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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
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 http://www.archive.org/details/principalnavigat1and2hakl 
 


PRINCIPAL NAVI- 
 GATIONS, VOYAGES, 
 
 TRAFFIQVES AND DISCOVE^ 
 
 ries of the Englifb Oration 3 made by Sea or ouer- 
 
 land , to the remote and farther!: diftant quarters of the 
 
 Eai th,at any time within the compaffe of thefe 1 600 yeres: 
 
 Diuided into three feuerall Volumes,accordingco the 
 pofitions of the Regions , whercunto they 
 were directed. 
 
 The firft Volume containeth the worthy Difcoueries, 
 dec. of the EngUjh toward the North and Northeaft by Sea, as of 
 
 Lapland,Scrikjinia, Corelia,thc Baie ofS. Nicolas ,the Ifles of Co!goietie,Vaigatz, 
 
 and Nona Zembla,x.ovi2iTd the greatRiuer 0£,with the mighty Empire or %ujfia, 
 
 the Cafpian Sea,G 'aorgia, Arme»ia,Media, ?erfia?Bogb*r in BaBria, 
 
 and diucrs kingdomes oiTartana: 
 
 Together with many notable monuments and teflimonies 
 of the ancient forren trades,and of the warrelike and other 
 
 Shipping of this Reakne of England in former ages, 
 
 Wlweunto is annexed a briefe Qommentary of the truejlate o/Ifland, 
 
 and of the Northren Seas and lands fituate that way : As alfo the 
 memorable defeatoftheSp«ni[?)huge.<<™M<fe,Anno 1 $88. 
 
 f The fecond Volume comprehendeth the principall 
 
 , Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and difcoueries of the English 
 
 Nation made by Sea orouer-land, to the South and South-eaft 
 
 parts of the World, as well within as without the StreightoF 
 
 Cibraltar,u any, time within the compafle of thefe 1600. , 
 
 yeres: Diuidedinto twofeucralpafts,&c. 
 
 *By Richard Haklvyt Preacher, and fometime Stu- 
 dent of Chrift-Church in Oxford. 
 
 ''■■: 
 
 Imprinted at London by (jeorge c BiJhop, 
 
 (Ralph TSletoberie, and Robert Barker. ■ 
 Anno 1599. 
 
u 
 
«TO THE RIGHT 
 
 
 HONORABLE MY SINGV- 
 
 LAR GOOD LORDJHELORD 
 
 Charles Howard, Erie of Notingham, 
 
 Baron of Effingham, Knight of the noble Order 
 
 of the Garter, Lord high Admirall of England, 
 
 Ireland,and Wales,&c. one of her Maieftics 
 
 rnoft honourable priuie Counfcll. 
 
 Ight Honourable and my very good 
 Lord,after I had long fince publifhed in Princ 
 many Nauigations and Difcoueries of Stran- 
 gers in diners languages, as well here at Lon- 
 don, asintheciticofPans, during my fine 
 yeeres abode in France , with the woorthie 
 Knight Sir Edward Stafford your brother in 
 lawe,her Maiefties rnoft prudent and carefull 
 Ambaflador ligier with the French Kin g : and 
 had waded on ftill farther and farther in the 
 f wect ftudie of the hiftorie of Cofmographie, 
 I began at length to conceiue, that with dili- 
 gent obferuation,fome thing might be gathered which might commend our na- 
 tion for their high courage and lingular a&iuitie in the Search and Difcouerie of 
 the rnoft vnknowen quarters of the world. Howbeit,feeing no man to ftep forth 
 to vndertake the recording offb many memorable a£tions,but euery man tofo- 
 lowhis priuate affaires : the ardent loue of my countrey deuoiued all difficul- 
 ties, and as it were with a iharpe goad prouoked me and thruft me forward into 
 this rnoft troublefome and painfull action. And after great charges and infinite 
 cares, after many watchings, toiles, and trauels,and wearying out of my weake 
 body ; at lengthl haue collected threefeuerall Volumes of the Englifh Nauiga- 
 tions, Traffiques,andDifcoueries, toftrange, remote, andfarrediftant coun- 
 treys . Which worke of mine I haue not included within the compalTe of 
 things onely done in thefe latter dayes, as though litle or nothing woorthie of 
 memorie had bene performed in formerages; but mounting aloft by the fpace 
 of many hundred yceres,haue brought to light many very rare and worthy mo- 
 numents , which long haue lien miferably fcattered in muftie corners, & retch- 
 lefty hidden in miftie darkenefie , and were very like for the greateftpart to 
 haue bene buried in perpetuall obliuion. The firft Volume of this worke I haue 
 thus for the prefent brought to light, refefuing the other two vntill the next 
 Spring , when by Gods grace they fhall come to the PrefTe . In the meane 
 feafon bethinking my felfe of fome munificent and bountifull Patrone, I called 
 to mind your honorable Lordfhip, who both in regard of my particular obliga- 
 tion,and alfo in refpecl: of the ftibieit and matter, might iuftly chalenge the Pa- 
 tronage thereof. Forfirft I remembred how much I was bound, and how deep- 
 ly indebted for my yongeft brother Edmund Hacklayt, to whom for the fpace of 
 foure whole yeeres your Lordfhip committed the gouernment and inftructfon 
 ofthathonorableyongnoble man, your fonne&heireapparanr, thelordff//- 
 
 * 2 lum 
 
'Z he Spijile T)edicatorie. 
 
 Ham Howw^ol whofe high ipirit and wonderiul towardlinefle full many a time 
 hathheboafted vncome. Secondly, theboundenduetiewhichlovveto your 
 moft dearc lifter the lady Sheffield^ lingular good lady & honorable miftreite, 
 adtnonil'hedmetobemindtulloftherenoui'nedfamilieoftheFowrfr^.Thirdly, 
 when I found in the firft Patent grauntedby Queene fLvtevwtotheMofcouie 
 companie,that my lord your father being then lord high Admirall of England, 
 was oneof the firft fauourers and furtheiers, with his purie and countenance,of 
 the ftrange and wonderfull Difcouerie of Ruffia, the chiefe contents of this pre- 
 fentVolume,then Iremebred the fagc faying of fweet ifoc rates, That fonnes ought 
 not onely to be inheriters of their fathers fubjlance, but alfo of their commendable vertues 
 and honours. .But what fpeake 1 of your anceftors honors (which to fay the trueth, 
 are very great,and fuch as our Chronicles haue notably blazoned) when as your 
 owneHeroicall actions from time to time haue fhewed themfelues fo admira- 
 ble,as no antiquitie hath affborded greater, and the future times will not in hafte 
 (I thinke) perlorme the like. To come to fome particulars, when the Emperors 
 filter, the ipoufe of Spaine, withaFleeteof an i3o.failes, ftoutly and proudly 
 paflTed the narow Seas,your Lordfhip accompanied with ten fhips onely of her 
 Maiefties Nauie Roiall.cnuironed their Fleet in mo ft ttrange and wartlike fort, 
 enforced them to ftoope gallant, andtovaile their bonets for the Queene of 
 England, and made them perfectly to vnderftand that olde fpeach of the prince 
 of Poets; 
 
 TS(on Mi imperium pelagi fauumtfc trident cm, 
 fed tibi forte datum. 
 Yet after they had acknowledged their dutie,your lordfhip on her Maiefties be- 
 halfe conducted her fafely through our Englifh chanell, and performed all good 
 offices of honor and humanitie to that forren Princeffe. At that time all England 
 beholding your moft honorable cariageofyourfelfe in that fo weigh tie feruice, 
 began to caft an extraordinarie eie vpon your lordfhip, and deeply to conceiue 
 that lingular hope which finceby your moft worthie &c wonderfull feruice, your 
 L hath more then fully fatiffied. I meane (among others) that glorious, trium- 
 phant, andthrife-happy victory atchieuedagainft that huge and haultie Spanijb 
 Armada (which is notably delcribed in the ende of this volume) wherein being 
 chiefeandfole Commander vnder her facred and roiallMaieftie,yoor noble go- 
 uernmentand worthy behauior,your high wifedom, difcretion and happinelTe, 
 accompanied with the heauenly bleffing of the Almightie,are fhewed moft cui- 
 dently to haue bene fuch, asallpofteriticandfucceedingages fhalineuerccafe 
 to fingandrefound your infinite prayfe and eternal commendations. As for the 
 kterenoumed expedition and honorable voyage vnto Cadiz., the vanquifhing 
 ofpartofthekingof Spaines Armada, the deftruction of the rich Weft Indian 
 Fleete, the chafing offo many braue and gallant Gallies, the miraculous win- 
 ning,facking,and burning of that almoft imptegnable citie of Cadiz,, the furpri- 
 fing of the towneof Faraon vpon the coaft of Portugal, and other rareappen- 
 dances of that enterprife,becaule they be hereafter fo iudicially let dovvne, by a 
 very graue and learned Gentleman, which was an eye witnefie in all that action, 
 I referre your good L. to his faithfull report, wherein I truft (as much as in him 
 lay)he hath wittingly depriued no man of his right . Vpon thefe and other the 
 likeconfiderations, I thought it fit and very conuenient to commend with all 
 humilitie and reuerence this firft part of our Englifh Voiagcs & Difcoueries vn- 
 to your Honors fauourable cenfure and patronage. 
 
 And here by the way moft humbly craning pardon , and ahvayes fubmitting 
 my poore opinion to your Lordfhips moft deep and percing infight, specially 
 
 in 
 
The Spiflle Dedicator te. 
 
 in this matter,as being thcfather and principal! fatiourcr of the Englifh Nauiga- 
 tion , Itriutitihalinot be impertinent in pa/ling by, to point at the meanesof 
 breeding vp of skilfull Sea-men and Mariners in this Realme. Sithenceyour 
 Lordfhip is not ignorant, that Chips are to litle purpofe without skilfull Sea-men; 
 and fince Sea-men are not bred vp to perfection of skill in much leffe time (as it 
 is laid) then in the time oftwo prentifhips; and fince nokinde of men of any pro- 
 feffion in the common wealth paffe their yeres in i'o great and continual! hazard 
 of lifejand fince of fo many, fo lew grow to gray heiresrhow needfull it is,that by 
 way of Lectures and fuch like infti uctions, theie ought to haue a better educati- 
 on, then hitherto they haue had; all wife men may eafily iudge. When I call to 
 minde, how many noble fhips haue bene loft, how many worthy perfons haue 
 bene drenched in the fea, and how greatly this Realme hath bene impouerifhed 
 by lone ofgreat Ordinance and other rich commodities through the ignorance 
 of our Sea-men, I haue greatly wifhed there were a Lecture of Nauigation read 
 in this Citie, far the banifhing ofour former grone ignorance in Marine canfes, 
 and for the increafe and generallmultiplyingof the fea-knowledge in this age, 
 wherein God hath raifed fo generall adefire in the youth of this Realme to difco- 
 uer all parts ohhc face of the earth, to this Realme in former ages not knowen. 
 And, that itmayappearethatthisisnovainefancie nordeuifeof mine, it may 
 pleafe your Lordfhip to vnderlland, that the late Emperour C/W/cr the fift.con- 
 fideringthe rawnefle of his Sea-men ,and the manifolde fhipwracks which they 
 fufteyned in palling and repaying betweene Spaine and the Weft Indies,mth an 
 high reach and great forefight, eltablifhed riot ondy a Pilote i\4aior,for the exa- 
 mination of fuch as fought to take charge of fhips in that voyage, but alio foun- 
 ded a notable Lecture of the Art of Nauigation, which is read to this day in the 
 Contractation houfe at Siuil. Thereaders of which Lecture haue not only care- 
 fully taught and inftnitSted the Spjftijh Mariners by word of mouth,but alfb haue 
 publifhed fundry exact and worthy treatifes concerning Marine caufes/or the 
 direction and incouragement of pofteritie. The learned works of three of which 
 readers,namely of <^Alonfode Chauez,, oiHiercnymo de Chauez,and oiRoderigoZa- 
 mora.no came long ago very happily to my hands, together with the ftraight and 
 feuere examining of all fuch Mailers as defireto take charge for the Y\'t'A. Indies. 
 Which when I firfl read and duely confidcred, it feemed to mee fo excellent and 
 fo exact a courfe, as I greatly wifhed, that I might be fo happy as to fee the like 
 order eftablifhed here with vs. This matter,as it feemeth,tooke no light imprefc 
 fion in the royall breft of that moft renowmed and victorious prince King Henry 
 the eight of famous memory; who for the increafe of knowledge in his Sea-men, 
 with princely hberalitic erected three feuerall Guilds or brotherhoods, the one 
 at Deptfordhete vpon the Thames, the other at Kingston vpon Hull, and the third 
 at 2-levpcasile vpon Tine: which laft was eftablifhed in the 2 8.yeere of his reigne. 
 The chiefemotiues which induced his princely wifedomehereimto,bimfelfeex- 
 prefleth in maner following. Vt magifiri,marinarij,gubematores\&aly officiary 
 nauittm, indent litem (ham in exercitatione gubernationis nauittm tranfigentes , muti- 
 Uti/ivt dl'iqud alio 'c'afu in paupertatem collapji, alicjuod releuamen ad eorumfujlentatio- 
 nem habeant, quo nonfblttm illi ref.ciantur, verumetiam alij iuuenes moueantur & in~ 
 ftigentur adeaxdemartem exercendam,ratione cuius, doff lores- & apt teres fant nauU 
 bus eyalijs vafis no fins & aliorumquorumcunqttein Maregubernandis (jr manttteven- 
 dis, tarn pacts, quam belli tempore , cum optispoflulet^&c. To defcend a litle Jo wer, 
 king Edward the fixt that prince ofpeerelefle hope.with the aduife of his fage and 
 prudent Counfaile,bcforeheentredinto the Northeafternedifcouciy.aduanced 
 the worthy and excellent Sebafiian Cabota to be grand Pilot of England, allowin g 
 
 * X him 
 
The SpittleTJedicatorie. 
 
 him a moft bountifull petition of 1 66.1i.vj.s.viij.d. by the ycere during his life,as 
 appeareth in his Letters Patents which aretobefeene in the third part of my 
 worke. And if God had granted him longer life,I doubt not but as he delt moft 
 royally in eftablifhingthat office of Pilote Maior (which notlong after tothc 
 great hinderance of this Common wealth was miferably turned to other priuate 
 vfestfo his princely Maieftie would haue ihewed himfelfe no nigard in erecting, 
 in imitation ofSpaine,xhe like profitable Lecture of the Art of Nauigation. And 
 furely when I confidered of late the memorable boun tie of fir Thomas Grefram, 
 who bcingbut aMerchant hath founded fo many chargeableLe&ures,and fomc 
 of them alfo which are Mathematicall , tending to the aduancement of Marine 
 caufes; I nothing doubted of your Lordfhips forwardnes in fettling and efta- 
 blifhing of this Le&ure; but rather when your Lordfhip fhall fee the noble and 
 rare effects thereof, you will be heartily fory that all this while it hath not bene 
 erected. As therefore our skill in Nauigation hath hitherto bene very much bet- 
 tered and increafed vnder the Admiraltie of your Lordfhip; fb if this onething 
 be added thereunto, together with feuere and ft raight difcipline,I doubt not but 
 with Gods good bleffing it will fhortly grow to the hieft pitch and top of all per- 
 fection: which whenfoeuer it (hall comctopafie, I aflurc my fclfeit willturne 
 to the infinite wealth and honour of our Countrey,to theprofperous and fpeedy 
 difcouery of many rich lands and territories of heathens and gentiles as yet vn- 
 knowen, to the honeft employment of m any thoufands of our idle people,to the 
 great comfort and reioycing of our f riends,to the terror,daunting and confufion 
 of our foes. To ende this matter, let mee now I befcech you fpeakevnto your 
 Lordfhip,as in times paft the elder Scipio fpake to Cornelius Scipio Afiicams: gul 
 Jis^Ajricane, alacrior adtutandam Rempublicam ,Jichabeto : Omnibus, qui patriam con- 
 feruauerint y adiuuerint,auxerint, certumejfe in ccelo,ac definitum locum jvbibeati duo 
 fempiternofruantur. Itremaineth therefore, that as your Lordfhip from time 1 to 
 time vnder her moft gracious and excellent Maieftie, haue fhewcdyourfelfe a 
 valiant protectour, a carefull conferuer, and an happy enlarger of the honour 
 and reputation ofyout Countrey ; fb at length you may enioy thofe celeftial ble£ 
 lings , which arc prepared to fuch as tread your fteps, and feeke to afpire to fuch 
 diuine and hcroical vertues. And euen here I furceafe,wifhing all temporal and 
 fpirituall bleffings of the life prefent and that which is to come to be powred out 
 in moft ample meafure, not onelyvpon your honourable Lordfhip, the noble 
 and vertuous Lady your bedfellow, and thofe two rare iewels, your generous 
 off-fprings,but alfo vpon all the reft wherefbeuer of that your noble and renow- 
 medfamily. FromLondon the 7-day of thisprefent October 1598. 
 
 Your honours moft humble alwayes 
 to be commanded: 
 
 Orchard Haklujt Preacher. 
 
 ^ A Preface 
 
C U/?Q 
 
 gjjLSC 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 fcl^Vv 
 
 
 i 
 
 [■ _ljl — , 
 
 651 
 
 y^^^T- "=& -r 
 
 "***s 
 
 f A preface to the Reader as touching 
 
 the prfncipall Voyages and difcourfes 
 
 in this n*rft pare. 
 Auingforthe benefit and honour of my Coun- 
 
 trey zealoufiy be/lowedfo many yeres^fo much traueile and coH, 
 to bring Antiquities fmothered and buried in darkeftlence,to 
 light, and to prefer ue certaine memorable exploits of late yeeres 
 by our En glifh nation atchieued,from the greedy and deuouring 
 iawes ofobliuion : to gather tikewife, and as it were to incorpo- 
 rate into one body the tome and fcatteredlimmes of our ancient 
 and late "Njiuigations by Sea, our voyages by land, and traffques 
 ofmerchandife by both; andhauing (fo much as in meliethjrejloredech particular mem- 
 ber, being before difplaced,to their true ioynt sand ligaments ; lmeane,by the helpe of Geo- 
 graphic and Chronologie(vphtch I may call the Sunne and the Moone,the right eye and the 
 left of allhiftory)referredech particular relation to the due time andplace: I do thisfecond 
 time (friendly Reader, if not tofatisfie ,yet at leaftfor the prefent to allay and hold in fu- 
 fpenfe thine expeclationjpre/ume to offer vnto thy view this firjl part of my threefold difi 
 courfe. For the bringing of which into this homely andrough-hewen frapc , which here thou 
 feefl\what resile -fie nights, what painefulldayes, what heat, what coldlhaue injured; how 
 many long ejr chargeable journeys lhaue traueiled;how many famous libraries I hauefear- 
 thed into\what varietie of ancient and 'mode me writers I haue per ufed; what a number of 
 oldrecords,patents,priuileges,letters,drc. I haue re deemed from obfeuritic andperiftiw, 
 into how manifold acquaintance lhaue entred; what expenfes lhaue not ff>ared ; and yet 
 ■what fair e opportunities of priuategaine, preferment, andeafe I haue neglecled;albeit thy 
 felfe c&nfl hardly imagine, yet I by daily experience dofinde ejr fee lc,and feme of my entier 
 friends can fufficicntly test i fie. Howbeit(as I told thee at thefrjl) the honour and benefit 
 efthis Common weale wherein I Hue and breathe Jjath made all difficulties feeme eafie,all 
 paines andindultrieplcafant,and all expenfes of light value and moment vnto mz_j. 
 
 For (to conteine my felfe onely within the bounds of this prefent difcourfe , and in the 
 midsl thereof to beginjwilit not in allpofleritiebe as great a renowtne vnto our Englifh 
 nation,to haue bene thefirH difcouerers of a Sea beyond the North cape (neuer certainly 
 knoxven beforejandofa conuenicnt paffage into the huge Empire c/Tluffia by the bay ofS. 
 Nicolas and the r/uer of Duma ; as for the Portugales tohauefounda Seabeyondthe 
 C^tf/'BuonaEiperanza , andfbeonfequently a paffage by Sea into the EaH Indies \or 
 for the Italians and Spaniards to haue difcouered vnknowen landes fomany hundred 
 leagues WeftwardandSouthweftwardof the ftreits of G\btz\x.3x. i dr of the pillcrs of Yicx- 
 cules ? Be it granted that the renowmed Portugale Vafquez de Gama trauer fed the 
 maineOcean Southward of Africke : Didnot Richard Chznctlcx andhismatesper- 
 formethe like "Northward ^Europe ? Suppofe that Columbus that noble and high- 
 Jpirited Genuois e fried vnknowen landes to the We ftrvard of 'Europe and Africke.' 
 Didnot the valiant Englifh knight fr Hugh Willoughby ; didnot the famous Pilots 
 StephenBurroughjArthurPeMWCharlesIackman^c^NouaZemblajCol- 
 goieue, and Vaigatz to the North o/Europe and Afia ? Howbeityou will fay perhaps, 
 not with the like golden fucceffe, not with fuch deduclions of Colonies, nor attaining of 
 conqitefls. True it is, that ourfucceffe hath not bene correfpondent vnto theirs: yet in this 
 our attempt the vncertaintie of finding was fane greater, and the difficult ie and danger 
 vffearching was no whit leffe. For hath not Herodotus (a man for his time,mofi skilfuU 
 andiudicialin Cofmographie,who writ aboue 200 0. yeeres ago)m his 4&ooke called Mel- 
 pomene, 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 pomene, fignifed vnto the Portugales/# plaine termes ; that Africa^ except the (mull 
 Ifthmus between the Arabian^w^ and the Mediterran fea,was on all fides enuironed 
 with the Ocean ? ^Andfor the further confirmation there of, doth he not make mention ofi 
 one Neco an Egyptian King, who (f or trials fake )(ent a Fleet of Phoenicians downe 
 the Redfea; who Jetting forth in Atttumne and failing Southv:ard till they had theSunne 
 at noonetide vpon their jlevbourd (that is to[aj,hatiing crofedthe ^Equinoctial and the 
 Southerne tropique) after a long Nauigation, diretled their courfe to the North, and in 
 theffaceof j.yeeres enuironed all Africk, pafimg home through the Gaditzn fireites, 
 tub i nat.hw. andarriuing in /Egypt? -^And doth not )|Plinie telthcm,that noble Hanno,w the flou- 
 rising time ande/lateofCanhzge^ailedfi-omGades in Spaine/o thecoafi c/Arabia 
 foe] ix, and put downe his whole iournallin writing ? Both he not make mention,that in 
 the time of A uguftus Cefar, the wracke ofcertaine S panifh fiips was found floating in 
 the Ar ab \zr\gulfe?And,not to be ouer-tediom in alle aging oftefiimonies,doth not S trabo 
 in the 2.booke of his Geography, together with Cornelius Nepos and Plinie in the place 
 heforenamed,agree all in one, that one Eudoxus fleeing from king Lzthyrus,andvaling 
 downe the Arabian bay,failedalong,doubled the Southern point of Africk, and at length 
 PnTimzo. arriuedat Gades? LAndwhAtJ])c.>{/dlfieakecftheSpamards>l¥asnotdtuine\\ Plato 
 (who lined fo many ages ago, and plaine ly defcribed their Weft Indies vnder the name of 
 A tlantis) was not he (ifay) inflead of a Cofmographer vnto them? Were not thofe Car- 
 U^ysa.v^^r thaginians mentioned i^Ariitotle lib. || de admirabil.aufcult. their forerunners? 
 <~4nd had they not Co\\m\hx\stofiirre them vp , and pricke than. forward vnto their 
 Wefiernc difcoueries; yea, to be their chiefe loads-man and Pilot? Sithens therefore thefe 
 two worthy Nations had thofe bright lampes of learning (l meane the mofl ancient and 
 befl Philofophers , Hiflortographers and Geographers) tojbewe them light ; and the load- 
 jlarre of experience ( to wit thofe great exploits and voyages layed vp in fore and recor- 
 ded) whereby to (Impe their courfe : what great attempt might they not pre fume to vn-. 
 dertake ? But alas our Engli (h nation,at the firftfettingfoorthfor their Northeaflerne 
 difcoiiery, were either altogether deflitute offuch cleare lights and inducements, or if they 
 had any inkling at all,it was as mifiy as they fund the 7$j>rthren feas, andfo obfeure and 
 ambiguous, thai it was meet rather to deterre them, then togiue them encouragement. 
 
 But be fides the forefaidvneertaintie, into what dangers and difficulties they plunged 
 ihemfelues,An\mus meminifle horret, I tremble to recount. For firfl they were to ex- 
 pofi them felues vnto the rigour of the flerne and vncouth Northren feas, and to make, 
 triall of the /welling wauesand boiflrous winds which there commonly dofurgeandblow: 
 then were they tofaile by the ragged and perilous coafi a/Norway , to frequent the vn. 
 haunted JJ)oares of Finmark, to double the dreadfull and misty Njrth cape, to bearewith 
 \Vil\oughbicsland,to run alengwithin kenning oftheCounlreys of Lapland andCo- 
 teYu\,andas it were to open andvnlocke the fenen-fold mouth of Duina.. \JMoreouer,in 
 their IS^ortheaflerly Njiuigations,vpon the feas and by the coafls of Cowdoxa, Colgoi- 
 eue, Petzora, loughoria.Samoedia, Noua Zembla, &c. and their pafiing and re- 
 turne through thefireits ofVais,z^z,vnto what drifts offnow andmountaines ofyce cuen 
 in June, luly, and Auguji, vnto what hideous ouerfals , vncertaine currents, darke mifies 
 and fogs, and diners other f ear e full inconueniences they were fubiecl and in danger of, I 
 tvifliycu rather to learne out of the voyages of fir Hugh Willoughbie,Stephen Bur- 
 rough, Arthur Pet and the re fl, then to expeclin this place an endleffe catalogue thereof. 
 i_ rfndhere by the way I cannot but highly commend the great indultry andmagnanimity 
 of the Hollanders,?!'^ within thefe few y ceres hatte difcouered to jS.yea {as them felues 
 affirme ) to Si. degrees ofNjrtherly latitude: yet with thisprotitfo\that our Ene,\i{h na- 
 tion led them the dance, brake the yce before them, andgaue them good leaue to light their 
 candle at our tor ch. But nowe it is high time for vs to weigh our ancre, to hoife vp our 
 Jailes, to get cleare of thefe boiflrou-s,fii'ofiy, andmiHy feas, and with all ff cede to direct our 
 
 courfe 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 cottrfefor themilde, light fome, temperate ^andwarme Atlan tick Off*/?, ouerwhichthe 
 Spaniards and Portugales haue made fomany plea/ant profperous andgolden voyages. 
 K^ind albeit I cannot deny f hat both of them in their Eaft and Weft Indian "Njuigattons 
 haue indured many tempeHs, dingers andfliipwracks :yet this dare I boldly affirm* ; fir [I 
 that a great number of them haue fat isfied their fame-thirfiy and gold-thirs~ty mindes 
 with that reputation and wealth , -which made all perils and mi faduentures feme tole- 
 rable -vnto them •■, and fecondly, that their fir ft attempts (which in this comparifon I doe 
 onelyftandvpon) w-ereno whit more difficult and dangerous, then ours to the Nor the a ft. 
 Tor admit that the way was much longer, yet was it ncucr barredwithyce, miU,ordark- 
 nesfout was at allfeafons of the yeere open and Nauigable ;yea and that for the rnoft part 
 with fortunate and fit gales ofwinde. Moreouer they had noforren prince to intercept or 
 mole ft them, but their owne Townes,ljlands,andmaine lands tofuccour them. The Spa- 
 niards had the Canary lfles:and[o had the Portugales the jjles of the Acorcs, of Por- 
 to {into, of Madera, of 'Cape xcrdjhe caftle o/Mina, the fruitf till 'and profitable Jfle of 
 S.Thomi&,heihg all of them conueniently fttuated, and well fraught with commodities. 
 Kyindhad they not continuallandyerely trade infome one part or other of 'Mricifor get- 
 ting of flauesfor fitgarfor Elephants teeth graines^filuer^gold^and other precious wares ', 
 which [erne das allurements to draw them on by little and lit te, and as proppes to flay them 
 from ziuing ouer their attempts ? But nowe let vs leaue them andreturne home vnto 
 our flue*. 
 
 In this fir fl Volume (friendly Reader) be fide sour Northeaflerne Difiotieries byfea,and 
 the memorable voyage^f CM.Chri&oy>hcr Hod(bn ; <i»^il/. William Burrough, An- 
 noif7o.to the Name, whereinwith merchants 'flips onely,theytooke flue flrongand 
 warrelike flips of the Freebooters, which lay within the found of "Denmark ofpurpofe 
 to intercept our Englifl Fleete : beftdes all the fe (l fay) thoumaicU find here recorded, to 
 the la fling honor of our nation, all their long anddangerous voyages for the aduauncing of 
 traffique by riuer and by land to all parts of the huge and wide Empire e/Ruflia: as name- 
 /yRichard Chanceler his firfl fortunate arriuallatNcwnox, hispaffingvpthe riuer 
 ofD w i n a to the citie of Volo gd if or thefpace ofi ioo .verfls, and from thence to Ya- 
 ruilaiie,Ron:oiie,Peraflaiie, andfo to the famous citie of 'Mofco, being 1500. versfs 
 trauellin all. Colore ouer, here thou hafi his voiage penned by him felfe (which 1 hold to be 
 very authenticate for the which I do acknowledge my felfe beholdingvnto the excellent, 
 Librarie of the right honorable my lord Lumley) wherein he defer ibeth in part the fl ate 
 ofRufciythemaners of the people and their religion, the magnificence of the Court, the 
 maieftie,power,andriches of the Emperour, and the gracwus entertainment ofhimfelfe. 
 But if he being the fir ft man, and not halting fo perfect 'intelligence as they that came af- 
 ter him^doeth not fullie fatiffie your expectation in defcribing the forefayd countre'y and 
 people ; I then referreyou to Clement Adams his relation next following, to CM. Ien- 
 kinfons difcourfe as touching that argument, to the fmooth verfes of CM. George Tur- 
 ben l i \t,and to a learned and excellent difcourfe fet downe, pag.4js ■ of this volume, and 
 the pages following . Vnto allwhich (if you pleafe) you may adde Richard Iohnfons 
 flrange report of the Simozc\s,pag.28 3. But to returne to our voyages performed with- 
 in the bounds ofWuftxi, ifuppofe (among the reft) that difficult iottrney o/"Southam and 
 Sparke j/?w« Colinogro andS. Nicholas Bale, vp the great riuer o/Onega, andfo by 
 other riuer s and lakes to the citie of Nouogrod velica vpon the Weit frontier o/Ruflia, 
 to be right woorthy of ' obferuation ; as likewife that of "Thomas Alcock from Mofco 
 toSnicknsko^and thence toTuvvill inPo\onii,pag. j 04. dr that alfbofM .Hierome 
 Hovfey from Mofco to Vobsko, andfo through Liefland to Riga, thence by the chiefs 
 mw^^Pruffia^PomerlandwRoftok^^^/sHamburg^reme^mdenj&c. 
 Neither hath our nation bene contented onely throughly to fearch into all parts of the 1H- 
 land,andto view the Northren,Sontherne i andWeJlerrtefi'ontiers i butalfobythe riuers 
 
 of 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 of : Moicua,Occad#^V 'olga,^ vifite Cazan and Aftracan,/fo/ 'arthefi Eafteme and 
 Southcafterne bounds of that huge Empire. And yet not containing themfelues within all 
 that maine circumference, they haue aduentured their perfons ', Ihippes } ajdgoods, home- 
 wards and outwards, foureteene times ouer the vnknowen and dangerous Cafpian fea ; 
 that valiant, wife, and perfonable gw//fw<J#U*f.AnthonieIenkinfbn being their firfi 
 ring-leader: who in Anno 155 8.failingfrom ARxaczn towards the EaH [bore of the 
 Cafpian/^*, and there arrtuing at the port of Mangufh, trauellcd thence by Vrgence 
 and Shekfar, and by the riuers ofOxws and Ardok, 40. dayes iourncy ouer defert and 
 waft countreys,to~Boghar a principal! citie o/Ba£tria, being there &by the way friend- 
 ly entertained, difmiffed, andfafely conducledby certaine Tartarian kings and Murfes. 
 Then haue you afecond Nauigation of his performance to the South fliore of the forefayd 
 Cafpian/^, together with his landing at Derbent, his arriuall 'at Shabran, his procee- 
 ding vnto Shamaky, the great curtefie vouchfafedon him by Obdolowcan kingofHk- 
 can, his tourney after of '30. dayes Southwardly Ya.uatc,t\rdom\,andothertownesand 
 cities to Casbcn,beingas then the feate impertall of 'Shaugh Thamas the great Sophy 
 ofPeifajWith diuers other notable accidents in his goingfoorthjn his abode there, and in 
 his returne home. Immediately after you hauefet downe infiuefeuerallvoiages the fuc- 
 cc Jfe °f L ^'^' .lenkinfons laudable andwell-begun enterprife,vnder the forefayd Shaugh 
 Thamas^Wo" Shally Murzcy the new king oftiiican, and la fly ourtraffique with 
 Ofman Bafhzthegreat Turkes lieutenant at Derbent. Moreouer,asin it/.Ienkjhfons 
 trauelto Boghar the Tartars, with their territories, habitations, maner ofliuing, appa- 
 re!lfood,armour,ejrc.are moft liuely refrefented vnto you : fo likewife in the fixe Perfia n 
 lournalsyoumay here andthere obferue the fate of that countrey ,ofthegrcat Shaugh 
 and of his fubiecls fogether with their religion,lawes,customes, & maner ofgouernment, 
 their coines,weights andmeafures,the diflances of places, the temperature of the climate 
 andregion,andthe natural commodities anddifcommodities of the fame. 
 
 Furthermore in thisfrjl Volume, all the Ambaffages and Negotiations from her Ma- 
 te flic to the Ruffian Emperor, or from him vnto her Maieltie ,feemedby good right to cha- 
 lenge their dueplaces of Record. ^As namely, firfi that of M. Randolph, 1568. then 
 the emploimcnt of M . Ienkinfon 157 1. thirdly, Sir Ierome Bowes his honorable com- 
 miffion andambaffage 1582. and lafl of all the Ambaffage of "M.Doft. Tietcher 1588. 
 Neither do we forget the Emperours firfl Ambaffador Olep Napea, his arriuall in Scot- 
 land, his mofl honourable entertainment and abode in England, and his difmiffion into 
 Ruffeland. In the fecond place we doe make mention of Stephen Tuerdico,rfWPheo- 
 data Pogoiella; thirdly, of 'Andrea Sauin ; andlaftly, o/Pheodor Andrewich Phi- 
 femski. And to be brief,! haue not omitted theCommiffions,Letters, Priuileges,Infiru- 
 clions,Obferuattons,or any other Particularswhichmight feme btthin this age, andwith 
 allpofieritie, either for pre fidents in fuch like princely and weight ie ail ions to bee imita- 
 ted, or as woorthy monuments innowife to bee buried in filence. Finally, thatnothing 
 JJjould be wanting which might adde any grace orfliew of perfection vnto this difcourfc of 
 Ruffia ; / haue prefixed before the beginning thereof the petigree and genealogie of the 
 Ruffian Emperors and Dukes, gathered out of their owne Chronicles by aVo\o\xia.n,con- 
 taining in briefe many notable antiquities and much knowledge ofthofe partes : as like- 
 wife about the conclufion, I haue fignifiedin the branch of a letter, the la ft Emperour 
 Pheodor Iuanowich his death, and the inauguration «/Boris Pheodorowich w/0 
 the Empire. 
 
 But that no manfljould imagine that ourforren trades ofmerchandife haue bene com- 
 prifed within fome few yeeres, or at leaft wife haue not bene of any long continuance ; let 
 vsnow withdraw ourfelues from our affaires in RufTia^tnd afcendtng fomewhat higher, 
 let vs take afeightfuruey of our traffques and negotiations informer ages, firfl there- 
 fore the Reader may haue recourfevnto the 124 page of this Volume 3 ejr there with great 
 
 delight 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 delight and admiration , confideroutoftheiudictalHiftoriographer Cornelius laci- 
 msjhat the Cttte o/London fifteene hundredyeeres agoe in the time of Nero the Em- 
 perour , was moft famous for multitude of merchants and concourfe of people. In thcpages 
 folowinghemay learne out ofFenerableBcda.thatalmoft $ o o. yeerespafl ,inthe time of 
 the Sa.xons,thefaidcitic ^London m> as mv\totum emporium populorunv Mart- 
 lowne for many nations.There hemay behold,out of William of Malmesburie,^ league 
 concluded betweene the moft renamed and victorious Germane Emperour Carolus 
 Magnus, and the Saxon kingOSa, together 'with the fayd Charles his patronage and 
 protection orantedvnto all Englifl) merchants which in thofe dayesfequented his domi- 
 nions. There may hee plainly fee in an auncient testimonie tranflated out of the Saxon 
 tongue ,how our merchants were often woontfor traffiquesfake, fo many hundred yeeres 
 (ince,to croffe the wide Seas, and how their industry in fo doing was recompenfed . Tea, 
 there may eft thou obferue (friendly Reader) what priuilegcs the Danifh king Canutus 
 obtained at Rome of Pope Iohn,ofConradus the Emperour, and ofl'ingRudolphus for 
 our Englifl) merchants Aduenturers of thofe times. Then ifyoujhallthinke good to defend 
 vnto the times and ages fucceeding the conqueft, there may yon partly fee what our ft ate of 
 merchandife was in the time of king Stephen andof hispredeceffor, andhow theCitie of 
 Briftol (which may feeme fomewhat ftranqf) was then greatly refortedvntowithflnps 
 from Norway and from Ireland . Theremay you fee the friendly league betweene king 
 Henry the fecond, and the famous Germane Emperour Friderick BarbarofTa, and the 
 gracious authorizing of both their mer chats to traffique in either of their dominions. And 
 ■what need Itoputyou in mind of king Iohn his fauour able fafe- conduct, whereby allfor- 
 ren merchants were to haue the fame priuileges here in England, which our Englifl) 
 merchants enioied abroad in their feuerallcountreys. Or what flwuld I frgnife vntoyoit 
 the enter courfe of league andof other curtejles betweene king Henry the third, andHa- 
 <\uinas king of Norway; and likewife of the free trade of merchandife between their 
 fubiects : or tell you what fauour s the citizens of Colen , o/Xubek, andof all the Hanfe- 
 townes obtainedofking Edward thefirfl ; or to what high endes and pirpofes the gene- 
 yalljarge^and ftately Charter concerning alloutlandifl) merchants whatfoeuer was by the 
 fame prince moft gracioufly publifl)ed? You are of your owne indtiflry fufficiently able to 
 conceiue of the letters & negotiates which pa/fed between IC.Edward the 2. ejr Haqui- 
 nus the Noruagian king; of our Englifl) merchants and their goods detainedvpon arrefl 
 at Bergen in Norway ; andalfo of thefirfl ordination of a Staple^ or of one one ly fetlcd 
 Mart- 1 owne for the vttering of Englifl) woolls & woollen fells, inflitutcd by the fayd K. 
 Edward loft before named.Allwbich (Reader) being throughly confidercd, Ireferreyon 
 then to the Ambaffages,LettersfTraffiques,andprohibitionofTraffiqucs,concludingand 
 repealing of leagues, damage s,reprifals, arrefl s, complaints, fupplkations, compoftions and 
 reftitutions which happened in the time ofkingRichaxd the 2. and king Henry the 4. 
 between the faidkings and their fubiects on the onepartie; and Conrad us de Zolner, 
 Conradus de Iungingen, and Vlricus de Iun gin gen, three of the great maflcrs of 
 VxvS£\a,andtheir fubiec~ls 7 with the common focietie of the Hanftowncs on the other 
 partie . In alt which dift our fe you may note very many memorable things ; as namely fir ft 
 the wife, difcreet, and caut clous dealing of the Ambaffadors andCommiffioners of both 
 parts,then the wealth ofthefortfaid nations, and their manifold andmoft vfuall kinds of 
 waresvtteredin thofe dayes, as likewife the qualitie, .burthen, andflrength of their pip- 
 ping, the number of their Mariners, the maner of their combates atfea, the number 
 and names of the Englifh townes which traded that way, with the particular places 
 as well upon the coaft of Norway , as euery where within the found of Denmark 
 which they frequented ; together with the inueterate malice and craft ie erne It ie of the 
 Hanfe . And becaufe the name , office, and dignitie of the mafters general!, or great 
 iMalters of Pruffia would otherwife haue bene vtterly darke and vnknowen to the 
 
 greater 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 greater fart of Readers ,7 hauefet downe immedtatly before the first Pruflian ambafage, 
 pagina 1 44 a briefe and. orderly Catalogue of them all, contayning the firH origin all and 
 institution ofthemfelues and of their -whole knightly order and brotherhood,with the in- 
 creafe of reuenues andwealth which befell them aftcrvcardin Italy and Germany and 
 the great conquefts which they atchteuedvpon the infi dels of Pruflia, Samogitia,Cur- 
 land,Liefland,Lituania,cfc. alfo their decay and finall otter throw partly by the rettolt 
 of diuersTownes andCaflles vnder their iurifdiclion } and partly by themeanes of their 
 nextmightie neighbour the King ^Poland. 
 
 K^ifteraUthefe,outof2.branches of 2jincientftatutes, is partly (liewed our trade and 
 thefucceffe thereof 'with diuers fsrren N 'attons in the time of "K.Henry the fixt. 
 
 Thenfotloweth the trueproceffe ofEng\i(hpolicie y lmeanethat excellent and pithy 
 treat ife de politia conferuatiua maris : which I cannot to any thing more ftly compare, 
 then to the Emperour ofRuffu his palace called the golden Ca(lle,and defcribed by Ri- 
 chard Chancellery^..?;? <P. of this volume : whereof albeit the outward apparance was 
 hut homely and no whitcorrefpondentto the name, yet was it within [0 beautified and ad- 
 orned with the Emperour his maiefticallpre fence, with the honourable and great afembly 
 of his rich-attired Veers andSenatours,withan inuatuable and huge mafe of gold and fi- 
 ner plate, & with other princely magnificence? that wellmight the eyes oft he beholders be 
 daze led, and their cogita tions aftonijhed thereat. For indeed the exteriour habit of this 
 our Enghfa politician, to wit, the harfl? andvnaffecled flile ofhisfubftantiallverfesand 
 the aide dialecl of his wordes isfuch ; its the fir ft mayfeeme to hatte bene whiffled of Pans 
 oaten pipe, and the fecond to haue proceeded from the mother of Euander : but take vote 
 off his vtmost weed,andbeholde the come line ffe, beaut ie, and riches which lie hidwithin 
 bis inward fenfe andfentence ; andyouft;allfinde (I wiffe)fo much true andfoundpolicy, 
 fo much deltghtfuli and pertinent history, fo many littely defcriptions of the gripping and 
 to ares in his time of all the nations almolt inChriHendome,andfuch aftibtile difcouery of 
 cutlandifl) merchants fraud,andof 'the fophiftication of their wares ; that needes you muff 
 acknowledge , that more matter andfubftance could in no wife be comprifedinfo little A 
 roomer. And notwithstanding ( at ifaid) his file be vnpolifl)ed, andhisphrafesfome- 
 Tvhat out ofvfe ; yet,fo neere as the written copies would giue me leauej haue mofl reli- 
 gioufly without alteration obferued thefame_j : thinking it farre more conuenient that 
 himfelfe frouldfpcake ,then that iflwuld bee his (poke fman> and that the Readers fl>ould 
 enioy his true verfes, then mine or any other mansfainedprofc-j . 
 
 Njxt after the conclufion of the la ft mentioned difcourfe, the Reader may infomefort 
 take a vieti of our (late of merchandife vnder K. Edward the fourth y as likewife of the 
 eftablifiingofanEnglifhcompanyintheNethethndSiandofallthedifcreetprouifoes, 
 iufl ordinations, & gratious priuileges conteinedin the Urge Charter which was granted 
 for the fame purpofe_j. 
 
 ?{ow he fides our voyages and trades oflateyeeres to the North andNortheafl regions 
 of the world,and our ancient traffique alfo to tho/e parts ; I haue not bene vnmindefull (fo 
 farre at the hi [lories ^/England and of other Countreys would giue me direction) to place 
 in the fore-front of this booke thofeforren conquefts, exploits, and trauels of our En glifh 
 nation,which haue bene atchieued of old. Where in the firH place(as lam credibly infer' 
 med out ofGaUridusMonumetenfis^nd out of MXambeit his Apx«><><°i*!*) I haue pub- 
 itfiedvnto the world the noble actesof Arthur *WMalgo two Britifh Kings. Thenfot- 
 loweth in the Saxons time K.Edwin his conquest of bAaxi and h.v\°^e(ey, and the expe- 
 dition of Bertus into Ireland. Next fucceedeth O&her making relation of hit doings, 
 and defcribing the North Countreys, vnto his fcueraigne Lord K. Ecfrid. \fsffter whom 
 Wolftans Nauigation within the Sound ^Denmark is mentioned, the voyage of the 
 yong Princes Edmund andEdw&xd into Sweden and Hungarie it recorded, as like- 
 wife the mariageoftiaiald his daughter vnto the Ruftian duke Ieruflaus. Neither is 
 
 that 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 thitfc\\p\\VcLVC\a\~\forgotten)Who was forced to irauale with the o#e/Tartars into their 
 Countrey, and, from thence to bcare them company /#/# Hungary and Poland. And be- 
 caufe thefe "Njrtheajiernc Regions beyond Volga , by reafon of the huge dcferts,thc colde 
 climate , and the barbarous inciuilitie of the people there inhabiting , were ncueryet 
 throwhh traticiled by any of our Njtion, nor fufficiently knov:en vnto vs ; lhaue here 
 annexed vnto the (aid Englifhmans traueile, therarecjr memorable tournals of 2 .Fri- 
 ers, who were feme of the firflchrifiians that trauailed farthefl that way, end brought 
 home moft particular intelligence ejr knowledge of all things which they had fecne. Thefe 
 Friers were lent as Ambaffadours vnto thefauage Tartars ( who had as then wafted and 
 ouerrunne agreatpart of Alia andhadpierced farre into Europe with fire andfwerd ) 
 to mitigate their fury ', and to offer the glad tidings of the Go/pel vnto them. The former ; 
 namely lohannes de Piano Carpini ( whofe tourney jjecaufe he road fixe moneths pofe 
 dtrecily bcyondBoufthmes, did, I thinke, both for length and difficult ie farre furpaffe 
 that a/Alexander the great, vnto the riuer u/lndus ) was in thcyeere i246fent with 
 the author itie and commifiion of a Legate from Pope I n n oce n ti us the fourth: who paffed 
 through more garifons of the Tartars, and wandered oner more vail, barren, and cold 
 deferts, then [ifuppofe) an army of an hundred thoufandgoodfouldiers could haue done^r.. 
 The other, to wit., William dc Rubricis,w^ 125 3. by theway of Contt.a.ntmo\Ae, of 
 the Eixxin fia, and ofT arnica Cherfbnefus imployed in an ambaffage from Lewis the 
 French King ( waging wane as then again (l the S aracens in the Holy land) vnto one 
 Sartach agreat duke of the Tartars, which Sartach/?#/ him forthwith vnto his father 
 haaw, and fromBaatu he was conducted oner many large territories vnto the Court of 
 Mangu-Cantheir Emperour. Both ofthemhauefo well played their par ts,in declaring 
 what befell them before they came at thcTavtars,what a terrible andvnmanerly wel- 
 comming they had at their firft arriuall, what coldiniertainment they felt in travelling 
 towards the great Can,and what fender cheere they found at his Court; that they feme 
 no lefie worthy ofpraife then ofpitie. But in defcribing of the Tartars Countrey, and of 
 the Regions adiacent,infetting downe the bafe andfillie beginnings of that huge and oaer- 
 Jp reading Empire, in regifiring their man'tfolde war res and bloody conquests, tn making 
 relation of their hords and mooueable Townes, as likewife of their food , apparclland ar- 
 mour, and infetting downe their vnmercifulllawes, their fond fuperfiitions, their be Hi all 
 Hues, their vicious maner s, their fiauifl->fubieclion to their owne fupericurs,and their dif- 
 dain full and brutifl) inhumanitie vnto f rangers, they deft rue moH exceeding and high 
 commendation. Howbeit if any man (lull obiecl that they haue cert aine incredible rela- 
 tions: I anfwere , first, that many true things may to the ignorant fecme incredible. But 
 fuppofe there be feme particulars which hard'y will be credited ; yet thus much I will boldly 
 fay for the Friers, that thofe particulars are but few, and that they doe not auouch them 
 vnder their owne names,butfrom the report of others. Yet farther imagine that they did 
 auouch them ,were they not to be pardoned as well as Herodotus, Strabo, Plutarch, 
 Plinie,Solinus,^e^ agreat many of 'our -new • principal! writers,whofe narnesyou may 
 fee about the end of this Preface ; cuery one of which hath reported more ftrange things 
 then the Friers between theboth? Nay, there is not any hiflory in the world(the mo ft Holy 
 •writ excepted)whereofwe are precifely boundto beleeue ech wordand fyllable. Moreouer 
 Jithens thefe two iournals are fo rare, that Mercator 4#af Ortelius (as their letters vnto 
 me do teflifie ) were manyyeeres veryinquifitiue, andcotddnot for alllhat attainevnto 
 them ; and fithens they haue bene of fo great accompt with thofe two famous Co fno^r a- 
 f hers, that according to fome fragments of them they haue defcribedin theirCMappes a 
 great part of thofe Northeaflem Regions ; fith alfo that thefe two relations con t aine in 
 femerefpeil more exact hiftory of thofe vnknowen parts, then all the ancient and ncwe 
 writers thateuer I could fet mine eyes on: I thought it good, if the tranftatkm (i)ould 
 chance tofwerue in ought from the originals (both for the ■ prefer uat ion of the originals 
 
 ** then,.',- 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 themfelues , and the [atisfying of the Reader ) to put them downe word/or word in that 
 homely [I He wherein they were first penned. \^indfor thefe two rare iewels,as likewife 
 for many other extraordinary courtefies , Imujihere acknowledge myfelfe mofl deepely 
 boiindm vnto the right reuerend,graue , and learned Pre late, my very good lord the Biflwp 
 ofChiche(ler,andL.bighAlmnervntoherMaieItiejbywbofefriend(}jipandmeanesI 
 had free accejfe vnto the right honor. my L.Lumley hisftately library, andwas permitted 
 to copy out of ancient manufcripts,thefe two iournals and fame others alfo. 
 
 Cdftcr thefc Friers (though not in the next place) foloweth a testimonie of Gerar- 
 dus Mercator, and another ofM. Dee, concerning oneNichohs de Linna an Enghfl) 
 Francifcan Frier. 
 
 "ihcnfucceedeth the long tourney of 'Henry Earle flfDerbie, andafterward king of 
 England into Pruflia ejr Lhhuaniz,with a briefe remembrance of his valiant exploits 
 against the Infidels there', as namely, that with the help ofcertaine his Affociates,he van- 
 quired the king of Letto his armie,put the fayd king to flight, tooke andflew diners of hit 
 captains,aduancedhis Englijb colours vpon the wall of V i\na,^- made the citie itfelfe to 
 yeeldlhcn mention is made alfo oflho.of Woodflock his trauelinto Pruis, and of his 
 returne home. And laftly,our old Engiifl: father E n n i u s,Imeane,the learned,wittie,and 
 profound Geffrey Chaucer, vndcr the perfon of his knight, doetb full iudicially and like 
 a cunning Cofmographcr, make report of the long voiages and woorthy exploits of our 
 Englijh Nobles,Knights,& Gentlemen, to the Northren,andto other partes of the world 
 in his day cs. 
 
 Neither hattewe comprehended in this Volume, onely our Trades and Voiages both new 
 and old; bat alfo haue fcatteredhere andthere(as the circumflance of times wouldgiuevs 
 leaue) certainefragments concerning the beginnings, antiquities, andgrouth of the claf- 
 ficaland warrelike Jbippingofthis Iiland : as namely, firfl of the great nauie of that vi- 
 ctorious Saxon prince king Edgar, mentionedby Florentius Wigornicnfis, Roger 
 Houeden,Rainulph o/'Chefler,Matthew 0/Weftminfter, Flores hiftoriarum,e?- 
 in the libel of Englifh po\icie,pag.20J. and 20 3. of this prefent volume. Of which Au- 
 thors fome affirme the fayd Fleet to haue confiftedofj-Soo. others of 4000. fome others of 
 36 .\hips -.howbeit (if I may prefume to gloze vpon the text) I verily thinke that they 
 were not comparable, either for burthen fftrength, building, or nimble Jlirrage vnto the 
 (liips of later times, andfpecially of this age. But howfoeuer it be, they all agree in this, that 
 by meanes of the fayd huge Fleet he was a mofpuif] "ant prince ; yea, and fome of them af- 
 firme together with William ^Malmesbury//^/ he was not onely foueraigne lordof 
 all the Britiflyfeas, and of the whole Ifle o/Britaine itfelfe, but alfo that he brought vnder 
 his yoke offubiec~Hon,mofl of the ifles and fome of the maine lands adiacent. And for that 
 moflofour2Jjuigatorsatthistimebee(for want of trade and praffife that way) either 
 vtterly ignorant, or but meanely skilfull,in the true fate of the Seas,Shoulds,andljlands, 
 lying between the 2{orthpart ofiiclzndandofScothnd;lhauefor their better encou- 
 ragement (ifanyweightie atlionfljall hereafter chance to drawe them into thofe quar- 
 ters)tranflatedinto EngliJI) a briefe treat ife called, A Chronicle of the Kings of Man. 
 Wherein they may behold as well the tragical and dole full historie ofthofe parts, for the 
 ffacealmofi ofsoo.yeeres,asalfo the mofl ordinarie and accuflomednauigations, through 
 thofe very feas, and amidst thofe Northweflerne I/les called the Hebrides, fomanyhttn- 
 dredyeeres agoe . For they frail there read, that euen then (when men were but rude in 
 fea-caufesin regard of the great knowledge which we now haue) firfl Godredus Cro- 
 uan with a whole Fleet ofjbips, throughly hauntedfome places in that fea : fecondly, that 
 onelngemundusfetting faile out of Novwzy, arriuedvpon the if 'c of Lewis : then, 
 that Magnus the kingof"Norwa.y came into the fame feaswith i6o.failes, andhauing 
 fubduedthe Orkney Ifles in his way, paffed on in like conquering maner , directing his 
 courfe (as it flionld ficeme) euen through the very midst, and on all fides of the Hebrides, 
 
 who 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 whofailing thence to Man, conquereditalfo, proceeding afterward as f aire as Angle- 
 fey} and laflly crofmgouer -from the i 'fie of ~Man?<? the East part o/flreland. Tea, there 
 they flail read o/Godrcdus thefonne (^"Olauus his voiageto the king of Nor way, of 
 his expedition with So. flips againff Sumerledus.c/'Sumerled his expedition with 53. 
 flups againfl him ; ofGo&reA his flight and fecondiourncy into Norway ; ^Sumerled 
 hisflecond arriualwith 160 .flippesat Rhinfrin vpon the coafi of Man, and of many other 
 fitch combates,affaults,& voyages which were performed oncly vpon l ho fe fleas cjr 1 /lands. 
 <^Andfor the bringing of this woorthy monument to light, we doe owe great thanks vnto 
 the iudiciall and famous Antiquarie Cm. Camden. Butfithens we are entred into a dif- 
 courfe of the ancient warrelike flipping of this land, the Reader flail giue me leaue to bo- 
 raw one principal! note out of this title historic, before I quite take my leaue thereof: and 
 that is in few words, that K. form faffed into Ireland with a Fleet of $ o.failes ;flo great 
 •were our flea- forces cuen in his time . Neither did cur flipping flor the war res first begin 
 toflourifl with king \o\w\fout long before his dayes in the reign cflK. Edward the Con- 
 fehor. of 'William the Conqueror, a/William Rufbs and the rest, there were diuers 
 men ofwarre which didvaliant feruice at fea, and for their paines were yoially rewarded. 
 All this andmore then this you may fee recorded,pag. 1 7. out oft he learned Gentleman M. 
 Lambert his Perambulation of Kent ; namely ',the antiquitie of 'the Kentifl Cinque 
 ports {which oflthe fea-townes they were, how they were infrancbifed, what gracious pri- 
 uilegcs and high prerogatiues were by diuers kings vouchfafled vpon them, and what fey 
 uieesthey weretredvnto in regardthereofl;towit,howmany flips, how many fouldiers, 
 mariners, Garfons, andflor how many dayes each of them, andalloflthemweretoflur- 
 niflflor the kings vfle ; and lallly, what great exploits they performed vnder the conduct. 
 eflH.nbcrtoflburrough,as likewi/e againfl the IVelflmen, vpon 20 .French flaps, and 
 vnder the commaundof ' captaineliemyVay . Thenhaueyou,pag. 117. thefrankeand 
 bountiful/ Charter granted by king Edward theflrfl,vpon the fore fayd Cinq ue portes: 
 & next thereunto a Roll of the might ie fleet oflfeuen hundred flips which K.E dvvard the 
 third had with him vnto theficge 0/Caleis : out oflwhich Roll [before 1 proceed any flur r 
 thcr) let megiueyou a double obferuation. Firfl,that thefle fl>ips, according to the number 
 oflthe mariners which were in all 141 f j.perfons, fecme to hatu bene of great burthen ; 
 and fccor.dly, that Yarmouth an hauen towne in NorihfbIke(')rZwZ' / much vsonder at) 
 fet forth a'moft twife as many flips and mariners, as either the king did at his owne coflls 
 and charges fir as any one citie or towne in England befldes . Howbeit Tho. Walfing- 
 ham maketh pl.iine andeuident mention ofafarre greater Fleete of the fame king\name- 
 ly,ofliioo.flipf>es lying before Sandwich, being all oflthem fuflfcienily well furnifled. 
 Olioreouer,the Reader may behold, pag. 1 86. a notable ieftimonie oflthe mightie flips of 
 that valiant prince king Henry the j. who (when after his great victory at A^incourt 
 the Frenchmen torecoucr Harflew had hired certaine Spanifh and "Italian flips and 
 forces.dr hadvnited their owne flrengthvnto them) fent his brother Iohn duke r/Bed- 
 fbrd to encounter them, who bidding them bat tell, gotthevi&ory, taling feme of their 
 flaps, and finking others,andputting the re f due to drflcnorable flight. Likewife camming 
 the next yeere with jlronger powers,and bein% then alflo oucrcome, they wereg'adto con- 
 clude a pcrpetuall league with K Henry;5»r propter eorum nzuesfaicth mine Author) 
 that is, for the refinance of their fliips the fayd king caufedfuch huge flips to be built, qua- 
 lcs non erant in mundo,*f the like were not to be found in the whole world be fides. 
 
 But to leaue our ancient flipping, anddefcendvnto later times; I think e that neuer 
 was any nation blcffedofl Iehoyah, with a more glorious and wonderf all viciory vpon 
 the Seas, then cur vanquifling of the dreadfull Spanifh Armada, 1 588. But why 
 flwuldlprefume to call it cur vanquifling ; when as the grcaiefl part of them efcapedvs, 
 andwere oncly by Godsout-ftrctchcd arme ouerwhclmedtn the Seas, dafledin pieces a- 
 gainitthe Roches, and made fearefullffieciacles and examples oflhis Judgements vnto all 
 
 ** 2 Christcndomc? 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 Christ cndome. An excellent difcourfe whereof \ as like wife of the honourable expedition 
 vndcr two of the mofl noble andvaliant peeres of this Realmejmeanefhe renoumed Erie 
 ofB&x^tndthe right honorable the ZWCharles Howard, lordhigh Admiral! 'of ling- 
 land made i / pC. vnto theftrong citie of 'Cadiz, lhauefet downe as a double epipho- 
 nema to conclude this my fir (I volume wit hall. Both of which, albeit they ought ofri^ht 
 to hauc bene placed among the Southerne voyages of our nation: yetpartly to fatiffie the 
 import unitie of fome of my Jpecial friends, and partly, not longer to depriue the diligent 
 Reader of twofuchwoorthy and long-expecfeddifcourfes; I hauemade bold toflraine ali- 
 tle curtefie with that methode which ifirft propounded vnto myfelfe. 
 
 Andhere hadlalmoft forgotten toput the Reader inmindof that learned and Philofo* 
 phicaltreatife of the true (late oflfehnd,andfo confequently of the Njrthren Seas & re- 
 gions lying- that way : wherein a great number ofnoneofthemeaneft Hifhriographers 
 andCofmographers of later times, as namely, Munfter, Gemma Frifius, Zieglerus, 
 Krantzius,SaxoGrammaticus,01aus Magnus, Pcucerus and others, are by euident 
 arguments conuinced of manifold errors: that is to fay, as touching the true fit uation and 
 Northerly latitude of that ]flmd,and of the diftmce thereof from other places ; touching 
 the length ofdayes in Sommer and of nights in Winter, of the temperature of the land 
 andfea, of the time and maner of the congealing, continuance, and thawing of the Ice in 
 thofe Seas, ofthefirflDifcouerie and inhabiting of that iftand, of the fir ft 'planting of 
 Chriftianitie there, as likewife of the continuallfiaming of mountains, ftrange qualities 
 of fount aim, ofheUmouth, and ofpurgatorie which thofe authors haue fondly written and 
 imagined to be there. All which treatife ought to bee the more acceptable ; fir ft in that it 
 hath brought found trueth with it ; andfecondly,in that it commethfrom thatfarre Nor- 
 thmen climate which mofl men would fuppofe could not affoord any one fo learned a. Pa- 
 troneforitfelfe. 
 
 And thus (friendly Reader) thou feefl the briefefumme and [cope of alt my labours for 
 
 the common-wealths fake, and thy fake, bellowed vpon this fir [I Volume : which if thou 
 
 Jl,alt as thankefully accept, as 1 haue willingly and freely impartedwith thee, I 
 
 JJmllbee the better encouragedfpeedily to acquaint thee with thofe rare, 
 
 delightfullandprofitablehiftories, which Ipurpofe (Godwil 
 
 ling) topubli{J) concerning the Southerne and We- 
 
 fierne partes of the World. 
 
 * 
 
 57 Tojlfcriptum. 
 
 Not knowing any other place fo conuenient, lam here to aduertife the friendly Reader of certaine faultes 
 efcapedintheprintingofthisbooke,andtorequefthimrhatin the Page J4.andin the laft line faue two,hee 
 would in (lead of Kine.read Swine.and he (hall thereby auoid a great contradiaion : likewife pag.i 87. that hee 
 would vnto the endeofthe fecondverfeofthe Prologue to the Englith Policy, make fupplyofthe word Reft, 
 which is there wanting : alio pag.iii.lin.z?.for woorthinefle read woorthies, &c. Other faults (if there bee any) 
 are([ doubt not) eafily corrigible. 
 
 W^^imimkg& 
 
A' 
 
 El'S AnOAHMl'AS BPETTANAN 
 
 no'NHMA' pixa'paot T.cfr a'k ati't ox t 
 
 IkTks earned h) totBf, AVStOJTOC tt, 
 T«TOnf" £m f&Kls*t XMra, lAvrit A-'nyti'mt 
 
 e^5 InnaualesRicHARDi Haklvyti 
 Gommentarios. 
 
 • v -,\ . 
 Nglia magnarumfacunda puerpera return, 
 fiue folumjpecles nobile,fiuefalum ; 
 gu& quantum fitmptisfe nobilitauerit armls^ • • 
 
 fiue ' domi gefiit pr&lia, fiue for Is; 
 CMultorum celebrant maturavolumina : tdntd 
 
 Infutamateriemparuulalaudisalit. 
 K^itfe in quot,qttalefq\, & quando ejfuderit or at, 
 
 quafidit ignotumperuia clafiis her* 
 Solius Hakluy ti dectts ejl,pr£aiuitepenna 
 
 ofiendiffefuisciuibusaufamari. 
 gu&cunque idcircocekrigens Anglicanaui,, 
 
 Oceanitfiflesfiernere doflaminas, 
 Ksl 'prima generifq--, & gent is origine geffit, 
 
 quaviaperfluclusvllapaterepotefi, 
 Siue decusfaud'emq\ fecutajvt & bofiibus alas 
 
 demeret\at que fujisf tela par aret opes : 
 Hoc opus Hakluy ti ; cui debet patria multum, 
 
 cuimultum,patriaquifquis amicus erit. • i •.< .-. •■ 
 Qua re n'amquefnagisfe noflra Britannia iaclat', 
 
 quam quod fit prater cateraclajfepotens? 
 Qmmprius obfeffam tenebrisfic liberat,vt nunc 
 
 quifquefciat,quamfitnobileclaffisoyuf.< 
 Jguojttfi Dddalice vtemur^furgemus in ahum, 
 
 fin ant em Uarice^quodvotet^aquor habet. O 
 
 R I C H. Iviv LCASTER. 
 
 i ..'.;-• .,• - . ■ ■-.' .:..-;.■■ i 
 
 Eiufdem in euhdem. •: , ^a 
 
 VigrauiprtmuscectnitcamoenA 
 .AureumvelluSyprocerefqueGrifcoSi •. 
 quos fibi adiunxit comites la fin 
 
 VettusinArge 
 T^aue^quam primumJecuiffefiuiJus 
 predicant falfos^fibi comparauit 
 
 *.* 3 little 
 
Ittde non vnquam moritur* magna 
 
 prxmiafam*. 
 Tantafimcrces calamumfecuta 
 VnicanauisreferentUa&a, 
 Quanta, R ichardum manet Hakluy turn 
 
 gloria? cuius 
 Venn* defer ipjit/reta millejmille 
 InfttU noflra celeres carinas, 
 guxper immenfi ' locaperuolarunt 
 
 ommamundi, 
 Sentiesgratampatriamjtutfy 
 Laudu xternummemorem t cr laboris : 
 Qua tea curafalambque tot urn 
 
 ibit mortem: 
 £>utmdeces omnifiudiofouere 
 Tfaaticum roburjvalidamtfrclaffem. - 
 Hoc lutt quifquts violent us Anglos 
 
 vfferithofiU. 
 . 
 
 ^ In cximium opus R.HAKLVYTide Anglorum 
 
 addifiunftifimMi regtones nautgatiomhus Gvlielmi 
 C a m d e n i Hexafiichon. 
 
 A Nglia qus pcnrttrs toto difcluditurorbe, 
 •*•* Angulus orbis erat,paruus & orbis eiat. 
 Nunc ciini fcpofitos alios dcrexcrit orbes, 
 
 Maxiinus otbis honos,Orbis & orbis crit. 
 At quid Haklute tibi monftranti hare debeat orbis ? 
 
 Laus tua, crede mihi,non erit orbc minor. 
 
 *$DI MARC ANTONIO PIGA- 
 
 feta Gentilhuorao Vicentifto. 
 
 JGnota mifiarei,conpocohonore 
 
 * $epolta neU' ofiure,antiche carte, , 
 
 s'alcun defigli mitt con fie fa & arte 
 
 Hon haueffe horfcoperto ilmiojplendore. 
 Ramufiopriap/eno dardente amore 
 
 iJMantfeflolemiepiurichc parte y . 
 
 Chef on la doue ilMaragnon diparte, 
 
 E doue il Negro aUaga t e'l Gangefcorre. 
 UMijyiopoi/enza verunr/fguardo 
 
 Difatica o didanno accoli ha injieme, 
 
 Cio chapotuto hauer da typhi Ingleji. 
 Onde ve traffic doue bellafgnardo, 
 
 E la Dwina agghiaccia,e tobifieme, 
 
 EtalttimemWimkinonbenpakfi. 
 
 .S r Vll 
 
 . - 
 
 
 f A 
 
 v 
 
f A Catalogue of the Voyages of 
 
 this firfl volume,made to the North and 
 
 Northeaft quarters. 
 
 He yoyage of Arthur K. of Brtt aine to Ifland and the mod Northeaftern 
 partsofEurope,Anno5i7, P a g«*» 
 
 The voyage of OMalgo k'xngof "Britaine to Ifland, Gotland, Orkney, Den- 
 mark[&nd Norway, Anno 580, P a g-3* 
 
 Theconqueft of the Ifles of Ang lefey and Man by Edwin the &mSn» king 
 of Northumberland, Aniio624, 3, 
 
 4 . The voyage of Bertus into /reland,t\nno 684, 4, 
 
 5 The voyage of Otlher to the North pares beyond Norway about the yeere8po« 4. 
 
 6 The fecond voyage of OElher into the Sound of Denmarke. 5, 
 
 7 WolftantNauigationintotheEaftfea,ortheSoundof2)#««»<ir^. * 6, 
 
 8 The voyage of King Edgar with 4000, fhippes round about his large Monarchic, Anno 
 
 P7J. 6* 
 
 9 The voyage of Edmund and Edward the fonnes of King Edmund Irenjide, into Hungary, 
 
 Anno 1017. 9* 
 
 x o The mariagc of the daughter of Harold ynto Ieruflam duke of Ruffia in his ownc Countrey, 
 
 Anno 1067, id, 
 
 1 1 The voyage of a ceruine Englishman into Tartaria, and from thence into Poland and 
 
 Hungary, Anno 1 24 3 . 30. 
 
 I % The long and wondcrfull voyage of Frier Iohn de Piano Carpini,hnao 1 246, 2 1,3 7,5 3 , 
 
 13 TheiournaIlofTrierWffirfw^2^»£r/«'/,Annoi253. 7 i j93» 
 
 14 The voyage of Ntcolaus de Linna&FrancifianFriev , and an excellent Mathematician of 
 Oxford to all the Regions fituatevnder the North-pole, Anno 13 60. 1 21, 
 
 1 j The voyage of Henry Earle of Derby , afterward King of Englandjaio Trufut and Letto, 
 
 Annoij<?o» 122. 
 
 id The\oyioeoiThomasofH'oodfiock,dvkeo!Gloee/ler\ntoPruJJia,Anno 1791. 123. 
 1 7 The voyage of fir Hug h Wtlloughby knight, wherein he vnfortunately perifhed at Arzi- 
 
 na%ec a \x\ Lapland, Anno 1 553, 232, 
 
 X 8 The voyage of Richard Chanceller V&ottmaior, the firfl difcoucrer by fea of the kingdome 
 
 ofMofioma,t\nnoi^^. 237,243. 
 
 19 The voyage of Stephen Burroug h toward the RiucrofO£, intending the difcouery of the 
 
 Northeaitpaffage.Annoi 556, 274. 
 
 ao Thchnd\ngofJ{ichardlohnfon2mongtheSamoeds,Anaoi^6 t 283, 
 
 * I The voyage of the aforefaide Stephen Burrough from Colmogro in Ruffia to Wardhoufe,\n 
 
 fearch ofecrtaine Snglifh fhips not heard-of the yeere before.Anno 1557. 2QCT. 
 
 32 The voyage oftJW.Antbony Ie nkinfon into ft^d.wher.eio Ofep Napea,htl\ Ambaffadour 
 
 from the Empcrourof Mofiouia to Quecnc Mary^zs tranfported into his Countrey, 
 
 Anno 1 557, 310,314, 
 
 23 The voyage of M. Anthony lenkinfin from the Citic of Mofio in Rusjta to Boghar in Ba~ 
 ilria,\nno 1 5 5 8, 3 2 4, 
 
 24 The voyage of M, Anthony lenkinfin through Rmfia, and ouer the Caspian fea into Perjia, 
 
 Anno 150*1. 343, 
 
 25 The voyage of 'Thomas <tAlcock,George iVrenne, and Richard Cheyney, feruants vntothc 
 
 CompanyofM»yZ , o«yMerchantsinLoW(7»,intoi 3 fJ'/?/j,Anno 1 5^3 » 353* 
 
 26 The voyage of 'Richard lohnfon, ^Alexander Kitchin, and Arthur Edwards feruants to the 
 forefaid company into Perfa,hano 1 565, 3 54. 
 
 2 7 The voyage ofThomasSoutham and TohnSparke by land and riuer from Colmogroxo Nouo- 
 
 grod in Rusfia, \nno if 66 t 365. 
 
 28 The voyage of M. A nthony lenkinfin into "Rusfitt the third time,Anno 1566, 372, 
 
 The 
 
A Catalogue of the Ambaflfages, 
 
 29 f be voyage of itArthur Edwards Agent for che Mofcoity company, John Spark?, Laurence 
 Chapman,ChriJlopher Faucet, and r RJ i chardPingle,fauznts, into Perfia,hn.\ 568, 3 89. 
 
 30 The voyage oiTbomas Banifier and Geffrey Ducket, Agents for the Mofcony Company,in- 
 to Perfia the fift time, Anno 1 569* 3 94, 
 
 3 1 The voyage of 'William "Burrough Captaine of I y.Englifb fhips to the Narue'm Liefland, 
 Anno 1 j 70. 401. 
 
 32 Thevoyage of M.nAnthony Jenkinfon\x\\o ^w^vuhe fourth time,Anno I57I. 402. 
 
 33 ThcvoyageofC^n_/?^«-if«rro«fiinto/'«^thefixttimc, Anno 1579. 419. 
 
 34 Thevoyage ofzArthurPet*v\dCharlesIackman } \zm to difcouertheNortheaftfeas be- 
 yond the //WofrkigrfttjAnno 1580. 445. 
 
 3 j Thevoyage of MaRei Ierome Hor fey ouer land from Mofco in Rusfia to England ,Anno 
 
 1584. 469,470, 
 
 3 f5 A voyage to the Northeaft, performed by certaine Rujfes,and tranflated out oiSigifmun. 
 
 dus ab Herberftein. 492, 
 
 37 A voyage to Sibier and the Riuer of Ob, by land , declared in a letter written to Gcrardtu 
 
 Mercator. 5io,5ii,&5i2. 
 
 J 38 Thevanquifhingofthe5J>4»/j7;^r»W.*, Anno^S. 5Pi«l 
 
 2.39 The honourable voyage to Cadiz;, Anno 1 596, 607, J 
 
 3 
 
 ^ The AmbaffageSjTreatifeSjPriuiledges^Letters, 
 
 and other obferuations , depending vpon the 
 Voyages ofthisfirft Volume. 
 
 Woteftimonies ofGalfridns Monumetenfis in bishifloryoftbe ia«g.f o/Brittaine, 
 concerning tbe conquers of King Arthur. pagtnaj. 
 
 tA testimony 0/ IV] .Lamb ard in hu typiM/d*, touching tbe right andappendances of 
 tbe Crowne of the kingdome of Britaine, pag.z. 
 
 zA Chronicle of the Kings of Mm, taken out o/M.Camdens Chorograpbie. 1 0, 
 
 4 the ancient flate of thf flipping of the Cinque Ports. 17. 
 
 y Libellus hiftoricus Iohannis de Piano Carpini, 21, 
 
 6 Tart of the great Charter graunted by K\ng Edward the frit , to the 'Barons of tbe Cinque 
 Ports. "7- 
 
 7 The rolleofthe huge Fteete of Edward the thirde before Caleis. 118, 
 
 8 Thefummeofexpences layde out in thejieg e of Ca\e\s. I2i f 
 p tAnote of Thomas Waifingham/««c^;»^King Edward the tbirde his htgeF/eeteof/ 1 jj. 
 
 jhips,xt>herewithhepajfedouervntoQa\i\5,Anno 1SS9- ' 2I > 
 
 / Certaine verfes 0/Gcffrey Chaucer, concerning the long Voyages, andvaliant exploits of the 
 
 Englifh knigbts in his dayes. 124. 
 
 it AtejlimonieoutofComd\usTac\mt,prouingLondor\tohauebeneafamousMart-tori>nein 
 
 the raigne f 'Nero tbe Emperour. 124. 
 
 12 ^AtefiimonyoutofvenerableBedatproouingLondontohauebenea^itieofgreattrafjquein 
 his time. _ '2f. 
 
 13 The league betweene Carolus Magnus and Offa King ofMerc\a,concernin-g thefafe trade of 
 Englifh Merchants. &W 12?. 
 
 14 sAnancient teflimony tranjlatedout of the oldeSzxon Lawes,conteyning tbe advancement of 
 Merchants ,for their thrice crojfing the wide feas. 1 20. 
 
 if sAteftimony of certaine Priutleges obteined for the Englifh and Danifh Merchants by Canu- 
 tus/Zxf.K'MTfrc/England, I2 &' 
 
 16 TheflourifbingliateofMerchoHdifeinthe City e/London in /W«*/«o/vViIheImusMal- 
 mesburienfis. 227. 
 
 / 7 ttA testimony of the [aid Wil.o/Malmesbury concerning traffque to Briftow in his time. 1 27, 
 
 1 8 The lea/rue betweene Henry the fecond,and Frederick Barbaroffa Emperour of Germany part- 
 ly touching trade of Merchandife. 128. 
 
 19 tAgenerallfafe conduct granted 'by Kinglohn toaliforreine Merchants. t2j. 
 
 20 Tbe letters of King Henry tbe tbird,vnto Haquinus kmg ofNotwcy. / 29,'S<>. 
 
 21 lAmandatc for the king e/Noiway his [hip called,Tbe Cog. 130. 
 
 22 A Char- 
 
Treatifes,Priuile2es,Letters,&c. 
 
 2 
 
 21 s/i Charter granted for the bebalfeof the Merchants of i^okn, in the 20 .jeere of Henry the 
 thirde. 131. 
 
 23 The Charter of 'Lubeck granted for feuenyeeres in the timeof Henry the third. 1 3 1,132. 
 
 24. s/4 Charter of the Merchants of Almaine, or theStdyard-merchants. 1 32, 
 
 2? nAmandate of King Edward tbefirfl concerning outlandish Merchants. 133. 
 
 6 KingEdw.tbefirft his great Chartergranted to forreineMercbants^nnoDom. 1303. 133. 
 
 27 The tellers of 'Edward the fecondvnto Haquinus King of "Norway ^concerning certain Englifh 
 Merchants arreftcd in Norway. 13S. 
 
 2 8 tyinother letter o/Gd w. the fecond vnto thefaid Haquinus/Z>r the merchants aforefaid. 135 . 
 29 ssi third letter of King Edward the fecond to thefaid Haquinus in the behalfe of our Englifh 
 
 merchants. ' 14.0. 
 
 3 1 ny4n Ordinance for the Stable to be holden at one certaine place. 14.2, 143. 
 
 31 n/4 Catalogue of thegreat Mafters o/Pruffia. *44' 
 
 32 The Oration or fpeach of the Ambaffadours fent from Conradus de Zo\ner, Mafter generall of 
 the landof~PtuiT\i,v»toRkhardtbefecond t l>ing of 'England, 148, 
 
 33 (iAn agreement made by the Ambaffadours e/England and Pru(iia } confirmedby k[ng Richard 
 
 the fecond. is ' 
 
 34 The letters o/Conradus de Iung'mgen,Mafter general! of Pruttia ,vnto K'ich.the fecond. is 3. 
 
 35 zSibriefe re/ationofWiUiam Eftunny and lohn K\ngton,concerning their Ambaffagesinto 
 
 Prui'siaandtothe Uzns-townes. 1 S4. 
 
 36 Qertaine Articles of complaint exhibited by the Liuonians. / ffi, 
 
 37 Other complaints exhibitedby the Cities of theDiatM. i<$6. 
 
 3 8 Compoftions and Ordinances concluded betweene the Ambaffadours ofPiuCsh^nd the Chan- 
 
 celler andTreafurer ofEng\and,Anno 1403. / fj. 
 
 39 The letters of the Chanceller and Treafurer of England vnto Conradus de Iungingcn,?w^/?^ 
 generall of Prufsia. Ij3, 
 
 40 The letters of king Henry the fourth vnto Conradus de Iungingen, the mafter generall of 
 Prufsia for enter courfe of 'traffique. ijj. 
 
 41 The letters of Conradus de Inngwgenvnto kingUenry the fourth. 160. 
 
 42 zsfn agreement made betweene king Henry the fourth , <«»d Conradus de Iungingen. / 61, 
 
 43 <^n agreementbetweeneking\\enry thefourtb ) andthe\\an%-townes. 164. 
 
 44 zAtejlimonie out of AlbertusKrantz.ius concerning thefurprife of Bergen inNoivtay, where- 
 
 in 21. boufes of the EngliChmercbantswere burnt. / 6g. 
 
 45 Thegneuances and offences whereat the merchants of the Hans found themfelues aoyieued. 171. 
 
 46 zA letter ofWenxy the fourth king o/England vnto Conradus de \\xng\ngen,Mafter general! 
 
 e/Prudia. 17s. 
 
 47 <tA letterofVJemeheiusdeTettmgen commanderinE]b\ngvntofir\Vi\\\amSturmy Am- 
 baffadour vnto king Henry the fourth : Together with an other letter of king Henry the fourth, 
 vnto Vlricus de Iungingen, mafter of PrutTia. i 7 6. 
 
 48 The lettersof Vlricus de Iungingen maslergenerallofPrurWa,fignifyingvntoking Henry the 
 4,that he was contented with certeine agreements concluded by his meffengers at H a ge. 178. 
 
 49 7 be letters of king Henry the fourth vnto Vlricus de Iungingen, wherein he doth abfolutelj ap- 
 proue the fort -faid conference holden at Hage. 1 70, 
 
 50 <ss4new concord betweene kwg Henry the fourtb,and Vlricus de Iungingen. 1 So* 
 
 5 1 zA 'Charter of king Henry the fourth , graunted in the fifth yeere of his raigne vnto the E ngl i fh 
 
 merchants reftdent in the parts of 'Pruffia, 1 8y. 
 
 52 eyinote touching the mighty Pups of kingticnty the fift, taken outofa Chronicle in theTnniue 
 
 Church of 'Winchefter. 18?, 
 
 53 A branch of a Statute made in the eight yeere of Hejiry the 6. for the trade to Norway,S weue- 
 land,Denmarke dWFinmarke. i8<5. 
 
 54 Another branch of a Statute made in the 1 .yeere of king Henry thefixt concerning theft ate of 
 
 Enghfhmercbants intbe dominions of thekwg o/Denmarke. 1 8<5. 
 
 55 LibellusdepoliriaconferuatiuaMaris. Or ,The pollicy of keeping the Sea. 187. 
 
 56 A large Charter granted by king Edward the fourth yn the fecondyere of his raigne,tothe Eng- 
 
 lifh merchants repdmg in the Netherland, 20 S. 
 
 57 A per fix afion of Robert Thome merchant of Er\{io\ ,and dwelling long ;*SiuiI*'»Spaine, to king 
 
 Henty the eiqfot of noble memory t tofet out and further Tjifcoueries toward the North. 212. 
 
 58 The difcourfe of the forefaid Robert Thome,written to'Doclour Leigh the Kings Ambaffa- 
 dour in Sp aine touching that matter. 214. 
 
 S? A brie ft 
 
A Catalogue of the Ambaflages, 
 
 fp A briefetreatife of the Emperour of Mofcou\a hisgenealogte. 221. 
 
 60 The excellent orders and inflruttions of SebaUian Czbotgiuen to fir Hugh Wdloughby and 
 his Fleet e in their voyage intended for Cathay. 22 6. 
 
 61 The names of 'the IvpelueConnfellers appointed™ /5r Hugh Willoughbies voyaoe. 230. 
 
 62 The letters of king Edward thefixt, written at that time to all the Kings, Trmces, andother Po- 
 
 tentates of the Northeafl. 23 . 
 
 63 The names of the Ships jCaptains,A4ariners,and other offcers ofthatfirfi worthy enterprife. 2$ -r. 
 
 64 The olhemimslredto the Captaine of the Fleet e. 233. 
 6f Theotbeminiflredto theCJTllaflersofthefbips. 234.. 
 
 66 Atefttmome e/Richard Eden, concerning Clement Adams his difcourfe <?/Richard Chan- 
 
 cellors voyage. 242, 
 
 67 The letters of the Smperour ofRum'afent taking Edwardthefixtjy Richard Chancellcr. 255. 
 
 68 Thecoynesjraightsandmea/uresvfedinlXufhz. . 256. 
 
 69 The letters of King Philip W Queene Mary to Iuan Vafiliuich the Emperor tf/Ru(Ii3. 258, 
 
 70 The Commtffion giuen to the merchants Agents refiant in Ruliia, .2/9. 
 7/ The othemwiflredtothe feruants ofthe Moi'comecompany. 262. 
 72 The letter of 'George Kilhngworth the firfl Agent in\\uiX\z,nritten to the Company. 263. 
 j 3 The firfl Prtuileges grannted by the Emperour of Rulfia, to the Englifh merchants, 26 f. 
 
 74 TheCharterofthemerchantsofthe Mofcouie company granted by Queene Mai y. 267* 
 
 75 InflruEltons giuen to the Purfers f the Moi'couic voyage. 273. 
 
 76 The flrangedtfcoe.rfe of 'Richard Iohnlon concerning the Samoeds. 285. 
 
 77 A difcourfe of the honourable recciuinginto England a/ the first Ambaffadour fro the Smperour 
 
 flfRufsia. 185. 
 
 7 8 In flruElions giuen to the t^Maflers and Mariners of the Jbips of the Mofcouie Company, fay ling 
 
 towards the'3 ay of S.Nicolas, Anno 1 ss7- 2 9S' 
 
 7$ <tA letter of the Company cfthe Mofcouie merchants vnto their Agents , George Killing— 
 
 \vorth,RichardGr5y,dWHenry Lane in Ruliia. 297. 
 
 So <</! letter of M.Thomas Hawtreero the Mofcouie Companies Agent M.Henry Lane^Col- 
 
 niogro. 3C2i 
 
 Si iA letter o/M.Richard Gr3y, one of the firfl Agents of the Mofcouie Company 3 toMMcmy 
 
 Lane^rMofco, 3°3« 
 
 52 A letter of Thomas Alcock to M.Richard Gray WHenry Lane^AgentsinMoXcomzfiom 
 Tirw:ll/« Poland. 303. 
 
 53 AletterofM..t\mnonylcn\C\n(ov\vponhis returnefromEoghai toM.HcntyLanerefident i» 
 Vologda. joj. 
 
 t~4 A letter of the Mofcouie Company to their Agents in Ruflia, M.Henry Lane, Chrifiophcr 
 
 Hudlort.andThomzsGloutr/ent in their feuenth voyage to S.Nicolas. 305, 
 
 S f Another letter to the aforefaid parties. 30 S. 
 
 56 Themanerofluflice by lottsin Ruffuwritten by M.Henry Lane. ; op. 
 87 The defer iption of RuHia,jr/7A the cuftomes and maners of the inhabitants. 3 > S* 
 S8 Notesani obferuations gathered by Richard lohnfone/ 'the feuerall wayesfiomRx&ztoQa- 
 
 thay otter-land. $SS» 
 
 $9 A letter o/Sigifmund king o/Polonia 1 5 ^Q.-vnto the Queenes mofl excellent (Jl-faieflie. 337. 
 $o The letters of the Queenes Maieftieveritlen to the Smperour of Ruflia , requeflwg licence and 
 
 fafe-condncl for Anthonie lenk'infonyopaffe through his dominions rntoVezfa. 338. 
 
 Si The Queenes Maiesties letters to the great Sophie o/Perfia^f ^M.Anth.Ienkinfon. 340. 
 
 $2 Inslrulhons giuen by the Couernours and Affiflants of the Mofcouie Company s vnto M.Antho- 
 
 nielenkinlon. ?4'* 
 
 53 The priuileges giuen by Obdoloucan iSf.o/Hircania to the Company of EngWfhmerchants tra- 
 
 ding in Ruliia, obteined by M.Anthony Ienkinfon. 352. 
 
 54 Certaine letters of Arthur Edwards written out c/Ru(Iia,Media,and Perflate the Company of 
 
 the Mofcouie merchants in London. 3 J4>35 5>35^j?^'* 
 
 55 The d'flance of diuers places z»Ru(Tia. 3^3* 
 $6 TherrayanddiJ?ancesjromS.N\co\a.sinRu(flatotheCai\>hnfea. 364. 
 
 57 An Acle for the corporation of merchants Aduenturrers for the difcouenxgofnewe trades, mads 
 
 in the eighth yeere of the Queenes Maieflie. 569. 
 
 58 The priuileges grantedby the Emperour of 'Ruliia to the Englifhmerchants>obteinedbyM.t\n- 
 
 thonylenkhlbn. ?7'» 
 
 s 9 A letter c/M. Henry Lane to M.Richard Hakluyt concerning the firfl Ambeffcgcfom the 
 
 Ruliia a 
 
Treatifes,Priuile";es,Letters,&c. 
 
 Ruffian Emperour to our mofl graciota Queene tlizabcth. 374- 
 
 o o Aletter of her Maieflie,fent bySicphen Twerdico^WPheodata Pogorella, (JWeJfengers 
 
 of the Emperour ofRulha, vnto their mafler. 37 f. 
 
 o i The Ambaffage ofM. Thomas Randolfe Efquier.fiom the Queers Maieflie to the Empe. 
 
 rour o/Ruffi a. 376. 
 
 02 The priutleges graunted to /taEnglifh merchants, at M.RandoIfefey»/<?. 37#> 
 
 os A Commijjion granted by M.Randolfe/ar a difcoueryto the Northeafl byfea. 3 82. 
 
 04 Inilrucltons giuento the difcouerers for that atlion. 383. 
 
 Of Certaine letters inverfe, written out of Mofcouiaj^ M.George Turberuile, Secretary to M. 
 
 Randolfe,?o»f hittg the [late of the Countrey,andmaners of the people. 3 84. 
 
 06 Notes concerning the fourth Engl\(hvoyageintoPci(ii. Z9-' 
 
 07 Obferuations of the Sophy of Pertia,and of 'the Religion of f^u Perfians. 397. 
 
 08 AletterofK\cnixd VfcombeW M.Henry Lane touching the burning ofthedtie of MoCco 
 by the Crimme Tartar. 402. 
 
 op The Ambaffage of M. Anthony Ienkinfon from the Queenes Maieflie to the Emperour of 
 
 Ruffia, Anno 1 ?y 1 . 402. 
 
 10 A brtefe rehear fall of 'all the trauailes of M.Anthony Ienkinfon. 411. 
 
 / / A letter of lames Alday to M.Michael Locke Agent in London for the Mofcouie Company 
 
 touching a trade to be e/lablijhedin Lappia. 41 J. 
 
 12 <tA note of all the necejftry instruments and appurtenances belonging to the killing of the 
 
 Whale. 4'3' 
 
 1^ The depofition of William Burrough to certeine Interrogatories moouedvnto him concerning 
 
 f^NaruerfWKegor. 414. 
 
 14 The reafons of M. William Burrough to diffwade the vfeof a trade to the Nziuebytheway 
 
 through Sweden. , 41c*. 
 
 / / A remembrance of aduife giuen to the Mofcouie merchants, touching a voyage for Cola a- 
 
 bouefaid. 416. 
 
 16 An Epiflle dedicatoricunto the Queenes mofl excellent Maieflie,written bjM.WillbmBut' 
 
 rough. 4 1 /' 
 
 / 7 The Queenes Maieflies letters to Shaugh Thamas the great Sophy ofPerfia. 41 8. 
 
 / 8 The Latitudes and Meridian Altitudes of diners places in Ruffia, fiom the North to the 
 
 South. 4-31. 
 
 iy Directions giuen by M.Richard Hakluyt £fquire,to Morgan Hubblethorne Dier,fint into 
 
 Perfia. 432. 
 
 20 zyi Commifllon giuen by fir Rowland Hey ward knight , and George Barne Aldermen, and 
 gourmours of /6? Mofcouie Company Jo Arthur Pet <W Charles Iackman , for the \difcouery 
 by Sea towards Cathay. 433- 
 
 2 1 "Rules and orders giuen to be obfirued by them in that Difcoftery, 43 j. 
 
 22 BriefeaduiJesgiuenbyM.lohniyeeto thatpurpofe. 437. 
 
 23 InflruUions giuen them by Richard Hakluyt Sfquire to thatpurpofe alfi. 437,43 8. 
 
 24 T/Wf«£."»/Gerard.Mercator/0Richard Hakluyt of Oxford touching that difcouerj. 443. 
 2f Infhittltons giuen by the Mofcouie Company vnto Richard Gibbs , William Biggat,Iohn 
 
 Backhoufe,(jr. Maflersof their fljips. 4^3. 
 
 26 The opinion of M.William Burrough ,fent to a fiend requiring his tudgementfor the fiitefl 
 time of the departure of our fliits toward S.Nicolas in Ruffia. 4JS* 
 
 27 The Queenes Maiefltes Commijfion giuen to fir Ierome Bowes, authorizing him her htgb- 
 neffe Ambaffadour with the Emperour o/~Mofcouic. 45 5- 
 
 2 8 The Qaeenes Maiefties tetters written to the Emperour byfr Ierome Bowes in his commen- 
 
 dation. 4S7' 
 
 2g The dtfcourfe of the nsfmbaffage ofjirlerome Bowes to the aforefaid Emperour. 4^8. 
 
 SO The maner of preferring fuites /»Rufiia. 463. 
 
 31 itsi letter oftA. Henry Lane to M. William Sanderfbn merchant of London, conteyning a 
 
 brief e dtfcourfe of 'a 1 ! things paffed in our Northren dtfeoueries for thefpace ofssyeeres. 464. 
 
 3 2 The mofl folemne and magnificent Coronation of Pheodor Iuanowich Emperour of Ruffia, 
 
 fet downe by M. Ierome Hoifey. 466. 
 
 33 The Primleges graunted by the newe £mperour,totheEne\i{hmerchants,andobteinedbythe 
 forefaidlcromHortey. 47°- 
 
 34 TheasAmbs(rageofi/l.Q\[esI : letcher,Doftor of the Quil laws ,fomheT Maieflie } to the 
 Emperour of 'Ruffia. 473. 
 
 <3S iA-no- 
 
A Catalogue of the A mbaftages,<3cc. 
 
 13 f est ""tithe d.'jcnpt/o>t of t&Miz, 475 &C. 
 
 136 <>/£ jjeciall note gatberedby the excellent Venetian C^/wagrrfp/SwM.IohnBapciftaRaiuu- 
 fius, concerning the Northeaflpttjfage. 49 r. 
 
 137 The Lord, Boris Pheodorowich ins letterto the right bonourableWilWam Burghlcy Lord 
 highTreiifwerofEaoizad, 498. 
 
 J 3 8 The Quemes Maieflte', letterto Pheodor Iuanowich, Emperortr o/Ruflia. 499- 
 
 139 The Chieenes M.tteslies letters to the LordRorls Pheodorowich. 501. 
 
 14.0 TheL.'freafwer/jrWiW'mxi Cecil his letter to the LordBotis Pheodorowich. 502. 
 
 141 ayi letter of Pheodor Iuanowich to the Queenes Maieftie. J02. 
 
 142 iAn other letterto the Queenes moft excellent Mateftie from the Lord Boris Pheodoro- 
 wich. joj. 
 
 143 tAfecond letter from the Lord Boris Pheodorowich /ofieL.WilliamBurghlcy. so 4. 
 
 144 <>A moft gracious letter of Priuileges giuen to the Englifh merchants bj Pheodor Iuano- 
 wich. jos. 
 
 14s The contents of M. Garlands Commiffron vnto Thomas Simkinfon/ar the banging o/M. 
 Iohn D ec to the Smperour o/Ru(1ia his Court. j-o 8. 
 
 146 Alettertotherightworfh,M,l6haDteSfquier i contejnmgthefummeand effeB e/M.Gar- 
 land his meffage. so 8. 
 
 147 A branch of a letter fromlohnlAmck touching the death of Pheodot Iuanowich. s°9* 
 
 148 A learned Epiflle written vnto the famous Cofmographer M.Gerardus Meiatoi,concerning 
 the Countreys, "Betters and Seas, towards the Northeafl. / / 0. 
 
 149 The honourable teflimoniesof diuersftrangers touching the notable difcoueries of the Englifli, 
 made in the Nonh-eaU parts, si 3. 
 
 150 *A briefeCommentarte of the true {late of\Qand, 5I5.&550. 
 iS 1 A letter written by thegraue and learned Gudbran dus Thorlaciu$,5/j&<y ofHolea in Ifland, 
 
 concerning the ancient flate o/Ifland <w«iGronland. 500. 
 
 THE 
 
t^Arthur. The Englifli Voyages,Nauigauons,&c. 
 
 
 THE FIRST VOLVME OF THE 
 
 principall Nauigations, Voyages., Traffiques, ■ 
 
 and Difcoueriesof the Englifli nation , made to 
 theNorth and Northeafl: quarters of the World, 
 
 with the dirc£Uons,letters,pi iuiledges, difcourks, 
 and obferuations incident to the fame. 
 
 Certeine teftimonies concerning K. Arthur and his concjuefts 
 ofthe North regions, taken out of the hiftorieoftheKingsof 
 
 "Brttaine, written by Galfiidus MoKtttnetenfis, Mid newly 
 pnncedat Heidelberge, lAnnoijS-?. 
 
 Lib. 9. cap. I 0. 
 
 (NnoChrifti, 517. Arthi;rus,lecundoregnifui an- 
 no, fubiugatis totius Hybernia? partibus, dallem luam dire- 
 xitin lflandiam,eamquedebelIatopopuIofubiugauit, Exin 
 diuulgatopercajterasinfulasrumore, quod ei nulla Prouin- 
 cia rehitere poterat, Doldauius rexGotlandia?, & Gunfacius 
 
 1 rtxOrcadumvltr6venetunt,prouiifloqueve6tigalilubiedli- 
 oncm fecerunt. Emcnfa deindehyeme, reueriuscftinBri- 
 tanniam, ftatumqueregniinfirmampacemrcnouanSj mo- 
 ram duodecimannis ibidem fecir. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 315 ttjc pere of Cbjitf, 5 1 7. Ittng Arthur tu tTj€ fecotiB pecreof 
 
 Ins reigne . Ijatiins fuboucD all parts of Ireland , faileD tottlj 
 rjis fleet into Ifland , anb b?ougbt it ano tlje people thereof bnber bis fubicction. IWje rumour af« 
 tertoaros being fpjcnb tho^otoout all tlje other UKlanos, thatno cottntrep tpasablctotuitbttanw 
 ftim,Doldaiiius t^efeing of Gotland, anriGunfaciustljc king ef Orkney, tame boluntarilpbrita 
 fcim,anb peeloeo bint ttjeir obebience, piomiCng to pap rjtm tribute, ^be Wintet being fpent,rje 
 returnee into Briiaine, anbettabUfljitigbiskingDorne in perfect peace, be conttnueb there fojtbe 
 fpaceofttojelueperes, 
 
 Lib.$cap.i2. 
 
 MI (lis dcinde in diuerfa regna Legatis, inuitantur tam ex Gallij's, qua m ex collatetalibus 
 Infulis Oceani 5 qui ad curiam venire deberent,&c. Et paulo poft : Ex collaterahbus au- 
 tem Infulis, Guillaumurius rex Hyberniar, Maluafius rex Iflandise, Doldauius rex Gotlandia?, 
 Gunnafius rex Orchadum, Lot rex Noruegiar, Afchilius rex Danorum. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 Ajfter- that king Arthur fentu'ng bis mctTengers into ciuerg kingbomes,be fummtmcti fucfj as 
 toere to tome to bis Court,aft»ellout of France, as outoftbeaoiacent 31 llanos of tbe fea,$c. 
 anb a little after t JFrom tbofe aoiacent 3jflanos came Guillaumurius king of Ireland , Maluafius 
 bingoflfland, Doldauius king of Gotland, Gunnafius king Of Orkney, Lot tbe king Of Nor- 
 way^ Afchilius tlje king of Denmarke. 
 
 Lib.$ cap. 19. 
 
 AT reges externum Infularum, quoniamnonduxerantin morem equltes habere, pedi- 
 tes quot quifque debebat, promittun t,i ta vt ex fex Infulis, videlicet, Hyberoia^lflandix, 
 Gotlaiidi£,Oicadum,Noruegis,atque Dacia?jfexics viginti milliaeflens annumeiata, 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 The 
 
The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, f^. Arthur. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Btat tbe kings of tbe otbet gHanos, becaufe it teas not tbeir cuflome tob?eeo bp bo?r«,p?mni« 
 fco the King as manp footmen.as euerp man Uias bounb to feno : To tbat out of the fir Jflanos, 
 liamclp, of Ireland, Ifland, Gotland, Orkney,Norway, ant) Denmarke, tbe king Jj* C^re fcoje 
 tboufano ft turners fint Ijim. 
 
 A teftimonie of the right and appendances of the crowne of 
 
 the kingdomc ofBritaine, taken o ut of M. Lambard 
 
 his A'fKf^mjMi, fol, 137 . pag. x. 
 
 ARchurus qui fuit quondam inclytiilimus Rex Britonum, vir magnus fuit & animofus, & 
 miles illultris. Parum fuit ciregnum iftud, non fuit animus eius cbntentus regno Britan- 
 nia?. Subiugauit igitur fibi ftrenueScantjam rotam,qua? niodo Norweia vocatur,& omncs in- 
 fulasYltraScantiam, fez, Iflandiam, &Greulandiam, qua: funt de appendicijs Norweia?, & 
 Suechordam, & Hyberniam,&Gutlandiam, 8cDaciam,Semclandiam, Winlandiam, Cur- 
 Iandiam,Roe,FemeIandiam, Wirelandiam, Flandriam, Cherelam, Lappam, &omnes alias 
 terras & infulas Orientalis Oceani vfque Rufliam (in Lappa fcilicet pofuit Orientalem mctarn 
 regni Brkannia?) & multas infulas vltra Scantiam,vfque dum fubScptentrione,qua? funt de ap- 
 pendicibus Scantia?, quxmodo Norweia vocatur. FucruncautemibiGhriftianiocculte. Ar- 
 thurus autemGhrillianusopcimusfuit, & fecit eos baptizari, & vnum Deumpertotam Nor- 
 wciam venerari, & vnam fidem Chrifti femperinuiolatamculioditej&fufdpere. Ceperunc 
 vniuerfi proceres Norweia? vxores fuasdenobili gentcBritonunitemporeillo, vndeNorwe- 
 gienfes dicunc ie exijffe de gentc & fanguine regni hums. Impetrauit enimtcmporibusillis 
 Arthurus rex a domino Papa,& a Curia Romana,quod confirmata fit Norweia,in perpetuum 
 corona? Bntannixmaugmentum regni huius.vocauitqueillam diclus Arthurus Cameram Bri- 
 tannif.HacverodecauladicuntNorwegienfeSjfcdebere in regno iftocolmbitare&dicuntfe 
 efic de corpore regni huius/cilicet de corona Britannif. Maluerun't enim manere in regno iftc, 
 quam in terra eorum propria. Terra enim eorum arida ell, & montuofa, & fterilis, & non funt 
 ibi iegetes nifi per loca.lfta vero opulenta cft,&fcrtilis,& crefcunt hie fegetes,& cartera vniuer- 
 fa. Qiiaexcaufafa?piuspervicesgcttafuntbella atrocifllma inter Anglos & Norwegienfes, 
 & interfe&i funt innumerabiles. Occupauerunt verd Norwegienfes terras multas & infulas 
 regni huius.quas adhuc detinent occuparas.nec potuerunt vnquam pofteapenitus euelli. Tan- 
 dem modo confedcrati funt nobis fide, & facramento, & per vxores fuas, quas poftea cepe- 
 runtde fanguine noftro, & peraffinitates, & coniugia. Itademumconftituit, & eis conceflit 
 bonus rex Edouardus propinquus nofter (qui fuit optimus filiuspacis) per commune confili- 
 um totius reoni. Qua decaufapoflenr,& debentpredifti de ca?tero nobifcum cohabitare,& 
 icmanere in regno,ficut coniurati ftatresnoftri. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 ARchur toujicbtoas fometfatess tbemotr retwtomeb kingof t&elSjitainjt, teas a migbtic, ano 
 baliantman.anoafamouStoartiour.^ljishingbonwtoaistooIitlefoMjim^bisiminDetoasf 
 not eontenten toitb it. ^e tbctefoje baliantlp fubtmeb allScantia , tohicb is noto calleo Norway, 
 ann all the aflanDSbfponbNorway.toioit.IflandanD Greenland, lubiti) we appfrteiningbnto 
 Norway ,S weueland,lreland, Gotland, Denmarke,SemeIand,Windland,Curland, Roe, Fe- 
 meland,Wireland,Flanders, Cherilland, Lapland, anD all tbe otber lanOS f Jflamwf of tbe <£aff 
 fea.euenbntoRuflia (in tobicb Lapland be placeo tlje eaaerfpuounogofbisEMttiu; Empire) 
 ano manp otber attains bepono Norway, euen imber tbe 5$o?tb pole, to&iclj areappenoances of 
 Scantia,noto calleo Norway.-Ebefe people toere totlD ano fauage,ano bao not in tljem tbe loue of 
 (Son no? of tbeir neigbbo?s,becaufe all euiil commetb from tbe j3o?tb,pet tbere toere among tbem 
 certeine Civilians liuing in fecret. 15ut king Arthur toas an crcecoing good Cbnttian , anb cau» 
 feb tbem to be baptijeb, atm tboptoout all Norway to too jftjip one (Sob, ann to receiuc ano fccepe 
 inuiolablp fo? euer, fattb in Cb?itt onelp, 9 1 tbat time all tbe noble men of Nor way toohc unties 
 of tbe noble nation of tbe ^?itaine0,U)bereupon tbe Norfes fap,tbat tl;ep are nefecnoeo of tbe race 
 ano blooo of tbie feingoome. ^Lbeafo^efapD king Arthur obteineo alfo in tljofe bapes of tbe l^ope 9 
 court of Rome, tbat Norway fijoulD be fo? euer annereo to tbe crotone of Britainc fo? tbe im>ge« 
 mentoftljiskingtiome , annlje calleo it tbecbamberof15jitaine. fo? tbtstatife tbe Norfes fop, 
 tbattbepougbtto DtoelltoitbbsintbiskingDome, touitt, tbattbepbelongtotbetrotDneofTB?!' 
 taine : to tbep b«> ratber dw ell bere tben in tbetr ouwe natiue rountrep , Wfy 9 "?" a" f ul1 of 
 c mountnineu, 
 
Aialgo aud Sdmn. TrafBques.and Difcoueries. 3 
 
 mountaines, ano barren, anb no graine growing there, but in certeine places, T5vi this eouncrep 
 of I3?itaine is fruitf ull, Uotjcrctn come anb all other gooo thing? Do groin anb increafe : fo? tubicb 
 caufe maup crucll battels bauc bene oftentimes fought bettoirt tbe CEhgliujmen anb the people of 
 Nor way,anbinBnice numbers of people baue bCHeflaine,$ the Norfcs bane pouefTeb manpIanbS 
 ano Jflanos of tbi3 Cmpire, toljicb bnto tljis bap tbep Doe poffeffe , neitber roulo tijep ettcr aftct« 
 toaros be fullp crpellrb. TSut nob) at length tljep are incomojatcb toith bs bp tlje emitting of our 
 religion ano Cacramcnts.ani) bp taking toiues of our nation,anb bp affinitie.anb manages, JFoj fo 
 tbe gooo "King Edward (bubo iuas a notable mainteiner of peace) ojoeinebanogranteDbntotbcm 
 bptbegenfrallconfciTtcfibctcbolchingbome.fotbattljepeoplcmap.anDougbtfrombcnccfoojtrj 
 bUiell ano rcinainc in this kingoome truth bs as our louing fiuome bjeebjen. , . 
 
 A teftimonie out of theforefayd GalfridusMbnumetenJts,conccr- 
 ning the conquefts of Malgofcing of England. Lib.i i. cap.j. 
 
 SlS£y5j! Oniporio fuccelfit Malgo, omnium fere Britannijepulcherrimiis,muItorum tyran- 
 /^vS/TV norum dcpulfor, robuftus arinis, largior ceteris, & vltra modum probitate pracla- 
 fTrMs^rus, Hie ctiam totam Infiilam obtinuic, & fex conprouinciales Oceani Iufulas: 
 •*^'^HyberniamvideIicet,atquelflandiam,Gotlandiani,Orcadcs,Nomegiam,Daciam, 
 adiccit dirifllmis praslijs poteftati fua:. 
 
 The fame in Englifii. 
 
 MAIgo Cuccrebcb Vortiporius tobttb mas the goobliefl man in perfoti of all Britaine, a pjince 
 that crutuTeb manp tpjants. l)i toas flrong anb baliant in luarre,taller then moll men that 
 thcnliurb, aiibercecotng famous fe? his bertucs. ^bis king alfoobtcineb the gouernmentoftlje 
 tohoie'SOianbofBritainejanobpmoftujarpebattailesherccouercDtohisCmpiretljeitreainanBis 
 of the SDccan fea,rohiclj before hao bene mnbe tributaries bp king Archur,namclp Ireland,lfland, 
 Gctland,Orkney, Norway, anb Denmarke. 
 
 The conqueft of the Ifles o$^nglefey and Man by Edwin the * 
 
 £4x0/2 king oiNortbumberlandwtitten in the fecond. Bookc 
 
 and fife Chapter ot'Beda his Eccleiiafticall hiftorie 
 
 of che Englifh nation. 
 
 S^DuinusNordanhlimbrorumgentis , id eft, eiusqusadborealemHumbriflurninis 
 g^plagam inhabitat, maiore potentiacuncKs qui Bricanniam incolunc, Anglorum 
 * ipanter& Britooum populisprsfuit, pranerCantuarios tantum, necndn&Mena- 
 uiasBritonuminfulas, qua; inter Hibcrniam & Bricanniam ilea: funt, Anglorum 
 fubiccit poteftati. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 ED winding of tlje people of Northumberland, tfjat is to fap , of tfjcm tobitfj inhabit to the 
 jftsjtboftheriuctHumber.being of greater autbo?itietr)enanp other potentate in the tohole 
 3Iflc of Britame, bare rule af well ouer the uEnglifb as tbe TBjitiib nation, erccpt onelp thepeople 
 of Kent : mho alfo bjougbt in fubiection bnoer the dEiigiiuj, tlje 31 to of Man anb Anglefey, arm 
 the other tfloj tbbciettcrne afleg of the T> jitons, luhich are fit uate bcetueene Britaine anb Ireland. 
 
 Another teitimonie alledged by <Beda to the fame 
 purpofe. Lib. 2. cap. p. , 
 
 ANnoabincarnatione Domini iexcentefimovicefimoquarto,gensNordanhumbrorum, 
 hoc eft, ea natio Anglorum qua: ad aquilonarem Humbri fluminis plagam habitat, cum 
 rege fuo Eduino, verbum fidei (prasdica nte Paulino, cuius fupra meminimus) fufcepit : cui vi- 
 delicet regiin aufpicium fufcipienda: fidei, & rcgni ccelellis poteftas, & terreni creuerat impe- 
 rij :itavt (quod nemo Anglorum ante eum fecit) omnesBritannisfines, quavelipforumvel 
 Britonum Prouincia: habitabantur, fub ditionc acceperit. Quin& Menauiasinfulas (ficutSi 
 fupra docuimus)imperio fubiugauit Anglorum, Quarum prior qua? ad auftrum eft,& fitu am- 
 phor, & frugum prouentu atque vbertaie fcelicior, nongentarumfexaginta familiarum men- 
 furam 3 iuxtaa:ftimationem Anglorum, fecunda trecentarum & vkra fpatium tenet, 
 
 A a Tne 
 
4. TheEngli(liVoyages,NLauigations ? 'Bertus. 
 
 The lame in Englifli. 
 
 133 tfjc pcerc from tljc titcdrnatton ofourlojo, GrebunDjetljttoenticanbfoure, tlje people 6T 
 Northumberland, tobiit, cljcfe €ngli(b people toljicbinljabit ontbej3o?tbu"Dcofr.bentterof 
 HumberjtojetljertoitljtOcirkingEdvvi^actljeCl^iflianp^eacbtnganDperftoafionofPaijhnus 
 abcuc mciutoneD,emb?aceJi tlje (Sofpel. Slnber toljicb Ring.afcer Ije ban once acccptco of tlje Cnj> 
 fltan faitb.tlje potnerbotlj of tbe beaucnlp $ of bis eartblptungDometoas mlargeo ; infomucIj,tbac 
 be(to!jicb no <£ngliQj king Ijao Done before bim) bjougljt bitter bis fttbiection all tlje p?otttnces of 
 Britame.tDbtcb mere inljabiceo ctttjer up tbe <£ngliflj men tljemfelucs, o? bp tbc 1$ jitons, 2©o?eo« 
 ner,bc fitbaitcD bnto cfjc crotune of Cnglanb (as toe bane abouefigmfieb)cbe Hebrides,ccmmon« 
 ' Ip calico tbc £® eftcrne 3iflancs. %\)t p?incipall lutjeiof being mojc commoDiouflp ano pleafantlp 
 feateD totoarps tlje feotttb, ano mo ?e abounbingtuilj cometben t!j: reft, conteiuetlj accojoing to 
 tbe ettimation of the Cngliuj, rcome enouglj foj o<5o, famiIicg,anD the fecono foj 5 oo.ano abouc. 
 
 The voyage odBertuSj generall of an armic fent i nto Ireland by 
 
 EcfriduiVmg oil^orthumberland, in the yere of our Lord 684, 
 
 ouc of the 4. BooKe and 2 6, Chapter oCBeda his 
 
 Ecdefiafticall H> (tone. 
 
 Nno Dominica: incarnationis fexcentefimo oitogefimo quarto, Ecfridus rex 
 
 Nordanhumbrorum,miflo Hibeniiam cum excercitu duce Berto,vaftauit mi- 
 
 1 fere geniem innoxiam , & nationi Anglorum femperamiciiTimam , ita vt nee 
 
 ecclefijs quidem autmonafterijs manusparcerethoftilis. At in(ulani& quan- 
 
 > turn valuere armis armarepellebant, 5c inuocantes diuinatauxiliumpietatis 
 
 ccElitus fe vindicari continues diuimprecationibus poftulabant, Etquamuis 
 
 maledici regnum Dei poffidere non poflint, creditum tamen eft, quod hi qui medio impieta- 
 
 tis iuae maledicebanrur, ocyus Domino vindice,pcenas fui reatus Iuerent. 
 
 The fame i n Englifli. 
 
 IJI5 tbe peere of our lojo 684, Ecfrid tljt king of jt5o?tl;umberlanti fent raptainc Bert into Ire- 
 land toutlj anarmie , tobicb Bert miferablp toatteD tljat innocent nation being atoapes niod 
 frtcnolp bnto tbe people of Cnglano, infomucb trjat tbc furp of tbe enemp fparco neitijer cljurcljes 
 no?monafierics» Cpotobtittbe3flanDerstotbeirpotoerrcpelleDatmestiiitb amies, ants crauing 
 ®oos ato from beatten toitb continttall imprecations anD rurfes.tbrp plcaoeD fo? reuengc. 9 no al» 
 beit curfeb fpeakerg can h^ no meanes tnrjectt tljf iingnome of <6od, it taas tbougljt nottijithfiati* 
 Ding, tbattbcptobicbtoereaccurfeefo? tbeir impictp bio not long efcapetljebengeanceofiSon 
 imminent foj tbeir offences* 
 
 The voyage o£08her made to theNortheaft parts beyond 
 Norway, reported by himfelie vnto o^fa</ the famous 
 
 kingof Eng/and, about theycre 800, 
 
 \ Cther faio, tbatthe countrep tuljereinhe trtnclt toas calico Helgoland. O&her 
 
 toltie bis lo?o Ring Alfred tbatbe smelt furtrjcfl ji2o?tb of anp otljrr Norman, 
 
 yfyz fapo tbat be btoelt totoaros tbe jftojtbpart of tbelanbtotoaro tbe MeQ 
 
 j coaS : anb affirmeB thai tbe lano^ottoitljflanDing it ttretcbetljmartteilous farce 
 
 ' totoarDs tbc 5i5ojtb , petit is all Defect ano not inljabiteo , bnleffe it be bcrp felu 
 
 bpmmtms'f ' lssm Zim6?^ piaces.bcre anb tljere.tobere certeinc 3f innes Dbcell bpon tbc coatt, \ubo hue bp 
 
 fiiSmg. bunting all tlje S^inter, ano bp fiCbing in g>umnter. i)e faio tljat bpon a certcine time be fell into 
 
 afantanea:iDBeGretopjooueanDKnotobo&> farce tbatlano flretcbcb )(2o?tbb)aro , ano tobetfeet 
 
 tbcre toere anp babitation ofmen .Oo?tb beponn tlje Defect. (GUIjerettpon be Cooke bis bopage Dt» 
 
 rcctlp j^o?tb along tbe coaff , bauingbpon bis fleereboo^D altoapes tbeoefert Ianb, anDbuontbc 
 
 leereboo?btljemaine©cean: anb continueb bis courfcfojtbefpaccof 5,bapes. 3I«bJljicbfpace 
 
 «rtjc place totii- be teas come as far totoaros tlje j!5 oitb.as rommonlp tlje tobale bunters bfe to traucll. 52ltjence 
 
 hum' 1 " m T & e P?°ce eDcl ' i n W a coutfe fl ' H tebjarns tlje 33o?tlj fo f acre as Ije teas able to faile in otber % .bapes. 
 
 unit" 8 tM * 9 1 t|e enb bobereof beperceiueo tljat tlje coaft turneD totoaros tlje <£afl, 0? els tbe fea openeD toitb 
 
 amainegulfeintotbelanb, beRnetonotbobifarre. eBellbebaiGanbremembjeb, tbatbetoas 
 
 fainetottaptillbebaDaaBeaeriietoinDC,anDromebJbat59ojtberIp : ano ttjencc Ije fallen plaine 
 
 eattalongtfje coaHaillfo far as be toas able m tbe fpace of 4,bapes. at tljeeno of botjiclj time be 
 
 teas 
 
 FpnntBtiiie 
 
,, i i ip. II ■■" '•• I ' 
 
 Offloer. TratFiques,anci Diicouenes. 5 
 
 faa» coinueiieo agame cu u>ip tiii ije ijad a tuil ,itfo?tueiip totnoe , to?umuicb .is tbe roaft t.otofa 
 tljcr.cc oircctlp totoatDS tlje !§>otub , o? at Ieatt toife tlje fea opcnco into tlje laso be coulo not tell 
 Ijoto farce : fa tljac (je faileD tljeuce along tlje coaff continuallp full 3a>outlj, fo fare as ije cgsiIb tra= 
 uaile in 5. capes ; anD at tlje Bftij oapes cnD Ijc oifcoucreD a nrigljtie niter tohidj cpeiuo wrp farre J^ ™ cr h R f 
 into tlje lanD. Sit tlje entric of toljicb litter Ijc dapctj I>ts courfe , anemcqnriufiontttrncD batkea* u^aD"'" ' 
 gaine, fo? be DticlS noc cntcc tljeccinto fo?fcare oftbe mbabttatttsofdjsianB : patenting that oa 
 tlje otljer f:oe of cljeriucr tlje cotmtrep toastljo?otolp tuljabttcD : toijtclj toag tlje firfi peoples lano 
 tljac Ije IjaD founo ftnee !jis orparturc from bis ottmeotoellmg: toljcrcas continually tijo?otoouca!l 
 Ijis uopage, Ije baD euermo?c on tj:0 tteercboo?D, a toilDernEffeaiiti Cffert cotuure p, except tijat in n a«feri town- 
 feme places, Ije fato afctu SGjerSjfotoUrc, ano banters, tobiclj lucre all ffptincs : ano alitftctuap Jinnee. 
 Upon Ijts Ieercboo?o toas tlje mainc ocean, ^be Biarmes Ijan inljabitcD anD tilleti tljeir couutrep Biaimb. '■ 
 inoifferenc tocll, nottoitb&inDing be toas afrapes to go open fljo?e , H5ut tlje couutrep of tlje Ter- to ynn "' 
 fynncs lap all toaffe, ano not inljabitce, crccpt tt lucre, as toe Ijaue fapo.toljn'f asfiujciico cciccins 
 ijunters, fotolers, anQfiQjcrs, CbclSiarmestolDe Ijimamimbcrofflojics bod) of tbeir otrne 
 cotmtrep , ano of tijc countrepes noiojmtng. lOotobeit, Ijc kneto net, no? coulo afftnnc ar»p tiling 
 fo?ccrtcmctrttctb : fo?fomucbasbetoas uotupor lano, no? fato anj'pritclfe. "Eljisouclplje 
 tuogeo, tbattbejrpnncsanBlSiarmcsfpeakebut one language, 'ClicpjincipnUpurpofeofins *>*SNhr» 
 traueiletljistoap, toast'oencreafe tlje kuotolcoge ano oifcouene of tbefsiuaiisanDcouutrtpcs, Q?cnfceoii^aro 
 fo? ttjc nw?e cammooitic of fifljuig of | bojfctoljales, toljiclj banc in tijetr te ctljuoiics 0! great piice ?^ 5 ^ ol!rts 
 ano etcellencie : tobcreof be bjougljt fome at Ins return? unto tlje king, Cijeir f Kmhes arc alfo itjc'r una It' 
 uerp gooD to make cables fo? Djippes, attti fo bfc D. "SLljis kinoe of toljaie is nuiclj leffc in quanttrie g^J» fmi . 
 tljcn otber ktnjies.ljatnng not in icngtljabottc fcuen elks, 3nD as fo? tijc common feino oFtDbalcs, rTs Wniwfpt 
 tbcplaceofmoGanobeSljunttrigoftljeiMistnijisoUiactouiurcp ; toljcrcoffomcb£48, cllcsof cMts - 
 iengtlj , ano foiiK 50, of toljtcb. fo?t Ijc affirmeD tbat be btmfelfc ttas one of tlje Gre , ttbtc!) in tlje 
 fpacc of 3 . oaves ktlleD tb?ccfco?e. $?e toas a man of crcceotng tocaltlj in fucij riclics,to!jcrcin tlje 
 tocaltbof tijat counttepDotlj conftfl, St tijc fame time tljat Ijc came to tlje king, bebao of Ijis otenc 
 tytcti 600, tame Decrc,of tbat kmw tobiclj tljep call Kane Dccie : of t!jc tobteb number 6,uierc §!rc |?"' !1,8t 9 
 Gall Kane Deere, abeaSofgrcatDalue, ano marueilouapeftecmeti among ilje jfpttnes, fp?t!jat taiIlcE) " K - 
 iBitlj tbem tliep catclj tbe toilee Kane Deere, l)e toas amongtbc cljicfc nun of Ijts countre v one t 
 ano pet be ban but ao,kine, ano 2o,fuiine, ano tljat little tobiclj tje ttlko,ljetiIlto it all toitijbo?- 
 "fes, ^Ijctc p?incipall toealtlj confittctlj in tbe tribute toljiclj tlje jFpnncs pap tljem , tobiclj is all in ^0 C iFpniw* 
 f kinnes of tofloe beads, featljers of biros, toljalcboncs,ano cablcs,an3 tacklinp fo? Ibippes itiajDe tllbmc * 
 ofCailjaleso?^ealesfktnnrs, Cucrpmanpapetbacco?Ding to bis abilitic. iil-Oe rtciicltpap oj= S^-ou. 
 Cinarilp 1 5. cafesof patterns, 5,KaneDeeret'kinnes,antionel5care, ten buftelsof featljers, .jafiicrflf 
 a coat of a I3earcs f kimie, ttoo cables ty?ccfco?e ellc.5 long a piece, tlje one mace of QTlijalcs fkin, aejatco ana 
 tbe otber of Scales. s«ate*.aiiu& 
 
 ^)efapa, tljat tlje cotmtrep of Norway toas berp long anoftnatl. S>o muc^ oftt as ct'tfjrr bca= Mwtp^isn 
 retbanpgooopafiurc, o?mapbettUeo, lictb Upon tlje ^cocoaS, tobiclj nottoitbfanDinginfome ofNlima! '- 
 places tstterprockie ano Gonte:anoall (Caflujaro, all along againfttije itHjabiteolanD.lietotlcc 
 ano ijttge IjiHes ane mountaines, tobiclj are in fome places iuljabiteD bp tlje f pnncs, 'Slje inljai3i= 
 tco lano is b?oaoeft cotoaro tlje s§>outlj , $ tbe fttrtljcr it ft retcbetb totoaras tlje j^o?tb, it grotocdj 
 cuermo?e fmaller ano fmallcr. ^otoaros tlje ^outlj it ispcraouenture t!j?ecfco?e milts in b?eotlj 
 0? b?oaocr in fome places : about tlje miooeG, 5 o, miles 0? abottc , ano totoaros tlje i : 5o?tij toljcr-e 
 ttisfmallefl, beaffirmetljt!j5titp?ottctljnot tlj?ee miles from tlje fera to tlje mountaines. ©je ,_ 
 mountaines be in b?eabtlj of fuclj qusntitie, as a man is able to tratteile otier in a fo?tnigljt, ano in mm&m 
 fotneplaces no mo?c cben map be traueileo in fire napes, Kigbt oueragainl! tbis lano,in tlje otfjer of Norway. 
 fioeof tlje mountaines, fometoljat totoaros t'je&outlj, lictljSwcthland, ano againfltJje lame to= swetbund. 
 •toarostlje^tb, lictlj Queencland, Hlje ilucenesfonvtimcspaiTiiigtbcm;;tint5fnts,i!tt!atie Qucendand. 
 ano fpoile tlje «2o?mans t ano on tlje ccsiu-arp part, tlj? j3o?mans Itfeetotfe fometimes fpoile tljeir 
 couittrep. Smong tbe matmtaines be manpano great lakes in fuiiD?p places of frefljtoater, into 
 tlje tobiclj tbeHucencs bfc to carte tfjeic boatsupon tljeir backs outr Ianu.ano tljerebp inuaoc ano aBoaeacarttb 
 fpoile tbe comurep of tbe Normans, &gcfe boats of tlj;irs be Uerp little ano uerpligljr, tmmiatasxp, 
 
 The voyage ofOBber out of his countrey ofHalgoland into the 
 
 found oiDctmiarke vnto aport called Hetha, which 
 
 feeme th to be fVifmer or Roftorke t 
 
 OCther fapo tljat tlje couutrcp toljerein be otoclleo, toas calico Halgoland : ano arnVmec tbat 
 tl;cre toas no man Dwelling totoaros tbe #to?tlj from Ijim, from tljis cotmtrep totoaroa tlje 
 
 ; 3 3 fi>£!HS&. 
 
(sri.itmgat. 
 
 3tlCCilKtlltO 
 
 be About Elfcn- 
 boi«. 
 
 3Thc BcftiiptK 
 
 onnfclicfoiniB 
 Of Dcnmaike. 
 
 GotlanJ, 
 
 VsnJals. 
 
 Ht-ha but tU)0 
 
 capes uplmg 
 fromSdand. 
 3c (ctllKSt) to 
 lie VVitmct o J 
 Roltocke. 
 
 D tPltlltn tftt 
 foimD of D;n- 
 
 nijtkc. 
 
 Bargcnland.O] 
 Bomholme. 
 
 WixeIi0tberi< 
 uectttftfAllctg 
 into the feabp 
 
 Dantzig. 
 
 j|ffil,Pnjflia. 
 
 Frafo. 
 
 \\SDl, Lituanu. 
 
 ■Itiebtfcripti' 
 ottof Eaftlaod. 
 
 !>@,ircs milke a 
 ebuftDiinhe. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Woijlan . 
 
 g>outb,tbcre is a certEtnc \ port caileo Settings ljati,ruljttljcr,be fapth, tljat a man tuaa not able to 
 faile in a moneths fpace.if be lap frill bp nigljt.aletjausi) be bao euerp cap a full toino?. 3no be (ball 
 fatleallthetoap along tlje coatf, batting on bis fleerebooro, licit Iutland ano the Jiflanostobicblie 
 bettoirt this countrcp tjlutland, (till along the coaftof tin's countrep, till be come toScirings ball, 
 batting it on his larboojo. Sit Scirings ball there entretb into tlje Janb a mniae gtilfe of tljc !§>ea, 
 tobicb is (a broao,tbat amaneannotlec oucr it: ano on the otherftoe agatnff the fame, is Gotland, 
 anotbenSilland. 'Sbisfca flretchethmanp bunoreth miles bp into tl;e lane, jfrom Scirings ball 
 befapotbathcfailebiny. bapestotheporttohicbis caileo Hctha, toljtc^ Itetb bcctuinrc clje coun> 
 triesofj Wendels, Saxons, anb Angles, tobereunto it is ftibiect. 3nbasIjefaileD tbitbertoard 
 from Scirings ball,be ban Upon bis fleerebooro Denmarke.anD on bis Ieereboojo clje maine fea,fo? 
 tljefpaceof ^oapes : ano 2.oapesbefore,he arriueo in Hctha, be ban Gotland onleerboojo.ano 
 Silland.iuitb fitters other 3 llanos, 31n that countrep otoeltCngliuj men, before crjcv came into 
 tbis lano.SinD tbefe 2,oapes &e bab bponbis leerbooro tlje 31flanos tljat are fttbiect to Denmarkc. 
 
 VVolttans nauigation in the || Eaft Tea, from Hetba to Trufco, 
 which is about Dantzig. 
 
 Olflan fapo, trjatlje or partes from Hetha, ano arriueo at Tmfco, in the fpacc of 
 7.oapc0,ano 7,nights : Duringtoljich time, bis fbippekept Ijer courfecontinu' 
 allpbnoer faile, 911 tbis bopage Wenedland map Qillbpon bis £fecrboc?o,ana 
 
 on btS lecrboOJD toaS Langland,L ayland, Faltfcr, atlb Sconie : all tobirlj COUtt" 
 trepes arefubiect to Denmarke. Upon bis Iccrbcojo alfo, toasBargenland, 
 tobicb bath a priuatc king, bnto inborn it is fubicct, patting left Bargenland,be 
 paffeb bp BIckingie, Meere, Eland ano Gotland, batting tljcm on bis leerbooro ; all tobicb coun« 
 trcps are fubiect to Sweden : anb Wenedland toas all tbe toap bpon bis flcerboojo,bntil be came 
 to Wixel mouth. Wixel is a berp great riuer tobicb runnctb along bettoirt Witland anb We- 
 nedland. Widand is apperteining to the Cautrlings : ano the riuer of Wixel runnctb out of 
 | Wenedland into Eaftmeere, tobicb Eaftmeerc is at ttjcIeaQ i 5. mileSin breaoth. djerertm» 
 netb alfo another riuer caileo lllingfrom the <£ all, ano falletbtnto Eaftmecre,out of another lakt 
 bpon the banhejtoberctipon is Ctuateo Frufo. g>o tbat Ilfing comming out of J] Eaftland.ano Wi- 
 xel out of Wenedland,fallbotb together into Eaftmeere,ano tbere Wixel oep?iuetbIffing of bt« 
 name, anb runneth thence ftHefl tj 3l2ortb into the fea ; tohereof the place is caileo Wixelmouth. 
 Eaflland isaberp large lano, ano there be manp cities anb totonestoitbin it , anotneucrpone 
 ofthemisaking : toherebp there is conttnuallp among tljem great fltife ano contention, Z\im 
 is great plentie of honpauoft&j. 
 
 Cbetoealtbiefl men orinkecommonlp Scares niflftc , ano the poo?e people anb flattesmeabe, 
 cljere is no ale b?etoeo among tlje eaCerlings ,but of mean there is plentie. 
 
 The nauigation of King Edgar , taken out ofFlorenttus 
 
 Wigornienjis, Houeden, and M. Dee his difcourfc of 
 the Biittilh Monarchic, pag.54,55,&c. 
 
 ' i£auc often times (fapo he) anbmanptoapesIooReotntotljelfatcofeartrjIpfeing' 
 > oomes,generallp the tobole toojlo ouer (as farre as it map be pet knotoen to €\}}i> 
 >flianmencommonIp) ueingafluoieof no great oifficultie, but ratberapurpofe 
 fometohat anftoerable to a pcrfectCofmographer, to finoe fjimfelfe Cofmopoli- 
 ^Ites,aciti5enanomemberofthetoboleanDonelponempmcallcitiebniuerfall,anij 
 fo confcquentlp*t4meoitate of the Gofmopoliticall gouernment thereof, bnoer the Sing almigf 
 tic, pafftng on berp f toiftlp totoaro the moll b?eaofull anb mott comfortable terme pjefireo. 
 
 9no33finbe (fapo be) tljat if tbis TSjtttttbSl&onarcbie tooulo heretofore hauefollotoeo tlje ao« 
 uantagestobicbtbephauehabontoarb, tljep might berp toell, per this, Ijauefurpat&obpiuflice, 
 ano geolp fo?t,anp particular Ct^onarchte els'.that euer toas on earth Cnce mans creation : anb that 
 to all fuclj pttrpofes as to ©oo are moS acceptable,ano to all perfect common tocaltbs.mofi bono 3 
 rable,p?ofitable,ano comfortable, 
 
 •But pet (fapb Ije) there is a little lotke of Labp Occafion flickering in the aire, bp our bancs to 
 catch bolo on.toherbp toe map pet once mo?e (befo je all be wterlp paft,ano for euer) oifcreetlp ano 
 baliantlprecoueranoentop, if not all our ancient tj Due appurtenances to this 3toiperiaini5rimfl) 
 monarchie,pet at tlje leaCt fome fucb notable potion thereof, as (al ctrcttmftances ouelp ano iuttlp 
 
 apperteininp; 
 
l\[ng Edgar 
 
 Traffiques ? and Difcouenes. 
 
 7 
 
 appertaining to peace tauutie unci) to? rem p juices oemg ottct o $ ul'eD jtljss map become tbe mod 
 peaceable, mod ricb.mott puiffanc,$ mottnojifljing monarchic of al els(tbis oap)in cbjiffcnoomr, 
 peaceable, a fap,cucn "teatclj tbe mottpart of tbe fclf e famerefpects tbat gooo king Edgar bao(be= 
 ing; but a Saxon)ano bp funo jp fuel) mcancs ,ae fje clneflp in tljis empire Dio put in p joofc ano b j e 
 triumpbantlp.tobereupon Ijtse firname toas Pacificus,moff aptlp ano iuttlp, $$0 peaceable king 
 Edgar Ijao in his minoc about fit Ijuno jeo pecres paff,tfjc repjefentation of a great part of tbe felfe 
 fame idara.tohicb from abouc onelp,tj bp no mans oeitife Ijatrj ttrcamco botonc into mp imagtaati* 
 on.bcmgasituccommetlj afubicctcatefull foj tlje goolppjofpcritie of tljisKjitiftj Empire bn« 
 bet our mott peaceable Quccne Elizabeth. 
 
 5fo^£dgaruspacificus,Rcgnifuiprofpiciensvtilitati,pariter&quicti,quatuormilliaoftin- Flora Hiftoii«- 
 gentas libi robuftas cogregautt naues e quibus mille d ucen tas,in plaga AngliseOrientali s mille """* 
 ducentas in Occidental!, millc ducentas in Auftrali , mille ducentas in Septcntrionalipelago 
 c6fticuit,vt ad defenfionem rcgni fui ? contra exteras nationes,bclloru difcrimina fuftinerent. 
 
 2D toifeoome imperiall, mott oiligentlp to be imitateo,videlicer,prcfpicere, to fojefee,2D cljarl' 
 table kinglp parent, that teas toucrjeb toitb aroent ?eale, foj pjocuring tlje publike pjofitc ofbis 
 kingoome,pcaano alfo tbe peaceable eniopfng tbcrof.©,of an increoible matte of treafure,a king- 
 Ip pojtion,pct,in bis coffers remaining: if then be bao,(oj latebefoje ) anp toarres, feeing no nota« 
 »le car e,oj contribution publike is biff ojtcallp mentioneo to baue bene foj tbe rbarges leuieb: if in 
 peace be bimfelfe flouritbeo fo toealtbilp: 2D mamcilous politically pjincelp pjtiDencie,in time of 
 peace to fojcfee.ano pjeuent, (ano tbat mott puiffantlp.ano inuinciblp) all poffiblc malice/rauoc, 
 f ojce,ano mifcljief e fo jraitu© mott bifcrect liberalise to fucb ercdlent bfe2f } poto jing out bte trca* 
 lure fo abuttbantlp. O faitbfull <£nglifl) people (tben.)ano too? t bp fubiects, of fucb an 3mpcriall 
 ano goolp ©oucrnour. © pour true, ano milling bcarts,nno bleffeo rcaop banbs (tl;en Jfo to im* 
 part fucb abunoance of toiccuals foj tbofebuge j$auies maintenance :fo(3ifap) as neitljeroeartb 
 of faminc,feemeo(fonDlp)to be feareb of pou,foj anp intolerable toant likelp to enfue tljerebp.noj 
 pjices of biccuals complaineb of to be bnreafonable enbaunfeo bp pou,fmoing foj their great falcs 
 f o go od, ano rare oppoj t unit ic. 
 
 <Cbis peaceable king Ed gar ; tuass one of tbe perfect 31mp eriall £9 onatc rjes of tbis ISjitifij <£ra« 
 pite,ano tberefoje tbus bis fame remainetb (foj euer) recojoco. 
 
 Anglici orbis Ba(ileus,flos,& Decus jEdgarus,non minus meinorabilis Anglis,quam Cy- ch»naRegi« s 
 rus Perils, Romulus Romanis, Alexander Maccdonibus, AffacesParthis,Caro)us H ">" c,rreull < ,i ' 
 Francis, Anno vita: jy.Regni fuicurnfratre,&polt2i. Idibus Iulij obijt, & apud 
 Glafcon fepelitur. 
 
 OGlaftonbury,Glaftonbury, tbe trcafurie of tbe careafes of fo famous, anb fo manp perfons 
 (Qua: olim mater fanctorum dicla es,& ab alijs,tumulus fanctorum, quam ab ipfis difci- 
 pul is D omini, a: d ificatam fuifle ven erabilis habet Antiquorum authoricas ) ijOto lamentable 18 
 
 tbp cafe noinc *: borne fjatvj bppocrtfie anb p jioe to jougbt tbp Defolatton*: tbougb 31 omit Ijere tbe 
 names of berp manp otber.botb ercellent bolp men, ano migbtp p jinccjs, toljofe careafes are eom« 
 nut t eo to tbp cuttobp.pet tbat 9poffolike Iofeph , tbat trtumpljant Idiitify Arthur, ano ootoe tbis 
 peaceable ano pjouioentSaxon king Edgar,boe fojee me toitba certaine fojototulreuerence,bere 
 to celebjate tbp memojie. 
 
 %bis peaceable king Edgar ( as bp ancient S ecojbeinnap appeare) bis §>ommer pjogr cues, 
 anb perelp cbiefepaffimes toere, tbe failing rounb about tbis tobole 3(le of Albion , garoeo toitb 
 tisgrano nauie of 4000. faile at tbe Ieatt,parttD into ^cqunll parts of petie jI3auies,ecbe one be* 
 tag of 1 ooo.fijips.foj fo it is ancientlprecojoeo. 
 
 Idem quoquei£dgarus,40oo.nauescongtegauit,cx quibus omniauno, poftfeftumPaC- ^^^ ma ' 
 chale, 1 000. naues ad quamlibet Anglia: partem ftatuir, fie, aeftatelnfulamcircum- 
 nauigauit: hyeme vero, iudiciaiaProuincia exercuit : & hsec omnia adfui exercitium, 
 &ad hoftium fecit terrorem. 
 
 CSDulo.anb tooulb tljat peaceable 9 toife king Edgar.befojeneeo, as beingin peace anb quiet 
 toitb all nations about Ijim, anb nottoitblianoing mittrutting Ijis poffiblc enemies, make bis 
 paflimes fo roiaiip,poltticallp,ano triumpbantlp,toitb fo manp tljoufano fi)ips,anb at tbe leatt toitfj 
 ten times fo manp men as ujtps,anb tbat perelp*; anb (ball toe being not affurcb of fucb neigbbojtf 
 f rienoffjip, as map become to bs as cruel ano tpjanmcall enemies as neuer king Edgar neeoeo to 
 D jeao tlje like,ano tbcp as manp ano migbtp pjinccs,as neuer king Edgar copeo toitb tbelike,ujall 
 toe(faio be)not tubge it fomc part of toifoome,to imitate carefullp in fomelitlepjopojtfon(tbougb 
 not toitb fo manptljoufanos ) tbe pjofperous pattimcSof peaceable hingEdgar, tbat Saxonkall 
 Alexander? pea.pjofperous paflimes tbefe map bee iufllp counteo, bp tobt'eb be alfo maoe euiocnt 
 to tbe tobole toojlo, tbat as be toifelp kneto tbe ancient bounos ano limit* of tjjfe^itiu) empire, 
 
 fo 
 
8 The Englifh VoyageSjNauigations, K^Sdgar. 
 
 fotljactjccoulB aim uioulQ ropallp, tuttlp, ano tnunipbanti/emop tbe fame, fpuei>uijKDuui,<aiD 
 ttiaugcet!jcfo?ce ofanp fo?reme potentate. 3nD nl tljat/o bigblpamifaitbfuUp to tbeglo?p of*S5co 
 finailp iirtenDeD ano b?ought to paife.as tbe toifeft auD gcDlicft ]p?elsucs ana counfelio?8 of tbofc 
 capes (focounteD ofanorccoiiDeo) coulee befi nuuirc ano circct ljim,n? ycreljance, ln:t finccrelp 
 coirmieriD and cuettfidlp incourage l;im (n,be being of bimfelfe fo bent, as purpoGng firfi inuiacU 
 blpto fo?ti5e the djiefe anouttctmofltoaltesDfbisjOlaRDifije^onarcbie.aptnfiailfcjreluefU' 
 comb?ance poffiblc, 2no in tljac fortification furthering ano alluring to truu be@ Ijis oume omu 
 figljt ano- itiDgeirtent ,hi pcerelp bictomg tije fame in euerp quarter thereof, arm tbat as it tuerc fo? 
 rjts patttme 31mpcriall.,alfo in Qtomrntr time, to tbe cnoc tljat aftcrtoarD m ail fccurit:e,bce migljt 
 in WLintet time (..vacare ) be at conuenicnt leifurc ou lano, cbicflp to fee feo?tb Odooe Due honour, 
 ■ anofsconcIptolmoer3anD,aiu)DiltgentIpto hftenco t!je carries ana complaints of bis common*. 
 • jFo?asMa«li£u5 Weftmonaiierienfisofijim toljis jH'jtfttaHcommenDationhaiblcftijsarc* 
 uiemb?ance t 
 
 Habebatauternprartereaconfuetudinem.peromnesRegni prouincias tranfirc, vtintelli- 
 gerec quomodo legum iiira,5c luorum liatuta decrecotum,a princiyibus ohferuarentur, 
 &nepaiiperesapocencibuspr£iudiciumpaffi,opprime:eutur;diligemerinue£tigarelo- 
 lebat: in vnofortitudini, inaltcro Iuftitia^fiudenSj&Rcipub.iegrjquevtilicaciconiu- 
 lens in vtroque. Hinc hoftibuscircumquaque timor,& amoromnium crga cum excrc- 
 uerar, fubditorum. 
 
 Cbusuiefee bob) in oppojrtmitie, tljis peaceable Edgar p?oetireD to tbisCmpircfuc&pjcfpe* 
 rousfecwitie, that bis true ano faitbfull fubiccts, all maner of uiapes (tbat is at Ijome aim alfo ac 
 fea.botb outuiars <tid intoiarDjmigbt peaceablp,fafelp ano fecurelp emplop tbeir touts anD traucis 
 fo? tije mnrtt : ilous enricbing of tljis kmgboiiie,ana pleafttring berp manp citljer, carping fo^tb tlje 
 naturall commotrities of tbislanD, abounbitig &cre about our ncccfTarp ufes ( a;;D cue flo?e refer* 
 tteD)ano likeuiife againe furniibing tlje fame uiitb all neceflarpauD not fuptrfluciis fo?reine com* 
 jnoDities,u?t from farre 0? fojrein countrcps.Eljis nias in ocet>(as before is rcco?ccD)aking!p p?o« 
 uioencc.Reipub.Rcgniqsvtilicaticonfulens.&c.befiDcsuiitbgitatotilitteanoppfitepublique 
 fo?efeene.,ano bp Ijis mcanes eniopeo.be bimfelfe Dfeo mofi glaofp ci;e aouantagc of tbat fecuritir, 
 inKknifiringofititticcoicaultng tbe fame to beerecutcoallbiskingoomeouer.notfqutmilblp, 
 frotoninglp o?fko?nefulIp (bunning tbe raggeb anotattereti fleeuc of anp fupplianc.bolDingbp to 
 him a fimple foilcD bill of complaint 0? petition,ano tbat bamelp contriuco^? afrapoc at, ano timc= 
 totiflp balling from tbe u"ck!p pale face 0? feeble limmeo fufcr, f rtrccmelp coiiCraincb fo to fpeake 
 fo? bimfelfe, no? parctallp fmootbering bis otone conlftcucc,to fauour 0? maintcine tbe fottlc fault 
 ano trefpatfe bnlainfull of anp bis fubiect&boto migbtie 0? uecciTarp foeucr,tbep(Els)toere,but Dt* 
 IigeiHlpmatefearcb,leaCPauperes apoteiicibuspreiudicium paffi, opptimerencnr, . 
 
 %lW oio publiqtie fecuritu! fro fo?retn foeab?oan, ano true tone of ijis ottrie fubit cts'^aroing 
 Ijim at borne, anb tbe beaucnlp fpirit Directing all bis gooD purpofec, caufe iu&ce ant) cqtutic in all 
 quarters of tbis Albioato flourttb. jro?UibicbbispcaceabIeanDp?ofperou3bcnefitsattbeeter« 
 wallking bi« bano obtctneQ fcc became nut t'nfclcnc 0? Declined to tp?aiuucall regiment (as fomc 
 p?inccs in otber couutrcis Ijaue maoe tbeir liucs Comicotragical) but o)itl) all bis fo?cfaiseinuin» 
 cible S)eafo?ce, abounDant toealtb,triumpbant peace, Uiitljfecuritie and SuSicc cucr all bis Spa» 
 narcbiep?euailing,bisbcait bias continpllp, ano mofl ?ealoutlpbtnt to fit foo?tb tbe glo?p,lauDe 
 anb honour of tbe aimigbtie CCreato?, tljeljeauenlp ano cuerlaltiugking,bp fuc!jp?incipall ana 
 p?incelp meanes, as (tben) lucre Dcemeo to \6oti moS acceptable, as manp menumtnts pet to cue 
 Dapes remaiiung,oo of Ijim bnDoubtf Dip teflific 1 3s tbis,fo? one, , 
 
 Exehartafun- Altitonantis Dei largifluadtmentia,quieft rcxRegum,Ego^dgarus Anglorum BaSkus 
 c."h n l v CC '^* - omniumq;Regurii,Infularum,Occaniq;Britanniarncircurniaccntis,cuii6larumq;natio« 
 gomi*. numquginfraeamincluduntur,Imperat')r, &Dominus, gratias ago ipfiDeo omnipo- 
 
 tenti,Regi meo,qui meum Imperium fie ampliauk, & cxa'tauit fuper regnum pari u meo- 
 rum : qui licet Monarchiam totius Anglic adeptiruncatempore AthcJftani( qui primus 
 regnum Anglorum,& omnes Nationes,qu§ Britaimiam incolunt,fibi Armis i"ubegii)nul- 
 lusrameneoru vltraeius fines imperium iiiumdilatareaggrcfilis eft. Mini aucem concei- 
 fitpropitiaDiuinitas, cum Anglorum Impcrio, omnia regnalni'ularumOceani, cum fnis 
 ferocilfimis Regibus, vfq; Noruegiam, tnaximamqj partem Hybcrma;,ciini ina nobiiifli- 
 maCiuitate Dublinia,Anglorum regno fubiugan :Quos ctiam omncs,me s Imperiji col- 
 la fubdere(Dei fauerte gratia^ coegi, Quapropter & ego Ch;ifli g'.oriam,& laudrm exal- 
 tare,&ciusferui:iumamplificaredcuotusdilpofui,&pcr meos hdelcsFaatores,Dur,fi:a- 
 numviz.Archicpiicopum, Atfielwoldum,&Ofwaldumepifcopos(quosmihipatres fpi. 
 rituales,&Confiliatoreselcgi^magnaexpartc,fecundumquoddirpofi:ij€n c ec!,&c, 
 
 And 
 
Sdm.&Sdward. TrafHques,andDiicouenes. 9 
 
 And againe this in another Monument. 
 
 OMnipoteims Dti.&c.Ipfius nutu Sieratialuftultus, Ego /Ed^arus Bafileus di!e6ta? Infu- FaDdaioEtci«. 
 r ... '. r , ° „ i D °r, • fli Caihcdralu 
 
 lg Albioms,tubditis nobis Iceptns }>cocorum,Cumbrorum,ac Brytonum,& omnium cir- Eiicnfis. 
 
 curncirc a Regionum, quicta pace pertrucns , ftudiofus lollicite de laudibus cicaroris omnium 
 
 occiipor addendis: Ne nunc insrtia,nofU'irq; diebus (plus f quo) f emit u s eius tepefcere videa- 
 
 tur,&c.i8, meiterreni Impertj anno,&c. Annolncarnacionis Dominicar.oy}. 
 
 Ego/Edgarus rotiusAlbionis Bafileus hoc priuilegium (canca roboratumauchoritate) 
 
 crucis rhaiiuiateconfirmaui. 
 
 <§>othat bp all the fe rr Iicsrfeo Sccorbs , it is mod euioent that the pcaeeable King Edgar,toaa 
 oneoftbofcS©onarchs,m tohofcljanDcs (iflifehaouifftfro) the inrrcDiblebauteanbprttnlebge 
 grantee bp (Sob ano nature bnto this IBritttl) monarchic, might baue bene peaceablp purchafcb in 
 furl) fort,as the bcrp blcCTing ano fauour of the biuine 'Srimtie bath laio meanes to? out ittbuflrie 
 to attat'ne to.anbentope the fame bp. 
 
 ano though ftmo?p otbcrbaliantp?inceS anb kings ofthislano 31 touln recite ,tobic!) intimcs 
 pair baue cither bp intent gone about, 02 bp toife ano baltatu erploit, haue meetelp todl p?cfpereb 
 totoarns this 3 ttanuiQ) appropriate fup jemacie attaining, pet neuer anp other reasonable mcanrs 
 toasbfeo,or bp humane toit,o?tnbuiJtie can be contriueo.to al purpofesfufficicnt.but onlp bp our 
 fea forces p jeuailing,anb fo bp our tnuinctble enioping al toitbtn the fea limitcs of our T5}itity rop« 
 altiecontaineo. 
 
 'Co tohtch increbibte political mptterieattaining,no caGcr, reabier, 0? perfecter plat anb intro* 
 buction,is(as pet)rome to mp imagination, then is the prefent anb continual! feruiceof tb?ecfcore 
 gooo ano tall toarliheflnps, totthrtocnticfmallcrbarkc&anb thofe 8o,fljips(grcat anDfmal)toitli 
 666o.apt men fiiruifheo, ano all Ongularlp tocll appomtcb fo? feruice both on fea anb Una, faith' 
 fullpanbbiligentlp to beDoneinfucbcircumfpect ano bifcreeto?ocr,aspartlp3lljaucut other pla= 
 ccs oeclarcD,ano further(bpon gooo occafion ofTereo)mapbeclare. 
 
 %ftt grano nauie of peaceable king Edgar.of fo manp thoufanb.fl)ips,anb thep furriiirjeb toit[j 
 an bunbjeo thoufanb men at the leafl, toitb all the finall intents of tljofe fea forces, fo inuincible, 
 continuallp mainteineo.the ojoer of the erecution of their feruice, the goblp anb imperial fucceffe 
 thereof, are in a matter kingip Iclfons anb prophetical incouragements to us left, euen noto to bee 
 as p rouiscnt fo? publiquc fectiritie as he toas,to be as fkilful of our fea right anb ropal limits, ami 
 luifclp to ftnrtc our fcluesasabletorccoucr anoenioptbefameashe toas, vuljo cottla not chuff, 
 but troth. the pairing ano peerelp fapling about this a5?icciQ) Albion,b)ith all tlje Met 3 ties nerc 
 aoiacent rounb about it,he coulo not chufe 31 fap, but bp fuel) ful ano pcaeeable poITemon.rtno him* 
 felfe (accorbing to right,ano his hearts befire) the true ano foueraigne Monarch of all theT3?iti(b 
 ©cean,enuironinganptoaphis empire of Albion ano Ireland, toitbtheUfc3iilam>snertaDia« 
 cent : toitb memorial tobereof , as toitb one berp precious ietoel imperial, bee aborneb the title ana 
 crotone of his regalitie, as toitb the teflimonie annereb of the ftates ano ttobles of his >£mpirc,to 
 commit to perpetuaUmemo?ic,tljeftileofbis cbiefetoojIblpoignitie,intbtsberp tenojof toojos 
 befoje alforemembreb, 
 
 EgOiEdgarus AnglorumBafiIeus,omniumqueRfgum,Iiifularum,OccaniqueBrir3n- 
 niamcircumiacentis.,cun<5tarumq;nationum,qua: infra earn includuntur,Imperator, 
 & Do mi 11 us. 
 
 ■» 
 
 iaotsttje' 
 
 icltice rprrtlitc 
 once 1 lie '23u» 
 il 11) jDcc.ui fed, 
 toitnt) about 
 the 23jmu> 
 Cmoice. 
 
 The voyage of 'Edmund and Edward the fonnes of King Ed* 
 mufjdlreff/ideintoHungarie,AnnoD.ioij. Recorded 
 
 by Floremius fVigornietiJifpag.lpi, 
 
 • Edit confilium EdricusCanuto regi,vt clitunculos Ead wardum & Eadmun- An.Dom. wj. 
 I dum regis Eadmundi filios necarec. Sed quia magnum dedecus fibi videba- 
 tur,vtin Anglia perimerentur, paruo elapfo tempore, ad regem Suauorum 
 occidcndos mifit. Qui, licet fcedus effeonter eos, precibus illius nullatenils 
 I voluitacquieicere,fedillosad regem HungarorumSalomonem nomine mi- 
 ' fit nutriendos vitjeque releruandos. Quorum vnus fcilicet Eadmundus pro- 
 ceffutemporis ibidem vitamfiniuit. Eadwardusvero Agatham filiam Germani Imperatoris 
 Henrici in matrimonium accepi t, ex qua Margaretam Scotorum regiaam,& Chriftinam San- 
 £limonialem,&: Ciitonem Eadgarum fufccpiu 
 
 The 
 
io TheEnglifliVoyages,Namgations, E^.o/Man. 
 
 The fame in Englifn. 
 
 EDric COUllfelleD king Kanutus to nutttljer tlje pong pjttUCCB Edward anD Edmund the fonnea 
 of King Edmund. 15uc becaufeicfcemeaathingUerpBilljonaurablcuntohim tohauethrm 
 put to Death in England , hee fent them, after a (rjo?t fpace, unto the Ring of Sweden to be flaine. 
 $Uho,albeit there teas a league bcttoecne them, tooulain no cafe conoefceno unto Canums his 
 Mooaprequcfl.but fent them unto Salomon the Uingof Hungarie to be noucilljeD anD pgcferuco 
 aliue.^be oneljuhercofnamclp Edmund inpjwccu^of time there Br ceafca, T5ut Edward tetti* 
 tied to tirife Agatha Baughter Unto tlje (Sermane (Emperour Hcmy,of ujhorri jje begot Margaret 
 tt>e STUicene of tlje Scots,ana Chrittlna a jfrunne.ano Cluo Edgar. 
 
 A Chronicle of the Kings of Man, taken out of 
 M. Cmdens Chorographic. 
 
 12 the peere of our LojD 1 066, Edward King of England, of famousmc* 
 mojj>BeceafeB,tobomHarala fonne of God win fucceeoeBmhiskingBomc; 
 agatnttlB()ic!]HaraIdtlK!«i!iEOfNorwaiecaHeDHaraJdHarragcrfOUgljta 
 battel at Stainford b?tage, tohere the «t3ugliuj imiuiing tlje ficlce put all tlje 
 Noruegians to flight: outoflDhich flight one Godredus ficnnmcoCrouari 
 , (tbefonneof Haraldthe blacke.tBljohao befoje time flea out oflfland)repat* 
 reo bntoGodrcd fonne of Syrric, tubo thenreignea in Man, ana teas right 
 frientilp ano honourablp enterteinerj bp him. 
 31iuljeDerpfamepeere William tlje ConquerourfHbDuetiEngland.anDGodrcdtlje fonne of 
 Fingai. Syrric,king of Man,BcceafeB, after tthom luccceaea bis fonne Fingal. 
 
 3n thepeere 1066, Godredus Crouan gatherea a fleeteof ibip3,ana failea Unto Man,ano gi« 
 uingbattell onto tlje people of tlje countrcp.toasuanquilbea ano put to flight. ^Ijeieconottme 
 alfoljauinggatrjercoIjiBarmieatiDujipstegetherjijce came unto Man, fought totth tlje inbabi' 
 tant0,lofttheUicto?ie,anDuias chaceontoap. 2?ea,the tljirDtimeheaCeinbleoagreatmuItituDp, 
 anocommingbp night untothepojtuJljicljiscalleaRamfa, hia 300. of Ijisyien inatoooo flau* 
 Dlngupon the fiae of tlje Ijill callea Scacafel. €.he &umte mas no fooner up , but the Mannians 
 arranged tljemfelues anD toith great furie fet upon Godred. 9no in the mioft of tlje f kinmuj,the 
 fo?efait>2oo.menri0ngoutoftlje<rambu(h,anDcommingupoutljebacRe0oftljeMannians,mo' : 
 Icftca them fo fo? e, that tljcp lucre enfojceo to flie. But tofjcn thep fata y tljcp lucre ottercome mm 
 Ijau no placeof refuge to rttire unto(fo? the tiue of the fea hao fillea tlje cljanel of tlje riuer of Ram- 
 fa) ano feeing tlje enemie fo fierce!? purfuing tfjem on the other fioe,t hep tahiclj rcmaincti, toitb la« 
 mentaule outcries! befeccheo Godred to fpare their lines. 'Shcn Ijee being moouea tufth compaf» 
 Hon, ano pitping their crtremecalamitic, becnttfe Ijee hao bene of late fufiaineo ano nourifljeo a* 
 mong them , founaea a retreat ana fo?bao his foulaierfc to make anp longer ptirfuit. Che aap fol* 
 loluing Godred put hisfoulaiers to their choice, uubethertljep tooulo oiutoc Man among tbctiu 
 felucs ana inhabite rt.o? tohether thep taoulo take tlje toealtij of the coutrtrep, ano fo returneunto 
 their otone home, il?ouibeit,it pleafea them better to toaffe tlje tohole 3|fiano ana to enrich them* 
 felttcs toith the commodities thereof, ano fo to returne from tohencethep came. )5ctuc Godi ed 
 limfeift toitlj a fetoe 3Iflanoers tohich Ijaa remainea taith bim,tooke potfclfion of the !§>outh part 
 ofthe 3lflana, ana unto the remnent of tlje Mannians he grantea the jT5o?tlj part thcreof,upon ton. 
 aition.tfjat none of them ujoula at anp time aftertuara aare once to cljalenge anp yarcell of the fatD 
 grouna bp title of inheritance, thereupon it commeth to paffc, that Unto tijis Baptljetoljolc 
 3flanD is the kings otone Jf ec-fimple, ana that all the reuenucs thereof pcrtaine Unto him. 9lfo 
 
 Godredus fubDitea Dublin untohimfelfe^ra great part of Lainefiir, anB he fo tallica tlje Scots, 
 
 stints halting that none of t Ijcm a ur tt httila a fljip 0? a boate, m it tj aboue thjec p joh nailes in it. Dec reignca 1 6, 
 
 SonrSin P eere sanaaieDintlje3iflanDcallcaYle, ij)eleftbeljinaehimthjeef0nnf0,Lagman,Harald,anD 
 
 them. ' ' Olauus. Lagman bcingtlje elaettchalengcD tlje kingDome ano reignca feuen peeres. ^oUJbeie 
 
 Harald Ijis b jother rebelleo againfl him a long time , btit being at length taken bp Lagm an, Ijee 
 
 toas gelt ana Ijaa Ijis epes put out.9fteri»aro Lagman repenting him that he haa put out the epes 
 
 ofljisb?otljer,aiaofljisou)ne actojarelinquiujljiskingoome, ana taking Upon him tlje baage of 
 
 the crolie,he luent on pilgrimage to Ierufalem , in iuljich iournepalfo he aiea. 
 
 Slntljepcere 1075. all the pjincipall men of the Jiflanas Ijauing intelligence of the Death of 
 Lagman, fent melfengers Unto Murecavdus O-BrienSing of Irland,requeQinghir" tljatljee 
 Juoulo fenD fome toel-aifpofea perfon of his ptone kinrea ana blooa ropall,untilI Olauus fonne of 
 
 Godred 
 
J^.ofMan. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. n 
 
 Godred wax conietocutUge. -GijC king molt unllmglp canoeicenoco uuta their rrquclt, nno 
 fent bnto tljemoncDopnaldtlje fonneof Tadc, charging ano commaunoing ljim tljattoitb all 
 nuekenefleanomoDcftte.bec fljoulo gouerne tljat kingDome, toljicb of rigljt belonged not bnto 
 bim. liJowbcit lje,after be Ijao once attaineobnto the kragDome.neglecting the commaunocment 
 of Ijis lorn, bfurpeo tlje gouernment britlj great tpjannie , committing manp heinous crimes,ano 
 fo be relgneo bcrp oifomcrlp fo? tlje fpace of tljjee pecres.Cben all tlje princes of the Jflanos ma« 
 king a gencr all contpiracie, banbeo tbemfelues agatiifl bim, aim ejcpelleD bun out of t lj cir Domini' 
 0110. 9 no be Aping into Irland retttrnco no nio?c un t o them. 
 
 3|n tbe peere 1 077 . one Ingemundus was fent from tbe king of Norway , to take pofleflien of 
 tlje kingoome of tbe 31flanos.9nD being come Unto tbe 3|flano of Leodus, bee fent meitcngers bn= Lewis. 
 to all tbe ponces of tbe 3lflanos to come unto bim, commaunoing them toatfembletljcmfelues, 
 antj to appoint bim to be their King. 31" tlje meane feafon be ano bis companions fpent ttjeir time 
 in robbing and rioting, rauifljeo usemen ano birgtnes,anb aooicteo tljemfelues 1 file bp pleafurcs 
 ano to tbe Utiles of tbe flcili. 3 no Mien tljcfc tilings toere repoi 1 1 d bnto tbe ponces of tbe 31 llanos, 
 mho ban aflcmbleo tbrmfclucs to chufe bim king, being migbtelp tncenfco thereat, tbep maoe 
 Ijafle totoaros btm.ano comming Upon bim in (be nigh t , tljep burnt tbe boufe lube rein bee bias, ano 
 flue botb bim ano tlje reft of bis companp,pauIp to it b fb»ojD,ano partlp toitlj fire, 
 
 3n tbe peere 1 op8,t!je abbep of S.Maries at Ciftertium toasfounoeo, 3In tbe fame peere alfo 
 Amiochia boas taken bp tbe Cb?i2ians,anD a Comet appeared. 
 
 fflpo?eouer,the fame peere there toas a battel fougbt bettueene tbe inhabitants of Man.at Sant- 
 wac,aimtljepoftbe jaojtbobtaineDtbebictojp, Sntobicbbactell toere flaine CarleOthor ano 
 Mai> M ar as, chief caincs of botb parts* 
 
 ^be fame peere Magnusktng of Norway, fonne of Olauus,fonne of HaraldHatfagre, being 
 Dcflcous to uteto tbe cojps of S.Olauus kmg ano Spartp?, gaue commaunocment that bis monu- 
 ment fljoulo be openeo. 1i5ut the TSiihop ano tlje Clergie toit Ijflanoing this Ijis attempt, tbe king 
 luetic beep bolblp ano bp bis kinglp autljo?itie,caufeD tlje copbinto beopenco. 3nD toljcn bee Ijao 
 f eene to 1 1 lj his epes,ano banolc toith W banes tlje incorrupt hoop of tlje f j c faio King aim Spar- 
 tpj.a fuDOenfearecame upon !n'm,aim be oeparteo toitb great bade, ^ije night follotoing Olauus 
 king ano Spartpjappeareo bntobiminabiflon,rapmg ; Chute (3|fap) bnto pour felfe one of rtjefe 
 tbjo.cifljcriuitbin 3 o.oapes to Iofe pour life toitb pour kingoome, oj elfeto Depart from Norway 
 ano neuer to fee it agatne. Che King fo fooneas be mas atoakeo out of fleepe,calleo bis li3?inccs 
 ano S)cnat ours, ano crpottuoeo tbe fojtfaioe biltonunto them, aim tbep alfo being aftonifijcD 
 thereat gaue him this counfcll,cbat toitb all fpeco be fljoulo Depart out of Nor w ay.fEhen be toith* 
 out,r l ipfi!rtbrrDeIapcaufcoaj3auieofi6o.ujipstobcp?ouiDeD,anDfofa?leDbntotbc3IflanDsof 
 O rkney .luljicb bee piefentlp fuboueo, ano pairing along tljmuglj all tbe 3 llanos ano conquering 
 tljem,at length be came bnto tlje J fie of Man,tobere be bias no fooner arriuco , but bee tocne bnto 
 tbe 3ifleofS.Patrictofeetbe place ofbattell, toljere tbe inhabitants of Man bao of late fougbf,be« 
 caufe manp of tbe ocao booies mere as pet bnburieo. Sno feeing that it toas a mofl beautifull 
 3iflano, it pleafeo him ereecDiug toell, aim tljerefojx bee maoe choice to inhabit e therein bisotone 
 felfe.anD built fcjjts there tohiclj are at this Dap calico bp bis atone name, I) e Ijao tlje people of Gal- 
 way in fttch atoccljat be conflcaineo tljem to cut Dotone tljett otone timber, ano to b jing it bnto Ijis 
 fljojefoj tlje builoing of bis fo?tes. tytc failcoon further bnto tlje 31fle of Anglefey neerebnto 
 Walcs,ano finding ttoo Carles therein (eitljeroftbembefng calico bp tlje name of Hugo) he flue 
 tlje one.anDtheotberbeeput to flight, ano fo fuboueo theaflano. tlSuttheWelfhmenpjefenteo 
 manp gifts bnto bim.anofobtODtngtbemfaretoell he returnee bnto Man, sinto Murccardkinp; 
 of Irland i;e fent his fljooes, commaunoing Ijim that he fljoulo carp them on Us mouloers,bpon the 
 birtb-oap of our ?.o jo though the mioft of bis lpalace,tn tbe figbc of his G muaffao ours , that there 
 bp it might appeare bnto them, tljat he bias Ciibiect bnto king Magnus. Cillbtcb bihen the Irifh- 
 incnbcaro, tljcptookcttgricuouflp ano DifoeintD much thereat. 15uc tlje Kiug bring better ao* 
 uifeD, 3! bao rather (faio be) not onlp beare his (booes,but eate his fljooes, then tljat king Magnus 
 fljoulo oeftropanp one pmuince in Irland. aUberefojebefttlfilleoljis commaunoement,anoho» 
 nourablp enterteineo his €mbafl*aoours. S©anp giftsalfo he ftntbnto king Magnus bp them, 
 anoconcluocoaleague, ^uttbemeflengersreturningbntotbeirlojOjtolDebimoftbefltuationoc' 
 Irland, of tbe beautie thereof, oftljefruitfulnefle of tbe fofle.anooftbeboIefomnelTeoftbeaire, 
 Magnus bearing tbefe things bias fullprefolueo to conquer alllrlandbntohimfelfe. 3nofo?tlje 
 fame purpofe Ije commautmeo tljat a jf lect fljoulo be maoe reaop. 15m be taking Ijisbopage luitlj 
 Crteene fljips, 9 being ocfirous to bieto the lano, ttben he bao bnoifcreetlp oeparteo from Ijis .I3a« 
 ttie.be toas fuooenlp inuironco bp tlje 3Jriuj,ano teas bimfelfe flaine, together toitlj all that toere 
 toithhimalmoft. ^eebjasimerreDneece bnto the Chute b of S.Patric in Armagh. ^>eereigne& 
 
 fire 
 
iz The Englifli VoyageSjNaiiigations, K^.ofMan. 
 
 firepcercg, &fter ijis oral) the ^inceaot" tijejiitandsfentfo? Olauusthe fonne of Godreous 
 Crouan.toJbouucdin tbe £ourc of Henry King of England fo« Unco William tlje Conquerour. 
 
 3Iiitljepecreno2,01auus fonne ofGodredusCrouanbeganne bis teisnemto reigned four> 
 tic peeress : Ije luas a peaceable man being in league toitlj all tije Sings of Scotland and Irknd in 
 Ijis time. l}z cook toimfe Affricatbedaugbtec of Fergufius of Galvvay.oftuljomhe begat God- 
 redus.©fljiscotuubincs be begat RegnalduSjLagmannus^ndHaraldus.andmanp daughters, 
 || Argile. MKreofonemarrteo onto Sumerledus king of JHeiergaidel , toljtchaftertoarOcccaiioneDtljeo 5 
 uertljjoia of tlje tobole kingdome of ttje 3Juanos* lj?e begat foure fonncs bp Ijer.namelp Dulgal- 
 lus,RaignalduSjEngus,anD Olauus. 
 
 3in tlje peere u?4« Olauus gaue bnto Yuo trje &bbat of Fumes a portion of Ijis otone gvoiuiD 
 jit Man to build anSbbepintlje place fcibicij is calico Ruflin. Slfoljee inrieljcdbDitbreuenuesano 
 indued toitlj pjuuIcDg.es a! places of religion fcueljhi Ijis Jiflandg, 
 
 3in tlje pere 1 i42,GodreduspfonofOlauus failed bnto tbe S.of Norway calico Hinge, ano 
 Doing Ijis ijomagc unto bim be remained toitlj rjitn^t teas bp btm bonojablp numcineo.'S be fame 
 pere tlje 3,fonnesof Harald bjother bnto Olauus,ttJljo Sucre tyougbtbp at tbe cttie of Dublin.ga* 
 njeringtogetljera great multitude ofpeopIe,anD all tbe fugitiues and bagabonos of tlje kingdome 
 rcfojtcdbnto Man.ano dctiiattnoed of tlje faio icing tlje one Ijalfe of al tlje kingdome of tbe Slliands. 
 SSJSjiclj tljing toben tbe hung bearo.being Defirous to pacific tbem.be anf roiereo tljat be tooulo con* 
 fult about tljat matter. 9no a dap and place being appointed, toljcre tlje ccnfultation iTjotilo bee 
 fcepMn tbe meane time tbofe mifcreatuc cofpired togetber,about tbe muttljeringof tlje iaing.9ri& 
 toljcntlje bap appointed toas come, botlj companies affemWeotbemfeluesvmtetbe bauencotone 
 calltD Ramfa.anb tbe? fate in ojocr, tlje king tuitij ijis nobilitie on tlje one Goe.and tljep tuitij tljeir 
 confederates on tlje otber fide, l^otobeit Regnaldusniljoljad an intention to flap tlje king.ttcode 
 a-fioc in tlje mibfl of tlje Ijotife talking ttiitlj oue of tlje ^inces of tlje kmde. Sub being called to 
 CGine biuo tbe king be turneb Ijimfelfe about as if Ijce tooulo baue f aluteo Ijim , and lifting bp bis 
 1 1 4 j. glittering are.ljecbopt tlje kings bead quite offat abloto. j^otueljauiiig commtitcDtijfe nutragi= 
 oua bilanic.toitbitt a fljojt fpacc tljep diuided tbe Jfland bet tueene tbemfelues.and gatljering an ar« 
 mietogetijer failed bnto Galway, tntenntng to f ubuue Ujat alfoj Ijotobe it tlje people of Galway 
 aflernbledtbemfelucs,anD baitlj great furicentountrcdtoitljfbem. ^bentbcpiminebiate!ptur« 
 ning tljeir backs bJitlj great confuftonfleb unto Man. 9no as touching all tljeGalwedianstobtcij 
 inljabitcD in tbe faio 3i flanb,fome of tbem tbep flue.anb tbe rcGoue tljep baniujed, 
 
 3In tlje peere 1 1 4 ; .Godredus fonne of Olauus returning out of Norw ay tows created king of 
 Man ; tuboin reucnge of bis fatbers beatb, put out tbe epess of ttojo of Hai aids Comics and flue 
 tbetbirde, 
 
 3Intljepecreii44.Godredusbeganl)tiSreigne,andbeeretgnebtbirtie peered. 3[n tlje trjirde 
 peere of Ijisrctgne tbe citizens of Dublin Cent foj bmi and created bim king of Dublin , agaiiiU 
 tobom Murecardus king of Irland made toarre, and encamping Ijimfelfe at tlje citie called Cori- 
 delis ) l)efcntbisb?otberOfibeHj)itb3ooo.ljo?fcmcnbnto Dublin, tobottiasflainebpGodred 
 and tbe Dubliners.cbereilof bis companp being put tofligbt, ^Ll)cfe things being ttjug fituGjeo, 
 Godredus returnedbnto Man,ano began to ererctfe tpjannie.difmberiting certainc ofijts nobles, 
 oflubom one called Thorfinus tlje fonueofOter. being migbtiertben tbe reft, toejJtbntoSumer- 
 ledus.and named Dubgal tbe fonne of Sumerled(is,king of tbe 3iflanos, and fubdueb manp of tbe 
 faidaflandsonljisbebalfe. (KBbcrcof toben Godred Ijab intelligence bp one Paulus.pjouioing 
 a^auic.bcetocnttomceteSumerledus comming againlJ bim tuitb 80. fljips: and fn tbe peere 
 115^. 11 5 6,bpon tlje ntgljt of tlje feafl of Epiphanie.tberetoasa^ea-battcIIfotigbt, and manp being 
 flaine on botb parts.tljcoap foloining tbep toere pacifieo.ano diuided tlje kingdome.of tlje Jflanos 
 among tljemfclues.and it continued ttookmgoomesfrom tljat bap bnto tljrsp?efenttime, 9no 
 tljis boas tbe caufe of tbe ruinc of tbe monarcbie of tlje 31flands, from to\)it\) time tlje fonnes ofSu- 
 merled iniopcd tbe onebalfe tbereof, 
 
 3Intlje peere 1 1 jS.Sumerled cmnebntoMantoitb 5 ?,ujips,putfing Godred tofligbt andtoa« 
 fiing tbe Sfland: and Godred failed Unto Norway to feeke fo? aide againft Sumerled.Jn tbepere 
 1 1 64, Sumerledgatljered a fleete of 1 60, fljips togetljcr ; and arriued at Rhi nfrin, intending to 
 fubaue all Scotland bnto Ijimfelfe: botobcit.bp ffioos iufl iuagement being ouercome bp a feui,to» 
 getbec toitb bisfonne,anb antnnumerablc multitude of people.bc teas flaine. 'Cbe bcrp fame pere 
 tljcretoas a battel fougbt at Ramfa.bettoeene Reginald tbe b?atljer of Godred, andtbeinbabi* 
 tants of Man, but bp tlje flratageme of a certainc Carle tbe Mannians tocre put to fligljt. ^tljen 
 began Reginald to bfurpe tlje kinglp autbo?itic,li?ou>Beit bis bjotljer Godred uutljin foure dapes 
 after,comtningout of Norway toitij agrcat potoer of armed men, oppjebendeb bis bjotber Regi- 
 nald,gelt bim, anoput out W Q?e?« *%>¥ fame peere deceafed Makolme tl;c king of Scots, ana 
 
I\.of Man. Trafriques ? and Difcouenes. 
 
 J 5 
 
 Ijis btotbcr William iuccecDcD m the ktngoome. 
 
 31 r tlje pccre u 66. two Comets BppcareD in the moneth cf Sugufll, bcfoje the rifingof tfje 
 £>tnmc,one to the giautb ano another to dje jaojtb. 
 
 3)n the prtVE 1 1 7 1 ^ Richard cade of Penbrok; failcD into Irland, attt) fubbtiCD Dublin With a 
 great part oHrland. 
 
 3Jn tlje pi're 1 i 76, lohn Curcy conqucrco Vlfter bnto bimfclfe.8nb at the fame time alfo Vi- 
 uianus legate f to tije fea of Rome taint into Man,f caufe lung Godred to bee laWfullp weooeo 
 bntoIjtstotfcPliingola.CaiigbtcrofMaclotlenfonot'MurkartacfetngoflrladjmGtlKrofOlauus, 
 wljo ibasi tljcn j.pcercs olD.Siluanus tljeabbac marricD tbcm,briEo whom tlje Serp fame D3p, kmg 
 Godred gaue a portion of grotinD in Mirefcoge, where be built a SJjronaBerp; l]ouibcit,tn pjocefle 
 of ctme,the fain lano With the monkeg,Was graiucobnto clje abucp of Ruffin. 
 
 3intl;cpEreii72.Reginaldiistl)cfonofHacmarcat(anjaiiDefceiiBeDcftI)ebloot)ropa , l)com< 
 mmgiuto Man loiclj a great multttttDc ofpeopIe,tn tbeabfenrcoftheking,attbefirii -conflict bee 
 put to flight certains watchmen which kept tlje ftjoarr,? fiue about 5 overtoils. (thereupon tfje 
 bcrp fame Dap the Mannians arranging tljemfclues put him,? nlmoit al his fulowers to tijc fwojb. 
 
 3iu the pere iiSj.O-FogoltWasbiccuntofMan. 
 
 3111 the pere 1 *8$«t{je^>tmiteiBas ccclipfeo boon tlje feaG of S. Philip ano lacob. 
 
 3!n the pere 1 1 87. occcafeoGcdredkiiig oftlje jflanbSjbpo tlje 4,of tlje Sees ofSSoncniber, 
 aim tlje nert fommer bis hoop Was tranflateo bntc tlje iflano of Hy.ipc left j.foiines beftinsg him, 
 ReginaIdus,OIauus,antrYuariis,31n'jisl;fetinieljcoji)C!nfOljisforaie01auustobeljisbcireap» 
 pat-ant, becaufc be onelp was borne legitimate* But tlje Mannians,wben Oiauus wag fcaree ten 
 peeress olDc,fcnt bnto the iflauDs to? Reginald ano createo htm king* 
 
 31nt!jcpeecc 11 37,began Reginald tlje fonneofGodrcd to rctgnecuer tlje ifiantis:anDMur- 
 chsrdus a man of great power throughout al! tlje kmgbome of tlje tllancss was put to ocatlj. 
 
 31ntljepere iipi.theceWasabattelfougljtbetwccncRegiiialdanDEngus the two founts of 
 Sumcrled: but Engusobtainco tlje b::to?p/<£!je fame pere Wag tljeabbep of Ruffin tcmooucDbti' 
 toDufglasdjotobcitwttijtnfoiirepecrcgafrertljemonkesitturneobntaRuilin. 
 
 3n tlje pere 1 zc^.Micbael bifljop of the tfianbg Dcceafeo at Fontanas, anb Nicholas fucceeocd 
 tnljisroome. 
 
 31it tlje pete 1 204.HU00 de Lacy inuaoeD Vlfler with an armie ana encotmterco With lohn de 
 Curcy^ookeljiinpjtfonet^fubDttcDVlflerUiuoljimfelfe. SfccrtearbljepcrmitteDtljefaiDlohn ' 
 
 to goe at libertie.wbo comming unto king Reginald wasbonourablp cncectcineD bp fjiimbecaufe 
 he was Ijis fonnc in lawe.fo? lohn de Curcy ijaa taken to wife Affrica tlje Daughter of Godredus, 
 Which fouuDeD cbeabbcp of S.Mary de iugo domini,anb wag trjerc burieo, 
 
 Jin tlje pcere 1 20 j.Iohu de c:urcy $ Reginald king of tlje iflancs inuabing Vlflct With a ljun» 
 D?etl)ujipsatt!jcpojt which is calico StianfeordDibnegligentlpbcltege tlje caHlcof Rath ; but 
 YVaker dc Lacy coming bpo" tljcm witlj bis artnicput tljem to flight, fj from that time Curcy ue» 
 tier reeouercb bis lane* 3iu tlje pere 1 2io.Engus tlje fon of Sumerled fjHjis j.fonnes Wercilaine, 
 
 St tljef^mctimclohnkingof England conDucteoafleet of joo.Oiips into Irland.anDfubDttcD stmg^oim 
 it bnto Ijimrelfe: ano fenoi'iig a certatne earle namcD Fuico, unto tbc ifie of Man, ijts fouiDiers al« gjgj SmsTflcft 
 liioQwtcripwa&Dittntijcfpaceof 1 5. Dapes, ano hatting taken plcDgcstbepmurneo home into fcics. 
 
 tljeir oWne countrcp. King Reginald ano rji3 nobles toej:e at tljis time abfent from Man. 
 
 31 n the pere 1 2 1 7.DceeafeD Nicolas biGjop oftlje u1anbg>anD Wagbuneo in Vlfter^tube Ijoufe 
 Of Benchor,Wi)Om Reginald fucceebCb* 
 
 1 thinke it not amilTe to report fomewhat more concerning 
 
 the two forefaid brethren Re'/inddtu and olautts. 
 
 REginald gaue bnto ljt'sb?otljcr Oiauus, tlje idanDcalltD Lodhns 0? Lewes.toljicbisfaiDeco. 
 belargettljen tlje rcli of tljeu1anDs,bnt almoUbeSitute-of tnljabitamg, becatife it isfo fill of 
 ntountaines 5 quarrcis,bcing almofl no wljcre fit fo? tillage. BpoWbeit tlje in'oabitants tljereof do 
 line fo?tbemoli part bpon bunting ano fidjing. Oiauus tberefo?e went to take poffelTion of tin's 
 2iilanD,anD Dwelt tljcreinleaDing apoo?e life: ano wbenljefaw tbat itWoulD bp nomeanesfufFice 
 fo? clje laSentationof bimfelfe $bis folowers, bee Went bololpDnto bis b?otljer ReginaldjWljo as 
 tben remainea in tfje illauDS.rj fpake on this Wife bnto Ijtm, £pp b?otljcr(faio be)anD mp Iojd ano 
 king.pouknow tljat tlje kingoom of tlje iflaiiDs pertaincD bnto me bp right of inheritance, boWbeic 
 becaufe tlje Lo?a bao cijofen pou to beare the fcepter.31 Doe not enuie that honour bnto pou^eitbte 
 Daeth it anp wljic griette mee tljat pou are craltcD bnto tljis ropall Dignitie, J5oWe therefore 
 abefcccbjjoutopionioejnee fomcuojtiow of lano in tbeiflauog, tobttebpjirnaphoiuSlpiiuc* 
 
 13 jfo? 
 
 
Man RDlldlin* 
 
 ko to a King- 
 Borne. 
 
 14. TheEngMiVoyages ? NUuigations, ]\.ofMan. 
 
 jf uj ttjeillauo ot Le v\ is unjicb pou puc me is not futfictent fo? mp matntenance.rlfabicbbte bja= 
 tbetReginaldl;carm2faiot!)atbetoouloconfuUabotitcf)Cp?cmiffc0.SnDoniI;Eniojoto,tr)I)enO. 
 lauus mas fent ftn to parte, Reginald comanueb rjtm to be artacljcD^anri to be cartcb onto William 
 king of Scotland,anb roitlj fjitii to remaine pnfoncr: ano Olauus remaineo in pnfon almoft fo j tlje 
 fpacc0f7.pcus.ISut at tbey.pereseno William feinp; of Scots DEceafe^anD Alexander Ijigfonne 
 reigncb in bis ftcao. %i>e fo?efaib William,befo?e bis ocatb, commanocb tbat all pnfoners ujotilo 
 lie fee at Itbertic. Olauus tljerefoje being at libertie came unto Man,ano immeDiatlp luitlj a great 
 companp of nobles tooke biS iournep totito S. lames :.ano bis tyotljcr Reginald caufeb tlje faio O- 
 kuus to take unto toife, tbe baugljter of a certaine noble man of Kentyrc,coufine gennan unto bis 
 ouineniifc,ijbp name being called Lauon.anb be grantcBbntobimtbepoIfcfTton of Lewis, after 
 3 fell) oapes Reginald tlje biftjop oftlje 3lflanos batting gatljereb a fepnob/eparatcb Olauus ano 
 Godred bisfonne, ano Lauonljtstotfe, namelpbecatife fljee toas coufin german unto bis fojmec 
 luife.afternjarbOlauusmarieoScrittinabaugljtccuntoFcrkarusearlcofRofle. 
 
 Hereupon tljeluife of Reginald Utteene of tlje aflaims being incenfeb, fent letters bnto t(je 
 3Iflano ofSkyinK-ReginaldbisnainetobecfonneGodrcdbJillingbimto take Olauus.COljich 
 toinanbement Godred putting in p?actife,gt entring tbe ifle of Lewis fo? $ fame purpofe,Olauus 
 fleoinalitlefkiffe unto bis fatljcrtnlato tbe ea^^^ 
 
 ifle of Lcwis.St tbeberpfame time Pol tbe fon of Boke btcount of Sky .being a man of pouienn al 
 tbejflanbs.becattfe be inoulb not cunfent utitoGodred.flcbjf ninrlt togctbertoitb Ohuus in tlje 
 Dominions of tlje carle of Rode,? making alcague tuttlj 01auus,tljcp luent botb in a fljtp unto Sky . 
 •lEo be fljojt.fenoing certaine fpiesjbep lucre mfomieo tbat Godred rcmaineb fecure luitb a fmal 
 companp in a certaine 3i tie calleo p ifle of S.Columba. 9no unititigunto tbemfelues tljcir frienba 
 ano acquaintance, $ otljers tbat liioulo goe bolttntarilp luitb tbcm,in tbe ccab of tbe nigbMjauing 
 lancbeo 5,fijipS from tbe nert fca-ujoje , luljicb luas btttant about tbe fpace of 2,furIongs from tbe 
 fojefaib 3]flaitb,tljep enuironeb tbe lain 3|flano on all Goes, j^ott) Godred ano bis companp riling 
 earlp in tbe moming,ano feeing tbemfelues befet luitb tljcir enemies on all GDcs.tljcp lucre btter» 
 Ip attonico, tipoiubcit arming tbemfelues tljep began ttoutlp to make rettflanre.but altogether in 
 Daine, f 0? about o.of tbe clocke in tbe moming,Olauus anb tbe fo?efaib uicount Pol,tnitb al tljeh: 
 fou'.oiers.cntreo tlje 3Iflano, anb Ijauing flaine all lubom tljep founo luitbout tbe pjtecincts of tbe 
 (£lju:cb,tljep appjebenoeb Godred.gelbingbuiuub putting out bis epes, Ento iurjtclj action O- 
 lauus gaue not Ijis cBTent.nettber couin be UHtljflntib it.bp reafon of tlje fojenameb btcount tbe fon 
 of Boke. &bts luas bone in tlje pereof Chrirt j 223, Eljcnew fommer fololuing Olauus batting 
 receiueb pleoges from all tlje cbiefe men oftlje 31flanog, luitb a fleet of 3 2.ujips failcb unto Man, 
 anb arriueb at Rognolf waht. at tbe fame time Reginald ano Olauus bittioeo tbe kingoome oftlje 
 3!flanbs betnieene tbemfelues,Man being granteb unto Reginald, rjueGbcs ljtspo?tton tbe name 
 of a king alfo. Olauus Ijauing receiueb certaine utctuals of tbe people of Man,returneD,togetbcc 
 luitb bis companp,Unto Ijis otoine portion of Jflanos. ^fje pecrc fololuing Reginald taking unto 
 ljtmAlanusio?oofGaIway,togetljec luitb W fubiectsof Man, fallen bnto tbe 31flanbs,tljat bee 
 migbt take aluap tbat portion of grouno from bis bjotber Olauus.uibiclj beljab granteb unto btm, 
 anofubbueitbnto Ijimfelfe. ^otobett.bpreafontbattbcpeopleofM^nljaonoliS tofigbtagainii 
 Olauus o? tbe 31flanbers,becaufe tbcp bare gooo luill toiuaros tljcm,Reginald anb Alanusiojb of 
 Gal way being befeatcb of tbeir pttrpofe,returneb borne unto tljeir ouinr. (KLtitbin a fljojt fpace af= 
 ter Reginald,unner pjetenfe of going unto tlje Court of Ijis Io?o tbe king of England, receittco an 
 1 oo.markes of tlje people of Man, ano tooke Ijis tournep unto Alanus lojo of G al way. ftKbiclj 
 tbe people of Man bearing tooke great inoignation threat, infoniuclj tbat tljep fent foj Olauus, 
 anb appointee (jim to be tbeir king. 
 
 3|n tljepecre 1 2 26,01auusreceuereDbts tnljeritance,tbatts to fap tbekingbomeof Man arm of 
 tje jflanos, lubtclj Reginald Ijis bjotber rjao gouernebfoj tlje fpace of 3 8,peeres, anb Ijc rcigncb 
 tluopeeresinfafetie, 
 
 31n tbe peere 1 228,01auuslut'tb all W nobles of Man , anb tlje flronger part ofljt'S people.faf ■= 
 Icobntotbe^flanns* aujo?tfpace after Alanus lo?b of Galway, Thomas earle of Athol^king 
 Reginald cameUnto Man iBi'tb a migbciearmp, ano mafleo all tbe feoutlj part of Man.fpoilcb tbe 
 Cbttrcbes.ano flttealltbemen inborn tbep couloe take,infomucIj, tljat tlje g>oittlj part of tlje fatDe 
 31flanb luaS b?ougbtalmoflinto oefolation. 9no tben Alanus returneb luitb bis armp into bis 
 oluneIanb,leauingbeljinbbimbailiffesanofub[litutcsinMan,inbicbnjoulogatberbpannrenDeE 
 Unto btm tljetributeof tbe countrep.fipotobeitking01auuscamefubBcnipbpontbem,cbaceotbcnj 
 aluap ano recouereb bis kingoome. anb tbe Manmansiubicb of late lucre DifperfeD anb fcatttren 
 ab?oao, began to Unite tbemfelues , anb to inbabtte mt'tbouc fcare, ^be fame pecse, in tlje time 
 of (K3incer,upon tbe fubben,anb in tlje uerp bean of tb/ nigljt cameking Reginald out of Galway 
 
 luitfj 
 
K^ofMan. TrafFiques ? and Difcouenes, 15 
 
 luitOfiuenj!ps,anDbuiutaUtl;KiW}i3DCiji9^otnciOiauus,anDot[t)£iiobiesocMan,attljrJ;llc 
 of S,Patric,$ concluding a peace toitlj Ijis biotbrrAcmam 
 
 in tlje meane tobile ljee allureD butoijimftlfe all tbe aflanDers upon tijc ^auilj pate of Man, toljo 
 f toare.tbat tbep tooulD aduenture tljcir liucs, bntill Ijce Ijao gotten tljeone balfe of ljis kingrjome; 
 contrarpteifc Olauus iopneD Unto Ijimfelfe ttjem of tbe tflojtlj part, $bpon tbe 1 4.of jFcb^uarp tit 
 tlje place called Tingual!a,a field teas fougljt bcttocene tlje tteo fa^ot^etg.iuijerein Olauus got tbe 
 »icxo?p,ano Rcginaldt.be king teas uiKectaincfoulDtcrsfiainevuttbouttljeknoUileDge of l)isb?o» 
 tber. 3lfo certame picates comining to tlje foucb part cf Man,toaft eo 5 fpoileo it. ^Dlje monkes of 
 RulTin contiepcD tl;C bodp of K.Reginald.bnt'o tbe abbep Of S.Mary of Foumes,5t there be teas ttl s 
 terrcd in tlje place,toljicl) bis otone felfeljad cijofenfo? tlje purpofc.aftcr tljcfe things Olauus tnv 
 ueileD Unto tljekingof Norway .butbcfojebeuiaiJartiueDtljere.Haco king of Norway appoin= 
 tcD a certaine noble man named Husbae tlje fon of O wmund,to be king of tlje 3i (lands of tljeHe- 
 bridesfj called IjtS name Haco. ^{jeucamctbcfaidHaco toitlj Olauus $ Godred Don tbe fan of 
 
 ReginalJ.ano a multitude of Noruegians,bnto tlje iflanos : anD labile tljep acre gitting an afiaulc 
 Unto a cattle in tlje ifland of Both, Haco being bit toitlj a ff one dted,and teas buried in Iona, 
 
 3]lt tlje pere 1 2 J o.came 01auus,toitlj Godredus D an, $ ccrtcme Noruegians bnto Man, and 
 tbepparteDtbeWngDonieamongtbemfflucs.OlauuslftlreteiiungMan.Godrcdasbetoflggoing 
 Unto tbe iflands,toas flatus in tlje ifle of Lewis, % Olauus tniopcd tlje feingdomc of tlje iuV.idb alfo. 
 
 31n tbe pere 1 237,bpon tlje 1 j,of tlje Kalends of 3unc,OIauus forme of Godred king cf Man 
 oeccafed in tlje ifle of S.Patrkyuvo teas interred in tlje abbep of Ruffi n, i)c reigned 1 1 ,peres,ttoo" 
 toljile Ijis bjotljer teas alitte.ano nine after bis ncatlj. 
 
 Haraldusljisfonncbeingoftijeageofi.fpcreSjfuccecDeo.anobcrcigitcDii.pecrep.^cffrfi 
 pere of bis reignc taking bis iournep bnto tbe iflattDS, be appointed one Lbgi'eo bis kinfmanto be 
 rjisDepucieinMan^bcSuttiiimefolotoingHaraldusrcnttbetb^ccfcnncsofNel.nairicJpDuf- 
 galdus,Torquellus,$Molmore,and Ijis friend Jofeph bnto Man,tljat tljep uitgljt enter into f 5fal- 
 tatiou togetljer, £0!jerfo?e tlje 2 5 .Dap tljep aflcniblcD tlje mfelucs at Tingualia: ano malice groto* 
 ing bcttocene tlje Cannes of Ncl,and LogIen,tljcp felco blotoes and rkitmifbcD fojeon bat!; parts, 
 Molmore,Diifgald,ano tlje fojefaid Iofeph being all flame in tljefrap. Clje ^pjiitg folotoittg, 
 king Harald came into tbe ifle of Man , nnb Loglen fleeing into Wales, teas Ijimfclfc, togetljec 
 loitb Godred tlje fonnc of Olauus ljispupil,ano 4o,otbcrs,djotoned bp Qjtptojacke. 
 
 3lii tlje pere i238.Gofpatricius anDGillescritt fonne of MacKerthac came from tlje king of 
 Norway DntoMaii,eitpcUing Harald out of tlje faiD ifland,and taking tribute on tlje beljalfc oftijc 
 Noruegian king.bccaufe tlje faib Harald refufeb tocome bnto bis Court, 
 
 3ntbepere i24o.GofpaTicius oeccafed and tessburiedin tlje abbcpofRuffin, 
 
 3Iiitbepcrei239,Haraldusto£ntbntotbekingofNorvvay,teljOtettbinttooperc8Connnrieti 
 bnto bim,ijis beires anD fucceflb?s,bnoer feale, all tlje iflanos toljicb Ijis pjeDeceffojs eniopef. 
 
 3intljepecre i242,HaraldusretumcD out of Nor way bnto Man, anD being fjanourablp iecn'« 
 «cd bp tbe iiujabitants,be litieo in peace toitlj tlje kings of England ano Scotland, 
 
 31 ntljepeere 1 247, Haraldus (like as Ijis fatljeralfo before Ijim) tens bntgljtcDbptljckingof 
 England,ano fo being rctearceo teitlj manp gtfts,lje returned Ijome. SDIjcfame pere be teas rent 
 f oi bp tbe king of Norway.and Ije marico Ijis daugbtcr.Sno in tlje pere 1 249,3s Ijetoass returning 
 rjome toitlj bis totfc, toitb Laurence tlje elect of Man , anD toitlj manp otfjer uobles,neere bnto t(jc 
 confines of Radland, IjeteasdjoteneDin atempelT. 
 
 3ntlje pere 1 249.Reginald tljcl'onneof 01auus,a:td b?otbcr bnto Harald began to reignc tbe 
 Dapnertbcfo?etbe}3one3of5©ap:anDbpontbe 30. Dap of tlje fame monetijljc teas flaine bpY- 
 uarus a fouldicr.and otber of bis complices, in tlje §>autlj part of a ccrtainc meooto.neere bnto tbe 
 CljurcboftbebolpCrinitie.anDbetoasburieDattbeCburcljofS.MarieatRuffin. . . 
 
 ^befame pere AlexanderkingofScots pjouiDeo a great name of ujips.tljat be mt'grjt conquers 
 tbe iflanos bnto bimfelfe : Ijotobeit falling into an ague at tlje ifle of Kerwary,bc Dcce.'.fcb. 
 
 •SlljcnHaraldus tlje fonne of Godred Don bfurpcDtljenamepfakingouertbe tflanDs,!jeebn' 
 nifbcD alfo all tlje pjinccs of Harald tlje fonnc of Olauus, ano opcineD Ijis fugitiues to bee punccs; 
 anD nobles in tljeirfteaD, 
 
 31n tbe pere 1 2 5 o,Hara!dus tbe fon of Godred Don being fummoneD bp letters teent bnto tbe 
 king of Norway,teboDetetneD bim in p jifon becaufe be Ijaa bnittfllp poffcffcD tbe kingDomc» Ctje 
 famepeere Magnus tlje fonnc of Olauus, ane Iohn tlje fonnc of Dugak arriuco at Roghalwaht, 
 toljtclj Iohn nameD Ijimfeife king , but tbe Mannians taking it grteuouflp, tljat Magnus toas not 
 nominated, D?aue tbem from tbeir ujoarc,anD manp of tlje companpperiujed bp ffjiptojacke. 
 
 3In tlje peere 1 2 5 2.came Magnus tlje tonne of Olauus bnto Man, ano teas oiDcinco kiug^be: 
 jcrefoloteingljetookebi^iournepbntotljekingofNorway.ftljereljcremainedonctoljoleperc. 
 
 % % an 
 
[ 6 The Englidi Voy ages,Nauigations, Harolds children. 
 
 3!n ttjepecre i254.HacoktngofNorway o?Dewen Magnus ttjeloiineofOlauushmgofuje 
 3]flanbs,confirmtng tbcm ta him anb to his l)Eirc)3 5 anD bp name unto Harald Ijijs biothcr. 
 
 3ln the ptrc 1256, Magnus tooke his tOUtnep into England,anb toas bp the King of England 
 creaceD knigljt, 
 
 3!n $ pcre 1257. the Church of S.Maries of Ruffin bias bcbicateb bp Richard bifbep of Seder. 
 
 3lntbepeerei26'o,Hacoking of Norway came into the parts of Scotland, ano Uricljout at* 
 eliciting Gught,turningljis courfe totoarbs the Orcades he there beceafeb at Kirwas,ano uias bu> 
 
 rtcb at Bergen. 
 
 3!n the pme 1265. Magnusthe tonne ofOhuusking of Man anboftbe3Iflanbsbicb at the 
 cattle of Ru(fin,anb toas btirieb at tlje Church of S. Maty at Ruffin, 
 
 3jn the pere 1 2 6<5.tbe kingbome oftljc 3]flanbs bias cranfiatcb bnto Alexander king of Scots. 
 
 That which followeth was written in a new character 
 or letter,and of a diuers kinde from the former. 
 
 155 thepcere 1 27o,bpontbefcuentlj bap of October the Jflcctc of Alexander kingof Scots ar< 
 ritieb at Roghal wath , ano the nert cap bcfojtc cfje s&tmnc riling there bias a battcll fought be* 
 fttcencthcMannian's anb the Scots, in the tehtch conflict there lucre flaine jjy.Mannianst 
 thereupon a ccrtainc bcrfiGcr bo?iteth to this effect: 
 
 Fiuehundrcthfourtie men are flaine: 
 
 againft ill haps, 
 YeeManniansarmeyourfclucSjfbr feare 
 ofafterclaps, 
 
 3Intheprcrc 1 3 1 j.Robert king of Scot; beftcgeb the caffle cf Ruffin, toljichDingawyDo- 
 wil hclo againfl him, hotobcit at the latt the king tooke tlje cattle, 
 
 3|n tlje pecre 1 $ 1 6,buon the fcatt of Arcenfion,Richard Ie Mandeuile anb Ijis bjethjrn,toith 
 bitters great perfonages "of Irlandarriucb at Ramaldwathjucmaunbing to hatiebtctuals ano 1110- 
 jicp mtniflrcb bnto them, becatife thep bab # bcne fpoplcb bp their enemies, tobiclj maoe continuall 
 marrebpon them. TButluhen the tohole 'companp of tlje Manniahs anftoercbtbattbeptooulo 
 gittf nothing.tljep pjocecbcb againtt them in toatlike maner bJith ttoo banbs , till tfjep lucre come 
 unbcrthcGDcof the bill caUcbWarthfeMn tlje ficlbetoljerclohn Mandeuile rcmaincb.ano there 
 flatting fought a battell, tlje Irifh ottercame tlje people of Man, anb fpoileb tlje 31tlanb anb tlje 
 9bbep of Ruffin alfo : anb toben tljep bab reticleb a tobole monetlj in theijflanb, labitig their fljipa 
 jhep returncb Ijome* 
 
 The mariage of the daughter of Harald, flaine hy William 
 the Conquerour.vnto Ierujlaas duke olRuffu , taken out of . 
 the p. Booke of the Danifb hilioric written by Saxo 
 Grammaticus. hn.D,io6], 
 
 1067 fe i^V 7^5? Araldoc:efo,filijeiusduoconfcftiminDaniamcumfororcmigrarunr.Quos 
 
 " Sweno.paterniillotum meritioblitusconfanguinexpietatis moreaccepir, 
 1 puellamque Ruthenorum regi Waldemaro , (qui & ipfe Iariflaus afuis eft 
 1 appellatus)nuptum dedir. Eidem poitmodum noftri temporis dux, vt fan- 
 guinis.ita & nominis hasres, ex filia nepos obuenit. Itaque hinc Britannicus, 
 inde Eous fanguis in falutarem nofiti principis ortum confluens commu- 
 nem ftirpem duarum gentium ornamentum effecit. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 HArald being flaine his ttoo tonnes toith their flier fpcb c&emfelue? immebfatlp into Den- 
 marke. ©Ltbotn S wenofojgetting tljeir fathers befcrts rccciueb in mott kinae anb frienDlp 
 maner.anb bett olueb the pong bamofell in mariage bpon Waldemarus king of Ruffia ibIjo toas al- 
 focallcb bphiesfubiects Iariflaus. afterioarbtljefaibWaldemarusljabbphisbaughterancpheui 
 fceingbuke at this p?efcnt,b)bo fuccecbcb his pjebeeeflbur botlj in lineal befcent anb in namealfo* 
 22lhfrefo?ctheCngliffjbIooO on the ene floe anb the Ruffian on the other floe concurring to tlje 
 topfull -bit t jj of our pjince, caufeb tljat mutual kinreo to be an ojnamew bnto botlj nation?. 
 
 The 
 
{£>ke Cinque Ports. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 
 
 l 7 
 
 The Itate of the (hipping of the Qnque ports from Edward the 
 Confdfour and WiUitm theConqiierour, and fo downe to Ed- 
 
 nw^thefirlljfaichfully gathered by the leatned Gentleman M. 
 Wtllaim Lambert in his Perambulation of Kent,out of 
 the moit ancient Records ofEngland, 
 
 jfinbcin thebooke of tlje gcnerall furucp of the Rcalme, toljich William 
 tlje Conqucrour caufco to bee mane in tlje fourth pcere of Ijis reigne, anD to 
 be calico Domefday ,becatife (as Matthe w Patife faith) it fpareb no man but 
 tuDgcball mcninDiffercntlp,as the Lord in tljat great bap toil bo,that Douer, 
 Sandwich, anb Rinnney,toere in tlje rime of K.Edward tlje <Eonfcu"bur,Di[> 
 cbargeo almofl of all maner of inipoGcions anb burbens (tobiclj otljcr totones 
 Dtbbeare)intonftDcxationoffucl)feruiccto bee bone bptbciubpon the ;§>ca, 
 as in their fpecial titles mall hereafter appeare. 
 
 ©Hhereupon, although 31 might grouno rcafonable coniccture.that the immum'tie of the batten 
 '©otoues ( toljictj toe notoe callbp a ccrtainc number, tlje Cinque Ports) might take tbetr begin* 
 ning from tlje fame Edward : pet fo? as mtitlj as 31 rcao in tlje Cljartrc of K.Edward the fivB after 
 tlje conquefl (toljicb is rcpojteo in our booke of entries) 91 rccicall of tlje graunts of funo;tp kings 
 to theFiuc Pons.tlje fame reaching no higher then to William tlje Conqucrour, 31 toilllcaue mp 
 coniecture.anb leanc to Ijis Cljartre: contenting mp felfc to peelce to the Conquerour,t|je thankes 
 of other mens beusfits.ftctngthofcbJhtcIjUicrebenefiteD.toerettifelpcontentebCas tlje cafe then 
 Good) to like better of his confirmation (ojfcconb gift) then of K.Edwards firtt graunt,anocn= 
 botoment. 
 
 3no to tlje enae tljat 31 map p?ocecb in fome maner of arrap , 31 mill 6r(! fbetoe,tobicb totones 
 lacrc at tlje beginning taken fo? tbeFiue Ports, ana toljat others be noto rcputcbin the fame num= 
 berifcconblp, tohat feruicetljep ought, ano tiits in times paffeDianblau^tobatpjiailcbajcscbep 
 Ijaue therefore, ana b? toljat perfons tljrpljaue bene gouemeb. 
 31f 3 ujoiilDiubgc bptlje common, anD rune berfe, 
 
 D ouer,Sandwicm,Rj, Rum, Frigmare ventus, 
 
 amuafapjthatDouerjSandwicVijRie^umney.anbWinchelfey/fojthatigjFrigmarevcn- 
 tus)be tlje Fiuc Ports: 3gaine,if 31 fijoulb be ruleo bp the Rolle toljicb reciteth tlje Ports that feno 
 Sarong to tlje parliament^ muft then abbe to tbcfe,Haftings anb Hyde,fo]i tljep alfo Ijaue tljeic 
 Karons as toell aa tlje otherrano Co fljoulb 31 not onelp,not fijeto tobicb were tljeflrtt Fiue,but alfo 
 (bpabDit!onoftb)3ot!jers)increafebotl)thenumber,atibDoubtfttlnetre. Leauingtbeberfecbere* 
 fo?e, foj ignorance of tlje autljour anb fufpition of Ijis autljo?itie, ano fojfaking the Rollc ( as not 
 afTiircb of theautiqtiitte)3i toillflecto Henry Brafton.amanboth ancient,learneb,anbcreDiblc, 
 lnljich liueb buber K.Henry the tljirDe,ano tojoce (abotie th?ee buntyeth pet res Gnce) learneblp of 
 tbclatoesoftbisRealmc, 
 
 5?c(3J fap)in tljctljirb booke of his toojke.anb treatife of the Crowne, taktngin banc to Qjetoe 
 the articles inquirablc before the Iulhce in Eire,(o|i Itinerent,as toe calleb them ; becaufe tbep bfeo 
 to rioe from place to place throughout tlje Eealme.fo? aominiflration of iufiice)fettctlj fo?tlj a fpe* 
 
 ciaIfourmeofwrits,tobebitCCtebfeueraHptO tbcBailifesofHaftings, Hithe, Rumney,Doucr, 
 
 anb Sand wich,commanbing them, that tljep iboulb caufe ttocntie $ foure of their Karons (fo? fo 
 theirKtirgetTcs,o? totonefmcn,ano tlje citizens of London likctoifc, toeretoont tobetcrmcb)to 
 appeare before tlje ISings 3iufftccs at Ship wcy in Kent(as tljep acculTomcb to bo)tljere to enquire 
 of fitch points,as fljoulo be gitien in charge. CObicb bone,ljee abbeth mo?eouer,tbat fojfomucb as 
 there teas oftentimes cotention bettoeene tljcm of the Fiue Ports.gr tlje inhabitantsof Yarmouth 
 mNorfolke.anBDonwichiuSiiffolke.cijcre&joulobcfeucralltojitsDircctcbtothemalfo.rctur' 
 nable before the fame 3Iufiices at tljefamebap anb place, reciting, that toljete tlje Jamgljabbp bis" 
 fojmet tojits fommoneo tlje pleas of the Fme Ports to bee holcen at Shipwey, if anpof tlje fame 
 totones hab caufetocompIaiueofanp(beingtoitljinthelibntiesofthefaiDPorts) Ijeujoulbbcat 
 Shipwey to p?opounb againtt him,anb there to receiuc acco?bing to lato ano 3!uflicr, 
 
 ■&bus much 31 recite out of Bra6ton,partIp to fljeto that Shipwey boas before K. Edward the 
 firflstime,theplaceofaircmblpfojtljepicesoftheFiuePort»:partlptonotifietheoifference,anD 
 controucrfie that long time fincetoas bettoeene thefe Ports.anb tljofe other totones : 23utpur« 
 
 pofclp,anb Cljieflp, to pjoue^ljat Haftings, anb HitheJDoucr, Rumney.anbSandwich.tocre in 
 
 Braflons time accompteb the Fiuepjincipallljauens o? Ports, tohicljtoereenbotoebtoithp?iui« 
 Ieoge,anbIjab tlje fame rattfiebbp tlje great Chartre of €nglano. 
 Neither pet toill 31 Denp,but that foone after, Winchelfey anb Rie might be aooeb to t{je num= 
 
 V 3 ber, 
 
 ^Thcanriqtiitfe 
 
 ol tlje yojts, 
 
 1070. 
 
 
 I 2 JO. 
 
 «iti«nBtocte 
 rallcn Igaraiia 
 molDMiic. 
 
 Contention 
 
 llCIUlcenc Yar. 
 
 ii!outh,anD t(je 
 Jriiicieojw. 
 
 I250. 
 Jtiuiquiruof 
 
 Vaimouch fiHi." 
 Ulg 
 
 n<53. 
 
i8 TheEnglidiVoyages^Nauigations, The QnqueTorts 
 
 ber jfoj a too m au olo tecojoe^at king Henry tbe thiro tookc into Ijis otone banbs (foj ifje bcc« 
 teroefence of tlje IRealme) tlje totoneg of Winchelfey.and Rie,toljtcb belonged befo?c co tbe 99o= 
 natterieof Fefcampe in Normandie.anogauetbertfojeinercljange, the;$ano?of Chilthamin 
 G.'ouccftet fhirc,$ oiuers otljcr lands in Lincolneftnre, 'Kbts ijc bio.partlp to conceal* from tlje 
 Priors Aliens tlje intelligence of tbe fecret affaires of bis Kealme,and partlp becaufe of a great dif« 
 obedience ^crcelTe.tbattoas committed up tlje inljabitants of Wincelfey, agatnfl ^hice Edward 
 Jjis elded fonnc. 9no cljercfo?e 3 altbougb 31 ran eafilp be led to tbinke^bat be fubmitted tljem fo? 
 tljeir correction to tbe ojoer, andgouernanceof tbcFiue pons.,pet3i{Iam)OoubtfuUtob£tljerbee 
 madetljem partners oftbeitpjiutleoges^nOjfojtbatbaolmie a p?cferment,anbnopuni(rjmciit 
 Unto tbetm but 51 fufpccc ratber, tljat bis fonne king Edward tlje 6r8, (bp toljofe encouragemenc 
 
 ajsmcftcirtp andaide,olde Wmchelfey toas aftertoard abandoned, and tbenetoe totone builoed) teas tlje firtt 
 
 fitit biuiDED. t jj at apparent trje m vduIj tljat preeminence. 
 1 2 7 7- ^ptbiStberefojeletitappearejtbatHaHingSjDoue^HichejRiimney.anDSandwichjtoere 
 
 tbeficflpojts of pjtuilcoge:VDbicb(becaufetbep were j,in number) botb at tljefirligauc.anopet 
 ronttnue,to all tbe rc&"oue,tljenameof Cinque Ports, altbougbnot onelp Wmchelfey ano Rie,be 
 (Cnce tljat time) incorporated toitlj tbcm asprincipals, but diuers otber places alfo(fo?tbe eafeof 
 tbeir cljarge)be crept in,as partes, lims,ano members of tbe fame, 
 
 33oto tberefo?e,fomcinbat fljalbe fain, as toucbing tbe feruices tfjac tbcfe Ports of ouetie otoe, 
 and in deed Ijaue oone,to tbe i9?inces : toljerrof tlje one (31 meane toitb tobat number of beu"els,in 
 toljat maiier of furniture,ano for botolong feafon,tbep ougljt to toait on tbe king at tbe sg>ca,bpott 
 tbeir otone cbarges) fljall partlp appeare bp tljat toljtcb toe fljall prefentlpfap, and partlp bp tljat 
 toljiclj fljall follotoe in Sandwich, and Runiney : %l)e otber fljall bee made manifefl bp eramples, 
 D^atone out of good Ijifiojics: ana tljep botfc fljall be tefttfied bp tbe too jD3 of king Edward tbe firii 
 in Ijis otone CDljartre, 
 
 Cljebooke of Domefday before retuembreo, rfjargetlj Douer toitlj ttoentie vjcflils at tbe tea, 
 toljereof cclje to be furnifljed toitlj one and ttoentie men fo; fifteene oaves togetljer : aim fait b fur* 
 tljer 3 tljat Rumney and Sandwich anftoereb tbe like feruice.15ut noto tobftljer tbis (like) ougljt 
 to be bnbet ttoobe of tbe like altoge tbe r, botlj in refpect of tbe number anb fcr tiice.o? of tlje(likc)in 
 retpect of feruice, according to tlje proportion of tbeir abilitie onelp, 31 map not ijerebp take bpon 
 me to derermine,j7o? on tbe one fibe,if Rumney, Sandwich, anb tlje retidue.fijoulo liketotfe finoe 
 ttoentie bcffcls a pi ece,t ben (as pou fljall anone fee) tbe flue Ports toere fubiecc to a greater cljarge 
 at tljat ttme.tben JKing Edward tbe firfl lapo bpon tbem : 3nd on tbe otljer Gde,if tljep toere onelp; 
 cljargeable after tbeir proportion, tljenknoto 1 notijoto farre to burtljen tljcm,fecmg tlje Kccojto 
 of Domefday it felfe,binoetlj tbem to no certeintie.ano tljerefoje leauing tljis as 31 fino tt,3] mull 
 clfetobere make inquifition fo? mo^eltgbtfome pjoofe. 9no firtt 31 toill baue recotirfe to king Ed- 
 ward tlje firfi btS Cbattre in tobicb 31 teab, tljat At ech time that the King paffeth ouer the fea, 
 the Ports ought to rigge vp fiftie and icuen (hips, (whereof euery one to haue twentie armed 
 fou!diers)and to mainteine them at their owne colres,by the fpacc of fifteen e dayes together. 
 8notbus it ffoooe toitlj tlje $ojts fo?tljctr general! cljarge, in tbe fat peereof Ijigrctgne, foj 
 tbentoastbisCljartrefealco, asutastoucbmgtbeparticttlarburrljcnofcrbone, 31 baue feene 
 ttoo oiuers teflimonKSjOf tobttb tlje firtt i» anote in Frcnch(bearing tbe countenance of a Eecojo) 
 anb is intituIcb,to baue bene renucb in tbe ttoo anb ttoentiepeere of tbe Eeignc of tbe fame king, 
 bpStephan Penchcfte;,tben Conflable of Douer Caflle, in to|jiclj tbe particular c(jarge is fet 
 Dotoncintljismancr. 
 
 Cbe lPo?t of Haftings ottgbt to mttie tbjee ftjtps. 
 
 Cbe lotoie Of Peuenfey,one 
 
 Buluerhitheanb Petit Iahn,ont, 
 
 Bekesborne in fitcnt,feuen. 
 
 Grenche at Gillingham in Kent,ttoa men anb armout,toitb tbC Djips Of Haflings. 
 
 djetotoneofRie.fiue, 
 
 ILa it toas Tenterdene annercb,in tbe time of Stino; Henrie tbe Cjt, 
 
 •Stbe totone of Winchelfeyjtenne, 
 
 %\)Z IPojt Of Rumney, foure» 
 
 Lydde.feuen. 
 
 ^Dlje Po?t Of Hythe,fiue« 
 
 %\)t Ipojt of Douer,nineteene. 
 
 %\)t totone of Folkeftone,feuen, 
 
 Cbe totone of Feuerfham.feuen, 
 
 ■©belpojtofSandwebjtotth, StonorjFordwjch.Dale.&c.fiuf,. 
 
 1278, 
 
( £he Qn cjue Torts. Trafriques,andDifcouene s. 19 
 
 'Cljefe ftjips tljcp ougljt to finoe upon fo;ttie Dapes fummons , armeD ano arrapeo at tljeir otone 
 cljarge.ano in Kljoftljemttocntic men, beftoestbe pallet of tbe£©arincrs : allttbiclj tljep fljall 
 Ithettife maintcinc fiue oapes togetljer at tbeir ottne tofts, giuing to tlje S0aiftcr fire pence bp the 
 Dap, to t tjc Conflable ftjrc pence, ano to ectj ctbet partner 1 1; j ec pence. aho after t (jofe fine capes 
 enDeo,tbe Sing (ball Defrap tlje cljarges, 
 
 ^Ijeotljtrisa JLatineCuttumall oftbetottneof Hyde, tljetobicljaltbougljitpjetcnDnotfo 
 great antiqnitp as t !je fi rfl , pr t feemetij it to me to import as mucb j mo je like Uljooo aim creDit : 
 3ltttanDetbtbus. 
 
 Thefebethe Fiuc Ports of our foueraignc Lord the King hauing liberties, which other 
 Ports haue not :Hafting,Romenal,Hcth,Douer,Sandwich,thechiefe To wnes, 
 
 %\)t fcrtrices Due bp tlje fame, 
 HaftingfljallfinDeai.ftjtps, mctterpujip2i.men, anDa®arcion, o? Tr5op, torjtcb is rallen a 
 Gromcc. Coitpertcine (as tlje members of one tottnc) tljeg>ea(bo?cmSeford, Pcuenlhey, 
 
 Hodeney, Wincheliey, Rie,Ihame,Bekcsbourne,Grcnge,Northie,Bulvverheih, 
 
 Romenal 5 . fljipa, m euerp Q)tp 2 1 .men, anD a ©arcion ; %o it pert cute, as members ttjere* 
 
 0f,Promhell,Lede,Eaftweftone,Dengemareys,0lDeRumney. 
 
 Hethe 5, ujips,as Romenal befoje. Co it perteinetlj tbe Wefthethe. 
 
 Douer2i,ftjipS,aS Halting before. SCoitperteine, Folkftane, Feuerfham, anDg>,Marga- 
 rets, not concerning tlje lano ,but foj tlje gooos anD catteis. 
 
 Sandwich 5. fljips, as Romenal.anoHethe, 'EoitperteineFordwich,Recu!uer,Scrre, anD 
 Dele, not fo? tlje foile, but fo? tbe gooos. 
 
 feummeofftjips57, 
 
 §) umme of tlje men 1 1 8 7, anD 57 . (Sar cions* 
 
 Cljis ferut'ee, tlje Karons of tlje Fiue Ports Doe' acfcnotolebge to otoe to tlje King, bpon fttm» 
 mons perelp (if it rjappen) bp tlje fpace of 1 5 ,DapeS togetljer, at tljeir ottne cofts anD cljarges, ac« 
 counting that fo? tlje Rett Dtp of tlje 15. in ttljiclj tljep (ball fpjeao tljeir failes to goe tottaros tbofe 
 parts ttjat tlje King intenoetlj : ano to ferue fo long after 1 5 , Dapes, as tlje King toill, at bis ottne 
 papanottages, 
 
 Cljus mucb out of tljefe ancient notes , toberebp pour felfe map eaGfp Difcerne tbe Difference : 
 but tobetljtr tlje one oj tlje otljer, 0? (bp reafbn of fome latter Difpenration) nettljer of tbefe , Ijaue 
 place at this Dap , 31 mull referre it to tbem tbat be p jiuie, anD of counfell tti t b tlje Ipojts : ano fo 
 leatting tbis alfo DnDcciDeDjbolDe on tbe ttap,toljerein 31 am entreD, 
 
 Cbts Duct ie of attenoance tljcrefo?e (being oeuifeo fo; tbe bonourable tranfpo station, ano fafe 
 conDuct of tlje Kings ottneperfon 0; Ijis armie otter tbe narrott S>eas) tlje pijtsfjaue not onelp 
 rooftDiltgentlp euerlince tbat time perfo?meD,but furtbermoje alfo baltantlp beljaueD tbemftlues 
 againft tbe enemie from time to time, in funtgieerploits bp toater, as occaGon batb benepjofereo, 
 0; tbe necelfitte of tbe Kealme requireo, 
 
 9nD amongft otber feats not bnttoojt&p perpetuall remembjance , after fucb time as Lewes m, e g0 nt. r«. 
 (tbe eloeft fonne of tbe Jfrencb King) bao encreD tbeKealme to aioe Stephan Langton rlje arcfj* «l tt of ' & e fiw 
 biujop,anD tlje 3i2obilitie,in tlje life of King lohn,amj baD fent into France fo; nett fupplpof foul* 
 Diets after biSDeatb, Hubert of Borough (tbencaptaiue of Douer) follotoingtljeopinionof The- j ■, 1 7t . 
 miftoclesintljceruotttionof tbeo?acleoftbettooDDen ttalles,bptlje atDeoftlje^ojttottncs, " 
 armeD fo?tie tall ujtps,anD meeting ttitb eigbtie faile of jfrencfj men bpon tlje bigb feas,gaue tljcm 
 a moft couragious encounter ,in tobiclj be took fome.funfee otbers,anD DifcomfiteD tlje reft. 
 
 King Henrietlje tljirDalfo.after tbat be came to riper age.bao great benefit bp tbe fertiicc of tfje 
 Cinque Ports : 9nD king Edward tlje firft in bis Cbartte, mafteclj tbeit continual! faitbfull fcr= 
 vatt (anD efpeciallp tljeir gooD enoeuour.tbenlatelp ftjetteD againft tbe MJelujmen) tbe principal! 1278. 
 caufe, anD motiiie of tbat Ijis liberal! grant, 
 
 jfurtbermoje, about tbe mifift of tbe reigne of tbe famefeing , anbunDjetlj faile of tbe jaauieof 
 t\a l?o?ts f ougbc at tbe S>ea ttitb a fleet of 2 o o. f rencb men , all toljicb (nottoitbftanoing tbe 1 29 3 , 
 greatoDDesoftljenumber)theptooke,anDflett, anDfunbefomanpoftbeSpariners,tljatFrance 
 toas tberebp (fo? a long feafon after) in manerDeftttute, botb of teamen, anDftjipping. 
 
 jTtnal!p,anD to concluDetbisspart, in tbe Dapes ofbingHenrie tbe fouttb, tbenauieoftbe Fiue 140^ 
 Ports, bitter tlje conDuct of one Henrie Paye, furp?ifeD one bunD?etb anD tttentte jjrenclj fljips, 
 all laDtntoitb ©alt,3Iron,©tle, anD no tooojfcmercbamrije, 
 
 •3tbep?iuileDges of tljefe 13o?ts, being firft granteobp Edward tbeConfeffour, anD William «S«wfa.ne»' 
 tbe Conquero«r,ano tben conftrmeD ano increafeo bj William Rufus, Henrietlje fcconD^lichard pS^? e fiI " 
 
 tbe 
 
 
Ti 
 1' 
 
 20 The Engliili VoyageSjNauigattons, "The Cinque ^orts 
 
 tlje fiifl, Henrie tt)£ tljico, mtohing Edward theftrii, be brrp great, conGocring f itljer tljc ijoncuc 
 ano eafc,oj the freeaoiue auD c?;emptioB,th8t the inhabitants haue bp reafon of tlje fame. 
 
 Part of an Epiftle written by one "ho otNarbona vnto the Arch- 
 
 bifhop of Burdeaax, conteiningthe confdfion of an Englifhman as touch- 
 ing the barbarous demeanour ofthe Tartars, which had liucd long among them, and 
 ■ was drawen along perforce with them in their expedition againft Hntgartc : Recorded 
 by LMathew Paris, in the yere of our Lord 1243. 
 
 'fiXlojorijCKfoje being pjouokea to inoignation, bp reafon of this ano other Unites rom= 
 mitten among las Cl#itttans.,t0 bccome.as it toe tc,a Defiroping eat mie,anD a D?eaDfull auen= 
 get. ^rjis 31 map lufllparTirmeto be trtte,becaufe an huge natton,ant> a barbarous ano inhumane 
 people, tohofelaunis larjalelTe, tu^ofetu;atrj tsfunou0,cuen tljcroD of ©000 anger, ouerrunnetb, 
 ano btterlptoafletb infinite countrepes, cruellpabolinjing all things inhere tbep come , toithftre 
 ano fuio?D. 9nDtbisp?cfent Summer, tlje fo?efapa nation, bring calleo Tartars, oenartingouc 
 Neufl«t. ef Hungarie, tobich tbep bao furp?ifeo bp treafon, lapo fiege bnto the berp fame || totone, tobercilt 
 
 31 nip fclfe abobc, lwtlj manp tboufanos of fottlDtcrs : neither tocre tljrre in tlje fapo toUine on out 
 pattaboue5OMnenofli)arre,li3bont,togetrjcru)itb2o.crofbou)e0,tberaptaii!ebatiIcftingam c 
 fon, 911 thefc, out of certcine Ijtgtj places, bebolDing the enemies baffearmie, anDabrjo?ringtbe 
 beaftlp crueltte of 3nticb?ifi fjts coinpltces,OgntficD foojtljtDtttj bnto tljctc gottcrnour,trje hiDcous 
 lamentations of bis <£b?ifiiaii fubiects , tobo fuDDcnlp being furp?ifeD in all tlje p?ouince aoiopu* 
 tng, without anp Difference 0? refpect of conoition, fortune, lere, 0? age, Were bp mnnifoloe cruel* 
 tics, all of them Deff ropcD : ttitrj tobofe catkeifes.tbe Tartarian chieftains, ano their bjutiflj ana 
 fauage followers, glutting themfelues, as With Delicious rates, left noting fo? buhurcs but the 
 bate bones. anDaCrangctbingitistoconftDtr.tljattljegrceDiefinDrauenousiiiilturesDifDeineo 
 cop?apebponanp of the reltques, Which remaineD. £DlDe, ano cefo?mco women the? gaue, astc 
 mere, fo? oaplp fuftenancc, bnto tljeir Canibals : tlje beautiful! DcuoureD thep not, but finotljcreo 
 ' them lamenting ano fcritcbing, With fojceD anD bnnaturall rauiflmunts. like barbarous mifcrc» 
 ants,thep quelleo birgins bnto Death, anD cutting off their tenner paps to p jefenr to? Deiiuies unto 
 tljeir magiff rates.tbe p cngo?geo tbemfclues With tbrir boDt'es. 
 ^obibeit, their fpials in tlje mcane time Difcrping from the top of an hied) mountaine tlje Duke 
 
 Of Auftria,tbe King of Bohemia, the Patriarch of Aquileia,tlje Duke Of Garinthia,anD (as fome 
 rcpo?t) the € atlc of Baden, with a migbtie power, anD in battell arap,app?oching t a war ds them, 
 thataccurreDcretoimmeDiatlpbanif&eD, anD all thofe Tartarian bagabonDSretireDtbemfelueis 
 into the DiCreffeD mtD banquifbeo lanD of Hungarie ; who as tbep came fuDDenlp, fo tbep oepartctJ 
 alfoon thefuDDeu t Which their celeritie cattfcD all men to ftaiio in honour ano affoniujmeneof 
 them. But of tlje fapofugitittcs, tbep?ince of DalmatiatooUe eight : one cfwbicb number the 
 Duke of Auftria knew to be an Cnglifb man , who tons perpetual Ip bani(l;eD out of the Eealme 
 of England, in regarD of certaine notorious crimes bpbirncemmitteo, Cbis fellow , ontbebc e 
 talfe of the mod tp?annicall king of the Tartars, haD bene ttoife, as a meffenger ano interpreter, 
 toith the king of Hungarie , menacing ano plainelp fojetelling tljafe mtfcljiefes tohicb aftermarij 
 bappeneu, bnlefle he uJoulDfubmithimfclfeaitD bis fcingoome bnto tlje Tartars poke* CiHcll, be< 
 ing allureD bp our princes to confeffe tlje true tb , be maoe fucb oatljes ano p jotefrations , as (31 
 thinke) the Deuill bimfelfe UjouId Ijaue beene trufteo fo?. 5f trtl tberefo?e Ijc repo?teD of Ijimfelfe, 
 
 lhatprefently after the time ofhisbanifhment,namely about the 50. yere of his age, hauing 
 loft all that he had in the citie oiAcon at dice, euen in the midft of Winter , being compelled 
 by ignominious hunger, wearing nothing about him but afhirtoffacke, apaireoffhooes, 
 and a haire cappc onely, being fbauen like a foole, andvtteringanviicothnoifeasifhehad 
 bene dumbe, he tooke his iourney, and fo traueiling many ccuntrcyes , and finding in diuers 
 places friendly encerteinnient,he prolonged his life in this maner for a fcafon,albeit cuery day 
 by rafhneffe ofipeech , and inconftancie of heart, he endangered himfelfe to the deuill. At 
 len°th, by teafon ofextreametrauaile, and continuall change of aire and ofmeats in Caldea, 
 he fell into a grieuous fickeneffe , infomuch that he was wearie of his life. Not being able 
 therefore to goforward or backe ward, and flaying there a while to refrefh himfelfe, he began 
 (being fome what learned) to commend to writing thofe worde's which hee heard fpoken, 
 and within a fhortfpace, fo aptly to pronounce, and to vrter them himfelfe, that he was repu- 
 ted for a natiue member ofthatcountrey : and by the fame dexteritie he attained to manie 
 languages. This man the Tartars hauing intelligence of by their fpies.drew him perforce in- 
 to their focictie : and being admonifhed by an oracle or vifion , to challenge dominion ouer 
 
 the 
 
The Tartars. Trarriques ? and Difcouenes. zi 
 
 tlie wnole earth, tncy allured nun by many rewards to their faithtuli Jeiuice , bynaion that 
 they wanted Interpreters. But concerning their maners and inpeiftitions, ofthe difpofition 
 and Mature or their bodies, of their countrey and mancr of fighting &c, he proteiled the parti- 
 culars following to be true : namely, that they were aboue all men, couctous,hafty,deceit full, 
 and mercile{Te:notwithftanding, by rcaibn ofthe rigour and extremitie of pumfhments to be 
 inflicted vpon them by their fuperiours,they are rcflreincd from braw lings, and from mutuall 
 itrifc and contention. The ancient founders and fathers oftheir tribes, they call by the name 
 ofgods, and at certaine fet times they doe celebrate folemne feafts vnto them, many of them 
 being partictil3r,& but foure onely general!. They thinke that all things are created for them- 
 feluesalone. They efleeme it none offence to exercife cruelty againif rebels, Theybehardie 
 and flrong in the bread, leaneandpale-faced , roughandhuf lhouldred, hauing flatte and 
 fhort nofes,long and ftiarpe chinnes,their vpper iawes are low and declining, rheir teeth long 
 and thinne,their eye-browes extending from their fore-heads do wnc to their nofes,their cies 
 inconftant and blacKe, their countenances wiithen and terrible, their extreame ioynts irrong 
 with bones and fine wes, hauing thicke and great thighes, and flicrt leg,s,and yet being equall 
 vnto vs in fhcure : for that length w hich is wanting in their legs, is lupplicdin the vpper parts 
 oftheir bodies. Their countrey in olde time was a land vtterly defei t and wafte , limited far 
 beyond Cbatiieaftom whence they haue expelled Lions,Beares,& fuch like vntamed hearts, 
 with theirbowes, and other engines. Of the hides of beads being tanned, they vfetofhape 
 forthemfclues light, but yet impenetrable armour. They ride fait bound vnto their horfes, 
 which are not very great in Mature, but exceedingly ftrong , and mainreined with little prc- 
 uender. They vie to fight conltantly and valiantly wich iauelins , maces, battle-axes , and 
 fwords. But (penally they are excellent archers, and cunning warricrs with their bowes. 
 Their backs are (lightly armed, that they may not flee. They withdraw not thcmfelues from 
 the combate, till they fee the chiefe Standerd oftheir Generall giue backe, Vanquifhed.they 
 aske no fauour, and vanquifhing, they fhe w no companion, "I hey all pcrfilf in their purpofe 
 of fubduingthe whole world vnder their ownefubiecfion , as if they were but one man, and 
 yetthey are moe then millions in number. Theyhaue 60000. Gourriers, who being fent 
 before vpon light horfes to prepare a place for the armic to incampe in, will in the fpace of one 
 night gallop three dayes iourney. Andfuddenlydiffufingthemfeluesoucranwholeprouince, 
 and furprifing all the people thereofvnarmed, vnprouided,difperfed,they make fuch horrible 
 {laughters, that the king or prince of the land inuaded, cannot finde people fufficientto wage 
 battell againrt them , and to withftand them. They delude all people and princes of regions 
 in time of peace, pretending that for a caufe, which indeed is no caufe. Sometimes they fay, 
 that they will make a voyage toColen, tofetchhome the three wife kings into their owne 
 countrey ; fometimes to punifh the auarice and pride ofthe Romans, who opprefled them in 
 times part; fometimes toconquere barbarous and Northren nations; fometimes to mode- 
 rate the furie oftheGermans w;th their owne meekemildnefle; fometimes to learne warlike 
 feats and ftratagetris ofthe French; fometimes forthefinding out of fertile ground to furrlce 
 their huge multitudes; fometimes againe in derifion they fay , that they intend to goe on pil- 
 grimage to S. IamesofCjalicix. In regard of which Heights and collufions certaine vndifcreet 
 gouernors concluding aleague with them, haue granted them free paflage thorovv their ter- 
 ritories, which leagues notwithftanding being violated,were anoccafion ofruine and deflru- 
 ction vnto the forefay d gouernours &c. 
 
 Libellus hrftoricus Ioannis deTlano Qtrpini, qui miiTus eft 
 Legatus ad Tartaros anno Domini 1 24c?. ab InnoceMio 
 
 quarto Pontifice maximo. 
 
 •■'■' ■■--. 
 
 Incipit Trologus in librum Tartarorum. 
 
 1 MnibusChriflifidelibusadquosprarfensfcriptuiTiperuenerit,fraterI«anne$ 
 de Piano Carpiniordinisfrairumrninorurn,Aportolica?fedis Legatus, nun- 
 1 cius ad Tartaros & nationes aliasOrientis,Dei gratiam in pratfenti, & glori- 
 aminfuturOj&deinimicisfuisgloriamtrinmphalem. Cum ex mandatofe- 
 dis Apoftolice; iremus ad Tartaros & nationes alias Oricntis,& fcircmtis Do- 
 mini Papa: Si venerabilium Cardinalium voluntacem,eIegimus prius ad Tar- 
 taros proficifci.Ttmebamus enim ne per eosin proximo ecclefia: Dei periculum immineret.Et 
 quamuis a Tartaris & alijs nationibus timcremus occidi, vel perpe tuo captiuari, vel fame, fiti, 
 
 algore, 
 
22, The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations ? The Tartars. 
 
 algore,2liu ) contumelia,& labor ibusniinijs,& quali vlcra vires attlig, (qi,£ omnia mulio piui- 
 quam prius crcdidimus, cxccpta morte velcaptiuitace perpetua nobis mukiplicitereuene- 
 runt) non tamcn pepercimus nobis ipfis, vc voluntatcm Dei lccundum Domini papa: manda- 
 tumadimplerepoflemus, & vtproficercmusinaliquoChriftianis,vcfaltem lcitaveracitcr'vo 
 luntate & intentione ipfoium^poflemus lllam parefacere Chriftianis, ne force fubito inuentes 
 inuenirent eosimparatos, ficut pcccatishominumexigentibusaliavicecontigic : &fecerunc 
 magnamftragem in populoChriftiano, Vnde quarcunquc pro veftra vtihtate vobis fcribi- 
 mus ad cautclam, tauto fecurius credere debetis,quanto nos cuncla ve) ipfi vidimus oculis no- 
 
 A Tmi 4 iT B " ^ r ' s > q u ip erannum &q uatuormen ^ es ^ ain P^ usam ^ uiau ' mus P cr ip(os& cum ipfisj acfui- 
 
 mus inter eos, vel audiuimus a Chriftianis qui furic inter cos captiui, & vt credimus fide dignis. 
 
 Fratcr Eencdiaus Mandatum etiam a fupremo pontifice habebamus, vt cuncla perlcrutarcmur& videreraus 
 
 Mann «ma omnia diligcntcr. Quod tam nos quam frater BenediSus eiufdem ordinis qui noftrai tribula- 
 
 loanmsde Piano ■ r • r ■ o •^~"° r • i\ !■ r * 
 
 Carpini. tionis hut locius & interpres fccimus Huoioic. 
 
 De terra Tartarorwn, fitu, qualitate & difpofitione 
 
 aeris in eadem. Cap.i. 
 
 SaT^^y/J Olentes ieitur fa6ta fcribere Tartarorum , vt lefiores facilius vakant innenire.hoc 
 (p*Xw/w modo per capicula delcribemus.Piimo quidem dicemus de terrr.Secundo de hemi- 
 ^Vyr^nibus. Tertioderitu. Quarto demoribus. Quinto de lpforuni imperro. Sextode 
 * 'bellis. Septimo de terris quas eorum dominio fubiugauerunt, Oclauo quomodo 
 
 ' Belloocctirraturcifdem. De terra pofiiimushoc modo traftare. In ptincipio quidem dice- 
 mus de litu ipfius:fecundodequalitate:tertiode difpofitione aeris in eadem. Terra vero prae- 
 diCtaeft in capofita parte Orientis in qua onensficut credimus coniungitur Aquiloni. AbO- 
 Ai.sdangorum, ricnte autem eft terra pofita Kyraiorum & etiam | Solaugoru : a mcridie funt terra: Saraceno- 
 occanusabA. rum : inter Occidentem& Meridiem Huyrorum, AbOccidenteprouinciaNaymanortim;ab 
 (juiione. Aquilone mari oceano circundatur. Haec vero in parte alqua eft nimium monruofa, & in ali- 
 
 qya eft campeflris,fed fere totaadmixraglarea,raroargillolaplurimum eft arenofa. Inaliqua 
 parte terra funt aliquaemodic2fylu£: alia vero eft finelignisomnino. Cibaria autem iuade- 
 coquunt & Cedent tam imperator quam principes & alij ad ignem factum de bourn ftercori- 
 bus Sc cquorum. Terra autem pia:di<3a non eft in parte centefima fru6tuofa : nee etiam po- 
 teftfruiiumportarenifiaquisfluuialibusirrigerur. Sed aqua&riui ibidem fimtpauchflu- 
 mina vero rarilTima vnde ibidem villi funt paucs; nee aliqua: ciuitares excepta vna , qua? ef- 
 le dicitur fatis bona ; nos autem non vidimus illam,fed fuimus prope ad dimidium diem, cum 
 Syia orda, curia apud Syram ordam effemus, qua: curia eft maio: imperaroris eorum. Et licet alias infrucSruofa 
 maioi imperaio- g^ q u anuiis non multum, tamen competenter eft alendis peconbusapta, Aer in ipfa eft mi- 
 rabiliter inordinatus.In media etiam fftate quando in alijs partibus folet calor maximus abun- 
 dare; ibifunttonitruamagna&fulgura, ex quibus homines quamplurimiocciduntirr, Ca- 
 Maiimsniucsin dunt etiam ibi eodem tempore maxima: niues. Jbifunt etiam frigidifiimorum ventorumtam 
 ailatcmTaita- max j ma » tempeftates ', quod cum labore vixpoflunt homines aliquandoequitare. Vnde cum 
 eflemus apud ordain (fie enim ftadones imperatoris apud cos & principum appellantur) iace- 
 bamus in terra prae magnitudine venti proftrati , & piopterpulueiis multitudinem videremi- 
 nimepoteramus. In ea etiam in hyeme nufquain pluit, fed in fftate : & tam modicum,qucd 
 Grando maxima, vix poteft aliquando puluerem &radices graminum madidare, Grando etiam ibi fa-pe maxi- 
 ma cadit, Vnde eo tempore quandofuitele&us, ckinfedercgniponidebuitimperator, no- 
 MaxmainunJa- bis in curia exiftentibus,tantacecidit grando, quodexfubita refolutione, ficut plenius intel- 
 tinexfubitagran- l e ximus,plufquamcentum& quadraginta homines in eadem curia fuerunt fubmerfi. Res au- 
 dinbteroiuuone. tem& habitacula^ura"de^u&a fuerunt, Ibi eft etiam in eftate fubito magnuscalor, &re- 
 pente maximum frigus. In byeme vero inaliqua parte cadunt maxiinasniues, in alia autem 
 paruae* Etvtbreuiterde terra concludam, magna eft, fedaliter, ficut vidimus oculis noftris, 
 iter qui™; men. (quia P« tydta circuendam quinque menfibus& dimidium ambu!auimus)m«ltovilior eft, 
 fiumscdimidij. quamdicefe valeamus. 
 
 DcfotmisTartarorum, deconiugio, veftibus 
 
 &babiiaculis eorum. Cap. 2. 
 
 DIfto de terra, de hominibuseft dicendum. Primo quidem formas defcribemusperfona- 
 rum. Secundbdeipforum coniugio fupponemus. Tertiodeveftibus. Quartodehabi- 
 taculis. Quintode tebus eoium. Forma perfonarutn ab hominibusalijseftremocaJnterocu- 
 
 los 
 
s £bcTartars. TraffiqueSjandDiicouenes. 23 
 
 1 
 
 losenim&genas plufquam a!ij homines funt lati. Gena: etiam fatis prominent a maxillis. 
 Gracilcs funt generalker incingulo exceptisquibufdampaucis, Pene omnes funt mcdiocris 
 ftatura?. Barba fere omnibus mimme crefcic. Aliqui tamen m infcriori labio & in barba modi- 
 cos habcnt crines,quos minime tondent. Super vcrcicem capitis in modum clericoium habenc 
 coronas,& ab aure vna vfque ad aliam,ad latitudincm trium digitorum fimiliter omes radunt. 
 Q^irafure corona: predicta:iunguntur. Super fronrem etiam ad latitudineniduorum digito- 
 rum limiliter omnes radunt. Ulos autem capillos qui (unt inter coronam& pmaxatam ralu- 
 ram crefccre vfque ad fupercilia finunt. Etexvtraque parte front's toudendo plufquam in 
 medio crines faciunt longos : reliquos vero crines permittunt crefcere vt mulieres, De quibus 
 faciunt duas cordas,& ligant vnamquamque poft aurem. Pedes etiam modicos habenr, Vxou 
 resverohabet vnufquifque quot poteft tenere. Aliquis centum , aliquis quinquaginta, ali- 
 quis decern, aliquis plures velpauciores: &orunibus parentibusgeneraliteriunguncur, cx- 
 ce f ta matre, filia, vel fororc exeadem matre, fororibus etiam ex patre : tamcn & vxores patris 
 pod mortem ducere poffunt. Vxorem etiam fracris alter frater iunior poft mortem vel alius de 
 parcntcla iunior ducere tenetur. Rcliquas mulieres omnes fine vlla different a ducunt in vx- 
 ores, &emunt eas valde pretiose a parentibus fuis. Poft mortem maritorumdefacili ad fe- 
 cundaconiugianon migrant, nifiquis velitfuamnouercam ducere in vxorem. Veltes aurem Veflw - 
 tam virorum quam mulierumfuntvnomodoformata*. Pallijs, cappisvelcapputijsvelpelli- 
 busnonvcuntur. Tunicas vero portancdeBukeramo, purpura, vel Baldaquino in hunc mo- 
 dum formatas, A fupremo vfque deorfum funt fcifia:, quia ante pectus duplicantur. A latere 
 vero iiniftro vna, & in dextris tribus ligaturis neituntur, & in latere & in finiftro vfque ad bra- 
 chial funt fciffe. Pellicia cuiufcunque funt generis in eundem modum formantur : fuperius 
 tamen pelliciumcxteriushabet pilum, fedapofterioribuseftapertum. Habet autem caudu- 
 lam vnam vfque ad genua retro. Mulieres vero qua: funt maritata: habent tunicam valde am- 
 plam & vfq; ad terram ante fciffam. Super caput vero habent vnum quid rotundum de vimini- 
 bus vel de cortice factum, quod inlongii protenditur ad vnam vlnam, & in fummitate definic 
 in quadrum : &abimo vfque ad fummuminarnplitudinefempercrefcit, &in fummitate ha- 
 bet virgulam vnam longam & gracilemde auro veldc argento feu de ligno,vel etiam pennam: 
 & eft aflutuTifuper vnum pileolum, quod protenditur vfque ad humeros, Inftrumcntumpre- 
 diitum elt teitum de buccaramo, fiue purpura vel baldaquino : fine quo inftrumento coram 
 hominibus nunquam vadunt,& per hoc ab alijs mulieribuscognofcuntur. Vit °ines autem & 
 iuueues mulieres cum magna difficultate a viris fuis poffunt difcerni : quum per omnia vefti- 
 untur ut viri, Pdeola habent alia quam alia: nationes, quorum formam intelligibiliter defcri- 
 berenon valemus. Stationes rotundas habent in modum tentorijpra:paratas,dc virgis&ba- Tabemacuk 
 culisfubtiliterfaitas. Supraveroinmedioroturidam habent feneftravnde lumen ingreditur, 
 & vt poffit fumus exire : quiafemper in medio ignem faciunr* Parietes autem & redta filtro 
 funt cooperta, Oftia etiam de filtro funt facta. Qusedam ftationes funt magna:, quardam par- 
 ui,fecundum dignitatem & hominum paruitatem, Quidam foluunturfubito&reparan- 
 tut, Scfuperfomariosdeferuntur. Quazdam diflbluinon poffunt, fedincurribusdeferuntur. 
 Minoribus autem in curru ad deferendum vnus bos ; maioribus tres vel quatuor, vel etiam plu- 
 res.vel quod eft magis/ufficiunr ad portandum, QuocUnque vadunt fiue ad bellum, fiue ali- 
 as, femperillasdeferuntfecum. In animalibus funt diuites valde: in camelis, bobus.ouibus, opesinpecotd 
 capris, & equis. Iumentorutn tantam habent multitudincm , quantam non credimus habere 
 totum mundum. Porcos Sc alias beftias minime habent. 
 
 De cultu & de hijs qua: credunt eiTepeccata.,& de diuinatio- 
 
 nibut & ritufuneris eorum, & de purgatiombus fuorum 
 peccatotum. Cap. j, 
 
 DT&odehominibu^dicendumeftderitu : dequo tradlabimus in hunc modum. Prlmo 
 de cultu : fecundo de hijs qua: credunt effe peccata : tettio de diuinationibus, & puroati- 
 onibus peccatorum : quarto de ritu funeris. Vnum Deum credunt, quern credunt efte facto- 
 rem omnium vifibilium&inuifibiliurti. Et credunt cum tam bonorum in hoc mundo quant 
 pcenarumeffefa&orem : non tamen oratiorlibus vel laudibus , autritualiquoipfumcolunt. 
 Nihilominus habent idola qusedam de filtro ad imaginem hominis facta ; &i!)a pomintcx v- 
 trao.ueparteoftijftationis, & fubtus illaponunt quiddam de filtro in modum vberis factum, 
 & ilia credunteffepecotum cuftodes, & eis beneficium laclis & pullorum prarftare. Al a vero 
 faciunt de pannis fericis, & ilia multum honorant. Quidamponunt ilia in pulchro curru tec"to 
 ante oftium ftationis : & quicunq; aliquid de illo curtu furatur, Cmz vlla miferatione occiditur. 
 
 Duces, 
 
MartyriumMi- 
 cbaelibduGJS 
 
 RulTix, 
 
 RVel.Sdruogie. 
 Andreas dux 
 
 Dc (iiperflitiofls 
 jtraditionibus e- 
 orum. 
 
 BtOsOTWf. 
 
 A-:itniiunc 
 
 24. The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 Duccs,mUenanj,&: centenan) vnuai lemper habent in medio (lationis. Prsdiiiis idoJis otfe- 
 runcprimum lac omnis pecoris&iumenti. Et cum primocomedc re &bibereincipiunt, pri- 
 me offcrunt eis dc cibarijs & pom, Eccum beftiam aliquam oecidunr,off.Tunt cor laolo ciuod 
 eft in cutru in aliquo cypho,& dimittunt vique mane,& tunc aut'eiunt de prafcnna eius,& de- 
 coquunc & manducant. Prime etiam imperacori faciunt idolum , quod ponum in airru, ante 
 quamibtionemhonorificejficuc vidimus ante ordamiaipcratorisiltiuSjoftcruntniuncran-.u!- 
 ta. Equos etiam offerunteij quosnullus audet afcendere vique ad mortem. Alia cciam ani- 
 malia eidem oftcrunt, Qiiseveroocciduntadmanducandum, nullum os ex eis confiinouHt 
 iedignicomburunr. Et etiam ad meridiem tanquam Deo iiichi:aiH,&:inclinare faciunt alios 
 nobiles, quifeseddunt eifdem. Vndenupercontigit quod Michael, quifuitvnusdcmaur.is 
 ducibus Rudia:, cum iuilTet ad ic reddendum Bati,fecerunteumprius inter duos ignes tranliret 
 Poft hoe dixerunt,quod ad meridiem Cyngis caniiiclinarct. Qnireipondir,quodBati &fer- 
 uis fuis inclinarct libenter, iedimaginihominismertuinoninclinaret, quia non licet hoc fa- 
 cere Chriftianis. Etcumfepediceretur,quodindinaret, &noller, mandauitcipisdictuspec 
 filiumleroflai, quod occidercturfinon inclinarct, Quirefpondit, quod potiusvclletmoii^ 
 quam hoc faceret, quia non liceret. At ille fatellitem vnum mifit, qui tam diu contra ccr eum 
 in ventre calcepercuifit, quoufquedeficeret. Tunc quidamde fuis militibus qui aflsbat con- 
 fottanseumd.xit: Eftorobufius quia hsec pcena non diu tibi durable, & flatim fequeturgau- 
 dium fempiternum : poft hocfuic caput eiuscultelio prarcifum, Militiveroproedidtofuit ca- 
 put etiam cultclloamputatum.SoIem igiturlumina&ignemveneiantui & auoraiK,& aquam 
 & tetram.eis ciborum & potus primitias offcrentcs,& mane poiilTime antequam comedant 8c 
 bibant : quia de cultu Dei nullam legem obferuanr, Neminem cogunt fuam fidem vel legem 
 negare, Accidit tamendumadhue nuper elTemus in terra quod Andreas dux dej|Saruogle 
 qua; el: in Ruflia fuic apud Bati accufatus, quod educeiet equos Tarcarorum de ie:ra & vende- 
 ret alias. & cum tamen non eiTetprobarumfuir occifusiquedaudiensiuniqrfiatcreius.vcnit 
 cum vxore occifi ad duccm prxdiCtum Bati,volens fupplicare ; ne terra toHerctur eifdem. Qui 
 dixit par tiTe,quodvxorcmfratriscarnaIispnedic/tiduccret in vxorei&jiiulieri pracepitduceie 
 ilium in virum fecundum confuetudinem Tartarorum. Qui reipondic,quod prius vellet occi- 
 di,quam faceret contra legem. At ille nihilominustradidit earn illi, quamuisrenuerat quan- 
 tum poflet : & duxcrunt amboin le£to,& pofucrunt pueium iupcrillam plorantem & claman- 
 tem,&cogcrunteoscommifcericoadtionenonconditionali, ledablcluta, Quamuisdciulti- 
 tiafacienda, vel peccatocauendo nullam habeant legem, nihilominus tamen habent aliquas 
 traditiones,qiiasdicuntcffepeccata:quasconfinxeruntipfi&patreseoiuir,Vnumeit,culteI- 
 lum figere in ignc, vel etiam quocunquemodo tangerecumcuitello : vel cum cultellocxtra- 
 herecarnesdecaIdario:iuxtaignem etiam incidere cum fecuri, Credunt etiam quod licau- 
 ferricaputdebeatigni, Itemappodiarefead flagellum, cumquopercuuturequusilplienim 
 calcatibusnonvtuntur, Icemtangeteflageilis kgittas. Item iuuenesauesoccidcie, vel acei- 
 perc: cumfrcenoequumpercutere. Item oscumofle alio fiangere. Item lac vel aliquempo. 
 turn vel cibumfuper terrain effundere, Inifauoneiningerc, fed fivoluntariefacirocciduur : 
 fjautemaliter,oportet quod pecuniafoluaturincantatozi, qui purificeteos: faciateti.un fiatio- 
 nem 8c ea qnz in ipfa funt inter duos ignes traniire, Sed antequam ficpurificc tur nuljkis audet 
 iiurare vel aliquid de ipfa portate, Icein fi alicui morfus imponitur, & deglutire non potcfi,& 
 de ore fuo eijeit eum, fit foramen fub ftatione ; & extrahunt per lllud foramen, & fine vila mife- 
 ricordiaocciditur. Itemfialiquis calcatlimen ftationisalicuiusducisintcrficitureodem mo- 
 do, Ec mul:a habent fimilia , dequibuslongum ell narrate, Sed homines occiderc, aliorum? 
 terra$inuadere,res aliorum accipere, quocunque iniufto mo Jo fornicari, alijs homii.ibus iniu- 
 riari,faccre contra Dei prohibitiones &Deiprxccpta,nuIlum eft peccatum apud cos. De vita 
 gterna & damnatione perpetua,nihil Iciunt. Gredunt tamen quod port mortem in alio (eculo 
 viuant, greges multipliccnr, comedant, bibant, & alia faciant, qua? in hec feculo a viuentibus 
 hominibus fiunr. Diuinationibus.,augurijs, arulpicijs,veneficijs,!ncantationibusmultumin- 
 tendtmt. Ec cumadarmonibusipfisrefpondetur, credunt quod Dcusipfisloquatur, quern 
 Deum vccantItoga:fedComaniCham,idefl:,imperatoremipfumappcl!aat,quemmirabili- 
 ter timent & reuerentur : ac oblationcs offerunt mukas, & primitiasxibi &: potus. Secundum 
 autemrefponfa ipfius faciunt vniuerfa, Inprincipio etiamlunationisvclpleniiunioincipiunt 
 quicquidnouiagerc yolunt, Vndeillam magnum imperatoi em appellant, eiquc genua Ac- 
 count &deprecaiitur, Soleni dicunt eflematremlunse, eo quod lumen afolerecipiar. Et vc 
 breuiter dicam per ignem credunt omnia purificari, Vnde cum nuncij veniuntadeos, vel 
 principesjvel qualefcunq; pcrfona;,oportet ipfos & muneia que portant per duos ignes trani- 
 ire, vtpuHficentur, Iteraficaditignisdeccelofupcrpecora, vel lupcrhoiriines, quod ilidem 
 
 farpe 
 

 YheTartars. TrafFiques,andDiicouenes, 15 
 
 Jfepe contuigiCjIuic aliquid talium eucncnt tis,per quod immunuos leu infortunatos fc rcpu- 
 tant,oportet fimiliterperincantatores mundari. Ec quafi omnemfpem luam in caiibus pofu- 
 crunt , Quando aliquis eorum infirmatur, poniturinftationceiusvnahafta, Sc contra il- Rims r«n«brjj, 
 lam filtrumcircumuoluitur nigrum :& ex tunc nullusaudet alienus poftes ftaiionum intrare, 
 Et quando incipit agonizare,omnes recedunt ab co; quoniam nullus de ijs qui morti eius alli- 
 ttunt, poteftordam alicuius ducis vel imperatoris vfq; ad nouam lunationom inttare. Cum au- 
 tem mortuus eft, fieftdemaioribus/epeliturocculte mcampovbiplacuerit: fepelicur au;em 
 cum ftationefedendo in medio eius, & ponunt menlamanteeum, & alueum carnibusple- 
 num,&cyphumla£tisiumentini: Sepeliturautemcumeovnumiumentum cumpuUo, &e- 
 quus cum frseno & fella: &: alium equum comedunt & ftramine corium implent, & fuper duo 
 vel quatuorlignaaltius ponunt, vthabeat in alio mundoftationemvbi morctur, & iumen- 
 tum de quo lac habeat, & polTit fibi equos multiplicare,& equos etiam in quibus valeat equi- 
 tare, Aurum&argentumfepeliunt eodemmodocumipfo, Currus in quoduciturfrangirur, 
 &ftatio fua deftruitur, nee nomen propriumeius vfque adtertiamgenerationemaudet ali- 
 quis norainare . Alius etiam eft modus fepeliendi quofdam maiores, Vaditur in campo occul- 
 te,&ibi graminaremouent cum radicibus,&raciunt foueam magnam, & in latere illiusfo- 
 uea: faciunt vnam fub terra , & ilium feruum quern habetdileclum ponuntfubeo, quiiacet 
 tarn diu fub co donee incipit agonizare, deinde extrahunteum vt valeat refpirare, & fie fa- 
 ciunt ter, Et fi euader, poftea eft liber, & facit quicquid ei placuerit , &eftmaguus inftati- 
 one, acinter parentes illius. Mortuumautem ponunt in foueam , quae eft in latere fadta ]dtm mo( f , ; . 
 cum his qua? fuperius dicta funt. Deinde replent foueam qua; eft ante foueam fuam,&de- eHdifirciuFio- 
 fuper gramina ponunt, vt fuerantprius,adhoc,nelocus vlterius valeat inueniri. Aliafaciunt n ** 
 vt dictum eft. In terra eorum funt ccemeteria duo.Vnum in quo fepeliunturimpcratores,duces 
 &nobiles omnes: &vbicunqucmoriuntur,iicongruc fieri poteft, illucdeferuntur, Sepcli- 
 tur autem cum eis aurum & argentum multum. Aliud eft in quofepeliuntur illi qui in Hunga- 
 ria interfecYifueruntrmulti enim ibidem occifi fuerunt.Ad ilia ccemeteria nullusaudet accede- 
 re prster cuftodes , qui ad cuftodiendumpofiti funt ibidem, Etfi aliquis acceflerit , capitur, 
 fpoliatur & verberatur , & valde male trac"tatur . Vnde nos ipfi nelcientes intrauimus terminos 
 coemeterij eorum qui in Hungaria occifi fueiunr,& venerunt fupernosfagitta'volantes : fed 
 quiaeramusnuncij confuetudinemterrsenefcientes, nosliberosdimiferuntabire. Parentes luflraion'B 
 autem & omnes alij qui moranturinftadonibusfuisoportetpurificaripcrignem: qusepurifi- """* 
 catio fit hoc modo.Faciunt duos ignes, &duashaftas ponunt iuxta ignes, & vnam cordani 
 infummitatehaftarum: &ligant fuper cordam illam quafdam fcuTuras de buccharamo: fub 
 qua corda & ligaturis inter illos duos ignes tranfeunt homines, beftia? & ftationes : Et funt dua: 
 mulieres,vnahinc,& aliainde aquamproijcientes,& quedam carminarecitantes,Et fialiqui _,„.. 
 
 currus ibi franguntur, vel etiam res ibi cadun t aliquae,incantatores accipiunt, Etfi aliquis oc- 
 ciditur a conitruo, omnes illos homines qui morantur in ftaciombus illis , oportet pra?d idto mo- 
 do ignes tranfire. Statio, Ieclus, filtra, currus,veftes, & quicquid talium habuerint, a nullo tan- 
 gun tur, fed tanquam immunda ab omnibus refpuuntur, 
 
 De confuetudinibus bonis & malis & cibis 
 
 eorum. Cap. 4. 
 
 DTclo de ritu, dicendum eft de moribus : de quibus traclabimus hoc modo. Primo dicemus 
 de bonis, fecundo de malis : tertio de confuetudinibus: quarto de cibis.Predicli homines, 
 fcilicet Tartari funt magis obedientes Dominis fuis, quam aliqui homines in hoc mundo, fiuc obedicntij. 
 religiofi, fiue feculares: & magis reuerentur eofdemmeq; de facili roentiuntur eis.Verbis ad in- 
 uicem raro aut nunquam contendunt, faclis vero nunquam, Bella, rixx, vulncra,homicidia in- 
 ter eosnoncontingunt, Predones&furesmagnarumrerumnoninueniuntur inter eos. Vnde AbftiiKotia, 
 ftationes & currus eorum, vbi habent thefaurum fuum feris aut ve&ibus non fumantur. Si ah- 
 qmbeftia:perduntur, quicunqueinueneriteasveldimittit fie efle, vel duciteas ad homines 
 illos , qui pofiti funt ad hoc,Homines autem quorum funt beftiae apud eofdem illas requirunt, 
 & abfque vlla difficultate rccipiunt illas. Vnus alium fatis honorat : & ad inuicem funt fatis fa- Coraieu. 
 miliaresrEtcibariaquamuis inter illos fintpauca, tamen inter fe fatis competcnter commu- 
 nicant ilia ; & fatis Hint fuftcrentcs . Vnde quum ieiunant vno die vel duobus diebus nihil com- Tempeunti^ 
 edentes omnino de facili non videntur impatientes , fed cantant fie ljidunt quafi comede- 
 runt bene. In equirando multum fuftinent frigus, & calorem nimium paciuntur.Non funt ho^- 
 mines delicati.Inuidi ad inuicem noo videntur. Inter eos quafi nulla placita funt : nullus alium 
 ipernit,fediuuat &promouet quantum congrue poteft.Mulieres eorum funtcafts: nee de im- Cafl <« nail '«? 
 
 C pud; ei.ia 
 
Inlblcmia o '- 
 
 ■kiIui CKtCIOS, 
 
 Itacundia. 
 McmJjciui. 
 
 Fraihlulemia, 
 Sotdu. 
 
 Tcmulentia. 
 
 Extomo. 
 Cruddiui, 
 
 Cibi. 
 
 2 6 The Englifti Voy ages,Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 pudicitia carum inier eas aliquid auditur, Vei ba tamen qna?dam ex eis in loco laus habenx tur- 
 
 piaoniiipudica.Seditionesverointereasrar.o vel nunquimaudiuntur.Etquamuis multum in- 
 ebrientur,inebrietatefua tamen verbis vel faitonunquamcontendqnt Nuncdemalis mori- 
 
 buseorumeftfupponendum.Supetbiflimialijshominibusfuntj&defpiciuntomnesMdeoqua- 
 fi pro nihilo replicant, fiuenobiles fint, fiucignobiles. Vidimus enim in curia Imperatoris no- 
 bilemvirumleroflaum, magnum Ducem Ru(iiae,filium etiam Regis &Reginae Georgia;, & 
 So!danosmulcos,ducesetiamSo!danorum nullum honoremdebirumrecipereinter eos, Scd 
 Tai tari qui erant eis ailignati, quantumcunq; erant viles.antecedebant eos,& femper pnmum 
 Ioc urn & fummum tenebant : immo farpe oportebat eos pod eoruni poftenora federe. Iracun- 
 di multum & indignantis naturs funt:&etiam alijs hominibus plus fun t mendaces,& fere nul- 
 la Veritas inuenitur in cis.In principio quidem funt blandi,fed in fine pungunt vt fcorpio. Sub- 
 doli funt & fraudulenti,& fi poflunt aftucia circumueniunt omnes.Homincs fun t immundi,fu- 
 mendo cibum & potum,& alijs faftis (uis.Quj cum volunt aliquid mali facere alijs hominibus, 
 miro modo occuhant,vt prseuidcic non polhnt,vcl contra eorum aftutias remedium inuenite. 
 Ebr!etas honorabilis eft apud eos: & quum multum quis bibit,ibidem reijeir, nee propter hoc 
 dimittit quin iterumbibat.Va'.de funt cupidi & auari,cxa<5tcres maximi ad pctendum:tenacii- 
 fimiretcntoreSj&parcilfimidonatorcs.Aliorumhoniinumoccifio pro nihilo eft apud iIlos.Et, 
 vt breuicer dicam, omnes mali mores eorum propter prolixitate in fcripto rcdigi non poiTunt. 
 Cibi eorum funt omnia qus mandipoflunt. Comedunt cancs,lupo*,vulpci,& cquos; & in ne- 
 ceffitite carnes humanai.Vnde quando pugnauerunt contra quandamciuitatem Kytaorum,v- 
 bi morabatur imperator ipforum; cam oblederunt tam din, quod defecerunt ip (is Tartaris om- 
 ninoexpenfa%Et quia non habebant quod manducarentomnino,tuncaccipicba'urde decern 
 hominibus vnus ad manducandum.Abluuiones ctiam quaregrediunturde iumentis cum pullis 
 manducant.Imovidimusetiam eos pcd!culosmandiicare:vidimus etiam eos comedcre mures. 
 Menfalibus & manutergijs non vtuntur:panc non habentyiec olera , nee lcgumina,nec aliquid 
 ahud nifi carnes : & tam paucas habent.quod alia; nationcs vix inde viuerepeflene , Cum p tn- 
 ^uedine carnium inultumpolluunt manus : quando vero comederunt, tunc manus ad ocrcas 
 fuas,vel ad gramina, vel ad aliquid talium tergunt, Solent ctia honcftiores habere aliquos pan- 
 niculos paruos,cum quibus vltuno tergunt manus, quando carnes mandtrcarunt, Cibum vnus 
 eorum incidit,& alius accipic cum pun£to cultclli morfellos,& vnicuiq; prebet,quibufda plus, 
 quibuidamminus,fecundum quod plus vel minus volunt eos honorare.Scutellas non lauant,& 
 fi aliquando cum brodio lauant catnium,iterum cum carnibus in olla reponunt. Ollas etia vel 
 caldaria,vel alia vafa ad hoc deputata fi abluunt,fimili niodo lauant. Apud eos eft magnum pec- 
 catum,fi decibo vel potu petire permittatur aliquid.Vnde oiTa, nifi ptius excrahatur medulla, 
 dari canibus non permittunr-Yeltes etiam non lauant,necJauari permittunt,& maxime quo to- 
 nitruaab ilia horaincipiunt donee definant, Lac iumeminum bibunt in maxima quantitate fi 
 habent : bibunt etiam ouinum,caprinum,vaccinum, & camelorum. Vinum, ceruifiam,& me- 
 donem non habent,nifi ab alijs nationibusmittatur, vel donetur eifdem.ln hyemc, nifi diuites 
 fint,lac iumentinum non habcnt.Milliu cum aqua decoquunt,quod ta tenue faciunt.quod non 
 comedere fed biberc poffunt.Et vnusquilq; ex eis bibit cyphum vnum vel duos in mane , & nil 
 plus in die maducant,lnicro vnicuiq; parum de carnibus datur,& brodium decarnibus bibunt. 
 In aeftate autem,qu'a tunc habent fatis de ladtc iumentino carnes raro maducant, nifi forte do- 
 ncntur cis,aut venationc aliquam befliam ceperint.fiue auem.Legem ctiam fiue confuetudine 
 habent occidendi virum & mulierem quos in adulterio inucnerint manifcfte.Simiiiter & virgi- 
 nem fi fornicata fucrit,muliere occidunt & virum.Si aliquis inuenitur in pra:da vel in furto ma- 
 nifefto in terra poteftatiseoru fine vllamiferationeocciditur.Itemfialiquis eorum deundatco- 
 iilium,maxime quando volunt ire ad bellum, ccntvi plagj dantur fuperpofteriora, quanto ma- 
 iores dare cum baculo magno vnus rufticus poteft.Item quando aliqui de minoribus offendu nt 
 in aliquo a fuis maioribus nonparcitureis,fed verberibus grauiteraffliguntur.Item inter filium 
 concubina?& vxoris nulla eft differentiated dat pater vnicuiq; eorum quod vult,etfi eft de ge- 
 ncrcducum,ira eft dux filiusconcubinijficutfiliuslegjtimu'.Et cum vnus Tnrtarushabet mul- 
 tas vxores, vnaquaeq; per fe fuam ftationem, & familiam habet : & cum vna comcdir,& bibit, 
 & dormit vna die,& altera die cum alia. Vna tamen exipfis maior eft inter alias, & frequentius 
 cum ilia quam cum alijs comrnoratur. Et cum tam inulta; fitit inter fe tamen defacili non 
 contendunt. Viri nihil operanturomninoexceptis fagittis : & etiam de gregibus aliquan- 
 tulam habent curam, fedvenantur,&exerccnt fead lagittandumrOmncsenimaparuovf- 
 quc ad magnum fagittarij funt&boni. Etftatim pueri eorum, cum funt duorum annorum 
 velttium,incipiunt equitare. Equos eorum regunt & currunt in eis: & dantur eis arcus fe- 
 cundumfuama;tatem,&inftruuncadfagittandum. Agilesenim funt & audaces valde. Vir- 
 
 gincs 
 
 Puna adulter; j. 
 
 Furli. 
 
 Arcani euulgati. 
 
 tUXvytiu* 
 
DI 
 
 — — . 
 
 TheTartan. Traffiques,andDilcouenes. 27 
 
 _ _ - . ■ it) 
 
 pines & mulieres cquitanc , &agiliter inequiscuirunc vt viri. Vidimus cnim cas arcus & 
 pharetras portarc, Ec cam viri quam mulieres diu in equitando poflunc durare,Breui(Tinias ha- 
 benc ftrepas : equos valde curtodiunt : imorerum omnium iunc magni conferuarorcs, Mulie- 
 res eorum omniaoperantur. Pellicia,veftes,caIceos,ocreas,& omnia opera quae decoriofi- . 
 unr. Currus etiam ducunt & reparanc , camelos onerant,& velociilima? funt & ftrcnua: in om- in^n.fie^m, 
 nibusopcribusl'uis:fcemoralibuson)nesvcuntur:aIiqu£e/icutviri,fagittanc. modoveftmntur 
 
 De ipforum Imperio. Cap.j. 
 
 kl£ro de eorum confuctudinibus.dicendum eft de eorum imperio. Ec primo de ipfius 
 'principio . Sccundo dc pfincipibus eius, Tertio de dominio Imperatoris & princi- 
 pum. Terra qusedameft inpartibus Orientis , de quadiitum eftfupra, qui Mongolno- 
 minatur. Hie rerra quondam quaiuorpopuloshabuic. Ec vnus Yeka-Mongol, id eft, 
 magni Mongali vocabatur« Secundus Sumongol, id eft Aquatici Mongali , Ipfi autem fe- 
 ipfos Tartaros appellabant , a quodam fluuio , quicurrit per terram eorum, qui Tartar no- Tamm* popuifc 
 minatur. Alius appellatur Merkac, quartus Metric, Hi; populi omnes vnamformam per- Tartar flumuj. 
 fonarum.&vnamlinguamhabcbanc : quamuis inter fe per principes &prouinciaseflentdi- 
 uifi . In terra Yeka-Mongol fuit qui vocabatur Cyngis, Ifte incepit efle robuftus venator co- 
 ram Domino.Didicitemm homines furaii,rapere,piardari.Ibat autem ad alias terras, &quof- CyngWomuac 
 cunquepotuitcapere, &fibiaiTociarenondemittebac: homines verdfuaegentis ad feinclina- "'S^ 
 bat,quicanquam ducemipfumfequebantur ad omnia malefafla t Hicautem incepit pugna-. 
 re cum Sumongal,fiueTartaris,poftquani homines aggregaueratfibi,&interfccirducemeo- , 
 
 rum, &mulcobello omnes Tartaros fbi fubiugauit& in fuamferuituremredegit. Poft hzc 
 cum omnibus his pugn juir,cum Merkac, qui erant pofiti iuxca terrain Tarcarorum , quos eti- 
 am bellofibifubiecicilndeprocedenspugnatiit contra Mctricas,& etiam illosdeuicit.Audien- 
 tes itaque Naymani , quod Cyngis erat taliter eleuatus, indignati fuerunt, Ipfi enim habuerunc 
 Imperatorem, qui fueratftrenuus valde jcuidabantciibutum omnes nationes praedidra;. Qui Naymani. 
 debitutn vniuerla; carnis exfoluens,filij eius fucceflerunt loco eius; fed iuuenes erant & fiulci, 
 & populumnefciebantcenerc: fed inuicemdiuifi erant &fcif[i:vndemedio tempore Cyngis Francs dtTcor- 
 erac taliter exaltatus, nihilominus infultumfaciebant in terras fuperius annotatas , viros & dint " °PP refl5 « 
 muliercs,& pueros occidtbant, & capiebant prsdain eorum. Cyngis hoc audiens, omnes fibi 
 fubie£tos homines aggregauit, Naymani & KaraKitai,id eft, nigriKitai,exaduerfoin quan- KataKitai. 
 dam vallem itriftam inter monccs duos, per quam nos euntes ad imperatorem eorum tranfuu- 
 mus,(imiliccrconiieniunc: & commifliimeft pradium, in quo Naymani & Kara Kitaia 
 Mongallis fiat deuidli, & maior pars eorum occifa : & al,j qui euadere non potuerunc in ferui- 
 tutem redadti funt. In terra autem prasdi&orum Kara Kytaorum Occaday can filius Cyngis 
 can,poftquampolitusfuit impcrator,quandamciuitatema:dirlcauit,quaii]|Omylappellauir, .„. ^""i 
 Propequam ad meridiem eft quoddam defenum magnum, in quo fylueftres homines pro Homines Mum 
 certohabicaredicuntur,quinullomodo loquuntur, nee in cruribus habent iun<3uras:& fi fl«s. 
 quandocadunt,perfefurgerefineadiutorioaliorum minime pofllint , aliquant am tamen ha- 
 bent difcretionem. Mongali autem in terram eorum reuertentesfe contra Kytaos inpraelium 
 prasparauerunt.quicaftramouentes terram eorum intrauerunt, Imperator autem Kytaorum De mmm inflow 
 hoc audiens venit contra eos cum exercitu fuo ; & commilTum eft prdium durum ; in quo pri- J" Mongaloruni 
 
 .. ., r . . -,. ... , r ; ' T t &Kycaomm. 
 
 I10 Mongali hieruntdeuiitugc omnes nobiles Mongallorum qui erant in praedicto exercitu Tartatorum Ky« 
 fuerunt occifi vfque ad feptem , Cyngis vero & alij qui remanferunt in terram fuam fugcrunr, tam * cl " ia ' 
 Et quum aliquanmlum quieuilTet Cyngis , prcparauitferurfusadpraelium & contra terram 
 Huyrorum proceflit ad bellum. Ifti homines Chriftiani de feita Neftorianorum erant , quos 
 etiam bcllo deuicic, & eorum literasacceperunt. Nam prius fcripturam aliquam nonhabe- Nounviaori* 
 bant. Nunc autem eandem literam Mongallorum appellant. Inde proceftit contra ter- l '", r?- 
 ram Saruiuorum, & contra terram Karauitarum, & contra terram yoyrar,& contraterram v«i Karamiarunn, 
 Comana,quas terras omnes deuicic. Indeeftincerramfuamreuerfus. Etcumaliquantulum VelHyd " ilt ' 
 quieuifletjconuocatis omnibus gentibus fupradi£tis,contra Kytaos ad bellum proceflit, & cum 
 diu contra eos pugnaffet magnam partem terra: Kytaorum vicerunt : Imperatorem autem eo- 
 rum conclufcrunr. in fua ciuitate maiori : quam cum tarn diu obfiderunr, quod exercitui defe- 
 cerunt expenfs , & cum non haberent quod manducarent, prascepitillis Cyngis can, quod 
 de decern hominibus vnurn darent ad manducandum. INi autem de ciuitate pugnabant 
 viriliter contra illos fagittis & machinis : Ec cum deficerent lapides , pro lapidibus 
 proiecerunt argentum , & maxime liquefaftum . Ciuitas enim hare multis diuitijs erat *^u!n^n'h* 
 plena. Et cum diu pugnaflent , & cam bello vincere minime poiTent, fecerunc vnam fttmproieaum, 
 magnam yiam fub terra ab exercitu vfque ad mediam ciuttatem, &apericnces fubiti cer- 
 
 C 2 f ram 
 
.£- 
 
 Kytai vifti. 
 
 Cyngis falucatur 
 1 mpcrator. 
 Kytha i( pars in 
 mari polita. 
 Kycaorum litera, 
 & retigio. 
 
 OpificiorwS 
 laus. 
 
 Thoffuchcan 
 Cyngis filial Co- 
 manosdeuicic. 
 
 India minor dc- 
 belUta. 
 
 Presbyter loan- 
 ties: eiuldcm 
 ftraragcma. 
 
 ViaoriadeTar^ 
 
 (aril. 
 
 De monfiroiii 
 mulicribus & 
 canibus mon- 
 ftioia nartaiio. 
 
 Clacics, 
 
 Eurutatxih rc- 
 
 Ineolariun mo- 
 re. 
 
 Terra Kergis 
 
 Oricnnlis. 
 
 Nota iter duo- 
 rom menfium 
 iitlMi Oricncero. 
 
 Troglodytas, 
 
 2 8 The Engliili Voyages ? Naiiigations, The Tartars. 
 
 ram, cis neiciencibus proiilierunt lnmeaijciuitatis, & pugnabant cum hoininituisciuita- 
 tis.&illi quierant extra fimilimodo pugnabant, & concidentes portas inrrauerunt ciuita- 
 tem : &occidenteslmperatorem&hominespkues, ciuitacem polfideban;: &aurum&ar- 
 gemum, & omnes diuitias abftulerunr, Ec cum terra: predict Kytaorum fuos homines 
 prsefeciilenr, in terraro propriam funtreuerfi. Ettunclmpeiatore Kytaorum dcuirjto faitus 
 eft Imperator. Quandam autem partem terrx Kytaorum, quae pohta eft in mari 5 vfque ia 
 hodiernum diem nullatenus deuicerunt, Kytai auteni,dequibus fuperiiisdiximus, homi- 
 nes funcPagani , qui habent literamfpecialem: & habent nouum & vctus Teftamentum; 
 & habent vitas patrum, & Eremuas & domos quafi Ecclefias factas, in quibus orant tempo- 
 ribus fuis : Etdicuntfequofdamfanttos habere. Vnu'n Dsum colunt : Dominum noftrum 
 Iefum Chriitum honorant,&creduntvitam £eternam,fedminimeb3ptizantur. Scripturam 
 noftram honorant &reuerentur: Chriftianosdiligunt , & Ecclefias faciuntplures. Homines 
 benigni&humanifatisvidentur:barbamnonhabent, &in difpofiiione faciei iatisconcor- 
 dantcumMongaliSjnontamen fur.t in tacieita lati. Linguampropriam habent : meliores 
 artifices non inueniuntur in totomundoin omnibus openbus, in quibus folent homines cx- 
 ercitari. Terra eorum eft opulentavaldcinfrumento,vino,auro,argcnto,&fenco, & omni- 
 bus rebus in quibus foletfuftencarihumananatura, Et cumaliquantulum quieuiffent, fups 
 exercitus diuifetunt . VnumdefilijsToiriich nomine, quemctiam Cana;'pel]2banc,ideft: 
 lmperacorcm,mifitcum cxercitu contra Comanos,quosmulr.ob;IIodemcit: & poftquam 
 vicerat eos in terrain fuamreuertebatur. Aliumetiam filium mifit cum exercitu contia In- 
 dos ; qui minorem Indiam deuicerunt . Hij autem nigri (tint Saraceni, qui iEthiopes nuncu- 
 pantur. Hie autcm exercitus contra Chriftianos , qui fine in India maiori in pugnam procef- 
 iit. Quod audiens rex terra: illius, qui vulgo Prxsbyter Iohannesappcllatur, venit contra e- 
 os cxercitu congregato. Etficicnsimagmes cupreashominumin iella pofuit fuper equos, 
 ponensignemincerius, & pofuit hommcra cum folic poft imagincm cupream fuper equum: 
 &cummultisimaginibus,&equistahterpra?paratisvenerunt contra prardic'tosad pugnan- 
 dum. Etcum ad locum praeJij peiueniflent,i(ios equos vnuiniuxta vnum premifcrunt.Vui 
 autem, quierant retro , pofuerunt nelcio quid fuper ignemquierac in pradi&a imagine, & 
 cum follibus fortitcr fufflauerunt. Vnde factum eft , quod de fumoillo aer eft d'enigratus, Et 
 tunc fuper Tartarosiecerunt fagittas, ex quibus' multi interfecti& vulnerati fueiunt. Et fie 
 cum confufione eos de finibus iuis eiecerunt : Et nunquam audiuimus , quod vltra ad eos re- 
 diert'nt. Cum autem per defertaredircnt, in quandam terramvenerunt in qua quadammon- 
 ftra fecmineas imagines habentiarepcrierunt, Etcuminterrogafienteaspermultosinterprc- 
 tes vbiefientviri tense illius, refpondetunt quod in ilia terra qufcunque fceminse nafceban- 
 tur, habebantformamhumanam: Mafculi vero formam caninam. Et dummoramprotia- 
 herent in terra pra:dic"ta , Canes in alia parte conuenerunt in vnum : Et dum eflet hyems afper- 
 rima, fe omnes proiecerunt in aquam:& pofthsec incontinent in puluerem mouebantur,& 
 itapuluisadmixtusaqusefupereos congclauit: &dumfa?pehocfcciffent, glsciesdenfa facta 
 eft fuper eos : Vnde cum magno impetu cum Tartaris conuenerunt ad pugram. At ill i quum 
 faoittas fuper eos iaclabant, acfiluperlapidesfagitaflent,retrofagitt2redibant : Aliaetiam 
 arma eorum in nulloeoslxderepotucrunt. Canes vero infulrum ficientes in cos morfibus 
 vulnerauerunt,multosetiamocciderunt,&ita eiecerunt eos de finibus fuis, Et dum rcuertc- 
 rctur exercitus ille, venit ad terrain Burutabeth, quosbellovicerunt: qui funt Pagani, Qui 
 confuetudinem mirabilem imo potius miferabilem habent. Quia cum aliquis patrum luorum 
 humansenatursf debitum cxfoluit, omnem congregant parentelam, &comedunteum, Ifti 
 pilos in barbanon habent: immo quoddam ferrum in manibuspoitant, cum quo barbam 
 femper depilant, fi forte aliquis crinis crefcit in ipfa : & multum ctiarr, deformes funr.Inde ex- 
 ercitus ille reuertebatur in terramfuam, Cyngis can eriam co tempore quo diuifit exercitus 
 illos, mifit in expeditione contra Orientem per terrain Kergis, quos bello non vicit : Si vfque 
 ad Cafpiosmontespcruenit,mofites autem illifuntde lapidc adamantine Vnde eorum fa- 
 oittas & arma ferrea ad fe traxerunt. Homines inter Cafpios montes condufes viderunt , qui 
 jam montem fregerunt : fed nubes quaedam erat pofita ante ipfos, ad quam accedcre non po- 
 terantvl'o modo, quia ftatimmoriebantur, cum perueniebant ad illam, Sed antcquamper- 
 uenirent ad prscdiclum montem plufquam per menl cm vaftam folitudinem tranfierum. Inde 
 procedentes adhuc contra Orientem plufquam per nienfem per magnum defettutn iuerunt, 
 Etperuenerunt ad quandam terram,vbivideruntviastritas, led nullum hominem poterant 
 inuenire. Sedtantumquaefiueruntperterram, quod inuenerunt hominem -cum vxorefua; 
 quos ante Cyngis can adduxerunt. Et cum intcrtogaffet, vbi ciTent homines terra: illius , re- 
 fponefcrunt quod in terra fub momibus habitarent. At Cyngiscan retenta vxore mifit virum 
 
 ilium 
 
TheTartars. TrafFiques ? ancl Difcouenes. 20 
 
 m ' * 
 
 ilium cum nuncijs iuis mandans hominibub lllis vc venirent ad mandatum lphus, HJi vcro cun- 
 tesadeos, narrauerunt omnia qua: Cyngis can mandauerat. Qui refponderunc quod talidie 
 venirentadmandatumfuum faciendum. Medio vero cemporc congtcgauerunc fepervias 
 occultas fub terra, & venerunc contra iftos ad pugnandum : & irruentes i'ubito fuper eos plu- 
 rimos occiderunr. At ill) , Cyngis can videlicet & fui fugam ineuntes, terram exierunt prardi- 
 <3ain,lllos tamenhomines,viruiiifalicet&mulieremlecumduxerunt,qui vfque ad mortem 
 m terra Tartarorumfuerunt.Interrogati veto quareiub terra habitarent, dixerunt quod vno 
 tempore anni quumfol oritur , tancus fonituseft, quod homines nullaratione polTunt fuftine- tuifi«tscfri! 
 re.Immoetiam tunc percuticbant in organis & tympanis,& alijs inftrumentis.vt ilium fonitum n?"^ 1 "'". * 
 nonaudirent, Etdum Cyngis de terra ilia reuerteretur,defecerunteivi6tualia,&habebant t ,b',T 
 maximam famem, Ef tunc recentia interiora vnius beftia: eos contigit inuenire ; quae accipien- 
 tes , depofitis tamen ftercoribus decoxerunt; & coram Cyngis can portantes cum iuis ilia co- Cyngisiex. 
 medit, Et exhoc Itatututn fiut ab eo, vt nee fanguis, nee interiora, nee aliquid dc beftia quod 
 manducari poteft , exceptis ftercoribus, proijeiatur • Et dcindc in terram propriam eft 
 reuerfus : & ibidem leges & ftatuta multiplicia fecit, qua? Tartarinon violabjliter obfer- 
 uant. Ex quibus tan turn duo dicemus. Vnum eft,quod quicunque in fuperbia eredfus , propria 
 authoritatefincelec'tioneprincipumenevolueritimpcrator, fioevllamiferatione debet occi- 
 di. VndeanteeledlionemipnusCuynchpropterhocvnusde principibus, nepos ipfius Cyn- 
 gis can fuit occifus.Volebatenim fine electione regnare. Aliudftatutum eft, quod fibidebene 
 fubiugare omnem terram: nee cum aliquagente debentpacem habere,nifi prius qis&bdatur, 
 quo vfque veniatrempus occifioniseorum.Debentenimoccidi,vtprophetatum,*(t^js;Etil- 
 li qui euadere poterunt,vtdicunt,debent lllam legem tcnere quarfrtcnent alij,qui eosbcllo dc- 
 uincunt,StatuitetiamquodperrniIlenarios,&centenarios & Decanosdebeat eommcxerci- 
 tusordinari, Pofthocabi&utonitruicrtoccifus,pera£tisfu'.sordinationibus & ftatutis. Hie interims, 
 autem habuitquatuorfilios : Vnus vocabaturOccoday,fecuiidusTo(ruchcan,tertiusThaa- i- ib «>- 
 day .- &nomen quarti ignoramus. Kti quatuorfilijcum alijs maioribus qui tunc erant, primum 
 filium videlicet Occoday elegerunt imperatorem,fiIij autem iftius Occoday G uy ne, qui nunc N«fot«», i 
 eftimperacor, Cocthen&Cyrenen. Etfiplureshabueritfilios ignoramus, Filij autem Tof- 
 fuch can Bati : ifte eft ditior & potentior poft imperatorem: Ordu, me eft ienior omnium du- 
 cum:Syban,Bora,Berciithanth:aliorum filiorum Toffuch can nomina ignoramus. Filij Thaa- 
 day funt Burin &Chadan,nomina aliorum filiorum nefcimus.Alterius autem filij Cyngis can, 
 cuius nomen nefcimus , filiorum nomina funt hsecVnusvocatur Mengu, cuius mater eft Se- 
 rottan, lira domina inter omncs Tartaros, excepta matre imperatoris, eft magis nominata: & 
 potentior eft omnibus excepto Bati. Alius vocaturBecas, Alios filioshabuit plures, fed eorum 
 nomina ignoramus, Ha:cfuntducumnomina,Ordu:ifte fuitinPolonia&inHungaiia:Bati, DuM3 > 
 Cathan, Syban, Bureth. Omncs ifti fuerunt in Hungaria,Cyrpodan, ifte eft adhuc vltra mare 
 contra Soldanum Damafci. Ifti remanferunt in terra : Mangu, Cuthen,Syrennen,HybiIay,Se- 
 remum.Synocur, Thuatamur, Cyragay, Sybedey, fenex quidam miles inter eos, Bora, Berca, 
 Mauci, Choranca: fed ifte inter alios eft minimus. Alij vero duces funt plures, fed corum no- 
 mina ignoramus, 
 
 Imperator aute Tartarorum habctmirabile dominium fuper omnes. Nullusaudet in aliqua impnmoifc 
 parte morari,nifi ipfeaflTignet eLTpfe autem aifignat vbi maneant ducesrmillenarij centenarijs, ifoSEof * 
 Centenarijdecanis.Infuperquicquid pre-cipitur in quocunq; tcmpore,quocunq; loco, fiue ad im P«»» n >- 
 bellumjiiue ad mortem,fiue ad vitam,fine vlla contradiftione obediunt. Etiam fi petit filiam 
 virginemvelfororem,finccontradiftionedantei.AutiinguIisannis, autintermiflis aliquibus 
 annis virgines colligit ex omnibus finibusTartarorum.Si ipfe vult fibiretinere aliquas retinet: 
 alias dat Iuis hominibus , ficut videtur ei cxpedirc.Nuncios quofcunq;,quotcunq; & vbicunq; 
 tranfmittit.oportetquod dent ei fine moraequos fubdititios & expenfas.Vndecunq; venerint 
 ei tributa vel nuncij>oportetquodequi,currus,&expenfg fimiliterdcntureis.Nuncij qui veni- 
 untaliunde in magna miferiafuntin viclupariter& vefticu:quiaexpenfevilejfunt&paucx:& T . 
 maxime cum veniunt ad pnncipes,& ibi debent mora contrahere.Tunc ita parum datur decern gaugjto?, 
 hominibus,quod inde vix poflint viuereduo.Ncc etiam in curijs principum,nec in via datur eis 
 comedere,nifi femel in die, & fatis parum. Infuper iialiquseiriiunaefibifiunr,conqueridefacili 
 minimepofffunt.Vnde cosoportetillapatienter portare.Infupermulta taa principibus,quam 
 ab alijs nationibus & minoribus ab eis exiguntur:& fi nondaretur.vili pendunt eoSjimmoqua- 
 fipronihilo habenteos, Etfiamagnisvirismittuntur, nolunt ab eis modicum munus ha- 
 bere : fed dicunt : Amagnohomineveniftis, & cur modicum datis? &accipere dedi°nan- 
 tur. Et fi nuncij bene volunt facere facia fua , oportet eos dare maiora , Idcirco ma gnam par- 
 tem rerum, quae nobis a fidelibusera^tdata5,oportuit nosdeneceifitatemuneribus dare. Et 
 
 C 3, fcienduni 
 
 ' 
 
 
Occoday fccun- 
 dus Imperator 
 laitarorum. 
 
 fjEarthfa ciniraa 
 vil Barchin, 
 
 Vel Sarguir. 
 
 Orna ftpet Don 
 ftuuium. 
 
 Kiouia e'uieas. 
 
 30 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, TheTartars. 
 
 iciendum, quod ita omnia (unt in manulmperatons praxiibti, quodnemoaudct d:ceie,hoe 
 eft meum vel illiu.sfed omniafunc Imperatorisjes.iumenta, & homines, Et fuper hoc ctiam 
 nuperemanauit Imperatoris itatutum. Idem dominium per omnia habent duces fuperho- 
 minesfuos. Diuificnim func homines Tartari, videlicet etiam alij inter duces. Nuncij etiam 
 ducum,quocunqueeostranimittunt, & homines ram linperatoris quam alij omnes equos 
 lubditiiios&expenfas, &quiequos cuftodiant, & etiam nnncijs feruiant fine contradic-tio- 
 nedaretenentur, Imperatori autem iumentavthabeat ex eis lac ad annum vel ad duos, vel 
 ad tres,ficutplacueritci, tarn duces quam alij pro redditu dare tenentur. Et homines du- 
 cumidemfaceretenenturdominisfuis, Inter eos enim nullus eft liber, Et vtbreuitcrdicam, 
 Quicquid Imperator &Duces volunt, &quantuvoluntde rebus fuis acclpiunt.Depcrfon;s 
 etiam eorum difponunt per omnia, ficutvolunt. Mortuo lmperatore,ficutiuperius dictum 
 eft, conuenerunt Duces &elegerunt Occoday filiumCyngiscan prardic-ti lmperatorcm. 
 Qujhabitoconfilioprincipunidiuifitcxercitus. Bati.quiin lecundogradu attinebatei, mi- 
 fit contra Altilbldanum, & contra terrain Biferminorum . Hijerant Saraceni, & Coma- 
 nicum loquebantur. Et cum intraflet terrain illorum pugnauit contra eos, & belloeosfibi 
 fubiecit, Qussdam autcm ciuitasqux H Barthra dicitur, diurellitit ei, fecerantenimfouc- 
 as-multasincircuituciuitatis8coperueiantillas;&quandoil!i veniebant cadebant in foue- 
 as , Vnde non potuerunt capere ciuit3tem , donee illas foueas replcftent. Homines aiitetn 
 de quadam ciuitate qua? vocatur || lakint hare audiences exierunt obuiam eis/fe fponte in ma- 
 nuseor'tfm tradentes : vnde ciuitas eorum non erat dedrufta, fed plures eorum occide- 
 runt , &'ahos tranftulerunt, Et accepto fpolio ciuitatis, ipfam aiijs homimbus repleue- 
 runt, Et veneruntcontra ctoir,atem quae vocatur Orna. Ilia ciuitas erat nimium populofa: 
 Chriftianiibierant plures; Gazarividelicet,Rutheni,& Alani, & alij: nee non & Saraceni, 
 Saracenorum enim erat dominium ciuitatis. Hare autcm ciuitas erar diuitijs multum plena; 
 Eft enim pofita fuper fluuium qui vocatur Don, quiintratinmare. Vnde eftquafi portusr 
 & forum, maximum habebant de ilia ciuitate alij Saraceni, Et cum non portent aliterdcuin. 
 cere ,pr£ecideruntfluuium, quicurrcbatperciuitatem, &illam cum rebus omnibus fubmer- 
 fcrunt. Quo fafto: pcfteaintrauerunt terrain Tortorum.qui fimiliter funt Pagani: quam de- 
 uincentcs, iuerunt contra Ruffiani, &feccruntmagnam ftragemin terra^Rulfije , ciuitates 
 & caftradefiruxerunt, & homines occiderunt : etiam Kiouiam quae erat Metropolis Ruf- 
 fiseobifedetunti&cumdiuobfediflent, illamcepeiunt, & occiderunt homines ciuitatis. In- 
 deproccdentespugnandodeftruxerunt totam Ruffiani. DeRuffia autcm & Comaniapro- 
 ceflerunt duces prsedicli, 6k pugnauerun t contra Hungaros & Polonos i Ex quibus Tartaris in 
 Polonia& in Hungaria plures interfe&ifuerunr. Et finon fugiftent, fed viril iter reftitiffent 
 Hungari exiuiflent Tartari de finibus fuis : quia tunc habtierunttimorcm,quod omnes fugere 
 attentabant. Sed Bativaginatogladio in faciemcisreftitit, dicers: Nolitc fugere : quia ft 
 fugitis nullus euadet:Etfidebemusniori,moriamur omnes: quiafuturum eft , vt Cyngis 
 canpraedixit, quod inrerfici debeamus J Et fi nunc eft tempus , fuftineamus , Etficanima- 
 ti funt & remanferunt,&Hungariamdeftruxerunt. Inde reucrtentes iuerunt in tcrramMor- 
 duanorum, qui funt Pagani, &bello deuicerunt. Inde procedentes contra Bileros, id eft, 
 Bulgariam ma gnam, & ipfam deftruxeruntomnino. Inde procedentes ad Aquilonem ad- 
 huccontra Bafcarc, id eft, Hungariam magnam, & cosetiam deuicerunt. Inde cgredientcs 
 iuerunt ad Aquilonem, &venerunt ad Paroffitas qui habent paruos flomachos &osparuu- 
 lum, nee manducant , fed decoquunt carnes : quibus decocSris ponunt fe inter fumum & ol- 
 lam, & recipiunt fumum , &dehoc foloreficiuntur : Sed etiamfi aliquid manducant , hoc 
 valde modicum eft. Inde procedentes venerunt adSamogedos.Hij autem homines ranturn 
 de venationibusviuunt: tabernacula & veftes habent tantummodo de beftiarum pellibus, 
 Inde vltra .procedentes venerunt ad quandam terram fuper Oceanum , vbi inuenerunt 
 quasdam monftra qua: per omnia formam humanam habebant , fed pedes definebant in 
 pedes boutnos, & faciem per omnia habebant vt canis: duo verba loquebantur more hu- 
 mano&tertiolatrabantvtcanis : & fie perinterualla temporum latratiun interponebantr 
 turn ad naturam fuam redibant : & fie intelligi poterat quod dicebanc : Inde redierunt 
 in Comaniam, & vfq; nunc quidam ex eis mbrantur ibidem, Cyrpodan vcro eodem tempo- 
 re mifit Occoday can cum exercitu ad meridiem contra Kergis, quos etiam bello deuicit, Hi) 
 autem homines funt pagani, qui pilos inbatbanon habent. Quorum confuetudo eft talis. 
 Cum pater moiituralicuius,pra:dolore quafi vnam corrigiam in fignumlamentiabaure vfq; 
 ad auremde facie fualeuant, Quibus deuifris , ad meridiem iuit contra Armenos. Scdcum 
 perdeferta tranfirct, etiam quardam monftra effigiem humanam habentia inuenerunt: fed 
 non nifi vnumbrachium cum manu in medio pc£loris,& vnum pedem habebant: & duo fagit- 
 
 tarunt 
 
 Morduanorum 
 terra. 
 
 Bulgaria Magna. 
 
 Hungaria magna, 
 
 Paroffitr, 
 
 Samogedi. 
 
 Oceanus Sep- 
 tentrionalis. 
 SimilcbFrobiflheri 
 hominibus. 
 
 FxpeditioCyr- 
 podanii. 
 
 Armcni. 
 
 Hijvidentur fa- 
 
 Sitttflc baliiiis. 
 
Tbe'fartars. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 31 
 
 tarumcuui vno arcu, & llti lea tonicec turreoant, quodequieos inueltigirenonpoterant. 
 Cucrebant enim faltando fuper ilium vnum pedem, & cum clfencfcfll taliter eundo , ibant fu- 
 permanum & pedem, remouendofcquafi rota; &ficcumclTentfcffiir.erumcurrebantfccun- 
 dum modum priorcm : aliquostamenoccidebantex eis. Inde precedences venerunt in Ar- 
 meniam.quam bello vicerunt , & partem Georgia? : & alia pars venit ad mandatum eorum;& Cec,r 8' 3 * 
 quadraginta milliayperperorum fingulis annis dedcrunt, & adhuc faciunt idem, Inde prece- 
 dences ad terrain Soldani Deurum, quierat fatis magnus& potens, cum co pugnauerunc TemSoManl 
 &deuicerunt. Indeprocedentesvkra debcllando & vincendo vfq; ad terram Soldani Ha- 5 a 'T\, • 
 Japiae&nunc terram illam unpugnant : necpoltea vlquc in hodiernum diem in terram fuam Haiapis. 
 fueruncieuerfi. Aliusexercitusiuitcontra terra CalifdeBaldach,quam fibi etia fubdiderunc: 
 Et quadraginta bifantia exceptisBaldachinis& alijsmunenbusomnidiedancprocribuco:Et 
 omni anno pro Calif,vt ad eos veniat,nuncios mitcunt : qui cum tiibuto munera magna mictic, 
 rogansvteufupportent, Ipfe vcro imperator munera accipit,&nihilominus vt veniat mittit 
 pro to, 
 
 Qualiter Tartari fe habent in preUjs. Cap. 6. 
 
 DI#o de imperio.dkendum eft hoc modode bello. Piimo deotdinationeacierum.Sccun- 
 dodcamiis. TertiodcaHuiijs incongreffione, quarto de crudelitatequam faciunc in 
 captiuos, Quincodeoppugnationecaftrorum&ciuicatum. Sextodeperfidiaquamexcrccnc 
 cum hijs qui fe reddunc eifdem, De ordinacione acierum dicemus hoc modo. Cyngis can or- 
 dinauitjvc decern hominibusprxponerctur vnus : & illc fecundum nosappellacur Decanus, 
 Decern auccm Decanis preponeretur vnus, qui cencenarius nuncupatur : Decern vcro Ccnre- 
 narijs praeponerecur vnus qui millenariusnuncupatur: decern millenarijsprseponereturvoiis^ 
 jllenumerusvocaturcenebreapudeos. CuncTto vero expercitui prarponunrur duo duces vel 
 trcs, icacamen quod habeantrefpec-ium ad vnum. Cum autem omnes func in bello ft dede- 
 cem hominibus fugir vnus vel duo, vel trcs, vel etiam plures, omnes occiduntur, Ec vc brcui- 
 terdicam,niiicommunitercedant, omnesqui fugiunt occiduntur. Item fi vnus vel duo aut 
 plures auda&er ad pugnam accedunt, & decern alij non fequuncur , etiam occidun- 
 tur. Item fi vnus de decern vel pluses capiuntur , &alijfocijfui non libcrant eos, etiam 
 occiduntur. Duo arcus vel trcs, vel vnum bonum ad minus , & tres pharetras magnas 
 plenas de fagitcis & vnam fecurim , & fanes ad machinas trahendas habere debet vnuf- 
 quifque. Diuices autem habent gladios acutos in fine, ex vna tancum parte incidences, & 
 ahqaantulum curuos : & habent equumarmatum, crura etiam tecla. Galeas&loricasqui- 
 dim habent de corio in hunc modum formatas. Habent quafdam corrigias de boue ad latitu- 
 dinem vnius manus,& bituminanc tres vel quatuor fimul, & Jigant illas corrigiolis vel cordis, 
 Incorrigiafuperioriponuntcordulasinfine; ininferioriponunt in medio,&fic faciunt vfque 
 ad finem. Vndequumfeiaclinantininferiores,corrigicefuperioresafcend)int&ficduplican- 
 tur fuper corpuSjVeltriplicantur. Decooperturacqui faciunt quinqucparces: ex vna parte 
 faciunt vnam.ex alia parte faciunt aliam, quam partem ducunt a Cauda vfq; ad caput : qus li- 
 ganturad fellam.&poit fellamindorlo & etiam in collo, fuper renes etiam parte aliam po- 
 nunt,vbidu£partiumligatura:iunguiitur: in qua pecia faciunt vnum foramen,per quod cau- 
 dasexponunt:&antepe6tusponunt etiam vnam: qua: omnes protenduncur vfque ad cru- 
 rium iun&uras, Ecanccfrontemlaminam ferream ponunt,qu3e ex vcraque parte colli parti- 
 bus pradi<5tis ligatur. Lorica vero etiam quatuor partes habet, vna pars protenditurafoemo- 
 re vfqne ad collumjfed eft facta fecundum difpolitionem humani corpoiis:quiaantepe<Ttus eft 
 flrida: in rotundumobuoluicur circa corpus a brachijsinferius:Supeihumeros autem retro ad 
 renes habent aliam peciam, qua: protenditur a collo vfque ad aliam peciam , qua:rcuoIui- 
 turcirca corpus : Super humcros autem iftx duse pecia? ancerior videlicet & pcfterior, ad duas 
 laminas fcrreas quae funt in vtroquehumcrofibulis connecluntur. Et invtroque brachiov- 
 nam habent peciam,qua:ab humero protenduntur vfquc ad manus , qua: etiam inferius funt 
 apt?. Et in vcroquc crure vnam habent peciam : quae pecia: omnes fibuhs coniunguntur. Ga- 
 lea autem fupecius eft ferrea, Sedillud quodproteghin circuitu collum&gulamde corio fit. 
 Et omnes iftx pecise de corio funt formaca: fecundum modum fuperius annotacum. Qu.idam 
 autem omnia qua? fuperiusdiximus habent de ferro in hunc modum formata. V-.amlami- 
 nam tenuem ad latitudinem vnius digiti faciunt, & ad longicudinem palmse vnius. Etia 
 hunc modumfaciunt laminas multas : & in vnaquaque lamina o6to foramina paruu.ia faciimt, 
 &interius tres corrigias ftric5las & fortes ponunt, & laminas vnam fuper aliam ponuc,quafi af- 
 cendendo per gtadus : & hgant laminas predi&as ad corrigias tenuibus corrigiolis, qua s mic- 
 
 tuns 
 
p The Englifh Voy ages,Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 tunt per foramina fuperiusannotata:Et in lupenori parte coniuunc CQrrjgiolamvuauijVt lami- 
 na? prardi&i bene & firmiter cohaereant libi. Et f aciuut ex laminis quati ccrrigiam vnam, & 
 poftealigant per pecias per omnia , ficuc luperius diftuni eft. Et ifta faciunt tani ad equorum 
 quam ad hominum armaturas. Et faciunt ilia ita lucere, quod porcft homo in eis facii rn faam 
 vidcre. Aliqui eoru lanceas habent: & in fine ferri lancee vnum habent vncu.cum quo trahunc 
 hominem dc fella fi poflunt. Longitudo fagittarum ell duorum pedum & vnius palma?,&du- 
 orum digitorum.Et quia diuerfifuncpedes,menfura pedum geomerrica ponimus. Duodecem 
 grana hordei pollicis tranfuerfioert. Sexdecempollices tranfuerfi faciunt vnum geometricum 
 pedem. FerramentafagutarumfuncacutilTima^exvtraqjparte incidentiaquafi gladius bi- 
 ceps^ femperportantlimasiuxtapharecram ad acuendumfagittas.FcrramenupraEdidtaM^ 
 dam habent acutam ad longitudinem vnius digici, quam imponunt in lignum. Scutum ha4 
 bent de viminibus vel de virgulis factum. Sagittas habent alias ad fagittandum aues beftias 8c 
 homines inermes ad trium digitomm latitudmem. Sagittas alias habent diuerfimodas ad 
 aues & beftias fagittandas • Quum ad bcllum proccdere volunt prsecurfores pra;miitunt, 
 qui nihil fecum portant praner filtra fua, equos & arma. Ifti nihil rapiunt, domos non combu- 
 runt,beftias non occidunt: Sed tamen homines vulnerant&mortificanr, & fi non poffunt ali- 
 ud,mittunt in fugam ; multo libentius tamen occidunt, quam fugant, poft iftos fequitur cxer- 
 citus,qui cunita quf inuenitaccipit.S: homines etiam.ijinueniri poflunt,accipiunt&occidunr. 
 Mostranandi Quum autemad fluminaperueniunt, hoc modo tranfeunt ilia etiamfi luntmagna, Maiores 
 Sumina. vnum rotundum&leue corium habent, in quo in fummicateper circiiitum crebras facmittan- 
 
 fas, in quibusfunem imponunt, & ftringuntitaquodin circuitu faciunt quendamventrem, 
 qucmreplentveftibu3,&alijs rebus, &fortilfimecomprimunt adinuicem: poft hocin medio 
 ponunt fellas & alias resduriores : homines autem in medio fedent : & ligant ad caudam equi 
 nauem hanc taliter prajparatam,& vnum hominum qui equum regat faciunt pariter cum equo 
 ante natare : vel habent aliquando duos remos, & cum illis remigant vltra aquam ,& fie tranf- 
 eunt fluuium, Equos veropellunt in aqua,&vnus homo iuxta vnum eqi!um,queregit,natat:&: 
 alij equi ilium fequuntur.Et fie tranfeunt aquas & flumina magna. Alij vero pauperiores vnam 
 burfam de corio beneconfutam vnufquifq; tenetur habere : in qua burfa vel in quofacco ve- 
 ftes & omnes res fuasimponunt;& in lummitate faccii fortilfime ligant,&: fufpendun t ad cau- 
 dam eqm',& tranfeunt, vc fupradic~tum eft. Sciendum eft,quod cum vident hoftes tunc vadunt 
 ad eos ,& vnufquifq; iacittres fagittas vel quatuor contra aduerfarios: Et fi vident quod eos 
 fupcrare nonpoflunt,retro gradiunturad fuos : Ethoc faciunt in fraudem, vt aduerfarij eos fcr 
 quantutadlocavbiinfidiasparauerunt:Et fiinimici eorum fequuntur adprardiclasinfidias, 
 circundant eos &ficvulnerant& occidunt. Item fi vident quod magnus exercitus eft contra 
 eos,aIiquando diuertunt ab eo per vnam dietam vel duas,& alia partem terra; inuadunt & Ipo- 
 lianc : & interficiunthomines,& terra deftruunt & deuaflant. Et fi vident quod hoc etiafacere 
 non poffunt,cedunt retro ad decern vel duodecem dietas : aliquando etia morantur in loco tu» 
 to,quoufq; aduerfarioru exetcitus feparetur, & tunc furti'm veninnt, & depopulantur totater- 
 ram.In bellis etiam aftutifllmifunt : quia iam per quadraginta annos & amphus cum alijs gen- 
 tibus dimicarunt. Cum autem volunt ad pugnam accedere.omnes acics ordinant ficut deberet 
 pugnare. Duces fiue principes exercitus bellunon intrant,fed ftant a Ionge cotra inimicoru ex- 
 ercicum,& iuxta fe habent pueros in equis & muliercs & equos.Et faciunt aliquando imagines 
 hominum, & ponunt fuper equos. Hoc idco faciunt,Yt multitudo magna bellantium efle cre- 
 dantur. Contra facicm equorum vnam aciem captiuorum & aliarum gentium qua: funt 
 inter cos tranimittunt : & ibrfitan aliqui Tartari vadunt cum cis, Alias acies fortiorumho. 
 minum longe mittuntadextris&afiniftris, vt non videantur ab aducrianj fuis : & fie circun- 
 dant aduerfarios &colligunt in medium, & pugnare incipiuntexomni parte. Etcumfunta- 
 liquandopauci 1 , putanturabaduerfarijsquicircundati funt, effemulti. Et maxime cum vi- 
 deant illos, qui funt cum duce vel principe exercitus pueros & mulieres & equos , & homines 
 fictos, vt dictum eft fupra: quoscicdunt efic pugnatores : &perhocterrentur&confun- 
 duntur, Etfi forte aduerfarij bene pugnant, faciunt cis viam vc fugiant: &flatim cumfu- 
 gere incipiunt.ab inuicem feparati infequuntur eos,& plure* tuncoccidnnt fuga,quam morti- 
 ficare poffent in bello.Sciendum tamen eft,quod fi aliudpoffunt,non hbetcr cogrediuntur,fed 
 homines & equos fagittis vulnerant & occidunt.Munitiones in hunc modum expugnant.Si eft 
 Qualitermuni. talis munitio ipfam circundant, immo aliquando ita fepiunt.vt nullus ingredi vel exirepoflir, 
 ifonts obfidtnr. Expugnant fortiffime machinis & fagittis: & nee die nee notte ceffant a prjelio, vt illi qui funt 
 in munitionibus non quiefcant, Ipfi Tartari quiefcunt:quia acies diuidunt & vna fuccedit alte- 
 ri in pugna vt non nimiu fatigentur. Et fi earn taliter habere non poflunt grarcu proijeiunt ig- 
 nem.Imo folcnt aliquando accipsrc aruina hominum quos occiduntj & liquefaclum proijeiune 
 
 fupej 
 
TbeTartars. Traffiques,andDiicouenes. 33 
 
 Pnnica futes. 
 
 ftiperdomos: Etvbicunqueveni: ignis luperpinguedincnnliam, quah iiiexunguibiJii.tr ar- 
 det. Etfiitanonpraeualenc, &ficiuitas ilia vel caltrumhabeat flumcn, obftruunt illud, vel 
 faciunt alium alueum & fubmergunc illam munitionem fi poflunt. Si autem non poflunt 
 fuffjdiunc illaii , & fub terra armati in ipfam ingtcdiuntur . Et cum iaai intrauerunc , vna 
 parsignem imponitvtcomburatur : & alia pars cum lllius munitionis hominibus pugnat. S* 
 autem nee fie illam vincerepoffunt,caftmm vel munitionemfuam faciunt contra illam , vtab 
 inimicorumiaculisnongrauentur, & contra illam multo tempore iaccnt: nififorte exte.ius 
 adiutoiiumexercitiis qui pugnat cum cis adhibeat, & vi remoueantipl'os. Sed cumiacent 
 arttemuiMiionemblandeeisloqiiuntu^&multapromittunt.ad hoc vtfeineorummanus tra- 
 dant : Et fi ill i Te eis tradiderint,dicunt: Exite,vt Iccundum morem noltrum vos muneremus. 
 Etcum illi ad eos exeunt, qimunc qui funt artifices inter eos, & illosteleruant : alios autem, 
 exceptis illis quos volunt habere pro feruis cum fecuri occidunt. Etfi aliquibus alijsparcunt, 
 vt diitum eft.nobihbus & honeflisnunquamparcimt. Et fi forte aliquo cafu contingenterc- 
 feruantaliquosnobiles; necprecenecpreciovltrade captiuitate poflunt exire. In bellisau- 
 tem quofcunque capiunt occidunt , nifi forte velint aliq 10s refetuare vt habcant eos pro feruis, 
 Occidendos autem diuidunt per centenarios, vtcumbipenniinierficiantur ab eis. Ipfivero 
 poft hoc diuidunt captiuos, & vnicuique feruoad interficiendum dant decern autplures vel 
 pauciores/ecundum quod maioribus placet. 
 
 De terris quas eorum dominio fubiugarunt. Cap.j. 
 
 SCripto quomodopugnant.dicendumeft deterris, quaseorutn domir.io fubiugarunt. De 
 quoiftomodofcribemus. Primodicemusquomodo faciunt cum hominibus pacem. Se- 
 cundodc ten arum nominibusquas fibi fubdiderunt. Tertio dctyrannide quamexercentiri 
 cis. Quarto deten/s quxviriliterreftiterunt. Sciendum eft quod cum nulhs hominibus fa- 
 ciuntpacem,nififubdentureis : quia, vt dictum eft lupra, Cyngiscanhabent mandatum, vc 
 cnn&as fi poflunt fibi fubijeiant nationes. E t ha?c funt ilia qua; petunt ab cis,vt vadant cum eis 
 in exercitu contra omnemhominem quando placet, &vt dentdecimamde omnibus tarn de 
 hominibus,quam de rebus, Computant enim decern, &*vnum accipiunt. De puellis fa- 
 ciunt illud idem, quos in terram eorum deducunt & tenent cos pro feruis : reliquos nu- 
 metant&ordinant Iccundum morem. Sedquandoplcnchabentdominiumfupereos, fiali- 
 quid promiferunt eis nihil obferuant: fed quafcunque poflunt congrueoccafionesinueniunc 
 contraeos. NamcumeiTemusinRuffia,miffusfuitSatacenorum ex parte Cuynthcanvtdice- 
 batur&Bati: &pra:fc£tus ille aquolibethominequi habebattrespueros vnumaccipiebat: 
 &quicunquevirinonhabebantvxores, illos deducebanc, &faciebant de inulieribusctiam 
 illud idem qugviroslegitimos non habebant. Pauperesetiamquimendicando fuiim viclum 
 quaerebantfimiliterdeportabunt. Reliquos autem fecundum eorum confuetudinemnume- 
 rauit, prscipiens vt vnufquifq; tam paruus quam magnus,& infans vnius diei, fiue pauper fiue 
 diues effet,tale tributu praiberetivt fcilicct daret vnu pellcm albi vrfi,& vnum nig-um < alt ore, VrG»H>i, 
 &vnum Zabulum,& vnam nigrampellemcuiufdamanimalis quod in terra latibulum habct, 
 cuius nomen nefcio in latinum transferre,fed Tentonice dicitur || Hit : Poloni autem & Ruthc- l VeI iKci 
 ni appellant illam Dochon : & vnam nigram pcllem vulpinam. Et quicunque ifta non dat, in- Dochon, 
 ter Tartaros debet duci,& in eorum redigi feruitutem. Mitunt etiam pro principibus terrarum, 
 vt ad eos veniant fine mora :& cum venerint, debitum honorem nullum recipiunt, fed haben- 
 tnr vt alia: viles perfona:: & oportet vt eis munera magna prarfentent, tarn due lbus quam vxo- 
 ribus eorum, & onScialibus,milIenarijs & centenarijs. Imo omnes gencnlicer,& ipfi etiam fer- 
 ui ab eis cum magna importunitate munera quirunt : Et non fblum ab ipfis jfed etiam a nun- 
 eijs eorum cum mittuntur. Aliquibus etiam inueniunt occafioncs vt cos cccidant. Sicutde 
 Michaele&alijsatSuimeft. Aliquos veroalliciunt, quos permit. unt redire. Aliquosettam 
 potionibus perimunt vel vencno.Eorum enim intentio eft,vt ipfi foli dominetur in terra. Idcir- 
 coquoeruntoccafiones contra nobiles,vt eos occidant, Abillis veroquos redifc permittunt 
 petunt eorum filios aut fratres, quos vlterius nunquam dimittunt. Sicut factum eft defilio 
 leroflai, & de quodam duce Alanorum, & alijs plutimis. Et fi moritur pater vel frater fiue hs- 
 resjfilium vel fratrem nunquam dimittunt: immoillius principatum totaliter accipiunt fibi. 
 Sicutde quodam Solangorum vidimus eflefaclum. Bafchathos fuos ponunt in tcrris eorum solangi. 
 quos redire permittunt, quibus oportet vt ad nutum tam duces quam alij debeant obedire. Et Ba^ha, vox- Tx- 
 fi homines alicuius ciuitatis vel terra: non faciunt quod volur* , ifuBafchathi imponunt eis, £"?« q " 
 quod funt Tartaiisinfideles: & fie ciuitatem illam vel terram dcltruunt, & homines qui funr 
 in ea occidunt, permanum validam Tartarorum, qui ex mandatoprincipisilliuscui ob:dit ter- 
 ra ilia veniunteisnefcientibus, & fubito irruunc fuper eos: ficut nup;rcontigit cum in terra 
 
 Tartarorum 
 
 .'.*-: 
 
Samogedi iqui- 
 loaaies. 
 
 Msngit, 
 
 %A. TheEnglilliVoyageSjMauigations, ITbe'T'arLars, 
 
 raitafuiuuieliciiiuiciequadamcmicace. Quod ipIummetdeRuthenisfecerunt in terra Co- 
 manorum. Etnonfolumprinceps Tartarorumquiterramvfurpauit, fedprsfec~tusipfius 3 & 
 quicunque Tarcarus per ciuicatem illam fiuetcrram tranfit quafi dominatureidem, & maxime 
 qui maior eft apud eos. Infuper aurum & argentUj& alia quae volunt & quando liber, ad impe- 
 ratorevadant Tartarorum ad placitandum. Sicutnupercontigicdeduobus hlijsrcgisGeor- 
 gix. Vnusenimeratlcgitimus, &c alter deadukerionatus, qui vocabatur Dauid : legitimus 
 aut :m Melic vocabatur. Filio adulters terrse partem relinquebat pater. Alius vero.qui iunior 
 eratjVtnttbaccum matre ad Tartarorum imperatorem,pro eoquodDauidpixdiclusadip- 
 fumiterarnpuciatveniendi. Mater alterius fcilicet Melic regina Gcorgix, per quammaritus 
 tenebacrcgnumjquiaperfoeminasillud regnumtenebatur,mortuafuitinvia, Uii autem cum 
 veneruntaederunt maxima munera: &maxime legitimus filius, quirepetebat terramquam 
 reliquerat pater filiofuo Dauid.cum non deberet habere, quia adulters filius erar. Ille vcro 
 refpondit: Licet fim filius concubinx,peto taroen vtfiatmihiiuftitia fecundumlegem Taitaro- 
 rum, quinuilamdiftcreniiara faciunt inter filics legitimx& ancills: vndefuitdacafententia 
 contra filium legitimum,vt ille Dauidi qui maior erat iubefTct,& terram haberec quiete & paci- 
 fke,quam dederat ei pater : & fie donatia qux dederat, & caufam quam contra frat, em fuum 
 Dauid habuerat,amifit. Ab illis etiam nationibus quslongefuntab eis,& conmnclx furu 
 alijs nationibus quas aliquo modo timent,qus non funt eisiubieclx^nbutu accipiui.t & quafi 
 rnifericordireraguntcumeiSjVt nonadducantexercitunifuper eos,vel etiamvtalijnon terre- 
 ancur,fetradereeis.Sicutfa<fTUmeftdeObefisfiueGeorgianis,aquibusqi!inqiiaoiritavelqua- 
 draginta millia^t dictum eft,yperperorum fiue Byf antioru accipiunt pro tribuco : alias ad hoc 
 in pace effc permictunt.Tamen/ecundum quod intelleximus ab eis,rebellare proponunr, 
 
 Terrarum nomina quas vicertint funt hxc. Kytai,Naymani,Solangi,KaraKytaij fiueni- 
 griKytaijComania, Tumac, Voyrat.Caraniti, Huyur,Soboal,Msrkiti,Meniti , Baryhryur, 
 Gofnrit, SaracenijBiferminijTurcomanijByleri, magna Bulgaria, Bafcharc, magna Hanga- 
 ria, Kergis,Colona,Thorati, Buritabeth,Parorfi:i,Sairi, Iacobiti, Alatii, fiue Affi, Obefifiue 
 Georgiani, Neftoriani, Arnieni,Cangiti, ComaniBrutachi, quifunt Iudxi.Mordui, Torci, 
 Gazan,Samogcdi,Perfes, Thoas, India minor fiue ^Ethiopia, Yrchafi, Rutheni, Baldach, 
 Sarthi: Alixterrxfuntplures, fed earum nomina ignoramus. Vidimus etiam viros& mulie- 
 res fere de omnibus terris fupra nominatis. Hxcauccm funt nomina Terrarum qua: eisvirih- 
 ter reftiterunt, ncc funt adhuc fubditx eis, India magna, Mangia ; Quxdam pars Alanorum : 
 QuxdamparsKytaorum,Sayi, Quandam enim ciuicatem Sayorum prxdiiftorum obfedc- 
 derunt & debcllare tentauerunt. Acipfi feccrunt machinas contra machinas eorum, & Tarta- 
 rorum machinas omnes fregerunt, nee ciuitati appropinquare poterantadpugnam contra 
 machinas & baliftas.Tandem vna viam fub terra fecerunt,& profiluerut in ciuitate,&alij tenta- 
 bant incendere ciuitatejalij pugnabant.Homines autem ciuitatis vnam partem populi ad extin- 
 guendii ignem pofucrunt, & alia pars fortiter pugnabat cum hijs qui intrauerunc ciuitatem , & 
 rnultos occiderunt ex eis,& alios vulneraueriint,c6pellenres eos ad fuos redire. At ipfi vidente9 
 quod nihil poflent facere,& multi hominesmorercntur,recefTerunt ab e;s.In terra Saracenorii 
 & alioru vbi funt quafi inter eos domini, accipiut omnes artifices meliores,& in cmnibus opc- 
 ribus fuis ponunt. Alij aute artifices dant eis de operc fuo tributum. Segetes omnes condunt in 
 borreis dominorum : & vnicuique vnum pondus fads modicum dant in die : nihil aliud nifi ter 
 in ieptimana modicum quid decarnibus eis prebent. Etillihocttntumartificibus faciunt qui 
 in ciuicatibu9commorantur f Item quando domini s placet iuuenes omnes accipiunt,& poft fe 
 cum omnibus famulis fuis ire coguntrqui de cxtero certo funt numeroTartarorujimmo potius 
 de numero captiuoru; quia etfi inter ipfos funt numerati, non tamen babentur in reuerentia fi- 
 cut Tartari; fed habenturpro feruis,& ad omnia pericula vt alij captiui mittuntur, Ipfi enim in 
 bellofuntprimi: Etiam fi debet palusvelaquapericulofatranfiri, eosopottet primovadum 
 tentare. Ipfos eft etiam necefle operari omnia qux funt facienda. Ipfi etiam fi in aliquoofc 
 fendunt,vel fi non obediunt ad nutum, vt afini vcrberantur, Et vt breuiter dicam, modicum 
 quid manducant, & etiam modicum bibunt, & pefllme induuntur ; nifi forte aliquid poffunc 
 lucrari, nifi funt aurifabri& alij artifices boni. Sedaliquitam malos dominos habent, quod 
 nihil eisdimittunt, nee habent tempusprx multitudine operum dominorum,vt fibi aliquid o- 
 perentur,nififurenturfibitetnpus,quandoforfitandebentquielcereveldormire. Erhocfivx- 
 oresvelpropriamftationempermittuntur habere, Alij autem qui tenentur in domo pro feruis 
 omni miferia funt repleti. Vidi enim eos ire in bracis fxpiffime, & toto corpore nudos in maxi- 
 mo folis ardor e, Et in hyemepatiuntut maximum frigus. Vidimus etiam aliquospedicas & 
 digitos manuum de magno frigore perdidiffe. Audiuimusetiam alios elTemortuos,vel eti- 
 am de magno algore quafiin omnibus membris inutiles elTe faites. 
 
 Quomodo 
 
TbeTartars. TrafFiques,aiidDilcouenes. 35 
 
 Quomodo hello occurratur Tartaris. Cap. 8. 
 
 Dldlode terris, qua: obediunt cis , fupponendum eft quomodo bello occurratur eifdern. 
 Quod videcur nobis hoc modo diccdum. Primo fcrbendum eft quid intendunt. Secundo 
 dearmis&ordinationeacieru. Tcrtio quomodo occurratur aftutijs corum in congreflione. 
 Quartode munuione caftrorum & ciuitatu. Quinto quid faciendum fit decaptiuis eorum. In- 
 tentio Tartaroruno eft lubijcere fibi totum mundum fi poflunt. Et de hoc Cyngifchan habent 
 mandatum,ficut fupcrius diitum eft. Idcirco eorum imperator fie In liceris fuis fcribit.Dei tor- 
 titudo,Omnium Imperator. Et in fuperfcriptionefigilhfui hoc habct. 
 
 Dominusinccclo,&CuynchChaniupertcrram. Dei fortitudo, omnium hominum impc- 
 ratorisfigillum. Etideocumnullishominibnsfaciuntpacem.vtdi&timcftjnififortcfeineo- 
 rummanibustradunt* Et quiaexecpta Chriftianitate nulla eft terrain orbe qu?mtimcnt, id- 
 circofeadpugnampraepararuntcontranos. Vndenouerintvniuerfiquod nobis cxiftentibus 
 in tctra eorum in fo'.enni curia, qua; iani ex pluribus annis indicia erat, fuimus, vbiclegerunt 
 Cuynchimperatorcminprajfencianoftra, qui in lingua corum dicitur Chan, Quj Cuynch. 
 Chan prasdi&userexit cum omnibus principibus vexillum contra ecdefiamdei &Romanum 
 imperium,& contra omnia regna Cluiftianorum & populos occidentismifi forfan facerent ca, 
 qua; mandat Domino Papa*,& potentibus ac omnibus Chiiliianoru populis Occidentis : quod 
 nulla ratione faciendum eft : turn propter nimiam ieruitutem & imolerabilem, qua; eft hacle- 
 nus inaudita, quam vidimusoculis no(lris,in quam redigunt omnes gentes fibi fubiectas : turn 
 propterea quod nulla in eis eft fides: nee poteftaliqua gens confidere in verbis corum : quia 
 quicquid promittunt non obferuant,quando vident fibi tempora fauere: &c fubdoli funt in om- 
 nibus radtis &promi(Tis eoru.Intendunt ctiam delerc omnes p rincipes, omnes nobiles, omnes 
 militcs de terra, vt fupcrius di6luni eft : fedhocfaciunc lubdole & artificiofe in fubditos fuos : 
 Turn etiam quia indignum eft quodChriftianifubdancureifdem, propter abominationes eo- 
 rum, & quia in nihilum redigitur culcus dei, & snimi peieunt, & corpora vltra qua credi poftit 
 multitudineaffliguntur. In primo quidem funtblandi , fedpofteavtfeorpiocruciant &affli- 
 gunt. Turn quia pauciores funt numero,&corpore debilioresquapopuli Chriftiani. In prsedi- 
 Sa autem curia funt bellatorcs & principes & exercitus aftignati. De dece hominibus mittun- 
 tur ires cum famiIijseoru,deomniterrapoteftatiscoru.Vnuscxercitus debet intrareperHun- 
 gariam : fecundus per Poloniam.Veniunt autem pugnacuri continue oiiodecem annis.Tepus 
 eft etiam eis afliguatum,In Martio An.Dom.i 247.fi c ' c cerra ^ ua mouebunt. Venient autem in 
 tribusvelinquatuorllaunisvfqjadCcmania. DeComaniaauteinfuItum facicnt in terras fu- DF° ,, « mtn ffl 3u * 
 periusannotatas. Ha;c omnia nrma funt & vera, nifiDominus aliquodimpedimenrupro fua 
 gratia faciat eis.Sicut fecit quando venerunt in Hungaria & Polonia.Debebat cnim procederc 
 tunc pro certo triginta annis, Sed interfcclus fuit tunc imperator eoru veneno : & propter hoc 
 quieuerunt a prehjs vfq; nunc. Sed modo,quia pofituseft imperator de nouo,itcrum Cc de no- 
 uoadpugnamincipiuntprsparare. Adhoc fciendum eft,quod imperator dixit orefuo,quod 
 yellet mittcre excrcitum in Liuoniam & Prufliam. Et quoniam omnem terrain volun t delere r,n V l f"y°' 
 velinferuitutemredigere, quzferuitus eft intolerabilisnoftra?genti,vt fupcrius didtum eft: Liumiamas 
 Occurrendumeftigiturcisinbello. Sedfivnaprouincianon vultalteri opemferre, terrailla Pruffiam « 
 delebitur contra quam pugnant, &cumillis hominibus quoscapiuntpugnabunt contra a!i- 
 amterram; &inacieeruutprimi. Si male pugnant occidenturab eis: Si autem bene, ipfos 
 cum promiflis adulationibus tencnt : & etiam vt ab ipfis non fugiant promittunt cis quod faci- 
 ent cos dominos magnos : & pofthoc quando fecuri efle poflunt de ipfis, vc non redeant.faci- 
 unceosinfcelicifiimosfcruos. Acde mulieribus quas voluntin concubinastenereprofcrui- 
 tijsfaciuntillud idem. Etita cum hominibus deuidtaeprouinciideftruuntaliamterram.Ncc 
 eft aliqua prouincia quae per fe poffit refiftcre eis : quia de omni terra poteftatis eorum, vt di- 
 ctum eft, homines congregant ad bellum. Vnde fi Chriftiani feipfos & fua terram,& Chnftia- 
 nitatemvoluntferuare,oportetquodinvnum conueniantreges,principes&barones,& terra- 
 rum recl3res,& mittant de comuni confilio homines contra cos ad pugna, antequam ipfi inci- 
 piant in terras diffundi. Quoniam poftquam incipiuntfpargi per terras, vndiq; homines qua> 
 runt.&nullus congruc auxilium alteri poteft pribere : quoniam ipfi cateruatim vndiq; quar- 
 runthomines&occidunt. Etficlauduntfeincaftris, ponunttriainilliavel quatuormilliahc- 
 minum contra caftrum velciuitatem, qui obfideant earn; & ipfi nihilominus diftunduntur per 
 terras homines occidentes.Quicunq ; autem volunt pugnare cum ei s, hzec arma debent habere. 
 Arcus bonos & forres,& baliftas,quas multu timent,& iagittas fiifnrience J : & bonum dolabrij 
 de bono ferro,& fcutu cu longo manubno. Fcnamentafagittatu de arcu vcl de balifta debent, 
 
 vt 
 
Speculators. 
 
 \6 The Englifh Voy ages,Nauigations, The Tartars, 
 
 Ttmperamenium v: f artan,quaudo fiint calida,temperan in aqua cum lale mixta,vc rorcia hut ad pcnettanduin 
 armaeorum. GIadios& eciam lanceas cum vnco, quivaleanc ad trahenduni eosde fellis: 
 quia de eis facillimecadunr: accukellosacloricasjduplkatas; quiailloseotum fagittaenon 
 penetrant : & galea & arma alia ad protegendum corpus & equum ab armis & fagictis eorum, 
 Etfialiqui non funtita bene armati,vtdixi ; debent ire pod alios vt faciunc Tartari: &tra- 
 here contra eos de armis & fagictis. Nee debent parcere pecuniar, quoniam comparent ar- 
 ma, vt poflinc animas & corpora , libertatem&res alias conferuare, Acies debent ordinari, 
 vc ipfi,per millenarios,centenarioSj & decanos & duces cxercitus : qui duces nequaquam de- 
 bent praslium intrare, ficut nee duces eorum, fed debent exercitus videre & ordinare: legem- 
 quc debent ponerevtfimul incedant ad bellum,fiue alias,ficut i'unt ordinati.Et quicunque re- 
 linquitaliumfiueadbellumprocedentem,fiue pugnantem,velquicunquefugeric, nifiomnes 
 comuniter cedant,grauiflimepuniatur:quia tunc pars bellantiumfequitur fugientes ) & fagittis 
 eorum occidunt,& pars cum bijs qui temanet pugnant,& fie confundutur &occiduntur rema- 
 nences & fugientes. Similiter quicunq; conuerfus fuerit ad praedam tollcndam,antequam om. 
 ninofic exercitus contrarioru deui£tus,maxima pcena mulftctur,Talis enim apud Tartaros fine 
 vlla miferationeocciditur. Locus adpradiandum ell eligendus,fi fieri poteft vt campus fit pla- 
 nus, ckpollintvndique videre :&fipoffunt habeant fyluammagnam a tergo velalatere. ita 
 tamen quod non pofliint intrare inter ipfos & fyluam : nee debent fimul omnes conucnirein 
 vnum, fed facere acies multas, 8c diuerfas ab inuicem, nee tamen multum diftances. Et con- 
 tra lllos qui poftveniunt debent vnam aciem mittere qui eis occurrat, EtfiTanarifimulant 
 fugam, non multum vadant pofl: eos, nifi forte quantum pofliint videre, ne forte ipfosad pa- 
 ratas infidias trahant, ficut facere folent : Et alia fit parata ad iuuandum aciem illam , fi fuerit 
 oppoitunum. Infuper habeant fpeculatores ex onuii parte,vt videant quando veniant alia? a- 
 ciesTartarorumretro,adextris&afiniflris: &femper debent mitterc aciem contra aciem 
 quxeis occurrat. Ipfienim Temper nituntur concludere aducrfarios eorum in medio, vnde 
 magnam cautela debent habere ne hoc facere poflinc, quia fie exercitus facillime debellatur. 
 Omnes acies hoc debent cauere, nediu currant pofl: eos, propter infidias quas folent pra?pa- 
 rare: plus enim fraudulentiaquamforcitudinepugnant. Duces exercitus femper debent efle 
 parati ad mittendum adiutorium,fi necefle eft,illis qui func in pugna, & propter hocetiam de- 
 bent vitare nimium curfum pofteos :ne forte fatigenturequi eorum ; quoniam noftri multitu- 
 dinemequorumnonhabent. SedTartariillum quern equitantvna die, ilium nonafcendunt 
 in tribus vel in quatuor diebus poft hoc. Vnde non curant fi fatigentur cqui eoru propter mul- 
 titudinem quam habent.Et fi Tartari cedunt,non tamen noftri debent re cedere,vel ab inuicem 
 fcparari : quia fimulando hoc faciunt,vt exercitus diuidatur,& pott hoc terram libere ingredi- 
 antur,&eamdeftruant.Debentetiam cauere vtnonfaciantnimiasexpenfas,vtfolent;ne prop- 
 ter penuriamredire compellantur,&dentTartaris viam,vt ipfos & alios occidant,& defiruant 
 omnemtcrram;& propter eorum fuperfluitatemnomen Domini blafphemetur.Et hoc debent 
 facere dili«enter:vt fi contingat aliquos pugnatores recedere,quod ahj loco eorum fuecedanr. 
 Duccsetiam noftri debent dienofteque facere exercitum cuftodiri, ne repente & fubitoirru- 
 ant fuper ipfos : quia Tartari vt da?mones,mukas excogitant iniquitates & artes noeendi : Im- 
 mo tarn dc die quam de nocle femper debent eflc parati : fed necfpoliati debent iacere ncc de- 
 liciofe ad menfam federe , ne imparati inueniantur , quia Tartari femper vigilant , vt pof- 
 fintnocere. Homines vero terra? qui Tartaros expectant, vel fuper fe timent venire, occul- 
 tas foueas debent habere, in quibus fagittas, & alia debent reponere, propter duo : vt videli- 
 cet Tartari non poflint ea habere; & fi propitius fuerit eis Dcus,valeant ea poftea inucnire;Eis 
 fuoientibusdeterrajdebentfcenum&itraminacomburerejVtequiTartarorutnadconieden- 
 dum minus inueniant. Ciuitatesautem&caftrafi voluntmunire, videant prius qualia finthi 
 fitu.Situs enim talisdebet eflc in caftris.quod machinis & fagittis expugnan no poflit; & aqua 
 habeant fufficientem &lignu,& fi fieri poteft,quod introitus&exitus eis tollinon poflit : & 
 quod habeant homines fufficicntes qui poflint vicifsim pugnare. Et debent vigilare diligen- 
 ter nealiquaalWapofsintcaftrumfurari. Expenfasad multos annos debent habere fuffici- 
 cntes : cuftodiant tamen diligenter illas,& in menfura manducent,quia nefciunt quanto tem- 
 pore eos in caflrisoportet efle inclufos. Quum enim incipiunt,tnncmu]tisannisobfidcnt v- 
 num caftrum. Sic fit hodierna die in terra Alanorum de quodam monte, quern, vt credo, iam 
 obfederunt per duodecem annos; qui viriliter reftitcruw,& multos Tartaros & nobiles occide- 
 runt. Alia autem caftra & ciuitatcs, qua? talem fitum non habent debent former vallari foueis 
 profundismunitis, &muris bene pratparatis ; &arcus& fagittas fufficientes: &lapidesac 
 fundas debent habere. Et debent diligenter cauere, quod non permittant Tartaros ponerc 
 machinas fuas; & fuis machinis debent cos rcpellere.Et fi forte aliquo ingenio vel arte erigunt 
 
 Tartaia 
 
 Obfidiol».im« 
 norum. 
 
'7 he 1 artars. 1 raftiquesjand Dilcouenes. 
 
 V 
 
 Tartar mac hmasfuas^debenccas dcltruere machmis luisii pollunt. Baliftis etiam, fundis 
 &mich;nis debentre (iftere ne ciuitati appropinquenr, Alias etiam dcbent cffe paraci, vt 
 fuperius didtum eft. DecaHris&ciuitatibus ) qua:luritinfluaiinibuspofita; J di!igcntcrdcbent 
 viderc n: poiTrnt fubmergi. Sed ad hoc fciendu eft, quod Tartari plus diligunt, quod homines 
 claudant fe in ciuitatibus, quam quod pugnent cu eis in campo, Dicunt enim cos eflc fuoi por- 
 ccllosinharaconclufo3.VndepoiiuiKeiscuftodes,vtfupradiclucft. Si aute aliqui Tartari de 
 cquisfuis in bel!oproijciuntur,ftatimluiucapiendi: quia cum funt in terra fortiter(ag'utant,& 
 equos & homines vulnerant & occidunt. Et Ci feruantur tales, potctt efle, quod habeacur pro 
 cis pax perpetua,aut pecunia magna redimantur : quonia leadmuicem fatis diligunt.Sed quo- 
 modo Tartari co°nofcancur,fupetiusdic~himeft vbi forma eorum fuitcxprefla. Tamen quan- 
 do capiuntur,fi debent feraari, ne fugiant diligens eft cuftodia adhibenda. Sunt etia alia: mulc§ 
 oentescu eis,qux per rorma fuperius annotata poiTunt ab ipfis cognofci, Eft ctiam hoc fcicn» 
 dum,quod multi in exercitu eorum funt, qui fi viderent temr-us,& haberecfiduciam, quod no- 
 ftri non occiderent cos, ex omni parte cxerckus.ficut ipfimet nobis dixerunt,pugnarent cu eis s 
 & plura mala facerent ipfis,quam alij, qui funt eorum aduerfarij manifefti. 
 
 TSpcIohg anii toonccrfulbopagc of jfrier Iohn de Piano Carpini,fm amtatoour bp^ope 
 Innocentius tlje tut. An.Doa 245.10 tbe great CAN of rartaria;U)ljEnnrjcpjifrcDtl)jDtiglj 
 Bohemia,Polonia,RulTia,anDfOtOtl)CCt£,ieof KiovvliponBorifthcncs, anofroiml)Ence 
 tone corutnuallp pott foj the fpace of fire moneths tljjougl) Comania , ouer tlje ttrtgfcty ano 
 famous riucrs of Tanais,Volga,aiiD Iaic,$ though tlje countries of tbe people calieD Kan- 
 gicta:, Eifermini, Kara-Kitay, Naimani, fj fo tc tbe rtatlUC COUntrie of tlje Mongals o? Tar- 
 tars, Qtuate in tlje errreme33ojt&ca(reme partes of all Afia: anatljence baefce againetbe 
 fame uiap to Ruffia,anti Polonia.anD fo to Rome; fpenaing in tbe \sii)o\e uopage among tlje 
 fapo Tartars one toljolc pectctj aboue foure monetbs ; 'E.akcn out ef tbe 3 2, boofte of Vin- 
 cer.tus Beluacenfis bis Speculum hiftoriale, 
 
 L1BRI XXXII. 
 
 De prima miflioneFratrum Prcdicatorum &Mi- 
 
 norumadTartaros. Cap.2. 
 
 Oc etiam tepore mifit Innocentius 1 1 1 1. Papa Fr, Aicelinu de ordinc Prxdi- 
 « catorucu tribus alijs Fratribus, au£toritate,quafungebantur,dediucrfis or- 
 |jj3 dinis iiii conuentibusfibiaflbciatisjcum Uteris Apoftolicis ad exercitu Tarta- 
 rs) roru, inquibushortabatureos,vtabhominuftragedeiifterent,&fideiverii 
 *Th tatercciperent.EtegoquideabvnoFratrumPrxdicatoiu,videlicetaFr.Si- 
 mone de S.Quintino,iam ab illo itinere regteflb,gefta Tartaroru accepi,illa 
 duntaxat, qua: fuperius per diuerfa loca iuxta congruentia temporu huic operi inierui. Siquide 
 & eo tempore quida Frater ordinis Minoru,videlicet Fr. Iohannes de Piano carpini, cum qui- 
 bufdam alijs minus fuit ad Tartaros,qui etiam, vt ipfe teftatur, per annum & quatuor menies & 
 amplius cum eis manfit,& inter eos ambulauit.A fummo namq; Pontifice mandatu.vt omnia, 
 qua: apud eos erant.diligenter fcrutaretur,acccperat,tam ipfe,quamFr,Benedi£tus Polonus e- 
 iufdem ordinis,qui fax tribulationisparticeps & focius erat. Et hie ergo Fr.Ioannes de his.quas 
 apud Tartaros vel oculis proprijs vidit,vel a Chriftianis fide dignis,qui inter illos captiui erant, 
 audiuit.libellum hiftorialem confcripiit, qui & ipfe ad manus noftras peruenit. De quo etiam 
 hie quafi per epilogum inferere libet aliqua, videlicet ad fupplementum eorum,quidefunt in 
 prxdidta Fr. Simonis hiftoria, 
 
 
 Afccliruis. 
 
 «' ViJcMcchc- 
 umlib.i.cap.5. 
 
 Simon Sanquin. 
 tinianus. 
 
 Joannes dc Plan* 
 Caipini. 
 
 Bcncdifius Vo- 
 lonus. 
 
 Libellus hi'ftorio 
 alls Ioannisdc 
 Piano Caiplw'i 
 
 Dejitu <& qualitate terra Tartarorum. Cap . 5 . 
 
 Iohannes de Piano Carpini. 
 
 ESt in partibus Orient's terra,quxMongaliiueTartariadicitur,inea(cilicet parte fita.in qua Tariariide. 
 OriensAquiloniconiungicredicur. Ab Oriente quidem habet terrain Kythaoruni&eti- tc " ru °' 
 am Solangorum.a meridic vero terra Sarracenorum. Inter N Orient e & meridiem terram Huv- 
 norum.& ab Occidente prouinciam Naymanorum, ab Aquilone vero circundatur Oceano. In 
 parte aliqua nimium eft montuofa,& in aliqua campeftris, fed tota fere admixta glarea pluri- 
 mum arenofa,ncceft in centefima parte frudiuofa. Ncc enim poteft fruflum portare.nifi aquis 
 fluuialibus irrigetur,qus ibi funt rariffimf .Vndc «cc villf nee alique ciuitates ibide rcperiuntur, 
 
 D escepta 
 
 llVel Occident«rri 
 
Of da quid. 
 
 ^8 1 he Englifh Voyages.Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 e:;ceptavn3,qu£CJracunmappellatur,&larisbonaefie dicitur. Nos quidem lllamnou vidi- 
 SyraorJa. mus,fcd ad dimrdiamdictampropefuimuSjCiim apud Syramordam^quse curia maior Impera- 
 
 toris eorum eii.effemus . Licet autem alius infru&ifera fit ilia terra, tamen alendis pecoru 
 bus eft apta. In aliquaeius parte font aliqug fyliKemodicae, alia vero fine lignis eft omni- 
 no. IcaquetamlrnperatorquamPrincipes, &omnes alijfedent, & cibaria iua decoquunc 
 Aeiisintemperies ad focum, de bourn & equorum fterconbus factum. Ipfe quoq; aft inordinatus eft ibidem mi- 
 rabilitcr.In. media fiquidem atftate ibi tonitrua magna & fulgura fiunc,ex quibus plurimi occi- 
 duntur homines,& eodem quoq; tempore cadunt ibidem maxime niues. Sunt & ibi ventorum 
 fagidiflimorum tarn maximgtempeftaccs,qu6d aliquando vix poflunr equitare homines. Vn- 
 de aim ante ordam effemus (ficenim apudeos ftationes Imperatoris & Principum appellan- 
 
 tur)pra;vcntimagnitudineinterr3proftratiiacebamus,&videre propter puluerismagnitudinc 
 niinimc potcramus. Nun quam ibi pluit in hyeme,fed frequenter in xftste a & tarn modicum,vc 
 vix poffet aliquando puluerem & radicem graminum madefacerc. ]bi quoq; maxima orando 
 caditfxpe. VndecumIrnperatoreIeftusinfederegnidebuitponi,nobisin curia tunc exiftcn- 
 tibus 3 tanta cecidit °rando,quod ex fubita refolutione plufquam CLX.homines in eadem euna 
 i uerunt fubmerfi. Res etiam & habitacula plura fueruni dedu&a. Ibi ctiam eft in asftate fubito 
 calormagnuSj&tepente maximum frigus. 
 
 De forma <& habitu ty YiHu eoru/n. Cap .4. 
 
 MOngalorum autem flue Tartarorum forma ab omnibus alijs hominibus eftremota*. Inter 
 oculosenim,& inter genas,lati funt plusca?teris,gcna: quoq; fatisprominent a maxillis. 
 Nafum habent planum 8: modicum,oculosetiamparuos, & palpebras vfq; ad fupercilia ele- 
 uatas,acfuperverticcm in modumClericorumcoronas.Exvtraq; parte frontis tcndendo,pluf- 
 quaminn3ediocrineslongosfaciuut,reliquos autem flcut mulieres crefcere perraittunt. De 
 quibus duascoi das faciunt,&vnamquamq;poftauremligant.Pedes.quoq;modicosbabenr» 
 Vefles cam viroium quam mulicrum vno modo format! funt. Pallijsvelcappis velcaputijs 
 non vtuntur. Tunicas veromiro modo formatas portant debuccaramo,vel purpurato, vel bal- 
 daquino. Peilicium habct pilos exterius, fed apertuni eft a poftciioiibus. Habet tavaen caudu- 
 lam vnam vfq; ad genua retro.Veftesfuas non lauant.nec lauai ipermictuntj&maxirr.e a tem- 
 pore, quo tonitrua incipiunt, vfquequo definat illud terapus. Stationes habent rotundas in 
 modumtentorijdevirgulis&baculis fubtilibusprarparatas. Sapra veto- in medio rotundani 
 habent feneflram,vndeingrediaturlumen,&fuuiusexirepoffit:qma Temper in medio faciunc 
 ignem :parietes autem & tc&a filtro funt operta. Oftiaquoq; de filtrofuntfa<5ta.Harumqug- 
 dam fubito foluuntur, & reparantur, & fuper lummanos deferuntur: quaedam vero diffblui 
 nonpoffuntfedincurribusportant,ur* Etquocunq;fiueadbcllum fiue alias vadunc, fempcr 
 illas tecum deferunt.In animalibus valde diuites funt, vt inCamelis &bobus, capris & oilibus. 
 Iumenta Sc equos habent in tanta muItitudine,quantamnon credimus todim mundi refiduum 
 habere. Porcos aute & alias beftias non habent. Imperator ac Duces atq; alij magnates in auro 
 & argento ac ferico & gemmis abundant. Cibi eoru funt omnia,qua; mandi pofliint. Vidimus 
 cos etia manducare pediculos. Lac bibut animaliu,& in maxima quantitate.fi habent,iumen- 
 tinu.Porro in hyeme,quia nifidiuires fint.lac iumeiuinu non habcnt,rr)illium cum aqua deco- 
 quunt,quod tarn tcnue faciunt,vt illud bibere valeant. Vnde quilibet eoru fcyphum bibit vnu 
 vel duos in mane,& quandoq; nihil ampliusmanducant in die. In fero autem vnicuiq; datur 
 decarnibusmodicu,&bibunt ex eisbrodiiim.Porrb in arftatequando fatis habent delafteiu- 
 nientinojcarnes comedunt raro,nifi forte donctur cifde, aut venationc beftia aliquam ceperins 
 velauem. 
 
 De mor'tbus eorum bonis <&* mdis. Cap . 5 . 
 
 HAbent autem mores quofdam quidem commendabiIes,& quofdam deteftabiles. Magis 
 quippe funt obedie-ntes Dominis fuis,quim aliqui qui in mulldo fin t homines , fiue reli- 
 giofi fiue feculares. Nam eos maxime reuerentur, ncc illis de facili mentiuntur verbis fadiifue : 
 raro vel nunquam ad inuicem contendunt,bellaq; vclrixx,vulnera vel homicidia nuncjuam i ra- 
 ter eos contingunr.Pffdonesetiamacfuresrerunimagnarurbinequaquarnueniumurjideoq; 
 ftationes & cuirus eoru.vbithcfauros habent,(eris aut vedtibus non firmantur. Si aliqua beftia 
 perdita fuerit, quicunq; inueniteam vel dimittit, vel ad illos, quiad hoc pofiti funt,eam ducit. 
 Apud quos ille,cuius eft beftia,illam requirit,& abfq,- vlla difficultaterecipit. Vnus alium fatis 
 honorar, & familiantate ac cibaria, quamuis apud eos fint pauca,liberaliter fatis communicat. 
 Satis etia funt fufferences,ncc cum ieiunauerint vnodie,vel duobus,omninb fine cibo.videntui 
 
 impa. 
 
 Tattaromm (pe- 
 des. 
 
 Tonfura. 
 
 Habitus. 
 
 Veftts rttro 
 caudacx. 
 
 Tabtinacula. 
 
 Opts in pecore, 
 
 Viftus. 
 
 •2-£l3*f2«. 
 
 AblUncatu. 
 
 Comiui. 
 
 Tempaantia. 
 
YheTartars. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 39 
 
 impatientes,lcdcaiuant&ludum,aclibeiiecomLdilicnc. lnequitando multum luitiucn;tri- 
 tus,caIorcm quoq; nimium paciuniur, Iniereos quail nulla placita funr,& quamuis multum 
 fnebrientiir, tamen in cbrietatcfua nunquamconicndunr. Nullus aliumfpernic,fediuiiat& 
 promouet,quantum congrue poteft, Caiia; funt eorurn mulieres, nee aliquid inter eos auditur CiJliej5 _ 
 de ipfarum lmpudicitia. Qyacdam tamen ex ijs verba turpia fatis habenc & impudica. Porro 
 er°a castcros homines ijdem Tarcari fupcrbiflfimi hjnc, omnefq; nobiles & ignabiles quaii pro 
 nihilorepurantcsdeipiciunt. Vnde vidimus in curia Impcratoris magnum Rulfigduccrnj&fi- (u"^",^. 
 lium re°isGeorgianorum, ac Soldanos rnulcos &magnos nullum honorem debicum recipcrc 
 apud eos. Quinetiam Tanari eifdem aflignati, quantumcunq; viles eflent illos anceccdebant, 
 femperq; primum locum & fummum cenebant,im6etiamfarpeoportebatillospofieorupo- 
 fteriora fedcre.Prajtcrea iracundifunt, & indignantis nature multum erga caueros homines,& irwundia. 
 vlcramodumergaeoidemmendacef. Inprincipioquideblandifunc.fcdpofimodum vrScor- 
 piones pungunt. Subdoli enim & fraudulenti funt,& omnes homines fi poffunt aftutia circum- Fraudulent*, 
 ueniunt. Quicquidmalivolunteisfaccre, m'uomodooccultant, vcfibi nonpoffintprouidcrc, 
 vel contra corum aftucias remedium inuenire* Immundi quoq; funt in cibo & potu fumendis, ^"]' tmia> 
 & in cxteris fadtis fuis, Ebrictas apud illos eft honorabiiis : cumq; mukum aliquis biberit,ibi- 
 demq; reij cit,non ideo ceflat,quin iterum bibac. Ad pctendum maximi funt exac}ores,tcnacif- . . , 
 fimirctentoies,parciffimidouatores, Aliorumhominum occifio apud illos eft pro nihilo. 
 
 De legihm &• confuetudinibus corum. Cap.<5. 
 
 HOcauterohabentinlegefiueconnjctudine,vtoccidintviros&: mulieres, fiquando in- pcaai ""'' 
 ueniancurinadulteriomanifelte. Similiter ctiam virgmem , fi fornicatafueikcumali- 
 quo.occidunc earn cum eo. Prastereafialiquisinpradavel rurcomanifeftcinuenitur 3 finevl- Futt - 
 lamiterationeocciditur. Item fiquisdenudauicconlilia, maximequando volunrad bcllum 
 procedere } dantur ei fuper pofteriora centum plaga;,quanto maiores vnus rufticus cum magno 
 baculo poreft dare. Similiter cum aliqui de minoribus offendunt in aliquo, non eis a maionbus r "" euu " ' 
 fuis parcicur.fed verberibuserauiterarBieuntur. Matrimonio autemqeneraliterconiunoun- l«g»*«rimw 
 
 r .. . • • o cr a r j f, nioium. 
 
 turomnibus,etiampropmquiscarne,excepta matre & nlia& lororeex eadem matre. Nam 
 
 fororem t3ntum ex patre,& vxorem quoq; patris.poft cius mortem folenc ducere. Vxore eti- 
 
 amfratris alius frateciunior,poftciusmortem,vel alius deparentcla^cnetur ducere. Vndedum Andreas Dux 
 
 adhuc efTemus in terra.Dux quidam Rufliar.Andreas nomine.apud Batv.quod equos Tartaro- Kufljg; 
 
 j j or- J . r A 11. ' A- i ^ r fVide Herbar- 
 
 ium de terra educeret,& al>]svenderet,acculatuselt: quod licet non efiet probatum > occilus fieiniumdewbuj 
 
 eft. Hoc audiens mnior frater,& vxor occifi, paricer venerunc ad praefatum Ducem, fupplicare Mofchoui. 
 
 volentes,ne terra aufetretur eifdem. Acilleparuopraicepit.vtfratrisdefundi duceretvxerem, p " s ' ' ' 
 
 unilieri quoq; vt ilium in virumduceret,fecundum 1 artarorum confuetudine. Qua; refpon* 
 
 dir,iepotiusoccidi velle,quam fie contra legem facere. At illc nihilominus earn ihi tradidit 
 
 quamuis ambo renuerent , quantum polTent, Itaq; duccntes eos in Ieclum, clamantem pue- 
 
 rum&plorante fuper illampofuerunt,ipfofq;commilceriparitercoegerunt.Deniq;poftmor- 
 
 tem maritorum,vxoresTarcarorum non de facili folenc ad fecunda coniugia tranfire, nifi forte 
 
 quisvelitfororiamautnouercamfuam ducere. Nulla vero differentia eft apud eos inter filiu 
 
 vxoris & concubins/cd dat pater qnod vult vnicuiq; . Itaq; fi funt eciam ex Ducum genere,ita 
 
 fit Dux films concubina;, ficutfiliusvxorislegitiaia;. Vndecum rex Georgia; duos filiosnu- J*** c & ^, 8 " a 
 
 per,vnum fcilicet nomine Melich Iegitimum.alterum vcro Dauid ex aduhei 10 natum haberet, 
 
 morienfq; terra; partem adulters; filio reliquiiTet,Melich,cuietiam ex parte matris regnum ob- 
 
 uenerat, quia per fceminastenebatur,perrexit ad Impera!oremTartarorum,eo quod &Dauid 
 
 iter arripuerat ad ilium. Ambobus igitur ad curiam venientibus, datilq; maximis muneribus, 
 
 petebataddtera;filius,vtfiereteiiu(titiafecundummoremTarcarorum. Dataq; eft fententia 
 
 contra Melich.vtDauidjquimaioreratnatUjfubefler.ac terra a patre fibi conceilam quiete ac 
 
 pacificepofliderer. Cumq; Tartarorum vnus habetvxorummultitudinem, vnaquxq; perfe "*")?^* 
 
 fuam habet familiam & ftationem.Et vna die Tartarus comedit 2c bibit & dermic cum vna.al- 
 
 tera die cum alia. Vna tamen inter cameras maior habetur,cumqua frequentius qua cumalijs 
 
 cominoracur. Ec licet,vc diftum eft,fint multa-j nunquam tamen de facili contendunt inter fe. 
 
 "Defuperttitlofis traditiombus ipforum. Cap.7. 
 
 QVibufdam vero tradicionibus indifterentia quf da r ffe peccata dicunc,quas vel ipfi vel an- ijt^nwrfa, 
 tecelfores eorum confinxerunt.Vnum eft, cultellum in ignem figere,vcl quocunq; modo 
 ignemcuhellocangere, vel eciam de caldaiia cum culccllo carnes extrahere, vel cumiecuri 
 
 D % iuxta 
 
 ^ 
 
4-0 The Englilh Voyages,Nauigations, TheTartars. 
 
 iuxtai^neuiincidere. Credunc enim, quod he auterri debeac capucigni. Ahud elt appodiare 
 feadflagellum, quopercutitur equus: ipfi enim non vtuntur cakaribus. Item flagdlo fagic- 
 tas tangere, iunenes aues capereveloccidere , cumfienocquumpercutere, os cum offe alio 
 frangere. Itemq; lacyvel aliqucm potum autcibum fuper terrain efhindere,in ftatione mingere, 
 QuodlivoIuntariefacit,occidkur, fiautemalkcr, oportet quodpecuniam mukaincantatori 
 loluat, a quo purificetur. Qui etiam faciar, vt ftatio cum omnibus ; qua? in ipla flint, inter duos 
 ignes tranfeac, Antequam lie purificetur, nullusaudetintrare, nccaliquiddeillaesportare. 
 Prsccrea fi alicui moricllus imponitur, quern deglutire non podit & ilium de ore fuo eijeit, fo- 
 ramen fub ftatione fit, per quod extrahitur, ac finevllamileratione occidkur, Iterumii quis 
 
 a^mr calcat fuper limen ftationis Ducis alicuius,interficirur. Multa etiam habent his (imilia,qua:re- 
 
 putmcpcccata. At homines occidere,aliornm terras inuadere,acrcsiIlommdiripeie,& contra 
 Dei prarcepta vel prohibitiones facere,nullum apud eos eft peccatum. Dc vita xterna & dam- 
 nation perpctua nihil fciunt. Credunc tameiijquod poft mortem in alio feculo viuanr, gre- 
 sefque multiplicent.comedant & bibant,8i canera facianr.qua: hie a viuentibus fiunt. In piin- 
 cipiolunationis vel in plenilumo incipuint,quicquid noui agere vo'unc,iplamq; Lunamlmpe- 
 racorem magnum appellanr,eamq; deprecanccs genua fle&unt. Otnncs,quimoranturinfta- 
 
 ludrationisriras tionibus (uis,oportet perignempurificari. Qua? fcilicet purificatio fit hecmodo. Duos qui- 
 dem ignes faciuiu,& duas haftasiuxta cos , vnamq; coi dam in fummitate haftarum ponunt. 
 Ligmiq; fiipcrjcordam illam qualdamde Bucaramo fciliiones, fub qua fcilicet corda & li- 
 gaturis inter illos ignes tranlcunt homines, acbefliasacftationes. Sunt etiam duar mulieres,v- 
 na hinc,& alia indc aquamproijeientes, ac quadam carminarecitantes. Ca?terum fi aliquis a 
 fulgure occiditur, oportet prardidto modo per ignes tranfire omnes illos,qui in i!Iis ftationibus 
 morantur, Statio fiquidem ac leftus & ciirrus,fikra & vefles,& quicquid talium habent,a nul- 
 ,]otanguntur,fedabhominibustanquamimmundarefpiiuntur. Etvt brcuker dicam, omnia 
 
 iqnisRipfinitiofa p llr ifi car i creduht per ignem. Vndequando veniuntadeosnuncij, velPrincipes, autqualef- 
 awiq; perfbna?,oportec ipfos & munera fua per duos ignes, vt purificentur,tranfire,ne forte ve= 
 neficiafecerint,autvenenum feu aliquid mali attulerint. 
 
 T>e initio imperijjtue Trincipatus eorum. Cap . 8 . 
 
 .. 'HT'Erra quidemillaOrientalis.de qua diclum eft fupra, quae Mongal nominatur, nuatuor 
 
 A quondam habuifie populos memoratur. Vnus corum Yeka Mongal,id elf, magni Mon- 
 
 galivocabantur. SecundusSumongal, ideft.aquatici Mongali,quileipiosappellabantTa4> 
 
 taros.a quodam fluuio per eorum terrain currence,qui Tartar nominator. Tertius appellaba- 
 
 turMerkar. QuarcusveroMctrit. Omnesvnamperlonarumformam&vnam linguam ha- 
 
 ch;n"isor:m& bebant hipopuli,quamuis inter fe per Principesacprouincias client diuifi.In terra YekaMon- 
 
 resgeil*. gal quidam fuk.quivocabatutChingis. Ifteccrpic robuftus venator efle: didicitcnim homi- 
 
 nes futari, &prasdamcapere. Ad alias terras ibac, &quofcunquepoterat,captiuabat,(ibiq; 
 afTociabat. Hominesquoqucfusegentisinclinauitadfe, quitanquam Ducem fequebantur 
 jpfum ad male agendum. Ccepitautem pugnarc cum Sumongal,fiue cum Tartaris,& Ducem 
 corum intcrfeck,mu!toq; bello fibi Tartaros omnes f ubiccic, & in feruitutem rcdegir.Poft hec 
 cumiftisomnibiiscontraMcrkatas,iuxtaterrampofitosTartarorumpugr)auit, quos etiam 
 bello fibi fubiecit. Inde proccdens contra Metritas pugna cxcrcuir,& illos etiam obtinuit. Au- 
 
 Nayman!. ^ dicntesNaymani,quodChingis talker clcuatuseflcc,indignatifunr» Ipfi enim habueranclm- 
 peratorem ftrenuum valde,cui dabant tributum cunftg nationes prsedidtar.Qui cum elTet mor- 
 
 fr«ro difcor- tuus,filij eius fucceflerunt loco ipfius. Sed quiaiuuenes ac ftulci craut, populum tenere nefcie* 
 
 djnt«opp:c;ri, bant, fed ad inuicem diuifiacfcilfierant. Vndc Chingipraedi6tomodoiamexaltato,nihilomi- 
 nusinterrasprxdiftasfaciebantinfultum.&habitaores occidebant, ac dhipiebantprardam 
 eorum. Quod audiensChingis,omnesfibifubie6toscongregau t Naymani&Karakytaycx 
 aduerfo fimilker in quandam vallem ftridhm conuenerunt, & commiiTum eft pra:lium 3 in quo 
 Naymani&KarakytayaMongalisdeuicjtifunt. Qui etiam pro maioriparteoccilifuerunt, & 
 alij, qui euadere non potuerunt, in feruitutem redaiti funr.l n terra pisdiclorii Karakytaorum 
 
 o«oday Cham. Occoday Cham, filiusChingifcham,poftquaimperatorfuit pofitos, quandaciuitatem jedifi- 
 cauic,qua Chanyl appellauic Prope quam ad Meridiem eft quodda defmum magnu, in quo 
 
 fti«s' lincSf>lue " pr«certoryluefiresh0mineshabitaredicuntur,quinullatenusloquuntur,neciun6lurasincru- 
 ribushabent,&fiquandocadunt,perfefurgere non valent, Sed tamen difcretionem tantam 
 h3beir,qu6dfiltra delanaCamelomm, quibus veftiuntur, faciunt& contra ventum ponunt. 
 Et fi quando Tartaripergentcs ad cos vulnerant eos fagittis, gramina in vulneribus ponunt, & 
 foituer aniejpfosfugiunt. 
 
 Da 
 
TheTartars. Traffiques ? andDifcouenes. M 
 
 De mutua YiBoria ipforurh <jr Kjthaorum. Cap .9 „ 
 
 & 
 
 etc 
 
 MOngali autem in terrain fuam reuertentes/e contra *Kyibaos ad pra:liumparaueriint,& * "°V^»h 
 cartni moucntes.eorum terrain intrauerunt. Quod audienseorurn Imperacor,venit cum /lu'c^'Z" 
 exercitu fuo contra i!los,&comrr.iiTum eft prelum duru.in quo Mongali fumdeuidlijOmnefq; rm „„ am cd . 
 nobiIeseorum,quierant in exercitu, przter feptem occifi hint. Vnde cumillisvolehcibus ali- tiwynaciadcs. 
 quamimpugnareregione\minaturaliqiiisitragem,adhucrefpondent : Ohm etiam occifmon 
 mfi feptem remanfimus,& tamen modo crtuimus in mulcitudineni magnam,idcoq; non terre- 
 murdetalibus. Chingis autem &alij,qui remanferunrjn terram fu3mfugerunt. Ci:mq;quie- 
 uiffet aliquantulum,pracparauit fc rurfus ad pra:lium,& procefTk contra terrain Huyroi urn. Ifii 
 funthomincs Chrifbani de feftaNeftorianorum, Ethos etiam Mongali deuicerunt, eorurr.q; Noi;: "iftor.'s. 
 literam acceperunt ; prius enim fcripturam non habebanr.,nunc autem eandem Mon»aIonim Liters. 
 literam appellant. Inde contra terram Saruyur,& contra terrain Karanitarum,& coutra^terrarri 
 Hudirat proceffitjquos omncs bellodeuicit.Inde in terram fuam redijt,& aliquantulum quie- 
 uit. Deinde conuocatis omnibus hominibusluis, contra Kythaospariterproccflerunt, diuq; 
 contra illos pugnantcs , niagnam partem terra? illorum viccrunt,eorumq; Imperatorem in ci- 
 uitatem fuam maiorem concluferuat. Quam & tarn longo tempore obfc-dernnr,quod excrci- 
 tus cxpenfse omnino defecerunt. Cumq; iam quod manducarent.penkus ncn habercnt,preci- 
 pit Chin gifcham fuis,vt de dece hominibus vnu ad nianducandum darcnr.IUi vero de ciuicate 
 machinis &fagittisvinlitcr contra iiiospugnabat,& cum deficerentlapideSjargentu & m3xi- Amentum low 
 meliquefaclumproijciebant. Ciuitas fiquide ilia mukiserat diuitijs plena. Cumq;diuMon- Epical™ 
 gali pugnaflent ) & eambello vincere non poflent,vnam magna fub terra viam ab exercitu vfq; '*"" 
 ad mediuciuitatis fecerunt,& profiliemes in mediu eius.contra ciucs pusnauetunt.IJli quoque 
 qui extra remanferant,eodcm modo contra illos pugnabanr. Deniq; concidentes porras ciui- 
 tatis intrauerunt, & imperatorem cum pluiibus occidentes vrbem polfedcrunt.,auruinq; & ar- 
 gentum,& omnes eius diuitias abftulerunr. Et cum illi terre fuos homines prarfeciffcnr.in terra 
 propria:nreuerfifunt,TuncprimdmImperatoreKythaorumdeuiao 3 faifluseitGhinoifcham chingis folutacu* 
 imperator. Quandam tamen parte illiusterraj.quiapofitaerac inmari.nullatenusdeuicerunt : " 1FClacor ' 
 vfq; hodie. Sunt autem Kytai homines pagani,habentesliteram ipecia!em,& etiam vt dicitur Cafa v»™ Ur 
 veteris& nouiTeftamentikripturam. Habent etiam vitas patru&eremitas & domos, in qui- tera&Kl ' s '°- 
 bus oranttemponbus fuis, ad moduraEcclefiarum facias, Quofdam etiam fan<3os habere fe 
 dicunt.&vnumDeumcolunt. ChriftumlEs vm Domhumvenerantur,&crcdunt vkaater- 
 nam.fcd non baptizantur. Scripturam noftram honorant ac reuerentur. Chriftianos dili-'unt 
 & cleemofynas plures faciunt,homines benigni fatis & humani videntur.Barbam lion habent' 
 & in difpolitione faciei cum Mongalis in parte concordanr. Mcliores artifices in mundo non Opifidorcs 
 inucniunturm omnibus operibus, in quibus homines exercentur. lerracorum eft opulema '■■'&• 
 nimis in frumento & vino,auro & ferico ac rebus cseteris, 
 
 De pugna ipforum contra Indiam minorem 
 
 &tnaiorem. Cap. 10, 
 
 CVm autem Mongali cum Imperatore fuo Chicgifcham p6& prffatamviclioriaaliquan. 
 tulum quieuiflcnt, exercitus fuos diuiferunt, Imperator fiquidem vnumdefilijs fuis no- 
 mine Thofut.quem etiam Can.ideftjmperatoreappcllabanr, cum exercitu contra Comanos Thoffot Can,- 
 mifit,quos llle mu.'tobello deuicit,& poftmodum in terram fuam redijc, Alium vero filiu cum Chi " s,sF ' 
 exercitu contra Indosmiht,qui& minorem Indiam fubiccit.HifuncnigriSarraceni, qui/Ethi- »*»»mino« 
 pesfuntvocati. Hicautem exercitusadpuguamcontra Chriftianos^uifuntin Indiamaiori, d ' bd " IB ' 
 prcceflit. Quod audiens Rex iliius terra:,qui vulgo * Presbyter Iohannes appellator contra R<? is ™>i"; t i n . 
 illos vemt exercitucongregato. Et faciens imagines cupreas hominum, vnamquanq; pofuit in m^""S™W 
 fella fuper cquum. Poluit & interius ignem,& homihem cum folle fuper equum pott imaoi- "•'•"?•!■■ M i 
 nem. Iraq; cum mnltis equis & imagin.bus, taliter prseparatis, ad pugnam contra Mongafos BmUV """' ' 
 feuTartaros procefferunt. Et ciim ad locum praelij peruenifTent, equosiftosvnum iuxta alium 
 premiferunr. Viri autem,qui erant retro,nefcio quid fuper ignem, qui erat intra imagincs,po- 
 fuerunt.&cumfollibusfortiterfufflauerunt. Vndefaclurri eft, vtexGrarcoigne homines & 
 equi comburerentur,& etiam aer ex fumodenigraretur, Tiimque fuper Tartarosfagittasiece. 
 runt Indi>x quibus multi vulnerati fuerunt & interfeai. Si cq; eiecerunt illos cum magna con. viflor *' 
 funonc de fuis finibus,nec vnquam,quod ad ipfos vltra redierint audiuimus, 
 
 P 3 Qualiter 
 
De monilrofa 
 mulieribus & ca- 
 nibu* monftrofa 
 nairatio. 
 
 <J"Forfanautem 
 vidcriallc^aiica 
 allufio point ad 
 Canibalesdcqai- 
 bus Pctrus Mar- 
 tyr MedioUn. dc 
 rebus Ocfamcis. 
 
 Burichabcth 
 
 Kg.O. 
 
 Incolarum mores 
 
 Alia Cbingis ex- 
 peditio. 
 
 Ijf Vide an Ham- 
 (cm regionem 
 dicat : dc qua 
 Haychonus 
 cap. i o. 
 
 Troglodyte, 
 
 FabuIofusSolis 
 oiicn;is ionkus. 
 
 q.1 TheEngJifliVoyageSjNauigations., The Tartar ft 
 
 Qualiter ab hominibus caninis repulfi, Buri- 
 
 thabethinos vicerunt. Cap.n, 
 
 CVm autem per defcrta rcdirent, in quandarn terrain vencrunc, inqua, ficut nobis apud 
 Imperacoris curiam per clericos Ruthenos,& alios, qui diu fuerant in ter ipfos,firmiter al- 
 ferendoreferebatur,monliraqua;dam ) imaginemfoemineamhabentia ) repererunt. Quascum 
 per multosinterpretcsinterrogaiTent,vbiviri terra: iliiuseiTenrjrefponderun^qubdin ilia terra 
 quaecunq; famine nafcebatur.habebant forma humanam,mafculi vero ipcciecaninam.Dum- 
 q; moram in terra ilia protraherent,Canes in alia fluuij parte conuenerunt.Et cum eflet hyems 
 afperrifna omnes fein aquamproiecerunt^Poft hxc incontinenti fpontc in puluere volueban- 
 tur,ficq;puluisadmixtusaquefupereoscongelabatur, & vtitapluriesfecerunt , glaciefuper 
 eos depre{faca,cum impetu magno contra Tartaros ad pugnam conuenerunt. Ac verocurn illi 
 fagictas fuper eos iaciebanr, ac fi fupcr lapides fagittafienr, retro fagitta? redibant. Alia quoq; 
 arma eoru in nullo eos Ixdere poterant. Ipfi vero Canes infultum in Tartaros facientes, mor- 
 fibus vulnerauerunc multos,& occiderunt,ficq; illos de fuis finibus ciccerunt. Vndeadhuc in- 
 ter illos eft prouerbiumde hoc facto, quoddicuncadinuicem ridendo : Pater meus vel frater 
 meus a Canibus fuit occifus. Mulicres autcm illoru,quas ceperant.ad terra fua duxerunr,& vfq; 
 ad die mortis eoru ibide fuerunr» Cum aute exercitus ille Mongalorum rediret,venit ad cerram 
 Burithabeth, cuius habitatorespaganifunt,&hos Tartaribello vicerunt, Hiconfuetudinem 
 habentmirabilem,im6potiusmiferabilem. Cumenim alicuius pater humanse naturse foluic 
 debitum, congregant omne parentelam,& comedunt eum.Hi pilos in barba non habent, imo 
 ferrumquoddam in manibus,ficutvidimus,porrant,cum quo femper batbam,fi forte crinis ali. 
 quisineacrefcit,depilanc, Multum etiamdeformesfunt. Inde verb illeTartarorum exercitus 
 in tcrram fuam eflreuerfus. 
 
 Qualiter a montibus Cafpijs, & ab hominibus fub- 
 
 terraneis repulfi -funt. Cap.12. 
 
 /~*»Hlngifcham etia illo tepore,quo dimifit alios exercitus contra Oriente, per terramKergis 
 V^cumexpeditioncperrexit,quostamcn tunc beUonon^icitj&vt nobis dicebatur.ibidevfq; 
 ad montes Cafpios peruenit. At illi montes in ea p arte,ad quarn applicauerunt,de lapide Ada- 
 mantino funt: idebq; fagittas & arma ferrea illoru ad fe traxerun t« Homines aute inter Cafpios 
 montes concluficlamorem exercitus, vt creditur, audientes,montem frangerc ccepcrunt,8c 
 cum alio tempore poll: decern annosredirent Tartari,montem confrac~tum inuenerunr. Cum- 
 q; ad illos accedereattentaflent,minimepotuerunt:quia nubes qu^dam erat pofitaante ipfos, 
 vltra quam ire nullatenus potctant, Omnino quippe vifum amittebanc,ftatim vt ad illam per- 
 ueniebant. Illi autem ex aduerfocredentes,quod Tartariad illos accedereformidarcnt, inful« 
 turn contra eos fecerunt, fed ftatim vtperuenerunt ad nubem propter caufam prxdiftam, 
 procedere non potuerunt, Ac vero antequam ad montes prxdi&os peruenirent Tartari, pluf- 
 quam per menfem per vaftam folitudinem tranfierunt, & indc procedentes adhuc contra Ori- 
 entem,plufquam per menfem per magnum defertumperrexenint.Itaq;peruenerunt ad quan- 
 da m terram,in qua vias qifidem tritas videbant, fed nemincm in uenire poterant. Tandem que- 
 rcntes,vnuhominem cum vxore fua repererunt,quos in prefentiamChingifchamadduxcrunt. 
 Quicuminterrogafletillos,vbi homines illius terra; eflent, refponderunt, quod in terra fub 
 montibus habitarent. Tunc Chingifcham retenta vxore, mific ad eos virum ilium, mandans 
 illis, vtvenirentadipfiusmandatum. Qui pergens ad illos , omnia narrauit , qua; Cbingif. 
 c ham eis mandauit. Illi vero refpondentes dixerunt, quod die tali venirent ad ipfum, vt face- 
 rent eius mandatum. Acipfi medio tempore per vias occultas fub terra fe congtegantes,ad 
 pugnam contra illos venerunt,&fubitb liiper eos irruences, plurimos occiderunr, Solisquo- 
 quelonitus inortu fuoluftinerc non poterant, imo tempore, quooriebatur, oportebateos 
 vnam aurem ad terram ponere, & fuperiorem fortiter obturare, ne fonura ilium terribilem au- 
 ditent. Nee fie tamencauere poterant, quin hacdecaufa plurimi exeisinterirent, Videns 
 ergo Chingifcham &fm, quod nihil proficerenc, fed potius homines fuosperderent, fuge- 
 runt, ac terra ilia exierunt. Ilium tamen virum cum vxore fua fecumdeduxerunt, quietiam 
 vfque ad mortem in terra eorum fuerunt. Interrogati verb, cut in regione fua fubterra fo- 
 leant habitare, dixerunt, quod ibi quodam tempore anni, cum oritur Sol, tantusfit fonirus, vc 
 homines nulla rationevaleantfuflinere. Quinetiamtunc in organis & tympanis cancrifque 
 muficis inftrumentispetcutere folent,vc fonitum ilium non audiant. 
 
 De 
 
TheT'artars. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. ±2 
 
 Deftatutis Chingifcham, er, morceipfius, etfilijs 
 ac Ducibus. Cap.13. 
 
 CVm autem de terra illareuertcreturChingiicham 3 defccerunteisvifluaIia 3 famcmq;pa- 
 tiebanturmaximam. Tunc interiora vnius beftia: recentia cafu inuenerunt ■ cua? acci- 
 pientes,depofitistantumflercoribus,decoxerunt, & coram Chingifcham deportata pariter 
 comedCTuncJdeoq;ftatuic Chingifcham, vtnccfanguis, nee interiora, nee aliquid de beftia, chin E islcit - 
 qua: manducari potelr , proijciatur,exceptis ftcrcoribus, Inde ergo in terrain propriam rcuer- 
 fus eft, ibiq; leges & ftatuta cdidit, qua; Tartari in jiolabiliter obferuant.de quibus fcilicet lam 
 alias fuperiiis didtumeft, Pofthocabidtu tonicrui occifus eft. Habuic autem quatuor filios: tmRaOi 
 Occodayvocabaturprimus, ThoiTutCanfecundus, Thiadaytertiui, quartinomenionora- ' "''. . 
 mus. Ab his itij. defcenderunt omnes Duces Mongalorum , Primus filiorum Occoday eft 
 Cuyne.qui nunc eft Imperator. Huius fratresCoclen&Chyrenen. Ex filijs autem Thoifut 
 Can func Bathy, Ordu, Siba, Bbra. Bathy poll Imperatorem omnibus ditior eft ac potenrior* 
 Ordu vero omnium Ducum feaior. Filij Thiaday, funt Hutin & Cadan.Filij autem alcerius fi- 
 lij Chingifcham, cuius ignoramus nomen, funt, Mengu & Bithat & ahj plures. Huius Mengu 
 mater Serodtan eft, Domina magna inter Tartaros , excepta Imperatoris matre plus nomina- 
 ta, omnibusq;potentior,exceptoBathy.H2cautem funt nomina Ducum: Ordu, qui fuitin Duces, 
 Polonia,& Hungaria, Bathy quoq;&Huryn& Cadan&Syban&Ouygat, qui omnesfue- 
 runtinHungaria, Sed&Cyrpadan, qui adhuc eft vltra mare contra quofdam Soldanos Sar- 
 raccnorum J & alios habkatoresterraetransmarinse, Alij veroremanferunt in terra,fcilicet Men. 
 gu, Chyrenen, Hubilai,Sinocur, Cara, Gay,Sybedcy, Bora, Berca 3 Correnfa. Alij quoqj Du- 
 ces eorum plures funt, quorum noinina nobis ignotaiunt. 
 
 Depoteflate Imperatoris (? Ducum elus. Cap .14. 
 
 POrroImperatoreorum, fcilicet Tartarorum,fuper omnes habetmirabile dominium, Nul- imptatofistiS. 
 lus enimaudet in aliqua morari parte , nifi vbi aflignaucrit ipfe. Etipfequidema(Ti»nat «»«™>ferai*M 
 u;ibus vbi maneant. Duces autem Ioca Millenanjs aiiignant,Millenarij vero Centenanjs,8i 
 Centenanj Dccanis. Quicquid autem eispraxipitur, quocunq; tempore, quocunq; loco, fl- 
 ue ad bellum,fiue admortern',velvbicunque,finevllaobediunccontradictione. Nam etfipe- 
 titalicuiusfiliamvirginem, vel fororem, moxeifinecontradidtione exponunt earn, imo fre- 
 quenter colligitvirgines ex omnibus TartarorumfinibuSj&fivultaliquas retinere, fibireti- 
 net, alias vero dat fuis hominibus. Nuncios ctiam qiiofcunq; & vbicunq; tranfmittat , oportet 
 quod dent ei fine mora equos&expenfas. Similiter vndecunque veniant eitributavelnun- 
 cij,oportetequos&currus&expenfastribui. Ac verb nuncij, qui aliunde veniunt, in magna into**** «. 
 miferia,8cviilus&veflituspcnuriafunt. Maximeq; quando veniunt ad Principes, &ibide- gaLesa,os " 
 bent moram contrahere.Tunc adeo parum datur decern hominibus,qu6d vix inde poiTent duo 
 viuere, Infuper&fialiqu2ilIisiniuria:fiuiit,minimeconqueri facile polTunt. Multa quoque 
 muneratamaprincipibusquamacseterisabillispetuncur: qua: finon dederint,vilipendun- 
 tur , & quafi pro nihilo reputantur, Hinc & nos magnam partem rerum,quar nobis pto expen- 
 fisafidelibuserantdatar, denecellitateoportuitinmuneribusdare.Deriique fie omnia funt in 
 manu Imperatoris , quod nemo audet dicerc s Hoc meum eft vel illius, fed omnia, fcilicet res 
 & iumenta ac homines, funt ipfius. Super hoc etiam nuper emanauit ftatutum eiufdem.Idem 
 quoq; per omnia dominium habent Duces fupcr flbi fubditos homines* 
 
 De ele&ione Imperatoris Occoday, & legatione 
 
 Ducts Bathy. Cap.ij. 
 
 MOrtuo,vtfupradi(ftumeft,CyngifcIiam,conueneruritDuces,&elegeruntOccoday,fi- occtAyfiirrog*.- 
 liumeius Imperatorem, Qm habito confilio Principum.diuifir exercitus. Mifitq; Bathy, ,ur P a,ri - 
 qui in f ecundo gradu attingebat eum, contra terram Altiflodan & contra terram Bifminorum, jwcfiicT *' 
 quiSarraceni erant, fed loquebantur Comanicum.Qui terramillorum ingreiTus,cUm eis pug- 
 nauit ,eofq; fibi bello fubiecit. Qugdam autem ciuitas , nomine Barchio, diu reftitit eis, Ciues Barchin eiuitat, 
 cnimincircuituciuitatisfoueasmultasfecerant, propter quas non potcrantaTartariscapi, 
 donee illas repleuiffenr. Ciues autem vrbisSarguithocaudientes,exicruiitobuiameis,fponta sarguit duitw 
 in manuseorumfetradentes, Vnde ciuitas eorum deitructa non fuir, fed plures eorum occi- 
 derunt, & alios tranftulerunt, acceptifq; fpolijs , vrbem alijs hominibus repleuerunt, & contra 
 ciuitatemOrnaperrexcrunt, Hiceracnimiumpopulofa & diuitij's copiofa . Erant enim ibi o.-n«w»Ht 
 
 plures 
 
f VMe MJehd- 
 
 MorJnani. 
 Bulgaria magna. 
 Hungar.a magna, 
 
 Paroflitf. 
 
 Samagete. 
 
 MonHra aquilo- 
 natia. 
 
 4.4. The Engliili Voyages,Nauigations, T*/>c? 'Tartars ; 
 
 plures Chnltiani, Videlicet Galai i & Kutheni, & Alafii, & alij nee non & Sarraccni.Eratq; Sar- 
 racenorum ciuitatis dominium, Eft etiam pofirafuper quendam magnum fluuium,& elt qua- 
 fipoitus,habens forum maximum , Cumq; Tartari nonpofienteosa'itervincere, fluuiuni, 
 qui per vrbcm currcbat,pr;ecideiunt, & illam cum rebus &hominibus fubmerferunt, Quo fa- 
 do, contra Ru(nampcrrexerunt,& magnam ftragem in cafecerunt, ciuirates&caftra deftru- 
 xerunt j & homines occiderunt, Kiouiam, Ruflia?metropolin,diuobfcderunt, & tandem 
 ccperunt,ac dues interfecerunt.Vndequando per illam terramibamus,innumerabilia capi- 
 ta & offa hominum monuorum , iacentia fupcr campum,inuenicbamus.Fuerat enim vrbs val- 
 de magna &populofa, nunc quafiadnihilumeftreda&a: vixenimdomusibi rcmanferunc 
 duccnte;,quarum etiam habitatores tenentur in maxima feruitute. PorrddeRuflia& de Co- 
 mania Tartan contra Hungaros & Polonos proceflerunt, ibiq;pluresex ipfis interfecli fue- 
 runt, & v t iam fuperius didum eft , fi Hungari virilitcr reftitiflent, Tartari ab eis confufi receC 
 fiffent. IndereuertentesinterramMorduanorum , qui funt Pagani, venerunt, eofq; bello vi- 
 ccrunt, Inde contra ByIeros,id eft, contra Bulgaiiam magnam profec~ti funt, & ipfamomnino 
 deftruxerunt, Hinc ad Aquilonem adhuc contra Baftarcos,id eft Hungariam magnam procef- 
 ferunc, & illos etiam deuicerunr. Hinc amplius ad Aquilonem pergentes , ad Paroflitas vene- 
 runt s quipaiuoshabcntesftomachos &osparuum,nonmanducant, led carnes decoquunt, 
 quibus decodis, fe fupcr ollam ponunt, & fumum recipiunt,& de hoc folo reficiuntnr, vel fi a- 
 liquidmanducant, hoc valde modicum eft. Hinc & ad Samogetas venerunc, qui tantum de 
 venationibusviuunt, & tabernacula veftcfq; tantum habencdcpellibusbcftiarum. Inde ad 
 quandam terrain fuperOceanumpcruenerunt.vbi monftra qusedam inuenerunt, qua* per 
 omnia formam humanam habebant, fed pedes bouinos, & caput quidem humanum.fed faci- 
 em vt canis. Duo verba loquebantur vt homines, tertio latrabant vt canes. Hinc redierunt in 
 Comaniam,& vfq; nunc ibi morantur exeisquidam* 
 
 f De his regtonibm Herberfteinitispag. S.b & 9 /.b.Paret enim hodie vtrttq; Mofchorum 
 
 Tr inapt. Item de 'Bulgaria Guagmnttspag,i a6,b. 
 
 Exrtditio Cyr. 
 podanis. 
 
 Cyclopedct. 
 
 Armenia & Ge- 
 orgia lubafia. 
 
 SoldanusHali- 
 
 t 
 CalfphaBalda- 
 ctnfc. 
 
 De legatione Cyrpodan Vucis. Cap. 1 6. 
 
 EO tempore mifit Occoday Can Cyrpodan Ducem cum exercitu ad meiidiem contra Ker- 
 gis,qui & illos bello fuperauit. Hi homines funt Pagani, qui pilos in barba non babenr. 
 Quorum c onfuetudo talis eft, vt ciim alicuius pater moritur, pra: dolore quail v nam corrigiam 
 in fignumlamentiabaure vfq; auremde facie fualeuet. Hisautemdeuidis, Dux Cyrpodan 
 contra Armeniosiuit ad meridiem cum iuis , Quicumtranfirentperdeferca qu3sdam 3 mon- 
 ftia inuenerunt, effigiem humanam habentia, qui non nifivnumbrachium cum manu in me- 
 dio pectoris, & vnum pedem habebant, & duo cum vno arcu fagittabant , adeoq; fortiter cur- 
 rebant, quod equi eos inueftigare non poterant, Currebant aucem fuper vnum pedem illam 
 faltando,& cum eflent fatigati , talker eundo ibant fupermanum & pedem, fe tanquam in cir- 
 culoreuoluendo. Cumq; fie etiam feffi eflent,iterumfecundum priorem modum currebant, 
 Hos Ifidorus Cyclopedes appellat. Et ex eis Tartari nonnullos occiderunt, Et ficut nobis a 
 Ruthenis Cleticis in curia dicebatur, qui morantur cum Imperatore prsdido.plures ex eis nun- 
 cij venerunt in legatione ad curiam Imperatoris , fuperius annotati, vt poffent habere pacem 
 cum illo* Inde procedentes venerunt in Armeniam, quam bello deuicenint,& etiam Georgia; 
 partem^ Alia veropars venitadmandatumeorum,&fingulisannis dederunt,& adhucdant 
 eiprotributoxx.millia Yperperarum, Hinc ad terramSoldani Deurum, potentis&magni, 
 proceflerunt, cum quo etiam pugnantes, ipfum deuicerunt, Denique proceflerunt vltcrius de- 
 bellando acvincendovfque ad terrain SoIdaniHalapia:,& nunc etiam tcrramobtinent, alias 
 quoque terras vltra Jllas proponentes impugnare: nee poftca reuerfi funr in terram fuam vfq; 
 hodie. Idemq; exercitus contra terrain Caliphi Baldach perrexit, quam etiam fibi fubdidit,& 
 vt CCCC. Byzantios,exceptis Baldekinis csecerifq; munenbus, ei quotidic pro ttibuto darct, 
 obtinuit, Sed& quolibet anno mittunt nuncios ad Caliphum,vt ad eos veniat. Qui cum tri- 
 buto munera magna trasmittens,vteumfupportent,rogat, Ipfe autetn ImperacorTartaro- 
 rum munera quidem accipit, &nihiIominus vt veniat, pro eo mittit, 
 
 Qualiter Tartari fehabent in prodijs. Cap. 17. 
 
 A^VRdinauitChingifchamTartarosperDecanos&centenarios&millenarios.Decemquo- 
 
 T»f rarorom mili- _ 
 
 tub dUcipiina. \^r que millenarijs pra:ponunt vnum, cundoq; nihilominus exerckui duos aut tres Duces, 
 Ita tamen vt ad vnum habeant refpedum . Cumq; in bello contra aliquos oongrediuntur, nifi 
 
 communi- 
 
I ■ -— ■ ■ ' — ■ ■ - - I — ■■-,.- I _■-- .^ 
 
 TbeTartars. Traftiques,andDilcouenes. 4.5 
 
 communitercedant,omncsquirugiunt, bccidmicuv, a h vnusauc duo, vcl piures ex decern 
 auda&er acccdunt ad pjgnam, alijvcrdcxilloDcnariononfcquuntur, fimilkcr occiduntur. 
 Sed etiam li vnus ex decern vcl plurc4capiuncur,locij eorum finoneos liberanr, ipfi ctiam oc- 
 ciduntur. Porro anna debent habere caiia.Duos arcus vel vnum bonuui ad minus. Trelq; ph. a- Armiturj, 
 retras fagitds plenas,& vnam fecurim & funes ad maehinas tiahendas. Dimtcs auccm haoent 
 gIadiosinfnieacucos,ex vna parte tantiim incidences, &aliquantultimcuruof, Habent & e- 
 quos armacos,crura eciam reifta, galcas & loricas.Verum loncas & equorum cooperturas qui- 
 damhabentde corio, fuper corpus artifkiofc duplicatovelctiamtriplicato. Galea vero fupc- 
 lius eft de chalybe, vel de ferro : led illud, quod in circuicu protegit collum & gulan),ett de co- 
 rio. Quidam autem de ferro habent omnia fupradifta, mhuncmodumfoimata. Laminas 
 multastenuesadvniusdigiti latitudinem &palm£iongitudinefaciunt,& in qualibetofto fo- 
 ramina paruula facientes, interius tres corrigias flridias & fortes ponunt. Sicq; laminas, vnam 
 alij quafi per gradusafcendendo,fuppbnunt, Itaq; laminas ad corrigias, tenuibus corrigio- 
 lis per foramina pra;di6ta i.mmiiris,liganc , & in fuperiori parte corrigiolam vnam ex vtraque 
 parte duplicatam cum alia corrigiola confuunt, vt lamina? fimul bene firmiterq; cohzreant. 
 Hsc faciun t tam ad cooperturas equorum , quam ad armaturas hominum, Adeoq- ficiunt ilia 
 lucere,quodineispote(thomofaciemfuam viderc. Aliqui vcroin collofcrri lancet vncum 
 habent, cum quo defdla,fipoflunt,hominem detrahant, Sagittarum eorum ferramenta fjnc 
 acutifftma, ex vtraque parte quafi gladius biceps incidcntia,(emperq; mxtapharctrampoitant 
 ltmasad acuendumfagittas. Habent vero fcuta deviminibus, autde virgulis facia, Sed non 
 credimus,quod ea i'olcant portare, uifi ad caftra & ad cuftodiam Imperatoris ac pnncipum, & 
 hoctuntiim denodte.In bellisaftutiflimiiuntiquia perannos xlij.cumcarterisgentibusdirni- Vks beflprum. 
 carunt. Cum autem ad fluminaperuenerunr, maiorcs habent rotundum ac leue coriurn, in Mostrananci 
 cuius fummitatepercircuitumanfascrcbrasfacienteSjfunemimponuntac ttringuntjita quod umlna " „ 
 in circuitu quafi ventrem efriciunt , quern vcftibus ac rebus ceteris replent, fortiffimeq; ad in- 
 uicem comprimu'it. In medio autem ponunt lellas & alias res duriores : ibi quoque fedent ho- ' 
 mines. Huiufmodi nauim ad equi caudam ligant, & hominem,qui cquum regat,pariter nara- 
 refaciunt, vel habent ajiquando duos renios, cum quibusremigaqr. Equo igicutin aquam 
 impulfojomnes alij equi (equuntur ilium, & fie tranfeunt fluuium . Pauperior autem quilibec 
 vnam burfam vel faccumdecorio bene conftitumhabet, in quo res fuasomnes imponit, & ia 
 futnmitate fortiter ligatum, ad equi caudam fufpendit, ficq; modo predi6ta tranfit, 
 
 Qualiier reftjlendumft eis. Cap . 1 8 . 
 
 NVllam a?ftimo prouinciam effe, qux per fe polTit eis refiftere : quia de omni terra pote* 
 ftatis fu£ folcnt homines ad bellumcongregare . Etfiquidemvicinaprouincianon vulc 
 eis opemferre, quam impugnant,delentesillam, cumhominibus,quos ex ilia capiunt, contra 
 aliam pugnant.Et illos quidem in acieprimosponunt,&fi male pugnant,ipfosoccidunt. Itaq; fuuifagji 
 fiChnftiani eis refiltere volu.it, oportet quod Principes ac redvtotes terrarum invnumconue- heUoebmriT** 
 niant, ac de communi confilio eis refiftant.Habeantq; pugnatoves arcus fortes & baliftas,quas ""'S ''" • 
 multumtiment,fagittajq; fufficientes,dolabriim quoq; de bono ferro, vel fecurim cum ma- 
 nubriolongo. Ferramenta vero fagittarum more 7 artarorum,quandofuntcalida,temperare Fenritcmp«*» 
 debentin aqua, cumfalemixta,vtfortiafintadpenetrandumil!orum arma. Gladiosctiam mtntum - 
 & lanceas cum vncis habeant, qui volunt, ad detrahendii illos de (ella,de quaf 3ciliime cadunr, 
 Habeant & galeas Si arma cetera , ad protcgendum corpus & equum ab armis & fagittis eo- 
 rum, &fi qui nonitafunt armati, debent more illorumpoft alios ire , & contra ipfos arcubus 
 velbaliftistraijcerc., Etficucdiifcum eft fuptadeTartaris, debent acies fuasordinare, ac legem 
 pugnantibusimponere, Quicunq; conuerfus fuerit ad prsedamanteviftoriam ,maximam de- 
 bet pcenam fubir e : talis enim apud illos occiditur abfq; miferatione. Locus ad pradium, fi fie- 
 ri poteft , eligendus eft planus, vt vndiq; pofiint videre.nec omnes debent in vnum conuenire, 
 fed acies multas & diuifas, nee tamen nimis dittanies ab inuicem, facere. Contra illos, qui pri- 
 m6 veniunt,d:bent vnam aciem mittere, & alia parata fie ad iuuandum illam opportuno tem- 
 pore, Habeant & fpeculatores ex omni parte, qui videant, quando veniunt acies cgterx. Nam 
 ideo femper debent aciem contra aciem, vt ei occurrant,mittere, quoniam illi femper hi tuntur 
 aduerfarios in medio concludere, E-loc autetn acies caueanc, ne fi etiam illi fugere vidcaiuur, 
 diu pott illos currant,ne forte, ficutfac "re folent, ipfos adparatasinfidiastrahant:quia plus 
 fraudulentia quam fortitudinepugnant. Et iterum ne fatigentui equi eorum : quia noftri mul- 
 titudinem ndn habent equorum. Tartari vero quos equitant die viia, non afcendunt tribus di- 
 ebus, vcl. quatuorpoftea,Pi£eiereaficeduntTartari,non ideo debent noftri reccdere,ve!ab in- 
 uicem 
 
 
\6 The Englifh Voyagcs,Nauigations, TheTartars. 
 
 uicem feparari: quoniam hoc limulando taciunt, vc excrcicusdiuidatur , & he ad cenxdeUru- 
 cYionemlibereingrediantur. Csccium Duces noltridienoftuquefacerc debentexercitum 
 cuftodiri: nee iacere fpoliaci,fed temper ad pugnam parati:quia Tattati quafi Da:mones Tem- 
 per vigilant,excogitantes artem nocendi.Potro fi aliqui Tartarorum in bcllo dc fuis equis pro- 
 ijciuntur,ftatiincapicndi fun:, quia quandofunt in terra fortiter fsgictaut, & equos hominef- 
 q; vulnerant, 
 
 De itinere Fratris Iohannis de Piano carpini vfque ad 
 prim<tmcuftodiamTartarorujn t Cap ip. 
 
 NOsigitur exmandacofedis Apoftolicaecumiremus ad Oricntisnationes,elegimuspri- 
 usad rartaros proncifci:quiatimebamus,nc per illos in proximo Ecdefia? Dei pencu- 
 Ium immineret.Itaq; pergetes,adregcm Bocmoru peruenimus: qui cum eflet nobis familiaris, 
 confuluit, vtper Poloniam & Rulham iter agcremus , Habebat enim conlanguincos in Polo- 
 nia, quorum auxilioRufliamincrarepofiemus. Datifq; literis & bono conduclu, fecit & ex- 
 penfas nobis dari per curias &ciuitateseius,quovlqucadDucem Slcfia: Bolezlaum, ncpo- 
 tem eius, venircmus, qui etiam erat nobis familiaris & notus, Hinc & ipfe nobis fimiliter fecir, 
 donee veniremusadCcnradum,Ducern*Lautifcia?,adqi!em tunc, Deigratia nobisfauente, 
 veneratDominus Wahlico, DuxRuflia?, a quoetiainpleniusdefaclo audiuimus Tartaro- 
 rum: quia nuncios illucmilerat, quiiamredierantadipfum, Audito autem , quod oportcrec 
 nos illis munera dare , quafdam pelles caltorum & aliorum animalium fecimus emi,de hoc, 
 quod datum nobis fueratin eleemofy nam ad fubfidiu via?. Quod agnolcentes Dux Conradus 
 &: * Ducifla Cracouise, & Epifcopus & quidam mi!ites,piures etiam nobis dederunt huiufmo- 
 di pelles. Denique DuxVVafilicoaDuceCracouia',&Epifeopo2tqucBaronibuspronobis 
 attcnte rogatus, tecum nos in terrain luam duxir, & vt aliquantulum quiefceremus, aliquot c!i- 
 ebus nos in expentis fuis dctinuit, Et cum roga'us a nobis, feciflet Epifeopos fuos venire, legi- 
 museisliteras Domini Papa:,moncntiseos,adfan£ta:matrisEcclcfig vnitatem rcdire.Ad idem 
 quoque nosipfimonuimuseos,8tinduximus, quantum potuimus,tamDucern quam Epifco- 
 pos&alios.Sed quiaDuxDaniel,frater Wafiliconisprauh&i.prscleusnon erat, quoniam ad 
 Batyprofctluserat, nonpotuerunteo tempore finaliterrefpondere, Poftha?cDux Wafilico 
 tranlmifitnosvfqucinKiouiammetropolinRuffiSjCumferuicntc vno, Ibamus tamer, in pe- 
 liculo capitis fcmperpropterLituanos,qui faepe faciebant infultum fuper terramRu(Tiar,&in 
 illis maximelocis, per quosdebebamustranfire. Atperpra?di£tumferuientcni cramus fecuri 
 a Ruthcnis,quorum etiam maxima pars occifa vel captiuata erat aTartaris.Pono in Danilonc 
 vfqueadmorcerntuncinfirrnatifuimus. Nihilominustameninvehiculoper niuem & frigus 
 magnum trahi nos fecimus, Cum ergo Kiouiam peruenimus, habuimus de via noftraconfili- 
 um cum inillenario ac ceteris ibidem nobilibus.Qui refpondcrunt nobis, quod fi duceremus 
 equos illos, quos tunc habebamus , ad Tarcaros,cum eiTent magna? niues, morerentur omnes: 
 quia nefcirentherbam fodere fub nine, ficut equi faciunt Tartarorum , nee inueniti pofict ali* 
 quod proeis ad manducandum, cum Tatrari nee ftramina nee fcenum habcant, nee pabulum, 
 Itaquedecreuimuseosillicdimitterecumduobuspueris, deputatis eorum cuitodise. Ideoq; 
 nos oportuit millcnario dare munera, vt ipfum habcremus propitium, ad dandum nobis equos 
 fubduflitios & conduc-tum , Secundo igitur die port feflum Purification^ cepto itinere, veni- 
 musadvillamCanous,qugfubTartariserat immediate. Cuius praefeilus nobis dedit equos 
 & conduclum vfqueadaliam, in qua rcperimus prarfedium Micheam, omni malitia plenum. 
 Qui tamen accsptis a nobis muneribus fecundum velle iuum,duxit nos vfq; ad piimam cufto- 
 diam Tartarorum. 
 
 Ititierariumlo- 
 ann.&fbciorum 
 legatorum. 
 
 Eoleflaus Dux 
 
 SileGs. 
 
 * GrimitUud.vp 
 
 Mtilll.uius'ilb.1. 
 
 Uf.9. 
 
 LitercPapjad 
 Kudus, 
 
 Danicl.frater 
 Baliliji 
 
 Liiiuni. 
 
 Pabulum equo. 
 rum Tartaric, 
 
 Miclitaj*^ 
 
 
 Qualiter primo cum focijs fuis receptus eft a Tar- 
 tar/*. Cap.20, 
 
 i Vm ergo in prima fexta feria poft diem cinerum, Sole ad occafum tendentc , hofpitarc- 
 
 >mur,Tartari fuper nos armatihorribiliterirruerunt, qtmentes cumfmodi homines eflc- 
 
 mus:cumq; refpondiflemus,qu6d Domini Papa: nuncij eflimus,quibufdam cibarijs a nobis ac- 
 
 ccptis,continuo difceflerunt, Porro mane fa6to,cum furgentes aliquantulum proceiTiffcmus, 
 
 maiores iIlorum,qui erant in cuftodia,nobis occurrerunt,interrogantes,cur ad eos venircmus? 
 
 P T Ch,i Kn ' & quid negotii haberemus ? Qujbus rcfpondimus,Domini Papre nuncij fumus ,qui Chriftia- 
 
 Jmnu P s!' Cr '" norum pater eft acDominus, Hicnosidcircotamad Regem qudm ad Principes, omnefq; 
 
 Tartaros,mittit,quia placet ei, quod omnes ChriftianiTaicaroru fine amici,&pacemhabeanc 
 
 cum 
 
The Tartars, TrafRques,andDiicouenes. 4.7 
 
 cum ipfis.Deliderat infuper,vcapud Dcum in ccelo lint magnr, & idcirco inonct cos tain per if K«K»nism»n. 
 
 nosquimpcrli:crasfua , i,vi;efficunturChn(iiani > ridemq;iecipiantDominino(itri Iel'u Chri- 
 
 fti,quia non poflunt aliter faluari. Mandat pmerea,quod miratur de tanca occifione hominu, 
 
 & maxime L'hriftianorum, acpotiflimeHungarorum, Moncanorum,& PoIoDorum, qui Tunc 
 
 ei iubie&i/acta per rartaros,cuminnullolefiirent,autla"dere attencalfent eos. EtquiaDomi- 
 
 nus Dcus grauitcr eft (uper hoc orr~enfus,monec eos, vt a talibus de canero caueant,& de com- 
 
 ru.ffis pcenitentiam aganr. Super his etiam rogar, vt ci refcribant, quid facere velinr de ca?te- 
 
 tero.&quifiteorumintentio.QiiibusauditiSj&intelledhsjdixeiuncTartari, fe velle equos 
 
 nobis Uibdu6ti:ios vfq; ad Correnfam&ducatumprsbere. Statimqununera petierunt, & a Correnil - 
 
 nobis acceperunt. Equisigituracceptis,dequibusdefcendcrancipii 3 cum eorum ducatuad 
 
 Correnfamarripiiimusitereundi.Ipficamenvelocicerequitant.es, nuncium vnum prxmife- 
 
 runc ad prarfacum Ducem cum his verbis,qug dixeramus eifdem. Eft aucem Dux iftc Dominus Duxiimitis ocd- 
 
 omnium , qui pofui funt in cuftodia contra omnes Occidentis populos, ne forte fubico & im- 
 
 prouifoirruant aliqui fuper illos, Et ifte dicitur habere fexaginta milliahomiuum armatorum 
 
 fubfe. 
 
 Qualiter receptifunt apud Qorrenfam. Cap.21. 
 
 CVm ergo perueniflcmus ad eius curiam, fecit nobis Ionge a fe poni ftationeirij & mifitad Mos&hmndi 
 nos procuratores iuos, vt quxrerent a nobis 4 cum quo ei velicmu t inclinare,id eft,qua: ci J££ KOi F a ' 
 munera iadinando vellemus cffcrre.Quibus refpondimus,qu6d Dominus Papa non mittebac 
 aliquamunera ;quia non eracccrtus, quod adillospcruenire poflemus, &infuper veneramus 
 per loca valde periculofa.Veruncamenin quantum de his, qusehabebamus ex gratia Dei & 
 Domini Papa: ad viclum nofttum,ficut poterimus,honorabimusipfum,Acceptifq; muneribus 
 duxerunc nos ad ordamfiue tentorium ipfius, geinftrufti fuimus,vt ante oftimniiacionis cer 
 cum iiniftro genu inclinaremus,Sicaucremusattente,nepedem fuper lime oftijponeremus.Ec 
 poltquamintrauimiis,oportuic nos coram Duceorunibulq; maionbus,qui ad hoc crane voca- 
 ti,dicere flexis genibus ea,quas dixeramus fuperius.Liceras etiam Dom.Pape; obtulimus:fed in- 
 rerpres,quemdeKyouia,datopretio,duxeramus,noneratfum^iensadincerprctandu,nec ali- 
 quis alius habebatur idoueus. Hinc equi nobis daci iunr,& tres Tarcari, qui nos ducerent fefti- 
 nanter ad ducem Bathy.lpfe eft apud eos porentior excepto Imperacore,cui tenentur pre; cun- Eathy <arque 
 dis principibusobedire.haqjiteianipuimusfecundafcna poll prima dominicam || xl.& equi- n < Sra ge fi n , aE , 
 tando,quantum equi trotarepoterant } quoniamhabcbamus equos recentes fereterautqua- 
 reromnidie,properabamus de mane vfq; ad noc~tecn,imo etiam de node fxpiffime.ncc tamen 
 ante quartam feriam maioris hebdomads potuimus ad ipfum peruenire, Ibamus aucem per ComaB '*» 
 terram Comanorum, qua; tota eft plana, & flumina quatuor habet magna.Primum appellatuf 
 -* Neper,iuxca quod ex parte Ruflice ambuiabat Correnza & Montij, qui maior eft illoex alte- *vntritiulii 
 ra parte per campeftria»Secundumappellatur*Don,fuper quod ambulac quidam Princeps, i'^*™' - 
 habens in coniugio fororemBaty,quivocaturTirbon.Tertiumdicicur*Vo!ga,quod eft mag- *7?**- " 
 num valde, fuper quod inceditBathy.Quartumnominatur*Iaec, fuper quod duo millenarij * 7 & n "" K ' 
 vaduntjVnus ex parte fluminis vna,& altet ex altcra.Hi omnes in hyeme ad mare ckfeendunt, 
 & inxftate fuper ripam eorundem fluminum ad montes afcendunr. Hoc eft mare magnum.de Pontuj Euxinus. 
 quobrachiiimfancT;iGcorgijexit,quodinCenftantinopolinvadit. Hsec autem flumina func 
 pifcibus valde p!ena,maxime Volga,intrancq; mare Grecia;,quod dicitur Magnum mare.Su- Voigjnoniri- 
 per Nepre autem multis diebus humus per glaciem. Super littora quoq; maris Gratia? fatis pe- "*• 
 riculose per g!ac iem iuimus in pluribus locis multis diebus.Congelantur enim circa littora vn- 
 dasad tres leucasinferius.Prius autem quam ad Bathyperueniremus, duo ex nofiris Tartaris 
 prxecflerunt , ad indicandum ei omnia verba,qua: apud Correnfam dixeramus. 
 
 Qualiter recepti funt apud Bathy magnum 
 
 Trincifem. Cap.22. 
 
 POrro cum in finibus terra Comanorum ad Bathy pcrueniremus, bene pofiti fuimus per v- 
 namleucamaftationibusciusi Cumq; duci debuimus ad curiam ipfius, didtumfuit nobis, cownonia 
 quod inter duos ignes cranfire deberemus . Nos autem hoc nulla ratione facere voleba- p«doos ignrf 
 mus. Ac illi dixerunt nobis : Ice iccure, quia pro nulla caufa volumus hoc facere, nifi tr " Dlcundl - 
 tantum,vcfivosa!iquid malum cogicatis Domino noftro, vclporcatis venenum, ignis auferac 
 omne malum. Quibusrefpondimusrquod propter hoc 3 nedecalirefufpe<a:osredde : remus nos, 
 tranfiremus.Cum igituradOrdam perucniffemus,interrogatiapocuracore ipfius Eldegay,cum Eldega5 i 
 quo inclinare vellemus ? idem quod prius apud Correnfam relpondimus, datifq; munenbus & 
 
 acceptis, 
 
4-8 1 he Engliili Voyages, Nauigations, The Tartars* 
 
 E3'hy audit le- 
 gato,. 
 
 Geiitfertgifki. 
 
 Authoricas, 
 
 legati iutif ntur 
 ad Ci.ync lmj>e- 
 tat.pogcrt. 
 
 accept is., audiciscuainitinens epulis, liuroduxeiunc nos inftaiionem Principis., pnusfafta 
 inclinatione, & audita de limine noncalcando,ficutpriLS,admonkione. Ingreffi autem fiVxis 
 genibus, verba noftrapropoluimus,deinde licerasobtulimus, & vt nobis darentur interpret 
 tes ad tr^nsferendum eas, rogauimus. Qui etiam in die Para.'c eue dati fucrunt nobis , & eas in 
 liieraRuthenica^Sarraceruca & inTartancadiligentercumipfistranftulimus. Ha;c interprc- 
 tatio Bathy prxfentata fuic : quam & legic, &: atteme notauit. Tandem ad noftram ftationt m 
 rcduftifmmus, i'ednu'lacibaria nobis dederunt,mfi femel aliquamulum millijmvnalcutcl- 
 la, fcilicetinptimanoftcquandovenimus.IfteBathyrriagnificefegcrit, habens oftiarios & 
 omnesofficialesadmodum Imperatoris, & iedct ineminenti loco velucinihrono cum vna 
 dcvxotibusiuis. Alijvcro tarn fratresfui& fill j , quamalijmaioresinferms fedent in media 
 fuperbanciun, & homines caeteri poft eos in terra deorhim, fed viriadcxcris, &fcemina;afi- 
 nillris. Tentoria quoque de panno lineo habec pulchra & magna fatis, qua; fuerunt Hungariae 
 regis., Nee aliquis ad eius tentorium audetaccedereprsterfaniiliam, nifi vocatus, quantum- 
 cunque fit potcns & magnus,nifi forte lciatur , quod fit voluntas ipfius. Nos etiam dicla caula 
 fedimusafiniftris:Sicetenim&omnesnuncijfaciuntiiieundo: led in redeundo abJmpera- 
 tore,femperponebamuradcxtris, In medio poniturmenfaeiuspropeoitiumfrationis,fuper 
 Eiur.iem bibtndi quam apponiturpotus in aureib & argenteis vafis, Necvnquambibit Bathy. vel aliquis.Tar- 
 linwfmo^ tarorumPrinccps,maximequando in publico funt.nificantetureivelcytriarizetur.Et cum e- 
 quitat.femper portatur iolinum , vel tentoriolum (upet caput eius ib hafta, Sicq; faciunt cunQi 
 maioresPrmcipes Tartarorum,& etiam vxores eorum. Idem vero Bathy facts eft hominibus 
 fiiisbenignus,valdctamenabeistimctur,&inpugnaeftctudelillimus, fagax ettmul(um& a- 
 fi utifiiinus in be!lo : quia iam pugnauic tempore longo, 
 
 QualiterrecedentesaBathyper terram Comanorum 
 
 & Kungittarum tranjierunt . C ap.2 3 . 
 
 1Ndiepor:6Sabbathifan£tiadftationemfuimiis vocati, & exiuicadnos procuratorBathy 
 prad^us, dicens ex parte ipfius, quod ad Imperacorem Cuyne in terrain ipforum iremus, 
 rerentis quibufdam exnoftris fub hac lpecie,quod vellent eos remittere adDominum Papam, 
 quibus & literas dedimus de omnibus faCtis noftris, quas deferrenc eidem. Sed tumrediifienc 
 vfq; a d Montij Ducem lupradidlum , ibi retenti fuerunt vfque ad reditum noftrum.Nos autem 
 jn die Pafchf officio di6to,& fa6ta comeflione qualicunq-, cum duobus Tartaris,qui nobis apud 
 CorrenfamfuerantafTignati, cum raultislacrymisreceHimus,nefcientesvrrum ad mortem vel 
 vitampcrgeremus. Eramus tamenirainfirmicorpore,qu6d vixpoteramusequitare.In totafi- 
 quidemilla quadragefima faerat cibus nofter millium cumaqua & fale Caritum, & in alijs fimi- 
 liter diebus iciuniorum.Nec habebamus aliquid ad bibendum prater niuem in caldario lique- 
 farSiam. Ibamus autem per Comaniamequitandofoniliime, quoniam habebamus cquos re- 
 centes quinquies aut pluries in die, nifi quando per deferta ibamus, & tuncequos meliores at- 
 que fortiores, qui portent continuum fultinerelaboiem.accipiebamus.Et hoc ab ineunte qua- 
 dragefima vfqueado&odiespoftPafcha. Hasc terra Comania abAquilone immediate poft 
 RufliambabetMorduynos,Byleros,ideft,magnamBulgariam, Baftarcos, id eft, magnam 
 Hungarian^ poft Baftarcos, Paroficas & Samogetas. Poft Samogetas,illos 3 quidicuntur habe- 
 re faciem caninam in Oceani Iittoribus defertis, A meridie habet Alanos,Circaflbs,Gazaros, 
 Griciam &Conftantinopolin,ac terram Iberorum,Cathos,Brutachios, qui dicuntureflelu- 
 da;i,caput radentes per totum,terram quoq; Cithorum atque Georgianorum & Armcniorum 
 &Turcorum,Aboccidente autem Hungariam habet arque Ruiliam. Et eft Comania terra 
 maxima & longa. Cuius populos,fcilicetComanos,Tartariocciderunt, quidam tamenafa- 
 cie eorum fugerunt, & quidam in eorum feruitutem redafti funt, Plurimi autem exeis, qui fu- 
 gerunt,adipfosredierunt. Poft hsecintrauimus terram Kangittarum, qua; magnam habet in 
 plurimis locis penuriam aquarum, in qua etiam homines pauci morantur propter aqua; defe- 
 ctum. Vndc homines leroflai, Ducis Ruffia;, cum ad ipfum in terram Tartarorum pei rexcrunr, 
 plures eorum in illo deferto prx fiti mortui funt. In hac etiam terra & in Comania multainue- 
 nimus capita &olTamortuorumhominum,fuper terram iacentiatanquamflerquilinium. Per 
 hanc itaq; terram iuimus ab oclo diebus poft Pafcha fere vfque ad Afcenfioneni Dominicam. 
 Huiufq; habitatores Pagani eranr, Sc tarn ipfi quam Comani non laborabant, fed tantiim dc 
 animahbus viuebant, necdomosa:dificabant ) fed in tabernaculis habitabant. Iftos etiam 
 Tartari deleuerunt, & habitabant in tcrris eorum, Uliq;quitemanferunt, redact funt in fer- 
 uitutem ipfomm. 
 
 Comanif de- 
 fcriplii), 
 
 Oceanusfepttn- 
 nionalic 
 
 TetraKangitta. 
 rum. 
 
 leroflaus.Dux 
 
 RuOix. 
 
 Qual 
 
 iter 
 
TheTartars. TrafFiques,andDifcoueries. 4.6 
 
 t — ■ ■ * _^ — ^ ^.^^^__ . _ . — .... ... _ . . — 
 
 Qualicer ad primam lmpcratoris fucuri curiam 
 deuenerunt. Cap.24. 
 
 POrrods terra Kangittarum intrauimus terrain Biferminorum , quiloquuntur lingua Co- TcmBifrmino. 
 mantca, fed legem tcncntSarraccnorum. In hac etiam tetra inuenimusvrbesinnumeras tum ' 
 cum caftris ditutas, villafqjmuhas defcrtas, Huius Dominu:>tJicebaturAlri(o!danus.,qiiicijm Aitifoidanus. 
 tota fua progenie a Tartaris eft deftru&us, Habet autem hsc terra montcs maximos. Et a me- Momei maximi, 
 ridie quidem habet Hierufalem & Baldach, totamq; Sarracenorum terram, Atque in fimbus 
 il lis propinqu is morantur duo fratres carnalcs,Tart arorum Duces,icilicet Burin & Cadan, filij Burin. 
 Tbiaday , qui fuit filius Chingifcham, Ab Aquilone vero terram habet nigrorum Ky- oJt^us.b 
 thaorum & Oceanum . In ilia vero moratur Syban, frater Bathy. Per hanc iuimus a fefto A 1 U lone - 
 Afcenfionis dominies fere vfque ad viij.diesantcfeftum fanc"t,lohan.Baptiftz«Deindeingrem" B«hy.' ""' 
 lumus terram nigrorum Kythaorum, in qua Impcratorardificauicdomum, vbi etiam vocati Ni 6" c «i»yni, 
 fuimus ad bibendum. Et ille,qui erat ibidem ex parte imperaroris,fccit maiores ciuitacis, & eti- 
 am duos filios eius, plaudere coram nobis, Hinc exeuntes, quoddam marc paruum inuenimus, Mucpvuum. 
 in cuius littorc quidam exiftit mons paruusjn quofcilicet monte quoddam foramen efledici- 
 tur,vnde in hyeme tarn maximf tempeftates ventorum exeunt.quod homines inde vix & cum 
 magno periculo tranfire pofliint. In arftate vero femper quidem ibi ventorum fonitus auditur, 
 fed de foraminc tenuitcr egreditut . Per huius maris littora plutimis diebus perreximus , Plnrinni debus, 
 quod quidem licet nonmultum fit magnum, plures infulas habet, & illud iu finiftris dimifi- H««li«ftls, 
 mus. In terra veto ilia habitat Ordu , quern omnium DucumTanatorumantiquioremdixi- ordu.op.13. 
 mus , & eft orda, fiue curia patris ipfius , quam inhabitat, & regis vna de vxoribus eius. Confu- 
 ctudo enim eft apud Tartaros,quodprincipum Scmaiorumcuriasnondelcntur, fedfemper 
 ordinantur aliquz mulieres , quarillasregant,eifquedonariorum partes, ficut Domints ea- 
 rum dari folebanr, dantur, Sic tandem ad primam lmpcratoris curiam venimus,in qua erat v- priBU «"'• lM * 
 nadc vxoribus ipfius. ptraww. 
 
 Qualicer ad ipfum Cuyne, Imperatorem futurum 
 feruenerunt. Cap.25. 
 
 AT vero quia nondum Imperatorem videramus, noluerunt vocarenos,nec intromittere 
 ad Ordam ipfius, fed nobis in tcntorio noftro fecundum morem Tartatorum valde bene 
 feruiri fecerunt,& vt quiefceremus,nos ibidem per vnam diem tenuerunt.Inde procedentcs in 
 vigilia fandtorum Petri & Pauli, terram Naymanorum intrauimus,qui funt Pagani.In ipfa ve- TemNajm*; 
 16 die Apoftolorum ibidem cccidit magna nix,& habuimus magnum frigus.Harc quidem ter- no " m, • 
 ramontuofa&frigidaeftfupramodum, ibiq; de planicie reperitur modicum , Iftsequoque 
 duarnationes prxdictenonlaborabant.fed ficut &Tartari intentorijs habitabant, quas 8c 
 jpfideleuerant. perhanc etiam multis diebus petreximus. Deindc terrarn Mongalorum intra- 
 uimus, quos Tartaros appellamus. Per has itaque terras, vt credimus, tribus fcptimanis cqui- Tanari*. 
 tando fortirer iuimus,& in die Beata: Maria: Magdalenz ad Cuyne Imperatorem ele&um per- iuiij «. 
 uenimus. Ide6 autem per omnem viam iftam valde feftinauimus, quia prsceptum erat Tar- Accd<M ! om '«* 
 taris noftris, vt citd nos deducerent ad curiam folcnnem,iam ex annis pluribus indi&am.prop- s ' tonUB ' 
 t;ripfiusImperatorisclc<&ionem. Idcirco de mane furgentcs , ibamus vfque ad no6tcm fine 
 comeftione, & farpiustamtardeveniebamus, quodnon comedebamus in fero, fed quod 
 manducare debebamus in vefperc , dabatur nobis in mane, Mutatifq; frcquentius cquis, 
 nullatenusparcebaturcis, fed cquitabamusvelociter ac fine incermiflione , quantum pote- 
 yantequi trot are. 
 
 Qualiter (uytte Fratres Mnoresfufcefit. Cap.2<S. 
 
 CVm autem peruenimus ad Cuyne,fccit nobis dari tentorium &expenfas, qualesTarta- Coyne in Isgatot 
 ris dare folent , nobis tamen melius quam alijs nuncijs faciebant. Ad ipfum aurem vocati '■""Sri 05 ' 
 non fuimus,eo quod nondum cleiflus erat , nee adhuc de imperio fc intromittebat . Intcrpre- 
 tatio tamen literarum Domini Papa? , ac verba etiam a nobis dicta, apndidtoBatyerant ei 
 mandata. Cum ergo ftetuTemus ibi per quinquc vel fex dies,ad matrem fuam nos tranfmifit,v- 
 bi adunabatur curia folennis. Et cum veniflemus illuc, tarn extenfum erat tentoriummagnum, Temoihro 
 de alba purpura priparatum, eratq; tarn grande noftro iudicio, quod plufquam duo milliaho- ,s8ittID ' 
 minumpoteranteflefubillo,Etincircuitufaitumeratligneumtabula:umvariji imaginibus 
 depi^um t Illucerg6perrexirnuscuiuTaitaris,nobisadcuftodiarna(Tignatis ) ibiq;conueneraru: 
 
 E oranc? 
 
5o The Englifti VoyageSjNauigatiohs, TbeTartars. 
 
 Coinuia. 
 
 Sympofium 
 procerum. 
 
 Ieroflaus Dux 
 Rufli.c. 
 Lcfiati diner la- 
 mm nationuin. 
 
 omnesducesj&vnu.'quilqjcuinhominibusfuisequitabatincircuicupcr planiciem & colles. 
 In prima die veftiti funt omncs purpurisalbis, infecundaverorubeis. Ec tunc venic Cuync 
 ad tentorium illud.Porro tenia die fucrunt omnesin blaueis purpuris,& quarta in optimis Bal- 
 dakinis.In illo autem tabulato iuxta tentorium erant dux maioies porta:, per quarum vnam fo- 
 lus Imperacor debebat intrare , & ad lllam nulla erat cuftodia , quamuis cflec aperta, quia pes 
 illam nullus audebat ingredi vel exire : per aliam omues, qui admit lebantur, intrabant, & ad il- 
 Iam cuftodes cum gladijs & arcubus & fagittis erant. Iraq; fi quis tentorio propinqmbat vltra 
 tetminos, qui pofui erant,(i capiebatur,vcrberabatur,fifugicbat,fagittafiue ferro fagittaba- 
 tur, Multiq; ibi erant, qui in fraenis, peitoralibus, fellis & huiufmodi.iudicio noftro,auri circi- 
 ter viginti marcas habebant. Sic Duces infra tentorium colloquebantur,& de Imperatoris e!e- 
 ftionetra&abant.vt anobiscreditur. Alius autem vniuerfuspopuluslonge extra tabulaturn 
 collocabatur,& ita fere vfque ad meridiem morabantur. Tunc incipiebant lac iumcntinum bi- 
 bere, & vfque ad vefperastantumbibcbant, quod erat vifu mirabile. Nos autem vocaucrunt 
 interiusj&dederunt nobis cereuifiam: quia iumentinu lac non bibebamus.Et hoc quidem no- 
 bis pro magno fecerunt bonore : fed i3inen nos compellebant ad bibendum,quod nullatenus 
 potcramus propter confuetudinem fuftinere, Vnde oftendimus eis,hoc effenobis grauc, ideo- 
 q; nos ceflaueruntco:npelIere,Foris autem erat Dux Ieroflaus de Sufdal Ruflia: , plurefq; Du- 
 ces Kythaprum & Solangorum. Duo quoq; filij regis Georgix,nuncius ctiam Caliphi de Bal- 
 dach, qui erat Soldanus,& plus quam decern alij Soldani Sarracenorum, vc credimus, Et ficuc 
 nobis a procuratoribus dicebatur,erant ibi nunciorum plus quam quatuot millia,inter illos,qui 
 tributaportabantj&illos, qui deferebantmunera,5cSoldanosacDuces alios, qui adtraden- 
 dumfeipfosveniebanc, &illos, proquibus ipfi mifcrant , illofq; , qui terrarum prxfefti e- 
 rant. Hi omnes fimul extra tabulaturn ponebantur, cifq; fimul bibere prxbebatur, Nobis 
 autem& Ducilcrozlaofcr^ lempet abeis dabatur fuperiorjocus, quando cum eis eramus 
 exterius, 
 
 Qualiter in impermmfuhlimatusfuit. Cap. 27. 
 
 ET quidem , fi bene meminimus, ibidem per fcptimanas circitcr quatuor fuimus, Gredf- 
 mulq;,qu6d ibi fuit eleciio celebrata,non tamen ibidem fuit publkrata.Propter hoc autem 
 id maximecredebatur,quiafemper,quando Cuync tentorio cxibat,eidemcantabatur,& cum 
 vifis fpeciofis , in fummitatc lanam coccineam habentibus, inclinabatur, quod aheri Ducum 
 nulli fiebat , quoufq; exterius morabatur, Hec autem ftatiofiue Curia nominarur abeis Syra 
 orda, Hinc exeuntes , vnanimiter omnes equitauimus pet tres aut quatuor leucas ad alium lo- 
 cum.vbi erat in quada pulchra planicie iuxta riuurn inter montes aliud tentorium , quod apud 
 ipfos appellatur Orda aurca, prseparacu, Ibi cnim Cuyne debebat poni in fede in die Affumpti- 
 onis Dominx noftrx.Sed propter grandinem nimiam, qux tunc, vt fupta diflum eft , cecidit» 
 res dilat a fuit. Eratq; tentorium in columnis pofitum , qux laminis aureiserant te<9x, & clauis 
 aureis cum alijs lignis fixx« Porto de Baldakino erat tectum fuperius, fed alij erant panni exte- 
 rius, Fuimus autem ibi vfq; ad feftum Beati Bartholomxi, in quo maxima mulcitudo conue- 
 Vmv folcanct. n it,& contra meridiem verfis vultibus ftetit.Et quidam ad iatfiuni lapidis longe a exceris erant,, 
 femperq; orationes faciendo.ac genua fiectendo, contra meridiem Iongius, & longius proce- 
 dcbant.Nos autem vtrum incantationes facerent , aut genua Deo vel alteri fleclerent, nefci- 
 entes nolebamus facere genu flexiones. Cumq; diu ita fecilTent , ad tentorium reuerfi funt, 8C 
 Cuyne in fede iroperiali pofuerunt, Ducefq; coram eo genua flexerunt. Poft hoc idem fecit v- 
 niuerfus populus,exceptis nobis,qui eis fubditi non eramus. 
 
 De Mateac moribus acjigillo ipjtus. Cap.28. 
 
 cuynxitasi T Tic autemlmperator quandofublimatuseft inrcgnnm, videbatur eflccirciter xl,vel xfv. 
 
 moi«. XTJlannorum. Mcdiocris erat ftaturx, prudens valde,nimis aftutus multumq; fei iofus, & gra- 
 
 uis in moribus. Nee vnquamvidebateum homo defaciliridere, vel aliquam leuitacem face- 
 re , ficut dicebant Chriftiani, qui cum ipfo morabantur c ontinue, Dicebant etiam nobis afle- 
 rendofinniter Chriftiani, qui erant defamiliaeius, quod deberet fieri Chriftianus . Cuius 
 
 siudium chrilti. fionum erat,quod ipfe Clericos Chriliianos tenebat,& expenfas eis dabat.Habebat etiain fern- 
 
 * ni^l0 '■ per capellam Chriftianorum ante maius tentorium fuum, vbi cantant Clcrici publice & aperte, 
 
 ac pulfant ad boras, v t eg teri Chriftiani fecundum mores Grf corum,quantacunq; fit ibi mulci- 
 tudo Tartarorum , vel etiam aliorumhominum, Hoc tamen non faciunt alij Duces ipforum. 
 
 Miieflu, Eft autem mos Imperatorisipfius, vumnquam ore proptioloquatur cumextianeo, quan- 
 
 tumcunqi 
 
 Imperii Cuynae 
 piimiiuc. 
 
 ;-'j!3 orda. 
 
 Aurca ord*. 
 Auguftiij. 
 
TheTartars. rraffiques,andDiicouenes. 51 
 
 tumcunq; magnusfit,fedaudit & relpondetpennccrpofitain pcrfonam,& qusndocunq; ne- 
 gotiumproponunt,vcllmperacorisrefponfionciiiaudiuntilli, qui fubeofunt, quantumcun- 
 q;fmtm3gni,flexisgenibus vlqjadfincm verborum pcrliltuiit. Necalkui de confuetudine 
 fuper ahquo negotioloquilicicuvneft, poltquam ab lmperatoredefinitum eft. Habet autem 
 Imperator prredidUisprocuratorem & proconotarios, atq; fcriptorcs, omncfq; officiates in ne- 
 gotijs tarn publids quam priuatis, exceptis Aduocatis. Nam fine jicium vel iudiciorum ftrepitu Potcrhscxlcxf; 
 fecundum arbitrium Imperatoris omnia fiunc. Alijquoqu;Principes Tartaiorumdchis, quse 
 ad illos pertinent, idem faciunt. Hoc autem nouenncvniuerfi, quia nobis tunc exiftentibus in 
 folenni curia, iam ex plunbus annis indicia, idem Cuyne Imperator, de nouo eledtus, cum 
 omnibus fuisPrincipibuserexicvexillum contra EccleliamDei, acRomanum Impenum, & EdiuminChti. 
 contra omnia regna Chriftianorum & populos Occidents, nififorrafie,quodabfit, faccrcnt tum. "" 8 " 2 " 
 ea, qua: mandabat Domino Papa:,acquepotcntibus,&omuibus Chriftianorum populis,vide- 
 licetvtipfifubdantureis. Nam cxccptaChriftianitate, nulla eft terra in otbe, quam timeanc, 
 &idcirco contra nosadpuguamieprzparant.Huiusfiquidem Imperatorispater,fcilicet Oc- 
 coday, necatusfuerat veneno,&ob hoc a bellis quieuerant tempore pauco, Intentio autem 
 eorum,vr.di61:umeftfupra,eft, fibi totum fubijcere mundum, ficut a Chingifcbam habent 
 mandatum. Vnde & ipfe Imperator in Uteris fuisita kribir J Dei fonitudo,omnium hominum 
 Imperator. In iupcrfcriptione quoque figilli eius eft hoc : Deus in ccelo, & Cuyne Cham lu- 
 perterram, Dei fortitudo : omnium hominum Imperatoris figillum* 
 I Contra Xenophon : Jirjrm Wi ww>. Etpr<tclare tslriftoteles P0lttic.hb.3xap. i z.in hanc fenten- 
 tiam: Qui legem prs.effevult,iivellevideturDcu<tc leges imper are: qui autem vult homtr.eTn< 
 is etiam belluam adtungit,cum prxfertiix tale quid fit cupiditas & iracundia : & maviflratm & 
 opttmtts cjuifcjj a refla vta detorqueantur &c, Adde qua e Cbryfipppo adducumurjF.li, i Jit. 3 .1,2. 
 
 De admiffione Fratrum & nunciorum ad Impera- 
 torem. Cap.2^. 
 
 INlocoiilo, vbi pofitus eft Imperator in throno,vocatifuimus coram ipfo, Cumq;Chin- g a "^" udilis ' 
 gayprotonotariuseiusnominanoftrafcripiiflec,illorriq;aquibusmiiTieramus,&DucisSo- 
 langorum & aliorum , clamauit alta voce, recitans ilia coram Imperarore ac Ducum vniuerfi- 
 tate, Quo fa£to,flcxit vnurqiufq; noftrum quatcr genu finiflrum, & monucrunt, nc tan^cre- 
 muslimendeor(i;m. Cumq;procultellis nosdiligentiffimefciutacifuificnt, &nullatenusin- 
 ueniflent, intrauimus oftium ab Orientali parte:qiiia nullus ab Occidente,nifi folus imperator, 
 aud^-t intrare. Similiter & Duxab ilia pane ingrcditur folus, G eft tentorium eius, Minorcs au- 
 tem nonmuhumcurantdctalibus. Tunc ergoprimum in eius prafcntiafuam intrauimus fta- 
 tionem,videIicet poftquam faflus eft Imperator ibidem.Omnes quoque nuncij tunc ab eo re- 
 cepti iuut, fed pauciflimi tentorium eius intrauerunt. Ibi vero tanta donaria ab ipfis nuncijs fu- M «""a «I«<s 
 erunteiprafcnta^quodquafividebanturinfinita, videlicet in famitisacpurpureis&balda- cblat *' 
 kinisaccinguhslericiscumauropriparatis, pcllibus eiiamnobilibus, cfterifq; munenbus, 
 Quoddam etiam Solinum, fiue ten toriolum,quod fuper caput Imperatoris portattir, fuit eidem 
 praefentatum, quod totum crat cum gemmisprafparatum. Quidam vero prjeferftus vnius pio- 
 uinciaradduxiteiGamelosmultoscum Baldakkus tcftos. Similiter fells pofitse cuminltru- 
 mentisquibufdamerant, in quibushominesinteiiusfedere valebant, Equos etiam mulcos& 
 mulos adducebant eidem phalcratos Sc armatos,quofdam qmdem de corio , & quofdam de 
 fcno.Nos etiam requifiti fuimus,anei munera dare vellemus : fed iam facukas non erat. quo- 
 niam omnia fere noftraconfumpferamus. Ibidemlonge d llationibus fuper montemerant fcwwaMwffc 
 pofiticurtusplufquamquingenti, quiomncsauro&argcnto ac leritisveftibuserant pleni. , ' f '"' 
 Cunftiq; inter imperatorem & Duces diuifi fuerunt, iingnliq; Duccsincer homines fuospar^ 
 Ksfuas, vteis placuit,diuiferunt. 
 
 De loco diuifionis Imperatoris & matris Cux } 8c morte 
 
 IeroJIaiy Ducts Rufsix. 
 
 INderecedenccs, venimusad alium locum, vbi tentorium mirabile, totum de purpura rufa, tentorium pnfc 
 quodKitaydedcran^eratpofitum.Illicinteriusintroduai fuimus, & fempercumintraba- FUrcum ' 
 ruus nobis dabatur ad bibendum cereuifia vel vinum,& etiam carnes coS.z, h volebamus, ad 
 edendura . Eratque folariolum vnum ,de tabulis alte prseparatum, vbi thronus Imperato- So!i„mcb^ 
 nseratpofitus, exeboremirabiliter lculptus, in quo etiam erat aurnm,&Iapidespreciofi,fi num - 
 faenememinimus, & illuc afcendebatur per gradus. Eratque rotundum luperius, Banci 
 
 E a y cr 6 
 
51 The Englidi Voyages,Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 Ncx Oecoday 
 vindicate. 
 
 Icrosl.ius Dux 
 Kuflie. 
 
 vero eran: pofiti in circuitu ledis, vbi domina: ledebant a pane finiftra in (camnis,a dextris au- 
 rem nemo fedebat fupcrius, fed Duces fedcbant in Bands inferius,& hoc in medio. Alijvero 
 fedebant poll cos, & quolibet die veniebat dominatum maxima multitudo. Ifta vero cria ten- 
 toriajdequibusfupradiximusjerantvalde magna, aliaq;habebantvxores eitisde filtro albo 
 fatis magna & pulchra. Ibidem Imperator diuifus eft amatrc iua, qua: iuit invnam terrsepar- 
 tem, & Imperacor in aliam ad iudicia facienda. Capta fiquidem erat arnica Imperatoris iiiius, 
 qua; venenointerfecerat pattern eius,eo tempore, quo exercituseorum in Hunganafuir.Prop- 
 ter quod etiamexercituseorum, qui erat in partibusillis, recelTir, De qua cumalijs pluribus 
 factum fuit judicium, & occifi fuerunt. Eodem tempore mortuus fuit Ierozlaus, Dux magnus 
 Soldal, quae eft quardam RuiTise pars. Vocatus enim ad matrem Imperatoris quad pro honore, 
 vt manducaret ac biberec demanu ipfius, in continenti ad hofpitium eft reucrfus, infirmatufq; 
 mortuus eft poftfeptemdies, totumque corpus eiusmiromodo glaucum cffeclumeft, di- 
 cebaturq;ab omnibus, quod ibidem, vt terrain eius libere ac plenariepoiliderent, fuifieE 
 impotionatus» 
 
 Qualiter tandem Fratres ad Imperatorem accedences, 
 literas dederunt &acceperunt. Cap.31. 
 
 DEniq; Tartan noftri nos ad Imperatorem duxeruru : qui cum audiflet per illos , nos ad e- 
 um veniffe, iuffic nos ad matrem redire . Volebat enim fecundo die, ficut fuperiiis diftum 
 eft,contracotam Occidents terrain vexillumcrigere,quod nos volebat ignorare.Iraquereucr- 
 fi ftetimuspaucisdiebus,&iterumadipfumreuerfifumus. Cum quo bene permenfem fui- 
 musintantafameaciiri,qu6dvixviuerepoteramus,Namexpenfa', quae nobis prodicbusqua- 
 tuor daban:ur, vix vni fufficiehant. Nee inuenire poteramus aliquid ad emendum , quia fo- 
 rum erat nimisremotum . Sed Dominus nobis qucndamRuthenum, nomine Cofmam,auri- 
 fabrum pra:parauit, qui fatis dileitus Imperatori, nos in aliquo fulientauit, Ethic nobis o- 
 ftenditthronum Imperatoris, quemipfefecerat,ancequamponeretur in fede,&i1gillumeiuf- 
 dem,quodetiamfabricaueratipfe. Poft hoc Imperator pro nobis mifir, nobifq; per Chingay 
 protonotarium fuumdici fecit, vt verba noftra & negotia fcriberemus, eiq; porrigcremus. 
 Quod & fecimus.Poft plures dies nos iterum vocari fecit, & vcrum effent apud Dominum Pa- 
 pain, qui RuthenorumvelSarracenoruin s autetiamTartarorum literam intelligerent,inter- 
 rogauir.Cuirefpondimus, quod nullam iftarumliterarumhabebamus. Sarracenitamencrant 
 in terra , fed remoti erant a Domino Papa, Diximus tamen , quia nobis expedire videbatur, 
 quod inTartaricofcnberentj&nobisinterpretarentur, nosautem inlitera noftra diligenter 
 fcriberemus, & tarn literam quam interpretationem ad Dominum Papain deferremus. Tunc a 
 nobis recefietunr, & ad Imperatorem iuerunr. Porro a die Beati Martini fuimus vocati, Tnric 
 Kadac, totius imperij procurator, & Chingay & Bala.plurefq; fcriptores adnos venerunt , 110- 
 bilq; literam de verbo ad verbum interpretati fuerunt. Et cum in Latina litera fcripfifiemus, 
 faciebant fibi per fingulas orationes interpretari, volenres fcire, (i nos in aliquo verbo crrare- 
 mus. Cum igiturambajliterssfuiflent fciiptar,fecerunt nosfemel ac fecundo legere,ne forte 
 minus aliquid haberemus, Dixerunt enim nobis, videte, quod omnia bene intelligatis, quia 
 non expediret,quod non omnia bene intelligeretis.Literas etiam in Sarracenico fcripferunt,vt 
 aliquis in partibus noftris inueniri pofiet, qui eas, ft opus eflet,legeret, 
 
 Qualiter licentiati fuerunt. Cap. 5 2. 
 
 'T autem nobis Tartari noftri dixerunt, propofuit Imperator nuncios fuosnobifcum mit- 
 tere, Volebat tamen, vt credimus,quod nos id ab eo petcrcmus. Sed cum vnus de Tarta- 
 ris noftris, qui feniorerat,nos ad hoc petendumhortaretur, nobis quidem,vt venirent,nequa- 
 iegatiabhorrcnt quambonum videbatur,Ideoq;refpondimus ei, quod non erat noftrum petere, fed fi fponte 
 chritonos'icga- >pfe Imperator mitterct cos,libenter eos feciire conduceremus, Dominoadiuuante.Nobis au- 
 done. tem ob plures caufasvtvenirent,nonvidebatur expedire. Prima quidem fuit, quia timuimus, 
 
 ne vifis diflentionibus aut guerris, qua; fiunt inter nos,magis animarentur ad veniendum con- 
 tra nos.Secunda fuit, timebamuseos escploratores terra; fieri. Tenia vero, quia timebamus c- 
 os interfici.Gentes enim noftra?arrogantes funt & fuperbar.Vnde quando feruientes, qui flant 
 nobifcum, exrogatuCardinalis,legatifcilicet Alemannix,inhabitu Tartaricoibancad ip- 
 fum.in via fere lapidatifunt aTeutonicis, & coacli funtdeponerehabitum ilium. Confuetu- 
 do autem eft Tartarorum,vt cum illis,qui nuncios eorum occiderint,nunquam faciant pacem, 
 nifi fumant de ipfis vltionem, Quarta etia caufa fuit, quia timebamus ne nobis aufenentur vi» 
 
 Quinta 
 
 Cuvnc cum Icga- 
 tis diflimulantcr 
 ag». 
 
 Cofmas Ruffus. 
 
 Chingay intcr- 
 nuncius. 
 
 PruJensde Ute- 
 ris coniilium. 
 
 v: 
 
" 
 
 TheTartars. Trafrlques,andDifcoueries. : 53 
 
 h ■ *_— _^_ — — — — - 
 
 Quinca vcro caufa erat,quia tic auueotu corum nulla tore: vtilitas.cum nullum habercnt almd 
 maadatum yel poceftatem, nifi quod Ijteras Imperatoris ad Dominum Papain & ad Principcs 
 deferrent,quas videlicet litcrasipfi nos habebamus, & malum ex coram aduentu poffe con- 
 tingerecredebamus.Itaq;tertiadiepolthoc,fcilicetinfcitobeatiBricc;j nobis dederunc li- Noutmb.ij._ 
 centiam & litcramjmperatoris figillo munitam,mittentes nos ad ipfius Imperatoris macrem, ^aTlZtl 
 que_vnicuiq; noftrumdcditpelliccum vnumdepe]libusvulpinis,quodhabebat pilosde fo- 
 ris,& purpuram vnam. Dequibus Tarrari noftri furati funt ex vnaquaq; vnum paffum.De ilia 
 quoq;, qux dabatur feruienti.meliorem medietatcm funt furati, QJiod nos quidem non igno- 
 rauimus, fed indc verba mouercnoluimus. 
 
 Qualiter ab ilk inner e redierunt. Cap. 3 3 . 
 
 TVnc iter ad reuertendum atripuimus , ar per totam hyemem venimus, iacentes in defer- 
 tis fepiusinmuc, nifi quantum poteramus nobis cum pede locum facere. Ibiquippenon nffficflN legato 
 erant arbores , fed planus campus* Et fxpe mane nos inucniebamus totos niue, quam ventus """ nittm ' 
 pcllebat,coopertos. Sic venientes vfq; ad Afccniionem Domini pcruenimus ad Bathy. A quo Ba,b r« 
 cum inquireremus, quid refponderet DominoPapx , dixit fe nolle aliud, nifi quod Imperator 
 diligenterfciipfcrat,deman(lare.Dati(q; nobis deconduttu literij,abeo receflimus.&fabba- 
 tho infra oitauas Pentecoft es vfq; ad Moncij peruenimus 3 vbi erant foe ij noftri, ac feruientes, 
 qui fuerant retenti , quos ad nos fecimus reduci. Hinc vfq; Correnfam peruenimus, cui iteium Correnia, 
 a nobis donaria petcnti non dedimus, quia non habebamus. Dediiq; nobis duos Comanos, 
 qui erant ex Tartarorum plebe, vfque ad Kiouiam Ruflix, Tartarus tamen nofternon dimific 
 nos , donee exiremus vltimam Tartarorum ciiftodiam.Ifti vcro alij, qui nobis a Correnfa dati 
 funt , infex dicbus ab vltimacuftodia vfq; ad Kiouiam nos duxerunt.Venimus autem illucan- 
 tcfeftomBeatilohannisBaptiftgxv.diebus, Porro Kiouienfcsaduentumnoflrum percipien- lunij ». 
 tes, occurrerunt nobis omnes lxtamer.Congratulabantur enim nobis , tanquam a morte fu£- dJdbJ'E!'*" 
 cits tis. Sic fecerunt nobis per totam R.urfiam,Poloniam & Bohcmiam.Daniel & Wafilico f ra- };ihl,us » Daniel 
 tereius fcflum nobis magnum fccerunt,& noscontravoluntatcmnoftrambenepcro6todies nac ' la - 
 tenuerunt.Medioq; tempore inrerfe& cum Epilcopis,ca:ccrifq; probisviris,fuperhis,qua:Io<- 
 cuti f'ueramus eifdem,in procefTu noftro ad Tartaros conhlium habentes , refpond erun t nobis 
 eommuniter,dicentes : quod Dominum Papam habere vellentinfpecialem Dominum, & in Rdn,p,o(c«nt 
 patrem/anclam quoq; Romanam Ecclefiam in domiuam & magiftram , confirmantes etiam P*™*™ p »f*' 
 omnia , qux priiis de hac materia per Abbatem fuum tranfmiferaut.Et fuper hoc etiam nobif- 
 cum ad Dominum Papam nuncios fuos & literas tranfmiferunt. 
 
 ... 
 
 <^5 The voyage of 'fobannes de Tlano Qarpini vn to 
 the Northeaft parts of the world, in the yeerc of our 
 
 Lerd, 1 2 4.6, 
 
 . • ■ " 
 
 Of the firft fending of certaine Friers Predicants and Minorites 
 
 vntothe Tartarsjake/tout of the j2.Bot>ke of Vificentius Bduacenfis 
 
 btt Spec ulum Hiftoriale : beginning at thefecond Chapter. 
 
 I TSout tfjfe time alfo, Ipope Innocentius trje fourtlj lent Jf riet Afccllhie be» AfeW"". 
 ' trigone of the ojcer of the Prxdicams,togetber uit'tb tljjce other jFncrs (of 
 trje fame authontie torjtreuntotljcptoere calico) confojteDn)itb bun out of 
 Diners Ccucns of their o?oer , lut'tb letters Spoltoltcall tonto tbe Tartars 
 campe: toberefabeecrhojteo tbcmto giuecuer their blouoie fiaugbrerof 
 mankiribe, ant) to retettte tbe Chriftianfaittj. Sinn 31, in tterie Meoe 3 rc» 
 ; ceiueo the relations concerning; tbe oeeocs of tbe Tartars onelie, (tnljicb, = 
 aceojoing to tlje congruence of times, 3 baueaboueinferteo into tbis mptuoojkc) frcm a jfri< 
 fC Minorite, eallet) Simon de Sanit. Quintin , Vcho lately returnee from tbe fojnc uopsge. simonQain*. 
 3no at that toerie time alfo, there teas a certaine other JFrier Minorite, namelptfrier lohn de ™*™^ 
 Piano Carpini,fcntn)itb certaine affociatesrjntotbeTartars.toboIihetotfe (as bimfelfetmencf' cL?i n i. epan8 
 fetb)aboue ano ccmicrfcD 'tuitb tbem a peereano tbjee monettjs at tbe leatt.jfo? both be $ am friet 
 Benedict a Poloman being of the fame o?oer, ano apaitakcr of alibis miferie ano tribti!ation,re- Bcnrdiam 
 ceiuen ttraigbt commaunoement from tbel?ope, that both of themihoutoerjiltgentlp fearclje Polonai 
 ontalltbingstbatconcecneDtbe fiateof the Tartars. 9no tberefo;e this /tier lohn i;at!j lont- 
 ten a I tele Jjpitto jic ('aljicb is come to our banos) of fucb things, as with bis ottme epes fjee fatoc 
 
 <C 3 among 
 
 i 
 
54.: TheEnglifhVoyageSjNauigations, TheTartars. 
 
 to bcfcription 
 
 Of tiUt.VW. 
 
 '■Eltr J^ojt}) 
 
 fl>ceati. 
 
 Syra Ords. 
 
 SBe iiucmpc* 
 
 ratttrc of (Lie 
 aire. 
 
 B9h«tOtd«Qg> 
 mflerij. 
 
 among the Tartars, o? tobiclj t)t bcaro from btners Cmiihans too?tbp of cttoit, remaining tijcre in 
 captiuitie JDut of to bi%fljift o?te 3! tboughtgoob bp tonp of concUifton, to infert feractobat to? the 
 ftipplp of tbofe things iutjicrj arc toanting in the fain jTrier Simon, 
 
 Of the fituation and qualitie of the Tartars land, By 
 
 Johannes de Piano Carpini. Chap.3. 
 
 Tuyere is totoarns the Caff a lanb tobicb is calico Mongal 0? Tartaria.lping in tbat part of tfje 
 too?ibe tobicb is tfjougrjctouemoftj^ojtrjiSafterlp. ©ntbe<£aftpartitbatbtbecouiurep 
 
 Of Kythay atlO of the people calleb Solangi : OK CljC §)0UtI;patt tlje COUtltrep of tlje Saracens : on 
 
 tljc S)oucl> cafl tljc lano of t(je Huini: anb on the 22Je8 tbep?ouince of Namiani: but on tlje3fto?tb 
 
 Goettisnwironeotoitljtbc©cean^>ea. 31n fome part thereof it is full of mountaincs, ano in 0* 
 
 tber places plaineano fmootlje grounbe, but euerie tobcre fanoie anb barren, neither is the 
 
 bunb?etlj part thereof fruitefulU JFo? it cannot bearc fruite bnleffe it be moificneb toitb riner toa» 
 
 ters, tobicb bee berie rare in that countrep, SKKbcrebpon tljepbaue neither billages, no? cities a» 
 
 mong tbem , erccpt one tobicrj is calleo Cracurinr, ano is fain to be a pjoper cotone, 5<3e our fcluc? 
 
 ratoenottbistotone,buttocrealmdtttoithin fjalfc abapeBionrncptbereof.ttbentee remainebat 
 
 Syra Otda, tobicb is tlje great court of their Emperour. 9nb albeit the fojcfaio f anoe is otljcrtoife 
 
 bnftuitfuil,pet is it berp commooious fo? the bringing bpof cattcll.Jn certaine places thereof are 
 
 fomefmallftojeof treeBgroiDingjbucotljcrtoifeitis altogether DcCitute of tooebs. ^Cbercfcje 
 
 tbe€mperour,anobisnotlemenanbaUothertoarmetbemfelues, anb b?effe their meate toitlj 
 
 fitesmabeoftbeboungoforcn, anoho?fes. ©be apjealfo in that countrep is bert'e incempe* 
 
 rate J fa? tntbemiDffofiSDommer there be great tbunoers anb lightnings, bptljc tobicb man? 
 
 men are fiaine.anD at tbe fame time there falletb great abunbance of fnotoe, ttljcre bee alfo 
 
 fucb migbtie tempettes of coloe toitibes , tbat fometimes men are not able to fitte on hojfe« 
 
 bac&e ♦ Jitbereupon , being neerc bnto tbe Orda (fo? bp this name tljep call t!jc habitations of 
 
 their Cmperours anb noble men) in regaroe of the great toinbe toe toere conttrainen to Ipe grsue* 
 
 ling on tbe earth, ano coulo not fee bp reafon of the buff, %\)txt is neuer anp rainc in C(Hinter,liue 
 
 onelp in ^ommer.albeit in fo little quantitie,tbat fometimes it fcarcelpfufficeth to ailap tbeoutt, 
 
 o?tomop8entberootes oftbegraffe, ©here is often times great fioje of hailealfo. anfomucbj 
 
 that toben the €mperour electtoas to be placebin Ijis Cmperiall tb?one (mp felfe being then p?c= 
 
 feat) there fell fucb abunbance of baile, tbat,bpsntbeTubben melting thereof, mo?etbcn i6o„ 
 
 perfons toerebjotoneti in the fame place: there toere manie rentes anb other tfjinges alfo cfltico 
 
 atoap. Lifeetoife.ratbe^oirrmerfeafon tbere is on tljefubben ertreamehcate, anb fuooenlf 
 
 againeintollerablecolbe. 
 
 Of their forme,habite,andmanerofliuing. Chap.^. 
 
 Tfyt Mongals 0? Tartars, in outtoaro ffjape, are bnlifce to all otherpcoplc ♦ f 0? tljep are bjoa» 
 ber bettoeenetbeepes, anb tbeballcs of their cbeekes, then men of other nations bee, 
 ^hep haue flat anb fmaUnores v Utteepes,aibepclibncsjBarU)ingflreigbtbp?igl)t, tljep are fba> 
 tien on the crotones like pjieffs ♦ 'SLtjep toeace their haire fometoljat longer about their eares.tben 
 topon their fo^ebeabg; but bebinoe tljep let it grotoe loHg Iffte toomans ljaire,tohereof thep b^aioc 
 
 « jjtir Battte. ttoo loc!tes binbing eche of them behino either eare, ^tbep hawe fl)o?t feet alfo, ^Ije garments,as 
 tocllof ctjcirmcn,as of tbeir toomen areafl of one fafhion. ^thepbfe neither cloaUes,battes 9 
 no? cappes. 15uttheptoeare jackets frameb after a ffrange manner, of buckeram, fbatlct, 
 t) TMoafcines. ■Ebetr fboubes 0? gotoncs areljapjie on tbe outfibe , anb open beljinbe, toitb 
 tailes hanging bottne to tbcirhanimes, Hhepbfenot to toa&je their garments, neither toillin 
 anptoifefttrTer them tobeetoa&jeb , efpeciallpin tbe time of tbunber. ^beir habitations bee 
 rotmbe anbcunninglp mabeteitb toicltersanbfraues in manner of a tent, 'ISut in the mibbeS 
 of tbetoppes thereof, thepbaueatoinbotoopen toconuepthelightinanb tbefmoafee out. jfo? 
 tbeir fire is altoapesin tbe mibbeff i 'Stbcirtoallcsbee couerco toith felt , '©heir boo?cs are 
 mane of felte alfo. !§>omeof thefe tabernacles map quicker? be tafeenaumwr, anb fet together 
 againe.anb are carieb bpon beaflesbacfees. ©thcr fome cannot betafien infunber , but are flotoea 
 bpon carts, anb tobitherfoeuer tljep goe, be it cither to toarre.o? to anp other place, tljep tranfpo?t 
 
 cijcir tatteii. their tabernacles toith tbem, ©be? are berp rich in cattcl.as in camels.oren^eep, ano goatfc8nu 
 3 thinke tljep bauemoje bojfes ano marestben all tlje toojlo befines. TBut thep baue no toe no? o= 
 tljer beafis.'Ebeir «£mpero?s,Dukes J ? other of their nobles ooe abounn toith filH^golD, filucr,ant» 
 
 eBtiibimiaiA p?cciousflones>©heicbictualsactal things tljat map be eaten; fo? toe fato fomcof tbem eat lire, 
 
 '©Ijeg 
 
 jflt Tartars. 
 
 Stfcclwo 
 Fiobiiliccsinen. 
 
 <!T!jcirtabfr* 
 
 naclfo. 
 
- - •• ■ •■ ■- 
 
 — - - j ■ ill - — ^ — — ■ -"— .^^— ^„j -. . ^j_^__ l: _ JJ „_^ ._. ..^^ — ^ y_ ; j-j 
 
 T/>£ Tartars, TrafFiques,and Difeaueries.' 55$ . 
 
 {_=; 1 - ■ — 1 1 i ■ -' - 1 -— r . - — ■— - n , . ■ 
 
 tilji-p Djmttc mitketn great quantme,uut efp^ctallp mares mtlfee ,it tbep bane it : Ctjepfeetl) Mill 
 alfo in loater, making it fothinne, trjat tbep map Djinke tbcreof. Cuerp one of them o?inkcs 
 offacupfullo?tbJoinam6mmg,anb fometimecbtpeatenougbtelfealltbebaplong. 35utintfce 
 euening eaeb man Jjatlj a little fleOj gitten rjrtn to eate,ano tbep ojinhe ttje broatb thereof, ©otobetc 
 in fummer time, boben tbep baue mares mflfee enougb, tbep feloome eate flelbjbnles perhaps it be 
 ^iucntbcm,oj tbep take fomebeafiojbirb in bunting, -.•...■ 
 
 • i - ' ■ ' ' 
 
 Of their manners, both good and bad. Qxtp-5* 
 *t 
 
 TUpeir manners are part!? p?apfe-too jtbte, anb partlp beceSable t 5Fo? tbep are moje obeDicnt ^ tit bisbifci 
 bnco tbeir Jojds ano mailers, then anp other either clergie o? laie-people in the tehole toojlD. 
 jfo? tbepboe bigblp reuerence tbem,anb brill beceitte them, neither in toojoes no? beeDcs. 1£bep 
 feloome o?neuer fallout among tbemfelues,ano, as fo? fightings o^b?atoltngSi tncunos o?man= 
 flaughters,tbep ncuer bappenamong them. 'Chere are neither tbeeues no? robbers of great ri« mw ami* 
 cljesto be foano, ano therefore the tabernacles ano cartes of them that baue anp creafures are not " eiut " 
 OrengtbeneDtottblockesojbarres. afanpbeaftgoe aflrap, the finwrthereofeithetletsitgoe, 
 o? o jtuetb it to them that are put in office fo? the fame purpofe, at tnhofe hanbes the otoner of the 
 faiDbeaftoemaunoethtt,anbtoithout anp bifficultie receiuetbt'tagaine, ©ne of them honouretb ^ Brttt0 „ r , w 
 another erceebinglp,ano bettobjetb banquets berp familiarlp ano TiberalHp, notbritbfianbing that at. 
 gooo bictuals are baintie ano fcarce among them, Ehep are alfo berp barbie, ano toben tbep haae 
 faffcoaoapojttoa mttfjouc anp maner of fufienance,tbep{tngano aremerrpasifthepbaoeaten 
 their bellies full, 3In riotng, trjep ermure muclj colo ano ano ercrcme beat. ^berebe,inamaner, 
 no contentions among tbem,anb although tbep bfc commonlp to be bjmnken, pet boc tbep net qua= 
 rell in tbeir brunkennes, l!5oe one oftbem ocfpifetb another but hclpctb anb furtberetb bin' > as" 
 mucbascbntiemcntlpbecan, 'iS.heirtoomenarecbaiiejneitberistberefomucbasatoojobttereb ^BcirrBfliwtpo. 
 toncernittg their oitboneffir, §>omc of them mill nottoritbffanDing fpeakc filtbp anoimmobett 
 luojbS.Tgut tottjaros other peoplctljc fa'io Tartars be mofl infolent.ano tbep fcome anb fet nought W* m&i«i». 
 ipa!lotber noble ano anDignobM'perfonstobatforucr, jFojtoefatotntbe <£mperours court the nwi?g«w. 
 greatbuheofRufTia,tbeRing3fonneofGeorgia,anbmanpgreatSoldanes receiuingno cue fjo« 
 nour ano cflimation among tbem, &>o that euen tbe berp Tartars atfigneb to giue attenbante bn< 
 totbmi,b3erethepneuerfobafe,irjoulbalbjaicsgiiebefojetbcm,anbtaketbebpperhanooftbem, 
 pea, ano fometimes Uioulo conttraine tljem to fit bebinoe tbeir baches. Sgtojeeuer tbep are angrie 
 ano of a bifoaincfull nature bnto otberpeople, ano bepono all meafurebeccitfull, anb treacherous 
 totoarbs tbem, ■&&£» fpeafce fapie in tbe beginning, but in conclufion , tbep tting like fcojpions, 
 jFo? craftic thep are, ano full of fal(booD,circumucnrmg all men tobomtbep are able, bptbeiE 
 flcigbtc. auijatfoeuer mifcljiefe tbep enteno to pjactife agantff a man, thep keepe it wonoerfulip 
 fecrete, fo tljat he map bp nomeanes p?ouioe foj himfelfe 3 no? finb a remeoie agairtlJ their confpira» 
 ties, %tyy arc bnmanerlp alfo anb bncleanlp in taking tijeir meat anb their b?mke , anb in other 
 actions, D^unkennesishonourableamongtbcm.anotDbenanp oftbembatb tafeenmejebjinfee 
 tljenhisfiomackecanlBcllbeare.beecalletbitbpanbfallestoonnliiiigagainc, 'Cbep are mod 
 intollcrable eracters.mott cottetous pofieuours,anb moflhigarolp giuers, %\)i flaugbttr of otb?f - 
 people is accompteo a matter of notbing toitb tljem. 
 
 Of their lawes and cuftoraesi Chap 6. 
 
 M2D jeotter, tbep baue tljis lain o? cuttome, that tohatfoeuer man oj bjoman be tmnifelllp ta= #nniftmttit$j 
 
 ken in aoulterp,tbep arepuntfheo toitb Death. 3 birgine likettufe that bath committeb fo?ni« of """""p* 
 
 cation.thep flap together mitb her mate. ffiLthofoeuer be taken in robberteo?tbeft, is put to Death ®ft8*»- 
 
 toitfjouc all pitte. 9lfo, if anp m.w oifclefe their ferrets, efpeciallp in time of buarre.be receiuetb at a irmg ' 
 
 an bttno?etb blotoes on the backe nritb a bafiinabo, lapo on bp a tall fe!lot»,3!n like fo?t toben anp xifciofefc, 
 inferiours offeno in ought, tljep finue no fauotir at tbeir ftipcriours hanoes, but are puniujeo Voitb 
 
 grieiiousflripeS. 'Sbepatciopneb tit matrimonptoallin generall, pea, euen to their nearekinf' nauwa ofmw 
 
 folkes etcept tbeir mother, baugbter ano filler bp the mothers fioe. JFojtbep bfe to marrie tbeir " ,,nome » 
 fitter bp tbe fathers fise onelp,ano alfo tbe bflife of their father after In'sbeceafc. 'She ponger bjo s 
 
 Jbcralfo, o?fome other of bis kinojeb, tsbounotomarrp tbeboiSeofhtseioer bjotberoeceafeo, Andr«s6ut» 
 
 jr"o?,8t tbe time of our aboab in tbe countrep,a certaine buke of Ruflla nameo Andreas, teas accu* «f Rofl »- 
 feo before buke Baty fojconuepingtbe Tartars bo^fesbatoftheianb, anb fo? felling tbem too« 
 tbers: anb although it coulo nocbepiooueo,petbaasbeputtooeath. ©(sponger brother ano the 
 toife of tlje partp oeceafeb beating this, came $ maoe tbeir ftipplication bnto tlje fojcnameb buke t 
 
 tbas 
 
KiOinilons 
 tMOttious. 
 
 I ■ ■ ! ■ M— i ■ I r ii - 3 ' ' — pS 
 
 56 The Engliitri Voyages JSIauigations, TheTartars, 
 
 ■ — —————— — - — \ f . 1 — — 
 
 tliac tbe Duheoome of Ruflia nugljt not be taken from t tjcni. liiuc be commanocD (be poutb to mac 
 ricijia oecfafeDbjocberstoifejanorhetoomanaifoto take bim unto btr bufuano, arrowing to the 
 cuflome of t be Tartars. <§>be anf toerco, that Uje ban rat bet Die , tben To bapnouflp tranfgrttTt tbe 
 ialo. potobett, bee oeliuereo bee imtobim , alcl;ougb tbepbotlj refuto asmutb astbip coulo, 
 SLtljc tefo j e carping tbem to beo.tbep conltraf neo t be poutb, lamenting ano toccping.t o lie Dotone 
 ano commie inceft toitb bis bpi\)tx? toife. Co be (bo? t, after tbe Dcatb of ttjctr ijuf ban cs , t be Tar. 
 tars toiucs bfe be tp feloome to marrie tbe fecono time , tonteffe per baps Tome man tabes Ijis b?a« 
 tbers toife 01 bis flepmotber in manage, QDIjep make no Difference bettoeene tbe fonne of tbeu: 
 toife ano of tbeir concubine, but tfje fatber giucs tobat be plcafe tlj bnto eacb one : jf 01 of late the 
 Meiieh.jD»uy king of Georgia baaing ttoo Comics, one latofullp begotten calico Melich; but the other Dauid, 
 too njottjcre. jj 0?ne j n aoulcerie , at bis oeatb left part of bislanoewtto bis bafe fonne, hereupon Mclich (tin* 
 totobome tbe kingoome fell bp right ofhismotber , becaufeittoas gouerneo before time bptoo« 
 men) toent tonto tbe ffimperour ofthe Tartars, Dauid alfobauing taken bis iournep Imtobim. 
 ■ jftotoe botb of tbem comming to tbe court ano proffering large giftes,tbe fonne of tbe bar Jo t maoe 
 fuitc, chat be might Ijaue iuttice, aecojoing to tbe enff ome of tbe Tartars. 3&ell, fentenee paffe d a= 
 gainft M clich, tbat Dauid being bis eloer b?ot her, ftoulo banc fuperiojit ie oucr \>m, ano fbcula 
 quietlp ano peaeeablp pouefte (be portion of lano granteo bnto bim bp bis father, CObenfoeucr a 
 Tartar batb manptoiues, eacb one of tbem batbber family ami Dtoelling place bp berfelfe. 2no 
 fomceime tbe Tartar eatetb, ojinkctb ano itctb toitb one, ano fcirotime toitb another, ©re id 
 accompteo cbtcfe among tbe reft, toit b tobcm bee is of tenet tonuerfant, tben tui t Ij tbe other. 8 no 
 nottoiebflaiuringCas (t batb bin fa io) ttjcp ace manp,petoo t bep feloome fal out among tbemfelues* 
 
 Of their fuperflitious traditions. Q>ap.j. 
 
 BUt bp reafon of certain traoitions ,tobicb either tbep 0? fbeir pie&eceflo?s batie Beuifto,t&ep sc 
 comptfomtthingB inbiSerent to be faults, ©ne is to tbmlta knife into tbe fire,o? anp toap to 
 toucb tbe fire toitb a knife.oji toitb their knife to take fleuj out eft be eaulo&oj to hctoc toitb an bat* 
 cljct neare fcn to tbe fire, if 0? tljep think bp tbat means to take atoap tbe beab 0; fojee from tbe firr. 
 another is to leane Upon tbe tobip , to here toitb tbep beate tbeir bo?fe s: f 0? t hep t M not toitb fpurs. 
 aifo^o toucl;arrotoes toitb a tobip,to take 0; kill pong birpS,to fluke an bojfe toitb V ra '"c of tbeir 
 &MDle,anoto bjeake one bone againttanotber, Mo, to potoje out milke,meate, ojanpkinoe of 
 D^nke upon tbe gtoun^o; to make toater toit bin tbeir tabernacle: tobt'eb tobofocuer botb toilling' 
 lp,beis flame, butotbettotfebemufipapagreatfummeof monep totfceincbantertobepiirificrr, 
 CObo liketoife miifJ caufe tbe tabernacle toitb all tbings tberein.to pafle bettoeene ttoo ficrs. T5t* 
 fo?eitbe on tbistoifepuriScMo man oareonce enter tnMW,no?comsctgb anp tbingtbcrectit.Sc 1 
 floee,tf anp man batb a mo jfell ginen bim.tobicb be is not able to ftoalloto , ano fo; tbat caufe ca« 
 flet b it out of bis moutb,tbere is an bole tnaoe snoet bid tabernacle, bp tobicb bee is 0? atoen fo?tfj 
 anoflainetoitboutall compaulon. Liketoife, tobofoeumreaDstapontbetb?cfbolDofanpoftbeic 
 nukes tabemac!e«,be is put to oeatb, fpanp otber tbings tberebe, like bnto tbefe,tobicb tbep take 
 fo? beinous offences. 15 ut to flap men , to innaoe tbe Dominions of otber people , ano to rifle tbeic- 
 gooogpto tranfgreflc tbe commaunoements ano prohibitions of (Sob, ate toitb tbem no offences as 
 all. ^bepknotonotbtngconcerningeternalIltfe ] anDeuerlau1ngDamnatrsti,anDpetebeptbuike ! , 
 tbat after oeatb tbep (ball liue in anolbc r too?lc, tbat tbep ujall multinlp tbeir cat tell, tbat tbep Ebal 
 eate ano o;inke ano ooe otber tbings tobicb liuing men perform Ijere upon eartb.3 1 a neto moone, 
 0; a full moone.t bep begin all enterpnfes tbat tbep take in bans, ano tbep call tbe moone tbe Grcae 
 Emperour, ano too?0)ip it bpon tbeir knees. 911 men tbat abioe in tbeir tabernacles mult be pu« 
 rifieo toitb fire : SUtjicb purification is on tbis toife, ^Lbcp ktnole ttoo fires,ann pit clj ttoo 3aue« 
 lines into tbe gtouno necre bnto tbe faio fires.binoing a co^oe to tbe tops of tbe 3tauelines.3Bfta* 
 tftmfgw bouttbecb>etbep tpeccrtainetaggesof buckram, bnoertobicbco?oe,enobetto?tnstobicbfircs, 
 mcn,beaQes>ant> tabernacles DopafTe, € (jere llano ttoo toomen alfo, one on tbe rfgbt Gee, ano an* 
 otbcrontbeleftcaQingtoater,anbrepeatingcertainecbarmes, 3ifanpmanbeflaincbpligbtmng, 
 all tbat Dtorll in tbe fame tabernacle toitb bimmull pafle bp fitein maner afe;cfaio. jTo? tljeir ta« 
 bernacles, beos, ano cartes, tbcirfclcesano garments,ano tobatfocuer fucljtbingss tljcp baue.are 
 toucbeo bp no man,pca, ano are abanooneo bp all men as tbings bncleane. 9no to bee fljoj t, tljep 
 tbtnke tbat all tbings are to be purgeo bp fire, ^m fo?e 3 toben anp ambaflaoours, pn'nces, 0? « 
 tber perfonages tobatfoeucr tome bnto tbem, tbep ano tbeir gif res mud pafle bettoeene ttoo fires 
 to be purifieo,lefi peraouenture tljep ^aue p jactiff e fomc toit crjeraft, 0; baue bjougbc fome popfon 
 0; other mifc^iefe toit^ ujem. 
 
 Of 
 
 Qfyt T«t«re 
 too»(hipHl» 
 
 mnru. 
 
TbeTartars. Trafiiques,andDiicouenes. 57 
 
 Of the beginning of their empire or gouern- 
 
 mcnt. Chap./. 
 
 TU;c <Z£atf cotmtrfe, tohcrcof toee baue entreateo, toljirlj is calico Mongal, is rcpojtcD to Ijnue ^Bcp^vicof 
 baoofoloc time fourefojtes of people, ©neoftljcir companions toas calico Yeka Mongal, r " ta ""' 
 tljatisttic great Mongals. ^befeconDcompanptoa8caIleDSumongal,tbatis,tbeWater-Mon.. 
 gals.toljo calico tljcmfelues Tartars of a ccrtaine riucr running tljjouglj tbeir countrcp nameo 
 Tarcar. ©IjetljicD toaScalleoMetkat,flno tlje fourtlj Metric ail trjefe pccple Ijas cncanD t!je 
 fame pcrfon,attire of boDp ano language, albeit tljep toereoittioeD bppu'ncesano pjouinces. 3n 
 tbep?ouinceofYeka Mongal, tberetoas a cettaineman calico Chingis, "Cljts man becatnea ^I'eojtgiimt 
 migljtp bunter. tfo} be learnco to Ceale meit^ to take tljem fo? a pjap. ipe rangen into other roun= *f chiS' 01 '* 
 tries taking as manp captiues as be coulo, ano ioining tljem bnto bimfelfe. 3lfo Ijee allurco tbe 
 men of bis otone countrcp tonto Ijim, toljo fellotoco Ijtm as tbeir captaineano ringlcaocrto ooe 
 mtfcrjicfc* Chen began beto make toarrebpontbcSuraorigalso? Tartars, anoiletoe tljeir cap* 
 tainf , ano after manp conflicts, fuboueo tljem Unto bimfelfe , ano bjougbt tljem all into bondage, 
 SlftertoarD be bfeo tljeir belpe to figljt agatntt the Merkats,otneIIing bp tlje Tartars, tobom alfo Ijee 
 toanquifljeoinbattell, l&oceeoing from thence, be fought againB tfjc Metrites, ano conqucrco 
 tbem alfo. ©be Naimani bearing tljat Chingis toaS tints eraltcu, greatlpoifoeinco tljcrcat. jf o? %& Nainuni. 
 tbep ban a migljtp ? puilTant €mpcrour,bnta tobom all the f o?efaio nations papeo tributcSHljofe 
 fonncs.toljen be toaS oeao.fucceeoeo bim in Ijis^mpire. flpotobcit.being poungano foolifb, tbep 
 kneto not Ijotoe to goitcrne tlje people , but toere di'mocd, ano fell at bariance among tljemfclues* 
 
 .«oiu Chingis being cralteo.as is afo^efaictbepneuertljclcircinuaDeD tlje fo?enameo countries, OTicfttrcojuof 
 put tlje inhabitants to the ftoojo, anDcarrieoatoap tljeir gooos fc?a pjap, SBljiclj Chingis ba= 6 '«lK cn - 
 uing intelligence of, gatljerco all bis fubiccts together, ^Ije Naimani alfo.anDtljepeopkcalleD 
 KatakitayaircmbleoanobanoeDtljemfelues at a certnine IJraigbc baflep, toljere, after a battcll 
 fougbmt tljep toere toanquifljeo bp tlje Mongals. ano being tljus banquiujeo,tljep toerc,tljc grca* 
 tcrpart of tljem, flaine; ano otljers, tobiclj coulo not efcape, toere carrieo into captiuitie. 3[h tlje 
 lano of tlje fo?efapoKarakytayans,Occoday Cham, tlje fonne of Chingis Cham, after betoaS ° ccoi >y cham - 
 crcateo <£mpcrour,built a certatne citie,tobiclj be calico Chanyl. jfteare bnto toljiclj citie, on tlje 
 s§>outb fioe, tljetc is an ljuge oefert, toljerein toiloe men are certainelp repojtco to inbabite, tobiclj 
 cannot fpeake at aIl,anD are oettitutc of iopnts in tbeir Iegges , fo tljat if tljep fall, tljep cannot rife 
 alone bp tbemfclues, if)otobeit,tbcp are of oifcretion to make feltcs of Camels bat're, to&eretoitlj 
 tbep clotlje tijemfelues.ano tobiclj tljep botoe againff tbe toinoe. Ano if at anp time, tbe Tartars 
 purfuing tljem,cljance to toottno tljem toitlj tljeir arrotoes, tljep put Ijerbes into tljeir toount>s,ann 
 flpetrronglpbefojc tljem. 
 
 Of the mutuall vi&ories betweene them, and the 
 people of Kythay. Cbap$. 
 
 B Jilt tlje Mongals returning borne into tbeir otone countrcp, prepares themfetoestobatteHa* python $ p au , 
 gaintttlje * Kythayans : (KEtbiclj tbeir €mperot!rbearing,fetfo?toarD againtrthem toitb his ,u h sVe !; e c" S h al1 
 armie,anotfjepfougbtacrucil batteH,tobercintljeMongalstoereotiercomc,anD alltljcirnobles *™ 
 in thearnue.erceptfeuen, toere flaine. Sinofo?tbiscaufe, tobentbep, purpolTngtotnuaocanie 
 region, are tlj?eatneo bp tlje inhabitants tljereof to be flainc,tljep Doc, to tbis Dap,anftoere : in olo 
 time alfo our tobole number befioes being flaine,toeremapnco butfeuenofbs aliue, anopetnot^ 
 toitbaanoingtoearenotogrotocnbntoagreatmttltituoe, tbinke nottljerefoje tooaunt bs toitlj 
 fucb b?ags. 15ut Chingis ano tbe rcfioue tljat remaineo aliue,flco borne into tbeir countrep : 3nD 
 ljauingb?eatljeobtm a little, bepjepareo bimfelfe to toarre, and toent fo?tlj againll tlje people cal= ^ eto bicmlt * 
 IcoHuyri: -Cljefe men toere Cljnfliansof tbe feet ofNeflodus. Sno tbefe alfo tbe Mortals %«tne, 
 ottercame,anti receiueo letters o? learning from tljem : fo? befoje erjat time tljep bao not tlje arte 
 of to?iting,ano notoe tljep call it tbe batio o? lettersof tlje Mongals. 3JmmcDiateh> after, ljcemar= 
 cljeoagainif tbe countrep of Saruyur,ano of tlje Karanites, ano 8gatnfltbelanWHudirat;ali 
 toljicljljebanquifijeii. 'Kben returneo Ijeljome into Ijis otone countrep, ano bjeatbeo bimfelfe 
 3ftertoaro,au"embling bio toarlike troupes, tbep marcbeo toitlj one acco?o againtt tbe Kythayans* 
 ano toaging toarre toitlj tljem a longtime, tbep conqucrco a great part of tbeir lanb, ano ujut fin 
 tbeir £mperour intobis grcatcfl citie : tobiclj citie tbep Ijao fo long time bcftegeo.tbat tljep began 
 to tomitncceirarpp?otiifionfo? tbeir armie. anotoljentbephaono bictuals tofeeoebpon,Chin. 
 gisChamcommaunoeD bisfouloiers, tljat tljep fboutoeate euerp tentlj man of tlje companie. 
 
 "dm 
 
5 8 The Engliili Voyages,Nauigations, *Tbe Tartars. 
 
 tocmiimeA Bones toanteiitfe tt»cvb aiuer 3 atns cfpeciallpmeltcD Bluer ; fojtlje fame tttt'e abounoeDtoitlj 
 
 ticatiofftoiicB. greatncbcs, SUfo.tobcntbc Mongakljaofougbta longtimemiD coulo notpjtuaplcbptoarrc, 
 
 tiicpmaoe a great trcnclj vmperneatb tlje grouno from tbc armfeunto tljc mtoocfl of tbe citie, 
 
 auo there tffuing foo^tlj tbcp fougljt againll tbe citizens, ano the remnant alfo toiibcut tfje 
 
 toallcs fougljt in like manner. 3c latf,i^eakin2 open tlje gates of tbe citie, tbep entrco, ana 
 
 putting tljc ;£niperour , toitljmanp otfjcrtotbc ftoo?oe, tbep too&e poffeflion thereof anccoiv 
 
 uetgljeoatoap the goloe,filuer, auo allthc riches therein, Sno Ijatting appointcoccrtaincoepu« 
 
 tics oucr the countrep, tbep returnee home into their otonclanor. djisistbe firf! timc.tofcen 
 
 CKi^iscium t i, c Cmperour of tlje Kythayans being banqtitfbcii , Chingis Cham obtapneotlje Empire. 
 
 empEtout. !15ut fomc parte of tlje countrep , becaufe it Ipctlj toitbin tlje fea , tljep cculo bp no meancs ron« 
 
 ttnf<CK querc tonto this Dap, 'Cljc men of Kytay are pagans, hauingafpeciaiHunoe of uniting bp 
 
 tBapintDcfta. tbcntfclues, auo (as it is repojtco) tlje Scriptures of tlje oloeano netoe "ftctfament. tlty? 
 
 •amne'trea t fantlc a ^° r" ? 500 m bpflcsjics tlje liues of tljcir forefathers: ano tijep Ijauc Eremites, ano 
 
 tuertitsionof certaine Ijoufes roaoc after tbc manner of our Cburcljcs, tobicb intljofe Dnpcs tljep grcatlprt* 
 
 tijt catba y »ns. f j Cc0 jj nt0 , ^ijep fag tljat tljep Ijaue Diucrs Saints alfo, ano tbep toojtbtp one ©on, 'iEljep a« 
 
 Do?e ano reucrence CHRIST IESVS oucLojdc, anD bclceuethe article of ctcrnall life, 
 
 butarcnotbapti^eo, ^Ijcp Doe alfo Ijonourablpeftceme ano reucrcuce our Scriptures, ^hc? 
 
 lotie Chjiftians , ano hcttotoe mucljalmes , auo are a bcrp courteous ano gentlepeople, ^Lljcp 
 
 Ijaue no beatocs, ami tljep agree pattlp toitljtljt Mongalbin tbcDifpofitionof tbeir countenance. 
 
 «ritr(r(ittiicnt 3ln.all occupations tobicb men pjacttfe , there are not better artificers in tlje tobole toojloc, 
 
 tooi&aimtyi*., tljcir countrep is ercecoingtielj,in come, mine, goloe,C!he, ano other commooicies. 
 
 A 3 
 
 Of their warre agaioft India maior and 
 miner. Chaf.io, 
 
 jftDtobcnthcMongalstoitb tljciremperour Chingis Cham Ijao a luljile reffeo tbemfelucs 
 
 rafter tljc fo?efapo btcto?ie , tljepoiuioeo their armies, tfw tbe «£mperour Cent oneofhi* 
 
 T ^ , ^ 3nl " " fonncs namco Thoflut (toljom alfo thep calico Can,tljatigtofap,<!EmpcrGur)toitljaiiflTmte a« 
 
 gainft tljc people of Comania,to!jomfje ljanquifljeoiMitb mucb luacre,anD aftettoai'B returnco into 
 
 bisoU)necountrp,10utbefentljisotljtrfonne]a)ttbanatmieagain(ttbeInd'ans,toljoalfofubcuc& 
 
 Indiaminor. Ubhcfe Indians ate tljeblacUe Saracens, tobicb are aIfo calleD ^Ethiopians, 3>ut 
 
 here tlje arnuemarcbeofojtoarDtofigbtagaintteEbjifiians otoelltngin India maior. iKQbicbtbe 
 indiaminor mi). King of tljat countrep bearing (tobo iscommonlp calico Presbiteriohn) gatbercobis fouloiers- 
 bnen. togctljer.anocamcfoojtljagainfttljem, 3no making mens images of copper, be feteacb oftljent 
 
 upon afaoolc on ljo)Iebacl?e,auD put fire toitbin them, anoplaceDamantottljapaire ofbcllBtocfc 
 
 rt?hSa?f" ou tljC lj0 ? fe l,acbc l)e ^ atie euer P niiagc. 9no fo toitlj manp Ijoifes ano images in fuclj fo?te f ur« 
 India, nitbeo^ljcpmarcbeo on tofigbtagainlltbeMongalso? Tartars, 3no comming ncarebnto tlje 
 
 place of tlje battcll , tljep firK of all ftnt tljofe (jo?fes in o jocr one after ano tber. TS ut tlje men tljac 
 fate bcljinoIaioe31ttiote not toljatbpon tlje fire tuitljin tbetmages, ano Well) eronglpJuttljtljcii* 
 bellotocs. thereupon it came to paffe, that tbe men ano tbc rjojfcstoere burnt toitb toiloe Sre, 
 ano tljc ap?eUjasoar!IicneDtoitlj fmoafecEljentbe Indianscafl oartesbpon tbeTartars,of mljoni 
 manp lucre toounoeo ano flatn, 9no fo tbtp erpellco tljtm out ef tbeir Dominions toitfc great cou» 
 fution,neitbcrDiDbJebcare,tljat«icrtl)cprctutncotl)it^eragatne, 
 
 How being repelled bymonftrous men fhapen like dogs, 
 they oucrcame the people oiBurithabetb. Cbap.\i. 
 
 BCIt returning tljjougb tbe oeferts,tbep came into a certatne countrcp,m()ertn(3S ittoas rcpoj" 
 teoonto bs in tlje €mperours court, bp cercaine clergie men of Ru(fia,anootljers , lKijo teerc 
 jTeij'of terrain longtime among tbem^notbatbpftronganD CeofaS affirmation) tljep founocertalnemonttera 
 mertano ftogs. rcfembltng toomen : luljo being afkeo bp manp intrrpjeters.tobere tbe men of tljat Iano iuere,tbcy 
 anfmereo , tljatUabatfoeuerttiomentocre borne tljere, mere inoueouiitfj tlje Qjape of man-tooe, 
 but tljemales lucre iifee bnto oogges. 3no oelaping tbe time, in tbat countrep tljep met toitb 
 tbefaiDDoggesontbeotberfioe oftljetiuer, Sno in tlje miott ofujarpe mincer, tficp cnfitljcm* 
 felues into tbe toater : SlfterttarD tljep toallotoeo in tlje out! bpon tbe maine Iano, ano fo tlje ouft 
 being mingleo toitb toater, toas frozen to tbeir baches, ano Ijauing often times fo cone, tbe ice be* 
 ing ftronglp frozen bpon tljem,toitlj great furp tljep came to figljt againd tbe Tartars. 9no toben 
 tbc Tartars tbjetoe tljeiroattf s,o} lljottljeir arrotoes among thati,tbcprebounoeo baeKc againe, 
 
 as 
 
The'Tartars. TrafFiques,andDiicoueries. 59 
 
 as if thep hao iigljteo opanitoncs » uno the rclt ot their rceapons couIdc bpno uteanes hurt 
 
 them. {Jtttobcit, cbc Doggcs maoe an affault upon the Tartars , and toounDing fottie of them 
 
 toith their teeth, and fiaping others, at length thep Bjaue them out of their countries, 9m> 
 
 thereupon thep haue a L0?ouerbe of the fame matter, as pet rife among them, tohicb ttjtp 
 
 fpcake in idling fojte one to another; My father or my brother was flaine of Dogges, 
 
 ^he ttomen tttjtcljthep tookc, thep brought into their ottnc countrep, ttho rcmapned there 
 
 till their oping Dap. 9nd intratictlingljomettardcs, thefapoarmieofthe Mongals camcton* cut region of 
 
 to thelanoe of Burithaberh (tljetnljabitantjs lurjereof are pagans) and conquered tlje people in Bi »"i»b«h. 
 
 battcIU 'Eljefe people haueaflrange 0? rather a mifcrable feinde of cullome. ff 0? ttljenmiie 
 
 mans father Deceafeth,he affemblcth all his fcindjed, anD thep eate himXbefe men haue no bearDs ^6* manners! 
 
 atall, fojttefattthcmcarieacertame iron indrument in their rjant>p,torjeretoitrj,tf anp Ijaires of * ( ?"*'*• 
 
 grottc upon their chtnnc.theppjefentrppIucRe them out, 'Srjep are alfobcrpdefonned, if rem 
 
 thence the Tartars armie returned to their ottnc home. 
 
 How they had the repulfe at the Qtfpian moun* 
 taynes, and were driuen backebymen 
 
 dwelling in caues, Chap.xi, 
 
 M©?eouerChiogis Cham, at the fame time tohen he fent other armjes againfl! the Caff, hee ^'J^K'i 
 himfelfe marcljed With a potter into the lanDe of Kcrgis, ttljich notttithttanding, he con-- 
 qitereo not iu that crpedttioii,and as it ttag rcpojfeo tin to us ,!je ttent on fojtoarD euen to the Call 
 pianmountames. 15ut the mountaines on that part tthere thep encamped chemfelues, ttere of 
 aoamant.anD therefore thep Djcttbnto them their arrotoes, and toeaponsofiron. Sno certaine 
 men contained ttitljin thole Cafpian mountapnes, hearing, as it ttas thought, the nopfeof 
 the armie, madea breach though, fo that tohen the Tartars returned Santo the fame place tenne 
 pecres after, thep founothe motmtaine fyofeen, 3nD attempting to gee onto them, thep coula 
 not : foi there ffooo a clouo befojc them, bepono tohicb thep ttere not able to uatfe, being oepjiuco 
 of their tight fo foone as thep appjocijed thereunte,73ut thep on the contrarp fide t&inking that the 
 Tartars durff not come nig!) them.gatte the affault, jtoljentbep came at the cloud, thep could noc 
 proceed fo; the caufeafojefaid.atfo the Tartars,befo?e thep came unto the fain mountaines.pafieB 
 fo; the (pace of a manctlj ano mo?e,tlj?ough a »atl ttilocrnes,? Departing thence tottaros tlje Calf, 
 thep ttere aboue ameneth trauciling though another hugeDefett.&t Icngth,thep came bntoa lano 
 to h er in t he p fa to beaten ttaies,but could not fine anp people^ ottbei t,at the latt,diligen tip feeking, 
 thep found a man $ his totfe,tohom thep pjefented befoje Chingis Cham: anD DemanDing of them 
 ttl;ere the people of that count rep ttere,tbcp anfttered,that the people inhabited Dtmer the grouno 
 in mountainS.Chen Cbingis Cham Keeping Bill the tooman,fent her hufbano onto chf,giuing tlje 
 charge to come at his command, and going onto them, he declared all things that Chingis Cham 
 had commanocD them, TSutthepanftoered, that thep toouldbponfuch a dap btGtehim.tofatiffie 
 hisdcfire, 3no in themeanefeafon,bp blinoe f hiDDenpalfages unoer the earth.airemblingthtm" 
 felucs, thep came againtr tlje Tartars in ttarlike manner, anD fuDDenlpiiTmngfojth, thep flette 
 agreatntimbfrofthem.^hispeopletoerenotabletoenDttretlieterriblenoife.tthichinthatplace 
 tlje ^>unne maoe at hisbpjiCng: fo? at tlje time of the &unneriung, thepttere info?ceDto laponc « fabnioaa 
 eai-cbponthegrounD.anDtotloppetheotljei; dofe, leall thep lljoulo Ijearetljat D?eaDfull found, n«"ationof 
 Neither coulD thep foefcape, fo? faptljismeanesmanp of them ttere deflropeo. Chingis Cham ,!),ll,nt ' Gn B' 
 tljerefojeanD his companp,feetng that thep p?cuailc6not,butcontintiallplofl fomeoftbeicnum* 
 Ler,fleDanDDepartcD outof that lanD. T5vtt the man anD his toifeafojefaidthepcaried along toith 
 them.ttho all tljeirlife time continucoin tlje Tartars countrcp, 'Being demaunbed totjp tlje men of 
 their countrep doe inhabite under tlje grduttd,thep fapo, that at a certeine time of tlje peace , tohen 
 the funnc rifetlj, there is fuch an ljuge nopfe, that the people cannot endure it, £©o?eouer, thep bfe 
 to plap upon cpmbals,d?ums,anD other rauGcall inGtumcnts,tothe ende thep map not Ijeatethag 
 found/* 
 
 Of the ftatutes ofQnngis Cham pi his death, 
 ofbisfonncs,and of his dukes. Cbap.ii. 
 
 B51t as Chingis Cham returned out of that countrep ^jis people toantedbictuafe,? fuffereo eic« 
 treme famin, Hljen bp chance the? found § freuj intrails of a beaff: tohich tljcp tooRe,$ catling 
 atoapthedungtljerof,caufedittobefooden,b?ought it before Chingis Cham,$dideatthcrof,3nD ^ tU ^ tii 
 deceupon Chingis Cham eoacted; tljatneu^ec tlje blood, no? t^emttails, no jatnjotljet part of a aingi* 
 
 J!i 
 
f 
 
 ■■■■■ ■ i i—— ^ i ■ i ■ »mt- 
 
 6 o The Englifli Voyages^auigations, TheTartars. 
 
 <Th« teat]} of 
 
 Chutes. 
 Ilia (aunts. 
 
 Hip grmw&» 
 cjjtlDicn. 
 
 •3T(ie Tartarian 
 tmtiie. 
 
 gtttfflbfofiMt 
 anDloiDlptw 
 million of r^ie 
 Tartarian ©in.' 
 
 pCIOUt OUt! 
 
 Susfubucts, 
 
 beafl u>i)ic(j might be eaten , Iboulo foe caB atoap , faue onelp the btingc. CQfoerefoje foe retutnen 
 thence into his otone lanfo, anD there be o?oapneo latocs ant) ftatut cs , tobich the Tartars uoe mcU 
 flrictlp anDinutolablpobferuc.of the tobich toe bane before fpoken, Upe toas aftcrtoarb flame bp 
 a tbunoerclap. l()e ban foute fonnes : tbe Brit was calleo Occoday , tbe fecontj Thoflut Can, tbe 
 tbtro Thiaday : tbe name of tbe fourth is bnknoto cn.> from tfoe fc fouce befcenoeo all tlje bukrs 
 of tbe MoDgals. 'fcbe Brfl fonne of Occoday isCuync, tobo is note Cmperour : bis brothers be 
 Coden anD Chyrincn. ChefbnneSof Thoflut Can are Bathy, Ordu,Siba,anD Bora. Eathy, 
 nett bnto tbe €mperour, is ctcrjet ano migbtier tben all tbe tell, 15ut Ordu is tbe feipio? of all 
 theDukeS.^be fonnes of Thiaday be Hurin anD Cadan.'Ebe Tonnes of Chingis ChambiB Otbet 
 fonne,toljofe name is bnknotoen,are Mcngu.Bithat.ano certaine others, 'SLbe mother of Mengu 
 teas namebScro(5tan,anD of all others moB bonoureo among tbe Tartars , ercept tbe «Empero?S 
 mocher,anD migbtier tben anp fubieet ercept Bathy. 'Chefe be tlje names of tbe Dukes:Ordu,te&o 
 toag in Poland anb tn Hungar ie: Bathy alfo f Hurin $ Cadan,anb Siban.anD Ouygat,all tobitrj 
 toere in Hungaric. 3In like maner Cyrpodan,tobo is as pet bepono tbe fea, making toar againO 
 certaine feoloans of tbe Saracens, ano other inhabitants of farre countries* 2D there remaineb in 
 tljelanO^SnamelpMengu,Chyrincn,Hubilai,Sinocur,Cara,Gay,Sybcdey,Bo»*B«ca > Cor» 
 renfa. <£.hcre be manp other of tbeir Dukcs,tohofe names are bnknotoenbnto w, 
 
 Of the authoritic oftheEmperour, and of 
 hisdukes. Cbap.14. 
 
 M©?eoajr,tbeCmpcrour of tbe Tartan bath a toonberfull Dominion oner all fjijtfttbiecrs. 
 jro? no man Dare abtoe in anp place,bnles be hath alfigneD him to be there. SUfo be btmfelfe 
 appointetb to bi&Dukcs where tbep fljoulo inbabite. Liketoife tbe auhes affigne places but cue> 
 rp gpillenarie.ojconoucterof atboufano foulDiers, tbe Millenaries bn to each raptame of an 1 00. 
 thecaptaineSbntocucrpcojpojaU'of ten. Iftbatfoeucris giuen tbcm in charge, tobenfocuer.o? 
 toberefoeuer, be it to Sgbt 0; to loft tbetr liucs, oj batofoeuer it be, tbep obep toitbout anp gainfap* 
 ing, ^ojiifbeoemanDCtbanpmansDaugbter^fifltr being a birgine, tbep pjefentlp Deliticrhec 
 tmto bim toit bo ut all contraoiction : pea,oftcn times be makesa collection of birgines t bjougho u§ 
 all tbe Tartars Dominions.anb tbofe tobotn be meanes to keepe, be retainetb bnto himfelfe, others 
 %e ueflotoeth bpon bis men, aifo,tobat foeucr metfenger be fenDetb.ojt tohit her focues,bfe fubtert s 
 mufttoitbotttbelapfinDe tbcm bo?fes ano other neceffaries, 3 n like fojte, fnmtohac country 
 foeuer tribute papers,o]tamballaDourseome bnto bim, tbep n.Kflhauehojfes, carriages, anber* 
 penf es allotoeD tbem.tfto ttoit bSanbing ambattabours comming from other places Do ftiffer great 
 miferp.anb are inmucbtoante both of btctuals,anb of apparel j efpcciallplubcn tbep come to anp 
 oftbeouhes,anDtbere tbep are conQrapneo to maftefome lingering aboDr, ^Lbentenmenareal« 
 lo uieo To little fuCtenance, that fcarcelp ttto coulD liue thereof, 1 ftettrifc, if anp iniuries be otte> 
 reD tbem,tbep cannot toitbout Danger make complaint. Spanp gifts alfo are Dcmaunoco of tbem, 
 both bp bukes ano otheE0,tobtcb if tbep Doe not be(toto,tbep are bafelp efleemeb,anD fet atnougbr, 
 ano hereupon, tueebaere of neceffttie enfojceo tobettotue in gifted a greatpart of tboft things 
 iuhiclj toere giuenbsbp toeltoifpofeb people, tobefrap our charges* ^0 be fijo^all things are fo 
 in tbe potter anDpoirctfiottBf the Cmperour, tbatnflmanDarefap,Thisisminc,o?, this ismy 
 neighbours; butall.bot^gooDsi.cattellanDmenarefjtsotone, Concerning tljts matter alfo be 
 pubUfbebaflatuteoffate. ^hebcr^ lame aatho?itp anDturifDictton > Doe tljeDukcstnliitcfojte 
 (jrercife bpon tljeir fubieet^ 
 
 Of the election of Empcrour Occoday, and of the 
 expedition of duke Bathy. chaf.i^. 
 
 [««"' * jftertbeBeatb of Chingis Cham afo?efapD,tbe Dukes auembleDtbemfelueii anD cljofeOc- 
 arrjit. ^/-Y. coc ] a y. ^^ f onne to tie tbctc^mperouc. 9nDbe,cnteringintoconftrltationtoitbbisnoblcs, 
 of BaSf w,ia »toeD bis arraies,anD fent ouke Bathy W nepbeto againfl tbe countrieof AltifoIdan,anD againtt 
 tbe people calleD Bifcrmini,tobO toere Saracens, but fpake tbe language Of Comania. %\)l 
 Tartars inuaDing their countrep , fought toitb them anD fubDueo them ia battel. 55ut a 
 certeine citie calleo Barchin refitleDtbemalongtime. 5Te? tbe citijcnsbaDcaBbp manp Ditches 
 ano trenches about tbeir citie, in regaro tobereof tbe Tartars coulb not take it, till tljep bao fil^ 
 leotbefaiD Ditches, T5ut the citizens of Sarguit bearing this, came foojtbto meete tbcm, peel* 
 Ding themfelues bnto tbcm of their otone acco?b. 2Hbereupon tbetr citie toasnot DeflropeD, 
 but tbep flue manic oftiem ano others thejcarrijD atoapcaptiue.ano taking fpoplcM&epftllcD 
 
 ejeirbatba* 
 
 50MBinl)iiiniu 
 tunc 10UW1D8 
 
 Oceodayfucttt' 
 BttfJJliB" 
 
 Cfti cititof 
 Batshin. 
 
'fbeTartars. Traffiques,andDiicouenes. 61 
 
 tljecuie umbocoectnbaOicaius, ano to marcbeo ftuucljagauitt tlje cicte ofOrna. Sljis totonc 
 teas oerp populous ano ctcceoingricb. tfoj tljerefcjc re manpCbjifltanstbereuwa namslpGa- '"" 
 faiians, Ruffians, anO Alanians,mitlj Otijcrs, anO Saracens alfo* Cljegouemment oftljecittC 
 mas in ifje Saracens banoe. JtftanDetbbponamigbtpriucrj anoisakmDe of po?te totone , I;.t 
 uing a great matte crercifeo tljrrein. ano toljen trje Tartars roulD not otberorife ouerccme it, 
 thepturueotbefaiDriuer, running tlnougljtbecitie, cutofljiscbanell, ano foDjottmco tbe ci« 
 tie toiti) tlje inljabitautes ano tijeir gocos, OLKjtco being Done, tbep fct fortoaro againfi Ruflia, 
 auomaoefouleljauocketbere, otttroping cities ano caaiesanomurtbering tbe people. ®bcp 
 lapo fiegealongtufjilebntoKiowtrjc cljiefecitie of Ruflia, anoatlengtb tbeptookcit ano Hue 
 trje citizens. a2J&ereupou,tcauetlingtb?otigb tljat countrep, mce founo an innumerable multi= 
 tune of DeaD mens fkulles ano bones Iping open tbe earcij, ifo?ic teas aberp large ano a pepu« 
 Inns citic, butitisnomeina mancrbjougbttonotbing: fojtbcrcDoefcarceremainezoo.bou* 
 fes, tbeinljabitantstorjeceofare&cptin ertreamebonDage. Sgjcjeoucr, out of Ruflia ano Co- 
 mama, tbcpp?oceeoeDfo?marDagain{rtbc Hungarians, ano the Polonians, ano trjercmanie of 
 tbemmerefiaine.asisafo^faiD.'aiiDljao tbe Hungarians manfuUptoitbffooDtbem, tlje Tartars 
 IjaobecneconfomiDeoanDDjiuenbacke. Returning from thence, tbep inuaoeo tlje countrep of 
 tbe Morduans being pagan&ano conquereo tbem in battell. ^ben tbep marcbeo againfl tbe peo* «- &« Madm*. 
 pie calleo Byleri,oj Bulgaria magna,? otterlproaflco tbe countrep. JFrom benec tljcppjoceeoeo Euigarinpsgni. 
 to]a)arD3 tbe .©ojtljagainlt the people calleo Baftarci o? Hungaria magna, auo conquereo tljem Hungaumagn* 
 alio, !3no fo going on further J2o?tb, cbepcamcOMotbeParoflita^mbobaumgltttleltcmacks 
 anofinallmoutbcs.eatenotanptbingat all, but Teething flcQj tbep flano si fittcoucr tlje potte, "" "*' 
 ano rcceiuingtbe.tfeameo?fmoke thereof, aretbereuHtbonelpncuriujeD, ano if tbep rate anie 
 tbing it is Oerp little. JFrom bence tbep came tculje S amoget?, toho liue onelp rjpon bunting.ano samogn*. 
 Ofe to Dmell in tabernacles onelp, ano to toearc garments maoe of beafies fkinnes. jf rom t Ijence 
 tbep p?ocecoco Onto a countrep Ipingopon tlje ©ceanfea, tuljeretbep founo certaine mcnUers, fX® 01 ^ 
 toljo inaUtbmgsrefembleotbelJjapeof men, fauingtbattbeirfecte mere like tbefeeteof snore, 
 ano thep bao in oecoe mens \)i aos but oogges faces, ^(jep fpake,as it mere ,rii)o too? ns I i ft e men, ja •» trnrng 
 but at tlje tbiro tbep barkeo like oogges. St torn fjwee cijcp re tireo into Comania, ano tljere fome mo " actB - 
 of themremame onto this oap. 
 
 Of the expedition of duke Qrpodan. Q?ap. 1 6. 
 
 A% tbe fame time Occoday Can Cent Duke Cyrpodantuitljan armie agatutt Kergis.mho al= *"&> 
 to fuboueo tbem in battell. ^beCe men are pagans, Ijauing no bearoes at all. ®!jep baue 
 a cullomc totyn anp of etjeir facljers oie.foj gtiefe ano in token of lamentation to ojawe as it tucr^, 
 aleatbcrtljong ouertljmart tljcirfates,from oneeare to tbe otljer. 'SLbffrnation being conquereo, 
 Duke Cyrpodan marcljeo tottljbisicjce3!§>outljnjarD againtf the Armenians, ano crauatling 
 tljjougb certain oefert places, tljep founo monfters in tbe fijape of men,tohich ba& each of tbem but 
 one arme 9 one bano groiaing out of tbemioft of tbeir b?eatt,ano but one foote. %\aa of tljem ofen 
 to ujoote in one borne, ano tljep ran fo fujiftlp,tljat bojfes coulo not ouertake tbem.^ljep ran alfo 
 Upon tbat one foote bp bopping ano leaping, anobeingmearp of fuclj toalking, tbeptacntopon 
 tbeir IjanD ano tbeir foote, turning tbemfeluetsrouno, as it mere in acircle. 3no being loearieof 
 foooing, tljepranagatneacco^ingtotbeirtoonteomanner, IfidorccaUetb.tbsi«Cyclopedes. Cy do(.c*j, 
 ano as it teas tolo 'os in court, bptbe clergie men of Ruflia, mljoremainetottb tbe fojefapo «cm» 
 perour , manp ambalTaooursmere fent from tljem onto tlje Cmperours court, to obtatnc peace. 
 JFrom tljence tljep pjoceeoeo fo?tlj into Armenia, tobicb tbep conquereo in battell, ano part alfo of 
 Georgia. 3no tbe ottjer part isbitotr tbeir iurifoiction, paping as pet euerppeare onto tbem fo? Am.cn; a ff-o tnr . 
 tribute, loooo.pieces of copnecalleoYperpcra. f rom tljence tljcpmarcbeb into tijecomtnions giaco " a " c " i '- 
 oftbepuiOantanoraigbtpgiolDancalleDDeurum.ojbom alfo tbep oanquiftjfo in figbr. ano to _,, J 
 be ujo?t,tljep toent on fartber fatking ano tonquering, cuen onto tlje !§>oloan of Aleppo bis ocmi= S^^tana 
 nions.anonom tbep baue fuboueo tbatlanoaifo,oeterminingtoinuaDeotbercountrtes bepono it: 
 neitbec returneo tljep aftertoaro into tbeir otenelano Onto tbis oap. itiktmife tlje fame armie 
 marcbeoformarOagainiJtbeCaliphofBaldach bis countrep, mbicljtbrp fuboueo alfo,? mem mtcafywt 
 at bis banoes tlje oaplie tribute of 400. Byzantines, bEliaes Baldakincs ano otljer giftes. 8lfa c> EalJscb * 
 ttcrp peare tbep feno meOTengers Onto tlje Caliph mouing bim to come onto tbem, ffittbo fenoing 
 back great gifts togetljer toitb bis tribute befeecljetb tbe to be fauourable bnto bim, J^otolieii; tije 
 Tartarian Cmperour receiuetl; al bis gifts,? pet Sill neuertbeles fenojs foj ljim,to baue bim com-, 
 
 F Hov/ 
 
6i TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, TheTartars. 
 
 How the Tartars behaue themfelues in wajre. Chap. 1 7. 
 
 «uc mitttarp go Hingis Cham duu'dcd Iji-s Tartars bp captainess of ten, captaines of an 100. aim Ctiptaines of 
 SiSt!**** x_>a 1000. anoouerten Millenaries o? captains of a iooo,beplaceD,a8 it tocre,onc Colonel, 
 ano pet nottoitbftanDing otter one tobole annie tje autbojjfeD ttoo 0? tljjec Dukes, but pet fo tljat ail 
 fljoulo Ijane cfpcciall regard onto one of tlje faio Dukes. Sno tohen tljep ioine battel againft anp 0= 
 tljer nation,bnIes tljep do all toitb one confent giuc backCjCuerp man that flies is put to Death. 9uD 
 if one o) ttoo.o? mo?e of ten pjoceeo manfiillp to the battel.but ttje rcfioue of tbofe ten D?ato backe 
 t? follott) not tlje companp,tbep are in likcmanerflaine. &llb,if one among; ten 0; mo?e bee takeiv 
 their fcliotocs,if tbcp refcue tbenot,arc puniRjeo toitljDcatb, Sl9o?coucr tbep arc enioincDto baue 
 sijcittucApga tljeletocaponsfollotoing.CtooIongbotoesopiegooDoneattbelcatt, tb?eequiiters full of ar* 
 rotoes,? one are,anD ropes to D?ato engines toitbal. TSnt the richer fo?t ljaue (ingle eogeo ftoojDg, 
 tottlj fljarpc points, ano fomctobat crookeD.djep Ijaue alfo armco bojfes toitlj their bjoulDers ano 
 bjeaftgDefenceo, tbep baue helmets atio b?iganDttics. <§>omc of tljem (jane iackes, ano caparifons 
 fo? their Ijojfes maoe of leather artificial!? Doubleb 0} trebleo upon their booics, Che upper pare 
 of their helmet is of iron oj Qeele,but that part toljiclj compafletb about the nccke ano the tb?oatc is 
 of leather, {jpotobeitfomeofthem baue all their fojcfaiDefurnitureofironframcDinmancr foI« 
 lotoing, Chep beatc out many tbmne plates a finger b?oaD,atiD a banDful long.ano malting in ette= 
 rp one of them eight little bolcs,tbep put thereunto tb jce firong ano (freight leather thongs, <§>a 
 tljep iainc the plates one to anotber,as it toerc,nfrenDing bp Degrees. 'Chen tbcp tie the plates un* 
 to the faio tbongs,toitlj other fmall attDflenoer tbongs,D;iatocn tb?ougb the holes afo?cfapo, ano m 
 the upper part.on each Roe tberof,tbep fallen one fmallDoubleo t jjong bnto anotbcr,tbat the plates 
 mapfirmrlpbcknittogctber, Cbefe tbcpmake,astoellfb? tljeirljo^fes caparifons, as to?ttjear= 
 mour of their men : 9no tljep fkotoje them fo b?igijt that a man map bcbolD his face in tljem.feome 
 of thembpon the nccke of their launce (jaue an booke , toheretottball tljep attempt to pull men otic 
 of tfjeir faooics. CbchcaDSof their arrotocs are ercccbinglp fijarpe ctittingbotlj toapes like a 
 ttoo ebgcD ftoojoe, anD tbep altoaies carie a file in tljcir quitters to tohet their arrotobcaos. Che? 
 Ijattc targets maDcoftoickers,ojoffmallroDDC0. H)otobcit tljep Doenot(a8toefuppofe)accti« 
 •shf ir f umb Gome to carrie them, bu t onelp about tlje tents,o? in the <£mperourg 0? Dukes gttarocs, $ that enlp 
 enccscmmiitg in the night feafon. "Cljep are moll politique in toarrcs,batting bene ercrcifeD therein toitlj other 
 in wattes, nations fo; tlje fpaceoftbefe^.peres. aailjcntbcpcome at auprtuers,tbecljicfemen of the com* 
 ■3ii)cirinancr panp b niearottnD anoligljt piece oflcatber, about the borers tobcrcof makingmanpIoopcs,tljep 
 rutcrs! 00 wut put a rope into them to Djabie it together like a putfe, auDfob?ingitintotljerotinDefo?incof a 
 ball , toljich leather tljep fill toitlj their garments and other ncccflaries,. trtuTmg it bp mod flceng* 
 Ip. 15utbpoutljetniDfloftlje bpper parte thereof, tbcp lap their faDDles anbotljer haro things, 
 there alfo Doe the men themfelues fit. Cbis their boate tbcp tpe Unto anbo?fetapIe,cau!Inga 
 man to ftuimme befoje, $ to guioe oucr tlje Ijojfe, 0? fomcttme t bep Ijaue ttoo oares to roto tljem* 
 fellies ouer. djefirltho?fttherefojebeingD?iaeninto tljetoater, alltheotljerljojfc^ of ttjccom# 
 panp follatoe him, anD fo tbep paffeth?otigljtIje riuer. 13ttttbe poo?erfo?t of common fouloiers 
 ljaue euerp man bis leather bag 0; f acljcll toell folnen together,tobcrin be packs bp all ljis trinkets, 
 auDaronglp tcufft«o;u up Ijangs ft at Ijis tjojfep taple,ant» fopatTetrj ouer^ ui mancc afojefaw, 
 
 Howe they may be refifted. Chap 1 8. 
 
 Deeme not anp one kingDcme 0? p?otitncc able to refill them : becaufe the? bfe to take bp 
 
 . fouloiers out of euerp countrep of their Dominions. 9nDif fobetlje netghbotirpjouinceBJljicb> 
 
 tbep inuaDe.toilnot aioe tbem^tcerlp baatting it,toitb tlje inhabitantsthcrof.tohDm tbep take from 
 
 tbence boitlj them, tljep pjoceeo on to fight againtt another countrep. 2no placing their captiues in 
 
 <toHiifci ooiu the forefront of the battcll, if tbep fight not couragiouflp , tljep put tljem to the ftoo?De, 8LTbcrc» 
 
 % fmttm ut fo ? c 3 «f CljMtlians toottlo baithflanDe tljem, it is erpcDtent, that the pjomnceSanD gouernours of 
 
 Tatars. countrcics QjoulD agree in one,anD fo bp common counfell, ftjoulD giue thf in rcfiftanre. Cheir 
 
 fouloiers alfo mufl be furniujeo toatlj Crong Ijano-bouies a; crof-bouies, toljiclj tbcp greatlp D?eao, 
 
 9 mid) fufficiet arrotoes,U)itlj maces alfo of gooD iron,o j an are toitb a long Ijanole oj ftaffe. ^tljew 
 
 a mtMt um- tljep make their atroba heabs.tljep mutt(acco?Ding to p Tartars cuflome)Dip tlje reo-hot into toattc 1 
 
 i«t of iron oj mingicD toitb falte,that tljepmap be flrong to pierce tbe enemies armour.djep that toil map baue 
 
 ftoo?os alfo 9 lances toitb books at the enos.to pull the from their faDDles ,out of tohicb tljep are ea* 
 
 ftlte remoueD.Chep mud ljaue helmets liketoife trotljer armour to oefcnD thcfelues ertbeirho?fe* 
 
 fro the Tartars toeapows t?atrotoes,f t{jej> that are unarmeDjnuiRCafco^ins to j? Tartars cufiome) 
 
 I! 
 
TheTartars. Traffiques,and Difcbueries. 6^ 
 
 marclj behuiDC their feilotucs.ann oifctjargc at tlje cnemie lutttj long battes ar.D crof-botoes. 3nn 
 (as it is aboue fain of the Tarcais) they mutt ojaerlp oifpofe their topes ana ttoupes,mio ojoeine 
 latocs ft \ their foulniers. <KJbofceucr runneth to the p; ap o? fpople, before the aictojie be air hie* 
 tico.mufi nnnergoe a mottfettere uumfbmcnt, iFo? fitch a fclloto is put toacath among the Tartars 
 toitijoutallpiticojmercie. ©he place ofbattel muff be chofen, if itbcpclublc, inaplame Seine, 
 tobcrethepmapfecrouno about, neither mutt all be in one companp, but in manic ann fcucrall 
 bannciS, not aerp farre njttant one from another. ©hep tobiclj gtue the firfl encounter mug fenne 
 one bant' before, ann mutt bauc another in a reanpneffc to relteue ann fcronn the fomtcr m time 
 ronttcnicnt. ©hep mutt hattefpics alfo on cucrp fine to giuethem notice tohen the rettofthecne* 
 mies bannesappjecb. JTo? therefore ought thepaltoapes to fcncfojthbannagamCbann eetroupe 
 againtttroupc.bccaufc the Tartar euer p?accifeth to gettc l)is cnemie in tlje miott ann fo to enuircn 
 him, Let our banns take this caueat aIfo, if the encmie retire, not to make anp long purfuit after 
 bim,Iettperanuenture(acco?ningtohiscuttomc) he might n?ato them into fomefecretambufij : 
 fo? the Tartar fight mo?e bp policie then bp mainc fo?ee . Sno againe, left our bejfes bee tiren : f o? 
 toe are not fo toell So?tn toitlj hojfcs as they, ©hofe bojfestohicb the Tartars sfe one nap, tljcp 
 tine not npontb?eeojfourcnapcsafter, SfFtojeouer.ifthe Tartars njatobomctoaw,our men mutt 
 not therefore nepart ann caffeir their bannes , o? fcparate tbemfelucs afunaer : becaufe tljcp noe • 
 tljis bpon po!icie,nameIp toljaueour armie niuinen, that chep map moje fecurelp inttanc ann ruattc 
 the countrep. Sinn in Deep neene, our captaincs ought both nap ann nighc to keepe their armie in a 
 reanines: ann not to lie our of their armour, butataIl£ltapcE,tobeep?ottiDcnfojbattcII. .fo? 
 the Tartars like niucls are altoaies matching ann neuiKnghptoe topjaettfeniifchicfc, further 
 mo?e , if in ba ttell anp of the Tartars be catt off their hojfe backes , tljep mutt pjcfcntlp bee lapn 
 holce on ann taken, fo? being on foote tljep ujoote ttronglp, tootmniiig ann killing both hojfcs 
 aim men, 
 
 Oftheiourneyoffrier*Io/;Mvnto the firft guard •iow^u- 
 
 J O no Cprpiru, 
 
 or the Tartars, Cbap.ip. 
 
 W£ therefo?cbptueccmmaunacmcntoftlje feaapottoliquefettmgfoojthtotonrns tljcna* 
 ttoitS of the Catt.chofcfirttto tt&ucinnto theTartars 3 becaufe toe fearecthat there might ^ (l( . immt p 
 be great Danger imminent bpotube Church of<3onncrtnnto them, bp their inuafions. p?ocee* Dfrweriohns 
 ning on therefore, toe came to the king of Bohemia, toho being of our familinracquaintance, an* j^sf 01 " . 
 tnfco as to take our iottrncp through Poloniaann Rufna, jf oj toe hnakinffolkcsin Polonia , bp 
 toljofe affiffance, toe might enter into Ruffia, Ratling giuenas his lettersjjee caufeo our charges 
 alfo to be nefrapeo,in all his cljicfe Ijoufcs ann citics,till toe came bnto his nepljcto Bole flaus nuke 
 of Slefia,toljo alfo toas familiar ann toell knotoen bnto as, 'She like fauotir Ije fhetoen Ms alfo, till *° !^ I ) , a , ; t,,,Re 
 toee came auto Conradus nuke of *Lautifcia, bnto tohomethen (bp ©oas efpeciall fauourto= "MaxVua, 
 toarnsbs)lojnvVafiliconuke of Ruffiatoascome,from toljofe mouth toe hcarnmojeat large co* 
 ceming tljencencs of tlje Tartars : foj he ban fent ambaffaDottrs tljitljcr,toljo toere retttrnea backe 
 anto him. SHbcrefo?c,it being giuen bs to nnnerttaiu>,tbat toe mutt bettoto gtftcs upon them.toe 
 caufen certainefimmes of beuers ann otljer beattestcclje bought toitlj part of that moncp,tohiclj 
 toas giuen upon almes to fuccour bs bp tlje toap, SHljich thing nuke Conradus ann tlje *cuchcs "ctimflaua. 
 of Cracow, annabtfljop, ann certamefoulnicrs being anutrtifen of, gauebsliketoifemo^eof tlje 
 fame f kins, ann to be Gjojt.nuke Wafihco being earnettlp rcq,ueflcnbp the nuke of Cracow, ann 
 bp the bi'Jjop ann barons.on out behalfe, connttctcn bs toitlj him, anto his otone lana, ann there fo? 
 ccrtainc naies,entcrteiiicn bs at his otone charges , to the ennc thattoc might refrcQ) our felucs a 
 toljile. ann tobei^beingrequcttcn bpas, Ije Ijan caufen Ijis biujops to rcfo?t bnto him, toe reane bc= 
 foje them the ^opes Iettcrs,anmoniu)ing tljem to returnebnto thebnitie of tlje Church. <€o tlje 
 fame purpofe alfo,toe cur felues anmonifhen tljem, ann to our abilitie, innucen as toell the nuke as 
 the biiljops ann others tbereunto.U)otobeit becaufe nuke Daniel tlje bwthcr of Wafilico afojefain Dm « 11 6im?« 
 (hauing as then taken his tournep bnto Baty) toas abfent, tljep coulo not at tljat time,make a Snail l,nt0 Wa^ ' 1 ' co • 
 anftoere. after tljefe things nuke Wafilico fentas fojtoaro toitlj one ofljisferuants as farre as 
 Kiow thecljiefe citie of Ruffia. l^otobeittoetoent altoapesin Danger ofourliues bp reafenof tlje 
 Lituanians.toljonin often inuane f bo?ners of RuiTia,euenin chofeberie places bptoijicb toe toere ^hs Lil h ua nian* 
 topaffe. l0utinregarnofttjefo?efapnferuant,toeetoereoutoftIjeRuiTiansnaunger,tljcgreatett 
 partof toljometotrecitljerflaine.ojcaricn intocaptiuitic bpthe Tartars, gpojeoucr, at Daniloa 
 toee toere feeble cucn anto the ncatlj, (^ottoitljttanningtoce caufen our felucs to bee rai'ticn 
 in a toaggon th?o"gi) tlje fnotoe ana ertrcme colne ) ann being come bnto Kiow, toee conful» 
 ten toith the 99iHennrp,? otljer noble men there concerning our iournrp, 'Stljep tola as,that if toee 
 
 St a carrier 
 
6"4- TheEnghfh Voyages,Nauigations, The Tartar ■/. 
 
 I tic Uitarian 
 S)OjUS. 
 
 M-ichwsttje 
 
 malicious. 
 
 W! 
 
 carricD tbofeb6?fes,tobicb toee tbcnbaD, tontotlje Tartars, great tfoje of fnotoelping bpontlje 
 grounD, tljep tooulo allDpe: becaufetbcpknetonotljotoe to cigfgcop tljc graffe Dnncr tbc fnoto, 
 
 ^fccfrMKtof a3tijC Tartarian IjBjfCS Doe,nCttljer COttlDCtjCCC bee GUgbtfounDtO? Cljesn to eatC, ttjC Tartars lja= 
 
 wins ncitljer rjap no? flratoe,noj anp otrjtr foDDer. 2Be DetermineD tberefoje to leaue tljem beljtna 
 at Kiow toitb ttoo fectinnts appointee to fcecpe tljem. 3nD toee lucre conttrapnee to beSoto gifts 
 upon tlje 0[)illenarp, trjat \»e mtgtjt obtainc Ijis fauouc to allotuc bs pofle Ijojfes ana a guiDr. 
 Ollbercfye beginning our iournep tlje fcconD nape after tljefead of tbe purification, toee am* 
 ucd attbetotone of Canow, toljiclj tua<3 immeoiatlp unoer tlje dominion of tlje Tartars. Z-lp 
 goucrnourtoljercof allotoeDbsljojfcsanDaguiDebntoanotbertotone, toljcrcin toee foutiD one 
 Michsastobegouernour, a man full of allmalice antDrfpigljt, SHrjonottoitljSancing, Ijamng 
 receitieD giftcsat our banDes, accojrjing to Ijis mancr conouctcD Ugs to tlje fir8 guaroe of tlje 
 Tartars. 
 
 How he and his company were at the firftrecei- 
 ued of the Tartars. Chap.zo. 
 
 lt)ercfcje, tvjefirfifaturoap nert after afljtocDnctDap 3 ljauiiig about tlje Sttnmsgbmg 
 , Dotone.takenup our place of reG>cljearmcD Tartars came rufljingtipotibs inrjnciuilano 
 Ijo^riblemaner.bctngberpinquifuiueofBSBJvjatmanerofperfongjOjoftoljatconDitionlijetoere: 
 9 toljen toe Ijao anfvuercDtljemtljat toe lucre tlje popes Legates, recciuing fomebictualSiitouE 
 ljanDes,tl)cpmimetiiatlpDepartco.S^ojeouerintl)emomingrtfinganDpjoceerjingonoHriournep, 
 tlje djiefc of tljcm toljirbtoerein tljeguaro met toitbbSjDcmaunDingtobp.o? fo? toljat intent ano 
 prpofc toe came tljitljcr "t "ann toljat bufinestoe rjac toitlj ttjem*: Uiuo toljom toe anftoercD,5Be 
 ontcms are tlje legates^ our lojo tlje pope.toljo is tbe fatljcr $lo?D of tlje ©jjifltans, pi batlj fent Bs as 
 oEtscusacie. toell unto pour Cmperour,as to pour p?inces,anDaIlotljer Tartars fojtbis purpofe, becanfeitis 
 bis plcafure.tljat nil ffljjiflians fljoulo be in league toitb tlje Tartars, ano ftjoulo Ijaue peace toitij 
 tljem. 31 1 isbisoefire alio tljat tljep fljoulD become great o? in fauour toitlj (Sod in ljeauen,tljcrfoje 
 be aomomdjetrj tljem aftoel bp bs,as bp tjis otonIetters,to become Cljjiflians, ann to embrace tie 
 faitlj of our Hop Iefu Chrift,becaufe tljep cotilo not otljcrtoifc be fjuccspojeouerjegiues tbe t& 
 bnDcrfiano,tbatbemucljmaruefletbattbeirm£8m^ 
 
 Cial!pofCDIjMfliang 3 bUtmoffofalofHungarias,Mountaineirs ; ^Polonians,bemgalljt?ifubiect0, 
 
 |auingnotmiuricot|)cminougl)t,no?atccmptcoioDoctljcmii«uric« anDbecaufetfj£lojD(So& 
 
 is grieuoiulp offenoeD tbereatjc aDuifetlj tljem from Ijf ncefojttj to betoareof fuclj Bealing,?to rc= 
 
 yenttljcmoftljattobictjtljepljatieonc. ^rcgueaetbaliVbattljeptooufotojlte an anftoerebr.- 
 
 to Ijim, toljat tljep purpofe to Doc Ijcreafter, ano toljat tljeir intention is. 9li toljicg tljings Mn% 
 
 Ijcaru ano bnoccitooo, tlje Tartars fapo tljat tljep tooulD appoint bS pofle Ijo?fes ano a gutoe urns 
 
 Conors. Correnfa, 3nD immeDiatelpDemanDing gifts at ourljanDs.tljep obtaineD tljem. I8%en receiniug- 
 
 tlje fame ljojres,from toljiclj tljep Difmountco, cogetber toitlj agm'Detoeetooke our iourncp bntc* 
 
 ^rjtMibcof. Correnfa. aButtIjepriDingaftoiftpace,fentamtflengerbefo?ei!nco trjefapaDufeeCorrcnfa,to 
 
 m B3t(ictne; figrtiSe tlje meflage.toijiclj toe bao DeliuereD bnto tljem.CrjiS Duke is gottcrnour of all tljem,toijic!> 
 
 vmme ' ii E inguatn againC tlje natios of tlje 2Bea,leatt fome enemp migbt on^lje fuDDcn anrj at bnatoarcs 
 
 b?cak£ in upon tljem. 3na Ijee is faio to tjaue ^oooo.men bnoer Ijim. 
 
 How they werereceiued at the court of: Correnfa. CJ?ap-.zi. 
 
 <£ing come tljerefojte bnto Ijis court, \>sz caufeo our tent to bee placcb farre from Ijim, ano fent 
 Ijis agents to oemauno of bs toitlj toljat toe tooulo incline toito Ijim, tljat is to fap , tobat giftcs 
 toe toottlDoffer,in Doing our obeifance onto bun. Slnto tobomctocc anftoereD, tljat our lo?D tlje 
 laopebaDnotfentanpgiftesatall, becaufeljc toasnotcertaine tljat toeeujoulDcuer bee able to 
 comeattljcm: fojtoc paiTeDtb?ougbmofl Dangerous places. jaottoitbtlanDing.toourabilitie, 
 toe toill Ijonourljim toitlj fomepart of tbofe tbtngs.toljicb baue bene, bp tlje goooncs of <Sod,$ tbe 
 fauour of tbe pope,bettotoEDbpo us fo? our fufienance.^auingreceiueo our gtfcs,tbep conoucteo 
 bs bnto tlje Orda o? tent of tlje Dulse, $ toe toere inSructeD to boto tb?ife toitlj out left knee before 
 tbeoooje of tlje tente 3 ano in anp cafe to tfetoarclefl toee fet our foote bpon tlje tb?cftjolD of tlje fapa 
 Dooje. 9no tbat after toe toere entreo, toee ujouloreljearfebefojc tbe Duke ano all bis nobles, tbe 
 fametoo?Dcs, toljicbtocebaDbefo^efapoe, kneeling bpon our knees. Cbcn p?efentcD toee tlje 
 letters of our Iojd tlje pope? butour interpreter toljometoe IjaDljireo ano bjougbttoitbbs from 
 Kiow toasnotfufficientlp able to interpret tbem, ncitljer teas tbere anp otljer etteemeD tobee 
 meete foj tlje fame purpofe. l^ere certain^ poRebojfesariD tijjee Tartars toere appopnteo foj 
 
 biS 
 
 trijtmmicraf 
 faluting tbe 
 
 lartaiian j)!IH> 
 M0. 
 
TbeTartars. TrafTiques,andDifcoueries. 6^ 
 
 U 10 cunDutc us t'ro.u Ijcnce touij al Ipceoc unto Duke bathy. eijis Bathy is tlje mtgljtiefl $mce ^ ? 
 
 among tljem erccyt tlje <£mpcrour,j tbep arc bouno to obcp Ijim before all otijer pontes. GLle bc< Bl a vo \an. 
 
 gan out iourncp totearos bis court ttjc firft tucfoap in tent, ano rioing as fair as our bojfcs coulo 
 
 trot (fo.i tee tjno freflj ljo?fcs almott tljlife o? fourc times a Dap) toe poltcD from morning till night, 
 
 pea Dcrp often in trje nigbt feafon alfo,anD pet coulo toe not come at bim before S^autiDtc tljurfDap. 
 
 311 tljis iourncp toe Went tljjouglj trje lane of Comania.toljiclj is al plainc grcunD, anD Ijatb foure 
 
 migljtp riucrs runntug tbjeugb it: &be firl? is calico INeper,on tlje Goe toljercof totoarog R uffia, tEormhen«s, 
 
 Duke Gorrcn fa f Monti j marc'gco up anD Dotonc,toljiclj Montij on tljc other fioe upon the plainc* 
 
 is greater tben tje. SMje fc conn is calico IDon f Dpon tbe banke wljereof marcljetlj a certain pjince r*™"- 
 
 hauing inmariagc tlje fuTer of Baty,his name isTirbon. Ebe ifcirn is calico $ Volga, toljiclj is an } R h,. 
 
 erceeoing great ritier,bpon tbebankestobcreof Duke Bathy marcljetlj* ^bcfotiulj is calico tlaec, j 
 
 Upon toljicb ttoo y©illennrtce Dec marcb,on cacb fioe of tlje riuer one. 311 tljefe, in t!je tointc r time, 
 
 Defceno Dotou to t&efea,$ in fummec afcenD backe bp tbebankesof thefaiD riuetsup to tbe moun* 
 
 . tains.Elje fealalt nameD is tlje||®rcac fca,out of tobicb tbe arme of fe.George p?occcDrtb,tehiclj ron[us Emn - nos> 
 
 rimnetlj up Couihiitinopl?. ©tjefe riuersDo abouno toitb plentp of filljes.but cfpcciallp Volga,? m «t*"m«i»» 
 
 tbep croncrate tljcfelues into tlje Grecian fea.tebiclj is calico Mare maior. SDucr Neper toe toent $£, '"„ gjj 
 
 manp Dates upon tlje ice. ' Slong tbe iljoje alfo of tlje Grecian fca toe toent ucrp Dangcrottflp upon ^*™?'£ e : f 
 
 tlje ice in funD?p places,? that fo? manp oaics togctljcr, jf*o? about tljefljo?e tlje toatersare frx?en fl oi«c mso uj« 
 
 tbjee leagues into tlje fca. But before toe came Dnto Bathy ,ttoo of out Tartars rose afcje, to pie Ca, f bn fcrt > 
 
 bim mtelligence cf all tlje fapings tobiclj tee haD utterco in tbe pjefence of G oi renfa. 
 
 How we were receiued at the court of the great 
 
 prince Bathy. Ckap.2%. 
 
 M2D?cottcr,toben toe came unto Bachy in tlje lanD of Comania, toe toerc fcateo a gooD league 
 DiCant from bis tabernacles. 8no toljen tee fboulo be conDuctcDtoito bfe court,it teas toloe n amnmp 
 i)S tljat toe mull patTe bettoeen ttoo fires, Ti5ttt tec tooulD bp no means be inouccD t!jcrainto.i;oto= of; v^m t>t- 
 bcit,tljcp faiD unto us: pou map patTe tbjougij toitljout al Danger : foj toe tooulD Ijmtc pou to Doe it ^"g™ ma 
 fo? none ctljcr caufe,bttt onlp tbat if pou tnteno anp mifcljiefe againa our Io?D, o? b?ing-anp popfon 
 toitb pou.fite map take atoap alleuili. SlntotoljomtoeauftoereD, tljat to tbeenD toe nu'gbt cleave 
 ourfclues from allfufpition of anpfucb matter,toc toere contenteD topaffe tb?ouglj. (Eaijen tljcre= 
 fo?c toetoere come unto tlje Orda,being oeraanocDbp bis agent Eldegay toitlj toljatp?cfeutoj gift EIdtg ^ 
 toe tooulo do our obeifante*: SBeegaue tlje fame anftoere toljicljtoc did at tbe court of Correnfa, 
 1£be gifts being gincn anDrccetucD,tbe catifes of our iourncp alfo beingijearD,tljcpb?cticdjtusin« 
 to tbe tabernacle of tlje pjtnccfirfibotoing our felucs at tbe doojc, $ bemg aDmonilbca, as bcfo?e, 
 not to trcao upon tlje tlj?c(bolD. 3nD being entrcD, toe fpakebntobhn kneeling Upon our Juices, $ b^v (jenrrtrj 
 DcliuercDljim our letters, anDrcqucCcDljim toljaue interpreters to tranflatc tljcm. £(Elljoacco^ «M»satee. 
 Dinglp ongoso frioaptocre fentbnto US,ano toe togetber toitlj tljem, Diligentlp tranfiateb our fapo 
 letters into tbcRii(Tian,Tartarian,anDSaracenlanguages.'5Dbisintcrp?ecatientoasp?cfcntcDUu' 
 to Bathy,toljicb be rcao,? attentiuelp notcD. 9t lengtlj toeetoere conDuctcD Ijcme agaiuc Unto ouc 
 ' otoncloDging,botobcitnoUictualStecrcgiucnbntous,etceptittoereoncea litlcMillct inaDicfj, 
 tljcfirflmgbt of our comming. ®bts Bathy caries Ijimfelfeuerpaatclp? magni&ccntlp.ljauing ijcbcuaues 
 powers anD all officers aftertbe maner of tbe €mpcrour, anD fittes inalofcpfeateo?tlj?Dne r",'^" 1 " 6 ' 1 
 togctljcr toitb one of Ijis toiucs. Clje refl, namelp, as toellbis bjetb?c" awn fonnes^as etber great 
 perfonnges tic unccrneatlj Ijim in tlje miDft upon a benclj,anD otljers fit Dotone upon tbe grounD,be» 
 IjinDe bim.but tlje men on tbe rigljt Ijano anD tlje tootnen oh tlje left. lj)e batlj eerp faire ana large 
 tentes of liuncn clotlj alfCjtobiclj lucre once tbe kings of Hungaria. Neither Dare anp man come 
 into bis tent (befioes tljem of Ijis otone familp)unlcs be be calleo.be be neuer fo mig'jtp anD great, 
 crrcptpcrbapsitbcknotoentbatitis (jisplcafure. SSleealfo, fojtbefamecaufe,fnteontijclcft 
 IjanD; fo? fo Doe all ambalTaDojs in going : but in returning from tlje «£nvperour,tee tecre altoaics 
 placeD on tbe rigbt banc. 31n tlje miooett UanDs Ijis table,ncare unto tlje Dcoje of tlje tcnt,*jpcn tlje 
 toljiclj tljcre is Djinke fillco in goloen anD filuer uetfcls. l^eitljer Dotb Bathy at anp time D?inkc,noj 
 anpotbecof tbe Tartarian pjmces.efpeciallp being inapublique place, but tljcp IjattefinginganD ofs'ink'niga^ 
 jnindrilfie befoje tljem, 9no altoaies,toijen bee riDes.tljere is a canopie 0} fmail tent caricD oucr J» e f ™ft oe 
 IjiSljeaDbpontljepointofaiaueline. 9nDfo Docalltljegreatp?inceisoftIjeTarcars,$tljeirtoiues m c '" 
 alfo.^be fapo Bathy is courteous euouglj touo bis otone men, anD pet is Ijte Ijao in great atoc bp 
 tljem : be is mofl cruel in figljt : be is crcecoinglp prudent ano politique in toarre, becaufe Ijc batft 
 note continucD a long time in martiall affaires. 
 
 n 
 
 F 5 
 
 How 
 
66 The Englilli Voyages ? Nauigations ? T7?g Tartars* 
 
 Iter D<ip toifje 
 
 21. Of Jlllp 
 
 •cafttrmrDof 
 
 Volga. 
 
 jCDefmptton 
 
 DfComa.iia. 
 
 3TtJC JfioJtB 
 
 iEccail. i 
 
 Kuffia. 
 
 How departing from <Bathy, they palled through the 
 hndoiComavia, and ol the KangitU. Cbapa 3. 
 
 2Djcctter,\)poni2aflereuentoetocrc calleoimto the tent, ano there came fojthtomcctebjs 
 the fc^faiD agent ofBathy/apmg on IjismatogljebalfejtbataiEnjDulDp into tl;eirlanD, 
 tonto the <£ ntpcro ? Cuyne.oeteinina; certaine of our company toitt) tljis pretence, tljat tijep tooulo 
 •artjrp ttaiif neb fcnD them backc unto tjje 13ope,to tohom toe gaue letters of al our affaires to oeuuer tonta Ijim.'Buc 
 poit from €* jj Ctn ^ come a g f^re as cuke Montij afojefaio , ttjece thep toere kept tontill our returne. Upon 
 CaBeroap, hauinpj Cue our pjaiers, ano taken a flenocr b?eakfaB, in the companp of ttoo Tartars, 
 toljich toere affigiieotoitoosbpCorenfa toe oeparteo toith manpteares, notknotoingtoljctber 
 toe toent to Dca th 0? to life. ano toe toere fo feeble in hooie, that toe toere ftarte able to rioe. JFo? 
 all that Lent though, our meat toas Millet onelp toith a little toater ano faltc. ano fo like toife 
 upon other faflmg capes. Neither ban toe ought to ojinke, but fnotoc meltco in a fkillct. ant) paf= 
 fmgttyourtjj ComaniatoeroDenioBearnefllp, bauingchangeofhojIesfiuetinieso?oftenerin a 
 oap,ercept tohen toe toent thjough Defects, fo) then toe toere allotoeo better ano flronger bojfes, 
 tohichcotilDbncergoe the tohole labour, anothusfarrehac toctrauaileo from the beginning of 
 Lent bntill eight capes after Matter, ^Dhe lanti of Gomania on the jfrojth floe immeoiatclp after 
 Ruflla.hatb the people calleOlVlorduyniByleri, that is, Bulgaria magna, theBaftarci, tljat liS, 
 Hungariamagna,ncrtbntothe Ba(tarci,the Parofitx anD the Samogeti. jfiejtt bnto the Samo- 
 getx are thofe people tohich arefapo to bane Dogges faces,t'n!)abiting toponthe ocfrrt Bjo?cs of tljg 
 Ocean.SDf! the g)OUth GDC it hath tlje AIani,the Circafli,thc Gazari.Greecc anD Conlranrinople; 
 alfo tlje lana of Ibena.tljc Cathcs,dje Brutaches toljo are faio to be 3etoes u;f uing tljeir Ijeacs all 
 oiler, the lanBccalfo of Scythia, of Georgia, of Armenia, of Turkic iDn theGQcflfioc ithan) 
 Hungaria, ano Ruflla. aifo Comaniaig a mofi large ano long countrep, Che inhabitants* 
 toherrcfcallcDComani tlje Tartars fietoe, fome nottoitljflanDing fleo from them, anc the reft 
 toere uibcucotmcer theft bonoage. 15ut mofl of them that fleo arc rcturneoagainc* aftertoatB 
 K.ngia" toee entree the lance of the Kangittse.torjiclj in manp places hatb great fcarcctiecftoatcrs,tober« 
 (i fcuscof iiuhere are but fetoe inhabitants bpreafon of the fo?efapo Defect of toater. jfo? this caufe outers 
 sf tlje feruants of Ieroflaus cuke of Ruffia, as tljep toere traueiling totoarcs ljim into tlje Iano of 
 Tartaiia, oi'cofoj thirfl , in that oefert. as before in Comania, fo liketoife in this countrep, 
 toee founo manp fkullcs anc bones ofocao men Ipingbpon tlje earthlike a Dunghill. €.b?cugh 
 this cauntrep toe toere traueilingfrom tlje eight cap after Cafier fcntlll afcenfionoap. %\)t 
 inhabitants tfjerof toere 1pagans,anD neither tljep no? the Comanians bfeo to till tlje grouno, but 
 IiuEO onelp upon eattell, neitljer built thep anphotifcs but CteellcD in tents. "Shcfe mcnalfo 
 Ijaue the Tartars rooteD out,anD 00c poflcfie ano inhabite their cotmtrep s ljotobeit,thofe tljat remat* 
 neo arc ixbuccd into tljeir bontiage. 
 
 How they came vnto the firft court of thenew Emperour. Chdp.24. 
 
 M©icouer,outoftlje lano cf the Kangitta>,tocenterctiintothccountrepof pBifermini, torjo 
 fpeake clje language of Comania,butobfertie tljelato of tlje Saracens.3!ntljiscountrep toe 
 founo ianumci able cxtit» toitbcaBlcs ruinco,fjmanp totor.sIeftDcfolate.'ShelojD cftljis country 1 
 toascaIL^SoldanAki,to!jo toitlj alhispjogenie.toastieBropctibptljcTartars.'Ehtscountrprjatlj 
 moBht!gemom!tatns.©ntlje ©oittljCDeit IjathIerufaIemanoBaldach,anD all tlje toljolccoum 
 trcp of tljcSaracens.an tlje new territories aDiopmngooeinljabitettoocarnall brothers tiukes of 
 the Tartars, namelp, Burin antiCadan, tlje fonnCSof Thyaday,tohotoaStIjefonne Of Chingis 
 
 Can. 2Dn tlje,ii3onl)ftDc thereof ithathtljelanD ofthcbtackcKythayans, ano the Ocean. 3lntlje 
 famecotintrie Sy ban the brother of Bathy rcmainetlj. "Shjotiglj this rctmtrie toe toere traueilino; 
 fromt!jcfcaBofafcGnfton,bntiIeigljttiaiesbcfojet!jefcaflofg',Iohn Baptift. ano then toeem 
 tree into tije lano of tlje blackc Kythayans,tn toljiclj tlje (Emperourbuilt anljoufc,toherc toe toere 
 calico in to cjinkc, aifo tlje i^mperours ocptitp m that place caufco the cljiefe men of tlje citie ano 
 histtoo founts to oaunce bcfo?e tis. Departing from hence, tccc founoe a certaine fmall fca, 
 bpen the ujo?e toljcreof Banos a little mountaine. 3Dn tohiclj mottntaine is rcpojteo to be a bole, 
 fromtohence, in tointcr time fuch beljementtempcBscftoinosooe ifftte, tljat traueilers can 
 fearcelp, ano toith great oanger pafle bpthe fame toap. 3in fummer time, djenotfe tnoecoe 
 of tlje toinoc is Ijearo there, but it pjoceecetl) gentlp out of the hole, along the ftjojxsof 
 the fOKfaiD fea toe trauaileofo?thefpaceof manpoapcS,toljtcljalt!jouglj it bee not bcrp great, 
 pet hath it manp iflanots , ano toee paffeo bp leauing it on cur left Ijnnce. Sin this lauoe 
 otoelletlj Ordu , toljome toee fapoe to bee auncient bnto all the Tartarian oukes. Sno it is 
 tlje Oj-da o? court of his faljer tohiclj Ije? inhabitetl; , ano one of big tonics bearetb rule there, 
 
 Jfoj 
 
 ■STije Ian!) of 
 
 t{)C Bifo mini. 
 
 AlriSolJ«nus. 
 Huge inouif 
 taineo. 
 
 ButinaiiCCaJan 
 
 ^Hiej^oitft 
 ocian. 
 
 Syban bjOtlJEt 
 UlltoBsthy. 
 
 ^ncbltiche 
 
 Kythayans. 
 
 ft final! fi-a. 
 
 ^aitptiapEa. 
 
 Ordu cap. i j. 
 
The Tartars. TrafTiques,andDifcouenes. 6j 
 
 5Fojtcisacuitjmcamangc!jc 1 arcars, tnal tuet£out» ui |p/uue»Oiui noule men are not oiuol« 
 ueo,but alttapcsfometoomcn are appointed tokeepe ano goucrnecbcm,bpon tobom certain gifts 
 arc bcitotocb.mltke fojt as tbrp are gtucn unto tljctr lojcs.^nc fo at lengtlj toe aruueb at tlje fitff ^ t urn court 
 court of tlje <£inpcrour,tobcrein one of Ijis Uiiuejs btoelt, J^ e "^"P" 
 
 Howe they came vnto Quyne himfelfe, who was forth- 
 with to be chofen Emperour. Chap. *s f 
 
 B&tbecaufc toe Ijac notas pet fecnetlje Cmperottr.tbeptooulo not tnm'te bs no? acmit bs into 
 bts Orda , but caufco goob attenoancc anc entertainement, after tbc Tartars faujion, to be gi= 
 tten bnto bs in our otone tcitt,anb tljep caufea bs to (tap tbere, ana to rcfreflj our fclues toitij tljem 
 one bap. Departing tbencebpontijeeuen of Smint Peter am>!§>aint Paul, luce cntereb into tbe 
 laiiDoftljcNaymani.luboare pagans, KutbpontbeberpfcafibapoftljefatbeSpofllegjtljerefel ^fieianoot 
 a mightie fnotoe in tljat place , anb toec bao ertreame coloe tocatljer . 'Cljis Janbc is full of ^J"""" 1 * 
 mountaines, ano coloe beponceineafure, anc tbcreis little plaine grounotobee feene.'ftbefe 
 ttoo nations laflincntionco bfebnotto till tljeir grounoe, but, like bnto tlje Tartars, Dtoelt in 
 tents, toljtcljtbefapBe Tartars Ijac Bettropec. ^rj?ougljtl)ijs coimtrcp toec toere trauailing ma* 
 nie napes. %fom entercB toee into tlje lanbeof tlje Mongals, tobome toee call Tartars. 
 Clnottgb tlje Tartars lanoc toee continues ourtrauatle(astoeefuppofe) fo?tljefpaceof fome 
 tb?eetoeekes,rioiiigaltoapeslja(riIp anBtoiujfpeeBe, anb bpontbe Dap of Marie Magdalene toe ftyezz-tt 
 arriueb at tlje court of Cuyne tlje Emperour elect* T6ut tberefojecib me make great Ijnfle all tljis ■ Jul!,, 
 toap , becaufe our Tartarian gttibes lucre ftraigljtlp commaunbeo to tying bs bnto tlje court f m- 
 periall toitij all fpcene, tubicb court Ijatbbcenetljefe manp pecres,ti?baincb fo? tlje election of 
 tlje Emperour. cliHrjcrefo^e riling earelp,toce trauaileb bntill nigbc toitbottt eating of anp tljing, 
 ano oftentimes toee came lb late bnto our looging , tljat toe IjaD-no time to cate tlje fame nigbc,but 
 tljat tobtcb toe Gjoulobaue eaten ouenu'gljt, toas giuenbs in tlje moaning. 9nb often cljanginn; 
 ourbojfes, toeefpareb no UpojJe-fle&jc , butrobeftoiftlpanbtoitboMtintermiuTon,asfaaais 
 our Ijo^fcscoulo trot. 
 
 How Quyne entertei ned the Minorite Friers. Cbap.16. 
 
 B&ttobcn toee toer: come unto tfje court of Cuyne, Ijeecaufeb (after tlje Tartars manner)* ^iismrtcccor 
 %tnt ano all erpenfes neceflarieto bcepjouioeBfojbs, 3nB bis people entreateb bs tottlj SffiSSS^JJ 
 mojeregarec ano ro!irterte,tyen tljep did anieotbcrambatlaDours4)otobecit nice tocre not cal= O|0 * 
 
 leu befojic bis pjefence, becaufe Ijeetoas not as pet electee, no?aBmittcDbntoljisempire.3cJot« 
 toitb&utM'ng , tije interpretation of tbe popes lctters,anb tlje mcfiage tofjicljtoc beuuercb, toere 
 fentbntobimbptljefojefaib Bathy.Snb bailing ftapebtljcrefiuc o? fire capes, Ijeefent bsbnto 
 l)tsmotbec,bnBcrtobome tljere toas maintcpncb aberie folemneano ropallccurt , Sine being ^njctemroiai. 
 comctlutijer.tocfato an ijuge tent of fine tobtte clotbpitcbeD,toljicbtoaSjto our iucgement,of fo 
 great quantitie , tljat mo?e tben ttoo tljoufano men migljt ftano toitljin it , anc rounb about it tfjete 
 toas a toall of planks fetbp,painteBtoitbBiuers images, frUectljercfojetoit!) our Tartars a{% mbbkmi 
 ncbtoattenocbpon bSjtookeourtourncptbttber, anb tbere toere all tlje Dukes a{rcmbleD,ec!je aSmbltu 
 one of tljcm rioing bp anc cotone toitb bis traine ouer tlje btlles ano Dales. <£lje ficft bap tljep tocre 
 all clatj in tuljite , but tlje fceouo in Tkarlet robes. 'iZDljencame Cuyne bnto tbefaibe tent. SgJojc* 
 ouer, tbe tljiro Bap tljep toere allin blcto robes.anb tlje fourtlj inmofi ricij robes of Baldakin clotfj, 
 3n tbc toall of boarces,about tbe tent afojefaic , toere ttoo great gates, bp one of tlje toljtcbgates, 
 tbe Cmpcrour onlp toas to cnter.ano at tbat gate tljere toas no garc of men appointee to fianc, aU 
 tljougljit Cooo continuallp open, becaufe noncburft go in o? come out tlje fame toap:all tljat tocre 
 aom'.tteo.entrco bp anctbet gate,at toljicb tbere ftcob toatcbmcn,toitlj botocs,ftoo?BS, 9 arrotocs. 
 ano tobofoeucrapp?oc[jebbntotIjetentbeponbtbebouncs anb limit affigneb, being caugljt, toas 
 beatcn.btit if be fleB.lje toas ujotattoitlj arrotoes o?iron, tljere toere manp tljat toottr iuBgcment, 
 Ijao bpon tljeir bucles,trappcrs,fabDles,anb fuclj like furniturc,to tlje balue of 2o.marhes in pure 
 golo.&lje fo?cfaio Dukes (as toe tbinke) communee togetber toitljin tbe tcnr 3 anc confulteb about 
 tlje election of tljeir Cmperoj.'But all tlje reficue of tlje people toere placeo farrcatoap tottljout tbe 
 toallcs of boarc,$ in tins maner tljep fiaieb almofi til nooncEljen began tljep to bjink mares milk, sue baiiqutt 
 ? fo contt'nueo Dunking til etten tibe.anb tljat in fa great cjuantitp,as it toastooncerfulh 3nb tljep of tJ|t ® Mt9 ' 
 calleb bs in bnto tfjem.ano gauebs of tbeirale,bccaufe toe coulb not bnnk tbeirmares milke. 3nn 
 tbis tbep bio bnto bs in token of great Ijonoj.'But tbcp compelleb bstobn'nkfo mucb.tljat in regaro 
 of our cuHomarp biet.to'ee coulee bp no means ensure itȣa*bereupQn,gitmig tljem to bnbcrBartb, 
 
 ■ . tljat 
 
6 8 The Engiiflh Voy ages,Namgations, The Tartars. 
 
 ttjat it luas ijurctul vjiuo v>B,ttjep cealUD to compel us anp mo?e. SOttgout tbe oooje ficooe Duke 
 
 T«ofl:usS>ulic IeroflauscfSufdaljtnRulTia, atlD a great manpDukCSoftbeKythayanSjanBof tljeSolangi. 
 
 ^bettoofomics alto ofthe king of Georgia, tbe ligtcr of the Caliph of Baldach,tolj0 toas a Sol- 
 
 35mbafffl6oj0 dan, ano (as toe ti)infcc) afaoue ten Soldans oftljE Saracens office. StnD, as it toas tolDe US bp the 
 
 Sonj? w "** agcnts,tbcrc toere mojtc then 4ooo.ambaffaoo?s,partlp of fuel) as paioe tributes, ano fuclj as pjc 
 
 fcnteDgtft3,anB other Soldans,anD Duke&tobicb came to peelo tljemfelues, ano fuel) as tbeTar- 
 
 tars ijao fcnc fo?,an\fttcb as lucre gouernouvs of lantrs.SHtbtfc toere placeDtoitljouttlje lifls,an& 
 
 baDDjinkegmcuuncothein.^utalmoffconttnuallp tbepallofibemgaitebsanD Duke Ierofla- 
 
 us rijc upper ijano, toben toe toere abjoaoui tljeir companies 
 
 How he was exalted to his Empire. Qbap.iy. 
 
 Ajfro to our renicmb?ance,toe rcmaineD tbcre, about tljefpace of foure tocekes; tJDfje election 
 toas to our thinking tljereccIcujateo,but it toas not publi&jcD ano ptoclaimeD there. Stnott 
 jjiSpirr?™ toas grcatlp fufpecceD fo to be, becaufe altoapes toben Cuyne came fojtlj out of tlje tent, Ije IjaB a 
 nopfe of mtificke,ano toasbatocDi)nto,oj bonourco toitb fairetoanos, bailing purple toooll upon 
 the tops of tl)cm,ano tljat,fo long as ije remaincD ab?oao : tobiclj fcruice teas perfomico to none of 
 syrao.-aa. tbectber Dultee.Cl)-: fo?efaiDtento? ccurt is 1 calico bptbemSyra Orda. Departing thence, toee 
 all toitlj one accojn rone 3 ,0? 4, leagues Unto anottjer place, tobere,in a gooolp piat'ne, bp a riuersS 
 ODc,bertoccneecrtainemountame0,tljerctoa0anotbertentcrcctcB, tobicb toas calico tlje goloen 
 •5T!ic gorscit Orda, jf 0? there toas Cuyne to be placet) in the ctyotic €mpi"riaH,upon tlje Dap oftfje Gtuumption 
 mtis- of of mt i-aoie. 15«c 3 fo? the abunoance of baile tobicl) fell at tbe fame timers is abottcfaio.tbe mat* 
 ai<siirt- inrH ter toas ncfercea. Qtyz re tons alfo a tent erccteo upon pillars, tobici) toere couereo toitb plates 
 of goloe , ano toere iopn:o unto otber timber toitb goiocn nailes. jit toas rotterco aboue toitlj 
 Baldakinclotb, buctljeretoas otberclotlj fpjeao cuer tljat , ncrt Onto tbe ap?e. ffiHce abooe 
 t'ocreuutotbefcafi of S>aint Bartholomew, tobat time tljcre tons afftmblcD an bugc multituoe 
 fiammig toitbtljcir faces totoarDs tlje S>etitb. Sine arertaine number of tbembceing a {tones 
 caff oiilantfrcm tljercfiouc, making contimtallp?apcr?,anD kneeling upon tbeir knees,p?oree« 
 Deo farther ano farther totoarDStbe&outb. l^otobcit toce, notknotoingtobetbcrtljcpbleDin» 
 cbantments, 0? toljetbcrtljepbotoeB tljeir knees to <8oD 0? ts fome otber, tooulBe not kneclc up« 
 on tbe grounoe toitb them. Sno batmig cone fo a long time, tbcp returnee to tlje tent, ano 
 placco Cuyne in Ijiss t!?jouc uiiyeriall , anD his Dukes botoeo tljeir knees befoje him. Sifter* 
 toatoe tbe laljole nmltituDekneeleo ootone in like maner,er«pt our felues, fojtoec toere none 
 ef bisfubicctg. 
 
 V&oi\cn clorf). 
 
 T! 
 
 Of his age and demeanour, and of his feale. Qiaf).i%. 
 
 1 i£is € mpcrour,toben bee toas eralteo bnto bis gouernment, feemeo to bee about tfjc age of 
 
 fourtp 0} fourtp nue pecrcs, i!?c toas of a meane ftature,oerp toifc anopolittke,ano paulng fc« 
 
 riousana gratie in all Ijis ocmcanour . araretljingittoas,fo?amantofecbimIaugljo?bebaue 
 
 Ijimfclfc Iigljtlp,as tbofe Clj^iftinns repo?t ,tobicb aboee continuallp toitb &im. Certaine Cb?itlt« 
 
 ansofbisfamilicearneflip ano GronglparTirmcBrjntobs.tbatljebimfclfe toas about to become a 
 
 \m nidiiwii* c^&n. S tokctianp argument tobereof toas , tljnt bee retcineo oiuers Cleargie men of 
 
 on(a<st)imia* ^ ^(Qi mSt ^ ee ^ j,fe eto if e ac a n t i ms a (£bappe!l of Ci)?ifiians,necrc bnto bis great 
 
 ^cnt, toljerc the (£leartoC like bnto otber Clj?ifitans, ano acco?oing to tbecufiomeof tlje 
 
 Gra?cians)DoefmgpubliquclpanDcpcnlp,anDnngbdlesatcertauieljoures,bcetbereneuetfo 
 
 greatamu'eituceof Tartars, 0? of otber people in pjcfence.Sno pet none of tbeir Dukes doe tbe 
 
 iismfiicrtic. like. 3it is tbe manner ofcbcCmpcrourneucrtotalkc bisotonefclfe toitlj a Granger, tbougfj 
 
 Ijcbeneuerfo great, butljeajetb anoanftoearetlj bpafpeaker. Sno toben anpof bisfubiects 
 
 (botoe greatfocucr tljcp bee) are inpjopounoing anie matter of impejtattnee bnto Ijim , o? in 
 
 braiingbisanfiaeare, tijep continue kneelingbpon tbeir knees unto the cnoe of tljeir conference. 
 
 ji5citljer is it latofull fo? anp man to fpcake of atip affaires, after tbep baue beetle Determine!) of bp 
 
 tije ©nipcrour. "Slje fapoe Cmperour,batlj in Ijts affaires botlj publike anopjiuate , an Sl» 
 
 gent, ano <«>ecrcfarp of tfiate.toitlj Scribes ano allotljerSDffictals, ercept aouocates. Jfoj.tot'tb* 
 
 » iatoicrrc sm» out tije nopfe of plcnDiug, 0} Ccntencc giuing , all things are Done acco?Dmg to tbe Cmpcronrg toill 
 
 tjroiitic. aUf jp( t afurc.©tijerTartarianpn'nccs do tlje like in tljofc things toljicb belong bnto tlje. ^tit.beit 
 
 knoton bnto al nicn,tljat tobilcG toe remaincD at tlje fato €mpcro?s court.tobiclj batlj bin o?Dainc 
 
 ano kept fo? tljefe manp pecres , the faioe Cuyne being Cmpcro? neto £lect,togctbcr toitlj alljia 
 
 pnnccs,erccccoaflag of Defiance againfftlje.Cburcb of ©oo,$ tlje Romaneempir£,nnDagair.OflI 
 
 Cbn'&tfm 
 
^IheTartars. Traffiques ? andDifcouenes. 69 
 
 Chnfiian kingDomes anb nations of rlje ffiLteu\bnkuc pcrabuemurc (tobiri; <5od fo?biD)tfccp toill aanrw mtni« 
 
 conoefceno into tbofe tljings,tohich be hath inoineo bnto our low the pope $ to all potentates ano ^.'^"g art 
 
 people of the Cf)?tatas,namelp,tl)ac tljep toil become obeDientbttto bim.f o^crcepcCijjiftotDom, 
 
 tljere is no lano bnoer ljeaue,toljtc!j thcp Cant) in fcare ofcano fo? that caufe tljep prepare tbemfelucs 
 
 to battel again£t bs. £.hisempcro?s fatljer,namelp Occoday ions poifonco to ocath.tohich is tlje 
 
 caufe tobp thcp Ijane fo? a fbo?t fpace abttcineb from toarre.ltjut their intent ano pttrpofe is (ns a 
 
 Ijatte aboue to) tofubotte clje toljolc too?lo unto themfelucs, as tljep toere connjianoe d bp Chiu- 
 
 gisCan^penceitt6tljatt!jcCmpcro?infjislettcrsii)?itet()aftcrtIjtsmaner:ThepowerofGod, 
 
 & Emperour of all men, aifo.bpon big fcale.thcre 10 tijiS pofie tngrauen : God in heauen , and 
 
 Cujne Can vpon earth, the power of God : the ieale of the Emperour of all men. 
 
 Of the admifllon of the Friers and AmbalTadours 
 vntothe Emperour. Chap. 29. 
 
 159 tfje fame place tuyere the emperour toas cftabliujeo into bis t(j?one,toc toere fummoHCD be* cuyneiieamij 
 fo?e Ijtm.^nD Chingay bis chiefe fecrctarp bautng tojitten Dotone our names,anti ttje names of m lcmce - 
 them that fent bs.toit'b tbe name of the Duke of Solangi,^ of others, crieo out toitb a louoe boice, 
 rchcarmtgthefaionamesbefo?etbeemperour,anDtlje affemblpof hisDukes, EOljtcb bceing 
 bone.ech one of bs botoeo bis left knee foure times, 9 tbcpgauc bs teaming not to tottcfj tijc tlj?e» 
 fbolo.anb after tljep ban fearcbeobs mott biligentlp fo? kniues,anD coulD not fine anp about bs ; toe 
 cntreb in at tlje oooje bpon theCalf ftoe : beraufe no manoare p?efume to enter at tbe (KLJctt cooje, 
 btittlje emperour onelp. 31n like maner,euerp Tartarian Duke entrcth on the W.eQ fioc into bis 
 tent, ipotobeit tlje inferiour fo?t ooe not greatlpregarofucb ceremonies. djjs" therefore toas 
 tbe firS time, tohett toe cntreb into tlje Cmperours tent in bis pjefence, after be toas crcateo €nv- 
 perour, Liketoifc allother ambaffaoours toere there receiueb Up him, but bcrp fetoe toere abirrit? 
 tcointo ^t0 tent. 3nb there toere p?efcnteo bnto him fttclj abuiwancc of gifts bp tlje faioe Smbatf ma w«f«# 
 faoours, that tljep fecmeo to be infinite, namelp in Samites, robes of purple, ano of Baldak'm w» »»"o !»>«•' 
 cloth, Dike girolestojottgljttoithgolDe.anb couMpfkimies,tottb other gift3 alfo* liketoife tljere 
 toas a certaine Sun Canopie, 0? fmalltent (tohtch teas to bee carieb otter tlje Cmperours heao) 
 pjefcntctj bnto him, being fet full of precious Hones ♦ 9nu a gouernour of one l^ouince brought 
 bnto him a companie of camels cottereD toith Baldakins, 'SLhep IjaD fannies alfo bpon their backs, 
 toitb certaine otijeriniIrumcnts,bJitljin the toljicbtoere places fo? men to fittebpon, 3ifo tljep 
 fyottgbt man? Ijojfcs jmules bnto Ijim ftirniujeo t6 trappers ano capartfons ,fomc being maoe of 
 leatljcr.ano runic of iron, ano toe toere DemanbeD tobetber toe tooulo bettoto anp gifts jjpo (jim 0? 
 no *: "But toee toere not of abilitie fo to Doe.hatting in a maner fpent all our pjouiftonXSjere toere yoo.««rfBfur 
 alfo bpon an lj:ll flanoinga gooo Dittance from tlje tents, mo?e tljen 5 co. carts, tohitlj toere all ful of ttEftf ""' 
 
 Hitter ana of golo,antiftikegarmtiits,3nDtbeptocreallt)iniDcDbctto£cnctrjc€mperotiranD bis 
 DukcS,anb euerp Dukebettotocbbpon^isotonefoliotoerstoljatpleafeDbim, 
 
 Of the place where the Emperor and his mother tooke their 
 leaues one of another,and oiler oflatu Duke oiRufsia. Chap.jo. 
 
 Departing tfjence, toe came bnto another place.tobcre a toonberfull bjaue tent,all of reb pi « ttn t am* 
 plejgiucnbptbeKythayansjtoaspitcljeo, dBce toere aomittco into tljat alfo, anbaltoaies *" E - 
 tohen toe entreo, tljere toas gitten bnto bs ale ano toine tob?inke,gtfobben flefij (toljen toe tooulo) 
 to eate. tljere toasnlfoaloftieffagc built of boofOS,to!jere tlje €mperotirstlj?onctoaspIaceD b^ 
 
 ingberpcunouHpto^oitgbcoutofiuojtc.toberemalfotljeretoasgolDeanopjcciotisaones^nijVas; atmnneoi 
 toe remember) there toere certain Degrees 0? if aires to afcenb bnto it,9no it toas rounbbpon the 3u0J ' e ' 
 top. 'Ctjere toere benches placcb about tlje faioe tlj?onc, toljercon tlje lasies fate totoaroe tlje left 
 hanb of tlje emperour bpon (tooles, (but none fate aloft on tlje right banoe) ano tlje Dukes fate 
 bpon benches bcloto, the faib tb?one beingin tlje miou\ Certaine others fate beljinoe tlje Dukes 
 anbctterpoap thererefo?tecgreatccmpanieof Laoies thither. ®ljetlj?ee tents tohereoftoefpake 
 before, toere bcrp large, but tlje emperour his toiuesbabotbcrgreatanDfatretcntcsmaDeof 
 tobitcfelt. 'Sljtstoastheplacetoljeretbeemperourparteticompanietoitljhismotljer : fo?uje 
 toentintoonepartoftfjelanb,anbtheemperourintoanotljertoerecute Mice, jfo? there toas 
 taken a ccrtatne Concubine of tbisemperour.tobich Ijao popfoneo Ijisfatljer to Deaths the fame 
 
 ttmetoljentljeTartarsarmietoasinHungari^toljiclj^tfjefamccaufereturneoljome.sraoico' <r h , htaf „ 
 oue?,bpon tlje fo?efaiDeConcubine,ano manp other of herconfeoerats fentence of tuotrement toas 3 oSSiy m 
 pjonounctb^notljeptoereputtooeatb 4 9t tljefamcttmeleroflaus the great Duke of Soldal, J^g^ 
 
 tobicjj 
 
 
 
 
70 TheEngliiTi Voyages^Nauigatfons, The Tartars. 
 
 Cuync ijtffellt' ' 
 
 bietfi loir!) t£e 
 legates. 
 
 Cofmjs a Ruf- 
 fian. 
 
 "STftc mtflTage 
 
 Of Chingay. 
 
 tohiclj is a part of RuflTia.,Deceafeo t Jfo? bcing(as it toere fo? honours fake)iwtiteO to eate atw> cjink 
 toith the Cmperours mother, ann immeoiatlp af jet tlje bant]uet,retitnu'ng bnto bis looging.he ft I 
 ficke, ano lutc^in fcticn capes, Dies, ano after fjis oeatlj,ljis b*op mas of a Grange blcto colour,am) 
 it luns cominonlp rcpo?teD, tbat tlje fain Duke toaspoifoneo, totijeenoe that the Tartars might 
 freelpanotQtallp pofeflebisDukeoome, 
 
 How the Friers comming at length vnto the Emperour, 
 gaue, and receiued letters. Chn^.31. 
 
 TO be ujojt, tijc Tartars brought US bnto their £mper0?,toijo tofjen fje (jaD hearo of tfjcm,tfjac 
 toe toere tome unto him.comanoco that toe iboulo return,bnto bis mother, j? 0? he toas oetcr« 
 minec tfjc nert oap,(as it is abouefaio)to ftt top a flag of Deflate againft al f countreis of the CCIeff, 
 toljich he toaulo hatic bs in no cafe to knoto. djbeiefoje returm'ng,toe fiaieo fome feto oapes toith 
 Ijis mathcr,ano fa rctutneobacke again bnto him. CSJiclj tobcintoe continuco fo?the fpaeeofone 
 toljolc nwnctb in fitch crtrcme hunger ano thirtt, that toe coule fcarce bolD life ano foule together. 
 tfai the pjottiltou allotoeo bs fo? foure capes, toas fcantlp utfftcient foj one cap. Neither toulc toe 
 bupbsanpfuflenancc,becaufe the market toas too farre off, $potobeittbellojoep?ouioeDfo?bs 
 a Ruffian golofmitb.nameoCofmas, tobo being greatlp in the €mpercurs fattour, pjecurco bis 
 fomcfuSrcnancc, Chis man ftjetoeo bnto bs the tb?one oftbe«cmperour, tobiclj beebao maoe,be» 
 fo?e it toa3 fet in tlje p?oper place,ano his fcale, tohiclj he a!fo (jac framccaftertoaro the Cmpcroj 
 fent fo? bs.giuingbs to bnoerflano bp Chingay Ijis thief Secret arp,t(jat toce fljoulo tojite ootone 
 cttrmeflageS 9 affaires,ano fljoulo celttier tljem bnto him, &Hbicb thingtoe perfejimeo accojoing* 
 }p,aftermr.npcaiesh£caHeDfo?b3agame,cemanomgtoljetbertl)eretoereanptoith our lojc tlje 
 pope, tobicb bnoerflooc the Ruflian.the Sarracen,oj tlje Tartarian language *: 'So tofjom toe an= 
 ftocrcc, tljat toe bao none of thofe letters o?Janguages.$potobeit, that there toere certaine Sara- 
 cen s in tlje lane, but inhabiting a great ciftance from our loio the pope, ano toce faice.that toe z 
 tljottght it moflerpecient, tljaftoljen tljep Ijac to?itten tljeir minces in the Tartarian language,ano 
 IjaC interp?eteo the meaning therof bnto bs,toe fljoulo oiligentlp trnnflate it into our oton tongue, 
 anofoDeliuerbotljtljeletteranothetranflationthcreofbtuoourLojD the pope, 'SCljenocparteii 
 thep from bS,ano toent bnto the «Emperour. Sine after tfoe cap of S,Martinc,toe toere calleo fc? a- 
 gaine,®henKadacpjincipalagentfo?thetohoIeempire, ano Chingay,ano Bala, toitboiuerso* 
 tljer Scribes, camebntobs,anointerpjettCtheIcttertoojofo?too?c. ano hatting to?ittcn it in 
 Laiiiie,thcp caufeo bs to intcrpjete bnto them eclje fentence, to toft if toe bac crrco in anp too jc 
 Qno tohen both letters toere to?itten, thep macebs to reace them oucr ttoife mo?e.Ieali toe fl)ouIi3 
 Ijaue mittaken ougljt. 4Fo? tljep faio bnto bs: % ake heec that pe bncetflanc all things th?ough!p, 
 fo? if pou (boulc not bncetflanc tlje tohole matter aright, it might b?eeo fome inconuenience,?t!jcp 
 to?ote the faio letters alfo in tlje Saracen tonguc,tljat tljere might be fome founc in our Dominions 
 tofjicbtoulo reaceanointerpjete tljtm,ifntecujoitlo require, 
 
 How they were licenfed to depart. Qhaffi 1. 
 
 AJI3D (as our Tartars tolo bs) tlje Cmperottr toas purpofeo to (m his ambaflacojs tot'ttj bu. 
 iipotobcit.he toas ceflrous (as toe thottght)tljat toe our feluesfljoulbcraue tljat fauour at Ijiss 
 taffaS m " bancs. Snotoljen one of our Tartars being an ancient man,erljo?teSbs to make tlje faio petition, 
 toe tljought it not gaoc foj bs,tljat the Cmpero? fljoulo feno his ambau"aoours.SBljerfc?e toe gaue 
 Ijim anfuicre, that it toas not fo j bs to make anp fuch petition , but if it pleafeo the Cmperour of 
 Ijis otoneacco?c to feno them,toe tooulo oiligentlp (bp @oos au*tflance)fee tljem toncuctec in fafc 
 tie. ^otobeu,toethoughtiterpectentfo?bs,trjatthep3)oulOHotgoe, ano that fo?ciuerscau« 
 fes. f irfl.becaufetoefcareOjIeaflthep.feeingtljeotflentionsanotoarreStoljichare among bs, 
 (ijoulobethemojeenccurageotomaketearreagainflbS. gieconolp,toe feareo, tljat rijcptooalo 
 be infleace of fpies ano intelligencers in curoominions, izr.ljirclp,toe mifootibtec that tljcptooulo 
 be llatne bp the toap , jfo? our nations be arrogant ano p?cuo. if 0?. tohen as tljofe fcruants(toljiel> 
 at the reqttefi of the <£arDinall , attenoeo upon bBjnamelp tlje legates of Almaine) retutnrc bnto 
 him in tbeTartars fltttre, tljep toere almofl floneo in tlje toap, bp the Dutch, ano toere rompcllca 
 to put off tljofe garments . ano it is the Tartars cuflome,ntuer to bee reconcile bnto fuch as ijatte 
 flaine tljeir ambaflaoours, till tljep Ijaue reuengco tljcmfelues . jf ottrtljlp, ler.fl tljep ujoulo bee 
 taken from bs bp mspne fo?ce . JFiftlp.becaufe there coulo come no gooc bp their ambaffaoe,fo? 
 tljep toere toljaue none other rommiflum,o?autbojitie, but onelptoocltuer their Cmperours 
 letter bnto the pope, anototijep^uweSofChriftendome, tofjichberp fame letters toce ouc 
 
 feluejj 
 
 QTtje Scsatea 
 flic loach to 
 
 lent front ttie 
 Tartars totlje 
 
 «If)!UlUllS. 
 
TheTartars. Trairiques,aridDifcoueries. 
 
 7 1 
 
 flfrjefefc ioiir< 
 liepfl ofttielo 
 
 tjarroimtatii! 
 111113. 
 
 Ejlliy, 
 
 Cotrenfir. 
 
 relucs bao , ano uic knew ngtjt well, ttjat tnuclj bacme m: gtjt enfue cijcieot . 5Btjcrcfa?c,tbe tljirD 
 
 cap after tbts , namelp, upon tljc feafi of Saint Brice , tljep gauc us cur paGe~po?t ano a Letter jpoucmtcnj, 
 
 fcaleD toitb tljc (Emperoursoumefeale, fencing Us utuotlje Cmperottrs motljer , U.tjo gaue 
 
 unto cclje of us a gotone mane of jfore-ffcinnes , toitlj tbe furre on tlje outftDe, ano a piece of pur - <r &cp are re. 
 
 pie. anD our Tartars dole a parte out of cuerp one of cljem. 3no out oftljac tobtclj toas giuen unto gg* rt mi}} 
 
 our fertiant, t!icp ftolc tlje better Ijalfe, (KNjicIj falfc Dealing of tbeirs, toe Imcto toell inmg\h but 
 
 luotilo make no iug^s tljcreof, 
 
 How they returned homewards. Q?ap.tf. 
 
 T^cntahtngourtournfptoreturne.toetrauatleftaHfflUmterlong, Iping in ttjc Dcfcrtsofc 
 tctittmc0 upon ttjc Cnotu, except luttlj our fectctoeemaot apiece ofgromiDbareto !pe Upon, 
 jpo? cljerc toere no trees, but fljeplaine cljampion fielD. 9nn oftentimes in the mo? ning, toe f ouno 
 our felues all couereD toitb moto D?iuen ouer us bp tlje toinDc. 3nu fo trauailtng till tlje f call of our 
 JLo?dcs afccn{ton s tocarriueo at tlje court of Bathy. ©f tobomtoben toec IjaD enquircD , toljat 
 anfincrc Ije luoulD fcnD Dnca ottc lLo?u tlje l^opcije faiD tljat l)C Ij.id nothing to gtuctoia in eljargc^biit 
 onelp cbat toe fljoulo Diligentlp Dcliucr tbattobicb ctjc€mpcrcur Ijac tojitttcn. StiD, baiting recti* 
 ueo letters fo? our fafe conouct, tbe tbirtecntb Dap after pentecofl, being g>aterDap, toee lucre 
 ^jccccdcd asfarre as Montij, tuttlj tobome our fo?efaioe atToct'ates ano feasants rcmaineD.toljiclj 
 toere toitbijelo f rem us , ano toe caufco tbem to be DeliuercD untous. tfrcm bence toee trauailen 
 Unto Correnfa, to tobom, requiring gifts tlje feconD ttrnc at out Ijanos, toe gaue none, becatsfe toe 
 baonottoberetottball. 3nD bee appointcD us ttooComanians, toljiclj liueo among tlje common 
 people of tlje Tartars, to be our guioes Unto tlje citic of Kiow in RmTia, ipotobcir one of cur 
 Tartars pattco not from U(3,tiUtoe toere patt tbeutmoft garu of tlje Tartars/But ttje otber guioeg, 
 namelp tlje Comanians, toljiclj toere giucn us bp Correnfa, b?ottgbt us from tlje !aa game unto 
 tbe cicte of Kiow,intbefpaccof ItrcDapes . 9nDtljere toe arriueDRfteeneoapesbefoje tlje feaft 
 of Saint Iohn Baptift,2l9o?eouer, tbe Citizens of Kiow bailing intelligence of our appjocb, came 
 foo?tlj all oft!jcmtomeeteUS,tottbgreattop. JFo?tbepreiopccD otter us, as ouer men ijjac tjao 
 uenerifen from oeatb to life, &oIftsetotfetbepDiDDntoustb?ougbout allRuflla, Polonia, ano 
 Bohemia. Daniel atfcbisb?otber WafilicomaDeUsaropnllfeatt, anDtnterteineDtistoicljtbcm 
 againfi our toillcs fo? tbe fpace of rtgbt Dapctf, 3ln trje meane time,tljep toitb tljcir ISilJjops, ano o» 
 tljer men of acco tint, being in confutation together about t Ijofc matters tobiclj toe ij.iD p?opounu.cD 
 Unto tbem in our iourneptotoaros tbe Tartars, anftoereu us toitb common confent, Taping uljat 
 tbcp toottlD Ijoloe tlje Ipope fo? tljeir fpeciall ILojtr ane ^fatber, ano tlje Cljurcb of Rome fo? t Ijeic 
 Laop $ mittrciTe,confirmtnglibctoife al tljings toljiclj tljcp Ijao fent concerning Ujts matter,befo?e 
 our comming, bp tbeir Abbate. anD fo? tlje famepurpofe,tljcp fent tljeir ^mbaffacours ano let* 
 ters bp Us alfo, Unto our Lo?D tlje l^ope. 
 
 Itfnerariumfratris/^'^>/jw/Vt?^^r^«/j' de ordine 
 
 fratrutnMinorum,Galli, Annograti^ 1 25 3. ad 
 partes Orientates. 
 
 Xcellenciffimo Domino &Chriftianiffimo,Lodauico Dei gratia Regi Fran- 
 corum illuftri, frater Willielmus de Rubruquis in ordine riatrum Minorum 
 minimus fa!utem,& fempcr triumphare in Chririo, Scriptum ell in Eccle- e«Hs?. #!r,* 
 fiaflico de lapicrue , In terram alienarum gentium tranfibit, bona Sc ma la in 
 omnibus tentabk. Hocopus,DominemiRex, feci: fed vtinamvtfapiens 
 &nonflultus, Multienimfaciuntquod facit(apiens,fednon fapienter,fed 
 magis finite : de quorum numero timco me cfle. Tamen quocunque modo fecerim; quia 
 dixiftis mihi quando recefli avobis , vt omnia fcriberem vobis, quarcunque vidcrem inter 
 Tartaros , & etiam mouuift is vt non timerem vobis fcribere longas literas , facio quod iniun- 
 Xiftis : Cum timore camen & verecundia , quia verba congrua mihi non fuppetunr,qua' debe- 
 am tantae fcribere Maieftati . Nouerit ergo veftra fancla inaieftas , quod an'io Domini millef- 
 fimo ducenteffimo, quinquageffimo tertio,nonas Maij ingrefli lumus mare Ponti, quod Bul- 
 garici vocant^ Maius Mare: & habet mille odfto milliaria in longum, vt didici a mercatoribus, 
 &diilinguiturquafi in duas partes. Circa medium enim eius funt dua: prouinciat terra:, vna 
 ad Aquilonem, Sc alia ad meridiem. Ilia qua: eft ad meridiem dicitur Synopolis ; &eft caftrum 
 & porcusSoldaniTurcbar* Qua: veroad Aquilonem eft, eft Prouincia qusedam, qua? rune 
 
 dicitui 
 
 3uuc8. 
 
 l:om rjirp 
 
 lucre Vuclcom? 
 
 tDartijnr re- 
 
 nunc. 
 
 Ii jllrcs nnb !»;-■ 
 
 r.itl Jj JHKSS. 
 
yz The Englidi Voyages,Nauigations, TheTartars, 
 
 diciuir a Lacinis Gafaria , a Grxcis vero qui inhabitant cam fuper Jittus mans dicitur Callana, 
 - , hocelt Cxfaria. Istfuntpromontoriaquxdamcxtendentiafe in mare, & contra meridiem 
 
 verfus Synopolim,Et funt trecenta milliaria inter Synopolim & Caflatiam, Ita quod fine fep- 
 tingenta miliaria ab iftis punftis verfus Conftantinopolim in longum & latum : & feptingen- 
 ta verfus Orientcm: hoc eft, Hiberiam,qux eft prouinciaGeorgix , Ad prouinciam Gafa- 
 rixfiue Cafarixapplicuimus, qua: eft quafi triangularis, ad Occidentem habens ciuitatem, 
 quxdiciturKerlbua,in qua fuitSandtus Clemens marterizatus.Etnauigantescoraea vidimus 
 infulam in qua eft templum illud quod dicitur Angelicis manibus prxparatum. In medio veto 
 
 siWjia. quaiyncufpide ad meridiemhabet ciuitatem qui dicitur Soldaia,qti^ex tranfucrfo refpicit Sy- 
 
 nopo!im:Etilluc applicant onines Mercatores venientes deTurchia volentes ire ad terras A- 
 quilonares,& econtrario venientes de Roffia & tetris Aquilonaribus, volentes tranfirc in 
 Turchiam . Illi portant varium & grifiam, & alias pelles pretiofas . Alij portant telas dc cot- 
 tone fiuebombafio,&pannosfericoJ & fpeciesaromaticas. Ad Orienteveroilliusprouincise 
 
 Wjui§aciuitas. e ^ c j u ; tas q UI ^ ic \ zul Matriga,vbi cadit fluuius Tanais in mare Pontiper orificiumhabens la- 
 titudincm duodeccm milliarium, lllecnim fluuius anteqtiam ingrcdiatur mare Ponti, facie 
 quoddarh marc verfus Aquilonem, habens in latitudine & longitudine feptingintamilliaria, 
 nufquam habens profunditatem vlcrafexpaflus, vnde magna vafa non ingrediunturillud. 
 Sed mercatores de Conftantinopoli applicantes ad prxdic-tam ciuitatem Matertam , mittunt 
 barcasfuasvfqueadflumenTanaim,vtemantpifcesficcatos,fturiones,thofas,borbatas,&a- 
 lios pifecs infinitxmultitudinis.Pia:di6ta veroprouinciaCaflariacingitur mari in tribus lateri- 
 bus: ad Occidentem fcilicct,vbi eft Kcrfoua ciuitas Clementis,ad meridiem ubi eft ciuitas Sol- 
 daia,ad quam app!icuimus,quxeft cufpis prouincix,& ad Orientem Maricandis,vbi eft ciuitas 
 
 tils* Macerta,& orificium Tanais. Vltra illud orificium eft Zikia, qua; non obedic Tartaris: Et Sucui 
 
 &Hiberi ad Orientcm, qui non obediuntTartaris.Poftca verfus meridiem eft Trapefunda qug 
 habet proprium Dominum nomine Guidoncm, qui eft de gencre imperatorum Conftantino- 
 politanorum , qui obedit Tartaris : poftea Sy nopolis qua; eft Soldani Turchix qui fim'iliter o- 
 bedit : poftea terra Vaftacij cuius filius dicitur Aftar ab auo materno,quinon cbedit, Ab orift- 
 cio Tanais verfus Occidentem vfquead Danubium totum eft fubditum. Etiam vltra Danubi- 
 um vetfus Conftantinopolim, Valakia,qux eft terra Affani ,& minor Bulgaria vfque in Solo- 
 nomamomnesfoluunt eistributum. Et etiam vltra tributumcondidtum fumpleruntannis 
 nuper tranfaftis de c]ualibet domo fecurim vnam,& totum frumentum quodinuenerunt in 
 luafl'a. Applicuimuserg6Soldaigini2. Kalendas Iunij : & prxuencrant nos quidam merca- 
 tores de Conftantinopoli, qui dixerunt ven turosilluc nuncios de terra fancta volentes ire ad 
 Sartach.Ego tamen predicaueram public e" in Ramis Palmarum apud Sanctam Sophiam, quod 
 non eflem nuncius, nee vcfter, necalicuius,fed ibam apud ill os incredulos fecundum regulam 
 noftram. Tunccum appIicuiflem,monebant me dicti mercatores vt caute loquerer, quia dixe- 
 runt me effe nuncium , &finondiceremmeeflenuncium, quod nonprxbeieturmihirranfi- 
 tus, Tunc loquutus fum hoc modoad capitaneos ciuitatis,imo ad vicarios capitaneorum,quia 
 capitanei iuerant ad Baatu portantes tributum, & non fuerant adhuc reuerli, Nos audiuimus , 
 dixi , de'Domino veftro Sartach in Terra Sanfta quod cfiet Chriftianus :& gauifi funt inde ve- 
 hementer Chtiftiani, & prxcipue Dominus Rex Francotum Chriftianillimus, qui ibi peregri- 
 natur,&pugnatcontraSaracenos , vteripiatlocafanittade manibus eorum: vnde volo ire ad 
 Sartach , & portare ei literas Domini Regis , in quibus monet eum de vtilitacc totius Chrifti- 
 anitatis . E t ipfi receperunt nos gratanter, & dederun: nobis hoipitium in ecclefia Epifcopali. 
 EtEpifcopusipfiusecclcfixfueratadSartach,quimultabonadixitmihi de Sartach, qua: ego 
 poftea non inueni.Tunc dederunt nobis optionem vtrum vellemus habere bigas cum bobus ad 
 portandumresnoftrajvelequosprofummarijs.Etmercatores Conftantinopolitaniconfulue- 
 runt raihi quod non accipcrem bigas,imo quod emerem proprias bigas coopcrtas , in quibus 
 apportant Rutcni pelles fuas, 8c in illis includerem res noftras quas vellem quotidie deponere, 
 quia fi accipcrem cquos,oportcret me in qualibet Heibergia deponere & reponere fuper alios, 
 & prxterea equitarcm ientiori greffu iuxta boues.Et tunc acquieui confilio eorum maio, turn 
 quia fui in itinere vfq; Sarthach duobus mcnfibus,quod potuiflem vno menfc fecilTe, fi iuifiem 
 equis.Attuleram mecum de Conftantinopoli fiudtus & vinum mufcatum,&bifco6tum delica- 
 tumdeconfiliomercatorumadprgfentanducapitaneisprimiSjVtfaciliuspateretmihitranfitus; 
 quia nullus apud cos refpicitur rcdns oc ulis,qui venit vacua manu.Qux omnia pofui in vua bi- 
 ga,quando no inueniibi capitaneos ciuitatis,quia dicebat mihi,quod gratiflima fbret Sarthach, 
 fi poflcm deferre ca vfq; ad ei\ Arripuimus ergo iter tunc circa Kalend. Iunij cum bigis noftris 
 quatuor coopertis & cu alijs duabus quas accepimus ab eis,In quibus portabantur leftiftcrnia 
 ad dormiendu de noflCjcV quinque equos dabanc nobis ad equitandum. E ram us enim quinq; 
 
 perfons. 
 
 
*Tbe Ta rt ars. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 87 
 
 pcifoua:. Ego & focius mcus tjater Banholomeus tie Cremona, & Gofet lator pra;Jer)cium 5 o£ 
 homodeiTurgemannus, & puerNicolaus, quem emeram Conltantinopoli denofiraelec- 
 mofy.ia. Dedeiunt etiam duos homines qui ducebant bigas Sc cuftodiebnnt boues & equos. 
 Sunt autem alca pr omontoria fuper Mare a Kerfoua vfquc ad orificium Tanais : & funt qua- 
 draoiuti caRella inter Kerfcuam& Soldaiain,quorumquodlibet fere habctproprium idioma; 
 inter quos erantmulti Goti, quorum idioma ell Teutonicum, Pott ilia momana verfus A- 
 quilonem ell pulcberrimafylua in pianicie, plena fontibus &riuulis: Et poll illam fyluam 
 eft planicies maxima, quasdurat perquinquedietasvfquead extremitatem llhus prouincia; 
 ad aquilonem,qu3; coardatur habens Mate ad Orieiv.em & Occidentem : Ita quod eft vnum 
 foftatum magnum abvno Marivfque ad aliud. In ilia pianicie folebant effc Comaniantc- 
 quamvenircntTartari, & cogebant ciuitates pra:di6tas &caftravtdarenteis tributum, Ec 
 cum venerunt Tartari, tanta mukitudo Comanoru intrauit prouinciam illam , qui omnes fu- 
 serunt vfque ad ripam Maris, quod comedebant (e mutuo viuimorientes: fecundum quod 
 narrauitmihiquidamm:rcator, quihoc vidit: Quod viuideuorabanc & lacerabant denti- 
 buscarnescrucUs mortuorum, ficut canes cadauera. Verfus extremitatem illius prouincise 
 fuutlacusmulti &magni: in quorum ripis funt fontes faimaftri, quorum aqua, quam cito 
 intratlacum , effidt ialem durum admodum glacici. Etde illis fahnishabenrBaacu&Sar- 
 tachmagnos reditus: quia de totaRuflia veniuntilluc pro fale: & de qualibet biga onufta 
 danc duastelas decottone valentesdiraidiam Ipperperam. Veniunt & per Mare multa' naues 
 profale, qua; omnes dant tribiKum fecundum iui qumtitatem. Pcftquam ergoiec: ftimus 
 de Soldaia, tenia die inuenimus Tartaros : inter quos cum intraueram , vilurn fuit mini 
 reite quod ingredererquoddam aliud farculum, Quorum vitam & mores vobis defcribam 
 prout polTum. 
 
 De Tartans <& domilus eorum. 
 
 NVfquani habent manemem ciuitat'em, fed futuram ignorant, Inter'fe diuiferunt Scy- 
 thiam, qua:durat a Danubio vfque ad ortumiolis. EtquiiibetCapitaneus, fecundum 
 quod habetpluresvel paucioies homines fubfc, fcitterminospafcuorumfuorum, &vbi de- 
 bet pafcerehyeme& sftaie , vcre & autumno. In hyeme enim defcendunt ad calidiores 
 rcgiones verfus meridiem. In adtateafcendunt ad frigidiores verfus aquilonem.Locapafcuofa 
 line^quispafcunr in hyeme quando eft ibi nix, quia niuem habent pro aqua. Domum in 
 qua dormiunt fundant fuper rotam de virgis cancellatis, cuius tigna funt dc virgis , & con- 
 veniuntin vnamparuulam rotam fuperius, dc qua afcendit colluni furfum tan quam fumi- 
 gatorium, quam cooperiuntfiltroalbo: & frequentiusimbuunt etiam filtrumcalcevel terra 
 alba & puluere olTium,vt albens fplendeat, & aliquando nigio. Et fihrum illud circa collum 
 fuperius decorant pukhiavarietatepiclura?. Antcoftiumfimiliter fuipendunt fikrumopcre 
 polimitario variatum, Confumunt enim filtrum coloratura infaciendo vitcs&arbores, aues 
 & beftias. Et faciunt tales domos ita magnas , quod habent triginta pedes in latitudine. 
 Ego enim menfuraui iemel latitudinem inter vefhgia rotarum vnius biga: viginti pedum: 
 & quando domus erat fuper bigam excedebat extra rotas in vtroque latere quinque pe- 
 dibus ad minus. Ego numeiaui in vna biga viginti duos boues ttahentes vnam do- 
 nmm : Vndecem in vno ordine fecundum latitudinem biga;, & aliosvndeccm anteillos: 
 Axis biga; erat magnus ad modum arboris nauis : Et vnus homo ftabat in oltio domus 
 fuper bigam minans boues. Infuper faciunt quadrangulos de virgulis fifTis attenuatis ad 
 quantitatem vnius area; magna; : & poftea de vna extremitate ad aliam elcuant tellu- 
 dinem de fimilibus virgis, & oftiolum faciunt in anteriori extremitate : & poftea coopc- 
 riunt illam ciftam fiue domunculam filtro nigro imbuto feuo fiue lacte ouino, ne poffic 
 penetraripluuia: quod fimilitcr decorant opere polimitario vel plumario. Etin talibus arcis 
 ponunt totam fuppelletftilem fuam & thefaurum : quas ligant foniter fuper bigas alieras 
 quas trahunt cameh, vt poffint tranfuadare flumina. Tales areas nunquam deponunt de 
 bigis. Quando deponunt domus fuas manfionarias , femper venunt portam ad me- 
 ridiem; & confequentercollocant bigas cum arcis hinc &inde prope domum addimidium 
 iadtum lapidis : ita quod domus flat inter duos ordmes bigarum quail iutcr duos muros, 
 
 G Matrona; 
 
 
74. The En glifti Voyages,Nauigations ? The Tart ars. 
 
 Matrons faciunt fibi.pulcherrimas bigas, quasnefcirem vobisdefcribcrenifiperpidtutam. 
 BNot* II Imo omnia depinxifiemvobisfifciuiflempingere, VnusdiuesMoalfiue Tartarhabet bene 
 
 tales bigas cum arcisducentas vel centum, Baatu habet fexdecem vxores : qua?libet habct 
 vnam inagnam domum, exceptisalijs paruis, quascollocantpoft magnam , qua; funtquafi 
 camera:; in quibus habitant puellae. Ad quamlibet iftarum domorum appendent ducentas 
 biga\ Et quando dcponunt domus, prima vxordeponit fuam curiam in capite occidental!, 
 & poftea ali£E fecundum ordinern fuum : ita quod vltima vxor erit in capite Orientali : & eric 
 fpacium inter curiam vnius dominx &alterius, ia6tus vnius Japidis. Vnde cuiia vnius di- 
 uicis Moalapparebit qualivna magna Villa: tunc pauciffimi viri erunt in ea. Vnamulicrcula 
 ducetcio. bigas vel 50, Terra enim plana eft. Et ligant bigas cum bobus vel camelis vnam 
 poftaliam: & fedebit muliercuiainanteriori minans bouem, & omnes alii pari greflu fe- 
 quentur. Sicontmgat venire ad aliquem malum paffum, foluunt eas &f tranfducunt figil- 
 latim : Vadunt enim lento greflu, ficut agnus vel bospoteft ambulare, 
 
 De leElis eorum &poculis. 
 
 POftquam depofucrint domus verfa porta ad meridiem, collocant le&um domini ad par- 
 tem aquilonarem. Locus mulieiumeft femper ad latus Orientale hoc eft ad finiftrum do- 
 mini domus cum fedet in kdtofuo verfa facie ad meridiem : locus verovirorum ad latus oc- 
 cidcntale,hoc eft ad dextrum. Viri ingredicntes domum nullo modo fufpenderent pharecram 
 ad partem mulierum,Et fuper caput Domini eft fempervna imago quafipuppa &ftatuuncula 
 de filtro, quam vocant fratrem dominkalia fimilis luper caput dominie, quam vocant fratrem 
 doming , affixa parieti : & i iipeiius inter vtramque illarum eft vna paruula, macilenta, quse eft 
 quaficulios tonus domus.Domina domus ponit ad latus fuum dextrum ad pedes lefti in emi- 
 nent! loco pellicular^ hoedinam impletamlana vel alia materia, & iuxta illam ftatuunculsm 
 paruulamrefpicientemfamu'as &muliercs. Iuxta ofiium ad partem trulieris eft iterum alia 
 imago cum vberc vaccino, promulieribusqua:munguntvaccas. De officio fxminarum eft 
 mun^ere vaccas. Ad aliud latus oliij veilns viios eft alia fiatua cum vbere equa: pro virisqui 
 mungunt equas, Etcura conuenennt adpotandumprimolparguntde potuilli imagini,qu£e 
 .eft fuper caput domini : pcftea alijs imaginibus per ordinern : poftca exit minifler demura 
 cumcipho & potu, &ipargitter ad meridiem,qualibet vice fledendo genu; Si hoc ad rcue- 
 reiv.iam ignis :po(fea adOrientemadreuerentiam aeris:pofteaad Occidcntem ad reueren- 
 tiarn aqua? : ad aquilonem proijeiunt pro mortuis. Quando tenet dominus ciplium in 
 manu & debet bibere, tunc primo antequam bb.it, infundit terra; partem fuam. Si bij^itfe- 
 dens fuper equum, infundit antequam bibat, luper collum vel crinem equi. Poftquam vero 
 miniftcrfiefparferitad quatuorlateramundi, reucrtitur in domum & hint parati duo famuli 
 cum duobus ciohis&totidem patenis vtdeferant potum domino & vxori fedenti iuxta cum 
 furfuminledto. Et cum habet plures vxores, ilia cum qua dormit in ncifte fedet iuxta cum in 
 die: & oportetquodomnesaliseveniantaddomumillam illadie adbibenckim : &ibitene- 
 turcuriailladie: & xenia qiiasdcferuntur, ilia deponuntur in thefaurisillius deminae, Ban- 
 cus ibi eft cum v tre lac-tis vel cum alio potu & cum aphis. 
 
 Depotibus eorum & qualiter prouocant alios 
 
 ad bibendum. 
 
 i"""7 Aciunt in hy erae optimum potum,dc rifio,de millio,de melle : claret ficut vinum, Et defer- 
 tur eis vinum a remotis parcibus. In Deflate non curant nifi de Cofmos, Stat fempet infra 
 domum ad introitum porta;,8c iuxta illud ftatcitharifta cumcitherulafua,Citheras& vielas 
 nofttas non vidi ibi.fed multa alia infirumenta.qusapud nos non habentur. Et cum incipit bi- 
 simiiiter in bere tunc vnus miniftrorii exclamat alta voce,H A : & citbarifta percutit cicharum. Et qusndo 
 jfiojiDa. faciunt feftum magnum,tunc omnes plaudunt manibus & fai tant ad vocem cithara;,viti coram 
 
 Domino, cVmulieres coram domina. Et poftquam dominus biberit,tunc exclamat minifler fi- 
 cut prius,& tacet ckharifla : tunc bibunt omnes in circuitu viri & mulieres : & aliquando bibunt 
 ceiratim valde turpiter & gulofe, Et quando volunt aliquem prouocare ad potu arripiunt eum 
 per aures&trahuntfortitervtdilatent eigulam,&p'audunr& faltant coram co. Item cum ali- 
 qui volunt fa cere magnum feftum & gaudium, vnusaccipitciphum plenum, & alijduofunc 
 ci a dextris & finiftris: & fie illi ttes veniunccantantesvfquead ilium cui debent porrigere 
 ciphum,&cantant& faltant coram eo:& cum porrigitmanum ad recipiendum ciphum, ipli 
 
 fubito 
 
The Tar tars. Trafrliq ues, and Difcoueries. 71 
 
 fubitore(iliunt,&Kerum ficuc priusrcueituiuur, & ficilluduntei tervelquaterretrahendo 
 ciphum, donee fuerit bene exhileratus & bonum habeac appetitum, & tunc dant ci ciphum, & 
 cantant & plaudunt manibus & terunc pedibus donee biberit, 
 
 De cibarys eorum. 
 
 DEcibis &vi<5rualibuseorumnoueritis, quod indifferentcr comedunt omnia morticinia 
 (ua, Et inter tot pecora & armenta non poteft effe quin multa animalia moiiantur. 
 Tamen in sftate quamdiu durat eis cofmos, hoc eft lacequinum.non curant dc aliocibo. 
 Vnde tunc ficontingateismonbouemvelequum,ficcantcarnesfcindcndo per tenuespecias 
 & fufpendendo ad lbleoi & ven;um,quse ftatim fine fale fiecantur abfque aliquo fanore. Dc 
 ihteftinis equorum faciunt andulges meliores quam de porcis : quas comedunt recentes: 
 reliquss carncsreferuantadhyemem. Depellibus bourn faciunt vtres magnos, quosmira- 
 bilitcr ficcant ad fumum. De pofteriori parte pellis equi faciunt pulciierrimos foculares. De 
 carne vniusarietisdantcomedere quinquaginta hominibusvel centum. Scinduntenimmi- 
 nutatim in fcutella cum fale & aqua, aliam enim falfam non faciunt, & tunc cum punclo cul- 
 telli velfurcinula, quas proprias faciuntad hoc, cum quafolemuscomederepira&poma 
 cofta in vino, porriguntcuilibetcircumftantium bucccllam vnam velduas, fecundummul- 
 titudinem comedentium. Dominus antequam proponitur caro arieiis inprimoipleaccipit 
 quod placet ei : & etiam fi dat alicui partem fpecialem , oportet quod accipiens comedae 
 eamfolus, & nemini licet dare ei. Si non poteft totum comederc, «fportatfecum, veldat 
 garcioni uio,fieftpre!ens, quicudodiatei: fin aliter, recondit in faptargat fuo, hoc eft in 
 burfa quadrats, quam portant ad recondendum omnia talia , in qua 5c ofla recondiint, 
 quandononhabent fpacium benerodendi ca, vt poftearodant, nepersat aliquiddecibo. 
 
 Quomodo faciunt Cofmos. 
 
 I Plum Cofmos,hoc eft lac iumentinum fit hoc modo, Extendunt cordam longam fuper ter- 
 rain ad duos palosfixos in terra, & ad illam cordam liganccirciter horastres.pullos equa- 
 rum quas volunt mungere. Tunc ftant matres iuxta pullos luos & permittunt fc pacifice 
 mungi. Et G aliqua eft nimis indomita, tunc accipit vnus homo pullum & fupponit ei permit- 
 tensparumfugere, tunc retrahit ilium, &cmundor lactis fuccedic, Congregata ergo multi- 
 tudineladtis , quod eft itadulceficut vaccinum, dumeftrecens, fundunt illud in magnum 
 vtrem fiue bucellam, & incipiunt illud concutere cum Iigno ad hoc aptato , quod groflum eft 
 inferius ficut caput hominis & cauatum fubtus : & quam cito concutiunt illud , incipit bullire 
 ficut vinum nouu,& acefcere fiue fermentari,& excutiunt illud donee cxtrahant butirum.Tunc 
 guftant illud; &quando eft temperate pungitiuumbibunt: pungic enimfuper linguam ficut 
 vinum rafpei dum bibitur. Et poftquam homocefTat bibere, relinquit iaporem fupcr lin- 
 guam la6tis amygdalini, & multumredditinteriora hominis iucunda, & etiam inebriat de- 
 bilia capita : mulcum etiam prouocatviinam. Faciunt etiam Cara-cofmos , hoc eft nigrum 
 cofmosadvfum magnorumdominorum, hoc modo. Lac equinumnon coagulatur. Ratio 
 enim eft : quod nullius animalis lac nifi cuius feect venter no» inuenitur coagulum. In ventre 
 pulli equi non inuenitur: vnde lac equinon coagulatur. Concutiunt ergo lac in tantum, 
 quod omnino quod fpiflumeft in eo vadat ad fundumreita, ficut farces vini,'& quodpurum 
 cftremanctfupeiius, & eftficutferum, & ficut muftum album, Farces funt alba? multum,& 
 dantur feruis, & faciunt mulcum dormire. Illud clarum bibunt domini : & eft pro certo valde 
 fuauispotus&bomefficaciz.Baatuhabct 50.cafaliacircaherbergiamfuamadvnamdietam, 
 quorum vnumquodq; qualibetdicferuiteide tali ladle centum equatum,hoceft,quahbet die 
 lac trium millium equaru,excepto alio lafte albo,quod deferunt alij. Sicut enim in Syria ruftici 
 dant tertiam partem frucluum,quam ipfi afferunt ad curias dominorum fuorum,ita & ifti lac c- 
 quaru tertian diei. De la6te vaccino primo extrahunt butyiu & bulliunt illud vlquc ad perfefta 
 deco£tione,& pofteareconduntilludinvtribus arierinis quosadhoc referuant 4 Etnonponunt 
 fal in butiro: tamen propter magnam decodlione non putrefcit : & refcruant illud contra hye- 
 mem.R efiduii lac quod rcmanet poft butirum permittunt acefcere quantum acrius fieri poteft 
 & bulliunt illud, & coagulatur bulliendo, & coagulum illud deficcant ad fblem, & effickur 
 durum ficut fcoria ferri. Quodreconduntin faccis contrahyemem : tempore hyemaliquando 
 
 G 2 deficit 
 
-' '"— "■ ■ ■— ■■ ' .... — , ,-- . mm 
 
 7<5 The Englidi Voyages, Navigations, The Tartars* 
 
 deficit eis lac, poiiunt llludacre coagu ; um, qtiodipfivocant gn-vt,in vtre, & iuperinfundunt 
 aauam calidarn^ cVconcudunt fort iter donee liludreioluatur in aqua; qua: ex illo efheiturtota 
 acetofa, ££ :11am aquambibunt loco ladtis. Surmise cauent ne bibant aquam puram. 
 
 De beflijs cjuas comedunt, & de veflibus, ac 
 
 de venatione eorum, 
 
 Agfridomini babentcafaliavcrfus meridiem, de quibus afterunt eis milium & farinajm 
 I contra liycmem. pauperes procurant libi pro anetibus & pellibus commutando. Sclaui 
 ctiam impkntventremfuumaquacraffi, & hac content! iunt. Mures cum longiscaudis non 
 comedunt & omne genus murium habens curtam cauda'm, Sunt etiam ibi multse marmotes, 
 quas ipfi vocant Sogur : quae conueniunt in vnafcucainbyeme20.vel jo.pariter, & dor- 
 miunt lex menfibus :quas capiuntin magna multitudirie. Sunt etiam ibi, cuniculi habentes 
 Jongamcaudamficut cati; & in fummitate Cauda: habent pilos nigros & albos, Habent & 
 multas alias beftiolasbonas adcomedendtim: quas ipfi valde bene difcernunt. Ceruosnon 
 vidi ibi, !eporcspaiicosvidi,°afelosmul'os. Afinosfylueftres vidi in magna multitudine, qui 
 funt quad muli. Vidi & aliud genus animalis quod dicitur Artak,quod habet rede corpus arie- 
 tis&cornuatorra, fed rants quantitatis , quod vixpotcram vnamanu leuare duocornua:& 
 faciimtde comibusillisciphos magnos. Ea'abcnt falconcs, giifakones,&hcrodios in magna 
 multiuuiinc • quos omnes pcrtant fuper manumdexteram :&ponunt femperfalconi vnam 
 corrigiamparuulam circa coll um,qua:pcndcrei vfque ad medietatempecloris: per quamcum 
 proijciant'cu:nadpredani,inclinantcumfini(liamanu caput & pectus ralconis,nevetberetur a 
 vento,vel ne fcraturfurfunn. Magnum ergo partem viclusfui at quirunt venationc.Devefiibus 
 &liabiuieoruinnouerius,nuoddeCataya &alijs regionibusOricntis, & etiam dePcrfide& 
 Miiiot alij's regionibus aulni veniunt eis paiini ferici & aurci, & tela: de bambafio,quibus induuntur in 
 
 nun S .iui s fta tc ', DcRu(Ti3,dc Moxel,& Maiore Bulgaria &Pafcatir, qua: eft maierHungaria,& Kern's: 
 
 (qu£ omnes funt regiones ad Aquilonem & plena; fyluis;)& alijs multis regionibus ad latus a- 
 quilouarCjCjUae eis obediunt, adducuntur eis pelles preciofe muki generis : quas nunqua vidi in 
 pmibus-noftris: Quibus induuntur in hyeme. Et hciunt Temper in hyemeduaspelliceas ad 
 minus: vnam, cuius pilus eft ad cai nem : aliam cuius pilus eli extra contraventum& niues, 
 qua* multotics funt dc pellibus lupinis vclvulpibus velpapionibus. Et dumfedentindomo 
 habent aliam delkatiorem. Pauperes faciunt illas cxtcricres de canibus& capris, Quum 
 volant venari feras, conueniunt magna multitudo & circundant rcgioncm in qua fcium reras 
 ciTe, &paulatim appropinquant fibi,doneeccncludant fcras inter le quad infra circulum, & 
 tunc fagitant ad car. faciunt etiam braccas de pellibus. Dilutes etiam furrant veftesfuasde 
 fiupa feta:,qu;eeftfupra medum mollis, &kuis&calida. Pauperes furrant veftes detela de 
 bambafiojdedelicatiori lana quam pofTunt extrahere: dc erefliori faciunt filtrum ad coo- 
 petieiidum demos fuas & ciftas, & adleftiftcrnia, Delana etiam & tertiapartepilorumequi 
 admixta/aciunt cordas fnas.De filtro etiam faciunt pauellas fub icllis,& capas contra pluuiam. 
 Nota. Vnde multum cxpenduntde lana.Habitumvircrum vidiftis. 
 
 DerafuraYirorum tsrornatu mnlierum. 
 
 VIri radunt in fummitate capitis quadrangulum , & ab anterioribus angulis ducunc 
 rafuram crit'ia: capitis vfque ad tempora, Radunt etiam tempora & collum vfque ad 
 fummum concauitatis ceruicis: & frontem anterius vfque ad frontinellam, fuper quani 
 relinquunt manipulum pilorum defcendentitim vfque ad fupercilia : In angulis occipitis 
 fcliiiquunt ciines, quibus faciunt tricas, quas fuccingunt nodando vfque ad aures. Ec 
 habitus puellarum non differt ab habitu virorum, nifi quod aliquantulumefl longior, Sed 
 incraftino poltquam eft nuptaradit caluariamfuam a medictate capitis verfus frontem, &C 
 habec tunicam latamficut cucullam monialis, & per omnia latiorem & longiorem, fiifam 
 anre, qium ligat fub dextro latere. In hoc enim difrerunt Tartari a Turns: quodTurci 
 ligant tunicas fuas ad finiftram, Tartan femper ad dextram. Pollea habent ornamentum 
 capitis, quod vecant botta, qucd fit de cortice arborisvel alia materia, quam pofiunt in- 
 uenire, ieuiorc : & eft groffum & rotundum, quantum poteft duabus manibus complecti; 
 longum vero vnius cubiti & plus, quadrum fuperius, ficut capitellum vnius columnar. Iftud 
 botta coopcriunt panno ferico preciofo; & eft concauum interius : & fuper capitellum in 
 
 modio 
 
The Tartars, Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 77 
 
 medio vcl (uper qua Jratura illam ponunt virgulam dc calamis pennarum vcl cannis gracilibus 
 lon°itudmis fcilicetvniuscubiti&plus: & illam fibi virgulam ornant fuperius depennispa- 
 uonis, & per longum in circuitu pennulis cauda: malardi, & etiam lapidibus prarciofis. Diuites 
 doniinsiftudonianientum ponunt in fummitate capitis quod ftringunt fbrtitcr cum almucia, 
 que foramen habet in fummicate ad hocaptatu,&in iftoreconduntcrincs fuos quosrecolliguc 
 a parte pofteriori ad lummitatcm capitis quafi in nodo vno & reponunt in illo botta,quod po- 
 ftea fortiterli°anc iubgutture. Vndequumequitantplures domina: fimul & videnturalonge, 
 apparent milites,habentesgaleas in capitibus cum lanceis eleuati?, IUud enim bottaapparet 
 oaleadefuperlencca* Ecfedent omnes nvuliercs fuper equos ficutviti diuerfificantes coxas; 
 & ligant cucullas fuas panno ferico aerij colons fuper rencs,& aliafafcia ftringunt ad mamillasi 
 Sclioancvnampeciamalbam iiib occuiis, qua: defcendit vfque ad pectus. Etfunt mulicres 
 mira; pin°uedinis, 8c qua: minus habet denafopulchrtorreputacur. Deturpant etiam turpiter 
 pinguedine fades fuas : nuuquam cubantirile&opropuerperio. 
 
 :., 
 
 De officio mulierum, & operibus earum,ae de 
 
 nuptrjs earum. 
 
 OFic'um fceminarum eft ducere bigas, ponere dbrnus fuper eas & deponere,rnungere 
 vaccasjfaccrcbutirum&griut, parare pelles, & confuereeas, quas confuunt filodc- 
 neruis. diuiduntenim neruosin minutafila, &poftcai!la contorquent in vnum longum fi- 
 lum. Confuunt etiam foculares & loccos & alias veftes, Veftes veronunquam lauant, quia 
 dicunt quod Deus tunc irafcitur, & quod flam tonitruafi fufpendanturad ficcandum: Imo 
 lauantesverbcrant& eis auferunr.Tonitruafupra modum timent: tunc omnes extraneos e- 
 mittunt de domibus fuis; & inuoluunt fe infiltris nigris, in quibus latitanr, donee tranfierir. 
 Nunqua etialauant fcutellos, imo carne coila alueu in quo debent ponere earn lauant brodio 
 bullientc de caldaria,& poftea refundunt iii caldariam .faciunt & filtrum & cooperiunt domos. 
 Viri faciunt folum arcus&fagittas, fabricant ftrepas&frsena, & faciunc cellas , carpentant 
 domos & bigas : cuftodiunt equos & mungunt equas , concutiunt ipfum cofmos & lac equi- 
 num, faciunt vtres in qaibus reconditur: cuftodiunt etiam camelos, Sconcranceos. Oues 
 & Capras cuftodiunt mixtim & muligunt aliquandb viri, aliquatldo muHercs, De laite p « U!um P atatj3 
 ouium infpiflato & klfo parant pelles* Cum volunt manus vel captit lauare implcnt os 
 fuum aqua & paulatim Fundunt dc ore fuo fuper manus , & eadem hume<5tant crines 
 fuos, & lauant caput fuum, Dcnuptijseorumnouericis, quod nemo habet ibi vxorem nift 
 emat earn : vnde aliquando funt puella? multUm advlta; antequam nubant : femper e- 
 nim tenent eas parentes , donee vendant eas* Seruant etiam gradus confanguinitatis pri- 
 mum & fecundum : nullum autem feruant aflfinitatis. Habenc enim fimul vcl fuccefliue 
 duas forores.NullaVidua nubit inter eos,hacratione; quia credunt quod omnes qui feruiunc 
 eis in hac vita feruient in futura.Vnde de vidua credunr.quod femper reuertitur poft morte m ad 
 primum maritum. Vnde accidit turpis confuetudo inter eos quod filius feiheet ducit aliquando 
 omnes vxores patris fui.excepta matre* Curia enim patris & matris femper accidit iuniori fillo. 
 Vndeoportet quod ipfeprouideat omnibus vxoribus patris fui,quia adueniunt ex cum curia 
 paterna, Et tunc C\ vult vtitur eis pro vxoribus , quia non rcputat fibi iniuriam, fi rcuertatuf 
 ad patrempoft mortem. Cum ergo aliquis fecerit pactum cum aliquo de filia accipienda, 
 facit pater puelli conuiuium, & ilia fugit ad confanguineos, vt ibi latest : Tunc pater 
 dicit, Ecce filia mca tua eft, accipe cam vbicunque inucneris: Tunc ille quamt earn cum 
 amicisfuis, donee inveniat earn, &oportet, quod vi capiat earn, & ducac earn quafi violenter 
 ad domuin, 
 
 De iufticijs eorum & iudicijs, et de morte ac 
 
 fepulturtt eorum. 
 
 DE iufticijs eorum rioueritis, quod quando duo homines pugnant , nemo audet fc inter- 
 mittere. Etiam pacer non audet inuarefilium. Sed qui pciorcm partem habet, appellat 
 ad curiam domini. Et fi alius poft appellationem tangat eum, interficitur* Sed oportet quod 
 ftatim abfque dilationc vadat : Et ille qui paflus eft iniuriam ducit eum quafi captiuum, Nemi- 
 nem puniunt capitali fententia, niii deprehenfus fuerit in fa<fio,vel confeflus. Sed quum diffa- 
 matus eft a pluribus,bene torquent eum,vt confiteatur. Homicidiu puniunt capitali fententia, 
 & etiam coicum cum non fua.Non fuam dico vel vxorem vcl famulam: Sua enim fclaua licet vti 
 
 G 3 prouc 
 
78 The Englifh Voyages, Navigations, The Tartars. 
 
 prout libet. Item cnorme furcum puniunt morce. Prokui turto,ficut pro vno ariete,dummodo> 
 non fuerit faepe dcprehcnfus in h 3c,verberant crudeli'ter. £t fi dant centum iclus oportec quod 
 habeant centum baculos, deillisdico, qui verberantur fententia curiar. Item falfos nuncios, 
 quia faciu nt fe nuncios & non funt.inrerficiunr. Item facrilegas, de quibus dicam vobis poftea 
 plenius,quia tales replicant vcneficas.Quando aliquis moritur plangunt vehemeter vlulando: 
 &tunc funeiiberiquod non dant vedligal vfque ad annum. Ec fi quis intereft morti alicujus 
 aclulci, non ingredictirdomumipfiusMangucham vfque ad annum. Si paruulus eft quimori- 
 tur,noningted:turvtquepoft lunationem. Iuxra fepulturam defuncli Temper relinqunt do- 
 mum vnam. Sieltdeiiobilibus , hocettdegenereChingis, qui fuit primus pater & dominus 
 eorum, illius qui moritur ignoratur fepultur-a: & femper circa loca ilia vbiiepeliuntnobilcs 
 fuos eft vnaberbergia homirium cufiodientium iepulturas. Non intellexi quod ipfirecon- 
 dunt theiaurum cum monuis. Comani faciunt magnum tumulum fuper defunftum & erigunt 
 eiftatuamverfa facie adorientem, tenentemciphumirt manu fuaante vmbelicum, fabneanc 
 &diuitibuspyramides, idelt domunculas acutas: & alicubi vidi magnasturres de tegulis 
 coclis : alicubi lapideasdomos, quamuislapides noninuenianturibi. Vidiquendamnoui- 
 terderun6tam ) cuifurpeTTderantpellesfexdecem eqqomm, ad quodlibet latus mundi qua- 
 tuor inter perticas ahas: & appofueruritei cofmos v.t.biberet,&: carnes vt comederet: & tamen 
 dicebantdeilloquodfueratbaptizatu's. Alias vidr fepukuras veifus orientem. Areas fciliceC 
 magaasilruclas lapidtbus, aliquas rotundas, aliquas quadratas ,& poftea quatuorlapi- 
 des longos ereelos ad quatuor regiones mundi circa aream. Et vbi aliquis infirmacur 
 cubat in le6to &ponit'fignum fuper demum fuam, quod ibi eft infirmus, & quod nullus in- 
 grediaxur: vnde nullus vrfitatinfirmurnnifi feruiens eius. Quando etiani ahquis de niagnis 
 curijs infirmatur, pontine cuftodes longe circa curiam, qui infra illosterminos neminemper- 
 mittunt tranfii e : timent enim ne mali fpiritus vel ventus veniant cum ingredientibus, Ipfos di- 
 uinatores vocant tanquam facerdotes fuos. 
 
 Qualiter ingrefsi funt inter Tartaros,& de 
 
 ingratitudine eorum. 
 
 QVando ergo ingrefii fumus inter illos baibaros, vifumfuitnuhi, vtdixi fuperius, quod 
 ingredcreraliudfseculum. Circumdedeiuntenim nos in equispoflquam diufecerant 
 nqs expeftare iedentes in vmbra fub bigis nigris. Prima qua;ftio fuit,vtrum vnquam fuiffemus 
 inter.eos, habitoquodnon : mceperuntimpudenterpeteredecibarijsnoftris, &dedimusde 
 pane biicQc3:o& vino quodattuleramus nobifcum de villa : & potata vnalagena vini,petierunt 
 aIiam,dicentes,quod homo non ingrediturdomum vno pede.nondedimuseis,exculantesnos 
 quod parum haberemus. Tunc quajfiuerunt vnde veniremus,& quo vellemus ire.dixi eis fupe- 
 rioraverba,quodaudieramus de Sartach, quodefletChriftianus, & qucd velltmireadcurn, 
 quia habebam deferre ei literas veftras, Ipfi diligenter qu£fiuerunt,vrrum«irem de mea volun- 
 tate,vel vtrum mitterer. Ego refpondi quod nemo coegit me ad eundum, nee iuiflem nifi vo- 
 luiflem : vnde de mea voluntate ibam, & etiam de voluntate fuperioris mei. Bene caui, quod 
 nunquam dixi,me effe nuncium veftrum. Tunc qusfiuerunt quid eflet.in bigis,vtrum eflet au- 
 rumvelargentum, vclveftesprcciofx, quas deferrem Sartach, Ego refpondi, quod Sartach 
 viderctquiddeferremusei,quandoperucniremusadeum; & quod non intererat eotum ifia 
 qua:rere : fed facerent me deduci vfque ad capitaneumfuum, & ipfefi vellet mihiprxbere du- 
 catum vfque od Sartach faceret : fin minus,reuerterer.Erat enim in ilia prouinciavnusconfan- 
 guineus Baatu, nomine Scacatai, cui dominus imperator Conftantinopolitanus mittebat lite- 
 ras deprecatorias, quod mc permitteret tranfire, Tunc ipfi acquieuerunt,pra?bentes nobis e- 
 quos & boues & duos homines, qui deducerent nos, Et alij qui adduxerant nos funt reuerfi. 
 Priustamcnaniequampridjftadarent, fecerunt nos diu expectare petentesdepane noftro 
 pro parvulisfuisrEt omnia qua? videbant fuper famuIosnoftros,cultellos,chirothecas,burfas, 
 coirioias,omniaadmirantes&vo!cutes habere, Excufabamtne, quia longa nobis reftabac 
 via.nec debebamus ita cito fpoliare nos rebus necefTarijs ad tantam viamperficiendam. Tunc 
 dicebantquodeffembatrator. Verum eft quodnihil abflulerint vi : Sedvalde importune & 
 impudenter peiunt qua? vident. Et fi dat homo eis perdit.quiafunt ingrati. Reputant fe dorai- 
 nos mundi,& videtur cis,quod nihil debeat eis negari ab aliquo. Si non dat, & pofteaindigeat 
 feruicio eorum, male miniftrantei. Dederunt nobis bibere de lacle fuo vaccino , a quo 
 contradtum erat butirum, acetofo valde, quod ipfi vocant Apram: &ficteceffimusabeis. Et 
 vifumfuitmihi recle,quodeuafiffemdemanibusctemonum. In craftino peruenimus ad ca- 
 pitaneum, Ex quoreceflimusaSoIdaiavfquc adSartachin duobus menfibus nunquamiacui- 
 
 IOUS 
 
Tbe^iartats. Traffiques,and Di fcouenes, 79 
 
 musindomonccintentorio, led lcmpcrlubdio, vd iub bigis noftris, ncc vidimus aliquam 
 villain, vel veftigium alicujus xdificij vbi fuilTet villa, nifi tumbas Conianoru in maxima mul- 
 titudine. Wo ferodedit nob sgarcioqui ducebat nosbiberecoimos; ad cuius hauftum totus 
 fudaui propter horrorem & houitatcm, quianunquambibcramdeeo. valdc tamen fapidun! 
 videbaturmihi,ficutvereeit. 
 
 De curia Scacatay, & quod Chriftiani non 
 
 btbunt crfmos. 
 
 MAne ergo obviauimus bigis Scacatay.onuftisdo.mibus.Etvidcbaturmihi quod obuiaret 
 mihix:iuicas magna. .Mirabaretianvfuper multitudinearmentorum bourn &cquorum 
 fccregumouiumipaucosvidcbam^ominesqui ilia gubcrnarent. vnde inquifi :i quot ho- 
 mines habcrec Jub fe? & dictum fuit mini, quod non plufquam quingentos,quorum medieta- 
 femtranfiudramusinalia'herbergia.TuncincepitmihidiceregarcioquiducebatnoSjquodali- 
 quid oportercc Scacatay dare : & ipfe fecit nosftare,& pra;ceffit nuncians aduentum noltri m* 
 lam erachora plufquam tertia.&depofuerunt domos fuas iuxta quandam aquam, Et venit ad 
 nosinterprcsiplius,qiiift3?imcognito,quodnunquarnfueramus inter illos, popofcit decibis 
 noftris,& dedimus ei,pofcebat etiam veltimentumaliquod,quia diSurus erat verbii noftrum 
 antedominum iuurn. Excufauimusnos. Quaeliuitquidporcaremus domino fuo? Accepimus 
 vnum flafconem de viuo,& impleuimus vnum vcringal de bifco&o & platellum vnum depo- 
 mis&aliis fiuclibus. Sednonplacebat ei, quia non ferebamus aliquem pannumpretiofum. 
 Sic tamen ingreffilumus cum timore&vcrecundia. Sedebat ipfe in leftofuotenenscitharu- 
 lam in manu,& vxor fua iuxta eum : de qua credeba in veritate, quod amputafTet fibi nafum in- 
 ter oculosvtfimioreffet: nihil enimhabebat ibi de nafo,&vnxerat locum ilium quodam vn- 
 guenronigro,& etiam fupercilia : quod erat turpifTimum in oculis nollii^. Tunc dixiei verba 
 lupradidta. Vbique enim oponebat nos dicereidem verbum. Super hoc enim eramus bene pre- ^ota diligtntsfc 
 moniti abillisqui fuerantinterillos,quodnunquam mutaremus verba noftra, Rogauietiam 
 eum vt dignaretur accipere munufculum de manu noftra, excufans me, quia monachus eram, 
 nee erat ordinis noftri pdfsidere aurum, vel argentum,vel veftespreciofas. Vnde non habe- 
 bamaliquidtalium, quodpolTem ei dare: fed de cibis noftris acciperetprobenediflione. 
 Tunc fecit recipi, & diftribuit ftatim hominibus fuis qui conuenerantadpotandum, Dedi 
 etiam eiliteras Imperatoris Conftantinopolitani :( Hoc fuit inoitauisafcenfionis) Qui ftatim 
 cas Soldaiam mifit vt ibi interpretarentur : quia erant in Gra-co,nec habebat fecum qui feircc 
 literasGra'cas. Quxfiuireriam a nobis, fivellemus bibcrecofmos,hoceft,laciumen;inurri. 
 Chriftiani enim Ruteni, Graxi, & Alani, qui funt inter eos, qui voluntftriclecuftodire Icgdtn 
 fuam, nonbibunt illud : ImononreputantfeChriftlanospoftquambiberunt. Etfacerdotcs 
 eorum reconciliant eos,canquam negalTent fidem Chriftianam. Ego refpondi,quod habeba* 
 musadhucfufficienter ad bibendum: &cum illepotusdeficeret nobis, oporteretnesbiberc 
 illud, quod darerur nobis. Quztluit etiam quidcontineretur in literis noftris, quasmitrebatis 
 Sartach.Dixi quod claufa^erant bulla; noftra;: & quod non erant in eis nifi bona verba &ami- 
 cabilia.Qua:fiuit & qua; verba diceremus SarcachPRefpondi, Verba fidci Chriftiang.Qua:fiuit 
 qua?? QuM libenter verier audire. Tunc expofui ei prout potui per interpretem meum , qui nul- 
 lius erat ingenij,nec alicuius eloquentia:,fymbolu fidei. Quo audko,ipfc racuit & mouit caput* 
 Tunc affignaiiit nobis duos homines, qui nos cuftodirenr, cV equos& boues : & fecit nos bi- 
 gare fecum,donec reuerteretur nuncius,quem ipfe miferat pro interpretationditerarum impe= 
 ratoris; & iuimuscum eo vfque in craftinum Penrecoftes. 
 
 Qualitcr Alani venerunc ad eos in vigilia 
 
 VentccoHes. 
 
 IN vigilia Pentccoftes venerunc ad nos quidam Alani, qui ibi dicuntur [| Acias,Chrifliani fe- IlVd Ak«, 
 cundum ritum Gracorum; habentes literasGrecas&facerdotesGraxos: tamen non func 
 fchifmaticificutGrxcij fed fine acceptioneperfonarum veneranturomnem Chriftianum: & 
 detulerunt nobis carnes co<Sas, rogantes vt comederemusdecibo eorum, &oraremuspro 
 quodam defundto eorum. Tunc dixi quod vigilia erat tanta; folennitatis, quod iila die non 
 comederemus carnes. Et expofui eis de folennitate,fuper quo fueruntmukumgauifi; quia 
 onuiia ignorabant qua; fpe&ant ad ritum Chriftianum, folo nomine Chrifti excepto, Quafi- 
 uerunt & ipfi & alij multi Chriftiani, Ruteni & Hungari,vtrum poflent fa!uari,quia oportebat 
 eos biberc cofmos, & comedcre morticinia '& interfe&a a Saracenis & alijs infidelibus : 
 
 G 4 quae 
 
|]Nota dfligen. 
 tifsime. 
 
 80 The Englifh Voyages, Navigations, The Tartars. 
 
 qua: cciam ipfi Graeci &Ruteni facerdotes reputant quali morticinia vcl idolis immolata : quia 
 ignorabant tcmpora ieiunij : nee poterant cuftodire etiam fi cognouiflent. Tunc reclifi- 
 cabareosprouc potui, docens 8c conforcans in tide. Carnes quasdetulerant referuaui- 
 mus vfque ad diem feftum : nihil enim inuenkbamus venale pro auro & argent o, nifi pro telis 
 & alijs H pannis : & illos non habebamus, Quum famuli noftri ofterebant eis ipperpera,ipfi fri- 
 cabant digitis,& ponebant ad nares,vt odorc fcntirent,vtrum effent cuprum.Nec dabantnobis 
 cibum nifi lac vaccinum acre valde & fcetidum, Vinumiam deficiebat nobis, Aqua ita t urba- 
 batu t ah equis, quod non em potabilis. Nifi fuiiTet bifcoc~tum quod habebamus,& gratia dei, 
 forte fuiflcmus mortui, 
 
 De Saracen o qui dixit fevellebaptizarj,etdehomi-. 
 
 mhus qui apparent Uprofi. 
 
 IN die pentecoftes venk sd nos quidatn Saracenus,qui cum loqueretur nobifcum, incepimus 
 cxponere (Idem. Qui audiens beneficia dei exhibita humano generi in incat natione Lhritti, 
 & rcliirrccliontm niortuorum,& iudiciumfututum, &quodablutiopcccatorum cflet inbap- 
 tifmo : dixit fe velle baptizari. Et cum pararemus nos ad baptizandum eum,ipfe fubito afcen- 
 dit equum liium,dicens fe iturum domum & habiturum confilium cum vxore fua. Qui in cra- 
 flino loquens nobifcum,dixir quod nullo modo auderec accipcre baptifma,quia tunc non bibe- 
 retcofmos. Chrilliani enim illius loci hoc dicebant,quodnuIlusverusChri(tianusdeberet bi- 
 bere : & fine potu iilo non poiTet viuere in folitudine iHa. A qua opinione nullo modo potui di- 
 uertcre ilium. Vnde noueritis pro cerco quod niultu elongantur a fide propter illam opinioncm 
 quauam viguit inter illos per Rutenos, quorum maxima multitudo ell inter eos. Ilia die dedit 
 nobis illecapitaneusvnumhominem, qui nos deduceret vfque ad Sartach: &duos quidu- 
 cerentnosviqueadproximamherbergiam; qua! indediftabat quinque dietas prout boues 
 poterant ire. Dederunt etiam nobis vnam capram pro cibo & plurcs vtres laftis vaccini, & de 
 cofmosparum: quiailludpreciofum eft inter illos, Et fie arripientes iter re$e in aquilonem, 
 vifum fuic mihi quod vnam portam inferni tranfiiTemus.Garciones qui ducebant nos, incipic- 
 bant nobis auda&er furari,quia videbant nos parum cautos. Tandem amiflis pluribus vexatio 
 dabat nobis intellcdtum. Peruenimus tandem ad extremitatem illius prouincia:, qua? clauditur 
 vno fofiato ab vno marivfque ad aliud,: extra quam crat hetbergia eorumapud quos intraffe- 
 mus: videbantur nobis leprofi omnes : quia erant viles homines rbi collocati,vt reciperent 
 tributumab accipientibusfalafaliuisfuperiusdiftis. AbillolocOjVtdicebant,oportebat nas 
 ambulate quindecim dkbus,quibusnoninueniremus populum. Cum illis bibimus cofmos: &c 
 dedimus illis vnum veringal plenum frudibus & pancm bifcoctum. Qui dederunt nobis ocls 
 bones, vnam capram protantokinere,&ncfcioquotvtresplenosla£tevaccino, Sic mutatis 
 bobus arripuinus iter,quod perfecimus decern dicbus vfque ad aliam herbergiam : nee inueni- 
 mus a quam in 1II3 via nifi in foffis in conualhbus fadiis, exceptis duobus paruis fluminibus. Et 
 tendebamus re£te in orientem ex quo exiuimus praxliclam prouinciam Gafariae, habentes 
 mare ad meridiem & vaftam folitudinem ad aquilonem : qua? durat per viginti dietas alicubi 
 in latitudine: In qua nulla eft fylua, nullusmons,nulIus lapis. Hetba eft optima. Inhacfo- 
 lebantpafcereComani, quidicunturGapchat. ATentonicisveiodiruntur Valani, &pfo- 
 uincia Valania . Ab Ifidoro vero dicitur a flumine Tanai vfque ad paludes Meotidis & Danu- 
 bium Alania. Et durat ifta terra in longitudine a Danubio vfque Tanaimj qui eft terminus 
 Afix&Europa:, itinereduorum menfium velociter equitando prout equitantTartari: Qua: 
 tota inhabitabatur aComanis Capchat, Si etiam vltra a Tanai vfque |Etiliam: Inter qua: 
 fluminafunt decern dietas magnx.Ad aquilonem vero iftiusprouincig iacetRuffia,quevbique 
 fyluas habet, & protenditur aPolonia&Hungariavfque Tanaim: qua* tota vail ata eft a 
 Tartaris,& adhuc quotidie vattatur.Praeponunt enim Rutcnis,quia funt Chriftiani,Saracenos: 
 & cum non poflunc aniplius dare aUrum vel argentum , ducunt eos & paruulos eorum tan- 
 quamgrcges ad folitudinem vt cuftodiant animalia eorum. Vltra RufTiiam ad aquilonem eft 
 PruiTia, quam nupcr fubiiigauerunt totam fratres Teutonici. Et certe de facili acquierenc 
 ,Ru(fiam,fi apponerent manum.Si enim Tartari audirent,quod magnus facerdos,hoc eft, Papa 
 faceret crucc fignan contra eos, omnes fugerent adfolitudines fuas. 
 
 Salinl 
 
 Decern &KX. 
 
 Comanif Ion- 
 gimdo. 
 pnliaqux& 
 Volga Humeri. 
 Ruffia. 
 
 PrulJia. 
 
 
 I 
 
 De tedjs qu<e patiebanturjW defepukura Q>manorum, 
 
 Bbanus ergo verfus orientem,nihil videntes nifi ccelum & terram,& aliquando maread dex- 
 tram, quod dicitur Marc Tanais, & etiam fcpulturas Comanorura,qua: apparebant nobis a 
 
 duabus 
 
The Tartars . Traffiq lies, and ; Dilcf6iieries * 
 
 Se 
 
 duabus leucis iccutit-uiiiquod loicbaiupaiuitcl&eorum^cpeJtoiJUmuJ, Quam dm eramus in 
 folkudihe bene crat nobisrquod tedium quodpauobarquum veuicbanus ad manfiones corum 
 nonpoffcmexpiiinerc verbis, Volcb.at emmduxnefter, qiiod.-ad,quofl.bctcapitaneosingte- 
 derer cumxemo: Scadhocnoa iufficiebaiu cxpcivla?,. Quptidic cnim eramus octoperlona: 
 corncdentes viaticum nolli'i exceptis Icruiemibus, quipmnesvolcbantcomedcre ncbifcum. 
 Nos cnim eramus quinque, &ipfi trcsqui ducebantnos : duo ducentesbigas, &vous iturus 
 nobifcum vfque ad Sartacii.Casnes.quasdabanmqn fiifficjcbainj iiecinueniebamus aliquid 
 renalc pro moneta. Etcum icdebamus iub bigis nofhis.pro vmbra, qujacalor crat ibi maximus Calm maximus 
 illo cempore, ipli itain.ipomuieingercbant lc nobis, quod conculcabantnos,vo!entes omnia ' " n(t ate " 
 . nollra vulerc. Si arripiebat eos appetituspurgandi ventrem,non elongaban-: (e a nobis,quam 
 polTit faba iafrari. Imo inxia nos colloquentes mutuo facicbanc immundiiias fuas : & multa 
 alia faciebant qua: erant fupra modtim tfdiola. Super omnia grauabat,me,quod cum volcbam 
 dicere eis aliqnod vci bum a;dificationiSjinterp[es mens dicebat,non facieiis mcprxdicare; quia 
 nefcio talia verba dicerc. Et verum dicebat. ego enim perpendi poftf a,quum incepi aliquant 
 tuluni inteiligere idioma, quod qmiui dicebamvnum, ipTctotum aliud dicebar, lccundmn 
 quoddoccurrebat. Tunc videnspericulumloquendi peripium,elegim.agis racere. Ambula- 
 uimus ergocumm3gnolaborcdemanfionein manl]o,ncm:itaqijoelpauci.sdiebusa[ucfeftum 
 bcauTMaria: Magdalcna: veni ad fluuiuui magnumTanais: qui diujditAfiamab Europa,ficut Tanaisfluti(ii!, 
 Nilus fluuius iEgypti,Aliam ab Africa. In illo loco quo applicuimus fecerunt Baatu & Sartach 
 fieri quoddamcalalcde Ruteni; in ripa orientali, qui crar.sferunt -nuncios &mercatores cum CafakRutAo. 
 nauiculis. Ipli tranflulerunt ilos primo & pcftea bigas ponent.es vtiatri rotam in vna barca & rum ' 
 aliam in aliajigances barcas ad inuicem; & lie remigantcs tranfibanr. Ibi egit dux nofter valde 
 ftulte.Ipleenim credebar, quod illi dc cafali deberenc nobis mimlxrare equos,& dimilir anima- 
 Jia quse adduxeramusinahabiga, vtredirentad dominos iuos. Etquumpoftulauimusabeis 
 . animalia,ipfi refpondebant quod habebant priuilegiu a Baatu , quod non tencrcntur ad aliud, 
 nifi transrerre euntes & redeuntcs : etiam a mercatoribus accipiebant magnum rributum. 
 Stetimus ergo ibi in ripa fluminis tnbus diebus. Prima die dederunt nobis magnam borbatam 
 recentcm: feennda die panemde iiligine & parumde carnibus , quasacceperat procurator 
 villae oft iatim per diuetfas domos. Tenia die pifces ficcos, quos habent ibi in magna mulcitu- 
 dine. Fluuius illeerat ibi tantaelatitudinis, quanta; eft SequanaParifijs, Et antequamperue- Lmwdolamit, 
 niffemus ad locum ilium, tranfiuimus multas aquas pulchenimas & pifcofiflimas : Sed Tartari 
 nefciunt eos capere: nee curant de pifce nifi fit ica magnus^quod poflunt comedcre carnes eius, 
 ficut carncs arietinas. Ille fluuius eft terminus Onentalis Ruffian; & oritur de paludibus 
 qua; pertingunt ad Oceanum ad aquilonem. Fluuius ver-o currit ad meridiem in quoddam o«anus. 
 magnum Mare feptingentorum millium,antequampertingatadMarePonti :Etomncsaqua: 
 quas tranfiuimus vadunt ad illas partes. Habct etiam predidum flumen magnam fyluam in 
 ripaOccidentali. Vltia locum ilium non afcendunt Tartari verfus Aquilonem': quia tunc tem- 
 poris || circa introitum Auguftiincipiuntredirc verfus meridiem. Vnde aliud eft eafale inferius «mi n „ a ; we!l 
 vbi tranicuncnuncij tempore hyemali. Eramus igitur ibi in magna anguftia, quia nee equos Augudi red (unc 
 nee bones inueniebamus pro pecunia. Tandem poftquam oftendi eis, quod laboraui pro com- a mc ™ iem « 
 muni vcilitate omnium Chiiftianorum,acc6modaiierunt nobis boues & homines: nos autem 
 oportebat ire pedibus. Tunc temporis metebant filiginem : triticum non proficicbat ibi bene. 
 Milium habent in magna copia. Muliercs Rutens omant capita ficut nolira?, Supcrtunicalia 
 iuaextcrius ornant vaiio vol giifio a pedibus vfque ad genua. Homines portant capas ficut 
 Teutonici: fcdincapitcportantpileos defihroacutosinlummitate longo acumine t Ambu- 
 lauimus crgotribus diebusnon inuenientespopulum. EtcumeiTemus valde fatigati&boues 
 fimiliter, neefciremusquorfumpoffemus Taicaros inuenive, accutrerunt fubito due equi, 
 quos recepimus cumgaudiomagno, &afcenderunteosduxnofter&.intei'pres, vtfpecula- 
 rcnttirquotfum poffemus populuminuenire. Tandem quarta die inuentis hominibus gauili 
 iumustanquam naufragi venientes ad porcum. Tunc acceptis equis & bobus iuimus de 
 inanfionc ad manfionem donee peruenimus vlque ad hctbergiam Sartach fecundo Calcndas 
 Augufti. 
 
 . 
 
 
 T>e regione Sartach, & degentibns illitis. 
 
 REgioiftavltraTanaim eftpulcherrima, haber.s flumina& fyluas ad aquilonem. Sunt 
 fylua; maxims, quas inhabitant diio genera hominum: Moxelfcilicet, qui fuht fine 
 lege, puripagani. Ciuitatcm non habent led cafulas in fyluis, Dominus eorutH & magna 
 
 pars 
 
Merd ui Saraccni. 
 fl vel Volga 
 fluuius. 
 
 [ Kerkis. 
 vet Aas. 
 
 Letgi Saraccni. 
 QRcrlirus eius pet 
 Patent. 
 
 CoiatNedo- 
 rinui. 
 
 8z TheEngIifliVoyages,Nauigations, *The Tartars. 
 
 pars eorum riierunt interfedti in Alemania, Tartari enim duxcrant cos ad imroitum Alemania*. 
 Vndc ipfi multum commendant Alemanos,fperantcs quod adhuc Jibe rabuntut per cos a fer- 
 uituceTartarorum. Si mercator veniatadeos, oportetquodilleapud quem primo defcendit 
 prouideat ei quamdiu vult efle inter eos. Si quis dormiat cum vxore akerius,il!e non curat nifi 
 videatproprijs oculist vnde non funt Zelotypi. Abundant apud cos porci,mel,&cera, pel- 
 lesprcciofa?,&falcones. Poftillos funt alij qui dicunturMerdas, quoslatinivocancMerduos, 
 &funtSaraceni. Pott illos eft || Etilia.qua: eft maior fluuius, quamvnquamviderim: &venit 
 ab Aquilone dc maiori Bulgaria tendens ad meridiem : &caditin quendam lacum habentem 
 fpacium quatuor menfium in circuitu, de quo poftca dicam vobis. Iffa ergo duo flumina Ta- 
 nais&Etilia verfusregiones Aquilonispcr quastranfiuimus nondiftant ab inuicem nifi de- 
 cern dietis, fed ad meridiem multum diuidunturabinuicem. Tanais enim defcendit in Marc 
 Ponti: Eti!iafacitpra?di(5tum Mare fiue lacum, cum alijs muhisfluminibus, qua? caduntin 
 ilium de Pcrfidc.Habebamus autem ad meridiem montes maximos in quibus habitant in late- 
 ribus verfus folitudinem illam Cergis & Alani fiue || Acas , qui funt Chriftiani & adhuc pug- 
 nant contra Taitaros. Poft iftos propeMare fiue lacum Etiha? funt quidam Saraccni qui di- 
 cuntur Lefgi, quifim'iliterobediunt. Poft hes eft Porta ferrea, quamfecit Alexander ad ex- 
 cludendas Barbaras gentesdePerfide: de cuius fitu dicam vobis poftea, [ quia tranfiui per 
 cam in reditu. Et inter ifta duo flumina in illisterris per quastianfuimushabitabant Comani 
 antequam Tartari occuparent eas. 
 
 De Quna Sartach <sr de gloria eius. 
 
 INuenimus ergo Sartach prope Etiliampertrcs dietas: cuius curia valde magna videbatur 
 nobis : quia habet fex vxores, & filius ems primogenitus iuxta cum duas vel tres : & quae- 
 libechabctdomumrrujgnam &bigas forte ducentas. Accefllrautemductornofter ad quen- 
 dam NcftorinumCoiatnomine,qui eft vnusde maioribus Curia? lua?. JUe fecit ncs ire valde 
 longe ad domini Iannam, Ita vocant ilium qui habet cflficium recipiendi nuncios. In Zero 
 prarcepit nobis didlus Coiat, vtveniremusadcum. Tuncincepit quasrere du<Stor ncfter quid 
 portarcmus ei, &ccepit multum fcandalizari, quum vidit quod nihil parabamus ad portan- 
 dum. Stecimus coram eo, & ipfefedebat in gloria fua &: faciebat fonare citharam & faltare 
 coram fe. Tuncdixieiverbapra?di6ta qualiter veniremus ad domtnum eius, rogans eum vc 
 iuuaret nos vt Dominus eius videret literas noftras, Excufaui etiam me quia monachus cram, 
 non habens, nee recipiens, nee tradtans aurum vel argentum vel aliquid preciofum, fclis hbris 
 &capelIainquafetuiebamusdeoexceptis : vnde nullum senium anercbamusei nee domino 
 fuo. Qui enim propria dimiferam, non potciamport2tor efle aliencrum. Tuncrefponditfa- 
 tismaniiicte, quod benefaciebam ex quo ersm monachus: fie leruarem votumrneum 5 & non 
 indigebat rebus noftris ; fed magis daret nobis de fuis, fi indigeremus : & fecit nos fedeie & 
 bibere de ladte fuo.Et poft pauca rogauit vt diceremus benedictionem pro co,quod & fecimus. 
 Quajfiuit & quis eflet maior dominus inter Francos, Dixi ,Imperator, fi haberet terram fuam 
 in pace, Non,inquit, fed Rex Francia?. Audiuerat enim de vobis a domino Baldewyno dc 
 Hannonia, Inueni etiam ibi vnum de Socijs domus Dominica?, qui fuerat in Gypro,quinarra- 
 uerat omnia qua? vidcrar.Tunc reuerfi fumus ad hofpitium noftrum. In craflino mifi ei vnum 
 flafconemde vinoMufcato,quodoptime fecuftodierat in tamlongavia; & cophinum ple- 
 num bifcocto quod fuitei gratiflimum,8<: tetinuit illofcrofamulos noftros fecum. In craftino 
 mandauit mini quod venirem ad curiam; afferens literas regis &capellam&librosmecum, 
 quia dominus fuusvelletvidereca: quod & fecimus, onerantesvnambigam libris &capella, & 
 aliamparie&vino&fiuctibus. Tunc fecit emncslibros &veftes explicari, & circumftabane 
 nosinequismulti Tartari &Chriftiani &Saraceni: quibus infpedtis, qua?fiuir, fi velkmifta 
 omnia daredoroino fuo, quo audito, expsui, &difplicuit'mihi verbum,diflimulans tamenre- 
 fpondi, domine rogamus, quatenus dominus nofter dignctur recipere panem iftum, vinum & 
 fruSus non pro xenio quia exiguum quid eft, led pro benedidtione, ne vacua manuvenismus 
 coram eo. Ipfeautem videbitliteras domini regis, & pereasfciet, quadecaufa venimus ad 
 eum: & tunc ftabsmusmandato eius nos &omnes res noftra?. Veftes enim fanfla? funt. & non 
 licet eascontingere nifi facerdotibus. Tunc piaecepit quod induereir.us nos ituri coram do- 
 mino fuo: quod& fecimus. Ego autcm indurus preciofioribus veftibus acccpi inpectore 
 puluinar,quod erat valde pulchrum,& biblium quod dederatis mihi,pfalterium pulcherrimum, 
 quoddederatmihidominarcgina,inquoerantpictura?pulclira?, Socius meusaccepitmiflale 
 &cruccm,clericus indutus fupcrcilicioacccpitthuribuUim:ficaccclTimi:s ante dominum eius: 
 
 & kuauciunt 
 
TheTariars. Tratfiques, and Difcoueries. 83 
 
 filcruixi q'iod pendcbat ante ottium vt aos -oik: videre. Tunc feccrunt fleCtcrc genua tcr de- 
 rico&imerprcti: anabisnonrequifiuerunt. Tunc monuerunc nosvalde diiigentcr.vtcaue- 
 remus in^rediendo & egrediendo nc cangercmus limen domus, Sc vt cantarernus aliquam be- 
 ncdici:oiicmproeo« TunciugrelTi fumus cantando,Salue regina. Inintroituautcmoftijfta- 
 bat bancus cum cofmos & cum ciphis, Et conuenerant omnes vxores eius : 5c ijpiiMoal. In- 
 gredicutcsnobifcumcomprimcbancuos, Illic Coiactulitei tburibulum cumincenfo, quod 
 iple refoexit, tenens in manu diligenter : poftea tulic ei pfalterium quod valde refpexir,& vxor 
 ciusfedens iuxta eum. Poftea tulit biblium , & ipfe quxliuit.fi cuangelium effet ibi* Dixi, 
 etiam tota Scriptuja Sacra. Accepketiam crucem in manu fua,&qua?fuiit deimagine,vtrum 
 eiTet imago Chritti? Refpondi quod fic.Ipfi Neftoriani 8i Armeni nunquam faciunt fuper cru- 
 ces fua's figuram Ch'rifti, Vnde vidciuurmalefentirede panlone,veIerubefcunteam. Pollca 
 fecit circumftantesnosretrabcrefe, vtpleniuspoffet videre oinamentanoflra. Tuncobtuliei 
 iiterasvefirascum tranlcriptisin Arabico 6c Syriano. Feceram enimeas transferri in Acoa 
 invtraque liceraSc lingua. Ec ibi erant lacerdotes Armeni , quifciebant Turcicum 8c Ara- 
 bicum, & Ille Socius domus Domini qui fciebat Syrianum, & Turcicum & Arabicum. Tunc 
 exiuimus & depofiiimus veftimentanoitra: & veneruntferiptores 8c ille Coiac, & fecerunc 
 literasinterpretari. Quibus auditis, fecit recipi panem Scvinum Sc fruc"tus : veftimenta & 
 libros fecit nosreportareadhofpitium. Hocaclumeftinfelto Sanih Petri advincula. 
 
 Qualiter habuerunt in mandatis adire Baatu 
 
 patrem Sartach, 
 
 INcraftinomane venit quidam facerdos frater ipfius Coiacpofiulans vafculumcumchrif- 
 mace, quia Sartach volebat illud videre, vt dicebat,Scdtdimusei, Hora vefpertina vo- 
 cauitnos Coiac, dicens nobis: Dominus rex lcripfit bona verba Domino meo: Sed funt in 
 eis difficilia, dc quibus nihil auderet facere, fine confilio patris fui. Vnde oportct vos ire 
 ad pattern fuum , & duas bigas quas adduxiltis heri cum veftimentis 6c libris dirnittetis mihi, 
 quia Douiiniis metis viilc res di!igemius videre. Egoftatimfufpicatus fum malum decupidi- 
 tateeius, 8c dixi ei. Dcmine, non lolumillasfcd etiam duas quas adhuchabemus relinque- 
 musiubcuftodiaveftra. Non inquit, illas relinquetis, de alijs facietis velle veftrum, Dixi 
 quod hoc nullo modo poflet fieri, Sed totam ciimitteremus ei. Tunc quxfiuit fi vellemus mo . 
 rari in terra? Ego dixi, Si bene iniellcxifiis literas domini regis,poteftis fcire,quod fie, Tunc 
 dixit.quod oportcretnoseife patiences multum,& humiles. Sic difcelTimusabeo illo fero. In 
 craftinomane milkvnumfacerdotemNeilorinumprobigis, & r,os duximusomnesquatuor. 
 Tunc occurrens nobis frater ipfius Coiacis, fepcrauit omnia noftraabipfis rebus quas tule- 
 ramuspridie ad curiam, & iltaaccepittanquamfua , fcilicet libtos& veftimenta: 6c Coiac 
 prxcepcrat, quod ferremus nobifcumveftimenra quibus induti fueramus coram Sartach vc 
 illis indueremur coram Baatu d expediter : quas ille facerdos abftuiit nobis vi, dicens : Tu at- 
 tuliftieas ad Sartach, modo vis ferte Baatu ? Et cum vellem ei reddere rationem, refpondit 
 mihi, Neloquarisnimis, Sc vade viam tuam, TuncnecelTariafuitpatientia, quiaapud Sar- 
 tach, non patebat nobis inprefliis; nee aliqiis crac, qui nobis exhiberet iufticiaro. Tiaie- 
 bam etiam de interprete, tie ipfe aliquid aliter dixifiet, quam ego dixiffem ei : quia ipfe bene 
 voluiiTet, quod de omnibus feciflemus xenium. Vuumeratmihi fqlacium, quiaquumper- 
 fenfi cupidiratem eorum, ego fubtraxi de libris Biblium Sc fententias, 8c alios hbtos quos 
 magisdilipebam. Plaltcrium dominx retina: non fui aufusfubtrabere, quia iliudfueratni- 
 mis notatum propter aureas picturas qux cranr in eo. Sic ergo reuerfi lumus cum duobus reh- 
 duisbigisadhofpitiumnoilrum. Tune venit ille, qui debebat duccre nosad Baatu, volens 
 cum feitinationearripere iter: cui dixi quod nulla ratione ducerem bigas, Quod ipfe retulit 
 ad Coiac. Tunc prxecpic Coiac quod relinqueremus eas apud ipfum cum garcicne noftro: 
 quod Sc fecimus. Sicergo.euntesverfusBaacureflain Orientem.tertiadieperuenimusad £< Perucniunt ad 
 tiliam: cuius aquas cum vidi, mirabar vnde ab Aquilonedefcendetunttancxaqux. Ante- voigam. 
 quam recederemus a Sartach, dixit nobis fupradiifrus Coiac cum alijs multisfcriptoribuscu- 
 rix,Nolite dicerequoddominusnofterfic Chtifiianus, fedMoal, QuianomenChritiianira- Tamtivolun! 
 tisvidetureisnomencuiufdam gentis. In tantam fupcrbiam funt erecti , quod quamuis ali- voca " ° ■ 
 quid forte credantdeChrifto, tainen nolunt dici Chrilliani vclentes nomen fuum, hoc eft, 
 
 Moal 
 
■ -■ ■ — - - -r- - ._ . . ^ 
 
 84. The Englifli Voyages ? Namgations, The Tartars , 
 
 Moal cxaltare fuper omne nomen. Nee volunt vocari Tartari : Tartan enim iueiunt aha 
 gens de quibus lie didici. 
 
 Con 
 
 Vmle rtnernnt 
 
 Turci. 
 
 Caracatay. 
 
 Ocean us. 
 
 Vcl Nayman. 
 
 Prcbsyter Io. 
 bannes, 
 
 Qualiter Sartach, &Mangucham & Kencham 
 
 faciunt reuerentiam Chriftianis. 
 
 TEmpore quo Franci ceperunt Antiochiam tencbat monarchiain in illis Jateribus A- 
 quilonis quidam qui vocabaturGoncan, Con eft proprium nomen : Can nomen dig- 
 nitatis quod idem eit qui dminator. Omncs diuinatores vocant Can, Vnde principescii- 
 cuntur Can, quiapeneseos ipeclat regimen populi per diuinationcm. Vnde Jegitur in hi- 
 ftoria Annochise, quod Turci miferunt propter fuccurfum censra Francos ad regnum Cou 
 can. De illis enim partibus venetunt omnes Turci, Ifte Conerat Cara-Caray. Caraidem 
 eft quod nigrum. Catai nomen gentis. Vnde Cara-Catay idem '.ftquodnigiiCatay.Et hoc 
 dicittir ad dift'erentiam ipforum Catay qui erant in Oriente fuper Oceanum de quibus 
 poftea dicam vobis. Ifti Catay erant in quibufdam alpibus per quas tranfiui, Ec in qua- 
 darn planicie inter illas Alpes erat quidam Ntftorinus pallor poiens & dominus fuper 
 populum, qui dicebatur Yayman, qui erant Chiifliani Neflorini. Mortuo Con can elc- 
 uauit fe ille Neltorius in regem , & vocabanc cum Nelioriani Rcgem Iohanhem : 8£ 
 plus dicebant de ipfo in decuplo quam Veritas effet, Ita enim faciunt Nefloriani venicntes 
 de partibus illis. De nihilo enim faciunt magnos rumoris* Vnde difUminauerunt de Sar- 
 tach quod elfet Chi ifiianus, & de Margu Can & Ken can : quiafaciuht maicremreueien- 
 tiam Chriftianis, quam alijs populis, & tamen in vericate Chrifti ni non funt. Sic ergo 
 exiuitm3gnafamadci!loRegeIchanne, ft qimndo ego tranfiui perpafcuaeius, nullus a- 
 liquidfciebatdeeonili Nelioriani pauci. In pafcuisciushabirat Kencam, apnd cuius curiam 
 fuit frater Andreas : & cgoetiam tranfiui peream in leditu. Kuic Ichanni erat frater qiiidam 
 Vut«n,vcivnc. potens, paftor Similiter, nomine Vut : & ip!c erat vltra Alpes ipforum Caracatay, diftansa 
 vS™™ fratre fuofpacium trium hebdomadarum & erat dominus cuiufdam Villula? qua: dicitur Ca- 
 Ctit.&Mcrfa't. . racarum , populum habens fubfe, qui dicebantur Git, Meikit, qui erant Chriftiani Ne- 
 homin«." FCrr "" ftorini. Sed ipfe dominus eorum rimifio cuku Chrilii,fc6iabatur idola; h:bensfacerdotes 
 idolorum , qui omnes funt inuocatores daemonum & fortilegi. Vkra pafcua ifiius ad decern 
 velquindecem dictas erant pafcua Moal: qui erant pauperrimi homines fine capitaneo & 
 linelege, exceptis fonilegijs&diuinationibtis, quibus omnes in panibus iilis intcndimt. Et 
 iuxta Moal erant alij pauperes, qui dicebantur Tartari. Rex Iohannes mortuus fuit line 
 harrede, & ditacus eft frater eius Vnc; & facicbat fe vocari Can: & mitrebamur aimenta 
 grcges eius vfque ad teiminos Moal, Tunc temporisChingis faber quidam eratin populo 
 Moal : & furabatur de animalibus Vnc can quocl poterat : In tantum quod cenquefti funt 
 paftores Vut domino fuo. Tunc congrcgauit cxercitum &' equitauit in terranj Moal,qusrens 
 ipfum Cyngis. Etillefugit inter Taitaros& latuit ibi. Tunc ipfe Vut accepta prsda Moal 
 & a Tartaris reuerfus eft. Tunc ipfe Cyngis allocutus eft Tartaros & ipfos Moal dicens, 
 Quiafineducefumusopprimunt nos vrciriinoflri. Etfecc;unt ipfum ducem & capitaneura 
 Tartari & Moal. Tunclatenter cbngrcgatb exercitu irruit fuper ipfum Vut, &vicit ipfum, 
 &ipfefugit in Cathaiam, Ibi capta fuit filiaeius, quam Cyngis dedit vni ex filijs invxo- 
 rem, ex quo ipfa fufcepii iftumqui nunc regna: Mangu. Tunc ipfe Cyngis premittcbat v- 
 bique ipfos Tartaros : & indcexiuit nomen eorum, quia vbiqueclamabatur, Ecce Tartari 
 Veniunt, Sed per crebrabellamodo omnes fere dcleti funt. Vndeifii Moal modo volunt ex- 
 tinguere illud nomen, & Fuutn eleuare. Terra ilia in qua piimo fuerunr, & vbi eft adhuc 
 curia Cyngiscan.vocatUTMancherule. Sed quia Tartarieftregiocirca quamfuit acquifitio 
 eorum, iliam ciuicatem habent pro regali, & ibi propccligunt ilium Can. 
 
 Kencbam vbi 
 habitauir. 
 Frjter Andreas 
 in Cutia Ken- 
 cham. 
 
 Tartarorum 
 fedes. 
 
 Cyngis. 
 
 Mangu.can. 
 
 Manchcrule. 
 
 De Rutenis 
 
TbeTartars.. ~Traffi<pes,andDiFcoueries. 83 
 
 De Rutenfs <5c Hungaris, & Alanfs, & de ma- 
 
 DESartach autem vtrutn credit in Cbriftum vel non nefcio.Hoc fcio quod Chriftianus non 
 vuk dici.Immo niagis videtur mihi dcridere Cbriftianos, Ipfe enim eft in ifinerc Chrilti- 
 anorum , fcilicct Rutenorum , Blacotum , Bulg3rorum minoris Bulgaria;, Soldainorum,Ker- 
 kiforum, Alanorum : quiomnestranfeunc per eum quumvadunt ad curiam patris fuidefer- 
 re eimunera,vndcmagis ample&itureos, Tamen fiSaraceoivenianr, & maius affcran^citius 
 expediuntur, Habet eciam circa fc Neftorinos iaccrdotcs \ qui pulianc t abulam , & canrant of- 
 ficium l'uum. 
 
 Eft aliusqui dicicur Bertafuper Baatu, qui pafcic verfus Portam ferream, vbi eft irer 8erurelBerea« 
 Saracenorum omnium qui veniunt de Perfide & de Turchia , qui euntes ad Baatu , & tranf- 
 euntes per eum, deferunc ei munera. Et ille facie fe Saraccnum , & non permittit in terra fua 
 comedicarnesporcinas. Baatu in redicunofl.ro przceperatei, quod transferrer fedeillo loco 
 vltraEtiliam adOrientcm, nolens nuncios Saracenorum traniuepereum, quia videbatur 
 fibi damnofum. . ' - 
 
 Quatuor autem dicbus quibus fuimus in curia Sartach , nunquamprouifumfuit nobis de 
 cibo, nififemeldemodicocofmos, In via vero inter ipfum& patremfuum habiumus mag- 
 num timorem. Ruteni enim & Hungari , & Alani ferui eorum , quorum eft magna mulcicu- 
 do inter cos ,affocianc fe viginti vel triginta fimul , & fugiunc de no#c , habentes pharetras & 
 arcus, 8: quemcunqueinueniunt denote interficiunt, dedie latitantes. Et quandofuncequi 
 eorum fatigati veniunc de nofte ad multitudinem equorum in pafcuis, & mutant equos, & v- 
 num vel duos ducunt fecum , vt comedanc quum indiguerint. Occurfum ergo talium timebai 
 muItumDuxnofter, In ilia via fuiffemusmorcui fame, fi non porcauiflemus nobifcum modi- 
 cum de bifcodlo. .. 
 
 Venimus tandem ad Eriliam maximum flumen, Eft enim in quadruplo maius quam Se-> 
 quana, & profundifilmum : Veniens- demaiofi Bulgaria, quae eft ad Aquilonem, tendens cafTdercri'ti. 
 inquendam lacum, fiue quoddam mare , quod modo vocant mare Sircan, a quadam ci- 
 uitate, qua; eft iuxta ripam eius inPerfide, Sed Ifidorus vocat illud mate Cafpium . Habec 
 enim montes Cafpios , & Perfidcm a rheridie : montes vero Mufihet, hoc eft, Afiafllnorum 
 
 ... 
 
 adOricntem, qui contiguantur cunwfcoiuibus Cafpijs : Ad Aquilonem vero habec illani 
 folitudinem , in qua modo funt Tartaric Prius vero erantibi quidam qui dicebaotiir Gan-' Cangh-popufi, 
 gla; : Et ex illo latere recipit Etiliam , qui crefcit in a-ftate ficur Nilus iEgypti , Ad Occi- vcl Can £ lt1 *- 
 dentem vero habec monces Alanorum &»Lefgi; & Portam feream, & montes <3eorgiano- 
 rum, Habet igicurillud mare trialacera inter monces, Aquilonare vero habec ad planiciem, 
 Frater Andreas ipfecircumdedic duo larera eius, meridionale fcilicec & Orientale . Egrt ve- Frat « Andreas. 
 16 alia duo; Aquilonare fcilicec in eundoaBaacu ad Mangu cham, Occidcncalcver6in'rei ! 
 uertendo de Baatu in Syriam. Quacuor menfibuspotcftcircundari. Et-noncftfferum'q'uoff Reprehend."™ 
 dick Ifidorus, quod fit finusexiens ab Oceano: nufquam enimtangitOceanum,fedvndV 1ITdo,iertordc 
 que circundatur terra. '' "■ ■■ . • i . -,•■ i ... ,;. """Carp™. 
 
 . 
 
 :i in .. - .1 coup 
 
 :: 
 
 :-..~3 .h 
 
 H 
 
 :o: . ■■■ ■ 
 
 Is -Of*' 
 
 :. . . ■•,•■■ 
 
 ■ ■ . • > 
 
 01 
 
 . 
 
 • -. 
 
 
 ■ . 
 
 
 ■ .:.■ 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 ■ ■ ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
Oceanus Aquflo 
 
 lurtt. 
 Ifidorm, 
 Oceanus AquU 
 lonarii. 
 
 i.i— ■■ i i mi i f t -.iw ujjij null i|> [* iw n i .■■■ ■ -■■ ' ■ ■ '— ■ — ■ ■ ' ■ ■ ■ ■■■ — «m 
 
 86 The EnglifhVoyagesJSIauigatiQhs, The^Fartars* 
 _ De curia Baacq, &^ualkerrecepri fueruntab io.- Q 
 
 TOta ilia regio a latere Occidcntali iftius maris , vbi fiine Port* ferrea Alexandri , & mon- 
 tes Alaiiorum,vfq;adOceanum AquilonaremocpaiudesMxotidis vbi mergiturTanais, 
 folebat dici Albania : de qua dicit Kidorus, quod habc t canes ica magnos ) tantarque feritatis, 
 vt taurosprcmanc,leonesperimant. Quod Ycrucll,proutintellexi anarrantibus.quodibiver- 
 fusOceanum Aquilonaremfaciuntcanestraherc inbigisficut bouts propter magmtudiijenl 
 & fortitudincm corum. In illo ergo loco vbi nosapplicuimusfuper Enliaro ell cat ale nouurffj 
 quod fecerunt Tartan de Rutenis mixtim , qui tranfponunt nuncios euntes, 8credeunt.es ad 
 curiam Baatu : quia Baatu eli in vkeriori ripa vei fus Oricntcm : nee rranfiullum locum vbi 
 nosapplicuinius afccndendoinxltatCjfediamineipiebatdefcendeic, De lanuario cnimvl- 
 que ad Augutlum afccndit ipfc, &c omnes alij vcrlbs frigidas regiones, & in Augufto incipiune 
 redire.Dcfcendimus ergo in naui ab illo cafali vlque ad curiam eius. £t ab illo loeovfque ad 
 villas maiorisBulgari j verfus Aquiloncm, funtquinque diets. Et mirorquisDiabolus porta- 
 nit llluc legem Machometi. A Porta enim ferrea, qux eft exitusPerlidis, funtplufquam tri- 
 ginta dicta: per tranfuerfum ,1'olitudinern afcendendoiuxtaEtilianivlquein lllam Bulgarisni, 
 vbi nulla cli ciuitas, nili quxdam cafalia prope vbi cadit Etilia in mare.Et illi Bu Jgari funt pef- 
 firniSaraceni/ortiustencnccs legem Machometi, quamaltquialij. Quum ergo vidi curiam 
 Baatu,expaui; quia videbantur prope domus cius,quafi quxdam magna ciuitas proten la in 16- 
 gum, 8c populus vndiq; circumt'ufus.vfq; ad tres vel quatuor leucas.Etficut populus lira tl ici- 
 ebat vnulquifq:, ad quam regionem tabcrnaculi dc beret figere ten tori i:ita ipfiiciunt ad quod 
 latus curix debeant fe collocare.quando ipfi deponunt domus. Vndedicitur curia Orda lingua 
 corum, quod foriat medium, quia Temper ell in medio hominum fuorum : hoc except o , quod 
 recti ad meridiem nullus (e coilocac, quia ad partem illam aperiuntur porta: Curix:Sed a dc»- 
 tris 8c a finifti is extendunt fe quantum volunc fecundum exigentiam locorum: dummodo re- 
 de ante curiam, vel ex oppofito curias non delcendunr, Fuimus ergo du6ti ad quendam Sara* 
 cenum,qui nori prouidebat nobis de aliquo cibo: fcquenti die fuimus ad curiam, & fecerat ex- 
 tendi magnum tentorium, quia domus non potuilfee capere tot homines Scmulieres, qune 
 conueneranr.Moouit nosdudornoftervt nonloqueremur, donecBaatu prxcipcret:8ctunc 
 loquer emur breuiter.Quxfiuit etiam * Crura mififletis nuncios ad eosJDixi quahter mifcratisad 
 eii «d Kcncham K er icham,8c quod nee ad ipfum mififfctis nuncios,nec ad Sattach litcras jnili crcdidifletis eo* 
 ruifleChriftianos: quia non pro timote aliquo, feci ex tocgratulationc, quia audmeratis eos 
 cff«Chri(tianos,mifi(tis,, Tunc duxknos adpapilicnern : & monebamur, ne tangeremus cor- 
 dastentorij, quas ipfi reput ant loco liminis domus, Stetimusibinudispedibusin habituno- 
 iftro difcoopertis capitibus, & cramus fpeflaculum magnum in oeulis corum, Fuerac cniin ibi 
 frater lohannes de Piano catpini.fcd ipfe mutauerat habit um ne concemncretur;quia erar n un- 
 cius Domini Papx. Tunc inducti fuimus vlque ad medium tentotij , nee requifiuerunt vt face- 
 remusaliquamreucrentiam genua fleclendo,ficutfoIentfacerenuncij. Stetimus ergo coram 
 eo quantum pollit dici, Miferere mei Deus:Sc o runes era-ntin fummofilentio. Ipfe vcro luper 
 foIiumlongumfedebatSclatumficutlecliiSjtotumdeauratum, adquod afcendebaiur tribus 
 • gradibus,8c*nadominaiuxtaeum. Viriverodiffuii fedebantadextris dominx&afinilris:? 
 quod non irnplebant mulicres ex parte vna, quia crant ibi folx vxores Baatu , implebant vi- 
 ri. Bancus veto cum col mos 5c ciphis maximis aureis & argent eis , ornatis lapidibus prxtiofis 
 eratinintroim tentorijV Refpcxit crgpnosdiligentius, Sc noseumr Sc videbatur mihi fimi- 
 lis in flatura Domino Johannide Bellpmonte cuius anima requiefcit inpaceJErateriam vultus 
 cius tunc perfufus gutta rofea.Tandem prxcepit vt loquercr.Tunc duc"tor nolter pre; cepit vt fle- 
 fleremus genua, & Ioqueremur . Flexi vnum genutanquam homini : tunc innuit quod ambo 
 £ecterem, quod & feci r nolens contendere fuper hoc. Tun c prxcepit quod loquerer.Et ego co- 
 gitans quod orarem Dominum.quia flexeram ambo genua,Incepi verba oratione,diccns:Do- 
 mine,nosoramusDorainum,aquobonacun6taprocedunt,quideditvobisifta terrena, vt dec 
 vobis poft hf c ccclcflia : quia hare fine ill is vana funt. Et ipfe diligentet sufcultaui t,8c fubiunxi: 
 Noueritis pro certo quod ccelcltianon habebitis.nifi fueritis Chriftianus,Dicitcnim Deus.Qyr 
 crcdiderit & baptizatus fuerit, faluus erit : qui vcro non crcdiderit , condemnabitur. Ad 
 illudverbumipfcmodcfte fubrifit, Sc alij Moal inceperuntplauderemanus deridendo nos. 
 Et obftupuit interpres meus , quern oportuit mc confortare ne timerem . Tunc fa6to fi- 
 fcntio, dixit Ego veni ad filiuni vefttum , quia audiuimus quod effet Chriflianus, 8c at- 
 tub ci literas ex parte Domini Regis Francorum : ipfe militmehuc ad ros. Vos dtbetis 
 
 fcirc 
 
 Delcendftniui 
 pcrfluracn Vol' 
 
 Non, 
 
 jo diete a Por- 
 ta fcfrca. 
 Aflvacan. 
 Dtclcriptio cu- 
 nx Baatu. 
 
 IlorJa farut mc 
 "iiam. 
 
 
 Mi(S rrtFtari- 
 
 :■'"' ' 
 
 . ; lav 
 
 lohannn it 
 
 Planutarpini. 
 
 Liters RegiJ 
 
 ?!»JiCJ!urn. 
 
l i7>e Tartars . Traftiques,and Dilcouenes. 8 7 
 
 fare qua decaufa. Tunc fecit me furgcre . Et,quxhuic nomen veilrum, &meum,& focj 
 mei, & interprets, & fecit omnia fcribi, Qujehuit ctiam, quia intcllexerat quod exiera- 
 tis terrain veftram cum exercitu vt haberetis bellum. Refpondi, Contra Saracenos vio- 
 hntes domum Dei Hierufalem , Quifiuic etiam fi vnquam mififfctis nuncios ad e- 
 um. Ad vos dixi nunquam , Tunc fecit nos federe , & dari dc Ia<3e fuo ad bibendum, 
 quod ipfi valde magnum reputant , quando aliquis bibit cofmos cum eo in domo fua , 
 Et dum fcdens refpicerem terrain, prxcepit vteieuarem vultum , volens adhuc nos am- 
 plius refpicere , vel forte pro fortilcgio : quia habcnc pro malo omine vel figno, vel 
 pro mala Prognoftica , quando aliquis fedcc coram eis inclinata facie quafi triftis, maxi- 
 me quum appodiat maxillam, vel mcntum fuper manum. Tunc exiuimus, & poft pau- 
 ca venit Dudtor noftcrad nos, &ducens nos ad hofpitium , dixit mihi , Dominus Rez 
 ro<?at, quod retinearis in terra ifta: & hoc non potcfi: Baatufacerc fineconfcientiaMan- 
 gu cham . Vnde oportet quod tu & interpres tuus catis ad Mangu cham , Socius vcro 
 tuus & alius homo reuertentur ad curiam Sartach ibi expe&antes donee reuertau's , Tunc 
 incepit homo DEI Interpres lugere repucans fe perditum : Socius etiam meus contc- 
 ftari , quodcitius amputarcnt ei caput, quam quod diuideretura me. Et ego dixi, quod 
 fine focio non pofTem ire : Et etiam quodbeneindigtbamusduobus famu'is, quia fi con- 
 tin^eret vnum infirmari, nonpoffem folus remanere. Tunc ipfe reuerfus ad curiam dix- 
 it verba Baatii. Tunc prsecepit: vadantduo facerdotes & interpres : & Clcricus reuerta- 
 tur ad Sartach, Ille rcucifus dixit nobis fummam. Et quando volcbam loqui pro Cleri- 
 co, quod iret nobifcum, dixir, Nonloquamini amplius, quia Baatu definiuit, & eoam- 
 plius nonaudeorcdire adcuriam, Deelcemofynahabebat Gofet clericusvigintifex ipper- 
 pera, &: non plus: quorum decern retinuit fibi&puero: & fexdecem dedit homini Dei pro no- 
 bis, Et lie dmifi fumuscumlachrimisabinuicem: Illoredcunte ad curiam Sartach, & nobis 
 ibi remanentibus, 
 
 De icinere fratrum verfus curiam Mangu cham. 
 
 IN Vigilia Afliimptionis peruenit ipfe clericus ad Curiam Sartach : & in craftino fue- 
 runt Sacerdotes Neftotini induti veitimentis noftris coram Sartach . Tunc du6u' fui- 
 mus ad alium hofpitem , qui debebat nobis prouidere de domo & cibo & equis , Sed 
 quia non habuimus quod daremus ei , omnia male faciebat , Et bigauimus cum Baatu 
 defcendendo iuxta Etiliam quinque feptimanas , Aliquando habuit focius meus tan- Qs'nq ,,e ftp«- 
 tarn fainem, quod dicebat mihi quafi lachrymando : videbatur mihi quod nunquam iTaTdVSf-' 
 comederim . Forum fequitur fempcr Curiam Baatu. Sed illud erat tarn longe a nobis, bant - 
 quod non poteramus ire , Oportebat enim nos irt pedibus pro defeitu equorum . Tan- 
 dem inuenerunt nos quidam Hungari , qui fuerant Clericuh , quorum vnus fciebat ad- QgHa»Su* 
 hue cantare multacorde, & habebatur abalijs Hungaris quafi Sacerdos, & vocabatur ad 
 exequias fuorum defunctorum : Et alius fuerat competenter inflruclus in Grammatica: 
 qui intelligeb3t quicquid dicebamus eiliteraliter , fed nefcicbatrefpondere : qui fecerunc 
 nobis magnam confolationem, afrerentes cofmos ad bibendum, & carnes aliquando ad 
 comedendum : qui quum poftulaiTent a nobis aliquos libros, &non haberem quospof- 
 fem dare, nullos enim habebam, nifi Biblium & breuiarium, dolui multum. Tunc dixi 
 cis, affertc nobis chartas, &ego fcribam vobis, quamdiu erimus hie: quod & fecerunt. 
 Et liripfi vtrafque horas Beats Virginis & officium defunClorum , Quodam die iunxic fc 
 nobis quidam Comanus, falutans nos verbis latinis , dicens , Saluete Domini. Ego mi- Comanw, 
 rans, ipfo refalucato, quifiuiabeo, quis cum docuerat illam falutationem, Et ipfe dixit 
 quod in Hungaria fuit baptizatus a fra:ribus noftris quidocueranc ilium earn. Dixit etiam 
 quod Baatu qusefiuerat abeo multa de nobis, & quod ipfe dixeratei conditiones ordinis 
 noflri. Ego vidi Baatu equiranrem cum turba fua , & omnes patres familias cquicantes cum 
 co , fecundiim arftimationemmeam non erant quingenti viri. Tandem circa finem exal- 
 tationisfanfra? crucis venit ad nos quidam diues Moal, cuius patereratrhillenarius, quod 
 magnum eft inter eos, dicens, EgovosdebeoducereadMangu cham, & eft iter quatuor iterquanu* 
 menfium:&tantumfriguseftibi, quod findunturibilapides&arboresprofrigore: Videatis ™ nlluraa Vok 
 vtrumpoceritisfuftincre.Cui refpondi :Spero in virtute Dei, quod nos iuftincbimus,quod a- fngcnifiigiej 
 lij hominespoflunt fuflinere.Tunc dixit: Si non poteritis fuflinere, ego relinquam vos in via. 
 Cui refpondi, hoc non efleciuflum: quia non iuimuspro nobis, nifi mifli a Domino Yeftro: 
 Vndeexquo vobis committimur, non debetis nos dimittere* Tunc dixit , bene eric. Pcft 
 
 H s heir 
 
 TH 
 
 IIH 
 
88 TheEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 irf.Septtmb, 
 
 Cangle popu'.i. 
 Maior Bulgaria. 
 
 hocfecitnos oftendere fibi omnes veftes noftraSj & quod fibividebatur minus necefiarium- 
 fecit deponere fub cuftodia hofpitis noftri. In craftino attulerunt cuilibec noftrum vnam 
 pelliceam villofamarietinam & braccas de eadem, & botas fiue bucellos fecundum mo- 
 rem eorum cumfoccisde filtro; & almucias de pellibus fecundum modum eorum. Erfe- 
 cundadiepoft exaltationem Sandtse cruris incepimus equitare nos cres habentes fignarios: 
 & equitauimus continue verfiis Orientem vfque ad fedum Omnium Sanctorum, per to- 
 tam illamtcrram, & adhucampliushabitabant Cangle, qusdam parentelaRomanorum. 
 Ad Aquilonem habebamus maiorem Bulgarian^ St ad meridiem praidiitum mare Cafpium. 
 
 De flumine Iagag, & dediuerfis regionibus fiue 
 nationihus. 
 
 lagagflumen u. 
 diais a Volga. 
 
 Pafcatir terra, 
 vel Bafcirdoium 
 terra vel Zjbicr. 
 
 Hungari a Palca- 
 sir oriundi. 
 
 Na:a, 
 
 Deut.ji.si, 
 
 d Qui fuJrunt ifii 
 fratres? 
 
 Cangleplanicits 
 sngens. 
 
 POftquam iucramus duodecim diebus ab Etilia inuenimus magnum flumen, quod vocant 
 la°a°:fk venicab Aquilone deterraParcatirdefcendensinprfdidtummarcJdiomaPafca- 
 tir &Hungarorum idemefttSifunr paftoresiine ciuitace aliqua. Et contiguatur maiori Bul- 
 garia; ab Occidente , Ab ilia terra verfus Orientem in latere illo Aquilonari non eft am- 
 plius aliqua ciuitas. Vnde Bulgaria maioreft vltima regio habens ciuitatem, Deilla re-<- 
 oione Pafcatir exierunt Huni, quipoftea dicti funt Hungati. Vnde ipfa eft maior Bulga- 
 ria . Etdicic Ifidorus, quod pernicibus cquis clauftra AlexandrirupibusCaucafi ferasgen- 
 tes cohibentia tranfierunt: ita quod vfque in iEgyptum foluebatur eistributum. Deftru- 
 xsrunc etiam omnes terras vfque in Franciam , Vnde fuerunt maions potential , quam 
 fynt adhuc Tartari. Cum illis occurrerunt Blaci & Bulgari & Vandali, De ilia enim ma- 
 iori Bulgaria venerunt illi Bulgari : Ec qui func vltra Danubium prope Conftancinopo- 
 linj&c iuxta Pafcatir funtllac, quod idem eft quod Blac: fed B, nefciunt Tartari fonare: 
 a quibus venerunt illi qui funt in terra AfTani , Vtrofque enim vocant Ilac, & hos &ii- 
 Jos lin°ua Rutenorum &Polonorum, &Boemorum. Sclauorum eft idemidioma cum lin- 
 ouaVandalorum, quorum omnium manus fuit cum Hunis: & nunc pro maiori parte eft 
 cum Tartaris quos Deus fulcitauit a remotionbus partibus , populum multuni , & gen- 
 terri ftultam , fecundum quod dicit Dominus , Prouocabo eos , id eft , non cuftodientes 
 Leoem fuam, in eo qui non eft populus, & in genre ftulta irritabo eos ; Hoc complc- 
 tur°ad literam fuper omnes nationes non cuftodientes Legem Dei, Hoc quod dixi de ter- 
 ra Pafcatir fcio per fratres Prsdicatores , || qui iuerunt llluc ante aduentum Tartarorum* 
 Et ex tunc erant ipfi fubiugati a vicinis Bulgaris S3racenis, & plures eorum faiti Sara- 
 ceni. Alia poflunt fciri per Chronica: quia conftat quod ilia? prouincise poft Conftan- 
 tinopolim, quz modo dicuntur Bulgaria , Valachia, Sclauonia, fuerunt prouincia:Gre» 
 corum,Hunr-aria fuit Pannonia, Equitauimus ergo per terram Canglea feftoSanclarcru- 
 cis vfque adfeftum Omnium San&orum, quolibet die fere quantum eft a Parity's vfque 
 Aurelianum , fecundum quod poflum eftimarc, & plus aliquando : fecundum quod ha- 
 bebamus copiam equorum , Aliquando enim mutabamus bis in die vel ter cquos, Ali- 
 quando ibamus duobus diebus vel tribus, quibus non inueniebamus populum, & oporte- 
 batleuiusire. De viginti vel triginta equis nos femper habebamus peiores, quia extraneie- 
 ramus* Omnes enim accipiebant ante nos cquos meliores, Mihi femper prouidebant de 
 fortiequo , quia eramponderofus valde : fed vtrum fuauiter ambularet vel non , de hoc 
 non auderem facere qusftioncm. Nee etiam audebam conqueri , fidure portaret, Scd 
 fortunamfuam oportebat vnumquemque fuftinere. Vndeoriebatur nobis difficillimus la- 
 bor: quia mu!totiesfatigabanturequi,antequampoflemus peruenire ad populum. Ec tunc o- 
 portebat nos percutere & flagellare equos, pooere etiam veftcs fuper alios faginarios, mutars 
 cquos faginarios; aliquando nos duos ire in vno equo, 
 
 De fame & fiti , & alijs miferijs qiws fuflinuerunt 
 
 in itinere. 
 
 DE fame & fid, frigore & fatigatione non eft numerus . Non enim dant cibum nifi 
 in fero, In mane dant aliquidbibere, vel forbere milium. Infero dabant nobis car- 
 nes.fcapulamarietiscumcoftis&debrodioad menfuram bibere. Quando habebamus de 
 brodiocarniumadfatietatemoptimerefkiebamur, Et videbatur mihi fuauiflimus potus & 
 
 maxime 
 
1 be Tartars. Traffiques,andDifcouenes. 89 
 
 maxitne nutiiens.l'criaic'xcapermancbamiciunusviq; adno&ern,nihilhaurieris,Tuncopor- 
 
 tcbac me in triftiria & dolore comedcre carncs. A'iquandooponebatnos comedere carnes 
 
 ie:nico<5t3$v:l fere crudas propter dtTcdummacerixignis,qi!andoiaccbamiis in cv.r;Dis&:de pefeSus mataij 
 
 noctc delcendcbamus:q tia tunc non poteramus bene coiligcre ftcrcora cquorum vel bo- '°"' s ' 
 
 urn: aliammatcrhmienisraroinueniebamus; nifi forte alicubi aliquasfpinasi In ripisetiam „,. „ . 
 
 aliquonim tiuminumiuntahcubi lylux. bed hoc raro, liipnncipio deipicicbar. nos mulium 
 
 Ductor nofter,& faftidiebac eum duccre tamviles homines, Poitea tamen quando incepic 
 
 nos melius cognofcere, duceba: nos per curias diuittim Moallorum : & oportcbatr.os crarc 
 
 proipfis, Vnde fihabuillcmbonum inccrpretem , habebamoportunitatein feminandimul- 
 
 tabona . Illc Chingis primus Cham habuitquatuor filios, de quibus egreffi funtmukij qui 
 
 onirics habentmodo magnas curias: Siquotidie mukiplicantur& dirfunduntur per illam 
 
 Vaftatn folitudinem , quae eft ficut mare . Per multos ergo lllorum duccbar ncs Dudtor vafiaibiitudo, 
 
 nofter. Ec mitabantur fupra modum,qma nolebamus recipere aurum , velarcentum,vel 
 
 veftes prxciofas. Qusrebant eriam de magno Papa, fi efiet ka fencx ficut audierant:au- 
 
 dieranc enim quod diet quingentorum annorum. Quasrcbant dc terris noftris liibieflene 
 
 multae ones, & boues,& equi. Dc Oceano mari non potucrunt intelligcre, quod eflet 
 
 fine termino vcl fine ripa. In vigilia omnium Sanctorum dimilimus viam in Oiiemem, 
 
 || quia iam populus defcenderac multum verlus meridiem : Et direximus iter per quaf- ^ ot , aii;gent«: 
 
 ctam Alpes rede in meridiem continue per oflo dies , In ilia folkudine vidi mukos afi- itervetfusmai. 
 
 1 *-. i ■ • rr i i* i r • r diemo&odie- 
 
 nos, quos vocant Colan, qui magis auimulantur mulis : quos multum prokquuti lunt tum. 
 Dux nolle &focij eius, fed nihil profecerunt propter nimiam velocitatem eorum. Septima '-'. , .^ , 
 die inceperunt nobis apparere ad meridiem montes akiHimi : & intrauimus planiciem, Montes aiciffimj. 
 qua: irrigabatur ficut hortus, & inuenimus terras cultas. In oflauis omnium Sanctorum Terra cult*. 
 intrauimus villain quandamSaracenorum nomine Kcnchat : cuius capiraneus occurrtbat Kenchat villas*, 
 extra villain duci noftro cum ceruifia & ciphis, Hie eft enim mos eorum ; quod de omnibus raC6norum- 
 villisfubditiseis, occurratur nuncijs Baatu, & Manguchamcum cibo&potu. Tunc tern- StptimodieNo. 
 poiisibant ibi fuper glaciem. EcpriusafeftoSandti Michaelis habueramus gclu infoiitudi- petgladem. 
 ne, Qnaefiui de nomine Prouinciae il!ius:fed quia iam eramus in alio territorio nefcierunt mi- 
 ni dicere, nifi a nomine ciuitatis , qua; erat valde patua. Et defcendebat magnus fluuius de Cmirasvaide 
 montibus.quiirrigabattotamregioncm, fecundumquod volcbantaquamducere :necdef- P? raa - . . , 
 
 i i • i- i r i l r l l * -i • i . t , Magnus fluulllj. 
 
 cendcbatinaliquod mare, led abioibebatur a terra: Scfacicbatetiammukas paludes.Ibividi Muin paiadss. 
 vices, £c bibi bis de vino. Vites » 
 
 ■ De interfe&ione Ban & habitatione Teuto- 
 
 nicorum. 
 
 SEquentidievenimusadaliudcafalepropinquiusmontibus, Et quxfiuidemontibus, de Ca&l!> 
 quibus intellexi, quod eflent montes Caucafi : qui contiguantur ex vtraquc parte maris Monte? caiuaff 
 ab Occidente vfquead Orientem : & quod tranfiueramus mare fupradiclum, quod inrrat Eti- «'»ig"anturn«. 
 Iia. QuarfiuietiamdeTalas ciuitate, in qua erantTeutonici ferui Buri, de quibus dixerac Marvel ciiin, 
 frater Andreas, de quibus eriam quasfiueram multum in curiaS3rtach& Baatu.Sednihilpote- j^/SlS: 
 ramimclligcie,nifiquodBandominuseorumfueracinterfcCtusta!ioccafione,Ipfe non erat ° ' 
 
 in bonispalcuis , Et quadam die dum effet ebrius, loquebatur ita cum hominibus fuis.Nonne 
 fum de genere Chingis can licit Baatus (Et ipfe erat nepos Baatu vel frater) quare non vadarn 
 fuper ripara Etilisc, ficut Baatu, vt pafcam ibi? Quje vevbareiata fuerunt Baatu. Tunc ipfe Ba- 
 atu fcripfic hominibus illius,vr adducerenteidominumipforumvinflum: quod Si. fecerunr. 
 Tunc Baatu qusfiuitabeofidixiffet tale verbum : & ipfeconfelTus eft, tamen excufauit fe, Ca&le. 
 quia ebrius erat : (quia iolent condonare ebrijs:) & Baatu refpondit : Qupmodo audebas 
 menominarein ebrie'tatctua? Et fecit ei amputari caput, De illis Teutonicis nihil potui 
 cognofcere vfquead curiam Mangu. Sed in fupradidro cafali intellexi, quod Talas erat poft 
 nos iuxca motes per lex dietas.Quindo veni ad curiam Mangu cham,inrell'exi quod ipfe Man- fedm*?""'*"" 
 gu tranftulerat eosdeliceiuia Baatu verlus Oricntem fpacioitineris vnius menfis dTalasad 
 quandam villain quse dicitut Bolac: vbi fadiunt aurum, & fabricant arma. Vnde non potui ire 
 nee redirep;reos. Tranfiuieundofatisprope, per ties diecas forte, ciuitatem illam : fed ego 
 ignoraui:necpctuiffem etiamdecIinalTc extra viam, iibenefciuiflem. Aprardiftocalaliiui- 
 mus ad Orientem iuxta montes pradiftos: & ex tunc intrauimus inter homines Mangu cham, *£™ d: '™ n ™ 
 qui vbi que cantabant & plaudebant coram duflore noftro : quia ipfe eratnuncius Baatu. "° U ' * 
 Huncenimhonoremexhibentiibi mutuo,vt homines Mangu chara recipianc nuncios Baatu 
 
 H 3 prsdifto 
 
 
 L 
 
o o The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations ? 7"fo Tartars. 
 
 Alp:s in quibus 
 '^bicabantCaia- 
 
 •JS.'JV. 
 
 tfagnus fluuiir. 
 
 Terra culta. 
 liquius villa 
 bona. 
 
 Longiflimc i 
 Pcrlide. 
 Latus quiode* 
 cemdiaamm 
 circimu. 
 
 Cailac magna 
 villa & plena 
 mcrcatonbuj. 
 
 C.'inomanni, 
 
 piaeditto modo: be limihrer homines Baatu nuncios Mangu, Tamen homines Baatu iupeti- 
 ores funtj nee exequuntur ita diligenter « Paucis diebus peft hec intrauimus AIpcs, in quibus 
 folebant habitare Catacatay : &inuenimus ibi magnum ftuuium.qucmoportuitnostninf- 
 irenauigio. Poit haec intrauimus quandam vallem , vbi vidi caftrum quoddam defiruclum, 
 cuius muri non crant nifideluto, &terracolebaturibi. Et poftinucnimus quandam bonam 
 villain qua; dicitur Equius , in qua crant Saraceni loquentes Perficum : longiflimc ta- 
 men crant a Perfide. Sequenti die tranfgrcflls illis Alpibus quardefcendebant a magnis mon- 
 tibusad meridiem , ingrcITi fumus pulchernmam planiciem habentem montes altos a dextris, 
 & quoddam mare a iiniftris,fiuequendamlacuw qui duratquindeccm dietas in circuitu, Et 
 ilia planicies to:a irrigabatur ad libitum aquis defcendentibus de montibus", qua? omnes teci- 
 piun tur in illud mare. In arftate rcdiuimus ad latus Aquilonare illius maris , vbi fimiliter crant 
 magni montes . In planicie prsedicla folebant cfie multa: villa; : fed pro maiori parte omnes 
 erantdeftrucljE, vt pafecrent ibi Tartari : quia optima pafcua erant ibi, Vuammagnam vil- 
 lain inuenimus ibi nomine Cailac, in qua erat forum, & frcquentabanteam multi mercato- 
 res. In ilia quicuiinusquindccemdiebus,expei£tantcsquendamfcriptorcm Baatu, quidtbe- 
 batefle fociusducisnoftri innegotij-> expediendis in curia Mangu.TerraillafokbardiciOr- 
 ganum: & folebant habere propnum idioma, & propriam htersm : Sed ha:c tota erat 
 occupata a Cor.tomannis . Etiamin litcratura ilia &idiomate folebant faccre Ntftonnidc 
 partibus illis. Dicuniur Organa , quia folebant efle optimi Organiftce vel Citharifla; , vt 
 dictbatur mihi * Ibi primo vidi ldolatrias, de quibus ncucriti* , quod funt multa; fcclx 
 in Oiicnte, 
 
 Iugurej populi, 
 Idolacix. 
 
 Cailac. 
 
 QuodNeftoriniet Saraceni funt mixti& Idolatry. 
 
 PRimi funt Iugures, quorum terra contiguaturcum terra prxdifta Organum inter montesil- 
 los vt rfus Orientem : Et in omnibus ciuitatibus eorum iutu mixti Neftorini & Saraccni.Et 
 ipfi ctia funt diftufi verfiis Perfidem in ciuitatibus Saracenorum.Tn prfdicla ciuitate Ccalac ha- 
 bebant etiam ipfi tres Idolatrias,quarum duas intraui,vt viderc m (tultitias corum. Tn prima in- 
 ueni quendam,qui habebat cruciculam deatramento fuper manum fuam. Vnde credidi quod 
 eiTctChriftianusiquiaadomniaquajquaTrebamabeo.rcfpondebatvtCl.riftknus.Vndequf- 
 fiuiabeo: Quarcergononhabetiscn cem &imaginemleluChiifti? Et ipferefpendit, non 
 habemusconfuetudinem. vnde ego credidi quod eflent Chriftiani: fed ex defc£tu doctrine, 
 omitterent, Videbam ennn ibi poll quandam ciftam, qua; erat eis loco altaris, fuper quam po- 
 nunt lucernas & oblationes, quandam irmginationem habentem alas quafi Sancti Michaelis: 
 & alias quafi ipforum tencntes digitos (icut ad bsnedicendum. Illo fcro non potui aliudiuue- 
 nire. Quia Saraceni in tamiiinuhant cos, quod nee etiam volunt loquiinderis. Vndequan- 
 doqu5erebamaSaiaicenisderitutalium,ipfifcandaliz3bantur. In craftino fuel unt kalends & 
 pafcha Saracenorum& murauiholpitium : ita quod fui hoipitatus prope aliam Idolattiam, 
 Homines enimcolligunt nuncios, quilibet fecuudumpoiTc fuum velportioncm fuam. Tunc 
 intransldolatriamprxdidiaminueni lacerdotes Idolotum. In kaiendis enim apetiunt tcm- 
 ,., ,. plafua.&ornantfefacerdotes.&oftciuntpopulicblationesdepane&fiuflibus, Primocrgo 
 
 Iugures fcchdV ', r , , ■ ■ tj 1 o n K t ■ r . r 
 
 uifaabaiijsido- defenbo vobis ntus communes omnes Idolairarum: & polka lirorum Iugurum;qui lunt quail 
 fec~tadiuifaabalijs. Omnes adorant ad Aquilonem complofis manibus : & profiernentes le 
 genibus fiexis ad tcrram,ponentesfrontem fuper manus. VndeNcfloiiniin partibus illis nul- 
 lomodoiunguntmanusorando : fed orant extenfis palmis ante pectus. Porrigunttcmpla 
 fua ab Oriente in Occidentem : & in latere Aquilonari faciunt cameram vnam quafi ecru exe« 
 untcm: vela'iterjSi eft domus quadrata, in medio domus ad latus aquilonare interciudunt v- 
 nam cameram in loco chori. Ibi ergo collocant vnamarcam longam & laramficutmcnfam 
 Et poft illam arcam contra meridiem collocant principalc idolum: quod ego vidi apud 
 
 lolacrii. 
 
 fnitapiidCaraca- 
 
 rumfracciVVil- 
 
 helmus. 
 
 vnam. 
 
 Caracarum,ita magnum ficutpingitutSan£tus Chriftopherus. Etdixitmihiquidamfacerdos 
 Neftorinus, qui vencrat ex Cauya,quod in terra ilia eft Idolum ita magnum, quod poteft vi- 
 deri a duabus dietis, Et collocant alia idola in circuitu,omnia pulchcrrime deaurata: Super ci- 
 ftira illam , qua: eft quafi menfa vna,ponunt lucernas & oblationes. Omnes ports templorum 
 funt apertx ad meridiem contrario modo Saracenis. Item habent campanas magnas ficut nos. 
 Idco credo quod orientalesChriftianinoluerunt habere eas. Rutcni tamen habent &Gisci 
 in Gafaria. 
 
 ! De 
 
c Tbe 'Tartars. Traffiq ues, and Difcoueries. 91 
 
 De templis corum & idolis , & qualiter fe habent 
 in officio deorumfuorum. 
 
 OMnes facerdotes corum rafum habent totum caput &barbam ; funt vefliti de croceo, 
 & feruant caftitacem , ex quo radunt caput : Et viuunt parker centum vel ducenti in vna 
 coi'-gi egatione.Diebus quibus intrant ten:plum , ponunt duo fcarnua,& ft dene e regions cho- 
 rus contra chorumhabenceshbros in manibus, quosaliquandodeponuntfuper iilafcamna: 
 & habent capita difcooperta quadiu infunt in teplo,legentes in filencio,& tenentes filencium. 
 Vnde cum ingreffiisfuiflemapudOratoriumquoddam eorum, & inueniflVm eos ica feden- 
 tes,multis modis tentsui eos prouocare ad verba,& nullo modo potui. Habent etiam quocun- 
 quevaduntquendamreftcm centum vel ducentorum nucleorum, ficut nos portamus pacer 
 no(ter:Et dicuncfemper hsec verba: Oumum HaUaui : hoc eft, Deustunofti; fecundum 
 quod quidem eorum interpretatus eft mihi. Et toties expedtantremunerat'onem a. Dco,quo- 
 u'eshoc uicendo memoraturDei. Circa templum fuumfemper faciunt pulcl/;urnatrium,quod 
 bene includunt muro : & ad meridiem faciunt portam magnam , in qua feden 2d colloquen- 
 diim,Etfuperiiiamportamcrigumperticarnlongam,qua;emineatfi poftint, fu.iertotamvi!- 
 lam. Ec per lllam pertic nm potcf? cognolci, quod domus illafit templum Idolorum. Ifta com- 
 inunia funt omnibus Idolams. Q^ando ergo ingreffus fui predittam Idolatri3m,inueni facer- 
 dotes fedentesfubpr>rtaexteriori, Illiquosvidi.videbanturmihifratres Franc cfferafisbarbis. 
 Tyarashabebantincapitibuscartaceas. Iftorumlugurum facerdotes habent talemhabkum ty"? <*»»««?, 
 quocunque vadunc: femperfunt in tuniciscroceis fatis ftridiis accinc^ti e'efuper recte fuuc 
 Franci: & habent pallium fuperhumerum finiftrum defcendens inuolutu per pectus &dorfum 
 adlarusdcxtrumlicutdiaconusportanscafulaminquadragefirna.Iftorumliterasacceperunt 
 Tarcari. Ipfi incipiunt fcribere furfum ,& ducunt Iineam deorfum, & codem modo ipfi legunt aai'iolbuV" 
 & mukiplicant lineas a finiftra ad dcxtram. Ifti multum vtuutur cartis & cara&eribus pro for- 
 tilcgio. Vnde templa fua plena funt bteuibus fufpenfis. Et Mangu-cham mittic vobis literas in Soitllegt 
 jdiomate Moal & literatura eorum.Ifti comburunt mormos fuos fecundum anciquum modum, Bomhudio mor; 
 &reconduntpu!uereminfummitatepyramidis. Cum ergo fediflemiuxtaprxdidtosfacerdo- ,UOIUn >. 
 tespoftquamingreflus fueram templum & vidiflem idola eorum multa magna &pania: qu;r> 
 fiuiabeis, quid ipfi crederentde Deo. Qui refponderunc, Noncredimus nifivmimDeiiw. 
 Et ego quarfiui. Creditis quod ipfe fit fpiritus vel aliquid corporale? Dixerunt, credi- 
 mus quod fit fpiritus. Et ego : Credit quod nunquam fumpferit humanam naturam? Di:;e- 
 runtjminime. Tunc ego : ex quo creditis,qucd non fit nifi vnus fpiritus,quare facltis ei imagi- 
 nes corporales,& tot infuper? Etex quo non creditis quod fadtus fit homo, quarc facitisci 
 magis imagines hominum, quam altcrius animalis? Tunc refponderunc, No: non figurahius 
 iftas imagines Deo. Sed quando aliquis diues moritur ex noftris,vel filiuSj vel vxor, ve! ohquis 
 chaius eius facie fieri imaginem defundti, & ponit earn hie : & nos veneramur earn 2d mei no. 
 riam eius. QUibus ego,Tunc ergo non facitis ifta nifi propter adulationem hominum. Imp.io 
 dixerunt ad memoriam. Tunc quxfiucrunt a me quafi deridendo: vbi eft Deus? Quibus ego* 
 Vbieftanimavefha? Dixerunt,incorporenoftro. Quibuscgo. Nonneeftvbiqueincorpore 
 tuo & totum regit,& tamen non videtur? Ita Deusvbique eft, & omnia gubernat, inuifibilis 
 tamen, quia intellcftus & fapicntia eft. Tunc cum vellem plura tatiocinati cum illis, interpres 
 meusfacigatus,nonvalens verba exprimere/ecit me tacere. Iftorutnfedf funt Moal fme Tar- 
 tari, quantum ad hoc,quod ipfi non credunc nifi vnumDeum: tamen faciunt deflftroi.T>a°i- 
 ncs defundtorum fuorum, & induunt eas quinquepannispreciociffimis , & ponunt in vna bi- 
 ga vel duabus , & illas bigas nullus audet tangere : & funt fub cuftodia diuinatorum fuorum, 
 qui funt eorum facerdotes, de quibus poftea narrabo vobis. Iftidiuinatores temper funt arte 
 curiam ipfius Mangu & alioru diuitum : pauperes cnim non habent eos; nifi illi qui funt de ge- 
 ncreChingis. Etcumdebentbig3re,ipfipra?cedunt,ficutcoliimnanubisfilios Jfrael, &ipfij 
 confiderant locum metandi caftra,& poft deponunt domos fuas;& poft eos tota curia, Et tunc 
 cum fit dies feftus fiue kalends ipfi extrahunt pra?didlas imagines & ponunt eas ordinate per 
 circuiiumindomofua. Tuncveniunt Moal&ingrediuntuidomumilbmj&inclinant feima- 
 ginibus illis & veneramur illas. Et illam domum nemini ingredi extranet) licet: Quadain 
 cnim vice volui ingredi & multum dure increpatus fui. 
 
 Dc 
 
 : 
 
.■■ ■■ i. nu i i ■! ---■ i mi ii i — a^mmmam — pM — — aw— mm* ..... 
 
 pz The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The Tartars. 
 
 Iohannis. 
 
 Tan^ur populi, 
 loroliimi. 
 
 Sours pi!o(Ts 
 caudk-his fimi 
 lesiur.iinQm- 
 aera America 
 jfeptentrionalis 
 prouincia. 
 
 Tcbct popiili. 
 
 De diuerils nationibus., & de illis qui comedere 
 
 folebant parentesfuos. 
 
 Ra?di£tiveroIugures, qui funt raixti cum Chriflianis SiSaracenis, perfrequentesdifpit- 
 tati.>nes,vtcredo,peruenerunt ad hoc, quod non credunt nifi vnumdeum. Etiftiiue- 
 runthabitancesinciukatibus, quipoftobediueruntChinoisCham: vndeipfedcditrcgi co- 
 rum filiam fuam. F.t ipfaCaracaruuieft quafiin tcrrirorio corum : Et toia terra regis f uepref- 
 Patriaprcsbitcvi byteri Iohannis & Vut fratris eius circa terras eorum : Sed ifti in pafcuis ad aquilonem, ilii Iu- 
 gures inter monies ad meridiem, Indeed quodipfi Moal ibmpferunt litems eorum. Etipfi 
 iiintmagni fcripcores eorum: &omnes fere Neftorini fciunt Iiteras eorum, Poft iitos funt 
 ipfi Tangut ad orientem inter montes iilos , homines forjtiflimi , qui ccperunt Chingis in bel- 
 le Et pace faiia dimiffus ab eis, poftca fubiugauit eos. Ifli habent boues fortiffimos haben- 
 tes caudasplenaspilis ficut equi,& ventres pilofos &dorfa. Baffiores iunt alijsbobusin ti- 
 bijs,{edferocioresmultum. lititrahuntmagnasdomos Moallorum: & habent cornua gva- 
 ciiia, longa,acuofa,acutiflirria: ita quod oportcc Temper fecaiefummitaies eorum. Vacca 
 non pctmittic le iniuiigi nifi eanttturei.Habentetiam naturam bubal: quiafi videnthominem 
 induiurnrubeisjinfiliuntineurnyolentcs hiterficcre. Poftilios funt Tebct homines iolentes 
 comedere parcntes fuos dcfunclcs, vc caufa pietatisjion facerent aliiidfepulchrsim eis nifi 
 vifcerafus, Modotamcn hocdimiferunt, quia abominabiles erant omni nation!. Tamen 
 adhuc faciumpulchrosdphcsdecapitibus parentum, vt illis bibentes habeant memotiam 
 eoiLir; in iocuiiditatefiia. Hoc dixit mihi qui viderat. 10a habent multum de auro in terra 
 Auriabundantis. f ua , Vnde qui indiget auro, fodit donee reperiat , &accipiatquandoindiget,reilduum con- 
 dens in terra : quia iutpeneretin area vel in thdaurOjCrederet quod Deus auferret ci aliud 
 quodeftinterra Deiftishomiriibusvidipe.fcnas multum deformes. Tangut vidihominest 
 magnosfsdfufcos. Iuguresfuntniediocrisfhturs ficutnoftri, Apud Iugures eft foils & ra- 
 dix ideornatisTurci& Comanici. PoftTcbet funtLanga&Solanga, quorumnuncios vidi 
 langi&sol=nga j ncur ; a: Qui adduxerant magnas bigas plufquam decern , cfjarum qiiacltbet trahebatur fex 
 bobus. Ifti iuntparu; homines & ful'ci ficut Hiipani : & habent tunicas fi cut fupertunicale 
 diac^onimanicis panim (hiclioribus : & habent in capitibos mitras ficut epifcopi. Sed pars 
 antf rioreftparum interior quatr. pofterior, & non terminatur in ynum angulum : fed funt 
 quadra? defuper, & iunt de ftramine rigidato per calcrem rri3gnum,& limato in tantum,quod 
 fulget ad radium fojis ficut fpeculurrs vel galea bene burniia. Et circa tempera habent longaS 
 bendas de eadem materia affutas ipfi mitrsej quaele extendunt 2d ventum ficut duo cornua 
 f/eridicntiadetemporibus. Etqur.ndoventus nimisiaclateasplicant easpcr mediummitta: 
 superius a tempore in tempus: &iacentficat circuius ex uanfuerfo capitis. Et principalis nun- 
 cius quando veniebat ad curiamjiabebat tabulam de dente elephantino ad longitudinem vni- 
 uscubiti, &adl3titudinemvniusp3lmi, rafammultum: Et quandocunque loquebatur ipfi 
 Cham,velaIicuimagno viro, feinptr afpiciebatinillamtabuiam, acfiinueniretibi ea qua: 
 dicebat : ncc refpiciebat ad dexcram vel finiftram , nee in facicm illius cui loquebatur. Etiam 
 accedens coram domino & recedens nufquam refpicit nifi in tabulam fuam. Vltraiftos Iunt 
 alij homines, vtintellexi pro vero, quidicuntur Muc, qui habentviilas, fed nulla animalia 
 fibi appropriant: tamen hint multi greges & multa armenta in terra ipfcrum,& nuilus cuftodit 
 ea» Sed cum aliquisindigeta'iquo, afcendit collem & clamat, &cmnia animalia audien- 
 tiaclamoremacceduntcitcaillumj&permittuntfetraclari qnaiidcmcftica. Et f. nincius vel 
 aliquis extranetis acccdat ad regionem illam,ipfi includunt eum in domo, & miniftrant ei ne- 
 cejtTaria . donee negocium eius fuerit expeditum. Quia fi iret extraneus per regionem,anima- 
 MagnaOthaya. lhadodorem eiusfugerent ; &cfficerentur fylueflria. Vltra eft magna Cathaya,cuiusincoIa: 
 cr.uqtiitusvt credo dicebantur Seres. Abipfisenimveniuntoptiir.if anniferici, Etillcpopu- 
 I'jsdicitur Seres a quodamoppido eorum. Bene intellexi , quod in illaregione efteppidum 
 habens muros argenteos & propugnacula aurea. In ifta teira funt muha; piouincia' , quarum 
 plures adhuc non obcdiuntMoallis, Et inter* 
 
 Tangut homines 
 reagniftdfufci. 
 
 RoSangi ["imiles 
 KilpaniijSc fufdu 
 
 Tabu'iiccJcr.tc 
 eicphancino. 
 
 Muc populi. 
 
 Aliqm dejidfrantur. 
 
 The 
 
 
The Tartars. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 
 
 91 
 
 The Journal of frier William de %ubruquis a French 
 
 man of the order of the minorite friers , lmto the Ea/i parts 
 of the vvorlde. An.D0m.12 5 3. 
 
 © his mott §>ottcrafgne, ij motfiEfyiCian Iojd Lewis, bp ©00s grace 
 
 tlje renottmeofeing of France.fticr William deRubruk.tljemEaiiClTof 
 tl?e ^©inojices o?Dcr,totfbecij bcaltij $ cotinua! trtumpb in CHRIST. 
 31 c is to?ttte n in tlje booke of Eccle(jaflicus concctning tljgtoifc mast: 
 He ftialltrauell into forren countries, and good and cuillfliall hetrie Ecc ui -^- vcr "9' 
 inallthings. ©beberpfame action (nip lo?o aim hing)bat:e 3latcbic= 
 ucd : botobeic 3D toitb that 31 baue Done it ifte a Uiifc man, anc not like 
 a foolc, iFo? manp tljere be, that perfojme the fame action tohicb a toife 
 manDotb,nottoife[pbutmojeunDifcreetlp: of tohicb number 3 feare 
 mp fclfe to be one, 53ottoitbffanDing hotofoeuer 3 baue Done it, becatife pott commanccD nice, 
 luljcn 31 DcpactcD from pour btgbnes. to tojttc all things unto pott, tohicb 3 fboulo fee among 
 the Tartars.ano pou toiujcD me alfo that 3 ftoulo not feare to incite long letter*, 3 baue Done as 
 pottrmaiefiteinioincDmej pet toitb feare aiiareuerence,betaufe3toanttoojDcsatiD eloquence 
 fufficient to tojite bnto fo great amatettic. 15eithttotocn tbetefojebntopottrfacrcD Spiiefiie, 
 that in the peare of our Lojd 1253. about the jftones of Spap, toe enterca into the fea of Pontus, 
 tobtcb the Bulgarians call the great fea. 3tcontainetbinlengtl) (as3 learucD of ecrtatne mcr» 
 chants) 1 00S mi(es,anD is in a maner,tiiuiDCD into ttoo parts^ bout clje miDft thereof arc ttuo p jo= 
 uinccs,onc totoaros the J2o?tlj,anD anotljec totoams t!je ^ontlj, Che @>outb pjouincc is called 
 Synopolis.anDit istbccaftleanDpojte of the §>oloanof Turkie .- but tbejftojtb pjouincc is calico 
 cftIje£atincs,Gafaria: of t[je Greeks, toljicb uiljabtte upontljefcafijojc t!jeieof,ttis calleb Caf- 
 fada, that is to fop Canada. &no there are certaine heao lanos ffretcljing foojtij into the fea to* 
 toaros Synopolis. 3lfb,tbere are 3 oo.milesof DiSance bcttoeene Synopolis ano Ca(Taria,3nfo= 
 much tljat the Ditfance from tbofe points 0? places to Conrtantinople, in length ano bjeabtb is a* 
 iattt 700, miles : ano 700, miles alfofcom thence to tbe€afi,namclp to the cwtntrep of Hiberia 
 toljiclj is a pjouince of Georgia.Sttlje pjouince ofGafaria^Caffaria toe arritieti,ii)htchp?oti!nce 
 is, in a matter, chjee fquare, bauinga citie on the <[Qeff part thereof calico Kerfoua , toljcrein ;§>, 
 Clement fuffcreo martp jDome. Slim fapling before tbe faio citie, toe fatoe an iflanD , in tohicb a 
 Church is fapti to be built bp the bancs of angels. 'But about the mt'eftof the faio pjouince totoaro 
 the !§>outb,aS it toere, Upon a fbarpe angle 0? point, ffanDctb a citie calico Soldaia oiccctlp oucr a- soijais.- 
 gainfl Synopolis. Stio there Doe all the Turkie merchants, tobtcb traffique into tbe jftojtbcotm* 
 trieSjtn their tottrncp outtoarD,arriuc,anD as tbep retttrnebometoarD alfo from Ruflia,anD tl;e faio 
 |3o?theme rcgioriSjintoTurkie, Clje fojefaiD merchants tranfpojtthitbcr ermines ano grap 
 furrcs, toitb other rich ano cottlpf hinnes. ©there came cloathes maee of cotton oj bombaff, ano 
 Glke,anDDittcrslunDcs0ffpices.T5uti3ponthe«EattpattofthefaiDp?ouinccffanDcthacitieca!lcD oneHHeot* 
 Matriga,toheretheriuerTanaisDifchargethhtsffreamcstntothefeaofPontus,themotithtoher« MaIt ' fi3 • 
 ofisttoelttemilesinbjeaDtb. jFojtbisriuer, befojettentrcthintothe fea of Pontus, maketb 
 alittle fea,tohich hath in b leaotb ano length fcuen bunojetb miles,? it is in no place thereof aboue 
 fire paces Dcepe.tobereupon great beffels cannot faplc oucr it, Ipotobeit the merchants ofCcn- 
 ftantinople.arritting at tljefojefapD citie of Materia, fenD their bar&es onto the rtuer of Tanais | 
 to bttp Djieo fifbes, gjturgeons^bofles, 36arbils,anD an infinite number of other fidjes, Cljc 
 fojefapo pjouincc of Caffaria iscompaffeDintoith the fea onthjeefioes thereof: namclpontbe 
 223ett fioc, inhere Kerfoua the citie of &aint Clement isfituate: ontbeg>outbfi&etbecttie of 
 Soldaia tobereat toe arritteo: on the Call fioe Maricandis,anD there ftanos the citie of Matriga bp. 
 on the mouth of the riucr Tanais.'BeponD the fapD motttlj ftanoeth Zikia, tohicb is not in fubtccti= aids 
 on bnto the Tartars: alfo tlje people calleDSueuiano Hiberitotoaros the Caff, tofjoliftctoifeare 
 noCbnoertheTartarsDominion* SpojeouertotoarDs the ^outb.ffanoecb the citie of Trapefunda, 
 tohicb batb a gouetnour pjopcr to it felfe, namcD Guydo, being of the linage of the empcrours of 
 Conftantinople,anD is fttbtect tolto tlje Tartars. Jfrert blUO that IS Synopolis the citie of the S&Ofc 
 DanofTurkie.toholiRctoifeiS infubieccion bnto tljem. ji^ertbnto tljefc Ipethtlje countrcpof 
 Va(racius,tohofefonneiscallcDAftar,ofhtsgratiDfathcrbpthemothersftoe, toljotsnotinfub' 
 iectioti. 311 the latiD from the mouth of Tanais KHefttoarD as farreas Danubius is bncer their 
 iurifoiction. 3>ea beponD Danubius alfo,totoaros Conftantinople,Valakia, tobich is the Iano of 
 AffanusjanDBuigaiiaminorasfarrcasSolonia^ocallpap tribute biuo them, 3no befiDcstlje 
 
 tribute 
 
 Gafarh 
 
 J Matriga, 
 
JFrict Eirtbola- 
 racus dc Cicmo- 
 
 Qfftc ntcfeeof 
 
 TjuricaCbeilo- 
 ffltfus. 
 
 94, TheEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations, TheTartars. 
 
 tribute tmpofra, tbep l;auc aIfo,cf late peares, eractca of euerp ijouftclc an arc, ana al! fuel) cojne 
 as tljcp founalping on Ijcaycs. JKLte arrtueo tljcrefo?e atSoIdaia the tbjclftboftljc Galenas of 
 31unc* 9na Diners merchants of Conftaminople , luljtcfj lucre arriuca tljere befo je bs,rcpojten 
 tljat ccrtaine mclTengerswere comming tinker from tfce Ijolp lana, mljo lucre acfirous to trauell 
 Unto Sartach. jftotluitbtfanDing 3 mp felf ljao pabukelp giucn out bpon Palme Sunday luisbin $ 
 Cfjttrcljof Sandra Sophia,tbat3l was notpour nojanp ocljcr mans mcuenger,btit that 31 trauaileo 
 into tljofc infiocls acco?aing to tlje rule of our o?aer,3na being arriuectlje rata mcrr fats aamoni. 
 flicometo take Diligent Ijeeoe tobat 31 fpake:becaufetbeplj:w;ngrcpo]rteametobcameu"cngcr, 
 if 31 Rjoula fap tbccontrarp.ibat 31 ttere no metTenger,3! coulD not haue freepalfage granteo bnto 
 mcElje 31 fpake after tbts matter onto tbegoucrno;tS of tlje titkfi} rather auto their ticutenats, 
 uccaufc the gouernojs tbcfelues lucre gone to pap trtb nte Ditto Baatu,$ lucre not as pet returnee, 
 QUc hcaro of pour lop Sartach(mtotj) 3)m the bo!plana,tljat Ije teas become a Cbjitttan: anD tlje 
 Cf)?tfltatts toereerceeDinggIaDtijerof,$efpeciallptbemofl£!;?ititan}>ingofFrance,toljoistijere 
 nobJ in pilgrimages fightctb againft tl;c Saracens to noteme tlje holp plates out of tljetr batiaeg: 
 in'jerfoje 31 amDcterminea to govinto Sartach, $ to Delittcr unto him p letters of mp loja tlje iking, 
 luMjcmnbcaamomlbctbhimcottcerningtbegoooanBcommoBitieof all Cbjiffenaomc. 2natbep 
 recetucD bs toitb glaBttcs, ana gaue bs enterteine ment in tlje MJljeD?all Cburclj. '©be btfljcp of 
 Mnrb Church luastuitbSartachjiubotoIo ntemanpgooa things concerning tlje fatae Sartach, 
 lubicbaftetiuarB 31 founa to be nothing fo. ^Ijcnputtbcpbstoour ebopec, tobitljcr toe tnouiae 
 Ijaue cartes ana oren, 0? packe Ijojfes to trnnfpo?t our cartages, ana tlje marcljants of Conftan- 
 tinople acutfeo me.tiot to take cartes of tlje citizens of Soldaia, but to bup ecu crea cartes of mine 
 obinc, (fuclj as the Ruffians carrie tbeir Ckins in) aua to put all our carriages,tebsc'.! 31 tuou'a aap» 
 lit take out,iitto tljem : bcc?itfe,tf 31 (boulo bfc !jo?fes,3l mull be ccmifraineo at cuerp batte to take 
 aotone mp carriages,ana to lift tbem Dp againeott funajp bo?fcs backs: ana bcfiocs.tbat 31 fljoulB 
 riae a mo?e gentle pace bp tlje open Beaming- tlje cartes^berfojte.contenn'ng mp felfc luicb tbef e 
 cml cotmfel, 31 toast trattetling bnto Sartach 1 ,monetbs uuljtctj 31 coula (jaue Done in one.if J ijao 
 gone bpljojfe. 31 bought DJitljmeframConftantinople(beingbp ifjc marcbamg aDtuftDfoto 
 aoe) plcafant fruits, mufcaaeltoine, anaaelicate bifbet bjcaa to pjefentbnto tljegotierncursof 
 Soldaia, to the ena 31 migbtobtaine free paffage: becatife tljcp looke fauonrablie bpon no man 
 tobiebcemmetbtoitbanemptiebana, ailUiljich tljinges 31 beftotoea in one of mp cartes, (not 
 finning tlje gouemours of the citie at home) fo? tbep tolo me, if 31 coula carrie tljem to Sartach.thac 
 tljcp lunula be molt acceptable bnto him, Wxz tooke our tottrncp therefore about tlje balenas of 
 3iune,U3ttlj fotoer coucreo cartes of our olune ana tnith ttuo otljcr torjitb buee boirotoeaof tbem, 
 mbereinboecarneoourbeDaingtoreftbpontntljent'gljt, ana tbepallotoeobo fittfljo^festoriae 
 bpon, ^ojtbcrcwcreiuttfiueperfonstnourcompanp: name (p, 31 mpfelfe ana mine afToeiate 
 frier Bartholomew of Cremona,ano Gofec tbe bearer of tijtfe pjefents,tlje man of iJ5oD Turge- 
 mannus 3 anaNicolas mp fetuant, tobome 31 bougljt at Contlantinopletoitljfome part of tlje 
 almcs befiotteaupon me. 9pojeotter,tbep allotoco bs ttoo men, tohteb a?aue our cartis anc gatte 
 attenaance bnto our oren ana bojfes. 'E-berc be bigb pjomontojttes on tbe fea R»?e from Kc rf bua 
 iint tlje mdutb of ranais. 9lfo tljere are fojtte caflles betioeene Kerfoua ana Soldaia,euerp one 
 of toljiclj almott Ijaue tfjeic p?oper languages : amongfi lubome trjere loere manp Gothes , tjfjrt 
 fpafec tbe Dutcb tongue. "S5 epono tbe fata motmtainea totoaras tbe 3Ro?t!j, tbcre is a moS beauti* 
 fuUtoooagroluingonaplaiuefuloffountaincs ^frefljees, 3na beponatbetBOoatbereisamigb* 
 tie plaine cljampt'on, continuing 6ue aapes t'ournep bnto tbe berp rrtremttte ana bo jaers of tbe fain 
 pjouince nouljtoaro,ana tbere it is a narrotolHhmus 0} neck lana,ljauingfeaon tlje Cafl 9 SJJeffi 
 fioes tbcrof,tnfomuclj tljat tbcre is a aitclj maac fro one fea anto tlje otljcr. 31n tlje fame plainc(bc» 
 fo?e tljeTartars fpjangbp) mere tbe Comanians toontto iuljabite, toljo compellea tlje fo?efapa cu 
 ties ana calilcs to pap tribute bnto tbem. SSutbobcn the Tartars came bpontljem.tbemultituoeof 
 tlje Comanians entreo into tbe fo^efaiapjoutneeiana flea allof tbcm,euen bnto tlje fea ujo?c,betng 
 in fuclj crtrcame famine,tbat tbep Sobiclj lucre alitte,tDere conBrainea to eate bp tbcfe lubicb 10 ere 
 aeaa: ana(asamarcbantrepo?teabntcmelnbofabJe itbJt'tb bisotonecpcs)tljattIjeluriiigmen 
 aeuourea ana to?c tuitlj tbeir teetlj, tbe ralu fleilj of tlje aeao, as aogges luoula palue bpon carri* 
 on. ^oujaros tlje bojaersofrtjefapapjouincetljere be manp great lakes : bpon tlje bankes tobere* 
 of are fait pits o?fountaincs, tlje luater of lubicb fo fooneas it enteretlj into tbe lake , brcom* 
 metlj Ijarofalte like bnto ice, 9nootttoftbofe faltepittesBaatu ana Sartach baue great rcuc 
 nues : fo? tbep repap^e tljitljer out of all Ruffia foj falte : ana fo? eaclj carte loaae tljcp giuc ttoa 
 luebbes of cotton amounting to tljeDalue of balfan Yperpcra.'Kbere come bp fea alfo manp fl>tps 
 fo?faIt,luljicb pap tribute euerp one of tbem acco?oing to their buraen. 'S.fjethiroDap after luce 
 iuereaepaucaoufoftlje pjecinctsof Soldaia,inefo«natbe Tatcars, !3munga mijome being cn« 
 
 trca. 
 
 £Tsrta:s. 
 
^ 
 
 ^nnmi i i h i r-r rnrmm ■ ■ ■ ' " ■ ~ ■■■■■■* — , .■■,--,■—,,.■.■.■■,.■.■ „ 
 
 TbeTartars, TrafTiques,and Difcoueries. ' . 95 
 
 t engine cbougtjt 31 nws conic into a new U)gjlD.<[2J!;oTe lite ano mancrs 3 anl Deli nut onto pout 
 Itygbncsafujcllasllcan. 
 
 Of theTartars, andof their houfes. Chap.i/ 
 
 TUpepbauc t'ttno place anpfetlcDct'tie to abioc in, neither fenotuc tljcpof tbe rcleuiallcittrto 
 comc.Cbcp Ijaue DiuiocD all Scychia among tbemfclucs,tobicb ftrcccbetlj from djc rutcr Da= 
 nubiuscuen onto tlje nfing of t be funne. 9no cuerp ef tbeir capt aincs , accoiDing to tlje great o? 
 o? fmall number of bis people, knotoeclj the bounce of bis pafl tires,ano toijere be ougbt to feeo bis 
 tattel totnter ano fummer,^>p»ing ano autumne, jf oj in tlje tointer tbep Defceno onto tbc toatme 
 regions fou t bmarD, 9no tit t Ij e Cummer tbep afceno onto tbc colbe regions nojtbtoaro. 31" toiii* 
 trriBbcnfnoBJcIpctbvipontbegtouno, tbep feeDctbeircattell boon pallures toitbouttoater, be« 
 taufc tben t bep bfc inotu in rtcao of toater, ^beir boufes luljcreth tljcp flecpe, tbep grouno bpon a 
 rouno founoation of totckcrsartificiallp tojougbcano compacteo togetljer : tbe roofetoljere of e on« 
 CHetb (miikcfojcc)oftoickcrs,mccM igaboucinto one little rounDcll, otic of tobtcb rounDcll n£ 
 ccntic t b bptoaro a nccke ithc bnto a cljimnc p, tobicb tbep couer toitlj tobite felte , ano oftentimes 
 tljep lap mojtcr o) Uibttccartb opon tlje fapo felt , toitb the potooer of bones, tl;at it map (bine 
 tobite. 9no fomcttmes alfo tbep couer it toitb blacke felte* Clje fapo felte on tbe nechc of tbeir 
 Ijoufe, tbep ooe garnilb ouer to it b beau ttfttil Dane tie of pictures!, TScfoje tbe Dooje like totfc t bep 
 bang a felt cuttotiflp paint co ouer. Jfo? tl;ep fpeno all tbeir coloured felt, in painting bines,trccs P 
 btrD3,anDbea&estbercupon, CbefapDboufeptbepmakcfolarge.tbattbepconteinc ttjirctc foote 
 in bjeant b. fo} meafuring once tbe bjeaotb bctuiccne tbe tobrele-ruts of one of tbeir cartes, 3 
 fotmo it to be ao feete ouer : ano tobci i tbe boufe tuas opon tbc carte, it ftrr t cbee ouer tbe tobccles 
 on eacb Ooe fine f ecte at tbe Icalf, J tolo 1 2.oren in one tea.iie,Djatomg an Ijoufe onon a carc,eleucit 
 in one ojocr arcoiDtitaj to tbe bjeaotb of the carte, ano eleuen inoje bcfoie tbent : tbearletree of tbe 
 carte toas of an buge bigncs I Ac bnto t\)t maft of a (l;ip,3 no a fcllo to fiooD in tbeoooje of tbe boufe, 
 Upon tbe fojcftali of tbe carte Djiuingfojtb tbc oren, S59oiccucr,cbep make (crtaine fourefquare 
 bafkets of fmalfflenber buckets as big as great cbeffes : ano aftertoatD,frdrttonefioe to anotber, 
 tbep frame an bolloto liooe oj couer of fucblike toickc rs.anD make a ooo j e in tbe fo?e Ooe tbercof, 
 9no tben tbep rotter (be fapo cbctl oi little bottfe toitb black felt rubbed ouer toitb talloto o* ftjeeps 
 milkc tokeepct be rainefromfoakingtbjougb, tobicb tbep Dcckeltketotfc toitb painting oj toitb 
 fcatbers,9no in fuel) cbetls tbep put tbeir tobolc bouQiolD ftuffe $ t reafure.aifo tbc fame cbefte tbep 
 DOftroagipbtnBbponotbercarts,u)bicbarcD?aa]cntoitbcamel9,to^enDtbepmapu)aDctb20Ug[j 
 titters, j^citber do tbep at anp timetake ooton tbe fapo cbeHS fromoff tbeir carts,([2Jbcn tbep take 
 Doton tbeir Duelling boufes ,tbep turne tbc eoojes alttapcs to tbe g?out b : $ ncrt of all tbep place 
 tbe carts labcn mi t b tbeir cbefts,bere $ tbere,toitinn rjalf a Hones caft of p boufe s infotnucb ctjac tbe 
 boufe fflanDctbbctujcenttoo ranks of carts,as it tocrcbctttccntttotoals, Cbe matrons makefo? 
 tbcfclucs moll beautiful carts, tobtcb 31 am not able to Defcrtbe bnto pour matcftte but bp pictures •zbtbentntc of 
 onlie: fo? 31 tooulo rigbt totllinglp banc patntcD al tbings fo? pou,bao mp fkill bin ougbt in tljat art, nfmSewiw 
 ©tie rid; Moalojlaitarbatlj 2oo, ojioo.fucb cartes bottbebefls. DukeBaatubatbOrcecnc tc»e. 
 bJtitcB.cucrp one of tobtcb batb one great boufe,beGDes o t ber little boufes.tobicb tbep place bcljino 
 tbe great one, being as it toere cbambers fo j tbeir maioens to Dtoel in. 9no bnt o cuerp of tbe fata 
 boufes Do belong i o o.cart es, JBbcn t bep take tbeir boufes from off t be cartes, tbe principal toife 
 placetb bet court on tije (LBeQ frontier, ano To all tbe reft in tbeir order : fo t bat t be latt toife d tncl* 
 letbopon tbe (£att frontier: ano one of tbcfaio laoics courts is DiQant from anotber about a Honest 
 calf. SHijcrcupon tbe court of one rir b Moai o j 1 art ar toill appeare like bnto a great »t'llage,bcrp 
 fetomenabiDingintljefame. ©ne tooman toill ojuioc 20. 0? 30, cartes at once, fo;tbeircoun- 
 tries are berpplaincano tbep binbe tbc cartes toitb camels oj orcn,one bebino anotljer. 9nD tbere 
 fitt cs a toencb in tbe f jrtnoft carte 6 jilting tlje or cn,ano al tbe re&Due folloto on a like pace,2Bi)Ctt 
 tbep cbance to come at anp ban pa(fage,tbeplet tljtmloofe,anD guiDetbem ouer one op one; f j tbep 
 goc a flotoe pace, as fall as a lambe j an ore can toalkc. 
 
 Of their beds,anci of their drinking pots. Chap. j. 
 
 H9uing taken ootone tbeir boufes from off tbeir cartes, ano turm'ng tbe ooojes &outr> 
 toaro,tbcp place tbeueDoftbemafterof tbe boufe, attbe laojtbparttbcreof.'Stbctoomens 
 place is altoaieson tbe Call Ooe, namelp on tbe left banc of tbegooo man of tbc boufe fitringbp* 
 on bis ben toitb bis face §>outbtoarDs : but tbe mens place is boon f SHefl Boe,namelP at tbe rigbt 
 ijanoof tb^irmaaw.^ejitobcntbeptnwrmtotbeljoufe,toilnotmanpcafeban5tb«^ - * 
 
9 6 The Englifh Voy ages ? Nauigations, The Tartars* 
 
 tijemomensftof. ©ucc tljc matters beao there 12 almapes an image, tike a puppet, mats otfelte, 
 lBljielj tljcp call the mutters lijtotijer : ano another ouer tije beao of tlje gooo tuifc 0? mittrcu"c,ttibicb 
 tljep call Ijcc bjotber being fatteneo to the mall : ano abotte betbieene both of tbcm, there is a little 
 leaneone, roljicbis, asitmerecbekeep^rofcbebBboleljoule. 2L.bc gooDtoifeo; mittrelfeoftfje 
 boufe placet!) aloft at bee beos fcete,on the right bare, clje fkinne of a Kiooe fluffeo uritb toooll oj 
 fome other matter, ann nearebntotbatalitleimageojpuppet looking tobjaros tlje maiDens ano 
 Women, jftert onto the ooo?e alfo on the Womens fioe,tbere it another image Vmtlj a cotoes DD0er a 
 fojtbewomen that milke the kine. ^"oj it 19 tlje Duetp of trjeir tuomen to milkekine, £>n the 
 other Goe of the Dooje ncrt onto the men, there it another image with the Mocr of a mare, fo? tlje 
 men Which milke mares, anowbentbepcometogetljcrtoDjitikeanDmakemerie, tljcp fpjtiuc* 
 fele parte of their ojinkebpon the image Which it aboue tlje matters beao: afterwato bpon other 
 images in ojoer.- tbengoetljaferuant out oftbe boufe With acttppe full of n?infee fp^incMtng it 
 tlj j ! ft to Waros the i %>ou 1 1) , ano botoing hiss fence at cuerp time : ano this is bone fo? the honour of 
 tbefire, ChcnpcrfourmethhethcltkefuperttitiottsiDolatrictotoartig the €iitt,fD?tbehonoticof 
 the ap)e : ano then to the 8!5[left fo^ the honour of the lnater : ? lafllp to the .Oojth in the behalfe of 
 tljcoeao, (LClhsnthemaittcrholocthactippt mhishanoetoojinfee, bcfojcljc taftetb tljcrcof,ljce 
 powjetlj bis part upon the grouno. 3fbeD?inketbfittmgonbo?febacfee, bee poWjetb out part 
 thcreofbpon the ncckco?maine of his ho?fe before hechimfelfeDjiufeeth* after ci;c feruaunt a= 
 fojtefaioe IjatbfoDifcljargeo biscuppesto the fower quarters of the Wo?!o, beereturnetb into tlje 
 Ijoufc : ano tWootljec ftruants ttano reaop with two cuppes.ano t too batons, to carrieB?infecbn= 
 to their matter ano his wife, fittingtogctberbponabeD. SlnDifhe hath mojeWiues then one, flje 
 Suit h wljome Ijee tiept the night before , fttcet Ij bp his (toe the nape following : ana all his 0= 
 thctUJtues mufttljat nap rcfo?tcbnto tlje fame Ijotife to omikc- ano there is the court boloen fo? 
 that Dap : the gifces alfo Which are p?efenteo that nape arc lapo bp in tlje cbcfl s of tlje lapo to;fr> 
 SnDbponabencbflanBS abelTcllof milke o? of other Djinbc ano Djinfeing cuppes, 
 
 Of their drinkes, and how they prouoke one 
 another to drinking, ckap.4. 
 
 JJI5 Winter time tljep make erceUent o?inke ofEife, of Spill , ano of bonie , being well ano higft 
 colcurco like mine, aifo tljcp haue Wine bjougbt Onto them from iarre countries. 3nfimm-.ee 
 time thep care not fo? anp o?inke,but Cofmos. 9no it ttanoetb altoaics within tlje entrance of bis 
 Doo?e, ano nett onto it ttanos a minflrelt suit h bis fiole, 31 fame there no fucb ct'terns ano btals as 
 ours commonlp bc,but manpotljcrmuficall inttruments Which are net bfe o among bs«9no lbfjcn 
 the matter of the boufe begins to D?inke,one of his feruants crpc tlj out with a towoe boice H A,ana 
 encp uft tfie the minttrellplapcs oponbis fiole, 3no when tljcp make anp great folemne fcatt, tljcp all of tljctn 
 Si h FiwSr ne tIa P tIjeii: l J an0i! * 6aunce t0 tl J e wp& of mufique, tljc men before tljeir matter ano tlje menu ft be» 
 fojc their miflreffe. 3no mijen tlje matter ljatho?unke,thcn cries out his feruant a0 before, ano the 
 mitittrell ttapcth his mufique, ^benojinfee tbep all arouno both men ano boomen : ano fometimes 
 tljepcarottifefo?t[je bicto?pberpfilthilp ano omnkenlp. aifomhcnthepftiiU prouoke anp man, 
 tbcp pul him bp the eares to tlje o?infee,ano fo lug ano o?am him ttronglp to Cretclj out his tb?oate 
 clapping tljeir ijanoes ano Daunting before htm. S^o?couec iuljcn fome of them mill make great 
 featting ano reiopcing, one of tlje companp takes a full cuppe,ano tmo other ttano, oneon bis right 
 Ijano ano another on Ijis left , anD fo tljcp tb?ce come tinging to the man mljo it to haue tljc cuppe 
 teacljeo onto htm, flittfinging ano Daunting before him: anotoljenhettrctcljeth foojtljhtsljano 
 to receiue the cuppe, tljep leape fuooenlp batke, returning againe as tljep did bcfoje,anD fo bauinpj 
 ocluD eo him t h lice 0? fotoer times bp o jauiing bacfee the cuppe ont ill he be merte, ano ijath gotten 
 a gooo appe tit e.tljen thep gtue him tlje ctippe.finging ano Daunting ano flamping toitb tljeir feete, 
 DntiUbe hatljooneDjinking, 
 
 Of their foode and victuals. Qhdp.5. 
 
 C©ncerntng their foooc ano bictuals,be it knomen bnto pour ^t'gbncffe that tbcp oo, mithout 
 aloiffctence oj deception , eat all their oeao carrions. 9nD amongfl fo manp D?ou«STt cannot 
 be.but fome cattcllmuttneeoes Die. ifotoibeit in fummer,fo long as tljeir Cofmos, that is, their 
 marcs miikelatteth,tljepcarenotfo?anpfoooe. 3noif thep chance to haue an oreo?anbo?fcDpe, 
 SHJiiisofiuaj tljep ojie tlje flettj thereof: fo? cutting it into thin flices anD hanging it op againtt tlje ©unne 
 nuDonintf anotijemino, it is pjcfentiED?ico without fait, ano alfo toithoutttencfjeoj corruption, ©jcp 
 
 make 
 
TbeTartars. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 97 
 
 iiiaKcbrttci- puoDingsof cijeit lio^Us tijtnot tljuc t)on,9,toijic!) ctitp rate lieingncUJ tnaDe : tljercd 
 of tbe fleib tbep referuebntill winter. %bcy make ofctjetc ore fkins great blaDDers 0? bag;?, Wbicb 
 tbep doc woimcrfullp D?p in tbefmoake,©f tbe bitmcrpartof tbeir hoifebiocs tbcp make uerp fine 
 fanoals ft pantofles. £ljcp giue Unto 50, 0; an 1 oo.men tljc fleflj of one cam to eat. ffo) they mince 
 it in a boiulc toitb fait aim Water (other faucc tbep baue none) anb then toitb tlje point of a knife, 0; 
 a (it It fo?ke tobtclj tbep make f 0? t lit fame purpof e (fuel) as wee ufe to take codeo peaces 0? apples 
 out of tome Withal) tbep reach unto r ucrp one of the companp a mo?fc II 0; ttoaine.accoming to trje 
 multituoe of guedes. ^Ijc malice oftlje bottfe,befo?e tbe cams fleQj be DidributcD, firft of all bim= 
 felfe tahctb tbeceof, tobat be pic nfetlj. 9Ifo,if Ije gitictb Unto anp of tbe companp nfpeciall part.tbe 
 rcceiuec tljccof mud eat it alonr,anD mud not impact ougbt tljetof Unto anp other, ffiat being able 
 jo eate it Up all,lje caries it tottb hfmi 0? oeliuersit unto bis bap, if be be pjefent,to keepe it ; if not, 
 be puts it up into bis ^aptargat.tljat is to fap,bis foure fcjuare buget.Wbicb tljcp Ufe to carp about 
 With tbem fo? tfje fauing of all fucb p?ouifion,anD tobere in tbep lap Up tvjctr bones, When tbep baue 
 not time to gnaw tbem tb?ougbIp,tbat tbep map butniuj tbem aftertoaro, to the ent> tljat no toijit of 
 tljetc food m.-p come to nought. 
 
 How they make their drinke called (ofmos. Q?ap.6. 
 
 TH)cic o?inke calico Cofmos,tobicbiS maces milke, is p?epareoafter tbis maner. 'Sfjep faffcR 
 alongline unto 2.pofl@ daubing fltmelp intbe grouno, junto the fame line tbep tie tljepoung 
 foles of tbofc maccs,tobicb tbep mean to milke. 'Sljcn come tl;e Dams to dano bp tbeir foles gcntlp 
 fttffecing tbemfelues to be milkeo, 3nD if anp of tbem be too unrulp.t Ijcn one takes ber fole,? puts 
 it unoer ljer,letting it fuck a Wbile.anD pjtfentlp cacping it atoap againe, there comes another man 
 to nulkc t Ijc fain mare, aim batting gotten a gooo quantitp of tbis milke together (being as ftoeet 
 ascotoesmtlke) WbileittsneWetbeppoto7eitintoagrcatblaDOero?bag, anotbep beat trje faiD 
 bag toitb a piece of tooob mane fo ? the pucpofe , hauing a club at tljc lower cimc like a mans beau, 
 in' itch is hollo to toitbin : aim fo foone as tbep beat Upon it,it begins to boile like nctoe toinc,ij to be 
 fotoer anb (harp of tad e, ami tbep beate it in that maner till butter come thereof* 'Chen taCc tbep 
 tbercof,anu being inDifTercntlpujarpetbepD?inke it: fo? it bitetb a mans tongue like the Wine or 
 rai pes, when it is b?unk.after a man batb taken a Draught tberof,it leauetlj be hum it a tade like the 
 tade of almon milite , anb goertj oowne Uerp pleafantlp, intoncating Weake b?aines : alfo it can* 
 fetb U?ine to be auoioeD in gteat meafure. tiketoife Caracofmos,tbat is to fap black Cofmos.fo? 
 great Ioms to b)ink,tbcp make on tbis maner. f irfl tbep beat the faiD milke fo long till the thicket! 
 part thereof Dcfceno right ootone to cbcbottomclikctbeleesof tobite mine, anb tbac tsljtcb is tbttt 
 ano puce rename tb aboue.bcmg like Unto tobap 0? tobite mud. Z-hc faiD lees 0; o?egs being beep 
 tobite,are giuen to fecuants.aim toill caufc tbem to Rccpe ecceeoino;lp t €.ljat toljtcb is tbinne ano 
 clcare their madecs bjinke * ano in Uerp oeeo it is marueilous fwcece ano bolefome liquo?. Duke 
 Baam hath tbiup cottages 0? granges tuitbin a baies iournep of bis abioing place: euerponeof 
 tobiebfecuetb bmt oaplp With tbe Caracofraos of an buno?etb mares milk, ano fo allof tbem toge* 
 tbereucrp Daptuitb tbe milke of 3000. mares, befmes White milk&Wbicb other of bis fubiects 
 b?ing. jf 0? euen as tbe bufbanomen of Syria bedow the tbicb part of their fruicts ano carie it unto 
 the courts of tbeic Ioms, euen foboe tbep tbeir mares milke euecptljitb bap. ©ut of tbeir cowess 
 milke tbep 6rd cburne btttter.boplingtbe tobicfc butter Unto apetfect becoction , tbepput it into 
 rams f kinnes, toljicb tbep ceferue to) tl;e fame purpofe, 1Q either noe tbep falte tljeir butter : ano 
 pet bp reafon of tbe long fee tbing,it putrifietb not : ano tbep keepe it in ffoje fo? urinter.Cbe cburn* 
 milke toljtcb cemainetlj of tbe butter,tbep let alone till it be as foui je as podiblp it map be.then tbep 
 boile it anb in boiling, it is turneo all into cucoes, nibicb euros tbep brie in the fun, making tbem an 
 rjarb as tbe bmflfe of iron i ano this kino of fooo alfo tbep do?e Up in facbels agatnd lufnter. 3Jn tbe 
 winter feafonioben milke faileth tbem, tbep put tljefojefaio cucds (mbicbtbep calGry-vt)intoa 
 blabber, ano potojing bot Water tljereinto, tbep beat it ludtlp till tbep baue refolueo it into tbe faiD 
 Water, Which is thercbp maoe erceeoinglp foW?e,anb tbat tljep o?inke in deab of milke, '©hep ate 
 Derp fcrupulous.anb take Diligent Ijeeo that tbep Djinkc not f apje water bp it felfe. 
 
 Of the beaftes which they eat, of their garments,and 
 of their maner of hunting. chap,j. 
 
 G IReat loms baue cottages 0? granges towaros tbe Sioutb, from whence tbeic renancSfymr| 
 t f )em Millet anDmcale againd Winter. ^bcpoo?er fo?tpmuibetbcmfrlHesoffucbnecraa= 
 rics.fo^perchange of rams,? of other beads f kins. &be Tartars daucsfil tbeir bellies With thick 
 toatec,B3 are tljcrcWithall contenteD. Cbep mil ncitber eate mife With long tailes, no? anp ktnoe of 
 wife toitb ujo?c tatles, ^bep Ijauc alfo cc jcame litle beads calleo bp tlje Sogur, wbtdj lie in a caue 
 
 3 ito$nt£ 
 
9 8 TheEnglifhVoyageSjNauigations, T'beT'artars. 
 
 fujentp 0} tbirtp of them cogetljer^l the tuljok winter llccping there fojcbc fpaceof lite mo^ctbs; 
 ano t fafc tljep rake in great abunbance. Cfare are alfo a kino of conies failing Jong t aplc e line bn> 
 tocati? :? ontfaoutfioeof tfairtailesgrotoblackejtobite baires. Cbepbaue martp otljer fmall 
 bcafts goob to eat, tohicb tljep knoto ano bifecrne rigfa tucH. 3 fate no Deere there, fj bnc a fetoe 
 barcs.but a great nfiber of 1H ees,31 fain totlo afTes in great abunDance,tobich be like bnto Sptikg, 
 3lfo3I fato another kino of bcaQ calico Arrak.hauinginal refemblance tfa boopof aram , fcroo* 
 cut faicmif t a heo bo?nci3,tobtch are of fuel; bignes,tbat 31 coulo fcarce lift op a paire of them toitb one banb : 9 of 
 anotdw nrflSi! ^rffti^HW tUep make great bunking cups, Cbep fane JFalcons , © irfalrons, 9 other tjaukes in 
 tuttomt,\D\sic\) great plentp : all tobich tljcp carp upon their right bancs : ft ttjep put altoaies about their if Aeons 
 fiL'X b? fat* n£Cfc5 n flc ' n 5 of teat her,tobicb bangetb boton to £ mibC of tljeir gorges ,bp tfa tobich firing, tobe; 
 concts tuem- tfap catttfamofftfa fill at tfair game,toitb their left haiuufapboto botenc the beats frbjeattsoC 
 Uim> - the fapb baukes,lcafi tfap ffaulb be tolTeb bp 9 ootone,? beaten tout) the toinD, e* leatf tfap ffauUi 
 
 (bare too high. iKftherefoje tljep get a great part of t fair victuals, bp bunting 9 baukiug.Concer* 
 ntng tbeir garments ana attire be tt knotoen bnto pour Spaiettie , trjat out of Catay a 9 otljer regis 
 one of tfa Cad, out of Per (la alfo auo other countries of tlje <&outb,tbere are brought bnto them 
 flt!ffesof6lke,clothofgolD > $cottoncIotb J tol;icfafap.toeareuuimeoffuinmer,'ButeutofRuffia, 
 Moxel, Bulgaria tfa greater,? Pafcatir.tfat is Hungaria tfa grenter,anb otttof Kerfis (alltohiclj 
 are j"2ouberne regions 9 full of tooobs)? alfo out of manp otljer coumriesof tfa )3o?tb,tobicb arc 
 fubiect bnto tfam,the inhabitants bung tfam rich anb cofllpf kins of oiuers foues (tofacb 3! ncuec 
 fairi in our countrieB)tohcretotthal tljep are dab in tointer. <a nn aitoaies againft tointer tfap make 
 tljemfc lues ttoo gotones, one toitb the fur intoarb to tfair f kin, 9 anotfar toitb tfa furre outtoarb, 
 to befenb them from toinD 9 fnoto,tohicb fu? tfa mcfl part are maoe of toooluesf fcins,oji jr or fkins, 
 0; els of papions, &nb tolje tfapfit tout bin r be houfe, tfap banc a finer gotone to toearc. Che poo- 
 rer fou make the ir bpper gotone of bogs 0; of goats f kins.SHfan tfap goe to fant fo? to do beafig, 
 tfare meets a great companp of tfam t ogetfar, 9 inuironing tfa place rotmb About, tofare tfap are 
 f ure to fino fome game, bp litle brittle tfap app^otlj on al fiocs, til tfjep faue gotten tfa toilb brads 
 into tfa miott,as it tocre intoa circle,? then tbep bifefarge tfajr arrotoes at tfam.3lfo tfap make 
 tbefelues b jeecbes of fetus. Che rich Tartars fomtimes fur tfair gotons toitl) pellure 0? filke G;ag, 
 tobtcb is erceebing foft,ltgbt,?toarme,Cbe pooler fojt bo line tfair clotfas toitij cotto cloth tofjicb 
 is mabe of tfa fined toooll tfap can pick out,?of tfaicourfer part of tfa faio toool.tbep make felt to 
 couer tfair faufrs anb tfjeir chefls,anb foj tbeir bebbing alfo. Of tfa fame toool,beiugmireb toitij 
 ipxm ,-rptnfc erne ttjtro part of fajfe baire, trjep make all t fait cojoageXbcp make alfo of tfa faib felt couerings 
 ofioooH. ftu tfair fioolcs, ano caps tobefenoetrjeitfaabs from tfa toeatfar: foj all tofjicb purpotes tfjcp 
 fpenb a great quantitp of tfair toooil. 9no tljus much concerning tfa attp?e of tfa metu 
 
 Of the fafliion which the Tartars vfe in cutting their 
 hairejand of the attire of their women. Chap.%. 
 
 npUpe men fbaue a plot foure fquare bpon tfa crotones of tfair faabS, anb from tfa ttoo fo?mofi 
 X comrrs tfap ffaue.as it toece,ttoo feames ootone to tfair temples : tbep ifaue alfo tfair tern* 
 pies ano tbe fanoer part of tfair faab etten bnto tfa nape of tfa necke : liketoife tfap ifaue tfa fo?e» 
 part of tfair fcalp ootone to tfair fo;ebeaos, $ bpon tfair fojefaabs tfap leaue a locke of fapje rea< 
 cfangbotone bnto tfair epe b?otoes : bpon tfa ttoo btnoermofi comers of of tfair faabs, tfap faue 
 ttoo lockes alfo, tofjicb tfap ttoine anb bjaio into knots anb fo bino arm knit tfam bnoer e acb eare 
 one. SQojcouer tfair uiomens garments Differ not from tbeir mens, failing tfat tfap are fom tofa t 
 longer. T3ut on tfa mojtro toe after one of tfair toomen is maricb, ffae ujaues far fcalpe from tfa 
 mibbefi of far faab boton to bet fo?efaaD,$ toeares a toice garment like bnto tfa faob of a S&uxme, 
 pea larger anb longer in allpartscfana J5unsfaoo,being open before anb gtrtbuto tfa.ii bnocc 
 tfa rigfa Doe, ff oj herein boe the Tartars biffct from the Turkes : becaufe the Turkes fatten their 
 garments to tfair bobies on tfa left fioc: but tfa Tartars aitoaies on tbe right fide. Zhv faue 
 alfo an ornament fo; their faabs tobicb tfap call Botta,being mabe of the barke of a tree.o? of fome 
 fitch other lighter matter as tfap can finb,tobicb bp reafon of tfa thicknes 9 routmnes tbcrof cannot 
 be faloen but in both hanbs together : 9 it bath a fquare ffarp fpire riling fro the top tfarcf, being 
 mo?e then a cubit e in length,? fafijioneo like bnto apinacle. Che faio Bocta tbcv couer al cuer v. ■, 
 apieceof rich filke : 9 it is bolloto toitljin:? bpon the miott of the fapo fpire 0} fquare toppe, th 
 put abunch of quilso^offienDctcanesacubitc long ano moje:?thefapbbtmch,on tfa cop tbcrctii, 
 tfap beautifie toitb peacocks featfars, ground about afp length tfarof,toith tbefeatbers cfa ^a< 
 IarbS taile,? toitb pt ccious fiones alfo. (Sreat labies toeare this kino of ornament bpon their heaofi 
 biwtngufironglptoit&acewainbatojcopfejtobtcbfatfjanbotemtfacrotone, fit foj tfa fpire to 
 
 come 
 
TheTartars. Trafriques,andDifcoueries; 9p 
 
 come tljjongb it: $ anoer chc fj?cfam ojwament cijcp coucc tlje ijaircs of ttjeic Ijeaos.toyiclj tbep ga« 
 tberbp rottna togetljer fro tlje binuer part tijerofto tl;ecrotone,gt fo lap them ap in afeiiot m bttfflftl 
 toitbin tbe faio Botta.tohiclj aftertoarD tijtp bino fironglp anacr tljeir tlj?otcs. Spcrctipcti toljen a 
 great companp of fuclj gentletooincn rice together, ano are Ueljclo a far oft, tbep teem to be fouloi. 
 era toitb helmets on tljeir Ijeaos carrpingtljeir latwes bpiigbt : fo? tbe faio Botta appeared; like 
 anvjclmetiMitijaJatuiceottcrtt.SltljetriBomcnntonljo^ftbacfecbefirtoin^tljeJrljOifcsUheinen: 
 % tbej) bino tbeir boons o? gotoues about tbctr toattes toitb a f kie colourcc filke f karfe,$ toiclj ano= 
 tber fkarfe tbepgiroeit aboue tbeir b?eatts : $ tfjep binoalfo a piece of tohite filke like a milder o* 
 mafkeaitDer tbeir epcs,reacbing Doton unto tbeir b?eafi. 'Ebcfc gcntletoomen are crceccing fa:,* 
 trjclEffectljeic nofes be,t!jcfatcernretl)ep cftepmeu; tljep uaitbc ctiertrjeic fvueet fflces lutiljgccare 
 tooftjamefullp i anD tbep nener lie in beo fo? tljeir trauel of chilDbirtlj. 
 
 Of the dueties inioined vnto the Tartarian women, and of 
 their labourSjand alfb of their manages. Chap.?. 
 
 TI£)eDutiesof tooracu are.to D?iue carta s to lap tljeir Ijoufcs upon carts $ to take tfcew aotoni 
 again: to m:lke kine: to make but ter (jGry-vt : to D?rfli; f kins $ to foin tbcm,tol)iclj tbepbTits 
 aUpfou)Ctottbtb?eaomaceoffiueUies/ojtbepDiuiocniieb)esintovIenocrtIjjenDS J (jtijnui , i)inctije 
 into one long tbjeao^bep make fanDalsgtfocks^otbergatments.SioVBbcittbepnc^ertoatljanp 
 apparel : fo? tbep fap tbat (Sod is tljen angrp,? tbat D?caDful tljuuDer toil cnfitc.if tonibcD privets' 
 be bangeti fo?tlj to D?ic: pea,tbep beat fucb as toaflj,?- take tbeir garments fro them. "SDtjcv an? toon= 
 Derfullp afrato of tbtmoer t fo?in tbe time of tljunocr tbep tbmft all Grangers cut pf tljeir Ijotifes^ 
 tljcnto?appingtbeTeuics in black felt.tljep lie bioDcn tljcrcin,ttl tbe tbuneer be ouerpatt. t£!jepne» 
 tier toauj tbeir DifijeS o? botoles : pea, toljcn tbeir fleib is foDBcn, tbep toafij tbe platter tisercin it 
 mutt be put,toitb fcalDing bot b?otb out of tlje pot, $ tljen poto?e tbe faia bjotlj into tlje pot againe, 
 'S-bep make feltealfo.jcouer cljeirbotifes tbcrctoith.'&he Duties of tbe men areto make boiues $ 
 arrotoes,Sirrop0,b?iDles,anD faoalcs: to butlo boufes ? carts,to keepe ljo?fes: to milkc mares: to 
 cljume Cofmos ana mares milke,$ to make bags toljerein to put it : tbep keepe camels 0a $ lap 
 burthens apon tbem. 9s fo? Qjeepe $ goates tbep tena ano milkc tijem, aftoell tbe men as tbe 1130= 
 mcn.&Iiitb Cheeps milke tljickeo $ falteo tbep D?cu*c ano tan tljcir bioes MXi}cn tbep toil toafij tljeic 
 (janDs 0? tbeir bcaoSjtbep fil tbeir moutbes full of toater, ? fpouting it into tbeir banos bp little ana 
 Iittle,tljep fp?inckle tbeir Ijaire gt luailj tbeir IjeaDes tbertottb. Sstoucbing matiages, pour Sigh* 
 nes is to anoecttana, tbat no man can Jjaue a toife among tbem till be Ijatij bougbt rjcr : toljcrcuporc 
 fomttmes tbeir maias are berptfale befo?ctbcpbcmariea,fo? tbcirparcnts nltoaiec keepe t!j2 till 
 tbep can fel tljem. 1£b£P feepc tbefirSano fecona Degrees of confnngtiinitie inuiolable, as toe Do: 
 but tbep baue no regarD of tbeoegrecs of affinitp:fo? tljep toil martie togctljcr,o? bp fucccff:c« 3 ttoo 
 fillers. 3tbeir toiootoes marie not at al,fo? tbis reafon: becaufe tbep bcleeue,tbat al toljo batte Cer* 
 tieD tljem in tbis life.tball Do tljem fcruice in tbe life to come alfo. sdijereupon tbep are pcrftoaDeD^ 
 tbat euerp toiooto after Deatlj ujal retumc bnto btroton bttfbatiD. 9nD Ijcrebtnce arifetlj an abomi' 
 nable $ Bltbp cuftome among tljem, namelp tijat tbe fonnemartctb femtimes all bis fatljers toitits 
 ejecept ty$ oton motber: JFo? tlje court 0? boufe of tlje fatbtr 0? motber falletb bp iuljcntancc altoaics 
 to tbe ponger fon. aBberupon Ijc is to pjouioe fo? all bis fatljcrs toiues, becaufe tijep arc part of Ijts 
 tnberitance aftoel as bis fatljers poueffions.SnD tben if be toill be afetlj tbem fo? Ijis otone toiucs: 
 fo? be tljinksit no iniurie 0? Difparagement anto Ijimfelfe.altbougb tljep retttrne anto Ijis fatber # 
 ter Deatb. 'Cberfo?c tolje anp man ijatljbargainen toitb anotber fo? a maio,tlje fatljer of tlje faia aa» 
 mofel makes bim a feafl : in tlje meane toljileuje flecttj anto fome of Ijer kmffolks to IjiDc Ijcr felfe. 
 ■^benfaitbberfatbet anto tljeb?iDegromc:Loe,my daughter isyours,take her wherei'oeueryou 
 can find her.^ben be ana bis frienDs feek fo? Ijer till tljep can fino ber , ana bauing foima her Ijee 
 mutt take Ijer b^ fo?ce ana carp ljer,as it totre,aiolentlp anto Ijis otone Ijoufe. 
 
 Of their execution of iultice and iudgement : and of 
 their deaths and burials, chap.10. 
 
 CSDncerningtljcirlatoeso? tljeir ercctttionofiuttice, pourS^aiettpiStobcaDuertifeD, tljat 
 toben ttoo men figljt,no tljirD man Dare intruac bimfelf to part tljem. ^ea, tlje fatber aarc not 
 rjclpijis otone fonnc. 'But betljat goes bp tlje too?C mutt appeale irnto tbe court of bis lo?a. 9na 
 tobofoeuerels offerctbbimanpaiolenceafterapptalej isputtoDcatb. 35utljemufl gopjeftntlp 
 toitljoutallDelap.-anD be tbat batljfuffereD tlje iniurp, carietbljim.as ittocrecaptiue, 'Sbeppu 5 
 nittjnoman toitb fentence of Deatb, bnles bee bee taken in tbe aeeoe Doing, 0? confeffctij tbe fame, 
 33nt being accufeo b^ tl;e multituDe , tljep put Ijim anto cttreame to?ture to make bim 
 tonfette tbe truetlj, %i)tv ptmiib uwrt^ct; toitb Deatl;, anacarnall copulation alfo toitb anp 
 
 3I 2 otbee 
 
ioo TheEnglifh Voyages 3 Nauigations, The Tartars, 
 
 offjev befiocs bis omne . Kp bte omn,3 meane bis mife oj Ijts main ft ruant,fo? fjc map bfc bis flaue 
 aa be lifletlj bimfclf.ilpunous tbeft alfo o? felonp tljeppiimtlj mitb oeatb.ff o? alcgtjt ttjcft.as name* 
 Ip fo? Ocaling of a ram,tbe partp (not being appjebenoeo in tbeoeeo boing.but otbermife netectco) 
 is crudip beaten* 9nu if p trecutionerlaies on an ioo.(rrokes,bemuftbauean ioo,ftaues 3 name« 
 Jp f o? fucb as are beatenbpon fentece giuen in tbe court.aifo counterfeit nufli. tigers ,becaufe tljep 
 feme tljemfelues to be meui:ngers,mben ast moeeb tbep are none at all,tljep puntO) rnitb oeatb.&a* 
 crilegious petfons tbep bfe in like maner (of mbicb Kino of malefactors pour Spaiettp fballbnoer* 
 Cano mo2e f ullp bcrcafter) becaufc tbep edeeme fucb to be mucbes. S&tljen anp man oietb.tbep la* 
 ment $ bomle mott pttif ullp fo? fttm : $ tbe fart mourners are free from paping anp tribute fo? one 
 tebole peace after, &lfo mbofoeuer isp?efent attbe boufe mberc anp one gromen to mans eflate Ii« 
 etb Deao.be muS not enter into tbecourt of Mangu-Can til one mbolc pere be erptren.Jf it mere a 
 cbilD oeceafrD be mud not enter into tbe faio court til clje nert monetb after, |2eere onto tbe graue 
 of tbe partieoeccafeo tbep almaies leaue one cottage. 3lf anpof tbeir nobles(being of tbe floekat 
 Chingis,iubo Was tljeir firC Iojd $ fattjer) Deceafetb.bis fepulcber is bnknotucn, &no almapes a* 
 bout ttjofeplacesmbcre tbep interre tbeir nobles, tbere is one Ijoufe of mentokeeptbefepulcbers. 
 31 coulo not learn tbat tbep »fe to btoe treafures in tbe graues of tbeir oc ab. %\)t Comanias butto 
 a great toomb ouer tbetr Deao,? erect tbe image of tbe Deao parip tbereupon,mttb f>is face t omarbs 
 tbe k aft,i)olDing aojinking cup in bis banD,befo?e bis naucl, Cbep erect alfo bpon tbe monuments 
 of ricb mcn.Pyramides.tbat is to fap,Iitle Qjarpe bonfes 0? pinacles: j in feme places 3 fatt) mtgb* 
 tp tomers ituoe of b?ick,iu otber places Pyramides maoc of flones,albeit tbere are no fiones to be 
 founDtbereabout.31fatoonencu)lpburieo,tnmbofebebalfetbcpbangcDop 16, bo?febt'Des, unto 
 cacb quarter of tbe mojlo 4,betmeene certain bigb polls : $ tbep fet bettors bid graue Cofmos fo? 
 bim to ojinb.f fle lb to eat : ? pet tbep fapb tbat be mas bapti?co, 3i UebelD otber ftmos of fcpulcbers 
 alfo tomaros tbe ^afintamelp largeflomjes 0? paucmets mane of Qone, fome rotto $ fome fquare, 
 $ tben 4. long ftoucs pitcljeo bp?igbt,about tbe faio paucment totoaros tlje^regtons of tbe too?io. 
 JKBoen anp man is ficUe.be iietij in bisbeb,? caufetb a Cgne to be fct bpon bis boufe, to figmfie ttjat 
 tbere Itetb a ficke perfon tbere, to tbe eno tbat no man m p enter into tbe fapo boufe : tubereupon 
 none at all biuj anp Ocke partp but bis feruant onlp. S3o?coucr,mben anp one is ficfee in tbeir great 
 courts,tbep ?ppo jit m. tebmen to Cano rouna about tbe faiD coint,mbomil not fuffcranp perron to 
 tntcrtoitbin tbe p?ecincts tbcreof. fo} tbep fcare Icaft euillfpirits 0} toinos (bottlo come toget^et 
 mitljtljepartiestbat entertn. €-bepetteemeof footbfapers, asof tljcirpftefls* 
 
 Of our firft entrance among the Tartars, and of 
 thciringratitude. chaf.\i, 
 
 ApDbemgcomeamogtttbofebarbarouspeople,mecijoua;bt(as J faiBbefo?e;p 3! toasenttto 
 into aneto tiJo?lb:fo? tbep came flocfeing about bs on bo?fe back ; aftertbep ban maoc bs a lono; 
 time 1 aloaite fojt tljem Ctting in tbe IfcaDoUjjbn&er tbeir black carts^be firtt queftion toljicb tl^p 
 bemanoeamasmbetbermebaDeuerbmtoitbtbemberetofo?e,o?no':2nDgimngtbeiinfmeretbat 
 iue ban not,tbep began impuoentlp to beg our btctuals fro bs.3nD me gaue tbem fome of our bifket 
 9 mine.mbicb me bao bmugbt mitb bs from tbe tomne of Soldaia. 9no bauingb?unke off one fla= 
 gon of our mine tbep nemanDeb anotber,fapmg,tbat a man goetb not into tbe boufe mitb one foote, 
 ^)ombcitmegauetbemnomo?e,ercuSr.gourfelues tbatmebabbutalitle. ^-bentbep afkeobs, 
 mbence me came,$ mbitber me mere bouno*: 3 anfmereutbem toitlj tbe mows aboue mentioneb: 
 tbat me bab bearo concerning buke Sattach, tbat be mas become a £b?i8ian, 9 tljat buto bim our 
 Determination mas to trauel,bauing pour Spaiefties letters to Deliner bnto bim. Cbep mere berp 
 inquifttiuetoknom mbetberj cameof mineotonaccom^mbetbera merefenftj anfmcrebtljat 
 no man compelleb me to come,neitber bab 3 come,bnles 3 mp felfe bab bin milling : 9 tbat tbere» 
 foje 3 mas come accoming to mine omn mil,f to tbe mill of mp fuperiojt. 3 tooke Diligent beco ne» 
 uer to fap tljat 3 mas pour S^aietties nmbaffaoo?, 'Eben tbep afkeb mbat 3 bab in mp carts,- mbe s 
 tberttmeregolbojCluer,o?ncbgarmentstocariebntoSattach?3anfmercDtbatSartachtbouHi 
 fee mbat me ban bjougbt,m5enme mere once come bnto bim.et tljat tbep bab notbing to do to afke 
 fucb queCions,but ratber ougbt to conDuct me bnto tbeir captainc, ano tbat be, if be tljougbt good 
 fboulo caufe me to be Directed bnto Sartach : if not, tbat 3 moulo returne. ^0? tbere mas in tbe 
 fame p?ouince one of Baatu bis&infmen called Scatati.bnto mbom mp Iojd tbe ^mpero? of Con- 
 flantinoplebaom?ittenlettersofrcqueff,tofufferme to paffctb?ougbbisterrito?p. aHitbtbis 
 anfmere of ours tbep mere fatiffieo, giuing bs bo?fes 9 oren, 5 tmo men to conDuct bs. $)ombett 
 before tljep moulo allom bs tbe fo^efapo neceffaries fo? our iournep,tbep mabe bs tff atoapt a long 
 mlnle, begging our b?eao fo? tbeir pong b?ats,monoering at all tbings mbicb tbep fame about out 
 feruants,as tbeir kni«es,gwues ; purfes,?pomts,anD ocfiring to Ijaue tbem.3 ertufeo mp felf tbat 
 
 laic 
 
The Tartars, Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 101 
 
 lac Ijao a long toapo trauel, 9 that toe mufl in no totfe fo roon bepjiueour felues of things neceQa* 
 rp,to fintiT) fo long a iourncp, 'Cijcn tbep fafb tbat 3 toas a bcrp barlet, ^trtie it is , tbat tbe p tcoke 
 nothing bp fo?cc fro 111c: Ijotobcit tbep toil beg t!jat toljich tljep fee berp impojtunatlp 9- frjameleffp. 
 3no if a man beff to ctigljt bpon tije,it is but colt lofi,fo? tbep are tljanklcs tujetcfjcg.^fjc pette erne 
 tbefelues lops $ think p nothing fljoulo be Denies the bp anp man, 3lf a man gittcs tljem nought, $ 
 aftectoarDKanbsmtKeoeofthcirferuice.tbcptoill do rtgljt nought fojJjimXbcpgauebsoftbeir. 
 CQlucsmilhctoDjinhaftcEpbtitttrtopcbenuDoutofitjbeingUcrpfolBer.lBbicbtbcpcalApram. 
 ano fo toe ocpatteo frpinthe, 3no in bcrpbtCD ttfcemeb to me p toe toere efcapen out of tbe Ijanbs 
 of Diticlsi.S) n tbe mojroto toe toere come unto tlje captain. Jfrom tlje time tobcrin toe beparteo fro 
 Soldaia, till toe arriueb at tbe court of Sai cach,toljicij tons tlje fpacc of ttoo monetbs,toe ncticr lap 
 inboufe oj tent 3 buraItoRiesU;iDertbefiarrpcanopp,?intbe openairc,oj vrnoer our carts,J!2n'tbcr 
 pet fato toe anp billagcua? an? mention of builbing tobere a billage hab bin , but tbe grauos of tbe 
 Comanians in great abuubarico, Eljc Tame cuenlngour guise toljicb baa conBuctca bs , gaue bs 
 fome Cofmos, after 31 babcmnkctljereof SiftoeatmoaertrcamlpfojthcnoucItpanDarangc* 
 nesi.becaul'e 31 neucr bjanhc of it before. j3octoitljflaitoing me tbougbt it teas berp fauojp, as iu» 
 beta it toas. 
 
 Of the court of Scacatai: and how the Chrifti- 
 
 ans drinkc no Cofmos. Chap. 1 2. 
 
 Olft tbe mojrotoe aftertoe met toitb tbe cartes of Scacacai laocn toitbboufes.anb me tljougljt 
 tljat a migljtp titic came to meete mr, 31 toooereo alfo at tljegrcat multitube of ljuge ajoues 
 of oren,grbo?fes,ano>t tlje flockes of fijeepc. 31 cotilD fee but a fetoe men tljat guiDCD all chefe mat« 
 ters: toljerupon 31 inquirco fjoto manp men be bao bnber bim, gs tbcp tolo me tbat lje ljat> not aboue 
 5oo.in all,tbe one balfe of tebicb number toe toere come paif.as tljep lap in another Iobgmg,'£bcit 
 tbe feruant toljicb toast our guiBe tola mc,tljat 31 mufl pjefent fomtobat bnto Scacatay :$ fo be cau= 
 febbs to ttap, going Ijimfclfc befoje to giue notice of our comming, T^p this time it toaspaS tb?ce 
 of tlje clocfcc,ano tbcp bnlabea their Ijoufcs ncre bnto a certain toater:!3nD tbcre came bnto be ljis~ 
 interpreter, tobo being abuertifeabp 1 bs tbat tote toere ncucrtb£rebefo?e,DcmntiDeD fomr tf ouc 
 victuals,? toe pectocD bnto bis rcqucfl . 9lfo be reqtu'rea of bs fome garment fo? a retoarD.bccaufe 
 ije toas to uucrpjet our fapings bnto ljis matter, ipotobeit toeerenfeocur fcluesagtocllastoce 
 coulo. 'iSben be af hcD bs,tobat toe tooulo p j efent bnto bis lo jd 1 : 9 no toe toc^e a flagen of mi nc,ge 
 fllleb a mauno toitlj bifket,? a platter toitb apples ? other fruits, ^ut be mas not contenteo t !jcrc s 
 toub,bccaufe toe bjaugbt Ijtm not feme rich garment, j&otfimhftantitttg toe cntrco fo in to big p?e= 
 fencetoiJbfcareanbbaajfdncs!. Spefatebponbisbebbcloinga citron in bis banc , anobistoife 
 fate bp btm : toljo (as 31 bcrilp tljinhe)baD tut anc parea Ijer nofe bettoecne t\se cyt^thAi Qjc nu'gbc 
 lieeme to be mo;e flat ano facoie-nofeo: fo? ffjc Ijab left ber fclfc no nofe at ail in tbat place, bauing 
 annointeo tlje berp famcplace toitf; a blath otntment,ano ber epe b?otoes alfo: toljicb figbt feemea 
 moftbglpinour eics, €.!jen 31 rebearfebbnto Ijtm tbe fame toojoe?, toljicb 3 bao fpeken in otljec 
 placesbcfo?c. iFo?itItoobebs:uijau?£c bleoncatio tlje fame fpceclj in all places, jfo? toe toere 
 tocl fo^etoarneo oftbtscircumUauccbp fame toljicb bao been amongE tlje Tartars, tljnttoefljoulo MMneatrigjt 
 neuer baric in our tale. SWien 31 befougljt Ijim, tljat be tooulD boucljfafe toaccept tljat fmallgifte mmi *' 
 at our Ijarios, ercuBng mp fclfc t'nat 31 toas aSponhejatm tbat it mas againft our pjofeffion to po& 
 fcfle golo.oj Gluer, 0? pjeciott3 garments, anb therefore tbat 31 tjau not anp fucb tbing to giuebim, 
 botobcit Ije ftjoulb recetttefome part of our btctuals in CeaD of ableBing, ilpereupon be caufeb cur 
 pjefent to be recciucb, ano immcbiatelp oiBributet) tbe fanieamonghiis men, tobo toere mctteto* 
 getberfo? tlje famepurpofe ,tob?inl;e ano make merrte, 31 beliuereb alfo bntobim tlje Cmpero? 
 ofConftantinopJe bis letters (tijis toag eigbtbapesaftcrtbe feattof Afccnfion)tobo fenttljem 
 fojtljtoitlj to Soldaia to baue tbem interpjeteo there : fo? tljep toere tontten in (Sreeke, anc be ban 
 none about bim tljat toasfkilfull in tbe ©rcefce tongue. ^)e afkcb bs alfo tobetljcr tee tooulo D?mh 
 anp Cofmos.tbat is to fap mares milhc*: (JTo j tljofe tljat are Cb?tflians among tbem, as namelp 
 tlje Ruffians,Grccians,anaAlanians, tobo top tljeirotonlato berp flcirtlp.toil in no cafe bjinkc 
 tbereof,pea,tljcp accompttbcmfeluesnoCb?iatans after tljepbaue once bmnkeofit,atbeirp?tcflsi 
 reconcile tbem bnto the €ljurclj as if tbcp IjaD renounceb tbe Cbjiflian fattb.)3! gauc bim anftoere, 
 tljat toe Ijab ag pet fuffictent of our otonc to Djinke,ani) tljat toljen our bjtnke fatico bs, toe mufl be 
 tonflraineb to D?ink fuclj as ujoulo be giuen bnto bs. tyc enquirco alfo toljat toas containcb in ouc 
 letters, toljiclj pour Spaieflicfent bnto Sartach? 3| anftocreo: tljat tljep toere fealebbp,anbtljac 
 tljere toas nothing conteineD intbem, butgoob anb frienblp toojbes. anb be afkco toljat toojoes; 
 toee tooulo beliuer bnto Sanach?3l anftoereo : tlje too?os of C0?itltan FaitO. EpeafkeD again toljat ; 
 
 tjjefetoojbs toere 1 ; $ 0^ rje toas bcrp Denrous to Ijeare i\fi,%\it\\ 31 erpcubtobnto bim as toell as 31 
 
 31 3 MttlD 
 
102 The Englifri Voyages, Navigations, The Tartars 
 
 coulD,bpmiue interp]ictcc,(tBljoijao no tote no? anp btcerance or[peecb)tbe ^pottles creco.clBbicrj 
 afterbebabbcaro,boleingbispeace,befbookebisbeab, %\)m beeafltgneb bnto bsttoomen, 
 tobo u)ouIdc giuc attenoance bpon out feutes, bpon our bo?fes, anb bpon our 2Dren. Slno 
 ijee caufeDbS to ribe in hi? companie , till tlje meflenger toljome bee bab fent fa? tbe intcep?eta- 
 ttonof tbe <£mpcrours letters, toasreturneo.9nofotoeetraueileo inbis companie till tbe mo» 
 rotoe after Ipetuccofl, 
 
 Howe the Manians came vnto vs on Pentecoft or 
 
 Whitlbneuen. cbap.13. 
 
 Vpmtbe eucn of Pentecoft, there came bnto bs certaine Alanians, luijo are trjere calleo 
 * Acias.bcing Cb?iftians after the tnaner of tbe Grecians, tjfing greeae booaes ano ©recian 
 p?iefls : hotobeit tbep are not febifmatiaues as tlje Grecians are, but toitbotit atceptifi of perfons, 
 tbep honour al Cb?ivtias.9nD tbep b jougbt bnto bs fobben flefl),requetting bs to eat of their meat, 
 anDtop?apfo?oneoftbeircompanpbeingbeab.'2tben3l fapb,becaufe it toas the eucn of fo great 
 anbfo folemneafeaftbap, that toe tooulo not eate anp flcfi) fo? that time. 9nb3l erpounbebbnto 
 them the folemnitie of tbe fapo fcafl, torjetcat tbcp greatlp r etopceo : fo? tbep toere ignorant of all 
 things appertapning to£b?iflian religion,ercept onlp tbe name of Chrift. Che? anb manpotbec 
 £b?iflian0,botb Ruffians,anb Hungarians oemanoeo of bs,tohctbcr tbep might be faueb o?no,bc- 
 caufe tbep lucre conttraincb to bjinke Cofmos, 9 to eate tbe beab carfcafes offucb tbings, as toere 
 flatnebptlje Saracens, anb other infiDele*: 22Ujicb eucntbeGreekegt Ruffian p?ieu"stbemfelucs 
 alfo effecme as things flranglcb 0? offereb Dnto ioolcs : betaufe tbep tocre igno?ant of tbe times of 
 failing, neither coulb tbep baue obferuib them albeit tbep bab fenotoentbem. CbeninttructcbSl 
 tljem aftoell as 31 coulb ano firengtbentb tljern in tbe faitb. Ssfo?tbe flefi) tobicb tljep bab 
 b?ougbt toe referueo ittoitill tbe feafl oap. f 0? tljere toas nothing to be folb among tbe Tartars 
 fo'Sft marcftff. fo? golb $ Glucr,but onlp fo? cloth ano garments, of the tobicb kino of marthanbife toee bab none at 
 sirs in Taturie. aI j^ ^\ )m Dm feruants offereb them anp coine calico Yperpera,tbep rubbeb it toitb tljeir fingers, 
 anb put it bnto their nofes,to trp bp the fmell tobether it toere copper o?no, ^either tii> tbep alloto 
 bsanpfoobe butcotoesmilbe onelptoljicb toas berpfoto?e$filtbp. ^bere toas one thing moll 
 necctfarp greatlp toantingbntobs. Jfo? the toatcr toas fo fouleanb mubbp bp reafon of their bo?« 
 fes,tbat it toas not mccte to be b junk. 3nb but fo? certaine bifaet, toljiclj toas bp tbe goobnes of 
 <Sob remaimngvmtobs,toeljaobnocnbtcblpperifl;cb. 
 
 Of a Saracen which faid that he would be baptized: and of 
 certaine men which feemed to be lepers. Chaf.x^. 
 
 V^on the bap of Pentecoft there came bnto bs a certain Saracen, bnto tobome, asbeetalaeo 
 toitbbs,toe erpounbeb the CbjiBian faitb. 22*bo (beating of <Sebs benefits cjcljibitebbnto 
 mankino bptlje incarnation of our g>auiour Chrift,anDthc rcfurrectiou of the beab, 9 the itibge» 
 ment to come,? that in baptifmc toas a toafljing atoap of finnes) fapo, tbat bee tooulb bebapti?eo. 
 5J5ut toben toe p?eparcb our fclues to the baptising of bim,he fubbenlp mounteb on bo?febacae,fap« 
 tng tbae he tooulo goe home ano confult toith his toife toljac toere befl to bebene. 9no on the mo ?« 
 roto after be tolo bs.tbat he bttrfl in no cafe receiue baptil"me,becaufe then he ujoulo bjinae no mo?e 
 Cofmos, fo? the Cb?iflia«S of that place affirme that no true Cb?ifiians ought to bjinfee thereof: 
 anb that toitljout tbe faib lique? be coulb not liue fa that beferf, from tobicb opinion, 31 coulo not 
 fo? mp life rcmoue him. 3Bberefo?e be it isnotocn of a certaintpbuto pour bigtmes , that tbep are 
 much eCrangeb from the Cbjifltan faith bp reafon of that opinion tobicb &atb bin b?oacbebf con» 
 firmeo among them bp the Ruffians, of toijom there is a great multitude in that place, ffl&e fame 
 oapScacataytbecaptaineafo?cfapbgauebs oncmantoconbuctbsto Sartach, anb ttoo other to 
 gtunebs bnto the nertlooging, tobicb toas oiflant from that place fiue capes iourncpfo? oren to 
 traucll. tZLhep gaue bnto bs alfo a goate fo? vjictuals 3 anD a great manp blabbers of cotocs milfte, $ 
 but a little Cofmos.becaufe it isoffo great ellimation among tbcm, 9nofo taaingour iournep 
 birectlp totoatb the fi5o?tb, me thought that toee bafl paffebth?ougb one of bell gates. €hefet« 
 uants toljitb conbucteo bs begau to plap the bolb theeues toitb bs,fceing bs take fo little beeo bnto 
 our fclues. 3t length bauinglcfl muebbp their tbeeuerp,barme taughtbs toifoome. 3nb tbentoe 
 tame bnto the ertremitp of that p?ouince,tobicbis fojtifieb toitb a bitch from one fea bnto another: 
 toitljout the bounos toberof tbeir lobging toas u*cuate.3Into the tobicb,fo fooue as toe bab entreb ,al 
 feait jnt#. tbe inhabitants there feemeb bnto bs to be infecteb toitb lep?ofie : fo? certain bafe fellotoes toere 
 placeo there to receiue tribute of al fuel; as toofee fait out of ttje fait pits afojefaib.f torn that place 
 
 tbeg 
 
I II — 1 — ■ — — — ^ ■ m l t ..-..— -^ 
 
 TheTartars. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 103 
 
 tbep tolo bs tljat toe mufi trauel fifteen Dates iouriup,beio?e uie ujuId fino anp other pcoplc,<l<aitb €c " n<, p» 
 tbcmtoeebjankeCofirios, anDgauebntotljcmabafkctfullof fruitesanbof bifker, 9no tljcp ,0UtlWp • 
 gauebntobs eigl)toren ano one gaate, tofuttaineDs in fo great a iouruep , ana % knotocnot 
 ijobJ manp blabbers of milke. 3nb fo changing our oren , me tooke our ioutnep tohicb toe finiujeD 
 in tenne oapes, arrming at another longing : neither fount) toe anp toater all trjat toap, but onelp 
 in certaine Bitches mane in the balleps, erceut ttoo fmall rtucrs* Sno from the time toljerein toee 
 oeparteo out of tlje fojefaib pjouince of Gafaria, toe trauaileo btrcctlp Catitoarb, bauing a !§>ca 
 outlje g>autbfiDeofbs,annatoalleticfertontl)eji5oj!l) ) to!)ic!)Defert ) in fome places , reached) 
 ttoentp bapefl iourncp in ujeabtlj , anD there is neither tree,mouncaine,no;t done therein. &nb it is 
 mofferceUeutpaflute.^eretheComaniansjtoljichtoerccalleoCapthac, toere toont tofeeoe 
 tbeircattell. OotobcitbptbcDutchmen tbep are callcbValani, anbttje pjouince it felfe Vala- 
 nia. 15ut Ifidorc cailetb all tijat tract of latib ttretcbing from the riuer of Tanais to the lake of Ma- 
 oris, anD fo along as farre as Danubius , the coumrcp of Alania. 8nb thefame lano contintteth m ^fce i^stS of 
 IengthfromDanubiusbntoTanais('tohichbimDethAfiafrcmEurope)fo?thefpace of ttoomo= Comania - 
 netbsiournep, albeit a man ftjoulo rice polle as fall as the Tartars bfe to rice :anb it toas all otter Ruffi »- 
 inhabtteb bp the Comanians, calleb Capt hac : pea ano beponn Tanais,as farre as tlje riuer of Edil 
 0; Volga : tlje fpace bettoeenc the ttoo tohicb riuers it a great ano long iourncp to bee trauaileD in 
 ten napes. &o the JQojtlj of tlje fame pjotttnee lietlj Ruffia, tohictj is full of tooob in all places, ano 
 firetchetlj from Poionia ano Hungaria, eucn to the riuer of Tanais: ano it bath bene toafleb all 5 
 tier bp tlje Tartars, anb as pet is bailp toaOeo bp them* 
 
 Of our afflictions which we fuftained : and of the Co- 
 manians maner of buriall. Chap.ij. 
 
 TUpeppjeferretrje Saracens before the Ruffians, becaufc tljcparei£b?iilians, anb tohetttfjep ?«>&>■ 
 are able to giue tljem no mo?e goloe no? filuer, ttjep D?tuc them ano their chilojen like flockes 
 of Qjeepe into the uulDernes, constraining them to keepe their cattell there , 25eponb Ruffia lietb 
 tbecountrepof Pruffia,tobiclj tlje Dutch knights of tlje ojoer of Saint Maries bofpitall of Ieruia- 
 lem Ijaue of la t e tobollp conquereb ano fuboueb. Sine in bcrp beebe tljep might eaftlp toinne Ruf- 
 fia, if tljep tooulb put to tljeir helping Ijanb, jf o? if tlje Tartars ujoulb but once knoto,tbat the great 
 iPjteH, tljat is to fap, the Ipope m caufe the enCgne of the crofle to bee Difplaieb agatnR them,tbep; 
 tooulb flee all into tljeir befcrt anb folitarie places, Site therefore toent on totoaros tlje <£a(r, fee» 
 ing nothing but beauen ann earth , ano fometimes the fea an our right hano , calieD tlje <§>ea of 
 Tanais, ano the fepulcb?es of the Comanians ,tofjtcb appeareb bnto bs ttoo leagues off, in tohicb 
 places tbep toere toont to burie their kinrco altogether, <%o long as toe toere trauillmg though 
 ttje Defert , it toent reafonablp toell toitlj bs, Jf o? % cannot fufficientlp erpjefle in toojbs the irke* 
 fome anb tebtous troubles tohicb 31 fuUeineb , toljen 31 came at anp of their places of abooe. jFo? 
 our guibe tooulb bauebsgoe in bnto eucrp«Captainetoitb a pjefent, anb our erpenfes tooulb not 
 Wtenofo farre, ifojtoe toere euerp bap eight perfo:a of bs fpenbing our toaifarfogpjoutuon,fi>? m Snwrf ' 
 tbeTartarsferuantstootilballofthemcateof ourbictuals, <K3e our fclues toere Sue in number, 
 anb the fernantsourguioes toere tlj?ee, ttoo to ojtitie our carts, ano one to conbuct bs bnto Sar- 
 tach. %l)z flcfl) toljiclj tbcp gaue bs toas not fufficicnt fo? bs: neither coulo toe finbe anp tljmg to 
 bebougbt fo? ourmonep, anbastoefatebnberourcartsintbecooleibabotoe, bptcafonoftbe 
 ertreame anb behement fjeatc tobicb toas there at tljat time, tljep nin fo impojtunatelp ano ftjame* 
 leflp tntruoe tljemfelueg into our companie , that tbep tooulb mn treao bpon bs, to fee to!jatfoe« 
 uer things toe foab. JE)auing lili at anp time ta cafe themfelues, the filth? Io?ef s bao not the manens 
 to toitbnjatoe tljemfelues farther from bs, then a bcane can bee caB , JDea, like bile fiouens tljep 
 tooulb lap their tailcs tnourpjefencc, toljile tljep toere pet talking toitlj bs: manpower things 
 tljep committee, toljicb toew mofl tebtous ano loathfome bnto bs, TBut aboue all things it grie* 
 tieDmetotheberpheart,tbattoben3ItooulDbtterougljtbntotbem,tobichmigbt teno to their e» 
 bification , mp foolilb interp?eter tooulb fap : pou fijall not make mebecome a poacher noto : 31 
 teIlpou,3l cannotnoja toillnotreljearfe anp fucljtoojbes.anbtruc it toas tohicb he faibe,iTo? 31 
 perceiueo aftertoarb,toben 31 began to Ijaue a litle fmattermg in the language, that toljen 31 fpake 
 one tbing, he tooulb fap quite another, tobatfoeucr came nert bnto his tottlelTe tongues eno. ^Ijen 
 feeing tlje banger 3! might incttrre in fpeaktng bp fuclj an interpreter, 31 refoJueo much rather to 
 rjoloe mppeacc, anb tbusf toetraueilcb toitb great toile fromlooging to lobging, till at tlje length, 
 a fetoe bapes before tlje featt of Saint Marie Magdalene,toearriuco at the banke of tlje mightte ri« 
 tierTanaistohtcljbiuibetb AfiafromEuropa, eueu as the riuer NilusofiegyptoifiopnetljA- Tana». 
 fiaftomAfrica.3ttljefa!mplacetoberetoecamueb, BaatuanbSartach bio caufe a certaine cot* 
 
Of I'snais. 
 
 f$eismnt\) 
 
 CcccweS. 
 
 JCbomtSc 6c ! 
 Sinning of Jta 
 
 guf!,t(;e Tar- 
 tars rewrite 
 
 104. The Englifh Voyages, Nauigations, Tbe Tartars 
 
 tageco be built, upon tlje ^alteniebankeoftijeriucr, fo? acompanieof Ruffians toDtoellinf 
 to the ens? tbep migbc tranfpojt SmbelTaDours nnu mercljants in fcrrtc-boates otter tljat pert 00 
 tlje rater, 5rirff tijcp fcrrtco us outr^anti tbcn our cnrtEt.putimgonetorjeEletutoonelpttc, ana 
 tbe otljer toljeele into anotherlpter , Ijautng bounce botljtlje Ipters togctber, ano fotljcprotoe 
 tbem ouzr, 31n ttjisylacc our guiDe plapcn t be foole mofi crtrcamelp, jpo? bee imagining tljat tbe 
 CaiD Ruffians ,Dtoelltng in ctje cottage,fljoulD Ijaue p?ouiDtD Us i}0}te$ } lent Ijcme tljc beau's toljicb 
 toe b?ougl)t toitb us,in another carr, £ tfjcp migbt returne unto t Ijetr otonc matt er? ,3bd toljcn toe 
 BemanoeD to bane Come beads of tlje,tbep anfuacreD, tljat tljcj> baD a pjiuilecge frcm Baatu,tober» 
 bp cljcp toere bounD to none otljer feruicc.but onlp to ferrp oner goers j commers:anD tbat tbep re« 
 ceiueo great tribute of marcbants in regaro tljerof.aile ftatcD tberfo?c bp tbe faiD rttiere fioe tlj?«e 
 5aies.^b£ firB Dap tbep gaue bnto tiis a great freflj turbtit: tbefcconti Bap tbep bcOototl) tpe b?enB, 
 ano a litis flcuj upon us,toljiclj tbe puntcpcr of tbe tillage Ijan taken Dp at e ucrie boufe fo? tos : ana 
 tljc tljirD oap ojiea ttdjcsi. lubiclj ibepljauetljere in great abunoance, %,\t faioe ritiertoag cuen as 
 bjoao in tljat place, as tljc ritterof Sein is at Paris.9nD before toe ccme tbcrc.toe paffe$ ouermanp 
 gooolp tonters , ano fullof ml): botobeittlje barbarous anDntueTartarsknoto not bototo take 
 tljcm : neitber Do tbep make anp reckoning of anp fiffj, ercept it be fo great.tljat tbcp mapp?apDp* 
 or«beftefljtberof,asupontbefleftofaram.®b^^^^ 
 
 it fpjingetb out of tlje fennes of Mantis, toljtcb fennes ftretcb Unto tbe ifto?tlj 2Dcean.3nD it run* 
 netij ^outbtoare into a certain great fea 700. miles about, bcfo?e it falletlj into tljc fca calleD P6- 
 tusEuxinus, Slr.tialtberiuers 3 tobicb toe paffcDouer,rentoitbful Bream intotbofcquarters«€be 
 fo?efaiD met batlj great ftoje of toooD alfo grototng upon tljc £8M fice tljereof/HSepcnD tljie place 
 tbe Tartars afceim no f artljer Unto tljc 5i5ojtbi fo? at tbat feafon of tbe pcere, about tbe firfi of Au- 
 guft.trjep begin to returne backe unto tlje S>outb.9no tljetfo?c trjere is anotljcr cottage fomtobat 
 lotocr.toberc palfengcrs are f erricB ouer in Winter time, Sine in tbis place toce tocrc D?iuen to 
 great crercmitie,bp reafon tljac toe coulD get neitber bo?fes,no? orcn fo? anp moncp.a t lcngtlj,af= 
 tcr 31 bab Declares unto tbem,tbat wip comming toas to labour fo? tbe common gooc of all Cb?ifft' 
 ans.tljepfentus crcn (jtmen;botobeittoc our fellies tocrc fametotraurlonfootc.Slt tljiS time tbep 
 toere reaping tbeir rpe.SUbcat^ofperctb not toel in tbat foile. C$ep Ijaue tbe feeo of SpiUium in 
 great abttnDancc. l%e Ruffian toomen attire tljeir Ijeaos like bnto our toomen, %%i? imbjoBcr 
 tijeir fafegaros 0? gotons on tbe outCecfrom tbeir feet Unto tbeir knefs toitlj particolourcD 0? grcp 
 Cuffc, Cbe Ruffian mentoeare capslikeunto tlje Dutch men, aifc tijeptoeare DpontljcirbeaDg 
 certain frjarpe,? ijigb-crotoneo Ijats maocof felt,mucb like into a fugar Ioafe, ^bentwucileDtoe 
 5,oatcs togetber,not finoing anp peopIc^nD toljen our felueg ano our orcn toere crcceDingtoeatp 
 ano fainc,not knowing boto far off toe ujotilD finD anp Tamrs.on tlje ftiDDen,tbere came ttoo bo?fes 
 running totoarDsDs.iBbicljtoetooketoitbgrcstiop, anDourguioeanD interp?etcr mountcDDp» 
 en tbeir baches, to fee, boto far off tbep coulD Dtfcrp anp people, 3t lengtlj upon tlje fourtlj Dap of 
 our iournep,bauing founo fomc inljabitants, toe rciopceo like fea-faring men, tobiclj IjaD efcapeo 
 out of a Dangerous tcmpeif, ano IjaD netolp rccoucrco tbe bauen. ^Lbcnbauing taken frcftj bo?fesr, 
 anoorcn.tocpalTcBonfromloDgingtoloDging.tiHattbe lad, Upon tbe fecono of tlje Kalends of 
 augua,toe arnucD at tlje babitationof Duke Sarcach Ijimfclfe, 
 
 Of the dominion of Sartach,and of his Subieds. Qjap.\6, 
 
 T2peregionIpmgl)cponDTanais,isaUcrpgooDlp eountrep,b>,ningffo?eof riuersi ano toooW 
 totoaro tlje 3RG?rlj part tljereof.'SDbere be migbtp bugc tooooa tobtcb ttoo fo?ts of people do 
 inbabire, SDne of tljem is calleD Moxel.fceing meere lpagans,anD toitbout lato.'Stbepbaue nettbec 
 totimes no? cities, but onlp cottages in p tooocs.'Ebeit lo?D $ a great part of tljemfelucis toere put 
 totbeftoo?Din Ijigb Germanic, t23ljcrcupon tbep bigblpcommcnD tbe b?aue courage of tlje Al- 
 mans,ljoping as pet eo be DeliuereD out of tbe bonoage of tbe Tartars, bp tbeir meanes, Jf anp mct» 
 cbant come unto tbem,be muffp?ouiDc tljtngs ncceffarp fo? ljim,toitlj tobom be is firtt of all enter* 
 teineD,alI tbe time of bis abooe amongtljem.3if anp lietlj toitlj anotljcr mans toife,ljcrljufbattD,i3n* 
 Ics be be an cictoitnes tbcrof,regarDctb it not : fo? tljep are not iclous ouer tbeir toiuesi.^bepbanc 
 abunoance of bogs ,aiiD great fio?e of bonp $ toar e ; anD Dtucrs fo?ts of ricb 9 cotHp f kins, anD pltn* 
 tie of falcons. iBert Unto tljem are otljer people calleD Merclas,D3ljiclj tbe Latines cal Merdui, ana 
 tbcparcSaracens.15eponDtbemistberiuerofEtiliao?Volga,tobicbispmigljticOriuertbateuec 
 Slfato.anDititfuetb from tbe 3ao?tbpartofBulgariatbegreatcr^fotrcnDingalongfeoutbtoata, 
 Diftmboquetb intoacertainlakecotaining in circuit tbefpaceof4,monetbStraucl,tobereof 3 toill 
 fpeak btteaftec&be tto0 fo?efaio riuers,namclp Tanais $ Etilia,otljcrtoife calleD Volga,totoarDiS 
 tfje J12o?tb?en rcgionis ibJougb t|je tobicbtoe tratteilcD,are not Diftac aftuiDer abouc jc.5atep ioucaep, 
 
 but 
 
 ^fiepeoplpof 
 Moxeiare^iV 
 
 flTSie people 
 tallfD Merdui 
 
 l,Citlfl Saracens. 
 
 <Ctiecirctiiteof 
 
 the C^l'l'i.'.tt 
 (CA, 
 
TbeTartars. Trafriques ? and Difcouenes. 105 
 
 but &outijtoan> tljep ate biuiocD a great fpace one from anotbcr.jf o? Tanai* ocfceot tlj into tlje fca 
 
 of Pontus:Eciliamakctlj the ttycfaio fea o? lake,toitb the help of many other fitters tohtcb fat tber. 
 
 into out of Perfia,3m> rue Ijatj to the <§>otttlj oftja huge high mountams,bpon tlje fioes toIjetof,to= 
 
 toarostbefaiDDefert,ooe the people calleoCergis, ano tlje Alanio?Acas inhabit, tohoareaspct fargisojA«s. 
 
 ^Ij?ifltan0#\BagetoarreagaintttrjeTartars,T5eponotl)Cjneirti)ntotl)cfcao? lake of Etilia, there 
 
 are ccrtatneSaracenscaUeDLcsgi,torjoareinfnl)iecttoni)ntotf)eTartars.T5eponi)tt)efei? Porta ^ D s [ r c a s ce t nl 
 
 fcrrea,o?tbep?ongace,notoecallebDerbenc,toljich Alexander built to crcluDetbc barbarous na-- ca c " 8L 
 
 tiongoutofPerfia.Concerm'ngtljefitttationli)rjercof,pourmatelliefl)alli3noerfianD mo?c about 
 
 the eno of this ^treattfe : fo? 31 crauailcD in mp rettirne bp tlje berp fame place. TSettoecnc the ttuo ^ C D " b"", 1 ." 5 
 
 fo?efaibriuer0, in tlje regions tIj?ougbtijeVuljtc|j toe paffeDDtutrje ComaniansofolDetimeinha= 
 
 bite,befo?e the? tuere ouerrun bp tbe Tartars, 
 
 Of the Court of Sartach, and of the magnificence 
 thereof. Chap, 17. 
 
 A3ftotoefounb Sartach Iping toithin ttyee bates iournepof tljeriuerErilia : tobofe Court 
 feemeb bnte bs to be berp great* tfo? he htmfdfe rjao fire toiues,anb his eloett fomie alfo hao 
 thjee totues:euerp one of tohich toomen hatha great boufe,$ thep hatte cch one of them about 200, 
 carte*, ©urguiDetoentbnto a cercaiReNeftoriannameDCoiac,tohoisamanofgreat aucljo;t- „°j^ cR ** 
 tie in Sartachs Court, lj)c mane bs to goe berp farre bnto the Lo?bes gate, jTo? fo thep call him, 
 tobo batlj the office of entertetntng ambaffabours. 31n the euening Coiac commanoeD bs to come 
 Dntohim, k-ljzn our guioe began to enquire What toe tooulbp?efent him toitljal, 9 toas erceeDtng« 
 Ip offenoeb, tube" he fato that toe hao nothing reaiip to pjefent. &3e Uoooe befo?e him, ami he fate 
 maietncallp , Ijauing muficke ano Daunting in his pjefencc. 'Chen 31 fpake bnto bint in the toojocs 
 befo?ereciteo ) tclunghim,fo?toljatpurpofe3ltoascomebntohisio?oe, ano requeuing fomticlj 
 fauaur at bis bancs, as to tying out letters ttnto tljefigbtofhisIo?D. 31 crcufeo mpfclfe alfo, 
 that 31 toas a Sponkc, not hauing, no? receiufng, no? bfing anp goloc, 0? filuer, 0? anp otljcr p?ect= 
 cms thing, faue onelp our bookes, anb the bettiments tohercin toee fcrueb (Sob : ano that this toas 
 the caufe toljp 31 brought no p?efentbnto him , no? bnto his £ o>d. JF 0? 31 chat hao abanboneb mine 
 'otone goobs, coulb not be a tranfpo?ter of things fo? other inert, 'SDljen bee anftoereo berp courtc* 
 outlp, that being a Sponke,ano fo Doing, J bio toell : fo? fo 3! ujoulD obferue mpbotoe: neither did 
 Ijimfclf e ffanD in neebe of ought that toe hao, but rather toas teabie to b edoto bpon bS fuel) things 
 astoeeurfeluesftooDinneeoeof : anDljecaufcDbstofitbotonc.ano too?inkeof his milkc. 9no 
 p?efentlp after he requefteo bs to fap our beuotions fo? him: anb toe did fo. l&e enquireo alfo tobo 
 toas the greater p?ince among the Franckes *: 9no 3JfaiDe, tbeCmperour.ifhecoulDiniophis 
 otone Dominions in quiet, jj2o (quotb be) but the king of France, jfo? be Ijab hearo of pour Cpiglj» 
 nes bp Io?D Baldwinc of Henaulc. 31 founD there alfo one of the Enighes of the €empIe,toljo ban 
 bene in Cyprus ,ano hao mabe tepo?t of all things tohich he fatoe there. %\w returnco toee bnto 
 our looging, 9nD on the mo?oto toe fent htm a flagon of Sgtafcaoel toine (tobich hao Iaffeb berp tocl 
 in folong a iournep)anD a bote f till of bifket.tobicb toas mod acceptable bnto him,$nb he kept ouc 
 Teruants toitlj bim fo? that euemng. ©be nett morning be commanoeD me to come bnto the Court, 
 ano to tying the kings letters anD mpbettimentes, ano bookes toith me : becaufe bis Ho?De toas 
 DeGtous to fee them. Cdbtclj toe x>io acco?Dinglp, laDing one cart toithour bookes anD bemments, 
 ano another to! t b bif ket,toine,anb fruites ♦ Chen be caufeb all out bookes ano beQiments to bee 
 latoe fo?t b. 9LnD there floooe r ottno about bS manp Tartars .Chriftians anb Saracens on ho?feback. 
 9t the light tohcrcof ,hc bemanbeo tube t her 31 tooulo betloto all tljofe things bpon his lo?D 0? no': 
 JKHbicb raping maoe me to tremble,ano grieueD me full fo?e. lipntobeit, Dtltembling our gticfe as 
 toellastoecoulo, toe fijapeD bim this anftoerc: g>ir, our humble rtquetl is,tljatourLo?Depour; 
 maQer tooulo bouchfafe to accept our tyeab, toine, anb fruits, not as a p?efent , becaufe it is too 
 meane, but as a bencoict io n.lcafr toe fbculD came toith an emptte Ijano befo?e him, SnD he (hall fee 
 the letters of mpfoucreignc lo?D the king , ano bp tbemtje fball bnberflanb fo? tohat caufe toe are 
 come bnto him, anb then both our felucs, ano all that toe haucfljall fianbtobts curtcfte :fo? out 
 bemments be bolp, anb it is bnlatofull fo? anp but p?icffs to touch them, CIjck be commaunbeb 
 bs to inttefl our felues in tlje fatoe garments,tbat toe might goe befo?e his Ho?d : ano tote did fo, 
 'JE&en 3 mp felfe putting on our mod p?ecious o?naments, tooke in mine amies a berp fatrc rutin* 
 on, anb tlje ^ible tohich pour SQaiellp gaue me, ano a mod beautifull H3falter,tohicb tljeduecnes 
 ©race bettotoeb bpon me , inherent tijere toerc gooolp pictures. Spine atTortate tooke a mtfial auD 
 a ccolTe: ant the clearke hauing put on his furplefle, tooke a cenfer in bis IjanD . 3j:d fo toee came 
 bntothe pjefence of his JLojd : anot^ep lifteo bp tlje felt fjangingbefoje bisbooje, ttjat Ijeemight 
 
 beholss 
 
io6 TheEnglilri Voyages.,Nauigations, Tbe Tartars* 
 
 bcfjoltsb?. djen tljep caufeotljeclearke ano t'je interpreter tlmfe toboto tlje knee : butofDs tfcep 
 requires no fucbfubmifiion. &notbepailigcntIpaDmonifljeabs to take beca, tbat in going in,anB 
 tticomim'ng cut, toe toucljeonottlje tljjsfliolD of tlje ljaufe,ana requeftea bfi to flng a" benediction 
 fo? Ijim. ©ben toe entree in,finging Saluc Regina. 3no toitijin tlje entrance of the aoo?e , treca a 
 bench toitb cofmos, ana ajtnking cups thereupon. Sua all bis tomes toete there aflemblea. SUfo 
 tlje Moals o} ricb Tartars tbmltmg in toitlj bspjeffea 1)9 ibje, %\$x Coiat carue bnto btslojothe 
 cenfer toitlj tncenfe, tobtcb be brijciD bcrp etitgentip, Ijclaing u in bis Ijana.aftertoara bee cariea 
 tlje pfattet bnto bmt.toljiclj be Icokea carnettlp bpon,ana bis toife alfo tbat fate beGac him. Sftcr 
 tbat be can'co tlje "QMv, tljen Sartach af kco if t!jc<8ofpel toere containeo tbcrein *: J)ea (fata 31) 
 ana all tlje fjolp fcripturcs befioes, fpe tooke c Ije crofle alio in bis bana, ana aemanaea concerning 
 tljeimage.toEjctbcr it tocre tbe image of Chriit o? no': 31 fain it toas.&lje Neftorians $ tbe Arme- 
 ^ogoobcon. niaiisDc^ieuecmaketbefigureofChriitbpotben-croto.iKLtbcrfojeeitbertbepfcemnottotbtnk 
 ftij.uncc. toelofbisuaulon^elatbepareaajamcaofit.^benbecaufeDtbcmtbatflootiaboutbEijtoGnnaa' 
 foctljat be migbt mojefullp befjolo our ornaments. Sftertoara 31 Bcliuerea tirito bimpour Cpaic* 
 ftics letters,to!tbtbe tranilatton tbf rof into tbe Arabike^SyriakelnnguagcSijFo?3icaufcotbem 
 to be tranfiateD at Aeon into tbe cbacacter,? Dialect of botb tlje fame tongues, 9hd tbere toere cer« 
 tain Armenian pn'efts^bicbbaDfkil in tbe Turkifli? Arabian languages, ^beafojefaiDknigljt 
 alfo of tljeojaer of tlje temple baa knotolccge in tijc Syriake,Turkifh,f Arabiantongues.&bcn* 
 toeoepatteafajtbjanDputoffoutDeSimentSjano tberecamebnto bs certaine Scribes together 
 toitb tije fojefaw Coi3t, $ caufea out letters to be interpjetea. JUhtcbletters being [jcara,lje can* 
 fea our b?eao,toii:e ana fruits to be receiucb.^nti be petmittebbs alfo tocaricour bettimentsanii 
 bookcsbncooKOtoneloBging.^b'Stoasaonebpontbefeaiiof S. Peter ad vinculo* 
 
 How they were giuen in charge to goe vnto Baatu the 
 Father of Sartach. Chap.iS. 
 
 T2pe nertinoming betimes came bntobsacertfiinepiieff.tobotoas tyotber touo Coiat, re* 
 quclTitig to baue our bore of Clj?ifmc,becaufc Sartach (as. Ije faio) toas ceCrotts to fee it: ano 
 fo toe gauettljim.about cuentioeCoiat fent fo? bs,faping:Sj&plo?o pout kingto?otcgooa toojoss 
 bnto mp Io?a ano maflcr Sartach.i^otobeit tbere are certaine mattet s of Difficultp in them concer* 
 ning tobicb be bate not Determine ought,toithout tlje aoutfe ano counfcll of bis fatljcv.&na tberfojc 
 of neceffitiepou muff Depart bnto Ijis fatberjeauing bebtnapou tbe ttoo carts,tobtcbpoub?ougbt 
 Ijitber peiferoap toitlj betttments anb bookes, in mp ctutoaic : becaufe mp lojoe is aeftnms to take 
 mo?eotligent bieto tljereof.3 pjefentlp fufpccttng toljat mifcljicfe migbt enfue bp bis cotic toufnes, 
 fata bnto bint : §>ir,toe toill not onelp leattc tljofe toitlj pou.bcit tlje ttoo otber carts alfo, toljicb toe 
 baue in our poffelfionjtoili toe commit bnto pour cuGoate.lJou (ball not (quotb be) leaue tbofe b* a 
 binaepou, butfo?tljeotbetttoocartSfir(tnameD, toe toill fattffie pourrcqueff, 31 faioe t!;at trjxjs 
 eotila not conttenientlp be Done : but neeaes toe muu" leaue all toitlj Ijiin. ©Ijcn be af kea, tobtchec 
 toemcanttotarieintljclana^Slanftocrea : 3!fpoutb?ougblpbnaerliana t!jclettersofmplo?oe 
 tlje &ing,pou knoto tljat toe are tuen fo oeterminea. Clje n be replica, tljat toe ougljt to bee patient 
 ana lotolp : anafo toe aeparteafrombim tljat cuening. 2>n tljemojtotoc after be fent a Neitorian 
 ■pjt'eft fo? tlje carcs,ano toe caufea all tbe foure carts to be acliuerea. 'Cljen came tbe fo?efaia b?o* 
 tber of Coiat to meet bs, ano feparatea all tljofe tbiogs,toljicb toe Ijaa b?etigbt tbcaap befoje bnto 
 tbe <£ourt,from tlje rell,namelp,tbe bookes ana wfliments.ana tocke tbcm atoap toitlj Ijini.^ato* 
 beitCoiat [jaa commanaea, tljat toe fijonlo carte tbofe ueBiments toitbbs, toljicb toee toate in tbe 
 pjefence of Sartach, tbat toe migbt put tbemon before Baatu,if neeoe fljoula require : but tlje faia 
 Ipjiett tooke tljcm from bs bpbiolencc,faping: tljou ball bjougljt tljem bnto Sart aeb,ana tooulDca 
 tbou carte tljem bnto Baatu? 3natoben31tooulabauerenD?eaareafon,beanftoereo: benot toa 
 talkatitte, but goe pour toapes . I^ljen 31 fatoc tljat tljtre toas no remeeie but patience : fo? toee 
 coulo baue no accede bnto Sartach btmfelfe,nettber toas tljtre anp otijct.tljat tocnlo boe^s taflite,, 
 3! toas afraiae alfo in regaro of tlje interpreter, lead Ije baa fpoken otber tijings tljen 31 fat'ae bnto 
 ljim:fo? Ijis toill toas gooo tbat toe fbouloljaue giuen atoap all tljat toee Ijaa. Cljere toas pet one 
 comfojt remaining bnto me : fo j toljen 31 once percciueo tbeir couctous intent, a conuepeo from 
 among our bookes tbe liible,ana tbe fentences, ana certaine otljcr bookes toljicb 31 maoefpcctall 
 account of. Spotobeit 31 autC not take atoap tlje pfaltcr of mpfottcraigne Lacptbe SQueene, be* 
 caufe it toas too toel knoton.bp reafon of tlje golocn pictures tbercin.'anB fo toe returnea toitb'trje 
 ttocotljcr cartsinto our loaging.'Ebcn came Ije tbat toes appointee to be our guioc bnto tlje court 
 of Baatu,toilltng bs to take out tournep in all pottc-bafie : bnto toljom 31 faiD, tljat 31 tooula in no 
 cafe baue tbe carts to goe toitb me,<Klbicb tljing fjc aeclarea bnto Coiat, ^Ijcn Coiat commann= 
 
 aeo 
 
TheTartars. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 107 
 
 i>eD,tt)>ttU!C UjoutD Uane them ano our itruawuuthhim : 3iid toeDioasbccommanDeo.'anD fo 
 trauelingDirectlp CaGtoarD totoarDS Baatu,tbe tbirDDap toe camcto Etilia oj Volga:tbe flrcams <i»ep arctoms 
 tobereof toben 31 bebelo, 31 toonoercD from tobat tc gions of the 53o?tij fuel; Ijuge ann mightp toa= y*,£" e "* 
 tersfijoulo Defceno, 13efo?e toe toere Departeo from Sartach, the fo?efaiD Coiac,toitb manp otrjcr 
 Scribes of the court faio tinto Ds : Doe not make report that our lop is a Chrittian, but a Moal. ^ c b J^ B 
 ^etauretbenameofaChrinianfeemetbbntotbemtobetbenameofromenatton. So great is m<»i. 
 their pjioe, tljac albeit t l;cp belceue perhaps fome things concerting Chrirt, pec Hull thep not bee 
 calico Chriftians,beingDeGrous that their otone name.that is to fap.Moal ftjoulD be sralteD abouc 
 all other names. jQeitber toil thep be callen bp the name of Tartars.^ the Tartars toere another 
 nation, aiS 31 toas infomieDbp them. 
 
 Howe Sartach,and Mangu-Can, and Ken-Can doe reue- 
 rencevntb Chriftians, Ckap.19. 
 
 A% the fame time toljen the French-men tooke Amioch,a certaine man named Con Can Ijad «n IB mow of 
 Dominion ouer the jftojtbjcn regions, Iping thereabouts. ContsapjopcrnametCanis a jj&^iSj 
 nameofauthojitpo?Dign!tie,tohicljCgninethaBiuinerojfootbfapcr.ail»iuin£rs are calico Can , a rj,, 8 niiMtw 
 amongft them, thereupon their pjincesare calleo Can, becaufe that Unto them belongetb the gSS^nS 
 goucrnment of the people bp oiuination. iKRee doc rease alfo in the hiftojie of Antic*, hia, that the tor m me genu 
 Turkes Cent fo? atoe againtttbe French-men, Unto tbekingDome of Con Can. #0? out of tbofe ^^SSrSSam 
 parts the tohole nation of the Turkesfirtl came. Che fain Con toas oftbenationofKara-Catay, m ■tmm.fm 
 KarafigniBetbblacke, ano Catay is tljenameofa countrcp., <&othat Kara-CatayCpiuetbthe imm - 
 olacke Catay, tthisname toas giuen to make a Difference brttocen the fojefaio people,ano the pco= 
 pie of Catay .inhabiting ^atttoard ouec againll p ©cean fea:concerning tobom pour msirffp Irjall «n ©«*n tin. 
 toiderttand moje bereafter.'Cbefe Catayansdtoelt bpon ecrtnine 3lpes,bp the tobirb 31 trauailco, 
 ant) in a certain plainc countrep toitbin trjofe 2Upcs, there inljabitco a Neitorian(bepbcaro,being 
 a migfjtp goucmour ouer the people calleo Yay man, tobtcb toere Cb?ittians,follotoing tlje feet of Nay™* 
 Neftorius, after the Death of Con Can, the faiD Neftorian cralteo bimfelfe to the kingDcmr, atio 
 thep calleo him King 1 hn , reporting ten times mo je of him then toas t rue. jf oj fa the Neftorians ^ptefbiter ioi* 
 tobtcb come out of tbofe p<irts,uf c to ooe.JFoj thep bfcvj e nb joaoc great rumojs, ano repots tipou 
 iuft nothing, thereupon thep gaue out concerning Sac each, that he toas become a Chriftian,ano 
 the like alfo thep repojtcD concerning Mangu Can, anD Ken Can : namelp bctatife cljeft Tartars . 
 make moje account of Chriftians, then the? ooe of otherpeople,anD pet in berpoceoe, tbemfclues 
 are no Chriftians, s^olifcetoife there teentfoo?tb agrefltrepojtconceraingtbefaiDkuiglohn, 
 ^)otobeit,tohen 31 trauailco alongbp his tcrrtto?;es,ttjcrc toas no man that kneto anp thing of him, 
 Imtonelp a fetoe Neftorians, 3lnhispattureso? territories Dtoelleth Ken Can, at toljofe Court ©Ktfweor 
 jFner Andrew toas. and 31 mp felfe paired bp it at mp retttme. %$» Iohn hao a biotbcr,being a IZ0™ m *' 
 mightie man alfo, ano a fljephearo like himfelfe, calleo Vut, anDljeinhabitcD beponDtljeSipesof v U tCan,o!v<Ki 
 Cara Catay, being oiftant from bis brother Iohn.thc fpacc of tbjre toeekes iournep, i?c toa bIojd cb« mm of 
 oueracertsinbillage.calleDCaraCarum.hauingpeoplealfoforhisfnbiectSjnameDCriCjOjMer- cmcm.™. 
 kit, toho toere Chrirtians of the feet of Neftorius. 15ut their Lo?De abanooning the too^Ojip of m a " 
 Chrift, follotoeo after iDoies, reteining toithhim p«e(ls of the faioe iDolcs, toho all of them are 
 too?tyippersofDeuilsanDfo?cerers. I5e pono bis paSurcsfome tenneojrtfteeneoapes iournep, 
 toece the paftures of Moal, toho toere a pooje ano bcggerlp nation, toitbout gouernour,anD toitl)» MoJ i m one 
 out Latoc.crceptcheirfoothfaptngs.anD their Diumatiflns,\)ntotf;etohieh DcteKable ftuoics, all nim.u, rgg cra 
 in tbofe partes Doe applp theicminaes . Jfteere nnto Moal toere other poo )t people calico Tart ars, efface of 
 "Che fojefaiD kinglohn otco toithout ilfite male, ano thereupon his b?otIjer Vut toas grr atlp mri- w Taiuis ' 
 crjeD,anDcaufeDljimfelfe to be named Can: ano his Djouesanoflockes ramtgco cuenbnto the 
 LojDersof Moal. abaut the fame time there toasoneCyngis,ablackefmitbamongtbepcopIeof cyng* 
 Moal. ^thts CyngisaoieasmanpcatteIfromVutCan,ashecoulDpou1ijIpget:tnfomuchthac 
 the QjephearDSof Vut camplatneobnto their io?D.^hcnpjouiDeD he anarmie, ano marcbeo bp 
 into the countrcp of Moal tofeekefo^thefaioe Cyngis, 'ButCyngisrleDDeamongthe Tartars, 
 anobt'DDe himfclfe amongefl them, Siid Vut tjauing taken fome fpoiles both from Moal, ano al« 
 fo from the Tanars,returneD home, ^hen fpake Cyngis unto the Tartars, ano unto the people 
 of Moal, faping : Sirs, becaufe toeareoeflituteof a gouernouranD Captaine, pou fee hotoe 
 our neighbours do oppjcffeDs.anD the Tartars anDMoals appointeDbimtobethetc ULljieftaine, 
 'SEhenhauingfecretlp gathered together an armie.^ebjake in fuDDcnlp bpon Vut, anD oucrcame 
 bjittjaruj Vut fleDDe into Catay a. 9c tip fame cime toas t|>e Daughter of Vut taken, toljici) Cyngis 
 
 m 
 
Miachcculc. 
 
 £>!,Ecrc«. 
 
 108 The Englifti Voyages,N"auigations, TheTartars. 
 
 Mangu. can. jnatrico mco one of bis fonnes, bp tobom (be conceiueo,? bjoiigljt fojtb tbe great Can.unjiclj noto 
 reignetb,calleo Mangu-Can.'Cljcn Cyngis fent p Tartars before Ijtm in al places toljere be came: 
 anu cljcrciipon ijuas cljcic name yubltfljco ann fpjeab afa?on?c : fojin all places tlje people toouloe 
 Ctie out : Loe, the Tartars come,the Tartars come. Cpotobeit, tbjouglj cotuiuuall toarres, tljcj» 
 are notoe,allof tljemin a maner, confumeoano fa?ougIjc to noirgbt.ffiltbereupca tbe Moals inoe* 
 uouttoljat tljep can, to ertingutfb tlje name of tlje Tartars, tljat tbep map eralttbeirotone name* 
 ^Elje countrep toberein tbep firtt inljabiteo,ami tobere the Court of Cyngis Can as pet remained, 
 tscalleo Mancherule.TeutbecaufeTartaria is tlje region, about toljtclj tbepbaueobtaineo tbeit; 
 conquefis , tbep effecme that as tljeir ropalt ano cbtefe citic, atio tbere to j tbe moll part ooe tljep e« 
 lecttljeir great Can, 
 
 Of the Ruffian*, Hungarians, and Alanians : and of 
 the Cafpian Sea. cbap.20. 
 
 N2Dto,as concerning Sart3ch,tobctljer Ijebetcettcss tnChrift.ojno , 31 Imotoenot.Cbis 31 am 
 fure of, tljat be toill not be calleo a Chriftian, $ea ratljer be feemetb bnto mce to oerioe ano 
 ftoffc at Chriftians. Ipelietb in tlje toap of tbe Chriftians, agnamelp of tbe R.uflians,tlje Valachi- 
 ans.tlje Bulgarians ofBulgatiatbeltuer.tljeSoldaianes.tbeKerkis.anotlje Alanians .-toboall of 
 tljemyafTebu ^im, as tbep are going to tbe Court of bisfatbet Baatu, to tariegiftess toljereup* 
 onbeismoj/cinleaguetottbtbem. fi?otobeit,iftljcSaracensrome,anDbitinggrcacetgiftestben 
 tbep,tbep are rjifpatcbeofDoner.lpebatb about bimcertatneNeftorianl9?tcCcs(, tobo p?ap Upon 
 tljeir beaoes, nno fing tbeirocuotions. aifo, tljerc is anotber Oncer Baatu calico Berta, toljo fee* 
 
 DetbbiSCatteHtOtoarDPortaferrea,0?Derbent, tobere lietlj trjepaflage Of all tljofe Saracens, 
 
 tobtcb come out of IperGa, ano out of Turkic to goe Onto Baatu, ano paffmgbp, tljrp giue rctoarosi 
 bn to Ijim. 3no Ije p?ofeffetb btmfelfc to be a Saracene, ano toill not permit ttoines fie uj to be eaten 
 in bis Dominions. I£)8tobeit,at tbe time ofourreturne,Baatu eoinmanocD bim to remoue Ijimfclfe 
 from tljat place, ami to inbabitebpontbeCatt fine of Volga : foj Ijee toa* bntouTing tbat tlje Sara- 
 cens meflcngers GjoulD patfe bp tlje faioe Berta, becaufe Ijefatoe it toaa not fo? ljis p?ofite. jf o? tbe 
 fpaceof foure capes tobile toeremaineoin tlje court ofSartach, toe Ijaonotanpbictuals at allal* 
 totoeobs , but once onelp a litle Cofmos . ano in our iournep bettoeene bim ano bis fatljer, toee 
 traueiled in great feare,ifo?certaineRuiTians,Hungarians,ano Alanians being feruants unto tlje 
 Tartars (of toljom tbep bauegreat multituces among tbem) aflemble tljcmfelurs ttoentie 0? tljir* 
 tie in a companie, ano fo fecrctlp in tbe nigljt conueptng tbcmfelues from borne, tbep uto botoes 
 ano arrotoes toitb tbem, ano toljomefoeuer tljep finoe in tlje nigbtfeafon, rtjepput bim to oeatr/, 
 bioing tbcmfelues in tbe oap time.ano baiting tireo tljeir bo?fes,tljep goe in tlje nigbt unto a com* 
 panpofotljer bojfesfeeoiriginfomepaGure.ano rijangetbemfojnetoe, tailing toitb tljem alfo 
 one 0? ttoo Ijojfes beGoes, to eate tbem toben tljep ffano in neeoe. 2Dur guioe tbcrefcje toas foje a* 
 fraice, Icafl toe fljoulo baue met toitb fuclj companions. 31tt tbis iournep toee bao oieo fo; famine, 
 ijaotoenotcarieofomeofoutbifkettoittjbs.atlengtljtoecamet)ntotrjemigl)tp riuer of Etilia, 
 o? Volga, jfo} it is foure times greater , tfeen t|je riuer of Sein, ano of a toonoerfull oeptlj ; ano if* 
 filing fo?tlj of Bulgaria tbe greater, it runnetlj into a ccrtaine la&e 0? fea, tofciclj of late tljep cal t(je 
 Hire an fea, accoping to tbe name of a certain citie in Perfia,Hanoing bpon tfie fijoje t^ereof.^oto* 
 beit Ifidorecallettj it tbe Cafpian fea, # o? it Ijatlj t^e Cafpian mountaines ano tlje iano of Perfii 
 fituate on tlje <§>outljfioet&ereof : ano tlje mountaines of Mufihet , tljat is to fap , of tbe people cat 
 Jeo Affaffini totoarostlje Catt, tofjicfo mountaines are coniopneobnto tbe Cafpian mountaines: 
 but on tbe 33o?tb Goe tbtreof lietljtbe fame oefert, toljerein tbe Tartars Doc noto tnljabite.^otobe* 
 it beretofo?e tbere otoelt certaine peoplecalleo Changlse. Sno on tba*t Goe it reccnietlj tbe Qreams 
 ofEtiliajtobiclj riuer increafetlj in gjommer time, uftebnto tbe riuer Nilusinifcgypt; ftpontbe 
 gllefl part tbereof, it batb tlje mountaines Of Alani, ano Lesgi.anD Porta fcrrea,o? Derben t,ano 
 tbe mountaines of Georgia, ^bts&ea tberefo?eiscompatTcoinontbj:eefioestoitbtbemoun* 
 jFrt« Andrew. taines,but on tlje 5I5o?tlj fioe toitb plains grounoe. jTrier Andrew, in bis iournep traueilco rounn 
 about ttoo (toes tljerof,name!p tlje Sioutlj ano tfjeCaft Goes: ano 31 mp felfe about otber ttoo,tljac 
 is to fap.tlje J!5o?tb Goe in going from Baatu to Mangu-Can, ano in returning lifeetoife : ano tbe 
 ft3efl Goe in comming borne from Baatu into Syna.3 man map trauel rouno about it in foure mo« 
 netbs. 3w> it is not true tobtcb Ifidore repo?t«b,namelp tljat tbis S>ea is a bap 0? gulfc comming 
 fo?tboftlje Ocean : fo|tc coctfe, inno paw t6ercof,iogne i»itt» t&e Ocean, butts imu'roneo on all 
 Goes toitb lance. 
 
 Of 
 
 Cbjngli. 
 
c Tbe < Tartars. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 10? 
 
 ^ 
 
 ii 11 
 
 Of the court of Baatu : and howe we were interteined 
 by him. Cbap,2i. 
 
 AL the region ertendingfrom tbeJKKefl fijo?e of the fo?cfaio fca,Wbere Alexandcrsjron gatr> 
 otljcrluilc calico tljc ricie of Derbent.is fltuatcand from tlje mountnincS of Alania.all along 
 ftp the fennes of Meotis, tu^eceinto tlje riuer of Tanak falle tlj, ano fo fojtb, to the jftojtlj ©tcan, <sbe .jvoitjj 
 teas wont co be called Albania, 2Df wijicbcountrtp Ifidore rrpcitetb,tbat there be oog3 offuclj an ffl '" an ' 
 huge ffature,anb fo 6erce tijat tbep are able in fight to match bulles,ano to matter lions, ailbtcb is 
 true, as 3! bndcrftandbp diners, tobotoloc me, that there towardestbe jl2o?tb©ccan tbepmahe ^rtie j^ojtij 
 tbeir ooggcs to ojaw in tarts like oren, bp reafon of tljcir bignefle ano flrengtb. 2po jcoucr, rjpon **""• 
 that part of Etilia where we arriueo, there is a new ccctagebtiilt, Wherein tljcp baueplacco Tar- 
 tars ant> Ruffians both together, to ferrie otter, ano traiifpo^t meflengers going ano comming to 
 anD fro the court ofBaa:u,fo?Baaturemainctbbpontbe farther fiDetotoarDstbeȣalr,j|5eitber 
 afcenoecbbee in S>ommer time moje fi2o?tbWaro then the fojefaioeplace Where toe arriueo, but 
 Was euen then oefcenoing to the <3>outb, JFrom Jauuatte tmtill SlupS both he and all other Tar- 
 tars nfccno bp the banks of nuers towards colo ano jfto?tberlp regions,ano in 9uguft tbep begin to 
 returns backe againe. IIU paffeo oowne the ttreame therefore in a barke.from the fojefaio cottage « c Bcfrcnufttj 
 8nto bis court.f rom the fame place tinto the tillages of Bulgaria the greater, Canning towaro tlje net v<5*m a 
 jQo^tb.itismtcDapesioucnep.jwonDeriMhatDeutUcarieDtbereligionofMahometthitber.iro?, batbt - 
 from Dsrbent, wbitb is Spoil the ertreame borers of Perfia.it is abouc 3 o, Dales iourncp to palfe 
 mtertbwart tbeoefert, anb fo to afceno bp the banke of Etilia, into the fo?efaiocouutrep of Bulga- 
 ria, 911 which Wap there is no citie, but otulp certaine cottagesneere Wuo that place Where Etilia *""«»• 
 falleth into the fea. ^bofc Bulgarians are mott wicked Saracens.moje earneMp pjof effing tlje 0.1= 
 nable religion ofMahomet,tbenanp^tbcrnationrobatfoeuer.fpo?couer,tohen 31 ctrttbeljelBtbe Q&Mcttmu 
 courtofBaatu,3jWasau\>meoartbetfSbttbereof :fojljisboufcsoj tents fecmeo as though thep »wt. '* 
 ban bene fome huge ano might? a tic Jim cljing out a great toap in length , the people ranging up 
 ano oowne about it fojtbefpace of fbmetbjeeojfoure leagues. Sno euen as tljepeopie oflfrael 
 JweW euepp man.on wbicb Cue of the tabernacle to pitch bis tent:euen fo euerp one of them know* 
 e c b right, well, totoaros what fine off lie court he ought to place his hcufe Wbeu be tabes it from off 
 the cai-t.Cfthcrtipon the court is calico in tbeir language Horda.wbtcb fignifict h,the midfltbecaufe Hwdi iigmfi- 
 the gouernour 0? cbieftmne among theft wcls alwaieg in the miooett of bis people : creep: onelp •* t£|t nut " 1, 
 that birectlp towards the South no fu'uiect 0? inferiour perfon placeth Ijimfelfc , becaufe towards 
 that region the court gates are fet open : but onto the right bano,and the left bano thep crteno the* 
 felues asfarre asc'jep luilUccojbing to the conuentcncicof places.fo that tbcpplace not their Ijcu- 
 Tes birectlp oppofite agatntt the court. 9t our arriual toe were conducted unto a Sar a ce»,who p?o« 
 uioeb not fo; os anp victuals at all.^be bap folloWing.We Were bjougbt bnto the ccurt:ano Baa- 
 tu bao caufeo a large tent to be erectcb } becaufe his boufe 0; o;binarie tent couio not containe fo ma< 
 tip men anb women as Were aflembleb. © ttr gttibe abmoniujeb bs not to fpealte,tillBaatu has gi< 
 uen bs commanbement fo to boe,anb that then we (boulo fpealte our minbes b jieflp, ^tcn Baatu 
 bemanbeo Whether pour ^aieHie bab fent Smbaffabours unto him j no '1 3! anfwereb, tbat pouc 
 spaieftie bab fent meffengers to Ken-Ca n: anb tbat pou WoulD not baue fent meflengers bnto him, 
 0} letters bnto Sartach,bat> not pouc ![)tghnes b:ne perfwaoeb tbat tbep Were become Cb?ittians: 
 ftccaufe pou fent not Unto tbcm fo j anp f eare, but onelp f j congratulation , ano curttlies fake, in 
 regarb tbat pou hearo tbep were conuercen to £bn'ilianitie, ^benlebbe bs bnto his pauilisn : ano 
 Wee Were charged not to touch the cojdes of the tent, Which the? account in llcab of the tbjeujoln 
 oftbefjciufe. 'Chere We ffoodc in our babite bare-footed, anb bare-beabeo, anowerragreat and 
 Orange fpectacle in their epes, f oj indeed jf rier Iohn dc Piano Carpini had bpn there before mp iohn dt piano 
 coming : Ijowbeit, becanfe be was the ipopes mtnenger.be cbangeb his habit that be might not be c " 1 ^ 
 contemned.'S.hen we Were bjongbt into the berp miott of the tent,neither required thep of bs to 00 
 anp rcuerence bp bowing ourknees, as tljepbfe to uoeof other mclTcngers. ffillee Cooo therefore 
 ftefoje himfoj the fpace Wherein a man might baue rebearfeb the ^falme.Mifererc mei Deusrano 
 there Was great filence kept of all men, Baatu bimfclfe fate bpon a feate long and bjoad like bnto a 
 fteo,guilt all ouer.With tbjee flaires to aftenb thercunto,and one of his lanies fate bcCoe him. %l)t 
 men there aflembled.fate ooWne fcattering.fomc on the tight hand of the faide iadp, ano fome on 
 the !eft.Chofe places on the one Cue winch the Women fillco not bp(foj there Were onlp the Wiues 
 of Baatu)were fupplfeo bp the men,9lfo,at the berp entrance of tlje tent, 2oooe a bench furmfljeo 
 With cofmos, and With QatelpgrcaccuppesofGluer.and goloe, beeingricblp fet With p?ecious 
 fioncs.Baatu beljelo us earnefiip,ano we bim:ano be fcemed to meto refemble in perfonage,Mon- 
 
 ^ ficur 
 
no The Englifli Voy ages ? Naui gations, The Tartars. 
 
 ficur lohn dc beau mont, tobefe foule reftetb inpeace, ano bee tjaD n frcft) numic colour m his 
 
 countenancc.at length be commanoeb bs tofpeake, ©hen curguioegauc bsbirection,tbattoce 
 
 fboulo boto our knees jfpeak.ilftberHpon 31 botocb one knee apbnto a man: tljen Ije OgniRcD tfeat 
 
 31 (houlokneelebponbothkneestan&S! Bib fo,beinp; loath to content) about fuclj circumfiaunces. 
 
 aim again be commanoeb me to fpeak.©ben 31 thinking of p?aier unto ©oo,bccaufe 31 knceleDon 
 
 both nip knees,bcgan to prap on this toife : @>ir,toe befeecb tljc Loro,frcm tohom all gooo thing* 
 
 boe p?oceeo,anB tobo bath giucn pou tljcfc eartblp benefited , tbat it tooulo plcafc him hereafter to 
 
 makepou partaker of his beauelp bleffings: bccaufe t!;e former ttn'tbottc rhcfe are but bain anfi itii« 
 
 profitable.ano 31 aooeb furtber.TSe itknotoen Unto pouof a ccrtaintp,tbat pou Ojalnot obtain the 
 
 topes of Ijeauen,vsnles pou become aCbjtfhamfo? (ftoo faith, EHbofocuer belceueth $ is baptt?eo, 
 
 fljalbe fauco:bttt be that belecuethnot,fl)albe conocmncD.at this tooro he mooefilp fmileD: buttle 
 
 other Moab began to clap their hano&anD. to oerioe bs.anb mp Clip interpreter, of mhom efpecial* 
 
 Ip 31 Qjoulo batte receiueo comfort in time ofneeD,toas himfelf abatbeo jbtterlpoalht outof cotm» 
 
 tenance. 'Cben.aftcr (Hence maoe.31 faio bnto bim,31 came unto pour fotme,becaufe tee bearo that 
 
 he toas become a Cb?illiam ano 31 brought bnto him letters on tbe behalfe of mp. fouercignelojo 
 
 tSdpcMcS ° f tljc king of JFrancetano pour Tonne fent me hither bnto pou. ©he caufe of mp comming therefore 
 
 ""•a. is bell knoton bnto pourfelfe, ©hen be caufeo me to rife bp.8m> fee t nquireo pour maiefties name, 
 
 aim mp name, ana tljc name of mine aflbciate aim interpreter, anb caufeb them all to be put boton 
 
 intojiting, i)z Bcin<iuuDeDliketoife(becaufehehao bene informeo.tbatpoutoereoeparteoout of 
 
 pourotone couturepstoitbanarmie) againfttobompoutoageotoarre':3!anftocreB: againfl the 
 
 Saracens,\j)l)o baooettleb the (;otife of (Sob at Ierufalem.Cpe afkeo alfo.tobccberpour Eighties ban 
 
 euerbefojethat timefentanpmeirengcrsbntobim,ornci': ^epoufiC: (fato 31) ncucr.^ljcn can* 
 
 feo be bs to ftc ootone,auo gaue bs of bismilke to &?tahe,to(n'ch thep account to be a great fattomr, 
 
 efpcciallp tohen anp man it aomitteo to bnnkc Cofmos toitb him in IjiS oton boufe. 9no as 3| fate 
 
 looking ootonebpon the grouno,he commanoeb me to lift bpmp countenance, being oefirous as 
 
 pet to take moje Diligent bieto of bs, or els perhaps foj,a kinpe of fuperttitious obferuation, jr o? 
 
 thep elleeme it a ftgnc of ill lucke,oj a pjognofticatiou of eujllbnto them,tohm anp man Bt s in their 
 
 pjefenee, boloingootonc Ijis beao,as if be toere fab : c-fpcqiaUp toben be leanes bis cbeeke ojxhimte. 
 
 bpon bis hano.©bcn toe beparteb fojtb.anb immcbiatlp after came our guioe bnto bs.ano conpuc 
 
 ting bs bnta our lobging,faiDt bnto me : Wour matter the IRing requcfteth that pou map^remaine 
 
 in tbi0lanD,lBljic^re(iuettBaatu cannot fatiffie toitljout tljeknotoleoge ano confent of Mangu- 
 
 Can.Sflljcref o?e pou,ana pour interpreter mud of necefiitjs goe buto Mangu-Can.^otebett pout 
 
 affociate, anotlje ot^er manlballreturnebntotljccourcofSattach, ttapingtljereforpou.ttHpou 
 
 come backe/Cben began tbe nwnof<55ob mine interpreter to lament^Ceeming bimfelfe but aticaB 
 
 man.^iueaffociatealfopjoteflcctljattljevujoulbfoonercljopoffbisljeab, tben ttitboratot bim 
 
 out of mp companie.9poreoucr 31 mp felfe faioctljat toitbout mine aflbciate 31 coulee not goe : ano 
 
 tljat toe floob in neeee of ttoo feruants at tbe lealt,to atteno bpenbs, bccaufe, if one Qjoulii t\jsx\tz 
 
 to fall fieke, bae coulo not be toitbout anotljer.'SLben returning bnto tlje court Ae tolo tl;efe fapingsi 
 
 bnto Baat u.ano Baatu commanbeb Taping : let tbe ttoo Pr^Us ano tbe interpreter goe together, 
 
 but let the clearke returne bnto Sartach.&nb comming agatue bnto bs.hee toloe bs euen fo, SnD 
 
 l»hen 31 tooulo haue fpoken for the clearke to bane bab him toith bS,he faiee : jao more looros s fo? 
 
 Baatu bathrefolueu, that fo it fball be, aim tijercfoje 31 bare not goe bnto the court anp more. Go- 
 
 let the clearke baD remaining of the almes monep bettottcb bpon him, 2 6„ Yperperas,atm no more; 
 
 1 o, bobercof he kept for bimfelfe anb for the lab, ano 1 6.lje gaue bnto the man of o3oo for bs. ana 
 
 thus toere me parteo afunoer mitlj tearcs : he returning bnto tljc court of Sarcach, aim our felueg 
 
 remaining ft til in the fame place. 
 
 Of our iourney towards the Court of Mangu Can. 
 
 Chap.zz. 
 
 V^on 9ffumption euen our eleatke arriuco at the court of Sartach. 3tm on the moji-oto after, 
 the Neftorian^r'E^i 3 ^erc aoo?nco toith our beflmems in the p?cfence of the faioe Sar- 
 tach, Chen meeour felues toere conbucteo bnto another bofle, toho Was appointee to p?o* 
 uioebs houferoomejbictualles, anohorfeS. ^ut bccaufe boeebab not ought to beftomeftpon 
 him, beeoiD alUhings bntotoarolp foj bs. Cbentoee robe on fortoaroc toitb Baatu, Befcen* 
 
 S'ehca" 9 5t "ff al0 "S ty tl ^ e banke of Eti,ia » fo ? £ ^ e f P ace of fiue toe£feES together 1 Sometimes mine 
 
 mebmiiteof alfoliate toas fo ertremelie ljungrie, that hee tooulo tell mee in a manner bleeping, that it 
 
 *'''*• f areo mith him as though bee hao neuer eaten anp thing in all his life before, ©here is a fairc 0? 
 
 market follobiingthe court of Baatu at alUiin?s : but it U>as fofarre bidant from bs tfcat toe coiUti 
 
TheTartars. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. rn 
 
 notbauerccourfe ttjerctmto, JFo? toee toerc conftrawco totoalke on footc (o) lam of Ocjffs, 9c 
 length certaine Hungarians fruljo rjaD fomctimc bene after a lojtt Cleavgic mc n) f ouno us out : Hungarian. 
 ano one of tljcm conlo as pet finer, many fongs toitbouc booke, atto toas accompteo of otijer Hun- 
 garians as a Pjiefl, ano toas fent fo? unto tbe funeral? of bis occcafeo countrep men, SE&ere 
 toas another ef them alfo pjecilp toelinffructeo in bis ©rammer : fo? bee cottlo unocrftano t\)t 
 meaning of anpthing tbat toce {pake, but coulD not anftoere US. £hcfe Hungarians toerc a great 
 comfort Unto us, bringing us Cofmosto DjJtikc,pea,anDfom£times fle(i)fo?toeatealfo;ttbOi 
 tobentbeprcqueiceo tohaue fomebookes of us, ano 31 hao not anp to gate tljcm (fojinoccoe toe 
 Ijao none but oneip alible, anDab?euiarie) itgrieueDmceejcceeoinglp. ano3j faioe unto them: 
 %jingmecfomeinke ano paper, ano3ltoillto?itefo?poufolongas toe fijall remaine here: ano 
 
 tljepDiofo. 9llD 3i CoptCD out fo? them Horas beats Virginis, anD Ofticium defun&orum, 
 
 9©o?eouer, Upon a certaine Dap, there teas a Comanian that accompanied us, fainting bs in La- socomanurij 
 
 tine,anb taping: Saluetc Domini, CtUonDering tljereat ano fanning him againe, 31 Dcmaun* 
 
 tieii of him, toljoljao taught bim that kinoc of falutation 1 ; lj3ee faioe tijat bee toas bapti^to in 
 
 Hungaria bp our friers, ano that of them bee learnco it, ll?e faioe mo? eotter , that Baatu bao en» 
 
 quireomanp things of bim concerning us, ano that bee toiae bim tlje eGate of uurojoer, After 4 
 
 toaroc 31 fatoe Baatu rioing toith bis companic, ano al! his fubtects that mere IjoufijolDcrs oj ma* 
 
 Hers of families rioing toith bim , ano (in mine eftimation) tbep mere not fiue ijunojeo perfons 
 
 mall, at lengtlj about the enoe of Holy mode, there came a certaine rich Moal unco Us (tobofe 
 
 fatber toas.a Millen arie, toljicb is a great office among tbem)faping: 31 am tbe man that mult con= 
 
 Duct pou Unto Mangu-Can , and We baue tbither a iournep of foure monrtbs long to ttatteU, ano n iettmn* si 
 
 tbereis fucb crtreame coloe in tbofe parts, tbat Hones ano trees ooe eucn riue afunoer in regarce tiomv^l 
 
 thereof. 3Lberefo?e 3i tooulo toil!) pou tb?ougbIp to aouife pour felues.toljctber pou be able to in= C ' D * 
 
 Dure it 0} no. Unto tohomc 3 anftoereo : 31 rjopc bp iSoos Ijclpe tbat toe Ibalbe able to b?ooke tbat 
 
 lnljicrj other men can inoureXfjcn be faioe: if poucannot inoure it, 31 toil fojfake pou bp tljc toap. 
 
 9no 31 anfiucrcD bim : it toere not iuft oealing fo? pou fo to ooe : fo j wee goe not tbitljer upon anie 
 
 bufinefle of our otone, but bp reafon tljac toe are fent bp pour lojo, (IBhccfojc Gtfjence toe are com* 
 
 mitteo unto pour charge, pououghtinnotoifetofojfakeUS. Chen be faioe: all ibalbe toell. 3f* 
 
 tertoato hecaufeous to fljetoe bim all our garments ranotoljatfocucrbceocemfotobe iefleneea= 
 
 full fo? bs, be toilleD bs to Ieaue it bebino in tlje cuflooic of our botte.On tbe mojroto tbcp brought 
 
 Uncoecf) of bs a furreogatone,maoe all of rammes fkinncs,toitljtlje tooolffil upon them, ano b?ee« 
 
 cbes of tbe fame, ano bootes alfo oj bufkins accojoing to tljeit fafl)fon,ano Qjooes maoe of felt, ano 
 
 Ijooos alio maoe of fkinnes after tbeir maner,&be fecono Dap after Holy rood.boe began to fet foj- ciic i&ai 
 
 toarb on our iourncp,ljauing cb?ee guioes to Direct bs : ano toe rooe continuallp i£afitoaro, till tlje & c i ,t£ " lbtr « 
 
 feafl of All Saints. 'Stbjougbout all tbat region, ano beponoe alfo Din tlje people of Changle inlja» 46.oavcb. 
 
 bite,tobo mere bp parentage Dcfcenoeo from tbe Romanes, Jlpon tbe .tftojtlj fioc of us , Ituce Ijao ° 1 ' ^v"*' 
 
 Bulgaria tbe greate^ano on tbe ^outlj,tbe fojcfuio Cafpian fea. 
 
 Of the riuer of Iagac : and of diuers regions or na- am*. 
 
 tions. ch.tp.23, 
 
 HgtuingtraueileDttoelueDapes iournep from EciIia,toeefouno a migfjtie riuercalleD Iagac : r»i« mui 
 toljtclj riuer timing out of tbe po)tl),from tlje Iano of Pafcacir,oefceoetlj into tlje fojefato fea. ** peB [ *°E '"P 
 ^be language of Pafcacir,anD of tlje Hungarians is all one,ano tljep art all of tljem ujepljearos.not MbL.° ^ 
 Ijauinganp cities, anDtljeircountrepbo^Deretbbpon Bulgaria tbe greater,on tlje CKett frontier 
 tbereof.jTromtbei2o2tljeaflpartoftbefaiDcountrcp,t|jereisno citieac all. jfoj Bulgaria tbe 
 greater is tbe fartheS countrep tbat toap , tbat batb anp citietberein, ©tttof tlje fo?enameore= 
 gionof Pafcatir,p?oceeoeDtlje Hunnesofoloe time, toljoaftettoaroetoere calico Hungarians,; «rBe««ng«M 
 3aert unto it is Bulgaria tlje greater. Ifidore repojtetlj concerning tbe people of tljis nation, S£sS. 
 tljat toitljfttift (jojfestljep trauerfeotbeimpjcgnablctoallesanDbotinosof Alexander,(n;bicb, 
 together toitlj tbe rocks of Caucafus, ferueo to rettrainetljofe barbatousano blooo-tljirfitc people 
 from inuaoing tlje regions of tbe S>otttb) infomucb tbat tbep &ao tribute paieo Unto tljem 3 as farre 
 as^gypc.ltketoifetbeptoaSeDallcountreiseuen unto France. £Ubcreupon tljep toerc mo?e 
 
 migljtie then tlje Tartars as pet are. 3nD Unto tljem tlje Blacians, tlje Bulgarians, ana tlje Van- 
 dals iopneo tbemfelues. #0? out of Bulgaria tlje greater, came tljofe Bulgarians, S^ojcoucr, tbep vaiatBsDs; 
 toljicb inhabit bepono Danubius, neere unto Conftaniinople.anB not facte from Pafcatir,arc cal* 
 leo Ilac.mbiclj (fatting the p?onftciation)is al one toitlj Blac,(foi tlje Tartars cannot pronounce tbe 
 letter B)fromtobomalfooefcenoeDtIjepeopIctoljic[j inhabit tbe lanD of Affani.jTojtljeparetotb of 
 ttjecailCD Ilac(bothtbefe,? tymfytjin§ languagiSOftljeRunlans^ Polonians,flti|e Bohemians. 
 
 & a ®?jf 
 
 l:|J 
 
ui TheEnghfh Voyages^Nauigations, The Tartars, 
 
 ©he Sclauoniansfpeake all one language toith the Vandals, alltohichbanoebtljemrcluestou!) 
 
 t!jc Hunaes:anD noto fo? the mott part, thep bnite tbemfelues bnto tlje Tartars:toho ©on hath rat> 
 
 ntut.ji.vn. fca Up from thebtmou* partes! of the eartjj,acco?oing to that m^icb tlje Lop faith : I will prouoke 
 
 Rom.io,T.«y. them co enuy(namclp ft!C|) aS keepe not hiS&ato)by a people, which is no pcople.and by a foo- 
 
 lifli nation will I anger them. 'Sljispjophecieistuifillea, acco?oingtothe literal fenfc thereof, 
 bpon all uatiougi torjiclj obferue not the iatooftgoB.ail thistohichj] haueto?itten concerning clje 
 lano of Pafcatir,toas tola me bp certaine Friers pra:dicams,tohich trauailea thither befr?e euer tlje 
 Tartars came abjoaa. Slna from that time thep toere fuboueD bnto their neighbo?s the Bulgarians 
 bcingSaracensjtohercuponmanpofthempjoucoSaracensalfo.aDtljermattetg concerning this 
 people, map beknotonoutof £b?onicles.JFo?itismanifeft,tbat thofep?ouincesbeponb Conftan- 
 tinopIe,tol)icb are noto calico BuIgaria,Valachia,gt Sclauonia,toere of oia time p?ouinces belon« 
 gtng to tlje Greekes,3lfo Hungaria toas heretofo?e calleo Pannonia* Sno toec mere rioing ouec 
 c.nKienniiugc tljelanoofCangle, from trjefcatt of Holy roode,DntilltljcfeattofAllSaints: traucilingalmofl: 
 at?.' com eiterpBav(acco?oingtomineettimation)asfarre,asfromParistoOrleans, ana fomctimesfar» 
 tljer, as toe toerep?ouiaea of pofle ho?fes : fo? fome oapes toe haa change of ho?fes ttoife o? th?ife 
 in a aap.'&ometimes toe trauaileo ttoo o? th?ce oaies togethcr,not ttooinganp people,ann tljen toe 
 toereconttraineDnottorioefofatf,©f2o,oj jo,bo?fe5toeljaDaltoapesthetooo?tt, becanfetoec 
 toere ftrar,gers.jTo? euerp one tooke their choice of tlje belt (jojfes before be. , <£*jepp?ouioeB mee 
 altoaiea of a firong Ijo?fe,becaufe 31 toas berp corpulent fj hcaup : but tohether he ambleb a gentle 
 pnfeo? no, 3jaurtt not make anpquettton. Neither pet Bur a 31 complaine, although be trottea full 
 fo?c, "B ut euerp man mutt be contentea toitb bis lot as it fell. SBhercupcn toct toere erceeainglp 
 troubleo : fo? oftentimes our ho?fes toere tireD befoje toe coulB come at anp people, 3na tljen toee 
 toere cemtfrainea to beate ana toljip on our ho?fes,anO to lap our garments upon other emptie ho?« 
 fes jpeaanafometimes ttoo of bstorioebpononebo?fe. 
 
 Of the hunger,and thirft,and other miferies, which wee 
 luftaincdin oiiriourney. C^w/,24. 
 
 JF (jungcr ana third, colne ano toearinelTe,there toas no cno. jf 0? thep gaue bs no bf cttials, 
 
 but onelp in the euening. 31n tlje morning thep bfeb to giue lis a little b ?inke, 0? fome foooeri 
 
 Millet to fttp off. in tlje euening thep beflotocofletli bpon bs, asnamelp.a fbouIoeranBb?eaft of 
 
 rams mutton,ane euerp man a meafureb quantitie of b?oatlj to B?iake, GUljen toe baa fufficient of 
 
 tlje fle(h-b?oatb,toe toere maruelloulip toclretteujea.3tia it feemca to me mofl pleafant, ano moll 
 
 iiourilhingBntike.Cucrp&ateraap 31 rtmaineafaSingbntilnigh^touIjcutratmgo? blinking of 
 
 ottgljt. ano toljennigljt came,3l toasconfirauuts, to mp great grief ana fo?oto,to eat fleflj.giome* 
 
 times toe toere faine to eate fleflj halfe foooen.n? almoft ratoe, ano allfo? toant of fetoel to fectrje it 
 
 toitljal:cfpeciallptoben toe lap in tbcfielos,o? were benigljteo before toe tame at our tourneis eno: 
 
 <£ertaineri. becaufc toe coulonot thenconuenientlp gather together tlje oottng of bo?fcso? ore;fo? other fetoel 
 
 ""*' toe founa but feloome,ercept perhaps a f eto cljo?nc0 in fome places, iikctoife Upon the'bankes of 
 
 fome riuers,there are toooos grotoing Ijere ana ttjere.^otobeit tljep are bcrp rare. 3[n the begin* 
 
 ning our guiae Ijigljlpotfoainea bs,ano it toas teoious unto ijim to conouct fuch bafefellotoeg,a& 
 
 tertoara,toljen Ije began to fenoto W fometobat better, he oirtcteb bs on our toap bp the courts of 
 
 riclj Moals,ano toe toere requettea to pjap fo? tljem. Stlljerefoje, Ijaa 31 cariea a gooa interp^etec 
 
 toitlj me,3l Qjoulo Ijaue Ijaa oppojtttnitie to Ijaue bone much gooa, 3the fojefaia Chingis,toljo toas 
 
 tlje 6rtt great Can o?€mpcrour of tlje Tartars,ijaBfourefonnes,oftoljomepjocceBeabpnattiraU 
 
 befcent manpcljilojen, euerp one of tobicb ooetrj at tljtsaapeniop great poffefrions : ana thep are 
 
 bailp multiplieb ana oifpetfea ouer tljat ljuge ana toalle aefert , tofjicb is, in oimenfions,lihe bnto 
 
 the 2D cean S> ea. ©ur guiae therefore oirecteo bs,as toe toete going on our iotirn ep, bnto manp of 
 
 their habitations, 3no tljep marueileo erceeainglp, that toe tooulo receiue neither gola, no? flitter, 
 
 no? precious ana coBIp garments at their bancs, 'SLhep inquireo alfo, concerning tlje great ^lope, 
 
 toljet Ijer Ije toas of fo lading an age as tljep baa Ijearo *: JFo? there haa gone a repojt among them, 
 
 that he toas 500. peeres oloe.^bf? inquireo liketoife of our countrets.tohcthcr there toere abun= 
 
 nance of ujcep,oren,ciljojfesojno':(!Eoncerning tlje©cean fca,tl)ep coulonot coceitte of ic.becaufe 
 
 it toastoithoutltmits oj banfes,51pon the euenof pfcaftof 31 ^>aints,toe fojfook tlje toap leaoing 
 
 totoarostlje €att,(becaufe tljepeople toerenoto aefcencca berpinucij !§>outh)ana toe toent on out 
 
 wmncv b>m* t°« l ' ne P bp certatne aipes.oji mountaines oirectlp ^outlitoaro,fo? tlje fpacc of 8, oapes together, 
 
 lu^it). 3|« tlje fo?efaio oefcrt 31 fato manpau"cs(toljict) tljep calCo!an)being ratljer like bnto mules:tljefe 
 
 ujte toift of BiJ| ou| . gu(De 9 ^ cora p an j onB cha f e i, £c? eagerlptfjotobcit, tljep aio but lofc tljeir labour : fo? tlje 
 
 mn'nmmu beattes toere ttoo ftoiftfo?tljem, Upontjje^bapthereapptareDtot^^outljofDsbugeijigb 
 
 wmt9, mountaineiSj 
 
 Ol 
 
The Tartars. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 112 
 
 tnountaines, ano toe entreo into a place tobiclj toas toell toaccreo.anD frefl; as; a garDctt, ano founo 
 latin filleD ano manurcD. %\)t eight Dap after the fealt of Ail Saints,toe arriueD at a certain totonc <®mm* 
 of the Saracens,nameD Kcnchar, the gouernour toljcreof met our guioe at the totoncs eno toitb ale KiElc S "« v> 
 •ano cups. 5F02 it is their maner at all totones ano uillageg, fnbiccc bnto tljem,to meet tlje mcfien» use of tjjc s». 
 gers of Baatu ano Mangu-Can toitb mcate anD Djinke.3e the fame time of tlje pcre.thep toent top* """*' 
 mt tlje pee in tljat countrep.anD before trjc feaR of S.MichaeI,toe Ijab frott in tlje Defect* 31 enquiteo Gbtj.uap or 
 tljenameoftljatpjouince:bucbcingnctoinattrangetecrito?ie, tljep cotilo not tell mcethename i^owwuei, 
 thereof,but onelp tlje name of a berp fmal citie in tlje fame pjouince, 2nd there DcfcenoeD a great a gust nun. 
 riuer ootone from the mountaines, tobiclj toatcreo the toboleregiow, accojDing as tlje inhabitants 
 iDottlo giue it pau"age,bp making Diners cljanels ano fluces: neither DiD tljis riuer croncrate it felfe 
 into anp fea.but toas ftoaliotoeD up bp an hiDeou3 gulfc into tlje botoels of the eartb : anD it caufco *& an P u ' ac *> 
 manp femtes oj lakes. Slfo 3 fato manp bines, anD Djanhcof the usint thereof, ® u,w ' 
 
 How Ban was put to death : and concerning the habita- 
 tion of the Dutch men. chap. 2 5. 
 
 Ttfpebap fonotofog,toecame bnto another cottage neere bnto tbe mountains'* flno 3 enqufreb n cott(,s , e • 
 tobat mountains tbep toere.tobich 31 bnDerttooD to be tlje mountains of Caucafus, tubtcb are ^oSulai" 9 
 CretcbcD fojtb,$ tontinueb mt botbparts to tbe fea,from tlje SUea bnto tbe^att: ano on tlje £Oell f wnoeb ume 
 part tljep are coniopneobnto tbe fojefato Ca/pian fea, toljerinto the riuer of Volga Difcljargetb bis gJ j , c ' , ' lEt ' ,e 
 Crcams.3IenqttirtoalfooftljecicpofTalas,ioi)creintoereeertaineDutchmenferuantsuiitoone vttttuitaf_ 
 Buri,oftohom frier AndrewmaDemention.£oncerningtobomau*o3 enqufrcDbcrpDiligcntlp in ' < S. 0, clm ° 
 the courts of Sartach $ Baatu^otobcit 3 coulb Ijaue no intelligence of tljem, but onelp tljat tljeic $ XKt Anixw ' 
 Iojd $ rnaSlcr Ban toaspttt to Death bpon tlje orcaGon following: 5t!jis Ban teas itotplaceo in gooD 
 ano fertile paflures.SinD bpon a certain Dap being D?unken,be fpakeon tjjis urife bnto bis men. Sim 
 notJoftOeftocfteanDtoreDof ChingUCan, as toellas Baatu? (fojin berp Deebe he toas bjo= 
 tljer 8? nepbeto bnto Baatu.)3Etfjp then Doe 3! not paffe ano repattebpon tbe banke of Etilia,to feen 
 mp cattel there,as frcelp as Baatu bimfelfe Doetb'-.&Ohtcb fpeecbes of Ijis toere rcpojtco bnto B aa- 
 tu, <DBbereupon Baatu tojote bnto his feruantsto b?ingtbeir lojDebounDbntoljim. QinDtbcp 
 DiD fo , 3then Baatu DemanDco of bim tohetber Ije hao fpofcen anp fucb toojDs *: Sno bee confeffeo 
 tbatbeljao. $otobeit, (becaufeic is tbe Tartars maner to parDonomnken men) Ije ctcureo ljmt« 
 felfe tljat he toas Dwnkcn at tbe fame time, l&otoe Dura thou (quotb Baatu) once name mee in tb? 
 Ditrnfeennefle *: 9nb iuitb tljat bee caufeD bis IjeaD to be ctjeye off,Concerning tlje fo?efaio Dutch- 
 men, 31 coulDnot bnderflanb ougbt, till 3i toas comebnto tlje court of Mangu-Can. ano there 31 
 toasinfo?mcD that Mangu-Can ban remoueDthemoutof tlje fttrifoiction of Baatu, fo£ tlje fpace 
 of a monetbs iournepfrom Talas ealllioarD.bnto a ccrtainc billagejCalleD Bolac .- inljerc thep are ««« boiase 0! 
 fee to Dig golD,anD to make armour, ffl,\)t reupon 3 couls neither goe no? come bp them. 31 palTeo Eo1 * - 
 Derp neere tlje fatoe citie in going fo?tb, as namelp.tuitljin th?ee Dapes tournep thereof: but3i toas 
 ignorant that 31 did fo : neither coulo 3! Ijaue turneo out of mp toap, elbeit 3 IjaD knoloen fo much. 
 jTrom the fojefaiae cottage toe tocnt Directlp CafltoarD, bp tljemountaines afo?efaio. 3nD from 
 that time toe trauailco among tlje people of Mangu-Can, toljo in all places fang anD DaunccD be» 
 fo?e our gutoe.becaufe Ijee toas the meffengcr of Baatu. jFo? tljis curtefie tljep Doe affoojo eclje to 
 ether : namelp,tlje people of Mangu-Can recciuing the meffengers of Baatu in maner afojefaioc: 
 anD foliketoifethcpeople of Baatu intertainingthemeflengersof Mangu-Can 4 |5ottoitblIanDtng »'"'«««» '* 
 tbepeople of Baatu; are mo?e furlie ano Ceute , ano fijetoe net fo muclj curtefie bnto the fm> SSSmSSL 
 iectes of Mangu-Can, as tljep Doe bnto them. 3 fetoe Dapes after, toee cntercD bpon thofc Slpes Cm • 
 toljere tlje Cara Catayans toere tooont to inbabite. 9no tljere toeefouno a migljtie riuer : info= SS «£ «!« w 
 much that toee toere conltraineD to imbarke our felues,anD to fatle oucr it. Sftertoaro to e came in* ca» c« a y an5 
 to a certaine baliep,tohere 3 fato a cattle 6cflropeD,tlje toalles tobereof toere onelp of muooe t ano aSSSf w 
 in trjat place tbe grounD toas tilleo alfo. 3nD tljere toee founoe a cercaine billage, nameoEqui- net. 
 us, toljerein toere Saracens , (peaking the Perfian language: hotobeit tbep Dtoclt nnljuge st< £$T' ma - 
 fiance from Pcrfia , djCDapfollotomg,ljautngpau"cDouerthcfo?cfaiDe 9lpeStoljic!j DefcenoeD 
 from the great mountains S>outijtoarD,toe etureDinto amoabeautifulplaine,hfluinglj:gl)moun= aiaiwof na 
 taines on our right hanoe, ano on the left Ijanoe of bs a certaine feca c? lake , to'jiclj contai' t« llE »«p«» 
 netbfiftecne Dapes tournep in circuite, 3U tljcfo?efapDe^ainetsmoacommoDioullp toateteo nlS" 
 toitlj certaine freujets DiftiUing from the fato meuntaines,aU tohicb do fall into tlje Iake.3n ^ani« 
 mertime tteereturneD bp the 5fto?tbnjo?eoffbe faioelake, ano there toere great mountaines 
 ontbatfioealfo, 51pon tlje fo?enameDplaine there toere toont to bee great flo?e ofbillagcs: but 
 foitljemoltparttljep toereall toadeD, in rcgaroe of the fertile paUiues, tljattlje Tartars might 
 
 K j fecog 
 
[i^ The Englifti Voyages, Nauigations, *IheTarta rs 
 
 Cailac a great 
 citte, auo full 
 ofinercSjasitB. 
 
 Comomanhi. 
 
 ^Tilc ytople 
 rallcb ingurcs 
 fDuMtec0. 
 
 Jrricr William 
 U3.1 1 u Caia- 
 carum. 
 
 feede tljeic cattel tbere, ^33ec found one great citie tbere named Cailac , toberein toas a mart, ano 
 great ttoje of Spcrcbants frequenting it, 3!n tljis citie toee remained fifteene napes, Gaping foj a 
 certaine Scribe oj §>ccrctarieof Baatu, tobo ougljt to Ijaue accompanied tur guide fo? tbe 
 difpatcbing of certaine affaires in tbecourt of Mangu, ailtbiscountreptoastoont toberaUett 
 Organum : ann tbe people thereof bad tbeir pjoper language, and tljcir peculiar fcinoe of touting. 
 3i5ut it toas altogether inhabited of tbe people calico Comomanni. %%t Neflorians Iifeetoife in 
 tljofe parts ufco tlje tierp fame hinde of language and touting , 'SLljep are called Organs , beeatife 
 tljep mere luont to be moll f tulfull in playing bpon tlje SDjganes oj citbeme,as it toas reported bn< 
 to me.^ere fivUDin 3! fee toojfbippers of idoles, concerning toljom,bee it Imotoen onto pour ma* 
 teftie,tljat tbetc be manpfects of tljem in tlje«cafi countries!. 
 
 How the Neflorians, Saracens,and Idolaters areioy- 
 
 ned together. Chap.26. 
 
 Tljje firft fo?t of tljcfe idolaters are called Iugurcs: tobofe land bojdcrctlj bpon tlje fojefaid lano 
 of Organum.toitljin tlje faio mountains <£ailtoaro:and in al tljetr cities Neflorians bo inba* 
 fait togetber,ano tbep are difperfed Iifeetoife totoards Perfia in tlje cities of tlje Saracens, %ty citi* 
 ?ens of jS fojefaio citp of Cailacbao 3 . ioole-'&emples : and 31 cntrcd into ttoo of tbem, to beholoe 
 tljeir foolifij fuperftitions.31n tlje firft of tobicb 3J found a man Ijauing a crofie painted tomb infe bpo 
 bis ljano,toberupon 31 fuppofed Ijim to be a Chriftian:foj be anftoereo lifee a Chrifiian unto al que* 
 Oionstobicb 31 demanded of bim.9nd 31 afkedljim,c:iabptbcrefo?eljauepcu not tbecrolTetoitbtbe 
 image of 3leftn£ljjitt tljerupon'&no be anftocred:££te Ijaue no fucb cuttomc. (KHIjereupon 31 con« 
 icctured tljat crjev toere indcede Chriftians:but,tbat fo? latkc of inftruction tbcp emitted tlje fo?e* 
 faide ceremonie, Jf 0? 31 fato tbere beljind a certaine cljeft(toljicb toas bnto tljcm in Heed of an altar, 
 Thereupon tljep fet candles and oblations) an image Ijauing toings lifce bnto tlje image of Saint 
 Michael,ano otljer images alfo,boloing tljeir fingers,as if tljep toouio blclTc fome boop.'&bat cue* 
 ning 31 could not find anp tljing els, jf 0? tbe Saracens doe onelp inuitcmen tljitbcr, but tbep Ml 
 not baue them fpeake of tbeir religion,anotljerfo?e,toben3l enquired of tlje Saracens concerning 
 fttclj ceremonies, tbep toere offended tljerear,£Dn tlje mojroto after toere tbe Kalends, and tlje Sa- 
 racens feaft of Pafieouer. 9nd fbanging mine Sinneojloogingtlje fame dap, 31toofcetojiv:iriea» 
 liodeneereJjntoanotljerioole-Semple.jFojtljc citizens of tbe faio citie of Cailac doecurtconflp 
 inutte, fj louinglp intertame all melfengets, euerp man of tljem according to bis abilitie and po?ti* 
 on, 9no entring into tlje fojefaio idole-'CempIe, 3 found tbe p?iefts of tbe faid idoles tbere, fo? 
 altoapcs at tlje Kalends tljtp fet open tbeir ^emples,and tlje piieils adome tbcmfclues, and offer 
 tip tljepeoplcs oblations of bieao and fruits, firft tljcrcfoje 31 toill defcribe Unto pou tbofe ritess 
 and ceremonies.tobicljare common unto all tbeir idole-^cmples: and tljen tlje fupcrflitions oftlje 
 fojxfaio lugures,to!jidjbe,as it tocre,afect diftinguifbcdfrom tlje reft, ^Ijep Doe all of tbem too?* 
 fijip totoards tbe !2o?tb, clapping tljcir bands togctber,and p?oftrating tbemfelueS on tbeir knees 
 Upon p cattlj,boloing alfotljeir fojebeaos in tljeir ljauds,&Uljerttpon tbe Neflorians of tljofe parts 
 toillin no cafe iopne tbeir bands togetber in time of pjaper:but tlje? p?ap,oifplaping tljeir bands fae» 
 f oje tljeir bjeaSsXbep erteno tljeir •Ccmples in lengtb €aft and QKefl J and Dpon tlje jf2o?tb fioe 
 tljep build a cljambcr.in maner of a {[leftrp fo? tbemfelueS to goe fojtlj into. ©? fometimes it is 0* 
 tljertoife«3if it be a foure fquare Ccmple,in tlje minft of tlje ©cmplc totoards tbe Ji2o?tlj Coe tber« 
 of,tljcp take in one cbamber in tljat place toljcre tbe quire fijoulo ftand,3nd toitljin tbefaid cbamfaec 
 tljep place a cljcft long and b?oad likeijnto a table : and beljinde tlje faide cljeft totoaroes tbe Sout^ 
 Cands tljeir pjtincipall idole: tobicb 3! fatoe at Caracarum,and it toas as bigge as tbe idole of Saint 
 Cluiftopher^aifo a certaine Neftorian p?ieft,toljicb bad bin in Catay, faide tljat in tljat countrep 
 tbere is an idole of fo Ijuge a bignes.tbat it map be feen ttoo daies iournep before a man come at it, 
 3no fo tbep place otljer ioolcs round abouttljefo?efaiop;incipalioole,beingalloftbemfinelpgilj 
 ouer tottij pure goloe: and dpon tbe faide cljeft , tobicb is in manner of a table, tljep fet candles ann 
 oblations . ^?jc doojes of tbeir temples are altoapes opened totoards tbe ^outlj^ontrarp to tbe 
 cuftomeofcbcSaiacens, tJLbepbauealfo great bellcslike Unto bs, 9nd tljat is tbecaufe (aS3I 
 tbtn&e; tobp tlje Chriftians of tbe Call toill in no cafe bfe great belles, pottoitljftanding tjep are 
 CLiinmonamongtbe Ruffians, and GrfciansofGafaria, 
 
 Of their Temples and idoles: and howe they behaue them- 
 felues in worfhipping their falfe gods; Cbaf.z-j, 
 
 All tbeir Ipjicfts bad tljeir beads and beards fijauen quite ouertand tljep are clad in faffrott ca« 
 loured garments : and being once u)auen,tbep lead an tonnarieD life from tbat time fojtoaro: 
 
 ano 
 
1 — — — I ———— —I II - ■ 
 
 TheTartais. Traffiques,and Difcouenes, 115 ■ 
 
 ano tbep lute an btrnDjetbo^UjoljunDjetb of tljem together in one dottier ojcouenr, SUpontbofe 
 Dapcs tuljcn tljep enter into tljeir tcmpleSjtijep place tluo long foomies tljcrein : ano fo fitting upon 
 tlje fapD foojmes like tinging men in a quter, namelp tlje one Ijalfe of tljem oirectlp ouer againU tlje »•««* 
 otljcr,tljep baue certainc books in tljeir banOs,toljicb fometimes tfjcp lapDotone bp tljem upon tlje 
 foomies : ano theiiijeaBS are bare fo long as tljep remainc in the temple* 9 no tljere tbep reaoe foft* 
 Ip unto tljemfclues.not Uttering anp uotcc at all, <KCUjcrcupon comming in amongll tljem , at tlje 
 time of tbeir fupertf itious Dcuotions, attD finding tljem all fitingmute in mancr afojefapoe, 3 at» 
 temptco Diners amies to p?ouoke tljem UtttofpeacljjanD petcoulo not bp anp means poifiblc&be? 
 ijauctoitlj tljem alfoUJljitljcrfoettcr tljep goe, a certaine firing feritlj an ljunDjetlj oj ttoo bunDjctjj 
 mttfljels tljeretipon, mttclj like to our ucaD-rouletBljic!) toe carp about toitljUs. 9iid tljepooe al= 
 toapes Utter tljcfe toojos : On mamHaBani,Go& thou knoweihasone of tljem crpounDcoit 
 unto me, 9iid fo often Doe tbep crpecta retoaro at (SoDsljanos, as tljep pronounce tljefe wojosm 
 remembrance of (Sod. JRottnD about tljeir temple cfcep Doe altuapcs make a fairc court, like unto a 
 churcljparD.toljicljtljep enuirontuitljapjooD toall : ano upon tlje §>otttljparttljctcof tljcp tuilD a 
 great portal jtoljcrcin tljep fit ano conferre together, 9nD upon tbe top of tljefato pojtall tbep pitch, 
 nlongpolerigbtup,craltingit 3 iftljcpran, abouealltijetoljoletotone bcfiDes. SnDbptljcfame 
 pole all men map knouie.tljat tljere llanos tlje temple of tljeir iooles, "Cljefe rites ano ceremonies 
 afojefapo be common unto all ioolatcrs in tljofe parts, (Sotngupona timetotoarDes tijefojefapD 
 ioole-temple,3l founo certain pjietts fitting in tlje outuiaro pojtal. 9nD tljofe luhiclj 3 fame, fee* 
 meo unto me,bp tljeir ujauen bearDS,as if tljep Ijao bene ,f reneb men. Ebcp tuoje certaine o?na» 
 mentsupon tljeir Ijcaosmaoe of paper, Elje pjiefies of tlje fojcfaioclugures Doe Ufefuclj attire 
 tohitljerfoctter tljep goe,3Lbcp are alujaics in tljeir faffron coIourcD iackcts.udjicb beuerp flr, j igljt 
 being laceD oj butteneo from tbe bofome rigljt Dotoine 3 aftcr tlje JT rencb faffjion. 9iid tljep Ijane a 
 cloake upon tljeir left ujoulDerDefcenDingbefo?eanDbeljinD8nDer tljeir rigljtarme.like unto aoea= 
 ton carping tlje boufrel-borc in time of lent, tljeir letters ojkinD ofto?itmg the Tartar sDiore- m^ 
 eclue, 'Ebepbcgin to tojite at tbe top of tbeirpaper Djatoing trjeht lines rigljtDolune : ano fo .rjcp §.0 do ttieued. 
 reaoe ano multiplp tbeir lines from tlje left fjano to tlje right, Ebep Doe ufe certaine papers anD StoJto^wSS 
 tIjaractersintbeirmagicalp?actifes,MbereupontljeirtempIcsarcfuIIoffttcljiTjojtfcroulesljan= uiBtiWuneB 
 geo rounD about tbem, 9lfo Mangu-Can Ijatlj fent letters unto pour spaicfiie tojttten in tlje lan« tSSSm 
 gwage of tlje Moals 0? Taitars,anD in tlje fojefapD IjanD 0? letter of tlje Iugures. Stljep bttrne tljeir ,1Dt flB toE "or 
 DeaDaccojDingtotljeanncicntcufiome^anDlapuptljcaujesintljetopofaippramis. iftouj.after 3 Sm&e 8 ^ 
 &aDfitatobilebptl)efojefaiDpjtetr8,anDentreDinto tljeir temple anD feene manpof tljeir images lcfte - 
 both great auD fmall , 3 DemanoeD of them toljat tljep beleeueD concetning (Sod*: S no tljep an» 
 
 ftoereD : We beleeue that there is onely one God. 9nD 3 DtmaunDeD farther : iKLtbetber DO pott 
 
 belcue tljat be is a fpirit, oj fome boDilp fubfiance': Eijcp faioc : We beleeue that he is a fpirite. 
 Eljen faiD 3 : Doe pot; beleeue that ©od etter tooke nuns nature Upon him': Eljep anfujereu : 
 Noe. 3nD againe 3 faio t gu'thence pe beleeue tljat be is a fpirit,to toijat eno Doc pott m ake fo ma- 
 np booilp images to repjefent Ijim': S>itljence alfo pott beleeue not that Ijee toas maoc man : Uoljp 
 Doe pott refemblebt'mratljcr Unto tlje image of a man tljen of anvotljer creature'*. Eljen trjepam 
 fUoereDfaping: toe frame not tljofe images tobcrebp torep?efcnt<SoD. 33uttoljen anprtclj mart 
 amongttus.ojljisfonne^ljisvjjtfco^anpof IjisfrieuDBDeceafetlj, beecaufetbtfje image of tbe 
 DeaDpartptobcmaDcanDtobeplaccD here: anD toe in remembrance of Ijim Doe rcucrence tljere* 
 unto, €-ben3replpcD:pottDoetljefe tljtngs onelpfojtljefrienDthipanD flatterieof men. |5oe 
 (faio tljep) but fo? tbeirmcmojp. IZDfjen tljep DemanoeD of mc,as it lucre in fcoffingtuife: Where 
 isGod? Eotoljom3anlttercD:tobc"t2 ; pourfouU': EbcpfaiDjinourbooies. Cbfnfaioe3, 
 is tr not in etterp part of pour booie, ruling ano gttioing tlje tuljolc boDie, ano pet notttitbfianDing ' 
 is not feene oj perceiucD": €uen fo <SoD is cuerp tuljere ano ruletljall tljings, ano pet is Ije inuifi* 
 ule, b£ ing unoerttanDing anD toifcDome it felfe. Eljcn being Defirous to baue baD fome moje con" 
 ferencetoitljtbem,bpreafon ) tbatmineinterp?eterU.)astoearp, anDnotabletoerp?eu*empmea* 
 nt'ng, 3 toas conflraineD to keepe filence. Ctje Moals o.j Tartars are in tbis regaro of tljeir feet i 
 namelp tbep bdeette tljat tbereisbtttonecSoD : Ijotobcit tljep make images of felMnremcbjance 
 of tljeir DeccafcD fricnDs.couering tbem toitlj fiue mott rtclj ano coftlp garments^anD putting tbem 
 into one ojtUJo carts, lnbtelj carts no man Dare oncetottclj: anD tbep are in tlje cttfioopof tljeic 
 footljfapers,UJljo are tljeir pjielfs, concerning toljom 3 tuillgiue pour Jpigljtietremoje at large to 
 UnoerftanDljereaftcr. Eljcfe footljfapers 0? Diuiners do aliuaiesattenDUpontbccotirtof Man- 
 guano of otljcr great perfonages, 3sfo?tlje poo?er 0? meaner fojte, tljep bauetljemnot, but 
 fucb onelp as are tf tlje fiocke aim kinDjeo of Chingis. ano toljen tljep are to remoue 0? to take anp 
 tournep, cbefaiDDiuintrs goebcfo-etljcm, euenastljeclouDiepiHcnucntbefo?etbccljilDjenof 
 Ifrael.ano tljep appoint gtounB lutjere tlje tents mutt be pitcpeD,anD firtt of al tljep take Doton tbeic 
 
 mm 
 
u6 The Eng lifli Voyages, Nauigations, The Tartars 
 
 Dbmcboufes: $ after tbcmtljetobole court oocb clje like* aifobpontbeirfcttiual baieso? kalends 
 tbeptake fojitij the fo?efapb images,ano place tljem in ojber roupe, oj circle brife toitljin tlje Ijoufe, 
 -Sben come the Moalsoj Tartars, and enter into tlje famehoufe, botoing tbcmfclucsbcfojetbe 
 faio images ano too?fijip tljem. S©o?eouer , it is not laMull fo? anp Granger to enter into that 
 Ijoufe, jfojupon accrtainetime ampfelfebooulobaue gone in, butStoaschiaben fulltotllfoj 
 mplabflur. 
 
 . 
 
 K 
 
 Of diuers and fundry nations : and of certaine people 
 which were wont to eate their owne parents. chap t z%. 
 
 >53ttljefo?cfapt) Iugures (iuljoliue among tlje Cb?ittians, anb the Saracens) bpt&etrfundjp 
 
 >oifputations,as 31 iuppofc , Ijaue bene brought bnto this, to bclceuc, tbat tljere is but one onelp 
 
 <6od. 9no tljep dtuelt hi certaine cities, tnbicb aftertoaro mere bjougbt in fubicction bnto Chin- 
 
 gis Can : tobcrcupon be gaue bis daugljter in mariage bnto tbeir king, aifo tbe citie of Caraca- 
 
 rum it felfe is in a manner toitbm tbeir territojp: andthctobole rountrcpofkingoj Presbyter 
 
 cue emmtrep Iohn,$ofbisbiotbcrVutlpctb ncere bnto tbeir dominions* fauing,tfcattljcpinbebite in certaine 
 
 ofPcBhitoiohn paQuresjflojtbtoaro, anutbe fapoe Iugures betbocene tlje mouutaines totoarotss tbe S)Outb. 
 
 ffiHljercupon it came to palTe,tbat tlje Moals receiueo letters from tljem. 9nb thep are tbe Tartars 
 
 p?incipall fcribes : 9 al tbe Netf orians aimefl can f hill of tbeir letters, Jf3crt bnto tljem, bet tote n 
 
 Taogut. the fo?efaio mountaincs ^aflb)ard,inbabit ti I) t&e nation of Tan g ur,toho are a mod baliant people, 
 
 ano tooke Chingis in battell.lSut after tljc tcncluCon of a league bee toaefet at libertiebp tbem, 
 
 & ano afterbjarouibottrd tljem. djefe people of Tanguthaueorcn of great fircngtb, toitbtaileis 
 
 like bnto bojfcs, and britb long fijagge baire bpon their baches ano bcllpes. <Eljcp Ijaue Icggess 
 
 greater then other or en Ijaue, anotrjep are crccccinglp fierce. Cbcfc crcn djatoe tbe great Ijou* 
 
 fts of trje Moals : ano tljeir Ijomcs are fiender, long, ftreigljt, one moll ujarpe pointed: infcmuclj 
 
 tbat tbeir oboncrs are faine to cut off tbe enocs of tbem. a cotoe hiill not fuffer Ijerfelfe to be con* 
 
 pleo bnto one of them , bnles t&ep toljifile 0? fing bnto bcr.'&bep Ijaue alfo tljc qualities of a QBuffe: 
 
 _ , . foj if tljep fee a man clotljeo inred, tljep run bpon bimimmebiatelp to kill Ijim. Ji2f rt bnto them 
 
 t<L. arc tbe people ofTeber,mcnU)btcbtocrctoout to eate tlje carkafts of tbeir oeceafeb parents : that 
 
 fo? pities fake, tljep migljt make no other fepulcljje fo? tljtm.tljen tbeir ctone botoels. $otobcit of 
 
 late tljep Ijaue left off this cufiome, becaufe that tljercbp tbep became abominable and ooicus bnto 
 
 alotber nations.f3otluitbaanoingbittotbisoapthep make fine cups of tbe fkufe of tljeir parents', 
 
 to tbe enoe tbat toljcn tbep d?inke out of tbem, tljep map amiofi all tbeir iollities and dcligljtg call 
 
 tbeir dead parents to remembrance. Cbis baas toloe mcc bp one that fam it. ^bc fapb people of 
 
 abuntwnrerf Tebecbaue great plentie ofgoloe in tbeir land. iKElljofoeuer therefore toantetbgoloe, diggctrj 
 
 some. tillljeljatlj founb fometiuantitic.and then taking fomucbtbereofasiiiillfcruebis turne, belap* 
 
 ctljbp tlje rcfiDiiebJithin tbe earth r becanfe , if he ujoulo put it into Ijis crjeB 0? ficjtljcufc, bceta 
 
 ofopmioHtbat©otiiBoulotoithbolDefrombiniaU other goto toitbtn the eartb. afattefome of 
 
 ttjofe people, being berp ocfornieb creatures. 3!nTangut3ifabJltifiptalImen, but bjotoneann 
 
 rtSp« t Ji"of f toart in colour, ^ht Iugures are of a mioule naturelike bnto our tfrencb men. 2mongfltbe 
 
 Tangat, ano of iugures is the ojigtnall ano rootc of tlje Turkifh, anb Comanian languages* $5ert bnto Tebet 
 
 ths iu SUta . are the people of Langa anDSolanga.toljofemelTengersa fabain tbe Tartars court* 3nb tljep 
 
 iang a5 soianga f,ao b?ougt't mo?etljcn ten great cartes toitb tljem, cuerp one of tobiclj toaso?aboen toitljfire 
 
 oren. -Cljep be little b?oU)ne men lihe bnto Spaniards, aifotljepbaue iackets, like bnto the bp» 
 
 Snga f KfeSf. per befimentof a beacon, failing that tbe flceues are fomctobatfitcigbter. 9nb tljep Ijaue mi* 
 
 bie&jmniarDs ters bpon tljeir Ijeans like bidops, 3ut tlje fo?e part of their miter is not fobollototoriibin as tbe 
 
 hin&er part t neither is it ujarpe pointeb j comcreo at the toppe : but tbcre bang botonc certaine 
 
 fquare fiappescompacten of a kinbe of firauietoljiclj is maoe rough anb tuggebtoitbertrcme 
 
 beat,ano is fo trimm'eb,trjat it glittereth in the funne beames, likebnto a glafie , 0? an helmet toell 
 
 burmujeo. SnD about tljeir tcmplcsthcp Ijaue long banes of tlje fojefapb matter fafleneo bnto tbeie 
 
 miters, UihscIjljouerintljerjoinD, asif nuolong homes gretoeoutoftheirheabS* 9nbtobcntbe 
 
 toint)etou"e£ijt!jcmbpanD aotone too much, tljep tie them ouer the miott of tbeir miterfromone 
 
 temple to another: anefothepliecircletoifeouertbtoarttheu: Ijeaos. S£o?eouer tljeir principal 
 
 meffengcr comming bnto tlje Tartars court bab a table of elepbants tootb about Ijim of a cubite in 
 
 length, ano a Ijancfull in b?eafitb, being berp fmootbe. 9no toljenfotucr bee fpake bntotlje 
 
 »mi)ieoftie. Cmpero?bimfelfe, 0? bnto anp otljer great perfonage, heealbjapesbcrjclotljat table, asifrjee 
 
 ¥Bant0 tootij. j, a b fount) tijerein tljofe things toljtcb rjec fpake J neither did be cafi his cpes to tbe right hanb,noj 
 
 to tlje leftc,no?bponljisface,Vj)ithtoljomhetalkeb,^ea,goingtoo anb frobefo?ebislo?ti, Ijcloos 
 
 fcetb no toljere but onlp bpon (jig tabic, ^eponb tlje (au 31 bnberflanb of a cettaintp)tbete are otbet 
 
 people 
 
1 be Tartars . Fraf Bques,and Difcouenes. 1 1 7 
 
 proplccnUcDMuc^auingmilaps^utnooiiEpauiciilariiimioftljemappjopjiatinganpc.utdl evtovU 
 
 touobimfelfe, 5aottoitljaanDiiiDf tljccc are manp flochcjs anoojouesof cattcll in tljcir cctmtrcp, $ caiirtM^ 
 
 no man appointee to kcepe them. Buttobcnanpone of tbcmaanoctbin nceoeof anp bcafl,bee 
 
 afccntetl) up onto an bill, ano there make ttj a (bout , ano all the cattell tobicb are toitbin hearing of 
 
 tbc nopfc,come flocking abottc him , ano fuffcr tbemfelucs to be banDleo ano caken,as if tbep toere 
 
 tame. 3no tobcn anp melfenger 0? Granger commetb into their countrte, tbep fbut bim bp into an 
 
 boufe , miniCring there things ncccffarp onto bint, bntill bis buBnefle he oifpatcbco. ifo? if auie 
 
 Conger fljoulo trauell though that countrie, tlje cattell tooulo flee atoap at the oerp fent of him, 
 
 ano fo tuoulQ become toiloe, Bcpono Muc is great Cathaya,tbe inhabitants tobereof (as 3! fttp« ® Tm 0,^ 
 
 pofc) toere of oloe time, calico Seres, ifojfcomtljcm arc brought moll ercelletit fiuffes offtlke, 
 
 9no (bid people is calleo Seres of a certain totone in the fame countrcp. J toag crcoiblic infomieo, 
 
 tbac in the faio countrep.tbcre is one totone baiting toailcs of Bluer, ano bultoarkes oj toUiers of 
 
 goloe, 'Cberebemanp p?ouinces in thatlano, tbcgreater part tobereof are not as pet fuboueo 
 
 Ditto the Tartars. 9no amongG * 
 
 Somewhat is wanting. 
 
 Part of the great Charter granted by king Edward the 
 
 fjrjl to the Barons of the Qnqueportes , in the Jixtyeere of his reigm 
 
 1 378. for their good feruices donevnto him by fea: wherein is 
 
 mention of their former ancient Charters from Edward the Cen- 
 
 feflbr JVilliam the Conqucwi s WilIiam r Rufus,HeKrj thefe- 
 
 cond, king Richard the firft, king Iobn, aadHearj 
 
 the third continued vnto them, 
 
 Owardbp the g«« of<Sobl?tngof England.lojO Of Ireland^ Dafte ofGaf- 
 coigne ) toaliarchbtri)ops,^injops J 9bbots 3 ip?io?B ) €arles,15aron0 J 3iutti« 
 ceBj^hirifs.Pjouofls^fficcrs^toallliSapliffesanDtruefHbiectsgrectirg, 
 ©ou (ball knotoe thatfoj the faithftill feruice that our 'Barons of tbefiue 
 pojes hitherto to our pjeDeceffbjs kings of England, a- onto 00 latelp in oue 
 armie of Wales baue Done, ano foj their gooo feruice to bs ano curbetres 
 J kings of England, trulpto be continuco in time tocome, toe hauegratueo? 
 ip this our iijaucr confirmee fojbs ano our beires,to the fame our Barons ano to their heires, 
 all their liberties ano freecomes. g>o that tbep {ball be free from all tell, ano from all cuffome ; 
 that ts to fapfrom alllatfagc, tallage,patfage, cariage,riuage, afponfage, ano from all to?ecke, ano 
 from all their fale, carping ano recarping tbjougb all our realme ano Dominion , toitb focke ano 
 foukctoll ano theme. 3no that thep (ball baue gnfangthcfe,anD that tbep irjall be toicckc tree, la* 
 fla3cfree,anolouecopfrec. 3no that tljcp (ball haucDenne ano §>tranoe at great Yarmouth, ac* ^ t nm«s « 
 coding as it is conupneo in the ojoinancebpbs thereof maocperpetuallp to bee obferueo. 8no s««t Yarmouth 
 alfo that thep are free from all (hires ano bunojeos t fo that if anp perfen toill pleao agaittB them, 
 tbcpfball not auiiftoerenojpleaoeotbertoit'e then thep toere toonttopleaointbe time of the lo?o, 
 king Henrie our great granofather : Sno that thep (hall baue their finoelles in the fea ano in the 
 lano: 3notbat thep be free of all their gooos ano of all their marcbanoifes as our freemen, &no 
 that thep baue their honours in our court, ano their liberties tlnougbout all the lanD toberefocucr 
 tbcpujallcome, 3no that tbep (hall be free fojeucr of all their lanos, tohichin tlje time of lojo 
 Henrie the king our father thep pofletfeo : that istofap in the 44. pere of bis reign, from all maner Henrytett&itB 
 of fummonccs bcfoie our 31ufliccs to anp mancr of pleaoings, ioumeping in tohat (hire foeuer their 
 lanosate. ^othatthepfhallnotbe bouno to come before the 31uflices afojefaio, erccptanpof 
 the fame "Batons doc impleao anp man, 0? if anp man be implcaoeo. Sno that tbep (ball not pleaoe 
 in anp other placc>crcept inhere thep ought, ano inhere tbep toere toont, that is to fap, at s&bepc 1 
 toap. ano that tbep baue their liberties anD feceoomes from bencefaojtlj, as tl;ep ano their 
 pjieDeceffojs baue h^o them at anp time better, mojefullpano bonourablpintbetimeof the kings 
 OfEngIand,Edward,WilliamthC firtt, William the feconD, Henrie the king our great granDfa* Hdwirf tjsco^ 
 tljer,ano in the times of king Richard,ano king Iohnour granofatljers, ano Jojd king Henrie our itSn ' 
 father, bp their Charters { as the fame Charters tobicb the fame our Barons thereof baue , ana 
 tobicb toe h^ue feene,Doe rcafonablp teflifie. Quo toe fojbio that no man bniufUp trouble tljcm no? 
 tbeirmarclianDifebpanourfojfcpcure often pounos. S>o ncucrtheleire.thattohcntije famcBa< 
 ronis iball fapie in oamg of 31«5ice oj in weming of 3[uflice,our C^aroen, ano tfoe toaroens of out 
 
 illi! 
 
n8 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages^ The great flee te of Ed. 3." 
 
 tone. 
 
 Ijci'res of tlje Cinque pojtes/tobichfojtbe time [ball bctbeirpojts ano liberties map enter fpj to 
 &oetljetrfuIl31utt;ce. <§>oalfatljat tfaefapD ISarons atiDtbftcljeircst, DobBtobsaiiDtoourbcirs 
 the «i'mue f kings of En g !and bp tlje peace tbeir full fcruice of 5 7,(l)tppcs at tljeir cofls Up tlje fpace of fifteene 
 ^BoitcB boiiia dapes at our fomounce ,oj at tlje fomounce of our beires, <Hlc baue granteo alfo bnto tljcm of cue 
 &m is owes r P f °' aH S race ( fo at tl W bflIie 2Dutfangtljcfe in tljeir lanes tottijin the $o?ts afojefapo, in toe fame 
 at ttjEit otone manerthat arcljbiujop3 J 15iiIjops,abbots,Carles anD T5aronB,ljaue in their manours in the coun« 
 tie of Sent. Slno tljep be not put inanp Strifes, 3|uries, Of IRe rcgnifanccs bp reafen of tlje ir fop 
 rente tenure againfl tbeir toill : ano that tljep be free of all tljeir otone tomes fo? tobich tljep do tra» 
 tiatlc of our rijbt pjife, tljat is to fap.of one tunne befo?e the maft, ano of anotber bebinb the matte, 
 {ELteljauegranteD furthermore bnto tljefaio 33arongfojbsanDourbcirrs,tljac tbepfojeuerhaue 
 tbislibertp.tljatistofap, ^l;at toe 0? duc fjetres (ball not baue tbetoarDujtp 0? manages of their, 
 rjeircsfaprcafon of tljeir lanDcs, tobicbtbep IjoIdc toitljin the liberties ane Ipojtes afojtefapoe, 
 foj the toljiclj tljep Doe tbeir feruiceafejefapo: anofojtbe tobkbtoccariD our progenitors ban noc 
 the toarotbips anD manages in time patr, 13tittoeotirafo?efnpD confirmation upon tbe liberties 
 ano frecDomcs afojefapoe , anD our grants follotoing to tbem of our efpeciall grace,of netoefcaue 
 catifeb to be maoe/auing altoaics in al things our fcinglp Dignitic : ano fatting bnto tos ano to our 
 beires, plea of our ccotone, life ano member. tKLtherefoje toe toill anD furelp commanD fo? bs ano 
 our beires tljat tljc afojefaiD Karons anD tljeir bcires fo? euer baue all tlje afojefatD liberties ana 
 frecDomcs,astbe afojefaio Charters do reafonablp teSpcanD tljat of our efpecial grace tljep baue 
 otttfangtljcfe in tljeir lanDStoitljin the ISojtsafojefaiD after the mancr that arcljbiujops^ifljops, 
 9bbots,CarIes ano TSaronsijaue in tljeir manours intlje count? of Sent. 9nD tljat tbep be not 
 put in amfes^uries.orEecognifanccsbpreafonoftbcirfojreinetenureagainfl tljeirtoill. 9no 
 that tljep bee free of tljeir otone tomes fo? toljich tljeptrauatle of our right pjiceoj cuttome, that 
 is to Cap of one tunne of toine befoje tljemafle, ano ofanoiberumnebebtnce tlje matte. QlnBtbac 
 lifeetoifefojeuertbep baue tlje Iibcrtie afojefapoe: tljatistofap: 'Sljattoee ano our beires baue: 
 not the toaroujips 0? manages of tljeir beires bp reafon of tljeir Ianbes toljich tljep boloe toich= 
 in tlje liberties ano ipojtes afojefapD 3 foj toljich tbepooe tbeir feruice afojefaio, anD fo? tohicb toee 
 anD our pjeDecelTojs tlje toaroujips ano manages Ijauc not Ijao in times patt, 15ut our afo?efapa 
 confirmation ofthctr liberties ano freeoomesafojefaiD ano other grants follotoiiigto themofouc 
 efpeciall grace of neto toe baue caufcD to bee maoe, ^auing altoapes anD m all things our regall 
 trignitp. 9no fauing bnto bs ano our Ijeires tlje pleas of our crotone of life ano member as is a* 
 fojefapo. ©befebemg toitneffes, the reuereno father Eobert of \po?tuens Caroinall of tjjeholie 
 Crjurclj ot ftome, frier William of Southhampton pjioj poumcial of tlje friers p?cacljers in 
 EngIand,William of Valencia our bncle.Roger of the DeaDfea, Roger of Clifford, Spatter Ro- 
 beit Samuel Deane of Sarum, Scatter Robert of Scarborough tlje 9rchDeacon of Catt Riding, 
 S^afler RobcitofSeyton.Bartholomew Of SouthleyJ homas ofWayland, Walter of Hoptan, 
 Thomas of Normannel, Steuen of Pennefter, Frances of Bonaua , lohn of Lenetotcs, Iohn of 
 Metingham ano others, ©inert bp our bano at SUeflmintter t&e fourteenth cap of aune, in tbe 
 Cjtt b peace of our reigne, 
 
 ThomasWal- 
 Jinshainttmttrjj 
 ? l!c IiaD rnce 
 iioo.ttrong 
 fl)tj> pes. 
 
 The roll of the huge fleete of Edwardtht third be- 
 
 fore Caliceyxfcatf in the kings great wardrobe in London, 
 
 whereby the wonderfull ftrength of England by 
 
 fea in chofc dayes may appearc. 
 
 The South fleete. 
 
 Th C Kings {|Sg 
 
 London 
 
 Ailefoid 
 
 dt.Mowe. Hoo 
 
 J §>fjt'ppcs 
 1 Spariner* 
 
 $ S)ljtPPC0 
 
 I spanner? 
 
 f ^bippes 
 1 Sparineri* 
 
 Maydftonc{m 
 
 
 25. 
 
 Hooe I ©hrppes 
 Ha F 1 Mariners 
 
 2. 
 
 59* 
 
 ay. 
 
 662, 
 
 NcwHithc^Igg, 
 
 5* 
 49. 
 
 2* 
 34. 
 
 .. S ^bippes 
 ***&* \ fanner* 
 
 **• 
 
 J 60 f 
 
 2. 
 
 24. 
 
 »* J S>bippes 
 IMotue i miRtt 
 
 3, 
 
 22, 
 
 2. 
 
 sn 
 
 *HSR 
 
 3. 
 
 Sandwich 
 
 * 
 
^hegreatfleete of Ed. % . Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 1 1 9 
 
 III! 
 
 Sandw.ch -^ gparmcris 
 
 Doucr 
 
 Wight 
 
 1 S^artneriS 
 J &&tp!S 
 
 Winchel%{|^ rjJ 
 
 Waymouth|^jgj W 
 
 _ ffebtpsJ 
 
 L y mc l spanners* 
 
 1 Spariniris 
 
 . , . J &rjipsS 
 Jydmouth |p^ M 
 
 Seton 
 
 Exmouih 
 
 5 &&ips 
 I sparine^ 
 
 Tegmouth^^ 
 Partmouth||g trt 
 Portfaouth^* 
 
 . $$xitiw 
 
 PJimouth 
 
 Loo 
 
 Yalme 
 
 ^Fowey 
 Briftol 
 
 s 
 
 I Sgtor.iner$j 
 
 f^fa'pS 
 
 1 S^arinetst 
 
 \ Spanner** 
 
 5 &f)ips 
 1 farmer** 
 
 J ^ipjj 
 1 fanner* 
 
 Hading 
 
 Romney 
 Ryc 
 
 5 ferjipsf 
 1 Spanner* 
 
 f &hips$ 
 isparinerai 
 
 J ^hip* 
 l qpacmctss 
 
 2Z, 
 504, 
 
 id. 
 
 2 20, 
 
 2<5j t 
 
 4» 
 
 62. 
 
 a. 
 
 ■3«« ■ 
 62, 
 
 10, 
 i?3« 
 
 7* 
 
 120. 
 
 31. 
 
 7J7. 
 
 ft 
 
 $><*♦ 
 
 2^. 
 
 603, 
 
 SO, 
 3IS. 
 
 2* 
 47. 
 
 47* 
 77°« 
 
 22, 
 
 608, 
 
 2« 
 2J« 
 
 4» 
 65, 
 
 9. 
 
 XS<5. 
 
 •Or.Foy. 
 
 Hiche 
 
 1 Sparincw 
 
 lSJ9arirrer$ 
 
 JSoford 
 
 Ncwmouth^^ 
 
 Hamowl 
 
 Siooke 
 
 SpartnersJ 
 f &{jipsi 
 
 X Sparincrjs 
 
 Hoke i **** 
 ■ c \sp«Kun$ 
 
 Sbuthhap- J >&>l)tp0 
 ton \ Spanners 
 
 Leyming- J^htpSJ 
 10a "\ Spawtict JJ 
 
 Poole £ **** 
 10016 \ partners* 
 
 «<{§&» 
 
 ^Patricke- f &fn'pg'' .' 
 flowc ^ sparinerss 
 
 Polcrwaa J *&**• 
 1 Spanners 
 
 WadworthJ^W* 
 
 Kardift 
 
 fanners 
 I SParinerfJ 
 
 Bridgwater J * W ?* 
 s 1 spanners 
 
 Kacrmar- J &f)tpsS 
 then 1 SparinenS 
 
 Cailcchef- V ^t'p« 
 worth \ Spanner* 
 
 Summeofthe J f§)rjip8. 
 South flectc 1 scanner?; 
 
 6, 
 
 122, 
 
 20, 
 3 *°. 
 
 80! ^ Scrorf ' 
 
 18. 
 7. 
 
 11. 
 
 208, 
 
 21. 
 flf* 
 
 9* 
 I5P 
 
 4* 
 
 3* 
 
 5°' 
 
 r. 
 
 & 
 
 7P» 
 
 2. 
 27, tOr.Padflw, 
 
 6o« 
 
 l» 
 »4» 
 
 i» 
 S»« 
 
 r« 
 
 i. 
 1. 
 
 12. 
 
 I* 
 I*, 
 
 49? 
 
 9 6 i° 
 
 , 
 
 TheNorth fleets 
 
 * mbur s h {& 
 
 J. 
 
 New«ftlc|£ l Sf. 
 
 *7» 
 314. 
 
 Walcrich 
 
120 The Englifti Voyages, VhegreatfleeteofEd.^ 
 
 Stodkitb 
 
 '!! ! 
 
 C « 
 
 Wakrich \^ mtX9 
 
 HeniI P oolc||^ rt 
 
 Hull 
 
 Yorke 
 
 Raucnfcr 
 
 JS&tps 
 1 ^artier* 
 
 £&I)tp* 
 1 Spanners* 
 
 U,:-, : 
 
 Woodhoufcj^^ 
 Strokhitbc \^»WM« 
 
 Barton 
 
 1 Spanner* 
 
 SwIncflcet 4^SrsJ 
 
 Saltfleec 
 
 Grimesi 
 
 J &rjtp$ 
 xqjjarineris 
 
 °y \ farmer* 
 Wayacflcc^lg^ 
 
 Wrangle 
 
 1 Spanners* 
 
 40r^,inne, fLenne 
 
 s 
 
 I Spariner* 
 
 *«** {|S 
 
 Spartaer* 
 
 Scarbo- 
 rough 
 
 5< 
 
 1 Sparing 
 
 it ^-Y«h{^ 
 
 IOJO 
 
 145. 
 
 460", 
 
 ' 
 
 I* 
 
 . 
 
 I. 
 
 »7* 
 i* 
 
 22, 
 
 u 
 
 10, 
 
 Donwich 
 
 Orford 
 
 Goford 
 
 Hetwich 
 Ipfwich 
 Mcrfey 
 
 I farmer* 
 
 I febipa 
 
 1 partners 
 
 5' 
 
 1 Spanner* 
 
 J S>fHp* 
 l spanners* 
 
 J &ljtpa 
 1 Spanners* 
 
 5 §>&ips 
 l spanners* 
 
 j^NowSntkeirqr.Brightling-J ^>rjtp0 
 
 fcy 1 Spanners* 
 
 Whhbanes^^* 
 
 30. 
 i« 
 
 - ?* 
 
 49. 
 
 »7». 
 
 3, 
 
 x. 
 
 h 
 
 itf. 
 
 382, 
 
 a. 
 
 i« 
 
 Maiden 
 
 Dcrwen 
 
 partner* 
 
 5 s>f)tps 
 
 1 Spartnens 
 
 5 
 
 l garment 
 
 Boflon 
 
 5 
 
 1 partners 
 
 Swinhum- % £brjtp:S 
 ber ispariner* 
 
 Barton 
 
 J §>ljips$ 
 1 Spanners* 
 
 TheSummeofthe| !§>rjtps 
 Nonhflectc 1 farmers 
 
 4?» 
 0} I0 7 f. 
 
 <?. 
 X02. 
 
 ?♦ 
 tfz, 
 
 »*• 
 
 303. 
 
 *4. 
 
 283. 
 
 1* 
 
 *39« 
 
 1. 
 
 6. 
 
 5. 
 61. 
 
 S* 
 
 00. 
 
 tt 
 
 »7* 
 *» 
 
 3»» 
 x« 
 
 *7« 
 
 361, 
 
 ». 
 
 !*• 
 
 J* 
 fSl 
 
 *I7« 
 4J»* 
 
 The fumme totall of all the J S>htptf 7°°» 
 
 Englilhflcete ityswtx* M 1 ? 1 - 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Eftrangers their fhips and mariners. 
 
 Baron 1*®P ** 
 
 Sparrows* 
 
 I 
 
 7« 
 184. 
 
 Gclderlan 4S&rsJ 
 
 ThefuramcofaJlthcEilrangers IS^, 
 
 38. 
 805, 
 
 >33* 
 
 ii 
 
 »4» 
 
 Cte 
 
■ -I 1.1 — » » ■ ■ — I..I ^ ■ I ■ • ■ * ■■■ J . , e _ _ '—"'.,— «^i I ■ I ■A.P. I II !■■! ■"» 
 
 &r. 3 ♦C/razf Fte. Tratfiques, and Difcoueries. izi 
 
 Tipe fummeof erpcafcs al'iuell ot wages, $ pjetts, as fojitije erpenfes of cokings tjoufes", 
 ana foj other gifts ana rerDaras,fi)tppcs ano other things neccflarp to the parties of prance 
 anajftornianaie, anabefojeCalke , During-the Gore there, as itappcaretbtmbeaccomptsof 
 William Nor wel Keeper of t'oc kings JClarajobe.from the 2 1 . trap of Spjil mthc 1 8 pcerc of the 
 r«'<pte of the fain king , bnto the foure ano twentieth trnp of ji2o«euiber in the one ano twentieth. 
 pecreof^3reigHe,isiii.l)unD?ei[)it:rrbii,tl)Oufaucii,ir.0,ii!!,tj, 
 
 A note out of Thomas Walfingham touching the huge Fleete of 
 
 , eleuen hundred well fuwified fiips wherewith king Edward the third faffed oner 
 vnto Calais in the yeere 1 3 5 p. 
 
 ANno gratia? 1 3 jp.Iohannes Rex Francise Tub vmbra pacis,& dolofe obtulit Regi Anglias 
 Flandriarri,Picardiam, Aquitaniam,aliafque terras quas equitaucrat & vaftarat : pro qui- 
 bus omnibus ratificandisidem Rex Edwardus in Franciam nuncios fuos direxitjquibus omni- 
 bus Franci contradixerunt. Vnde moms Rex Anglig, celeriterfe&fuospra:parauitadtranf- 
 fretandum,ducens iecum principem Wallia? Ed wardum iuuni primogenitum, ducem Hcnri- 
 cum Lancaitrif ,& fere procefes cmnes.quos'comitabantur vel iequcbatur pcene mille currus, 
 habukquc apud Sahwicum inflrudtas optime vndecies centum naues, & cum hoc apparatu ad 
 bumiliandum Francorum faftum Franciam nauigauit,relidto domino Thoma de Wooodftoc k 
 filio ibo iuniore admodumparuuIo,Anglijiregnicuftode, fub tutela tamen. 
 
 The fame in Englifh . 
 
 Ijathcpcereof our£o?a 1359. Iohn theFrench kins erafttfp, ana bnaerpjetence of peaces 
 Offereb DlUO Edwardtrje tljt'rD king Of England, Flanders, Picardie,Gaicoigne 5 anD Otljer tcr» 
 
 ritojies which be bao fpopleti ano toaileD : fo? tfje ratifying of Which agreement, the fojefaia king 
 Edward fent his ambaflaoojis into France, but the Frenchmen gatnfaieo them in all their articles 
 ana aemaunas, thereupon the king of England being pjouokea, fpeeatlp p?cparca himfelfe ann 
 his forces to trotfc the feas, carping With him Edward pjince of Wales his heire apparant , anrj 
 Henry Duke of Lancaster anD almofi all his jftobleSjWitb a thoufana Wagons ano cartes attcnaing 
 bponthem, 3na the fata king baa at Sandwich ctcuenbimDjeDihips eicceeainglpwdlfiiruithea: 
 tottbiarjicl) preparation tje paffeD oucr tfje feas, to abate the Frenchmen arrogancie: Ieauing 
 his pongee tonne Thomas of Woodftocke, beingbcrp tenser of age , as bisbiccgcrem in the 
 Sealme of England ; albeit not Without a pwteccour,?c. 
 
 The voyage of Nicholas de Lynna a Francifcan Frier,and an excel- 
 lent Mathematician of Oxford, to all the (Regions fituate ynder the 
 
 North pole, in the yecre 1 3 60. and in the raigne of Edward the 3 . king of England, 
 
 ' Vod ad defcriptionem partium Septenttionalium attinet, eamnosaccipi- srse tooibg of 
 mus exltinerario IacobiCnoyen Bufcoducenfis.qui quidam exrebus eeflis <lm * !Ma - 
 
 « l_ • D • • ■ • J . w, , ° cator.m the 
 
 Artnuri Dnranniatat,maioremautempartem & potiora, aSacerdote quo- footeof D10 
 j dam apud Regem Noruegia:, An, Dom.i 3 64. didicit. Defcenderat is ex illis j?™"^?^' 
 IquosArthurusadhashabicandasinfulasmiierat, &referebat,An,i35o.Mi- tcriptfsnof 
 ' noritam quendam Anglum Oxonienfem Mathematicum in eas inliilas ve- p^Bs, 1 * 
 nifle, ipiifquereliaisadvlterioraartcM3gicaprofe6ludefcripfiireomnia J & Aftrolabiodimen- 
 fum efle in hanc fubie&am form am fere,vti ex Iacobo collegimus. Euripos illos quatuor dice- 
 bat tauto impctu ad interbrem voraginem rapi, vt naues femel ingreflk nullo vento retroagi 
 poiTent,neque ver6vnquamtantumibiventumeiTe,vtmokfrumentariecircumagenda;fufTl- 
 ciat. Simillima his habct Giraldus Cambrenfis (qui floruit, An* 1 2 1 o.) in hbro de mirabilibus 
 Hybernis.fic enimfctibit.NonproculabiijfulisHebridibus,lflandia,&c.ex parte Boreali,eft 
 maris quidam miranda vorago,in quam aremotispartibus omnes vndiquefludtus marinitan- 
 quam ex condifto fluunt, & recurrunt, qui in fecreta nature penecralia fc ibi transfundentes, 
 
 quafi in Aby ffum vorantur. Si veio nauem hac forte tranfire contigerit, tantarapitur,& attrahi- 
 Birfludtuum violentia,vt earn flatim irreuocabiliter vis vorackatis abforbear. 
 
 Qjiatuorvoragines huiusOceani, a quatuor oppofitis mundi partibus Philofophi defcri- 
 bunt,vnde & tam marinos fiuc^us, quam & ^Eolicos flatus caufaliter peruenire nonnulli con- 
 ie<ftant, 
 
 L The 
 
IZZ 
 
 The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, 3\(jc.de Lin. 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 T©ucljingtljebefcriptionof trjejaojtlj parte* , a&auetaften tljc fame out of tlje toopage of 
 lames Cnoycn of Ipart^euau iMfcc, toljicb alleagetlj certaine tonquefts of Srtijutkmgof 
 15?itamc: ann tbe moa part.ano cfeicfcfl tbtngs among rije retf,lje Icarnco of accrtaine pjit fi in tfje 
 king of fl2o^apes courtfn tbe peere 1364, 3Dbfe pjiett toafl&efcenbcbfrom tbem toljitfjWng 
 9rtbur Ijao fent to mljaoite tbeft Jiflantus, ano Ijc repo jtco tfjac in tlje peerc 13 <5o,a certaine €ng= 
 lift jf rier, a jTrancifcan, ans a Spattjematician of £>rfo?o , came into tftofe aflanbs.toljo leaning 
 sbem.anb palling further bp bis S^agicall 9r t c, befcribeb all t fee fc p lac es tljat Ijf fame, ants toctte 
 tbebeig&t of tbemtoitbbfeSflroIabe, accojbing totrjefomwtrjae 3 (GctaidMcrcator) baue fee 
 botone inmpmappe, ano as 31 &aue taken it out of tjjeafojefaio lames Cnoyen* ipcefapo tljat 
 tbofe foure Inbjaugbts ttete ojaione into an intnaro gulf c 0; tofjirlepooIe.Uiitlj fo great a fo?ee , 
 tljat trje ftips afticlj once entreo therein, coulb bp no meanes be ojiuen backe againe.anb t bat tfjer t 
 is ncuer in trjofe par ess fo muclj mince blotting, as migrjt be f ufficic w to Djtue a Come mill* 
 
 Giraldus Cambrenfis (toljo flo jifljcC in tbe pecre 1 2 1 o, tonncr {ting J ohn ) in Ijifl bookc of t(je 
 miracles of 3Irelano,l>atb certaine toojos altogether alike ttiitrj tbefe* videlicet : 
 
 jftot fane from tbefe 3lflancst (namelp tbe Ijebjioes^Hano scOtotoaros tlje j3o?t& trjere is a 
 certaine tooonoerful toljirlpoole of t be fea,torjcr cint all 1 b t toauc 2 of tlje fea from farre banc t heir 
 courfe ano rccourfe.ass it inert toithcut ffoppe : toljiclj, tljerc conueping tfcemfelucs into tbe fecrec 
 receptaclesof nature, are frjjallotoeo bp.asit toere.into a bottomleffe pit,ano if it chance tfeat anp 
 ftippe Doe pafle fljia toap,it is pullco.ano o?atocn toitij fucb abiolcnce of tlje toaucs,t bat eftfoor.es 
 toitbout remeop.tbe fojee of tlje toljirlepoole oeuouretb tbe fame. 
 
 Cbe ipijilofopbers oefcribe foure inojaugbts of this ©cean fea,intbe foure oppoftte quarters 
 of tbe too jlo /torn tobencc manp Doe coniecture that as tocll tbe flotomg of tbe fea, as tije blatts of 
 tbe toinoe, Ijauc their 6rtt ojiginall, 
 
 A Tcflimonic of the learned Mathematician matter 
 
 lohn Dee 3 touching the fore/aid voyage of 
 Nicholas De Linna. 
 
 Nno 1 3 6o.( ctjac is to toit.in tbe ?4.peere of tlje reigne of the triumphant king 
 Edwardtbetbiro) afrierof SDrfojo, beuigagoooaSronomer.tocntmcompa* 
 nie toitlj otbers to tbe moC jT5o?tb?en 3]Hanos of tbe too?lo , ano tbcre leauing 
 bis companp togetber , rjee trauatlcu alone, anc purpofelp ccfcribco all tbe 39o?« 
 ^ ■ tberne aflanos, toitb tbe innjatoing feas: ano tbe recojo tbcreof at rjis returne tje 
 BeliuereBtoTbe king Of England, ^be name of toljicb bookeiS InuentioFonunata(aliter for- 
 tuni)qui liber incipic a gradu 54- vfque ad polum. a&bicb frier fo? funbjp purpofeS after t&at 
 nil) fiue times pau'e from England tbitber, ano ljomeag;atne» 
 
 31tts(tobe noteMjat from tlje banen of 3Linnein5i5o?fo!ke (toljcreof tlje fojefaio francifan 
 friercooke bis name) to 3lUano.it is not aboue a fo?tnigbts failing toitlj an ojbinarie toinbe, anB 
 jjatbbene of manp peeres a berp common anb bfuall trace : toburrj furtljer appearctb bp tbe p?i= 
 uileges grantee to tlje JFifijermen of tbe totone of ^lacknie in tbe faib Countie of jao?folke , bp 
 king eotoarti tlje tljirs, fo? tljeir ejeemption ano freebome from Ijis o^tiinarp feruice, in refpect of 
 tjieir trabe to 3flan&. 
 
 The voyage of Henry Earle of Dcrbie, after Duke of 
 
 Hereford jtnd lastly king ofEngUnd,by the name of Henry 
 
 the fourth, An^Dom. 1390. into Pruflia and 
 
 Lettowe, againft thcinfidels,recor- 
 
 dedby Thomas of Wal- 
 
 fingham, 
 
 Dominus Henricus Comes de Derbie per idem tempus ptofefluseftinle 
 Pruys, vbi cumadjutorio marcfcalli di6lse patrix , & cujufdam Regis vocati 
 Wytot deuicit exercitum Regis de Lettowe, captisquatuorducibus, & tii- 
 bus peremptis, & amplius quam treccntis , de valentioribus exercitus fupra- 
 diftipariterimeremptis. Ciuitas quoquc vocaturflWill, in cujus caficllum 
 Rex de Lettowe nomine Skirgallcconfugerac, potcnti virtutedifti Comitis 
 
 maxima 
 
 Qhrreiaano* 
 tabic tutlitU- 
 poole on (De 
 waft of jf&oH. 
 toap,caIlcB 
 SgalcrtcanBe, 
 about tbe la* 
 tttulie of 63. 
 
 SnaentioFor- 
 
 Bdvrwdi uiti;. 
 
 An.D0m.1390, 
 
 |Alw Vita. 
 
Hen.ear.ofDer. Trafriques^ancl Diicoueries. ~ 123 
 
 maxime , acque fuorum capta clt. Namque qui tuerunt de familia fua primimurum al- 
 cendcrant, & vexillum ejus fuper muros,N cstcris yei torpentibus yel ignorantibus , pofue- 
 runt. Captaque funt ibi vel occifa quatuar milliaplebanorum, fratre Regis de Poleyn inter 
 caueros ibi perempto , qui aduerfarius noim fiiir. ObfeiTumquc fuit caltrum dicla: Ciuita- 
 tis perquinque hebdomadas : Sed propter infirmitateSjquibus vexabatur exercitus magiftri 
 dc Pruys & de Lifland noluerunt diutius expeftare. Fadli f unt Chnftiani de gente de Lettovve 
 odto. Etmagifterde Lifland duxitfecum in fuampacriam tria millia eaptiuorum* 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 ATSaut tbe fame time L. Henty tlje CEarle of Derbie trauatleb into Pruflia, tubcre, toitlj tlje 
 belpe of tbe Sparlljall of tlje fame IPjouince, ano of a ccrtaine king calico Wy tot, rjee uan» 
 quiujeDtbearmicof tljekingof Lettowe, uritlj tljecaptutiticoffoureLithuanianDukes, aim 
 tbe flaugbter of tb?ee , befiDesmojc tljen t(j?ce bunojeo of tbe pjincipall common fouloicrs of 
 tbefapoarmie toljiclj ttcreflainc. ^t Citiealfo tobiclj is calico Wil o? Vilna, into tlje cattle 
 toljereof tbekingof Lcttow nameo Skirgalie fleofoj rjisfauepjaro, toag, bp tljebalourof tbe 
 lapo «£arlecfpeciallp ano of bis follotoers, furpjifeo ano taken* jfo? certaine of tbe cljiefe men 
 of Ijis familie, toljile otljers mere fiotitrjfull o? at leatt ignorant of tljeir intent, fftaltng trje 
 topics, arjuanceo Ijis colours thereupon. SUid tljere mere taken ano flame foure trjoufanti of 
 tlje common fouloiers, aim amongtt ottjers Haas fiaine tlje king of Poland his bptber, toija 
 teas our p?ofeflcrj enemie. StoB tlje cattle of tlje foyefato Citie teas ucScgcD foj trje fpacc of fiue 
 toeekes: but bp reafon of tbe infirmities ano inconueniences toherenjitbtbetnljolearmie mass 
 annopcD, tlje great mailers of Prutfia ano of Lifland tooulo notttapanp longer, Cljcre toere 
 comterten of tlje nation of Lettowecigfjtperfonsrjnto tlje <£b?ttttan faitlj, Sno tlje mailer of 
 Lifland cacrteo Ijome vuttlj him into Ijis counttep tljjcc tljoufanD captiues. 
 
 The voyage of Thomas otVVooiflocke Duke of Glo- 
 
 cefterinto Pruflia, in theyeere 13 pi. written 
 by Thomas Walfingham. 
 
 'Odem tempore dux Glouernia; Dominus|j Thomas de Woodftock, multis yFiiiusnatuniU 
 I racerentibus, iter apparauic versus le Pruys : quern non Londinenfium »c- nin >«*E*lwardi3 4 
 mitus.non communis vulgimoeror rerinerepoterant, quin proficifci vellet, 
 ^Nam plebs communii tarn Vrbana quam ruftica mctiiebant qupdeo ab- 
 ifentealiquodnouumdetrimentumfuccrefcerec, quo prafente nihil tale ti« 
 > mcbant. Siquidem in eo fpes & folatium totius patriae tepofita videbantur, 
 Ipfe verb mox,vt fines patrise fuse tranfijt, ilIicbaduerfaagitatusfortuna,nunc hac nunc iliac 
 turbinibus procellofis circumfertur; & in tantum deftituitur, vt de vita etiam defperaret. 
 Tandem poft Daciam, poft Norwagiajn, poft Sc'oticam barbariem non fine mortis pauote 
 
 KanfcurfamjperuenitNorthumbriam.&adcaftellumfecontulitdeTinnemuthavelutaflylunj 
 antiqnitusnorumfibi: vbi per aliquot dies recreatus, iter aflumpfit verfus manerium fuum 
 de Plaftiy , magnum apportans gaudium toti regno, tarn dc ejus euafione, quam dc ad- 
 ucntu fuo. 
 
 R&iitffl, 
 
 A 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 % tlje fametime tljeDtike of Glocefter ILojo Thomas of Woodrtock (thepongett femne 
 of Edward tlje thtrrj)to tlje great griefe of nwnp,tooke bisiourncptouiartis Pruffia : tuijom 
 tteitljer trje Londoners moncs no? pet tbe lamentation of tbe communaltie coulorellraine from 
 bis tntenoeo erpeoition* jfoj tbe common people botlj of tlje Citic aim of tbecountrep feareo 
 led in bis abfence Tome nctoe calamitiemigbt Ijappen; tobicljtljepfeareDnottoljilc betoaspje» 
 fent. ^0? inljt'm tbe biljole nation feemeo to repofe tbeitbope ano comfort, iponibcit baiting 
 fkarce paHeoaspettlje bounos of Ijisotone counttep, Ijeluas immeoiatlp bp Ijarofojtunetoflerj 
 bp anu Dotonettiitlj Dangerous Cojmes ant>tempefls,aitulDas b?otigljtinto fucljDiaccuejtbatbe 
 tiefpaireijeuenof Ijisotonelife. 9t lengtlj, Ijauing not toitljout Danger of oeatb, faileo along tbe 
 
 COafleS Of Denmarke, Norway, and Scotland, berctumeD into Northumberland , anD toenC 
 
 to tbe caBIe of Tinmouth as Dnto a place of tcfugc knotoen of oloe unto btm : iBrjerc, after bee 
 &ap refrcujea bimfelfe a fetoe Dapes, bee tooke bis iottrnep tomam bis 2©annour of Plafliy, 
 Ringing great top Unto tbe to&ole Umgoome, aftoeii in regaro uf bis fafetie as of Ijis returne, 
 
 JL a The 
 
 .yi \, 
 
^ 
 
 — — — — — — i -■■ ■— i .. .... ■■ M^wwuj^a 
 
 iz/j. TheEngMiVoyages,Nauigations, Gef.Cba.En.Kn. 
 
 The vcrfes of Geofrey Chaucer in the knights Prologue, who 
 lifting in tbeyeere 1402. ( as bee wrketb himfelfe in bis Epistle of Cufi&e) 
 fhewed chac the EngliQi Knights after the lcflc of Aeon, wcie wont in his nn-.e to 
 trauaile into Pruflia and Lettowc, and other heathen lands, to adu.ncc theChri- 
 ftian faith againft Infidels and mifcrcanrs,and to feeke honour by feats ofajracs. 
 
 The Englijb Knights Prologue, 
 
 &nir# there toas, ano that a too?ttjie man, 
 
 that from the time that he firft began 
 
 to rioen out,he loueo Cheualrie, 
 
 troutb, honour, frceoome, ano Curteffe, 
 
 fulltoojthptoagbein higiojois toarre: 
 ano theretohaD hee riooenno man farre, 
 song rtaiiafl*. 3s toell in CbMflenoomeas in J^eatbennefle, 
 
 ano euer bao honour fb j his too jtbineue, 
 mirtmm- 3t aw andre bee tuas, toben tt toas toonne : 
 full oft time hee ban tbe bourb begon 
 abouen all nations in J|? jute, 
 i«i»tpe,Kn«. 3Jn Lettowc bao bee rioen, ana t'n&uce, 
 no Chnffen man fo oft of bis oegree : 
 31nGranadc at the liege bao he bee 
 Sit Algczcr: ano rtOOcninBelmarye: 
 9t Leycs toafi bee, aim alfo at Satalye, 
 tohen tbep toere toonne : ano in the great fee 
 at man? a poble armtc harj (jee bee 
 at mojtall battailes bao be bin fifteene, 
 3no foitgbten fo } our fat'tb at Tramiffen, 
 in Iiffc0 tb?ies, ano ape flapne bis 6k : 
 
 ©bis tike too jtbic SSnigbt ban bin alio, 
 fometime toith tbe lojo of || Palathye 
 apenii another heathen in Turkic. 
 
 aigcjer in 
 
 «Eranabo. 
 lapaa in itto 
 menta. 
 
 Fioyfarc.lib.J. 
 
 Natalie in ttic 
 mapne of 3t tia 
 
 sitrcc liiJOOs. 
 Trtmifcn 10 III 
 
 25atbanc. 
 
 8 Or, Palice 
 J-roy far : lib. J, 
 cap.40. 
 Turkic. 
 
 'Silt rime 
 
 SDJOtf , is tt)U8 
 
 niemioiuD in 
 iftccnbof bis 
 Itttrr of £u> 
 
 pioc. 
 
 JUt?itten in the luttie monetb of 9pap 
 in our palace, tobere manp a million 
 of loiters true hatte habitation, 
 ©be peere of grace topfull ano iocono, 
 atljoutano,foure Ijuudjcd ano fccono, 
 
 The on'ginal,proceedingsandfucceflc of the Northren 
 
 domeftical and forren trades and trafEques of this Ifleof 
 Britain from the time efTfjro the Emperour, veho deceafed in the 
 yeerc of our Lord 70. vnder rhc Romans,Britons,Saxons, and 
 Danes,till the conquelt: and from the conqueft,vntill 
 this prefent time, gathered out of the moft 
 authenticall hiftories and records 
 of this nation. 
 
 A teftimonic out of the fourteenth Booke of the Annales 
 
 of Cornelius Tacitus, proouing London to haue bene a famous Mart 
 Towne in the rcignc of Nero the Emperour, which died in the yeete of 
 
 Ghrift 70, 
 
 SfSSfS Suetonius mira conftantia medios inter hoftes Londinium perrexit, cognomento 
 Spffii quidem colonix non infignc , fed copia negociatorum & comeatu maximc eclebre* 
 
 The lame in Englifh. 
 
 B<3t Suetonius toith toonoerfull conffaneie pafleo t&jough the iimmelr of bis cnemiest, 
 onto London j tohich though, it i»ere not fyonoureu toith. tbe name ano title of a 
 
 Roroaae 
 
n, - ii - m ii m '"~ ' " — * 
 
 for.Mag.Ojfa. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 12,5 
 
 Romane Colonic , pet uias it moft famous fi>$ uiultitiuje of Sgarcbants ano cuncourle 
 of people* 
 
 A teftimonie out of Venerable Beda ( which died in the yeere JgSSSJj" 
 
 of our Lord 7 34.~) froouing London tohauebene aCitie of 'great traffike f^ubt^'i 
 and Marchandize not long after the beginning of the Saxons reigne. 
 
 ' Nno Dominica: incarnationis fexcentefimo quartoiAuguflinus Britannia- 
 
 'rum Archiepifcopusordinauit duos Epifcopos.Mellitum videlicet &Iuftum. 
 
 iMellitum quidem ad prsedicanduni prouincise Orientalium Ssxonum, qui 
 
 Tamefi fluuio dirimuntur a Cantia, & ipfi Orientah Mari contigui, quo- 
 
 > rum Metropolis Londonia Ciuiras eft, fuperripam prsefati fluiiiinis pofi.a, 
 
 & lpla multotum emporium populorum,terra marique veniemium. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 1315 the peere of trje incarnation of Cb?i(l 604. 9ttguttinc archbifijop of Britaine confeccv 
 ten turn Bifhops , to toit Mellitus ann Iuftus. ij3e appopntea Mellitus to p jeach. to the €titt 
 Saxons, tohicli are tjiutoeo from Kent bp the riuer of Chames, ana bo?oer upon the £atf erne 
 fea, Uibofe clnefe arm 9j)ecropolitanc Citiels London, (eaten bpontfce banke of tlje afo?efapo 
 riuer, tobicb isaltb aSgterte qtotoneofmanp nations, tuhicb repapje tlnther bp fea ana 
 bplaiur. 
 
 The league betweene Quoins Magnus and Offa King of 
 
 Mercu concerning fafe trade of the English Mar chants 
 in all the tinpeiours Dominion. This Offa 
 died in the yeere of our Lord 
 
 IFfa intcrea Carolum magnum Regem Francorum frequentibus legationi- mmibir.it 
 I bus amicum parauic: quamuis non facile quod fuis artibus conduceret in Ca- K ei,i , s Re K"™ 
 
 .. . . * . *_ .. r 1 1 ... Anglorum lib, s. 
 
 Irohanimoinuenent. Dilcordarunt antea.adeo vt magnis motibus vtrobi- cs P . 4 , 
 
 j que concurrentibus,etiam negociatorum commeatus prohiberentur«EftEpU 
 
 fftola Albinibuiufcerei index, cuius partem hie apponam. 
 
 • Nefcio quid de nobis venturum fir. Aliquid enim diflentionis diabolTco 
 fbmento inflammante, nuper inter Regem Carolum & Regem Offam exortum eft : ita vt v- 
 ttinque naui gatio interdicia negocian tibus ceffet, Sunt qui dicant nos pro pace in illas partes Naui^atta to , 
 mittendos. Etnonnullis interpofitis, Nunc, inquic, ex verbis Carolifcedus firmum inter , " dia '" 
 eum & Offam compa&um fubijeiam. Carolus gratia Dei Rex Francorum, & Longobardo. m 
 rum,&patriciusRomanorum, virovenerando&fratri chanfllmo Ofe Regi Merciorum fa* 
 lutein, Primo gratias agimus omnipotent deo, de falute animarum, de Catholics fidei 
 finceritate, quam inveftris laudabilitcrpaginisreperimusexaratam. De peregrinisvero qui 
 proamore Dei,& falute animarum fuarum beatorum Apoitolorum limina defiderant adire, 
 cum pace fine omniperturbationevadant. Sed fialiqui, non religioni feruientes , fedlucra 
 fe£tantes,inueniantur inter eos,locis opportunis ftatuta foluant telonia.Negociatores quoque «„„• t 
 volumus vt ex mandato noftro patrocinium habeant in Regno noftro legitime. Et fi aliquo A.igiicanomm 
 loco iniuftaaffliganturopprciTione,icclament ad nos vel noftros iudices, & plcnam videbi- P 500 "™"™' 
 mus iuftitiam fieri. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 113 the meane feafon ©ffa bp often legacies fbliciteu Charles Ic maigne ttje king of France, 
 to be hisfriem>: albeit hecouto not eaGlp untie king Charles anp tohit encitneo to further 
 ami promote bis craftie attempts, ^heitminrjestnerefo alienate* befo?e,tbju, bearing Ijatttp 
 ftomacrtsonbotbparts,eitentbemutuaIItraffique of their ^arcbantstoaapjohibiteo. 'SLlje •srarnqiKina. 
 Cptttleof Albinusis afufncttntteuHinonpofthismattcnparttobereofatotiirjereptttoonine, ft' 6 '" - 
 
 3 knotonot (quoth he) inbattotfl become of bs* jFo£ there ts of late, bptbeinOigation of the 
 scuiH, fome Dtfcojo ano Dariance tpjttng bp bctincenc bins Charles anD king Offa : jnlbimiclj 
 
 % 3 tbat 
 
 1 
 
« league l)c> 
 lUlcrnc Carol. 
 
 Mag.allD K.Offa. 
 
 iz 6 The EngIifliVoyages,S<*a:0» /«»«■. Emp.Qon. K^.Qanu 
 
 ^ '"iDoeii " c ^ at fa ' li "3 t0 anD fr0 ' s fo^biDDen ijnto tbe £parcbants of botlj tbeir Dominions, £| ome fr.p that 
 tee are to be fent, foi the obtaining of a peace, into tljofe partes. SnD agatue, after a feme lines. 
 Jftotee (qtiot!) be) out of Charks bis oteue teojos, 31 tttUmaherepojt of tbe league cor.cluDco 
 betteeendjiuinuDOffa. 
 
 Charles bptbegrau'ofcSoD king of $c Franks antt Lombards ano @>enatour of theRo- 
 manes.Unto the nuerctiD ami bis moll scare brother Offa king of the Mercians fenDf tlj greeting. 
 jTirtt tee coe tenctr bMoalmigljtie<r3cD moil btutible tlj.inkES fo? t!je faftiation of fculcs, aim the 
 Ouccriiie of tlje Catijolique faith, teljiclj toe.to pout great commenBatioii,baue founb figjiificD ia 
 pour letters, 9s touching tljofcptlgrimcs,teijo fo? tlje Ictte of <£od anD tbrtr otenc foules health, 
 arcDefiroustorefojtvmtotijc Churches of tlje [jalp 3poltlcs, Itr themgoe in peace toitljcut all 
 oiHurbance.'Siit if anp be fotmo amonglithciii not honouring rdigion,but follofc ing thttrotene 
 gainc, tljrp are to pap tljctr ojDinarie cuflomes at places conueiuent. Jt is cur plcafnre alfo ano 
 ^jotccrion of commanoemcnt,tI)at pour marchants (hall Ijaue latefttll patronage ano protection in our Domini- 
 SaSwts- m $> Culljo.tfinanpplacetbcpcbancetobe afRtcten teitljanpiaiuttoppjietTion, Uttbrnimafce 
 their amplication unto bs, oi bnto our 3JuDges,ano tec mill fee Mia crecuteD to the full. 
 
 An ancient teftimonie translated out of the oldc Saxon lawes> 
 
 containing among other things the aduanccment of M ar chants for their thrije 
 eroding trie wide leas, fetdowneby the learned Gentleman Mafter William Lam- 
 bert papilla ?oo.of his perambulation of Kent. 
 *■■/'•* 
 
 IZ teas fomrtimc t« Cngltflj latecs.thst the people ano the later s teere in reputation: anD tljen 
 teerc the tetfeiM the people teo^fl)ip-teonbp,euf rp one after ljis Degree : c£atic,anD €\)axle, 
 Thein.an&vnder-Ihein. aim if a cljurle tijjiueD fo , that heebaDftillp fiuebiocs of hisotene 
 laiiD, a Church ano a Kitcljtn, a 315dljoitfe,anD a gate, a feate, anD a ft uerall office in tlje Sings 
 ball, then teas he tljcnccfojcl) the Theins riabt teo?tbp. 9nD tf a Them (b thjiueo, that Ijc feructt 
 the king , anD on bis nieffage rio in his IjoufljolD, if be tljcn bao a Thein tljat foBotefD him, tlje 
 tehich to tlje Kings iourncp fiue btDcs Ijab, ano in tlje kings fcate bis io?D fn ucd, ano th^ife teitb 
 ijis ctranDhao gone to tlje bing.be might aftettoaro to:th his fo?cotlj Ijts lojos part plap at auj> 
 great necoe. Sin if a Thein did th?iue lb, that U became an Carle ; then teas Ijc aftertoaru an 
 
 Carles right teOJtljiC, And ifaMarchant lb thriued,that He palled thrifepuer the wide feas,of 
 his owne craft, he was tbencefoorth a Theins right woi thie. <2nD if a fchclar fo p?orpcreD tljo- 
 
 rote leantingtljat be Degree ljab,anD fcraeo €ljnft,lje teas tljen aftcrtearo of otgnitie aim peace 
 fo much teo jtl;ic,as thereunto belongeu t tejlelte Ije fojfatteu uwhat (je the bfc of Ijis Degree sf e 
 nc might. _ 
 
 William of 
 Malmsb.Iib.2* 
 cap 9-de geftis 
 RegimiAnglo- 
 rura. 
 
 A teffimonie of certaine priuiledges obtained for the Englifii 
 
 and Danifl} Marchants ofConradus the Emperour and Iohnthe Bijhop of 
 Koine by Canutus the King of England in his ionrney to Rome , extracted out 
 of a letter of his written vnto the Cleargie of England. 
 
 • • ■ . ■ 
 
 It vobisnotiim quia magna congregationobilum in ipfafolemnitatcPafcali, 
 Roma; cum Domino Papaloannc, & imperatorc Gonradoerat,fcilicet om- 
 nesprincipesgentiumamonteGarganoj vfque ad iftum proximum Mare: 
 qui omnes me &' honorifice fufcepere , & magnificis donis honoraucre. 
 Maximeautemabimperatoredonisvarijs& muneribus pretiofis honoratus 
 fum,tam in vaiis aureis & argent eis,quam in pallijs & veftibus valde pretiofis. 
 Locutus fum igitur cum ipfo iniperatore,& Domino Papa,& principibus qui ibi crant , de nc- 
 ceflitatibus totius populi mei, tarn Angli quam Dani,vt eis concederetur lexa:quior,& pax fe- 
 curiorin via Roma adeundi,& ne tot claufuris per viam arcercnttir,& propter iniuflum telone'ii 
 fatigareutur, Annuitque poftulatis Imperator, & Rodulphus Rex, qui maxime jpfarum clau- 
 iurarum dominatur, cunfSlique principes cdi<5lis firmarunt , vt homines mei tarn Mercatores, 
 quam alijorandi gratia viatores, abfqucomnianguiiaclaufurarum&teloneauorum f ctim 
 firma paccRomam eant & redeant. 
 
 The 
 
^Trafjo Lond.&'BriH.I^.Stepb. Traifiques,andDifcou. 117 
 
 The fame in Englifti 
 
 YSDtt are to brtnertTfutTs.tlMt at the fcaC of £a{tcr,thcre teas a great compatip of .tftobles tottlj 
 $ope lohn ano Comadus the Cmpcrour aflcmblco at Rome, namely all the polices of the 
 tiattonsfrominountGarganustintotljeCQcftilDccanli'n. <LSlho all of them Ijqnourablp inter* °^ n 3 "^ c a of 
 tcineo me, auo toelcomeomce niith rich ano magnificent gifts: but efpcciaHp tlje Cmprrour bc= ApE»"i«iie. 
 ftoluco Diners cofflp p jefents ano rrl»aros upon mee,boch in beffels of goloc ano ttluer, ano aifo 
 in cloaftes ano garments of great baltt? . ffiUhcrefoje 31 conferreo toitlj tlje €mperottr bimfclfc 
 aim tlje pope, ano uJttb tlje other lattices n>ho mere there pjefenc, concerning tlje necclHtic s of 
 all mp fubtects botlj Englishmen ano Danes ; that a mo?e fauottrable law tj fecttre peace in tljcic 
 tonp to Rome might bee grautitco onto tljem , ano .that tbep migbt not bee hinDcrco bp fa manp 
 flops fimpcomwntsm their iourncp, anobjearieo bp rcafonof iiiiuftepactionjs. 3nothc£Empc« 
 tour conocfccnoeObntomprequeuVmo lung Rodulphusalfo, Inhobathgrcatrfiaufhojiticoucr 
 tlje fo^efam flops ano ffrcigbts.ano all the otljcr pn'nccs confirmeD bp tljeir Cot'ccs, thac nip fub'= 
 iccts,astt]ell3|)archants, as others tobotrauailcofo? oeuotionsfafee, fljoulQ tottljotit all 
 ranee ano rcttraint of tlje fojcfaio flops auo cuflomcrs, goe onto Rome in peace, ano rccurr.e 
 fromt&enceinfafetie. 
 
 The flouriming (late of Marclian dife in the Cine 
 
 of London in thedayesofWillielmusMalmesburienfis, 
 which died in theyeere 1 142. in the r eigne of K.Stephen. 
 
 r^^i.1^^^ AudlongcaRofaquafi viginti quinquc milliarijs cftLondonia Ciiiitasno- Guiici.Maimcsb. 
 bilks, opima ciuium diuitijs, Contlipata ncgociatorum ex omni terra , & «l|'ot"inhfc'i. 
 maxime exGermania venientium, commcrcijs, Vndefic vtcumvbiquein 
 Angliacaritasvi&ualiumproftcnli prouentu medium fit, ibi neccflaria di- 
 I ftrahantur&emanturniinore,quam alibi, vel vendentium compcr,dio, vel 
 >emenrium dilpcadto, Peregrinas inuehic merces Ciukatis finibusTamefis 
 fluuius faaiofus,qui citra yrbem ad 8o.milliaiia fonticulofufus,vlcraplus7o.nornenpioieit, 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 N©t farre from Rochcflcr, about tlje Dtflancebf fiue ano ttrcnrp miles, ffanocth the ©oble 
 Citieof LoiuJon,abounoingtBith the riches of tbe inhabitants, ano being ftcqucracti nrith 
 tbetraffique of S^arcljants refojttng thitljcr out of all nations, ano cfpeciaflp out of Germanic Germanic. 
 ©Uheteupon it commetb topalte, tljat tohenanp gcnerall Dearth of otccuals falleth out in Eng- 
 land, bpreafon of tljefcarcitieof come^bmgsnecttfarpmaptljcrebepjoniDeD ano bought unci) 
 letfe gainebnto the felkrs, ano tm'tlj letfe Ijmoerance ano loffe bmo the bnpers, thrum anp other, 
 place of tbeRealme. SDutlanDifti iu'ares are ronueigheo into the fame €ittc by tlje famous riuec 
 of Thames ; nihicb nucr fpn'ngingout of a fountains So. miles bepano tlje Citie, is calico btf 
 one ano tfre felfc fame name, 70, miles beneath it. 
 
 The aforefaid William of Malmesburie write th of 
 traflSke in his time to Briftowe in his fourth booke de 
 geftispontificum ^sfnglorum, after this maner. 
 
 N cadem valle eft vicus celeberrimus Briftow nomine,in quo eft nauium portus ab Hi- 
 berriia & Norwegia & caueris tranfmarinis terris venientium receptaculum, ne ftilicct 
 genitalibus diuitijs cam fortunata regio peregrinarum opum fiauderetur commcrcio. 
 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 IB tlje fame uallep flanos tlje famous ketone of Briftow.toitban l^atien belonging t&ereunto, 
 torjicfjisacoinmooious ano fafe receptacle fo? ailrijips Directing their courfefo? tfjefame.from 
 Ireland, Nor way, ano ottjer outlanDiujanOfo^encountreps: Bainelpthat a region fo fortunate Nor "?' 
 ano bleffeo toitlj tlje riches that nature bath, bouchfnfeo thereupon (TjotiXo not beewRitutcof tljg 
 
 • • m - L^ The league 
 
■ - M - — — ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ■■■ ■■■-■■ i ay ■ ■■! w aw^ ■■ ■ 
 
 iz8 TheEnglifliVoyageSjNauigations, Hen.i.Fredffiarb. 
 
 The league betweene Henry the iecond and Fredericke 'Batba- 
 rojfa Emferour of Germanic, wherein is mention of friendly traffke be- 
 twcene the Marchants of the Empire and England,conrirmcd in the yecre of our 
 Lord I I 5 7. recorded in the firft Booke and fcuenieenth Chapter of Radcuicus 
 Canonicus Frifingenfis,being an appendix to Otto Frifingenfls. 
 
 Bidem tunc affuerc etiam Henrici Regis Anglia; miffi, varia & preciofa do- 
 naria multo lepore verborum adornata praHtantes, Inter qua; papilionem 
 vnum quantitate maximum , qualitacc optimum perfpeximus. Cuius fi 
 quantitatem rcquiris, non nifi machinis & inftrumentorum genere & admj- 
 niculoleuaripoterat: fiqualitatcm,necmactia nee opcre ipfum putem a- 
 liquandoabaliquohuiufccapparatufuperatumiri. Literas quoque mellito fermone plenas 
 pariter direxerar,quarum hie tenor fuit.Pra'cordiali amico fuo,Frederico Dei gratia Romano- 
 rum imperatori inui&iflimo, Hcnricus Rex Anglia;, dux Normannia;,& AquitaniaE,& Comes 
 Andcgauenfis, falutem, & vera? dileclionis concordiam. Excellent!* veftra; quantas pofiu- 
 musreferimus grates, dominantium optime, quod nos nuncijs verbis vifitare, ialutare literis, 
 muneribus prasuenire, & quod hischariusampleftimur, pacis& amorisinuicemdignatus 
 eftis fcedera inchoare. Exultauimus, & quodammodo animum nobis crefcere , & inmaius 
 fenfimus cuehi dum vcflra promiffio, in qua nobis fpem dediftis, in difponendi's Regni noftri 
 ncgocijs,alacriorcsnosreddidit,&promptiores, Exultauimus inquam,& tota mentc magni- 
 ficcntia; veftra: affurreximus, id vobis in fincero cordis afTeclu refpondentes , quod quicquid 
 adhonoremveftrum fpe<5tarc noucrimus , pro poflc noftro effedtui mancipare parati fumus, 
 Regnum no(triim,& quicquid vbiquenoflra:fubijciturditioni vobis exponimus & veftrg com- 
 mittimus poteftati, vt ad veftrum nutum omnia difponantur, & in omnibus veftri fiat voluntas 
 Commncia inter imperii. Sit i°itur inter nos & populos noftros dileclionis & pacis vnitas indiuifa, cpmmercia 
 Angt«" 0,8£ tuw: Itatamcnvt vobis, qui dignitateprasminetis, imperandiccdatauthoritas, nobisnon 
 deerit voluntas obfequendi. Ecficutvcftra;Serenitatismemoriamvcftrorumcxcitat in nobis 
 munerum lar°itiojfic vos noftri quoque reminifci pratopramus,mittentes qua; pulchriora pe- 
 nes nos eranr,& vobis magis placicura. At tendite itaquc dantis affe£tum,non data,& eo animo 
 quo dantur accipite. De manu beati Iacobi, fuper qua nobis fcripfiftis, in ore magiftri Herc- 
 berti &Gui\ielmi Clerici noflri verbu pofuimus.Tefte Thoma Canccllario apud Nortbantor. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 Tfym toere pjefent alfo tbe fame timr,tbe mrffengers of Henry &i'ng of England patenting 
 Diuersricb ano precious gif£S,anD that toitb great learning * eloquence of fpeecb. amongtt 
 the tobichbJC fato apautlion.mott largein quantitp.f mofl ercellcnt in qualitp. ffo} if pou oefire to 
 fenobo trje quantit ie tberof ,it coulD not be crectcD mthouc engines artD a kinoe of inttrumcnts,anD 
 inaine ftnee : if tlje qualities tbinkc there toas neuer anp furniture of the fame iunoe , that fur= 
 pafleo tlje fame either in fluffe 0? toojikemanffciu, Che fat'D kingoirccteD bts letters alfo, full of 
 fugreo ujeecbeSjtfae tenout tobereof boas this that folloboctb f , . 
 
 Co bi» entirety beloueD ftieno Frederick by trje grace of ($00 eCmpcrottr of trje Romanes 
 mott inttinctble, Henry Iting of England, DUke of Norroandic ano Aquitainc, Carle of Anjou 
 toifbetb Ijealtlj anrj concojD of fincereamitie* ffidc Doe retiDer bnto pour highness (mott renott= 
 meDanDpeereleffepjincc) erceemng great thanks fo?tbatpbubaue fogracioufip bouebfafm 
 bp pour meuengers to biQte bs , in pour letters to falttte bs, •bJitlj pour gifts, to pjeuent bs, 
 ano (toljich toee ooe moje higblp ettecmeof then all trje rert) to beginnc a league of peace 
 ano frienDfljip betboeene bs. 82le reiopceD, ano in a maner fenCblp felt our frlues to bee great" 
 Ip cmbotoeneo, ano our courage to encreate, toljileft pour ppmife, lu^crebp pou put bjf 
 in gooo romfo?t,oib make b3 mo?e cljeerefull ano refolute, in managing tlje affaires of our king* 
 bome.JHc reiopeco (31 fap) | in our fecrct cogitations Die humble obeifance bnto pour S^atettie, 
 giiringpouat tljts time to bnocrftanD fro tlje Cnccre^bnfaineo affection ofourbcart,tIjattorjat* 
 focucr toe fijal knob) to tens bnto pour faonour.bie are,to our potter mott rcaop to put in p jactife, 
 SDurkingoome, ann ujljatfocuerisbnuerourmrtftiicttonboeboe offer bnto pou, ano commit tfte 
 fame bnto pour bigbneffctrjat all matters map be bifpofen accojbing to pour Direction, anDtbat 
 pour pleafurc map in all things be fulfilleo. Let tljere be t&erefoje bettoeene our felues ano our 
 fubiects, an inDiuifible bnitie of fttenDujtp ano peace, anD fafe traoe of gparcbanDi^e : pet fo, ass 
 tbatbntopou (bJboercellinDtgnitte) autljo?itiein commanDingmap bee afcribeD,anD Diligence 
 tnobeping frail not toant in bs, 9nD as tlje Itberalitte of pour rctoarDS Doetb often ptitbs in 
 tcmembjaucc of pour 9paieaie, euen to in Ukemaner fenbing bnto pour ^igbneffe tbe mott rare 
 
 tljingsj 
 
TsJoh.fafecond, Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 129 
 
 Solitimc tjr- 
 torum coniu«- 
 tudincs. 
 
 things tit our cuSoore, ana uiijica tee toou gijt (boulo be mott acceptable unto pott, teee coc moff 
 fjearcilp teilh that pour fetfc alfototulonota!tO£etlerbecUmnattic;ul!of us* iipattc refpect 
 therefore not unto the gifts, kit fctuo the affection of the gtucr, ant accept of them teitij t!;at 
 ttiiiwe, tebereteith tbep are offeree unto pou. 
 
 Concerning tlje haira of S.lames, about tobich poutejotc unto us, tec bait? feat pott teo;m bp 
 M.Herbert,anO bp William t^cdccfec. £OttnC8 Thomas our CfcancClour at Northanton. 
 
 A generall fafe conduit graunted to all forreine Marchants by 
 
 king lohn inthe * firlt yeere of his reigne ,<w appettreth in the Records of the ' lt 99* 
 Tower, Anno i. Regis loannis. 
 
 Cannes Dei gratia &c. Malori &ComhiunitatiLbndihenfifaliitem,Sciatis 
 voluntatem efle noftram, quod omncs Mercatores de quacunq; fuerint terra 
 faluum habcantcondudtum ire & redire cum mercibus fuis in Angliam, Vo- 
 lumus etiam quod eandem habeant pacem in Anglia , quam Mc rcatotes de 
 Angliarubcnt in terrisillisvndefuerunt egrefll. Etideovobis prxcipimus, 
 ' quod hoc faciatisdenunciari in Balliua veftra,&fif miter teneri; permittentes 
 cos ire & redire fine impedimento per debita«&reftas& folitas cdnfuetudiiles in Balliua ve- 
 ftra. TcfteGalfredofilio Petri comite Eflexiae apudKinefard 5. die Aprihs. 
 
 In eadem forma fciibitur vicecomiti Sudfex,Maiori & communitati Ciuicatis Wiiuoh.Bal- 
 liuode Southampton, BalliuodeLennc, BalliuoKent, Vicecomiti Noiffblcix & Sufrolcia:, 
 Vicecomiti dorfet & Sommerfet, Baronibus de quinque portubus, Vicecomiti de Southamp- 
 ton fire, Vicecomiti dc Herteford & Eflex, Vicecomiti Cornubia; He Deuon. 
 
 The fame in Englifh 
 
 I2Dh n up tlje grace of <8ou 9 c, to the apaioj ana commtmalti'e of London ,pectiti<r. pou arc ia 
 UnoetttanOjtljat it is our pleafitte, that all SgJarchants of teljat nation feetter, ITjaH hatie fafe 
 conouct to paffe ano repafte teitij their i3parcbant)i?e into England. Jt is our toill alfo,that th:p 
 he uoucbtafeo tlje fatnefauouriniEnglano, ruhichisgranteountotbeEnglifi^archants in 
 thofc places from tohetice thep come, 9no therefore tee giue pou in charge,that pott cattle this 
 to be publifbeB,ano pjoclaimeo inpour baiutotclte,? firm elp to ibe obferucojpcrmittutgthemto 
 goe § come,teithout iinpeoiment, accojoing to the Buc,rigbt anu ancient anionics Ufeo tni'ottr sr&e antfcm 
 faio leaiUteicke. cXlitneOe Geofiy Fuz-Peter Carle offfifler at Kmcfard the 5, Dap of 3p#, ^ t ™ ™£ 
 
 $the fame fojwe oftojiting teas fent to the fherifeof Sudi"ex,t3 the St5at'oj tm coinnmnaltie 
 
 Of the Cttie of Wincheftcr,tO the ISailp Of Southampron,,tbc 'Kailp Lenne,ti)C Batlp of Kenc, 
 
 the fhertfe of Norfolkeano Suffolke, t|e fherifeof Dorfet anu Somi;ierfer,tl)Cl5arons of the 
 Cinque-ports, the ffjerifeof S6uthampcou-fhire, the fherife of Hertford atfB Eflex, the fberti'c 
 Of Cornewal afflJ Deuon, 
 
 Liters regis Henrici tertij ad Haquinuni Regcm Norwegian 
 
 de facts fcedere (k intercurfumeremdifandi \ Anno 1, Henrici j, 
 
 l^j&j? EnricusDet gratia &c. Haquino eadem gratia Regi Norwegian falucem, Im- 
 g\ ia menfasnobilitati veftra rcferimus gratiarumaiftioncsdehisquarpcrliteras 
 — i W vettras &prudentem virum Abbatem dc Lifa,nobis fignificafiis, volentcs & 
 1 defideramesfcedus pacis &diledrionislibenternobifcum inire, genobifcum 
 ) conrcederari. Bene autcm placet & placebit nobis quod terre noftr^ comunes 
 J fint,& Mcrcatores & homines qui funt dc poteftate veftra libere & fine impe- 
 dimento terrain noftram adire po(Iint,& homines & Mercatores nofiri fimiliter terra veftram. 
 Dum tamcnliceras veftraspatentes fuperhoc nobis deftinetis,& nosvobis noftras tranfmitte- 
 mus.Interim autcm bene volumus & concedimus,quod Mercatores tarn de terra veftra quam 
 noflracant,veniant,&reccdant per terras nollras, Et fi quid Veftrse iederic voluntati, quod 
 facere valcamus, id fecure nobis fignificetis. Detinuimus autcm adhuc Abbatem prardidum, 
 Vt de naui veftra & rebus in ea contends pro pofle noftro rcftitutionem fieri faceremus : per 
 quem de ftatu noftro & Regni noftri vos certificare curabimus, 6c quam citius &c. Teftc me 
 ipfo apud Lamhithe decimo die Oclobris. 
 
 I 2 id. 
 
 Eodem modo fchbitur S.DuciNorwcgia; ibidem & codem die. 
 
 The 
 
130 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Hen.^.let. chart. 
 
 The letters of King Henry the third vn to Haquinus 
 Kin? of 'Norway concerning, a treatie of peace 
 and mucuall tramque 01 marcuan- 
 dize, &c, 
 
 HCnrpbptrje grace of ©od,8fc,totto Haquinus bp tljc fame grace fting of Norway, fctiuct^ 
 greeting. 221ee rentier Unto pour higbnefle bnfpeafceable thanks fo? tbofe things torjich 
 bppour letters , and bppour oifcrecte fubiect the Sbbat of Li fa , pott ha tie fignified Dnto Ms, 
 and alfo fo? tljat pou are rtgljt totlling ano defirous to begin and to conduce bettoeenebsbotb,a 
 league of peace ano amitie. 8ndtoeefoj our part both notoe are, and hereafter fbalbetocll con« 
 tented , that both our Linos be common , to the ende that the Sparchants ano people of pour no- 
 nunions map freelp ano toithout impediment refojt tonto our land, ano cur people ano S!9ar« 
 chants map liketoiferjauercccutfebnto pour territories, lp?ouidcd, that fo? tbe confirmation 
 of this matter, pou fenD Dnto bs pour letters patents, ano toec mill fentiours alfo bntopou. 
 Ipotobctt in the meane torjile luce Doe toil! ano freelp graunt , that tbe Sparcbants both of our ano 
 pour lands, map goe, ccme, andrcturnetoand from bctlj our Dominions, 9nd if there be 
 ought in pour minde, toberebp toe migljt ttand pou in anp ftead, pou map botolp fignifie the fame 
 touobs. <I8cehattcaspetDctcineD thefo?efaiD3bbat, that toee might, tiHiurabilitie, caufe 
 rcftitution to be made fo? pour (hip , ano to? the things therein contained : bp tohomc toee toill 
 certtfic pou of our to tie eftate, and oftbeeftate of our kingdomc fofoone,$c, C£titncu"e our 
 fdfeac Lambith tije tcntlj of October* 
 
 Snorter letter in t&e fame fojme and to t&e fame effect toast tljere and tfcen few tonto 
 §>.Dufte Of Norway. 
 
 Mandatum pro Coga Regis Norwegian Anno 15. 
 
 Henrici 3. 
 
 !;Andatum eft omnibus Balliuis portuum in quos ventura eft Coga deNorwegia, in 
 Squavencrintin Angliam milices RegisNorwegis&MercatoresSaxonia:, quod cum 
 'praedictam Cogam in portus fuos venire contigerit, faluo permittant ipfamCogam 
 
 in portubusfuis morari, quamdiu necefle habuerit, &libere fine iinpedimento inderccederc 
 
 quando voluerint, Tefte Rege. 
 
 The Tame in Englifh. 
 
 A Mandate for the King of Norway his Ship 
 called the Cog. 
 
 WCetotli and commaund allbailifes of Pontes, at trjetohic&.tlje Cog of Norway 
 (torjerein certaine of tbektngof Norwaie bis fouldiers, and certatne as)archants 
 of Saxonieare commingfo? England) ftjall touch, trjat,tohentIjefojelaid Cog fballcrjance 
 to arrtue at anp of tljeir fattens , tljep doe permit tije faid Cog fafelp to remaine in their faio 
 Spauensfo longagnecde ftjafl require, and tott^out tmpedtment alfo freelp to depart thence, 
 torjenfoeuer tije gouernours of tbe fapd fbip (hall tbmke it expedient, WXitmik the fting. 
 
 || Antiqm con. 
 fuerudo Gild- 
 hallc Colonial- 
 fium'Londuii. 
 
 Carta pro Mercatoribusde Coloniaannoio.Hen- 
 
 rici 3. Gonfirmata per Regent Edwardum primum 
 8. Iulij Anno Regni 1 8, prout cxtat in ro- 
 tulocartarum de Anno 1 8, 
 Regis Edwardi 
 primi. 
 
 Ex Arcbiepifcopis &c. falutem. Sciatis nos quietos clamafle pro nobis & harre- 
 dibus noftris dile&os noftros, Cities de Colonia , & mercandifam fuam de illis 
 duobus folidis , I quosfolcbant dare deGildhalla fua London, & dc omnibus 
 
 alije 
 
Qbarter Hen.%, Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 131 
 
 alijs confuetudinibus & demandis, qua: pertinent ad nos in London, & per totam terram no- 
 ftram; & quodlibere'pofluntireadferias, per totam terrain noftram& emcre& venderein 
 villa London & alibi , falua libertacc Ciuitatis noftra; London. Quare volumus'&firn liter 
 precipimus pro nobis &ha;redibus noftris, quod pradicli ciues de Colonia pramominatas 
 libertates & liberas confuetudines habeant per totam terram noftram Anglia: ficut pra:di- 
 clum eft. His teftibus, venerabili patre Waltcro Caerleolenfi Epilcopo , Willielmo de Fe- 
 rarijs, Gilberto Baffet, Waltcro de Bello canspo, Hugone Diflpenfer, Walcero Marefcallo, 
 Galfrido Difpcnfer, Bartholomseo Pech , Bartholomaro de Saukeuill, & alijs. Data per 
 manum venerabilis patris Radulphi Ciciftrenfis Epifcopi, Cancellarij noftri apud Dauincre 
 Oclauo die Nouembris , Anno Regni noftri vicefimo. 
 
 The fame in Englifli 
 A Charter graunted for thebehalfe of the Marchants 
 
 ofColcninthetrventiethyeerc o/Henry the tkirdjonfir- 
 
 med by King £drvardi\\thd\, as itis extant inthe 
 
 roule of Charters,in the eighteenth 
 
 yeete of King Edward 
 
 the firft. 
 
 T#e ftingtonto arebbiffjops" ?c, gtcetmg. TSt it fenotoen bnto pou, tfjat toeebaue quite flat* 
 men , aht> foj \?3 ami out Sjcires relcafco otic toelbeldueD trje Cmjens of Colen ano tfjetr 
 marrbanoije, from tlje payment c f trjofe t too ibillintyB luljtclj tljcp toere toont to pap out of the it 
 ©ilnhallat L ondon, ano from al! otber cuttomep ano DemaunDS, tobicbperteinebntob&eitbersriieimctem 
 in London, o? in anp other place of our Dominions : ano tbac tljep map fafelp refojt unto jfaperst gJSJg J^' 
 trj)ouojt)OUtouct]}hoIelKtno;oome,antibupanDreUintrjeCitteof London. SBbercfoje toe toill jjan°Iii r Lmdo«. 
 ano firmetp commano foj bss ano ouc ijeircp, tljat tbe fo jenamcD Sparcljamp" of Colen map cniop 
 «lje liberties anb free unutkogcg aboue-mentioneo, tb?oun;bout our tobolefu'ngoome of England 
 as is afojefaio, taitnefles, tbe reucreno fatber Walter T&ifljop of Carlil, William de Ferarijs, 
 GilbertBairet.WalterdeBeau.champ, Hugh Diflpenfer, Walter Marefcal,GeofrieDiflpcn& 
 fet, Bartholomew Peach, Bartholomew de Saukeuill anO Otberg, ©men bp trje banD of tbe 
 teuereno fatber Ralph H3i(bopof Chichcfter ano ouc Cbauncellour at Dauintre,tbe eig&t Dap of 
 5i2ouember,tn tbe ttoentt'etb peere of our reigne. 
 
 Carta Lubecenfibus ad feptennium concefla. 
 
 Anno 4i.Henrici 3. 
 
 •. Enricus dci gracia Rex Anglia;, dominus Hiberniz, dux Normannii, Aqui- 
 taniar, & Gomes Andegauia:, omnibus Balliuis fuis falutcm. Sciatis nos 
 ad inftantiam dile&i& fidelis fratris noflri Ricardi Comitis Cornubia: in Re- RicitdiuComo 
 gem Romanorum electi , fufcepifle in proteftionem & defenfionem no- Conmbiefex 
 Jftram & faluum & fecurum conduclum noftrum Burgenfes de Lubek in 
 T, Alemania cum omnibus rebus & mcrcandifis quas in Regnum noftrum 
 deferent, vel fadent deferri. Eteisconceflimus, quod de omnibus rebus & mercandilis 
 fuit nihil capiatur ad opus noftrum vel alterius contra voluntatem eorundem ; fed liberc 
 vendant & negocientur inde in Regno prcdidto, prout fibi viderint expedire. Et ideo 
 vobis mandamus, quod di&is Burgenfibus vel corum nuneijs in veniendo in terram no- 
 ftram cum rebus & mercandilis fuis , ibidem morando, Sc inde recedendo, nullum infc- 
 ratis, aut ab alijs inferri permittatis impedimentum aut grauamen. Nee eos contra quie- 
 tantiampra:di6tamvexetis,autab alijs vexari permittatis. In cuius rei testimonium haslite- 
 ras noftras fieri fecimus patentes per feptennium durantes : Dum tamen ijdem Burgenfes in- cantualiaa- 
 terim bene & fidcliter fehabuerint erga prafatum eleclum fratrem noftrum. Tefte ineipfo nalis * 
 apud Weftmonafterium vndecimo die Maij Anno Regni noftri quadragefimo primo. Hare 
 litetaduplicataeft , pro Burgenfibus & mercatoribus Dacis, Brunfwig, & Lubek. 
 
 The 
 
jNorsantKjul- 
 utem. 
 
 — ' " iii ' ■ ' ' m 
 
 132, The E ngliili Voy ages,Nauigations, Jnc. (^barters. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 The charter of Lubek granted for feuen yeeres,obtained 
 
 in the one and fortieth yeere of Henry the third. 
 
 HEnrybp the grace of <$0D ftingof England, lojO of Ireland, Duke Of Normandie anD 
 Aquitaine, anD #arleef Anjou,tcalHjis15aiiifs fenoctb gftecw& Eiioto petbat at the 
 tnfiant requeftof ourtoclbeloueD anD trufip brother Richard cEarleof Ccrncwal being of late 
 electeo king of the Romanes,toe baue receiuto unoer cur p?otection and Defence, ano onset our 
 fafc ano fecure conDuct, the citizens of Lubek in Alemain, toirb all their goobs ano toarcs,tobicrj 
 thep (bal! tying oj caiifetobeb?ougbtintoourkingDome.22le baue alibgrantcD onto them,tbac 
 of all their gooos ano mcrehanDi^e.nothtng frjal be fei^eD cnto the bfe of cur feiues,oj of anp other 
 luitbout their otone confent , but that tljcp map freelp fell ann crercife traffibe there toitb, acco?« 
 Ding as thep (ball tbinkc erpeDient. Sno therefore toe Braigbtlp command pou, that neither pour 
 fclues bo offer, no; that pou permit anp other to offer anpimneotment 0? molettation onto the fain 
 ■Burgers 0? unto their meffengers, either at their comming into "our lanD, toitb their gooos and 
 marcbanDr?e, in the time of their abooe there, 0; at their Departure from thence, ano that pee net* 
 ther molett them pour fclues, no? pet fuffer them bp others to be molefieo , contrarp to the afoje* 
 faio Charter. 3!n t cfi tmonic tobereof , toe hat: e caufeo tbefe cur Letters to be maDe patents, Du« 
 ring the fpace of feuen peeres nert follotuing, 
 
 PjouiDeD, that the fapo Ti5urgljers Doe in the mcanc time behatte trjemfelucs tocll anD faith* 
 f ullp totoaros our fojcfaio elccteo brother, ©Hitneffe our felues at Weftmmfter the eleuentfj 
 Dap of ^arcb, in the one ano fortieth peere of ourreigne, 
 
 ^bfe Letter toasBoubleb,namelp fojthe Burghers, anDtrjeSparchantsof Denmarke, of 
 Brunfwig, anD of Lubecke, 
 
 Carta pro Mercatoribus Alcmanmae, quihabentdomum 
 
 in London,. qu* GilSalk Teutonicorum vulgariter nuncu- 
 patur Anno 44. Hetiricitertij, & Anno pnmo & 
 lp.Edtvardiprimiienovai'i 8c 
 confirmata. 
 
 3D inftanttam Sereniffimi principis Richardi Romanorum Regis chariflimi 
 
 jfratris noftri concedimus mercatoribus Alcmanni£,illis videlicet qui habenc 
 
 j domum in Ciuitate noftra London , quae Gildhalla Teutonicorum vulgari- 
 
 jrernuncupatur, quod eoJvniuerfosmanutenebimuspertotumRegnu no- 
 
 ) ftrurn in omnibus ijfdem libertatibus & liberis confuetudinibus, quibus ipfi 
 
 atS noflris & || progenitorum noflrorum temporibus vfi funt & gauifi* Ipfofque 
 
 extra huiufmodi libertates & liberas confuctudines non txahemus, nee trahi aliquatenus pel- 
 
 mktemus. In cuius rei teftimonium has literas noftras fieri fecimus patentes. 
 
 J£hegmtut&, 
 
 ttquitie. 
 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 A charter for theMarchants of Almaxnz^ who haue an houfe 
 
 At London commonly called % the Guildhall of the Dutch, 
 
 graunted in the 44. yeere of Henry the third, renued 
 
 and confirmed in the 1 .& 2o,yecre of 
 
 Edward the firft. 
 
 A Cthe intrant rcquett of tljemoC gracious Pjince Richard king of the Romanes our moffi 
 Deare brother, toee Doe graunt unto the 9(f)arcbants of Alemain ( namelp bnto tljofe that 
 bauean Ijoufe in our citie of London, commonlp calleD tlje Guildhall of the Dutch Spercbants) 
 that lue to ill, throughout our totjole Eealme,maintaine all anD euerp of the m,in all tljofe liberties 
 anD free cuu\3mes,tobich both in our times, anD in tbe times of our progenitors, thep baue ufec 
 snb eniopeo, jQeitber toill toe infojee them bepoiiD thefe liberties anD free cuttomes , no? in anp 
 totfe permit them to be infojceo, 3!n toitndfc tohereof , toee baue caufeb tbefe out letters to be 
 mm patents. 
 
 Mandatum 
 
. ■ i "' - i ■ • ■ -i . _i i ,,a 
 
 Thegen.Qbart.of 8d.\* Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 133 ill 
 
 M 
 
 Mandatum regis Ed wardi primt de mercatori- 
 
 bus aliemgtn'ts. 
 
 Ercatores cxtranei vendanc mcrcimonia fua in ciuitate London &c. infra quadragin* 
 
 ca dies polrt ingreflum fuum, anno 3. Ed wardi primL 
 
 : . so, 
 
 ■ 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 A mandate of king Edward the firft concerning 
 outlandifh marchants. 
 
 WS toifl cvtic tommauD t!;at omlanDtflj marcljantg ooe fi:I t&eir tuarc in tfje t (tie of Lon* 
 don qcfcttitijmfojcp Dapes of tljeir artiuall. 
 
 ... . . _ - 
 
 ; Thegreat Charter granted vnto forreinc marchants 
 
 by king Edward the firft, in the 5 1 yeare of his reigne 
 r commonly called CdrtamercatorkjAnno 
 
 Domini 1303. 
 
 Dwardus Del gratia Rex Angliar, Dominus Hibernii, dux Aquitania?, 
 Archiepi(copis,Epifcopis, Abbatibus, Prioribus, Comuibus, Baronibusj 
 Iuftitiarijs,Vicecomitibus J praEpofitis,tniniftris,& omnibus baliiuis &fide- 
 libus lu is falutem. Circa bonum ftatum omnium mercarorum fubferipto- 
 rumregnorum,terrarum, & prouindaruni, videlicet Alemannise, Francia?, 
 HifpaniajjPortugalliijNauarrijLombardiSjThufciXjProuinci^Cacalo- 
 nia: J ducatusnoftriAquftaQi3e,Tholoianif,Caturluni,Flandrix,Brabantif, 
 & omnium aliatum tenarumS; locorum extraneorum, quocunq; nomine cenfeantur, venien* 
 tium in regnum noftrum Anglie & ibidem conuerfantimn nos precipua cura follicitat,qualit« 
 fub noitro dominio tranquillicacjs & plena: fecuricatis immunk as eifdem merca tonbus futuris 
 temporibuspraparetur. Vt itaque vota ipfotum reddanturad noftra & rcgninoftriferuitia 
 prompcioia.ipforu.Ti petkionibus fauorabiliccr annuentes, & pro ftatu eorundem plenius afle- 
 turandOjin forma quf fequirur ordinances , pro nobis othiredibusnoftris in perpetuum lub« 
 fcriptariidtismercaroribusduximus concedenda. i 
 
 Inprimisvidclicetquodomnesmercatorcsdidtorumregnorum & terrarum lalue&iecu* j 
 re fub tuitione & protefliouc noftra in diflum regnum noftrum Anglii , & vbiqueinfra pote- . % 
 ftatem noftram alibi veniant cum mercandifis iuis quibufcunque, de muragio,pomagio& 
 pannagio libcriS: quieti. Quodque infra idem regnum & potcftarcm noftrani inciuitati- 
 bus, burgisj&villismercatorijspoflunt mercari duntaxac in groffo tarn cum indigenisfeu 
 incolis eiufjem regni&poteftarjs noftrarprardidta:, quam cum alienigenis,extraneis,veJpri- 
 uatis. Ita tamen quod mcrccs, qua: vulgarker mercerif vocantur, ac fpecieSj minutatim 
 vendipofflnt, proutantea fieri coniueuit, Ee quod omne* predict mercatoresmercandifas 
 fuas , quas ipfos ad pra:di<5tum regnum & poteftatcm noftram adducere, feu infra idem reg- 
 num & poteltatem noftram emere,vcl alias acquircrc contigerit, poflintquo voluennt tarn 
 infra regnum & poteftatcm noftram pra:di<Stam, quam extra ducere vel porcare faccre, pra> 
 terquam ad terras manifeftorum &notoriorum hoftium rcgni noftri, folucndoconfuetudi- SSf^™?* 
 nesquasdebebunt: vinisduntaxatexcepris, qua: deeodem regno feu poteftatenoftia,poft- h«fl«. 
 quam infra idem regnum feu poteftatcm noftram du6ta fuerint,fine voluntatc & liccntia fpe- 
 ciali non lieeat eis educere quoquo modo. 
 
 Item quod praedifli mercacores in ciuitatibus, burgis , & villis prardiftis pro voluntatc 3. 
 fua hofpitari valeanc , & morari cum bonis fuis ad gratiam ipforum, quorum func hofpitia fiuc 
 domus. 
 
 Item quod quilibet contractus per ipfes mercatores cum quibufcunque perfonis vnde- 
 cunque fuerint fuper quocunquc genere mercandifa: initus, firmus fit & ftabilis, ira quod neu- 
 ter mercatorum ab illo contractu poUltrecedcrejVelrefilire^oftquam denarius Dei inter prin- 
 cipals perfonas cotrahentes datus fuerit & receptus.Et fi forfan fuper corra&u ciuf niodicon* 
 tentio oiiatur,fiat inde probatio aut inquifitio fecundu yfus & confuetudines feriaru ft yillaru, 
 
 M vbs 
 
154. The Englifli Voyages,"/ be great Charter of td.^ 
 
 Lex mcrcatoria. 
 
 6, 
 
 8. 
 
 Lf x mstcatoru, 
 qitti 
 
 Anriqux Cufiu. 
 
 niz. 
 
 vbi dictum contraclum fieri contigem & iniri. 
 
 Item promitcimus ptacfaus mercatoribus pro nobis & hancdibus noftris in perpetuutn 
 conccdentes , quod nidlam prilam vcl arrcftationem , feu dilationem occafione prilse de ex. 
 . tero de mcrcimonijs , mercandifis feu alijs bonis fuis per nos vel alium feu alios pro aliqua 
 neceffitatc vel cafu contra volunuteiniplorummercatorum aliquatenus faciemus , autfieii 
 paticmur, nifi ftatim folutopreciaproquoipfi mercatores alijs eiufmodi mercimoniaven- 
 derepoflmt, veleisaliter fatiffaclo, itaquodreputent fecontentos: Etquod fuper mcrci- 
 monia, mercandifas, feu bona ipforum per nos vel miniftros noftros nulla apprcciatio aut 
 cllimatio imponetur. 
 
 Item volumus quod omnesballiui & miniftri fcriarum, ciuitatum,; burgorum , & villarum 
 mercatoriarum mercatoribus antedi&is conqucrentibus coram ijs celerem iuftitiamfaciant 
 de die in diem fine dilatione fecundum legem mercatortam , de vniuerfis& fingulis quse 
 per eandem legem, poterunt tcrminari. Et fi forte inueniaturdefeclusiaaliquo balliuorum 
 velminiftrorumpra'diclorum, vndeijdem mercatores vel eerum aliquis dilationis incom- 
 moda fuftinucrint vel iuftineant.hcct mercator vcrfus partem in principal recuperauerit dam- 
 nafua, nihilominus balliuus vel minifter alius vetfus nos, prout delictum exigit puniatur* 
 Ecpuiiitioncm iftam concedimusiafauoremmercatorumprsdiclorum proeorum iuftitiama- 
 turanda. . | . ' ..:.. 
 
 Item quod in omnibus generibus placitorum , faluo cafu cn'minis pro quo infligenda eft 
 pcena moitis, vbi mercator implacitatus merit, vel alium implacitauerit , cuiufcunquccon- 
 ditionisidemimplacitatus exciterit, extraneus vel priuatus, in nundinis, ciuitatibus , fiue 
 Burgis, vbi fuerit fufficiens copia mercatorum pra:di<5hrum terrarum,& inqu'ifiti'6 fieri 
 debeat, fit medietas iiiquifitionisdecijldem metcatoribus, & medietas altera de probis & 
 legalibus hominibus loci illius. vbi placitum illud effc contigerir Et fi de mercatonbus di- 
 clarumterranunnumerus noil inueniatur fufficiens, ponentur in inquifitione illiquiidonei 
 inuenientur ibidem , & refidij fint de alijs bonis hominibus & idoneis de locis in quibus pla- 
 citum illud erit. 
 
 Item volumus , ordinamus, & ftatuimus, quod in qualibet villa mercatoria & feria 
 regni nofiri praedidli & alibi infra poteftatem noftram pondus noftrum in certo loco ponacur, 
 & ante ponderationemftatera inpra:fentiaemptoris& venditors vacua videatur, & quod 
 brachn fintequalia : Scextunc ponderatorponderet in sequali. Et cum (iatcram pofuerfa 
 insequali ftatim amoueat manus fuas, itaquod reraaneat in xquali: quodqueper totum 
 re°num & poteftatem noftram fit vnum pondus & vna menfura : & fignoltandardi noftri 
 fi^ncntur: Et quod quilibetpoflit habere ftateram vnius quaternions, &infra, vbi contra 
 dominiloci, autlibertatemper nos & anicceffores noftres conceflarn illud nonfueriti fiuq 
 contra villarum & fcriarum confuetudinem haclcuusobferuataro. 
 
 Item volumus & concedimus , quod aliquis cettus homo fidelis& dilcretus Londifli re- 
 fidens affignetur iuftitiarius mercatoribus memoratis, coram quo valcant fpecialiter placita- 
 re, & debita fuarecuperare ccletiter, fi Vicecomites & Maiorcs eis non faccrent de die indirm 
 celcris iuftitia: complementum : Et inde fiat Commiffio extra Cartam prafentcm concefla 
 mercatoribus antediiSiis : fcilicet de his qua: funt inter mercatores & mercatores fecundum 
 legem mercatoriam deducenda. 
 
 Item ordinamus & ftatuimus, & ordinitioncm illam ftatutumque pro nobis & hiredibus 
 noftris in perpetuutn volumus firmiterobfetuari, quod pro quacunque liberratc, quam nos 
 vel haredes noftri de canero concedemus, prarfati mercatores fupradidtas hbertates vel 
 carum aliquam non amittant. Pro prasdic-tis autem libertatibus & liberis confuctudinibus ob- 
 tinendis, & prifis noftris remittendis ijdem fupradi&i mercatores vniuerfi Si finguli pro 
 fe& omnibus alijs de pattibus fuis nobis concorditcr & vnanimiter conceifcrunt, quod 
 dequolibetdoliovini, quod adducent vel adduci facient infra regnum & poteflatem no- 
 ftram , & vnde marinanjs fretum foluere tenebuntur , foluent nobis & hzredibus noftris 
 nomine Cuftuma: duos folidosvltraantiquascuftumas debitas&in denarijs folui confuetas 
 nobis.aut alias infra quadraginta dies, poftquam extra naues ad terrampofita fuerint dicta 
 vina. Item de quolibet facco lanarum, quern dicli mercatores, aut alij nomine ipfo- 
 rum cment & e regno cducet.aur emi & educi facient, foluent quadraginta denarios de inci c- 
 meto vhra cuftumam antiquam dimidi? marcf ,quz prius fuerat perfoluta, Et pro laftacono- 
 rum extrarcnum & poteftatem noftram vehendorum dimidiam marcamfupra idquod 
 ex antiqua "cuftuma ante foluebatur. Et fimiliter de trccentis pellibus lanitis extra 
 
 antiqua 
 
 regnum & poteftatem noftram ducendis quadraginta denaiios vltra ccrtum illud,quod de 
 
 antiqua 
 
c rhe great Qbarter of Ed.i. rrarriqueSjandDiicouenes. 135 
 
 antiqua cultuma fucrac prius datum, item duoslohdos de quolibet fcarlato & pannotin- 
 ftoingrano. Item decern &o£to denarios de quolibet pah no, in quo pars grani fueric jn- 
 termixta. Item duodceem denarios de quolibet panno alio fine grano. Item duodceem 
 denarios dc qualibet a:ris quintalla, 
 
 Cumquedeprxfatismercatoribusnonnullieorum alias exerceTefolcantrncrcandifas,vtde . 
 . Auerio pondcris, & dc alijs rebus fubtilibus ficu: dc pannis Tarfenfibus, de ficrico,& cindallis, 
 defeta& alijs diucrfisniercibus, & deequisetiam& alijs 3iiimalibus, blade & alijs rebus & 
 rnercandifis multiniodis, que ad ccrcamcuftumam facile poninonpoterunt, ijdemmerca to- 
 res conceflerimt dare nobis & he/edibus noftris de quahber libra argenti enimationis feu 
 valorisrerum&mcrcandifarum huiufmodi, quocunquc nomine cenfeantur,tres denarios de 
 libra in introitu rerum & mcrcandifarum ipfarum in regnum & poteflatcin r.olirarn pradi<5bm 
 infra viginti dies poftquam huiufmodi rcs& mercandifi in regnum &poteflatemnoitrani 
 adduftx&ctiam ibidem exonerata: feu venditx fucrint. Et funi'itertres denarios dc quali- 
 bet libra argenti in edu&ioncquarumcunque rerum oVmeicandifaium huiufmodi emptarum 
 in regno &c poceflate noftcis prsdidtis vltra cudumas nobis aur alijs ante datas. Kt fuper 
 valore&eftimatione return & mercandifarum huiufmodi dequibus tres denarij de qiialibec 
 libra argenti ficut prsdicitur funt foluetidi, credatur eis per literas, quas de Dominisaui 
 focijsfuisoltendere poterunt: Etfilireras nonhabeant fk'turinhacpaneprjedictorum mtr- 
 catorum, fi prefentes fuerint, vclvaletorumfuorumincorundeinmercatcrum abfcntia,iu- 
 ramentis, 
 
 Liceatinfuperfocijsdefocietatepredictorummercatorum infra rcgnum&potcftatem no- j t< 
 firam pra:diitas,lanas vendere alijs fuis focijs, & ilmilitcr emcre ab ij Idem abfque cultumafol- 
 uenda. Ita tamen quod dicta; lane ad tales manusnon deuenianr, quod decuftuma nobis de- 
 bitadefraudemur. Etprauerea eitfeiendum, quodpoftquamlupradidYnnercatcrcsfemclin 
 vnoloco infra regnum &poteftatem noftram cuftumam nobis concefiam luperius promcr- 
 candifis fuis in forma foluerint fupradicta, & fuum habeant hue warantum, fiue huiuf- 
 modimercandifa; infra regnum & poteftatem noltram remaneanr,fiue exterius deferan- 
 tur, (exceptis vinis,qux de regno & potclhte noftris prafdictis fine voluntate & hecntia noftra 
 ficut prxdiftu eft,nulIaienuseducanrur:)Volumus,acpro nobis, ac ha:redibus,noftrisconcc- 
 dimus,quod nulla ex3(5tio,prifa,vel prarfta do, aut aliquod onus fuper perfonas mercatoru pre- 
 di£lorum,mcrcandifas feu bonaeorundem aliqtiatenus imponatur contra formam expreffam 
 fuperius & conceffam. His teltibus veracibus principalibus, Roberto Camuarienfi Archiepif- 
 copototius Anglix primate,WaltcroCouentria:& Lichfildig epifcopo,Henrico dc Lacy Lin- 
 colnienfe,HumfrcdodeBohumcomiteHerfordienfe&EiTexif&Coii(labulomagnoAnglie, 
 Adomaro de Valentia,Galfrido de Gaymal, Hugone dc Lefpenfor, Waltero dc Bello campo, 
 fenefcallo hofpitij noflri.Roberto de Burijs,& alijs. Datum per manum noitra spud Winde- 
 fore,priroo die Febru arij,annoregni noftri xxxj. 
 
 Theaforefaid generall Charter in Englifh. 
 
 EDwardbp the grace ofi$OD king of England, lo?D of Ireland, Dltkeof Aquitainc, to9rd;bif 
 (hops,T5i(hops, abbots, p?to?s, Caries, Karons, 3ir8ices, ©counts, gouernours.of' 
 ficers,auo all bapliffes,anD bis faithfull people fenoeth greeting. (SLlee bane fpeciall care fo? tf;e 
 gooD cflateof all marcljants of tbekingcoineB.lancSjanticountretS follotoing : to tost of Almaine, 
 France, Spaine, Portugal , Nauarre, Lombardie, Florence, Prouence, Catalonia, of our Eu* 
 Chie of Aquitaine.ThoIoia, Caturlune, Flanders, Brabant, anDofall otbfE fo?rctne CCuntrciS 
 ano places bptohat name foeueuhep be calico, tobtch. come into our kingBome of England, ami 
 there rcmapue.cbat the fapo marchants imp liue in quiet aim full fecurttic biiDer our Dominion in 
 time to come, COljerefoje that their hearts Defires map bee mojereaDilp inclineo to ourfcrmce 
 anDtheferuiceofourhingDome, luee fauourablp agreeing to tijeir petitions, foj the fuller af= 
 ring of their efiate , hatte thought gooo tograunt to the fapD marchants foj be ano cur Ijeires. 
 foj euer thefe p?iuilcDges bitter fo)jitten,o?Daining in fomic as follotoetk 
 
 jfirff,trjat all marchants of the fapn kingoomes ano countreps map come into our feingBome i , 
 of England, ano anp inhere elfe into our Dominion toith their inarchanoifcs luljatfocucr fafelp 
 ana fecurelp unoer our Defence ano protection mittjouc paping toharfage , pontage , c} 
 pannage, 9no that in Cities, Troughs, ann market toluncs of the fapD kingoome ano 
 liominion tljep map traffique onelp bp the great as toell tuith the naturnll fubiects sno 
 infjabitantes of our afojcfapDe kingDome anD Dominion, as Haiti) fo?reiners, Qraungers , 
 0} pjiuate perfon.3, pctfo, that marcljancifes luhicb are commonlv calltD merceric tuare?, 
 
 ' £g 2 ano 
 
■ ■■■■ —— , ■— — .— , -* ■■' ■- — ^ 
 
 1 6 The Englifh Voyages, The great Qoarter of Ed. h 
 
 ano fpices, ruap be folo bp tbe fmall,as Ijerctofojc fjatlj bin accuflomeD. 9 no tljat all tfjc afo?efato 
 sin deception ,,1atc b autB ma P car P °? ca "fe t0 be car i el1 toljifljer tljcp toill,aftocll toitljinour realme o? Dominion, 
 foi rrafirMns as ol|t °f £ he fame ; fauing bnto tljc countreia oftlje manifeft ano fenotone enemies of our hing« 
 Sfeeofrtj" t>oroe,djofcmarcljanD!festobicljtbep fljall bjingintoou^ 
 
 hinsocrmc. ctljertoife purcljafe in our fapo realme anD Dominion , paying fuel; ctiflomcsas tljep ougljt to Doe; 
 ejecept onelp toines,toljicb it (ball not be anp toapeslatof till f 0} tljcm to carp otit of our fapo realme 
 anD Dominion toitljout our fpeciallfauour ano licence, after tbep be ence bjougljt into our realme 
 - anD Dominion. 
 
 2. 3ltem that tlje afojefapD marcbants map at their pleafure lobge $ remaine toitb their gooDS in 
 tlje citiea,bo?ougljs,an:i totoncs. afojefatD,voitlj tlje gooo lifting of phofe tohicfc are otonersof their 
 loDgings. 
 
 3 . Stem tfjat euerp bargain? mace bp tbe faio marchants tot'tb anp maner of perfons, of toljat pla» 
 ces faeuer tbep be,fo? anp ruid of marcljaDife tobatfoeuer, fijalbefirme $ IIable,lo tbat none of both. 
 tfjc marcbants (ball fljjinfte o? giue bacfte from tljat bargainc , after tbat the earned penie be once 
 giuen ano taftenbettocene tlje principal! bargapners. &iu>ifperaDuentureanp ffrife arife about 
 tbe fame bargaine 5 thetriall anD inquirie thereof fljall bemaoe accojDtngto thebfes anDcuGomeg 
 of tlje fapjes ano totoncs toberc it cljanceo tbat tbe faio bargaine toas maoe anD contracteo, 
 
 <j. 3!tem,toe pjomifetlje afojefaio marcbantg granting fo? cuer foj bganD our Ijeirrs , tbat front 
 
 bencefoo?tljtoetoillnotinanptoifemafteno?caufetobe maoc anp flap ojarreff, ojanp Dclap b]? 
 
 reafonofarrefloftljcirtoares, marcljanoifes o?otbergcoDg,lpourfeIues, ojbp anp other o?o» 
 
 tljerefoj anp neeoe 0? acciDent againfl tlje tutll of tlje fapo marcbantg, toitbout p?efent payment of 
 
 fticlj a p?ice as tlje marcljantg tooulD Ijaue folo tbofe marcljanDifcsfo? to otljcr men,o? toitbout ma» 
 
 fcing of tbem other fatiffaction.fo tbat tljep fijall bolD tljcmfclues toell contenteD : anD tljat ne pjice 
 
 0} baluatton fhalbe fet bpon tbeir toareg, marcbanoifes,? gooDs bp bs j bp anp officer of ours. 
 
 5. 3Item,toc mill tljat all bapliffes anD officers of fap?cg,citics, bo?ougljg,sr.D market totones fljall 
 
 JmnmVv 3 coe ty eeI " e UIlJtce ft° m sa ? t0 M P toitlput Delap accojDiug to tlje latoe of S^arcljaius to tlje afo?c= 
 
 &mti ffipDmarcbamstohentbcpiballcompIaine befojethem, touching all anD Gngulcrcaufes,tohtc[} 
 
 map be oetermineD bp tlje fame lam.^no if Default befouno in anp of tlje bapliffes 0? officersafoje* 
 
 fapD.tobere bp rtje fapD marcljants 0? anp of tbem Ijaue fuffaiReb,o j do fuffatne anp Damage tlj^cugfj 
 
 Delap, tbouglj tbe marcljant rccouer Ijislolfes againfl tlje partte p?incipall, pet tbe bapltffe 0? otljec 
 
 officer fljall be punifljcD to bstuatD, accojDmg to tljequalitieof tbe Default, 9nDtoce Doe grans 
 
 tbispunifbment in fauour of tbe afojefapo marcbants in rcgatD of tbe battening of tbeir iuflice. 
 
 31 tem,tljat in al mancr of pleas,famng in cafe tobere pumfljmet of Deatb is tobe inflfctcD, tuyere 
 a marcljant is implcaDeD, 0? fuetfj anotljer, of mljat conDition focue?ljce tec tuljiclj is fueD, 
 6 t toljctljer flranger 0? borne borne, in fapjeS, cities, oj bo?ougbs, lnljere fufficient numbers of mar* 
 cljants of tlje fojefapo countreis are, ano toljere tbe triall ougljt to bee maDe , let tbe one balfe of 
 tbe Juric be of tbe fapo marcbants 3 anD tbe otber halfe of gooo anD latofullmtn of tbe place tobere 
 tlje fuitefliallfall out to bee: anD if fufficient number of marcbants of tljefapo countries cannot 
 bee founo,tljo(c mbicb iball be f ouno fit tn tbat place (ball be put upon tlje iurie,anD tbe refl fljall be 
 cijofen of gooo ano fit men of tlje places robere fucljfuic fljall cljance to be, 
 
 3itemtue MI, toe ojoame, anD toee appoint, tljat in euerp market tctone anD fapje of our 
 realme afo?efapo ana eifetoljere toitbin our Dominion our toeigljt fljall bee fet in fome certiane 
 place ; anD tbat before tlje toetgljing tlje balance fljall bee feene emptie in tlje p jxfeuce of tlje bup« 
 7 * er anD of tlje feller, anD tbat tbe ffealeB bee cquall ; ano tljat aftertoarD tlje toeigbertoeigb in 
 tlje eqtiall balance. 3nD tobenbeebatbfet tbe balances euen, lethim ftraitgbtoaprcmoouebiiS 
 banDs , fo tbat tbe balance map remapne euen : 3nD tbat tljjougljout all our fetngDome ano do= 
 minion tljerc be one tocight anD one meafure, anD tbat tbep be marbeo toitlj tlje marfte of our flan' 
 DarD.anD tljat euerp man map Ijaue a toeigljt of one quarter of an bun6?eD,anDbnDer, tobere tlje 
 fame batljnotbmcontrarptotljelibertpoftbelojDoftbepiacejanD contrarpto tljelibertie gran* 
 teDbpusanoottr p?eDeceflojs, 0} contrarpto tlje cuflomeof totunesano fapjestohKljbatljbi* 
 tberto beene oufemeo, 
 S. 3!tetn toe toill ano toe grant tbat fome certaine faptbfull anD Difcreete man reticent in i on* 
 DonbeappointeD to Doe3iuflice to tbe afojefapD marcbants, before tobome tljep mapljauetljeir 
 futesoeciDccanD mapfpeeDilierecouertljeit Debts, if tlje gihiriffes anD Spate? fijoulo not from 
 DaptooapgiuetljemfpeeDptuflice. anDbereofletaCommifltonbemaDCJ tobicb toe grant unto 
 tlje afo?efaio marcbants befioes tbiiSp?efentCljarter : to tott of fuel) tijinggf as bntocenemaj* 
 c'tjant ano marcljant are to be Decioeo accojDing to tlje latoe of marcbants. 
 p. Stem toe ojoapne ano appopnt, ano toee toill tbat tbis o^Dinance anD flatute fljall firmelpbce 
 obferueo foj euer fo? bs ano our ljetre?,t{jat tlje afojcfapD marcljants Ami not Ioofe the afo?efavo Ii» 
 
 betties 
 
 
Echo.%. Traffiques,and Difcouenes, 137 
 
 beetles nojanp of tbem, foj anp libettie tobatforuer, tobtcbtoeeoj out heues hereafter (ball 
 grant, SlnDfojtbeobtapningoftheafo?efapD liberties anb free cuflomes, ano foj reraiffionof 
 ourattettingoftbeirgooDS.tbeafojefapD marcljsnts all auD euerp of tbem fo? themfclues ano 
 all otherof their parties toitb one accojoe ano one confent bauc granteD bntous, tljat of euerp 
 tumie of mine, UJljicijtUcplijaHljjtngo^caufetobe^otigljttntoottrrealme anbocminian, fo? 
 tohich the? (ball bee bounotopapfreigbt tonto the mariners, befioes the otoccuttomes which are 
 DueanBtoeretooonttobeepapo unto bs,tbeptoill pap bntobs anD toourbeires in the name of 
 a cuttomettoo (billings in monep, either outofbanoe, ojelfe toitbtn fojtie capes after th.e fapa 
 mines (ball bee brought on IanD out oFtfje ttjippes, 3item fo? euerp facto of tooGll, tobicb tbe fapa 
 merchants oj others in tbeir name (ball bup ano carie out of tbe realme , oj catife to bee brought 
 anDcarieoout, tbep toill pap fojtp pence abouetheolD cuttomecf balfeamarke, tobicb toas 
 papeo &sretofo?e : 8nD foj a laftofbiDes to beecarpcDoutof out realme ano Dominion balfe 
 a marfte abottc tljat toljich heretofore toas papeo bp tbe olne cuttome. 3nD lifct toife fo? th?ee bun= 
 Djeth jT dies toitbthetoooll on tbem to bee tranfpo?:cD out of our realme anD Dominion fojtt'e 
 pence, abouetbatcertaine rate tobicb befoje toaspapeDbp tbe oloe cuttome : C-Ufotuio (billing? 
 Upon euerp fcarlate ano euerp cloth DicDingraine. Jtem eigbteene pence fo? euerp clotl) toberein 
 anphinoofgraine ismingleD, 3!temttoelue pence bpon euerp cloth opeotoichoutgrame, Stem 
 ttoclue pence upon euerie quintall of copper, 
 
 SnDtohereasfunDjie of the afo?efapt> merchants aretooont tocrcrcife otfjermarchanDtfcs, 
 as of Hauerdepois, ano otberfinetoares, as farceuets,latones,cinDailes, anb Dike, ano vi- 
 uers other marcbanoifes.anD to fell bojfes ano other beauts , come, ano funojie other things ana 
 marchanoifes, tohich cannot eaBlp bee reDuceD bnto a certaine cuttome: tbefapo merchants 
 bauc grantee to giuebntobs, anDtoourbcireSofetterppouiiD offiluer oftbeeflematicnanDba=> 
 fae of tijefe feinbe of gooosano marchanDifes,bp tohat name focuer tljep be calleb , tb?ec pence in 
 the pouno in the bringing in of tbefegooos into our realme anb Dominion afojefaiD,toithinttoen« 
 tie eapes after thefegooDsanDmarcbanDifeslball be bought into our realme ano Dominion,ana 
 CballbetberebnlaoenanDfolDe, anbltkebatfetb?ee pencebponeuerp potmoof filuerintbecarp* 
 tngoutofanpfuchgooss ano marchanDifcs tobicb are bought in our realme ano Dominion afoje* 
 fapDabouetbecuttomes befojetime papobntobso? anpof cur progenitors, anbtoucbingtbeba* 
 lite anb ettimation of tbefe goobs ano marchanDifes.tohereof three pence of euerp pouno of filuer, 
 as is afo?efapD,is to be papo, creDite (balbe giuen but o tbem bpon the letters tobicb tljep are able 
 to (betoefrom their matters orparteners, 9no if tbephatie no letters in this bchalfe,toetoill (tana 
 totbeotbeoftbeforefapomarchantstftbfpbee pjefent, o?in their abfence to thcotljesoftljeic 
 feruants, 
 
 apojeouer, it ffeall be latofull for fuel) as be of tfoe companp of the aforefapD marcbants totthttt 
 our realme ano Dominion afojefnpb, to fell luoolles to other of their companp, anD lifeemife to bup 
 ofthemtoitboutpaping of cuttome. 3Detfo, that the faiDtoools come not to fucb banDs,tbattoec 
 be DefrauDen of tbe cuttome Due bnto bs» 3no furthermore it is to be UiiberttooD.that after that the 
 afojefaio marchantshaueoncepaprD in one place Dutbtn ourrcalme ann Dominion: the cuttome a= 
 ioue grantco bnto bs in fojme afoiefapo fo? their marchanotfes,? haue their warrant tl)erof,turjc= 
 ther tbefe marcljanDifes remapne iuitbin our feingDoroe o? be carieo out(crceptingtoines,tof;ich in 
 no lMifeujalbecarieDfojtbof our realme anb Dominion afojefapD,iriitl;outottrfauourf licence as 
 is afojefapo) toe mil ann toe grant fo ) bs anD our betres,tbat no crecutioi^attachment, oj loane, o? 
 anp other burthen be lapo bpon the perfons of the afo?efapo marcbants, bpon their marcbanoifes 
 oj; gooos in anp cafe.contrarp to tbefojme before mcntioncD eno granteD. 'iEhe faitfefull j p?inci= 
 palltoitneffes of trjefc p?cfents are thefe,Roberc ^rebbtujop of Cantcibury,p?imate of all Eng- 
 landjWalcer biQjop of Couetrey anD Lichfield, Henry LacieofLincoIne,HumfrcydeBohume, 
 Carle of Herford anD EflTex.higbdcnfiable of Englan djAdomare of Valentia,Geofrey of Gay- 
 jnal,Hugh Spenfer.W alter Beauchampe §>enefchall of CUC bcmfe, Roberc of Bures, ano Others, 
 
 <Stuen bp our otone hanD at Windefore tbe firfloap of ^eb?uarp,in tlje pere of our reigne rrri. 
 
 De mercatoribus Anglix in Norwegia areftatis, 6c 
 
 eorum mercimonijs dearrejlandis litem Ed wardi fecundi 
 
 anno fexto rcgni fui a Haquino regi Norwcgig. 
 
 Agnifico principi domino Haquino Dei gratia regi Nor wegie^lluftri ) amicofuochariG> 
 (imo Ed warduseadeDei gratia rex Anglig 1 Dom.Hibemig J & dux Aquitanif falutecu 
 dilcclione finccra. Miramur no inodicu & in incimis comurbamui de grauaminibus 
 
 M 3 &op« 
 
Ss 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Nauigations, Edvp.i. 
 
 Villa de Tonwt 
 txrgb. 
 
 &opprefTionibusqu2Efubditisnoflris infra regnumveftrumcaufancgociandi venientibushis 
 diebus plus folito abi'que caufa rationabili.ficut ex graui querela didicjmus,infcrumur, Nuper 
 fiquidemWillihelmusfiliusLaurcntijdc Waynflcete,Simon filius Alanideeadem,Guidofi- 
 Iius Mathei & eorum focij mercatores noftri nobis conquerendo monftrarunt, quod cum ipli 
 quofdam homines & feruientesfuos cum tribus nauibus fuis ad partes regni veftri, ad negoti- 
 andum ibidem tranfmififlent: & naues ilk in portu villi veftra; de Tonnesbergh halece & alijs 
 bonis diuerfisvfque ad magnam fummam onerata? fuiflent :Etlicetnautis nauiuprardiclarum 
 hominibufque & feruientibus prardidlis a regno veflro libere cum nauibus & bonis pra?di6~tis 
 ad partes Anglic; redeundi veltras fieri feceritis de coduclu, pofimodum tsmen antequa naues 
 illse propter venticontrarietateportum prsdiftum exirepotuerunt, quidam balliui veftri na- 
 ues prsedidtas cum hominibus& bonis omnibus tunc exittentibus in eiidcm,occafione mortis, 
 cuiufdammilitis nuper balliui veftri in Vikia per malefa<Sores&piratas,dum naues pisdiclx 
 in portu fupradidto ficut prarmittitur remanferunt fupra mare vt dicitur interfedti, de mandate* 
 vellro vt dicebant arreftarunr, & diu fub areflo huiulmodi detinebanr,quoufque videlicet ho- 
 mines & marinarij prardidi de quadraginta libris fterlingoru ceno die ftatuto ad opus veftrum 
 pro qualibetnauipredidtarum foluendis inuiti& coafti lecuritatem inueniflent : Etfimiliterdc 
 eifdem nauibus cum hominibusprardidtis infra portum prardidumcitra feftu narkuitatis San- 
 cli Ioannis Baptifte proximo futuroadftandumtunc ibidem de pcrfonis & nauibus fuisve- 
 ftregratig feu voluntatis arbitrio reducendis tresobfides vlteriushbcralTent : quodipfisvalde 
 graue cenfetur, & auditu mirabile auribus audient ium non immerito reputatur.Et quia contra 
 rationem & gquitatem,omnemq; iuftitiam fore dinofcitur,atque legem, quod delinquentium 
 culpe_ feudemcritain peifonis vel rebus illorumqui criminis rei confeij vel participes,feude 
 huiufmodidelinquentiumfocietatenonfuerunt,aliqualiter vlcifcantur,\eftramamicitiamaf- 
 fedtuofe requirimus & rogamus, quatenus prsmifla diligenti meditatione zelo militia- pondc- 
 rantes,obfides pre; dittos iubere velitis ab hoftagiamento huiufmodi liberari, didtamq; fecurita- 
 tcmrelaxaripcnitus& refolui. Scientesprocerto, quod fi malcfaclores prgdidti, quidi$um 
 militem veftrum,vt dicitur,occiderunt,alicubi infra regnum feu poteftatem nofti am poterunt 
 inueniri, deipfis iuftitiam & judicium fecundum legem & confuetudinem eiufdem regni fieri 
 faciemus. Non enimpoffumus his diebus Kquanimiter rolerare, quod naues prfdidtf feu a- 
 lix de regno noftro , qua? femper promptf ad nofttum feruitium efle dtbent, extra idem reg- 
 num ad partes remotas fe diuertani fine noitra licentia fpeciali. Quid autem ad hanc noflram 
 inftantiam faciendum decreueritisinpremifils, nobisfi placeat refciibatisperprefentiumpor- 
 tatorem. DatsapudWindeforcdecimo fextodieAprilis. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 The letters of Edward the fecond vnto Haquinus king oiNoftoay, 
 
 concerning the Englifh marchants arretted in T^orway, 
 
 and their goods to be freed from aireft. 
 
 © the mightp l|D?ince,Io?D Haquinus, bp the grace cf (Son the famous kmg 
 of Norway his mofl Dearc fricnD, Edward bp the fame grace of (Sotting of 
 England, loju of Ireland, DUfee of Aquitaine, greeting 811D fmccrclotie. 
 
 j cUemaruell not a little , ansarenmcljDifqMctcDhtourrogitations, ronfi» 
 |Deringtbegreeuancesanoopu?£inons 3 Uil)!cIj(asinecljauel;eenctnfojmcDbp 
 pitifuil complaints) are a: tljig p?cCcnt ,iro?c tljcn in ttntf ss paft,toitfcGUta« 
 np reafonable caufe infiictet) upon our fubiccts, tobicb Doe tofuallp refojt unto 
 pour feingDome fa? traffiques fake, jfo? of lateone William the fornic of Laurence of Wain- 
 fleete,ant> one Simon the fonne of Alan of the fametotone, anDGuidothe fonne of Mathew, auB 
 their afTociacos our marcbants, in complapnittg tonfe DcclareD bnto bs: thathauing Cent rer« 
 taine of theft factors aitt> feruants , toitb thjee ujippesinto pour dominions, there to ercrcife traf« 
 ■aiBttotoneof fique,ano thefapofljtpsbeinglatienintlje^auenof pourtotene ofTonnesbergh,to>ith fiperringg 
 •roncsbcrgh. gntJ ^^ commot , j t j tSi . t0 a g rcat jjalue s anB alfo tlje fain marincrs.inen, anb fcruanw of tlje foje» 
 rapoujippcs.bcinglicenceDbpbertucoftljrfafeconrjucttoljtcl) pou hac grantee them, freelp to 
 rettttneftom pourkingrjomebntotbe parts of England mith their fl)ipsanrjgooDsafo?efapti, but 
 aftcrtoarD not being able to Depart out of pour hauen bp rcsfon of contrarp tuinoes : certaine of 
 pourbapltffcsbponoccaftonofcljefiaughter ofahnigrjt bnng (jimfelfealfcof late pctirbapliffe 
 of Vikia, committee bpmalefactojsanB ipiratcsbpon tlje fca, luljikCtije fapD ujippes rtmaincB 
 in tlje ljauen afojefapo, DiD at pour commanoement (as the? fap) arufi , sr.D fo? a long feafon alfo 
 
 Dttcinco 
 
 
Edw.z. Traffiques^and Difcoueries. 135? 
 
 Detctneo miDcr tbatarreft, tljc fojefaio tljipSjluit^ all t(jc mcuann gooes that lucre in them: name* 
 Iptmtill fuel; time,a0tbe men ano mariners afojefaipe (becing D?iuen perforce, aim conGramctj 
 thereunto) ujoulo lap in uifficientfccuritie fo? the papmenc of fo?tic pounce acrIing,t)pon a certain 
 cap appointeD,imto poucDfe,fo? euerpof tJje fcnefaioeujips : ano alfo until] tljtp had mo?eouerDe> 
 liuereo tlj?ec plcoges , fo? tbe bringing of the faioe (bips anD men backe againc into tlje fo?efaiD ha= 
 uen. before tbefeafl of the natiuirie of S.Iohn the 15aptift" ncrtenfuing, then anD there to Kane Uit« 
 ro pour fauour anD curteilc.as touching the fain perfons,anD tljofe fljips of theirs : mijiclj Dealing, 
 the parties tbemfelucs take berp grieuouflp, pea, anoall otljers that beare thereof cljinke it to be a 
 fftasge ano bntoonteo courfe, ana beratife it is moft totDoubteolp contrarp to all rcafon, cquictc, 
 tumccano Iatoe,tbat tlje faults o? Demerits of off enDers OjoulD in anp fo?t be punifljeD in fuel) per= 
 fon&o? in cljcir gooos, as neither haue bene acccffo?p no? partakers in tlje crime,™? haue baD anp 
 foeictp toith tbe faioe offenDers : toe Docheartilp intrcat ano rcquctt pour ipighnes, that tocigbing 
 ano^otiDcring tlje matter in tbe balance of iutf ice,peu tooulo ofpour lotte anDfrienDfljip,commano 
 tbe fo?efaiD plcDgesto be fet at libertic, ano tlje faio fecuritiebttcrlp to bee rcleafeD ano acqttitcD* 
 9ns knoto pou this fo? a certaintic 3 tb3C if tlje fojefaioe malefactors, toljo (as it is repo?teD) fietoe 
 pour Knight afo?efaioe, (ball anp tobere toitbin our realme anD Dominions be founD , toe toil caufe 
 tullice ana iuogement to bee erecuteo bponthem, acco?Ding to tbe latoe anD cultome of our fapoe 
 Healme. jfo? toe cannot in tljefe times conuenicntlp ano toell inottre, tljat tlje Crips afo?cfaiDc, o? 
 anp otljec fijips of our kingoome (tobiclj ought alteapes to be in a reaoinelTe fo? our feruice) fljoulo 
 totthottt fpeciall licence, Depart out of our faiDekmgDome, onto fo?reine Dominions* j©otoe,tobat 
 pou (ball tbink gooo at this our rcqueft to pcrfojme in tlje p?emi[fes<, map it pleafe poubp the bca« 
 rerofthefe p?efentstoreturneananftocretontoDs, (SeuenatWindfore tlje 1 6« ofQjpjil. 
 
 Another Letter of Edward the fecond, to Haqumus King 
 
 of Norway, in the bchalfe of certaine Englifh 
 
 Merchants. 
 
 MAgnificoPrincipiDom.Haquino Dei gratia regi Norwegian illuftri,amico fuochaiillt- 
 mo, Edwardus eadem Dei gratia Rex Anglia^dominusHybemia:, &dux Aquitania:, 
 falutem cumdile6iionc fincera* Querelam diledorum Mercatorum noiirornm Thoma?de 
 Swyn de Waynfleetc, & Simonisfilij Alani dc eadem recepimus,continentem, Quod cum 
 ipli nuper quofdam fcruientes fuos infra regnum veftrum pro fuis ibidem exercendis merci- 
 monijs tranf:ninffent,Thefaurarius vefter bona&mercimoniaprajdiiStorumThoma: & Si- 
 monisadvalenciamquadragintalibrarum,qua;feruientespra:didiinvilIade Northbernein Nort i.b„ x 
 fuacuftodiahabuerunt,dieSan61i Michaelisvltimopmericafecitabfquc caufa rationabili a- villa. 
 reftari, & ea adhuc talker areftata decinet iniufte,in ipforum Thoma: & Simonis damnum non 
 modicum & depauperationem manifedam, Et quia eifdem mercatoribus noGris fubuenire 
 volumus.quatenusfuadenteiuftitiapoterimusinhacparte.vcftramamicitiamrcquirirnuscurn 
 affedtu, quatenus audita querela pridi&orum Thomx &Simonis , vel ipforum attumatorum 
 fiiper reftitutione bonorum & mcrcimomomm pra;dicT:orum impendere velitis eifdem celcris 
 iuftitisecomplementum: Ita quod pro defe£tu exhibitions iuftitiatiuper arcftatione prxdifta 
 non oporteat nos pro mercatoribus noftris prxdic^is de alio remedio prouidcre. Nobis autem 
 quid ad hanc noftram inftantiam duxeritis faciendum, rcicriberevclitisperprgkntium porti- 
 torem. Data: vt fupta. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 T© trjc mightie pjtnee Iojd Haquinus, bp tlje grace of tffioD tlje famous Sing of Norway, 
 bis moflDcarefrtenDEdwardbp tbe fame graceof (Sod king of England, lo?Dc of Ireland, 
 anD Duke of Aquitaine,grcetinganDlinccreioue. ftOeerecciueD the complaint of our toel'jeIo s 
 SpCtCljantS Thomas deSwyn of Waynfleet,anD Simon tlje fonne of Alanus of tl)C fanietOtoner 
 tlje contents toljereofare,tljattobereasoflate, the faice parties fent certaine of tljetr feruants to 
 traffike in pour kingoome, pour t£reafurerbpon the fcaffi of S.Michaellatt pall, toitljout anp tutl 
 o?reafonabIeoccafioH,CflufeD the gooos ano mercljanDife of tlje fojefaioe Thomas anD Simon, to 
 tbebalue of fo?tie pomiD.toljich tljeit faio feruants haD bnoer their cuttoDie at tlje totone of North- 
 berne,to bt arreGco, anD as pet alfo iniurioudp Detetnetlj tlje fame fanner tlje fame arrett.to the 
 great Damage anD iinpatterifijing of tlje fapD Thomas anD Simon, Sno fojafmuclj as our DcCre is 
 to fuccour tijefc our marcljants fo far foo?tlj as toe can, JuGtce requiring no Iefle in tljis bebalfe, 
 
 toe 
 
14.0 
 
 „^___ . i ■ Tl ■ "' 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Nauigations, Echp.z. 
 
 wee Dor right earncfflprcqueflpou, that Ijatuug IjearDc the complaint ana rupplicRttou ofttjc 
 fo?efapoe Thomas ami Simon, ojof their atturnepcs , pou toouloe of pour icue ano fricno* 
 finp , touchfafe them fpeeote aominiitratton of juftice , about the rcfiitutton of their gocng 
 atiD marchanmfe afo?efaioe : leatt that fo? toant oftheerbibiting of 3Iuflice about the fojefaiii 
 arreff.tBebeconttraincDts pjouioe forme other remeotefo? our mar chants at ojefaiD«ffiur requeff 
 is, that poutoJoulDbp the bearer of thefep?efcntB,rctu.rttC an anfaeretonto&B.tohatpouare Deter* 
 mineDtorioe,at this our infiant motion, (Stuenagaboue. 
 
 A third letter of King Edward the fecond , to 
 Haquinus Kjng of Norway in the behalf e 
 of certaine Englifh Marchants. 
 &*) 
 
 Mi 
 
 ' Agnifico Principi Domino Haquino Dei gratia Regi Norwegian illuflri, amico fuo 
 Lchariflimo, Edwardus eadem Dei gratia Rex Anglia;,dominusHybemi<e,&duxA- 
 quitania:, falucem curndiIe<5tione fincera. Pro mercatoribus noflris Lenna?, & partiumvi- 
 onarum, quosBalliuus & Officiary veftri ciuitatisveftra: Bergen dudumcepeiunt, & firi<3o 
 carccri manciparunt, quorum muliivt iamintellcximus,propter alimcntorumfubtractionem 
 & duritiam, ac afperitatem carceris pcrierunt, vt ipforum & bonorum fuorum deliberatio- 
 nemprarciperecuraretis, veftraeferenitatiRegia: noftrasnuper tranfmifimus literas fpeciaks. 
 Sed vos, retencis adhuc in carcere noflris mercatoribus ficutprius, nobis perliteras veftras 
 quas audiuimus & intelleximus diligenter, inter cetera ieicripfiftis, quod quidammcr- 
 catorcs de regno vcflro deiniurijs, violentijs& arrcflationibus, quibusin regno noftro his 
 diebus tunc, vt aiTerunt, contra iuliitiamaggrauati,"mukipliciterconqueruntur, adijeiendo 
 in veftris literis memoratis, quod quidam iniquitatis fihj in villa Lcnnar , ad pifcandum 
 Vt dicebanthalecia venientes, quendam militem Balhuuru veftrum, inVikia vna cum de- 
 cern alijs lubditis veftris , in veftris & regni veftri negotijs exiftentibus crudeliter occide- 
 runt. Super quibus mens noftra grauatur quamplunmum & turbatur, prarfertim quum 
 nunquam noftra: fuerit voluntatis, quodiniurise, violencis, feu arreflationcs aliqua? mer- 
 catonbus, vel alijs de regno veflro per siiquos de regno & poteflate noflris ficrent inde- 
 bite vel iniufte : nee adhuc intelligere pcflumus, quod mercatoribus veftris per aliquem 
 vel aliquos de lubditis noflris hue vfque aliter fadttim 'fuerit: Scientes pro certo quod il 
 nobis per iuquifitiones legitimas conftarepotciit huiulmodigrauamina iubditis vtftris in- 
 fra regnum noftrum illata fuiffe , nos fufficientes emendas, & fatisfaftiones debitas fu- 
 per illis, celerifque iufliria: complementum fieri faciemus* Et infuperfimalef'a&oresprae- 
 di6ti, qui prifatum militem , & alios fecum exiftentes, vcpra*mittitur,occidcrunt,de reg- 
 no, feu poteftace noflra fint , vel infra idem regnum vel poteftatem poterunt inueniri, 
 de ipfis iudicium Si iuftitiam fieri prsecipiemus, fecundum Leges & confuetudines regni 
 noftri . Et quia inter nos & vos, noflrofque & veftros lubditos hinc inde foueri defidera- 
 mus mutuam conccrdi3m& amorem ; ita quod mercatores noftri & veftri mcrcandifas 
 Amiquitai com- f uas m no ftris & veftris regnis & dominijs libere, & abfqueimpediinento valeant exerce- 
 gifam&Norwe. re, prout temporibus progenitoium ncftrorum fieri confueuit , & ex di&arum literarum 
 giam. vcftratum ferie collegimus euidenter vos promptos efle fimiliter , & paratos ad omnia & 
 
 fingula, quas pro vobis & veftris fubditis fuper difcordijs, contentionibus, aut grauami- 
 nibus inter noftros & veftros fubditos qualitercunque fufcitatis pro bono pacis & iuftitire fu- 
 erint arquinimiccr facienda : Nos cor.fimilia pro nobis & noftris, quantum ad nos & ad 
 ipfos attinet, illius amore, qui pacis author foredinofcitur, & pro quiete & commedo po- 
 puli vtriufque regnorum noftrorum, quatenus ins & ratio di6titauerint , promictinius nos 
 fadturos: Veftram amicitiam requirentes obnixius & rogantes, quatenus mercatores no- 
 ftros prarditfos, qui adhuc fuperflitesrelinquuntur, quoseriam tempore , quodida felonia 
 commicti dicebatur, interclufos tenebat cuflodia carceralis , iuberc velitis noftri contemplati- 
 one,zeloque iuftitix ab liuiufmoni cuftodia liberari, bena ab ipfis capta eis prout iuftum 
 fueritreftitui faciendo. Etvtdeliberatio mercatorum noftrorum praedic-iorum , &bonorum 
 fuorum eo faciliusconcedatur, placeat vobis cum diligentia debita ponderare,quodGaIfridus 
 Drewe,& quidam alij mercarores noftri de Lenne,quibufdam mercatoribus de regno veftro 
 occafioneciufdem grauaminis ipfis mercatoribus veftris, ad fedamTidemanni Lippe infia 
 
 
£ctw.z. Traffiques ? andDifcouenes. 1^.1 
 
 regnumnorirum,vtdicebatur,illati,cencumlibrasfterl]ngorumpcrio!uerunc,(kutin quodam 
 foipto indentato inter Ingelramum LendedeThorenden, & quofdam alios mcrcatores ve- 
 ftros ex parte vna, &prsefatutnGAlftidum, & quofdam alios de regno noRro fimiliter ex al- 
 tera confe&o , vidimus contineri.Siquiverodefubditis veftris de aliquibus iubditis noftris, 
 dealiqua injuria ipfis facta querelas in curia nottra deponcre voluerint, &pro(equi cum ef- 
 feClu,ipforum fubditorum veftrorum petitionesadmkti , & cis fuper querelis huiufmodi ple- 
 nam & celerem iuftitiafieri faciennis, Ita quod ijdem fubditi vcltri exinde reputare debebunc 
 meritofecontentos.Et interim deexceflibus & grauaminibus fubditis veftris infra reonum no. 
 ftrum qualicercunque illatis inquitifaciemus cum diligentia veritatem* Veftrx igitur volunta- 
 tis beneplacitum in premiflis nobis refcnberevelitis per pigfenciumportitorem. Datse apud 
 Weitminfter tertio die Aprilis. , 
 
 The fame i n Englifii. 
 
 T2D tlje migljtie p?ince king Haquinus,bp tljc grace of <Sod the famous kino; of Norway,!)!!* 
 tmflocarefrtenD Edward bptljefame grace of <0oD,feing;ifEngLiid,IoiD of Ireland.Dufte 
 of Aquitaine, greeting ano Itncerelouc. We fcnt of late unto pour roimll maicflie our fperial let* 
 tcrs, fo? the beljalfe of out late marcljants of Lenne.anb of tbccoafl aDiopntng ;(to!jomepour bail? 
 ano officers of the citie of Bergen latelp app?eljenDeo , committing then* to cfofc p,u'fcn, iranp of 
 tohoine,aslxiebnoerttanD,are,fo?toantofouenouriQjment,anobpreafonoftI)e£rtrenutic?lofltb s 
 fomnefle ofttje p?ifon, quite periujeo) that pott tooufa cattfc tfjcm ano tljetr gooDS to bee releafctr, 
 Jlpo\Bbeit,pott reteining as pet our marchants in Durance as before, in pour letters, tobtcb toe baue 
 Btligentlp IjearD, ano tb?ougblp bnDcrflooo, Ijaue, amongfl other matters , rctumeo this anCtecre 
 bnto bs : tbat certaine marchantsof pour kingbome Doe make funbjie complaints of iniuries.bi'o* 
 lences ano arrefls , toljerebpthep baue latelp (as tljemfelucs auoticlj) contrarp to iuflice bcneag* 
 grieueo ano oppje&o in our Dominions: aDDing mojeouer in pour fapoe letters, that certaine 
 ronnesofintquitieoftbetotoneofLenne,comming,aStbcpratDe,tofi(l)foj!)ervings,crueIipniur» 
 tljeren a certaine lXnigbt,toljotoas in times patt pour bapliffe of Vikia, together toitb ten otSjergs 
 of pour fubiects, beingimplopcb about the affaires of pour kingoome. 3In confiDeratton tohereof 
 our minoe is erceeDiuglpanb aboue meafure grietteo ano troublco, cfpcciallp tubence it toas neuec 
 anp part of our intent , that anp inittries, Violences , 0? arrefls fijottlD bntufllp be infiicteo Upon a* 
 Hp marchants, 0? anp others of pour realme bp anp of our kingoomes : neither can toe as pec baue 
 anp intelligence, that anp fuch barb meafure hath bene offcreo bnto anp of pour marchants, bp &> 
 nponeojmoeof ourfubiects: giw'ngpoufo?acertainttetobnDerttanD, that if upon latofull in« 
 quifitiontoe ffjalbe aDuertifeo of anp fitch grteuances,tobicb baue bene offereD bnto pour fubiects 
 toitbin our realme, toe toillcaufc fpceDieiuflicetobeaDminiftrco.anbfufficientrecompence.ano 
 bite fatiffaction to be mabe in regaroe tljercof.Slnb mo?eouer,if the faioe malefactors, tohiclj,as it 
 is afojefaiD, fletoe tlje fo?enameo Enigljt, ano other? of his companie, either be appertaining bn. 
 to our kingoome ano Dominion, oj map at anp time be founo toitljin our faioe kingoome 0? Domini* 
 on , toe totllcommaiiD iuflice anb iuogement to be erecuteb upon them, accojoing to the latoes ano 
 cuflomesofourrealme^nDfo^afmucbasourDeGretSjthatmutuaUconcojbanDamitiefboulQbe 
 maintcineD ano cljeriujeo bettoeen pour anb our fubiects on boti) parts : fo that our anb pour mar* ^., c mj ( . f 
 tljantsuiap,iribotboutlR.caImes anDOomintons, freclpanDtoitboutimpeDimenterercife their ofrraffiqueSw 
 traffique, as in t[je times of our progenitors itbatlj bene accuflomcD:ft!3bcreasaifo toe euiornt* 1^™,*^ 
 Ip gathcreo out oftfje contents of pour letter, that pats are in like fo?t reaDie ano toilling to put all «"/. 
 things in p?actife, toljiclj are bp pott ano pour ftibiccts(fo? the taking atoap of Difco?DS, contenti= 
 ons,anD moleflations hotofoeuer occafioheD, ano fp?ung bp bettoccne pour ano our fubiects) lo« 
 uinglp to be perfomicb : toealfoboe p?omifc fo; ourfelues,anb our fubiccts.fo much as in bs am 
 tbem lietb , fo? W ^ke toho is knotoen to be tljc autbo? of peace , ano fo? the benefite 9 tranqutlit ie 
 ofbotbourEealmes (as iuflice anbrcaronujallmotte bs) toboetbclike.Deflring ano carneS!? 
 requefiing at pour banos, that of pour loue anofrienbibip, hauing regaro of bs , ano conflDcration 
 of iuflice, pott tooulD commauna that our fojefaibe marchants , toijo as pet remaine alute,aiiD tobo 
 alfo at tlje time of the faioe felonie committeo , tocrethutbp in clofep?ifon,bcDelitiereD out of the 
 faiDetb?aIoome, caufing their gooDstohicb baue bene taken from them, to bee, acco?Ding bnto 
 iuflice, reflo?eb to tljem again. 3no that the oeliucricof our fo?efaiDe marchants ano gooDs,map be 
 themojeeaClppeelDeo onto,map it pleafepoutoitlj biligenr obferuation to conftDcr, that Gefivrey 
 Drew,anb certaine other ofour mardjantsof Lenne,bponcccafion of tljc greiuances offereD bn* 
 to pour marchants toitljin our ftcalme,(as tlje report goetb)attbefuiteof TidmanLippe,pajDe 
 bntotbefamcpourmarcljantsfauljunbjetljpounDCerling : euenas m a certain 3lnbentui - c trace 
 
 bcttocens 
 
bte TlieEnglifti Voyages, The Staple Ed.i, 
 
 tct'oJCcncIngelramLendccfThorendenjanDfomeotljtrofpourniarcljJunsontljEDncpartjanD 
 bctte?£netbe frjcfaioe Geffrey, anbeertaineef ounnarchantB en the other part, toee fame 
 rontancD, SQojeoucrjtfarrjiofpourfubiectsiuenunDEDCoerrjtbite, anb tffmuallptopjofecuce 
 their complaints in our Court, concemino;anp of our fabtectss , oj of anp tniurp bone btuo them, 
 toe toill caufe the petitions of thofe pour fubicctg to be acmitteb, anb alfo full anb fpecbit iuflice 
 to be aemmiu'reb, bpen anp fuel; like complaints of tbeire. 3nfmmich,tbat tljofc pour fubieccB thai 
 thinlte tbeinfeutcs riajht toell anb fufficicntlp contenfto tberctoitball. 3nD in the meane fpace toe 
 toill cr.:tfc Diliojcnt iuqtiiOtton of the tructh to be mace, of all erceffes ano gneuames hotofoeucc 
 offercD biito pour fubtects toithin our Dominions.^ap it plcafe pou tbcifo?e, bv t&e bearer of tljcfe 
 p?cfcntss,to returnc an anfuiere unto b0,to(jat pou are betermincb to Dee in tbe pjeiiuues* ©men 
 at Weftminilcr,t!)eth!eb oapof 9pjil. 
 
 R 
 
 Maior &Com- 
 
 Chamannoreg. 
 ni fcxto conic- 
 
 De Scapula tenenda in certo loco ordinatio, Anno 13. 
 
 Edwardifecundi. 
 
 Excolle6toribus enftuma? lanarum & pellium lanutarum inportu London faIu:em,Cu;n 
 nos vicefimo die vlaijannoregninoftrifextoaitendcntcs damna &grauamina , quae 
 mercatoribus dc regno noftro diuerfimoae euenerunt , ex to quod mercatores tain indigent 
 quamalienigence lanas & pelles lanutas infra regnum &poteft2temnofiram cmemes, &fe 
 cumeildemlanis&pcllibusadvendendumeasaddiuertaloca infra terras Brabantis, Flan- 
 dria^&deAi toys corumlibito voluntatis tranftulennt:& volentes etiam huiufmodi damnis 
 & grauaminibus quatenus bono modo pofTemusprouidere, dc confilio noftro ordinaucrimus, 
 quod mercatores indigena».&alienigena: lanas & pelles huiufmodi infra regnum & pctcfta- 
 tem pra:di£tam ementes, & ad terras prsdiftas ibidem vendendas ducere volentes, lanas illas 
 & pelles ad certain fiapulam infra aliquamcarundem tenarum, per Maiorem& Cpmmunita- 
 munitas aipuli. temeorundem mercacorum,dc regno noftro ordinandam aftigiiari.scprout &quandoexpe- 
 dire viderhumutandum,& non ad alia loca in terris illis ducant, feu duci faciant vllo modo : & 
 interca:teraconcefierimusmercatoribusde regno noftro fupradiito pro nobis & hxrcdibus 
 noftris, quodipfi Maior & connliumdidtorum mercatorum , qui pro tempore fuerinc , qai- 
 bufcunque mercatoribus indigenis feu alienigenis, qui contra dicfam ordinarionem vencrmr, 
 ckinodorationabiliconuiftifuerinr/certas pecuniae fummas pro delic^is illis iinponanc, & 
 quod illx huiufmodi fummaede bonis &mercimonijs mercatorum ficdclmquentium,vbicun. 
 que ea infra regnum &poteftatcm pre-ditfhminueniri contigertt,pertniniftros noftrosad opus 
 noftrumleuentur : proutinChartanoftraindeconfetfta plenius continetur : qaam quidcra 
 Chartam per finguloscomitatusregninoftrifuper coftcras maris fecimuspublicari.&firmirer 
 inhiberi , ne qui mercatores indigene; feu alienigenje contratenorem Charte- prediclg fub pce- 
 nis contentis in eadem vencrint vllo modo : Ac poftmodum dato nobis intelligi , quod quam- 
 p hires mercatores tam indigent quam alienigense, lanas & pclles lanutas infra regnum & po- 
 teflatem pra:di<5tas ementcs,& fe cum eifdem lanis & pelhbus ad vendendum eas ad alia loea 
 in diclis terris, quim ad Stapulam iuxta conceffionem noftram pre- ditftam per Maiorcm &co- 
 munitatem di&orum mercatorum de regno noftro in aliqua terrarum illarum ordinatam & af- 
 jfignatam tranttulerintinnoftricon,temptum, & contra Chartam ordinationis,publicationis 
 &inhibitionispra?di£tarum aflignauerimus quofciam fidelesnoftros in diuerfis partibus regni 
 ad inquirendum de lanis & pelhbus brums ad diftas terras alibi quam adStapuhm illam du- 
 £tis,itaquodemenda: inde ad nos pertinentes , ad opus noftrum leuentur; etiam intellex- 
 erimus, quod quafi omncs mercatores tamindigena: quam alienigena? huiufmodi merci- 
 monia in dicta regno noftro exercentesfuntculpabilesde praemiflis : &quodp!urcs indein- 
 di£tati,aca!ijtimentcs inde indiitaii, lanas fuas ac pelles lanutas fub nominibus aliorum 
 non culpabilium faciunt aduocari, & extraregnum noftrum tranfmitti quibufdam alienigenis, 
 fie culpabihbus in dictum regnum forfitan non reucrfuris, vt fie forisfa&uras pratdi6tas ef> 
 fugiant.&nos de cmenda ad nos fie pertinente illudant: qua: fi permitterentur fie tranfirc 
 in noftri damnum non modicum redundarent, Nos volentes huiufmodi fraudibus obuiarc, 
 & noftris damnis quatenus bono modo potcrimus prarcauere-, vobis prsEcipimus firmiter 
 iniungentes, quod afingulis mercatoribus lanas feu pelles lanutas per portum prardidum 
 ad partes exteras ducere volentibus corporale faaamentum adfan£ta DeiEuangelia recipi- 
 atis, quod ipfi lanasfeu pelles lanutas fub nomine ipfius, cuius propria: funt, & non alterius 
 aduocabunt. &tunc recepta ab illo cuius lana?& pelles huiufmodi erunt, vel nomine fuo 
 fufficiente fecuritate pro qua refpondere volueritis, de refpondendo & faciendo nobis id 
 quod ad nos pertinet de lanis & pcllibus lanutis per ipfum duclis feu miftls ad aliquam di- 
 
 (Sarum 
 
I — - J — " — — ^^-^^ 
 
 The Staple. 6^.2.Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 14.3 
 
 ftatum terra. umt-iandna: 8t Brabantia:, & de Artoys contra rormaru (Jharta:, proclama- 
 tions T & inhibitionis fupradiftarum , fi ipfum fuper hoc conuinci contingat , Unas & pelles 
 iltasJanutas extra portum pr2Edic^um,tcceptaprius cuftuma debita de eifdem,ad partes exte- 
 «s tranfire permittacis.Tefte RegeapudDoueram dccimo ocftauo dielunij , per ipfum Re- 
 gem & Consilium. 
 
 3 Et poHmodumper brcuedeptiuato figilloeodemmodo mandatumeftcolletSoribuseu- 
 ifiurajeprxdicitJEinportubusfubfcriptis: Videlicet, 
 
 In portu villa: South hampton. 
 
 In portu villse Weymouth, 
 
 In portu villa: Sancli Botolphi, 
 
 In portu -villae de Kingtone fuper HuU, 
 
 In portu villi de nouo Caftro. 
 
 In portu villa: de magna Iernemutha» 
 
 In portu villas de Lenne. 
 
 In portu villa: de GypWico. 
 
 Thefame in Englifli. 
 
 An Ordinance of the Staple to bee holden at one 
 
 certaine place. 
 
 Ti?elKing bntobis CoUe cto?s of cuffome, fo? toooU and tooellcn feist, in bis po?t of London , 
 greeting. 2Bbeceas toe npon tlje ao.ofSpap, inthefirtpeereofourreigne,,conltoeringthe 
 Damages ano grieuances that haue oiuerKp happened unto trje marcbants of sue re'alme.bpon occa« 
 (ton tbat tfer marcljants botb of our otone, f of other cotmtrcis, bupinrj bp toooll and tooolum fels 
 toichtn our htngDoimanDDommions.haue/o? the better Tale ttjereof, at their pleafure conucped 
 theTelues, .wo t r af po? t co tlje fain toooll $ fels into funo?p places toitbin t he p?ouinces of Braban t, 
 Flanders ano Artoys: atio being deGcous alfo. to our power , to p?ouioe a rent cote agaiuQ fuclj oa> 
 mages atto incotmeiiiences,baue o?oained bp out counfel, that all marcbants.botb !jomcbo?ne ano 
 aliens-, buying Dp fuel; toools ano fels , toitbin ouc kingoome ano Dominion afojte faid.and being De« 
 firo'tts to t r anfpo? 1 tbcm into tlje f o ? efaio p?ouinccs, tbere to bee foloe , map carrie t be faiDe tooolg 
 ano fels, b? caufetbem to be earieo to fome certaine ttaple, toitbin anp of tlje faioe la^otuncos , bp 
 tbe Sgtaio? ano Comntunalt ie of the fain marcbants of our rcalme,to be appointed ano atfigneD,ano 
 tohen tbep (ball tbinke it crpcoicnt ,t o be changed ano remoueo, and not bnto anp other place frith* 
 in tlje faioe portinces toljatfoeuer : ano tobereas alfo, amonglt other cljmgs.toe Ijatie granteo Div 
 to the marcljants of out fojefaie realme ,f o ? bs ano our be ices , that the S^aio; ano C ounce! of tbe 
 faioe marcbants fo? t b c time being, map impofe Dp a n all marchan cs,ljomc-bo?nc o? aliens tthatfo< 
 eu: tjtljat (ball tranfgreffe tlje fo icfaio o?oination, ano (ball thereof latofullp be conuictco, certaine 
 fu mm re of m o nr p t o be paid fo? their offences, ano that fuch famines mufl bp out miniCtc rs ano of< 
 ficer s , to our Dfe, be leuieo out of the good s ano toare s of the marcbants fo off endin g , Uiljerefoe* 
 uer the? fljall cijauce to befounD toithin our kingdome ano Dominions afo jefaio, as in out Charter a ^ ,_ 
 maoe fo? tbe fame purpofe , it is mo?e plainlp erp?e(reo,(tobiclj Charter toe haue raufeo to bepub< mac" m t &« 
 Diujed bpon the !§>ea-coalIs, tb?ougljout all tbecountreps of our realme, ano a Brongp?obibition to {{» j£51 ' 
 bep^oclaimeD.tbatnomarcbantSjneitberfjome-bojnCjnojttrangeriSjmapinanptoifetranfgreffe ' 
 
 tlje tencur of tlje fo?efaide Cljarter,bndcr tlje penalties tljerein contained,) ano to hcreas aftertoaro 
 it beeing giucn ds tototderlrand, tljat Diners marcbants both borne- borne, ano aliens, bough? 
 Dp fuel; tooolles ano tooollen fc l ire toitbin ouc faioe Realme ano Dominions, ano conuepeo them* 
 fclurs toitlj tlje faioe toools and felles fo? tbe fale thereof, bntootljcr places to itljintljc fo?efaide 
 IPj&utnces , befiocs tljefaioc Staple, toljicb toas,acco?oing to ourgraunt afojefaioe , appointeo 
 ano joatiieb bp tlje ,T)aii j ano communaltie of t he faio marcbants of our Realme, in fome one of 
 tljofe lp?ouinccs,to tlje contempt of our autljo?ititie,anD contrarp to tbe Cljartcr of tbeojoinationj 
 publication, ano mljibitionafojcfatDe.toeeairigneDcercaine of ourfaitljfullfubiects, in Diuers 
 parts of our Realm e , to make tn qui ft t ion fo? fudj toools and tooollen felles, as tocre conuepeo 
 unto anp other place of tlje faioe lp?ouinces, tben dnto tbe Staple, fo tbat bp tbeft msanes.tbe pe« 
 nalties Due Ditto bSmigbt bee Iemco Ditto our Dfe: and batting intelligence alfo, tbat in a ma> 
 ner all marcbants bat!)liome-bo?ne, and Crangers bartering fucljtoarcs in our kingoome , are 
 culpable of tlje ptemitTes, ano tljat manp being indicted tbereupon, and otbers fearing to bee 
 indicted, doe caufe tijeir toools and tooollen felles to bee auotutyb &nbcc tbe names of per- 
 
 fons 
 
r Wc 3 
 
 I Soui 
 
 \Sain 
 
 JofjKinc 
 
 1^4. The Englifh Voyages, 7 be great Ma.ofTruff. 
 
 fonss not culpable, ana to be fent out c »nto ccrcainettrangcrs being alfo culpable, ano not min= 
 Ding perbaps to return anp mojeintoottr re alme,tbat rfjcpmap lb rfcapetbe tojcfaio forfeiture?, 
 ano oefrauo as of the penaltie,appertaining of rigbt bnto as, (tuljiclj abufefciftljep mere fuffcreo 
 ftto goebr^unittjtobooulce reaouna bnto our ertrcamebmocrance:)anbbeung liketojifeOef> 
 rot© to tmtbttano fucfa occeitefttllacaling, anBfofarre&jiIjaBb>eecan,tap^uentcur otome 
 toffes, toe firmelp commana, ano ftccigljtlp ebarge pou, tbat pou coerccetueof euerp particular 
 mar cbant.aeft rous to conuep anp toools, cj tooollen fels out of the foiefato po?t, into anp.tbirem 
 bominions, a cojpojal oatb bpon <8oos tjoip Cuaugelttts: tbat tbep OjaD suoucb all tijofe toools 
 ano tocollm fels bnocr bis name bnto toljom tbep ooc pjopei Ip belong bnoer tbe name of none 
 otber : ano tljen taking fttfficient fecuritp from tbeotoncr of tbofc tooote ana fels.oj in bis name, 
 in regata tobercof pou toil bnoertake to warrantijcanB make gooa bnto bs tbofe penalttc s ana 
 fojfattttres toljtcbttjalbnto bs appettaine, foj all toools,ano tooalle n fels comtetcoo? Cent bp anp 
 of tbefojcfaio imrcbants bnto anp of tbc fata mouvnees of Flanders,Brabant,anD Anoys.cemra* 
 rp to ttje Cbatter of trje^oclamatum ano inljibition aboue mcntioni:B(if tbep ujal cbance to be 
 comiincebbereof)tbat firtt.ourouccuttome being receiueo,pouooe permit tbe taiBtoGolsaiB 
 tooollen fctetopafreoutoftbefo?efatopo?tintofo?rcincouturtej3. SECtitws tljekihg at Douet 
 tlje 1 8,aap of 31 une . T5p tbe king-btiufcjfe ano fy? Conmell, 
 
 Sua aftertoarae bp a ^ttfebribtttbe ixings pjiuie .feeale tbewtoas a like comrrwnbe* 
 mentgiuen bnto tlje CoUextojs of cljecuttome afojefapbe in tbe pontes bnacrtojitten, 
 
 i?&batistofap: 
 AVtymou:lv. - j'3 
 
 "Southhampton, 
 
 Saint Botulphs tObJnejHoto catleO Bofton. 
 3In tlje pojt of jKingtone bpon Hull, 
 tbc tCobmeof\Ncwcaftle, 
 
 yiernemouth magna, djYermouth* 
 ( Lenne, , ■ .-, 
 
 >-Gypwickoj Ipfvvich. 
 
 A Catalogue of the great Matters of the Order of the 
 Dutch knightSpCommonly called the Hofpitalaries of lerufa* 
 
 km : and what great ex f kites euery of the [aide Majlers hathatchieued, 
 cither in conquering the land of /Vi^/Wjoriniamingand fubduing 
 the InfideIs,or els in keeping them vnder their obedience 
 and fubie6toon,cakcn out of Munftcr, 
 
 $e ojaer of tlje Dutcb knigbts baa Heir firtt original at Ierufalem fn rlje pere 
 of our lojoe 1 ipo.toitbintbe^ofpitallof tbe bleffea Uirgine: anotbefirft 
 Spatter oftbefaibe ojaer tons calleb Hemic of Walpor, bnoer toljcmemanp 
 gooa tbings, anb mueb toealtlj ana rtctjesf toerc tbjoudjaut all Germanie ano 
 Italic pjocureb bnto tlje jam ana tljefdioe $)ofpitalftoas remotteb from Ie- 
 lufalcm bnto Ptolemais.otberbJtferalleaAcon/no tbc fo?cfaio©?bergrebJ 
 anb nugbtilp increafea, toljercof 3 toill Ijereafter btfeour fe mo je at large in mp 3£reatife of Sy- 
 ria, Henrie of WalpotBeceafeDmtbepccre ofCb?itt 1 200. %\)t 2. Staffer teas Otto of Ker* 
 pen.anobecontinuta Spatter oftbeiSDjacrfojtbefpaceoffrrcpeercs, ^be j.toae Hermannus 
 Bartagoolp amaeuoutperuin,bJboaeceafcaintbepccre ii 10, being interna at Aeon, ass bis 
 pjeaeceflbjs ttere. < Cbe4. teas Hermannus de Saltza, tofjo tbirtie peeres togetljer gottemeo 
 tbe faiae ffijacr , ana managea tbc furtt crpeaitionof roarrc againtttbe infiaels of Pruffia, ana 07.= 
 aainco anotber Spatter alfo in Pt uffia to bee bis Deputie in tbe fame region, 3in tlje pcere 1239, 
 tbekmgbtsoftbe fu)ojB 3 tobotraueilcointo Liuonia toconuerttlje inljabitants tljercofbrtto 
 Clj jitt.fcetng tbep uiere not of fufficient fo?ce to perfo?me tbat cnterpjifc.anb tbat tbeir enemfeji 
 increarcbonallttoes, tbep bniteBtljemfelues bnto tbe famous ©?acr of tbeDutcIjkiiiglits in 
 Pruflia, tljat tbeir bJ0?tb:e attempt migbt bee acfenbcb ano p?omotea bp tbe ai'ae ana affittance 
 of tbe faiae Duclj kntgljts . 9t tbe bcrp fame time tbeenlijne of tlje crofe bias eraltea tljjouslj* 
 out all Germanic againtttbe Pruflians.ana a great armte of foulaiers ttias gatberca togetber, 
 tljeTBurgraucofMeidenburg being generall of tbe anm'e, rcljo combining tbemfelttes bnto t^e 
 Dutcb knigbts, iopnea batttll toitbtbe anfioels, ana flcto about fiucljunojcn (Scntilcs^bo be« 
 foretime baa maocbo^ribleinuafions ana in-roaoes into tbe Bonriraortgof <£b?'-ttians,buafltng 
 all baitlj fire ana ftoojb, but t fpcciallp tlje lanaof Colm, ano Lubonia, to&jcb, Mk tbeffi>?ouin* 
 
 CCJS 
 
 Endftti ftauei. 
 
 •?r(jc drti taut 
 moucDagrfiitft 
 
 rllcPruilianinfi' 
 libde, anno 
 
n 
 
 *I he great Ai/^.^Pr^TraffiqueSjandDifcoueneSi 14.5 J '" 
 
 cesof ComadusiUuKKOi Matlouia.jftou)e, the tojaaioc knights tjaumgmaoe to tjuge aflaugh- 
 ter, built tlje cattle of Reden, bettoe ene Pomerania ano tljclanoof CoIm.atiD fo bp Degree? ttjcp 
 gotte footing in tlje lance, ano oaplie crcetco mo?e cafiles, as namclp, Crutzburg, Wiflenburg, 
 Refil.Bartenftein.Brunsburg.ailbHeilsburg^inDfurnifljeO tljemall toitlj garnfons. %i)t fift 
 
 Scatter of tlje ©?oer toas Conradus Landgrauius,theb?otberof Lodouick.tobichtoasljufbanD 
 tontoLaoie Elizabeth. ^Ijis Conradus, bp bisfacbers inheritance, gaue great riches ano pof- 
 fetTtonsbntotbe ©?oer,ano caufeDLaoie Elizabeth to be interrel>atMarpuig,totttjintbere« 
 Iigtous boufeofljis faioe ©per. IlnDertljegotutrnmcnt of this Scatter, Aeon in the lance of 
 PalcftinatoasfubDueobnto tlje Saracens, fi^ojeouer, in the peere 1254. there toas another 
 great armic of §>ouloiersp?eparcoagafott Prufsia, bp tljep?inccs of Germanie. jfo?0<Sh- 
 
 cer, alias Odoacer king Of Bohemia, OctoSparqucSof Brandeburg, tlje DttfcC cf Auftria; 
 
 tbeSj&arqufS ofMorauia,tlje15iihopBof ColenaiwofOlmutz came marching on toitb great 
 flrengtlj of tljeir .ifrobles ano common fotilDiers , ancinuacingtljelanoe of Prufsia in tlje Winter 
 feafon , tljep confltainec tlje inhabitants thereof to recciue the €b?tiSia!i faith , ano to become 
 obeoienttontotbeknigbts. &ftertohicb erplo:te,bp tlje aouife ano affiffanceof tog Odoacer, 
 there toas a cattle built upon a certaine bill of Samogitia, tohicbtmrneotatelp after grctoetobe 
 a great citie , being at tbiscap tlje feate of tljc]pjmce of Prufsia : ano it mas calico bp Odoacer 
 Kunigsberg.tbat is to fap,Kings Mount,o? Mount royall.being finifljeD in tlje peere 1255. ® ut 
 of this fo jt the knights did b?iw"e ano rellraine the fur ie of the jnBoels on all floes, ant compellco 
 tbemcoobecicnce. %\)t fire {©attertoas calico Boppo abOfterna.unoertobom tlje cttie of Ku- 
 nigsbergtoaS built. 9ttbeberp fame inflow the knights bcemg occupieo about tlje toarre of 
 Curland, the Prufsians'confpiring together, ano abanDoning tlje Ch?iflian faitb,in furious maner %& Prnm.ii. 
 armeo tbcmfelttes againtt 1} Cf)?ifttans, oefatcc ano burnt colon Churches, fle^ p?teGs, ano to «nai»oii «»»<• 
 the btmott of tljeir abilitie, banifijeo all faitljfull people . 'Clje report of tobich mifoemeaitour be* amm - 
 ing publiujco throughout all Germanie, an Ijuge armie bias leutec ano fent fo? tlje oefence ano 
 fuccour of tlje knights, toljich marching into the lano of Naun.mace manp flaughrcrs,f tb?cugb 
 the inconllancieof fortune fometimesiMoonnejanofomettmeslofttljebictojie.Sllfo tlje 3In6DeIa 
 befiegeDtljefetrj?ee catties, namclp,Barftenftein,Crutzberg ano Kunigsberg, ano bought er* 
 treame famine Upon tlje Cljjiflians containco toitljtn the faioe fo?tes , 9gatne, in tlje peere of 
 our Lop i26z.the<£arlc of Iuliers, mith otljec Winces ano great cljiualrie came ootone, ano 
 giuingchargcbpanthePru(rians,putth?ecthoufanoof themtotheeoge of tlje ftoojee. 3fter« 
 toaro the PruffiansbanBingtljemfcluestogetljer.toereceterimneD to fpcile the cattle of Kunigf- 
 bergjbttt their confeueracie being bifclofeo, tljepljao tljerepulfe. anDtoljentrjeftfugbtesbao 
 p?euaileo againtt tljem.tbeplaioe inpleoges ,ano pet fo? all that mere not afraid to fyeahe their 
 fioelitie . $ 0? Upon a certaine time , after tljcp hao giucn oitiers plecges, tljcp fletoe ttoo noble 
 kntghtsofthe©?Der,anofobptljatmeanesincenfeothepjincipalloftlie faioe o?ocr, infomuch 
 that tljepcaufeottoopaire of gallons to be fetbpbefiDestljc cattle, ?tl;irtie of the Pru(Uansplec= 
 gesto beljangeo tljerupon.3HhichfeueritiefobereD ano p?ouokecthc Prufsians.that in reucnge 
 of the faio iniurp,tbcp renetoeo blooop anc cruel toarrcs , fleto manp eDhjiftians, pea^nc put 40. 
 knights UJitlj the matter of the ©per , ano the Qftarlhal ,bnto tlje eogc of tlje fuiop. %\)tte toas 
 at tlje fame inttant in Pomerania a Duke calico Suandepolcus, pjofeflmg the £b?tttian faith^but 
 being iopneo i« league toitb tlje Prufsians, be inceuoureo fo? manp pceres,not onelp to crpell the 
 knights, birtallQjjittianstobatfoeuetout of tlje lantc of Prufsia, in toljich toarre tlje foietaice 
 knights of tlje ©?cet fuffereomanp abufes. Jfo?tljep lottalmottall tljeir catties , ano a great 
 number of tbcmfelues alfo toere flaine.^his Suandepolcus put in p?artife manp letooc attempts 
 againtt religion, fo? albeitlje teas baptijeo, be Dio mo?e mifebiefe tljen tbe berp anfioels tljem= 
 felues, bntill fucbtime as tlje knights being affifieb bp t[jel3?inces of Germanie , biougbt the 
 faioe Dukeano tlje Prufsians alfo into fuclj ftraigljts, tljat (maugrc tljeir Ijeaos) tljep tucre con* 
 ttrainebto ftiefo? peace. 9fteru)art> Swandcpolcus Iping at the point of Death, aDmoniujeo 
 bis fonnes that tbep frjoulo not ooe anp initttie bnto the knights of tlje oiocr, atTirnring that r)im« 
 feIfeneuerp?ofpereofo long as be b?geo toarre againtt tbem. iEJotobeitbts fonnes fo? a certaine 
 time obferueo not their fathers counfel, bntill at length one of them nameo Warteflaus.boas crc- 
 ateo one of the © ?oec, ano the other cafleo Samborus bcttovreo bp legacic his gooos ano poftiiri. 
 onsbpon the faioe ©?oer, receiuing maintenance ano erljibition from the faioe © ?c er, During the 
 terme of bis life. 3tfo?tuneo alfo bnoer tlje gouermnent of the fo?efapoc Scatter Boppo, that 
 one<§>p? Martme aGolin bceing accompanieD toith another knight, toenc into the ccuntrep 
 to feeljotoe the Prufsians toereimplopeo. 9no meeting toitlj tbjee Prufsians, tiieplictottoo, 
 anotlje thttcetljep refcrueD to guioe tbem the Di'rectett toap. TButtbis guioc bctrapeo them 
 into tbeit enemies Ijauoes. ^IjicrjtobentbcppcrceiueD, tljep fletoe tlje £raptotir , ^ben 
 
 M fiuc 
 
14-6 The Englifti Voyages, C I he great Ma.ofTrujf. 
 
 fiuc Pruilian bojfemcu came rising ano tookc tljetn , Ddtuering them utmnoe to tbe cuLfo- 
 etc of ttoo. 9no ttje otljec tbjec purrtteo tbe Ijojfes of tije ttoo , mbicb bjoke toofe in tlje 
 time of tbe fcape. 9notbep tacpfng ftmetebat long, the otber ttoo toouloc battc be'jeaoeo 
 » meinaiaiiu tljc ttioo ftnigb'-es in tbe iTicane feaibn , 9no as one of tljcm mas llriking tottlj bis tyatuen 
 OMiagcint. f mo?Ee j at t [je n ecke of S>ir Marcine, bee faice Unto tbem : <§>trs , pott noe umuifelp tntljat 
 pou take not off mp garment before it bee oeftleD toitb blooD, ©be? tberefo?e looting tbe 
 cojocs nibereuottb bee urns bottnoe- to take off W garment , fet bis armes mo?e at liber* 
 tie. KEtb'.cb ©p? Marcinc toell perceiuing reatljco bis keeper fttcb a bore, tbat bis ftuojoe 
 fell to tbegrotutor. OUgtclj beeumb all fpeeoe taking; up , fictoe boib tbe beepers aim utt- 
 bounoebtsfelloujcSnigbt- Spo?eotter, feeing tlje otljer tb?ee PrufTians comrrring furiouflp 
 Upon cbcin, untb tfjutc contagious bearts tljcp mane totuaroe tlje faioe Pruffians, ano fleni 
 tbcm , ano fo efcapeo tlje Danger of oeatb. 'Cbc feucntlj great Spatter uoas Hanno dc San- 
 gerfhufen , x$\)n Deceateo in tbe pecre one tljoufano ttoo bunnjeilj fettentie fiuc . ■©be eigbt 
 mas Harcmannus ab Heldcingen luboDeceafrti til tljepeere 1282, Zip nintbtoas Burc- 
 kardus a Schuucnden beeing aftcruiaroe maoe knigbt of tbe oper of S>f.mt Iohns , ZMt 
 
 tCittlj UiaS Conradus a Feuchtuuang : UllOer this man tlje Citte of Aeon in Palettina toaS 
 
 racked bv tljeSoldan, ami manie people U>ere liapne. Cbc'CfmpIargtobicbteerctbcrein 
 retttrnci)1;ome out of Fiaunce, toljcre ttjep Ijao great rcucneu.es. ©beftnsgbtesof &aint 
 lohn , lc{:o alfo baa an tpofpitallat Aeon, cbangcD tijeir place , ano tocnt into tbe 3lfie of 
 Cyprus , ano from tljence Departing Ditto Rhodes , tbep fubrncD tfc&t 31flan^e Unto tbem* 
 fclues. .iSometbcDiitcb KnigJjtsaboimDeDtoitbttealtbanDpoDrcirionstbjougbom all Ger- 
 manic, beeing lomesof a gooD patt of Pruffia, Lmonia, anoCurland,U)i;ofc cbiefeboufe 
 lnas t!;en at Marpurg , till fucb time as it toas rcmooueo unto Marieburg , a VLoxmiz of 
 Piufsia. Cbe clettentbgceat spacer toas Godfrey <£arle of Hohenloc. ainocrtfns man tlje 
 knigijtsfiittatiieD a great oucrtbjoaie in Liuonia : but batting ftrcngtbnco tbetrarmte.tbep 
 4000, neiije necre unto Rye fourc thoufanoc of tljeir enemies. %bz tuiclfr b Spate toa-3 Sifridus a 
 Feuchtuuang. Clnocr this man, tbe pjincipallboufe of tbe CDjnecttiastranSatcD from Marc- 
 pur gto Marieburg, tobicb in tbe beginning maseflabliibco at Aeon, ann fromtbencc uiasre* 
 mooucD unto Venice, ano from Venice unto Martpurg. VL\ii Sifridus Dcccafco in tbepecre 
 I ? 4 1. 'SDlje tbirteentl; Spaaertnas callCO Charles Beffaitof Triers , ZW man built a fo# 
 ljpotttberitterof Mimmcl , aiiDtt toas nameo Chriftmimmel. %\)i foureteentb teas War- 
 nerusabOrfele,tobomeacertainekmgbtcf tbe ©jDerHenietoitbbisfuiome. %bz 1 j.toas 
 Ludolphus Duke of Brunfwick,iubo built tlje Somite of YJgenburg,anDDeceafeo 1352. 
 ^Pbefirtecntb mas Theodoricus Carle of Aldenborg,ano bee built tbe 'Conine of Bartenftein. 
 "Sfje feucntecmb uias Ludolphus firnamco King. Cbe eigbteentb mas Henrie a Tufimer. Cbe 
 mneteentbWiniicusaKnoppcnrodt.JntbismaiistimctlicbntgbtstooktbekuigoftbeLithu- 
 anians namcoKinftut captiue, ano kept bimpjifouecin Marieburg balfe apecre, but bp tbe 
 belpeofafetuattnt, bauingb?okcnoutof tbeCaQle, bceerrapeoauiapbpnigbt. Butfea= 
 ringtbatbfe tuas lapoe niaitc fo? in all places, bee left bis bo?le, anDtoentonfootetbjougb 
 bnknouienpatbes. antbeDapttmcbeebtnoe bimfelfe in fecrete places , ano in tbenigbt 
 bee continuen bis iourncp Dntill bee came tinto Maflbuia, 'But all tbe Enigbtcs tope luas 
 turneo into fojrouie , after tbep ban loll fb great an cnemie, %\)t ttoentietb gtano Spattre 
 
 «BiB man Cent mas Conradus Zolner of Rotenftcin, 'Cljeone anD ttoJCntietb Conradus Walenrod, %\)t 
 
 bVw^chard tuio ano tlnentietb Conradus a Iungiagen,niboDeceaieDintbepeeteonetbottfanDfburcbun= 
 tBeftwnD. ojctb ano feuen, %bt tb?ecamjttocnttttb Vlricusalungingen . Cln's manopeDinbattell in 
 tbe pecre one tboulanD foure bunojetb ano tenne : tobiclj bajtell teas fougbc againtt Via- 
 diflaus jfatljer of Cafimire. O&otb partes ifma leuieo migbtie ana b«gefojces : unto t!;e 
 Polonians tbe Lithuanians ann tlje Tartars Ijati iopneo tbemfelues , ouer tobome one Vi- 
 toldus iuas captaine : tbe Dutcb iSnigbts ban taken up &oulDiers out of all Germanic 
 ano toben cacbe armie ban encampeo tbemfelues one tottbtntttientic furlongs of anotber, 
 (bopingfo? Uictone ano impatient of oelap ) tbe great Scatter of tlje Prufsians fent an^e^ 
 tault to Denounce toarre Unto tbe ISing, ano immeoiatelp (alarmc becing gtuen) it is re* 
 pojteo tbattbere tocre in botb armies fourtte tboufanobo?lcmcnin arcaoineffe, Vladiflaus 
 
 COinmaunoeO tbe Lithuanians ann tbe Tartars to gittetbcfirtt onfette, ano placeO tbe Po- 
 lonians in tl;e reretoaroe of tbe battell : ontlje conttatie Odc , tbe Pruflians regaroco leafl of all 
 to referue anpflrong troupes bebinoe, tobiebmigbt refcuefnebas tuere mearie, ano renetoe 
 tbe ftgbt , if neeoe fijottloe require, but fet fojtoaroe tlje flotoer ano cbiualrie of all bis 
 j%>otilDier» intbe uerie forefront of tbe battell, ^Ije cyargc beeinggiuen rertatne Unarmeo 
 
 Tartars 
 
 l^> 
 
^Rich.i fPruff.amba[f> Trafriques,ancl Difcouenes. 14.7 
 
 Tartars t Lithuanians were llami Ijanotmooclj ; Ijouibeic tljc multuuoe p^eficD on , titicljcr burft 
 tijc fearefull Polonijns tunte their backcs.anb fo a cnicU battel! toas fought vjpon tljc beapes of 
 Deao carkafes , ©he combat? co.itinueb a long tunc, terrible fiaugbtcrstoerc committeD , anb the 
 Lithuanians anD Tartars trere ftainclikc fljeepe, IjutuihennctiJcatm frcflKneimesrontinuallp 
 iffucD foojtlj , tljc 2Dittcl) kisigfjts being tocarieO, fcf gan to fight mo;ie faintlp, SCUjicljVladiflaus 
 nofoonerpercetueD.but in allbafte bee fenbs fojinarbe Ins migljtie aim uocllarmeo batmc of 
 Poionians jteljofatiDenlpbjeaktnginrenelMeDtljefkirnufin ©be Dutch lucre uctableto toith» 
 flanutbc fmie of tljc fret!) troupes (great oooes there is bctweote the tocarieb S>ouloicr aim 
 him that comes in afreflj) tnfomuclj tljat tljc ksngijes toictj tljcir ycople lucre conKraineo to flee* 
 ©be mafler oftbc ©mcc feeing; Ijis fottlDiers giuc map unto the enemic , gathers a companie to* 
 getber,anotiJicljaooceljim in tlje face, ijolubcu IjimfeWe tuaa fiatnefo? bis labour, the flight of 
 his people p?oueb greater anb moje biftjonourable, neitber bio tlje Dutch ceafeto flee, fo long 
 as the Poloniancontinuco the chafe, ©fjetefcllon tlje JKnigbts parttemaniethoufantiBDfmen, 
 aim tijePoloniansgotte not tlje tiictojie voitljout great fpoile anb Damage . Cbts battelltuas 
 fougijtenin rcgaro of tlje bounDsof regions intbcpcerei4io.auPru(Tia following tljeljappie 
 fucceffe of tljc Polonian king (accept Maricburg onelp) peeibeo tbemfclues Unto Ijim beingCon= 
 querour. lipolubett tlje CmpcrourSigifmund taking tip tlje quarell, peace toasojBaineDbetliJecn 
 tije knights aim Polonia, ano a league concluoeD, cenat'nefummes of moncp alfo lucre patoc tinta 
 the Poloman , Pruffia toas rcfiojeb tinto tlje knights, neither iuastbefaiocomer Diaurbcbin 
 tijepoffeffion oftfjeir lanbs tintill tlje time of Friderick, ©be 24. spatter teas Hentic Carle of 
 PIaen.^ljismanbeingcepofebbptbeCbaptcr J lBas7,peresbolDcnpjifoncrfltDantzik.'E;ije25, 
 EpaSer lWSS Michael Kuchenmeifter, that is, mailer Of tlje Coofecs of Sternberg. ©l;c 26. tuas 
 Paulus aRuflfdorff. ©be 27. Conradus ab EllerichlTiaufen , ©his man, after btuers ano funbjp 
 conflicts betuieene tlje Dutch knigbts, ano tlje king of Polonia , conrtubCD a perpetuall league 
 toicbtljefaiDC king, l^otubcit tlje citizens of Damzig fecrctelp going about to obtepne tbcic 
 fceeDome , cljat tlje fojefaibe SDmer might Ijaue no Dominion oticr tljem , maoc fute tinto tlje P>> 
 loniankingto betljcirp?otecto?,^1)i? Conradus Dteointljepecre 1450, ©ljc 28,mas Lewis 
 abEilerichfhaufen, ftnocr this maiubercarofe a Dangerous feoition in Pruffia bettocene the 
 cljicfc cities ano the knigljts of tlje ©?oer« ®be cit^ens bemanoeDiibertie.complaining that tbep 
 lucre oppjelfeo teitb biuers moleflations ♦ SBbercupon tbcp pnuilp mabe fute tinto Cafimir tljeit 
 tog of Polonia. Clje jpafter of tljeaDjoer feeing toljattiJOUlD come topafle began to erpoatt* 
 late with tlje king, that he kept not tljc peace boljiclj bao bene concltiDco bet tiJeene tljem to lad fo? 
 etier. aifo Frederick the Cmperourcommaunbeo the Pruifians to rerume tinto the obebienceof 
 the knights, labo bp tlje bint of tljcir uuojbcs Ijabreleafeb tljac pmuincc out of theljanbs af 31nfi= 
 Del6,anoharj bought it toitlj the fljcbDingof much Wood, |5ottoitljflatJOii!g£beuopuIar fo?tper= 
 fiaing Oil in theicflabbomebetermfnation.pjoceebeti at length to op-en bjarte.'^becitiesaDljea' 
 ring tinto the king tifurpcDDiucrsCaaieSbclongingto the 9ttafler,tooke certain Commanbcrs 
 anbknigljts, pea, atibfometljepfleboe alfo, Jfiftie anb fine totoncsconfpireb together in that re- 
 bellion : but tbinkingtijeir cBate anu arengtlj not fare enough againfl tljcir ovmigouerno23Urith* 
 cut fojreinaiBe.tljepcljcfe king Cailmir to be tljcir Io?b. ipccrcupontlje Polonian king marcljeo 
 intoPruiriabJitljagreatarmie, taking poffeffion of fuclj cities as peeloeb tljemfelucs tinto him, 
 anu pweceoing foitiJars agatnfl Marieburg, beficgo the cattle anb tlje totone. 31n the mcane fca* 
 Ton theSpafler Ijauing bircb an armie of Germane fottlDters , fimoenlp furpnfeo the king at tina* 
 luaL'esinbtStcitts.anbflrtticaboutsoo.Polonians, tookepnfoners 156. noblemen, fpoileb *ft«Btta«nuw 
 their tents, toske atoap their ljo?fes, tiictuals, anb armour , infomucb tljat the klnghimfelfe barb-- mcto {"/hlilg 
 Ipefcapeubpononeljojfc. Cbefc things rame topafle in tlje pecre 1455. 'Slje s^afler hauing ofw**^ 
 thus obtainea tlje tiicto?ie, fent IjisS armie into tlje countrcp, anb rccaueren the tallies anb cities 
 Wjicij he IjaDloil, to the mlber of 8o,putcingmanp of his enemies alfo tinto tljc fujojD.spo?eouer, 
 he recouereb Kunigsberg being one of tlje fourep?incipall cities,toljicb are bp name Thome, El- 
 burg,Kunigsberg, anbGdanum, tljatis ta fap,Dantzig. 3no toljen the toarretoas longer p?o* 
 tracteti then the 90aflcr coulo tocll beare.anb a toljole peres tiiages ttas tinpaib tinto IjiS captains, ~. t m b 
 thofecaptainestiJljifhtoereintljegarifonof MaiieburgconfpiKDagainStlje scalier, aim fo?a twujmoner* 
 great fumme of monep betrapeb thecaflle of Maricburg tinto the king, daihtchpjaccifebeeing ^ B ( ^" ! ' tS( 
 knotijen, tlje fpaflcr fleb to Kunigsberg, anb netoetoarrc ioas bepnne, aim great fpoile nnb be* 
 falation toas tomugbt on botl/fraes : tintill at length, after compofltion maoe, tbc king rc- 
 tapneu Pomerella, ano all tlje cafllcs anb totijnes therein, together un'th Marieburg aim El- 
 burg : anc tljemaller iniopro Samaitia, Kunigsberg, &c, ^Ijts compoBtton teas cotiduDcti in the 
 peere 1466. %\)t 29. Spader ttas Henrie Reufl",fira being beputte ,anb aftcrtoarbe Spaflerof 
 Prufsia, ^Dlje^o.tiJasHenne aRichteuberg.tobobeceafcbin tlje peere 1477, %\t 31. calleb 
 
 f)L a Martine 
 
[48 
 
 The Englifh V oy&gtsfRjch.iSPrujf.ambajf. 
 
 Martine Truchfes died in the peere 1 489. %\)t 3 1. Iohn a Ticfleu DiCO in tlje peere 1 5 00, ^Ije 
 
 3 3, being Duke of Saxonie, ano marques of Mifn,oeceafeD in the peere 1 5 1 o, %\)i% man began 
 to callmqueCEioii.toljetljertbefojefaiDcompoBtionconcluoeDbettoeenetliefeing of Polonia, and 
 tlje ©joer.toere to bee obfcrtico 0; no ': efpeciallp Gthence it conteineb cercaine articles againtt e» 
 qttitie anb reafon. ftBljerupon Ije appealed bnto tlje Tptftop of Some, tmto the £ mpero j, bnto crje 
 pjinccfianoelectojsofGcrmanyjanDp^ttailebbJitljtbemfofarrefo^l), tljattheretoas aoap of 
 Ijearing appointeb at Polna in Polonia.anb tlje Legates of botb parts meeting bcaro complaints 
 anb ercules, $ oifpatcheo no other bufinefle. 2n the meanc time pjince Frederick beceafeb in tlje 
 teutlj pcere of bis goucrnment, Wqz 34. spatter bias Albertus marques of Brandenburg,tohorri 
 tlje King of Polonia bio Co grieuouflp moled toitlj toar,anb opp?eu~eo all Pruflla toitlj fuel) ertreme 
 rigour , tljat tbepnnceoftljecountreptoasconttraineotomakealeape of foure peeres toith 
 him,anb to peels bnto fuclj conoit ion s,as tttrneb to £ ije bt t cr ucrt!} jotoc of the toholc £D ? oer. 3nd 
 amongfl other conditions are thefe toljich. folloto, §>ithence that theonginallofaHoifcojoebe* 
 ttoecne Polonia anb tlje ojder boetlj from hence arife, fo? tljat hitherto in Pruflla, no latofull (jepje 
 anb fttcce fib ? bath uojn c rule ano autho?itp,but biuers anb funojp Ijauc Ijab the gouemment t (jcrcf, 
 bp tohofe meanes tlje nations Ijatte bene p jouokcb one againtt another,much Ch?ifiian blooa hatfj 
 bin ujcD.thelanos ano inhabitants grieuouflp fpoileo.ano manp toiootoesano 2D?phansmadeithe 
 popes, <£inpero?s,ano ponces being often folliciteb fo? tlje ettabliujihgof that perpetual league, 
 toljich Cafimir Ijatlj Ijcre tofoj c conclubeb sc. <§?« Ijcnc e alfo tljat tlje truce bjliicb Ijat Ij bene agreed 
 bponof botl; parties is in fljojt time to be crpircb, ano tljatitistobeefeareb, tfjacblooop toarres 
 mill tljen be renetocb , anb tljat all tljings toill p?oue too jfe anb too jfe , bnlclTe fome latofull com* 
 pofitionbe made, anb fome good anb toljolefome bettife be put in pjactife, as toell fo? tlje benefit of 
 tfoe King anb of Ijis potteritie, as foj tlje commobitie of tlje tohole common toeale of Pruflla, efpe» 
 ciallp confioeting tljat Albertus tfoeSparquesrefufet'n not to fubmitee (jimfelfc to tlje Councell 
 of tlje King,? r. 
 
 The Oration or fpeechof the AmbafTadours fent 
 
 from Qonradus de Zolner Matter generall of the land 
 of Prufsia, vnto Richardthe fecbnd,King of Eng- 
 
 The meflengers which are fent from the MaRer generall of the land oiTmJfia, doe pro- 
 pound and declare the affaires and negotiations vnderwritten. 
 
 lj)ercasitisapparant,tljatbiuer{( andfunojie times heeretofoje, pour fa* 
 mous pjogenitours anb p? coeceffstrrs the kings of (England Ijaue altoaieis 
 bene grat tons promoters anbfpeciallfrienbs bnto the generall falters of 
 the lano of Pruflla, anb of tlje toljole ojoer : tohereag alfo thep haue bouch* 
 fafco , bp their "Karons, Knigfjts,anb other their nobles of the ntngbome of 
 England, bnto the Staffers and ojder afojefaioe , fund?p an» manifolde fa* 
 uourableaffittancestntheconqueflof theSInfioels (in tohofe Ceppes pour 
 
 Che nnricnt 
 afuftants of 
 tiicluiigs of 
 <engIano a- 
 gaiuft nifiDf [0, 
 
 ejccellentiJpaieftieinnaing, haue, in thefe pour bapes (hetoebpottrfclfeinlifee fo?t right graci* 
 ouflpaffecceobnto the Spatter generall tobichnotoe is, ano bnto his famous pjebeceflbur) in 
 bue confioeration of tlje pjemitfes, anb in regard alfo of oiucrs other affaires, tohich are at tljte 
 p jefent to be propounded bnto pour $>ighnes,tbe fo jefaio Spatter general toljtclj noto fe bath cau* 
 feb bs Ijis meffengers to be fent toith letters of crebence bnto pour spateure : httmblpp?aping,ami 
 earneftip befcechmg pour roial clemencp.tljat in times to come,trje fata Staffer general,ljis f uccef* 
 fojs J ?ourtoljole©>;bermapof pour bountpmottgraciouBpobtaine the fame fauour.bencuolece, 
 ano fteofae amttp $ frienoOjrp.tohich hathtin continueb from the times of pour fojefaib p?ebece& 
 fo?s:in regard toherof toe bo offer the fato Spatter of ours,and our tofjole companp,bnto pour high* 
 ncs,aspout perpetual ano Denote frienos.jT2ottottljttanDing(mott fouereigne p jince)certaine 0* 
 tljer tljings toe Ijaueto pjopounobnto pour <Srace,in trjename 5 behalfeof our faioe Spatter and. 
 S3D ?ber,bp toap of complaint.namelpjtrjat at certaine timcspatt,and efpcciallp toitrjin the fpace of 
 r.pereslatterptreo.ljisfubicctsanomarchantsljaue futtaineofimbjp damages anb ablations of 
 tljeir goobs,bp oiuers fubiccts ano tntjabitants of pour reatme of (Englano, ano that berp often, 
 both bp fea anb lano: tlje tohf clj.fo \ tlje beljalf,ano bp tlje appointment of tlje Spatter general afo je* 
 faio,?of his pjcoeccuoj.areput ootone in regitters,ano recojoeo in the tojitingsi of hts cities tn 
 the lfmoofPruffia,©ftol;tc!jpartiesBamnifieb,fomeijaurobtaineo letters frot^cSpatter general 
 
 tljac 
 
< jRich.z. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 14.9 
 
 tbatnotois.^alfo from bis p?eocccffo?, tot! o pour renoumengrannfatljcr IK. Edward offamcus EjMiJtii.:-. 
 memo?p,ano fuiunp times bnto pour Ijigbncs alfb.to fjaue reQtcttttou inane fo? tljcir goons taken 
 from tljemttoljerebp tljep fjauciiotljmg at al pjeuailen, liuc bcaping loffe upon loffe fjaue miffpeuc 
 tlje(r time $ their cbarges:botlj becaufc tljep lucre not permitteD to p jopounn $ crtjibit tbeir com- 
 plaints ^letters Mojtepottr maieflp 5 ano alfofo? outers otljcr impeomtems.Cert.un of tbem alfa 
 confiocring; rj<rt» others of tbetr countricmen ban labourcn in bain, ^fearingtbclike fttccefTe.bane 
 tcoublen tlje 8pa3ergtnmilberp often toitbgricuous ann funojp complaints.crauing i bumblp 
 befeecbiug at Ins banns,tbfit Ije tooulnboutbfafejrrficiouflp top?ouioefoj tljeas Ijis faithful floial 
 fubtects,astoucl.)mgtbe reaitution of tbeir lDffes:efpeciallp feeing p fo mttclj tocaltlj of t!je<£ng- 
 liuj merchants toas ctterp peere to befottnn in Pruffia^s being arreflco,tljep migljt obtaine fomc 
 .reafonablefatiftactionfo? tbeir loffes.^b'^ 
 
 alfo b»uc oefcrreo unto tins picfent (albeit to p great loffe of tbeir fubiects) tljcrbp batting mecre 
 1 jp^incipalre r pectnntotbofei"pccialctirteticsanofauoucsli;btcbpourcrccHciit©a!eap gfpottr; 
 tto jtbp progenitors banc rigbt gratiouflp boucljfafeo bpon our Staffers ann ©joer .- neitljcr pet 
 fo } tbe inittries afo?ciaio,n:as tberc cacr anp manec of offence,oj molctfatton offcrcn bnto anp of 
 pour fubiects noble oj ignoble luljatfo ruer.spojeouer.in tlje name $ bebalfe of our fojefato 39a, 
 general toe no piopomto bnto po ur errellencp bp toap of copIaint,tbat in tbe pcrc laflpall, tf.napes 
 aftcr^fcaftoftbeaftenficn ) ecriatnper(bnsofpourrealmof(£nglmtD,toitbtbeirfi)!p0 9'captatns 
 comming into tlje pojt of Flanders,nameo S wen^ finning tbcrcamongll funojp otl)cr 3 <5.fDtps of 
 Pruffia refinent.tobicb ban tUre arriuen n5 niuers goons 5 marcbanDifcs:ann being informed tljat 
 tljep lucre of Pruffia.gr tljeir frienos.tljep caufen tbem fr tbcit ffjt'ps to remain nert bnto tljeir otoue 
 , ujips,p?ote8ingbnto tljem,iljat tljep fboulo in no fo?t be molefleo o? oarnnificD bp tbcfelucsoj bp 
 anpotberoftbeircompanp#tbattbeptooulofaitbfullpcefcnntbem,asiftl:eptoctct!jcirotonpco= 
 ple,fr6 $ banns of tljeir anuerfaries: $ fo? tfrcir fareber fecuritp ge crtiffjtljcp Deliucrcn fome of tljctr 
 . oton men ? tbetr Sannews into our mens ftjips: botobeit a toljile after being ftirrco bp,$ bent far 
 otbertoife.tljepcook out ofpfojcfaio fijips al feinn of armo?s,tobcrtoitbtbcp mere to gam peftn 
 ibemfeluesfro ptrats, ? tljep neteinen tljemaUcrs oftljofe fJ)ips 3 not fuffctngtljcmto return bnto 
 tbetr oton ftjips ? ropanies.one alfoof $ lain ujips(ljauing taken al tbe goons out of (jer)tljep colb 
 mea toitb fire.9no toitljin 3 .naies after tbtp came toith one accojn bmo p aboucnamco fij;ps,ami 
 tookeatoap from tbem all goons ann marchannifestohicb tbep coufafinB ; airn all tbe armour ana 
 toeapons of tbe fain ftjips,uje cljefies alfo of tlje marcfcants.of tbe ujip-maff crs,$ of ctljer pcrfons 
 tbep b?ake ope.taking out monep,ietoels,garments,$ niuers otljer commonities : ann fo tljep iit- 
 fltcteonpo tbem irrecouerable lotles ann nnktnn grieuances.9nn neparting out of t\)e fojcfaio ija= 
 uen,tbep carien 2, of tlje Pruffian ftjip-maflcrs uittlj tbe, as tljeir captiurs vrnto an Ijaucn of Cng= 
 Jann callen Sandwich+SBbo^eingaftertoarnreleafectoerecompfllen tofiueare,tbat tljep fijottlu 
 not neclare $ iniuries offreo bnto tbem.citber befoje pour rotaUmateitp,o? pour IjomCottncell, j 
 your cj>acclo?:ncitber toere tbep permttten to come on ujo?e.9nn being offreo fuel; barn mrafure, 
 toben tbep mane pitiful mones gt complaints bnto pour fojefaine fubiccts.amonga otljer matters 
 tbep fpake on tbistoife bnto tljeimDo pou complainofinturics -9 loffes offeren bnto ponPloe, in 
 pour oton rofttrepofPru(llatbereareCngliujmarcbants,$goonsfufficicnt 3 gopottrtoaics borne 
 tljecfo?e,frecouer pour loffes,takingttoofojone:ann in tljis manertljep toere Ifft^foocparten* 
 aftertoam retumingbntoplannof PruiTia,tbep ^tbtirfiienDsrrpaircnbnto t!je£psfi. general, 
 iointlp ann \o one content making tljeir complaint bnto Ijtm of tlje loffes tobicb Ijao biutnflicten 
 bpou tbe bp pour fubiects.9nn p?oflrating tbefelues at Ijts feet, tljep all ann euerp of tbemmane 
 tbeir bumble futes.p fje toottln Ijaue compaff.on on tbtimas bpon Ijie pooje fubiects.regarningtbc 
 felucs,tbeirtoiues,9cljiIo?cn,annpitpingtbeirDiu^es,annpetwrp,anotbatbeto£ttIngraciou!l? 
 procure feme reojeffe fo? tbcm,9nn toljen be offreo Ijis letters bnto tljf m,totf();ng tljcm to pjofe* 
 cutetbeircaulebefo^pottrbigbne0,t!;epanfu)ereo tljat tbep toere no toap able tootfraptbeer* 
 penfes,ann tljat otbets.toljo toere in like fojt namnifieOjljan iabouren tljat toap altogctljerin bain 
 9 to no purpofetbefeecljing hint again ann again,tljat be tooulo bp another kinn of means, namtlp 
 bp arrefling of pour marcljants ann tbeir goons, procure tlje refiitution of tljeir Ioffes.9t lengt lj ®rjc nnm^ 
 tlje apafter general being moitcn bp fo manp ann fo great complaints, ann bp tbe mo legation of "o^g^Jj, 8 "* 
 bisfubiccts, caufen (alb:citfullfo?cagainSbi3toill)a certaine portion of Cngliflj marcljants maicDAmi?. 
 goons to be lain Ijoln on,ano to be arreireo.mbis cities of Elburg a; Dantzik, ann to be befiotoeo 
 in fure places, Until fuclj time as be migijt conttcnirntlp bp bis meffengers piopottno ann erbtbic 
 all ann ftngirlar tbe pjemiffes bnto pour !jigbnes f 3nn fo?afmuclj as tlje fo jefain 99aRcr general 
 ann our 2D jner no knoto no iittt occafton,to!jerbp tbep baue nefertten pour maieUies inoignation, 
 but are firmelp ann mott bnnoubtenlp perftoanen, to finnc all curtefte , fauour, ann friennfbtp at 
 pour IjJtgljneffejacco jning to pour toonten clcmencieube fain Smaller generall tbcrefo je maketb) 
 
 515 3 no 
 
1,11 I - _ — -■■ - — — - — ■ 
 
 150 TheEnglifhVoyageSjNauigations, ^Bjch.i, 
 
 no Doubt ,tljat alt be about imitten Damages 9 molettat 10110, being in fuel) fojt,agawft (Did ant) iw 
 fttce,off red bnto bis fubtrcts bp pourg.be altogether bnlmcbm but pour m agmfic enre, ? commit* 
 ted againtt pour minDtmberfoje p jefen tip bpon tbe fojefaio arr ett of pour marcbants gocbei, be oi£ 
 patcljeb iris nicffimgcrs unto pour rota! maiettp.aHberof one deccafed bp cljc toap.nsmclp in t Ije ter. 
 r ito?p of Holland:^ tlje otljcr remained fick in tbofe parts foj a long feafon : $ f 1 b at am baffage took 
 none effect. ££t ber f o?c tbe faio matter general mas Deftrous to feno bs noHi p fecont time alfo bn to 
 pour lip igbnes, t£l e do make our bumble fute tijerfo jc , in tljs name 9 beijalf of our fatter and £>?• 
 tier afo?efaio,bnto pour kinglp fup?emacp,tbat,bauing(Sob ano iuttice before pour eics,anD alfo tbe 
 Dutiful! ano obfequicus oemeano; of tbe fatD matter, and ojoer totoaros pou, pou mould boucljfafe 
 to erteiiu pour gracious clementp.fo? tbe reDjeffe of tbe p;emiffes:mberbp tbe fojefaib loffesmap 
 be refloat) ano repaiett bnto our fubtects. 911 mbicrj notmttljtt anbtng, tbat it mould pleafe pou of 
 pour toifebome 9 pjouioencc to picture fo abfolute a remebp, bp meaner mbereof,in time to come, 
 fucb Dealings ano inconuenienceS map be atioioeo on bot b parts,? finallp tbat pour marcbants map 
 quietlp be poffeffc d of tbeir goobS arreff eD in Prufli a,anD our mar cbant 3 map be admitteD bnto tbe 
 poffeffion of tbetr commodities attacljeo m England,to conucrt 9 applp tljcm bnto fuclj tries, as to 
 tljemfelues ffjal feem mod conuenienc, Jpotnueit (m off gracious pjrince anb lo jd) me are to foil icit e 
 pour Ipigbncffe, not onelp about tbe articles to be propounded concerning tbe lofTes af ojefaibe.bttt 
 mo?e pjincipallp, fo; certain ftmtter reports anb fuperflitious flanDcrsM'etmitb rename of pour 
 fubiects,not fecking fo; peace.baue falQp infopeb pour maicflp,tj pour mofl feoncjable 9 bifcrcete 
 Ccftccl: affirming tbat at tbe time of p" afojefaio arret} pour marcbants mere barbarcuflp int reared, 
 tbat tljsrp mere caft into lo t bfom p?ifons,o jencijc b in mpje anb mater bp to p* neck ,r r firainrb f re m al 
 conference ano com pan p of men,anb alfo tbat t ijeir me at mas t b? ottm bnto tljem,as a bene to a bog, 
 mitb manp otljcr cnomiitics,to)ljiclj t bep bane molt ftanberouQp DeuifcB cencrrning tbe nutter ge« 
 neral afo;efaib,anb Ijtspeople, anb IjauepublifljeD tljcm in tjjefe Dominions ! bpon tbe occaficn of 
 mbicb falffjoobs certain marcbants of our parts.ano of other regions of Alemain(mbo,of pour fpe> 
 tial beneuolencc,mere indued tmtlj certaine pjiuileges anb fauctirs in pour citic of ionbon,anb in 
 otljcr places) mere, as malefactors, appjcljenDeb anb carte d to p jifon. ,iat t tl fucb time as tbe tr uetlj 
 mas mo?e apparant.<LERbereupon,tbe fo jefaioe matter gcnerall pjcpcm.Dctlj Ijts bumble fute bnto 
 pourmaiettie,tljat fucb enemies of truetlj anb concojb,pour SJDaiettp tnouloeboucbfafe in fuclj foje 
 to cljattife, tbat tljep map be an eramplc bnto otljers pjt fuming to boe tbe like. 
 
 fl^o jcou cr ,(bigij anb mt'gb tp lp?mce anb lojo) t t mas reported bnto our spatter general , t ija t Ijfe 
 fcjmer Legate required of pour maicfipfafe conduct frrrlp to come into pour IjigbnefTe Eealme, 
 ffihljicij mijen bee bearrj,be mas ercrebinglp offenbeb tberat^fitljence bnboubttblp tbepbib not tbts 
 at bis commaunoemeut 0; Direction, 8Ue t!jctefo?c bumblp befeeeb pour <8}acc, as toucbing tbis 
 oucrttgljt, to boloe tbe fatter generall ejrcufeb,becaufc t Ije re is no neco of fafcconDuct,betmcen fa 
 fpeciallfrienos. 
 
 jr ur t be rmo?e,f und?p Damages anb complaints of tbe fo?efaiD general ^atter,anb bis f ubic ctst 
 are b?icflp crljibitcD, ano put Dotonc in tbe Utiles following « 9lfo , all anb lingular damnified per* 
 Tons, beftoes otber p;oofcs,mere compelled to berifte tljcir loffes bp tbetr f jmall tlj cs, taken bp< 
 ontljcljolplSibie, 
 
 JLattlp, me boe make our bumble fee anb petition bnto tljc pjout'benr e anb bifcretion of pour 
 ^igbnes.anD of pour Ijonoiable Councell, tljat concerning tlje p^emiffes, anb all otber matters 
 propounded, 0? to be pjopounbeb bnto pour 3paiettp,me map obtaine a fpeeop anfmere, anb an tf« 
 feet uall end, jf 0; it mould redound bnto our great cljargcs and lode to make anp long belapes. 
 
 An agreement made by the AmbaflTadors of England and 
 Prujstay confirmed by king Richard the fccond. 
 
 "TJ Ichard bp tbe grace of <Sob,kingof England,anb France, anb Io?De Of Ireland, Co all, bnto 
 Xv inborn tljefcp?cfcnt letters fljallcome.greeting.JJCJebauefceneanDconfibcreD tlje compofi* 
 tion,o?Dination,conco?D,anD treaticbetmeene our melbeloueo clearke, matter Nicholas Stockct, 
 iicentiat in botblames,Walter Sibel,ano Thomas Graa,citrjens of our cities Of London 9 York, 
 our meffengers ano ambaffaffadojs on tbe one part: anb tbe Ijoaourable anb religious perfonages, 
 Conradusde Walrode, great COmmanDer,Sifridus Walpode de Baflcnheim, Cljiefe bofpitalar? 
 commanDtrinElburg, ano Vlricus Hachenberg Creafurcr, tbe meffengers ano ambaflaDojSof 
 tbe hgbtreuerenD ano religious Io?D,Io?DConradusZolncrdeRothenftein, matter gcnerall of 
 tbeknigljtlpoperof tlje Dutch IjofpitalofSaintMary at Ierufalcm on tbe otber part,latelp con* 
 cludcD ano agreed bpon in tljefe mo?bs. 31n tlje name of tbe fnp?e ante and inbiuiGble Crinitie, tlje 
 ,f atber^tlje ^onne 3 anb tbe bolp ®ljott, 3men, jTowfmucb as tbe awijo; of peace mill baue peace* 
 
 majker? 
 
c Kich.z, Trafiiques^nd Difeoueries. 151 
 
 makers to lie tlje fons of blclTeDues , anD tlje electable enemie of peace to be erpelleo out of tlje 00= 
 KUiiisnsofCljiifltans: cljcrcfo?efoit[jc pcryctuall mcmo?te of the thing, lie itknotoentinto all 
 men toho (ball fee ojbearetbetenouroftbefe pjefents: tljat there being matter ofeiffenfionanD 
 Dtl'co?o b?cD bcttucene tlje mod rcnstomcDpjmcc ano king, Richard bp the grace of (Sod king of 
 England anD France,anDbHD of Ireland, anD ijts fubiccts on tljc one pare 5 anD the right reuerenD 
 ano religious Iojd,Io?d Conradus Zolncr dc Rothinftein, spatter generall of the knightlp OJDCE 
 ofthcDutchbofpitallof&.Matieatlerufalem.atuibislanDofPrulIia, anDbisfubiecrsalfo,on 
 tbe other part : cljefojefaiDloni ano generall matter , upon mature counfell ano Deliberation IjaD, 
 Cent bis honourable amb aflaoours totoaros England bnto tlje fojenameo molt foueraigne pjtinee 
 anDkiug, to pjopounD ano matte tbeir complaint onto Ijim of biolence ano injuries offereD (asic 
 is fapo) bp the CnglifliDnto tbePruffians : tnconftDfrationtoljercofcertninc gooDS of the mac 
 rijantsofEnglandtoerearretteDinthelanDofPruflia, CQIjofc complaint thcfoicfapDmoflgra'- 
 cious punceDio courteoutlpanD frienolp aomit, ceceiue, ano accept, anD afcermanp fpcccijcs b:te< 
 reDintljis treat j) , louinglp otfmifleD tljem ftnto tbeir otunecountrepagaine, pjomifingbp bis 
 letters vm to the fojefapD reuerenD Spader generall, tbat bee tooulo oifpatcb W ambaffaoours bn to 
 iljelanDofPruiTia, iKlhereupon,intbep6ere 1388.be fent the bono: ano reuerenD perfonageS j,83, ; 
 Spader Nicholas Scocket licentiate of bptblaiBCS, Thomas Graa,anD Walter Sibill, citi^CtlSof 
 London anD Yorke, until f ufficient aut rjojitp anD full commanDcmcnt,to fjanole, Difcufle, anD fi- 
 nallp to Determine the fo?efaio bufines , anD toit lj letters of crebence unto tlje right reuerenD lap 
 anD matter generall afo?efapD. (KCHjich ambaflaDoucs,togetber toi t h Iohn Beuis of London t (jcie 
 infojmer,ano trje letters afo;efaiD,anD tbeir ambaffage, t ije fato rigbt reuerenD lojo anD Spader ge* 
 nerall,at bis cattle of Marienburgh, trje 38, of 3ulp,in the peare afo;efatD, reuerentlp anD bonou. 
 rablp recciticD anD enterteincD : anD in his minoe edcemeo trjem toejtljp te create anD Decioe tbe 
 caufes afo jc fapo : ano fo unto tbe fapo ambauaoouurs be topneD in commiilion on bis beljalfe,tb}ce 
 of bis otone counfeUers,namelp tbe bonourable ano religious perfonages Conradus dc Walrode 
 great commanoer , Seiffridus Walpode dc Baffenheim cbiefe bofpitalarp anD commanDer in El- 
 burg, Wolricus Hachenberger creafurer.beingall of tbe o?oer afojefaio. JGBbtcb ambatfaDojs fa 
 entreating about tbe pjemifles , anD funo jp conferences anD confultations bauing pafTe d bcttueere 
 tljem, frienolp ano ttritb one content, concluoeo an agreement ano concojo in manner following : 
 'Sbatistofap: 
 
 f irft, tbat all arredments, repufalS.ano impignojattons of tofjatfoeuer gooDS anD marcljanoi- 1 1 
 fes in England anD Pruflia, maoe hefoje tbe Date of tbefe p?efents,are from bencefojtb quiet,free, 
 anoreleafeD, trntboutaUfrauoanooiulmuIationj infomucb tbat tbe Damages, charges anD cp- 
 penfes occafioneD on bottj p arts bp reafon of tlje fojefapo gooes arredeo,are in no cafe hereafter to 
 he rcquirco ojchalengeD bpanpman :but tbe DemaunDsof anpman toijatfoeucr p?opounocDiti 
 this regaro,are anD ought to be altoge t her f r uttrate ano boroe,ano all actions tuljicrj map 0? (ball be 
 fommenceD bp oceafion of tbe fapD gooDS arretteo.are to be ercincc anD of none effect, 
 
 Spojeouer,it is feconDlp concluDeD anD agrceo.that all anDfingulcr Piuflians pictenDing tljem' ?' 
 felues to be iniurieD bp tbe Englifh at tbe pojxe of S wcn,o? eIfetobere,botofocuer, ana toljenfoes 
 ucr,bcfo?e tbcDateoftbefcp?e"fcnts,ba«ingrcc«ueD tbe letters of tbe fojelaiDe right reuerenDe 
 Iojd ano Spader generall,anD of tbe cities of tbeir aboDe,are to repapje totoaros England, unto tbe 
 fapo bon: cmbanaDours.tobonreroafuQ tljem, anD top?opounDauDc.rbibite tbeir complatntes, 
 bnto tbe fojcnameD Io?o anD King, VLty mod gracious p? in cc is bounce to Doe bis inoeuo ?,tha t tbe 
 parties amn ifico map baue re (tit ut ion of tbeir gooos maoe onto tljem, 0; at lead complete tudice 
 ano iuDgemcnt totthouc oelap, SUfo in like maner all Cngltfl) men affirming tljemfelues tobaue * 
 bene enoamagcD bp Prufll ans, tobctcfocuer,boU)foeuer,anD toljcntoeuer, are to ijaue rccourfe bn< 
 to tlje often fo^enameo right reuerenD iojoc tlje trader generall, toitb tbe letters of tijetr king 
 ano of the cities of their aboaD,pjopounDing tljeir complaints ano caufes Unto fjtm, COrjo like= 
 mite is bounD to Doe Ijis inbeuour that tlje fapo lotfes ano Damages map be rcfio jcd , 0; at tbe lead 
 tbat fpeebie iuogement map be ,tuit bout all Delapes.crccu t co. <<Ehii caueat being p? emifco in each 
 claufe, tljat it map ano ftjall be freelp granteD anD permitteo bnto euerp man tljat toill ciuillp make 
 bisfuiteanD complaint, to Doeiteitljerbp bimfelfe,o?bpbispjocurate?o? pjocurato?s« 
 
 9lfo tbirolp it is agreeo,tbat to Ijofoe tier of Prulfia is DetermineD criminallp to p jop tniD bis crt- 3 » 
 minal complaints in England : namelp tljat bis bjotljero? kinfeman batbbeenellaine,toounDeD,o? 
 maimeD,bp€ngli(b men, tlje fame parcie is to repap^e onto trje cttie of London in England, ano 
 bnto the fapDambafTaDo^s, bunging toitbbim tbe letters of tbe fapo right reuerenD lo?D tbe ma' 
 fier generall,anD of tbe cities of tbeir abooe : tobtclj ambaffaDo js are tobaue free anD full autbou' tp„ 
 acco?Ding to tbe complaints of tbe men of Pruffia, ano tbe anftters of rtje Cnglifl) men , to make 
 anoopaine a frienolp reconciliation 0; Ijoneft recommence bettoeene fucrj parties s toijich reconci^ 
 
 liatiott 
 
 W 
 
— 
 
 i 5 z TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, %ch.i. 
 
 liation the fapo parties reccnctleb are bounD bncoubteblp ? xuityo ut oclap to obfmie.se tic if there 
 
 teanp €ngliflj roan founo, toljo fljall rafblp contraDict oj contcmnetfce competition of the 
 
 fo?cfapo ambafiaoors x tbentbefapD ambaflaDours are to bjing t(je fojenamet PiufTian plain* 
 
 tifes befoje the pjefence of tlje kings S^aiettie i anD alfo to wafee fupplieation en the bcbalfc of 
 
 fucb plaintifes, trjac complete iuttice aim ittDgmcnt map toitbeut tempts tee atminiflrcb, accc^ 
 
 Ding astrjofefuites are commences, gpojeouer tobatfocucr Cngltfijman, agaiuft totomanie 
 
 one of Pruffia tooulo enter bis action , (ball abfent bimfelfe at tbe terme, the fapo atnliatTfCc ur? 
 
 aretofummonano afcttetbefojefapD englifijman to apptareattbc tcrme nertinfuitig, that 
 
 tbeplaintifcsofPruffiaraapiunotoifefcemeto Depart o? to rcturnelome, toitbeut ittogemeut 
 
 o? tlje affiOancc oflatoe. potoeifthefapDCnglifljman being fummoneD fljall be fctmb GmV- 
 
 bojneorDifobeDient,thefo?enameDambaffaDours are to make their appralc ano fupplicationin 
 
 manner afo?efapD. 3nD m like fojite in all refpectis {ball the englifh plaintifcp be Dealt toitfcalt in 
 
 Pruffia.namelpintbecitieof Dantzikjtobcrc tbe oepucifsi of trjc fapDcitieatiDofthecitieof EI- 
 
 bur» flj'alcakctonto ttjemfelucs ttoo other beaDbojougbs ,one of Danrzik,anD tlje otb'e r of Elburg; 
 
 tobiebfourecommtflioners are to bauein alrefpccts.tbe berplihe atttbojftp of occiDing,Dtfuiu"iiig, 
 
 anD Determining all criminall complaints! pjopounDeD criminally, bp Cnglifljmen agatnftanp 
 
 Pruflian o? Pruifians, bp frienDlp reconciliation, o? Ijoneft retompenfe, tf it be pcffiblc. 35ut if it 
 
 cannot frienDlp be DetcrmtncD.oj if ante Prulsian fljall net peclc obcDicnce bnto anp fuch cjoer o? 
 
 composition, but fljalbe founo to contraDict ano to contemne tlje fame : from thenceforth tlje faia 
 
 foure Deputies ano ijeaDbojottgbs are to make their appcale anD Supplication bnto the spader ge- 
 
 neraH of tljelano afojefapD,that bnto the fapo «£ngliflj plaintiff fpetbp iuDgcrocnt ano complete 
 
 iuftice map be aDminifircD, IButifit (ball fo fall cut that anp of tbe principal! offctiDcrs Sballoc* 
 
 ceafe,o? alteaop are DeceafeD in either of tbe fapo countries, that then it fljall bee free ano lattfuil 
 
 fojthe plainttfc to pjofecutc bus right againft the gooDS o? beites of tlje partp DcccaftD. SUfo, fc j 
 
 the erectttingoftbe premiums tbe termestonoer tojittenare appointee: namelp tbefirft, from 
 
 the S>unoap tohereupon Quad modo geniti is to be fung iurt enfuing , tonttll the fctictith Dap 
 
 following : ©be fccouD bpon the feaftot the bolp Crinitte nert to come, ano fo j feticn Depr s fcl= 
 
 lotting : Che thirD upon the eight Dap after feaint Iohn-Baptifl nert to come, 9 fo? fetten categ 
 
 following J "Che fourtb,laft,anD pei emptor terme fljall be upon the fcaft of <§>♦ Michael nert to 
 
 come,aiiObponfeuenDapesncrt follototng, QnD from thenceforth all caufrstobicb cencerne 
 
 Death, 0} the mapming of a member,toitb all actions p?ocecDtng f CC m them, are to rcmatne altc* 
 
 getljetboiDeanDcrtinct. atiDifptraDuentureanpone ofthefojcfapDambaOfaDcttrs, fljall in tfec 
 
 meanc fcafon Dpc,tben the other ttoo fljall baue autbo^itie to chuf e a tljiro bnto them, 3nD if aftec 
 
 m nanti t the Date of thefe p?tfents anp caufe great o? fmall Doth arife o? fp?ing foojtb, it muft bee 
 
 rtoin*. Decioeo in England ano in Prufsia , as it fjatlj l»ecne acc»ftomeD in times paft ano from ancient 
 
 times, , ® 
 
 4- aifo, it is farther concluoeD ano agreeo bpon,tljat all latofull marcljantp of England to&ofo* 
 
 SySffS* «tet fljall baue free licence anDautbojttp,toithallhinDesofflnppes, gooos, anDmarchanDi- 
 
 BiiftmatcData fts, torefojtebntocuerppojtoftbelanD of Prufsia, anDalfototranfiiojtdlfucIjgooPsann 
 
 m p<uffi». manhatirjif/es bp farther bnto anp other place in the fapbe lano of Prufsia , ano there toitlj all 
 
 kinoes of perfons freelp to bargaine anD make fale, as heretofore it bath from auncient times 
 
 beneacculIomeD. aObichp?iutleDge tsgrantco in all things anobp all circumftances bnto tbe 
 
 Prufsians in England. Sno if after the Date of tbefe parents, bettoccne the fapo ktngbome of 
 
 England, anDlanoofPrufsiaanpoiuenfion 0} Difco?De (tebicbQcoDfojefcmOfljcttlD arife: then 
 
 the fo?efapDfoueceignep?mceanD king of England, ano tlje fapo right reucrcno lo?D the Scatter 
 
 generall are mutuaflpbp their letters ano melfengers to gme certificate ano intimation one bnto 
 
 another,conccrmngthe matter ano caufe of fuch DtflenCon ano cifco?D : toljiclj intimation, on tlje 
 
 hebalfe of tbefo jefato fouereigne prince $ king of England,fljall be Deltuereo in the fojcnameD ta* 
 
 ftleof Marienburg: buton tljebetjaXfc of tlje fapo right reuercno Icjd the Spafter gcnetallj fucb 
 
 intimation fljall be gtuenin the citie of London afojefapD,bnto the Spat'o? of tlje fain citpuhat then 
 
 fuch a oenunttation 0? intimation being maDe,tbe marchants of England anD the fubiccts of tlje 
 
 lanD8fPrufsiamap,toitbmtbefpaceofone peerenertfollotoing, frctlpanDfafelpretume home 
 
 toitb al their gcoos i marcljanDifes : if at tlje leaft,in the mean totjile, feme compoCtion, 9 frtenolp 
 
 league bettoeenc the ttoo fojtfapo countreis be not in fome fojte concluoeD. 3nD that all the p?e* 
 
 miflcs map moje firmelp ano faithfullpbeputtnDuepjactife auDcrecution on both partes, fo? 
 
 tbeftrongane inuiolable keeping of peace anD tranquillitp : ano alfo foj the full confirmation 
 
 anDflrcngtbeningofall thefapoe p?emifles, theth?ee fojefapo honourable ano religions per* 
 
 linages being bp the faiD right reueren Iojd tlje Rafter general appowteo as tomifltontrs to Deale 
 
 intheaboueto«««nopin«ionajiDtompoCttion,hauecau&Dtljeirfealesbntotl)efepjerentstobe 
 
 put: 
 
< Rfch.i. c Pruff.ambaJ[. Traffiques ? and Difcouenes. 155 
 
 put : anD the fayD Donation atfo.ano letter m the lame tmouc too jn nn tooja, atis m all points 
 euen as it is inferteo into tbefepjefents, the? banc tmitttallp recciueo fro tlje aboucnamc o tlj?cc 
 ambaflaDottrs of the right fcueraignckingofEnglandur.Der their fcales, (Sittenattljecaaieof 
 Marienburg tntlje peace of oat Io?D afb jefapD,Upon the ttocnticth Dap of the uionctb of 3up&, 
 anoiBetljerefojeDoeatccptjapp^ouejtatifie^nobptljetrnoutoftljcfcjjfefeiusaacronfirine.tlje 
 tompofittonjOjotnationjConeojoe^tio treat? afojtfapo, 31n tetfimonp tobcreof toe iiattc caufeD 
 tI)efeourIetterstobemaoeptentg^titneu"eottrfeIue0aWeflmin(lertlje22,of SDctober^iu 
 the thijteentbpeare of our reigne. 
 
 By the king and his counfell, 
 Lincolne. 
 
 The letters otQonradus de hngingen, ,Mafter generall ofTruJTta, 
 written vnto Ricbardthe fecond } king of Bngland,\n theyeere 
 I j p8,for the renouncing of a league and composition conclu- 
 ded betweene E»glanda.nd Fru/fu, in regard of mani- 
 fold iniuries offered vnto the Pruffians. 
 
 Oftr fumble tommenDations,toith out carnett pjapers unto ©00 foj pour CBaieffir, pjemi-- 
 feo. SpottrcnotomeD pjinceanDmigbtp IojD,it is not (toe (joyc^out of pour 39aicifics re- 
 memb^ance.boto our famous yjeoecefTour ping immeDiatelp before bs fern ccrcatnc letters of 
 his onto pour bighneffe, effcctuallpcontapntng fttnDjp complamtsof gricttanccs, iniuries ano 
 toffe&toberetoiththemarcbants ofbislatiDeanDSDjoerbeingtoooiit in times pair to oifitepour 
 feingDome toith their gooDS anD marchanDifes, haue bene contrarp to their lib; rttcs ano p?iuilro= 
 ges annopeo toith manifblo injuries ano to jongs, Cfpcciallp Ctljeujs tbcp banc beene molctlcD tit 
 pour realme, being contrarp to thefrienDlp competition maoe ano celebrates bp the bono : perfo= 
 nage&maffer Nicholas Stocket,Thornas Graa ano Walter Sibil,inthepeare 1388, toith the ii£= 
 fiffanceoftheircoarb!tersonourparr,anD contrarp to ©od anD all Mice, eppjeffto toith mani- 
 folo Damage£s,toffe.s,anD griettances : as incertaine articles erljibiteo bnto out pjcDecelfo js afo?e* 
 fapo itooethmo^emanifefltpappeare. 3Jn confioeration tohcreof being behementlp moucDbp 
 the oarrmifteD parties , fje bumblp belougbtpour highneffe b? his meffengers ano letters, fo? com^ 
 jjlementano erectttionofiuflice. about the tobich affap?es pour SJjJaieGicreturneD pour letters 
 of anf were onto our fapD p jcoeceuo^fignifping that the fapo butmeffc of articles concerned al the 
 communaltpof pour realme,anD that pour Ijighucffe purpofeD,after confttUatton hao in pour par« 
 Itamenwo feno a mo?e Deliberate aufmere concerningtbe p^emiffes^nto our pjeocccflbur afo?c= 
 Capo, ^otobcithebcingbpDeathtranffateoctttoft!jisp?efentuJO?Io ) anocurfelues bpthcpjo* 
 ttiDence of ©od fttccccDingin his roome,anD alfo long time erpecting an effectuall anfwrre front 
 pour highneffe, arenotpetinfojmeDastoeloolseD for : albeit the complaints of imurics ano lof= 
 leg offeree onto our iubiects Doe contiuuallp increafe, "But from benccfoojtb to prouioc 
 acemeoie ano a caueat for tlje time to come , the fapo complapnt Doctb upon great reafons 
 mooue ano inttite me, Sntheng therefore in regaro of the fapo compofition,neither pou no? pour 
 fubiects map be ittogeD in the empire: anDftthens plaine reafon rcquireth tbattheonebe not 
 inrichcD bp the others Me t as bnoottbteolp our fubiectg fljoalo futlainc great Damage bp the 
 eompofttionafojefapo.bpbcrtuebjhereofpour litbiects ooecniop allcommoDiticsin ourlanoc, 
 ano contraritoife our fubtects in pour realme baue fuffcrcD,? as pet funojie toapes do fuffer ma= 
 nifolo DitcommooitieSjloffcs ano iniuries, 52Jherefo?e(moK foueraigne prince anD mightp Iojd) 
 being reafonablp mooucD bpon the caufes afo^efapD, toe doc, bptheaDttife of our cottnftllers,re' 
 uofceanDrepcalethe fapo compofition concluoeD asigaboueto^tttcn, together totth the effect 
 thereof, pttrelp ano ftmplp renouncing the fame bptbefe pjefents : refufing hereafter to baue ci< 
 ther our felttes 0? our fubiects in anp refpect to llano bounD bp the berttte of the fapD compofttion; 
 but from henceforth, ano fo? the times heretofore alfo , bee it altogether uoioe ano of none effect, 
 PjoutDeD nottoith(tanDing,thatfrom tlje time of the notice oftljis Denunciation giuen bnto the 
 foono: gpaiojofpottrcitie of London, foj tbefpaceofapcarenertenfuiug.itfbattbe latofulifo? 
 all marchants of pour ktngoome tohacfoeucr,toith tljcir goeos anD marchanDifrs torcttirne home, 
 acco jDing to the fcnmc in the fo jefapD compofuton erpjcfleD : conoitionalp tha; our fubiects map 
 eiten fo in allrefpects be permitteD to Depart, totth the fafctp of thdr gooDS anD liues out of pour 
 Hominions : thi'spjefentrenuntiation.reuocationjanD retractation of the ojocr anDcoijipofittou 
 aTo?efapD,nottotthllanDing, fi?otobeit in anp other affapjestohatfoeucr,Dcuoutlpto fubmiteur 
 felues bnto pour bjghueffe pleafurc ano commanD,botlj our felucs, anD our tobcle jDtr arc right 
 
 toilljng 
 
154 TheEnglifh V (^&gQs,%ich.iSPruf.ambajf 9 
 
 MlmtjaitBBffSrotissanoalfo to bcntfiteaiuj promote poutfubtectiE! toetutimocutur to ttjct»c= 
 moflt of our abilttp. iSmcuinour cattle of Marienburgituljepearccfourllojc 1398, anecpon 
 the a a. cap of Jf ebmarp* 
 
 Frater Conradus de Itmgmgenfn&a generall of the Order of 
 the Dutch knighes ot S. Maries hofpital at Iemfalem. 
 
 A briefe relation otWilliam Eftumy ,and Iolm Kington concer- 
 ning their ambafiages into PrttfsU , and the Hanf-townes. 
 
 1403, "INprimiSjtontnitheinouctljofJuIpjfltrointrjeprarecfotittojti 1403, anothe tlftpeareef 
 JLche reigne of ourfoucrcignelo?e tlje kinsdjat notoc ie,rhcre came into England the ambafia* 
 DatltS of ChcmirjbfplOJDFriConradusdelungingen.ha'ngtljcn Scatter CJcncralofPrufsia.tCtth 
 his letters oiremo unto our fo jefapo foucreigne icjo the kmg,rt qutraig amenos ano recompenft 
 fojcmamemiurtcstmiuttip offeree bp<£ngltfl} menbutotljefubiects oftlje fapc Spatter gene* 
 rail, tojitt en in 2o,art!tIc s,tohich amounteocnto the fitmmc of ip 1 2o,uobles anc a battc ?c. 
 
 31 tcm,thae the tljitc cap of the meneth of ©ctGbcr,in the pearc of our Io?o ahonetejittc n,ana 
 in tlje fitt pcrc of the reign? of our (bueraigne lojo tlje kincc.bettocen tlje reuertnc father in @oo, 
 Henrietljenhiujop of LmcoJne loje chancelo?, mo Wiliiam Iojo dcRoos hightrr afurerof Eng- 
 land, oiitbc one partp ano thefapoambauaoourson the other partp, it teas (acco?oing to their 
 . petition) amosgtt otijer cljings ojoapneo : namelp tfjat the liege people of our foueraigne lo?o the 
 king fboulo frcctp Ije permittee, tontill the fcafl of fatter then iurt after enfuing to rcmaine in tie 
 lane of Pruflia.aiio from thence toichtbeirgooosfmarcbanoifes to retumebnto their oton borne; 
 ano alfo, tljat tlje fubiccts of the fapc Scatter generall in tlje kingcemc of England thculo haue li« 
 cenceauolibcrtptoooetbe like, pjouioco altoapes, that after the tuncabouclmutteo, neither 
 tlje Cngiiflj marcljants in tlje lane of Ptuffia,no? the Pjuffian marthacs in tlje rcalme of England 
 fhoulo vifc anp traffiquc of marcljanoife at all , bnlcffc in tlje means fpate it ttere othcrtoifeagreeo 
 ano conclucco bp tlje fapc kingano tlje fapc Spatter general. 
 
 31 tern, immcoiatelp after our fapc foueraigne lojo tlje king fent his letters! fcplohn Browne 
 marchantofLiniuito tlje fojefapo Spatter generall, fo?to haue mutuallconucrfation ano inter* 
 courfeofoealingtocontinuefomecertainfpace,betn)ecnethemarchantsofEnglandanoofPrufl 
 fia: pjomittng in tlje famelettcrs.that hetooulo m the meane featbnfenovmto the fojefapo Spatter 
 his ambalfaCojg to intrcat about thepjetcnoco tniurics afojefaio : iohicb letters tlje fojefape Spa* 
 fler,fo? Diners caufes,refufeo topeeloeinito,asmhis letters fent into our lojb tlje king, bearing 
 cate the 1 6.oapcf tlje moneth of 3iulp, in tlje pearc of our lojo 1404, moje platnelp apycaretlj. 
 
 3Item,t!jat after tlje rcceit of the letters of the Spatter afojefaio, tuhich are nert aboue mention 
 neo, our fapc king, accojeing to his pjomife , lent William Efturmy knight, 2p. Iohn Kington 
 clerke, anc William Brampton citizen of London, from his court ef parliament Ijolcen at Co- 
 uencrie,t)erpflightlpinfo)meB,as!)isainbaffaco«rcintoPruifi3, 
 
 3!tem, before the arriuall of the fapc ambaflaoours in Pruffia, all intercourfe of traffique he» 
 ttoeene tlje Cnglifl) ano the PntCians, in the realme of England , anc in the lane of Pruffia toas 
 altogether rcttraincc anc pjohibiteo: ano :n the fame lane it toas ojd apnea ano put in pjactifc, 
 tljat in tohatfoeuer pojte oftlje lane of Pruffia anp Cnglifb marcljant hac arriuce toitlj bis goocg, 
 he toas not permittee to conueigh the tape gooes, out of that pojte, bnto anp other place of the lane 
 of Pruffia,cither bp toater, o?bp Ianee,toioer the papne of the fojfcitingof tljefame : hut toas en- 
 iopneotofellthcmintljceerpfamepo}te,bntothe Prufllans onelp ano to none other, to the great 
 pieiitoice of out gfrtglifb marcljants., 
 
 3! tent, tljat after tlje arriuall of the fapc Cnglifh ambauacours in tlje lane of Pruffia, it toas oy 
 eapneo,tljat from tlje eight cap of the moneth of ©ctober,in tlje peare of our lo?c 1405, allCng- 
 J4oj t lifh marcljants lnljatfoeuer fhoulo haue free Ubcrtp to arrtue toitlj all kinecs of their marcljanoife 
 in tohatfocucr port of the lane of Prufsia,ano to make tale of them in the faio laim, as hath hereto* 
 fo?efromauncienttimesbeneaccuttomec. 9lfo funejp other commoeiousp^iuilccgcs onto tlje 
 realme of England toerethen o?oapnee anceflablifhce: as in the inecnturcsmaeefoj thispttr« 
 pofe it octbmo je mauif ettlp appeare. 
 
 3!tem,t!je fate CnglifljambaifaOours being arriuce in the lane of Prufsia, ccnwnecc of the faio 
 Spatter generally reformation ano ainencs,fo? tlje carnages ano iniurics offeree bp the Prufsians 
 bnto tlje liege people of our foucrcipe lo?e ano king, tojitten in fifteenc articles , tohichIoffesa= 
 mounteoiinto thefturaneof453 s.nobles. 
 
 3Itcm,the faio Spatter gencraM,bcCocSthearticIcscrhtbiteeDiuocnrfoueraignc Iojetljefang 
 fasif isaboucmentionec)eeliuereocntethe fapoamfcaffaooursciuers otijer articles of certains 
 
 iniurics 
 
Hen.^fPruff.ambaff. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 155 
 
 iniuncs offECiO((iauCiapc!)>viiumilp bptfnglitlj nun, unto bis lub.ects, toijabainouiueDmuo 
 the fumme of 51 ocnoblcs. 
 
 31tem, it toas aftcruiaro roncluDco,tljat bpon the firfl of Cpap ncrt t&cn inftn'ngcnantclp in the x 406",. 
 pr ere of our iojo 1 406,0? mitbtn tlje fpacc of one pcare tmiiieDiaclp foHotoiugtljcre QjottlD be* 
 ina5eacomienetu,iu£r,anDreafou;ibIe fatiffaction, fojall molcflations tmmu"lp''offercD on both, 
 partes; , as toell on tlje behalfe of our foucraigne lojo the king.as of tlje fojefapo Rafter general. 
 WW) fatiffaction not being pcrfo*meD,tbe iSjuOians toitb their gooos finarchanmfes, toitljm 
 thjj'ee monctbs after the eno of tlje fapo pere nert fcllotoing,toerc toichout mclc2aticn 0} impeoi' 
 ment,cnioineD to Depart out of tlje tealme of England toitlj their (hips ano gooBs, ano tte Cng» 
 hfl) men liketoife,out of tlje territories ano Dominions of the faio Scatter general, 9 both of them, 
 Without anp further aomonition,to abftatne $ feparate tljeiufclucs.frcm both the countrets afo?e« 
 fnpo. jfo? the performance of tohicb premiums, thcambaffaoors on both pans being fufficicnilp, 
 inttructeo.toere appointee to mcete the firHoap of St£ap,at tlje totonc of Dordrad in Holland. 
 
 Stem, that tlje dipo William Efturmy anolohn Kington in their returae hometoaros froirt 
 Pruffia totoaros England paffeo through the chiefe cities oftheHans, anu treaccti in fuclj fojite 
 toithtbeTSurgomairets of thcm,that there toere fent nictTingrrs aim agents.in the behalfe of the 
 commoufocietpof tbeH3nsmarchants,bnto thctctone ofDordiaft ; toconferre toiththcam' 
 baffiiDojc of England, about tlje rebjefTtng of iniuries attempteoonboth parrs: inhere outers a* 
 
 greementsU)erefetDoujnebcttueenctljefapDambau"aoo?s,anDmelfengers > 8sintl < eirit'Ciuuresi 
 maoe for tlje famepurpofe itDotb mo?emanifelUpappeare. 
 
 31tem,that the meeting appointee at the totonc of Dordra<3, bpon the 6rfl of SJ^ap, toas bp tlje 
 letters ohhcfD^fapbanihattaDojSjPjojogrlJljnto the firft of Sugutt then nCct enfuing ; ano af* 
 teruiara bp bcrtue of tlje Rings letters tonto tlje ficfl oap of 3parcb nertfcltotoiag : ano tfjere toas 
 another Dap of prorogation alfo. 
 
 3Itein,thatnfcertbep!ojogacionsafo?cfaptj, theambauaeo?BofEngland,anDtljemctrcngcr3 
 ? commifftoners ofPruflia met togetljcr at the tottine of Ha ge in Holland,tlje 2 8. oap of Slugufl, 
 in tlje per? of our lojo 1 407, 8no there toas a treatp bettocen tlje concerning the fumnie 25954. 
 nobles ano an halfe, Bemauoeo ontljebcljalfeof the fapo (fatter generality amenes ano rccom* 
 penfejn conSoeration of wjongsofferepbnto himfelfe ano Unto bis fubtects of PrulTia,as is afo?c» 
 fapo. aifo the fapo Spader ano bis IP ruffians, beGces the fumme not pet beclareo in tlje articles, 
 toljich is bet? fmall,are to red comentce anb fatif ftee toitlj the fumme of 89 5 7. nobles, in lieu of 
 althe Damages afojefaiu : no times of patment being then afTigneo 0; limiteb,but aftertoare to be 
 rcatbnablplimitee ano au"ignco,bp our fepo foneraigneiojo the king. ;jn£oniuclj,that our faio fo- 
 iteraigne Iom the king is to to^ite Ijis fulintention^t Determination concerning this matter,i'n Ijia 
 letters to be oeliuereo the 1 6. Dap of sparcb,bnto the aloecmen of tlje merchants of tlje Hans re» 
 Being at Bruges.2Dtbertoife,that from thenceforth allleague of fcienoujip (hall bee Diffolueo bc e 
 taiecnc tljercalme of England anbthelano of Pruflia. 
 
 aifo it is farther to be noteo,that in tlje appointment of tlje fumme nert before torittcn to be mf« 
 burfeD out of England,tbis concitton toas aooee in tonting.namelp.tbat if bplatoful teutmonies 
 it map fufficientlp ano effectuallp be pjooueo, concerning the chicfie articles abouetonttcn, 0? anp 
 part of them, that fatiffaction toas maoe bnte anp of thofe patties, to tohom it toas Due : oj that 
 tlje gooos.of ano fo? tlje tohicb complaint toas maDe on the the behalfe of Pruflia T m the fapo arti< 
 cles,DtDo?DoepertapnebntootherB,or that anp other iuft, true,o7,reafonable cauft maplato-- 
 fullp be pjoueo $ alleogeo.tohp the fojefaio fums o? anp of them ought not to be papeo ; that tlje 
 in the ftimrnes containeo in the articles aboucmenttoneD ,fo much onlp muu be cut off,o j floppeo, 
 as ujalbc founD,eithcr to Ijaue bene papo aIreaop,o? to appertatne bnto others, o? bp anp true,iu(I, 
 ano reafouablccaufe alleageo^iot to be Due. tfJcitljeris it to be ooubteo, but fojthe greater part 
 of the fumme Due bnto the Pruflians.tbat not our lo?o the bing.but others (toljich toill in time be 
 nominateo)are, bp all eqtiitp ano ittttice^o be ccmpelleo to mane fatiffaction. 
 
 3lfo,at tlje Dap ano place abotte mentioneo it toas appointeo ano agrceo bpon.that our Io?o the 
 king ano his Uepc fubiects.fo? the faio 45 3 5,nobles cemanoeo of the €r\&$) in conttDeration of 
 recompenfe to be maoe fo? iniutics offereo nnto the pmffians , are to Difcfjarge 9 pap the fumme 
 of 764,noblcs, tohiclj arenot as pet Difburfco : but tljep haue referueD a petition to them, unto 
 tobomthe fapo fumme is oue,o? if tljep pleafcrtjcreujalbentaoe fatiffaction : toljiclj toill be bcr? 
 Ijaro ano ertrcme Dealing, 
 
 3!tem,that in tlje latt affemblp of the fapo ambafiaWDS of England ano meffengers of Pr ufsra, 
 (jotoenat Hage.maoe as is afojefapo.fo? thebeljalfecf England.there tocre etljibiteD aneto cer» 
 taiue articles of iniuries again3 the ■pruffians. iSbebalueof Wt\> lolfes amotmteDbntotbe 
 fmmne of 1 82 5,nobles ano tl;}ee (hillings, 
 
 3KM 
 
i?6 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, Hen.^.SPruJf.ambajJ] 
 
 3|tem,on tlje contrarp pare foa tbebeljalfe of t^e HpnitTians tbe fumme of 1 35 5, nobles, cigljt 
 fljillingsano fire pence, 
 
 ftem,foiafmucb assiuers article^ piopomw>eb,as tocflon tbe bebalfe of England, as of Pruf- 
 fia,anboftbe cities of tbe Hans, botbberctofoje anb alfoattbe laff coriuentionboloenat Hage, 
 lucre fo obfcure,tbat in regarb of tbetr obfcuritp,tbcrc coulo no rcfolute anfuiere liee maoe bnto 
 tbem : ano otber of tbe Capo articles cibibiteb, f 0? tuant of fufficient pjoofes, coulo not elearelp 
 be oetetmineD bpon : it bias appointeo ano conclubeb,tbat all obfeure articles gtuen bp bp anp of 
 tlje fojefapo parties bJbatfoeucr, ougbt befo j e tbe cud of Caller then nert enfuing,anD luttbin one 
 babolc peace aftcr,to be beclareb befoje tbe Cbancclout of England, foi tbe time being: anbo* 
 tber articles euioentlp crljibiteb.bttt not fitfficientlp p jouco.to be pjoucb, bnber painc of pcruc ttt- 
 all cr clufi on, JESJljicb being Done acco tbinglp, complete lattice (ball be aominiit ccd on bo t b pacts. 
 
 3]tem,as concerning; tlje cleuentbarticle,foitljebeljalfeoftlje'li3jjUlTians, firflcerbmitcb.tobicrj 
 eontcinco loffes amounting bnto tljc fummeof 2 44 5 , nobles : as toucljmcr tbe fir it article on tbe 
 beljalfe of England erbiutteb in tbe lano of Pmflia.conteining loffes tobicb amoutco to tbe fumme 
 of9oo t nobles: aftetmanptbingsaUcabgeDon botb pacts, relation thereof (ball be mabeintlje 
 aubienceoftlje king ano oftbe Spatter generall:fotljattbep mall fet Dobine, oibauie,anbbcter* 
 mine fuclj an e not ano cone lufion of t bofc matters, as (ball feeme mod erpeoient bnto t bent. 
 
 Now concerning the Liuoniam who arefubieel: vnto the 
 great Matter oiPrjtfsia. 
 
 INptimis, tbat tbe Spatter of Prufsia bemaunoeb of tbe fapb Cnctltfb ambauaDours, at tbeir be* 
 inginPrufsia,ontbebcbalfeoftbemofLiuonia,iobo are tlje fapo spader bis liege people, to 
 batte rettitution of tljeir loffes, bniufllp (as be faptb) offeree bnto tbem b^ tlje €nglifb,nameIp,fo? 
 tbe robbing anb rifling of tb?eefljips. ©be balneof tebicb Ibips anbof cljegooas tontaineb in 
 tbem , acco^oing to tbe computation of tbe Liuonian maccbamg, ooctlj amount bnto tljc fumme 
 of 8oj7.pt»uno,i 2.(billings 7,pence, 
 
 tjpobibett afteebjarb tbe truetlj being inquireb bp tbe fapb ambaffabois of England, the lode of 
 tbeLiuonians erceebetlj not tlje fumme of 7498, poHno,ij»(I)ilUngs, lo.uencebalfepenp far- 
 ming. 
 
 3ttem,fo?afmttcb as in tlje fapb njips, on tbe bebalfe of tbe fapo Staffer, anbof certaine ettt'es of 
 tlje Hans,tlicre are alleabgtb aboue 2 5 o.men beep barbarouflp to be Djovunco , of tofcome fbme 
 b)ecenoble,anbotbcrsbououcableper(bnages,anbtbeceffcommonmaccbants?mariners,tljere 
 betas Demaunbcb , in tlje firtt bpet 0; cotutcntton bolDen at Dor dr aft, a cecompenfe at tbe banoes 
 of tbe fapb Cngliftj ambaffabois : albeit tbis complaint teas erbmittb in tbe beep latter enb of al 
 tbe negott'ations.in fo jme of a fcebule,tbe teno? tobcreof is in touting at tljt'S piefent,f beginnetft 
 in manec fo Homing; : Cum vita hominum &c. Ifotobcit in tbe latt conuention [jolocn at Hage, 
 as ii af 3 jefaio ,it bias concluoeo bettneene tbe ambaffaoours of England, aim tbe meffengersana 
 commiffioncrs of tlje lanoof Prufsia, anu of tlje cities of tlje Hans; tbat our fapo foueraigneloia 
 tbe king,njoulD,of bis great ptetie,boucljfafe effect uallp to beuife Come conuement anb tobolefbme 
 temeoie fo i tbe foules of fuclj perfons as toere jotuneo. 
 
 31tem,tbatourfapofoueraigneloibtbebtngtofllfignifie intojitingbi'S fullpurpofe 9 intend* 
 on as tottcbing tbi* matter.bnto tbe aloermen of tlje Hans tnarcljants tcfibing at Bruges, bpon tbe 
 fijccetntbbapof^accbnertfollovoing. ©tbetboife, tbat from bencefoojtb allamitpanofrienB* 
 ujip.betbJeene tbe cealmc of England anb tbe lanbof Prufsia fljall be biffolueb. 
 
 jSeitber is it to beboubteD,but tbat a great part of tlje fapb gooos , fo? tbe tobiclj tl>e^ of Liuo- 
 niaboe oemaunb reffittttion , namelptoare ano furrcs.reoounbcb bnto t\)i bfe ano commobitie 
 of our fotteraigne top tbe king. 3no alfo our faibfoueraigne loib tlje king gaue comrnanbement 
 bp tjtsleeccr^^bat fomeof tbe fapDccoons Oboulo beoeltuerco bnto otberg. anoagrcat pact of 
 tbem is as petreferuebintljetotone of Newcaftle.SDneBemeld alfebatb tljebett of tbe lapn tljjee 
 tbips in poffeffion. aifo it is repoiteb ano tbougbt to be true, tljat certaine jfttrricrs of London, 
 tobicb toiU be oetecteb in tlje enb, baue tab a great part of tlje fapo gooos, uamelp of tbe Jfurres. 
 
 
 Cfitfe Q)iD9 
 lucre CAhen bp 
 
 200f3ulp 
 
 3404. 
 
 Himburgb, 
 
 Now as concerning the cities of the Hans. 
 
 INprimis tbe Hamburgers erbibiterj nine articles, toberein tljtv bemattiibeb reffittttion fo? 
 certaine omnages offereo,as tbep fapb, bp tbe Cnglifij men, tlje balue of tofjicb loffes amoun* 
 teo bnto tlje fumme of9ii7.nobles, 2o,pence. jfo?tbebJbiclj,afcerbueeicamination,tbereiBa0- 
 P?omifeo ceBitution to tbe fumme of 4 1 6.noWes,5,u)illmgs, ^efioes tlje ttno articles p?opoun« 
 
 oeo 
 
 
 
— ^ L ljj 
 
 Jlen^Truf.AmbaftTrsSUcpfcsfc Difcouenes. 157 
 
 
 Dcoagatnfltl)eofScardcburg,tl)efiiranieU)bcrof\Bai5 23i.pounDs J i5.?,8 < 6.t5ccrn!ngtt)etoi)icb 
 there Was rentence gitien in England Up tljc comifuoners cf our io?D ti)C king.tlje err cucion toljcf 
 of baas pjomifeD bnto tbe faiD Ipamburgers bp ttje ambafiaboisof England :leaueanD licence 
 being refcrucD unto the fapo I) nntbui'rrrra, of Declaring o j erplaning certainc obfeure articles bp 
 tljcm ertjibiteD.uiljtclj Declaration ttas to be tnaDeat tlje fcaQ of € after then ncrt to comc,o? tt)itb' 
 nt one peare ncrt enfuingtlje fain frail, unto the cljancelo? of England foj tlje time being , and of 
 plotting the Capo articles: ano others alf ctohich baue not as pet f tiff icient Ip bene pjoutD, £Ct hicb 
 bcingoone tbep ace tobaucfull complement ano crcctttton ofiuft.ee, 
 
 aifo bp tlje Hamburgers tljcte ace DcmaunDCD 445 .nobles from certain e of t be inhabitants of 
 Linne in England, CClljicIj fumme.tf tc Ojalbe p joomo to be Due bnto anp € ngliflj men.tljc $am> 
 burgees ace to reft contenteo tottb tbofe gooDs,inijicb tbep batte alreaop in tbeir polMions, 
 
 3tcm, tbep of Breme pjopounocD fire articles.tobf rein tlje fnmme couteineo amouncetb bnto Breme. 
 44 1 4 .nobles, 3no tijere boas no fatiffaction pjomtfeo bnto tljcm. "£m tbe fame libcrtte ano li- 
 cence teas refmico unto tbem,in like matter as befoje bnto tbe hamburgers* 
 
 31tem,tbepof StralcflundpjopounoeD ig.arttclcs.tobcrof tbefumme amountcD bnt074i5, St » I « ffuni 
 nobIe3,io.D,fo? tlje tobicb tbere toas pjomifeo fatiffaction of 2 5 i .nobles , 3 ,q. 91fo Ijere is a ca= 
 ueat to be obfetueo : tljac tljcp of Straleffund hao of €ngltftj mens gooDs a great fitmme particu- 
 larlp to be d t clar cD,tolji eh u ill per ao uent ur c fuffice f 0} a r ecompenfe . Stno fo me of t Ijc ir articles 
 ace concerning imu ttcs offer en bef 02 c 2 o , 2 2 , 2 3 , 24, peres pair. 3 Ifo their articles are fo obfeure 
 that tbep mill ncucr , j be rp barolp be able to Declacc 0? p?oue t Ijcnt, HJotobci t tbere is refer uet» 
 tbe berp fame liber t p bnto t be m,t bat mas before bnto tlje hamburgers. 
 
 31 tem.tbep of Lubcc p j opounDeD 2 3 .articles, the fumme tube re f ex t cnDco bnto 8690, nobles iub«. 
 anb an ha! fc : toljcr etiyon it was agr ceD ,t Ija t tbep ffjoulD baue paico bnto tljem 5 s o .nobles, Chcre 
 toas refecueo tbe fame libcrtte bnto tbcm,tohiclj toas bnto tlje men of Straleffund. 
 
 atemjtbcpofGripcfwoIderbtbtteD 5,articles,tbe fumme toljereofameuntcb unto 209a.no* Gtiptcwoia. 
 blcs ano an Ijalfc, j?o? tbe toljicb t here teas pjomifco fatiffaction of 1 5 1 .nobles anb an balf,9nD 
 tbe faiD mcnefGripefwold (jaue of tbe gooosof Cnglifljmcn in po(fculon,totbebalucof 2201;. 
 nob!es,i 8,s,as it is rcpoucD bp tljem of Linne. 3nD tbe fame libcrtte is refecueD bnto tjjem tljac 
 toas bnto tbe hamburgers. . , 
 
 3!tem,thcpof CampenpjopounDCD ten articles, tbe fumme toljereofertcnDCD bnto i405.no* ompou 
 lies* djtce is no fatiffaction pjomifcDbnto tljcm: but tlje fame libertp tsrcfcrueDbntotljcnt, 
 tolj iclj bias bnto tbe otber aboue mentioneD, 
 
 3)tcm,tbeambaffaDojsofEnglandDciTianDeDoftbecit^enSDfRoftok5rWifmer.fojDamagc8 
 fciniurics bptbcmcommitteDagaitifttbe fubtectsof tbefo?cfapo foueceigneking 3 2407,nobles, 
 2,6. 1 o.d. 3no albeit euecp of tlje foiefapo cities fent one of tlje ir burg entailer 5 bnto the totone of 
 Hage in Holland,to treat toitb tbe CngfiujambafTaDourSjit boas in tljeenDfottno out, t 'gat tbep 
 baDnotanpautbojitpofnegotiattngo^concluDingougbtatal.^nDtberfojetbepmaDetbcirfattb* 
 full p?omtfcs,tljat euecp oftbefaio cities ftjoulb fenD bnto our fottecaigne Lojd tbe king one 02 
 ttoo procurator 0? procurators fufficientlp inficucteD to treat rtconduoe toitlj out tm fonereigne 
 • Ioid tbe king about tlje Damages anb miutics af jefsto at tlje feaft of tbe nauitic cf ^aint Iohn tlje 
 ^apttfi. 
 
 Compoiitions and ordinances concluded between themeiTen- 
 
 gersof T 'rater Conrtdus dc lungingen maflcr gencrall of Prufiia: 
 and the chancelor and tteafurer ot che realme or' England 1403. 
 
 I53tbcpereofoutlLo?Di4oj > bpontbefeattofS>.MichaelcIje9rcbangcl,tbertgbtbono:H'cn= 
 rie biffjopof Lincoln,cbancelo?of England.anDtbelojDde Roos bigb treafutetofEngland.f 
 tbe ambaflaDojS of Prufsia,Iohn Godek of Dantzik.f Henry Monck of Elbing, mailers of tbe 
 fame cities Ijane at Weftminftcr treateo in maner of compoilcion about tlje articlesbnDcrtoitt* 
 ten: betuiecntbemofifouereignelorDtbekingofEnglandjanDtljetigbt reuereno? Ijonoiable 
 Conradus de Iungingen Smaller general of Pruflia , as concerning tbe inmries offereb bnto tbe 
 peopleof Pmfsia attD Liuoniabpontljefea bp tbe CEngliu). 
 
 3r*irft,tbat allfljips tuttbtljetrappuvt£nanccs,iftljecommo6itics of tbemarinets.accorohtgbn* 
 to tbe conoition of tbe tljtngs,anD allotljer gooostaken aiuap bp tbe ^ngltuj, toljicljare actuallp 
 bnoiuiDcD 9 toboIe,are inconcinentlp $ tottb al fpeeo to bee relloieD. 3no if tbere bee anp Defect in 
 ougbt,t!je balue of tbe fain Defect is to be accounteo, $ toitlj otber lolTesof gooos to be relloreD,ae 
 tbe terme of tlje reftitttt ion to b: maoc ano DeliuercD, 
 
 atem.tbat all (bips,Damages,anD gooDs (as tljep are ronteineD inout bill of accurati'on) tobicb 
 atenotnototmmeDtatelpreltojeD,areto brnflojeOMtopapDintbelanD ofPrufl.a,bcttoeentbiis 
 
 © ano 
 
 Dim 
 
ijrS The Englifh Voyages, Hen^Trujf.ambalf, 
 
 - - : ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■ i^ — — — — ^_^_ — — Ap 
 
 anntbetermeappointen,toitb full erecutionano complement of iufttce. 
 
 31 tern, concerning tlje perfons tb?otoen ouec boo^o o? flame in the fea : it ffiall rcmapne to lite 
 bctrrmineo at the mill ann plcafure of the moft migbtp pjincc the Ringof England,ano of the rigljt 
 rcuerenn the Spatter of Pruflla, 
 
 3!ecm,bcttocne this ano the terme appofateo fo? tlje rettojtag of the goons taken atoap, fr bntill 
 there be cue payment 9 rcfttt urion of tbe fain goons perfojnuo, the marcljants of England ano of 
 Pruffia areinno totfe to erercife anp traffique of marcbanbife at all in the fojefaio lanns, 
 
 1403, Memorandum, rbattbetbtrbbapoftbemonetljofSDctober.ntt^cpere of our Io?bi4oj 4 anti 
 
 in tlje fift pere of the reigne of tbe moft migbtp pnnce ann locking Henrie tbe fburtb,bp tlje grate 
 of <25oo Ring of England ann France $c. bettoecne tbe reuerenb father Henrie biujop of Lincoln, 
 chancelo?,ann tbe right bonojable William lojo deRoos,biglj trcafurer of England, botbof tbem 
 counfellers bnto the fapofoueraigne Ring on tlje onepartp,ano the right toojujipfull IohnGo- 
 deke,anb Henrie Moneke,fent as meffengers bp tlje right reuerenb ann religious perfbnage, 
 Frater Conradus de Iungingen Spader general! of the Dutch knights of tlje ffijber Of S§)«Mary 
 on tbe other parip : it toas,at tbe requeft ano inflaneie of tlje fapn meffengcrs, appopnten, anb mu« 
 tuallp agreen bpon, that all tlje liege people anb fubiects of tbe fapb foucraigne lojo ann Ring (ball 
 batte free licence ano libertp bn t ill tbe feaft f € after nert enfuing,fafelp to trauel bnto tlje Ianb of 
 Pruflia afo jefapo.there to rcmainr,ann tbence.toitb tljeir fl)tps,marcljfinoifes, 9 other tljeir goons 
 tobatfocucr,to returne bnto tljeir otone borne : tohicb on tlje other fine, all tbe fubiects of the fapb 
 Spatter general map.toitbm tbe terme pjefireojiketoife noe, in the fojefato rcalme of England. 
 liDjouiocD altoaies,tbat after tlje time aboue limiteo, neither tlje fapb merchants of tbe realme of 
 England map in tlje lanb of Pruffia,no? the merchants of that lanb,in tlje rcalme of England,eicer« 
 cife anp traffique at al : bnles it be otbertoife jbaineo bp fome ccmpou*tion,bcttoecne tbe fojefaiu 
 kingof England,?? tlje fain £©aftcr general in tlje meane time concluten.3inbJttneiretohcrof,onc 
 partofthispjefentlSnDentureis to remaineintlje cuftoDie of tbe fojefaiomciTengers.<Siuen in 
 tlje Chapter- houte of the£hurchof £>.Paulat London,tbc nap ano pere aboue tojtttcn. 
 
 The letters of the chancclor and treafurer of England,\nto Frater 
 Conradus de Iungingen^ mafter gcnerall ofPrufta 140 3. 
 
 R31gbt rcuerenn anb migbtp lo?n,potir honorable meffengcrs John Godekc,ann Henry Mo- 
 neke,tlje bearcrsljereof comming of late bcfo?e the pjefence of our moll foucretgne lojo the 
 king of Engl a nd anb of France,ann being toelcomeb bp our fain lo ?n toitb a rbearefull ann fauou» 
 rablecountcnance,tljepp?efenteb certaine letters on pour bebalfe bnto the Rings S^aieflie, toitjj 
 tbat rencrence tobtcbbefeemeci tbem : erpounbing bnto bis Ijigbnes, funn jp piracies 9 molettatt* 
 ons offcren of late bpon tlje fea,bp bis liege people 9 fubiects bnto pours, contrarp to tbe leagues 
 of peace ano anittic, tofoichljitberto (bp (Sons grace)baue benfmaintaineb anb continueb on botb, 
 parts, 3[n confioeration of tobicb piracies anb moleftations,psur meffengers oemanbeb full refit* 
 tution ann recompenfe to be mane, either bnto tbe bamnificb parties, 0? bnto tljeir procurators. 
 <KCle therefore at tljat time,cfpeciallp being in the p?efcnce of our foucraigne ( tobo toith bis pHif* 
 fantarmptooRehisp;iogreffet6toaros tlje remote part of Wales being fubiect bnto bis comin!> 
 on, to fee iufttce crecuteo bponhis people of thofeparts, toljo berp ra&jlp Ijaue pjefumeo to rebel! 
 againft Ijtm tljeir fouereigne , contrarp to tljeir atlegeance) right toell perceiuco that it toag W 
 Ijigneffc intention,tljat euerp one fljoulo batte nue tuftice faitbfuHp anminiftreb bnto bim,efpcttal= 
 Ip pour fubiects , ano that toitlj all fauottr, toljom he Ijatb altoapes in times pall right gractouflp 
 tntrcnteb,aB if tbep ban bene Ijts otone liege fubiects anb natiue countrep men , tofjome alfo bee 
 purpofetrj he reafter fttenblp to protect : infomucb tbat bettoecne bim ann bis fubiects on tlje 
 one partp, ano bettoecne pou ann pours on tlje otljcr partp,great abunoanrc ann perfection of mu* 
 tttallamitpmapincreafe, Snn therefore toe offcren bnto pour fojefapo meffengers, after tbep 
 Ijaoparticularlp ncclarcobnto bs fucb piracies ano to?ongs, to fence tbe Rings letters bnto 
 tljem of toljom complaint toas mane,firmelp iniopning tbcm,bnner gtiettous penaltics,tbat toitb« 
 out nelap tbep reftojecjeaufe tobcereftojebbnto tbe parties Damnifies , 0? bnto their pjocura* 
 tours, all <bips,marcljanbifcs,toares, ann goons, bptljem taken 0? biolentlpffolne from pour 
 fnbicctSv aobtbat pour fain meffengers utap partlpattainetbeimefire, toe batte commaunneo 
 certaine tujips,marcbanbifeB,toares, ano goons, founo in certaine bauens,to be beliuereb bnto • 
 tbem. llpotobeit, as toucbtng otljer goons, toljiclj areperljaps periujeoojtoantingbpinfojtu* 
 nate oiffrpationo? neftruction, ann fo? tbe tobtclj the fain meffengers of pours oemano fatiffaction 
 to be mane bnto tbem toitbin a certain rime bpbs limit en :map it pleafe pour bono; to bnoerftann, 
 
 that 
 
 t jaamtlp the 
 
 fttpofEdRaid 
 Scof.UCaleis. 
 
 •Sfit rtjio of 
 
 Tidman Dordc- 
 want anB Tid. 
 man Warowf n, 
 atOrwelAllb 
 
 'Zcpifwich. 
 
 ( ■;"■■«» 
 
 ■ 
 
 i 
 
Hen.^.. c PruJf.ambaff. TrafFiques,ancl Difcouenes. i$p 
 
 tuat m the abfeuce of our fapb touemgne top cb«.kma,bcms eg pet tm lemftdiu Irom to, luce can 
 in no toffe limit oj fct oobone anp fuch terme of rimr < 3Qotb)itbuV.m>ing ) at the iijofperouBrctunte 
 of oucfouEraigne.tocaceoccermtneD to commt:ne tokliljtm about tbi'Bmacter.aDf ttljoft anfwere 
 fofooncas toe be ccrtifieb, Dae psirpofc to ugnificbiS Intention unto you lip our letters. «S>ic!jrns 
 fllfo (rtgljt rcuercno aHD migjjtp Iojb) pour fapb meffeugersarecententeo, for tbeprcfent, to ac- 
 cept of our offer afo?efap»e, as tnueeoe bp all reafon tbep ought thereat to red content, efpe= 
 t iallp bJhereas up tbtemeanes the? (ball the moje fpecoilp attaine bnto tbc effect of their purpo* 
 fes (to the fljojtc anb toilheb crecuticnano performance of inbtcb offeree toill.bp ©ods lje!pCjEn= 
 Beuou^totljeMmoflofourabtlitpJmapitbepotirtuillanDpleafure, that as in the kingoomeof 
 En gland, petit marehantsanb fttbircts are courteouflp tntreateb: eueufo the marchants ano lirgc 
 people of our foueraigne lop tbe king anb of bis kiugoomes pcaccabtp frcquentingpourparts,ci* 
 tber in regaro of traffique or of anp atrjer tuli occaficn, map ttjere in like manner fricnDlp bee bfeb, 
 anbnJitlj vourmarc{jantiSanDfubiectsfufferebto communicate , ann tohaueintetcoutfe oftraf= 
 fique, inioping the commoDittes of the ancient league. 35p this alfo the feruent ?ealeanc affection 
 te^iclj pott beare tonte cljr roj'alt crotune of England fhallimboubtcblpappcarc: albeit bettoeenc 
 the famous houfes of England anb of Prufsia,tbe banbts of bnfaincb louc ano frienolbip haue bin 
 fuccedtttelp conmnico anb kept imtiolable in times pau\ 9nbtbuc(tigbt reuercnbmib migljtp ft 
 
 Jo^b)totn)ingbntopoBincreafeofljonouranbp?ofperitp,U3cctnfteourIeaucs. (KUrittenatLon- f™, 
 dontlje6ftofi3Dctobcr,mtl;cpeareofburlo?oi403. * Jf 
 
 By the chancelor, the treafurer,and otherlords of the hono : 
 counfell of the king of England ztid France, being perfo- 
 nally prefent atLW<7». 
 
 The letters of king Henry the^.vnto Conradus de fun* 
 
 gingen the mafter general oCPrufiia, for mutual conuerfation 
 • and intercourle of traffique to continue between the marchants 
 ot England and otPruffiafotz ccrtaine terme of time* 
 
 J Emy bp the grace of <55ob,king of England $ France, anb Iojb of Ireland, to the noble 
 : anb mightpperfonage of farren religion,Frater Conradus de Iungingen Scatter ge= 
 \ nerallof the ©?ber of tbe Dutch knights of g>, Marie gtc. our mod oeare ano toelbelo- 
 1 ueb fricno,gretting, ano continual! increafeof our r.uncient ano Gncereamitp.TBp tlje 
 grieuous coinplapnts of our liege fubierts concerning traffique, as it toere ctrcularuiife too j fro 
 both ourbcminionSjtue haue often btneabuertifeb tl;ac in regatbof biuers iniutics ano carnages, 
 lnljiclj as bjell our as pour marcljants ( tobo bp tlxir oealinajs in marcbanbite toere teoont peacea' 
 lip to bfe mutual conuerfation together, tohe reuponberp manp commooittCH arc knotocn to haue 
 pjoceebeb) haue,bp occaGon of pirates,toutng bp ano oobjne the fea, fometimes heretofore futfap* 
 neb : both tbe fapb marchants of our $ of pour bominions bo abflainc themCeiues fro their Vuonteo 
 mutual coucrfation gt trafftque,as thep haue liketnife carefullp abEaineb at fometimes heretofore, 
 anb efpcctallp fcomthat time,U)here:n at the inftant rcqueff ofpottc mcuxngers,being of late before 
 ourpjefenrc^he free accefleofour marchants unto pour territories anb Dominions,? of pourmar- 
 chaius bnto our realmcs hath bene fo?bioben, <§>ithens therefore (out moS beare frienojfuch miu* 
 ries (if anp)as haue bene attempteo againfl pour fubtects,toere netter committeo bp our totll ana 
 confent,aS toe thinhc tli.it pour fclfe on the otljcr fioc haue bone the like : ftthens alfo,fo much as in 
 bs lieth, luce are reabp to crhtbtt full iuttice tuith f auour bnto anp of pour people being btCrous to 
 make complatnt.fo that accorbinglp iullice map equallp be oone bnto our marchants bp pou 9 pour 
 fubiectSjtobich marchants haue in like fort bene inittrieb.toifbing torith all our beart,that tlje antt< mt Amfmt 
 entfrienbihip^Iotie, tohichhatbcontinueo along time bettoeen our realme ano pour territories ftunocjip uc 
 anb oominions,map pcrfcucre in time to come,anD that ftoect ano acceptable peace,tohicb is to be ™g p^* * 
 cmbraccb of al Chrtflians.map acco?oing to the goob plcafure of the author of peace, be nouriibcb 
 ftmapntaincb : toe bo moll heartilp require the fapb fricnbfhipjerhortmgpcu in tlic lojo that pou 
 tooulo on pour behalf confent f orbain(euen as,if pou ftall fo 00 , tue fo? our part inil confent like* 
 fotfe) that from this prefent bntil the feat! of Caller nert infuing (al mo-leffattos 9 injuries tobich 
 map be offeco ccafing on both parts)our fubiccts bp pour territoricsjj.bominions, | pour ftibiects 
 b)> our realms.map peaccablp $ fecttrelp trauel, $ that acco?bing to their tocmeo matter, tljcp map 
 fdenolp couerfc g erercife mutual traffick together: becatife toeare oetenmneD to feno bnto pou $ 
 pout counfel in the mean time fome of our ambaffaoors, ftienblp to tnt-rcat about the forefaio pre-- 
 tSoeo iniuties,tb far forth as tljcp Cbal coccrne our fubiects$t mhofc ariuel lue Cans in goob hope 
 
 £D % that 
 
i<5o TheEnglifh Voyages, Hen.^/Prujf.ambajJ] 
 
 tljat bp tbetue aominiGrationof iuGice on botljparts,fuclj o?Der(bp ©obs afuttance) ujalbetafceH, 
 tljat mutual peace ano tranquillitp map be eGabttfljeB bettocen bs in times to comr.aifo our BcQtc 
 is in pa«icular,trjat our marcbants gtltegc fubiccts map baue mo?e free paffage granteB tbem bn« 
 to tbe parts of Sconia.fo? tbe piouiBing of Ijerrings anBcf otberfifljes tljrre , that tbepmap tbere 
 remapne, ano from tljcnce alto map mo?e fecurelp returne bnto their ouwebome : anD toe befcecl] 
 pou in conGoeration of our otone felues , trjat pou tooulo Ijaue our maf cbants ano liege fubtects 
 efpeciallp recommenDeo bnto pou, fafelpp?otectingtljcm(ifnwDft)aUr£qtttre)Dnbertbeu;aDoiai 
 of pour Defence: eucn as pou tooulB Ijaue bs to scale in tlje like cafe toitb pour oton ftuMects.Spo?e« 
 ottcr.toljatfoeuer pou fljaUUnnfte gooB to put in p?actife in tbis bebalfe, map it pleafe pouof pour 
 frienBujip.bpourfaptbfullfubiect IohnBrowne tbe bearerbereoftogmebBtobnBcrflano. an 
 tlje fonne of tbe glo?ious birgine fare pe toell , toitb continuall p?ofperitp ano felicftp accoutring 
 to pour otone hearts BeGrc. Q5iuenbnBerourp?iuiefeale, atoarpalaceofWettminfter, tbetlft 
 nap of June, ano in tbe fift pere of our reigne. 
 
 Poftfcriptura. 
 
 RfgtjtmtercnB ano our moQ BearefrienB : albeit our toelbeloueB Arnold de Dafleletlje p?o« 
 curate? of pour fo?efaiB meffengcrs,being BeGrous at tljis time to make bis final returne bn« 
 *o pour parts,bp reafon of tlje aff<ip?es,fo? tobtcb be Ijatlj rematncD in our realme of England.can* 
 not as pet obtaine bis toiujeB crpeoition : nottoitljGanBingpou of pour Gnrerc afft ctton ougbtnee 
 to maruel o? anp tobit to be grieueB tbercat : becaufc troubles of tears ariGng.tobicb m forac fojc 
 concecneo our felucs,anB efpeciallp in regarB of tbc continuall affautts of tbe jfrcneb men $ Bri- 
 tons againflDsanBourfc'ngBome,fo? tbeoffcnceoftobom.anscurotoncocfesicc, ourlicgefub* 
 iects (efpeciallp tbep, of toljom pour fubiccts BamnifieB Ijaue maBe tljeir coniplaints) ijaue armto 
 tljcmfelucs to combatebpoti tlje fea:toe coulo not grant unto tbe fo?ef?.pB Arnold fucb ano fo fpee» 
 Bp an erpeBition,as be earneGlp BeGreB to baue. Onto tlje toljiclj Arnold pour p?ocurato? toe Ijaue 
 offereB in as Ojo^c time as mapbe,to aBminifter complete iuftice toitb fattour,to p cnB tljat fo; tbt'js 
 caufe be migljt Bifpofe Ijimfelfe to remaine in our realme of England : $ pet nottoitbflanBing toee 
 tooulo oo tlje berp fame euen in tlje abfence of tbe fapo p?ocuratoj, 6iuen as aboue. 
 
 To the moftrenowmed prince and mighty Lord, Henrie 
 
 king oiEngknd &c. our gracious Lord. 
 
 OOr bumble recommenBations, toitb our mott intrant anB continuall p?apers fo? pou being 
 graciouflp bp pour ^ateme tafeen in gooB part gs c. Spofl foucraigne King,mt'gbtp p?mce,grw 
 tious lo?B,anB bnto bs moil bnfapneBlp be!cueB,toe receiueB of late pour gracious letters bp pour 
 ^icGiesliegefubiectIohnBrown,tbecontentsb)beroffeemeBtobetbefefoHotoing:fir8rljatof 
 long time ljeretofo?e,tljere Ijaue bene bettoecn the marcbants of pour realm ?of our lanos, not on" 
 Ip quiet etpeactable arcclTe one br.to anotber^lut alfo mutualparticipation,$cominon traffique of 
 tljeir toares,being rigbt romoBtous 9 auaileable fo? tbem botlj:botobeit,tbat note tbe fo?efaio p?o« 
 fitable conuer fation.bp reafon ofcertain noto?ious robberies, commitKB bpon tlje fea bp pp?ate8 
 againff botb parts,* tbe toonteB acceffe alfo of pour fuutects Bnto our Bominions,toere altogether 
 fo?l)iDoen, Spo?eoucr,pcu call to rememb?ance tbe ancient amitp $ frienBujip betttcene botb out 
 laiiDSjtuitlj tlje inualuable commooitp of ftoeet amiable peace, tnljicb are bp al faitbful Cb?iflians, 
 totljebtmoftoftbeirenoeuourtobeimbjaceB.iKabftuponpouofpourerceebingclemencp.Boof^ 
 fer pour S$aiefltes ful confent,tbat tlje fo?efaiB p?obibition being releafeo bntiltlje feaft of Caflet: 
 nertenfuing, tlje fats marcbants of pour Dominions map in our territories, ano our marcbants 
 lifeetuife map in pour realms(al moleltations ceafing) ertrcife tljeir tooonteBtraffique : efpeciallp 
 fitbens in tlje mean feafon pour ropall totfoomeljatb oeterminea to Birert bnto bs pour bono: am» 
 bau"aDo?sinfrienolpfo?ttotreatanBparIetoitbbsastoucbingtl)cp?tt£nDcBiniuries,fofarfo?t() 
 astbepmapconcernepourfubtects, SlBBing mo?eouertn particular tljat toben pour pcopleftjall 
 rcpap?e bnto tlje parts of Sconia to fifij fo? berrings,bauing conGBcration ^regarB bnto pour ma- 
 teGic,bJe tooulo Ijaue tbem efpeciallp recommenBcB bnto our p?otertion jc, Sport foueratgnc lo?B 
 g&fng>$ gracious p?ince,bjeeBoe toitb bnfaineB anB Ijeartp affection emb?ace tljeo?acleg of pour 
 maieGies mott courteous | acceptable offer : toberein pou baue bfcB moft Diligent f effectual! pet- 
 ftoaGons.tljat coplc ment of iufiice fljoulB be Bone bnto tlje parties iniurieo, 9 tljat peace $ friens^ 
 fljip GjouIb talte place, maRiiigno Boubt of pour obm ropall perfon, no? of our felues 0? of anp ap» 
 pertapning bnto bs, but tljat our inclinations aiiB DeGres in tbts rcgaroearc all one ano tbe fame: 
 neitber tooulo toe ligljtlp tranfgretTe tr)elimits of pourpctftoaGons toitbout foirtt iuG,toeigljtp,f 
 
 rcafc- 
 
 1 
 
Hen ^..Truf.Ambaf. Traffiques,c3c Difcoueries. i&f^* 
 
 reafonable caule,ft>rafmucbfls the matters perfuiaocD are in tocrpDeebe mcu" ijfippppicfcruaciucs 
 
 ofa common toeale, peas of nature it fetfe, Sporcoucrtoljcreaspourbisbnr^ljjtljfartljerrcque'- 
 
 fieDbs.tljattheproljibitionofpour fubiects acceflebntoottr oominiens mta;bt,bntill tlje frail of 
 
 Waller ncrt enfmng.be rcleafco: toe anfruerc (bnber corrccr.on of pour maicllics mo re Deliberate 
 
 cottnfcII)tbat it is farre more erpeatent for botb paws to Ijaue the fapo prohibition continue b tfjen 
 
 releafeD.tiiitilfueljtimeasfdtiffactionbeperformcDonbotljfiDesuntotbepartit'SenDamanjetijiioc 
 
 in toojos ontp,bttt amtallp $ reallp in bcebs.or bp {bme courfe of iato 01 fricublp compoficion,j7o? 
 
 there isnoequallnor uibifferent kinbe of contort or trace bettoeentlje impouertftjeo party anb 
 
 t)im that ismricbeo , bettoeenetbe p.utictobtcbbatlj obtapneb luttice anu Ijim tbst bath obtapneb 
 
 none bettocen t be offeuoet auo trje partp orTenoen : becaufe tbep arc not mpotteo toitfj like a&ecti? 
 
 ons.f or tbe remebrance of initities eaSlp ftirretbbp inconftberate motions of anger. SUC^fitch a 
 
 Wncof temperature or perniirtion.as it toere.bptoap of tontrarietpbreebctb more bittcrnes tben 
 
 ftneetnes.morc bate then Jouc: thereupon more (jrieuous complaints afuiclbntepourbigbnes as 
 
 Unto ouc feluts.migbt beoccafione b. r £be lorn knotoctb,tljnt ruennoto toe arc too mucb toearteo 
 
 ano Difquietcb toitfj tlje importunate ano inftant complaints of our fubiects, infontttcb cbat toee 
 
 cannot at tbispr^Mbpanpconuenieiit meant? releafeo? biffoluetbe fapDprobibition, before 
 
 toee befufficientlpinformebbppotirmaicGies ambauaoors, of tbe fatif faction of our cnbamageo 
 
 fubiects, iFurtbermore,tobere?s pour maieftics tequeil, concerning pour fubiects tljat fijal come 
 
 tmto tbe parts of Sconia.is tbat toe tooulo befenb tbem bnoer our protection : be it knotoen totto 
 
 pour bigbnes,tbat for bitiecs conftocrations os r cafonablp mouing^eing prouokeb bp tlje quecne 
 
 of Denmarke anb b" pcoplcbewg alio brgcb tbcreunto full fore apinfi our toils, for tlje repels „ t 'Sa!S Kn 
 
 ling ano mtoiDiug of inturics.toc Ijaue fent fortb cur ;rmir againft tbem. Dpotobcit &r a certaine 
 
 time a truce is conclubeb on botb parts > fo tljat our people are actuallp rtturneb borne, jfarre 
 
 be it from bsalfo^ljat our fubiects being orcupieo in toarrrSjUjouloinanp forttoilltnglpmolcir 
 
 or rcprocb anp flrangers , of ttljat lanbrs or nations focuer , not being our profeflco enemies, 
 
 jFortbiSftjoulo be to opprclfe tbe innocent in fieab of tbe gttiltp, toconbenmetbeiuufor tbebn* 
 
 iutt : tben tobiclj Hotbing can be more cruel , nor a rcttcnge of greater impietie. 3in berp neene 
 
 (moS graciousprinceaiuj loroe)toe are roouib toittjr'.gbt beartp fpmpatbp ano companion fo? 
 
 anptneomtemence tobicb migljt bappenin pour regiment : toiujing from tbe bottome of ouc 
 
 Ijeaits , tbat all affapres map rigbt pjcfpercuflp anbljapptlpfucrccbe, about tbe ropallperfbii 
 
 a«o regiment of pour moll crccllenc^aieflie, anotbat continuallp. 'Slbe like tobcreof toee 
 
 bopefrompou: moGbumblpcommen'oing our felues.ano our taljolc Cijocr unto pour bigbnes. 
 
 (Sitien at our cattle of Marienburgb a tlje 1 6.aap tbe monctb of 35u!p,in tlje pere ofour loro 1 404. 
 
 An agreement made betweene king Henry the fourth and 
 
 Conradus de lungingen Matter generallof theland oifrupA. 
 
 Jl)iS3!nt>entnremaDebrttoecn feir William EHurmyknigljt, lohn King- 
 ston ci£rkc,ano William Brampton citizen of London tbe ambaflaoors.conv: 
 ; muTioners^meflengers of tlje moumigbtp prince anolojo, ourfottcrcigne 
 [loroHenriebptbegraceofGSoDkiitgof England anrjFrance, anDlojbeof 
 ( Irc4and,for tbe repaprtng.refojmathn.anbamcnasoftobatfocner Damages, 
 * grieuances,erccffes, biolences, anDtniuricsmanpfort bniuttlpattcmptcD, 
 ll Done,or offercD.bp our fapb fottcraignc lorb tbe king ano bis liege people anu 
 fubiects, bnto tlje great ano migbcp lo jd Conradus de lungingen fatter general of tlje oroer of 
 tbe Dutcb knigljts of fe. Maries ijofpit all of lerufalem , or bt's mbie'cts: anD for tbe rcquiring.Dc* 
 manDing,ann recctuingof Cucblifee reparations.rcfojmattons $ amenbs,bp tlje foiefapb Io?Dtlje 
 Spafier generall/or tbe beljalfe of bimfelfe o? anp of bis fubiccta tobatfocuer, from $ in tbename 
 of our foueraign lore tbe king % bis fubiccts.bnt tbe fapo gaffer gencralinto Ijis lanD of Prufsia, 
 \si our fouereigne lorn tbe kmg,$ appointco as ambaffaDors on tbe onepartp : 3iid bettoeenc tbe 
 bono: lorDS anD religiousperfonagCS Conradus de Lichtenflcin great COmmanDCC/Warnherus 
 de Tettingen cljiefe Ijofpitalarp % commaDcr in Elbing,gf Arnold de Hacken treafurer, tlje pro- 
 curators $ commiflioners of tbe great 9 migbtp lorb tljeS^aller gencral^being tn like $ equal fojc 
 anotn all refpects.as tbe ambaffabours of tngland are,autbori?cDou tlje contrarp fibc bp tbe au.^ 
 tboritie ana potocr of tbe fapo spafier general on tbe otber part,tottnciretb s 'Cbat bitters treaties: 
 5confcrencesbeingbolDenbetmcentbefaiDambau"abors,me!rcngers 3 fp?ocuratorso?c6miflio^ 
 nets of $ concerning tlje reparations, reformations $ ainenos of certaine carnages, grieuantcs, 
 ejccelTeiSjbiolcnce^ 9 iniuries oScrcb ano attempteo, aftoel bp tlje ^ jufftacsagamB t|jc €ngliflj 
 
 © 3 a* 
 
- - ■ ■ — , . , 
 
 i6z The Englifh Voyages, Hen^TruJf.ambaJf. 
 
 .^^^^ — ■ ■■—■■■, . ^ ! W - 
 
 a?bpt()e<£ngUa)agmiiCt|)cP?ufftan0,amjofotljeract6sbmuaiptomniittfD on iaotlj parts; in 
 conclulion, afrenljEfapDtreatifejtijefo^fapBambaJTaiiours, procurators ano conimiu*tonersbj> 
 bettue oftrje autljoptp committee bnto tbcm appopnteb.anb toitb one confent agreeb unto tljc ar» 
 tides bnbettojitten. 
 
 Inprimis,tl)at fo? the confiberation of mutuafl Ioue anb tooonteo frienbfljip , ano of peace ano 
 tranqmllitp Ijetcaf ter to be continue!) ano maintaineD,anD alfo that the articles bnocrtojittcn map 
 mo je pjofperouflp be bjougljt bnto a toifljeb effcct,bettoeen our Catb foueraign lo?b tbe king jbig 
 liege people frfubiects^ tbefubiects,people,$ inhabitants of the territories ano Dominions of the 
 fojefapo loathe Spatter generall.it is agreen ano contluDeD , that all liege merchants of Eng- 
 land tobatfocucr, ujall tjaue free licence anblibertie to arriue toitb their ujippes , goons ano mar- 
 cbanbifestobatfoeuer,atanplj3ojteofthelanbofPrufsia, ano alfo the fapo gooosanbmarcljan* 
 bifesfartberbntoanpplaceoftbefapblanbof Prufsiatotranfpojt, anotbere toitb anp perfonoj 
 perfons freelp to contract ano bargaine,euen as heretofore, ano from auncicnt times it bath bene 
 accuttomeb. W.Wa libertp in all relpects is granteb unto the Ruffians in England, 
 
 3|tem it is farther agreeb bettoeene the fapb ambaflatourS, procurators, anb commifltoners, 
 140% tbat tohereas of latcnamelp in the peare of our lojb 1 404 , tbe fapb Spatter general bp his Difcreec 
 fubiectS Iohn Godek of Dantzik.anb Henry Monek of Elbing, bis ambalTa&ors g mctfengers, 
 for tbis putpofe bath caufeb certain articles,(namelp 2o,in number) containing in them matters 
 of Bamagcs^nolcflationSjbioIenccs, ano iniuries committer anborfcrcbagainttthefaib Spatter 
 generall 9 bis fubiccts, bp our fapb foueraigne lorb tbe king bis fubiects ? liege people, to be et= 
 l>ibiteb,giuen bp ano oeliuereb unto our Io?o tbe king afo?efaio in his kingtome of England .- it is 
 conclubeo ano agreeb about tbe Capo 2o,articIes,bp tbe afojefaib ambafiaDors,commiflioncrs,ano 
 p?ocurato?s 3 as in tbe acts 9 pleas hao anbmaoe befo je tbe fapb ambalfaDo?s , ccmmuTioners ano 
 procurators, ano in tlje recorbsmabe aim torittcn of ana about the examination of fitch srticles, 
 itismojeatlargccontapneoCbntothetohicbtte Capbambaflacors, rommilEoners, anonclfctk 
 gcrs ooe here in this place refcrre themfe!ues)of the toljicb articles alfo fome are recettieb bp the 
 commiflioners afo?efapb,anb others are pjojogeo bnto a certaine time bnser torittcn , cticn as in 
 tlje forefapb regiflers it is more fullp contapneb ano putcotonc in lujiting. 
 
 Sstoucbingcertaineotber articles alfo crbibitco a nctocbntotbe fapoCngliu) ambaflabors, 
 tnti)elanDofPtufsiabcingi<5innumbcr(bJbercofoneisaemttteb 3 5tbereflarep?o?ogeDbntila 
 termebnbertorittcn) tljefamecourfeis to be taken ann obferueb,tobicbtoas before appopnteo 
 anb agreeb bpon, about the articles oeliuereo ano erbibittb bnto our forefapb fouraignc lojDt tbe 
 king,as is aforcfapo. 
 
 sporeouer, as touching tlje articles crfjibiteb hv tlje englittj ambaflacourS in tlje name ano be- 
 Ijalfe of tljeir fapD fotteraignelorb the king of England, bnto tbe procuratours anb comnuffioncrs 
 of tlje fojefapn lo?b tlje Spatter generall (of tbe toljicljfome are beclarcb alreabp, anb tlje bcclara* 
 tionoftberett!Sp?o?ogeo bntill accrtapneterme bnbcrnamcb , etien as intlje regiflers mabe of 
 anbbpontljceraminattonofthefapb articles, it ismojemanifcfllppjcuiDeb) tbefamecourfe 
 tStobetaken,toljicbmutt be obferucb about the articles of the fapo 1o?d the Spatter generator* 
 bibiteb.astoeilbutotbe forefapb foucraigne prince in England, as bnto bis ambafiabors intbe 
 lanbof Prufsia,eucn as about tlje fapb articles it is before concluccb, 
 
 3lno tohereas ontbebehalfeof theciti?cnsanbmarcbants oftlje cities ofRij anb Dorp, ano 
 Sftn/S^ ofotbcrtotonesintbelanoofLiuonia^anpanb great complaints banc bene bp toap of arte 
 cleserljibitcb anb oeliuereb bnto the fapb ffingliftj ambaflabours in tlje lanb of Prufsia, toljicfo 
 fojbiuers caufes, coulb notastljcn be enoeb: cljcrefojc it is concluoeo ano agreeb bpon be* 
 ttoeene the anibattabours , anb the commiflioncrs afojtfapd , that tlje faioe citizens anb mar< 
 chants map in the tottne of Dordra& in Holland , bpon tbe firtt oap of the mouetb of Spap ncjtt 
 enfuing(at tlje Taarjictjttmc anb place , tbe continuation atio pjojegatt'on of all other articles not 
 fullp beclareo in tlje partes of Prufsia , Ojall be put in bje ) bp tljcmfclucs ? tljeir laiofull pjo* 
 curators , make their appearance, foj the obtapning of a conuenient, iutt,anb rearonable refor- 
 mation of all iniuriesattemptebagaintttljemjtben.oj at fomeotljcr times bJitljin one toholepere 
 nect folloteing, anD not aftcrlbarD,being effectuallp fet do tone ano limitcb,at tbe place afo^efaib, 
 iptbeconfcntoft'oeairibairaDours anb commilfioners of eitljcr parte, all latofull impeDimentss 
 ccaftng, ,' - ■■/ '"2 
 
 ProtitocD altoapes , tljat tbe balue anb pjice of all toares, goobS,ano marcbanbtfes, tobereot 
 tljefaiDcitijcnsanbmarcljamsofLiuonia, tntbeir articles receiucb bptlje fapbe €ngliuj am=> 
 baffabours , as is afojtfapb, boe make mention , ujall be iuHl? cttcemeD, pn?eb, anb appjooueo, 
 not bp anp of England,oj' of Prufsia, 0? of Liuonia, but bp fome otljer inbifferent marcbants 
 of goo'bcrcDtte, baluingtbem attbettuerateofraarcbaws, toljicbfucljltkemawbanbifetooulo 
 
 haw 
 
I T' ■— 1 1 " . - 
 
 Hen 4 . Truf.Ambaf, Traffiques > & DifGouenes , 1 63 
 
 3 
 
 baus amouttteo unto , if,at tlje time toben tbcp toere taken.tljep Ijao bene to be feloc at the rottn 
 
 of Bruges in Flanders* 
 
 jf or afmucfcj alio, as Btucrs arm funo?p Pruffians (toljo crljibitco manifoloc articles of com= 
 platnts,beina;receiueoJ)pt!jef3iDCngIt(Jj9ml3auatio«r0,attljeiral)OOe in Pruisia) maoc not 
 tljeir perfonall appearance, before tije fame <£ngliflj 9mbauaoaurs,in tlje loims of Prufsia afore* 
 faioe;&be prorogation aboue-metttioneotoas maoc bnto tljefirttoap of the monetlj cf ijpaptano 
 alfo it teas aajrecobponbp the faioe ainbaflaoottrs, p?ocuratojs,anti CommiiTioners, tljat tlje 
 fame parties toljicfj Ijao not appearco before fijall baue libcrtie graunteo tbem.latofullp to matte 
 tljeir appearance, upontbefirtt of»@ap aforefaiDe,att|jc totoncof Dordra<2, cither : bp tljem* 
 felues 0} bp tljeir p^ocarato^s, aim alto to bring toitlj tfjem tfjelcttcrs t ettitnoiual.ano patents, 
 fealen toith tlje feale of tlje fatoe iop tlje flatter general!, (fjeljauing fittt of all rcceiueo fotma 
 ano fufftcient information fromtlje cities torjercof tlje parties plaintife are riti^ens, o; tlje Dama- 
 ges ano gricttanccs anp toap bntuttlp inflicteD Upon tljtm or anp of tljem bp ttje4£ngliflj)ta tlje cna 
 ttjat tljep map tljcre bp articles comiementlp Declare ano proue,before the 9mbaffaoours ,"$}& 
 curators,meflcnger0,ano Commiffioners of botlj partes, the rate ano bahtc of tljeir faiocgooDs: 
 ano tljat in fo ooiugtljep map obtaine cottttement , iuft,ano reafonable reffitution, fa? all acts bn= 
 iuttlp attemptet) agaiiitttbcm,tbcn,or at fomeotfjer times cffectuallp to bee fetootone ano limt- 
 teo at the fojcfaio place bp tlje confent of the ambaffaoors ano Comrniffioners of botlj parts,etten 
 as it toas aliotte promifco bnto tlje marchants of Liuonia, 
 
 ■ButiftljepofPrufsialattabottc-mcnttoneD^ujallnotbpont^efirilofS^ap, ano at tlje place 
 appointco, for fomc caufe,mato tb i ir appearance, that then it ftjalbe latofttll fo? trjem^at anp time 
 toitljin one toljole peere nett folio toing,to repaire bnto tlje lorn Cfjancelor of Cnglano,at the ci= 
 tie of lonoon, ano to intmuate ano occlare bnto him tljeir complaints before crljibiteo bnto tlje 
 fatoe CngltiTj Smbauaooursin t^elano of Prufsi3, or tofcitb complaints fljoulo Ijaue bene ocli-- 
 uereo at tlje fo jefam tcrme anoplace, or els,tlje toijicb toere not then ano tljcre fttllp finitrjeo ano 
 oifpatcfjeo : ano aim b^> articles as is afojefaiDe, to oeclare ano pjotte tlje trtte tooitlj ano effima< 
 tion of alloamages ano gcicuancess anp toapes bntuttlp offereo bp tlje Cngliflj bnto them or anp 
 of tljem : to tlje etwetljat tljs'p map (as it is abotte mmtioneo) cffectuallp txecitte, ano alfo fpee* 
 oilp aim caOlp obtaine tonucnient, tutt, aim reafonable reformation ano fatiffactian, fo? al acts 
 lmiuftlp attempteo againtt tljem, toljicl) arc containco in tlje complaints not as pet f ullp oeclareo 
 anoftntlbco, 
 
 S^ojcottcr, it is appointco ano agreeo bpon bettueene tlje foiefaioe ambaffaoottrs ano 2Dem< 
 mttru)ners:tljat tlje fo^enamco fottercign iom $ tlje faib lam tlje Staffer general arc to feno aim 
 fet forvoaro tbeir ambaffaotmrs, meDetigers, ano Comtmffioncrs, bpon tlje firtt of 9pap bnto 
 tljeplace appointeo,to treatc,parlc,agree,sno concluoe about tljofcafTa!res,U)ljiclj fljal ttjen aim 
 tljere Ijappen to be treateo of ano Ijanoleo among tljem, 
 
 jf urtljcrmo je, bctuiecne tlje often mentionco ambafTaootrrs, ^jocurato?s, ano Comrnifli^ 
 oners , it is enactco ano concluoeo : tljat bnto all ano ungular fauifull ftatutes, ominations,aim 
 proljibittGus frameo, maoc, aim o?oatnco , bp tbe faioe lo?oe tlje Scatter generall , in (jig lano of j^ otc to(Il 
 Prufsia,o? bp Ijispjoconfulsano ffonfuls, ano Ijis goucrnours of cities, to tones, toiUages, atm 
 of otljer places in tlje lano of Prufsia ,bnto tljeobferttation toljcreof, aftocll tlje fubfectesof tlje 
 faio Smaller general, as fojeners ano Crangcrs,are epeo ano botmo:bnto tlje berp fame ftatutes, 
 020inations,ano p?oljibitions,al€ngltuj mar chants toljatfccuer refojting bnto tlje lano of Pruf- 
 fiajnuC be finnelp botmocn aim fubiect. 
 
 aifo it is omaineo , tljat toljatfocuer falc-clotljes are alreaop tranfpojtco, cj at nnp time ljcrc< 
 after to bee cranfpo jteo cut of Cnglano into Pmfsia bp tlje Cngliflj marcijants,ano fijall tljere 
 be offereo to bee fotoctoljctljer tljep be toljole cloatljes o? balfe cloatljes^tljep mutt contain* botrj 
 tljeir enoes. 
 
 laffip, tljat tlje matters abotte-mentionco fall not fijojt ano bopoc of tljeir toifljco effect ; t^e 
 treatpano conference abotttall ano Angular Damages ano gricuances (toljcreof there is not as 
 pet Done, but tljere mutt be, bp tlje bertueoftljefeprcfcnts,perfo?mco, a reformation aim a* 
 menoment) mutt be conttntteo aim p?o?oa;eo bnttlltlje firttof Spap nert enftting : as bp tljcfe pje^ 
 fents tljep are conttntteo atm p?o?°ajaj tottlj tbe continuation of tlje oapes tljcu immeoiatelp fol= 
 bluing, at tlje totonc of Dordraft afojefatoe : at tlje toljiclj time ano place , a? at other times aim 
 places , in tlje meane fpacc, as occaOonfijall ferue,bp botlj parties to be limiteo aim afligneo, 0} 
 clfetoitljiu one peetc after tlje faio ftrttoapofclje monetli of £pap nert enfutngbec crpirco t tbc 
 ljurt ano oamageo parties generally befoje-mentionco , fijall Ijaueperfojraeo buto tljem a conue^ 
 nientjitttt, ano reafonable reformationonbotljpartes.prouioeo altoapes, if toitljin tlje tcrme of 
 tlje fatoe peere, fomc comtem'ent, inti , ano reafonable reformation bee not performeo bnto tlje 
 
 parties 
 
1^4- The Englifh Voyages, Ben.^.TrvJ],ambnjJ] 
 
 parties tntttrieD, atxo enoamagen ,tDhicbaregeneraUpaboue mentioned : tljat tfcen , luitfctn tbjee 
 toibole monetljs after tbefo?cfaio pete fljall erptrcD, tlic Pruflians fijall tepatt cut cf ttereaimes 
 anoDcmintons of tte faice :%>oueraigne"LojDe ttje lung of Cnglano, together toitlj tfceir mar* 
 clianut?e,anD toitbotljcr gooos tobicljtljep fijalljaue gotten ojbougljt,toitl,intl;e fpacc cf tljcfojf* 
 faioe tb?ee monetljs : ano tbat tijc ^nglifij men alfo are lifeetotfe in all rcfpects bemmcn to auoiB 
 ano (no latafullimpeoiment Ijtnucring tljem) to Uiitljojtatuc tbemfelues ano to cepatt tut cf 
 toe tetritojics ano Dominions of ttje fame Rafter generall, tcitbcut all moiellation.pcrtutbari« 
 on, ano impcDiment bobatfceiec,notieotljenntimattono} aomcivxicu being nccclTaric in tlji* 
 regaro. 
 
 J^>otobctt lead tljtf bp tbe robberies aim piracies of fome tnfoknt aim perttcrfc people, matter 
 Iboulo be mtnitfrcD Ditto tlje faiD lojo tlje S0aHer generall , of Ctoaruing from the faithfullrbfet- 
 uationof the fojefaioe agreements, o? (tobtcb ©oafojbia ) anp occafion bre giuen bim cf notob- 
 feruingtijemntisalfoDecreco bp tlje often abouementioncoambauaaoursano meffengers, 
 ibat if tbegooos ana marcljanoi?e of anp of tbcffltoclojtce Staffer generall bis fubiectes tcbat= 
 foencr njallbcfromljcncefoo?tljbmufllptafeenspontbeS)ea,bpajipCngiifi)lBirate6,anDfi)aI= 
 be carieo into t!ic rcalme of ^nglanD , ano tbere receiueo, tbat tbe ©ouernours ano keepers! of 
 pontes , ana of otljer places* (britljboljatfoeuer names tbep be calleD) at tbe tabiebpojtes arm 
 places fucljmarcbanoiftsanDgooDs {ball cljaunce to arrtue, beeing onelp infsiuneo of tbe faite 
 gooos ana siarc';anDifcs,bpfo!e report, o;t(ctljerp?oofcs teaming) bp probable fufpittcn att 
 bottna to arrett ana to keep tljem in fafe cuttooie , fauourablp to be refro?ea bnto tlje owners tfjet* 
 of, tofjenfoeuer ttcp fijaH be lattfullp oemaunoeD j uiljicb if tbep fljall omit o) oenp to perfomie, 
 from tbenccfb?tlj tlje Ciiae goucrnouts mid beepers ate bouna to make bnto tl;e parties enoama? 
 geo, a recompc:;fc of tijeit lolTes. 
 
 3nD fo? fault cf iiiCtce to be erecuteo.bptlje fato gcucmours ana kecper^ottr foucratgnlojo 
 tlje lung abouc namea.after be fljall conueniemlp be requcflea bp tbe parties Df,mni8eD,ie bottna 
 toitbut tbjee monetljs nert enfuitig (all lauifttll impectments being ercepteo)to mat e cojrefpen* 
 Dent, iutt, ano reafonable fatiffaction, bnto tlje faiae parctes enDamageo . 2D tljcrimfe, tljat it fbal 
 be ngljtlabrfull fo? tte faioe lojae tlje Spatter generall , 10 amir, t nD after tlje arreC to fccepe in 
 fafe cudoaie tbe gooos of tlje CngUflj marcljants being in tlje lanD cf Prufsia, to tlie ccnDigne fa» 
 ttffaction offtsc'j iniuttrs, as baue bene offcreD bnto bis fubtcrts, untill bis fat" fubiects be tuSl? 
 attDreafonablp ccntentco. 
 
 JLthetoifealfo iuailrcfpects,tbe Came utfiicctstobeDone bntotlje Cngliu)bptljefaiD£o?D 
 tlje Spatter generall ano bis fubiects in PruiTia, etien as it batlj bene enactco anD DecrceD in dje sp 
 bottc bJ?itten claufe , begimung.Canerum ne per &c 3Cn Cngliuj, Ipotebeitleafl tbat 9 c. ie) tbe 
 fain Staffer genccal.anD bis fubiects b^ tbe fo?cfatDeambflflaDo?s of «EnglanD,anD tbe commiu"t« 
 oners of tijc fain lo?o tlje Spader generall , tbat in like cafes tuCtce otigbt to be aDminiflreD on tlje 
 beljalfcofbtmfelf^aiiD of ins fubiects in tijcrealmeofiSnglanD. 
 
 9na tbat all ana lingular tlje touenants aboue toijitten, map in time to come, bp tbepartics 
 toljom tbep coucerne,6rmlp ano imitolablp be obferucajtbe fo?enamea ambalTaDo?s, meffengers, 
 anD commtlTioners, all ana ettcrp of tbcm, fo? tlje full crcaite, p?obation,nna tefitmonie of all tbe 
 pjemiffes, Ijaue unto tljefcp?cfent3!nDentures 3 maDffo? tbe fame purpofe, catifeD ntcrie one of 
 tljeir feales tontb tbf it otonc b?nas to be put. JDncpart of tlje iobtclj inDcntttres remame tlj in tlje 
 cufloaxoftlje^ngliujambairaDo^.anDtljeotberparttntbebaHDsoftbecommifl'ionersofPtui'- 
 fia, (BiuenattbccatlleofMarknburghinPru!lia,intbcpeereofour to^ne i^y.bpontte 8, 
 Dap of tlje monctlj of October. 
 
 An agreement made betweene King Henrie the fourth 
 and the common focictic of the Marchants of the 
 
 Hans, 
 
 Tint's 31nacntttre mane bettoeene tbe bonourable ^>ir William Efturmy knigbt, ano Ioha 
 Kington clearbe, pjo curators, melTengers,ann commtflioners fufficientlp ceputcD anD au-- 
 tljornea bp tlje mofl migbtp p jiiite.t 01D Hemy,bp tbe grace of (Sod lung of CnglanD,? France, 
 ana lb?n of Ireland.fo? tbcperfo?mationof pt!jingsbiJDertt)jitten,on tbeonc part: fjftbe Ijon.per* 
 linagCSSp.HenryVrcdeland.Sp.RimanSalumcbiefltOtatieSjThedericKnefuoltfecretarp,^. 
 
 Sim6 Clouerten cljief notarp.anD lohn Zotebottcr citi^ciijbeing fufficientlp mancann o^Datnen 
 procurators aim metTcngerSjOn tbe beljalfe of tbe cities of Lubec,Bremen,Hamburg, Sund, ano 
 Gripefwold, fa? tlje Demanding 9 obtaining feuerallp, of Due rcfo?mation,anD recompenfeat tijc 
 jjanas of our fatae foueteigne lojn tbektng, ano of bis meffengers ano commiuToners afojefapoe, 
 
4 00 * 
 
 Hen. A^fP ruff. ambaff. Tralfiques,ancl Difcouenes. 165 
 
 foralliuiuties.oainagcSjgrteuances, anomanflaugbters, anp uiapcs oniuQlp cone, attooffrco 
 feuerallp bp ttje liege people anofubiects of out fbuerfligne Io jo tlje king, Unto the ronntion fo- 
 ctetie of tfocmatcbants of the Hans,ano unto anp of tlje Ctttjens, people ano inhabitants oftlje 
 cities aforefaiocttljatfoeucr on the other part; ffiHitncfletf) % ^batbetajeencallanocucrpof 
 tlje faioe procurators,meu"engers, ano Commilttcncrs, up oertuc of the autljoritie comm;tteo 
 onto them, itljatlj bene ano is appointco, concluoco, anu oecrceo j that tlje liege marcbants ano 
 fiibiects of our faio Ibueraigne loro tlje king, anu t!;e marcbants of the common Dietetic of the 
 Dutch Hans aforefaioeJcombencefbort'jfor onetobole peere ano fcuen monctbs immcot* 
 atelpncrt cmuing ano foltounng, ftjaibe permitteo anu licenced frienolp,freelp,ano fccurelp, 
 to ctcrcifc mutual traffikc : ano like marcbants to bttp 9 fell together, one of, ano unto another, 
 euen as in times pad, namelp, in tlje peere 1 4oo.ano before that time alfo ,tbep hatte bin accu - 
 flomeo to ccerritc mutttalltraffike ano marcbartDi& ; ano to bttp aim Cell. 
 
 9lfb tbe faioe William ano Iohn agrccn ano confenteo, that tbep tbemfelues, f feme other 
 perhaps to be appoint eo in tbisbchalfe Up their faioe lojo tlje king in their tteao, ftjall Upon tlje 
 firttoap oftlje monetb of ipap nert to come , wttlj the contimtationof the napes folloniing,at the 
 toume of Dordraft in lpollano,or upon anp other terme oj termes,tijenperljaps to bee limiteo, 
 competcntip fattffie , ano performe conuement recompenceUnto tlje faioe common focietie, ci-- 
 ti?cns,pcople, ano inhabitants oftlje citiesaforefaioe, ano alfo ofotber cittes,toumes, ano uilla- 
 ges of thd Hans, of ano for all tnittries.oamages, grieuances, ano D?onimugs 3 oj manslaughters 
 Done ano cdmmittco, as tljep aflcage,agatntt tbem,oeliuercD ano etbibiteo inttiHttenarticles/on- 
 to tlje abouc namco William ano Iohn, oj els Ijeereafter to bee oeimereo anD erljibttco,euljer b)> 
 tljefamep?ocuratofSo?bpfomeotbers,u)hicljfl)alIperljapsbeauthoji5eo intbeir tteao, o?bp 
 ttjemeuengers procurators ano comrnitfioners ofotljer ctttes,tonmes,ano places oftlje Hans,in 
 eqttall ano like maner ano forme, euen as at the faiocterme limiteo, or tljenperijapsto beprojo* 
 geo,tberc is appoiuteobp the faio William ano Iohn, reparation, reformation, aim recompence 
 Unto the inhabitants of Pruflia,ano Liuonia,for tljciniuries, Damages, ano gtiettnnces Uniuttlp 
 none ano committee againtt tljem bv the liege people ano fubiectsof the faioe fouerat'gne Io jo the 
 king, in tlje p?efencc of tbemightte loa the Rafter gencralof Pruffia, inhislano of Pru(Tia,as in 
 certain letters tnoenteo.bearing Date in the caille of Maricaburgh in Pruifia the eight oapof tlje 
 monctlj of ©ctober, tu tlje peere of our lo p 1 405 .ano being maoe ano tojitten about the reparati* 
 on,refomt«ion,ano recompence of fucb like iniuriesfc/tljetenourtoljereofoughthe^to be Un= 
 ocrfloorn as if it mere infettco)tt tsmo?e manifefllp containeo, 
 
 31t mas furthermore pjomifeo bp tlje faio William ano Iohn, that tbep ftjottlo not info jce no | 
 compcll the citijtn3,people,o? inhabitants oftlje common foctetp of the Hans, or oftlje aboue na< 
 mcocities.orofanp otbercictcsoftljeHansafo^faiD(hauingreceiucofufficient information of 
 their Duelling .mo place of aboBe) to more Difficult or Dittrtcc proofes of their articles of 
 complain:s alrcaoie erljibiteo, anointhefojefatoe termcstocome,tobeeerh:biteo,tbenUn* 
 to the inhabitants of uje lanos of Pmffia ano Liuonia, accojoing to tlje forme of the 3inoenturci5 
 abouementioneo. 
 
 Spojeouct the faioe William ano Iohn ooepjomife, that fo fbone as tljep (hall come into the 
 kingoome of €nglano, ano before tlje p?c£enccof tlje:r king, tljep ftjall prouioe, tljat all ano Cn* 
 gular the pn'uilesges graunteo Unto the marcbants of the faioe Hans bp tlje renouimeo kings of 
 «Englano 5 anD confirmeo bp thefaio S>oueraigne Iojo theking thatnoto is.rauli.accoroing to al 
 their contents, be inuiolablp obfertteo bp the faio fcueratgne king ano bis fubiects : ano alfo,tbac 
 from ljcncefo?th nothing is uniuttlp to be attempteo, upon anp occaCon , pjetenfe, or colour, bp 
 the faioe^>oueraigncl|Drii'te, ano the inhabitants of tlje realme of Snglano, to the preiuoice 
 of tlje fapoc priuileoges.&hep ftjall prottioc alfo , that all tbingsherctofore attempteD ano p?ac< 
 tifeo againtt tlje faioe prtuileoges, ftjall, bp rcafonable amenoement anoiutt reformation, utterl? 
 beaboliftjeo, 
 
 TBut if after the Date of tljefep jefents(tobich (Soo forfenB)nn'tlj;n thefpacc oftlje faio one pcre 
 ano feucn monetljspjeftribeo anp Damages , tniuries or grieuances , in ftj!ps,gooos, o?pcrfons, 
 ftjottlo, cither bp tlje €ngliflj ano tlje inhabitants of (£nglano be Uniufllp inflicteD upon the cities, 
 ano marcbants of tlje cities, touines.ano places of the Hans afbrefaio, or b>> anp marcbants or o-- 
 tljers of the cities or tonmes of the faioe Hans.eitber unto tlje iJEngliftj, or Unto anp of the mbabt* 
 tantsof that &ealme,Upon anp faiueo pjetenfetohatfoeuer, all ano lingular the forefatomeffen* 
 gees, commilfioncrs, ambaffaoours, ano procurators Ijaue promifeo, that all fuch Damages , in* 
 iurics ano molettations fo inflictco bp them toho ftjall offer ano commit them, muS bee refo?meo 
 ano amenoeo, after the ucrp fame forme ano mamter,that in the like cafe reformation, reparati= 
 on ano amenos of inittries, oamages.ano molettations committeo bp tlje €ngu(b againtt them of 
 
 Pruffi* 
 
\66 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Hen.^SPrujfambaJJ] 
 
 Pruffla is to be performcn,accorning bnto a cercaine claufe concaineo in trje letters aboue mentio* 
 neD,toljicbbeginnetb : Cfterum neper &c. 3n Cnglifb : ipotobeit leaftcbatfjc. continuing bn^ 
 to tbat claufe : Et vt prefcripta omnia &c. 3n <£ngliftj $ SnD tljat all the coueuants aboue to $•= 
 ten uc. 
 
 3t iuas alfa conclaaeti bcttoeene the fbrefaioe meffengers, commiffionerS, ann procurators, 
 anntoitb one general! confctuagreennpon, tbat iffromtlje firftnapof tbemonctb of spap ncjt 
 to come, toitbtn one toljole peer efollotoing, fomecomtemrnt,iiift, ann reafouable reformation 
 be not performebtoito trje parties iniutico anD Damnifico generally aboue mentfoneD, in rcgarD of 
 tljeir Damages, molefiations, anD iniurics : then, toitbin tbree monctljs aftertbc faioe pecre bee 
 crpir co.tbc marcljants of tbe Hans cities aforcfaiD are bounti, toitbout an? molcftation , pertur* 
 bation, anD impeniment tobatfbeuer (ncneotberintimationojaDmonttionbcmgneteferiem 
 tljis bebalfe) to auopD£(anDtf no UtofuIlimpeDfmentiball tjinoer tbcm) to abfiatiie ann Depart 
 f rem tbe IS calmes ano Dominions of tlje fain gioueraigne King of Cnglann, tottlj tljeir marctjan* 
 DtfeanootbcrgooDsbougbto? gotten toitbin tbe fparc of tl}efaiDctb?cemonctbs ; mtDalfo tbe 
 €ngUTn nftetoifetn all refpects (ball auoioc, abuainc, ano Depart from the territories anD Dom;-= 
 nions of tbe Hans cities afojefaioc. 
 
 aifo it toas promileD bp tlje faicc William ann Iohn, tljat at tfje tetme appoint en , namelp bp= 
 ontbefirttof®apn.'rtfoHotoing,o?atfomeotbertcrineoj termestbcnumiteDor to beelimi' 
 ten , tljere mull be maDe a Due rccompenfe , anD a p?opo?tionall fatiffaction,for all tljote perfons 
 of tlje lanD of Pmfsia, Liuonia, ano of tbe cities, tountes, ano ortjer places of tlje Hans,toboljaue 
 Dnitdflp bene Djtotoneo , ano flaine bp tbe Cngli&j : ann ifjat arco?Ding to tbe tenour of a certain 
 fcbeouleton'ttcn concerning a recompenfe to be baD in regatDeoftbefaicepcrfonsDjoteneD ami 
 flaine, anD pjefenteo bnto tbembp Albertus Rode conful of tlje tiiie of rhorcn, anD bp tbe fore- 
 namen procurators anD meflcngers oft^e cities aforefain,tbep muff faitljfullp anD eff ctuallp, to 
 tljebtKtolJoftbeirabilitieinDetu)ur,fo?tbeobtaiiungoftbefaiDerccompenfe ano amenns. jn 
 toitneueu)bcreof(t!jcfelf iters of 3InDenturc remaining intbepoffefTionoftbe faioe William ana 
 Iohn tlje mcfTcngcrs, procurators, $ commtfTiomrs of <£nglann afo2e&iD,anD left intljeir cuffo* 
 Ste, bp tlje abOUC nameD procurators anD meuengers Henrie Rimarus, Thedericus, Simon, ami 
 Iohn Sotebotter,of tbeir ccrtaine Knotolengc ano affurance) ano for tlje full confirmation ano te* 
 ftimonie of al tlje p?emiues,tbe forefaio procurators anD mcficngers Ijaueput to tljeir feales.tSi* 
 ucnintbetounieofDoi-dradtbei5,DapofDccembcrintbcperecfourlor6i4oj > 
 
 William Efturmy ftnigbt, ano Iohn Kington canon of iincolnc (being in this bebalfe fnffici* 
 entlp atttborijeo ano Dcputeo as 9mbauaDours,pror ttrators,meirengcrs anD coimnim'oners, bp 
 our faiD foucraigne lorn tbe King,namelp in regarD of tlje mo!eSations,in ittrics ann Damages bn* 
 iufllpDoneanDcommitteaagiiintttljelicgepeopleanDftibiectesofi'lje forcfaiDc moff ercellent 
 PrtetS ana lo?D,LorD Henry bp tbe grace of ©od king of iEnglaitD 9 jfrance,anD lorn of 3rc* 
 lano, bp tbe comrnttnalticjesof trje cities of Wifmerano RoftokiwDertoritten,tbeir common cou« 
 fel being atfemblco for the fame purpafe,?; autborr?eD alfo, ano as toell clofelp as erpreflp main* 
 taineo ano ratificD,bp tlje toljole companle of tlje common Ikictp of tlje marcbants of the Dutclj 
 Hans)Doe, in tljis prefent Diet at tbe totone of Hage Ctuate in tbe cottntrep of Holland, being ap» 
 pointeD for tbe bevp fame occafion, DcmattnDofpou^pr^nndeAaftnigljt, ann Hermannus 
 Meyer Deputies for tbe cities of Wifmer ann Roftok, ann fufftcientlp oroetneD bpautljoritpre- 
 Cjuifite in tbis bebalfe, to be tbe procurators ann meflengers of tlje faiD cities , tbat comtenient, 
 iuft,ann reafonable fattft'action ano recompenfe map certainelp ano effcctuallp be nonebnto tbe 
 iniurien anD ennamagen parties,tobo areipecifien in tlje articles inner torittcn. 
 
 Imprimis, tbat about tbe feaft of Matter, in tbe peereof our lorn r 3 94, Henry van Pomeren, 
 Godekin Michael, Clays Sheld,HansHowfooce,PeterHawfbote, Clays Boniface, Rainbck, 
 
 ann manp otljers, toitb tbcmof Wifmerann of Roftok , being oftbe focictieof t^c Han«,tool5e, 
 bpmaine forccadjip of ji5etocafllebpsn^ine,calleD Godezerefailingbpontbe S>ea totoaros 
 Pru/sia,beingoftljeburtbenof ttooljunorcDtunnes, anD belonging bnto Roger deThorneron, 
 
 RobertGabiford,IohnPaulin, anD Thomas deChe{ler:tobicljUjip,tOgetber toitb tbe futnture 
 
 tbereofamountctljbnto tbebalueoffourebunnrenpomms : alfo tbetoooflcn cb3tlj,tljeren toine, 
 tbegoine, anntbefummesof monepcontainenincbefainfljip amounteebnto tljebalueof 200, 
 matKSof€ngli(bmoncp:moreouertljepi)mttttIpfletoIohn Patanfon ann Iohn Ruflellintbe 
 furpriftngoftljefijippe ann goons afo?efaine, ami tbere tbep imprifonen tlje fapne parties ta- 
 ken, ann, to tljeir totter bnooing , netapnen tbcm in prifon for tbe fpace of tb?ce toljole 
 peeres* 
 
 3tem,tfjat in tbepeere of our Lo?nc 1394. certafnepcr&nsofWirmcrannRoflok, toitb o> 
 tberis of tlje Hans t^eir confeoewtes robbeo one Richaid Horufe of Hull of Diners goons 
 
 ann 
 
 ^durante. 
 
 28n<l?iigtiR) 
 
 !l)ip of 200. 
 CUI1IIC0. 
 
 ©uB. 
 
Ill '— ■ • " - 
 
 Hen \?Pruf.Ambaf t Traffiques,<3c Difcoueries \ \6j 
 
 aim marc^anotjesinaajtpcaTretitljcShipperBerliheof PrulTia, beemg then Daluco at 160, 
 
 nobles. . . ij'jn-,' 
 
 3rtcm s ithatmthe pcerc ofourtftiDe I jp y, Haris yan Wethemonkule , Clays Scheld, Hu "- 
 Godekin Mighel, anD one calleD Sttotbeker, Op foice pfarmes,roiD tip the aflittanceof the 
 men of Wifmcr ano Roftok , ano others oft^e Hans , did bpon t|»e &ea neere bnto Norway, 
 toickeolp aira bniufilp take front lohn Tutteburie, fine pieces of toare,foure bunD?CD of toerke, 
 ano balfe a laft of ofmunoes , ano other 50000 , to tl;e balue of fo we bunbjeo fettentie fire no» 
 Isles. 
 
 3itcm, in tlje peere of our ILoiDe I ? pc>, one lohn van Derlowe, Hans van Gelder, HalL 
 
 anD otljet their complices of tlje H a nstollainGuflp anD bniufilp tooke a fbippc of William Ter- 
 ry of Hul calleD the (Jogge, totth thirtie teollcn b?oaD clotljes,anD a tbotifatiD nar roto clothes, to 
 tbebalucofaocpounDS. 
 
 3ltetn,inthepeereof OUT lojDe 1398. one IohnvanPerlowe, Wilmer, Hans van Gel- Hull, 
 der, Clays Scheld,Euerade Pilgrimfon, anD CtuerS Others Of the Hans , DiD bpon the i&ea 
 
 neere bnto Norway uiUainoufip anD bniufilp take aftjippeof lohn Wifedome of Hull calleD 
 tlje Ttinitie, toitb oiuers gooos ano marcbanDijes^ametp ople,toa]cc ,anD toerke, to tlje balue of 
 '3oo.pottnD.s, 
 
 3!tem,intbcpeeteofottr )U?o i39P.oneClaysScheId,anDotbersabotteto) / ittcnof Wifmer h««. 
 anD Ro(tok,toicb ccrtaine others oftfjc Hans,their confeoerates.toickeDlpano bniufilp took from 
 one William Pound marcbant of HulI,ttoo cakes of toare, to the balue of 1 8.pounDes,ottt of the 
 fijtp calleD tlje Ha wkin Derlin of Dantzik. 
 
 3tcm,in tlje peere of our Lo JO 1 3 P4»one Goddckin Mighel, Clays ScheId,Storbiker,anD Di= York * 
 
 iters others of Wifmer anD Roftok.anD of the Hans,tuickeDlp anD bniufilp tooke out of a (hip of 
 Ebing (the mafiertohercoftoas calleD Henry Puys) of the gooDSanomarchanDijcs of Henric 
 Wyman.Iohn Topcliffe,aUD Henry Lakenlwither of Yorke,namelp itttocrke,toare,ofmtlnDS, 
 anD botoflattcs.to tlje balue of 1 odo.noble s. 
 
 3Stem,m tljepcereof our toioe 1 3 04, certaine malefactor of Wifmer ano Roffok, toith 0= Y"* 6 - 
 rijersoftljcHanSjtheirconfeoerat^toickeDlp ano bniulflp took out of a fijipof Holland (the ma= 
 Iter tobeteof toas calleD Hinkcnfman)i 4o,tooollen clotljes(tlje pjice of one of the tobicb clothes 
 toaseight nobles) f com Thomas Thefter of Yorke^nD a cbett.toitfj armour, filucr ano goloe of 
 the fojefaiD Thomas, to tlje balue of p. pounos. 
 
 3item,inthepereofcurIoiD 1 393.cmatnemalefactoisofWifmeratiDRoflok,,mtD others Lo ^<w. 
 tljcir complices of tljeHans, toickeolp anD bniufilp tooke from one Richard Abel of London 
 tooolfcncloth,greene rioth,meaIe ano fiujes, to the balue of 1 33 .li.6,s t 
 
 ItEntjintljcpeereof OUr£,0?,Dei4oy.abOUt tlje featt Of S,Michael,one Nicholas Femeer of t°n*>". 
 
 Wifmer marchantof the Hans,toitb the afiittance ofotberhis complices of tlje Hans afojefaioe, 
 toickeolp anD bniufilp tooke from one Ric hard Morleycitijcn of London fiuelafis of herrings, 
 befibes 3 2»pounos,inthe feacalleo Northfound, 
 
 31tem,ihtljepe£reofourtojD i3p8,aboutt!)emone ( thof September, oneGodekin Wifle, coicbdio. 
 anD Gerard Sleyrcof Wifmer anD Roftok.toith others of the Hans, tljeir conftDerats toickeolp 
 ano bniufilp took out of a Grip of PruiTia(toljerof the matter toas nameo Rorebek)from lohn Se- 
 burgh marcljant of Colchefter ttoo packs of tooollen cIotb,to tlje balue of an 1 oo.markes : from 
 Stephan Flifpe, aittj lohn Plumermarcljants of the fame toimt ttoo packs oftooollen dot!j,to the 
 balue of <5o f pounds: from Robert Wight marcljant of the fame totone, ttoo pacta of tooollen 
 tlotlj to tlje Dalue of an 1 oo.marks:from William Munde marchant of the fame toten, ttoo far-- 
 Delsof tooollen clotij^uojtlj 40.U, f from lohn Dawc , ano Thomas Corn waile marcbants of 
 the fame totone,tbjee packs of tooollen cloth , toojtlj loo.marks. 9po jeoucr thep tooke ano im-- 
 p?ifoneo certaine «£ngliuj men,tobtch toere in the faio (hip, namelp William Fubborne feruanc 
 
 bnto IohnDiere, Thomas Merfh feruant bnto Robert Wight,tohith Thomas paiDfbjhiS ran* 
 
 fome 20. nobles of <£najli(rj moncp, William Munde marcljant of the totone afo?efaiDe , tohtel) 
 William,bp realbn of the ertremitp of that impjifonmcnt,lofttlje fight of his t^tg, ano Thomas 
 Cornwaik,marcljantoftljcfo?cfaiDe totone, toljicljThomasyaiDcfojljis raunfeme ttoentte 
 nobles. 
 3Item, in tljepcereof our Iojdc 1394. certaine malefactors of Wifmer anD Roflok, tip- Ycrmou.b. 
 
 ontlje coattesof Denmarke anD Norway, beneath Scav\e , SnD at Anold, tooke Thomas A- 
 dams anD lohn Walters marcijantS of Yermouth : anD Robert Caumbrigge anD Reginald Le- 
 man tnarchantS of Norwich , in a certaine ftjippc Of Elbing in Pruflia (toljcreofone Clays Nonviet"- 
 Goldefmithtoas mafier) toitlj Diuers tooollen clothes of tljcfaiDe Thomas, lohn, Robert, 
 anb Reginald, to the balue of one thoufanbe marks Cngliftj, ana carricb tlje perfons ann 
 
 gOODH 
 
 111 
 
id8 The Eriglifh Voyages, Hen.$..Truff.amba£. 
 
 Vermouth, 
 
 loiigfaunbin 
 
 Norway, 
 
 Yetmouth. 
 
 Vermouth. 
 
 SclaninNol. 
 
 way. 
 
 City. 
 
 City. 
 
 City. 
 
 City. 
 
 City. 
 
 City. 
 
 Wiutton, 
 
 
 gooos afojefaioe, atoap toitbtbem t ano the faio Thomas, iohn, Robert, ano Reginald tljep im? 
 pjifoncD at Courtbuctreflbw,ano there oetamco them, bntfll {bev paioe an httno jeo matkes to j 
 tljeirrcocmption. 
 
 3temitt ttjcpc?re.of our Lojoe 1401. fomc of the inbabitantsof Wifmer ano of Roflok 
 toickeolp tooke ac Longfouhdin Norway, a ccrtainc fbippe of Weft-Stowe in Zeland (the 
 Spatter toljereof toas one Gerard Dediflenjlaoentoith oiuetfe gooes ano marcbanoites of 
 Iohn Hughfon of Ycrmouth , namelp ttitb the rjioeB of orcn ano of ujeenctoith butter, mad*, 
 fparres /boojoes , quettingflones ano toiloetoerke, to the balue of an hunojc o marks,anooo as 
 pee eetainetljefatntbtnSB mt^etr pouctTion, fome of the Hans being their afltttantis in the p$e* 
 
 miffes. 
 
 31tem,intbepeereofourlLo?Be 1402* certaineoftheHans,ofRoitok,ano of Wifiner,too6e 
 Upon the coafl of «£nglano,neerebnto pimmoutb a certaine barge calico the Michael of Yar- 
 mouth (toljereof Hugh ap Fen toas the otoner,ano RobertRigweys the matter) laom toitlj bap 
 {ait,totbequanritteofi3o, toapes, ano toitha thottfanocamtalle clothes of Britaine, anoooe 
 as pet oetaine the fatoe gooos in their pouetfion , the faio Hugh being Htoamageo, b^ the lofle of 
 his fljip,ano of his gooes afo jefaio Soo.nobles ano the fojefaio Spatter ano the mariners looting, 
 inregaroofthctr toages,canttas,ano armour,2oo.nobles. 
 
 31tcm,in thepeereefouriojo 1 40 5.certaine malefactors of Wifmer tot'efceoip ano toniufllp 
 tooke,in a certaine pojt of Nor way calleo Sclaw, a fljip of Yarmouth (the ototur toljereof toast 
 William Oxney anotfaemafferThomasSmith)laocntoithfalt,cloth,ano faImon,to theoalueof 
 4o.pounB,anooocaspet oetaine the faio fljip ano poosintljeirpoffeBton,fomeofthe Hans their, 
 confeoerates apoing ano affitting them at the fame time. 
 
 3tem,inthepecreofOurlLo?0 1 3Py.oneGodekinMighel,Clays Scheld, Seertcbeker,anO 0= 
 thcr their accomplices of the Hans tooke bpenthefea a certain fbip of one IohnDulwerof Cley, 
 calleo the Friday (tutjcreof Laurence Tuk of Cley toas mailer) ano comtetgheB the faio fbipbnta 
 Maufttond in Norway, ano the faioe Spatter ano mariners tljep robbeo of oiuers commooities. 
 nauulp of artitterp>fumiture,ano faltfifbes being in the fame fbip,to the baltte of 500, nobles, 
 
 Sltcm^ttthepeereofourlLojD^P^GodekinMighel.ClaysScheld^tertcbeker.anOOtljeC 
 
 their accomplices of the Hans,onlatoful(p tooke upon tlje fea a certaine fljip of one William Bets 
 of Cley calico the Margaret (wherein Robert Robincs toas matter) ano conuepco the fbip it felf 
 Onto Mawftrond in Nocway.ano there robbeo tbc matter atio fcis partners of Oiuers commooi* 
 ties,namelp of artillerie, furniture,ano fait nfijes,to tbebalueof 4co,nobles,ano one of thefato 
 matters mates the? maliciouflpojotoiuo, 
 
 3tem,in the pcreof out tojo 1 ? 9 5 .about the featt of the natmitie of ©John 15aptttt,tbe fo?e« 
 nameo Godekin ano Scertebeker,toitlj otbers their accomplices of the Hans.bnlatofullp tookbp* 
 onthe fea a certain (hip of Nicholas Stcyhard ano Iohn Letis of Cley calleo theNicho]as,(tober* 
 of Iohn Preft toas matter) ano comtepeo the faiD fljip Onto Ma w ftrond.ano there robbto the faio 
 matter ano bis companie of oiuers commooities, namcip of furniture ano fait fiftjes,being in the 
 faiofbip.tothebalueof 32o,uobles. • 
 
 JitenMnthepeereofourlLojD i3Py.aboutthefeattafc?efaio,thefaioGodekins ano Sterte- 
 
 beker.tj their companions of the Hans oniufllp took bpon the fea a certainc fljt'p of Thomas Peirs 
 of Cley calleo the lfabcl(tohereof William Noic toas matter)ano contiepto it bnto Ma wfirond, 
 ano there robbeo the faio mafler ano his companp of oiuers ccmmoo:ttes,as namelp of furniture, 
 ano fait filhes.being in the faio (hip, to the balue of 4o6,nobles. 
 
 3Itcm,in tlje peere ncrt aboue mentioneo,bponthe S>ateroap,about the fojefaio ff att,t!je fo?e* 
 namcoGodckins ano Stertebekcr,anootl)crthetraccompliccsof the Hans onlattfullptoofeopo 
 the fea,accrtainfhip of one Thomas Lydcrpoleof Cley ,caHeDtljcHclena,toberein Robert Al- 
 wey mas maQer,tj alfo toickcoip ano untuftlp ojolr neo in tfcebottpm of the fea oiuers commo* 
 Oittcs,asnameIp fait fiujes, together tottb theffjipitfclfe. 
 
 3Item, in the pcereof our lojo ij98,about tljefeattof S. Michael the archangel, the fojcfaiB 
 Godekin tj Scertebeker,uUtb Other tljeir CoftOtratS of tlje Hans, took at Langfound in Norway 
 a certain Ctaper of one Thomas Mottc of Cley,calleO the Peter, (ttheretn Thomas Smith toa* 
 matter)? tlje fojefato craper trjep toickcolp ano oniuttlp carico atoap,bcing too j;h 2 So. nobles. 
 
 31tem,inthepeeceofourlLo?o.i395. aboutthefeattofthenstiuitieof %>. Iohn^aptiff, the 
 founameoGodekinsanoStertebcker,ano others of theHansbiriuftlptookeacertainttjipofSi- 
 mon Durham.calleo the Dogger-(hip,ano tlje Peter of Wiueton,laoen toith fait fiujes(tohcreof 
 Iohn Au(tcntoasmattrt)bpon the coattofDenmarke. anotfcepcarieoatoapthe&ioe Dogger, 
 toitlj tlje furniture thercof,ano the f o?efaio fait fiujes, to the balue of i yo.pouno.Spojeottcr, the 
 matter ano 2j,mariners in tlje fame ttjt'p tljep malictouHp fletoe,ano a certainc laooe of tlje fatoe 
 
 Dogges 
 
 
Hen^SPrufflambaj]] Traffiques,andDifcQueries, 169 ( 
 
 Dogger tbep caiiEOU)ittjn,ein onto Wilmcr. j ....::.,;: ;. . innS3c 
 
 31tcm,intljc fojefaio peere, ano about tbe fratt afoiefaio,t&e filenames G<x)ekinsano Seer- wiueton. 
 tebeker.toith other tljeir complices.ontuttlp toonc Upon the fea a certaine fljipof Thomas Lyder- 
 pole.ano IohnCoote of Wiucton: ano the matter ano mariners tobi.cb ttierein tlj? faioe fljippe, 
 tbcpbillanottflp fitt?,among tuljom tljep put to Death one Simon Andre w,the goofotmcnepbcfcu 
 ano feruant oftlje fojefaio Simon Durham, iKtHjicljfljtp.tottljtrjCflioonsianofurnrtntetljat mere 
 cl)creintuasiMojtlj4io-tioWcs, s'O.2] ,ia 
 
 3item 3 tntl)Ci)cr!)famepe£re,alioutt[)efealIafo?efatD,tbefojcnamciiGodekinsanD Scertebc- wiu«on. 
 ker tj other their complices uuckeolp fpofleo a certaine ttjip of tbe fojefato Simon Dur hamcajlco 
 the Dogger, to herein Geruafe Cat toasi matter, tying at an anher,tubile the companie mere oc- 
 tupieo about fi(bing,ano libetoife onittGlp toofcc atoap toitlj tljem the fait fittjes, ami furniture of 
 the fain fi)i».9po?coucr,tl)e matter ano bis companp tljat tucre in tbe fait) Dogger tbep beatc ano 
 toottnoeo, fo tijat tbep otterlp Iott tbeir fifljiitg tojtljat pcerc,tlje malier ano hts faio companie W 
 fag enoamageo tljerebp,totljefummeof joo,nobles. 
 
 3Itcm,in the pcreof our JLojo 1 396, the fojefaioGodekins ano Stcrtebeker, ano othertheir wiueton. 
 complices mttuttlptooftetipontbefta a certain craper.calleD tlje BuffofZeland.uibicbonelohii 
 Ligate marcijant.anoferitantunto the ftirnamcD Simon Durham Ijao laoenin Pruflia , on cfjc 
 behalfe of the faio Simon.to failcfoj England.ano fpoileo the faio crater,ano alfo tooke ano cat ieo 
 atoap tottlj than the gooos ano mardjanotfes of the faio Simon, being in the fojefaio fijtp, to tl»e 
 fialtte of 66",pounos, 
 
 3item,intf)epeereofourHojD i597.certatnemalEfaCto?sofWifineranDRoitok,u)ith cer= vviu«oa. 
 taiue others oftlje Hans,tooke acraper of one Peter Cole of Zeland,calleD the Buitfhip.tuhich A- 
 lan Barret the feruant ano facto? of the foiefaio Simon Durham hao laoentoitb mattes, fparres, 
 ano other marcljanotjcfo? tlje behalfe of the faio Simon,ano tmittttlp tooke from tljence tlje gooos 
 oftlje faio Simon,to the Oalue of i4,pounos,ano carieo tlje fame atoap. 
 
 /jtem,inthepeereBfottrlLojDi?94.certatnemalefacto?sofWifmeranootljers oftheHans Lentic « 
 umuttlp tooke upon tbe fea,anoxarieo atoag toithtbem a packe of tooollen clotlj of tbefbjefaio Si- 
 mon,tDojtb 42 t pounos,ottt of a certain craper of one Thomas Fowler of Lenne being laocn ano 
 
 hOUnO fo? Dantzik ill Pruflia. 
 
 3Jtem,pitifullp complaining tbe mareljants of Lenne Doe auouclj,bettfie,$ afftrme, tljat about LeDBe< 
 the featt of S.George the martp?,intljepeereof our lLo?o 1 3 94. funofp malefactojs ano robbers 
 of Wifmer $ Roftok,ano otljecs of tlje Hans,mitb a great multitttoe of fhips,arrtueo at tbe totone 
 of Norbern in Norway,ano tooke thefafa toton bp ttrong aflault,ano alfo toickeolp ano ontufllp 
 toon al tlje marcbants of Lenne there retioing toitlj tljeir gooos $ cattels, ano burnt tljeir Ijottfes 
 auo mauCtons in tlje fame place , ano put tbeir perfons Onto great ranfoms:etten as bp tbe letters! 
 of fafeconouctceliucreobmo tbe faio marcbants it map mojecuioc ntlp appeare.to the great Da- 
 mage ano impotteriftmtcnt of the marcbants of Lenne : namclp,3!np?tmis tbep burnt there 21* 2 r,poiir«or 
 hottfes belonging Onto the faio marcbants,to tlje Oajucof 44o,nobles,3ltcm,tbep tooke from Ed- «us«fl> mar* 
 mund Bely etere, Thomas Hunt, Iohn Brandon.anO from Ot[jer marcbants of Lenne,tO tbe OS- « Nofbemm 
 
 Itte0fl8l5,p0Un0|S f » . * Norway. 
 
 Concerning this furprifc Mhertm J^rant^ius in the fixt book of his 
 hiftory of 7^orrvay,znd the 8. Chapter writeth in mancr following. 
 
 Iffi tlje mesne nihile Norway eniopeo peaceonocctbcgouernmentofatooman: bntil Albertdi* 
 Wng of Suecia,toho hao noto fettenpeeres ronttntieo in captiuitp onoer Ciueen Margaret,nias 
 tobefetatIibe«p,3Ithicl),iobentl)ecommonfouloiersofRoftoktit Wifmer, calleo tbe Vitalians ■SDevitaiiaw. 
 perceitieo,(tobo,lobil?tt tljeir king tons Ijoloen captiue,in tlje right oftlje fojenameo cities>fo? the 
 beljalfe of tbeir Iojd tbe king being p?ince of Mekleburg bp birth.bnoertooke ano niageo niarre 
 al the time of bis capttuttieyoanotng tljeir forces together,tljep relblueD,at tbeir oton colls $ crjar- 
 ges,but in the right oftlje fcio tities,to faile into tlje j ,kingOoms,ano to take fuel) fpoiles as tljep 
 coulolap Ijolo on.^Cbefe common fouloiers tberfoie,feetng an eno of tbeir tpiannical ano uiolenc 
 Dealing to app?och, failco into Norway ,v>nto tbe totone of Norbem,being a mart toton fo? al tlje 
 marcbants of Germanie : toljo tranfpo^tingfiujes from tljence,ooe biing tljitber marcbanoifes of 
 all kinos.efpeciallp coine.onto tlje fcarcitie toljerof, onleffe it be brought out of other countrcps, 
 tljat kingoome (as toe haue faio) is oerp much fubictt,Departing out of tbeir (hips ano goin g on 
 ujo?e,tbepfet upon tbctotone, auo bp fire ano ftoojo tbep eafilp compelleo tlje inhabitants oniel^ 
 Iittginlueaketo0ODenl)oufcs,togiueplace. 'gtljus tbefe Vitalians entring ano fttrp?ifing tbe 
 totone comtepeo fucb tootles unto tljeir fijips as tljempleafeo^no hauing laoen their fijips uittlj 
 tbofe bootiesjtljcp retunieo home frolike onto tlje pojts of tljeir oton citics.&auljout all refpect, 
 
 ]p tbep 
 
l«mc, 
 
 Lenne. 
 
 Icons, 
 
 irnia 
 
 lean*, 
 
 tret tretifoiip 
 •fSJltHaiu, 
 
 170 The Engliiri Voyages, Hen 4.. Truff.ambajf. 
 
 tljcp robbeo ano riflco tbe gooos,aCtt)el of tijc Gcrmancs, as of tlje Nomagians : ano like lebjoe 
 cotnpanions, uiatting ano matting battocftof all tbings,p2ooueo tbemfelues netter iljc toealtbier, 
 f o> it is not tbe guife of fucb gooo f ellotoea to Co?c bp oi to pjcfierue oughts be citizens, at tbe 
 firtt, feemeo to be inricbeo : botobeit afrertoaro, (no man mifooubtiug anp fucb calamitie) gooDS 
 ill gotten mere too jfelpent.. ©jus farce Krantzms. 
 
 3tem,picifullp complaining, tbe fojefaioe marebants 8ttottcb,berifie, ano affirme.tbat bpott 
 trjc i4,oap after tbe feaflof S.George.in rtjepeere of our Lojo nert aboue toittten, as4.fijip8of 
 Lcnncjlatienujitbclotb.toine.atto otbermarcbanDifes,to)ere failing bpombc maiue fca, toitb 
 alltbegooos ano wares conteineo intbcm,foj Pruflia, funojp malefactors of Wifmcr ano Ro- 
 ftok,mit!j otbers of tbe Hans, being in bitters ujtps,came bpontbem, aim bp fojcc of armcs ano 
 ttrong b ano coofee tbe faio fljip s,tottb tbe gooos ano marcbanoifes containeo in t be in : ano fome 
 of tbe people lubirijtoere in tljefatoefoure ujips,tbepfleli),fomc tbep fpopleo,ano otljcrstljep 
 put bnto ertreame ranfomes.2too rarpmg atoap iuitlj tbem thofe foure ftjips toicb tbe commoDr* 
 ties ano matcbanoife tberin.tljep patteo Hakes tbcrvuit^as tbem lifico,to tbe great impcttcrifl> 
 mmtjloffe of tbe faio marebants of Lenne.namclp in clorij of William Silefden, Tho. Water- 
 
 den.Ioh, Brandon,Ioh,Wcfcnha, J Ot^et matC^antS Of Lenne,tO tlje baluc Of 5 62 3 ,li» j.S, 1 1 .0. 
 
 3Ittm,pitifttllpcomplainingtbefo?efaiomartbantsDocaffirme,tbatotieHenryLamboltano 
 otbec bisaoljerentSjintbcpeereof our loroigjxJ.tookebpontljcmaitic fea betuxene Nor- 
 way ano Scaw,one craper laoen tuittj ofmunos,ano boitlj ciuers ot^er marcbatioifcs, perteining 
 bnto Iohn Brandon of Lenne.to tberummeanobaUteDf4434i.4.s.2.o. S0o?eouer,tljeptooke 
 fcom Iohn Lakingay 4,latts ano an balfe of ofmttnos, to tbe balue of 2 2o.lib. 1 o,s t 
 
 3tem,tbe foiefaio marebants complatne.tljac rertammalcfactojs of Wifmer,boitb otber tbeir 
 complices oftbeHanSjintljepeere of out Lom 1 396, toofee from Thomas Plokec of Lenne,out 
 ofacertatneBjipfailingbpouibemainefeatotoatosSconcland (toljereof lames Snycop taas 
 mafler)cIotb ano otijer marcbanoife.to tbe fumine ano balue of 1 3 .lib. 1 3 ,5.4.0, 
 
 3ltem,tlje aboue-nameo marebants complatnefaping, that certaine malefactors of Wifmer, 
 mitij otbers of tbe Hans Cocietp.tn tbe pete of eur to jo 1 3 97.ttickeolp ano bniuttlp took out of a 
 certaineujipofDantzik(toljeceof Laurence van Ruffe luas matter) from Ralph Bedingam of 
 Lenne, oncfarortof clott) tooirtj 5 1M.7.9.6JL SUfo/oj tbe ranfomeofbis feruant, 8.ii,6",s,8 t o t 
 3item,tbep tooke from Thomas Earle oiucrsgooos,to tbe balue of 34.pounos. 
 
 3ltem,tbefojefaio marebants coinplaine,tljat certaine malefactors of Wifmer gtRoftok,toit& 
 otbers of tlje Hans, in rtjepeere of our Loio 1 399. tmckeolp 9 bniuttlp toofce one craper pertap- 
 ning onto Iohn Lakinglich of Lenne^aotnlnitb oiuers gooos ano marcbanoifc pertaining bnto 
 funojp marebants of Lenne, namelp from tbe fojenameo Iohn one faml of clotb , ano one cbett 
 fullof bameis,ano otbertbinge,to tljebalue of 9o.liu.3tcm,tbep took out of tbe fojefaio Chip from 
 Roger Hood,one faroel of dotb, ano one cbeft toitb oiuers gooos,to tbe balue of 5 8 . lib. 3!tem, 
 from Iohn Pikeron, one faroell of clotb,ano one cbett toitljoiuerB gooos,to tbe balue of 44o,lib. 
 3tem,from Andrew Purfcroncfaroellof clod), ano one ctiettnntb oiuers commooitiep tljcrein, 
 to tbe balue of ten pottnos . 
 
 3tem Jbe abotte-nameo marefeants complaine Taping, tljat certaine malefactois of Wifmer f 
 Roftok.anD otbers Of tbe Hans,namelp,Godekin Mighel,Henrie van Hall dc Stcrtebeker, toitjj 
 otijer of tbeir confeoecates,tn tbe peere of out lorn 1 j 99,toickeolp ano bniufllp took from Iohn 
 Priour of Lenne,ottt of ttje fbip of Michael van Burgh,namelp 1 oo.netts of mafers, tBO?rf) 1 oo, 
 Iib,i3.s.4,o.3;tem,30.futresriggesof Kalcber tooo^tb 13.S.4.0. apiece, tbefummetotall a-- 
 mounting to 2o.li.item,2o.futrestoombps of Kalebre too^b ? c.31tem,one girDle of filuer,ano 
 oneoagger aoojneotoitb Cluertooitb 30.0. 31tem,tboo coates, ano one long iacket, ano otbec 
 gooos,to tbe balue of 3 o > s,3tem,bepatoefoj bis ranfome4.lib.i 3.S.4.O. 
 
 antoallanottnplartbe articlesaboue-bo}itten,tbcambauaooisof England afoicTaiooofur« 
 tljer aDoe,tbat tbe ooers ano autbo js of tbe oamages.imuries.ano robbettes fet oobon in tbe arti* 
 cles aboue \n?itten,(of tobom fbtne are namco in particular,ano otbers in gentral)perfoimeo ano 
 committee all tbofe outrages.being bireo tbereunto at tlje erpenfes ano rbarges of tbe common 
 focteties of tbe cities afojefaio. 3no tbat tbe inljabitattts of cuerp bouftjolo in tbe fo?efatoe cities 
 (eciimanaccomngtobis abilitp)toittinglp ftpurpofelpfct fooitbone, ttoo.ojmojemen.fojibe 
 bcrp Came erpeoition, tobtrcin all ano lingular tbe fojefaio trefpaffes toete committ eo, 
 
 ^be fo?efaio €nglift) ambaflacojsooe crbibite tljearticlcs aboue- tojtttrnbnto tbe pjotura* 
 to?s of tbe cities of Wifmer ano Roftok afojefaio : leauc ano libertic being albjapes refrnteo bit. 
 to tbe faio ambaflaoojs.to enlarge,oj to oiminiuj.oj to erpouno all,o j ctterp,o? anp of tlje faio ar- 
 ticles UJljatfflcuer,fo often as it fljall feeme erpeoienc bnto tbem, 
 
 Thefc 
 
 . 
 
Hen ^.Trujfambajf. Tralfiques,andDifcouenes. 171 
 
 Thefe be the grieuances and offences, whereat the mar chants 
 of theHrf»/of^//»rf/>z£',cominingvnto,andrefidingintheRealme of 
 England, doe finde themfelues aggrieued,conti aiie to the Articles and 
 priuileges of the Charter graunttd vnto them by the worthy Progeni- 
 tors of the king ofEngUndthatnmvis ) andalfobjthefa.ide 
 finer aigne Lord the King,ratified } a»dconfirmed. 
 
 Mprimis.tobereasthefojefaiDemarcljdntsljaue a p?ut:'Icgc grattweo bit* 
 to them lip Cljnrtcr, that tbep map, in cities, boiougljs, aim in other totons 
 ann UtHagest^otrgljcuttljetoljolcrcalmeof England, ercrcifctraflique in 
 groffc , as tocl ttitrj rhe natural inhabitants of the feingoame, as tuttlj lrran« 
 \ gers,anDp?iuatcperfon3:ofla;e,tb3fe that are free Denizens in the cities, 
 boroughs, mm billages luidjin thefo?efa!B kmgoomcDo hinDer ami reftrain 
 nil otrjerstftat be ffrangers ,fo?cm rs,ano aliens, that tljep neither can, no? 
 Darebup anu fd toitb the marchants oftljc Hans afojcDiia^to their great hinocrante anb Ioffc, 
 
 3itcm, tIjefojcfatcmarcbantsbvbeitneoftljcircbaiterluerclBonttoljaueanato&olDSinncs 
 anu manfions,fo? the repoGng of themfelues anu of tfeetr gooDS 3 bJberefoctter theppicafeo in anp 
 ctties,l)o?ougljs,oHiiIlages, throughout theMjoIckingDomerijolabcit of late the fojefaioe mar' 
 chants arc not fuffercD to take »p tbeir manfions.rontrarp to tlje ccttour of their charter. 
 
 3itcm,tlje fo?efaiD marchants are pjtiuilcgeD not to bnBcrgee anp other burthens o? impofiti- 
 ons,kut onelp to pap certaine rttttomS , as'it Doeth bp tljeir charter manifcSlp appeare. jSoturith-- 
 fianoing at f fame time luljen Simon de Moreden Urns mato ? of lonoon.the fojefain marchants 
 mere couHraineD.tn tlje voaro of Doue- gate at Lonoon,to pap nTtecnthB,ta$Iages,anD otljcr fub<= 
 fioics comrarp to the liberties of their charter. Sltbercupon the faiDe marchants piofecurco the 
 matter before tlje Councel of our foueraignlcjB tlje king,infomttch tljat tljep lucre releaftiD from 
 paptngaftcrtoaroanpfucbtallages^ftccnthBjanofubCtDies.aObichtnarchanrSjatohilcttficr.of 
 trjeic otmte acco?D aim free toilf ,gatte bnto tlje gilo-hall of ionoon an IjunDjtctb markes Itcrling, 
 conBtttanallp,tljat tbep of the citie afo?cfaioe ffjoulD rot at anp time after eract 0} tjemaimo of tlje 
 faio marchants.oi of their rucceffojs.anptaHages.fiftecntbSjOj fubOoieS.contrarp to tlje tt no? of 
 their charter ,as bv recoms in tlje fo jefaio gilo-hslUt do th mo je plaialp appearc.ipotobeit of late 
 trje officers of our lap the feing,in the fojefatD iuatD of Doue-gate, conffraincD the marchants a* 
 tojefaio tc pap taKage&ftfceenths,? other fub(tDies,3nB becaufe tbcfaioe marchants murnuireD 
 anu refufco to pap anp fitch contrtbutions,alleaging their pjiuileges, the Ebjefaio officers arre- 
 tteo the goons of thoff faio marchant3(h!hich are as pet octaineD bpontbe at: elrJnotioutbiranDins 
 tljat thep uiere relcafto befoie t^c councel of our loucraigne Io?D tlje ting, ^ aifes that tljcp gaue 
 into the faio gilo • ball one bunDjctlj marks to be releafeB.as it ts afo jefaiB. 9no alfc the fo?efato 
 marchants. lucre conCfraincD to pap 1 2,B,inthepounu,anBof late <5,o,anp other fubfiDies, rcoje 
 then their ancient ctiflomcs,to the great Damage of thofe marchants. 
 
 3item,the fojefato marchants are pjiutlcgcB as touching cuSams of tools bp the bought toithin sr&e mam 
 the realm of England,)} thep ate not bouno to pap.ouer 9 beGocs their ancient cuOoms, but onelp mo™. CB 
 jrf.D.mo^etljett tlje Ijomebom marchants of England tuete toont topap-^ut noui $ to jefaio mar» 
 chants are compelleD to pap fo? euerp fack of toool(beGoes § ancient cuflom $ the 4o,o.afo?efata) 
 a certain tmpofuiocalleD Pence for the tovvnofGales.namelpfojeuerpfacfeofniooIip.D.moje i?mufwte 
 tijenthemarchantsofEnglandDoepap.rothcirgreatlofTcjagatntttljelibcrtpoftheir charter. tolunccfCa! "» 
 
 3lcem, tlje fojefaiD marchants arepuuilegeD bp their charter.that concerning tlje quantitp of 
 their marc!janpi?e b?oug,ht-into the realme of England (in regaro tobereof tljep arc botmo to pap 
 5 ,D.fa? tlje too?th of euerp pounD of Glaer) creoit is to be giuen unto them fo j tlje letters of their 
 mailers sm of their companies ,tf the? toere able to fljett) them. 2no if fo be tljep IjaD no letters 
 in this bebalfe to ftj£to,t!jat then creflite fijoulo bee giuenbnto tljemfclues, anu that their otbe, o j 
 the othe of their, attttrncp ftjoulD be taKen,\nithout anp other p?oof, as touching the balue of theic 
 marchansi?e fa bought in,f that thereupon tljep ftjoulo be bouno to pap cutfoms,namelp the cu* 
 Someacf ;.D4tttllpfoj tljatcaufe to be paiD.TSut noire tlje cuftomersof outfbucraigne lojoe the 
 Wng put their gooos to an higher rate then tljep ought 0? toere tooont to be : ano heetcuyon thep 
 compel! them to pap cuttomefo? their gooos, at their plcafure,fcanntng about their fratghtann 
 et^enfes particularly ftfburfeD in regaro of tlje faio gooDs ano marcljanoijc, to the great oinDC* 
 ranee of tlje faiomirch-ints.anD againfl tlje teno? of their cljarter. 
 
 gitemjthefo^efaiDmarchantsbpVDapofpitifulcomplaintDoaneagejthattoiiewasiljetoojtbp ^ r c c r r ea ^ 
 p?ogenito?S of our lo jo the king that nam is,bp berttte of tlje faiDe great cbarte r, graunt m lib ex* n;rtuDant«!„ 
 tie unto them to pap tlje cuilantesi of certain clotbes.namelp of f kavlct, a«D tlotlj wco in grapne, 
 
 ]p 2 ana 
 
1 7* 
 
 ■ 1 ■ ,■■ ■ . r ...... 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Hen.^. < PruJf.aml?aff. 
 
 34 fpecwll 
 Clutter, 
 
 lllftSOfttJC 
 pttp CHIlOIIlC. 
 
 MOJ 
 
 ano ofotljer clothes of affifejtohiclj toere lip tbem to be cartep out of the realme of England.euc? 
 as bp their fo?f faio Charter it noctlj mo?e plainlp appeare: ano tobcrcas our feueraicne lo?o the 
 King; ttjat notb is (ratifying ano confirming the faioe charter, ano being toilling that tlje p Qjotrtoe 
 haue mo?e efpeciall fauout ttjctoeo Unto them) granteo bnto them bp their Charter, that tlje faitt 
 marcbants fljoulo be erempteo ano freeo from all cuttome ano impofttion of fmaH clothes, as in 
 pieces ano in narrobo clothes b)bich boere not of atttfe , ano in fuel) other cloches of like qualitic: 
 petof late the <!Euttomersof our Lo?oe tlje fcingthatnotoeis, not allotting tljeir faioe fpeciaH 
 Charter fo grauntco bnto the merchants afo?efaio,Do compel them to pap to? ttraight clothes anti 
 fo? pieces of clothes buhich are not of afu(e,(togethcr toith other oemanos particular!? j fcueral* 
 lpm;ioe)as gre.it cuttome as if theclothes ioete ftrllout of aiTife t 9[9o?eouer alfo of late, tlje cutto> 
 mers of tlje fmal 0? petp cuttome gtoftfje fubttoie troe ocmano of them cuttome fo? kerfep-clothejj 
 equal bnto the cuttome of thofe clothes,tljat be of ful atttfe, tohereas tlje fo?efaio mar chants teere 
 not baont to pap fo?tbofe kerfeps bp bertue of their <Ojarter,but onelp acco?oingto tlje too?th of 
 eclj pountj of filuer,as namelp fo? other goons tobich are of goloe toeight : to the great bmnerance 
 of tlje fojcfaio parties,ano againtt tlje manifefl graunt of our foueraigne £0?o the iking, as it ay* 
 pcaretbintbefmofpeciallChartcr, 
 
 Jtem, the fain marcljants alleage,thattljeparep?iuilebgebbptheir(!tharter, if thep pap cu* 
 Come ano fubfiop fo? tljeir gooDS in tlje behalfc of our lo?o tlje king,at anp po?t of England inhere 
 tljofe gooos haw arriueo,ano afterloaro bioulo tranfpo?t tlje faioe gooos 0? anp part of them bn» 
 to anp other pojt urithm the realme afo?efaio:that then thep fljoulo be quite releafeo frcm paping 
 of anp other cuttome fo? tlje fame goons, if thep b?tag a Warrant that thep haue paioe tlje faioe tup 
 ttome J asisafo?eraioe.C)flateitfo?tuneti,thatacertainemanoftljetr fbciette nameo Nicholas 
 Croflcliaiiejbeingamarcljant eftbelanoe of Pruflia, immeoiatlp after the conco?o teas conc!tt= 
 Deo bcttoenc the iJEngliib ano the ipmffians, b?ottgljt bnto tlje totone of Sand wich a fbippe laoett 
 iuith bott-Caues ano other marcbanoi^e, ano tljere luell auo trticlp paioe the cuttcmc of ottr lo?u 
 tlje king.fo? all his boarestano felling therepart of the fame gooos,be eftcrbjaro trantpo?teopar. 
 eel thereof in a fmallbarke bnto London.tbere to be foloe , ano carieo a toarrant alfo toith him, 
 that be has tt Sandwich paio the cuttome one bnto our Jo?o the king: 9 pet (tlje faio toarraut not* 
 bjithflancing) tlje cuttomer'S of the petp cuttome 9 fubtiDp of London came $ oemanoeo cuttome 
 of him at anotljer time cotrarp to reafon,^ againtt tlje tcno? of tljeir charter .-ano tlje faio Nic holas 
 off ret) pleoges bnto tbem,pea,euen reaop monep ootonc into their banos, bntil t he que' icn tecrc 
 DifcmTeo anDDetermineOjtohetherhettjottlo pap neto cuttome o?no: buttbiatfjep toculonctooe. 
 Hhett the feto Nicholas bjougljt a b?ief frqm our lo?o tlje king.to get binifelfe oifchargeo frcm 
 paping the faio cuttome:ano fo? all tljatjtlje fo?efatD cuttomers tooulo no t as pet haue rcgaro bnto 
 him.bttt kept the faio gooos tottljinlljipboo^O.bpo the riuer of Thames.fq? the fpace of 1 y, napes, 
 bnttl he hao paio anotljer tuttom t to the great lofte of the faio Nicholas, fo? that loljich he folo firtt 
 at Sand wich to be oelittereo at London fo? ft uen nobIes,be coulo not aftettoaro haue fo? it aboue 
 foure nobles, ano pet fo boas it foloe, bp reafonof tbeharmetobicbhis toaresljao taken bplp-= 
 ing fo long bpon the toater 3 contrarp to tlje teno? of tljeir Charter. 
 
 3Ite, the faio merchants ooalleagctljat another of their companp calleo Peter Hertfon bought 
 at Briftow certain clothes,? laoeo the fame in a ftjrp,to betranfpo?teo fo?Pruflia,fo?tlje toljicbhe 
 truelp paioe at Bnftow.the cuttoms^fubGoies one bnto our foueraiplo?o the king rbuljich fljiji 
 lnttlj tlje fo?efaio gooos atriuingat London.-the cuttomers of tlje petp-culfome anoof the fubfioie 
 tljere loottlo not permit the faio (hip tottb tlje gooos to patte bnto the parts afoie r aio ,bnti I tlje faio 
 Peter Ijao paio anotljer cuttome fo? the fame gooos (tlje toarrant,tohich he b?ougbt toith him not= 
 toithflanoing) to Ijts great binoerance.ano contrarp to the tenour of tljeir Charter. 
 
 3!tc\picifullp complaining the fojefaio marcljants alleage,tljat tohf ras euerp matrljant, b?tng< 
 ing biares into tlje realm^toas biont to haue a fcheoule therein his name teas ijj?ttten,fo?« fpect* 
 ftcat ton $ certificat of tlje quautit p of his gooos in the faio fcheoule to be fottno at tlje arrtual of the 
 fijip.toitljout paping tljerfo?e ought at all.of late the cuttomers of tlje petp cuttome no compel tlje 
 to papfo? ech mans name to?itten a penp,at p arriual of their gooosout of euerp ftjip toherin rtje 
 faio gooos are fbttno.toljatcommooities ? marcljanoi?efoeuerthep be:tohtnasnottottljttanoiiig, 
 if tljere be a cljett 0? anp other fmal matter, there ujoulo not therfo?e be anp cuttome cue bnto out 
 Io?o tlje king,no? anp receiueo bnto his i^aiettiesbfe.31nlikemaner do the cuttomers of tlje fub« 
 Hop oeale.SLtljeras alfo the fo?efaio mar chants tacre not tsont to pap fo? a cocket fo? the conttep* 
 an.ee 9 trantpojtation of their goob t out of the realme(albett manp names niere tojitten therein) 
 mojMhen 4,o.oflate the cuttomers of tlje petp cuttom do compel them to pap to? euerp name con« 
 f aineo in the fame cocket.^o.ano in like fo?t Do the cuttomers of the faioe fubfiop oetile. SHIjtc^ 
 contribution in a pere ertenoeth it felf bnto a great ftimme,to the bnknoton p?eiuotce of our to jo 
 
 tlje 
 
 mrrsoftljc 
 fuliGOie. 
 
 
Hm& r c Prujf.ambaff. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 17$ 
 
 tbeRtng,moje iljcnanpiuancoula fuppofe,(toj tij'e cuitomerb entcp itjeir itcs auo roinmooittes 
 fcomljis3@atcftict^ul)cpmavDoeljimfaitl)fu[Jfermce)aiiDlih«toifeta tljc great Damage of 
 tljc faic marcljsntg* 
 
 " 3te,pitiftttfp complain tig tbe faio marcbants oa albage t^at tljep are conHcaf neo to pap foj 
 {ubttDp,fometime 1 z.o.ano fomtime 6.o,in tlje pounDj contrary to tlje teno? of tljs tc cfjarter : ano 
 pet nottottbftanoingtoljen tljeir marcbatioke commetlj co ctje toljarf,tlje cttffomers p jolong ? oe= 
 lap tlje time 3 .0 j 4>toceks before tbep toil take cttttomc fo? ujeir 50000, in the tobicljfpace otber 
 marcbants fcl tljeir gooos.tlje cuftomers not regaroingtoljecber tlje goons afojefato rafee toet 0? 
 m>;tot!jC great Damage aftoclofourlojo tlje ktng,asoftbe faio marcbants : brcaufc, if tljep Ijao 
 rutickeot.(patclj,tljepmigbtpap cufomebntobisiii<Jaifffteofmertljftttbcp Doe» 
 
 33tem,t^efaiotnarcIjantsr)oefartiieraUeage,tljattljecuacmeriSoft^epette cttSome, ano of 
 tlje fubftDic in tljepojt of L ondon Ijaue appointe o amongtijcmfeUtes cectaine men to feale Up tlje 
 gooos of tije faioe marcl)ants,fo foon as tljep are arrutco at the po?t ot fafctte,ontU tlje faio gooos 
 be cuffomeo ♦ H5p mcnnesof eljctoljtelj fealtng.tlje fojefaioe parties ooecompell tlje marcbants: 
 abottc-namco, (Upon a* bfcairocuttoim toljereaftljcmleluesljaue bene the autljojs) to pape a 
 ccrtainc fttmtroof moncp,to tlje great bsnoerance of tbe fapoemarrijants, ano coutrarie to itt- 
 flicc ano to tljeir cbarter.Sgajfotter, tlje faioecuScmaioljaueojDaineo bettoeeiierbemfdues,tijac 
 tbe faioe niarcljnnts fijall put o j make up no clotljinto faroels , to tranfpo }t out of tljc realme,bn* 
 letfc ccrtainc m n apy ointco bp tljem fo? the fame purpofe bee tljere p jefent , to fre tobac ma- 
 tter of clothes tijepbec^noerpaiuc of tbc fojfeiture of ttjc fame gooos. 9lfo of late , toljcntbe 
 fapoe marchants toottlo Ijatte mace op fttclj faroels,the fo?cfapce p'arties afiigncD to be ottetfeers 
 rehtfeo to come , bnlf ffc tljep migljt Ijaue fojt tljeir comrmng tome certatne fttmme of moncp, De- 
 laying ano p?ocrattinating from Dap to Dap, folong astljemlclaesliiIeo,tot&cgrrat loffe ano 
 bnootng of tbefb/tcfaioe marrijants, anD contraric to tbcic liberties : becaufetlje fojefaioe cuQa» 
 mer0 are bounobp tljeir office to ooe this, toitbout anp contribution therefore to bcepaioebnto 
 tljembp tbe faioe maKljantStfo? tljat tbep ooe entop from our fotteraignelojte tbe King tljetc 
 fee0 ano commooittes , to the enne tljat tljep map feme bint ano cuerp marcbant iuttlp ano 
 faitljfullp !• toitbout anp contribution bp themtobe impofeo atietoc bpon t\t fapoe matc&ants, of 
 cuacme. 
 
 3item,tfje fain mardjants Doe alleage.tfjat tfje cttftomerg ? baiufs of the toton of Southhamp- 
 ton oa compel tljcmto papfoj: euerpIaffofberrtngs,pitcb,? fopeaujesbjoaghttbitljer bp tbe 2.0* 
 mo jc tljen t^e Wug0 cttiiome: mtD fo? ecij bunojetb of boujffaueo $ boo^os calleoWaghenfcor,2. 
 o,fo? etterp Ijunojetlj of boops calleo Ric holr,4.o,f foj alotljer marc&anoi?e b jottght bp tlje foje* 
 faio mardjants onto tbe fame totonc : tohidj contributions tbep aeuer pato at anp time beercto* 
 fo^c,being greatlp to tljeir ljmoerflttcc,ano contrarp to tbe tenour of tbeir Cfcartc r, 
 
 3ltem, tbe fojefaiD marcbants do al!eagc,tljat one ofttjeir companp, calleo Albert Redewiih 
 of PrulTiajb^inging oitters gooosge marcljanoi^cs bnto Newcaftic bponTine, 5 tljere paping tlje 
 bfttal cuSom of 3 .n.in tlje pounD fo? al Ijis toares^tbe bailtfs of tlje faioe totonejagaintt alf reafon, 
 ecartco 7.pount> fferltug at bis banns mo?e tben tbe cutf oinettobereupon tlje foiefaioe tnarcbant 
 got a bn'efc from tlje hinge maiettp,fo? tbe recottcrv of tlje faio -/.li.accojoingto eqttitpj reafon; 
 botobeit, tljat at tlje comming of tlje fato bjiefe tlje fojefato bailifes tooulo do notljing on W be 
 ljalfe,but BJouloljauellaine tljeir fojetato auociate,contrarpto tljeir charter ano pnmleoges* 
 
 William EfturmyRnigljt^IohnKingtoncanonofLincolnCjbetngbp^moQmigljtppjmce 9 
 lO^O, t.Henty bp ©ODS grace iK.of England ^France gf lojD Of Ir€land,fuffiCi'entlp OeputeD ailB 
 
 appointee to parlc,treate,<?agree t6 tlje common foctetp of $ marcbants of tbeHans of Dutchland 
 0? Almain,concerning 9 about tbe rec jeffing $ reformation of bniuff attepts Ijappentng bettocen 
 our faio foucraign L.tlje King Ijis liege people 9 fnbiecta on tbe one part,? bettor en tlje ronton b> 
 ctetpafo^faio^ljecities^otons^particularperfonstberofontljeotljerpartiDoCfo^tljebebalfof 
 eur faio fouraign I .tlje Rtng,toitb a mino 9 intention to Ijaue ai $ Ongular p tljings onuertonttcn 
 toccmetotbeRnotolcogeoftbefaiocommcnlbcietpJintimatctscclare^mabefenotonbntopou 
 
 (bono.QrsJHenr.Wefthoft'citt^engtDeputpoftljecttpofLubec.HenryFredelaWjloh.vanBerk 
 Citizen of Colen.Mainaid Buxcehude citi?en,»6eputp of tlje titp of Hamburgh.S^Simo Claw- 
 flen clerk.fir Iohn de Aaknig'rjtDCptttieof tlje Citie of Roftok.Hcrman Meyer oeptttp oftbecitt* 
 of Wiimar,being,as tlje pjocurato?s.meffrngers,«commifrtoners of tbefbjefaio cttics.atTcmbleo 
 together at tlje tottin of Hage in Holland.toitlj § fojxnameo Will,? Iohn in regaro of tbe fojefato 
 reojes ?reto?matton:tljat,euen as ourfaia foueraign I.tlje king Ijismeaning is ttot to Dtfturb oj 
 binoer fudj pjiuileoges as Ijaue bin ljeretofo?e granteo ?iiourijfafeo onto tlje comon focietp of tlje 
 marcIjatsafo^efaio^ptbercnoumeokingsofEngland.ftljebJoicbppjogenitcjsofouri.tbeiS, 
 that noto is,? bp tiimfelf alfo bnoer n certain fojm confirmeoteuen (b Ije ig Detcrmtnco(toitbout f 
 
 IP 3 pjciuoice 
 
1 74. , The Englifti Voyages, Ben,\. Twff.amhaff. 
 
 p>ciuDiccof fojren lames) upon tuft, mature anD tbber Deliberation, up bistopaUatttljojittt to 
 uritbflann fucb p?iuilenges,as bp reafon of tlje abufe tljet eof , baue bene uvfinitelp pjeiitBician 
 unto himfclfe aim Ijis fubiects, 
 
 Inprimis tbe faiD ambauaooursnoe arTicmeas afoje, that niljereas allaffijcuerptbe2S3at< 
 chants of the fain companp,as often as tljep toouln,ttiere,botlj in tbe Realme of £ngland,am>tti 
 otljcr tcrtitD ?i«0 9 Dominions fubiect unto oucfotteraignelojo the king, aDmitteoanafufferen 
 (accojfling totbetenojof tbefojmameD pnttileDgcs grmteo Unto tbem) freelp/rtenslp an ft* 
 cttrelp to traffique ano conuerfe toritlj anp of bis gpatefttes liege people ano fuiiiects vuljatlbcuer, 
 0? roitb other people of uiljatfceuer nation liuing in tfce realme of England, c j tn tfte nonunions 
 afo?efaiD:tljefaiDcommonfoeietp of marcljantsbptljeirpublifeef Deliberate common counfciDio 
 appoint 9 o?nain,£ no focittp in anp cities,touines,o;! places,ueitber pet anp parttculat man of anp 
 fitch fbcietp(tbere being no lanifullo? reafonable caufc uiljp) fljoulDe in anp Uoife aomtt anj- mar* 
 djants of the realm of England refitting unto tljeir cities 0} other places ft? marcbanoife,to en« 
 top intercourfc of traftike : but that the faine tfngliflj marcljants ftjotilo bee altogether erclttoeo 
 from all traffike ann mutuall conuerCation among tbem, tp Denouncing anD inflicting gneuous 
 penalties! of monep as toell upomcities asotljcr places,ano Upon particular marcbants alfo of the 
 fojefaio fociet:e pjactifmg the comrarp* 
 
 31tem,tbatimmeoiatlp after.tlje fojefat'D parties enacting anD ojDaim'ngpubltujeD tljeir fapoe 
 ftatute ano o?alnance,in all kingoomes.pjouinces , partes, cities, ano tonnteSjtoberin anp mar* 
 djants oftlje-fato fociette mere conuer fant, , . 
 
 3item,tl)ataftertbatpublication,tl)ettacuteanDo?Dtnanceafo?efatDbpetierpcftbemarcbatttis 
 of tlje fojenamcD focietp niece inuiolablp obferueo. 
 
 3item ) tljat tbe fain ftatute ano ojoinsnee batb bene fo rigojottSp put in crecutt'on,tbat tobereaiS 
 t'mmeDiatlp after certatnc Cngliflj marcljants toitb tbeir fbtps , mariners, ano marcbano 15c bec» 
 tng tnacertatnepartofoneoftbepjtinctpall cities of tljcfojefaiDe fectettc, Dtrerlp Dettitttce of 
 meate ) D?inke,anDmonep,pttblifeeIpoffreD to fell tbeir toollen clothes of England , onelp to pjo- 
 uioe tbemfclites of neceflatp Uictuals : pet tbe marcljants of tlje Taioe citte , floutelp perSGing in 
 tljeir ftatute anD o^Dinance afojefato,ttraigbtIpp?xbibiceD the btrping of fitch clotljcs.toncbjiftian* 
 lp Denping meate annun'nke unto tbe faio <$ngliuj marcbants. 
 
 3Item,tbe fojefain focietp Decreen anD ojnatneu,tbatno marcljant of the faine compare? fijoulti 
 inanp place 0? countrep tobatfoeuer ,bup anp luooUen clotbes of tbe realme 0? Dominion of Eng- 
 land (albeit oftereD bp others anD not bp€ngliflj mm) 0}, bauing bought anp, ujouId, after tbe 
 termep jefiren.fcl tbenympottng grtenous pecuniarp mulcts.beGoes tbe forfeiture of tbe clotbca 
 fo bought 0? Colo, Upon tbem that toouln attempt tbe contrary, 
 
 3ittm,tbat after tbe faw ftatute ano ojDinance,tbefo?efaiD£fccietteDecrecD,tbataUmarthants 
 
 oftljefaiDcompanie, bauing among tbeittoaresanemaubantiife anp iuoollen clothes maoe in 
 
 EngUnd,u)oulo either fell the faiDe clothes, ojtoitbin a fto?t fpacet'jenlimiteo fljoulD.unoerpe* 
 
 naltteof forfeiting tbe fatDclotbeS,Uttertp renounce tbeufeanDcomnioDitte!bf"of;jl5ottoitbfla« 
 
 Ding a gneuous penaltte of monep beingimpofco Upon tlje Utolatrrs of the fame ftatute. 
 
 «jt« Hans fact* 3I« rn- that the ttatutes ano o?Dinances afo?efaiD might tomb. mo?e fpccD anD ctlerttpbe pucin 
 
 ttic tictctiii:- jrecutian,tbe faiD authors anD publifljcrs thereof imagtning,arco?o;ngto their DcCre,tbat by tbttf 
 
 Sfoto oS nteanes an utter ertirpatton ann ottettbjott of €ngliu) marcbants mtg'bt, pea 9 of ncceffitp muft 
 
 m m«rcj)«t». en f ue ; bpon rtjeir ferious 9 long premeDitaceD Deliberation,ftrattclp commanoeD 9 intopneD.Un^ 
 
 DerpainofloangtbcbenetUofallpnuaeges,UJberefoetter,orbptbcpn'nfesofnihatlanDS,cjtbe 
 
 S^agillrates of robat Cities 0} tofcmes fotutr bouebfafeo unto tbe fatD common focietie,tbat not 
 
 onlp the aloermen of tbat focietp in al places rijjougbout tbe realme of England.but alfo al otbec 
 
 marcbants of tlje faiD eompanp, after the maner of marcbants conuerfing in tbe faioe Eealme, 
 
 u^ttlD^itbouterceptionofperfons.UtterlpabftetnfromallintercourfeoftrafTikeUJitbtbfmac' 
 
 cbants of tbe realme afo?efaiD : pea, anD that tbep tbouloe Depart out of the faiD kincttome toitiin 
 
 auerp fho?t (pace limtteD. Jfoj the oifpatcbing of al tobich p jemiffes toitbout oclap.tt ttias acco^ 
 
 Dingto tbeir commanDement effettuallp p?owiDeD. 
 
 fetahitfs «• 35tem,tbat tberoctetp afojefaio hatb app?ourt oiuerS berp Unreafonable ftatutes 9 omittances, 
 
 i?*" n f, ?"?B maDefpublilbeDbptbemarcbantsofthefamefocietpreCDtngintbekmgDamsof Norway anu 
 
 mNorw,"«nD swedland 3 tothegreatpjetuDiceofthek!n3DonteofEngland,miDtb,marcbamsthcrcof:anDas 
 
 in swdiand. pet botl) couert i p am, erpjellp Da appjoue the fame, umuftlp putting tbem inDaiip erectttton. 
 
 Jtem.toberas in tbepriuilegeS^inDulgcncesgrattteDbpprcnoumcDp'inccsfomttmcs kings 
 of Englad.jJttiojtbp p?ogenito?s ofourfoueretgnlo?D the king 1) nom t3,unto tbefociccp afojefaiD, 
 it is pjouiDeD,v the fain marcbants fljalnot auoto anp man tohirb is •-ot of their companp,no j fljal 
 not colour Ijis gooDS ano marcbanni?e uttoer tbetr eompanp : tubmas alCo in tbe confii tnation of 
 
Hen.^.fPrujf.amba/f. Traffiques,aricl Difcoueries. 175 
 
 tlje fapD jjjimut ogts maoe bp out foueraigne lop tljac nouie is, tt is matuteulp p;ouioeD, tbac the 
 marcljants oftlje Hans tolling, bnoer tbe colour of tbeir p?iuileDges in England, ujallnotbpon 
 painc oftlje perpetual! fruttration anu rcuocation oftljc fojefapo pjiuileDges , rcceiue anp flran= 
 ger of anp other totone in tljcir liberties.bp tohom tbe fcings cuComemap in anp fo?tUctottrjIjolDcn 
 ojDimmifljcD :$pct tbe contrarp unto al tbefepjuuifoei5ljatbbmeuerpptrc,fojtbere 2o,ptreso? > 
 tbereabotitnotojiouflpp?actifeDanDcommittet),a!StotHiopntipbptbegenerallcoiinf£U,anDtole« 
 ration of tbe fojcfapD fbcietp, as alfo fctteralfp bp tbe aDiiife ano pcrmiwen ofoiuers particular ci» 
 ties of tlje fojelapD Hans tompanp to tbe great Diminution of bis maieftics eullome, cbeeflimati- 
 on tobereof tbe fojcfapo ambalTaoojs arenot able at tljis pjefent fullp to Declare. 33 ut tljat &iloc 
 caftans of tbe lattabouemencioncD Diminution mapbeepjeuente&foj tbe time to come, tlje fapD 
 ambaftlsDejS Doe oemano to baue from tbe fojefapo focietie a Declaration intojittng, luljatanD ©eu>mmip$ 
 toljat manerof territojies,cities,totones,trillages 0} companies tljep be, to? toljicb tbe fapDfocietp ^, c!, ^ ttlr 
 cballengetb anD pjetenDetbjtljattljep ougljt to eniop tlje pjiuileDgeg granteD i>nto tbeit marcljantu, 
 asisafomcmcntioneD. 
 
 S^o?eoucr, it is requi'reDbptbefojefaiDambatraDo^s, if tbe focietie afojefapDbatbnot Decrees 
 no? ojtrapnco tbe tbmgs abotte toutten, tljat tbe names oftlje cities ano places Decreeing anD 0^ 
 Dainmgfucb Statutes $o?Dinaitces, map bptljefapo common focietp eitbernotu ojatfome otljer 
 times "ano places conttenicnt fo? tlje fsrne pttrpofe, be crpjcffeB ano fct Dotone in touting. 
 
 A letter of Henry the fourth king of England &c. vnto Fratet 
 Cottraditsdelungingen the mailer gcnerall oiPrufita. 
 
 HEnrie$c.to tbe mod noble ano mtgbtpperfonage of facrcD religion Fr.-Conradusdelun- 
 gingen Smaller general oftlje o?Dcr of theDutclj knigljts of S.Maric,our molt oeare frienf, 
 greeting,ano continual perfection of amity/. 
 
 SaJbenaspourmefTengersanD ambaffaoojs' toereof lateperfonallp pjefentin Holland, ano 
 tljereerpecteDtbearriualofourambairaDO?suntilltbcfirllDapoftbemonetbofji2otiembcrlali 
 erpireD,tbat tbere migljt bee bp luap of frienolp conference a remeDiepjouiDCDinregarDofcer* 
 taineiniuriesp?etenDeDtobeoffereB,bpbotbourfubie:tsoneagainftanotbcr, fo? tlje ptiblique 
 commoDitie of botb parts, toe toere Determines to Ijaue Cent unto Dordraft, attlje fojcfaiDDape, 
 our ttielbeloueo ano faittjfull bntg^c William Sturmy, ano our toelbcloucD clerhe Iohn Kington, 
 bponourambaffage-affapjestbauingaspetinottr Detires.fo? a peaceable enoing of tbe matter, 
 (tob:cb,ourfo),efapDambauaDo?s!,bpreafonoftbefljo7 / tne6oftime,o?tljemiDingoutoffomeotber 
 remcDicanobappp coaclufion of all ano Angular tljc fo?efaio attempts concerning tljepjinctpall 
 baCnes,coulDbpnomeanesat thatmffantattaineDnto)tbati)ponibmc ottjer moje conuenient 
 Dap (to tlje enD pour nmbaffaDo?s migbt not returne bome altogetberfruttrate of tljeir erpectation) 
 tbere migljt be, aftrr tbe toonteo f rienolp maner,a conferece $ agreement uittb pour fo?efapD am> 
 baffasojs , eucn as bp otljer letters of ours Dirccteo bnto pour fapo ambaffacojs tlje fcconD Dap of 
 tbemonetlj of j^oncmbcr afojefapa tucebaueDeliuereD our minDjjnto tljem. "But it fojtuntD not 
 long before tbe Departure of pour ambalfaDo js into tljeir otone countrep.tbat no fufficient ftjipping 
 coulobe founo tobcrein our fapDambaffaDojs migbt tjaue fecure ano fafepaffage fcmo Dordratt, 
 c?Middleburgh,neitberto)astttbougbttbattbepfl)oulDgetanp patTagc at all, till tlje fbipsae 
 MiddleboroughiDcrereturneD into our tu'ngDome, bp tlje fojee tobereof tbcp migbt be tbemoje 
 ffronglptoafteooucr. amtfobpreafon oftlje Departure of pour ambafaDouu , all matters rc= 
 rnaine in fufpcnfetill fucb time as tlje fapo ambaflaDejs ujall agaiuc mcete toitb ours to aDDeprr* 
 fectionbnto tbeuufines as pet imperfect, (DHijerefojx (outfrienD bnfaiiuDlp beloueo) Dcfiring 
 from tlje bottome of our beart tljat tlje intcgritie of loue , tobiclj batb from auncient times taken 
 place bettoeene our $ pour fitbiects.map in time to come alto be kept inniolable , me baue tbougbc 
 gooD once again to feno one of our fojefaio ambafTaDojs.namelp William Eftunny fenio;bt to Dor- 
 draa,giuingbimcbargetbitljcrtomakebafle,anDtberetoflap, tillfome of pour nuflengerSjac 
 ?oureommanDement Doe in time conuenient repap?etintotbat place, tbere (bpo3aDS affiflance) 
 to tying tbe matter tmto an bappp conclufion. ^ap it pleafe pou tljcrcfoje of pour Dnfapneo 
 frienDujip.luitboutaUincotutenicnce ofoelap, to returne, notDnto tt$,butbntootirfo?enameo 
 knigbt an antocre in tt?iting,iabat pour toill ano Determination is, jTScitljt r let it fetme flrange 
 hnto poutbat we baue not at tbis p^efent fent our fojenameo Iohn Kington clerke togctber Voitb 
 tbe fapo William : io) tbe caule of bis abooe laitlj bs is.tbat be map in tbe meanefcafen e mpfop bis 
 care ano Diligence about tbofe matters tobicljmuft be pjeparatiues foj tbetmallccncluthmoftbe 
 tb?efapDbulines.li)ono?able lit,anD motl ocarefrieno, toe Doe mod bcartilp toiiftj increafe of pjo= 
 fpcritp ano ioptnto pourperfon. (Siueniuour palace of Weftminftw tjje 14. "ap of^tb.in 
 tbe peareofottriojD 1407. 1407, 
 
 To 
 
iy6 The Englifti Voyages, Hen,^. < Pruj[.ambaff. 
 
 To the right noble and valiant knight Sit William Sturmy fenc 
 
 atthisprcfentbythemoft fouercigne King of Ettg/andSccas his 
 
 zmbaQidoutviKo Dordraft, hismolllincereincnd, 
 
 HOnojable Gr, our mod entter frienb , toce recciueD tjie ropall letters of tfje moff migfop 
 pjinceanDlojD, ourlojDtbe Ring of England ano Franceanolojooflreland, firm bnto bs 
 tonDertbeDnteoftbei4.DapofJFebmarp (mhicb merecetuen at ourcattleef Marienburgh the 
 1 1. of 9pjil)containing,amonijff other matters, that big spateftiespurpoftmas onreagatne to 
 fenoeoneofbtsattibaffaoojai.namelppourfelfeourberpnnccrcfrienDbntoDordraft.gttimgpou 
 in charge cljac pott moulo make bafle tbitb«!r $ tbereffap, bntill feme of otir fubieces might at our 
 commanDcmet.in conuenient time repairt bnto the fame place ,tbere (bp (Sods afliftancejto tying 
 our matters bnto a bappp conclufion. 3nt> tljen be requefteD tljat tuee ilwulD totcl-otic Delap to n'te 
 ourDttermitiationbntopou.as the conclufion of the fnio letter impojtetb. Cpotobett(ourmoft 
 oeare frieno) tbctreattes $ conferences about tbe rcDjeffe oj reformation ofbniuff attempts com= 
 mitteb bp tbe fubiects of our fapD lo jd tbe feing :4 our fubiects, one againir another, are both on out 
 bebalfe , anD on the bebalfc of tbe common focietie of the Hans marcbaut0,bitberto featj,maDe, ano 
 continueD common. 3nb fo ourcommtfiioncrsbpon our full anD abfolute commanocment,ujaI,fo ? 
 tbe managing of thefe ano of other affaires of tbe fojefaio focietie, manptoaies bjgent anDDifft* 
 cult,bpontbefeaff ofourlomsafccnfionnert to come, meetmitbtbefaiD focietie at Lubec,tbere 
 to giue notice toljat tbep bauebeterminco to conclude in this pjeftnt bttilncs i in others fo> their 
 olune bebalfe . jfoj me toil giue our ambaffabours mbich are there to appeare,flrcigbtlp incharge 
 that accojoing to the Rings requeff afojefapoe thepooe totthout Delap procure an anftoere to be 
 b^itten bnto pour honour concerning the Determination of the fojefapo focietie.. ©iucn at the 
 place ano bpon theoap abotte nanwD,intbe peace of our Lo?o i 407. 
 
 Tr,}V(Ynbermde 7>M/«£<r»,commanderin Siting, general vice-mailer 
 and lieutenant in the roome of the Matter generall of the Dutch 
 knights 01 the Order of S.Marie &c, of late deceased. 
 
 The letters of Henry the 4. king of England &c wntoVlricus 
 
 de Iungitgen Matter generall of Prujfia,! 408. wherein he doth 
 
 ratifie and accept the latt agreement made at 
 
 Hage'm Holland, 
 
 fEnryfc, bnto the honourable ano religious petfonageFr.viricusdeIungingen3^attcrge s 
 . Jnerallof theDutcb knights of §>.Maric&c.ourmotlDeare frieno, greeting annoaplp in» 
 crcafe of our accuflomen amitp ano frienefbip. JEUe ooe bp theft p?c fents giue pour feouour to bn-- 
 Derilano, that our faithfull 9 melbeloueo William Efturmy knight , ano fatter lohn Kington 
 clcrke.our ambaflaoo p anD mongers fent of late on our bebalfe, bnto the piefcnce of pour pj«^ 
 oeceffourfo?thereD?effingef certaine gtieuances anb carnages being contrarp to tuttice offcrco 
 againff bs ano our liege fubiectsbp the people $ fubiects of pour pjeDeceffojs, 9 againff tbem al* 
 fo bp our fubiects as it is afojefapo, in frienblp maner to be pjocureo, of late returning out of the 
 parts of Alemain maoe relation bntobs aim to our connftll.tbat hautng conferreb mitb pour foje« 
 nameopjeoeceuou^aboutthefojefapoaffapjes, the particulars follotoing mere at length concltt- 
 ueo: namclv&rtrofall,thatata certaine Dap anb place the? Iboulo meete in Holland mith bis 
 ambaffaDO?s ano meffengers, to holb a ftienolp conference bttmeen tljem about the reojeffrng ano 
 reformation of the grieuances ano Damages afo jefapo t ano that tbep Ojoulo bp the equall maigbe 
 of Diligent cramination ponDer.fr in the balance of iuflice Difcuffegt Define al 9 fmgular the forefaib 
 grieuances ? Damages inflicteo onbotbparts, l&ombetc at length after futunp p?o?ogations then 
 tb&ttSltot maDe^cont!mieDonthisbel)alfe,ourambaiTaDo?Sfmeirengfrsafo?cfaiDbponthe28. ofaugutt 
 «usntn 4 07. laapaftjairemblingthemfeluesfbjtourpartatthetomneofHagcinHolland^hehon.^Difcrcete 
 perfonagesArnoldHeketburgomafier of the tomne of Dantzik,9 lohn Crolowe.fo? the behalf 
 
 Of pour fubtCCtB Of Pmflia, anD Tidman de Meu!e,$ Iohn Epenfchei d foj the bebalfe of Liuonia, 
 
 beingaffembleo as meffengers ano commiutoners about the rcD?elft anD reformation afojefapD, 
 Dio then anD there Dtmauno in certaine articles , of our ambaffaDcurs ano meffengers abouena> 
 mcD 2 5 o 1 4,nobles gs half a noble,fo? the gtieuances 9 Damages offeree (as it mas the" (aiD)to pour 
 fubiects of Pruflia.ano 24o8a,nobles.i 2,s,8,o,inrecompcnfeof the carnages offerco bntathofe 
 
 pour 
 
 H. 
 
flen.^.Trujf.ambaJf.Tra$iques,and Difcoueries. 177 
 
 pour fubiects otLiuoma. 9nou)benche lubltance of tljofe articles about tljcgcicuanccsgflotrcs 
 afo?efa?D toasbp tbefapDambalfaDours ano metfcngers tljrougljlp eMmineoanoDifcMTeD, bp 
 tfjeir gencrall confent it boas finallp agreeo, tljat pour fubiects , in confioeratton cf all ano finp= 
 lartbe forefapo grieuanccsano Damages offcreD bnto tljcmbp our people, ujouiotoithintljree 
 penres after the featt of Caller ncrtenfuing, attb?ee equal! papments rcteiue from os, name* 
 Ip tljep of Prufsia ,8957, nobles, ano tbep of Liuonia 2 24p6.nobIes J fire pence, fjalfe penp, far* 
 tljing,anDnomore, fotbattoeourfelues thought gooo to conoefceno thereunto. $orobeitio?af< 
 tmtclj cib ccrtainc otljer articles of pour fubiccts-of Prufsia, ano alfocertaine articles in the be* 
 fjalfeof our fubiects containing grieuous complaints in the m.beingpjopounDeo befoje the ambaf- 
 faoois $ mciTcngers afojcfato,f j tlje attaining of reformation in regaro of tlje Damages $ grteunn< 
 ces offeree on botb parts,cou!o not as the, f j the great obfeuritp of Diuers of the fapo art ick s.ano 
 alio f 0? team of fufficiet pioofc at tbc laft meeting appointed ano hclo bp tlje forefapo ambaffaDors 
 at the totone of Hagc in Holland,fufficientlp to be eramineD,DifcutreD, ano oefineD, it boas agreeo 
 bpon bp tlje ambaffaoors ano mefiengers of both partes, tljat from tlje 1 5 .Dap of October then lad 
 trpireo Onto tbe featt of Caller noto nert cnfuing,anD from thenceforth toitfjin one Uiljole perc im* 
 meoiatlp following , the plaintiffs of botb parts fboulo t brottgljlp Declare before our cljancclour of 
 England foi tbe time being,tlje fo?efapo obfeurities cocerning tlje fubllance of tljeir articles, anti 
 that tbep fljoulo, foi tlje obtaining of crecution, ano complement of in if ice at our fapo c Ijancelours 
 Ijanos,pcremptorilpminiflernecelfarp probations, bnoer paine ofperpetuall erclufion fromthe 
 petition of tbofe tljings toiljich are contapneo in tlje articles aboue mentioneo. 
 
 PjoutoeD alinapes,tljat if at tbe Iall it fljall be bplabjfull p?oofes maoe mam'feff concerning tbc 
 ftimmesabaticiujittciio? anppartor parcell thereof, tljat cue fatiffaction Ijatb beenemaoe to 
 himoj tljnnmuo tohonnt teas Due,cj tbat tbofe gooos of ano foi tljciubich complaintbatljbene 
 maoe on tlje bebalfeofpourfubicctshauepertaivteoorDoeappcrtainebnto otljers, or anpotljec 
 uiff, true, ano rcafonable caufe map Iatnftillp beealleaged, tobpthepapmentof all the forefapo 
 fummes 01 anp of tljcm ought not tobe performed : tljat tbenfo muclj onlp is to be cut off 0? oc tic* 
 tea from tlje fapo fummes as (ball befoundtobealrcaoppapdortopertainebnto otljers, 0; elfe 
 bponfbmctrue,iuu\anOreafbnabIe caufe (as isafoicfapD)not to be Due, Site therefore confide* 
 ring tljat tlje fapb friendly conference, ano tbc Email agreement enfufng thereupon are agreeable 
 Unto reafon ano equicie,doe,for our part ratiSe ano toillinglp accept trjeberp fame conference ano 
 agreement, 3no f oiaflttxcrj as it bat Ij bene altoapes our dc fire , ano is as pet our intention, tljat 
 tlje league of amitp ano tfcc integritieofloue, tohiclj Ijatb of oloe time bene obferueo bcttoecne 
 aurano pour fubiects, map in times to come perpetually remaine imtiolable, ano tljat pour ano 
 our people imp Ijrre after, not onelp foi tlje gooo of our common tueale but alfo foi tbe csmmooitp 
 ano peace of botb parts, accoiDingtotbeirtoaoonteb maner, alTemble tljcmfclucs ana tniop tbe 
 faithfull ano mutuall conuerfation one cf another : toe totll caufe in our citie uf London, toitb tlje 
 fumme of 8957. nobles fatiffaction to bee maoetouo tbePrtuTians, ano tutctj tlje fummeof 
 2 2496, nobie8,fircpence,halfepenp, farthing, recompenfe to be performed bnto tlje Lluomans, 
 in regard oftlje damages and iitiuries(tobicljinberpoecde pioceeoeo not of our confent) bpouc 
 fubiects offeree bnto t hem, as it is aforefapo,ano toitljin tbiee peares after tlje f ead of Caller nert 
 enfm'ng the fapo fummes ofmonep to bee papeo at three papments,anD bj» three equal! portions. 
 Conoitionallp tljat bnto our fubiects tobicb be enoamageo correfponoent fatiffaction be likctoife 
 onpourparttoitbin the termeof tbeforefapotbreepeercs performed, toitljpaping the fummes of 
 7 66 1 nobles ano of 4 j 3 y . nobles, demaunded on our beljalfe , ano alfo toith tbepapmentcf fuctj 
 fummes as toithinonepecreimmeoiatelpenfuing tbe feat! ofCatter aforcfapo,fljalbc found op 
 fuff ictcnt oelaratf ons ano p 10 fes to b e maoe on tlje b eijaife of our fubiects (as is afoiefapo) to be 
 Due. C uen as to c tn like maner bjill make fatiffaction bnto pour fubiects Witljin our citie afoie- 
 fapo. .tftoto as toucbing tbe requefi of pour ambaflaDo?s anD of tlje JLiuonians.torjtrebp tee bcere 
 required to procure fomeljolefome rcmeop foi tbe foules of ccrtainc d jotoncD pcrfbns, as confet-- 
 ence ano religion fame t lj to c Ijalcnge (in regaro f totjo m toe are moucD toitlj compalfion, ano do 
 foi tbetc fakes beartilp conoolc tljeir mitbaps) pou are (our entier f t ienD) of a certaintic to bnoer- 
 Qano.tbat after w fijall be bp pour letters aDuerti?eD of tbe number, Hate, ano conDitionof tbe 
 fapo parties ojotoneD, ttetoill caufe fufftageS ofpjapers ano Diuers otber ijolefome remeoies pro- 
 fitable for tlje foules of tbeDeceafco ana acceptable to (Sod ano men,reIigiouflp to bco?oaineD ano 
 prouioeo: bponconDition, tljat for tbe foules of ourDromneD countrepmen tljercbctbelike rc-- 
 meDieprouioeDbp pou. Sftje almigljtp grant bnto pour felfe anD bnto pour biljolc ©rcer, tljat 
 pou map profperouflp triumpb ouer tbe enemies ofdjiitt bis crofie. <Siuen bnoer our priute fealc 
 at our palace of Weftminfter tlje 26,ofS|9atclj,tntt)epeteofour top 1408. anointljenintljpcrc 
 cfourreigue. 
 
 The 
 
178 The Englifti Voyages, Hen.^.Truff.dmbaff. 
 
 The letters of Fr: Vlricus Mafter of Truftia directed 
 ynto the king of England, Jtgnifying that he is contented "frith 
 the agreements concluded by his meflengers at Bagt. 
 
 To the mod renowmed prince and mighty lordL Henriekin& 
 
 of England and France ,and lord of Ireland,om moft gracious lord. 
 
 ^fyg^^ j9to pcur .ijigljmp plcaHire stall affaies hr.mblp rerommcnbingmpbcluntarte 
 \^M^f7^ ferutce$c, SI9ofirenotomeofcing,mtgbtp p^nce, ar.s gracious lop, toe recei* 
 \m//!m\ ue0 °f " ate &$> E reat wiMWtt ass it becomme th bs,bp out tud'oelotieti Arnold 
 W^jSf deDaflcltljebeaterof ofttjefeprefents, pour ygaieilies letters of late birccteo 
 \/0%j> bnto bs, making mention amon;r.ft other matters of ccrtaine appointments firfi 
 B4&1g/& mabe ans conduces bcttojen the noble fnsttortbppcrfnnages WilliamEftur- 
 my knight, Iohn Kington clcrke, ano William Brarppcon citizen of London pour ambaffa« 
 Sours autj meffengers on the one parte, ano our (jouojable ano religious brethren, namrlg 
 Conradus Licbtenften great comanocr.Warnherus de 1 ettingen cfjicfe Ijofpitalarp $ cemman- 
 BerinElbing, ano Arnold dcHackentreafurer, beingtlje procurators atisctmmimcncrs of 
 Fra, Conradus dc limgingen our IfiGprebftelTour of famous memorp on the other parte, con* 
 tenting the veojelTing, reformation, ano amenocment of bniufi attempts cemmittco on bctlj 
 ficcs , at cur caftle of Marienburgh, ans alfo uerp latilp at tlje totone of Hage in Holland, 
 namelpthe ttoentpcight of the rtionctb 9uguff mtjje peare immesiatelp patt , bettoeene pout 
 forefapDeambaffabours William EHunny knight, anb Iobn Kington clerke, to? pcur part, anB 
 ourtntfxp antitoelbeloucs commiuloncrsattb procurators, namelp Arnold Heche turgoma-- 
 fitrof ourcitie of Dantzik, anb lohn Crolow citizen of the fame cttie, fo? our parte. 9no 
 for our more perfect knotolege in this behalfc, out frpo commiffioncrs niaoe relation bnto bs 
 ana bnto our toljole counfell, that affociatmg bnto themfelues our meflengers of Liuonia, 
 namelp, TidmanMyeul, ans IohnEpenflind, tqgfthcr totth pour forefaisambaffabours ana 
 meffengers, tbep there finallp appopnten anti ccneUioes, of ano about the abcue mentioncn 
 fummes of money sue on both partes, of thetohicb mention is mace in pour letters afojefaps, 
 cGitb this fpcciall prouifo , that in like manner f attraction be mace in all points, both bnto other 
 of our Damnifies fubiccts of Pruflia, namelp fuel) tohofe gooos or the true balue thereof bauc bene 
 finallp abiusges bp tlje iubges or p?ofcflbrs of our latocs, anb bnto fuel) tobo hauing brought their. 
 mmuwian articles of complaints bnto the ausience of themcfX areas ano mightpprinre anslo?oc , our lorn 
 ie fia&iiiuo j Rupertus king of the Komans altoapes moQfoueraigne, mere in conclttfion 10 haue tlje? eflt* 
 Mofnaiwf mations of their gooos to be asiuogeo bp the fentence of tlje fapo Iojd , tuitb the abuife of ttoo 
 of his ceunftllcrs, anb alfo bnto other of our fubiectstobo haue brought in fufficient proofe of 
 Damages bniuClp iuflicccs bpon tljem bp pour fubiccts, ouer anb beftoes the p?cmifies. &a 
 that in ulsemancr fatiffaction bemaoebntotbe common focietu? of the Hans marchants: ana 
 bp the arbitrament fet ootone in the conferences has at Marienburgh, of the tabic!) it toag 
 abouepjouibeb anb enactcb on their behatfe, namelp if tbep toil! reft tontentcb toithourfub* 
 iectsinthecourfesanbmcanegtbenconcluoeb. 3fnot,toemtcn.Dnot atalltoaohere bnto them 
 in tljisbebalfe. aftertoarDourmefrengerssfortfapD,boththepof PruffiaancofLiuoniabeutan* 
 ueb conucnient,iuft, anb fpeeap fatiffaction , toich the papment of all anb Cngular the fummes a^ 
 boue mnuioncbjbtte bnto both parts (fo farre foorthaa eqtiitp anb rcafon taoulo peelu bnto.for the 
 recompenfe of tljeparties imurteiianDenoamageo onbothOoes)tobe maoe taithinonc tabolepere 
 acconqitiug from the fcaffof Cafter noto laff cjpireo bnto tlje bervfame feail nejet to ccme in tlje 
 pere immeoiatlp follotoing,? tbat in three feueral termed of papment,bp three portions of the fain 
 fummes cqualip to be oiuioeo, at tlje totone of Bruges in Flanders as being a place inbifferent fo j 
 nHparties,tnmaner anb forme as it teas before at Marienburgh requires ano Coobe bpon: name* 
 ip that reformation, reparation, anb amenbcment of allbniufl attempts commutes on both parts 
 ought to bee pcrformestaithin one pere, lj)otobeit contrsritotfe pour ambaffasors aforefaps be* 
 creestljattlje fapo fatiffaction ujouls be performeb bnto tlje parties imttricb of both parts toitlj* 
 in three peeres, beginning to accompt from tlje feait of Caller laffpaH, austofcenpeurambaf* 
 faoours toctenotcontentebtoiththemancr of fatiffaction fet sotonebp our nun, norourcom» 
 miffionerstoeretoillinginanpfortto content bnto that courfe tohitljtoas thought conutnient 
 bpjottrambalTaDors.the honorable meBengersoftljefea-totanes of tlje Hans being there at that 
 time prefentjmabe a motion that tlje fojefaps fatiffaction might be pcvfornics toitljin ttoo peeres 
 anaauhalfc, accomptingfrojii tlje feaft of Caller lattpaff, often before mentiones: pet bnscr 
 
 a cert 
 
■ ■ ■ ■■- ■ i ■■■ ■••*-■ ■ ■ ' ' ■ -'- l ' ■ ' ' '■' *-■■ ■ ■ - •■ — - - ■ 
 
 Hen^SPru/f.ambaf. Traffiques,andDifcoueries 4 17? 
 
 acertaiHep?oattauou,iiajidpuootljpaiuisujoiUD agree unto tnatformeor fauftaction, anD if 
 tljcp Cboulo tljinfeegooD finailp anD ronduCucIp to pfdo tfjEic content unto it. SUbicb funnoffa* 
 tiffaction alfo concciueo bj> tlje mctfengers.pour dpo ambaftaDours tottljout gimng notice tijerof 
 Unto pour ropall q9aieffie,refufeD finallp to appjoue; being rather bcftrous to make a true u faitfr 
 fullrepojt of tbefajtDfomte of fatiffattion lartaboue menttoneD unto pour fetnglp Ijigbmffe , ano 
 that in fuctj Cojte, trjat (as ttiep bopeo) cfifeetttall ractffacttou anbpapmrntofall anD fiiigulcrtbe 
 fummcflbue ano to bee bueon both partes fboulB mojeconuenientlpanofpeetiilpbecpcrfonneo. 
 Cgjhewtipontee might beput in gooD tope, thatmojefpeeBpanD ronucment appointments of 
 termes, fo?tbefapDfatiffactionfcienBlpou botbpartstobe pcrfojmeDii^tooulDbauepjocccDtB 
 from pour bountifull ano gractousclemencic. anoiiiDerp DecBe(moflmtgbtppnnce) albeit it 
 teas neuer the meaning of our fojefnpspieoef euo?,fo farfoojth as tbcfe affapjics concemeo bint, 
 to protract ano Delap the erecution of the fapD butmes fo manp ano fuel) long Dift ancrs of time, ano 
 tbatfo?Biuersrefpccts, both becaufercttttution Bnto the parties robbcb conft(tcBljcrem,an.D al= 
 fobccaufetbefapDreattutiousanbfatiffactimtsaretobematiC bnto pooje people, toiootoes, ax* 
 pbanes.anB other miferable creatures, otucrflp anu miferablp flaine ano opp?cfleb : nottticbQan> 
 Ding toe being moueb toitb he artp 9 ferucnt ?cale ano fpeciall affection bnto pour ropall crotone 
 of England, ano bailing Hue rcgaro ano confioecation of pour mott c rf client S^ateCte, bpon tlje 
 aDutfeofourboaourablebjetl)?enourcounfellers,DoctbanfefulIprecciue, ^bptljetenouroftbefe 
 pjefents totallp ratifie ano appjoue fuebfatiffacttons of tbc fo?efapo fumrflcs Ijotofceuer Due bnto 
 our fubt'ects both IP ruffians ano liuonianS, in frienDlp forte to be pcrfo?mcoatfucb times ano 
 feafonsIimiteBanD pjeftreobppourljigbneaasareerpjeueD mpour mmctties letters, ano alfo 
 of otber fummes toijic'b iDottbtn one peare tnimtbiatelp enfuing after t!;e f eaft of cj atter laQ pafl.bp 
 fufficient pjoofes to be mabe on tbeir part beforepour cbanctlour at pour citit of London ujall be 
 fottno Due bnto tbem, Conoittonallp tljat tottbouc intonuenu>nce of telap anD tmpebimtnt tljep be 
 perfonneo as thep ought to be,accojoing to the premiffes, 31n liltemanet alfo toe our Glues toitb' 
 intbe termesofpapment abcuemcntioneotoill procure fatiffattion to be tottljout faplcperfour* 
 meD bnto pour fubiects enBamageo, toub the fummc of 766, nobles, being in regarb of tfjctrlofc 
 fes, of tbetobtcbtbepbauegiuentop fufficient informations, Due bnto tbem; ano toitb other like 
 fummesalfotobtcbarebpfuffictentpjoofcs, toitbin the peace aforcfapB, anoinmanecanD forme 
 jnefctibea to be errjibiteo before ourtrcafureratourcitieof Damzik, &be almightp boticbfnfe 
 profperouflp anD long time to preferuepour maieffies ropal perfon, tMuen at our cattle of Mari- 
 enburgh tlje a7^ofS)epccmber,in tlje peare ofourlop 1408, 
 
 Fr.flricus Ae Iungingcn mafter gcnerallof the order ofthe 
 Dutch knights of S.t^iariei hofpital of /«■«/*/««. 
 
 The letters of king Henry the 4 # fent vnto Vr.Vlricus matter general 
 
 olPrupa , wherein he doth absolutely approue the forefaid conference 
 
 holden at Huge, and treatech about a perpetual league and aruitie to be 
 
 concluded betweene Englanda.ad Pruffia. 
 
 Enrybp tbegraceof@ODRingof England anoFranceanD lop of Ireland, bn= 
 to tbe noble $ mtghtp perfonage of facrcb religion Vlricus de Iungingen ma- 
 tter generall of tbeojDer of tbc Dutcbhnigbts of ^.Maries bofpttall of leru- 
 falem,our tntirelp beloueD f cienb,greeting anD increafe of Dnf atneb f rtenD(bip« 
 Sfreroiuers conferences bao in funorp places beponn the feas, bettoeene the 
 ambaffaDoucs anD melTengtrs of pour latepjeDecetto? anD of pour fclfe alfo.on 
 theoneparte, anD bettoeene our efpcciallambauabors ano meffengcrs ontbc ctljer parte, con= 
 cermng reformations, reparations, ^refiituttons in certatnemsnet? fomicto beperfojmeo mH 
 tc out fubiectsofbotb parts, in regarb of mamfolDtniuriespractifeDega:ntttljembotb,anD after 
 that,mthelaff conference bolbenbp tlje ambaffabours ofbsbotljatthc toumeof Hagct'n Hol- 
 land, djeretoas a motion mabe concerning a certaine fojme of fatiffaction, bp toap ofmiall 
 tonclutionintljatbeljalfe : but not being as then bp ourambafTatours tcnDefccnbeDDitto, be= 
 caufetbepburftnot pjoceeoebnto the Came conclufion tottljout our pnui;ie,relation thereof at 
 length being bp them maoe before bs anD our counfel : toe retunteD bnto pour honour an anf toere 
 in tonttngbp our letters bimer our pjiuie feale, of our full purpofeanD intention (bnto the to bid) 
 ietterstoeboeattbis piefent referve our felues , as if tljeptoetebereagaineerpreUp to?ttten) 
 tofjat toe thought gboo tobatieDoneinthisbcljalfet fo that toccalfb might bppcuc frtcnolp I^t= 
 tersbecercnpnlpinfojmen of potirtoill anD erpjeffe content, being liketoife conformable toita 
 pout fojefapu intention. jf2otoetoljereas Cncetljat time toe fjaue of late reteiueb tlje certattuie 
 
 &cpum.zf, 
 1408. 
 
1 8o The EngliLh Voyages, Hen 4.. Trujfiambajf. 
 
 of tlje matter yp pout letters bijuten bnto us from pour caQle of Marienburgh, bearing Dare the 
 ay^f&rptemuerlattpafijContai'mngmeffectaniongaotljerniatters, that pou being moouco 
 bntljafcruentfeale anol^ieciall affection (aspourojite) bnto tberopaUcrotoneofourrcalme, 
 anD baiting Due regain ann confiBerationofourtopallmaiettie.upontbcaDuife ofpoutbonoura* 
 ble bietb?cnpout cotmfellers, coe roitb a tljankfull mino accept, ano bp the tcnour of tlje faiplet* 
 tersofpourstotaUpappjouetheconcojoofaccrtaine fatiffactionto leperfojmeo DJitbthepap« 
 ment of certainefttmmesof monep hotofoeuer oue unto pour fubiects as tocll of PruflTia as of Li- 
 uonia.erpjcifto in our fcumcrltttets,nritbin tbe termespjefireo bp our confentanolimiteDinouc 
 faio letters, auDalfo of otljer fummes tobicbtoiiljin one toljolc pearc tmmetjtatlp follouringthe 
 feafi of fatter laflpatt,bpfun%iencpjoofesontljeirpart to bee mate before out cljauncelour at 
 our citie of London, fljallbciounDDuebnto tljcnt: conoitionallp, ttjac luitrjout inconuenience 
 of cclap ano impeDiments , the p?emiffes be perfomieD as tbep ottgljt to be. ano tbar pour felfe 
 aIfobnlltoitboutfaple,bpontbetermcsappopnteDfoj tlje fain papmcnts,p?ocure fatiffactionto 
 be maDeaccojDinglp unto our enoamageo fubiects ujitb tbe fimimes Due bnto tljcm bp tcafon of 
 tljeit lofles.uibercoftbep baue fufficient information. JKBherefoje in regaro of tljofe pout ftientlp 
 letters, ano pour courteous aitfmere returneD bp tljem bnto us , as is afojefaio , toee Doe peeloe 
 unto pou right bnfaineD tbanks. 'But becaufe it mill bnDoubtcDlp be mott acceptable ano pleating 
 botrj bnto bs ano bnto out people, anD bnto pou ano pour fubiects, that tlje fcale ano feruencie of 
 Joue lulncl) bath from auncient times grobjen ano tncreafeo betbjeene our p?ogenitourS fo? tbem 
 ano tljetr fubiects, ann pour pjeoeceflbjs ano tbeir fubiects, and nujicb bp tlje infolemieof 
 of certapnelebJDepetfons, toitljoutanp content of tljepjincipall IojDS,bntb often bene biolatco 
 «motionfo?a hetbJecnebsanDpouanomutuallpbecujeene tbe fubiects of bs both, map be put in pctpetuall 
 1"£™ M b?e anDobtaineftiliarengtbintimetocome,fitbensbeccupon (bp<Soosafltffance) itistobebo* 
 pcb , tljat bnfpeakeable commooitp anD quiet niill reoouno bnto botlj parts : map it fceme gooo 
 bnto pout Difcretion, as it feemeth erpcoicnt bnro bs, tljat fome meffengers ofpours fufftcientlp 
 atithoHfeDto parle, agree, anDroncluDebjitbcuroeputp, about the mutuall contraction of a 
 perpetuall league ano conficmattonof fitenofrjtp , raaptoictj allconuenicntfpeeDe be lent bnto 
 our pjefence. 3t tobofe artiuall,not onelp in this buftnes (b p jofitable ano bcbootteftill, but alfo 
 incettaineotber affaires conccrningtbefojmcrtreaties anD concluDons,tbcpmap,pea anD of ne-- 
 ceOuie muff greatlp auaple. eaJljercfbje (out entirelp beloueo frieno) etten as upon confioence 
 oftbepjemiffes toe haue thought gooD to gtant bnto tbe marcbants anD fubiects of our realme 
 fttUatithon'tpto refo?t unto pout Dominions, fo toe Doe in like manet gtatmtbnto pout mar« 
 chants ano fubiects ftce licence ano libertp nritb tbeir marcbanDifes anD goooss fcctirclp to 
 come into our realmcs ano Dominions, tljere tottap, ano at tbeir pleafures thence toteturne 
 home. S^ojeoucr, if Arnold Daflel,to)holattcfatlp?efenteDpour fojefapo letters bntobs.fbal 
 tbinke goon m tbe meane feafon to make bis abooe bete in our Dominions ( as in berp DeeDe it te 
 erpeDient)bemapbothbpferious conGoccation ano Deliberate confuting britlj out commiltio* 
 nets moje conuenientlv ano pjofperouflp finoe out toapes anD meanes , fo? tbe mo?e fpeeop er* 
 peDitionofallthepjcmuTes. tfarepeujellinCbntt. (SiuenbnDerourpjiuiefealeat out palace 
 of Weftmin(ter,tbefeuentfoofS0arcb,intbepere of our Io?d 1408 ,nccojoingto tlje computation 
 of tlje Cljurcb of England, anD in tbe tcntb pete of out teigne. 
 
 Anew concord concluded between king Henry the 
 4. and Flricus delungingenMaftetgenetallotTruJfia, . 
 in the ycare ofour Lord 140?. 
 
 2» tbis inDentute 0? Iettetg inoenteD be it euiocntlp knobjen (fo? the perpetual mc- 
 mo?p of tbe matter) bnto all faitljfurl&b?iu'ians,tbat tlje noble ? honourable per* 
 fonages Richard Mcrlowe Spaio? ano titi^nof London, S^aflerlohn Kingcon 
 clerke,anD William Askham citizen ano aioerman of tbe fame citie, tlje commit* 
 _ ftoners of tlje mofl foueraigne pjince anD lojo, l.Henrie bp tlje grace of 1800 king 
 
 Of England anD France.anDlOJD of Ireland, anD Tidericus de Longemhorpe knight, Lcfardus 
 de Hereford butgomattet of Elbing, anD Iohn Crolowe citizen of tlje Ct'tieof Dantzik, the p?0' 
 
 curato?s,commiu"ionets,DeputiesanDmeffengersoftrjerigbt noble ano teligiouspetfonage Fr; 
 Vlricus de lungingen g^affet general of tbe ojDer of tbe Dutcbknigbts of g>, Maries bofpitalof 
 Ierufalem, ijaumg in tbe names of tbe fapD king anD Spaffet b^ bertue of tbe potter onbothpatts 
 committen bnto tbem,fufficient autbojitp , Ijaue appointeD ano toitb one confent agreeo bpon all 
 ano Rngulat the things bnoerton'tten. 
 
 Inprimii 
 
Hen.^fPruff.tiAmbaff. Traffiques,and Difcou. 
 
 imprimis for the couferuattondf mutuall loue anorjoonteo amicie, ano for tbctranquilitie of i 
 f mcete amiable peacc,it 15 oecrceo and joaineo, that all ano Angular the Xiege people 9 fubiects 
 of the Ecaltnc of England ano the Sparcljants of the territories 9 Dominions ofclje faio Kealme 
 ano all other petfons of tolj<it Hate oj contrition foeuer, (ball ano map fafelp anD fecttrclp.as toell 
 bp lano as bp luatcr enter into the parts of Pruffia, ano there mutttaflp conuerte,ano freelp after, 
 t.l)c mancr of Spatcbants errrcife traff ique afmell toitlj the PruflTians as unth otljers,of tobat na s 
 tion or qualitic foeuer, there alfo make their abooe,anD tijence bnto tljeir otone homes, ano Dtuel* 
 ling places rcturne, ano Depart bnto anp place tobitrjet ano fo often as tljep (hall thinkc poo, w 
 toell bp lanp as bp toater,toith tljeir gooos, marcbanDi=se,anD toares toljatfoeuer; faitljfullp pap* 
 ing in tije meane time all rights 9 cuftomes cue in regaro of tljeir faio toares ano marcljanoije* 
 Heft rueti alujaies bnto tlje faio Smaller ano his fuccefTours all right ano remeoie orflainco.pan* 
 teo,ano bottclj&fCDin certaine obligations bp our Loro the king, toljereof mentionfball be maoe 
 in the articles following, 
 
 atemitiso^DflineOjt^atallanoCngularthefubiectsof tlje faio Spaflet general! ano of bts * 
 djoer,of \uhat (late ano conoition foeuer, fljall ano map, astoell bp toateras bp lano enter into 
 jbe kingoomeof England ano into the territories ano Dominions thereof, ano there mutuailp 
 conuerfe , ano freelp after the maner of Spatcbants ercrcifctraffique as toell toitb all Enghfh 
 people as toitlj others of tobat nation 0? qiialitte foeuer, ano there alfo make their abooe 3 ano 
 thence retucne bnto their otone habitations ano Duelling places,ano to oepart toljitljcr thep toill 
 ano as oft as tbrp (ball tljinke gooo, as toell bp lano as bp toater , toitlj tljetc gooos, marcharioije 
 ano toares toljatloeuer : truelp paping in the meane time all rigrjts ano cuftomes oue in r egaro of 
 ttjeir faio toares ano SparcbanDt?e, fteftrueo altoapes bnto the faio foueratpe feing,bis Ijeires 
 ano fitcceffutirs, all rtgbts ano remeoics ojoaineo ano gratmteo bnto tljem in certaine obligate 
 ens, bp tlje commiffioncrs ano procurators of the faio Spatter generall aboue-nameo, anom 
 tije name of the faio Spatter gcnerall, 
 
 Stem it is toitlj one content agreeo bpon,promifeD,ano gratmteo that for all ano lingular Da- 3 
 mages, gricuances, ano robberies botofoetier cone ano committee before the Date of tbcfe pa- 
 tents againtt the fo?efaio tbueraipe IPrince ano Ijis fubtects tohatfoeuer,ano all others tobictj at 
 tbe time of thegricuances,oamagcs,ano robberies afojefaio, toere.or at this patent arc tlje faio 
 foueratpe king his fubiects; there areoueto bepapeobntotbefaiokingor his fucceffbttrsbp 
 the faio Spatter general! 0? his iucceflburs, in full fatiffaction ano recompence of the Damages, 
 griettances,ano robberies aboue-tojitten, certaine fummes of Englifhmoncp: euen as in the 
 letters obngatorie maoe bp tlje faio Spatter generall his procurators, ano meuengers aboue- 
 nameo in this beljalfe,ano fealeo toitb their fea!es,ano Dcliuerco onto tlje fbjCHameo procurators 
 ano commiiu'oners of our faio toro tlje king it is erprefftD more at large, 
 . 3jtem it is coucnanteo, graunteo, anD promifto, that no fubtect of the faio Spatter gcnerall or 4 
 of his fucceuours,bp reafon or occaCon of the Damagcs,gtieuances,ano robberies aforefato.fhaU, 
 ip tlje faio Coueraignektng or his fttccelTours, or bp tljeir autljorttie or commanoement.or bp anp 
 other perfontoljatfoeuer'ojho inregaro of tlje fojefaio lo(fes,gtieuances ano robberies hath bene 
 moletteo ano oammfieo, or at the procurement or tnttant fuiteof anp, beattacljeo, arretted, im« 
 prifoneo,or Detaineo; nor that tbegooos of the faio Spatter generator of Ijis f ucccflbrs.or of anp 
 pf tljem,(l)albelaiDijolo on,arretteo,or Detaineo, 
 
 Stem it, is coucnanteo ano o?Daineo, that if anp of the liege people ano fubiects of the fapoe J 
 Spatter gcnerall or of his fuccetTers (hall , contratp to tlje forme of the concoro ano graunt nert 
 aboue-toritten.chanceto bemoletteoorenoamageo: that then tlje forefaiofoucraipe ioro the 
 King ano his furccfiors the kings of England arc bouno to make full fatiffaction for all fuclj loffciJ 
 as tlje fubiects of the faio Spatter gcnerall or of his fttccefTours or anp of tljem (ball for that caufe 
 baue bniuttlp fuftaineo.bnto the patties enoamageo, mi)ic\) thing, if the forefaio foueraigne 
 Prince, or his fuccettours in the ftealme of England ,bcingconucnicntip requeffeo bpthe let= 
 ters of the faio Spatter general! or of Ijis mcceflburs,ujall ref ufe to ooe,tljat then after tie. terme 
 of Gremoneths immeoiatlp follotoing the faio oentall or rcfufall, it ttjalbe right Iatofull for the 
 Spatter general! that noto is ano fo r anp of his fucceffors in time to come (hauing firfl maoe con- 
 uentent proofe that tlje forefaio requett toas bp him or them erljibiteo) to arrett fo manp gooos of 
 .thetb^efaiokinghisfubtectsfounotnthelanDofPrufTia, asmapfufficefortljereafonable fatif^ 
 faction ano recompenfe of anp perfon or perfons tohatfocucruntuttlpmoIctteD in this bcbalfc; 
 ano alfo to oetaine the faio gooos bnoer arrettes,ontill conotgne fatiifactionanD amenos be maoe 
 linto the partp or parties molettco. 
 
 . 3I.tembp the commilftonersanoprocuratours often aboue-nameo it is couenanteo,promtfeo, 6 
 anbt5taunteo,t!jat for aO ano Cnplar tfee Damages, moIettations,ano robberies bp tlje fbrefapoe 
 
 & foucraipe 
 
 1S1 
 
i8% The Englifli Voyages,Hen.q.. < Pruj(J\<iAml?a//. 
 
 foucraigneRing bis liege people a-fubiects b°tofoeuer before ttje Date of tijefep?ffents connrtirteB 
 ano offreo againtt tlje faio fatter general oj againtt anp of bis fubiects toljcttjer Prufllans o } Li- 
 uonians, ano againtt all others tobo at the time of tlje Damages, gtieuanccs ft? robberies afojefato 
 toere, o? at this potentate rt>e fubiects of tbe Scatter generall afo?efaib ( ercept nottettbCaneing 
 tertaine Damages 9 grieuances bereafter to be nmttioneo .tobereof alfo fome p?ouifocs fijalbe Ijao 
 in tbe articles follotoing,tobicb Damages toere before f Date of tbefe p jefente bp j foto fcucraigne 
 Ring bis liege people ano fubiects tnfltccco bponcertaine fubirecsof tbe fojtfaibgencral Spatter, 
 efpeciallptbem of Pmflia tobitb bereafter fijalbenameD) there arc cmatnefummeiB of monep Due 
 to bepapeo bnto tbe faio Scatter generall 0? bnto bis fucerilbflB fep tbe faiD fbttereigne Jjtynce 0; 
 ItSfttceeffoursfo^tbefullfatirfattionof tbc fojefaio Damages, molettations ano robberies in* 
 flieteo upon tbe PrufliansanD Liuoniant, ano tbe otbers aboue mentioned, ewnas in tbe Ictcrs 
 obligatojie of tbe faio foueraipc JLo?D the Ring maoe m tbis be&alfe, being giuen ano beiiuereo 
 7 bnto tbe faiD Spatter generall bis p?ocuratours ano mcttengcrs,tt ie oeclarco moje at large. 
 Item, it is coucnanteo, gratmteo ano p jomifto.tbat none of tbe liege people 0? fubiects of tbe 
 foiefaio tbueratpe prince oj of bis beiresfijall.bp reafon ojoctatton of tljeoamages^grieuances, 
 ano robberies afojefaiD,bp tbe fapbSpattet generall ojb<s fucceflmtrs oj bptbeir autbontie am> 
 commanoement , 0} bp anp otber tobo in refpect of tbe faio oamagcs.grieuances anD robberies 
 aboue mentioneo, batb beene molefleo 0? Damnified , o> bp anp of tbeir procurements 0? inttant 
 fuiteSjUjalbeattacljeb, artetteo, impjifonebojoetaineb; nojtbat anp gooos of tbe fubiects of 
 tbe faio foueraignekingo?bt8beireso?anpof tbem, (ball bee attached , arretted, ojoetaineo, 
 Eeferueo altoapcs unto tbe fojenameo Spatter generall ano bis fubiects all rigbtanDrenuDie 
 anp toap requifite 0} competent bnto tljembp meanes of tbe obligations afojefaio, 
 
 3 Icem it is couenantea ano agreco tbat if anp of tlje liege people oj fubiects of tbe fapoe 
 foueraipe prince oj of btsbtires ano fuccettburs fijall(contrarp totbefojmeof concojo aim 
 grauntnertaboue-tojitten) cbawice to bee moletteooj endamaged; tbat tbentbe faide Spatter 
 generall anD bisfucceuottrs, fojalllofles ano Ijinderances toljicb tlje liege people ano fubiects 
 cljefojefapoe fbueraipe prince oj of bisbfuts 0? fucccflbursi ffjall bp tbat mcanes'ljaue bn* 
 iuttlpfuttainco, are bouno to make full fatiCfactton bnto tlje partteenoamageo, iHHbicb if tbe 
 Spatter generall afo?efato 01 bis fur cciTours being conuenientlp requctteD bp tbe letters of tbe 
 fapoe foueraipe prince ojof bis bcites, fljallrefufeto Doe,- tbat then, after tbe fpace of Cre 
 monetbsnert enfuingtbetimeof tbefojcfapDe requeft, it map bee rigbt latofull tbjtljefoje^ 
 nameofbucraigne pjince tbat notoeis, o? tljat tljen fo? that time ujall be(conuenient p?oofc 
 being firtt bjoupt, tbat tlje fojefapo rcqttett bab conuenientlp beene erljibiteo)to arrett fo 
 manp poos of tlje fapbe Spatter generall bis fubiects founbe in t^e IRealme of England, 
 asmapfufftcefoj tlje reafonable fatiffaction ano amenos of anp pcrfon 0? perfons bntufll}* 
 moletteb intbiS bebalfe; anD alto to Detaine tbe fapoe goot>s bnoer fafe cttttobie, bntillcon-= 
 Signe fatiffaction ano amenbsbemabebntotbepartteo? parties agpieueb. 
 
 p Item it is couenanteo , tbat befioes tbe fummes cue bnto tlje fapbe Spatter generall anD 
 bis fuccettburs in tbe beljalfe of bis fubiects botlj cf Pruffia anb of Liuonia (tobereof men^ 
 tion is mabe in tbe former articles ) tbere are Due to bee papeo bnto tbe fapoe Spatter gene* 
 tall anD bis fuccettburs , foj funojp otber Damages , grieuauccs, ana robberies againtt btm« 
 
 felfe anD DittetS Otber Of biS fubtectSOf Prufsia , namelp Matthcwe ludekentton , Arnold 
 Asihen , Henri Culcman , Iohn Vnkcltop, Iohn Halewatcr, Egghard Scoffe of Dantzik, 
 anb Nicolas Wohnerftcne of Elbing , Done anD tommitteD b^ tbe fapoe loueraigne Ring 
 bis liege people ano fubiects btwer-tojitten, euenbefbjetbe bate of tbefe p^efents, fo? tbe 
 full fatiffaction of tbe fapoe Damages , grieuances ano robberies , certaine fummes of 
 nobles beteafter follotoing. j^amelp Inprimis bpTutburie, ano Teny of Hull, Si.nobles, 
 tobicb SCt bue Unto p fo?efaiO Matthew Ludekinfoti.Item bp Nicholas Scot of Caleis tlje fonne 
 of Tutbury, ano Hilg of Hull, 256.nobIes, tobicb are Due bnto tbe fojcfapD Arnold de Afchen. 
 Item bp tbe inhabitants Of Scardeburgh, Blakeney, ano Crowmer (tobo IjaD one Iohn lolly of 
 Blakeneyfo? tbeir captaine) 1 5 6,nobIes, toljirtj are Due bnto Hentie Culeman afojefapD Jtem 
 lp tbe inhabitants of Bayon ( <KHljofe Capitaine toas one Pideuille) 1 2 j, nobles toljicbare bue 
 bnto tbe faiD Iohn Vnkeltop. Item bp tlje inhabitants of Plymmouth anb Dertmouth (toljofe 
 Captaines toere Henry Pay,anD William Gadeling) doo.noblestobicbarebuebnto tbefo?e» 
 fapoe Iohn Halewater, inrefpect of bis goobs bp tljem btolentlp taRen atoap. Item 534, 
 nobles to be papeo bp tbe felfe fame parties, being Due bnto tbe fapbe Iohn Halewater bp 
 reafon rijat tbep DetaineD bis ttjip from Ijim tb?ee monetbs anb mo « ", toljicb ttjrptoas of tbe 
 tartbinof" burtbenof tb^ee bunojetlj tonnes of toine, ano Ijao in it all tbe fojefapbe time fine ana 
 loa^onnm. fourtie fcruants maintaincb at tbe erpenfe* of tbe fapbe Iohn Halewatcr, Item tbat Sir 
 
 William 
 
Jien.^^Pruff.Qjfmbaff, Traffiques,and: Difcou . 
 
 .8? 
 
 William de Ethingham fenighr, tobo teas yicc-anmirall foj the fea, mutt bee fttmmoneo 
 to alleage a reafbnablc cattfe (fo? that the fapo Sir William tofth bis fertiants erpcllcn the 
 fain Iohn Halewater cut of fjte (hip foj tlje fpace of ftftecne napes together, ano toofce of the 
 goons ana birtuals of the fain Iohn to the fumme of 1 1 4, nobles) tobp he ought not to pap the 
 Fato fummeof 1 i4.noble3iinto Iohn Halewater afojetaio : tohich if hee lljall not bee tolling 
 no I able to alleage before the firtt of 3pjil nerc enfuing, t&at then bp the lungs autbojicie hee 
 mtfobecompelleotopapimcothefo^efrttaiohn tbcfaiu n4ttobles* Item bp the inhabitants 
 Of Caleis (tojofe taptaittCS ttierc Michael Scot.B'fhop, anb William Horneby) 1 oocunobles, 
 iMhtcharenuebntotljefo^efapoe Eggard Scoff, becaufe tlje faine foueraigne fting hathgiuen 
 them in charge bp the fato Michael Scot ano tlje tell concerning the papment of the famine a-- 
 
 filjefaiO* IcembpIohnBilisneere bntO Crowmer, 68, nobles, UJbich are DUetmtO Nicholas 
 
 Wolmcrften of Elbing. (HHhich fummes of nobles mutt bp the kings authojitie bee Icuieo at 
 tlje hanosof his fubtcttsaboue-mentionen, betteecne the time tljat noine is ana the fcatt of the 
 19urificationof ttje bieffen birgtne tojich (ball fall in the pecre of ourlojn 141 1, effectually, 
 to bee oeliutren ano papen bnto tlje fapb Rafter gcnerall j his latoull p jocurato?, 0? bttto jjis 
 fucceuourso?tljeirlabjfullp?ocuratours,atthcSitieof London.bpontbefeaCafojcfaiD, 
 
 3tem it is eouenanfeo that beGoes the fttmmcs fpecifico in the fojefapne letters obltgaton'e 
 mane in the behalfe of tlje fain foueraigne punt e.tbere are ntte to be paten bnto one Iohn Marion 
 of Wcrfingham latelp ncceafeo being in h'S life-time tljelicge fubiect of tlje fojefaio foueraigne 
 pjince loo.nobles of Englifh monep in regaro of ccrtaine inittries ann robberies none ann com* 
 mitten bcfo?ethe oateof thefe pjefentsagainttthefojefap&elohn, bp one Eghard Scoff fubiect 
 Unto tlje fain Cpaffcr gcnerall, foj the full fatiffaction of the faioe namages ann robberies to bee' 
 mantbntothe fain neceafen Iobri, his tofe, cbilo?en,heireS 0? ercctttojs bp the fato Egghard,his 
 heires, oj bp the aominiCrato?s of his goons at the time ann place abeue-menttoneo. 
 
 3!tcm tc is couenanteo^onBrmeD.ano pjonufco,tIjat fen all the tnturtes ann robberies none ann 1 a 
 tomrnttten agatnft onelohn Dordewantof Elbing, being in his life time fubiect bnto tlje fapn 
 SpttergencraII,bptheliegepeo8leanofubtectsof the lain foueraigne king the inhabitants of 
 Scardeburgh befojetbeoariof thefe pjefents; fo? the full recompenfe of all fuclj inittries 
 ano robberies , there mutt bee papeo bnto one Iohn Gruk of Dantzik eight hunnjen nobles 
 of Englifh monep, Upon the fcattof Catternertfollotongm the Cttic of London bp them of 
 Scardeburgh being guiltte ann culpable in this behalfe ; toho are bp nefinitiue fentence concern* 
 nen bnto the fain Iohn in tlje fumme of 8oo.uobles bp rcafen of the iniurie ano robberies afpje* 
 fain, Srceptthelatofullerpcnfesintljisbetjalfelapcooutrcljep arealfo tarebinnuetimefo? the 
 ffliie. Sinn therefore tlje fo?efapne connemteo patties (tojofc names are in tbe fentence againtt 
 them pjonounceo in this bebalfc,mo?c crp?eflp containen) muft mthemranc feafcn bp the hings 
 authoHtte be compelleo ano conff rainen reallp ann actuallp to obep the fojcfaio fentence, nar»clp 
 bp neliuering ann papmgbnto Iohn Grtlktbe ftnnme of Soo.nobles at the time annplacc aboue 
 mentibneo, toth teafonable erpences.teherein alfo the fain paries llann conoemnen, their lato* 
 fuHtaration being referaeo, 
 
 3ltemtt is couenanten ann granten.tfjat tfjc heires of Ho?o Hwirie de Percy tlje portger aftf t 
 tbep (ball comebnto latoull age, ann (ball hatte attainen bnto the poffefftons ano gooes of their 
 inheritance, mutt be compelleo bp the kings authojttie (iuQice going before) to mane fatifattton 
 bnto the great pjocurato? of Marienburgh totlj the fummeof 838. nobles in Itcu of rertaine 
 eojncanbgraine tojich the foje&io Lojo Henric,in the pcere i403,bcttr.ht ann receiucn of the 
 fain great pjocuratour, fo? tljebte of tlje cattle of Zwbcrwik, jntettimonte ann confirmation 
 cf all the tohich pjrmiffes, the fain Tedericus, Lefardus.ann Iohn Crolow.of tljcir certaine 
 knotolengts Ijaue put t'eir feales bnto thefe pjefent letters innenteo , in the p?efencc of the 
 aboue-nameo Richard Merlow,I6hn Kington, ann William Askam, commiffioners fo? the 
 behalfe of England. (Siucn at tlje Cttie of London in England tlje fuurtb nap of Dccember,in 
 tbepeercof ourlop 1405?. 
 
 Qj 
 
 Carta 
 
184- .ftoEhjgliili Voyages, Hm^Trujlian charter. 
 
 B 1404. 
 
 |Notat 
 
 ' • Carta Hen riei tjuarti Anno j quinto regni fui concefla merca- 
 
 tor thus ■^fnglUin fart thus Frufsia z DacU, 'Honcvegu ) Swethi£ i & Ger~ 
 manix.de gubernatorc inter ipfos ibidem couftituendo. 
 
 r,i.'. r 
 
 'EnricusDei gratia Rex Angliz & Francia? & Dominus Hibemiz omnibus, 
 I ad quos przlentes Iiterac peruenerint,faiutcm. Sciatis quod cum,vt acccpi- 
 ; mus,ob defectum boni & fani rcgiminis & gubemationis, diuerfa damna, 
 diffenfiones, grauamina, &anguftiz inter mei catores Regni nollriAngla: 
 ! in partibus Pruciz, Daciz, Norwegiz, Hanfz, & Swethizcommorames 
 * fzpius ante hzc tempora mota fuiflent & perpetrata, ac maiora exinde.quod 
 abfic, futuris temporibus verifimilitercuenire formidantur, ntfi pro meliori gubernatione 
 inter eofdem mercatores mutuo habenda mauus noftras adiutrices appcjnan-.us: Nosdam- 
 nis&periculis in hac parte imminentibus przeauere, & eofdem Mercat6res.& alios de d'x£to 
 re°no noflro ad partes przdictas venturos iuftc & fideliter regi & pcrtradtari intirne defide- 
 rantes, volumus 6c tenore przfentium concedimus eifdem mercatorib.us, quodipfiqucv 
 ties & quando eis placucrit in quodam loco competcnti &• honefto,vbi fibi placucrit, fe 
 congregare &vnire, &certas perfonas fufficientes&idoneasin gubernatoresfuosineifdern 
 pattibus inter fe ad corutn libitum eligere & obtinerc valeant'Iibere & impune : Dantes vlte- 
 rius & concedentes huiufmodi gubernatoribus per przdiilos Mercatores fie eligendis, quan- 
 tum in nobis eft.,poteftatera & authoritatem fpeciales,omnes & fingulos mercatores Anglicos 
 ad parces przdictas de cztero venientes & dcclinantes per fe vel fufneientes loca fua tenentcs 
 iegendi&gubernandi , ac eis & eorum cuilibet in fuiscaufis & querelis quibufcunque inter 
 cos in partibus przdt&is motisvelmouendis plenam &celerem iufticiam faciendi &quaf- 
 cunque quxltiones, contentioncs , difcordias, & debatas inter ipfos mercatores Anglicos 
 parciumprzdi&arummotasfeumouendasreformandi,ref6rmationemquepetendi,redigendi 
 fedandi,&pacificandi,&quafcunquetranfgre(fiones, damna, mefprifiones , exceffus , vio-, 
 lencias, & iniurias mercatoribus partium przdi&arum per przd;c~los mercatores Anglicos 
 facias feu faciendasredigendi, rcparandi s reftaurandi, &.emendandi, confimilefquereftitu- 
 tionesj reparationes, leftaurationes & cniendationes dc ipfis mercatoribus partium przdicla- 
 xum feu deputatis fuisrequirendi,petendi,&recipiendi: Ac decorrimuniaflenfunicrcatorura 
 Anolicorum przdiftorum ftatuta, ordinaciones, & confuetiidines, prout pro meliori guberna- 
 tione ftatuscorundemmercatorumAnglicorum in hac parte videbitur expedite , faciendi & 
 ftabiliendi, & omnes & fingulos mercatores Anglicos przfatis gubernatoribus fie eligendis 
 vel eorum loca tenentibus feu eorum alicui, aut alicui ftatitf;qriim , ordinationum, & confue- 
 tudinumprzdi&arumcontrarios, rebclles, vel inobedicntes mxta quantitatem delicti fuiiq 
 jiac parte rationabiliterpunicndi. Volentcs infuper orpnia iufta & rationabilia ftatuta, ordi- 
 nationes & confuetudines per dictos gubernatores fie eligendos in forma przdicla facienda 
 &ftabilienda, ncc nonomries iultas & rationabiles ordinationes per Unuper gubernatores 
 pradicloruni mercatorum Anglkorum de communi aflcniu corundem mercatorum pro hu- 
 iufmodi gubernatio.nefua in partibus przdiclis iuxta priuilegia & authoritatcs fibiper magi- 
 ftrumPruciz feu alios dominos partium przdiclarum concefTa, facias Siftabilitas, feu per 
 przdiclos gubernatorcs nunc vtprzmittitur eligendos iuxta priuilegia przdifla, fcualia'pri- 
 uilegia eifdem mercatoribus Anglicis per przdi&os magiflrum & dominos in poftcrum con- 
 cedenda/acienda & flabilienda, rata, firma & accepta haberi, & proratis, firmis, &ac- 
 ccptis ibidem firmitcr & inuiolabiliter obferuari. Damusautem vniuerfis & fingdis merca- 
 toribus Anglicis przdiclis tenore przfentium firmiter inmandatis, quod eifdem gubernato- 
 ribus ficeJigendis & eorum loca tenentibus in przmiffis omnibus & fingulis ac alijsguber- 
 nationem & regimen in hac parte qualitercunque concernentibus intendentes fint , confu- 
 lentes , obedientes & auxiliantes, prout decet. Data in palatio noftro VVeftmonaftcrij fub 
 magnifigilli aoftri teftimonio fexto dielunij Anno regninoftri quinto. 
 
 A Charter 
 
Hen^fPruBian charter. Traffiques,and Difcou* 
 
 A Chatter of King Henry the fourth graunted in the fift yeere 
 vf his /eigne to the Englfy Marchants-refident in the partes of Prnfsia, 
 Denrtiarke, Norway, Sweden and Gcrmame for the chilling of Gouernours 
 among themfelucs. 
 
 H£ nrp bptbegtaceof <0ODkingof England ana Of France, ano lojbonreland: to all to 
 tobom tbtfe pjefent letters iball come, fertDetl) greeting, Enoto pc, tfjat tol;ereas,accoj* 
 oing as lue are infojmeB.tlnou jlj leant Lf gcoo ano tifcrcetc rule ano gouernement, funDjp oa= 
 mages, firifes,opp jeffions, ano mjongs oftentimes Ijeretofoje baue bene mouco ana committed 
 among tbe 9g)arcbamsof ottrfangDomeof England rcmamiiTgin tbe parties of PrufTia, Den- 
 iriarke, Norway, t^e Hans iteeds,ano Sweden, ano greater bcreafter, tobtcljGJoo fojbio.are 
 fcarco to lie like to fallout, tonlefle toe nut to our helping fcanos foj t[)e procuring of better go-- 
 uememeut to be maiutaineo among the faioSparcOants : toee fceartilp oefiringto pjeuent tlje 
 pertils mto Dangers tobicb are like to fall out in tb:'s cafe , ano tfjst tbe fapoe S^arcljants ano 
 others tobcb (ball trauatlc out of Our faio Keatme into the partes afojefaio map iufflp ano faith- 
 full? be ruleo ano intreaten,toe mill ano graunt bp tlje tenottr of tbefe pjefents to tbe faio spar* 
 cbants,tbac tbr p map frcelp ano toitbout Danger afiemble ano meete together as often ano toljen* 
 foeuer tbep plcafe in fame conucnient ano boneff place tefcerc t brp ujall tbinke gooo.ano tbat t bep 
 map cboofe among tljemfclues certaine fufficient ano fit pcrfons fo? their gouernours in tbofe 
 parts at tbeir gooo lifting, 3uo furthermore toe giue ano graunt to the faio <& ouernours tobicti 
 are in fucb fbjc to be cbofen bp tl;e afo?efaio S^arcbants , as mucb as in tos Iictlj, fprciall potocr 
 ano autbojitte to rale ano goucrne all ano lingular tbe Cnglifl) ^arcbants tobicbbcrcaf ter iball 
 tome o } repapje to tbe parts afojefaio bp tbemfelues oj tbeir fufficient Deputies, ano to rmni* 
 Cer unto tbem ano euerp of tbem in tbeir caufes ano quarrls foljattoeutr, tobicb are fpmng top 
 o? (ball hereafter fall out among tbem tn the parts afojefato full ano fyccDie ittfltce, ano to re* 
 fojme all maner of quettions,contcnttous Difcojos, ano Debates mouco o? to be moueo bettotcne 
 tbe Englifli Sparcbants remaining in tbofe parts/ano to feehe reformation, to rtD jelTe.appcafe, 
 ano compouno tbe fame, anDfurthcrtoreDjEu"e,rcffo?e,rcpaprcano fatiffie alltranfgreflions, 
 oamages 3 mifp?tuons,outrages,totolences,ano injuries Dene o? to be Done bptbc afojefaia Englifh 
 Sparcbants againtt tbe S^arcbants cf tbofe parts : 3no to require,Dcmauno ano rtcciue tbe libs 
 teffitutions, reparations, fatiffactions ano amenos of tbe SjJarcbants of tbofe parts o? of tbeir 
 Deputies. 8no bp tbe common confent of the afo je faio Englifh Sparchatus to make ano eSablil!) 
 Statutes, ojDinances,ano cnffomes, as Iball feeme erpeoient in tbat bebaife fo? the better go* 
 nernement of tbe Care of tbe faio Englifh S^arcbants : ano to ptmitb tottb reafon acco^oing to 
 the quantitie of their fault in tbat bebaife allanoCngular tlje Engl.ih ^arrijants toljicb (ball 
 toitbttano, reltft o?Difobep tbe afojefato gouernours fo to be cbofen o? tbeir Deputies, o?anp of 
 tbem; ojanpoftbeafojefaiottatutes, ojoinances,o? cufiomes. S^oreourrtoeDoeratifte, con* 
 firme^noappjootie.anDasratifiecconfinneD.anD appjooueo s toee commanofirmtlp anoimiio' 
 lailp tbere to be obferueo all iutt, ano reasonable tt«utes,ojDtnanccs,anD ruflomes tobicb fbalbe 
 maoe ano eflabliOjeO bp cbe faio gouerno?s,fb to be tbofc!t,m fomte afojefato,ano alfo all iutt ano 
 reafonable o^oinancto maoe f ettablifbeo bp tlje late gouernours of tbf afojefaio Cngltfb J^at 1 
 cbants toitlj tbe common confent of tbe fapo S^arc^ants fo? cljis tbeir gouernement tn tbe parts! 
 afojefapo, acco^otng to tbe pjtttilegts anti rnttljo jitics noto granteo tonto tbem bp tbe gaffer of 
 Pruflia,o jotbet io^s of tlje panes afo?cfapD,oj tobicb Iball be maoe ano eflablifbco bp tbe afo?e« 
 fapo gouernours noto asismentionco to be cbofen acco^oing to tbeafoiefato piiuilcgrsbtrch- 
 ftjegraunteOjO? otber priuilcges hereafter to bee granteoto tljefapDe Englifh 99arcljants bp 
 tbeafojefspoe Spader ano lo^os of tbe&ountrep, anofttrtbermoje bp tbe tcno? of tbefe pje* 
 Tents toce flrattelp commauno all ano lingular tlje afojefaio Englifh Sgarcbants, tbf.t tbep 
 atteno, aBinfe.obep ano arCTtfr, asttbecommetbtbem, tbe fapoe gouernours fo to bee c'sofen, 
 ano tbeir Deputies in all ano lingular tbe pjemittcs, ano oiber tbings, tobicb anp toap map 
 toncerne in tbis bcbalfe tbeir rule ano gouernement. ©iuen in our palace at s;aettminiier 
 tonoer tbe teflimontr of out great ^>cale tbe fire Dap of lam in tbe fift pecre of our reigns* 
 
 A note touching the mighty (hips oflQrtg Henry the fift^nien- 
 
 t toned hereafter in the treat ie of keeping the Sea, taken out of a Chronicle 
 in the Trinitie Church of WinchcMer. 
 
 Odem Anno quo viEloriapotittts e [I videlicet AnnoTiomini 14.1 f.&regni fui Annotertio, 
 poll helium d; c/fgencourt, conduUi aFrancuvenernnt cum mult is Nauibmrecupcraturi 
 Harfletum, Sed 7{ex ^ingltt mijit fratrcm fuum lohannem Due em Btdfordit & zAn- 
 
 J2V 3 degaut£ 
 
iStf 
 
 Hmes maximx 
 Hcarici quiati. 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, Hen,6.Statjortrajf\ 
 
 degauie, qui pugnauitcwn eis & vicit,& Naues ccpit,& quafiam fiubmerfit-: ccterifugefunt cum 
 H'fpanis n ambus qui verier ant cum eis z/lnno gratia 1416. Sequent i zero Anno redierimtpoten. 
 tiores^iterum deuiBi perpetuam pacem'.cum "Rege compofuermt, & propter eommnauesfectt 
 Rex fieri naues qn,iles non erant in mania. "De his fie condutlis a Francis it a metric e fcribitur, 
 
 Regum belligero trito celeberrimus aruo 
 Gallos, Hifpanos, Ianos, dcuicic,& Vrget, 
 Vaftat; turbanturcarteraregnametu. 
 Naualibellobisdeuidli quoquelani. 
 
 A branch of a Statute made in the eight yeereof Henry the 
 
 {ixt^for the trade toT^orwey^weueland, Denmarke,andFynmarke. 
 
 ICem be caufe that the kings moil Deare Unclothe king of Denmarke.Norway ? Sweueland, 
 as tbe fame our foueraigne Ldio the King; of bis intimation bathbnt>erftooD,con&Dering thema* 
 nifols 9 great loffes, perils, hurts ano Damage lntjiclj baue late bappene d aftteli to bim ano bis,atf 
 to other foiainesano lrcangers,ffliD alfofrtenos aitD fpeciail fubiccts of our fats foueraigne lo?0 
 ttjc king of bis Hxalme of England,bp $ going tn,entring 9 paffage of fucb fc?ain 9 flrange per- 
 rons into bis realme of Nor wey $ other Dominion8,UTetts,tetri«ncs,iurifDictions 9 plates fub-- 
 oueo ano fubiect to hnn,fpeciallp into his 3lles of Fynmarke,anD cIfttihere,afttieH in tbeir ptrfona 
 as their things ami goeos : foj.efcbu.uig of fucb toires,peril8,burts $ Damages,anD that fucb like 
 (tobicb 60D fo jbiD) ujoulo not hereafter happen s our faiD foueraigne Lojo the king bath joemeD 
 ano tratutcB,tbat all ano lingular flrangers , aftocll Englishmen ano others nulling to applp by 
 febip ano come into bis l&ealmc of Norwey ano ether Dominions, ffreits, territories, iurifoic* 
 tiong,3lfles $ places afojefeiotoitb their (bips,to the intent to gctojbauc fifbo? atipotljerSpar- 
 chanDifes.o? gooD0,fl)all applp ano come to his 'Eotone of Northberne.tohcre the faio king of 
 Denmarkc hat.) fpeciallp oroatneD ano JfablifbeD his flraple for the concotirfes of Grangers anB 
 fpeciallp of €ngltibmen,to the ercrcife of fucb-^arcbatiDifes : granting to the faiD CngHbrtien 
 that tljep (ball there iniop in ano bp all things the fame fauour,p?iuileges ano prerogatiues uihicfc 
 tbcpof tbcl&ansDioetuop, Cbcrefore our fats fouenipe Loathe king toilling tbeIoue,affi-- 
 nitte atiD amities to be ficmelp obferueo, toljicjj betioirt bis faiD Uncle anD btsnoble progenitor 
 of goon mcmojp.theirKealmeSjIanDS.Dominions^eiteSjterritones.iutifDtrtions ano their faio 
 places.ano the fame our foueraipe Horo the king $ bis noble p?egenitours of famousmemorp, 
 Ins great men, fubiccta.Ecalmrs, lanDs $ Dominions bath bene of olD times hitherto continueD, 
 nor nothing bp our faiD foueraigne Lojd the king 0? bispeople to be attempteD 0? Done n herebp 
 fucb amities bp reafon of anp Diu"enflons,enemities 0? DtfcojDS might be broken: bp the aDttife 
 of the LojtDs fpirituall f temporally of the comonsof his faiD Stealme of England, atfemblcD in 
 this prcfent IParliamcntjbatb orDainco,probibittng that none of his liege people no } fubiccts of 
 foisKcalmeof England bp auDacitie of their follie pjefttme to enter the &calmes > lanDS,&ctmnt - 
 cns.HraitSjterriton'eSjiurifDictions $ places of tjjc faiD king of DenmarkeagainB vojoinance, 
 pjohibitioii 9 interoictioof p fame his Uncle aboue remembjeD, $ in contempt of tlje fame,i)p5. 
 pine of forfeiture of all their moueable gooos f impjifonment cf tbeir perfons at the kings uiilU 
 
 Another branch of a ftatutemade in the tenth yeere of the 
 
 . reignc of Henry thefixt concerning the ft ate of the Engl$ Mar chants in the 
 dominions of the king of Denmarkc* 
 
 I'ftem becattfir that our foueraigne io?D the king at the grieitons complaint to him maDc in thfe 
 parliament b^ the commons of bis realme of Cnglano being in this l^arltament is infomieD, 
 that manp of bis faitbfull liege people be grcatlp impoueriujCD.bnDone,^ in point to be DeflropeB 
 b^ the king cf Denmarke 9 l#slieges,tob"ich be of tbe amitie af the king our foueraigne JLo?D,bc« 
 caufe tl;at tbep Do Dailp take of his faiD faithful fubiccts the ir geoDs,fo that thrp baue taken of mar« 
 chants of S>ojk ano KingSfon upon lj?ttl gcoDs f marchanoifes to tbe bafcur of b,Sp.li.nitthin a 
 pcere,anD of other lieges j merchants of p Sealme of England gooos ^ cattals to the oalour of 
 )tr.^®,li,luherof thcphauenortmcDieoftbefatDfeingofDenmatk<:,no?ofnoneotbtr ) forafmtich 
 as none of them cometh toitbin the Rcalmeof England, nojnotbinghaue in the fame Eealme of 
 England,^ that $ gooos be taken out of the fame Sealmc : 1£be king toilling to pjottiDe rcmecp 
 fo ? his taio liege pccple,ha!h o?DeincD $ cttablifbeD, that if j> gooos of anp of $ faiD his lieges be 0? 
 fl;albc takeiUip the faiD king cfD enmarke oj anp of bis faiDliegcs.tht keeper of the P?iuic feale' 
 foj p timebcing, fljafl battc potocr to make to $ partic grieucD letters of reqtiefi bncer tlje pjiuie 
 fea!c,t&ottt anp other purfuite to be maoe to ar p fo? retlit tttien to bf habof $ gooes fb taken ? to be 
 
 t&ett. 
 
Tbspolitie of peeping tbe Sea. Traffiques,atid Difcou. I 187 
 
 tahcit. 3nD if rcGitucinn be not maae bp lucb icttcrs,tlje king our foucraignelojo Dp tbe aoiufe of 
 bis couufclfljalpjouiDe to tlje particgrteuco bis coucnable remeop.accojotofras $ cafe rcqutra!j» 
 
 Here beginneth the Prologue of the procelTe of the Libel of 
 
 Engltjl) politic, exhorting all England to keepe the fea,andnamely the nar- 
 rowe lea : fhewing what profite commeth thereof and alfo what worlhip an J 
 faluation to E»gfaf>d,and to all Englifh-men. , 
 
 lncipit lfb«rde 
 
 cultodia Maris 
 pralertitn ardi 
 inter Poueram 
 & Gall Gam. 
 
 Ttye trucpjoccfTe of dfrigltujpou'cie 
 i 
 
 ©f Dttcrusaru to fee eye tljts regne lt» 
 ©f our Englandjtfcae no man map ticnp, 
 3ft cr fap of footb but it is one of tbe bed, 
 3is tbis,tbat tobo fcetlj g>outb, Jf5o?t!j,^Efaft ann <KHcl)f> 
 Ctyvity Sparcbanoifr, keepe tbe aomiraltie ; 
 Chat toe bee Spatters of tbe narrotne fee* 
 
 jfo? Sigifoiond tbe great <£mperour, 
 HVxl) petreignetb, tofjen Ije teas in tfjis fano 
 C&ttb king Henry tbe 6ft, p?ince of bonour, 
 wjSSSSZ Cpcremucbgloip.asbimtbougb^be founo, 
 viii» i„ t er cite. 9 iuig:Iitic lane ioljicl) IjaD take in bann 
 3Jjft£S«£f ^o tocrrc in France, ano make mojtalitie, 
 9noeu£rnicll kept rouno about tbe fee, 
 
 9nB to tbe king thus bee fapo: (©pbjotber, 
 (iKCtbenbeeperceiueo n»o Conines GaleisanoDouer) 
 ©fall pour Conines to cljufe of one ano otljer, 
 Co keepe tbe fea ano foone to come otter 
 Co tocrre otttluarDg ano pour regne torecouer: 
 Keepe tbefe tuio Conines fare, ano pour S^aiellee 
 9s pour ttoepne cpne : fo keepe tbenarrotoe fee* 
 
 3Fo } if tljfs fea bee kept in time of toerre, 
 ZD,i)o can bf etc paffe touljout Danger ano woe H 
 SLtbo map efcape, tobo map mifebiefe oifferre *: 
 JKUbat Sparcbantrfe map fo?bp bee agoe t 
 3foj neecs bem mutt take tretoes euerp foe : 
 Flanders ano Spaine, anootber.truittomee, 
 ©? ellis IjttiD^eo all foj tbt's Jftarroto fee* 
 
 CberefojelJcauMraebpalittle touting 
 
 Co fijetoe at epe tbt's condulion, 
 
 Jfoj confetence ano fo? mine acquiring 
 
 Sjaintt ©on ano agepne atodton, 
 gUc."qidVdtui 9no cotoatoife, ano to our enemies confuttoit, 
 RetNaiii!gi" f*l &>«« $&& our tftoble fljetoetrj to me, 
 *.»;& mik: EiRj, §>b¥> ano s%>uicr», ano potter of tbe fee* 
 
 Sigifmond died 
 143 8. _ 
 y >- WAS Stcre 
 1416. 
 
 ueream,ponens 
 fuosduos digitos 
 fuper duos fuos 
 oculoi, aicre£i: 
 prater, cuftodite 
 iftasduas villas 
 ficutduosveftros 
 oculos, 
 
 teas comrij bp 
 Edward tjc 
 tbnti Anno 
 rcgni 18. 
 Quatuor confi. 
 derintur in mo- 
 netaaurea An 
 
 ' 
 
 
 diebus Britones *•*"*' v " 1 •"*«■ yutt-vy, it »p ut-nuiui, 
 
 mnoresatFian. iiilHja nare tccll fat» tijat lojcffjip ffjotttD take 
 
 SSiRKds: atufllafiap, tbougbmincbeartgtnnetotueepe, 
 
 •r-.li:... j_ ...n <7ir * *w- * *K.£_i •_.. . t. - i&i «-'■** ...... .t 1 . . ,V*. . r '"" 
 
 Quxdcfignanc 
 
 staTpe"' ^SShkk ben our fljips , tobere ben o«r fmertis become i 
 Mare.inquotum ©urencmtesbeofojtbelbipfetaibcepe* - -■'■" 
 
 3ES£!Z SlaB mmilt ha *tetb, it is benome, 
 
 ..''■■. 
 
 N°biieMt Vcrt & ^ 0Deet ^ 11) erke. if toeetotUeuertbee, 
 
 im pa , ni™™em. ^°? bcrp fljame to keepe about tbe fee, bnsWii 
 
 «3&SW !S>I)aiIanpp ? infc 3 u)!jatrobefjisnamei 
 
 dam a tempore COtjtC^ I)3tt) JC3oblCS mod) lecIlC OtttS, 
 Edwardi tertii - a w h CP XLmi > j* 
 
 An»iicierantdo- !5ceLojDot tee : atioirlemtngg to our blame, ' 
 
 tSSXf* S)top b8 ' talte S3S ' an0 fo ^akefaoe tbe notoetiS 
 vecordes,viai,& ©f ffittjlifl) ffate, ano oiffepne our bonours 1 * 
 M«obtSn* ^°? cotnarDife alas it ibouitr fo bee, 
 dumvdutoue., ^(jerefojc^ cjinne totojitenotoe of tbt fee, 
 
 CI 4 
 
 3 : 1 . ':• . 
 ; .'<-: 1 11 
 i] 
 
 fJ • ■ ■■ ■■ 
 Of the 
 
i88 The Englifli Voyages, Tbepolitie of peeping the Sea, 
 
 Of the commodities of Spaine and of Flan- 
 ders . Thefrji Chapter. 
 
 a 
 
 U3IHC 
 
 <ltul i£>pir, 
 
 sPrapncB, 
 XDbiu J&ftlW 
 feopr, 
 H9*tr, 
 3ron, 
 
 fflSotefell, 
 
 ftmttu, 
 
 J&flffron, 
 s&uicluBlufr. 
 
 KjSotoe toell ail mm that profits in certaine 
 Consmoctcicg calico rominmg out of Spaine 
 3nD S^ar cbanti k , to'io & toifl toeete tobat it is, 
 TSene jfiojg.lRaiBng, toineTSattarb, ano Datt'g, 
 9n0 Licojts, <§>iuillople, ann grame, 
 £Obiteli3aunH&opc,anBfflnarcignot bapnc, 
 S>?on,aKooH, (Kaaomolle,<8otefdI,iRu)feU alfo: 
 4To? ^opnt-mafeerg full neebefull bene tbep ttoepn : 
 Saffron, 2}uicftefilticr, tohichotone Spaine jpare|jan&? , 
 310 into Flanders ibippeo full craftilp, 
 Onto Bruges as to ber ffaple fap?c: 
 'Cfjc Epaucn of Sclufe birfipauenftnrjcnxpapie 
 CSicrj tg Clepeb Swyn trjo ftyppes gioing: 
 CQbere manp be tTels ano f ap:e are abining, 
 But trjefe Sjjjarcljan&eg tot'tlj tbctr ftjippe g great, 
 Sno fuch ctiaffar c as tbep b pe atib gee 
 35p tbe toepegrrmil neonate on rjana 
 ^p the coafig to pafle of our England, 
 35etU)irt Doner ant) Caleis , tljig is no Doubt* 
 KJbo can toell els fucb matter tying about 1 : 
 
 Sno tofj en trjefe rap a Sparcbants rtf cbargeo bee 
 SDf S^atchantuein Flanders nere tbe fee, 
 Cljcn tbep bee ebargeD agatne to itb SgJar chantip, 
 "Ebat to Flanders bougcti) full ricblp* 
 JFine clotb of Ypre tljat names is better tljan our?, 
 Clotrj of Curtrike,fine tlotlj of all colour?, 
 Sgtacfo JFuflian,ann aifo linen clotlj, 
 ISut iflennnga, if pee bee nottti?otf;, 
 *hrai« (lea ^e swat fob dance of pour clotlj at the fuU 
 gjPjgyjJ*' gee toot pemafeeitof our Englifh toon. 
 
 tEfjenmapit not finKein matmfetyapnt, 
 35ut that tt muff tljiB Sgtercbantrp of Spaine 
 ^otb out anb in bp our cotteg p afTe : 
 $ee tbat fapo nap in toitte toast line an aflh 
 COecujoulrirjaue peace toitb tbe grounog ttoepne 
 ^.faus if tbig fee toere Kept, 31 fare toell fapne. 
 «&t n»«flari* Jfo? Spaine ano Flanders ig ag eebe ot&er tyotfjer, 
 StmSmT 9m> «4« map toell line toitbout other: 
 mo jp lantew. cijep map not liuen to maintaine t&eir Degree?, 
 aSUtljout our Englifh commootcieg: 
 
 JHIolleanrj^pnne: fojt&ctooolle of England 
 
 feuttcinetlj the Commons Flemings 3 unocrffanD, 
 
 ^tben if England toouiobertoolle reffraine 
 
 Jfrom Flanders, trjigfbltotoetb in certaine, 
 
 Flanders of neoemufttoitbbg haw peace, 
 
 O?el0 ftjee ts oeffropeo toitbout leeg, 
 
 9lfo if Flanders tbus oeffropeo bee : 
 
 Some 90arct)an&p of Spaine totUneuer ptrjee : 
 
 fay oeffropeD it ig,ano ag in crjeefie 
 
 % be tootle of Spaine it commetb not to pjeeffe , 
 
 *B tit if it be coffeo anb mengeo toell 
 
 9mongft trje Englifh tooilet|e greter belle* 
 
 gb\ Spanifh toooQ in Flaundcrs D?ape0 iff, 
 
 9nb euer batlj bee , tfeat men Ijaue minse of t big t 
 
Thepolitie of keeping the Sea. Trafnque^and Difcou. i8g 
 
 
 Slno pet 2Uooll is one of tbe cbiefe 2@atcbanb? . 
 
 ^batlongetbtoSpaine:tobofototllelpte. • 
 
 3!t is of little bake, truff onto race, -•.;-._:• v.:.- ■ : 
 
 CECltt^ Englifh tuooil but if it mengco I»ce, . .-.;.. 
 
 Z\)v$ if tfje tea be kfpt, than berhen betber, i 
 
 .If tbefe ttoo lanos comennot togerijer : 
 
 &o tbat tbe /lecte of Flanders pafferuutght 
 
 € -bat in tbe narrotoe fee it be not bjougljt . 
 
 jntotbeRochelletofetcl)tl;efttmofe.tome, I 
 
 flev into By tonufe iBap fo? fait fo fine, 
 
 KJbatistljenSpaine? JObattS-FIaiidcrs aWto 
 
 3s tobo fapo.nougbt, the tb?ift is ago?*. 
 
 tfo? tbe little lanb of Flanders is . . 
 
 tlButaftapIe to other lanos ptois* • ."■ - • 
 
 9no all tbat grottietb ittFlantJjers gratne ano feeoe 
 
 9??ap not a Sgtonctb fmt>e bemtneate ano b?ebe, 
 
 iKCtbat batl) tben Flanders, bee jfierotngs lieffe ojtoch, 
 
 %\xt a little SGJabcc anb tflemiuj Clotlj: 
 
 T>v Diapering of ottrtoooU in fubttante 
 
 Kitten ber commons,tljis is her gottewance, 
 
 Mitbouttoicb thep;niapnotliueateafe, 
 
 Cijusmuaijcmacruir, o? bJitb be muft Ijaue peace* 
 
 Of the commodities of Portugal, 
 
 Tkefecondckafter. 
 
 \ '■' | Id -\ b ■:■■■;■■■ El 
 
 TI 
 1 
 
 "•Ipc S^arcbanop allb of Portugal 
 Top outers lanosturne into Tale. 
 
 Portugalers toith bs haue ttoucb in banb : 
 
 SOljofe^arcbanDpconinietlj much into EnglanA 
 
 ^bepbenourfrienbs.toitb their commobittes, 
 
 anbtoeeEngHftpaflenintotljeitcounttets. 
 tBMt,mp, ^erlanbbathtoinc.ffi&p.^are.anbSraine, 
 K&'rX; Jftgges,l£epfins,|[?onpanb Cojbotoepne: 
 6ont>«o?tic. Dates,anb&alc,i£ioe$,anbfucbSparcbanbp: 
 Kb«S. * anbiftheptooulbtoFlanderinaffeCojbp, 
 
 ^btp fijouln not bee fuffreo ones! net toipw, 
 
 jfo? firppo?ting of our croell enemies, 
 
 Abatis to fap Flemings toitbbergple: 
 $ote turn ^ojcbangeabletbepareinlijCtle toljtle,. 
 
 "Chen 3 conduce bp resfons manp moe, 
 
 3If toe fuffreo neither frieno no j foe, 
 
 ffiUbat fo enemies, ano fo fuppojting 
 
 Tpaffc fo? bp be intime of toerring, 
 
 sSctbottrfrienostoillnotbeuinKMfe ■„. 
 
 ©four binbjntg, if refonlcoe this clflttfet . 
 
 Cben neoe from Flanders peace beeto us fbugbt, ■ ■■-, 
 
 3no other lands fbouMtTke peace, bout nought; 
 
 5Toj Flanders is Staple, as men teU mee, 
 
 Co all nations of t b j iftianittc. 
 
 ..■.■.'■ 
 
 The commodities of pety Britaine, with 
 
 her Rouers on the fea, "ThetbirdCbspter, 
 ■ ■ 
 
 Furthermore to tojfte 31 am fame 
 &ometohat fpeakmer, of the little Britayne* 
 Commobitie thereof there, is anb teas, 
 
 &alt, 
 
ip o . The Eiiglifla VoyageSyThepolitie of peeping tbe Sea. 
 
 i 
 
 %t)t ISiltons 
 great Koiicvb 
 auD ■JLDuute- 
 
 - •■ 
 
 HiftotiaoRcn- 
 dcni qusm oidi- 
 nationcm Rex 
 Edwatdus tenuis 
 fecit contra de- 
 przdatorct ma- 
 linos Btitanniz 
 minoris,id debcl- 
 landumeosck 
 iubiugandum 
 Btirannos mi- 
 notes. 
 
 ^alt, anD toinc,c celt clotb anocanuap, . . . 
 SlltDtlje lartDof Flaunders fickrlp 
 
 Ss clje ttapteof tbetc S0arcljatttip» 
 
 Cttirlj ^arcljanDtc map not patTe atoap 
 15ut bp tlje coaftof England,thtS ig no nap, 
 3no of tilts 13 n't ante, nifjo fo trucrlj louts, 
 3re tbe greatefl roter? anD tbe gteatett tbeeiu*, 
 tztljat baue bene in rjje lea manp one pare: . 
 %\)*x. our OBarrljants baue bought full Here, ca 
 JToj tbep 1) aue too kc notable gooos of ours, 
 On tins fioe Tee, tbcfe falfe feiours ■ 
 (CalleD of Satncte Malo,anD e-BiBtobete: 
 (Kfttcb to ttjetr Dune none obepfance toiU bete: 
 €23tt[j fuel) colours toee baue bee binDjeo foje. 
 3no fapneo peace is caHeo no totree b*refo je« 
 CI) us tbep baue bene in Diners coatts man? 
 £Df our Engl and, moje tben reb carle can 3 : 
 3n Jf3o?folke coaftes,anD other places about, 
 9no robbeti ano b^nt ano ffaiue bp manp a rbtute; 
 9nD tbep baue alfo ran tomes Cotone bp ketone : 
 Cljat into tbe regncs of boS baue run ber {burner 
 Sllir b batb bin rtttb Unto rijis Kealme ami (frame: 
 €l;cp t bat tbe fe a iboulD Reepeare mucb to blame, 
 Jfo ? Britayne is of eaOe refutation; 
 9m Saincle Malo turnetlj bettttotep jobation, 
 
 AftorieofEdward the third his ordinance 
 
 for Britayne. 
 
 H€re tying 3D in a Cone to mee lent, 
 Cljat a gooa Squire in time of parliament 
 Cooke unto mee toe 11 to? it ten in a fcrotoe : 
 Oaf 31 baue commotio both, toitb Ijigb anD lotoe, 
 ©f Mjicl) aft men accojoen into one, 
 Cljat it toas Done not manp pceres agone, 
 TBut toljen noble Sing Edward tlje tbjiD 
 Ketpeo in grace, rtgbt tljus it betpD. 
 Jfo? bee baD a maner gelofie 
 Co bis C^archants anD loueo tljcm bartilp, 
 fyt felD tljetoepes to rule toell tbe fee, * 
 
 Gilberebp Sparrfjants migbtbaue pjofperitec 
 ^Dbat fo? Harflcw HoundflcwDiDbe mahen; 
 3mj great toerre that time mere tmDertaken, 
 bcttotrt tbe Using ano tbe Duke of Britayne: 
 2t laft to fall to peace botb tocre tbep fapne: 
 (Upon tbe toitb maoe toitlj conuencion 
 2Dur Sparcbants maoe bem reaote botone 
 Cotoaro Britayne to loaoe tbeir S^arcbanoie, 
 COcm'ng bem fh'enDS tbep toentfoojtb oolDlp: u . 
 3But foone anon our g^arcbants toere ptafte, 
 AnD toee fpcDDeneuer tbe better fo? truce fakf. 
 CbcploflbetgooD.ber naup anD fnenoing: 
 35 w tbeir complaint came Dnto tbe king, 
 Cbentorobe tojotb.ano to tbeDukelje fcnr y 
 9no complaineo tbac fucb barme toatbent; 
 I5p conuention ano peace maoe fb refureo: 
 JKQicb Z)uke Tent againc, anDbim ercB&o, 
 Hrljcarftngtljattbf mount of Sainfte Michael, ' - 
 
 9m 
 
 ;:? 
 
u 
 
 ■ 
 
 Tbepolitie of peeping the Sea. Traffiques,and Difcou. 191 
 
 aim Samct Maio tooulo neuer a Dell 
 
 15c fubtcct but o bis gouernancc, 
 
 j3o£ be btiDer bisobepfance: 
 
 3no To tljcp DtD initl outcn Ijim tbat DeeDc, 
 
 But biien tbc king anon Ijab taken Ijeeoe: 
 
 ^ee in bis berte fee a UiDgetrent, 
 
 ffftitbout calling of anp parliament, 
 
 £>? greace tarrp to take long abutfe 
 
 Coroutine anon Ijc DiDoemte 
 
 SDf €nglifb Cotones t!)jee,tbat id to Cap, 
 
 Dertmotith, Ply mouth,tl)C tlttCD it is Fowey : 
 
 anbgauebcmbelpeano notable nuitance 
 
 COitb inGffcncc fee tbem in gottewance 
 
 (Upon petp Brttayne fojtobaerre. 
 
 %\)o(t good framen tooulo no moje bifferre, 
 
 But bet e b cm borne aim mabe t Ijep niigljt not rotate, 
 
 Cooke pjifoners,ano nubc tbem fo? to lotote. 
 
 2nb efte the Duke, an rnfample toils, 
 
 ZHxatc to tlje king as be fitfl bio beuife, 
 
 Ipim crcuGng : But out men toooo 
 
 KJitb great poruet pafleo ouer tlje floooe 
 
 Sine tocrtcD foojtb into tbe Dukes lonoe, 
 
 3no bab np DettropeB free aim bono, 
 f' But tljan tbe Duke knetoe tbat tbc totones tt>;ec 
 
 » Sboulo Ijauc loft all bis natiue Count r if , 
 
 )£>e bnbercooke Ip furetie true not falfe, 
 
 Jfoj mount Michael nnb Saindlc Malo als, 
 
 9no otber parties of tbe lit le Bry wine, 
 
 ffldbicb to obep, as fapb toas, tuerc not fapnc, 
 
 Cbe Duke bpmfelfe foi all bib bnocrtake : 
 
 SJlttballljis berte a full peace bib bee make: 
 
 feo tbat in all tbe life time of tbe king, 
 
 Sparcbants Ijao peace toitbouten toemng: 
 
 ftttnum Regis fyt maoe a ffattttc fo j Lombards in tljts land, 
 
 ■SSSS&. ^& at ^ ^ oulD (n noe tttfc tafee on ^ anDe 
 
 it»cre to fababfec&ere to cljarbge and DtCcljarDge 
 
 But fojtte dapes, no mojt time bad tbcp large, 
 
 Z bts gooo king bp toitte of fucb app jciffe 
 
 Sept bis Sparcljantp ano tbe fea from mifclneff , 
 
 Of the commodities of Scotland and draping 
 of her welles in Flanders. The fourth Chapiter. 
 
 ' ©jeotter of Scotland tbe commodities 
 Lare jFelles, l^iees, anb of tQooll tbe tflcefe* 
 
 3 no all tbe ft mud paffc bp bs atoav 
 
 3!nto Flanders bp England, fbotb to Cap. 
 
 3no all ber tooolle teas b japco fojto fell 
 
 3!n tlje 'ftotones of Popennge ano of Bell; 
 
 CObicb mp Lojo of ©loccftcr toitb ire 
 AnaoDomini iTo? Ijcr falftjctj fct bpotta fire. 
 14js.Hcn.A14. avtopettbepof Bell ano Poperinge" 
 
 CoulDnmcrbiape bertoooll fojanp tljing, 
 
 Butifefeepbab Engliflitoolltottball, 
 
 ©ttr gooblp toooll toljicb is fo general! 
 
 jQeebefull to tbem in Spaine and Scotland als, 
 
 9no otber coff es,tlus fentence is not falfe: 
 
 See too?tbpSgartbant8 Jboeitbponpou, 
 
 M! 
 
] ipz The Englifti V oy agtsfTkepolitie vf J^epwg the bed] 
 
 3lhauetytslearneDpetoot totit tutjercano t;otoe: 
 $)etnotte the Staple of tbat SBarcbaiiOie, ' ' 
 
 ©f tyis Scotland iS Flaundcrs fchcvlp. 
 
 flno tye Scots bene charges fenotuen at the rye, 
 Out of Flanders tottl) little Spercerie, 
 9nn great plentie of tpabcrtmQjers <KKare,' 
 3trt balfeberfbippestoith cart uiljceles bare, 
 ano tufty TSarrotoes are laocn as in fubSancc: 
 <£bus mod moe toare are in bcr cljeuefance, 
 g>otyepmapnotfo?bearctbisFlcmii'h Imm. 
 Cberefoje if tocetooulo manlptakc inbano, 
 Co feeepetyis£i>ea from Flandersano from Spaine, 
 
 anDftom Scotland, like as from petp Rriraine, 
 3Hee ujoulo right foone baue peace foj all Ijer bolts, 
 5To?ti)Ct> mull neeoes palfe bp our Cnghlb coils. 
 
 Of the commodities of Truce, and High Dutch men, and 
 Eaflerlings. The fifth Chapitle. 
 
 N2Dtoe goe foojty to tye commoDittes, 
 Chat commcty from Pruceinttoo matter Degrees. 
 JTbj ttuo maner people baue fucb \>fc, 
 'SDljat is to fap, I[)igb Duch men of Prufe, 
 9no Efterlings, tobicb might not be fojbomr, . 
 ©utof Flanders,butittoereuerelplo;me. 
 5Foj tbcpb?tngintbefub£tance of tbe 15cere, 
 Cbattbepojinkcn feclctoo goob cljcpe,n6t oerr. 
 IJeehaue Ijc am ttjat tluo iflemtngstogioer 
 22M bnoertake o? tyep goe anp tobitber, 
 ©j tyep rife once to o;rinlte a jFcthin full, . 
 ©f gooo TSeereKin : fo foje tljep ball aito pull. 
 Cinder the boambeppiffim as tbcp (It: 1 
 
 Cbis commcty of coticnant of a too jtysetoi't. . 
 SiHttyoutCaleisinthetrButtcr tyep cakfceo 
 
 (EJljen tyep flco borne, ano toben tljep Icpfurc Jacket) >■ -•-'■-. 
 
 Coboloetyeiru'ege ) theptocntl;keasaHDce: . . 
 
 dJell toast oat Fleming that might truire,ano goe, 
 IF o? feare tyep tttrnco backe ano bpeo faff, 
 99p Lojo of Glocefter maoe hem to agait 
 SHity W comming.anb fought bnn tn bcr leuo, 
 9no bjent anb (lotoc aB be bab take on bano: 
 fi>otbatourenemtcsDuranotbioe,ROfflcre, ■ 
 
 Cbep fleo to metoe, tljep ourC no moje appearc, 
 EebukeDfo?efo?etierfolbaniefullp, ' 
 
 JInto her totter euerla&ng toillame. 
 
 , 
 
 .tf2otoeT5eereanrjT]5akon bene fro Prufe pbjoujbc 
 
 3nto Flanders, as loueo ano farre pfottgbt; 
 
 ©fmonrj, Copper, TS5oto-ffaues, Steele, anti &3ere, 
 
 \peltretoare ano grep pitch, Cerre, TSoarD, ano fierc: 
 V«t*.««"' 9nO ColIeynetyjeeo.jFuttiananDCanttas, ' 
 «o°iSntMMB! Cam, T5uteram:ofoloe time tbtts it toas. 
 
 i'"' 1 ^..^* Kuttye Flemings among tbefetbingsrjcre, v :s 
 
 Mrthtram! 8 ' 3!n common lotten heft TSafeon ano 15cm. 
 
 rorta» of ' a ^° Prufc men m * m i)Zt am,em:Ut * 
 femiet ano SDf plate of filuer of toeoges gooo ano fare ' 
 spettaii. 3ngreatpleiuietobicbtyrpb?inganDbpc, 
 
 ©Utof tyelanoSOfBeameanoHungarie: 
 
 JT&htch is increafe full great onto tyei? Ian3, 
 9no the; bene laoen, 31 totoerBanD, 
 
 ffli% 
 
Tbepolicie of/keeping tbefea. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 1 93 
 
 ([ilimjtuollenclorljaltmaiierot colours 
 "i5p tipcra craf ecu full Diucrs,tljat Ijcu ours. 
 Slnb tbep aottencure full great Ip tonto tbe Uap, 
 f o) rale ttjat is neeoefull ruttljoutcn nap* 
 •JLIjus iftljcp tooulo not otic frienb* bee, 
 ZL\i migljtligbtlp floppe tjem in cbe fee : 
 djcpfiKmlDnotpanVotirfltcemcstuitljoutcr.Icuf, 
 31 c toouto not be, but if toe fljouto hem grcue„ 
 
 Tl 
 2 
 
 Tl 
 3 
 
 Of the commodities of the Genuoys and her 
 
 great Caracks. Cbap.V. ' 
 
 ^eGcnuoiscomeninfuntyptoifeg; ... ; 
 
 into this lanb toitlj outers marcljanbifeg 
 31 u great Caracas, arrapeo toitboutcn latlte 
 CCtit h cloth of goto, filke,anb pepper blacbe 
 Btf>j,u^oftb. ^b e P tying tottb tbem,ano of [jcrooo great plentre , 
 ffilMl aDpIe,C£Koati afljen, bp ttcfiel tntlje fee, 
 Cotton,&ocbalum,ano goob goto of ©cone. 
 an d then be chargco toitlj tootle againe 31 toenne, 
 Sno toollcn cloth of ours of colours all 
 9nt>tbrpaouenture,asofteit botbbefall, 
 31nto Flanders toitb fuel) tfcmgs asthep bpe, 
 Cbatistbeircljcfettaplefe&ctrp: . 
 9no if tljep toouto be our full enemies!, 
 Cbep fijouto not yaffe eur flrcmes toitlj marcljanoifc , 
 
 The comodities and nicetees of the Venetians 
 
 and Florentines, with their Gallces. Cbap.y. 
 *tyt great ©aleeg of Venice anD Florence 
 TSi toell laoen toitlj things of complacence, 
 ailfpiccrpanbofgrolTerstoare: 
 S&lttbCtocetc toines allmaner of cbaffare, 
 9pes, ano 3)apes,anb marmufcts tapleo, 
 Jftifles ano trifles tbat little baueauapleo: 
 9ud t bings to 1 1 Ij which tljep fctelp blere our epe : 
 CGitlj things not mtmring that Tmtb^t. 
 fof muclj of this cbaffare tljat is toattable 
 Sptgljt be fo?bo?ne fojbere atto beceittable, 
 Sno tljat 31 toenc as foj infirmities 
 3Jn our England are fuclj conimaoitteS 
 CCIitljoutcn belpe ofanp otljer lonQ 
 cBhtclj bp tot tt c ami pjac t ife botlj pfounb : 
 Cljatallljumo^migbtbebopocDfurc, 
 SOfjtch tljat toe gleber toith our Cngltflj cure: 
 Chat toe fljouto Ijaue no neebe of &camonie, 
 Curbit, enfojbe, correct Diagreote, 
 Hubarbe.&encanopct tljepbcn to neebefull, 
 33ttc 3 krioto things al fofpccDcfull, 
 Cbatgrotoenbere.astbofe things fapo. 
 Let of this matter no man be btfmapbe; 
 15 at tbat a man map bopbe infirtnitie 
 Without Degrees fet fro beponb tlje tea, 
 9nb pef tljep fljouto creep t be anp thing 
 3Jt toere but fugre.trufl to mp Taping : 
 Cje tbat trttttcth not to mp faping ano fentence, 
 Let bftn better fearcb erperience, 
 3ln tbia matter 31 to ill not fertber p jeafe, 
 CCiljo To not beleeuet^lct bim leaue ano teaf*. 
 
 Itt ^buis 
 
ip4> The Englifh Voyages, Tbepolitie of keeping the /ea. 
 
 * 
 
 An example 
 ofdeceite. 
 
 vAw the fc galepa foj tins licking toarc, 
 9no catmg toare,bare bencc oar be tf ctjaCFarct 
 C!otb,tooIl, ano tinnc,tobicb as 3D fapo before, 
 Out o f tfjifi lor.n too?tt migbt be fo jboje, 
 JF o?ccb other lano of neceffitie 
 H.)aue peat neeoe to bup Tome of tljem t b?ce : 
 Slnotocrecetacof bemintotbiscotte 
 ©Elate ano cljaffare tljar lightly toilbeloue. 
 Stub tooulB 3!efu3,tbfu our Lojbig tooln 
 .Confioectbts bell botb pong ano olo: 
 #2amclp olo tbat Ijaue experience, 
 Chat might t be pong ttljopc t o p juoence; 
 OH Ijac barme ,Uibat bur t,anD toljat b i iterance 
 31 is oone to be, bnto our great grievance, 
 ©f fuclj lanbg,anb of fucb nations : 
 9s erpcrtcmenknotobp probations", 
 33p toutings as ciCcouereo our cotmfailcs, 
 9no falfe colour altuaics tbecotmtettaties 
 ©four cnimiea ; tbat Dot b be binoering 
 Unto our goces.ouc Eclme,am> to tbe icing : 
 9« toife menbaue Cbctueo toell at epc ; 
 9nu all ting is couloureb bp martbanDpe. 
 
 ALfo tbep bere t be goto out of tins lano, 
 9 no fueketbe thrift atoap out of our faanb: 
 9s the (EJafpe fottketb borne fro tbe bee, 
 &o minilbetb our commoo it ce* 
 jSototool pebereboto cbeptn Cotteftoolo 
 ©Here toont to bojroto o j tbep Ibolo be folo 
 ^crtoollgoooag forpercanoperc. 
 ©f cloth ano ttane tbep bib in like rnanere; 
 9 no in bet galies u)ip this raarebanbic : 
 Cbenfooneat Venice oftbemmentoollitbpeV 
 %l)tn btteme there tbe chaffare bp tbe peife, 
 9no ligbtlp ale tbere tbep make bet retfc. 
 SnQ toljen tbe gooos beene at Venice folo, ' 
 Chen to carte bet cbange tbep tljig monep bane, 
 "£bcp mill it profer, tbeir fubtiltie to faue, 
 Co Cngliuj marcbnntg to pcue it out bp efebange 
 'Co be papeb againe tbep make not Orange, 
 3 1 tbe rcceiuing ano figbt of a letter, 
 fyetc in Cnglanb,fcemu»g for tbe better, 
 bp foure pence Ie(Te in tlje noble rounb : 
 Chat ig ttoelue pence in tbe golben pouno. 
 9no if toee tool baue of papment 
 9 full montt b.tban mull bim neebes auent 
 Co eigbt pence Io&e, tbat is (btlltngs ttoaine 
 31n tbe ffingltfl) pouno ; as eft toone againe, 
 tfo) ttoo monctbsttoelue pence mull be pap. 
 31 n tbe € ngltfb pounD tobat is tbat to Tap, 
 15ut Ibillings three*: §>o tbat in pouno fell 
 fa) burt ano barme baro is toitb bem to DtoelL 
 9no toben Cnglift marcbantg baue content 
 Cbts cfebange in tfnglmw of aQent, 
 Chat tbefe bpb Ciencciansbauc in tooonc 
 9 no f lo^entincs to bere bee goto foone 
 ©uer tbe lee into Flanders againe : 
 9no thus tbep line in Flanders, Ibotb tofaine, 
 9nb in London toitb fucb cbeuifance, 
 1B&81 men call bfurp, to our lode ano binoerance ♦ 
 
 
 Another 
 
The politic of keeping ^y£<z.Traffiques,andDifcouenes. 195 
 
 Another example of deceite. 
 
 NSDto Icfien toeH Ijato tljep mane Visa baleps 
 KU ben tbep bojrotoeo at tlje toton of Calcis 
 
 3s tljep mere toont, tbeir toon tljjac toae {jem lent, 
 
 iTojpece ano pe re tbep (bouto make payment. 
 
 9.UD fometime nls ttoo pert mru t too peare, 
 {cj.iont.. Ons lunjs fap?e || louc j but pee mill pe becwe, 
 
 iOpoto cijep to Bruges toouto bcr tooll carie, 
 
 9no foi hem take papment to i itljouten carie, 
 
 9no Cell it fair foj reabp moncp in IjanD* 
 
 3Foj fifcp poimbs of moncp of lotTe tljep toolo not toons 
 
 3ln a tljoufano poimD.an o line cljerebp 
 
 ■Still t Ijc Dap of papment eaftlp, 
 
 Comeagainc inertbange : making 
 
 jf nil like ufur p,as men make b iroer c akin g . 
 
 'SHjan toljan tlji.9 papment of a tljottfano pouno 
 
 &Kas tocll content, tljep ftjoulo baue cbaffare founts 
 
 31f tljep toolo fro tlje Staple full, 
 
 Heceiue againe tbjee tbouCano pouno in tooll, 
 
 3In Cotttftoolb alfo tbep ribe about, 
 
 9nb all England.ano bup toitljoutenootibte 
 
 ?2%at tljem lifl toltb freeoome ano francbifc, 
 
 Sgtoje tljen toeiEngliuj map gittenmanp totfe* 
 
 35ttt tooulo ©ob that toitljout lengcr oelapeS 
 %\)tit galecs toere bnfraugbt in fojtie bapesf, 
 9nb in fojtie bapes cljargeb againe, 
 9iid rjfjat tljep might beputtocercafoe 
 "5to goc to otte,ai3 toe tljere toitlj bem uoe, 
 3It toere erpement tljat tljep bio rigbt foe, 
 9s toe boe there. 31fcbekingtoonloitj 
 9b toljat toojujip toolb fall to^ngliftj toto 
 CClljat pjofite alfo to our marcbanoie 
 SKbiclj toolb of nebe be cberiEfjeo bttttlie': 
 Jfo? 3 tooulo toicte.toljp note our nauie f apleth, 
 a^ben manie a foe bg at our boo^e aflapletfj. 
 3f3oto in tljtfe bapes,tbat if tbere come a nebe, 
 KUbat nauie ujoulo toe baue it is to D}em, 
 3in Denmarke toerc full noble conquerourS 
 31n time pali.ftilltoojchptoarriours i 
 Clthicb toben tljep bab tbeir marcbanttibettropeb, 
 ^0 pouertp tljep fell, thus toere tbep nopeb: 
 9nb fo tljep (f ano at mifebiefe at tbis bap. 
 Cbis learneo a late toell tojiton, tbtd no nap. 
 ®betefo?ebetoare,3I can no better toill, 
 3lf grace ittooU,of otbermennis perill. 
 #0} if marcbants toere cberiujeb to Ijer fpeebe, 
 Wit toere not Itfeelp to faple in anp necbe, 
 31f tbep be ricb, tljen in p jofperitee 
 s§)ljalbe our lonbe,Io?bs,ano commonte e, 
 9no in toojfijip. j^oto tljinke 31 on tlje fonne 
 ©fmarcljanbp Richard of Whicingdon; 
 t^bat loan tterrc,ano cljtefe cljoftnfloure ; 
 tJiljatbatbbp bint our England of Ijonour, 
 9no toljat pjofite battj bin of bis ricljes, 
 9nb pet lattetb baplp in tooubines*; 
 'Cljat pen ano paper map not me fuffice 
 ^>tm to befctibe i fo high be teas of pjice 
 
 3R. a 9uouc 
 
 JJtoUDiligJtlp 
 
 Mtooful com* 
 Jjl.imr of lactic 
 nfiiaiiicifnceb 
 come. 
 
 flfloileofot* 
 ftrnrrion nf 
 Dcnmstkc foi 
 beltnicnon of 
 tbeic mati> 
 tflama. 
 
 <ff)cpiapreof 
 
 Richard of Whi- 
 OnBtonlltat. 
 
 tbant. 
 
 h ' 
 
id? TheEngllfh Voyages, The polttieof keeping the >fea t 
 
 a Ootte marcbants, tljat fet bim one of the befi : 
 4 31 can no mo?e, but (Sod (jane bim in rcff. 
 
 Now the principal matter. 
 
 W^ac reatbnis ft tbat toe fboulo goe to oflfc 
 %\\ tbeir countries,? in tfcis iffingliffi code 
 "JZLhep Ojouto not fo*: but baue mojelibertp . 
 ■©hen toe out femes noto alio motte 31 tbee, 
 3 toouto to gifts men fboulo tafeenobeeDe 
 'Sbat lettctb our thing publicke fo? to fpeeDf, 
 jfo? ttjiis toe fee well euerp Bap at epe , 
 ©ifts anDfeffs fJopcttourpoltcie. 
 $im fee that fooles ben either tftep o? toee: 
 I5ut euer toe baue the to en re in tljis cotmtree. 
 ■Eljcreftne let bem bnto offe go here, 
 2D 1 be toe free to it h bent in like manere 
 3in their countrecs : anD if it toill not bee , 
 Compel! them tonto ofte.ano pee (ball fee 
 SIEtocb auantage, anD moch pjofite arife, 
 flpochmoje then 31 cantojite in anp toife. 
 
 Of our charge and difcharge at her marts. 
 
 C2Dnceitte toelherc, that Cnglifbmen at martes 
 be DifcbargeD,fo? all her craftes anD arte?, 
 3!n Brabant oftjer marcbanop 
 3ln fourteene oapes,atti ageine baffilp 
 3ln the fame,Dapes fourteene achargeD eft. 
 3no if cljep biDelenger all is bereft, 
 Slncn tbep fljotilo forfeit bee gooDS all, 
 ©jmarchaiiDp : it (boulD no better fall. 
 Slntj toe to martis in Brabant chargco beenc' 
 JKHitlj Cngltfb do t b full goob anD far/ je tt feene % 
 We ben againe cbargeo toitb mercerie, 
 ^aburoafber toare, ano toitb grofferie : 
 ©o tohicb marts, tbatCngliu) men callfapjes, 
 <Jccb nation oft mattetb rjer repapjes ; 
 «Englifb,ano jfrencb, LombarDS,3|ennopeS, 
 Catalones, tbeD je tljep tale her toapes : 
 & cots,§>p ania rDS,31 rifljmen tijere abioes , 
 Cdtitb great plentp bringing of fale bines, 
 Slrm 31 herefap tljat toe in Brabant bpe, 
 Flanders anD Zeland tnoje of marcbannp 
 31 n common bfc trjen Done all other nations : 
 <Cbis baue 31 hrarD of mar rtjants relations : 
 Sim if t be Cnglifb ben not in t be marts 
 tCbcp ben feeble,anD as nought bene rjer parts. 
 jfoj thepbpemoje,anD fro purfeputout 
 Spoje marcbanDiethen all the other rotote. 
 Kept then tbefee,fbippes ftjoulD not bjing ne fetcfc, 
 Sno then the carrepstoolD not cbioje ftrett|j : 
 9nb fo tbofe marts toolo full euill crjee, 
 31f toe manlp kept about the fee. 
 
 Of the commodities of 'Brabant and 2<r/Wand 
 
 Henanld and march andy carried by land to the 
 
 manes. Cap. 8. 
 
 Y€t marcbanop of Brabant anD Zeland 
 ©be £9ao jeans £SJoaD 3 tljat Djers tale on hano 
 
 Co 
 
Thepolicie of keeping tbefea.Tnifiiques,Sc Difcouenes. 197 
 
 (Bariickf, ©ni 
 
 OlU^tlUfiUj, 
 
 ■Co open toitb, ©arlike ano ©ntons, 
 
 Sao faltfiffje alsfo? rjufljanti ano common?, 
 
 "But tbep of Holland at Caleis bpen our felles, 
 
 3no toollcs our, tlj»ac <£ngltujmcn bem fellcs, 
 
 3no tlje c^affarc tljat €ngliujmcn Doe open 
 
 31 n tlje marts, tfj.it noe man map oenien, 
 
 2s not mnoc in Brabant tf;at cuntrce : 
 
 3It commctb from out of HcnauId,not lip fee, 
 
 "But al up lano, bp carts.ano from France, 
 
 Bourgoyne,Colein,Camcietiaftibffance, 
 
 "E-btrefoje at marcs if tljcrc be a rellcamt, 
 
 9pen fcpne plainclp tljat liflno fables pagnc, 
 
 31f Cngli&jmen be toitbojatocn atoap, 
 
 3IS great rebuke ano lolfe to beraffrap .- 
 
 Sstljougbtoefcnt into tlje Jano of France 
 
 Hen tboufano people, menofgooDpuiflance, 
 
 ©0 ttcrre unto fjcr banning multtfarie, 
 
 ^obenour^iigliujmarcbatusnecetrarie. 
 
 31f it be tljus aflap, ana tec fijall toittett 
 
 ©f men crpcrtc,bp toljom 3! bane tbis tojitten. 
 
 JFoj fapo is tljat tljis cartco marcbanop 
 
 Djatoctlj in tialuc as mttcf) tjcrifp, 
 aaHatonr 9s all rfjc gooos tljat come in fijippes tljiBer, 
 m mTottt pe ®*bM) Cngliffmien bpe mott ano bjcncj it tn'tljcr. 
 uioiAVniaa Jfojijer marts ben febcl,ujame to fap, 
 wfier. aJutCusliiTjmen tljiDerojeuebertoap, 
 
 Aconclufion of this depending of keeping 
 ofthefca. 
 
 TC?an 31 conduce, if neucr (0 mucb bp lano 
 SLtere bp carrcs bjougbt onto tbeirljamj, 
 3f lucll tljefea lucre kept in gouernance 
 Cbep fljoula bpfea fcue no Dcliucrance. 
 JHItce fljoulo Ijcm ttop.aao toe ftjouto bem oeffrop, 
 SspjifonerstoefijoulDljembjingtoaimop, 
 9no fo toe ujoulo of our cntell emmies 
 S^ake our frienos fo? feare of marcljatmiesf, 
 31f tbtp toerenot fufferto fo? to pafie 
 3lnto Flanders, 15ut toe be frapic as glaffe 
 9iiDalfobjittle,nottbougbtneuerabirj!ng; 
 "But toben grace fljinetb foone are toe lu&ing ; 
 20e toill it not rereiue in anptoife : 
 Hljat maken luff, enuie, ano tmetitt x 
 •Erponc me tljis; ano pee fijall footb it fine, 
 15cre it atoap, ano kec pe it in pour mino, 
 Hljm fljuto too jfljip onto our Noble bee 
 3!n feate ano fonne to lojo ano Sgaiettie : 
 iLitbe as tlje fealc tbegteatcffof tljis lano 
 SDn ttje one fioe Ijatb, as a onoerffamr, 
 9 pjinceriotngtottlj bis ftoero pojato, 
 31ntljeotber floe fittmgjfotlj it is in fato, 
 13etofeening gooo rule ano puniujing 
 31n tierp oceoe of England up ttjc king, 
 9no it is fo s (SoD bletfeo mougrjt Ije bee, 
 §>o in Uketoife 31 toottlo tocre on tlje fee 
 35p tbc Noble, tbatftocrcefljoulDbaucpotoer, 
 9no tbe (Ijtpson tlje fea about us bere. 
 2£Ujat neeoetb agaclanDtoljicb is mane of 3[uie 
 ^ijetocatatternetoineleKejalfo tljjiue W> 
 
 &i if 
 
id8 The Englifh Voyages, Ike policie o) keeping thefeai 
 
 fffgaufijn 
 
 nons- ■ 
 
 lombarns are 
 C'Hifc cnniujh 
 
 to !uin tilts 
 IanS,aIt(ioitg& 
 xtKrctucu 
 none otjjr t 
 tAute. 
 
 jFalfe r»lou- 
 mtgoFgooDs 
 bp lombarDs. 
 
 a las fo; babes 
 $ gift of hood, 
 fearts ft otfcer 
 means, riiat 
 flopycuouc 
 
 JJOllCIC. 
 
 <3Hns 10 the 
 berp rtate of 
 out tune. 
 
 3Itisamac 
 
 unions thing 
 
 rt.it fo great 
 
 a fkftties ana 
 
 ijiirtofplanD 
 
 inapfiaueno 
 
 temrDieoffo 
 
 manpastafte 
 
 hffclucs Uufe 
 
 menofgouer* 
 
 nance. 
 
 3jf men mere toife, tbc f renebmen ana jf ienung 
 
 ^hulb beee no Hate tit fea bp toerring. 
 
 Cljcnfipankinlpons fljulb notbefobolo 
 
 'Eo lioppe mine, anb (bippes fo? to boto 
 
 SUntoourujame. Spchao be beten thence. 
 
 9las, alas, Vubp bib me tbis offence, 
 
 4f ullp to fljcnb the olo ffingliib fattier ; 
 
 &no the p?oSt3 of England, and their names : 
 
 2Hbp is this pomer calico of couctife; 
 
 ffiltitb falfe colours caff befom out epes*: 
 
 'Chat ifgooomen callebmcrriours 
 
 EOoulo take in hatib fo? the commons fuccours, 
 
 "Co purge the fea bnto our great auaple , 
 
 9no toinnebem gooos, ano hauc bp the faple, 
 
 9no on our enimies their liues to impart, 
 
 !g>o that thep might their pjifes toell oepart e, 
 
 asrefonlDolDjiufficeana equine; 
 
 %o make this Iar.o hauc Iojofbt'p of tlje fea, 
 
 Cfcen (hall JLombaros ana other faineb f rtcnos 
 
 S^ahc her chalenges bp colour falfe offenos, 
 
 3nb fap tdcir chsffare in the Grippes is, 
 
 ants cljalenge al. Lookc if thts be amtBr* 
 
 Jfo? thus map althatmettbatte boujbttofoje, 
 
 Tj5en foone ercuret>,anb fatteo bp falfe colour, 
 
 TBctoarc y>ti men that bcrc tlje great in hanb 
 
 Chat thep oettrop the policie of this lanb, 
 
 3Bp gifte ano goob, ano tlje fine goloen clotljis, 
 
 anbfilke,anbother:fap pec nottlrisfoth is": 
 
 "Butifmehab berperpcrience 
 
 Chat tlicp take mceoe truth p?tuie Btolence, 
 
 Carpets, anb things of pjiceanbpleafance, 
 
 Sfthcrebp ff oppcb fijotilo be goob gouernance : 
 
 anoifittoereaspeefaptomee, " ■- • 
 
 Chan toolD 31 fap.alascupioitie, 
 
 Ehat tljep that baue rjcr liues put in bjeue, 
 
 feljalbe foone out of tmuning, all fo? meeu, 
 
 9nb Iofe her coftes,ano brought to pouertp, 
 
 •Chat tljep ujall ncuer baue luff to goc to fea. 
 
 An exhortation to make an ordinance 
 
 againft colour ofmaintainers and escufers of 
 
 fblkcs goods. 
 
 F£)? this colour tljat muff be fapbalofte 
 anobeocclareaoftljc great fullofte, 
 Chat our feamen tool bp manptoife 
 ^poile our f rienbs in tteebe of our enimies : 
 JFoj tohich eclair anbHoinbarbs maintenance, 
 ■Che king it nceoes to make an omittance 
 SEtith bis aCcunfapIc that map not faple,31 trotoe, 
 Chat frienos fijoulo from enimies be knotnc, 
 SDur enimies taken ano our fttcnbs fpareb : 
 %\)t rcmebp of tjem mutt be oeclareb, 
 'E.ljusmaptbefe?. bekfptin no fell, 
 ifo> if ougljt be fpoken,toot pecibell, 
 EBcrjauethc tttokes ; ano enemies fjauetljetoinning: 
 %\xt mapntainers are parteners of tlje finning, 
 (EOeliucmluff anobioe in couetife; 
 'StjiS is our rule to maintatne marcrjanbife, 
 9no policie tljat toce bane on tlje fea. 
 anb,but(Sob {jelpe,uU)iilno otljerbce. 
 
 
 5m 
 
 m 
 
 Of 
 
 
Thepolicie of keeping *^/a*.Traffiques,& Difcoueries. 199 
 
 Of the commodities oflreland, and policie and 
 
 keeping thercof } and conquering of wild IrilTi: with 
 
 anmcident of Wales. Chap.Q, 
 
 I! 
 
 [Caff to fpeafee of Ireland but a It'tle: 
 i Commonitics of it a mill entitle, 
 HpiDes,anB fifb^almon $>afee, iperringe, 
 3Irtu) toooll, aim linen clotb,falDinge, 
 Sinn marteras gocoebnthermarcbanm'e, 
 •fli.twiuins. gpertes ilpiocs,anootticrof*&enerie. 
 
 Srtunnes of Otter, &cuiirellannatitb hare, 
 ©f fbeepe,lambc, aim jForc,ts I;er cbaffare, 
 f ellcs of Kiones,ann Conies great ulentie. 
 g>o that if Ireland bclpe bs to keepe the fea, 
 Stecaaft the iKing clepco is Rex Anglis, 
 
 Sinn is Dominus aifo Hybemia?, 
 
 ©In notTciren bp pjogemtours: 
 ■She Jrifbmen bane caufelih-e to curs 
 2Dur lann ano hers together to nefenn, 
 •SDIjatnoenemie (bourn hurt tie offenn, 
 arelann ne ns: but as one commontie 
 S>houlo helpe toell to keepe about the fea: 
 3f o? tbcp fjatte battens great, ann gooslp bapes", 
 5§>ure,topDcaim necpe.of goon affapes, 
 9tSUaterfo?o,ann cobesmanp one. 
 9no as men fapnc i\i England be there none 
 better battens ,u)ips in to tine, 
 Ji5o mo?e futefo jeitemies to abinc. 
 22tbp fpeake 3 thus fo much of Slrelann"; 
 Jfo ? all fo mucfj as a can bnnerKann, 
 3it is fertile fo? things that there noe grotoe 
 Sinn multtpIien,loketobo lufttofenotoe, 
 S>o large,fo goon, ann fo commontous, 
 lEbat to occlare is ftrange ant maruailous. 
 
 m»ts of m. -ff ° J °f B' uer anD P toe $ Ere is the oo?e, 
 "««;«> soia Slmong the teiloearifl) though tbcp bcpoo?c. 
 jf o? thep arc rune ann can thereon no CfetUi: 
 <§>o tbat if toe ban their peace ann goon toill 
 ®o mpne ann fine, aim metal fo? to pute, 
 3n totloeariff) might toe fitme the cute, 
 Sis in London faitij a attcllerr, 
 8Ulj!cljb?ougbtfromti;cncegolneoo?etob8l)ere, 
 SEHjercof toas fpncn mcttal goon ann clene, 
 Sis tbcp tottcb,tto better coulo be fecne. 
 jftotoc here betoare ann bcartilp take intent, 
 9s pec toil! anfnsere at laff iungtment, 
 ®rjat fo? (fought atm fo? racbefljene 
 gee remember toitb all pour migbt to Ijene 
 ^o fce:pe Ireland tbat it be not lou\ 
 Jfo? it is a boteraffe ann a pott,, 
 Oncer England, aim Wales another: 
 (Son fo?btn,but etb lucre others b?otber, 
 ©f one ligeance nttebnto tlje king. 
 "But 3i baue pittie in goon faith of this thing 
 Hljat 31 (ballfaptoitbauifemcnt: 
 31 am afeme tijat Ireland toill be (bent: 
 3t mull atoep,it tool bee loB from bs, 
 Hut if thou bclpe, thou aeftt gracious, 
 Sinn gitte bs grace al fiougbt to leue beflfae. 
 
 til Ireland", 
 
 3f°? 
 
200 The Englifli Voyages, Thefolitie of keeping thejeaj 
 
 Sro) mucb t^ing in mp Ijerte is bioe, 
 
 mi)tt\) in another treatife 31 caflc to tojite 
 
 a&aoe al onclp fo? that fbtle ano Gte, 
 
 2DffmiIe3!relmt<»,imcbmigbtnotbefo?bojne, 
 
 15 ut if England were r.igb as goooe ajs gone* 
 
 (Soo fojbio tljat a lutlo 31 tin) toritlinge 
 
 <§>boutt> be cljofen foj to bee their ktnge, 
 
 9fccr bet conquette fo? out lafl pimTance, 
 
 9no binoetos ty otfjet lanos alliance. 
 
 C&ife men (epu.tuicb felin not.ne oouten, 
 
 Clj at tmlo 3jr ifij fo macfj of grouno baue gotten 
 
 Cbrrcbpoiib3,as likeneifcmapbe 
 
 Like as England to fl;eais tfao o? tb?ec 
 
 SDf tbis our lano trmaoe comparable : 
 
 s&o uiilo jrtQ) Ijauc toonnc onus bnabl* 
 
 gcttooefenOjantJofnoncpotoer, 
 
 ®l;at our grouno fs tljere a litle corner, 
 
 Co all Ireland in true comparifon^ 
 
 3lt neeoetlj no moje iljis matter to erpoti, 
 
 ailjicl) if it bee lob, as Clj?ift 3efo fo?beo, 
 
 ff ftretoei ffiUales.tljen Cnglano commetb. to o p> t 
 ■sriiiBtenoUj jrojalinnceof Scotland anOofSpainc, 
 to be gtMtip g n u ptljermoe, as tlje pctp Bretaine, 
 iMtei) ' Sno fob we enemies enuiron rouno about, 
 
 31 befeeeb ©ou,t(jat fome papers oeuout 
 
 S©utt let tlje faio apparante p?obable 
 
 Chus ctfpofeo toiiljout fepneo fable. 
 
 25ut all onelpfo? pcrilltljat 31 fee 
 
 Cbtts imminent .ii'o linelp fo* to bee. 
 
 9uo ojell 31 toottc.tljat from Ijence toRome, 
 
 9no,as men fap,tn all €\) jittenoome, 
 
 31sn3 grouno ne lano to Ireland liclje, 
 
 <§>o large, fa gooo, fo plenteous, fo riclje, 
 
 Chat to tljts too joe Dominus ooe long. • 
 
 den mee femctb tljat rigbt toerc ano no tojong, 
 
 Co get the lanoe : ana it lucre piteous 
 
 Co OS to lefe tbfehtgb name Dominus. 
 
 9tiD all tbis OJOJO Dominus of name 
 
 g>bttlo baue tlj: ground cbepfanttoiloeanD taWfr 
 
 Chat name ano people togiore might acco jt» 
 
 91 tbe grouno fubicct to tlje Lo^B. 
 
 9no that itispcfu'ble to becfubiect, 
 
 Unto tbe king tocl dial it bee oetect, 
 
 jtitljc litle bookctbat 3i offtake. 
 
 31 trotoe refon al tbis tool bnoertaue* 
 
 9uo 31 fcuotoeojel botoeitffante, 
 
 aiaa'fojtune begtmtetfc fo to fcant, 
 
 fflj ellts grace, tljat oeaoe is gouctnance. 
 
 jfo? fo miniujetib parties of ourpuilTance, 
 
 jntb-Ht lano tbat tocclefe cucrppere, 
 
 S^o^e grouno ano mo??, as well as pee map here* 
 «c!jia iDibe J] [. ert! amanfpcaV.c to mee full-late, 
 
 ii 1 ""3 the 4cftrlc i* 
 
 nformond tiwt ffiEItjtcl) teas alojo of full great cttate; 
 
 iriatteri flaclie ®-> an cr P £U ^ of one " ere 0one m France 
 
 uionia iinocw dacrno on men toeiltoillco of pttiffance 
 
 tfuft'tftd Cljisfaiogrounooflrelandtoconquere. 
 
 imc!i!i;oti. 9nB pet bccratfc England n%bt not foibere 
 
 uSSSE? ®&cfe faio erpenfes gao?co in ouepeere, 
 
 beawiisweo. ^uttuttacepecrejjo^fcuregati^tibpbwf? ^.*, 
 
 Ergo male. Je * " ^{gljt 
 
 
The politie of keeping ^y^.Traftiques,andDifcouenes. zoi 
 
 Spgbt tumne Ireland to a Snail conqucfte, 
 3in one fole pcere to fet bsallat rcfie. 
 9 no bote {bone tooloe tty$ be paieo agepne: 
 SBhitb toere it tuojtlj perclp,if toee not fepne: 
 31 tooloeclare, tobo fo luffc to looke, 
 31 trotee fttll plainclp in mp Iitle booke. 
 "But couetifcano fiugularitie 
 SDf oiune p?ofite,cnuie,crueItie, 
 ilpathooonrjsbarmc, anorjoenscuerp oap, 
 aim mutters mane that ftjame is to fapt 
 SDurmoncp fpent al to Iitle auaile, 
 aim our cnimiesfo grcatipooonep?ruailc, 
 ^battohatharme map fall ano ottectljtuerte 
 31mapbnnetbto?icemo?efo?fo?eofherte, 
 
 An exhortation to the keeping of Wales. 
 
 BCtoare of Wales ,Crj;ti!3lcfuniu!toia keepe, 
 ■Cljattt make not out chilners cbiloe to toccpe, 
 39e us alio, fo if it goe Ijts toap, 
 15p bnroarenes ; fetfc that manp a nap 
 S^en haue lice fcroe of ber rebellion, 
 3£5p great tokens anD oflentation; 
 <§>ccrje tljemearicstoitl) amfcreteauife, 
 9im helpe that tbep rtmelp not arife 
 5Fo? to retell, that Crjjtft it fojbeije. 
 JLoofee toel aboute, fo? (Son tootepeebaue necoe, 
 5Infaininglp, bnf epntng ano unfepnt, 
 ^hatconfciencefo?u*ougbtpounotattepnt; 
 KepctoeU that grotumc,fo?barmetbat map ben bfen, 
 2D? afoie 600 mtitte pee ben atcufcu. 
 
 Of the commodious Stockflfli of Ifland,and 
 
 : . keeping of the Sea 3 narncly the Narrow fea,with 
 
 an incident of the keeping of 'CMeis. Chap.io, 
 
 ^Ttirtrabeof 
 Mitrtotp to 
 
 Iflsad. 
 
 Of Iflandtotojiteislitlcneoe, 
 i 
 
 fltbc olb trabe 
 OfScaiborough 
 to mind AnD 
 IJC^OJlp. 
 
 '<§>aue of !§>tocfc-fifh: get fo?footb in Been 
 SDutof TBjifloijje, aim cottes manp one, 
 99en bauep?acttfeo up neole aim bp Cone 
 Cljitier toaroes toitbin alitle while, 
 2Bitbin tluelue pere,aim Without perill 
 (Son aim corners men Were toonc of oto 
 2Df Scarborough Unto the coffes Colo, 
 3no notue fo fele (rjtppes this peere there Ware, 
 Cfjat mod) Ioffe fo? unftepgbt tbep bare: 
 Ifland might not make bent to bee fraught 
 Slnto the Hawys : thus much barme tbep caught, 
 'Shenbere 3! enoe of the connnoDitees 
 tfo? turjir b neeoe is Well to kepe tbe feas: 
 €ffe ano MJeQc, South ano Ji5o?tb tbep bee, 
 9im cbicflp kepe c&e (barpe narrow fee, 
 TBcttoeene Douer anoCaleis : ano as tbus 
 that foes pafTe none without goooWillof ust 
 3no thep abme our Danger in the length, 
 SUhat fo? our cottis ano Caleis in our ftreimth. 
 
 An exhortation for the fure keeping ofQdeii. 
 
 A3$ofo? tbeloue of ®od, ano of his blnTe 
 eCberifb pee Caleisbetter then it ip, 
 
 &« 
 
202 The Englifh Voyages, Thepolitie of keeping thefea. 
 
 f 
 
 Sectoell tljereto, ana hem the gtete complaint 
 iCijat tnte men tellen, t^ac tooll no lies paint, 
 9na as pee fenoto that touting corometh from thence? 
 Doe not to England fojfloughtfo great offence, 
 "B tit tfcat recjefleait bee fojanp thing: 
 Icfte a feng of fo?roto tljat toee ling, 
 jfoi litle toenith the foole toho fb might chefe 
 SLIljat harme it toere gooa Caleis foj to left: 
 JMjat too ittoerefo? all this (£ngliu)grouna. 
 <LOhuh toel conceiuea the Cmperour Sigifmound, 
 Sbat of all topes maae it one of the rnotte, 
 
 C!)rim>ofsi 
 giimund rfte 
 
 thsXiw'uiaB ShatCaleistoasfubicrtbnto^nglilbcolIe. 
 
 Harflew to«B 
 loll iii the pcre 
 1+49. uithe 
 
 27. of Henry 
 
 tilt lirt[). 
 
 ^DicitChronica, 
 quod ifle Bdgs- 
 rut cundis prz* 
 (ieceHoiibus fuis 
 fzlicior , nolii 
 fan&itarcinfcri- 
 or,omnibus mo- 
 Aim luauirate 
 prdlantior fue- 
 tjc. Luxitipfe 
 Anglisnon minus 
 memotabilis, 
 quim Cyrrs Pcy- 
 fis.Carolus Fran- 
 cis Romulusvc* 
 to Koironii, 
 
 ibtnuhougljtittoasatetoelmottofall, 
 3ud fo tlje fame in Lattne aio it call. 
 Sua if pee tool moie of Caleis Ijeace ana fenowe, 
 31 call to to ji te toitbin a Utle fcrotoe, 
 jLtlte as 31 bnue oane hefoje bp ana bp 
 3;nctberpartcigofourpolicie. 
 JLoke Ijato bare it toas at tlje firfl to get; 
 9 no b^ mp cotmfrtl iightlp noe not it let, 
 jfoi if toee Iefe it toitb ftjame of face 
 COtlfullp.it is fojlacfteof grace. 
 Ootoc toas Harflew erica bpon,ana Rone, 
 Chat thep toere likelp fo? thought to be gone; 
 Jpotoetoas tttoatncaanacrieaoitin England, 
 31 make reco?a toith this pen in mp bana. 
 3it toas toareneo plamelp in Normandic, 
 ana in England, ana 31 thereon ata crie, 
 Sbetoo?IatoagDcfrauBea,it betpae right fo, 
 5Faretoell *Harflew: Ietoalpittoas ago, 
 jfrotoe toare Caleis, 31 can fap no better; 
 S©p foule aifcharge 31 l>p t^is pjefent letter. 
 
 After the Chapitles of commodities of diuers 
 
 landsjfhcwcth the conclufion of keeping of the lea 
 
 enuiron, by aflorie ofKtng Sdgur, and two incidents of 
 
 King Edward the third,and King Henrie the 
 
 fifth, Cbaf, 11. 
 
 NSDtoc fee toe toell then that this rouna fee 
 So our Noble bpparifomutee 
 •Unoer tlje (bin fhetoea there tlje faple, 
 9na our feingtoitljropal apparaple, 
 (KlitljCtoero ajatoenbjigbt ana ertenc 
 jFo? to chattife enimies biolent; 
 §>!)oulobe lo?a of tbc fea about, 
 'So keepe enimies from toitljin ana totthoutj 
 So behola th jottgb Ctj^tOianttee 
 Scatter ana to ja enuiron of the feet 
 aiUiuingmenfuch a pjmce toa?eea, 
 ©f fuel; a a regne to beeafera in aeca. 
 Shus p?oue 31 toell that it toas thus of 0IB1 
 tLlljicI; bp a * Clientele anon Qjalbe tola, 
 Eigbt curious :but 31 toill interprets 
 3t into €ngliu), as 3! &ta it gete; 
 SDf king Edgar .- © moC marueitouS 
 Pjince Ittting, toittte, ana cbeualerous: 
 S>o gooa tljat none of his p^eBeccuourgf 
 caas to him Uch? in p^uaence ana §maw, 
 
 
 fyc 
 
Hjepolicte of keeping thefea. Traffiques^nd Difcoueries. 202 
 
 ipee mas fortunate ano moie grac;oua 
 Chen otfjcr brfoir, ann mm glon'ous; 
 tyc luac bene tli no man in boHnes: 
 Spre ti.uTco nil in bcrtuouo froeitnes. 
 £Df Cnglilb Rings mas none To commenDable: 
 Co Cnglilj men no letfe memorable, 
 Cbeti Cyrus nag to Perfc bp puiffance, 
 9nO as great Charles Was to tbemof France, 
 9nO flji to the Romanes Wag great Romulus, 
 s&o Was to England this WOJtbpEdgarus, 
 3lmapnotWjiteniojeofIjt8Wo;itbine? ' 
 3f oj lacke of time, ne of bis bylines: 
 3&ut to mp matter 31 Him erempIiSe, 
 ©f conoittons twepne ano of bis poltcic: 
 COitbinhts lano was one , this it no Doubt, 
 9no another in tlje fee W tibout; 
 Cbat in time of ©Ltinter ano of Werre, 
 cCIben bopSrous Winbes put fee men into fere; 
 cdUtlwi Ins lano about bp all p jouinces 
 ^ccpaffeDtrjjoug^pcrceiuingtitspnnces, 
 Loro9,aub others of tbe commontee, 
 ZfiXljo was cppicfiaur, ano Wbo to pouertee 
 t£lasb?aWenaiHibjougbt,anjiWljo wascttnefolife, 
 Sno was bp mifebiefe ano bp ftrtfc 
 tilitb oucr leoing ano eruption: 
 9uti gooo ano baooe of eche contrition 
 Spec afpieo:anti bis numfterg als, 
 ZSUja 010 fraught, ano Which of bent Was fate 
 lipotoc the rigljt ano laWes of tfjc lano 
 ■JQereerecute.anowhoOttrlrtakeinhana 
 Co bifobep bis flat ttt es ano oectces , 
 3!f tbep Were Well kept in all countrces: 
 ©f tfjefe be maee fubtile inuefltgatton 
 SDf bis owneefpie,ano other mens relation; 
 9mong otljer was Ijis great bufines, 
 JHJell to ben Ware, that great men of riches, 
 Snomen of might in citie no? tn toWne 
 & Ijo ulo to the poojc Doe non opp;emon» 
 Cljus Was bee Wont in t b is Winter ttoe 
 ©n fitch enfinchtfe buftlp to abioe. 
 Cbis Was bis labour fo? tbe publike thing, 
 Crjua wasbecoccupieo: apafltnghoIplRing* 
 Kcitchionica 3Botoetopurpofe,mthe&oinn«rfat« 
 pr'c n pjm,'e r™ C na. ©f luflpfcafon.WbanclereD was theatre, 
 «> loSuftifliTO,. jjj e h at , reB j C fljipnes maoe befoie 
 
 liafnccnn: j n ©reat ano huge, not fewc but manp affoje; 
 
 Jti" Jfwll tb?ee tljoufano ano Cre huno jeo alfo 
 
 iniuum ad t«ro. <§>tatelp inougb on our fea to goe» 
 
 KrSTn'. ^> e Gfoonfetea fap,thefe fbippeg Were full bopffeoufc 
 
 citaiioncm cum Such tbttigs long to kings bictonou0, 
 
 *Z%3g? 3ln Nominee ttoe woulo bee baue in Worme * 
 
 <»iifBcuc:«, 9no in tttflome to be f ul reoie fbone , 
 
 <K3itb multituoe of men of gooo arrap 
 
 flno intttuincnts of werre of befl alTnp* 
 
 taijoeoulo hem Well in anpwifeocfcriue'; 
 
 %t Were not light foj enp man aliue,. 
 
 Cbus be ano fyiz woulo enter fljtppes great 
 
 Ifrabiliments hauing ano tbe fleete 
 
 ©f &ee werres,tbat top full Was co fee 
 
204. The En glifti Voyages, fbepolitieofkeepingthe/ea. 
 
 gmth a nauie ano Lojo of Sjjtoicffeei" 
 
 Cbere pjefent in perfon hem among 
 
 Co fatlc ano rotoe euuiron all along, 
 
 So regalliche about the Cnglifb ifle; 
 
 Co aU OrangerS terrours ano petile, 
 
 SUhofc fametoent about in all the too?l0 tout, 
 
 ttnto great fere of all that be ttitljout, 
 
 3nn erercife to Knight* ano his tnepnee 
 
 Co faim longing of his natall cunttee. 
 
 tfo} courage of neoe mud haue erercife, 
 
 Cbusoccupieofojeflhetoinofbice. 
 
 Cbis kneto the king tljat policie eipieo; 
 
 (rainterano&omerbetoasthusoccnpicn. 
 
 Chus concluoe 31 bp attcljo jitee 
 
 fflf Cbjomke, that cnuirontbe fee ., 
 
 &houlo bene our fubiects Unto the Sing, 
 
 9no bee bee lojo thereof fo? enp thing: 
 
 tfo? great toojfljip anu fo? petite alfo 
 
 Co nefeno his lann fro cuerp f oo. 
 _. . .. . Chat toojithp king 31 Ieue.Edgarbp name, 
 sctJcnonmin" 3nn all the Cfcorake ofbistoo?thpfame; 
 ^hKyTtabm™ ^affe onelp t&« a map not paffc . 
 
 lo^nn» aniojoeofmightiettrengthtillthatafap, 
 
 doadmoriSam' jf o^ bis merited ,hee toas toithout pere, 
 
 tSSSST" % to* f ° metime at hisl S reat ftftittttee 
 muitaiamqjpro- lSings 3 anD ^ErlejS ofmanpacountree, 
 S±2ST 9nop?incesfeletoere there p?efent, 
 ruit,*c. ano manp Lo»s came thiner bp aflent, 
 
 Co his toojftip : but in a certatnebap 
 
 Ilpee bab (btppes to bee rente of arap : 
 
 5Foj to bifit Saint lohns Church bee Iiff 
 
 Homing bnto the gooo holte TSaptiff, 
 
 |j?ee amgneotoCrles,lojns,attOknights 
 
 S^anp {hips right gooolp to fights: 
 
 aim fojhimfelfe anb eight kings moo 
 
 <§>ubiect to him hee mane kepe one of rfcoo, 
 
 3 gooo fbippe , ano cntrene into it 
 
 JLEBitb eight kings, ami ootone Din tbep (It; 
 
 3nn ecrje of them an o?e tooke inhano, 
 
 3t o?e hales, as 3 bnoerfiann, 
 
 3nn he himfclfe at the fbippebehinne 
 
 9s fierismanit became of kinne. 
 
 gmcb another rotoing 31 oare toell fap, 
 
 <HIas not feeneof ipjincesmanp a nap, 
 
 JLothmtbotoheeintoatersgottbe puce, 
 
 3n lanoe, in fee.tbat 3J map not fuffice 
 
 Co tell, © right, © magnanimitee, 
 
 Chat king Edgar banbponthe fee* 
 
 An incident of the Lord of the fea King Ed- 
 ward the third. 
 
 Off king Ed ward 31 pafle ann his pjotoes 
 2Db lantie.on fea pee knotoe his toojtbutes: 
 Che fiege of Caleis^e knoto toell all the matte* 
 Ulouno about bp lann, ann bp the toater, 
 cairiitoasp«!' § 0)X)Z i t jauet, not peeres manp agoe, 
 
 m '347. 9fter the battel! of Crccyctoas pnoe: 
 
 a lpotoe 
 
Sting BJward 
 t) ib 700 dig- 
 Mil ilnpr,^im 
 I4KI *?'igl(!l} 
 martin ra tic* 
 fajcCaltu. 
 
 CtjtbMtrllof 
 ScluTc bp i"c«. 
 
 Thepolicie of keeping thefea. Traffiques>an'd Diicoueries. 202 
 
 ipo toe it u; as ctofeu enutron about, 
 
 SDloe mm fa toe it, tobtclj Ituen , t bis ts no otubt, 
 
 SDlD Knigbts Tap tbat ttjc Duke of Burgoy n, 
 
 late rebukeDfbj all bis goloen coyne; 
 
 Of Q):p on Tec maoeno bcfiegingtbere, 
 
 tfo j toant of ftjippeB tl; at ourtt not tome fo j ft are- 
 
 3t load nothing beGegeo bp tbe fee: 
 
 %\w tall tbcp it no liege fo; boneftce, 
 
 (Sonnes aflaileo, but affault toas t bete no n c , 
 
 59o fiege,but fuge : toell mas be tfeat mtgi; t be gone; 
 
 Cf)is manec carping Ijaue knights ferre in age, 
 
 <£tpert tb?ougbage of this matter language, 
 
 IBut htng Edward maoe a ficge ropall, 
 
 9nD toanne trjc totone : ano in efpeciall 
 
 She fr,i toas kept , ano thereof Ije was lo p Q 
 
 %{)\\<i maoc be Nobles copaep of reco JO; 
 
 3!ntohofe timetoasno nauie on trjc fee 
 
 Char mic^t toithllanD Ijis maieffie. 
 
 13 arte Hof Sclufe pet map reor euerp Dap, 
 
 C;otoc it toas oone sicue ano got mptoap: 
 
 jt teas fo late Done that pee it knotoc> 
 
 Jncomparifon tut thin a utletbjotoe: 
 
 fa), tobicb to 6oD giue toe honour ano glon'e; 
 
 St 1 Lo?D of fee the kng mas toil & uictojie. 
 
 Another incident of keeping of the fee^n the 
 • time of the marueilous werriour and vi&orious 
 
 Prince, King Henrie the fifth ,and ef hit greats 
 fliippes, 
 
 ABn if 31 OjotflD concluue all bp tlje Emg 
 Henrie tbe fift,tohat toas ijis purpoimg, 
 Z&fym t Oamptonhe maDe c^e great dromons, 
 tObicbpaueDottjei: great fbipsof an the commons; 
 
 The Tiinine, the Grace deDieu, the holy Ghoft, 
 
 9no other moe.tohid) as notoe bee Iofi\ 
 (HHrjat hope petoas rije kings-great intent 
 ©f thoo fl-ippes,anD totjac in rninoe hee meant 1 * 
 3t toas not ellis, but tbat bee call to bee 
 Lojoe rouno about enuiron of tlje fee, 
 9nD toben Harflew ban ber Cege about, 
 Cljerecame caracks horrible great anD froute 
 Jn tbe narroto fee toillmg to abite, 
 Co ffoppe «s tbere totth multituoeof p?ine» 
 £©p to?D of UeDfojD came on ano bao tbe cure, 
 D fttopeu thep toere bp tbat Difcomfiture, 
 Cbis toas aftmbe king Harflew baa toonue, 
 <[a3ban our enemies to Cege bao begenne; 
 Cbat all toas Oaine 0} take.bp true relation, 
 Co bis toojQ)ippe, anD of bistfnglilb nation, 
 Cbere toaspjefent tbe king* cbamberlaine 
 9t bctb battailcsjtobtch knotoetb t&is in certaine? 
 $e can it tell otbertoife tbf n J: 
 9f ke bim, ano toitte; 31 pafle fooitb ha&tlp. 
 laJbat bao tbis king of I is magnificence, 
 Of peat courage, of toifeDome, ano pjuDence^ 
 P^ouiiionjfojeuiitte. auDacttee, 
 SDf fojtituDc,iu&tce ano agiiitee, 
 Difcretion,fubttIe autfeoneOe 2 
 
 ^Be great 
 
 ftipeofHenry 
 tjir Si";, niaDe 
 at Utiiuyton. 
 
 ©r?.ucar«ciia 
 DFGcnia taitrn 
 
 bp tilt Siatu of 
 JSrufojD. 
 
 141^ 
 
 Ctiefrenc^ 
 
 tiamethn»o< 
 
 uerthioiDfn 
 
 Xu,\e of Sue 
 Cunoirt) faitr. 
 
 & 
 
 Sttgmpcrancr, 
 
204- The Englifli Voyages, Tbepolicie ofkeefingthejfa 
 
 attempen-iue, )Qoblcire,ano tojojtvjtnclfc: 
 
 feci(nce,p?atoeQe,oeuotton, equitie, 
 
 ©f mod cttate, toitb bfa magnammitie 
 
 Ltd)? to Edgar, anO tbe faiDe Edward, 
 
 9s mucb of botlj hcbebemas inregato. 
 
 COljere toas on Hue a man mo je btctojious, 
 
 arm in lb fljojt timcpjince lb maruetlous*: 
 
 Up lano ano fea, ft toell be l)tm acquitte, 
 
 Co Cueake cfb«m31UBnpinmptoittc. 
 
 Cljus rjece J leaue tlje Mng toitb bis noblefe 
 
 Heniytbefift,toitbtobomaUnrppjocctte 
 
 ©f tins true booltc of pure politic 
 
 ©ffcafacping.cntenoingbicKm'e 
 
 31 leaue cnolp : fo j about in the fee 
 
 jao IPjince toas of better; ttretwitce. 
 
 flnt) if be ban to tbfe time liuea bere, 
 
 $e bao benelpjincenamco toitboutenpere: 
 Th.Trini.,>..b« Bpt'is great ftipu fljoulo baue ben put inpjetfc, 
 or«e dt Ditu, ^ n co tbe eitoe t&at be ment of in cbeefe. 
 
 the boly Gbott. f Q? Doubt (t ^ ^ £ljac , )e tooultJ ^ aue {j CC 
 
 Lo?o ana matter about tbe rotmo fee: 
 ano fcept it fure to Qoppe our enemies bene?, 
 aim tooune bs gooo.ano toifelp bjougbt tt tbence: 
 Cbat no paflage iboulo be toitbout o^ger, 
 ano rjis licence on fee to moue ana Oct re. 
 
 Of vnitie, (hewing of our keeping of phe fee: 
 with an ertdly or finall proccflc ot peace by autho- 
 riiic, Cbap,t2. 
 
 N©to tban fojt loue of Clmfr, ano of bis top, 
 Tiding tt England out of trouble ana nop; 
 Cafcc bear t ano toitte, ano fet a goueuianee, 
 feet manp toita toitbouten bariance, 
 Co one accojo ano bnanfmitee. 
 13ut to goootoillfoj tokeepe tljefee, 
 jf frff fo? toojfyip anopjofite alfo, 
 ano to rebu'ae of ecbe euill toiilco foe. 
 Cbus (ball toojfbip ano rubes to bs long. 
 Cijan to the N cble (hall toe eoe no to?eng, 
 Co be are t bat topne in Sgure ano in oeeoe, 
 Co our couragc,ano to our enemies o?ccoe: 
 jf o i tobicb ttjep mutt ojefle fjem to peace in IjafZe, 
 ©j ellis tbeir tbjift to ffanoen.ano to toafte. 
 ae tbis p?occu"e Ijatlj pjoueo bp ano bp 
 an bp reatbn ano erpert policp; 
 ano bp ttojtes tobtcij p?oueo to ell tbfe parte: 
 ©j ellis 31 totll mp life put in ieoparte, 
 ■But manp lonos tooulo feclje ber peace fo? new, 
 Cbeteetoelfeept : itmuftbeeBoofo?ojcoe, 
 Cbus mutt Flanders fo; neoe Ijaue bnitee 
 ano peace tottbbs : it totll nott otber bee, 
 SHitbin ftjojt tobtle : ano ambatlaoours 
 ftRoulo benebere foone to treacefej tbeir fuccouttf* 
 Cljisbnitee i$ to d5oo pleafance: 
 3no peace after tlje to erres bariance. 
 Cbe cnoe of battatle is peace fiftcrlp, 
 ano potecr caufftb peace ttnallp. 
 Kept tljaut&e fea about in IpecfeuT, 
 
 
 
 Exbon»tto gene- 
 nlisincuftoduim 
 totiu^ Anglii, 
 perdiligentiam 
 cuftodizcrcui- 
 tut maris circa 
 li'tot a ciutdem: 
 que debet die 
 pet vmnimitirj 
 Conliliaitorum 
 re^ii, &homU 
 num booc vou 
 lnatat» # 
 
 Tresfunl Cfufx 
 pi ediftx euito- 
 dix t (ci licet, ho- 
 nor, eommodum 
 regni t 3toppro- 
 ttiunBiaimicii. 
 
The politieof peeping the Jea. TrafFiques,andDi(couenes. 207 
 
 ©Hbicb of England isibe touine toall. 
 
 9st(jougb England toere lifeeneo to a citie, 
 
 9no t&e toall enuiron lucre the fee* 
 
 ftepe then the fra tljat is the toall of England; 
 
 9no ttjan is Englandfceptbp (Bobpes banbe; 
 
 <Ibat as foj anp thing that is toittjout, 
 
 England ttcrc at cafe nmhoutcn Doubt. 
 
 9tu>thusfboulDeuerp lono one toitb another 
 
 eentercommon, asbunber toitb his bjotfcer, 
 
 3nti liuc togitljer toerrelette in bnitie, 
 
 CG it bout rancour inberp charitie, 
 
 3!n reft" ann peace, to Cb?ittes great pleafattce, 
 
 SKKitbout ttcife.bcbate ana bariance, 
 
 ZSXiyid) peace men fijottto cntercbe toitlj bu6uc(fe 3 
 
 9nQ knit it CaDDdp holoing in boltnefle, 
 
 ■Ebe Spoftle feicb,if pe litt to fee, 
 
 15ce pee butte fo? to feeepe bnicee 
 
 2Df the fpirit itt tjje bono of peace, 
 
 Hajbtclj is neoef 11I to all toithouten lefe, 
 
 Cljeipjophct uftroeth bs peace ty to enquire 
 
 %o pucftte it, this is Ijolp nefirc, 
 
 2Durfi_o;o 3crt,faith,^leueomottctljep bee 
 
 Chat ma&cn peace ; ttjat is tcanqtu'Ilitee. 
 
 $0} peace makers, as Matthew tojitctb arigfcf, 
 
 gjhoulb be calleo tbc fonnes of <Sob almigbt. 
 
 (Boo giue us grace, the toepes ft? to keepe 
 
 Of bis precepts, ant) tTuglp not to flcepe 
 
 3nfbame of feme: that ouruerrpfoo 
 
 Slight be to bs conucrs, am> turtles ft. 
 
 jFojin theProucrbsisa tertto tljtspurpofe 
 
 Paine inough toithout anpglofr: 
 
 JKHben mens toepes pleafc bnto our Ho jn, 
 
 3It fijall conuert ano tying to accojb 
 
 Spans enemies bnto peace berrap, 
 
 3In bnitie, to liue to tSobbispap, 
 
 SOitb bnitie,peace,rett ann cbaritie, 
 
 $ce that toas here clabbc in humanitie, 
 
 Chat came from heatten, tm ftpca up ttitf) our nature, 
 
 H>i bee afteaaeti, be pane to bs cure, 
 
 9nolefttoith bs peace, agepne ffriffe ann Debate, 
 
 Spotc giue bspeace , fo toell rrranicate 
 
 Ipere in this toojto : tljat after all tbis telle 
 
 (HHee map rjatte peace in the lanu of bebelle, 
 
 31erufalem,tobich of peace is tbe fight, 
 
 fflLtitb bis b?igbtnes of eternalllight, 
 
 Chere gloufieb in refttoith bis tuition, 
 
 Che Dcltie to fee toitlj full fruition: 
 
 8?ee feconnperibninoiuinenefie is, 
 
 ECtho us auume,anD bung bs to the Olis , Amen. 
 
 Here endeth the trueprocefle of the Libel of 
 
 Englilhpolicie, exhorting all England to keepe 
 
 the fea enuiron: [hewing what profit and falnation, 
 with worfhip commeth thereof to the 
 reigne of England. 
 
 G2De furth Libelle,ann meefcelp tbem tbp face; 
 appearing euer toitb humble couutenance: 
 Stopgap mp JLo jds totafce in grace, 
 
 Eplirf.4.. Sollicitl 
 fidsfeniarevni- 
 tatem (pirirus in 
 
 Tioculo pads. 
 
 Mattb.j.Eeati 
 pacilk'i, quoniaiD 
 
 buotur. 
 
 Cum plieuerinc 
 Domino vis ho. 
 minis, citis inimi* 
 cos ad paccm 
 (OWKCICb 
 
 Vrbslxauleto. 
 falcmdiaa pacts 
 vifio, 
 
F 
 
 208 TheEnglifti Voyages, Ed./\.. Marcb.aduent. patent. 
 
 Jn oppofatle ana cberifljitig tfje aouance, 
 'Eo Ijattrineg if tbat not bartance 
 ^an baft fro trcugbt bp full experience 
 autrjojjS anoreafonjs ; if ougbtfaile in fubffance 
 aSemit to bem that pafe tljee tljis ftience; 
 %\)&t fetb it is fotlj in berrap faptlj, 
 ■?rijetoiftioj& Crjat tbetoifeJLojoTSaronof Hungerford 
 
 lijisDOQiw. Crjattrjou art true, ana thug bee ooctbrecojii, 
 jftert trje ©ofpcl ; (Sou tootte it toass bis toojoe, 
 JObcn Ijee tbee reoDe all ouer in a nigbt, 
 ©oefojttj treto booke.ano eCbnu" ocfeno t&p rtgljt* 
 
 Explicit hbellw ie Politia conferuatitta maris, 
 
 - 
 
 A large Charter granted by K.Edward the 4 in the fecond yere of 
 
 his reigne,to the marchants of England refident efpecially in the Nc- 
 
 ther land for their chupng of a mafter andgouernor among themftlucs ,\i hith go- • 
 ucrnement was firii appointed vnio one William Obray i with expreffc 
 mention, what authorise he thou] j haue. 
 
 j , 6 2 y O> OVg P^»Dward bp the grace of ©OD king of France, ? of England,? lojO of Ireland, to 
 ''M al tljofe toljicl) ffja! fee 0? tjeare tljt fe icttLtB, fensetl) greeting:,? goon UitLISnoU] 
 
 pe,tbat toljereas toe baue bnteruooo, as tocll bp tlje repojt of ourtouing ann 
 |faitbfullCounfcllG?8,as bp %%. common complaint ann repo?tof all men, tbat 
 I manp tjetationSjgriefSjtictiateSjDtfcojtisijannopeiSjDttrtntionjSjf oamages,b«ue 
 ' ljeretofo?e bene oone,moueo ,committeo,ftro bappeneo.ano no oailp fal cut ana 
 bappen among tbe common marcbants ? mariners,our fubiects of our realmes of France ? Eng- 
 land,? ourlojofbtps of Ireland ano Wales,? of otber our Dominions ,f£igneuriei&,anD territories, 
 becaufc tbat gooooifcretion ?nu atttbo^itp batb not bin obferueo among our faioewbiects, tobiclj 
 abiDe,freque«t,conuei:Ce,remain,inbabit,f pau"e,aftoel bp fea a? bp lario,into £parts of Brabant, 
 Flande^Henaul^HollandjZeland.anDOiucrsocber countreis ? fcignettrtes belonging aftoell 
 to tbe Ijt'gb ano mtgbtp pjince ,our mote ucere ano louing coufin y Duke of Burgoine,of Brabant, 
 earleofFlandcrs,&c.asbeingintbeobttiimce?Domin(onofotrjerlojBg,tobicbarcmfrifWj(bip, 
 alliance,? goon toil toitb bs: ant) ttjat it is to be Doubt o tljat tb^ttgb tbefaioe inconucnicncc ann 
 occaScn,manp oifcommoDtties map tnfue ? fal out in time to come (tobicb <8oo fojbto>nlestoe 
 IboulD pjouiue conuenicnt rnnetite in tbis bebalfe Ft? our fubiects afojefaio : toberefoje toetjeC^ 
 ring mott effectuallp ano beartilp to auoioe tlje mifcluefe of tbe faicc inconuem'ences _? to p joutoe 
 conucnient remettp fo? tbe fame,to tbe tno tbat tbe fain common marcbants ano mariners ano o-^ 
 tljers our fubiects of our faio realms ? Dominions,toljicb at tbis pjefent ? tjeceafeer ffjal batmt ana 
 frequent $ faio countreis,map be tuftlp ? latofttllp ruIe8,goucrneD,ano intreateb bp rigbt ? cqut= 
 tp in tbe cotttitrcis afo?ciattt,antj tbat equitp,reafon,?tuRice map be miniflrcB bnto tbem ano ette« 
 rp of tbcm,acco?tiing as tbe cafes Gjal reqmre,toe being toe! affureo anb bauing ful confioence, in 
 tbe Dtfcretion,faitbfuInes,tot(bomc,crpencnce, ? goorj Diligence of our mott neare ? todbtlouto 
 fubicctWill.Obrayoutferuant,?inregaro of tbegooD,faitbfull,anD acceptable feruice0,tobiclj 
 be batb none bsin our realm ?among our fubiects in times paft,? boping tbat be toil bo alfobere 6 
 after,toe baue mace, ojrjaineBjConmtuceD.committeOjana ettablitbeDjanb bp tbe tenottc of tbefe 
 p?efent3,of our fpecial grace, fttlpotoer,? autbontp ropalI,toe o?oaiue,appoint,commit, anb tfla« 
 blifb/Duringourpleafurejtobegouernoj.tuoge^toarticnofiufticcanbtbe appurtenance? ? ap« 
 pentiaiicestberofjtobicb toe baueo? map baue ouer ourfaio common fubiects tbe marcbants tra* 
 uailing bcreafter au toel bp fea as bp lanD.anu abiomg intlje faio countries of BtabantjFlanders, 
 Henault,Holland,Zeland,anb otber countreis bcponD tlje fea,as is afojefatoe,togetber toitrj tbe 
 toages.ngbts.pjofitB^nnentoIumentsberetofojeaccuilcmcD.fastbefaiDWill.Obrayatotber 
 times batb bao ano recciucu of our faio fubiects,tobc n be bao^fen, ano crercifeo tbe faio office of 
 gouemo j,?alfo toitb ott/er fuclj rigrjtis ano p^ofitfi.as bcreafctr ftal mojeplainlp be oeclareo.9na 
 furtbennoje fo? ourpartstoebaue giuen bim,ano bp trjete pjiefents oo gtuc bim,aj! mtttb as in b* 
 lictb,ouring our pleafure,ful potoer.autbo^itp^ano fpecial commanocment,to gouerne,rule,ano 
 caufc to be gottcrneo ano ruleo toitb gooo iuttice bp bimfelfie, o? by tys fufficient liettetenants o? 
 oeputtes.all ano ctterp our fo?efato fubiects ftre common marcbants? mariners comrnfng,remai« 
 niug,frequentmg,pafting, ?repairingfrombeiKefo?tb into tljefaio countreis of Brabant,FIan- 
 
 ders, 
 
Ed. 4-. Mar. aduen. patent, TWKques.,<3c Difcouenes. 2op 
 
 deis,Heiiauk J Hol]aiid ) Zeland i ajUj ctljer couiitrepesbepono the fra,ap tt is Faio 3 anii to fceepano 
 caufc to be fee pt,to ecercife aim maintcitt,fc j us ano in our place.tbe faio office of gouernout.ano 
 to Doe all fuel) tbinjs tobicb afaft&full gouernour ought to oo.atm to tahe hnotoleogc ano aomini* 
 fftation of the cauCes of the fain common marcbants ano matincrs,our fubiects, ami of cwerp of 
 tbem,ano of tbeir caufcp ano quatrels moue^o ? bereaftcc to bematteD in tbe countreis afo jefaio, 
 ojtoitbituf^ limits $bo?Decseberof,ano to ooetbemfull 9 fpee&p iuttitt, 3no to refojme, caule 
 raojmattoit,goucwe,appeafe,anD pacific all cont?ntion8,Difcoms,que(rions,o? Debates bettoeen 
 tljofeour faio fubiects moueo,oj to moueo j ano to n'glitj rea jciTp, repaire,, reffoje, ano ameno all 
 tranfgreu"ions,oomages,enterp£tfes,outrages,uiolences aim iniurics rommitteo,o j to be coinit» 
 teo:ano Iifcetoife (0 require,to af&c,DemanD,anDrec£iue,rem'tutions,tcparations,rcttaurcttons, 
 anu amenos of out fain fubiects the common marcbants $ mariners,o j of their factors in tbe coii* 
 tceis afojefaio, 9no tI)at,\uljc«fbCHer aim as often as it fijal pleafe the faio gouerno? c} bis Depu- 
 ttcs.thep map in fome conueuient ana IjoneB place toitljin t!je fain countreis make 0? cattfe to be 
 ntaoe,{bman ) ano holo in our name umfbicttons J courts.,anD affetniiUes:anij in our faio name tafce 
 aominiflration ane knotoleoge of cautcjs, as it is afo jefaite, anu to bolo ano Rcepe pleas, faj ana 
 inottrbtbalfc, anotomafeeagreements,meotatours,ano umpires, to iuoge, to make Decrees', 
 aim to minittcr iufltce , to o^oaine, appcine.ccnfure, anu comlraine our faioe fubiects to fine are 
 am> tafte all nino of oatbes, tobicb omerof ittffire ano cuttome squire ano affoome, ano to entop 
 ourautbo^tte,anDtobfe 5 etccuteanDaccompIiuj,bpinapofequitit anoittffice, ano toooe, 0? 
 taufe to be Done all erecution ano erercife of lato ano iuttice; ano to omain,appct;it,flf cflabliu) fire 
 fergeants ojUtmer,to ooetbe executions 9 arretlsof our faio courts? tbe commanocment oftlje 
 faiD goucrnoutojofbis Deputies, ojattbereqiKtrof the partieojochertoile, accoming as tlje 
 cafe (ball require bp their acuife, anD to oifebarge ano Difplace tbe faio fergeants,as (ijall feeme 
 gooD bnto bim,as often anD tobenloeuer as it (ball pleafe him, ano change tijem, anD appoint ano 
 fet otbers in their roomes,aitD to recittire returneano anfaere of tlje court,tohenfoeucr neto ujal 
 k, of all caufes, quarels,anD buHneiles in regarD cftlje faio offtce belonging unto us ana to ouc 
 tain fubiects tbe common marc&ants ano mariners at all times, ano as often as the cafe (ball per* 
 ira'tano require: ano general!? ano fpeciallp to Doe as much fojusanoin out tfeaD,'tntljc cafes 
 hefoje mentioneD,ano torjtclj hereafter ftjalbe oecIareD,as toecoulooceoj. caufe to be Done, coulu 
 tapoj require, if toe toere there pjcfem in our otonepcrfom <pjjcouectoee u ill, aim bp the te- 
 nourof tfcjefepjefentStoeegiue ano graunc Unco the faioe gouernour, ano to our faioe fubiects 
 ttje common marcbants ano mariners, that as oft ano tohenfoeuerit pleafe t|iem,ti)ep map meet 
 anoaffemblcinfome bonett ano conuentenc place, ano bptbeconfent of the faioe gotternourta 
 tboofe anoappopnt among tljem at tljeir pleafure, freelpatm toitbaut Danger, ccrtaine fuffi* 
 cfent ano fitper&ns to thenumber of ttoelue 0^ bnoer,tol)icb ae toil [jaue to be nameo autticers, 
 into tbe tobicb Jtttticers fo eiecteo bp tbe fasoe gouernour aim our faioe fubicct0,as it is faio,aim 
 toeuetieoftbem,toegiue anograuntctpeciallpotoerano autbojitie to ntteaimafTiatncourt, 
 toittj tbe faio gouerncur 0? bis lieutenants, fojtijciraiDeanoaflrittance, aim to beare tbe griefs, 
 complaints, ano oemanos of our faio fubiects trjeir fuites,plcas, ano the aate of tljeir caufes ano 
 quarels to^atfoeuer motteo 0? to bemoueo unto tlje enoe of their cattle, ano at the requett of tbe 
 Oiioe gouernour, bis lieutenants, o?anpofthem,tofap,pjopounD, ano plainclptoerp^cfle ano 
 neclate their opinions, accoming to rigljt ano confeience, uson the caufes bmttght before ibem 
 ano bp tlje parties Uttereo anaoeciareo, ano toell, latofullp.an? faitijfullp to couufell ano aouife 
 the faioe gouernour oj Ijis lieutenants, to omer ano ccnfure,itiDge aim Determine, ano enoe the 
 fameiuttlp aim equallp, accoming as the cale (ball permit ano require. 9no furthermore toe toil, 
 that all tutt ano realbnableQatuteSjlatoeSjOminances, octrees, aim conttitutions maoe ano c*. 
 CabliujeOjO? to be mace anD cftaliltffjeD, in the countreps afo^efaibe, bp t!;e confent of tlje faio go* 
 «ernottr,anDofcljefaie31utticers,fl)aIbeco?recteD,ameiiDeD,anDmaoe, asthep ftjall fee to bee 
 etpeoient in this beljalfe , foj t(;e better goueenment of tlje eitate of tlje common marcljants eno 
 mariners our faioe fubiects,ano iljalbe belo as ratt'fico, firme, acceptable ano appjoueD;anD,from 
 bencefo?tb toe accept, aomit,anoto ano app?ouctbcmfo?ratificD aim confirmcD,tberc to be firme* 
 Ipanoinuiolablpobftrueo, kept ano obrpeo,9nDalfo,of our farther fauour ano grace toeetoill 
 ano toegrantjtljatbptljt'confent of our faio goucrnour,our faiD fubiects tlje common matcljants 
 ano mariners map make ano fet ootonc in the faio countreis,bp tljeir common confent , asoften 
 as tbep (ball tbinfecgooofbj tljeir better goueniment anb eftatcfucljiuS ano reafonaUlelatoes, 
 flatutes,ominanccs J Decrees,i'on{litutions,ano cuComes,as tbep (bal tljinke erpeDient in tljis be« 
 ?jalfe:tobicb toe comano to be Kept as ratifieD,confinneo,aHotoeD,9t app?oueo,auailabIe, ano eGa« 
 Mi(beO.'PjouiocDaltoaics,that thcpDonotno^feeKeanptljingpjciuoiciaUotljts pje&nt potoer 
 ano aut^ojicie giucn aim gratmteo bp Us to tlje faioe gouernour, in anppopt 0? article bet rein 
 
 & 3 compnTeo, 
 
210 The Englift i Voyages, Ed ^. His p atents 
 
 comp?ifeo,bpanpmeaneso?toap tobatfocuer : in to^icb cafe «f tljcp ©oiUce uee anp tljincf, oj 
 ought fboula ljappen,tte tort that it fbai take no place,fb?ce, aigcttr^rtngtb, no? tertaemeitbef 
 tbat it ffjalbe of anp effect, butitu)albeabolifbca,aifanullca, ana btterlpfruGrate;anaasaboIi* 
 q, eBj 5ifanurteo , ana btte tip fruflratea , from this time fo?toaro , toce holae ana take it, ana toil! 
 hereafter bolo ana take the fame.8na fo to nor ,ana put in erecutmn in our name^ttc baue anti aoe 
 giue full ana abfolttte potter, ajfpectallautbojttp to our faiaferuant William Obray^tohis fain 
 lieutwantB.anbUketoti>,totl^enothatJcoutfeofmarcljanwfemapbekeptincj;ooDefl8te,an9 
 tfcat bp o?ocr of iuftice a firme ana conBant rule map be fet ootone among tbofe our fain fubtect* 
 ano marcbants,toe baue o?aainea ana ao o?oaine,|jaue confenteo $ aoe content, ano bp tfcefe p }t< 
 fentsbaueojiuen ijao cjtueful potter gsefpeciaU autbo?itp to our faio feruant Will.Obray gouer* 
 nour afojefaiu,tbat at altimeana times to|en be fljal tbinkgooo,he map o?oaine, elect,cbufe,antt 
 appoint.intbe countreis afo?efaia,fucbmiraflers,offuers,ana feruitoursas hereafter fljalbena* 
 ttica,anafurijotbersaS heil)altbinknecelTarp,arHitotiifcl)argetl)em,anDto change tbera,a; fet 
 otbers in their roomes,at bfe gooa ttill arm pleafure,bnto fuel) a number ass he (ball tljinke goon 
 ana reafonable fo ? the time being to be emplopeo : as namelp co?re ctojo o? b?okers ajs manp a* 
 he fljal tbinke goon.to make arm to toitnes tlje bargainee tobicb are maae o? to be maoe.bettocene 
 our fata fubiects ano others toitb ttbom tbep fljal baue to ao o? to beale in tbe fe?cfata countreis: 
 ana alfo a? manp alnagers to alner ana meafure al k;nas of marcbanattes tohicb tbep fljal bup o? 
 fel bp tbe parawno alfo as manp toeigbers to tteigb the marcbanaife ttbich ffjaibe fola o? bougbc 
 bp toeigbt:ano alfo fo manp foloes is to folB tfaeir clotljes,ana lb manp packers to pack their packs, 
 ana to maketbeirfacDrt«,maunos,an»bafkct8 > amj other trjinnris ncecefull fb? tbebefence gt p?c- 
 ferttatton of tbe ir marc.banni5e.ai tobicb minitlers officcrs,ann feruito?s,fo c(jofen,clectcb,cbar» 
 gen, aamittca, ano ellabUfljcabp tfcefaiberiouernour,asigfaice, map taketbeir toagesfo? theft 
 paincs $ atteivoances upon tbe fain marcbants 5 acco?oing to the cuffc me of tbc faib countreis, ano 
 as tbep baue bene accuffomeo to take of tbe faio marchancs befoie tbefep?efents bp bg gttten an» 
 gtaunteo* 3no hereupontte baue giucn ano ooe giue erp?cfle cljargc ano commanoement bp tog 
 ano in out names to allour faio fubiects common marcbants ano inariners,anb to euerp of tbati' 
 toljicbujaUftequentcome^emainejpalTejrtpaire^? inbabitetoithin tbe countreis afi>?efato;tljat 
 tbep fball not make contract o? bargaine, fell o? bup, no? (ball not caufe anp contract o? barga.ne 
 robemaoe,no?iutbefaia countreis fell o? bup anpmaner of toarcs, goons, o?marcbannifes, fe* 
 cretelpno? openlp, bp toap of fraune.baratjO? aeceitc tobatfocuer, toitb anp perfono? perlbns^if 
 tobat cffate.countrep.o? conaitton foeuer tbep bc,ttitbout he batl; tonic of tbe faio b?ofccrs at the 
 bargain making,to p?efcnt,tepo?t,am> to tefliifie the faio contracts o?bargains befo?e the faio go* 
 uerno? o? otbers.tf neeo rcqutre,ano ffrife e? contention fhoiilo groto therof bettteene tbemmo? 
 to packe o? caufe to be packeo anp goous o? macchanO'.&s belonging bnto them.in packs,baIes,o j 
 faroels,coff ers, cbeffs, maunos,t>?pfats,o? rottles.totthout bauing fomc ncptttp p?efcnt tbtreat: 
 no? to take o? caufe to be taken o? fet on tto?ke in the faio countrcis,anp otber b?okers,aInagers, 
 to£igbers,foloers 5 o?packers,tbfn the afb?efaio fo cljofcn,aomittf o , e3ablt(ber>, anb o?oaineo bf 
 tbefaibegotterno-?,? hereto autho?i?eo inottrname,as it is faiD,bnoerpaine of falling into, ann 
 ihcurrwg of our otfpleafure.ant) of fo?feiturc, ano confifcatton of all fucb gooos,toares,ano mat» 
 cbanoifes.tohichlbalbefouno to baue patfeobp other banoso?o?ocr,tben that o? tljofe toljich are 
 befo?e mentioneo: tt>e fourtb part of ttljicb fo?fettures ano confifcations u)all be implopeb to the 
 repairing ano maintenance of ttto cbappels founbeo to the honour of Saint Thomas of Canter* 
 btttic bpour fatce fubiects 3 in ti)t totones of Bruges in Flanders, ano of Middleborough in Zc- 
 land; the ctber fourtbpart to tis,t our nfe; tlje thiro fourtb part to our faio couthi of Burgundie, 
 o? the natural Lo?o of tbe coumrep ttljerein the fatac go aos fl)allbe founO;anb the fourtb fourrfj 
 part to bimo?tbem,ttbichrballBtfcouer ) oetect,o? finoeouttbc faiocfrauoe. 9ro alfo that none 
 of our faio fubiects fljallbnlaDe o? caufe to be bnlaoen, ttiocr anp colour no? othetttlfe, ho? bn-- 
 packe, in the countreis abottefaioe,no kino of toares,gooos,no? marchanuifesttbat foeuer .tobtclj 
 thep fljallb?ing o? caufe to bee fyougbtinto tlje couuttepes afo?efaioe, comrmng out of our 
 eountrepes, oorr.inions,o?obcpfance J ttitboutfiilianobefbjcbano tbep make tbe gonernotu: 
 o? bis Deputies acquainted ttttb their arriuall, anocraue leatte, anooeIiuer,tl)ette,anl)De< 
 clare their cccktts , tljatitmap buelp appeare, tljattbefaioe goaos anamarcbanctfesljauetrU' 
 Ip ano lattfullppapae bnto bsourrigbtsanatuttomes, ana not to bnpacke tbembutin tbcp?e« 
 fence of tbe faioe gouernour, bis lieuetenants o? oeputies,bponpatne of fo?fait!ire,ana confifca- 5 
 tfon of the faiae gooas,in maner ana fo?me befo?e aeclatco in the fo?efaioe article* 3no if it bee 
 fotma bp the bitttation of tbc faiae gcuerno?,his lieuetenants o? B£putics,that anp gooag^ates, 
 o?marcbanaifcstobatrocuerbearriueDanoaifcbargcointl)ecountreisafa;.efaio,beIcn^!ngtotiut 
 fataefubiectes ,notlatofullp cuflomeaanaaccjuiteototoarDebsof ottrrigbt anocullcme, fo? 
 
 tobichj 
 
Ect./\..bis patent. Traffiques,& Difcouenes. 
 
 in 
 
 tobicb tbcp cannot no? are not able to make an? cue p?oofc of our letters of rcquct,as is metioncD, 
 o? if ttjcp fiiwcanpetbcrfrauD: toetoill,toeo?Dainc,anDtoe grant, tbattlje fapD gouernour, ljts 
 lieutenants o? Deputies map fra?e toon tbe fapo gooDs on our bctjalfc^ano map cenfifcate ano for- 
 feit t Ij: fame.oittributing t be fame into fottre parts in mancr afojcfapo» 3nD alfo nice toill, tljae 
 euerp one of ujefapD packes, farocls, bafkets, maunos, cofers, tunnrs,bales, rotilcs, ano otljer 
 furnitures anD geare,toberein the fapD marcbanoifes fljalbe packcD,to lie few out of tljc faio coun- 
 treis,ftallnotbelaDenbpontoips,carts,noibo?fcs,to come into our Dominion, toitljoutbeing 
 fled fealeo toitlj a feale ojoapneo bpns ano giuen bp tbefapo gouernour, bponpnineto be fo?fap-- 
 teD,applpeD,anDconfifcatco to bs ano into our bano s if tbcp be founo bnligncoano not fealeo toitlj 
 tlje feale, 3no fo? euerp piece of marcbanoife tobicb (ball be fealeo toitlj tbe fapD feale,tljep (ball 
 pap to tlje fapo fealer ttoo penceof grofle monep of Flanders, tobicb (ball goe to the p?oftce of tbe 
 fapD gouernour . Sno fojasmucb as accojoing to rigbt ano confeience, toe ougijt not to bfe tlje la- 
 bour, trattels, no? feruice of anp man, toicbou t toaging, paptng , ano fnllp contenting i/m acco j» 
 Ding to reafonano equitp, efpeciallp tehni tocooe appoint anp perfon o? perfons to Doe o? caufe 
 to be Done fo great tcaucls, labours, bufincs , ano executions, as tljefe tobicb are contapneo in t big 
 p i jefent rbar ter,aftoeli to? tlje benefit ano profit of bs ano our felues,as f o? tbe bolefome, perfect^ 
 gooD gouernment of our fapo fubiects: toe bp tbe gooo aouife anD Deliberation of t lie fapD ! u?os of 
 our p?i ut'e counfell, baue granteD anD giucn,anD as befoje, Doe grant anD giuc, of our fapo grace, 
 . to tfjefapo William Obray our fapo fcruant ano gouernour abouenameo,ouringourpleafure,fo$ 
 part of bis toages ano fee of tbe fapD office, one pen nie of our monep of England of tbe baltte of a 
 Ituer of gtoffe monep of Flanders,bpon al anD Gnguler tlje gooDs, toares anD marcbanoifes of our 
 fapD fubiects frequenting tbe fapD countrcis, to be leupeo, gatbereo,receiueo, ano papeo bnto tbe 
 fapD William Obray o? to bis Deputies, bpon tlje fapo toares ano marcbanoifes belonging onto 
 our fapD faiD fubiects buping anD felling, o? tobicb t bep (ball caufe to fell, btip, put atoap, ttucke 
 o? ercljangein tljccountrcps abouefaio, aftoell of (be gooes anD marcljaiiDifcs tobicb tbcp (ball 
 bu'ngo? caufe tobe bjouglje into ttyi fapo countrtes,as of another goobs toljtcbtbcp Qjall lane ano 
 carte, oj caufe to bee carieo ano connepeo out of tbofe countreis into our Dominion o? elfetobcre 
 into anp otber part tobatfoeuer, 3no to caufe tbe fame to be gaujercD, rcreiueD, leauieo ano pap- 
 cd, toe bauc giuen, ano bp thefep?efents Doe giue full potoer anD fpeciall autljojit ic bnto tbe fapo 
 William Obray, ano to bis lieutenants ano Deputies afojefapo, toleaup,gatber,aiiD caufe to bee 
 leauieo anD recetueo tbe fapo moncp,in fo?me ano maner aboue mentioneD, to bis p?ofite ano bfe, 
 touring our pleafure : ano to eniop anb bfe tlje fame as bis proper gooos, toitljout anp conrraoicti* 
 on, conttr aining anD arreting if necDe bee.as toell on lano,as on tbe toater,our faio fubiects,tbcir 
 (apo gooDs, ano euerp of tljem,bp toap of lato anD iuffice, anD to caufe tbem to pectoe ano pap tbe 
 fapo mon e?,bpon tbe faio goobs anD mar cljano ifcs,ss is afo?efapD, jfo? fucb is our pleafure.anrj 
 fo toill toe baue it Done toitljout contraoictiono? impeaebment to bim ano Ijis, During our plea* 
 fare. Slno alto toe to ill tljac the fapo William Obray ,ouer anD aboue t bat tobicb is fepD,ujall take, 
 gatber,ano recciuc of our fapofubicctsfrom bencefo?tbpeare!p,During our pleafure, allfncb ano 
 like toages ano pjofits.as be bao anD receiueo of our fapD fubiects , in tbe peare 1458, toben bee 
 bcto anD crercifeb t be faio office of gouernour , toitljout Diminifijing 0? rebating anp tbing tbere* 
 of, nottoitbtf anoing tbis pjefent augmentation maoe, increafeo, ano bone bnto bim, f our grace 
 ano fauotir : anD that bee (bail gaiber,take,anD receitte tbe fame in fucb Annie ano manner, as tlje 
 otbermonep aboue mentioneD is tobe gatbereo, Sno to tbe enoetbat tbefapo William Obray 
 map Ijatte ano take poffeffion , feafon, ano enterance of tbe faiD office of gouernour in our name 
 toe baue anD Doe place bim, bp tlje Dcltuerp of tljefe p?efents , inpoOeulon, feafon, ano entrance 
 of tbe faio office,anr> of tbe rigbts,pjofits,{fipenDS,toageg, ano inoneis afo?efapD,to begin to erer* 
 cife tbe fapo office of gouernour in our name, tlje firft Dap of Spap nertenfuing after tbe Date of 
 tbefep?efents,fo?tbefapD William Obray to IjolD anoerercife.pfactifeanD bfecbefamcDuring 
 our pleafure,toitlj tlje fapo toages, moneps, rigbts, ano pjofites aboue mentioncD.toitbout anp 
 contraDiction 0? impeaebment. 9lnD all ano lingular our fubiects tbe common marcbants auD ma= 
 riners.tobicbnjall tie contrary, rebellious, anDDifobeoienttotlje faiDgcuetnour foopapncDbp 
 bs,to bts faiD lieuteuantSjto tbefapo tutticcrs to cbofen,o? to anp oftljcnt, 0? to anp of tbe datutcs, 
 latoeSjDecreeSjfentcnces^Dinanecs^nD cufiomeSjOfficeSjgifts, ano grants abouefapo, let tljem 
 grieuoutlp be puniffjeD bp tbe fapo gouernour 0? bts lieutenants, in tbis bebalfe, acco?Ding to tbe 
 quantitpoftljeiroffences,anDtbeerigencieoftbecafes. (EHcDoe fommon, commaunD,flraitlp 
 anberpjefipenioinebptbefepjefentsallanDcuc?? our faioe fubiects, tbat bnto the fapo goucr* 
 nour fo bp bso?Daineb : to bis lieutenants,attomcis,o? Deputies, ano alfo to tlje faiD iumccrs, offc 
 cers,anD mini(lers,in all ano euetie tbe t Ijings afo?efaiD, anD otljers anp toaie concerning in tbis 
 bebalfe our faiD romances; t lj c it gouetnmec anD rule, tbe ctrcumdances anD Dcpenoances t Ijeron 
 
 tbac 
 
2IZ 
 
 The Engliih Voyages, \M.%ob. Thome. 
 
 ttjat tljep giue tljeir attenDance,counfaplc,comfojt,oi cDicn.c.ano aibe, Uiligcntlp U-ittjcm fault oj 
 Difficultp,furelp,fafelp,fullp aim peaccablp : toitbout Bomg.inferringjOj inflicting.o? fuffering to 
 be Done , tnf ercc d,o? infticteo to tbem 0} anp of tljem m bobp o ? gooDs,anp Diflut bauce o? tmpc acb* 
 ment,inanpmanct tobatfoeucr : but ratber if anp thing bee Bone bnto them ccutrarp ano to the 
 pjeiubice of tbcfe pjefcntss, tljcp vball retnoue ano catifc tlje fame to be remooucD , ano tljat tobicfj 
 fijallbcbinDctcD tljcp tljall fct at free bcliuerance , bponpapnc to fall into ano to incurrcourbigb 
 btfplcafurc* jfoj fuel) is our pleafure ano fo mill tecc baue u, not teitlj Janoi n g ante Utters falfc- 
 Ipcrcutin,cbtapnco,o? to be obtapnebcontrarp hereunto. QltiD pou cur fttfatc cte , the common 
 marcljancs ano mariners, fobebaue pour femes, tljat pou map recciuc commenoationofbsfoj 
 four gcooobeDience , knotting tljat fucb as (ball be found Doing oj. to baue Done tlj? contrarp, 
 to e inlll fee tbem fo punifljeb toitljout tebtmption,tbat tljep (hall bee an cramplc to all rebellious 
 pcrfons* Sllepjap ano mofl inftantlp require in tbeapbeofequitie, all others out frienbs, al- 
 lies, ano toe II- toillers,af ruell pjincesatm potentates, as t heir iuttictrs, officers, lieutenants, ae« 
 puticSjComniiffaries, anD utbiects,anb cuerp of them.tn r egarc of equate; that tbep motile bomb-- 
 faf e , ano that it toottlo pleafe them to giuc,DQ e,ano lent) comfort , apbe, affiitance, ano pjifbns if 
 neeoc requite , to our fapo gouernour, Ijis lieutenants. tommiu"atics,beputies,iuiTicers,$ otters 
 our officers anb minitt crs afo?efapb : ano herein toce p?ap t Ijcm on our bchalfe, anb in our clone 
 name* 8no it map pleafe them herein toboe fo much, that toe map haue orcaCon to i bankc them, 
 ano toaccompt our fclues bebolDingfoj the fame; ano as tbep tooulb that mc fl;oulDoofoj trjem 
 in tlje like matter, 0} in a greater : toljicb toe mill totllinglp Doe, if toe be required thereunto bp 
 tbem* SlntoitneffetobereoftoeljaueeauCiDttjefeoutletteistobce mate patents, C&itnesouc 
 felties at Wcitminf ter,tlje Cjct ectub of 3p;i!, in tlje fecono pere cue rcigne, 
 
 A declaration of the Indies arid lands difcouered , and 
 
 fuhdued Vnto the Emperour, and the king of Pottingal : And alfo of 
 
 ot her partes of the Indict and rich countries to be difcouered, which the woc- 
 fhipfull Mt%obcrt Thome merchant t£ London (who dwelt long 
 in the citie of Sital in Spaine) exhorted king Henrie 
 the eight to take in hand. 
 
 MOST EXCELLENT PRINCE, 
 
 £pcrience pjooucththat naturallp all pn'uces bee be firctts (o ertenb anb tit* 
 large their Dominions ano kingoomes . Mlbert foje it is not to be marueilcB.t a 
 fee tbem cuerp bap pjocuce the fame, not rcgaroing anp coft^perirUnB labour, 
 tfjat map tberebp chance, but rather it is to be marueileb, if there be anp prince 
 content to liue quiet toitb bis otone Dominions, f o t furelp the people toottlo 
 tbinke be lacketb the noble courage ano fpirie of all other. 
 %i)t toojlD knotoeth that the ocGres of piinccB Ijauc bene fo fcruent to obtaine tfjetr purpofe , 
 tfjat tbep baue abuenturcb anb p jooueo things to mans conjecture impo(Tible,the torjich tbep haue 
 mabcpoffible^nD alfo things Difficult Ijauc mabe facill : ano thus to obtaine tbcirpurpofe, baue in 
 nianer tnrneo bp ano botone the tobolt toojlD fo manp times, that the people inhab it ing in the far* 
 ttjefZ region of the ©cctoent baue purfueb toitb great oilfrcirclabours ano penls,to penetrate antr 
 enter into tbefartljeft regions of the 3D?icnt: anD in liketoifetbofe people of tbefatD parts of the 
 SDjient baue babno kite labour anooeGre to enter anD penetrate into the fart hell 'and of the 
 £>cciDenc,anDfofoUotoingiljett purcbafe Ijattc notccafeb bntilltbepcoulo pafle no farther bp 
 reatbn of tbe great teas. 
 
 Cbis naturall inclination fe caufe , tljat fcarfelp it mapbe faio , there is anp kingocme Oable, 
 no? king quiet, but tljat bis otone imagination, o? otijer pjinccs bis neighbours boe trouble bt'm, 
 (Sob ano nature batljpjouibeD to pour ©race,anD to pour gracious pjogeuito js , tljis Eealme of 
 England,ano fet it in fo fruitfull a place,atiD toitljin fucb limitrs, tljat it thotilb feci.'.e to be a place 
 quiet ansaparteb from all tlje fo?efapo ucfire* 2Dne fprciailraufeis,fajtbatitiscompaffcbtoitbj 
 tlje Sea : bp reafon tberof it fcemes,tljis nottoitljCanoing, tbt ir DeGres anb noble courages baue 
 beene mod commonlp like bnto others : anD tout marueilotts great labours, ccfles ano perils, 
 tljep baue tratteilcD ano palfco tlje ^>eas, making toarre , notcuelp toitb JSiugsanb Domini 
 onsniglj neighbours, but alfo toitb tbem of farre countries, ano fo baue tooonne anb conque-- 
 . reomanpricb ano fap?e Dominions, anDampIifieDtbispourtf>racesKealmetoitljgreatbicto?p 
 ano glo^p. 3n5 alfo noto of late pouc 55race bailing like courage ano Defire, ano no t rat hout mil 
 caufe, to enlarge this pour kingbome, anb bemauno pour limits mib tribute of tlje jf n nch king, 
 
 tobic|) 
 
Ai.Rfib.Tborne. Traffiques,andDiicouenes. 213 
 
 tobicb at that p?clint be rettraineo, pour Qprace in pecfon paffeo tutct) a great potorr into France^ 
 putting pour (Scaccsf pecfen to great paineanD labour, auo toitbout Doubt btcto?iouHppou ban 
 conquereo tlje fapo l&calmc of France, as pe bf gan.if pour aoucrfarp IjaD not reconrilcD bimfelfe, 
 ano knotoleDgeopour ©races rtgljt ano title : ano fo p?omifeD trulp to pap tl;e tribute tljcnoue,^ 
 fulfill pour rcqtteftinall tilings, anoalfocclireo pour ©race fo? peace, the tobicbof pour clcmcn-- 
 ciepoucoulDnotrefufe. " 
 
 jJ23to3conttDerin(ttbis pour noble courage ano DeGre, ano aIfopctcctumgtbacpour©race 
 map at pour plcafure, to pour greater glo?p, bp a goolp meane,toitlj little cou\periU,o? labour to 
 pour ©race o?anp of pour fubiects, amplifieanDinricb this pour fapo Hcalmc, 3knotoitismp 
 bouaoen Duet? to manifea cljtjs ferret into pour ©race, tobtch hitherto, as 3 fuppofe,batlj bcene ffl Umiii 
 hio .- tobicb is,tbat tottlj a fmall number of fijips there map bee DifcouereD oiucrs 5$eto lanDs ano 
 kingoomes, in the tobicb toitbout Doubt pour ©raccfljall toinnepcrpccuall gIo?p,anDpotir (iu> 
 iectes infinite p?ofite, Co tobicb places there is left one toap to Difcouer, tobicb is into the <Ebct)ir«ra»rp 
 ,l8o?tb:fo? that ofrbefoure partes oftbetoo?lDe, it feemetlj tb?cepartsare DifcouereD bpotljer ° tt>tS!iDm 
 p?inccs. j?o? out of !§>paine tbep baue DifcouereD all clje 3Inoies ano <§>eas ©cctDcntall , ana out 
 of Ipo jtingall all tlje annies ano ^cas 2D?tentall t fo that bp this part of cbe 2D?ient a; ©cciecnt, 
 tljepbauecompaffeDtbetoo?^ jFoj cf;e one of tljcm Departing totoarD the 2D?ient, anDtbcotljcr 
 totoarD tbe 2DccfDent,mct againe in the courfe o? toap of the mtDDeftof the Dap, anD fo then toast 
 DifcouereD a grratpart of tbe fame :§>cas anD coafies bp tbe SpaniatDS, £>o that noto reft to be 
 DifcouereD tbe fapo jfto?tb parts , tlje tobicb it fcemetb to mee, is onelp pour charge anD Dtietp. 
 KecaufetbeGtuationof this pour IXealme tstbereunto neerettauD apteffof allotber : anoalfo 
 fo?tljatpou baue Islrcaop taken it in bano, 9nDin mine opinion it toill not fecmctoelltoleatte obo^o? 
 fo great ano profitable an enterpn'fe,feetng it map fo eafilp ano toitb fo little coll, labour, ano oan* Thom « p«< m 
 gcr.be follotoeo anD obtapneo : though bcretofo?e pour ©race batlj maoe tljcreof a p?oofe,$ fotinD of' jte wl|ne! 
 nottbccommoDttptberebpaspourruircD.at this time it (ball be no impcDiment, jTo?tbercmap f" 9 !^" 1 ^' 
 be no to p?ouioeo rcmcDt'es fo? tbt'ngB,tben lackco, ano tbe inconttenienccs ano lets rcmooucD,tbat o ° lp GoIrSiiS 1 
 tben mere caufe that pour ©races Defire tooke no full effect,tobicbis,tlje courfes to be cbangco,? %£*& %g^ 
 foiietueo tlje fo jcfatD neto courfes. 3ijd concerning the mariners, fljippes, anDp?ouifion,ano?^ mingo, ' 
 Dec imp be oeuifeo ano taken meeteano conuenient,mucb better tljen Ijttfjerco. "S5y reafon toljer* 
 of,ano bp ©ods grace, no Doubt pour purpofe (ball take effect,, gmrelp the coft bercm toill be no* 
 thing, incomparifon to the great profit* ©belabour is mucb lefle, pea nothing at all, tobere fo 
 great honour nno glo?p is IjopeD fo? : anD conuoering toell tbe rourfes, truelp tlje Danger jjt toaj? 
 is lbo?ter to bs,tben to ^paine o? po?tingall, as bp euiDent reafons apperetb. 
 
 3nDnoU) to Declare fomEtbing of tbe commoDitp ano btilitie oftljis .OattigationanDDifcoue'! ^ot^ 
 rierttisrjerp clcere ana certaine, that tbe S>eas that commonlpmen lap, toitbout great Danger, 
 Difficttltpannperill, pearatber itisimpoiribletopaue, tbattbofefame^easbenauigableano 
 toitbout anie fttcb Danger, but that fijippes map paffe ano baue in tbem perpetuall clerenelTe of the 
 Dap initbout anp Darkcneffe of tlje ntgbc : tobicb tljingis a great commoDitie fo? tbe nautgants,to 
 fee at all times rottnD about t bem , as toell the fafcgarDS as Dangers , anD hoto great Difference 
 itisbettoeenetbe commoottie ano perils of other tobicb leefe tbemott part ofetterp fattre ann 
 ttoentie boures the faio light , anD goe in Darkmcffe groping tbetr toap, a tbtnke there is none fo 
 igno?ant but perceiuetb this mo?e plainelp.tben it can be erp?cffeD, gea tobat a bantage fbal vouc 
 ©races fubiects baue alfo bp this light to Difcouer tbe firangelanDS,countries,anD coaC es*: fo? if 
 tbcptbatbeDifcouereDjtofailebptbem inDatkeneffeistoitb greatoanger, mucb more tben the 
 toaSes not DifcouereD be Daungerous to trauellbp night o? in oarkeneflh ^etthefe Dangers oj 
 Darkeneffe batb not letteD the ^panparos ano po?tingals anD other, to Difcouer manp bnknotocn 
 Kcalmesto tljeir great perill, ©KljtcIjconliDereD (ano that pour ©races fubiects map bauctbe 
 fameligbOit toill feeme pour © races fubiects to be toitbout actiuitp o? coutage,in ieatting to Doe 
 this glo?ious ano noble enterp?tfe. f o? tljep beingpaff tbts litle toap tobicb tbep namco fo oange« 
 rous,(tobicbmapbettooo? tb?ce leagues bcfo?etbep come to tlje IPole, anoas mucb mo?e after rtanfoatfoti 
 tbep paffe the pole) it is cleerc.tbat from tljence foo?tb tbe teas anD lanoes are as temperate as in »noc t tfieieow 
 tbefc partes, ano tljat tben it map be at tbe toill ano pleafure of tl;e mariners , to cboofe tobetber 
 tbep toill faple bp the coattes.tbat be colDe,temperate o? bote, ^o? tbep being pad the pole, it tss 
 plaine, tbep map Decline to tobat part tljcp lift, 
 
 3 f tbep toillgoe totoaro the 2D?tent,tbep (ball intop tljt regions of all tbe Uarcarians tljat cr* Tat " rfa » 
 teno totoaro tbcmiDDap,ano from thence tbepmap goe ano p?ocecDe to tbelano of the Cbin«s,anD cuna, 
 fromtbenceto the lano of Cachato2D?ientall, tobicb is of all tbemainelanDmoft ©?icntall that 
 can far reckoneo from our habitation. 9no if from tbence tbep Doe continue tljeir nauigattut, fol* 
 lotoingcbe coafts tljat recucne totoarD tbe SDcciDcnt ,tljt p ffjall fall in toitb Malaca ,ano fo toitb all 
 
214. 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, M.%ob.Thorne. 
 
 tlje 3Jtaoiea tobiclj toe call SDnentall, anD follotoing tbe toap, map rcturne Ijitljct bp tbe Cape of 
 
 Buona Speranfa ; anD tljus tbep (ball compaffe tbe toljole toojlue, anDif tbep toilltaketbeic 
 
 ^ttofomm courfc after Eljep be paft tlje 19oIe, totoam t^e 2Dccftjent,tbcp ffjallgoe in tlje bacbe Coe of tlje tutu 
 
 unbBircowten foisno lano,DiI)icb of late Boas Difcouerco tp pour ©races fubiects, bntill tbep come to tbe backe 
 
 t>pj><&ism&. gueatm^otitij &easoftbe3!noie32DcciDentaH, 3no fo continuing tljeir bopage tbep map re* 
 
 turne tljojoVu tlje ftretgbt of Magellan to tbis countrep , ano fo tbe? compare alfo tlje toojlo bp 
 
 tbattoap: ano if tbep goetbistbiro toap, ano after tbep be pad tbe pole, goerigbt tomato tbe 
 
 pole Smarttike ,ano tljcn Decline t otoatQ tbe lands ar.D 3 llanos Gttiateo bcttocen tbe 'C-ropike?, 
 
 ano bno et tlje CquinnctiaU, toittjout Doubt tljcp (ball finoe tbeie tbe t icbefl lanocs ano Slflanos of 
 
 tlje toojloofgolDe.pjectousfloneSjbalmes/pices, ano otber tbingcs tljat toe bereeacememofl: 
 
 toljicb come out of ttrange countries,anD map returne tlje fame toap, 
 
 15 p tljis it appearetlj , pour ©race batbnot onelpagrcat aouantageoftlje ricbe^utalfo pout 
 fubiects fljall net trauell ^alfe of tbe toap tbat otljer Doe, tobicl) goe rouno about as afojefapb. 
 
 The booke made by the right worfhipful M.G{phrt Thome in the 
 yeere 1 527. in Siuil, to DoElour Ley, Lord ambajfadourfor king 
 
 Henry the eight,to Charles the Emperoui-,being an information of the 
 
 parts of the world, difcoucred by him and the king oiPortmgal: 
 
 and alfo of the way to the Moluccaes bythcNonh, 
 
 ' 3gbt noble ar.&rctietcnb in pr, 3!&atterccctueDpcur letters, anbbaue pjoca* 
 
 I rco ano fene to knoto of pourfcruant,tob3.pottr lojofliip toiotc.njoulDbr CcRe 
 
 , in Merchena, 31 cannot tbere 0; els toljcre bearc of bun,ttitbeut be be returned 
 
 to pou, 0; gone to s§>,Lucar,ano fljipt, 31 cannot iuoge but tljat of fome conra- 
 
 . giousficknefie bee oico, fo tljat tlje otontr of tbe (jcufe foj Defaming Ijtsbotife 
 
 tooulDbucpbimfecKtlp,anDnotbcknotoenofit. tfojfucbtljitigs bate often 
 
 times Ijappeneo in tljis countrep* 
 
 9lfo to to?ite onto pour lojofijippe of tbe ncto traDeof Spiccrp of tbe £mperour,tfjcre is no 
 ooubt but tljat tlje 31 llanos are fertile of Cloues, #utmegs,^aee, sraeCinnamom : ann tbat tbe 
 faiD3illanDS,toitb otljer tbcre about, abouno toitb golDe.Kttbte^a^tamaiffles^alaircs^ra^ 
 nates, 3acinccs,ano otber (tones » pearlcs,as all otljer lanes, tbat arebBDet ana necre t&e Cqui* 
 noctiall. jFojtoe fee, toljere nature giuetlj anp tbing, (he is no nigar&, f e? ag'teiclj &s arm o« 
 tber.tbatareaparteDfromtbefaiD^qumoctialljOurmettalsbeleaD^nrae^BsaroBifetbeHra 
 be (Solo, feiluer, ano Copper. 9no as our fruits ano graines bee Spples, pass, *w&Cepw,& 
 tljcirs be Dates, 33utmegB,pepper, CIoucs,ano otber Apices. 9no as toe baucJeitjSm&er, 
 Criflall, 3Iafper, ano otber like Hones, fo (jaue tbtp ftubies, Diamonos, ^alaffes, &apbp?rs, 
 31acincts, ano otljer like, 3nD tbougb fome fap tbat of fuclj p jecious mett ais, gtaines,o? kiss ef 
 Ipices.ano precious ttones,tlje abunoance ant quantitp is notbingfo great, as our mettals, fruit* 
 0? Hones aboue rebear&o : pet if it be toell confioerco, Ijoto tbe quantttie of tbe cartb bnoer the C« 
 quinoctiall to botlj tlje ^ropicall lines, (in tobiclj fpace is fotmo tbe fapb ©olDe,(pices ano p ject'= 
 ous Hones) is as much in quantitp , as almoQ all tbe car t lj from tbe 'Stropickcs to botlj tlje poles; 
 itcnmiotbeDentebbuttbereismojequantitpoftbefapDmettals, fruites, fpices, anopjecioust 
 flones, tbentljere is oftbe otljer mettals anD otber things befo?e rebearfeo, 3nb 3 fee tbat tbe 
 pjecioufnes of tbefe tljings is meafureD after tbe Diflance tbat is bettoeen bs, ano tbe tbings thas 
 toe baue appetite bnto,if j in tljis nauigation of tbe sSpicerietoas Difcouereo.tbat tljefe gflanos 
 notljing fet bp gcloe, but fet mo?e bp a knife anb a naple of iron, tben bp W quantitie of (Soloe : 
 ano toitb rcafon , as tlje tbing mo?e neceffarp fo? mans feruice, 9nD 31 Doubt not but to tbem 
 fljouiD be as precious our come a«D feeocs , if tbep migbt baue tbcm, as to bs tljeir fpices: Jlike^ 
 toife tbe pieces ofglafle tbat bete toe baue counterfeiteo are as pjecioustotbrm, as tobstljeit 
 flontsrtobicljbperperienceisfetneDapliebptbcm tbat baue trace tbitber, ^Ljjtsof tberiebesef 
 
 ssortci leys tljofe countries is fufh'cient, 
 
 i«t«s. ^oHcbingtbatpourto?D(bipto?ote,tol)etberttmapbeepjofitabIetotbeC-mpcEOjo?no^ it 
 
 map be toitbout Doubt of great pjofite: if,as tbekingofPortingalDotb, betooulDbccomeamer- 
 tbant,anDp?ouiDefrjippesanDtbeirlaDing, anD traoetljitljer alone, ano Befeno tlje trace of tbefe 
 31tlanDsfo?bimfeIfe, ^ut otber greater buGneffetoitbljtitt>etbbim from tljis, ^utflilUasnoto 
 itisbegunnetobeoccupieo, ittooulDcometomucb. jfojt^efbippcs comming in fafetie, tbere 
 tooulo tljitljer manp euerp pere,of toljiclj to tbe Cmpcrour is Due of all tbe toares anD tetoels tbat 
 some from tbence tbefift part foj Ijis cullome cleare toitbout anp cott, SnD beBoes tljis bte put» 
 
 tei^ 
 
i£A4 fRfih. T/wrwe.TrafliqueSjand Difcoueries. 
 
 iif 
 
 (ctbiu cuirp tiutL a CLidune qiiaimcic ct monep,otu4jicui;teenmptujoui;,egrtUie A .ycunDaiiD 
 rjountislike as otljer aDticnturcrts cor, Sua flcete of thjee fljippcs ano a Caraucl that toe nt from 
 tbiscitie armeo bp thcmarchams of lt,tobicb Departed tnapjtlllaflpaC, 31 anomp partcncr hsue 
 one thoufano foare tiuirtjc o Duckets tljat toe cmplopeD in the Taps flectc, pmictpajlp to } tljat ttoo 
 <gn$itf)mcn,frifnD8ofmine,tobicbare fomctobat IcarncoinGofmograpbiejUjoulogocm tlje 
 feme fbtppes, to tying; me certainc relation of the Puliation of the countrep,ano to beerpcrt in the 
 naulgation of tbofe fcas,ano there to haue info jmations of manp otijer things, ano aotttfe tljat 31 
 oefire to Imotoe rfpctiallp, <§>ei fog in the fe quartets are fbippes,aiiD mariners of that ccuntre p, 
 ano catties bp tobicb tljcp faile, though much tonlike ours, that tljcp (fcoulo procure to haue the faia 
 tatDS.anD leatne boto tbcp bnoerQano them , ano efpcciallp to knato tofoat nauigation tljcp haue 
 foj tbofe 3iu*anos s2oitbtoarDs,ano jfto;trjeafltoarD. 
 
 fo?tfftomthefavti3lIanosthcfcaDiDcrcenD,tou[joucmterpoGttonofIano 3 tofaacfromt(je 
 j9o«h point to the j^onheattpepnt one choufanBfeucn hunojeooj one thoufano eight btuiDjeo 
 icagucs.tbep (bottlo came to the jifleto founo 3jflanos that toe tnfcoueretj^nD fo toe (bottlo be nee= 
 rcr to the Capo ispiccric bp almottttoo thotifanb leagues then the Cmperour, o? the king of Por- 
 tingal are. 2iid to aouifepour lojoujip tobethcr of thefe ^picertcs of the Sung of Poningal 
 ojthcSrtipetourstsncercr.anoaltbofthe titles that cither of them hath, anohotoe ouri^evu 
 founo Ianos are partco f torn it,(foj tljat bp tojitingtouljouc fome oemonffration, it a. ere baro to 
 giueanp Declaration of it) 31 haue caufeo tljat pourllojDujipujallrcceiue herewith a little 99appe 
 o? Caroe of tlje toojlo : ttje toljiclj, 3D fcare me.ujaUpucpcuc jlojoftjip to mo?clabourtotmDfr= 
 Gano.thcn me to make tt,ontlp foj that it is maoe in fo Utle roome that it cannot be but obfeurelp 
 fee out.tbat is oetireo to be feene in it, ano alfo fo? that 31 am in thisfctencc little erpert :Wet to rc"^ 
 ntcop in part this oifficultp , it is nceeifarp to Declare to pour Lojolbip mp intent , toitbtobich 31 
 trull pou fljall petceiuc in this Cato part of pour oclire , if, foj that 31 cannot ejepjeffe mine intent, 
 touhmp Declaration 3 doc not make it mojeobfeure. 
 
 tft'rtt, pour iojolbip knotoeth tljat the Cofmorjrap&ers&aue DiuioeD the earth up j6o De- 
 grees in latituoe.ano asmanp inlongititDe,tonocr the tobicb is cnmpjehcttDCD ailtlje rounonrs of 
 tljecarthnhcIatituDebcingDiuioeDtntofourequatterBjmnetieDegreesamounttoeuerpquartcr, 
 toljtchtljepmeafftrcbptbcaltttuDeofthepoles,thatistliej!2o?tljanDS)9ut[jtlatre0,beingfrom 
 tljeline <Equmocttaltt:ll t hrp come right tonocr the tftoub liar te the faiD ninctie Degrees : anD as: 
 much from the fapo line CqutnoctiaU to the <§>outh flarre be other m'netp Degrees, QLtitt as mucfj 
 «jo?c is alfo from either of the fapo flams agapneto£h«<£qm'noctiall. C&bicbimaginco to bee 
 touno.is fccne pcrcciueo tbusj? 6o Degrees of latituoe ts bt confumeD intlje faiD foure quarters 
 of m'netie Degrees a quarter: fo that this latituoe is the meafure of the toojloe from jftoithto 
 feoutb,anD from South to jSajtb, 3no tbelongimoe, in tobicb are alfo counteo other 360, is 
 tountcD from SLtett to j£ atf ,0? from <Eatt to <Kttctt,a» in tlje Caro is fet. 
 
 ^he fapo Utttuoe pour Loinujip map fee marken ano DttitDeo m the enoe of t&is Cam on the 
 left hano : fo that if pott toculo knoto in tohat Degrees of litttuDe anp region 0? roafl If anoetlj,take 
 a compalff , anD fet the one fxot of the fame in the Equinoctial line right agatntl the faiD regien, 9 
 npplp the ctherractc of ihecompaOfcto the faio region 0? coafl, n; then fee the fapo conipaue at the 
 eno of the CarD, inhere the Degrees are DiuiDeD. ano tfeeouefooteof the compalfe flaiiDingin tlje 
 line equinoctial, tlje other totll ujetu tn the fcale the Degreesof altituDe 0? latituoe that the faio re« 
 gioit is in. SUfo the long-;tuoe of the toojlo 31 bauefet out in tfje nether part of tlje Caro, contci* 
 ning alfo 3 60 oegrees:tohich begin to be coanteo after Pcoleme ano other Cofmograpljers from 
 an hcaolano calico Capo Verde, tohicb is ouer againfla little crofle mace in tlje part iDcci'ocntal, 
 toberctheoiutfionof the Degrees beginnetlj,anD enoeth in the fame Capo Verde. 
 
 |2ototokiioUM«fclBhatIotigituoeanplanbis,pour ItojBfljip mull take a tuler ojacompafTe, 
 anofet ibe one foot of the compare bpon tlje lano o? coafl toljofe Iongituoe pou tooulo knom , ano 
 crteno the other footof the compaffetotljenert part of oneoftbe tranfuctfall lines in tlje ©?ien« 
 talloi SDccioentalpart : u;bichDone,fftthe onefootoftljecontpaffe in tljefaiD tranfuerfalline at 
 the eno of tbencthcr fcale, tlje fcale of Iongituoe, ano the other foot Ojeiucth the oegreeof JongU 
 tuoe that the region is in. ano pour Lo?oujip mufl bnoerflano that this GarD.tbougb little, con-- 
 teinethtbebutuerfallu)holetoo?lobctii)irttii]ocollateraU lines, the one intbe Occioentallpart 
 oefcenDcthperpenoicular bpon the 175 Degree, $ the other in tbeSDjicntall on the 170 Degree, 
 tohofeoiflancemcafurecb the fcale of Iongituoe, 3no tljat tobich istottljout tlje tiro faio tranfuer* 
 falllines,is onelptofljetohoto the ©jicntallpaw is ioineo laiththe ©ccioent,ano©cciDent tottfj 
 the ©?ient.jTo i that that is fet toitbout the line in tlje Oriental part,is the fame that is fet liu'thin 
 the other line intlje Occiocntallpatt : ano that that is fet toithoutthe line in the ©ccioentallparf, 
 is % fame that is ftt toitljin the line in tbc SDuencall part, to ujelu that t&ousfj t|)is figure of Uje 
 
 toojlo 
 
 ■STflf3 UJS8 tU 
 
 fleets tuhtceitt 
 
 Cabot u;IC'?llCi" 
 rebtbf nucc 
 
 foiinajaatitia 
 
 t>t:'cni:irtDl)p 
 
 tfce«cuflUUj. 
 
 MfRappeef 
 
 Utimtrs, 
 
 9To ftrtoh) !t« 
 lougiiutxs. 
 
1 
 
 zi6 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, z5M,%ob. Thome, 
 
 Magdanc. 
 
 ,! 
 
 too jid in ylatne o: flat c e feemetb to Ijau e an two, pet one imagining that this fapo Caro to ere fee 
 
 Upon a rotmO thing, tobere the .cubes (boulo touch bptljclinee, it tooulb platrtclp apptare IjoUie 
 
 the Orient pact iopne tb ton* b the ©ccioent,ag cljere toitljout tlje lines it is 01 fc t ibro mo figutco. 
 
 ano f o j moif Declaration of the faio Caro,pour 1 ojofbip fljall onrerttanft, that beginning on 
 
 t&epart2DccibcntaI tuttijtn cljc line,el)t firtt lantj that is fee out, is tbemainelanDanD Sftanos of 
 
 the Jnoiesof cljeCmpcrour. ^ijicbmainr lano ojcoaflgoetb JSoj-tbtoaro, ano finiilji thin tlje 
 
 lano tljat toe found ,tofjtcb is callen bcre 1 em dc Labrador. <g>o that it appeareth tlje fapo lantt 
 
 that toe founo,anD tbe 3noirs to be all one niaine lann. 
 
 CbefapD coafl from tlje Capo 3nc(cs -SoutbtoatDjasbptfje Caropcur iojotfjippe map fee, 
 
 jaotecanto commetb toa certaineflraigbt &ea, calico Eftrecho de todos Santos .- bp tobtclj UraigbtStca 
 
 M^i'nf Bt of tfje ^ ) P an ' arD i 8 S° e t0 £, J e 5S»ptccrus, as 31 (ball Declare moje at large : tbe tol tcb flraigljt $|>ca 
 
 is right againtt tbjeebunOj^otUteene Degrees oflongituoe, aim is of latituoeoj altituoe from 
 
 the Cquinoctiall tb?eeano fiftp Degrees. ©be fir ft lano from tbe fapo beginning of tlje Caro to* 
 
 toatOtbeiJDnentarc certaine Jflanos of tbe Canaries, anoSflanoes of Capo verde. I5utrbe 
 
 firtt maiue lano nert to tbe line (Equinoctial is tbe fapo Capo verde,ano from thence jSo-ubtoaro 
 
 bp the flraigbt of this fea Of Italic 3nO f-J follotoetb Spayne,France,Flanders,Almaine,Den- 
 
 marke,ano Norway, tobicb is tbe bigbell parte totoaro the 3f3o-;tb, 8no ouer againtt Flanders 
 are out Jiflanosof England anolrelaud. SDftbelanoesanD ccaftrs toitbin the flreigfjtS 31 bane 
 fet out cnelp the Segtons,DiuiDingtl>-mbp lines of their Iimits,bp tobicb platnelp 3 tbinke pout 
 Lopujip map fec,trttohat(ttuationeuerie region is, ano of tobatbigljneue, ano toitb tobat re- 
 gions it is iopneD. 31 Doe tljtnke feto are left out of all Europe, an tlje parts of Ada ano Affrica 31 
 coulo not Co tocl make tbe fapo Diuulos: fo j that tbep be not fo toel knotocn,r. o i tie cd not fo much. 
 Cbts J tout c btcaufe in the fato £aro be maoe tbe faiD lines tj Unites, that pour tojofrjip fljoulo 
 fcnoerftanD tobcrefo je tbep ooe ferue. 3lfo returning to the fojefaioCapo verde, the coattgoetlj 
 <&outbtoatD to a Cape calleD Capo de buona fperanfa : tolj: rlj IS right ouer agautfl "be 6 o. $ 6 5 . 
 Degree of lonojtuoe. 9no bp this Cape go tlje Ipo? tingals to cljr tr S>yiccrtc. jf 0? from this Cape 
 totoaro tbe ©jicnt,is tbe lano of Calicut, as pour LojDlbfpmap fee in tljelj.aDlanD ouer againtt 
 tlje 1 3 o .Degree, jfro tbe fapo Cape of Buona fperanfa tlje coafi retu neth totoaro the line Cqui* 
 noctial,ano patting fo*nb,entrrtb tbe r ec fea# returning out,entrrtb again into tlje gulfe of Per* 
 Oa.anoreturnctljtotoarD the CqimtoctialUine,tiIltijat it commetb to tlje IjeaolatiD calico Cali- 
 cut afojefapo, ano from ttjencetrje coattmafeinga gulfc.tobere is the riuer of Ganges, returned} 
 totoaro tbe line to a beaoianD calico Malaca, tobere is tbe principal! -^p-ccrtc : 5 from this Cape 
 returiKtbanomafeetbagreatg«lfe,anDaftertbecoalIgofthrigl)t totoaro the Client, anooucr 
 againtt tbislatt gulfe ano coatt b:manp3lflanDs,tobicbbe3jflanDesof tlje S>piccricsof the <£m< 
 perour. QpontobicbtheliDonutjalsanDbebeattoariance, 
 
 %lit fapo coatt goetb totoaro tbe Orient, ano enoetlj right againfl tbe 1 y j. Degrees, ann after 
 returuetb totoaro tbe ©cciocnt 59o*ubtoarD : tobicb coaQ not pet plainelp ftnotoen,3 map icine 
 to the j^eto founo lanoe founo bp OS, that 31 fpafee of before. &o that 31 tlntuj toith this h?icfe Dt« 
 daration cf the Caro afojefapo. CiKell 31 Hnoto 3 ujoulD alfo bane Declares Ijoto tlje coatts toitb f 
 in tbe delight j of the ^caof Italierunne, Jc is plapnetijat pairing tbe (freights on the ^o,uij 
 fioe of tb it ^>ca af x r the coattof Granado,ano toitb tbit tobicb pertames to Spaine,is tbe conft of 
 tbat tobicb France Ijatb in Italic. 9nn then follotoetb m one piece all Italic , tobicb lanD bath an 
 arme of the -^ea^itb agulfe toljicb is calleo Mare Adriaticum. 9no in the bettome ofttjts gulfe 
 is tlje citie of Venice,9no on tlje other part of the fapo gulfe is Sclauonia,ano nert Grecia, then 
 tbe Qceits of Conilantinople, ano tben tbe lea calks Euxmus,tobtcb is toitbin tbe fapo ureigbtst 
 anocommingoutoftbefapD (tretgbtg, follotoetb Turciamaior (though noto on both Goes it is 
 calleo Turcia.) anofothecoaflruniutb&outbtoarD to Syria, ano ouer againtt tbefapoTurcia 
 flretbe3flanDSofRhodcs,Candic,anDCyprus. 3nDotteragatntt ItaliearethejfltinDS of Si- 
 cilia anD Sardinia. 9nD ouer againtt Spaine is Maiorca anD M.norca. 3n the cnoe of the gulfe 
 of Syria isludea. Sno front tljcnce returnctfj tlje roatt totoaro the ©rciDcr.t,tiilit connuiij ?o 
 tlje ttreigbts tobere toe began, tobicb all is tbe coafl of Afhike ano Baibarie. aifopourlcp' 
 fijip ajallonDerflanD that tbe coattes of tbe S>ea tb?ougbout all tbe too^lD , 3 baue coloureb tottfj 
 pelloto , foj tbat it map appeare tbat all tbat is toitbtn tbe line coloureo peiioto, is to be imagtneD 
 tobemainelanDo?3uanos:anDaIltoitboutthelinefo coloureo to bee &ea:tobrrebpit iseaGe 
 anolighttohnotoit. 9lbcitin this little roome anp other orfeription tooulo ratljerbauemape 
 itobfcuretbencleere. Snotbefapo coattsoftbe€>eaareallfet iuCI.p after the mancranofoime 
 as thep lie, as the nauigatton appwteth tbtm throughout all the €no, fatte onelp tbe coattes ano 
 3flcseftbe^picerteofcbe<!EmpfrourtobicbiB from ouer againtt tbe itfo.cotbearf. Degrees 
 •flongttuoe, fo; tbete coattes ano ficnations of tlje 3flanDs,e«erpoftl)e Cofmograpljers ano 
 
 pilots 
 
 jpott. 
 
(£\dJTiob. T/w«e.Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 217 
 
 -pilots of Portingal $ bpaync oo fee after ttjeti purpole. <I4je ©parnates moje towarDs tl;e © - 
 
 rtcnt 3 l)cr attfe tbrp ftoulo appeare to appertain to the «£mperour : | tbe poi, ungate mojc to WarD 
 
 tbei3DcciDcnt,fc^tUatt^cp(rjoulDfal\MUl)UUl)cirtariftiictton. feotbattbcpilotBanDnautgants 
 
 tbtt )Ct,tol)tcb in fudj cafes Iboulo Declare the trutlj,bp their inauflrie do fet tljem folftp eucrp one 
 
 to fatiour his prince. anDfa? this caufe can be no cercaine fituation of that coad ano Jtlanos, till &Mm t s 
 
 t!jt6DirTerencel)ctto)irttl)eml)eDrrifieD 4 j^ototocomctottjepurporeofpottrlojDnjtp9DeniaunD dmjmud. 
 
 touching the Difference between the Cmperour ano the king ot Porcingal,to bnDerfianD it better, 
 
 3 mutt Declare the beginning of tbis Difcotterie, though peraDuencure pour to?Dfliip map fap 
 
 that in that 31 batte written ought of purpofe, 31 fall in the pjouerbe, A gemino ouo bellum: igtit 
 
 pour ILojDiljtp commanoeD nte to be large, ano 31 take licence to be pjolinotts, anD Ibalbe peraD= 
 
 lienture tCDtotlS,but pout LojDUjip knoWCtb that Nihil ignorantia verbofius. 
 
 31n tlje peere 1484 tlje king of Portingal mmoeD toarme ccrtaine Carucls to Difcouertbis 
 ^piccrie. "Eljenfojafmurbas IjefcareDcljat being DifcouereD, eucrp otberpjince WoulDefenoe 
 ano trabc tbicber, fo that the coil atto penll of Difcouering fijoulo be bis, ano tlje pjofite common : 
 toherefojeftrabec gaueknoWleoge oftljis bis minoe to all pjincesCb?ittcnto,faping that bee 
 WoulDfeekeamongttcbeinftDefe' newe pofleflions of regions, ano therefore Woulo makeaccr* 
 taine atmie : ano that if anp of them WoulD belpe in the coft oftlje fapD armie, be fbouiB eniop Ijts 
 part ofthe pjofite 0? honour ibat ftottlD come of it. &nD as tben tbis Difcouering wasbclDenfci a 
 Orange tbing anDbncercatne. tftowetbepfep, that all tlje 'Pjinces of £bjiflcnDoitieanfwcrcD, 
 tljattbep Woulo be no part of fuctj an arnue, no? pet of tbe profit that migbt come of it. Sifter tlje 
 Which be gaite knoteleogc to tbepopeof bispurpofe, ano of tlje anfwere of all the Winces, Deli* 
 ring btnuljat Tectng that none Wotilobclpe in the cofles, tyat Oc tuoulD tuogc all tljat fljouto bee 
 founo ano bifcouereo to be of Ijis turifoiction, anD commannD that none other princes ujoulo in* 
 termeDDle therewith, qtljepopefapDnotasClj^Kfaith.Qiiisme conUituiciudicem inter vos? wtVovtw 
 Jj?eDiDnotrcfufe,butmaKtngljimf£lfeaslLojDanD3uDgeofaU,not onelp grantee tljat all that m*!)"" 1 ". 
 fljoulDbcDifconereDfromsD^tcnttoaDcciDentjUjoulDbetbekingcofPortingaijbutalfcthatbp'- 
 on great cenfures no other #jmce GjouId bifcouer but he. 9im if tijep DiD, all to bee the kings of 
 Portingal,. gjobearmcDafleetcanDintbepeere i407WereDifwuereDtbe3lu'anDsof Galicuc, 
 from Whence is bwugbt all the lpir.e be bath, 
 
 after tljtstntbeperc 1492 tljcfeingofSpainc Willing to DilcoucrIanDStoWarDthe©cciDenc 
 Without making anpfttch Diligence, 0? taking licence oftijekingof Portingal, armco certaine 
 Carucls,anDthenDifcoutreDthis India ©cciocntall, efpeckllp two 3!flanDS ofthefapo India, 
 that in tbis£arb 31 fetfojtb, naming the one la Dominica, anD the other Cuba,anD brought ccr= 
 tainegolDefrom tljence. SDf tlje tulrielj Uiljeu tlje fejug of PortingalbaDknctoleDge,befenttotbe 
 kingofSpainejreqmrtnghimtogiuchtmthcCapDSillanDS. Jfoj that bptljefcntence oftlje pope 
 all that ujotito be DtfcouereD was his , anD that bee fbouto not pjoceece further tri tlje Difcotterie 
 Without Ijisliccncc. 9no at tbefamc time it feemetlj that out of Caftil into Portingal (jaD gone 
 fojfcare of burning infinite number of Iiewes that were erpellcD out of Spaine, fo? tbattbcp 
 tooulD not turnc to be Ch?iff tans, ano carrieo with them infinite number of gotoe ano Bluer. %>o 
 that it feemetlj tljattljc king of Spaine anfwereo, that it was reafon that the king of Portingal 
 afktD,anb that to be obcDtentto that which the Pope bab Dccreeo, he woulo gtue Ijimtlje fapo 
 Slflanos oftlje Indies. 3SoWefo?asmuchasitWasDecreeDbetwirtthefapDe ktngs.tijat rtone 
 fhoulo rcceitie the others fubicctsfugitittcs,no£ their goobp,thetfo jetrjc king of Portingal (bouio 
 pap ano rcturne to the king of Spaine a million of goloc oj moje, that the 31ewes Ijao carptD out of 
 Spaine to Portingal, 9 that info Doing he WcttlD giue tljefe 3]flanDs, anD Dcfifffrom anp moje Dif= 
 coucring. ano not fulfilling tbis.be Woulo not cnelp not gtue tljefe Jflanos, but pjocub to Difco= 
 ucr mo?e Where him thought befl\ It feemetlj that tljcking of Portingal woulo not, 0? cculD not 
 With W cafe pap this moncp, 9nD fo not paping,t!jat he coulo not let tlje king of Spaine to Difco= 
 uet : fo that he enterp?ifeo not towaro tlje ©jicnt Where he IjaD begun 9 founo the fepiccrie.antt 
 confenteo to the king of Spaine,tb.ittoucbing this Difcouering thcpfijoulD DiuioetljeWojlDe be* 
 tWeene tljem two. 3nD tljat all tljatitoulD bcoifcoucreDfrom Cape Verde, Where this £aro bc- 
 ginnethtobccottnteDintlje Degrees oflongftuDe,to r8o oftljefapofcaleoflongituDe, Which is 
 halfe the Wo jto towaro tlje SD ?ient,$ ftntfljetrj in t his CarD right ouer againtt a litle crofie maDe at 
 thcfaiDi8oDegrees,tobethekingofPortingals. anDalltljelanDftomtbefatD Croffe teWarbe 
 the*!Dcciccnt,bntiH it iopnctlj With tlje other Crofle in tlje©?itnt, Which contcinctlj tbc otrjcr 
 htmti^thanDeightieDcgrces,thattstljeotheiijalfeofthcWo?lDe,tobetbetogofSpaines. gio 
 tljat from the lano ouer againa thcfaiDljunDjeth^cightpDegreesbnttll ttfimnjintljc tbjee hun= • • 
 
 D?eD ano CrtieonboththeenDs oftlje CatD.is tlje imifoiction of tlje kingofSpaine.<&oaftertljis 
 mancr thep DiuiDtD tlje Wo jlo betWecne tbf m, 
 
 ® J^oW 
 
2l8 
 
 ■3C&C longl* 
 tttDsa Hiiro to 
 t>c Conns our. 
 
 j&cln fount) 
 lanDDircoiu* 
 rrobptlje 
 
 eilBuftjlHCII. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, aSM.TioL Tborne. 
 
 ji*io ui to? cljac tljefe 3itlanDs ot ;«>ptceri> fait uecre the tcrme aim Itmttc s bet toer nc tbcfc $}m- 
 ccs(fo?as bp the fapo Caropou map fee tbepbcgm from one IjunDjcD anDltrtie Degrees oflongi' 
 tunc, aim enoe in 2 1 5 ) it fecmetlj all that falletb from 1 6010 1 80 Degrees, fljoulD be of Ponin- 
 gal: ano all tlje reft of Spaine, Slno foj that their Cofmograpljcrs ano pilots coulDe nota* 
 greeintbefttuation of the fapoe 3IflanDes (foj tlje Poningals fct tljcm all toitbin cfjeir 180 
 Degrees, ami the Spaniards fct them all tooitljout :) anDfoj ttjatiitmeafuring, all tlje Cofmo- 
 gtapbers of liocb partes, ojtoljat other that euer baue bene cannot giuecrrtaineo^tiertoniea^ 
 ftire the longituoe oftlje toojlDe , as the? Doe of tbelatittttc : fojtljat there is noffarre fireo 
 from €att toOaett, as aretbeflatresof the Poles fromjRojtljto <%>outb, but allmoouetb 
 totel) tlje mooning Dunne : no matter can bee founoe hoax crrtainf Ip it map bee meafureD, but 
 bp coniecturea , astlje.Oaut'gants [jane circctnco the toaptbep haue gone, 13uc it is mantfeS 
 tljat Spaine bao the fituation of al the lanes from Cape Verde.t otoaro the Client of $ Portingals 
 to their t So Degrees. 3tiD ittalltbcir Carocs tljcp neuer hitherto fct tbetatDe3|u'anDBtDicljin 
 their limitation of tbe fapo 180 Degrees , (though tbep knetoe berp toellof the 3flanDS,)till 
 note that the Spaniards DifcotiercD them, ano it is knotow that the king of Portingal haD crane 
 to tljefe Slflanos afojc ,but tooulD neuer fuffcr Portingal to go trjitljecfrom Calicut : fojfo much 
 asbcRncuitbat itfcllout ofbtsDommion : leaflbp going tbichcr tljere might come fome knoto* 
 Icoge of tljofc other 3fianBS of the king of Spaine , but bottgbttbe clotics of {^arcfjants of that 
 cauntrep,tbatbjougIjcthemtoCalicut,mucboerrertljrntbep tuoulobatte rotf.ifbe tjsDfentfoj 
 them, thinking after this matter it tooulo abiae albuapes ferret . Sno no to that it is DifcottereD be 
 finces ano keepes the S)naniarDS from the traoe all that he can. 
 
 3lfo it tbaulo feeme that toben this fojefaiD confent of ibe DiutCon of the toojloe tolas agrceo of 
 betuieene them, the king of Portingal bao alreaDp DifcottereD cerraine 3ifiaiiDrs tljat lie ouer a* 
 gainS Cape Verde, ano alfo ecrtatne part of the maine lano of India toiraro die %mtb , from 
 HihencehefetteB?afiII,anicaIleDittheIanDofBrafil, j%>ofo;j that all fljoulo come in bisccrme 
 anolimitcs, bcetooketbjeebtmDjeo ano feuentic leagues bepono Cape Verde: ano after this, 
 ijis 1 80 Degrees, being bis part of the teo?!oe, QjoulD begin in the Caroc right ouer againtf the 
 3 40 DegrcesjUiljerc 31 haue maoe a little compafTc tot: I) a croUe , ano OjouId finiflj at the 1 60 oe* 
 gtee, toljci e alfo 31 haue maDe another little marke. 9na aft cr this cotr.ptitacion Without anp con- 
 trotterGe, the 3 fianos of the fpicerp fal out oftlje Portingals Domination. $©0 that rtotoe tbe Spa- 
 niards fap to the Porcingals,thatiftt)cpri)OUlDbeginne their 180 Degrees from the fapoe Cape 
 Verde,totheintintthcpu)oulDejrtcnDemo?etoU)arDthc©?ient,anDfota touch tljofe SlflanDes 
 of the sbpiccrie oftlje Cmperour.tubiclj is al that is bettoeenc tlje ttuo crofTesmaDe in this Care, 
 ijjstt then the 3IflanDs of Cape Verde ano tlje lanDe of Brafil tljat the Portingals notoc obtaine, is 
 out oftlje fapo limitation, ano that tbep are oftlje Cmperottrs, 2D? if tljcir 1 80 Degrees tbep count 
 from the 3 70 leagues beponD tlje faio Cape Verde,to mcluoe in it the faiD JflanDS alio latios of 
 Brafil,tljcn plainelpappearctljthcfntD 180 Degrees fljoulo ftnifljlong befo;etljep rometoojefe 
 31 llanos oftlje Sipiccric of the Cmpcrour : 3s bp this Caroe pour io?Dfljip map fee. ff 01 tljetc 
 limits fljotilo begin at tlje % 40 Degrees of this CacDe,ano enDe at tlje 1 60 Degrees, inhere 3 haue 
 mm tttio little mar kes of the compaiTe toitlj croQes in trjem, 
 
 s@o tljat plainelp it fljouloappearebpreafou, tljat the portingals fljoulo leaue thefe Jflanos 
 of Gape Verde anDlano of Brafil, iftljeptuoulD bauepart of tlje fepiccrie oftheffimyerottrs: 
 O) els IjolDing tljefe, ctjrp haue no part tljere. %o this tbePo?tinga!s fap,that tbrp mill beginne 
 t^eir 1 80 Degrees from the felfe fame Cape Verde : fo? that it map ertenDe fo much mo?e to« 
 matDtbe ©?ient,auD touch tljefe aHanocs of the Cmperours: ano tooulDUiinne tljefe jiflanocs 
 of Cape Verde anD lanD of Brafil ncticrtljclt tTc,as a tljing that trjep poffelTeD before the cenfent of 
 this limitation luas maDe. 
 
 &o none can berelp tell totyil) batlj tt>e befl rcafon. ■CJjep be not pe t agrccD,Quarc fub Iudicc 
 
 lis eft. 
 
 T5ut toitljout Doubt (bp all conjectures of reafon) the fapo 3lflanDs fall all toitrjout the Iimf ta« 
 iioH of Portingal ,0110 pertainc to Spaine , as it appcaretlj bp tlje moft part of ail the Cams mace 
 ijpthePorHngals.fauethofetoljtchthcpbauefalfiueDoflatepurpofelp. 
 
 ^utnototouctiingthatpour io?Dfl)ipto?ote, tobether tljat tohich toe Difcouereo toucljetk) 
 anp thing the fo?efapo coalies : once it appeareth plainelp,tljat tlje jftettefounD lano that toe Difr 
 coucreD.is all a mainclano toitlj the Indie sSDcciDental^fromuihcnce the Cmpcrottr hat h all the 
 golD anDpeatles: ano fo continuetbof coattmo^e then 5000 leagues of lci;gt4asbp this Caroe 
 appeareth, Jf o? from the faio J2eto lanos itpjoceeDetlj tolaarD tlje ©rciDent to the Indies, ann 
 from tlje Indies returnctlj totoarD tlje ©?ient,anD after turnetb ^ottthwarB bp ttlUt come to tlje 
 &traitsof Todos S a ntos,tobicb3i reckon to be triojetben 5 000 leagues, 
 
 So 
 
l\d.l{ob:l home. 1 rafFiques,and Difcouenes. 219 
 
 £bo tyat co tije Indias u ttjoulo (cum: that me ijauc feme title , atleair that foj our Difcouering *> Dt c. 
 lue might trace cbitbei; as other coc, But all this is nothing necrc ttjc epicene. 
 
 JBoU) tjjCii if from tbcfapD ^cte fcunDlnnttg tijc §>ca be nautgablc, there iSnoDcubt, but g° {Wte6?tj« 
 fapUng ^njt'oluRin r,no yaiTuui ttje polc.terccnDmg to t!j£ Ccmmoctial line, toe (ball bit tljefe ^ 0I 
 3If[anDS , auo it ujouio be a mud; fiiojter map , then cither the sspaniarDs 0} the UDo^tingals 
 Ijaue. Jf H} toe be bitfant fromtije t^olc but tbirtp anD nine Degrees , ano from the ipole to the 
 Cruttiiocriiill be ninetic , tlje tob'.cb aoDcD together , bee an bunojcD ttocntp ano nine Degrees, 
 leagues 2489,311011)111-37440: QHbrretoc ftjoulDfinD tbcfe31flanDs, 9nDtbc5i2nuigationof 
 the fepaniatDs to the <§>piceric is , as bp this Caroc pott map fee, from Spaine to tlje Jiflanues 
 of Canarie , ano from tljefc JfliUioes tbcp runne once tlje line Cquinoctiall <g>otttblijarDC to 
 the CapeifcljemainelanDoftbeSlnDiaiis, calleDtljeCapccf^aintAuguftine, anD from this ^^([^a^ 
 Cape %uitbtoD3 to the Grants of TodosSantos, in the toijiebnattigationto the faio Craites ofMagciane. 
 is 1 700.0? 1 800 leagues ; am> from tbefe fetraites being patt fljem, tbcp rcturne totoaroe tlje 
 line iEquiiicTcrtalltottje Jiflsnasof S>piccric,Uiiiiclj arc Dift<mtfro»i tl)cfaiDe<§>tcnt£cs 4200,0? 
 430o.ieagties, 
 
 ©be nanigatton of tlje pojtingals to the faio 3!ffanoes is Departing from Poningal g>outlj'- 
 toarDtouiaroc the Cape Verde, ano from thence to another Cape palTutg the line equinoctial 
 
 callfD Capo de bona iperanfa,aUD from PortingaltO the Cape IS i8oolcagUCS, atlD fromtljiS 
 
 Cape to the 3lfiauDS of ^picerieof the (Empcrouris 2 5oo,leagites. 
 
 S>otfcat this nattigatianamountet!)ailt0 4?oo, leagues, 'S>otbat(asafoicisfapD,) if be* 
 tbjeen our 0.t\o foimo lanes o? Norway, o ) 3lHnnD,tbe feas totoaro tijc 33ojtlj be nauigablc,UJ2 
 iljoulD goc totbefeJlTanDSafijoucrtoapbpmojctbcn 2000, leagues, 
 
 Sino though uietocnc nottotbeftipoSliiaimes, fo?tbattbcparetbcCmpmurso?kings of #«« 
 Porringal 3 vjecfljouiacbptbebJap anDcommiiigonce to the ImeCquinoctioll, miDelatiDcsno 
 Icffe ricljc of goloe ano ^piccrie, as all other lanocs arclmDer tlje fapo line Cquinoctiall : ano al* 
 & ujDttlo , if toe map paffc bnoer tlje Jftojtb , entop tlje nauigation of all Tarrarie, sailjielj ujouio ■semati ta 
 lie no Irfle profitable to our comtiioDities of clotijjtljcn tljefc gjpicertes to tlje Cmpcrem-,anjr king l£ "3 lflnl) - 
 
 Of Portingal. 
 
 13 u t it is a general! opinion of all Cofmograpljers,tbat parting tlje fcucntlj clime,trje fea is all ©Action. 
 itt s ano tlje coloe fo nmrij cljat none can fuffer it. 9nc Ijttljerto tbcp bao all tlje like opinion, that 
 bnocr tljelincSqumoctiall fio? muebbeate tlje lanD uias unhabitable, 
 
 get fmcc(bp experience is pjoueo) nolans fo mud) Ijabitable no?mo?c temperate.SnD to con* «««»«'. 
 tluDcatljiaketljcfamefijoulD befottno unDertlje.T^ojtb, if it lucre crperimcntcD, Jfo^as all 
 iuDge, Nihil fit vacuum in rerum natura : gto 3 tuDge.tljcre is no lanD bnljabitabIc,noi gicaiK- a tnIC tpini3> 
 nauigablc. 3if 31 ftoulD lajttc tljercafont!jatp?efcntctlj tijisbnto mc,31 fboulD be toopjolirc,?,no 
 tt fcemctlj iiotrcrfttiltce fojttis parent matter. (SoDhuoUoetljtljatthcugrjbpita fijottlD Ijaticno Jtuopflgcof 
 great interca, pet 3! fpue Ijao ano ffill Ijauc no litle minD of tljis bufiuefu: J ©0 tbat if 31 Ijao fatal' " , ^". Dp 
 tietompuitlMtujoulDbetljefirlJtijingtbatSltooulDebnDerlTanD, cuentoatteinpt.ifour&cas s»Thamemrti 
 jfto?tljtoarb be nauigable to tlje LOole, a} no. 31 rcafon,t(jat as fomc fickeneffes arc IjcrrDitartous, ,^0 Lf %!m 
 ano come from tlje father to tljcfonne, fotljis inclination oj DefifeoftljiSDifcoucrsc 31 mfjeri- ftunmanb. 
 teo of mp fctljer, Uiljtcij toitlj anotljer marclj .mt of Briftow nameo Hugh Eliot, tuere tlje Difcouc-- mm"a^T 
 rcrsoftbej^eVufouuDlaiiDS, oftrjetoljicbtljcreisnoDoubtXasnotocplaindpappearetWiftlje M,6 S!£?J? 0,; 
 mariners tonulo tijen Ijauc bene ruIcD,anD folIotoeD tijeir UStlots mmDfjtlje lanosof tlje SxHefl In- airS B sebS 
 dies (from to'jence all tlje golo comm«b)ljaD bene ours, jfoj all is one coaft, as bp tbe Caroe ap* ^'^f 
 pearctlj^noioafojefapD, rcBa P t.«aiu. 
 
 aifo in tbis Cacae bp tlje coallcs toljcrc pou fee C, pour HojMjtp fljall bnoerGana it ti fet fo?, B ' u^u ' s • 
 Cape ojljcaDlaiiD.toljc re l.fo?, J lanD.voljercP.fojpojt.VBijctcR.fojEiucr.aifo in all rljts little 
 Caroc 31 tljinkc notljing be crrco toucljing tlje fttuation of tlje lano, fauc or.clp in tljefc 3JlaiiDs of 
 Epicene: to!jic!j,fo? tljat (as afozc is fapD) cuerp one fcttetlj tljem after Ijts minDe,trjerc can be no 
 certiScatio'.i Ijoui tljcp flatiD, 31 doc not nenicjtljat there lache manp tljings , that a ronfummate 
 Caroe ujottlD banc, oj that a right gooo Demontcration Defirctlj. ^0? tljere ujottlo be crp?cffcD all 
 tljemountauie s a«D Hiurrs thatarepjincipallofnamc in the earth, toitlj tijc names of pojtcs of 
 the fea,tlje names of all pjtincipall cities, tobiclj all 3 migljt Ijauc fct,but not in this Caroe, fo? tlje 
 litle fpacc toottlo not coufent, 
 
 gour Io?Dn)!'p map fee that fetting onelp t'nc names almott of euerp Kegion,ann pet not of all, 
 the roome is accupicD. ®anp Jjllaucs arc alfo left out,fo? tlje faio lack of roomctbe names almcft 
 ofall\i9ojtcsputtoftl£iice, Uiitljtljerofcsof tlje UiinDcso? points of tlje compatfe : Jf 0? tbat this 
 isnotfoj pilots to friplebpjbtitafummarp Declaration of that tohicljpotirlo?DfijtpcoirmianDCD, 
 SiiD if bp tijis £our io pfljip cannot tocl pctcetue the meaning of this Cat f,of the lubidj 31 tooulo 
 
 % Z «10t 
 
220 TheEnglifh Voyages, AlfRpb. Thome. 
 
 not marueile,bp rcafon oftlje tune compofition of it, toill it pleafc pour Lo?Dlbipco aouife mee to 
 make a bicker anD abetter 05appe,o? tie that 31 map caufe one to be mane, Jfo? 3! kneto mp felfr 
 
 in tbiSatlO all Other nothing perfect, but Licet fempet difcens.nunquamtamen adperfedtarn 
 
 fcientiam perueniens, alfo 31 knoto, to fet the fo?mefepbericalI of tbetoc?lD in Piano after the 
 true ruleof CofmograpbiejittoaulD baue bene maoe othertoifc then this is ; hotobcit the Demons 
 Oration (boulD not baue bene fo plaine, 
 
 ano alfo thefe Degrees of longtime, that 31 fet in tljc lotoer part of this carb.lboulD haue bin fet 
 along bp the line equinoctial!,?: fo then mu& be imagine!). Jfo? the Degrees of longituDc neere et« 
 ther of thepolesare nothing cquallm bigneffeto them in the Cquinoctiall, IBucrhcfe arefecfo, 
 fo? that fetting them along the <gquinoctiaI.it tooulD baue maoe obfeure a great part of the map. 
 SBanp other curiotities map be reqtiirct), tohicb fo? the nonce 31 Wo not fet Dotone,astocllfo? 
 that the intent 31 ban p?incipallp toas to fattffie pour Doubt touching the fpicme.as fo? that 31 lack 
 krafure ano time, 31 trufi pour !o?Dlbip correcting that tobich is crreD,toiIl accept mpgoqo mill, 
 tohtch is to Doe anp thing that 31 map in pour £o?Dfljips feruice, 3Buc from henceforth 3 fenotoe 
 pour Lo?Dfl)ip toill ratljer commaunD me to her pe uTenec,tbcn to be large, tohen pou Cball betoea* 
 rteD toith, tlje reaoing of thisDifcottrfe, 31efus pjofper pour ettate ano health* 
 
 Your Lordfhips 
 
 Robert Thome 1527.' 
 
 Alfo this Carbe anD that tofjich 31 to?tte touching the fearianee bettoecne the Cmpcronr ann 
 the fting of Portingall, is not to be fhetoeD 0? communicateD tljere toith manp of that court, 
 jfoi though there is nothing in it pjeiuDiciall to the Cmpcrour, pet it map be a caufeofpaineto 
 the maker : as toell fo? that none map mafee thefe CCatDrs, but cer taine appointeo ano allotted 
 fo? mailers , as fo? that peraDuentureittooulDnotfomtDtoelltotbem, thatadrangerfljoulB 
 isnoto 0? Difcouer their fecrctes : anotooulo appeare too?ff of all, if tljep bnDerttano that 31 to?ite 
 touching the ujo?t map to the fpicerie bp our Seas. Chough peraouenture of troth it is not to 
 be lookeo to, as a thing that bp all opinions is Snpoffiblc, anD 31 thinke neuer toill come to effect : 
 ano therefo?e neither here no? elfe inhere is tt to be fpofeenof, Jfo? to moueit amongtt totfe men, 
 itujoulDbeebaoittDcriGon. 9nB therefo?e to none 31 tooulD haue to?i«cnno? fpoken of fucfj 
 thtngs.butto pour Lo?Dfhip,totohom bolDlp3I commit in this all mpfooliu) fantafie as to mpfelf. 
 •35ut if it pleafe 60D that into England 3i map ccme toith pour Lo?Dfhip , 31 toili fibeto fome con* 
 lectures of reafon,thougb againC the generall opinion of Cofmographers,bp tobich fihall appeare 
 this that 31 fap not to lacke fome founoation, 9nD till that time 3 befeccbe pour lojoibip let it be 
 put to Clence : anD in the meane feafon it map pleafe €>on to feno our ttoo Cnglifbmen, that are 
 gone to tl;e fpicerie, tohicl) mapalfoi ?ing mo?e plaine Declaration of t|jat tohicb in this cafe 
 might be oefireo. ' , 
 
 aifn 3 knotoe 31 neeDeb not to fjaue beene fo p?olire in the Declaration of this Carce to pouc 
 iLo?Dfljip,iftl;cfapDCarDehaDbeneberpU)eIlmaDeafterthc rules ofCofinograpljie. jfo? pour 
 &o?ofljip tooulD foonebnoerltanD it better thenj, o?anp other that couMjauemaDeit: ano fo 
 it Q;oulD appeare that 3 fhetoeD Delphinu natare, USttt fo? that 3 haucmaoe it after mp ruoe ma-- 
 ner it is neceffarp that 3 be theDecIarero?gtofer of mine otontoo?fce,o?els pour io?Dfl)t'p (boulo 
 haue haD much labour to tonocrfiano it , tobich noto toith it alfo cannot be ercufeD, it is fo groffel? 
 cone, Sat 3 kneto pou lookcD fo? no curious things of mee, ano cberefo?e 3 trull pour 1.o?d* 
 fiiia mill accept this,anDholD me fo?ercureD, 3nothermens letters that thep to?ite thepcraae 
 paroon that at tht^ p?cfent tljep to?ite no larger : but 3 miittfinifij.affu'ng paroon that at t&i? p?€« 
 fcnt 3 to?ite folargelp. 3efus pjeferue pour £o?Dfbtp toith augmentation of Dignities, 
 
 Your feruant Robert 
 Thorne,i527. 
 
 Efitaph'mm M.^oberti Thorn\ } fepdti in Ecdejia 
 TemfUricrum Londmi. 
 
 1 Obertus iacei hicThornc, quemBriftolia quondam 
 I Pritoris mcrito legic ad officium, 
 JHuicctcnimfemper magnz Refpublica curj, 
 Charior & cunftis patria diulrijs. 
 Fcneinopiauxilium,triftescomponerelitcs, 
 
< rhe^eneal.oftbe e D.qfMq/c.Tr2iffic^ues > dc Difcoueries, zzi 
 
 Duke huic confilio quofque iuuare fuit, 
 Qui pius exaudis mifcrorum vota precefque, 
 Chriitc huic cceli des redone locum. 
 
 D 
 
 A briefe Treatife of the great Duke ofMoJcouia his 
 
 genealogic,being taken out of the Mofcouites 
 
 manufcript Chronicles written 
 
 by a Polacke. 
 
 ■fchathalmoff euer bene ttie cuttome of nations;, in fcarcfjingout cFje tu- 
 fancie anD flrtt beginnings of their cffate , toafcribe the Tame onto fuel) 
 authors as liueb among men in great honour ano cudued mauktnoc With 
 feme one oj other ercrllcnt beneSte. JftoWe, this tnu?eo Defire of all 
 nations to bla^e anD fct foojth tljeir otonc petigrrc bath fo much p?r- 
 uapIcD With the greater pact, that leauing t!jc bnooubtcD trueti), tbep 
 banc betaken thcmfclucs bnto meere fabled ano fictions. yea ano the 
 Chronicles of manp nations Written in Diners ano funojieages Doe tcfti* 
 fie the fame* Sticit fo the Grecians boatteo cljac tbcv lucre richer Aucoc3hones,thatis earth* 
 b?eDDe, 0} elslineallp ocfccnoeo from the (Sods. auottjeEomans am'rmc that Mars teas fa- 
 cbec bnto their firft founoer Romulus, Eight Well therefore ano iuDiciallpfapthTiiusLiuius: 
 jQeitljec meane 3! to auouch (quoth be) llE t0 Difable or confute thofe thmges Which before the 
 butlDintr, ano founbation of the Citie Ijaue becne repojteD, being more abomcD ano f caught 
 With poeticall fables then With incorrupt ano facreo monuments of tructlj; antiqtiiiie is 
 to be parooneo in this befaalfe,namelp in iopntng together matters hiftojiraU ano poeticall, to 
 make the beginnings of cities to fee me the more honourable, jForfith antiqttitpitfelfc isac 
 tompteo fuchanotable argument of trucnouilitp, eucnpriuate men in all ages Ijaue content 
 Deo thereabout, (SUberefoje citizens of Rome being oettrous to mane Demonff ration of their 
 <Scntrie , ttfe to haue their aunceffours acmes pautteo along the Wallcs of their honfes : in 
 Which rcgaree thep mere fo puffeD bp, that oftentimes tJjcp woulD arrogantlp Difoainc thofe 
 men, Which bp their oWnc uertuc hao attaincD bnto honour. 3In like forte poets , When 
 the orfginallof their Wojthmes ano braue champions was either btterlp bnknowen oj foinc- 
 tohat obfeure, Wouloofte referee it bnto their (Sods themfclues. <%o in tljcfe our Dapes (to 
 lette patfc others) the CurkiibCmpcrour With grcrt pie function boattctlj himfclfc to bceoe* 
 fecnoebof thcCroianblooo, like wife the great Duke of Mofcouie, to make himfelfe anD bis' 
 preoecelfours fceme themoje fouercigne, Deriucth the beginnings of his parentage from the 
 KomaneCmperours, peaeuen from Auguflus Cefar, albeit therefore no man is fo fonoe 
 as to accept of this report for trtietb , pet will Wee briefly fct DoWne What trje Spofcouites 
 haue Written in their Chronicles as touching this matter. 
 
 Auguftus (beleeue it who littctlj ) Ijao certaine brethren or kinffblkes Which Were ap- 
 popnteb goucrnours otier outers pjouinccs. amomgft the red one Pruflus (of WljomePruf- 
 iia Was namcD) hab his place of gotitrnmcnt atfigneo bnto him bpon thefhore of tlje eattertt 
 or TSaltick fea, ano bpon the famous riuer of Wi«l. Cljis mans grauno chtloren orne< 
 phewesof the fourth generation WereRurek,Sinaus, anoTruuor, who likeWifeinhabiteDin 
 tlje berp fame places, JKHhcreas therefore at the betp fame time the Ruffians or tlje £pofco« 
 nicest Without anp ctutll regiment poffe iTeo large ano fpaciotts territories toWaros the north, 
 the fojefapo three brethren, bpon the pcrfwafion of one GoRomiflius the chiefe citizen of 
 Nouogrod, in thepeare Once tlje WorlDes creation (according to the computation of the Ruffil6 , canie 
 ©reekes)^ 70, which Was in thepeare of our lojo 57s, were fentfojj, to bearerule. ciaunnfpac 
 Sno fo iopning their kinfman Olcchus bnto them, ano DiuiDing tljefe huge cotmtreps a-- ot ° w *°i* 
 mongthcmfeluesjthep labotireD to rebuce the barbarous anD fauagc people bnto a ciuillkinbe ' 
 ofufe. 
 
 Sinaus anD Truuor beceatmg Without itfue , Rurek fucceeDeb aim lefte a fonne behinoe him 
 nameb Igor; wljo not being of fufficient peres to bearerule, Was conimitteo bnto the protcc* 
 turn of his kinfman Olechus. %\yi fapoe Igor begate of OIha oatigljtcr bnto a citijen of 
 Plefco(Wljo, after her hufbanoeWas Haine bprjis enemies, taking her icurncp to Conftan- 
 tinople , Was there bapti?eo bp tlje name of Helena ) a fonne calltD Scoflaus, wljo fought manp 
 battels With the ncighboitr cotmtreps. IpoWbeit at length Stoflaus was fiapnebp bis foe, who 
 making aDjinkiug cup of bis fkull, engraneo tljerupou in jfoloen letters this ftnter.ee 3 Peeking 
 
 % 3 after 
 
■- - - ■ ■ I ll 
 
 ziz The Englifh Voyages, Tbegcneal.ofthe D.ofMofc 
 
 after otbermtns, Ijeloff bis otone. l)t left bebino Ijim tij?ec fonnes,m.melp Teropokhus,01e- 
 ga.anaVulodimir. ©be toljicb Vulodimirbautng Baincbi8ttoob?ctbjen,bccame folcgoucr* 
 nourofRuflia, o?(as tlje Mofcouites call it) Rofleia, 1)1$ otoue felfe. ©bis man beginning 
 at length to loatlj ano mtfltke tlje etljnik religion , ano the nmltttuoe of fnlfe goes , applgeo ijis 
 tuinoe unto tlje religion of Chrift , ano bauing taken to toife Anna fifler Onto Bafjlius ano Con- 
 ftantinusCmperours of Conftantinople.toas together toitb bis toljole nation, in tbepcarcof 
 Chrift 988, bapti?eo, ano imb?aceo the <£lj}iflian religion , toitb the rites ano ceremonies oft^e 
 CSreeke Cburcb,ano Ijis name being cbangeo, be toas calleo Bafilius* 
 
 IjpotobeitZonaras repojtetb tljat before tbetimeof Vulodimir,Bafilius CmperourofCon- 
 ftantinople fent abifijop Onto the IRuu'ians.bp tobofe meanes tbep toere ror.uerteo onto tbe Cb?t* 
 Biari faith, ij)e repojtetljmojeouer that tbep tooulonot be perftoaoco toilette tbep migbt fee a mi* 
 racle thereupon tlje faiobiujop bailing maoe bisp?apersbntoalmigbtp ©oo, tljjetoc tljc booke 
 of tbe Cuangelifls into the fire.tobicb rematneo tbere bnconfumeo. 3no tbat bp tljis miracle tbep 
 toere mooueo to giue creoitebnto tbeooctrine of Chirft.ano to ronfomie tbcmfelucs tbercumov 
 
 ©befonneBOfVulodimirtoeteVuifeflaus,Ifoflaus,Iaroflaus,SuatopoIcus,Boriffus,Glebu», 
 
 Stoflaus,VuIzcuolodus, Staniflaus, Sudiflaus, ano Podiustoljo oico inljis cbiloljtoo, 3mongtt 
 tbercfiOtieallRufliatoasDiuioeobptbeirfatber, tohonot being contcntes toitb their potions, 
 but inuaoing each other, bJeremoCcftbcmHainebp their mtituallcontcnticns.BcnflusanDGIe- 
 bus irtregaro of their holp conuerfation toert rcgiBreofo j g>aints,toljofefea8$ are cuttp peere 
 ceiebjateo toitlj threat folemnitie bpontlje ttoetftb of jjSoucmbcr. 
 9t length Iaroilaus onlp got the S»ouereigne autljo jitte into bis otone banos,anb left bebintt 
 
 him fotire fotmes , VvIodimir,lfoflauus, Weceflauus, and Vufzeuolodus. 
 
 nw , Che fo^efaio Vulodimir fonne of Iaroflaus krpt b'S refioence at tlje ancient citie cf Kiow 
 
 flawing opontbe riuer of Borifthenes, ano after Diners conflicts toitlj bis kinfmen, bailing fub* 
 oueoalltbe pjouinces ontoljimfcUe, toas calleo Monomachos , tljat r.B,t&e oneip tljampoin* 
 ©bis man (foj '% tljinke it not amiffc to report tbofe things toljicb tljeir otone Manufcript Cb?o« 
 nicies mane mention of) toageo toarre againfl Conft amine tljeCmperour of Conftantinople, 
 ano tohen he bao toatteo $ onerrun Thracia,bcing returnee borne toitlj great ano rich fpoplc s,an» 
 making preparation fo?netotoars,ConrtantincfentNeophytus tlje Spctropolitane of Ephefus 
 anottooTBiihopSjtoithtljtgouetnourof Amiochia, anoEuftaphiustbeSlbbatof Ieiufalem,to 
 pjefent rich ano magnificent gifts fcnto b'm ; as namelp,part of tlje crcfic of our &auiour Chrift, 
 a crotone of golo, a Dnnking cup curtouflp maoe of Sardonyx flone.a tloake fet all cucr toitb pje* 
 ciousflones.aiiO agoloenchnine; commaunocothemto faluteljim bp the name ofCzar(tobirjj 
 name,as it map bepjootieo bp manp arguments^?, nifictlj a hing.ano not an Cmperour) ano con* 
 clueco a mofi inuiolable league of ami tp ano f cieno (hip toitlj (jinn 
 
 ©he fo?efapO Vulodimir begate Vufzeuolodus the feconO. %\)i$ Vufzeuolodus lefte eight 
 fonneSbebinDhimjMifciflauSjIfoflauSjStoflauSjTeropolcus^eceflauSjRomanuSjGeorgiuSj 
 anOAndrevv. Cbe fonne-UofGeorgetoereRofeflauSjAndreWjBafilius^nO Demetrius, - : -\ 
 , 2 - - Demetrius begat George, toljo in the pere 1 2 j7,toasflainebponeBathy a Tartarian Bukei 
 
 tohicbBathytoaBeoMofcouiajanofubDueothcfamebntohimfelfe, S>inretoljicbtimctbe5Ruf» 
 Bans toere tributarp to tlje 'SLartarBjanOtoeregouerneo bp fucljoukcsastbeppleafeotofet oati 
 them, t>otobcit the Tartars fo grcatlp abufeo tljat autho?ttie,tbat toljen tljep fent their ambtifla* 
 Oours bnto the p?ince of Mofcouie,he toas conflraineo to goe fo?th ano meete toitlj tljem, ano (a>l 
 Herbortus Fulftinius in Ijis Polonian bi&ojierepojtetlj) to offer tljem a bafon full of mares milk, 
 «no if tbep (jao Ipiit anptohit thereof opoit their bo?fesmaines, to licke it off toitb bis toung.ann 
 ttautrtpj conoucteo tljem into bis pjincelp court, to Banc bareljeaoeo befo?e tljem tobile tljepfate 
 Botone,anotoitballreuerencetogiueeare anoattenoance bntotbem. Uutbptobatmeanestljcp 
 (hookeoffat tljelengththispoakeoffcruituoe,3!toillfo?thtoithoeclare, . 
 
 9bout the fame time almo8allPolonia,am)theOukeoomeofSilefiatoereouerrunbp the 'Car* 
 tars toitb fire ano ftoojo.ffiHho hauing burnt Prefla tlje cbiefe citie of Silefia^ being come before 
 tlje citie of Legnitz,thep fought there a moft cruel anoblooop fielo,toherin toas Bain ouke Henri* 
 Ijimfelfe being fonne onto tlje mofiljolp ano oeuoutlaopHeduice, toitlj manp others, toijofit 
 monuments ano graues be as pet ertant in funo?p places, ano toitlj an infinite multituoe of com* 
 monfouloicrs J infomuchtbattlJe'3tartars6lleDnineg^♦atrackes , toitljthe earesof themtohirfj 
 tbep hao Baine, ©be ©artars to the cno tbep might obtame the btcto?ie,p?efcnt(0 bnto the bieln 
 of ourfouloierstljepojtratureofamans heao plareo bp arte maginjft) bponabatme^toljcreirt 
 tlje letter X. toas painteo.toljich being fijaken ano mooueo bp ar.oootene b?eatbcD foojtfja-moS 
 loatljfome flcnclj,f Brooke fuclja terrour into the hearts of rut men, that being as it toercaBoni* 
 Bjeotoithtb;efnakpbifageofMedu[a,tbeptoetebtterlpDauntcDanDoifmapeo. • s 
 
 S 3 4from 
 
Thegeneal.oftheD.ofMofc. TrafBques,<$c Difcoueries. 223 
 
 jfromtbence Bathyanobis company toitljtbe fame blooDtbirflie intent marcbeb intoHunga- 
 rie,ai>D bao almotr flaineking Bda the fourth, toljo together toitb bis Tonne efcaping bp fltgfjt did 
 fcarcelp riooe tljcmfelues out oftbe enemies Ijanb.SnD tohen the toboic ujojId almou" tuascjetee- 
 otnglpterrifieo at tljecrueUinuafion? of tljts mod barbarous nation, at length pope Innocen- 
 tius tlje fourth fenDing ambalTabours bnto Bathy obtainco peace foj fiue pecres : but to fojfake faBours wcr/ 
 his beatbauftj fuperBitions ana to become a Ctj?tuwn, bee ujouId by no meares bee perfmaoeD. £bJm* ♦«« 
 jfo^hetoasbptljW&gationoftbeSaracensinfecteDtoitlj ceuiuflj opinions of Mahomet, as E«i'«:iaap&> 
 beingmoje agreeable unto bis barbarous ruDenes,tobicbeuenbnto tljts Dap tlje TarcarsDo main* u "" fln ' 
 taine, like as tlje pjopbane Turkcs alfo. 
 
 CljtSBathyljaDaConnecaHeDTamerlanjtotjometbeMofcouitesCaUTemirkutla, toholikc* »j 
 
 toife, asit isrecojDtD in biflojies,attaineD bnto great renoume. JFoj he caries about toitb Ijim in a 
 cageBaiazet tlje ^utkiQ) CEmperour being fettereo in goloencbaincs,anD maoe him alaughimr, 
 itocke bnto all men. 
 
 LetbsrotorcturnebntotbeRuirians.GeorgebeingflameJaroflaus bisb?other fttccecbeo 
 
 in his wome, anoieft behillDC him thjec fomtesjheodorus, Alexander anb Andreas.Daniel tlje 
 
 fonneof Alexander firfl effabliftjeo Ijis ropall feate in tlje citie of Mofco,ano magnifictntlp buil= ^ r ' o c, fi ,,e ft 0f 
 oingtbecaflletehich before time h^b bene obfcurc,hetookebpon htm the title of the great Duke maoet&efeate 
 
 ofRu(Iia/J!?ehaomteComieS,namelp ) George,Alexander ) Boriflus : ,Ophon!as J anoIohnXhiS m3RV Ma 
 
 Iohnfucceeoebh's 1 father, {•uDbecaufcljecontinuaUp carieDafcrippcabouttoitbbimtobelloto 
 ■elmes, he toas GtnamtD Kaleta.tobicb toojD fignifietb a fcrippe^is (brings toere,Simeon,iohn, 
 
 anbAndrew.l^egaue bnto his fonne Simeon tljepJOUinteS Of VvlodiiiiiriaantiMo(couia:Uihicrj 
 
 Simeon Deceafingtoithout ilTue bis bjotrjer Iohn fucceeDeD,tobo begate a foime caUen Demetri- 
 
 us. %\)V& Demerius IjaD feuen fbnnes.namelp Daniel, Bafilius, George,Andrew, Peter, Iohn, 
 
 fConftantine.Bafiliusreigneb after hie fatljersceatb.^hismatiin;inheriting his fonnctoljicb 
 mas calleo after bis otonenaute, becaufe he fufpcctcD his mother of aoulterte , at his Death fur-- 
 reiwjeo his Dukeoome bnto his brother George, uubo kept his nepbetoe a long time in pjttoit, 
 CpotobeitatbtS Death, tbotighbtmfclfe babttoo fonnesnamelp Andrew anD Demetrius, pet be- 
 ing ttricken perhaps toitb remo jfe of confeience, be bettotoeo tlje Dukeoome bpon bts nepheto \ . 
 Bafilius. Slgaintt tobom his ttoo coufins bearing a grubge toageb toarre, anD at length Ijauing ta< 
 ktnljimbpattplpftratagemethepputoutljisepes. jSottoitbffanDittg tlje Boiarens(fo?fb tlje 
 Mofcouites call their nobles) contmueD their ouetifullalleageance bnto this their bltnoe Duke, 
 tohomfo>htsblinbnesthep calUDCziemnox,tbatistofap,oarkeojDarkenco. Ipelefta ferine 
 ttrjinDehimcalletjIuanVafilowichtohobptt^jttheRuiriancom!!iontoealth,beingbefo?ehiS iuanvaruowicb. 
 time but obfcure,bnto great ercellencie ana rcnotome. 3Bho that Ije mtgljt the better get all the 
 fuperio jitp into bis otone Ijanos put to Death lb manp fonnes ano nepbetocs oftlje former Dttkes 
 as Ije coulb lap halo on , anb began to tafee bpon him the title of the great Dvkt of Vvlodimiria, 
 
 Mofcouia, aim Nouogardia, anb to call bmtfelfe the Monarch 0} Czar of all RufTia. J?e brought Cfje name of 
 
 totbet bis fubiection ttoo principal! cities, namelp Plefco beingthe onlp toalleo citie in all Mof- Sn "SSamA- 
 couie,anij Mouogrodjboth of tbem being in regain of traffic moll riclje anD flourifljing cities, 
 anbha«ingbinfubiectbntotheLithuaniansfo?tljefpaceof5o,peercsbcfo?e. 'Che treafure of 
 Nouogrod tuas fb erceeuing, that the great Dufee is repo?ten to Ijaue carrieb home from thence 
 3 oo, carts laben tottl; gobi anb Hitter. 
 
 tyz alfo luas tlje firflmanajatiBageo roarre again!! the Polonians txa the Liuonians: agm'nil 
 Polonia he pjetcnoeb a qttarell, allcaging that hisbaugljter Helena (tohome Ijee Ijao marrieo bn- 
 to Alexander tlje great Duke of Litnuania, buhtclj toas aftertoarb king of Polonia),iuas eutl in* 
 treateb,anb bias toitljtijatuenfrom tlje (Ereektuj religion bnto tlje ceremonies oftlje Church of 
 Rome.TBtttagainit the Liuoniansfo? none other caufe,btttonelpfoj an increDtbleneltre of enlar» 
 ging his Dominions. SpoUibeit tufjat tmpulGuc caufes oflitle c} no montcut happeneo in tlje mean 
 feafon, toe totll in another place moje plainclp Declare. Jftoturith (tanning Ije toas berp often ann 
 tttDiuersbattels banqtiittjcD bp Plettebergius the great mailer of tlje Dutclj kmgljts'.but it is not 
 to the pucpofe to ttanD anp longer bpon this otfeottrfc. 
 
 ■ J&ettasmarricbfirilbutoMarie tljeDukcofTyuerskyljis Danghttr,anDof her heebegate 
 lohnjbntotoljam inljis life timehe furrenD?eo his DukeDome,anD marrieo him bnto tlje Daugh* 
 ter of Stephan the palatine of Moldauia : toljicb Iohn,aftcr IjehaD begotten his fonne Demetri- 
 us, beceafebbefo^ehisfather. 
 
 aftertoaraluanVafilowichafojefaioe marrreb a toife calleb Sophia betngDaugbter bntu 
 Thomas Pala;logus,\i)btch isreponeDto Ijatte Ijati fjcr rjoto?p out oftlje popes treafutp,becaufe 
 theMofcouiceljaDp?omifeotoconfo?mebimfelfebntotI)eEomtuj Church, ^his Sophiabeing 
 atoontan oTapjtncelp anb arpiringmiiaie, anb often complaining tljatfije toas marneb bnto the 
 iJ Tartars 
 
 
•£fW PofM Of 
 
 t\)t ^Tartars 
 fijahenoa; 
 
 Bjfiliui. 
 
 224. The Englifh Voyages, Tbe g<zneaLofthe < D.of Mofc* 
 
 Tarcars baffal,at Icngtlj bp Ijec inOanc intrc.it tc ano continual pc r teaftoiw 3 ann bv a notable ftra- 
 tagnnefbccattoffthatflauiujpokeberpmnebbnbefeeming Co migbtpapxincc. Jfo? toljcreas 
 tlje Tartarian Duke ban bis pxocuratours anD agents in tbe ^ofcouitcs court, tubo eiMc itt 
 ttjeic otune boufes built iu it bin tbe beep cattle of Mofco, ami lucre epe toitneues of an affaires 
 tuhi cb toe re t b ere perfo jmeo : Sophia fain (be teas aomonifhcD from tjeatten to builoe a temple 
 in tbe felfe fame place tobere tbe Tartars boute ttooDe,ano to confeeratc it bnto Saint Nicholas; 
 35eing t berf oie Dcuuereo of a fonne (be inuttco tlje Tartarian Duke bnto the folemne baptising 
 of Ijim, ano bcrtng come , fbcerequettco Ijiin to giue bcr his boule ,ano obtaineo it at bis bancs, 
 GLthiclj boufe being ra?coano tbofc Tartarian cfpialsbeeingercluOcD . tbe Tartars at length, 
 toere quite bereaueo anD b t t crip DifpoffelTcD of tljet'r authoxitie toljicb tljep Ijao etercifeo ouer tbe 
 Ruffians fox manp peres,ano coulo neuer pet r ec ouer it; albeit tbep baue giuen funoxp attempts. 
 Of big toife Sophia <je begate fire cbitojen,namelp,a Daugbter calico Helena, 9 due fonnes, trjat 
 
 IS to fap.GabricI.DemctriuSjGeorgejSimcon.anO Andrew. 
 
 %l)t DukeDome of rigbt appertapneo bnto Demetrius the fonne of Iohn, tohicb teas 
 tljcfonncof Vafilowich lip bis fird marriage, ^pouibeit SophiapiettaileD lb tottbher bufbanD, 
 tbat neglecting fyis gratino-cbiloe Demetrius, fcecbeflotoeDbis Dukeoome bpon Gabriel bis 
 fomtc. 
 
 Andrew tljepoungcrkao a fonne caHeo Vvlodimir, of tobom Mary toasbome, tohicb in the 
 pecteof Cljxift 1573. toas marten bnto Magnus tlje Duke of Holft. 
 
 Gabriel batting obtained tbe gceat DukeDome of Ruflia,cbangeo W name callmgbitnfclfe Ba- 
 iilius, ano applies bis minoe to tbe atcbietting of bigb ano great enterpiifes, Jfoxbce ceoucco a 
 great patt of the oukcoome of Mofcouie,toljicb Vitoldus tbe great Duke of Lithuania heloe tn 
 poficfrion.uuoer bis oumeiurtfotction.anouionnc upon theriucrofBonfthenes(o>btcb tbe Suf* 
 CanscallNeiper)manpcitiesani3efpeciallpSmolenfco,intbe pcereofour JloiD 1 ji^tyautng 
 ta»v«Biowich. tjiuoTceo Ijts firit luife, bee begate of Helena Daughter bnto Duke Glimkie, Iuan Vafilowich, 
 tobiclj noli) this picfeut 1 5 So.reignctlj as great Duke,fl)cc toae boxne in tbepeere of out ioxoe 
 1 528,tbei5^faugtu1,firebouresaftectberi(ingoftbefonne»€ljegreat Dukttome of Ruflia 
 fcllbntotbefaiDluanVafilowichtntbefiftbpeereofbisage, bautng hw uncle George fox fats 
 great piotectox : being 25 .peeres of age.ano being of a ttrong boop ano of a couragious mino be 
 fubotteotbe^artars of Cazanano Aftracanbpon tbe rtuer of Volgha,carrping their %)uke$ 
 ano cbicftaiucs into raptiuitie. 
 
 TSut bp nifjat toapes ano meancs 'after tbe league toljirij bp tbe ince rcccttion of tlje mouTacrels 
 IRoman «Empcrour,continuco from tbe peere 1 50 3 . fox tbe fpace of fiftp preres.toas etpireD)ha* 
 uing renetoeo tear res againtt Liu on i a,bee biougjjt tbat mod flouriujing p?ouinee into cjttrcame 
 nnfene.bltngfoxtbefamepurpofeanetopietenfe.annalleaDging tbat it belongeD bnto bint bp 
 rigbt of inbcrttance,31 tremble to recount:ano tt reqtriretlj a large bittoite, tohicb perbaps in time 
 ano place cotmenient Come moielearneo then mp felfe mill take bponthem to aDDxeffe, 
 
 jjpc is ercceoinglp aooicteo bnto pietp ano ocuotion,anD Dotboftentimes obfertte berp ffriet fa* 
 flings and abftinence toitlj bis monks:anD toljcr as tlje Ruffes in Doing reuerence 9 ao 03 at ion bn< 
 to (Sod Doe beate tbeir foicbeaDS againfl tbe grouuD ,tbis Iuan Vafilowich toitb perfojming of tbe 
 fame cercmonie caufctb bis foxebcao to be ful ofboines ano ftoellingSjauD fometimes to be black 
 ano bleio,anD berp often to bleeD.ipe is mutbDeligljteD nritb builoing of Cburcbes ? fparetb no 
 toft fox tbat purpofe i <E&betber tljerfoie bp natures? (toljtcij bee pxetenDetb to be tbe caufe) bp 
 tcafon of bis fttbiccts malice | treacberiejje be fb aooicteD bnto all rigour anD crueltp.31 Bare not 
 Determinejefpectallp Gtljenslje batb not an illiberal ox miftjapen countenance, asAttilaisrepoi* 
 teD to baue bao.35f bis firfibJ'.febJbicbbjas fitter bnto Mikna Romanowich, beeing notoe great 
 ttetoarD ofrjts bou(bolD,lje begate ttoo fonneSjnamelp Iuan anoThcodore.anD albeit be teas fine 
 times marricD, pet bao be not one cljiloe moxe, 
 
 <!Bbercas tljfe Iuan Vafilowich bponcertaine friuolousreafbns calletb^t'mfelfe tbe naturall 
 lojc of Liuoniaj tbougbt it not amiffe to aoce an Spittle hereunto, tobich toas tontten bp a cec« 
 tatnc bo nourablc man concerning tbe fame matter. 
 
 S. ailbjcctobicbinbabttetbis ^jouincetoitb allfeemelp reuerence ano fttbmtflton of mino, 
 Dooffermoflbumbletbankabntotbe^mperoxamottfacreDanDpeetelettemaitu^outmoCgra* 
 ciotts loxD,in tbat accoxoingto bisfatberlp affection tobicb bebearetbtoBiarDsallCb?ifl«>«ome, 
 ano foi tbe gooo | commooitp of tljts our DiftcefleD anD afflicteD countrep,tbbitb tbefe manp peres 
 batb bin in tteaD of a bultearke againtt tlje inuafion of barbarous nations, be batb fent |is ambat> 
 faboiebnto tbe great ouke of Mofcouia, 3]n regart of bihiclj bfe fatberlp loue anD great benefite 
 boucbfafeDonbs, toeeare reaoptoben occafion {ball ferue, toaDucntuce our bites ano gooos: 
 pjaptng in tlje meant feafon bnto aimigljtte <$oo,l»hoi0 tbeonrtj ettabliajer ano cenfotmoet 
 
 of 
 
 Theodore. 
 
The geneal.ofthe'D .of iVLofc. TrarFiques,andDifcoueries. 225 
 
 ofcoininouiuealtijSjtobjingtljiaCEcetientUioojke.tljetoiinDattonUitjercoftaalceaap latoeiinco 
 apjofpenws conclufion.'Buc as touching the title tobicb tlje SpofcouitemaKctlj to tljispjouincej 
 to tap tjje uerp trtietb, toe gteatlp toonajea ana toere fltfoniujea at the Declaration tbereof.f 0? ie 
 is moll apparant,not onelp out of all ancient ana creaible hiffo?ies, but ettenfrom tlje crpcricnce 
 ana ftatcoftljefc regions , that the fain title ana allegationsare fabulous aiiD fainca, iFoj out of 
 all auueient monuments, bp tobat names foeuet tljep bee calico (toljereof there are atuers 
 ertai'.t among us) it cannot be piouea bp anp mention, no? pet bpanplikeufjaoac o? coniectttre, 
 that tbofe tljtngs tobic!j the S(F)ofcouite affirmctlj concerning the people toljicb toere gouerno?s of 
 thefe regions in times paft,ana concerning tberigbt aim title ofljis anceHojs unto tljisp?ouince, 
 are grounoea upon truth, 
 
 tfo? it :s not unknotoenbp tobat meanes this pjoumce,partIp tb?ougb tlje mauffrp of mar* ■srne common 
 chants, aitDpartlpbp the benefite of nauigation, toas firCoifrouercD: nettljeris it unknotoen K^^. 
 borne tljc inhabitants thereof beeing toljollp aoaictea Unto bcathemfb fuperftitions ana iao-- inuation. 
 latrte, toere bp tlje croifco knights (toho o?etootbcr knights pjofrffing tlje fame ojoer in Pruffia 
 to aiaeana accompanie them in this their enterpjtfe) ana that toith great labour ana Diffirultic, 
 conuerteobntotljeCljjiCianfaittj: toljenasatthe fame time tlje Liuomansljaono knotolcage 
 atallofthciurifoiction, religion, matters, o? language of Mofcouie: toho baa not onelp no 
 cotutcifaticn no? Dealings toith the Spofcottites, but toere effrangcD alfo from all other nations 
 tohat£bater:fo?leaDina;a m:fcrablJ,poo?e,batbarous,anD Ijeatljcniuj life,infauage maner anting 
 toilac beattcs, anD in tljccefert ana folitarp toooas, thep toere urterlp ignojant of ©oo ana aefti= 
 tuteocciuilmigittrates*lipotobeitt!jiskinDofgouepmenttoaspeculiariiiitothem,namelpthat 
 all of one familie ano focietp bfea a kinoe of rettcrence bnto their elocrs mo?e then to anp other, 
 tohom a!fo, that their amljontie might be tlje greater,tljcp calico bp the name of kings,ana (albe- 
 it one of their families conftflct) of a i oo,perfbns) tljcp obepca them in al refpects, auti after tfycit 
 ruae ana barbarous maneroiD them lopal feruice. 8c the Uerp fame time tbe spofcouitcs Ijan 
 reccittea the religion, ana the Ccclefiafficall ceremonies of tbe©recke anD CaSerneCljurclj, 
 tobicb religion ttjcp publmjea ano aifperfea throughout all p^ouinces fubiccc to their Domi* 
 niott, bung their otonepjopet letters ano characters foj the fame pucpofe, ©fall tobicb dungs 
 the littonians toljich uerp barbarouflp inljabitea a lanoe beeing enuironen toith Ruflia, Li- 
 thuania,Samogitia J Pruiria ) anD tlje Balthic fea,netterbeara anp report at all* 3It is mojeouer to 
 be noteo that netter at anp time Ijeretofoje citljer toichin the eartlj, o jin otljer places of Liuonia, 
 tbereljaue bene fottno anp monuments at alloftljc antiquitieo? lettersoftljeSutTes.-tobicbberi- 
 IpmuftnccDShawecometoparfe,iftbe90ofcottitcs, Ruffes, o? anp other nations tobicljufe tlje 
 foVfaia particulars, baa bojne rule ana autbo?itp oner tlje liuonianS: pea tljerebaobeene left 
 (bme remainaer ana tokcn.eitljer of their religion ana Dittinetoojfijip, o? of their latoes ana cu* 
 ffomcs,o? at tlje leafl of their maners,language,ana letters, HLW inacea toe can in no toife aenp, 
 that cucn in Liuonia it felfe, tljere batte bin in times pad ana at tbis p?cfent are manp ana Diuers 
 languages fpoktnbp the people. l[)otobeitno one language of them all [jatb anp affinitp either 
 toith the a^ofcouian tongttc.oj toitij tlje tongues of anp otljer nations ,15ut toljcreas the agofco e 
 ttite pjrtenoetlj that tijere Ijatlj bin bfuallp paiae a penGon oj tribute unto bimfelfeana btsp jeae» 
 ceffours out of the tohole pjouincc,it is as increDible as tlje fojmer. 
 
 9bont tlje beginning of this tragicall toarre,tbe Spofcoutte,to clokebfe tpjannp ana ambition 
 bntier fome faire p?etcnre,amottgtt otljer of fjis acmaunas,maae mention alfo of a tribute toljich, 
 Choulo be Due bnto Ijim out oftbc biftjop of Dorpac bis iurifaiction,tobereof nottoitbtt anaingljee 
 coula neither bjing anp iud: accotmt.no? affirm anp certaiiupibotobeit there is no man liuingtd 
 befomiD toljiclj either can tell of bisotonerememb?ance,o? from the relation of otbers, tfaat anp 
 fuel) tribute toas eucr paio bnto tlje spofcouitc. W^st time therefore be referrea al tbis negotta* 
 tionbnto tlje maRei' of the liuonian o?aer,ana commanaea bim to get toljat knotoleage bee coulo 
 tberof from the men of Dorpat, $ a?gea tbe tribute/aping if it toere too?tb but one Ijaire , that be 
 toottlo not remit it : at length it toas founa recojtbea in tlje ancient Cfejonfcfts of Dorpat.ttjat be= 
 pona tbe memo jp of man.tobcu tlje territo jp of Plefco containeti nothing but toooas ana fo?reflsJ 
 fo? toilDe bcattes,tljat the pcfattnts of the libertp of Dorpat callca Neuhus, bp tbe confent of tlje 
 3Huu"tanbo?Berers,eniopea "H5ee-ljittesin the faia toooas, ana paia euerp pce?ein lieu thereof un- 
 to tbe Euflinngoueniours,ftreujillings of liuonian coine. But fofoone as the Ruffians baa fel= 
 leo the toooas ana baa built totoues ana Ullages in tljeir place, tbe faiae penfion ceafcD together 
 tottlj t'je trees tobich toere cut Dotonc. COberefo^c tlje faioe fire (billings toere ntuer fincetbat 
 time either aemanaea bp the Ruffes o? paia bp tlje iiuonians* Z\)t fe things tobicb 31 kneto con« 
 ccming the caufes of the liuonian toarres 31 tljowgbt gooo to fignifieunto pou. ©iuen tbe a 2, of 
 ^ap.intbepecrc ofourloja 1 576, 
 
 Ordioan- 
 
iz6 The Englifh Voyages, InftruBionsof Qabota. 
 
 Ordinances,inft:iu£tions, and aduertifemencs of and for the du 
 
 reclion of the intended Moyagefor Qatbay , compiled, made, and deliue- 
 
 red by the right worfhipfull M.Sebaftian Cabota Efquier, gouemour of the myfterie 
 and companieoftheMarchantsaducnturcrs forthedifcouerie of Regions, Domini- 
 ons.lflands ahdplaces vnknowen,the 9,day of May,in theyere ofour Lord God 1555. 
 and in the y.yeere ofthe reignc of our molt dread foueraigne Lord Edward the 6, by 
 the grace ofGod,king of F.ngland,Fraunce and Irc-land,dcfendei of the faith, and of 
 the Church ofEng'.and andlreland,in earth fupreame head* 
 
 gT ^fflFj ^ 3[r2 tlje Captaine gencral,teit|) tbe pilot maior^tlje mailers, marcljants ft otber 
 &fFNFL£l officers , to tic fo knit am aeco?oeo in bnitte, louc, confo?mitic, ano obeoirncc in 
 /S Ls^^pttcrpDegrcccnaUfxtJfs.tbatnoutiretitionjrjarianfe.o? contention map rife 0? 
 M? I&§ ^fp?ingb£ttt)irttbemanutbemarincrsoftbiscampamc,totbeoamageo? Ijintie* 
 j ranreoftbeuopage : fo? tljat oiflcntion (bp man? erpericnces)rjatlj ouertb?ovjjri 
 'manp notable intetioeD ano likclp enterp?:fesano crploits, 
 a 3item,fo? as muclj as euerp perfon batlj giuen an otljc to be true,fjitIjfuII,ano loial fubiects, 
 iutD liege men to tlje Kings moll c rcellent Spaicine.bts heires ano fttccciTojs.anb fo? tfaeobfertia- 
 ticnofr.iUaluciB^aatutcs,maQefo?tIjcn?erentationofi)ismoacrceilent^a''eC!e#rjtscrotoit 
 Sntperi^ll of bis reamuss of Cnglano ano 3!relano,ano to fcrue bis grace, tbe Kcalme, ano this 
 mefent bopagetrticipjaiio not to gitiebp.intcrmitjO? leatte off tlje faio bopaae aitD cntcrpjifebn- 
 tillitu>ilbeaccompliujeB, fo farrefo?tlj as pourbibtie ano life of man map fcrueo? crtcufrlEIjer' 
 foje it beljouetlj cttcrp perfon tit Ijtia tscgrcc^s tuell foj coufctcnce, as fojoticticsfaketomncm* 
 lier bis fain charge,auo tbe accompltibment thereof* 
 
 3 3itcm,U)ljere furthermore etterp mariner 0? paffenge : in bis {b!p 3 bath giucn like ctbc to bee 
 obcoient to t'oc Captain e gcneralLano to ctterp Captaine ano matter in bis fbip.fo? tije obferua' 
 ticn of tbefc p?efcnt o?ocrs containcD in tbis boofee.ano all otljer lobtrtj rjerenfter ujalfce maoe bp 
 tt3ei2,counfa!lersintijisp?efentboofenameD,ojt!)emoiJpartoftrjcm/o?ti;ebettcrtontnict!on, 
 anDpjcfcruationoftbefleetc.anuatcbietitngoftbcbopage^anatobep^cmptjreaopanDobciJicnt 
 in all acta ano feates of boneftp.teafon.ano Dttetie to be mimtjrED,fljctiieD $ crcctttco, in aouance* 
 mentanopj£fcrmcntcftbcbopageantietploit:tl)erfo?cttisconuenient!l)attbi2p;ef£ntbcoke 
 fljall once etierp tocekc (bp tlje oifcrction of tbe Captaue)be reao to tbe fain companie, to tfce ite- 
 tent tbat ctterp msnmaptlje better remember bis otlje,ccnf ience.Ductie ano charge, 
 
 4 Stem, ctterp perfon bp bertue ofljis otbc,to Doe effectuallp $ tuith gooo u)il(as farre fo?tlj as 
 ijim fljall ccmpIic)aU,ano euerp fuel; act ano acts,DceDe ano oecos,as fijalbe to bint 0? tbemfrom 
 time to time conimanDeo,committeo ano eniopneD (outingtbe bopap) bp tbe Captain gcnerall, 
 totbtljcauentoftbeCounfellanDalTulants,astoeIlin ano curing tbe ttbclc jftnutgatien ano 
 fcopage, as alfo in otfecucring ano lanoing.as cafes ano occaGons tTjnll require. 
 
 5 3!tcm,all coiirfesinjRauigationtobefetano kcpt,bptlje atmiceof tteCaptatncJlilctma- 
 ior.maftets,? maflcrs matcs,tuitljthc aflents of tljccotmfailersano tbe mofinumbcrof tbcm,aiio 
 in bopccsbnifomielp agreeing in one to pjettaile.ano take place, fo tijat the Cf.ptaine generall, 
 frjall in all counfailcs ano affemblics Ijaue aoouble bopce» 
 
 6 3itcm 3 tljat tlje flecte fljal keep tagctfjetjano not feparatc tbemfelues afunocr, as mttcrj as bp 
 tttnoe gt'toeatrjer map be oone 0? permitteD,^ tljat tlje Captaines,piIots 5 mailers fball fpceotlp 
 tome aboo?o tlje 9Dmiral,Vubcn ano as often as Ije frjall fceme to baue iull caufe to affcmble tljem 
 fo? counfatle 0? confultation to be bao concerning tbe affaires of tl;e fketc ano bopage, 
 ' 7 3!tcm, tljat tlje marchants,anO otljer fktlful perfons in to?iting,Qjaloailp tojite.oefctibcano 
 put in mcmo?ie tlje |5auigatton of euerp cap ano nigbt, toitlj tbe points , ano obferuation of tlje 
 Iauos,tiocs,elcn;ent0, altituoe of tlje funne, courfe of tlje moon ano 8arrcs,anB tlje fame fo noteo 
 bp tlje o?oer of trjc falter ano pilot of euerp fljip to be put in to?iting,tlje captaine gcnerall affcm= 
 bling tlje mailers togctber once euerp tocefec (if tninoe ano toef.tljcr tljal fcrue)to conferre all t&e 
 obferttatioitSjano notes of tlje fato ujtpgjto tbe intent it map appearc to'rjcrein tije notes do agree, 
 ano nibcrcin tljcp oiffent, ano bpon gooo cebatement, ocltberatton, ano concIuOonoetcnnineti, 
 toputtbefamcintoacommonleger,torcmainofrcco?ofo?tljecompanp:tljelil;eo?ocrtobefeept 
 inp?opo?tfoningof tbe Caiocs,aitrolabcs,ano otljer inllrumcntsp?cpareofo? tije toopage>attlje 
 cbarpoftljecompanie, 
 
 8 3tcm,tljat all enterp?ifes ano erploits of oifcouering 0? lanoing to fearclj 3ilf0,tegion0,ano 
 fucljUkejtobelearcbeDjattempteDjanDentcrpjilcobp gcoo Deliberation, ano comrnan affent, 
 Dctermincoaouifetiip, Slno tljat in all enterp?ifcs, notable ambaffages, fitites, rrqueSs, 0? p?e* 
 teiitm£ntofgiftcs,o?p?efentstolp?inccs,tobeDoiieanD erecuteobp t{jc captaine gcnerall in 
 
 perfon, 
 
fnflrutliom of Qabota. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. iij 
 
 perfon.o? bp fuclj o:ljeE,ns tie bp common affent (ball appoint o? afligue toooeo? caufe to be none 
 intyefame. . _ 
 
 $> Stem ,tbc ftciuaco ana cooke of euerp ftjip,nmi rtjetr affoctats, to giue anD rennet to the cap- 
 tatne ana otbet ^aoofFicecs of tljettfijippe tuecfeelp (o? oftnet;if tc Ojall fenne re qufftre, aiutt o? 
 plaineanlipetfertacn)mptofcicpeufeBoftbebtctua!0,a8toelflEfij,fiib 3 bifket,m£at? 3 o?b?eaD,a8 
 alfo of be ere,toinc,ovlc,o? wneger,anD all otber kinoe of toictualling bnDcr their rl)atge,ano tljep, 
 anD euerp of tljem fo to o?oer anD Dtfpe:,De the f ame,tljat no matte o? unprofitable ercc fie be mabe 
 otljertotfetbcn reatbnano neceflitie fljall conmtanD. 
 
 i o 3itcm,toljc n anp inferiour o? meane officer of tobat Degree o? conDition be lbalbe,fbalbc trt= 
 to tontrue,remiu"e,ncgligcnt ; o ? bnpjofitablc m o? abottt tjts office in tbe bopage.o? not to bfe bun 
 feffetn lus r^arge accojomfflpjtben euerp fttclj officer to be pimitben o? remoueo at tlje trifctetion 
 of clje captaine anD a(tiftants,o? tlje mod part of tljem, aim the perfbn fo remotieb not to be repu-- 
 teD,acceptcD,o? taken from tbe time of bis rcmoue, anp mo ?e fo? an officer,but to remaine in fuel) 
 conottton ami place, as bee fljall be affigneD bnto.anD none of tbe companie,to refill fucb cljafiife* 
 mento?wo?tbiepumfbment,as (balbcminiflreD unto bun mooeratelp,acco?Ding to tbe fault o? 
 oefertof bi3offencc,after tbelatoesanD common cuflomes of tbe feas,infuclj cafes beretofo?eb- 
 teDanoobferueo. 
 
 1 1 Jtem.if anp Sparincr oj officer inferiour ftjalbe founo bp bis labour not mectc no? toojtbie 
 tbe place that be is p?efcnrlp fluppen fo?, fucb perfon map bee bnftjippeD ano put on laHDe at anp 
 place mitbin tbe kings fpaicttiesrealme $Dominion,anDoneotbetperfon mo?c able ana too?tbp 
 to be put in bis place,at tbe Discretion of tbecaptaine anb mattcrs,$o?Det to be taken tljae tbe par- 
 tie DifmtffeD fljalbe allotoeo p?opo?tionablp tbe balue of tliat be (ball bane oeferucD to tbe time of 
 bis Dtfmitfion o? Difcl;atge# be to glue o?oer toitb furettes, paton.o? otber affurance,to repap tbe 
 ouerplus of tbat be (ball tjatte ccceiucD, tobjeb be (ball not baue Deferuso,? fucb toages to be mabe 
 toitb tbe partienctolp placeo as ttjalbe tbougbt rcafonable.anb be to baue tbe furniture of al fucb 
 neccflaries as mere p jcparcD fo? tyepartie DifmifleD,acco?Ding to rigbt ano conscience, 
 
 1 2 Jccin.tbat no blafpbemingof (Sod, o? Detectable ftoearing be bfeb in anp fl)ip,no? commit* 
 nication of ribalD?ie,filtbp tales.o? bngoolp talke to be fuftreo in tbe companp of anp (bip, neitber 
 Bicing,caroing,tabling,no?otber Diueltfb games to befreqttenteD,toberebpenfuctb not onelp po« 
 uertie to tbe plapers.but alfo Crife,bariance J bjauling,figbttng,anD oftentimes murtbtrtotbebt= 
 ter Dcttructioii of tbe parties.anb p?ouoking of @ods mott tutt to?atb, anb ftoo?oe of bengf ance, 
 ©bete ana all fucb |8k pett;Iences,anD contagions of bices,anb fmnes to bee efcbetoeo, ana tbe 
 offerers once monifbeD,anD not reforming, to bcepunitbcDattbeDifcre;ionof tbe captaine ana 
 ma(ter,as appertainecb. 
 
 i ? 31tem, tbat morning anb cuenmg p?aper, toitb otber common (entices appofnteu bp tbe n mtntttn m 
 
 kings Spaicttie, anb latoes of ibis Sealme to be rcab anb faibe in euerp (bip baiip bp tbe minitter <d« uopagt. 
 
 intbe SlDimralljanDtbemarcbanto^tbmeotberpcrfonlearneD in otljer (bips,anD tbe TBibleo? 
 
 parapb?afes to be reab DCuoutlp anb &b?ittianlp to (Sods bonour.ano fo? bis grace to be obtained, 
 
 anb bab bp bumble ano beanie pjaier of tbe jSattigants accojbinglp. 
 
 14 31tem,tbat euerp officer is to be rljargeo bp 3nuento?ic toitb tbe particulars of bis cbarge, 
 
 anb to rcnaer a perfect accompt of tlje Diffraping of tbe fame togetber toitb mooeil 9 temperate 
 
 DifpenDingof poioaer.ujot.annbfcofall kinoeof artillerp.toljicbisnottobc mifufeb , butDiu> 
 
 gentlp to be p?eferueb fo? tbe nccefTarp Defence of tbe flecte anb bopage, togetber toitb Due kcc= 
 
 ping of all iiittruments of pour jaauigation, anb otber rcquifites. 
 
 1 y 3tem,no liquo? to be fpilt on fyz bala(f,no? filtljines to be left tottljin boo?D:tbe cook room, 
 
 anb all otljcr places to bekept cleane fo? tbebetter bealtb of tlje companie,tlje gromals f pages 
 
 to bee b?ougljt bp acco?Ding to tbe lauoable o?Der anD bfe of tbe S)ea,as tocll inlearningof iQatti' 
 
 gation, as in erereifing of tbat toljicb to tljem appettainetb. 
 
 1 6 3 tern, tbe liueries in apparel giucn to tbe mariners be to be kept bp tbe ma«bants,anb not 
 to be too?ne,but bp tbe o?oer of tbe captaine , toben be (ball fee caufe to mutter 0? fljetoe tbem in 
 goob arap.fo? tfce aouancement anb bonour of tbe bopage, anb tbe luieries to bee reoeliuercD to 
 tbe keeping of tbe marcbants,bntill it ujal be tljougbt conuentent fo? euerp perfon to baue tbe ful 
 bfe of bis garment, 
 
 1 7 31tem,toben anp mariner 0? anp otber paffenger CbaJ baue necbe of an* neceffarie furniture 
 ofapparellfb?bisbobp,anDconferuationofbisbealtb, tbe fame (ball bee Deliucreobim bp tbe 
 SBatcbant, attbeaffignementof tbe captaine ano Spatter of tbat fbippc,toberein fucb nceDie 
 pettbn (ball be,at fucb reafonablep?ice as tbe fame cott, toitbout anpgaine tobeeractcobptbe 
 marcbants,tbe balue tljerof to be entreo ^ tbe marcbant in bis booke,anD tbe fame to be Difccun- 
 tcb off tlje parties toagcs,tljat fo ujai rece tue,mtD toeare tbe fame, 
 
 iS3!tcm 
 
2z8 The Englifh Voyages, fnftruUiom offabota^ 
 
 *8 i tern tbe [icke.oifeafco, tocake,ano inGteo perfon toitbinboojo, to be tcnojco , rclieueo, 
 comfo?teo,aiiO fcolpen in tfce time ofljto itifirmuie , ano cucrp maner of prrfon, untljocit refpect, 
 to beare anothers burccn, ano no man to refufe fuel) labour as (ball beput to bim,fo? tlje moff be« 
 ncfite, ano publike toealtlj of tbe Dopagcano enterp?ife,to be atcljieueo cxactlp* 
 
 19 31«m ifanp perfon fijal fortune to Ote,o? mifcarp in tbe bopagc, fucb apparell, ano otter 
 gooos, as be Gjall baue at tbe time of Ijis oeatb, is to be kept bp tbe o?oer of tfje captaine ana 99* 
 fier of tlje ujippe, ano au inuentojie to bemaoe of it, ana conferuco to tljebfc of bis toife, ano cbil= 
 o?ett,oj otljertoife accojoingtobis mmo,am>toil,ano tbe cap offjteoeatljto be entreoin tbe gpar< 
 cljants ano S>tetoaros bookes : to tbe intent it map be knotocn tobat toages be ujall batie Defer* 
 tteo to bis oeatb, ano tobat (ban red one to bim. 
 
 .20 jtem.tljat tbe saarcljantsappointeo fo? tins pjefent bopagr , ujall not make anp ftjeto 0? 
 fale of anp kino of marcbanoi?es,o? open tbeir commootties to anp fo?reinpnnces,o? anp of tbeic 
 fubiects,toit!jouttbeconfenc,pjiuitie, 0? agreement of tlje Captaines, tbe tape Sparcbants ano 
 tbeaiTiftatttSjOjtfciureoftbfm, uiljereoftlje captaine generalise IpilotS^aioj, ano cape mac 
 cjjant to be tb?ee,anOEuerpof tbepettie marcbantstoujetoe bis reckoning to tbe cape mar- 
 cljaiit, toljen tbep,oj anp of tbem ujallbe requireo ? ano no commutation 0? trucke to be maoebp 
 anp of tlje jKtie marrams, toithout tbe atlent abouefaio : ano all toares, ano commooities true 
 keo.beugljt 0? giuen to tbe companie.up toap of marcljanctfe, trucke, 0? anp otber rcfpecr,to be 
 bookco bp tlje niarcljants,anD to be toel ojo?eD 3 packeo,anD confetuco in one mafle entirely , ano 
 nottobebjoiunojaltereOjbnttltbeujippesfbaUrettirnetotbetigbt oifcbarp.es, ano inuentojie 
 of al gooos, toares,ano marcljauDtfes fo truckco,boug;bt,oi otbertoifc oifpcntieo,to be pjefcntcu 
 sing Ej>v 3 rd S to tbe <Souetno?,(!!;onfute,ano 9fliflants In lonoon,in gooo ?Der,to tbe intent tlje iKingjs S@aie* 
 wapojation. fliemapbetrulpanfaiereooftbattobicbtobisgracebpljifigrantofco?porattcut8limtteD,accoj« 
 Ding to our moil bounoDueties, ano tbetobole companie alfo to baue tbat tobicljbprigljt buto 
 tljem appfttamctlj , ano no cmbejelmcnt ujafl be bfeo, but tbe trutb of tbe tobole bopage to bee o« 
 pcnco,to tlje common toealtlj anDbenegteoftbcinbolecompaniejanomptteriejaiSappertatnetb, 
 toitljout guile, ftauDf,o? male engine* 
 
 2 1 3|tem,no particular petfon, to Ijinoer 0? pjeiuoicate tbe common flfockc of tbe companp,m 
 fale } preferment of bis oton pjoper toares,ano tbings.ano no particular emergent 0? purcljafe 
 to be emplopeo to anp fetterall pjofite, bntill tbe common fiocke of tbe companie ujall be f urtn> 
 fbeo, ano no perfon to binoer tbe common benefited fucb purcbafeso? contingents, as ujal fo?» 
 tuneto anp one of tbem,bp bis otone pjopecpolicie, inotiftrie,o?cbance, nojno contention to rife 
 in tbat bcbalfe, b^ anp occafion of ietoel, If one, pearles, pjectous mcttals,o? ctt.er tljingp of tlje> 
 region, tobcre it ujall cljance tbe fame to rife.o? to be founo^otttiljt ,tiuckeD, yermuteo, 0? giuen; 
 liut euerp perfon to bebounoen in fucb cafe,ano bpon fuel occafion, bp o>oer,ano oirection,astbe 
 generall csptaine , ano tbe Cotmcell ujall ettabliftj ano Determine, to tobofe o?oer ano oifcretioit 
 tbefame is left : fo? tbat of tbings bncertatne, no certatne ntles map 0? can be giuen, 
 
 22 jtcm not to oifclofe to anp nation tbe Hate of our religion, but topaffe itouerinfilence, 
 toitbout anp Declaration of it,feeming to beare tottb fucblatoes,ano rites,as tbe place fatlj&bm 
 poulhallarriue, 
 
 2 j 3Itcm fo? as mutb as our people, ano fijippes map appcare bnto tljem Crange ano toonoe^ 
 rous,ano tljtirs alfo to ours : it is tobe confioereo.boto tljep map be bfeo, learning mucb of tbeir 
 natures ano oifpotitions,bpfome one fucb perfon, as pou map fifffeitljer allure, o?take to be 
 b?ougbt aboo?o pour u)ips,ano tljere tolearne as poumap , toitljoutbiolcncco?fo?ce,anono too-= 
 man tobe tcmptco.o? intreateo toincontinencie,o? otfijonelhe. 
 
 24 Stem tbeperfonfotaken,tobetoeUentertaincD,bfeD J anoappareUeo,tobeftt cnlano.to 
 tlje intent tbat be 0? uje map allure otber to ojato ntgb to ftjetoe tbe commoDttustano if tbe perfon 
 taken map be maoc ojunke toitlj pour beere,o? toine,pou fijal knoto tbe fecrets of bis beart, 
 
 2j 3itemourpeoplemap not patfefurtberintoaIanoe,tben tbat tbep map beable to recouer 
 tljeir pinneffes,o? ftjips,? not to cteoit tbe faire too jos of tbe Crange people.tobicbbe manp times 
 trieo fubtae,ano falfe jxo? to be o?atoeninto perill of lofie,fo? tbe neBre of gcloe.ftluer , 0? ricbee, 
 anoetteemc pour otone commootties aboue al otber,ano in countenance fljeto not mucbtooefire 
 tbe fojren coinmooities : neuertbeleffe take tbem as fo? fricnoCbip,o? bp toap of permutation. 
 
 26 astern euerp nation ano region is to be confloereo aoutfeolp, f not to p jouoke tbem bp a* 
 »ip oxfoatne,laugbing,contempt,o? fucb Ukcbut to bfe tljcm toitlj p?uocnt circumfpcction,toitb A 
 gentIencs,ano curtcfie.ano not to tarp long in one place, tmtill pou ujall batie attaints tbe mou 
 tooubp place $ map befouno.in fttcljfo?t,as pcttmap returne lb bictualafu8ftrient.p?ofpercuup. 
 
 27 3ltemtbenamesoftbepeopleofeuerp3!fianD,aretobetakenmtonting,toitb tbe com< 
 
 mooities, ano mcommooities of tbe fame, tbeir natures.qualities, ano oifpofitionsjtbc fite of tbe 
 
 fame, 
 
^^ 
 
 fnftruBiom ofQabota. Traffiques^and Difcoueries. 229 
 
 fame,ano toljat tilings t^cp are mofl oeGrous of,$ tobat commooitics tbep toil moft toilltnglp oe« 
 part toitfcf tobat mettals tbep baue in bilS>mountaines,fireamcs,o j ttuer!S,in 3 o? bnocr tbe eartb, 
 
 28 Jtcm if people {balappearegatbermgofu^nes,golD,raettall,ojotberlike,on tljefano, 
 pour pmnetTes map ojatoe nigb, marking tobat things tljep gather , bGngojplapingbpon tbe 
 outmme, o } fuclj otljer inffnmtents,as map allure tbem to barkening,to fantaGe,oj ocGre to fee, 
 ano beare pour inttrumcnts ano bopces,but kecpc j?ou out of Banger, ano fijetoe to tbem no popnt 
 oj figne of rigour ami bottilitte. 
 
 29 Stem if pcu Cballbeinuiteo into anp Lojos j Rulers boufe,to oimur, ojotljer parliance, 
 goe in fucj) o?oec of ffrengtb, tljat pou map be firongcrtben rtjep, ano be toarie of toooos ano am-- 
 buuje^ano tijat pour ujrapons be not out of pour potTetTionst, 
 
 30 3lcem ifpouujallfcetbemtoeareLponpoj®caresfktnnes,banmg long botoes, ano at' 
 rotoes, be not afraio of tljat Cgljt: foj fuc& be toojme oftentimes me?e to feare ttrangcrs, tljen 
 fojanpotbercaufe. 
 
 31 31tem tbere are people tbat can f mtrnme in tlje fea^auens,? r iuers.nakc 0, Ijauing botoes 
 atw fljafts,coucting to ojato nigb pour (bip8,tobicb if tbep ftjalfinoe not tocl toatcbco,o]i toaroco, 
 tbep toil alfaulcoeGrous of tlje boot'es of men,toljicb tbep couct foj meate : if pou reGfl tljem, tljep 
 Diuc,ano fo toill flee, ano tbcrefojeoiligenttoatcb is to be kept botb oap$ nigbt^fn Ibme Jflanos. 
 
 3 2 3Item if occafion ftjal Cecue,tljat pou map giue aouertifements of pour pjocceotnge m fucb 
 things as map co?refpono to the erpectation of tlje companp, ano likcliljooD of fuccetfe in tbebop< 
 nge,paffing fucb oarers oftbefcas,periis of ice, intolerable colors, ano otber impeoiments, 
 tobicb Op too?p autbojs $ tojiters , fjatte mimflreo matter of fufpition in Tome beaos , tbat tbis 
 bopage couId not fucceoe foj tlje eirtremitie of tbe jftojtlj pole,Iacke of paffage, $ futb like, toljicl) 
 baue cattfeo toauering minos,ano ooubtfulbeaos,not onelp to toitljojato tljemfelue sfrom tbe ao» 
 uenture of tljis bopage,but alfo oifftoaoeo otljew from tbe famc.tlje certamcie to!ierof,tobfn pou 
 fljall baue trieo lip etperience,(mofl certaine ($afler of all toojlolp Imotoleogc) tljcn f oj oeclara* 
 tton of tbe truetb, tobicb pou (ball baue erperteo,pou map b^ common atTetit of cotmfm,fenoe ci* 
 rtjcr bp Iano,oi otljertoaies/ucb ttooo? onepcrfon.tobjmg tlje famebp creoitc,as pouftjaltbmk 
 map pafle in fafetie: bJbiclj fencing 10 not to be none, but bpon brgent caufes,in likelp fucceCTe of 
 tbe bopage,in finoing of paffage,in totoarolines of bencfittall traffike, 0) fuel) otljer like,toljetebp 
 tbe companp being aouertifco of pout ettates ano pjoceeoing&map further pjouioe, fo?efee,ano 
 Bttermtnetbatloljicl) map fcememoff goooanobenettciallfoj tlje publike toealtb of tbe fame: 
 cttljer pjouioing befo?cljano fucbtbingB.agfljallbeertquiGtefo? tlje contmuanceof tlje bopage, 
 bj elfe otljcriutfc to oifpofe as occallon fijall ferue: in toljicb tljings pour ttifeoomes ano oifcreti- 
 ons aretobebteOjanoujeujeDjano tlje contents of tins capitule, bppoumucb to be pono?eo, fo? 
 tbat pou be not tgno?ant,boto manp perfbns,as toell tlje kings Spateflir ,tbe io^os of fjis bono?a- 
 ble (£ounfel,tljis tebole coinpanie,as alfo pour towes.cljilD jen.kinffolkcs, allies, frienDS ano fa* 
 miliars,be rrplcmftjeo in tljctr bcarts bsitb aroent oefire to learne ano knoto pour eflates,conoiti' 
 ons,ano b)elfares!,ano in toljat likelujooo pou be tn,to obtain tljis notable enterpjift, toljtcb is fjo* 
 pco noleffe to fucceeo to pou,tbcn tlje ©?ient o> ©cciocut Indias baue to tlje ^igb benefite of tlje 
 <Emperour,ano kings of Portingal,tobofe fubiects inouuTtes,atio trauailes bp lea, baue inricljeo 
 tljem, bp tbofe lanos ano auanos.toljicb were to all Cofmograpljerg, ano otber to jiters botb bn» 
 knotone,anoalfobpapparancesofreafonboioeofeirperi£nce tljougljt anoreputeo bnbabitablc acafonbeibe 
 fb? ertrcmities of [jcates,ano colos,ano pet inoeeo trieo mofl ricb,pcopleo,tcmperate,ano fo com= of tfft(mict ' 
 mooious, as all Europe Ijatb nott^eltke. 
 
 3 3 31tem no confpiractes,parttakings,faction3,falfe tales.bntrtte repo?ts,tobicfj be tlje berp 
 fteoes,ano ftuits of contcntion.otfcop.f confuGon,bp euill tongues to be fuffereo, but nje fame, 
 9 all otljerbngoolines to be cballenco cbaritablp toitlj bjotbertp lotte,ano altoaics obeotence to be 
 bfeo ano pjactifco bp alperfonsintbeir oegrees,not onlpfo?ouetieano confeiencefake totoares 
 (Soo.bnoertoljofcmercifullbanonauigants aboue all otber creatures naturallp bee mofl utglj, 
 aiObicme,btit alfo fo; p?uoentano toojlolp pollicie.ano pubhke toealc, confioecing ano altoaies 
 bauing pjefent in pour rnmocs tbat pou be all one mod ropall kings fubiects , ano naturals.toitb 
 oailp remembrance of tlje great importance of tbeoopage, tlje bonour, glojie, p?aife,ano benefite 
 tbat oepeno of,ano bpon tbefame,totoaro tbe common toealtb of tbis noble Realme,tlje aouance* 
 ment of pou tbe trauailers tbcrein, pour toiues, ano cbilo^en, ano fo to enoeuour pour felues as 
 tbat pou map fatifBe tlje etpectation of tbem,tobo at tljeir great cofls,cbargcs,ano crpcnfcs.baue 
 fofurmftjcopouingooofojt,anoplentieofaHnecettartcs, asibe liketoasnetterinanp realme 
 feene,bfeD,o?knotocn rcquifite ano neeofulfbj futb an erploit.toljfcb is mofl likclpto be atcljie^ * 
 
 ueo,ano bjougbt to gooo effect, if cucrpperfon in W bocation (ball cnoetwur Ijimfelfe acco?oing 
 to big cbarge,ano mofl boimoenouctie ; pjapingtbe Ituinot (Soo, to giue pou bis grace, to accom* 
 
 U plift) 
 
2}0 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, ^. Edwards letters. 
 
 pluopour ciKitje to Ijis glD^icwyot'e merciful tianQ ujal pjolpet pour tjopage, arm pjefcrttc pou 
 from all Hangers* 
 
 31n taritneg toljereof 31 Sebaftian Gabota, ©ouernour afbjefat'De,to thefc yjefcnt omittance?, 
 haue Cubfcrtfjco mp namc } ano put mp CcaUjtljc Dap arm pec re aloue to jit ten , 
 
 The names of the twelue Counfellors appointed in 
 
 this voyage. 
 
 t C 3!r Hugh WilloughbyRmcrbt,Cai)tame general!. 
 
 a JE' ■ 
 fleece* 
 
 'Richard Chancelour Captamc of the Edward Bonaucnture, ano ]j3i.ot gencrall of the 
 
 3 GeorgeBurconCapemarctjaitt. 
 
 4 Spader Richard Stafford spiiuller, 
 
 5 Thomas LanglieSparcbattt, 
 
 6 lames Dalabere Gentleman, 
 
 7 William Gefferfon Smaller of the Bona Speranza Stomtral., 
 
 8 Stephen Burrough Spate of the Edward Bonaucnture. 
 $> GorneliusDurfurthgpafletoftbeConfidentia. 
 ^o Roger Wilfon. O 
 ii lohnBuckland, ^Spatters! mate*. 
 ii Richard Ingram, -J 
 
 Exemplar Epiftola: feu literarum Mifsiuarum, quas illuftrifsi- 
 mus Trinceps Eduardus eius nomhis Sextus, ^ngli<e } FrancU, <& Hi- 
 
 berniiRex,mificadPrincigesSeptentrionalem,ac Orient3lemmundi plagam inhabi- 
 tantes iuxta mare glaciale,nec non Indiam Orientalcm; Anno Domini 1 553 Regm fui 
 anno feptimo,& vltimo, 
 
 DuardusfextuSjAngliac.Francii.&HiberniaeReXj&c.OmnibusRegibuf 
 & principibus ac dominis,& cundlis Iudicibus rerrz, & Ducibus eius, qui- 
 bufcunquc eft excellens aliqua dignitas in ea, cun ctis in locis qua: funt Tub 
 vniuerfo ccelo : Pax.tranquillitas, & honor vobis, terris, & regionibu* ve- 
 ftrisqua: imperioveitrofubiacent,cuiq;veftrurnquemadmodum conuc- 
 nit ei. Propterea qudd indidit Deus Opt.Max.hominibus pra: cunftis alijt 
 ?P viuentibus,cor&defideriumtaIe,vtappetatquifquecumalijsfocietatein 
 inire, amare,& viciffim amari.beneficijs afficere,&mutua accipere beneficiaftudeat, ideo cui- 
 que pro facultate fua hoc defiderium in omnibus quidem hominibus benefices fouere & con- 
 feruare conuenit, in ill is autem maximc, qui hoc defiderio addu6ti,a remotis etiam region ibus 
 adeos veniunt. Quo enim longiusiter eius rei gratia ingrefli funt, eoardentius in eis hoc defi- 
 derium fiiifle declararunt, Infuper etiam ad hoc, nospatrummaiorumq; noftrorum cxempla 
 inuitant, qui Temper humaniffimc fufceperunt & benigniifini e tracrauerunt il los,qui turn a I o- 
 cis propinquis,tum aremotis,eosamice' adibant, eorum fe protedlioni commendantes, Quod 
 fi omnibus id przftare asquum eft, certe mercatoribus imprimis prasftari debet,qui per vniuer- 
 fum orbem difcurrunt,mare circumluftrantes & aridam,vt res bonas & vtiles,que Dei benefi- 
 cio in regione eorum inueniuntur,adremotiiiimas regiones &regna adferant, atquc inde vi- 
 ciltim referant, quod (ux regioni vtile ibi rcpererint : vt & populi ad quos eunt.non deftituan- 
 tur commodis qua: non profcrt illis terra eorum, & ipfi lint participes rerum quibus illi abun- 
 dant. Nam Deus cceli&terra:,humanogenerimaximeconfu!ens,noluicvt omnia in quauis 
 regione inuenirentur,quo regio ope ahcriusregionis indigeret,& gens ab alia gente commo- 
 dum aliquod cxpe<ftaret,ac ita ftabiliretur amicitia inter omnes, finguliq; omnibus benefa- 
 ccre quxrerent. Hoc itaque ineundx ac ftabiliendx amicitia: defiderio moti viri quid am regni 
 noftri.iter in remotas maritimas regiones inftituerunr, vt inter noilros&illos populos, viam 
 mercibusinferendis&cfFerendisapcriient, nosq; rogauerunt vt id illis concederemus , Qui 
 petitioni illorum annuentes,conceifimusvirohonorabili& forti, Hugoni Wilibeo, & alijs 
 qui cum eo funt feruis noftris fidis & charis,vt pro fua voluntate , in regiones eis priiis incogni- 
 tas eanc,qua:(ituri ea quibus noscaremus, &adducant illis ex noftris cerris idquoilli carent. 
 Atquc ita illis & nobis commodum inde acccdar.fitq; amicitia perpetua,& foedus indiflolu- 
 bilc inter illos & nos, dum pcrmittent illi nos accipete dc rebus , quibus toper abundant in reg- 
 
 nis 
 
K. Edwards letters. Tratfiques,andDiicoueries. 
 
 H\ 
 
 nis fuis, & nos concedemus lllis ex regnis noltns res,quibus deltituuntur.Rogamus itaque vos 
 Reges & Principes,& omues quibus aliqua. ell poteftas in terra, vt viris iflis noftris, tranfitum 
 permittatis per regionesveltras.Nonenim tangent quicquamcx rebus veftris inuitis vobis. 
 Cogitate quod homines &ipiifunuEtliquarccaruerint,oramusproveftrabcneficcntia,earn 
 vos illis tribuatis,accipicntes vicifiim ab eis quod po;erunt rependere vobis. Ita vos gerite er- 
 ga eos.quemadmodum cuperetis vt nos,& lubditinottri, nos gcreremus erga feruos veltros, fi 
 quando tranfierintperregion:snorkas. Atque promittimus vobis perDeum omnium quae 
 ccelo,terra & maricontincntur,pcrq; vitamnoftraif^&tranquillitateiniegnorumnoftrorurn, 
 nos pari benignitate feruos veftros accepturos,(i ad regna noitra aliquando venei int, Atque a 
 nobis &fubditisiioftris,acfinatifuinenc in regnis noitris ita benigne traftabuntur,vt repen- 
 damus vobis benignitatem.quam noftris exhibuerins.Poftquam vos Reges, Principes,&c,ro- 
 gauimuSjVthumanitatc&bencficentiaomniprofequamini teruos noftros nobis charos, ora- 
 mus omnipotentem Deum noftrum.vt vobis diuturnam vitam Iargiatur,& pacem qux nullam 
 habeatfinem, Scriptum Londini, quarciuitaseftprimariaregninoftri, Anno 551 5,acreato 
 mundo,menfe Iiar,i4«die mcnfis,annofeptimoregni noftri, 
 
 The copie of the letters miffiue,which the right noble Prince 
 Edward tlxjixtfent to the lyings fPrinces^and other Potentates ,in^ 
 
 habiting the Northeaft partes ot the worlde, toward the mighty Empire of 
 
 Cathay, at fuch time as Sir Hugh Willoughby knight, and Richard 
 
 Chancelor.with their company,attempted their voyage thither in 
 
 the ycerc of Chrift. 1 553. and the feuenth and lalt yeere 
 
 of hisraignp, 
 
 I Dward thefirt,bp the grate of iSoD,&ing of Cnglano, jfrancc, anu 3JrelanD, 
 , fjrC. Co all IKtiigs, T|3?incc8,Kulerg, 3uDgcs.anD ©oucrnours oftlje cartij 3 ani3 
 all other fcauing anp ercellent Dignitieonthcfame, inallplacesbtuiertheb-- 
 l niuerfaltrjeauen : peace, tranrHtillitle,anD honour bebnto pou, anD pout lanDS 
 , ano regions, tohteh ate bitDer pour Dominions, ano to euerp of pou, as is conue* 
 ■ nter.t. 
 
 JFojafmuch as the great anD SUmigljtte <SoD fiatrj gittcnbntomfmR.inDe,aboue another Iluing 
 treaturrs/ucb an heart anD Deu"re,that euerp man ceGretb to ioiue fricnD&jip mith, otljer, to lotte, 
 anD be loueo.nlfo to giue anD recettte mutual! bencfites : it is therefore the Duetp of all men , ft* 
 coding to their poti)er,to maintaine anD incrcafe thisDcfire in euerp man , urith toellDefertiing 
 to all men, anD efpeciallp to theto tin's gooo affection to fucb , as being mouco tottlj this Dcfire, 
 comebnto them from fere countrcis. jfo? bom much tbe longer bopagc thep haue attemptcD 
 for this intent, fo much the moje Doe tljep tljcrebp Declare that this Dcfire hath bcnearDcnt in 
 them. JFurthcrmo^calfo, the ermnpleg of our fathers anD pjeDecciTo?s floe imiitebs hercutito> 
 fojafmuch asthepbaue cuer gcntlp anD leuinglpintreatcD fitch as of frienDlp mmD ranie to 
 trjem,afuiell from Countries ncarc hanD, as farre remote, commenoing thtmfelues to tbeirp?o= 
 lection. anD if it be rigbt anD rquitp to fljebo fuel) bumnnitie tomato all men, Doubtlcfle the 
 fameoughtcbieflptebeibetoeoto marcfjantsi , tohotoanDcring about tlje too;ilo,fcarcbbotb tlje 
 laitD ano the fea,to carrp fuel) gooD anD profitable things, as are founD in tljcir Countries , to re* 
 mote regions ana kingoomes.anD againe to tying from tlje fame , fuclj things as tljep fino tljere 
 tommoDious to: tljcir onme Countries : both aCoiell that che people, to toljom tljep goe, map not 
 be Defiitute of fucb commoDities as tljcir Countries bung not foajtlj to tljem , as that alio tljep 
 mapbepirctaKers of fucb things, bahereoftbepabouno. tftytheiSoD of heattenanoeartlj great* 
 IppjoiitDingfo^manhiuDe, tooulo not that all things fljoulD be founD in one region, to tbe 
 cnoe tljat one CrjoulD haitenecoe oFattntljer, tl;atbptl)is mcanes fricnDtbip might be cCabli* 
 fijeo among all men,, anD euerp one feene to gratificall. jfQ?tbee&ablifhinganD furtherance 
 of torjicb uniuerfaH amitie , certaine men of our Kealme, mooueD hccretmto bp the faiooe^ 
 Cre,ljaueinititutcD«tDtaltenrjpontbema Dapage bpfea intofacreCountreis, to tbe intent 
 that bettoeene our people anDthein, a n)apmapbecopeneDtob?ingin,anDcacp outinarcbaitDi- 1 
 ?es,De[iringbs to fttrtljer tljeir enterpjife.Sltho afienting to tl;eirpetition,baue licenfeDtlje rigljt 
 baliant ano toojtljp §)ir Hugh Willoughby, Knight, anD otljer our trtttJp anD faitljfull fcruants, 
 toljicbare tuitl> bim,aceo?Ding to tbeir Defire.to goc to countrcis to tbcm beetctofo?e bnlwolocn, 
 afnjcllto feene Hal) tljings astoelacRCjasalfbtOcarpbntbtbemfromour regions, fuel) tljings 
 astbeplacke.^otrjatberebpnotonelpcommoDitiemapenfuebotbtotrjemanD bs, butalfo an 
 inDilfoluble ano ptrrpetuall league of frienDfljip be eCablifbeD betireenebs both, inljile tljep per* 
 
 $X z mis, 
 
l^Z 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, S. Hugh Willowzhby* 
 
 3iar. 31 tooulb 
 rcabc t^air, 
 that is, m tn s 
 fearafcHlaiis 
 Biiage,!iiittof 
 CurhilbanU 
 Ktegppriail, 
 jPttijimrtc.m* 
 wpitUDbp 
 tpeimllE moo 
 itctli to (ct 
 ifaipa to tRe 
 tia. 
 
 Cfie firlt Qjip. 
 
 imt Us to take cf tljcir things, fitch tohercof tbep baue abunoancc in their regions, ano toe againe 
 grant them fuel) things of ours, U'ljereof tbf v are oeCitute 2£te t&erfbje Defire pou kings a- pn'n* 
 ccs,ami alotber,to inborn ttjere isanppofoer on tbe eattb.to permit Unto tbefe our fcruanta free 
 paflage lip pour regions ano Dominions: ftvj tbep ujalinot towel) anp thing of pours bntoilltng bn« 
 to pou. Cinltoerpon that thep alio ate men. 3if therefore tbep iMlttano in ncene of anp thing, 
 toe DcGre pou ofall bumanitic, ano fo? tbe nobilitie tobicb is in pou , to apne ano hefpe tbcm toitlj 
 Cue!) tl;mgs as tbep larfse, reteiiring agame of them fuel; things as tbep fljallbee able to giue pou 
 in r compcnff.febetopour feluesfc totoaros tbem,as pou toouto tbattoeano ourfubtects ujoulo 
 fljeuic our felues toniaros pour feruants, if at anp time tljep (bail pafle lip our regions, 
 
 'Cbtis notng,\i)e p?omtfc pou up the <Eoo ofall things that are rontaineo in beauen , cattfj, ana 
 the &ea, ano bp tbe life ano tranquillicic of our Ringoomes, that uie toill Bricb like humanieie ac* 
 cept pour feruants.if at anp time thep (ball come to our kuigoomcs, toljere tbep fljall as frienolp 
 ano gentlp bee entertaineo , as if tbep tocrc borne inour Dominions , that toee map hrrebp it-- 
 compencc the fauour ano benignitie tobicb pou baue (betoec to our men, 'Cbus after toe haneoc» 
 fircb pou Kings ano pnnccs, $c toitlj all bumanitp ano fauout,to enrertatne our tuelbeloueti fer« 
 uants.toe toillpjap our 3lmigrjtp <6oD,to graunt pou leng life,ano peace, tobiebneuer Cballhaue 
 enoe.&K?utt nin Lonoon.tobicb is the thicfe Citie of our kingoome,in the peere from the create 
 onoftbetoojlo, jjij.intbemonetl) of3iiar, the foureteentb cap of tbe mancth, ano fcuentfj 
 pcercofourrcigne. 
 
 This letter was written alfoin Greeke,and diuers other languages. 
 
 The true copieof a note found written in one of the two fhips, 
 
 towitjheSyttznzZswhichrpintredmLappiafVphereJirHughWiUougbby 
 and all his companie died.being frozen to death. Anno 1553. 
 
 ^cboiaptntcniKofojtbeotftoucne of Cathay,an6oiuers other regtons,tio« 
 minions, 8 flanus.ann places toiknotoen,fct fojtb bp tlje rigbttooifbipful.ma* 
 fler Sebartian Cabota Cfu.Htre 5 ano ©ouernour of tbe mpCerie ano company 
 oftbeS^arctjantsaouenturersofthecitieofiontionjnjbicbflectebeingfur* 
 niflieo,oiD fet fo?trj the tenth Dap of Spap, 1 y j 3 .ano in the fcuentlj pcerc of out 
 moBojeao Soueraigne Lojo,atttiKtttg,Edward the fixe 
 
 The names of the fhippes of the fleetc,and of their burden,together with the names of the 
 Captaines.and Counfellors,PilotMaior,Maftersof thefiiips, Marchancs, with other 
 officers, and Mariners,as hereafter folio weth. 
 
 -ftrje Bona Eiperanza.aBmirall of tbe flcete,of 1 2o,tunnes,ljauingtoith ber a pinnetfe, ano a 
 boate, 
 
 Sir Hugh Willoughby,fenigbt,Captm'ne general! of tljeflectf, 
 
 William GefTerfon,Spaflerof the Ujippe, 
 Roger Wilfon,hiS a^ate. 
 
 William Gittons,CharlesBarret,GabrielWilloughby,Iohn Andrews, Alexander Wood- 
 foord, RalphChattertonjSparcbantS, 
 
 Mariners and officers, accordingtothecuftome.and vfeof the Seas, 
 Iohn Brooke, Spafier<Smmer, 
 
 Nicholas Anthony ,15oatefu)aine, 
 
 Iohn Web.bisS^ate. 
 
 ChriftopherBanbrucke, Thomas Dauhon,RobertRoffc,Thorna*SimpfoD, quarter Spa'- 
 
 Iters. 
 
 William White, lames Smith, Thomas Painter, Iohn Smith, tbew Spates, 
 Richard Gwinne,George Goifwinc.CatpetlterS, 
 Robert Gwinne.'Purfer. 
 Laurence Ed wards, bis Spate, ano Cotter, 
 Richard Morgan,Cooke, 
 Thomas Nafhe,tjt85!pate. 
 
 William Light,lohn Brande, Cutbert Chelfie,GeorgeBlage,7horoas Walker, Thomas 
 Allen, Edward Smith,Edward Hunt,Iohn Fawkner,Rowland Brooke, 
 Alexander Gardiner,Richard Molton,<%utgeonS,Ulbtlb ttoO totre tafeen in at Harwich. 
 
 Dt&WO 
 

 John Suffaxii 
 
 tninptrollcr of 
 tin ipatclhts 
 
 name 
 
 S. Hugh WlJlougbbie. Traffiques > & Difcouenes. 23$ 
 
 JDifthargCD at Harwich.bpreafotl Of 0cRnC!6,GeorgeBlakc,Nicholas Anthony. 
 
 jfoj. pttbeiie oucfceo at tlje paras a erne ,ano fo Dtfcbargen Thomas Naft, 
 
 <EIjc Edward Bonauenturc,of i oo.ttmnea.toitb her a pmnelTe,anD a boate. 
 
 Richard Chancclor.Captaine, anD pilot maior of the fleete, 
 
 Stephen Borowgh.fl^aCer Of the fbip. 
 
 Iohn B uckland, tjis spate, 
 , George Burton.Arthur Edwards,Sparchant$, 
 . Iohn Stafford, Spt'mller. ,,,,.. 
 
 lames DaIlaber,NicholasNewborrow,IohnSegfwike, Thomas Francii,Iohn HaiTe, Ri- * ,a,roR ' r • 
 chard Iohnfon, William Kempe. 
 
 Mariners and officers, according co the cuftomc and vfe of the Seas* 
 
 Robert Stanton, Spatter <15mtner, 
 
 Iohn Walker^ijg spate* 
 
 lames Long,Iohn Cocks, 6tttinerg. 
 
 Thomas Walter.&urgeon, 
 
 Peter Palmer.'BoatefiBatne, 
 
 Richard Strowde,b«SSpate. 
 
 Iohn RobinfonjIohnCarowe.ThomasStone.RogerLUhbiCjqijarter Staffer?. 
 
 Iohn Auften.'SitetoarDtPatiickeStcuensjVjiia spate, 
 
 Aufien Iacks,Caoke» 
 
 William Euery.Cotopec, 
 
 Griffin Wagham, Carpenter, 
 
 Thomas Stelfton,Thomas Towncs,Iohn Robinfonjohn White, William Laurence, Miles 
 Butter.Iohn Browne, William Morren, William Watfon, Thomas Handcocks, Edward Pa- M.vvaiUmBut. 
 cic, Thomas Browne, Arthur Pet,GeorgePhibarie,EdwardPatterfon, William Beare,Iohn rough ho«d« 
 Potter,Nicholas Lawrence, William Burrough, Roger Welford,Iohn Williams. 
 
 CheBonaConfidentiaof9o,tmme?,!)autno;toitljherapintt«Ile,anDauoatc. 
 < Cornelius Durfoorth,Spatter of the Ibtppe. 
 Richard Ingram,hijS Spate. 
 Thomas Langlic, Edward Keuer, Henrie DorfetjSparerjantg. 
 
 Mariners and officers, according to the vfe and cuftome of the Sea, 
 
 Henrie Tailer, spader ©unrter. 
 
 George Thurlandjbis Spate. . 
 
 William Hamane^oatcfujaine, 
 
 Iohn Edwards, big Spate. 
 
 Thomas Kirbie.Henrie Dickenfon.Iohn Haye,WilIiarn Shepwafli,q«artet JgaCerjf. 
 
 Iohn Reyne,§>tetoatB. 
 
 Thomas Hante.CoORe. Willia^i Laffie,hijS Spate, 
 
 Nicholas Knight, Carpenter. 
 
 Peter Lcwike,NicholasWiggIeworth,Iohn Moore, William Chapman, Brian Chefler, 
 William Barric,RichaidWood,ClementGibfon,IohnClarocke,EralrnusBently, Iohn Duri- 
 forth. 
 
 The hramffitunijOt othe,miniftrcd to the Captaine. 
 
 Yf)ufball ttacare to he a faithfuIUrue.ano Iopal fubiece in all points,anD outte^tfjat to a ftu> 
 tect appertainctb,to our fouetaigne Lojd the Kings 9patcflie,hiiS betres,ano fucceflb?0 : ano 
 that pott ffjaH toel ano trtielp to the ottermofl of pour capacitie,ttrit,$ RnotoleBge,ferue this p?e* 
 fent tootage,committeo to pour cbarge,auD not to giue bp,no? fooncr intermit tbefame,t)ntilpou 
 ftaUhaue atcbteueo the fame,fo fane foojth, as pou map tottljont Danger of pour life, anololTe 
 of the fleete : pou OjaH gitie gooOjtrttCjano faithful rounfell to the fain focietie,anti to fitch as (hat 
 hatie thecharge toith o % bnoer pou , anD not to Difclote the fecrctM) p jtttities ofttje fame to anp 
 perfon bp anp maner ofmeane.to the pjeiuoice.hurt.oi Damage of it. goufijal mtntfler iuttice to 
 alimcn intoer pour charge, toithout refpect of perfon.oj anp affection.Sjat might moue pou to De-- 
 tline from tbettue mimffratton ofiuflice.flnD furtber.poufbal obfcruc,ano caufe to be obferueD, 
 asmucfjasifopou lictb, all aito lingular rttle^articleo, p joutGons hitherto maoe, ojheereaftee 
 to be maoefoi tlje p;efcruattcn 01 fafccoitDuct of the fleete ano bopage,anp benefit oferje companp, 
 2>ou (ball not permit no? fttffcr tlje llocke 01 goow of the companp to be toatteD.tmb^cIeD.oi ton* 
 fumeDjbut ujalltonfcrue the fame tohole ann eiUire,iatthoutmmira(bment, Dntill pou (ball haue 
 
 41 3 BeliuertD, 
 
m 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, SJHugh WMougkbie. 
 
 $?ap. 
 
 Uunt. 
 
 oeliuereo, o? caufe to be aeliuerco tbe fame , to tbeofe oft{je companie. 3no finallp pou fijal ufe 
 pout felfe in all point?, fo?ts,anD conditions, as to a faithfull captaine,ano brother of this compa* 
 nie (ball belong; ano appertaine: &o Ijclpe pou <$oo,gfc. 
 
 The otheminiftred to the Maifter of the fliip,&c. 
 
 2Du (ball ftteare bp tbebolp contents tntbatbooke,thatpouacco?oing ano'to 
 tbeMtermott of pourknotoleoge, ano gooobnoerftanoingin mariners fcience 
 ano craft, (ball in pour Dotation Doe pour bed to conouct the poo fijippe calico 
 ,thc}ft.$c.tohereofpounoteeareCpaifferbmier<eoD, both unto ano from the 
 po?tesofpourDifcouerie, anofo Dfepour inoeuottr ano faitfjtuH Diligence , in 
 1 charging, oifebarging, laoing againe , ano roomaging of tlje fame ftjippe, as map 
 iemofffo?tbebene6teamip?oftteof this right tooo?(hipfull ftllotofljtp: anD pou BjaHnotp?i« 
 uatelp bargein,bup,fcll,crcbange,barter, o? Diflribute anp gooDS,toares,mercbcMDi ? e,o? things 
 tobatfoeuec (necetfarp tackles anD victuals fo? the ftjippe onelp erceptcDJto o? fo? pour otone Iu« 
 ere, gaine o? p?o8t, netttjer to no? fo ? tbe p?iuate Iucre,gaine, o? pjoftt of anp other ptrfon o? per* 
 fons tobatfoetter.ann furttjer, Jif pou ffjall Imoto anp boatftoaine,marincr,o? anp other perfonoj 
 perfons tubatfottt£r,to bttp, fell, barter, mtcke,o? ercljange anp gooDs,toares, marchanoi?es, o? 
 tljings fo? p'jtuate account , reckoning, o? bebalfe, pou ftjalftor pour bell to toitbttano ano let tbe 
 fame t amTif pou cannot commooiouflp fo Doe,tbat tljen before the Dtfcbarge of fiich gooos bought 
 fo? p?fuat accottnt,pou ftjal giue knotoleoge trjercf to the cape marcbant of tljis faio felloteujip fo? 
 tbetime bcing ; 9nD pou (bal not receitie no? take,no? fuffer to be rccetueo o? taken into pour faio 
 Chip During this Uopage anpmanerpcrftm o?pcrfonstohat(beuer, going o? returning, but onelp 
 ttjofe mariners tobicb toitboutftauo o? guile (ball be bitfD to be of pour companp,ano to ferueiu 
 mariners craft ano fcience onelp : &o belpe pou <$oo,$c. . . 
 
 ^befefo?efain(bippesbeittgfullpfu?ni(beDtoitb tbeirpmnetTes ano boates, toellappointeo 
 tuitlj al manec of arttllerie,ana other things necetfarp fo? their Defence toith al tbe men afo?efaiD, 
 oeparteo from ftatcliffe, ano oaleD Unto Detfo?o , the i o.oap of 9g ap, i j 5 3 . 
 
 %\jc 1 i.oap about ttoo of the clockc,toe oeparteo fromDetfo?o, pafQngbpd3reentoicb,faIu» 
 tingtbe kings S^aieUp then being there, (booting off our ojoinance^ fo Ualeo Unto 15lacktoaH, 
 ano there remaineo Until the 1 7.Dap,ano that oap m the morning tee teent from 35Iacktoall, anB 
 came to JBooltoich bp nine of the clocke,ano there remaineo one tine, ano fo tbe fame night unco 
 $ep?eth. 
 
 %X)t 1 8,oap from $ep?etlj Unto ©rauefenn, ano there remaineD Until tbe ttaenttetb Dap:tbae 
 Dap being S»aterDap,f torn ©rauefeno unto Eilbcrie i&ope, remaining there Dntill the ttoo ann 
 tteentt'etbDap. » , 
 
 •Ebe 2 2,oap from Cilberp lj)cpe to Collie hf uen. 
 
 ^Dbe * 3 .oap from l^ollie ipatten, till tee came againB lee,ano tljere remaineo that night , bp 
 teafbn that the toinoe teas contrarp tons, 
 
 Che 24»oap the tetnoe being tntbe &outljtoett in the morning, toe faileb along tbe coatt ouer 
 tbe Sipitsf, umill tee came againfl &>. Ofy th, about fire of the clocke at night, ano tl;ere came to 
 anker,anD abooc tljere all that tiigvjt* 
 
 ^be 2 j.oap about tenne of the clocke toe oeparteo from %, Oiyfti,anD fo fatleD fo?toaro bn* 
 to the Jftafe,ano there abooe that night fo? teinoe ano tioe , 
 
 %%t 2 6,oap at Sue of the clock in the mo?ning,toc teepee our anker,anDfaileo ouer tlje $afe, 
 the toinoe being at tlje g>outbtoclr,unuH teee cantc to © ?toell teanos, ano t^ere came to an an* 
 ker, ano abooe there bntilltlje 28,03?^ 
 
 djt fame Dap being '©rinitic Sunoap about 7.of eftfje cloche bcfo?e noone toe toepeo our an* 
 kers,ano fallen til toe came atbteart 20alfurfpe,ano tbere came to an anker. 
 
 ■Kbc 2p,oap from thence to flpolmeI}eaD,tobere toe flapeo that Dap, inhere toe confulteotoljic|( 
 toap,ano tehat cour fee toere bed to be bolocn fo? the Difcouerte of cur bopage, ano there agreeD. 
 
 W)e 3 o t oap of ®ap at fiue of tbe clocke in the ms?ning toee fet fa:le , ano came againff 2?er* 
 mouth about tb?celeague3into the fea,riDingti)ereatanfeeraH that night. 
 
 %\)t lad of s©ap into the i^ea fire leagues |3o?tbea2, ana there tarieo tljat night, tobere tOe. 
 toinoe bletoberpfo?e. 
 
 %l)t firCofJune the toinoe being at jSo?th contrarp to D3, toee came backe againe to ©?< 
 tocll, ana remaineo there bntill tbe 1 s . Dap^tarping fo? the toinoe,fo? all Ujts time tfte toinoe toaai 
 contrarp to ourpurpofe. 
 
S. Hugh JVillougbbie. Traffiques_ > & Difcouenes » 235 
 
 %\)Z 1 5 Dap beingatOfwelititbelatituoeof 5 2 Degrees, in the morning tocc toepeoour an* 
 feers,ano toent fo^tlj into the toanos about ttoo miles from the totonc, arm lap tljcre tljat nigijr. 
 
 Chei6Dapatcightofcbeclocketoefctfo?toarD, ano fapleo bntill toe came atbtoatt Albur- 
 rough.artD ttjere ttapcD tbat night. 
 
 ■&lje 1 7 Dap about fiueof the clocke befoje noone toe toent backe bnto Or fbrdneffe , auo tfjerc 
 ttmatncD bntill the 1 9 Dap* 
 
 %\)t 19 Dap at eight of tlje clocke in the morning toe toent baefce to Orwel , ajiD aboce tljcre 
 tbjee oapes tarping foj tbe toinoe, 
 
 Clje a 3 Dap of 31 tine the toino being faire in tbe §>outbtoefl toe bailco into tlje feas to Orford- 
 nefle.ano from tljenteinto tlje feas ten leagues jao?tljeafl : tben being pan" the fantis,toc ckangco 
 our courfefire leagues pojtljno jtljeaff: about miDntgljt toe changes our courfc againc,ano toent 
 Duej|3o?tb, continuing in tlje fame bnto tbe 2703?, 
 
 Cbe 27 Dap about feuen of tlje clocfee jftojcljnojtbtoelf 42 league?! rorfje tnoe to fall toith 
 •Shodand:tbcntbetoinDDearcDtotlje&Befl, fotljattoecoulD liebutj!5o?tlj anobpa2Mt,con= 
 tinuingin the fame coutfe 40 leagues, tobercbp toecoulD not fetcb Shodand 5 tben toe fapleo 
 3"3o?ttj 1 6 leagues bpettimacion,after that jT3o;ttb ano bp 5HelX? 33ojthno?tbtoefi,thcn g>outb« 
 eatt,toith Diuers other courfes.tratterfing anD tracing tlje feas,i p reafon of umojp ano manifoloe 
 contrarptoinoes, bntill the 1 4 Dap of3Hty: ano tljen the funneentring into Leo, toeDtfcouerrD j ixlp , 
 lanD Catttoaro of bs,bnto tlje tobicb toe fapleo that night as muclj as toe might % anD after toee 
 toent on ujojx toitb our pnnelfe, & founo little Ijoufes to tlje number of 3 o, tohere toe kneto tbac 
 tctoas inljabiteD , but the people toere fleoatoap,as toe itiDgeo,fo;ifcareof bs. 
 
 ©belano toas all fullof little JlflanDs.atiD that imtumeraule.tobicb toere calIeo(as toe IcarneD 3» tws tana 
 aftertoatDS)/Egeland anD Halgeland, tohicb lietlj from Orf'ordneflc jSojtlj anD up «£aft , bfing S?rtreSnrt». 
 in trje Iatttaoe of <56 Degrees. ©beDiftance bcttoeene OrfordnciTeanDjEgelandijolearjuep, 
 ©ben toe faileD from tljence 1 2 leagues jJ2o?tljtoett, anD founD manp otljcr 3|flanoes, anotljere 
 came to anker tbe 1 9 Bap, anD manncD our pinnetTe.anD toent on fljoje to tlje 31flanos,anD fcttno 
 people motoing ano making of Ijap, tobtcb came to tlje (bo je anD toclcomeo bs. 31 n tobiclj place RoIl af nnt>9. 
 toere an innumerable fo?t of 3StIanDS,totjich toere calico tlje 31fles of Roft,being bnoer tbe conn* 
 ntoit of tbe king of Denmarke : tobiclj place toas in IatitttDe,6<5 Degrees , anD 3 o minutes, ^bc 
 totnoe being contrarp,toeremapneDtJberetb?eeDapcs,ttljeretoas an innumerablcfo^offoults 
 of Diuers kinoes,of tohielj toe tooke berp manp, 
 
 1£be2 2DaptbetoinDecommingfapje,toeDepartcDfromRoft, failing jl-Jc^ljUOitljcall, kec* ' 
 ping tbe fea bntill tlje 27 Dap, anD tben toe ojcto nee-re bnto tlje lanD , toljicb toas fitliCafl of bs : 
 tben toent f co \ tlj our pinnetle to feche harbo?eto, 9 founo manp gooD Ijarbours, of tlje tobiclj toe 
 entreD into one toitb our ujippes, tobicb toas calleo Stanfew, anD tlje lanD being aflanos, toere sua&wftarboi. 
 calleD Lewfoot,o? Lofoot, tobtcb toere plentifullp inljabiteD, ano berp gentle pcople.beingalfo Lofoo£ 
 tonoer tlje King of Denmarke: buttoe toulD not learne hotofaree it toas from tbe maine lanoiano ° 00t ' 
 toe rcmaineo there bntil the 3 o Dap,being inlatitttoe 68 Degree?,anDfccm tlje fojefatD Roft about 
 3 oleagues Bo?tljnojtbeati. 
 
 CljejoDapofSlulpaboutnoonetoetoepeD our ankers,attD toent into tbe §>eas, anD fapleD a- 3j llBU rt 
 !6ngtljefe31tIanDS515o?tbno?tbeaC, keeping tlje lanD flillin Cgljt bntill ttje fecono Dap of !3u= 
 gutt \ then bailing in clofe aboop tlje lanD, to tbe entent to knotoe tobat lanD it toas, tljcre came a 
 fkiffe oftbe3iflanoaboo?Dof DSjOftobonttoeafkeD manpqueflions,toboujetoeDbntobs,tljat tijc 
 SltlanDtoas calleo Seynam, tobiclj is tlje lattcuoe of fcuentp DegreeSj ano from Stanfew tljirtic seynamin;© 
 leagues, being alfo bnoer tbe king of Denmarke, ano tljat there toas no mtrcljanoife there, but 6c s" w ' 
 onetpD?peor(flj,anDtraincople,©bc"toebeutgputpofeDtogocbntoFinmarke,{nqu(r£Dofljim, 
 if toe might baue a pilot tob^ingbsbnto Finmarke.gt Ijefaio.tbat if toecoulo beare in, toe fljouln 
 rjaueagooDljarbour,anoon tlje nertoapapilottob^ingbstoFinmaike, bnto the toar.Dboufe, 
 tobiclj is tlje firongettholDe in Finmarke, ano mod refojtco to bp report, "But toljentocctooulo 
 baue entreo into an harbour, tlje lano beingberp Ijigboncutrp Roe, there came fucljflatoes of 
 toinoe ano terrible tobitletoincs,tljat toe toere not able to btarein,btttbpbtoUnce toere conflrai-- 
 neo to take tlje fea agapne,ourpnncffe being rmftjipt s toe failco JlSojtb anD bp <£afi,tljetoinD in= 
 cteattng fo foje tljat toe toere not able to beare anp faile, but tooke tljcm in.ano lap a ojif t,to the 
 eno tolct the flomie otter patTc. 3ud that nigbtbpbiolcnce of toinoe, ano. tljickentlTc of mills, toe 
 toere not able to keepe together toicljin Bgbt.ano then about mt'onfght toe loC our pitmeffe.tobtf I) 
 toas aoifcomfo?t bnto bs« 9tfoone as it toas Dap, anD the fogge oucrpaS, tee lookcB ab6ut 4 a!io 
 at theiatt toe Dcfcrico one of ourlbippcs to leetoato sf bs : then toe fpjeo anhiillocke'qf 6urfb)e= 
 faile, ano bare roometoitlj her, tobicb toas the Confioence, but the Edward toe coutonotfee, 
 ^|jen tlje flato fometljing abating, toeanO iljeConfidcncc Ijopfeobp ourfatUstlje fourtljoap, 
 
 faplvtp; 
 
1^6 
 
 — - - — — — ^— — -^— — - 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Si Hugh Willcugh hie. 
 
 WiltoughbieljiO 
 
 IaiiB.ni72 0S' 
 
 fapling #3o jtbeaft ano bp Ji5o ?tb,to the eno to fall toitlj tbe COarDljoufe, as toe bio c onfall to bee 
 I)cfo?e,in cafe toeujoulopart ccmpanp,®busrunning3:2o?tbeattano bp jftojtb., anb jSojujeafl 
 fifcte leagues s t he n toe founbco.anb bao i do f acomcs,toberrbp toe thought to be farre from lanb, 
 anbpcrceiueo that the lano lap not as the ©lobe maoeroentiomilOljetfoje toe tbangco ourccurfc 
 the firt oap,ano faileo Smutljeatt ano bp g>outlj eight and fo jtte lea gucs,t Ijin king there lip to fino 
 tbe afliatDljoufe. 
 
 Che eigttDapmurbteinocrifingattbe^ettno?tbtoctt , toenotlmotoingljcto the confllap. 
 Crook out faple*s,anb lap a o?ift,toljere toe founbeb ano founo 1 60 faoomes as afo?e. 
 
 Che ninth oap.the tomb beating to the Soutb gpoutljcatt, toe failcb jftojtbcafi 25 leagued 
 
 Che tenth bap toe foimoco,anD coulo get no grounb,neitljer pet coulb fee anp lano,toberat toe 
 toonocrcoj then tbe toino tomming at the jflojtbf afl.toe tan S> outljeatt about 48 leagues. 
 
 Cbe 1 1 bap ,tbe toino being at <§>outlj,toe founocb,ar.b fottnb 40 faDoms,auo faire fane 
 
 Che 1 2 bap tbe toinbe being at &>outlj ano bp Cad, toe lap toitb out faile Calf, anb Calf ano 
 bpjl3o?tb 30 leagues, 
 
 Che 1 4 bap eatlp in tbe mo ming toe Defence lanb, tobicb lane toe bare to t'tb all , boiling out 
 out boat to bifcotiet tobat lano it migbtbe ; but tbe boat coulb not come to lanb tt,c teatcr teas to 
 fijoale, tobcre teas berp much ice alfo.but there teas no fimilituoe cf habitation, anb tbis lanb Ip* 
 ctbfrcmScynamSattanbbp^2o?tbt^oleague?,beinginlatttutie72Ccgteti3t ^bentocplp* 
 eb to tbe jf2o?tljtoa?o tbe 1 5,16 anb 17 bap, 
 
 Cbe 1 8 bap, tbe toino e tomming :at tbe j3o?tbeatt, anb tbe Confiocnce being troublcb tottlj 
 bilge tester , ano aoefeco,toe thought it gooo to fc t fee barbcur fo? bet rcb?clfc: then toe bare rooms 
 the 1 8 cap g>outl)foutbealt,iibout 70 leagues, 
 
 ^ZDfje 21 oaptoefounoeo.anD founo lofacome, after tbat toe founoto againe, anb founobut7 
 fabome, fo fljoaloer anb ujoaloer toatcr,ano pet coulo fee no Iano,toljcre toe mar tic ileb greatlp:to 
 aueicc tljis eangectoe bate roomer into tbe fea all tljat nigbt jiSojtljtoett anb bp MeQ. 
 
 CbenertDapteefounoco,anDbao 2o,faooms,tben ftjapeoour rourfe, mibrau £&eit&otttljs 
 toeft unt ill tbe 2 5 ,oap : tl;en toe Defence tote lano,bnto toiji cb toe bare as nigb as toe coulB,an& 
 it appearco bnto bs bnbabitable, Cljen toee plpeo (EiHelttoaro along bp tbat lanoe , toljiclj Ipetfc 
 ffiHett Sioutbtocvf , ano Catt |5ojtbcalI, ano muclj toinbe blctotng at tbe ZBtS, toe Ijaltb into tlje 
 fea jfro?tlj ano bp Cat! 3 o.Iesgues. "'Stjen tlje toinoe tomming about at tbe j!2o?tbealt,toe fatlctt 
 Wlett 3fto?tbtoeS : after tbat, tlje toinbe bearing to tbe 33o?tbtoeu\ toe lap tettlj cur failes aOett 
 foutbtoetr.about i4.Ieagues,anb tbenbcfcricb lanb,anobareintoitb it,beingtbe 28,oap,6nbing 
 fijoale toater,ano bare in till toe came to 3 .fabome,tben petreitting it to be fijoale toatcr, ano alfo 
 feeing o?iefanes,toeljaleo out arjainc jRlo^tljeafl along tbat lano bmil toe came to tbepcinttbet* 
 of,Cbat lanb turning to tbe 35Iteatoat0e,toe ran along 1 6, leagues ji5o?tbtoeif : trjen commtraj 
 into a faire bap,toe toent on lano toitlj our boat, tobicb plate toas bnbabiteo, but vet it appeareB 
 Dnto bs tljat tbe people fcao bin tbere,bp croues,ano otljet Cgnes t from tfjence toe toent all along 
 tl)c coafl caelitoaro. « 
 
 ?Cbe fourth oap of September toe loll fTgtje of Iano,bp reafon of contrarp toinos,anb tbe et'gbt 
 bap toe oefcrico lano againe. iOitljin ttoo oapes after toe lott tbe Cgbt of it : tben running Wttt 
 ano bp Soutb about 3 o,Icagues,toe gat tlje tight cf lano againe, ano bare in toitlj tt tnttll nigbt: 
 tben perceiutng it to be a lee ftjo je.toe gat bs into tbe fea,to tlje eno to Ijaue fea roome. 
 
 %})t 1 2,of September toe bailee to ftjoarctoaro againe , bailing tben inoiffercnt toinoe ano 
 toeatber : tben being ncetc bnto tbe ujoare, ano tbe tioe aimed faent , toee came to an anker lit 
 3 o.faooms toatcr. 
 
 3Dhe 1 3. oap toe came along t!;e coa(I,tobicb lap3I5o?tljtoettano bp eneff, ano ©otttbeattatu) 
 bpcEaff. 
 
 ^c 1 4,oap toe came to an an&er tot'tbtn ttoo leagues of tbe ujoare, bauing (?o^aooms. 
 
 djere toe toent a fljojie toitlj our boat, $ founo ttoo 0? tbjee gooo ljarbo?ongbs,tbe lano being 
 rocKp,anobigb,but as fo? people coulo toe fee none. Cbe 15 oap toe ran mil along tlje roattbn* 
 till tlje 1 7 oap: tben tbe toinoe bcingcontrarp Dnto bs, toe tbotigbt it bell to tetutne bnto tbe bar* 
 bo? tebiclj toe Ijab founo bcfojte.ano fo toe bare roomer toitb tbe fame,botoucit toe coulo not acc5< 
 pliftj our oettre tljat oap, Cbenert oap being tlje 18 ofsg>eptcmbcr,toecntreo into tbe bauen,ann 
 there came to an an&er at 6 f aDoms, HLW bauen rtmnctb into tbemaine, about ttoo Ieagues,ann 
 is in l)?eotb balfe a league, toberein toere berp manp feale fiujes,?otber great fiujes, ano upon tbe 
 irfainetoifatobcareSjgreatoccrejfore^toitboiuers Brangc bcafis,asiguloines,anofutbotbet 
 toljicb toere to MS bn&notoen,anb alfo toonoerf ull, Cbus rnnaining in tljts bauen tbe fpace of a 
 toe#Ke,fceing tbe pcare farre fuent,$ alfobtrp euilltoetber, as frott.fnoto^ano batlcast&ougbfc 
 ^lObcenetbeotepcoftomtcrjtoctljotigbtbclltototntertbere^eiberefojetoe&ntouttbjeemett 
 
 ^outbfoutji' 
 
 Sirptembcr. 
 
 . 
 
 ~H tD(0QMI(U 
 t[)r i' Qicli. 
 
 [|Dj,eiloni» r 
 
c Kicb. Qbancelour. TrafHques,and Diicouenes. 
 
 237 
 
 feoucljfoutljUJEtt, to fcacct) it tt;t j> coulD fine people, tol^J mem tt;?ce napes lotinirp , but coulD mumMU 
 flnoc none: after that, toe fcnt other tb^eeSIleuTiJarD foureDaicsiourncp, lutjicljalforfturneD g^nugh wu 
 toitbout BnDing anp people. ©ben fent toe tb?ee men &outbeaff tbjee oapeg iourntp,toljo in like |™ 8 e %$? 
 (b^emurneDtoit^oHtfiiiMngofpioplejO^anpCmilituDeofljabitatton. uuasVrtrn 
 
 • . foanD. 
 
 Thcfe two notes following were written vpon theoutfide of this 
 
 Pamphlet, or Bookc, 
 
 1 ©be pjoccecings' of S>tr Hugh Willoughbie afterrje toas feparatcDfrbm the 
 
 - Edward Bonauenture. 
 
 2 SDur fbtppc being at an anfeer in the harbour calleD Sterfier in the 3iflanD 
 
 Lof6ote + 
 
 ©h e riuer 0? fatten tohercm !§>ir Hugli Willoughbie urith the companic of his ttoo IrjiHSpe-- 
 rilheDfo?colD,ts calleD Arzinain Lapland,neere»ntoKcgor.13utitappearetblipa aoillfouno 
 in tbe (hip tljat h>\x Hugh Willoughbie ano molt of the companp toere altue in 3antwp 1554* 
 
 The booke of the great and mighty Emperor ot'Rufiia, 
 
 and Duke ofWlo(couia.,and of tbe dominions orders and comma* 
 1 ditics thereunto belonging : drawen by Ricbardckattcelour. 
 
 ©jafmud) as it is meete ano neceflarp fo? all thofe that minoe to cake in banoe 
 the trauell into farre oillrange countreps,to enneuour tbcmfelttcs not onelp 
 to unoeiftanoe tbe o?Der$, commoDities, ano fruitf ulneffe thereof , but alfo to 
 applicthcm to tbe fetting foqitb of tbe fame, toberebp it map incourageo* 
 thcrs to tbe like trauaile : therefore bane 31 notoe thought gooD to make a 
 j^J^ssgJL^ bjMcrcbearfallof thcojoerBoftbismptrauaile in Ruflia anDMofcouia,ano 
 other countrcps thereunto aoiopning; becaufe it toas mp chaunce to fall toitb the JSojtb 
 partes of Ruflia befoje 3 came totoarDs Mofcouia, 3 toili partlp Declare mp knotolcoge 
 therein* Ruflia is uerpplcntifull both of lano ano people , ano alfotoerthp foj fucb comma* 
 cities as tfcep haue, ©hep be toerp great fiujers fo? Salmons ano fmall GCoddcs: thep haue 
 much ople tobieb toee call treine ople, tlje moCE tohereof is maDe bp a riuer calleD ||Duina, iT> uym 
 ©hep make it in other plates , but not fo mucbas there, ©hep Ijnttc aim a great trace in fee- 
 thing offnite toatcr. ©oithe J2ojth parte oftljat cotmtrep are the places toberc.thep haue their 
 JFutces, as tables, marterns, greefleTgeuers, f orestobite, Macke, ano reooe, S^inkes, 
 Crmines, SJjJJnuta, am> (parts, ©here are alfo a Bfyetf teeth , tobieb fill) is calleD a spoitte. 
 ©he takers thereof Dtoell in aplace calleD Poftefora, tobieb biingthcm upon partes to Lam- &ote, 
 pas to fell, ano from Lampas catic them to a place calleD Colmogro , tohcre the hie market is 
 holoenon ^aint Nicholas Dap, ©0 tlje WLtft of Colmogro there is a place calleD Graca- 
 nouc, inourlangtiageNouogorode, inhere much fine flare ami Ipempegrotoetb, anoalfo 
 mucbtoare ano honie. ©be Dutch marchants haue a &tapIeboufe there, ©here is alfo 
 great ttoie of bines, anD at a place calleo Plefco : ano thereabout is great ffoje of f lare$cmpe, 
 SHare, C)onie ; ano that totone is from Colmogro 1 2 o miles, 
 
 ©here is a place calleo Vologda ; tlje commoDities tohereof are ©allotoe.&Hare.anD flare: 
 imtnot fo great plentp as is in Gratanoue, from Vologda to Colmogro there runneth a 
 titter calleD Duyna, anD from thence it falletb into the fea. Colmogro feructb Gratanoue, 
 Vologda anDtbeMofco jjuith all the countrep thereabout toitlj falteanDfaltfilft. from Vo- 
 logda to Ieraflaue is tioo IjunDjeth miles : tobich toione is berp g«at. ©he commooities 
 thereof arehiDes, ano tallotoe,anD come in great plcntp.ano fome 2Uare,but not fo plentifttll as 
 in other places, 
 
 ©he Mofco fe from Ieraflaue ttoo htinD?eth mile?, ©be cotmtrep bctinirt tl;em is wcrp i»d 
 replenifijeD ioith fmall tillages , mhicharefotocllfilleD toith people, that it tstoonDrrto fee 
 them : thegrounD is tutURo^eD toith cojnc tohtcbtbep carte to thecitie of Mofco in fuch almtg 
 Dance that it is toonccr to fee it. 3»ou (hall meete m et momtug feuen a\ eight bunojeD Geds 
 commmgo? going tbitber, that carrie co?ne, anD fomc carie ttfij. ??6tt (hall haue fomc that 
 carte come to the Mofco , ano fomc that fetch come from thence, that at tbe lead cruel! a 
 tboufano miles off: ano all their cariage is onfieDs. ©bofe tohicb come fo farre Dtotli. in the 
 Jftojth partes of the Dukes Dominions , tohere the colo-toillfufiernocojme togroto , tt isfo 
 
 ertrcme- 
 
238 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, TZjch.Qhnncelour. 
 
 
 crtreme, ^bcpb?ing thither fiibcs, farrcg,auo bcatles fktunes. 31n tljofe partes tljepbauc but 
 fmaUftojcofcattell. 
 
 •SIjeMofcoitfclfeisgreat: 3] tafec tljc luljole tobmeto bee greater then London bmlj tlje 
 fuburbes: but it is berptuoe^nBttanDetl) without allc?Ber. -^Lrjcir Ijourcs arc allof timbetuc 
 rp Dangerous fo? fire, ^IjeretsafatrcCalRe.trjelcaUcg tobercofareof bjtcfee,anD berp high: 
 tljep fap tljep are efn;[)tcencfoote tvjicfee^wt 3 Dot not beleeue it , it Dotlj not fofecmc, tiotbJiti> 
 ftamn'ng 31 coe not cereainelp feuobi it: fo? no Qranger map come to biebie it, djeone Doe is 
 OitctjcD, anD on the other Goe runneth a titter calleD Mofcua biljiclj runneth into Tartaric anD fo 
 into thefeacatie&MareCafpium:anD on tlje jftojtbuDe there is a bafc totone^ttje Uitjtclj Ijatij at* 
 fo alijtcfcetoaUaboutit.anDfoittopnetb toitb the Cattle wall. CljeCmpcrour Itctb in the ca- 
 GIc, lstieretnare nine fsp?e Churches, ano tberin are religious men, &lfo there is a Spetro* 
 uolitanc tottfjDiuers TSiibops, 31 toil! not ttanDcin Defcription of their builoingcs no? of the 
 iirengtb thereof becaufc iuebaue better in all points in England, ^IjcpbebicllfurniujcD toith 
 o?&inaiiceBT all fo?tes. 
 
 %lje Cmperours ojDufeesljouftnettljcrinbuiloingno?tntl)eotittoari)lhet», no?pcttouf> 
 in theboufeisfofumptuotis as3!ljauefeene. 31* is berplobie built in eight fquare , mucljlike 
 tlje olDc builDing of England, totth (mail rjjinooli)es,atiti fo in other popnts. 
 
 53ob) toBccIarempcemmmgbefojeljis3l!)aieflie:&ftcr31 IjaD remainco tbieltteDa!es,tbe &e« 
 trc tarp biljiclj bath the hearing of flrangers DiD feno fo? me, aoucrtifing me that tfje Dukes plea* 
 fore teas to haue me to come before his Spa,biitb the kings mp matters letters i whereof 31 toae 
 right glao , ano fo 31 gatte mine attennance, 3nD Vuhen the Duke bias in his place appointee* 
 tlje interp?etour came fo? me into the inter chamber, inhere fate one ljur.D?eB 0? trioe gentle* 
 nun, all in cloth of goloeberp fumptttotis , anD from thence 31 came into the CouuCstle chasm 
 bcr, biljere fate the Duke himfelfetoitlj his nobles, bibtc'j mere a faire companp 5 thep fate rcunn 
 about the chamber on higtj, petfo tbathebhru'elfe fatemuch Ijigbcnben anp of Ijts nobles in a 
 c'jatrc gilt , anu in a long garment of beaten goRse , biitlj an emperial crobine upon his bcaD,anD 
 a Caffcof Cr tGall ana gcfloe in his right bans, anD his other IjanB tjalfc leaning on his cbatre, &be 
 Cfjancelour ttoooe bp wiclj tlje @>ecretarp before (be Duke, after mp outte Bone antj mp letter 
 tieliuercD.ljc baoeme welcome, t enquired of me the health of the Sting mp matter, ano 31 anfbie* 
 rem that be bias in gooD bealtbat mp Departure from bis court.anD that mp t ruG bias ttjat be luajs 
 nob] intliefaine. Qpon tlje bibiclj be baoeme to Burner, &bcCljanccIourp?efent£Dmpp?efenc 
 unto bis ©race barebeaBeD (fo? before tbcp were all touerto) ano when bis tfrace baD rcceiucB 
 mplctter, 31 bias requires to Depart: fo?3!baD charge not to fpe<tkctotbeDuke,buttoben he 
 fpakctome. feo 3 Dcparteobntotbe Secretaries chamber, tubcre 31 remapneo tbio Ijourcs, 
 ano then 31 bias fent fo? againe bnto anotber palace toljtf j is calico the golDtn palace , but 3] fato 
 no caufetobp it ft^oulo be fo calleD; fo?3lbauefcenemaupfap?cr tbenic inallpopnts: anofba 
 tame intotbe ball, which bias fmall ano not grr at as is the Kings {©attfltes of England, ana 
 tlje table bias coucreDtoitlj a tablecloth; ano the Sparfljall fate at the enoe of tlje table Witba 
 little bibiteroD in his IjanD, Wbicbboo?Detoasfullofbeu"elIof goloc: ano on the other Goe of 
 tlje ball Din ftanD a faire cupbo?oe of plate, JFrom thence 31 came into the Dining cljamber, 
 tobwebe Duke hunfelfe fate at bis table Without cloth ofettate, in agobine of Cluer, mitlj a 
 trowne emperiall upon bis beao , be fate in a cbatre fomebibat hie : ^bcre fate none neare hint 
 bp agreatbiap, ^Dljerebiere longtablcstet rouna about tlje chamber, mbicb lucre full fee 
 taitb fucljasthe Duke baD at Dinner; thep mere all in bibite, aifo the places bibere tbeta* 
 bles ttooDCtoere higher bpttooffeppestben the Kfioftbeboufe. 3lntbe mtDDett of tbe chain* 
 ber GooDc a table 0? rupbo?b to fct plate on; tobicb Ko° DC f«l l of cuppts cf golDe: anoa-- 
 mongfl all the rett there floooefoure marueilous great pottes ojcruocnccsas thep call them, 
 of goloc attD Clucr: 31tbinfte ttjep toere agooD parneano abalfe hie. TBp the cupbo?De Coooe 
 tbio gentlemen biitb naphinsontbeirfbottlners, anD in their banncs each of thembaoa etippe 
 of golD fet tuitrj pearlcs ano p?ecious ttoncs.bihicbbierethe Dukes olunc D?inking cups: ruben 
 Ije bias DilpofeD,be D?unke them off at a D?augbt. 9no fo? bts feruice at mcate it came in biitbouc 
 o?Det,petttbiasberpricbferuice:fo? allbiereferueDin golB.notonelpbe bimfelfe, btttalfo all 
 tberettofbs, anDitbiasberpmaflte: thecupsalfobicreofgolDeaho betpmaffie, 'a.benttnp 
 ber tbatbineD there that Dap bias tbio bunD?eD perfons, ano all inert ferttcD in golocn btfielL 
 "Cljc gentlemen that toaiteDbiereall in clotb of golD.ano thep feruco bim tuitb their caps on tbeir 
 IjcaDS, ^cfo?etbeferuicecamein,tbeDukefenttotuerpmanagrcat(biuerofb?eaD, ano the 
 bearcrcallcDthcpartpfo fenttobpbts name aloune, ano fapo, lohn BafiliuichiEmperourof 
 Ruffia anD great Dukeof MofcouianotbrebiarD tbeetoitb b?eao: tb/nmuli all men (fans bp, 
 anbuoeat all times totjeri tbofe too?Des are fpoken, ano tbeu laU of allbe giuetlj tlje S^atfijall 
 
 bjctw 
 
^cb.Qhancelour. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 235? 
 
 b?can, tobercofbeeatctl)befo?c tbe Dukes ©race, ano to Doty rcucrcnce ano Dtpartetb. &&en 
 commctbtbeDukesferuiceoftbefetoauncs all in pieces, and euerp one ina frucrall Diflj :tlje 
 tobicb tbe Duke fenoetb as be DtD tbe bjeao , ano tlje bearer faptbtbc fame too?Dcs as be fapo bc-- 
 fo?e, 9no as 31 fapo befo?e,tbe feruice of bis meate is in no op r, but commetb in cifl> bp mu) t 
 anDttjen after tljat tbe Duke fenoetb Djinke, toitb tbeltfcefapingasbefo?e is tolor. 3!fo before 
 Dinner bee cbangco bis crotone , anD in Dinner time ttoo crotottes j fo that 3 fato tl)?ee feuerall 
 trotuncs bponbis bead in one Dap. 3tiD thus toben bis feruice toas all come in bee gaue to e= 
 werp one of bis gentlemen toaiters meate toitb bis otone bano.gtfo IiketoifeD?ir.ke. pg intent 
 tberebp is,as31&aue bearD,tbateuet?manftjaHknotoperfcctlpbisferuants. 'Chug toben Din* 
 neris Done bee called) bis nobles befojeljim name bpname, that it is toonoer to bearebotoe 
 becoulDnametbem,bautngfomanpasbebatb. ^hus toben Dinner toas Done3|DeparteDtomp 
 loDging,tobicbtoasanbotoertoicbinnigbt,3l toill leauetbis, anDfpeakenomo?c of bim no? Ijis 
 fcouojolo: but 31 toill fometobat Declare of his lano ana people, toitb tbeirnature alio potoetin tfje 
 mars. €bi$Dukeisio?oanD«Emperourofmanp coumceis,^ bis potoer is marucilous great. 
 jfo} be is able to b?inginto tbe fielD ttoo o?tb?ecbttnD?eD cljoufanDmen: be neuergoetbinto 
 tbe fielDbimfelfe toitb onoer ttoo l;unD?eo tboufanD men: 3no toben be goetb Ijimfelfebefur* 
 nilbetbhisbojDersalltoitbmenoftoarrc, tobicl) are no fmall number. flpeleauetboitthe bo^ 
 Dersof Lieflandfpjtie tboufanomen, ano opontbebojocrsof Letco 60 tboufano men, ano to* 
 toaroetbejftagapan Tartars HmcthoufanD, tobicb is toonoer toljcareof: pet Doetljljce neucc 
 take to bis toarres neitber hufbanoman no? marcbant, &llbismenarebo?ftmcn: bebfetbno 
 footmen, but fucb as goe toitb tbe ojDinance ano labourers, tobicb are tbictie tboufano. %^t 
 bo?femen are all arcbers, toitb fuel) botoes as tbc burkes baue, ano tbep rioe fljo?c as Doe 
 the burkes. 'Subeir armourts a coate of plate , toitb a f kull on tbeir bcaos. !§>cme of tljeic 
 coates arecottereD toitb oclttcto? clotbofgolD: tbcirDcfireisto befumptuous in tbe 6d&, mio 
 tfpeciailp tbe nobles anD gentlemen: as 3 bfme bearDtbcir trimming is berpcoftlp, anopartlp 
 31 baue feenett, o?eIfe3|tooulDfcarcelp baue beleeucoit % but tlje Duke bimfelfeis ricblp. 
 attirco about all mcafttrc: bispauilioniscoaereDetrijer toitb clotbofgolD 0; Sitter, anofofet 
 Haiti) Hones tbatitistoonDerfulltofeeit. % baue feene tbe Stings Spaicflies of England ano 
 tbe jTrentb Kings pauilions, tobicb are fap?e, pet not liRe Unto bis. 9nD toben tbep bee fent 
 into fatreo?ftrange countreps, 0? that ttrangers come to tljem, tbep beberp go?gious, €ls 
 tbe Duke bimfelfe goetb bucmeanlpfoapparell: anD toben be goetb bcttoirtone place ano ano* 
 tber bee is but reafonablp apparellto ouec otber times, 3fn tbe tnljile tbat 31 toas in Mofco tbe 
 Duke fent ttoo ambaffaDours to tbe King of Pdeland, tobicl) baD at tbe left fine bunDieo 
 bo?fegj tbeir fumptuoufnes toas abouemeafure.notonelp in tbemfclues, but alfo in tbeir bo)= 
 fts, asbeluet,clotb8f goloe, anoclotbofftluerfet toitb pearlcs ano not fcant. amrjatffjall 31 
 fartberfap": 31 neucrbearDofno?fatomenfofumptuous: butitisnooaplp guife,fo? toben tbep 
 baue not occatlon, as 31 fapo before, all tbeir Doing is but meane, atrtnoto to tbe effect of tljeic 
 toarres : SLbep are men toicbout al o?Der in tlje fielD. jfo? tbep runne burling on beapes, ano fin 
 tbemollparttbepneucrgiuebatteUtotbttrencmies:but tbattobicbtbepooe, tbepooeitallbp 
 fteltb.TSttt31 beIeeuetbepbefucbmcnfo?barDliuingasarenotbnDertbefun:fojno cola toilburt 
 tbem. ^ca ano tbougb tbep lie in tbe fielD ttuo monetbs, at fuel) timeas it (ball freefc mo?e cben 
 aparotbicke, tbecommonfoulDierbatbntftbertent nojanptbtng clfeouerbts beao • tbemnft 
 Defence tbep baue againft tbe toetber is a feltc , tobicb is fet apintt tbe luinoe anD toeatljer, 
 anD mben sSno we commctl) bee Dotl) call it off, anD maketb bim a 8cc,anD laietb bim Doton tbere= 
 bp. 'SLbus Doe tbe moft of all bis men , ercept tbep bee gentlemen tobicl) baue otber pjouiCon of 
 tbeirotone, 'CbeirlpinghubeBeloeis notfoftrangcasis tbeir barDncs: fojeucrp man mufl 
 carie 9 makep?ouidonfo? bimfelf e 9 bis bo?fe fo? a monctb 0? ttoo,tobttl) is bcrp toonDtrfuI, iToi 
 be bimfelfe ftjal liuc bpon toater 9 otemeale mingleo togetber colD,ano e?inke toatcr tbereto: bis 
 bo?fe(bal eat green toooD,? fucblikebaggage,f ftjal ftanD openintbecoloBelDtoitbout couttt $ 
 pet toil be labour 9 feme bim right toel, 3 ]??ap pott amongft all our boafting toarriojs boto mart? 
 ftjoulD toe fino to cnDurc tbe BelD toitb tl)§ but one monetb. 3! knoto no fucb region about bs tbat 
 bcare tl) tbat name f o? man 9 uealf, jftoto tobat migbt be maDe of tbcfe men if tljep toerc ttaineo 9 
 tyoken to ojoer ano knotoleogeof ciuill toars": 3if tljis lp?incebao toitbin bis countrepsfucb men 
 as coulD make tbe to tonocrllanD $ tbings afo?efaiD,J do bcleeue tbat 2 of tbe beft 0? grrattft piin« 
 ces in Cbtfttenoome toerc not toel able to matcb toitb bim, coftDcring tbe greatnes of bis potoc r 9 
 tbe barones of bis people 9 fttaite litting botrj of people ano bo?fe,anD tbe fmall cbarges tobtclj bis 
 toarres ftano bim in: fo? be giuetb no toagcSj ercept toftrangers. "Cbcp baueaperelpnipenDgE 
 notmucb. 9sfo?l)iSotoncountrepmencucrponefentetbofbiSotonep?opercofles ano cbat« 
 SeS,fautngtbatbegtuetl)to bis^arcubttfterscertaineallotoancefoj jjotoDergtffjot: ojclfeno 
 
 man 
 
24.0 The Englifh Voyages, %kh.Qhancelour. 
 
 man ui all Ijis count r ep bath one pcnme uiagcs. Id ut it anp man bath Dene be rp gooo fcruice Ije 
 gtuetlj t)im a fcrme 01 a piece of lanoe ; foi tbe lxbicb bee is bouno at all times to bee reams 
 ttutlj romanpmen as the Dukefljall appopnt : toibo conCtoercttj in bis mint) tutjat ttjat lanoe 
 oiferme is Uidl able to untie : and femanpujall lie bee bouno to furnitb at allano euerp furb 
 time asmarresarebotoeninanpoftbeDukcg Dominions, jfojtbereis noman ofliuing.but 
 heels bouno Itketotfe, toother the Duke call fo; either fouloier oj labourer, tofuraift) tljctn 
 toithall fucb neceflarics as to tbembelong. 
 
 aifo, if an? gentleman o? man of liuing do Die without ivTuc male, tnmn Diatclp after bis Death 
 the Duke entreth his iano, noturit bttanDtng be rjaue ncucr fo manp Daughters,anD pc raDuent are 
 giuetb it foojtbiuith to another man, etccpt a fmall portion that be fparetb to marrie tbcDaugb 1 
 tcrs limb all. 3lfo if there be aricbman,afermour,o;i man of lilting, tobicb is flriheu inageo; 
 bp chance ismaimeD, anD be not able to Doe the Duke feruite, fomc other gentleman that is 
 not able to line ano mo je able to Doe ferutce , mill come to the Duke ano complapne,faping,pouc 
 ©race foatb fucb an one, mljicbt'SbnmeetetoDoe fcruicc to pour llpioftjncc, to^o Ijattj cjfrcat abun- 
 dance of luelth, ano liketuife pour ©race hath manp gentlemen mhitb are pooje ano lacke liuing, 
 anD lue that lacke are toell able to Doe gooD feruice,pour ©race might Doe mell to looke upon Ijim, 
 ano makebim to bclpc tbofctbntmant. JmmeDiatclp the Dube fcnDeth foith to inquire of his 
 tueaItlj:anoificbefopaoueD,helJiall be calico befoze the Duke, ano it fyall bee fapD bntohim, 
 f rieno, pou haue too much liuing.ano are bnferuiceable to pour piince,leiTc toill ferue pott, ano the 
 re fit mill fetue other men that arc mo ic able to feme, mbereupon immeDiatelp his liuing fljal be 
 taken atoap from him, fatiing alitele to 5nn Ijimfelfe autj Ijts icuifc on^ano be map not once repine 
 thereat: but fo?anftoere he mill fop,tbat be batb nothing, but it is (Sods ano the Dukes ©ra= 
 tes.anDtannotfap^smctbecommonpcopleinEDglandfap, if meebaue anpthing; tbstitis 
 (Sods ano our etone. ^en map fap,tbattbefe men are inmonDerfulI great aloe, ano obcoience, 
 that thus one mutt giue ano grant bis gooDS mbicb he hath bene fcraping anD fcratching foi all 
 big life to be at hislPjinccs pleafure anD commanoement. Dh that our fluroie rebels Voere 
 rjao in the like fubicction toknotoie their Duetp tomatDc their piuu cs. Zl;cv map not fap as 
 fome fnuDges in England fap, 31 moulo fiao the Quccm a man to ferue in nip place , o j make his 
 fricnos tarrieathomeifmonephauethebpperhanD. j^o,no,itisnotfointhiscountrep: foi bee 
 (ball make humble futc to feruethe Dukc.dnD mhom he fenoeth mott to the marrcs he tbinkctb 
 heismottinbisfauour: ano pet as 31 before haue fapoc, beegiuerb no mages. 3lf thepknetoe 
 their Qrengtb no man mere able to make match mitb them : no; thep t bat Dttcl neere them ujoulo 
 Jjaueanprettoftbem, 3Sut 3 ebutke it ts not (SodsuiiU: fo: 31 map compare them to a poting 
 hojfethat knometh not his ttrength,tobome a little cbiloe ruletb ano guiceth toitb a b?tDle, fo? 
 all his great flrengtb: foj if bee did, neither cbiloenoj man coulo rule bim, Che:r toarres are 
 holoen againttthc Crimme CartariansanDtbe 5i5agaiane. 
 
 31 toill Sana no longer in the rehearfall of their potocr ano toarrcs, f o j it tocrc too tebious to 
 trje rcaDcr. 15 ut J toill in part Declare their latoes, anD ptmilbment s.nnb the erecution of iuttice. 
 9nDfirtt 31 toill begin toitb the commons of the countrep, ttbtch the gentlemen haue rule on: 
 SnDthatis, that euerp gentleman hath rule anD iuttite toponbfs otone tenants, 3 no if itfb 
 fall out that ttoogentlemensferttants 0} tenaunts Doe Difagree, thettoo gentlemen eramine 
 the matter, ano haue the patties before t^em, anD foe giue the fentencc. 3no pet cannot the? 
 make the enoe bettoirttbem ofthecontrouerfie, but either of the gentlemen mutt tying his 
 fcruanto? tenant befojethe higrj iuogeo? iuttice of that countrep, ano tberepjefenttbem, ano 
 Declare the matter anD cafe. Che plaintifefaptb, 31 require the lam ; tohich isgraunteo: then 
 commeth an officer ano arrettecb the partpbefenoant, ano bfethhim contrarie to the lames of 
 England, jf oitoben tljep attach a«P man tf>ep bcatehim aboutthe legges.bntillfuch time ashe 
 finoeth fue?tiestoanfmeretbe matter: Slnoifnot, his fcanoes ano netke are bounD toget|jer,8no 
 4)e is leo about the totone anD beaten about the legges, toitb other crtreme punittjments till he 
 come to h«s anfmere j 3hD the 31uttice Demaunoetb if it be foj Debt , ano faptb : ffitoctt thou 
 thismananp fuclj Debt's $e mill perhaps fap nap. Chen fapth the 3IuDgc: aw thou able to w 
 vitit't let bsheare hom*: TBpotlje fapth tljeoefenoant. C&w be commannetb to leaue beating 
 })im tillfurther triall betjaD. 
 
 Cljcir o?Der in one point is comrncnoable. ©hep haue no man of tatoe to plcace tbeir catt* 
 fes in anp court : bnt euerp man pleaoetbbis omne caufe, anogiuetb bill ano anftoere into?i« 
 ting: contrarieto tbeojoerin England. Che complaint is in maner of a ruppucation,$rrmoe 
 to the Dukes (Srace.anD oeliuereo bim intobisomnebanD, requiring to haue iultire as in W 
 complaint is alleageo. 
 
<Rkbard Qbanceler. Traff!ques,and Difcou* 
 
 ©he Dtikc giueth fcntencc bimfelfe upon all matters in the Lato,<SI1hich 10 berp comenDable, 
 that fuch a lp?mce toil take paincs to fee minittration of iufiice, get nottotthffmtDhtg it is toon* 
 Derfullp abufeo : ano tberebp the Duke is much Dcceiuco. "Sue if it fall out tljat the offtccrg I# 
 efpteu in cloking the trueth.thep Ijaue moS ranWpe puni(hment,anD if the plaintife can nothing 
 pjooue.then the nefr nuant mutt take his otbspon the eutcifire tohether he bee in the rtgljt 0? no* 
 ©hen is DemmtDeo if the plaintife beanp thmg able further to make p?oofe: if bee bee not; then 
 fometimes he toill Cap, 31 am able to p?ooue tt bp mp boop ano hanDs,o? bv mp champions hoop, 
 fo requiring the Campe. after the other hath his othc,it is gtaunteD aftoell to the one as to the 
 other. i§>otohenthepojoetotheficla,t^cpfacarei)pontljeCrucifixe, that thep bee both in tlje 
 right,anD that the one (hall mahe rhe other to confeffe the trueth before thep Depart foo?tfj of the 
 ficln s aim Co thep goe both to the battell armco toith fucbtoeapons as thep ofe in that countrep: 
 thep fight all on foote, $ felootne the parties themfelues do fight, erccpt thep be (Sentlemen. fo? 
 t&ep ttano much upon their reputation, fo? the p toil not fight,buc toith fuch as are come of as goon 
 an boufe as themfelues. <g>o that tf cither partie require the comuate,tt is grantcD unto them,anB 
 no champion is to ferueiw their roome: toherein is no Deceit : but othertoife bp champions there 
 is, tfo? although thep take great othes bpon them to Doe the battell truelp, pet is the contrary 
 often fcese : becaufe the common campions haue none other lining. 3no affoone as the one part? 
 bath gotten the tocto?ic,bee DrmanDcth the Debt, ano the other is carritD to p?ifon , anD there is 
 ujamefullp bfeD till he take o?oer. ©here is alfo anoiher o?Der in the latoe,that the plaintife map 
 ftoeare in fame caufes of Debt. 3hd if the partie Defenoant be poo?e,he fhalbe fet toioer the<£ru* 
 cifire r ano the partie plaintife mutt ftoeare oucr his heao, ano tohen bee hath taken his othc, the 
 Duke taketh the partie Dcfrnbant home to his houfe.ano bfeth him as his bonD-mau,anD pttttetlj 
 jjim to labour , 0? letteth him fo? hier to anp fuch as neeoe him, untill fuch time as his frienoss 
 make p?ouiu"on fo? his reDcmption : 0? elfc hee remaineth in bonoage all the Dapes of his Ufe* 
 agatne there arc manp that toill fell ibcmfclues to (Sentlcmen 0? S^atcljants to bee their bono- 
 men, to haue During their life meate , D?tnke anD clott) , ano at their comming to haue a piece of 
 monp. pea anD fome toill fell their toiues ano chilD?en to bee batooes anD D?uogcs to the bper, 
 3ICo thep haue a Latoe fo? JFellons anD pickers contrarpto the Latoes of England, jf c? bp their 
 lato thep can hang no man fo? his firtt offence ; but map keepe him long in p?ifan, ano oftentimes 
 beate him tout) tohjps ano other puniihment : anD there he ffiall remaine bntill his ft t'enos be able 
 to baplehim,3!f hebeapickero?acut-purfe,asthere b£ berp manp, the fecono time he is taken, 
 be hath a piece of Ins Bate cut off, anD is burneo in the fo?eheaD,ano kept in p?ifon till hee finoe 
 lurcties foihisgocDbehauiour. Qnoifhc be taken tlje thirDttme,he is hangeo, 3nD at tlje firtt 
 time he is ertremelp punithcD ano not releafeo, crcept hee haue Deep gooD frienss, 0? that fome 
 •Sentleman require to haue him to the toarres : Sno in Co Doing, he lhall enter into great bonDS 
 fo? him j bp tohiclj meanes the countrep is b?cught into gooo quictneffe. 15ut thep be naturallp 
 giuen to great Deceit,ercept crtreme beating DiD b?iDle tljem. ^bc p be naturallp giffen to IjarO 
 liuing aftoell in fare as in loDging. 31 Ijcaro a Ruflfian fap , that is toas a great Deale merrier li* 
 uinginp?ifonthenfoo?tlj, butfo? the great beating, fo? thep haue meate ano D?inketoitbout 
 anplabour,anDgettljecharitieoftoellDifpofeDpeopIe:15ut being at libertiethep get nothing, 
 3Lhe poo?e is berp innumerable.anD lute mott miferablp : fo? 3j haue feenc them eate tlje pickle of 
 J^earring ano other ttinking fiftj : no? the fi(b cannot be fo flinking no? rotten.but ttjcp toifl eate it 
 anDp?atfe it tabcmo?e toholcfometljrn other fiift 0? frefh meate, 3in mine opinion there he no 
 fuch peoplebnoer the fiume fo? their haroneffe of liuing. QEl£lI,3I toill leatte tfiem in t^is popnt, 
 anDtoifltnpaa Declare their Heligion, ^hcpDoeobferue the latoe of the Greekcs toirij fucb 
 erceffc of fuperttttton,as the like hath not bene hearo of. <£hep bme no grauen images in their 
 Chttrches,but all painteo.to the intent tljcp toill not b?cakc the commanDement : but to their 
 paintcD images thep bfe fuel) iDolatrte,that tlje like toas neuet hearo of in England, ^hep toill 
 neither too?{hip no? (joaour anp image that is maoe fo?th of their ctonc countrep, tfo? their otone 
 images (fap thep) haue pictures to Declare tohat thep be, ano botoe thep be of (Sod , ano fo be not 
 ours :^faepfap,tookcl)oto the fainter o?Caruer hath maDet^cm 3 fo toe Doe too?(hiptl)cm,anD 
 thep too?ujipnonebefo?e thep be £h?tfieneD. &bep fap toe bebutbalfe <£h?ittians • becaufe toe 
 obferue not part of the oloe lato toith the lurks. ?Lherefo?c thep call thenifelues mo?c Ijolp then 
 to. ^hep haue none other learning but their mother tongue, no? toill fuffcr no otjjet in their 
 countrep among tfcem, 311 their feruice in «Dhurc!)esisintijeirmpther tongue. %hty haue tlje 
 oloe anD netoe ^tettament , tohich are Datlp reao among them : ano pet their fuperttitton is no 
 Uffe. jTo? tohen the l|3?ietts Doe reaDe,thep haue fuch trtcks in their rcaoing.that no man can bn* 
 DerttanD tljem.no? no man gitteth eare to them. jfo? all the toljtle the W& reaoeth , the people 
 fit do tone ano one talke toith, anotijer, ®ac tojjen the lp?iett is at feruice no man fittetbjwtgagle 
 
 % anj> 
 
 2-fl 
 
X^l 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Ttjchard Qha nee let 
 
 ano oucke like (b manp ©ecfe, ano asfo? tljeir papers tljep baue but little flail, but bfe to 
 Tap As bodi pomelc: lis much to £ap,Lord hauc mercy vpon me. jfoj the tenth man tottbtntbe 
 
 lano cannot fap the Pater nofter. 3no as foj the Creeoe,no man map be fo boloe as to meooie 
 tberetaitijbtttintbe£hutc$: fo? tljep fap it fbouloe not bee fpoken of, but in the Churches, 
 ^peaketotbemof the C6man6ements,ano tbep toil Tap tbep toeregiucn to Moles in t|)e lato, 
 tobtcb Ch jifl fjat^ notoc ab?ogateo bp hts p?ecious ocatlj ano p affton : tljereto?e, (fap tip?) toe 
 nbferue little o? none thereof, ano 31 doc beleeue tljem, tfo? if tljep toere cramineD of tiittc 
 jlanie ami Commaunonucnts together, tbep ffjouloe agree but in fetoe popnts, ^ticpbaue 
 rijc Sacrament of tlje io?cs Supper in both Kinoes , ano mo?c ceremonies then toee baue, 
 Sjbeji p?efcnt them in a oifb in both kinoes together , ano carrie them rottnue about tie 
 Church upon tlje lp?ieftes beao , and fo ooeminiuer at all fuch times as anp (ball require. 
 'SDbcp bee great offerers of Canoles, anofometimesofmonep, tohiclj toee call in England, 
 ^oulepenfe, toitb mo?e ceremonies then 31 am able to Declare, 'Ebep baue foure lents in the 
 peere, tobereof ourLentistbegreatett, Looke as to«ooe begin on tlje flZJeonelbap, fothep 
 Doe on the spunoap before : Sim ttje toecke before that tljep call *£he Xutter toeeke : ano m 
 that toeeke tbep eate nothing but Gutter anomilKe, ipotoliett 3] beleeue there bee in no other 
 cettutrep tlje lifee people fo? D?unRenneu*e» 'She nert lent is calleo Saint Peters Lent, ano be* 
 ginnetb altoapestbe S£ftmoaj> ncrt after Crinitie funoap, ano enoetlj on Saint Peters euett, 
 3if tbep (houlo b?eake that faft, their beliefe is, that the? ujotrlo not come in at heauen gates, 
 Snotobenanpof them Die, tbep haue a tefiniioniali toiththem in the Coffin, that tobentbc 
 fbule commeth to heauen gates it map Dcliuer the fame to Saint Peter, tobttb oeclareth that 
 tbepaitieisatrueanobolpRufsian, ■Che third lent beginnctbfifteeneDapesbcfb?etbe Iatec 
 Jtaopcap, ano enoethonourlatipCeuen. CbefeurtblcntbrgmnetljonSaintMarcinsoap, 
 ano enoethon £b?iQmns Ceuen: tohich Lent is faffed fo? Saint Philip, Saint Peter, Sainc 
 Nicholas, ano Saint Clement. $0} tbep foure be the pjincwall ano greatefi faints in that 
 countrcp, 3|ntbefe Lents tbep eate neither Gutter, Cgges,S$ilRe,no?Cbfc£e; buttbepare 
 berp ffraitclpkept toith JFifh, Cabbages, ano IKootcs, 9nooutof their Lents, tljcpobferue 
 truelp the aftJeonefoapes anoffrioapes throughout the pecre: ano en the Saturoap thfp Doe 
 eate fleffj, jFurtbermo?e tbep haue a great number of Seligious men : tobicbare biacke (pinks, 
 anothepeateno flefl) throughout the peere, butfifb, milReano gutter, TBp their o?oer tbep 
 fijoulo eate no frefb-fiflj, ano in tljeir Lents tljep eate nothing but Coletoo?ts, Cabbages, fait 
 Couicumbers, toith other roctes,as Kaotflj ano fuch like, ^Thcir o?inke is like our penp aie, 
 ano is calleo Quaff 'E-bep haue feruire oatlp in their Churches ; ano bfe to goe to feruicc ttoo 
 houresbefo?e oap,ano that is enoeo bp Dap light, at nine of tlje clocke tbep goe to ^affe: 
 that enoeo, to Dinner : ano after that to ferttice agairte : ano then to fupper. l?ou fball bnoet* 
 ftano that at euerp Dinner ano fupper tbep haue Declareo the erpomion of the ©ofpel that oap: 
 but hotoe tbep to?ett ano ttoine tlje Scripture ano that together bp report it is toonoertuU. a* 
 fa} tobojeoome ano o?unfeenneu"e there be none fuch iiuing : ano fo? ertojtion, thep be the moflt 
 abhotntnable bnocr tlje funne, j!2otoc iutsge of their holineffc , l^hep Ijaue ttotfe as much lann 
 as the Dure himfeife hath : but pet bee is reafonabie eaten toith tljem, as tljus : QLlljcn thep 
 take b jibes of anp of the poo?e ano fitnple , he Ijatij it bp an ejeer. CQben the abbot of anp of 
 ofticitboufeSDietb, then the Duke hatlj all his gcotigmoueablc ano bnmo ttcablc : fb that tlje 
 Ctcceuour buietlj all at tlje Dttkes bancs : ano bp this meane tbep be tlje belt femurs the iDuke 
 (jath, 'SDhwsf toit& t^eur Eeligion 3j make an enoe, trading hereafter to fenoto it better, 
 
 To the right worfliipfull and my lingular good Vncle, 
 MaitciGhriflopher Frotbingham, giue thcie. 
 
 Sir, Reade and correct; 
 
 For great is the defect. 
 
 The Teftimonie of M. Richard Eden in his Decades f 
 
 concerning the Booke following. 
 
 ' B D tohercas( faith be ) 3 haue befoje maoe mention hotoe Mofcouie to«< 
 
 > in our time oifconereo bp Richard Chanceler in his bop age totoaro Catbap, 
 
 i bp tlje Direction ano information of M.Sebaftian Cabota , toljo long befo?ehan 
 
 this fecret in his mince : 31 fljall not nceoe here to oefchbe that bopage , fojaf-- 
 
 _ » much as the fame is Iargelp ano fattbfullp to?itten in the latine tongue, bp that 
 
 learneo pong man Clement Adams, fcljoolemaSer to the iDucenes henfi)men,ashereceiueoit 
 
 at tijcmoutfj of the fat'D Richard Chanceler. 
 
 The new* 
 
 
Richard Qhanceler. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 24.3 
 
 Thenewe Nauigationanddifcouerieof the kingdome of 
 
 CMofcouia, by the T^ortbeaft, in theyeere i s S J •' Enter prijed by Sir Hugh 
 Willoughbie knighc , and pcrfjurmed by Richard Cbancelor Pilot niaior of the 
 voyage : Written in Latine by Clement Adams. 
 
 % toljat time otic Sparcbants percefttco tbe comrriobieiee! ano toaresof Eng- ®v°" i»6at 
 land tobeciufmaUrequcil totttj tlje cottntrcpg aiio people about bs, anb neere Ep^om'twa 
 Unto us, ano tbattljofe ^arcbanoijestohicb dangers w the time anS memo= »"p«sew«« 
 irieof ourauncettets did earnettlpfeekeanODefire, laere noime negleeiteti, ano t'>ViHme 
 _ ; tlje p jfee thereof abateo, althottgrjbpbscarrieo to tljeirobme pone's, ano all to^aSlka 
 fo?reine *arcbanoifes in great accompt, arm their p?ifes tooifterfttllp raifeo: certaine grate 
 Citterns of lonoon, ano men of great brifeoome , ano carefttll fo? tbe gooo of their Cottn- 
 rrep, began to tbinke bittlj tbemfelues, hotoetbis mifcljiefemigbtbeeremefiieo. jQeitber toas 
 aremcoie (as it then appeared) toantingtotfjetr oefires,fo?the attopoingof To great-- art in* 
 tonuenientet fo? feeing tljat tbe toeaitlj of tlje Spaniards ano Portingales, bp tlje otfeouerie 
 anofearcbof netue traces ano Cottntreps toas matueiloullp increafeo, fuppofingtlje fame to 
 be a courfe ano meant fo? trjem alfoto obteine the lifec 3 tljep thereupon refslueo opon a tteoje ano 
 Grange ..Bauigation, &no toljcreas at the fame time one Sebaftian Cabota.a mart in trjofe 
 oapesberp renotomco, bappencotobeeinitonoou, tljep began fira of alltooeale ano confult 
 Diligently toitb rjim^ ano after mucbfpeeclj ano conference together, ttirasatlaftconcIttccD 
 thattb?ee (hippeS fljouiobeep?epareD ano fttrntfbeo out, fo? tbe fearcrj ano oiftouerieof tlje 3fefnp* far* 
 jftojtfjeme part of the too?to , to open a boap ano paifagc to our men foj trnttaile to netoe ano siteotuae* 
 tonknotoen feingtomes. 
 
 9no toljereas manp things feemeo nefcltarp to bee regaroeo in tljis fo fjaro and Difficult a 
 matter, trjep firff make chopfe of certaine graue anb totfc perfons in matter of a Senate 0? corn* 
 pimie, toljicbftjoulo lap tljeir beaostogctljer, ano gtue ttjetr tttogements: , ano p?ouioc things 
 tequifite ano profitable fojall occafions : bp tljis compante it niastbougljt erpcaient, tljat a cer* 
 tainefttmmeof monepujottlD publiquelp bee collecteo to feruefo?tljcfurmfbtng of fa manp 
 fbippes. 9no left anp p?iuate man fljottlo bee too mud) oppteffeo ano cljargco, a courfc teas 
 taken,tbat euerp man bulling to be of tbe focietie,!houlo oifburfe tfje portion of t toentic ano fiue 
 ydttnosaptecetfotbat inihojttimebp tbts meaneotbe fumme of fire tljoufano pounds being 
 gathereB,tljetb?cefljtppes toere bought, tbe moil part thereof tbep p?ottiDeo to be netolp built 
 ano trtmmeo, *Butin tljis attion, 31 toote not toljetber 31 map mo?e admire tbe care of tlje 
 S^arcbants, 0? tbe Diligence of thegtbiptjojightg: fo? tlje 99arcbants , tbepgetberpftrong 
 ano toefl feafoneo planfces fo? tbe bttifoing , the g>ljippeto?igljts , tljep toltlj oaiip tra* 
 uaile, ano their greateft faill ooefittetbemfo?tbeoifpatcboftbe ihtppegi: thcpcalftetbem, 
 pitch tbem,anoamongtberefl,tbepmakeonemotlffancbaitofiritie, bp ancrceHentano inge- 
 nious! inuention, iFo? tbep bao btaro tbat in certaine parts of tbe Ocean, afcinoe of tooimcs 
 is b?eooe,U)bicb manp times pearcetb ano eatetb tb?ottgb tbe ftrongefl oafee tbat is : ano tberfo?e 
 tbat tbe Mariners, ano tbe refl to bee implopeo in this bopage might bee free ano fare f rom tbis 
 Banger , tbep couec a piece of tbe kcele of tlje iTjtppe toitb tfjtttne ftjeetes of leaoe : ano bauing 
 tbua built tlje (hips, ano furniffjeotbembJttb armour ano artiIIerie,tbenfoUotneoafecottD care 
 noletTetroublefomeanonecetlarie tbentbefojmer, namelp, tlje p?cttiftonof bictuals.tofjicb i?»«iS«>»« 
 ttasto bemaoeatco?oingto tlje time anolcngtbof tbe bopage. Sno bobcreastbep afo?e oeter= isKfeqwj 
 mmeDtobauetbe€attpartof tbctoo^lD fapleo onto, ano pet tbatthereatoioarostbelame toas 
 not open, ercepttbep feepttbe|5o?tb?en tract, toljereas pet it tons ooubtfull lobctber trjere 
 toereattppafTagepeao? no, tbep refoluco tooictuall tbe (hips fo? eigljtcene monttbs.torjicb 
 tbep oio fo? tbis rcafon. JFo? our men being to palfe that btige ano coloe part of tlje too?Io,rtjcp 
 toifelp^cfeetngitjaHotoetbemlttemonctbsbictttalltofailetotbepl.ice/o mttcbmo?e tore- 
 maine there if tlje ertrcmitie of tbe totntcr bmocreo tljetr rcturne.ano fo mttcrj mo?e alfo fo? tlje 
 time of tbcircomming borne. 
 
 .^oioetbisp?otufion being maoe ano caricoaboo?o,toitij armour ansmtmitmn of all fo?ts, 
 fittficient Captaines anogouernoure-of fogreatanettterpitfctuereaspct boanting: to tuliiclj <aboifeoMnp. 
 office ano place, altljougb manp men, ( ano fome bopoe of erpertence ) offered themfelues, 'pet $",of 8 fl,u ' 
 one Sir Hugh Willoughbie amoftbaltant vSentleman, ano toell borne.berpearnefflp requctteo & K Vwtt 
 to baue djat care ano charge committee bnto bim : of Inborn befo?e all others, botj) bp reafon B?1 " 0B| ""' i6 
 of bis gooolp petfonage ( fo? Ije toas of a tall ffature ) as at fo fo? bis fingttlar ftiil in the feruiccs 
 of toarre,tlje companp of tbe 99arcljants maoe greateft accompt : fo tljnt at tlje laff tljep co:i' 
 cluoeoano maoe cbopce of Ijimfo? tfje ©enerall of tljis bopage, ano nppopntco to Ijimtlje 3o- 
 
 % 2 mirall 
 
2 44 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, TZichard Qhanceler. 
 
 outlet IJemfc 
 
 STlDncp 1)13 
 
 Ration. 
 
 mirall, witlj autljojitie ano commaunb otter all the reff, 3nb fo? tbc goucrncment of otber ftjips 
 attbougbbiuets men feemeo willing, anbtnabe offers of tljEtitfelues Ujcteunto , yet up a com* 
 montonfent oneRichard Chanceler, a man of great effimation fo? man? gooo partes of Wit in 
 Ijim, Was £lecteb,iri Whom alone great bopefo?tbeperfonnance of crjts bufinefie refteo. tUMa 
 man teas brought »y bp one maSer Henry Sidney, a noble pong (Ecntlcman ano berpmucfr 
 beloueo of iKing <£t*WarB,wljo at tin's time comming to the place Wbete tlje SJDarcbams Were ga« 
 therca together, tjegarme a beep eloquent fpee clj o? ©Ration, ano fpafce to tliem after tbis manw 
 following^ 
 
 Spp beEpW.o?fyipfiiIlfricnD3, 3! cannot but greatlp comrneno pottrpjefent goolp ano bet* 
 tuotis intention, in tlje ferious enterpjifing ( fo? ttje Angular lotie pott beare to pour Countrep) 
 amntteEyjBljici) (31 bope^ Will p-jomie p?ofttable fo? this natton,ant> bonourable to t^tss our lanu f 
 ZftMjiclj intention of pours Wee alfo «f ttje pobilitie are reaop to our power to belpe ano fur= 
 t^ec: nettberboetoeeboloeanp thing to bearc anbp?ecious bntobs, tofjicb toeewillnot toil* 
 iinglp fo?goe>anD lap out in fo commcnbable a caufe. 15ut p?incipallp J reiopce in mp felfe.tbat 
 31 baue nouriujeb aim maintaineD tbat witte.wbtcb is like bp fome meaner aim in fome meafure, 
 to p?ofiteam>tteeoepou in tljis Wo?thp action. 15utpet3l tooulo not bauepou igno?ant of tbis 
 cue tljing,tbat 31 ooe nolo part witlj Chanceler,nct becattfe 31 make little reckoning of tbe man, 
 o? tljat Ijts maintenance <is burbenotts and cbargeable bnto nice , but tljat pou migbt roncetue 
 ano bnDerftana mp gooo mill anti p?ompticube fo? tbe fttrt berance of this bufinclfr, anD that tbc 
 auttjojttEe ano etfimation wbtcb bee beferuetb map be giuen bim. iDou know tlje man bp report, 
 31 b]> crperietite.pou bp too?oes, 31 up oceoes, pou bp fpet cb ano conipanie ,• but 31 bp tbe oatlp 
 mail of btslife batte a full ano perfect knotoleogeof bim. 3nb pou are alfo to remember, into 
 ijowe manp perils fc? pour fakes , ano bis touncrepsloue , be is notoe to runne : Whereof it iff 
 rcquifite that wee be not bnminoefull , if it pleafe <3ob to feno bim gooo fucceffe. 2Bee com* 
 mit alittle monep to tbe cbaunce ano ba?arb of Fortune : ipe commits W life ( a tljing to a man 
 of all things mott beare) to tlje raging <§>ea, ano the bnrertainties of manp Dangers. 3Ue fijall 
 Ijetc liue ano red at borne qtftetlp Witb cur ftieuDS, ano acquaintance : but bee in tbe meane 
 time labouringtokeepctljetgno?antano bnrulv Mariners in gooo o?oer ano obeoienee, tottftj 
 jjoWe manp cares fijall bee trouble ano sere btmfelfe *: witb Ijolu manp troubles fijall be l>?eake 
 bimfclfe *; awo Ijoluc manp bifquietings fijall bee bee fo?ceb to futtainet 20c fijall fteepe out 
 olune coalles am> countrep: ipee fijall feeke Orange ano bnfcnototnkingtiomes.l&e fijall com* 
 mit bis fafcticxo barbarous ano crttell peopte , ano fijall ba?aro bis life amongtt tbe monflroujs 
 ano terrible beaffes of tlje &ea. SUljerefojc in refpect of tbe greatneffe of tbe Dangers,anb tlje 
 ercellencieof bis charge, pott aretofauouranolouetljcman tbttsoepartingfromtis : ano if 
 it fall fo bappflpouc tljatbce rcturneagatne, it is pour part anD euetie alfo, liberallp tore* 
 toarobim. 
 
 after tbat tljis noble pongcSctitlcman baD oelitterco tbis o^lbmtfucblifce fpeecb, mucft 
 moje eloqttentlp tben 31 canpofftbUc rcpojt it, tlje companie tljcn pjefent beganne one to looke 
 bpon anotljer,onc to quettion ano conferre luitb anotber : ano fome(to baljcm tbeberttte anbfuf* 
 ficiencieof tbemaninasfenoa>en)beganfecretlptoreiopcetoitb tbemfelues, anotoconceiue a 
 Ipeciall Ijope, tljat tlje mantoouw p^ooue in time berp rare arm erceHcnt,ano tbat bis bertues al* 
 reaop appearing ano ujiningto tbe ojojId iuoulo gtoVuc to tbe great bonour anb atmancement 
 of tljis kingoome. 
 
 9fter all tbis,tbe companie groining to fome filence,tt fcemeb gooo to tbcm tbat toere of grea< 
 tefl gcauttp amongft tbetn,to inqttire,fearcb anb fceke toljat migbt be learneo 9 fenotten,concer*. 
 ning tlje CaCcrlp part 0? tract of tbc toojto. jf 0? toljtcb caufe ttoo Tartarians.toljicb toece tljen 
 oftlje kings 3)tabie,mcrefentfoj,9f an interpreter iuas gotten to be p?efent,bptobomtbtpto«e 
 bcmaunbcD touching tljeir Countrep ano tbe maners of tbeir nation. 2Sut tljcptoere able to an* 
 fiucrc notljing to tbc purpofe : being in beeoe nto?e acquaititeo ( as one there mcriip anoopcnlp 
 fain ) to tofle pottes, then to learnc tlje Hates ano oifpofittens of people. 13ut after mucb acoc an»: 
 manp things paffco about tbts matter, tfjep gretoc at M to tljis tffue, to fe t botone ano appopnt a 
 time to} tlje ocparture of tlje ftjippes : becattfe outers mere of opinion, tljat a great part of tlje 
 betttitmof thcpecreniaBalreaDp fpent, ano if tlje celopgrctoe longer, tlje map ttouto bee 
 fiopt anD barb bp tbe fojee cf tlje 3Ice , ano tlje coloe climate : anb tbcrefoje it mas tljougbc 
 bett b^ tlje opinion of tljcm all,tbat bp tlje twentieth cap of 99ap, tlje Captaines ano gpariner? 
 ^ttepbtpar* fijoulo take fijtppitig, ano ocpart fromRaddifle bpon tlje ebbe, if it pleafeo(Soo. ^tep W 
 MtmzoM uingfaluteotljciracquaintance, onebistoife, another bis cbilt»?en, anotljecbiskinffolkcs.ana: 
 masifsi- anttljcrbisfriciibs bcerer tben bis kinffolkes, mere pjefent anb reaop at tfeenaj? appopnteb: 
 attDbauing luapca ancre, tjjepDcpatteb wit!j tbe turning of tbe Water, anb failing eafilp, came. 
 
 firft 
 
 
Richard Qhanceler. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 24.5 
 
 mi 
 
 firttto Greene wich, 'fttje greater fljippes are touieo ootone tuittj boatcs, anooans, atiotbe • 
 mariners being all appatellto in SKatrrjet 0? fkie coloureo clotlj , rotoeo amaine , ano maoe 
 toap toitb Diligence, arm being come rteere to Greenewich, ( toljere tbe Court trjen lap ) p?e= 
 fentlp Upon tlje netoes therof.tlje Courtiers came running out,ano t|)e Common people flockt ta» 
 getbcr.ffanDing berp tljicke bpon tbe fljoare : tlje pjiuie Counfcl,tbep Icokt out at tlje toimiotoes 
 of tljc Court, antj the reff ranne bp to tlje toppes of the totocrs ? the fljippes rjerenpon Difcljarge 
 their 2Dpinance,anB moot off their pieces after the maner of toarre,aitD of the fea,infonmch that 
 the tops of the hillesfounDco tljetetoitktljeballepsanD tbetoatersgaueatiCccbo,anDtbe5|!)a* 
 riners.tbep fljouteo in fuch fojt.tbat tlje fkie rang againe toitb tljenopfe thereof, SDnettoooe 
 inthepoopeof the fljip , ano bp his geflttre bios faretoell to his frienoes in the beft maner be* 
 coulo. another toalfcestopontbe batches, another climbes tbe fbjotoos , another ffanos bpon 
 the maine paro , ano another in tlje top of the fljippe. 'SCo be fljo?t, it tolas a betp triumptj ( af* 
 terafo?t)inallrefpectstotbebeholDers* T5ttt(alas) the gooD King ComarD ( itt refpect of • 
 toljom pjincipallp all this toas p?e pareD ) bee onelp bp reafon of bis fickeneffe teas abfent front 
 this fijetoe, anD not long after tlje Departure of tbefe (hips, the lamentable ano mott fojotofull 
 acciaentof bis Death follotoeo, 
 
 Ot?ut to pjoceeoe in tbe matter, 
 
 ^beftiimes going ootone toiitb tlje tpoe came at lafi to Woolwich, toljere tbepftapen ano 
 tattancre, toitb purpofe to Depart therehenccagaine, as foone as tbe turning of tljietoiater, ano 
 abettectottiDe fljoulDDjatoetljemto fetfaile. after tins tbep DcparteD ano came to Harwich, 
 in toljiclj po?te tljep ttapeo long, not toitljout great loffe ano confuming of time : pet at tbelafl: 
 toiitb a gooD toinoe tljep bopfeobp faile, anD commicteotljemfelues to the fea.efjm'ng tbeir latt 
 aoieu to tbeir natiueCountrep, tobicb tbep knetoe not tobetber tbep fljoulo cuerreturneto fee" 
 againeo j not, Spanp of tljem lookeD oftentimes backe, ano cottlD not refraine from teares.con* 
 Cocring into toljac lj mm tljep toiere to fall,anD toljac uncertainties of tljefea tbep mere to make 
 ttiallof, 
 
 amongfltbered.Richard Chanceler the Captafoe of tlje Edward Bonauenturc, teas not a 
 little grieueo toiitb the feareof toanttng toictuals,part toibereof tolas founD to be corrupt anD pu* 
 triSeo at Harwich, ano tlje boggefljeaos of toiinealfo leakeD, anD toiere not ffancb : his naturall 
 ano fatberlp affection alfo fometosljat troubleo bim, fo? be left bebinoe him bis ttoio little fonnes, 
 tobicb toiere in tbe cafe of 2D?pbanes if be fpeoBe not toiell ; tbe eflate alfo of bis companfe moo* 
 ucd bim to care,being in tlje fomier refpects after a fo jt bnljappie, ano toiere to abioe toitlj bim» 
 felfc cucrpgooDoi baDDcaccioent : but intljemeane timeuibtlc bis mmoetoias thus toimentco 
 toitlj the multiplicttie of fojotoes ano cares , after manp oapes fapling, tbep kenneo lano afarre 
 off, toibcrcunto the pilots Directed tbefljips: ano being come to it, tbep lano, anDfinoeittobe 
 Roll afianD, toljere tbep (fapcDcertaine oapes, ano aftertoiaros fet fade againe, ano p?occcDinoj 
 totoiarDS tIjejf2o?tlj,tljep efpieb certaine other 3|fiaffl>s,tobicb toiere cafleD tlje Croffe of affanDs, 
 jFrom tobfefo places toiben tbep toere a litle oeparteo.Sir Hugh Willoughby tbe (Seneral,a man 
 of gooo fojefigbt ano pjouicence in all bis actions, erecteo anD fet out bis flagge, bp toljicb bee 
 caileo togctber the cljiefeff men of tbe other ujippes,tbat bp tbe Ijelpe anD affiilance of tbeir cottn« 
 ftlS.tljeojBerof tljegouernement,anD conouction of the fljippe? in tlje toiholetoopage migbtbee 
 tlje better : to;bo being come togetljer accopinglp , tljep concluDe anD agree,tbat if anp great tern* 
 pelt Bjoulo arife at anp time,ana happen to oifperfe ano fcatter chem, euerp fljippe fljould tnoe^ 
 uonr bis bed to goe to Cftarobotife, a bauen 0} caftcll of fome name in tbe kingoome of Nor- 
 way, anD tljat tljep tljat arriueb tljere firff in fafetie fljoulo Cap ano erpect tbe comming of 
 tbe rcfl", 
 
 ■Ebe berp fame Dap in tlje afternoone, about fonre of tlje clocke, fo great a temped TuDDenlp 
 arofe, ano tlje <§>eas mere fo otttragious , tljat tbe fljipscoulo not keepe tbeir tntenoeo courfe, 
 but fome toiere perforce Djiuen one teiap,ano fome another toiap.to tbeir great perill ano lja?arD: 
 ^£be generall toiitb Ijis loiubefl bopce crieo out to Richard Chanceler, anD earnefllp requefleti 
 bimnotto goe farre from Ijim: butbee neither toicttlo no^ coulo keepe cempanie toiitb him, if 
 be tatleb Qill fo fall : fo? tbe aomirall mas of better faile rijen his irjippe, 15ut tbe faiD aomirall 
 (31 knotoie not bptoibat meanes) bearing all bisfailes, tolas carieD atoiap toitlj fo great fojee 
 anoCuiiftneire, that not long after bee toas quite out of fight, anD tbe thiro fljip alfo toitlj tbe 
 fame ftojme ami like rage toas Difperteo ano loll bs, 
 
 Cbe fljippe boate of tlje 9omiraU ( firiking againff tbe ujtppe, ) toas ouertoljelmeD in tlje ®" ( p mum 
 Ogbt anbbjetoe of tlje Sgariners of tbe Bonauemure : ano as fo? them tljat are alreaop returneo noVK'n" 
 ans arrtueD,tbep knoto nothing of the rett of the fbrps toh at toas b e come of njem, *•« *f£*' 
 
 T5ut if it be fo, ttjat anp miferable mifljap Ijauc ouertaken tljem, %i tlje rage ano furic of tbe mjet I m>p. 
 
 % 3 S>ea 
 

 2^.6 The EngMi Voyages, 'BjckardQkanceler* 
 
 &cabaue DeuoureD thofe gooo men, oj !faspetthcplMr,anDtoanDertopanDbotonemuTauge 
 Countreps, 31 tmtfl neeDS Cap tbcp tocre men too jthp of better fo?tune,ano if thep be ltuing 5 let bjs 
 toil!) tbetn fafetie anc a gooD reutrne : but tfttje crueltie cf Death bath taken Ijoitjeof them, ©oo 
 ftno tljtm a Cbjtfttan graue ano g>epulcb?e. 
 
 5<3otoe Richard Ghanceler toitb bis (bippe ano companp being tints left alone, ano be* 
 tome berp penfiue, foeauie, ano fojotofull, bp tfjtaoifpcrftott of tl}e JFIcctc, bee (accojDiugto 
 the ojoer before taken,) fbapetb bis cotirfe foj Wardhoufe in "Noway .there to crpect ano abioe 
 trje acctualt of the reflof tbefbippes. 9n& being rotnetfo'tljeiytttD bauing tfapco there the {pace 
 of 7,oapeg, anDlookeDinbatne ft? their cormnmg, bee oetcnnineD at length to pjoceeoe alone 
 tnthepurpofeDbopage,. 3no as bee toas preparing bimfelfe to Depart, it bappeneD that bee fell 
 in companp ano fpeech toith certaine S>cottifbmen: tobo bauing nnDer&anDing of his intent 
 tion, ano toifbmg tocll to l)is actions, beganne earnefllp co DifftoaDe htm from the further p?ofc* 
 * cation of the Difcouerie, bp amplifping the Dangers tohicb bee mass to fall into, ano omittcD no 
 reafon that migljt feme to that purpofe, ^ut bee bowing noticing Co ignominious ano rcp?cch» 
 fuU,a0inconQancteanbleuitieof muuie, anD perftoaDing bimfelfe that a man of balour routoe 
 not commit a mojeoifhonourable part then foj feare of Danger to atiopoe ano fbunnc great at* 
 tempts , toas nothing at all cbangco o i Difcouragco tottb the fpcecbes ano too?os efttje gicots, 
 remaining Oeofatt ano immutable in big firft refolution: Determining either to bjing that to 
 pafle tohicb toas iiitenoeD, o? els to Die the Death, 
 
 9 no asfo j them tohicb mere toith Rafter Ghanceler in his fbtppe, although tljep hao great 
 caufe of Difcomfojt bp the lotTe of their companie (tohom the fo?efaiD tempefl bao feparatco 
 from them,) anDtoere not a little troublco toith cogitations ana pertttrbatiensof mtnoe, in re* 
 fpect of their Doubtfull courfe : pet nottoitljaanDing,thep mere of fttch confent ano agreement of 
 minDe toitb Rafter Chanccler", that thep mere refolute, anopjeparcDbncerbis Direction ano 
 gonernmentjto make pmofe am> triall of all aoucntures.toithotit all feare ojmiffruff of future 
 Dangers, 2Hhicb conttancie of mtnoein all the companie Dioerceeoinglp intrcafe their Cap* 
 taines carefulncffe : to? bee being ftoallotoeDbp toitb like goob mill ano louc totoaros them, 
 feareo iefl thjough anp errourof bis, the fafetie of the companie fboulo bee inuangereD, Wa 
 conttaDe, tohen thep fame their befite ano hope of the arrtaall of the red of the fbippes to be eue* 
 rp Dap mo?e ano mo?e fruffrateD, thep pmuioeo to fea againe, ano Scatter Chanccler helD on his 
 courfe totoaros that bnknomen part of thetoo?lo, ano failco Co farre, thathee came at latt to the 
 place inhere hee fotmD no night at all , but a continuall light ano b jtgbtneffe of the feunne fhi* 
 ning clearelp Upon the huge ano mightie <%>ea, 3no Ijauing tlje btnefite of this perpetuall light 
 fojcertaineDapcs,atthcIengthitpIeaftD(^oDtob?ingtl)cm into a certaine grept ^ap, lnhicb 
 mas of one hunojetb miles o} thereabout otter, Mthereinto thep cntreD , ano Cometobat fane 
 tuitbin tt cafl ancre , anD looking cuerp toap about tljem.it bappenco that thep efpieo a ff.rre off a 
 certaine fiffjer boate, tohich fatter Chanceler, accompantcD mitb a feme of Ins men,toent to* 
 warts to common mitb the fifbermenthat mere in it, ano to knome of them tohat Countrep 
 it toas, ano tohat people, anD of toljatmaner of lining thep toere : but thf p being ama?eo toitjj 
 the Orange greatnefle of his fhtppe, ( fo j in thofe partes lefoje that time thep hao neuer feme the 
 Kfce) beganne p^cfentlp to auopoc ano to flee : but hce fiill follctoing them at Iatt cucrtooke 
 tijem.anb being come to them , thep (being in great feare.as men halfe Deao)pjou"ratcDtbcm* 
 ftlues before htm,offering to kifle bis fecte : but hee ( accojDtng to bis great anD fuigular cour* 
 teBe,) looktopleafantlp bpon them, comforting them bp Cigncs ano gefltires, retuOng thofe 
 ouetiesanDrcuercmesof theirs.anDtakingtljembpiualllouing fo?t from tbegrounD, Snote 
 isftrange to conGserhctoe much faucur aftertoaros in that place, this humanitieofhisBi'D 
 purchafetohimfelfe. tft>} thep being DiCmillen fpjeao bp ano bp a report ab?oao of the ar* 
 rittallof aflrangenation.of a lingular gentleneue ano courtefie: tohereupon tljc common peo* 
 pie came together offering to thefe netoe-come gheCs bictttals freelp.anD not refuCng to traffique 
 toith them, erccpt thep has bene bounD bp a certaine religious bfe ano cuff omc.not to bup anp fo}« 
 reine commoDtties 3 toitljEut the knotoleoge ano confent of the king, 
 «»»bi(coiKtie ^V this time our men haDlearncDtljattht'sCountreptoascalltD Ruflia, o? Mofcouie, ant» 
 of fiuuia. that luan Vafiliwich (toljtch toas at that time their Eings name) rulcD anogouetneD farre 
 ano toioe in thofe places. 3no the barbarous Ruffes affecD liketoife of our men toljence tljep 
 toerc,anD tohat thep came fa} : tohereunto anftoere toas mane, that tbcp tocre Cngliujmen fent 
 into thofe coaftes, from the moft ercellent fttng «EDtoarb the Crt.hauing from him in rcnwtf noe* 
 ment certaine things to neliuer to their Eing , ano feeking nothing els bttt his amitie t.t<b fticnD' 
 mip.anD traffique toith W peoplctoberebp tljep Doubteo not,but that great ce m mcDUic ant p;c6t 
 tooulD groto to the fubiects of both kingoomes. 
 
 «|jfp'arrmt 
 
 MitilcTSapof 
 feamt ji>u> 
 cSaiae. 
 
< Rkhard Qhancekr. TraffiqueSjand Difcoueries. 24.7 
 
 <£be 'Barbarians bearo tljefe tbings be rp glaolp, ano p jomtfeo tbciraiDeanofuftberance to 
 acquaint tbeir king ottt of bano toitlj fo ^nttt ano a reasonable rcquett, 
 
 3[n tbemeane time Scatter Chanccler intreateo btctuals fo? bis moncp of the gottewour of 
 tljat pta« (tobo together toitbotljers came aboojb ftm) ano requireo fjottiigrg of tbrm likc J - 
 Uotfe fo? clje mj?e aflurance of fafette to bimfelfe ana Ijis companp. 3to toljom tfoe ©oucrnottra 
 anfbJereo, tbat tbep knetoe not in tbat cafe tlje toill of tljeic king, but pec tocre toillmsm Tncfj 
 tbings ae tbep migbt latofull? ooe,to pleafure !;tm : toljicb toas as cfjen to affco jo Ijim t!je benefit 
 oflmtttals* 
 
 jftotoe tobilt tbefe tbings lucre a Doing, tljep fecretlp ff nt a meffenger fcnto tlje Cmperottr, 
 to cettifie btm of tlje artiuall of a fl range nation,ano toitball to knotoe bis pieafitrc concerning- 
 tbcm* Jftlbtcb meflage toas berp toelcome bnto bint, infomttch tbat briltntanlp bee inuiteo 
 tbemtocometobts'Coutt^wtifbpreafbnoftbetetiidKfncfl'coffxilongaiournep^iieptbougbt 
 it not bed fo to ooe, tljen bee graunteo Ubertie to Ijts fttuiectg to bargaine ,ario to f raffiqtte toitb 
 tbem t anb further pjomifeb, tbat if it tooulo pleafe tbcm to come to bun, bee Ijimfelfe toouln 
 beacc tt>e tobole cbarges of poffcljojles. 3in tbe mcane timetbegouernoursof the place off* 
 ferreo tbe matter from bap to oap,p?etcnomg Diners erciifeSjanofapiitgone tofjile tbat tbe con* 
 feitt of all tbe gotteniours,ano another tobile, tbat tbe great ano toaigljtie affaires of tbe king* 
 tome compelled tbcm to Differ tbeir anfujere : anb tbls tljep Dio of purpofe , fo long to pjotract 
 tbe time,bn till tlje meffenger (fent fecfoje to tlje king J bio returne toitb relation of \>i» totll ano 
 pleafure. 
 
 05ut fatter Chanccler, ( feeing bimfelfe Ijelo intljt's fufpenfe totttj long ano bm'neerpec-- 
 tation,ano tbinking tbat of intention to Dcluoebim, tljep potteo tbe matter off fo often,) toas be* 
 rpmflant toitb tljtm to perfo?me tbeir pjwmife rCEUjicb ff tbep tooulo not boe 4 ljee toloe tbcm 
 tljat bee tooulo bepart ano p^oceeoe in bis bopage, &o tbat tbe Mofcouites ( altljougb as pet . 
 t|jep kneto not the mince of tljetr king) pet fearing flje Departure in occoe of our men tobo bao 
 futbtoarcs ano commobities as tbep gteatlpoefireD, tljep at latt refritteD to fumiuj our people 
 toitb all tbings neceffarie, ano to conbuct tbem bp lano to tbepjefence of tbeir king, Sno fo 
 pallet Chanccler bcganne Us ioumep.tohtcbtoas betplong ano mod troubfefome, toljere- 
 inbeebab t^e toft of ccrtaute flcDjs, lxiljicb in tfjat Countrep are berp common, foj tljep are ca* 
 rieotbemfeluesbpottfleos, anballtljcir carriages are in tlje fame fojt, tbe people alntoff not 
 knotoing anp otber matter of carrtage,tbe caufe toberof.is tlje erceeotng batoneue of tbe grouno 
 congealeo in tbe tointer time bp tbe fojee of tlje coloe,tobiclj in tbofe places is berp ertreme ano 
 Ijo jrtble, toljercof Ijercafter toe totll fap fometljing. 
 
 03ut notoe tbep bauing paffeb tbe greater part of tbeir iouraep,mette at latl tot'tlj tlje <§>leone* 
 man (of tobom 31 fpake befoje ) lent to the kingfecretlp fromtlje 3iuftices o? gotternours, tobo 
 lip fome ill bappe bab loff Ijis toap,ano bao gone to tlje ^ea tioctoljxb is ncere to tlje Counttep 
 of tbe Tartars, tljinkwtg tljcrc toljaue fouiiD outujip. lout bauing longerreo ano toanoertti 
 out of Ijis toap, at tbe lafl in bis Direct returne,bee met (as bee toas comming) our Captainc on 
 tbetoap* 'Kotobombeebpanb bpDCliueteDtbe«Emperoursletters ; tobicbtoereto?itt£ntob'm «6e^mpw 
 ttitb all courtelte anb in tbe mofl touing matter tljat coulb be : toljetein erp?effe commanoement m£t£Sj£ n 
 Mi giuen, tbat pott bo?tes ftjoulb bee gotten foj Ijim anb tlje refl of Ijis companp toitbtittt anp <»• «!>anceitr. 
 monep. Wfyity tbtng toas of all t^z Ruflcs in tbe reft of tljeir tournep fo toillinglp bone, tbat tbep 
 beganto quarrefl, pea, anb tofigbtalfo inftriuinganocontenoing tobiclj of tbemfijoulD put 
 tbeir pott bo?fes to tlje fieooc : fo tbat after muclj aooe ano great painea taken in tljis long ana 
 toearieiouruep,(fo? tbep bao trauaileo berp neereaftccneliunojeo miles) Rafter Chanccler 
 tame at latt to Motco tbe cbiefe citie of tbe kingDome,ano tbe feate of tbe king x of toljitlj citte, 
 ano of tbe <£mperour btmfelfe, ano of njepnuctpall cities of Mofcouie,toeetotU fpeake imn«< 
 btatlp mo;e at large in tljis otfeourfc. 
 
 Of Mofcouie > which is alfo called Rufsia* 
 
 MOicouie,tobicb batlj tbe name alfo of Ruflia rbe toljfte, is a berp large ano fpact'otis Coun* 
 trep,euerp toap bounoeo toitb outers nations.Eotoaros tlje sS)OHtIj ano tlje <£ att,it is com* 
 paffeDtoitbTanaria: tlje jftojtbjenHoeof itftretcbetb to tbe ScytianSDcean :bpontlje?I(I3cli 
 pattbojbec tbe Lappians, a ruoe ano fauage nation, litting in toocos, tobofe language is not 
 knotoentoanpotfjerpeople:nertbntotbefe,mo?etotoarDStIjeg)ot!tb,isSvvccia,tljenFinlandi3, 
 tben Liuonia, anb latt of all Lituania, 'Sljt's Countrcp of Mofcouie, batlj alfo berp manp 
 «»d great titters in it, anb is mariu) grouno in manp places : ano as fo j tlje riutrs, tlje greatctt 
 
 ano 
 
 ■ 
 
24.8 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, ^Rjchard Qhanceler* 
 
 lake oF 26eal» 
 
 C-CM- 
 
 \ 
 
 ano moff famous amonga all tlje rett,is tbat,ti)hicb the Ruffes in cljeir otone tongue call Volga, 
 but others knob) it bp the name of Rha. jfrert bnto it in fame isTanaiSjinhich thep call Don,antt 
 the tljirD Borifthenes mbicb at this Dap tljcp call Neper. Ctoo of tbefe.to b)it,Rha,anb Borifthe- 
 nes purring both out of one fountaine, runne berp farretlj?ough the lanb: Rha retetuingmanp 
 other pleafant riuers into it, fj running from the berp (jeao o? fp?mg of it tomaros the ©aft,after 
 manp crookcb turnings ano toinbings, oifchargc tb it felfe, ano all the other boaters ano riuctu 
 that fall into it up Dtuers paflages into the Cafpian &ea. Tanais fp?ingtng from a fountaine of 
 great name in trjote partes, ano grotoing great neere to Ijtjs bean , fpjebs it felfe at length berp • 
 largelp.anb makes a great lake: ano tbengrotoingnarrotoeagaine, botljfo runne fo?certaine 
 miles, Vtntill it fall into another lake.tobicb tljep call Iuan : ano tljerebence fetching a berp ctoo* 
 fees courfe,comes berp neere to the riuer Volga : but Difoaining as it boere the companp of anp 
 othecriuer.ootb tbere turne it felfe againe from Volga, ano runnes totoaro tbe S>outb,anDfals 
 at laC into the Lake of Moeotis. Borifthenes, baljtcb comes from tlje fame Ijeab that Rha 
 both , ( as toee fapbe before ) carieth both it felfe , ano other maters that are neere bnto it, 
 toroarDstbe&outb , not refuting the nurture of other fmall riuers: ano running bp manp 
 great anb large Gountreps fals at lafl into Pontus Euxinus. 15 efiocstbefe riuers, are al« 
 fa in Mofcouie certame lake?, anb poles , the lakes! bjccoc fin) bp the cclefltall influence: 
 ano amongff them all, the cbiefctt anb mofl p?incipall is calleo Bealozera, ixiljicl) is berp 
 famous bp reafon of a berp ffrong tobo?e built in it, to&erein the kings of Mofcouie refcrue 
 anb repofe tbeirtreafttre in all time of toarre ano banger, 
 
 Couching rije Riphean mountaines, tohereupon tlje fnoto lieth continuaflp,anb tubere hence 
 in times patt it boas thought that Tanais tlje riuer did fp?mg,ano that the rctt of the toonbers of 
 nature,b)rjtcb tbe Grecians faintb anb inucnteb of oloe, toere there to be feene : our men tobicb 
 latelp came from thence, neither fatoe tbem.no? pet baue bought home anp perfect relation of 
 them, although tbepremaineo thereto? the fpacroftb?eemonetljs, ano babgotteniu that time 
 fome intelligence of tlje language of Mofcouie. Che b)ljole Gountrep is plaine anb champion, 
 anb fetohilsinittanbtouiarbsi the 59ojth it hath berp large 9 IpaciousteoooSjtobercinis great 
 fio?e of Jfirre trees.a wood berp neceflarie,anD fit fo? the builotng of boufes: there are alfo bailee 
 beatfes b?eo in tljofe woods, as 'Buffies, 15eares,ano blacke &2Mues,ano another kinceof beatt 
 bnknotoentobs.bttt calleb bptljem Rofibmakka : anb the nature of the fame is berp rare ana 
 baonberfull : fo? When it is great tontb pong, anb reaoptobjingfoo?tb,itfeeketb out fome nar« 
 rob) place bettoeene ttoo {takes, anb fo going t!j?ougb tbem,p?cu"etb it felfe, anb bp that meanest 
 is eafeo of her burDen,tobtch other teife cculo not be ooncdjcp bant tljeir buffes fo? tfcemotl part 
 aho?febacke,buttbeir 15earcs afoot,toitbmoo6Denfo?kes.'&betto?tbpartsof tbeCountrep arc 
 rcpo?tcD to be fo colo,t hat the berp ice 0; mater which biftilletb out of the moifl: Wood which the? 
 lap bpon the fire is piefnttlp congealeoano frozen: the DtuerfitiegroWingfaDDenlpto be 6 
 great,tbat in one anb the felfe fame fireb?anb,a man (ball fee both fire anb ire. Wfyta the Winter 
 both once begin there it both Hill mo?c j mo ? t increafe bp a perpetuttte of colo : neither both that 
 colbe flake,bntill tlje fojee of tlje <§>unne beames both bilfolue the colo, anb make glab the eartb, 
 returningtott againe. ©urmariners toljichtoelefttn tbefijipintbemeanetinieto keepeit,in 
 grtjc niarpHcs tljeir going bponelp from tljeir cabbing to the hatches , bab their breath oftentimes fofttbbenlp 
 m Sofcouu:" taheH aluap, that thep eftfoenes fell oobme as men berp neere beab, fo great is the fimrpenefle of 
 that coloe climate : but as fo? the ssotitb parts of tlje Countrep , thep are fome toljat mo je tent' 
 . perate. 
 
 V 
 
 Xa 
 
 Of Mofco the chiefe Citic of the kingdome,and of 
 
 the Emperour thereof. 
 
 r % remaineth that a larger oifcourfe be mabe of Mofco,the p?inct'pall Citt'e of that Countrep, 
 Lanu of the IP jince alfo,as before boe Ijaue p?omifeo. Che Cmpirc anb gouernment of tlje king 
 ts berp large,anb his toealth at this time erceeoing great. 9nb becaufe tlje citt'e of Mofco is the 
 cbtefett of al the reff,it feemeth of it felfe to challenge tlje firfl place in tbiSbifcourfe.©ur men fap, 
 that in bignefle it is as great as the Citieof Lonoon,B)itb the fhburbes thereof. Chere are ma-- 
 np anb great builbings in it, but fo? beautie anb fatrenefle, nothing comparable to ours, Cbete 
 ' 3r f t h' c io ni,nmc arc manp Coboncs ano UUlages alfo, but built out of o?oer, anotoithnohanfomncue: tjjeic 
 sun uig. jj re£tfS aiW jjjgpgg arc notpaueb mith Cone as ours, are: tlje toallcs of their houfes are of 
 tooob : the roofcafo? tlje moC part are couerebbaith fijingleboo?DS. Chere isljarb bptbe Citie 
 abcrpfatrc€aaie,Qrong,anDfumiu)«D toitljartillerictoljereunto tlje Citie ifi iopneo birectlp 
 
 tottarDS 
 
Itichard Qhanceler. Traffic[ues,and Difcoueries. 24.9 
 
 totoaros tbe 33o?tb, toitlj a b^tcfee toall : t&e toalles alfo of tlje Caule are built toicb b jicke, ana 
 are tit fajeaotij oj t&ickcneffe eigljtcette foote, t£bis Cadle Ijatfj on tlje one fine a ojie nitcb,on the 
 odber fioe tlje riuer Mofcua, tobeiebpitismabealmodincrpttgnaule, %\)t fame Moicuatreu* 
 bingtotoaibs tbe Cad ootb aomtt into ft tlje compantc of tlje rrttcr Occa. 
 
 Jntlje Caftle afojefaice, tbere are in number nine Cljurcbcs, oj Cljappcls , not altogetfjcc 
 bnljanfome, tobsclj are bled anb kept bp certaine religious men,ouer tobom tljete is sfcer a fojt, 
 a patriarke,o? ©ouernour.ano toitlj bint otbec reuereno jf atljers, all toljtcb fo?tljc greater parr, 
 Btncll tottbtn tlje dCaille, asfajtlje kings Court anb palace, it is not of tlje neatefi, onrlpitt 
 fbjme it is foure fquare, anb of to toe bttiltring, mucb furpaKeD ano crcellcb bp tfae bcautie ann 
 clegancieof tlje (joules of tbe Sings of Cnglanb,. Che tointotocs are berp narrotolp built, ann 
 tome of tljem bp glade, fome otbet bp lettiffcs abmit tbe It'gijt : anb toljcreas t(je palaces of our 
 Ounces are aeckeD,auo abomeo with hangings of clotb of goto, tbere is none fuel) tljere % tljep 
 buito anbiopnc to all tljeir toals benches, anb tljat not onelp in tbeCourt of tbe Cmpcrottr ,but 
 inallpu'uate mens (jottfes. 
 
 j?ob)eafter tljat tljep fjab remaineb about tbjeltie bapes in tfje Citie.tljere bias tljen a fpeffen* 
 ger fent bnto tljem, to bjtng tbem to tlje Sings Doufc : anb tljep being after a fojt toearieb toitlj 
 tbeirtong dap, toerc berp reaop, ana toillingfo toooe: anb being cntceoiDttbttt tbe gates of tbe 
 Court.tbere fate a berp bono jable companie of Courtiers, to tbe number of one bunojeo, all ap* 
 parcUco inclotljof goloe,botonc to tbe it ankles % ana tljere-ljcnce being conbtictebinto tbe cljam- 
 berof pjefence, ourmenbeganmtotoonoerattijeSpatcdteoftljeCmperour: bisfeatetoas a» 
 loft, in a berp rapall tbjonc , (jauing on bis beab aDtadcme, o? Crotoncof golbe, apparelled 
 toitlj a robe all of tfotofmitljs toojkc, anb in Ijisljand bcebetoaSaccpter gaEmffjeb, anb befec 
 toitb precious Cones: and beOoes all otber notes aim apparanccs of bonottr.tljcre toas a Spaieftie 
 in ljts countenance pjopojttonable toitlj tbe ercellencie of (jis cdate : on tlje one (toe of Ijim flootr 
 tyt cljiefe §>ccrctarte,on tlje otljcr ftoe,tlje great Commander of filence, botlj of tljem arapeb al= 
 to in ttotlj of golb: anb tljen tljere fate tlje Counfcl of one bundjed anb ftftic in number.all in like 
 tojt araped,and of great Bate* %\yi% fo bonojable an auemblje , fo great a Spaieflie of tlje €m« 
 perour,anb of tlje place migljtberp toell baueama=se& our me»,anb baue oaftjt t^cm out of coun? 
 tenance; butuottottljflanotttg Spader Ghanceler being tijcittoitballnocbing tifmaicdfaluten, 
 anddtofetssuetie to tbe Cmperour.after tbemanerof England.ano toitball, neliuereb bnto bim 
 tbe letters of our king, Edward tbe firt, % Ije Cmperour batting taken,f reab tbe letrers.began jting « &. 
 a Ittle to quedion toitb tbem,anD to afke tljem of tbe toelfare of our bittg: tobereunt o our men atts Sffiit" 1 * 
 fuiereb Ijim oirectlp,? in feto too?os : Ijeretiponour men pjefentco fome tljittg to tije Cmperottr, 
 bp t^e cbiefe S»ecretarp,Vi3ljicb at tlje oeliuerp of it,pttt of tjis bat.bcing before all tlje time couc-: 
 reb : ano fo tbe € mperour Ijauing tnuiteb tljem to Dinner,oifmi(feD tljem from bis pjefence t ana 
 going into tlje cbamber of Ijim tbat bias Spader of tbe Keqttefts to tbe Cmpcrour, 9 Ijauing flapeii 
 tljere tljefpace of tbooljotojes, at tlje lad, tlje speflenger commetlj, anbcalletbtbcmto oinnert 
 tUv goe,ano being conbucteb into tlje gotoen Court, ( foj fo tf<ep call it, altljottglj not berpfaire) 
 tljep fiutii tbe €mp erour fit t tog bpon an Ijigij anb datelp fcate,apparelltb toit Ej a robe of filut r.anb 
 toitfj a'totljer Diabeme en bis bead : our men being places ouer agafaft bim, fit cotune : in tbe 
 miboes of tbe roome Coobe a migljtie Cupboojb upon a fquare feote, luljereupon doooe al= 
 roarcuno boo?b, in manner of a Dtamonb, b?oaoe beneath , anb tcinarbes tbe toppe nar» 
 rotoc , anb cuerp deppe rofe bp mo?e narrotne tljen anotljci\ Upon t'jis Ctipboo^be baas 
 placeo tlje Cmperours plate, toljicbtoaisfomuclj, tljat tlje berp Cupboojbit felfctoas leant 
 able to fudaine tlje tBatgljt of it: tbe better part of all tljebeffels, ann goblets, toasmaoe 
 of berp fine golo; anoamougd tlje red, tbere bjerefoure pots of berp large btgneffe, baljtclj 
 bib abo jne tbe red of tlje plate in great meafure : foj tbep lucre fo bigb » tljat tbep tijottgljt 
 tljem at tbe lead tute foote long, Cljcrebjerealfo bpontljis Cupbop ccrtainefiluercafkesj 
 not mucb btffertng from the quantttie of our jTpjkins, toljerein mas refertteb tlje Cmperours 
 bunke: on eaclj fibe of tlje Spall doob foure tables, eaclj of tljem lapoe anb couereb toitfj 
 berp cleane table dotbes, tofjereunto tlje companp afcenoeo b^ tb^ee deps } begrees : all uibiclj 
 toere fidtti totttj tlje affcmblte pjefent : tlje gbcfls toere all apparellcb boitlj linnen toitbout, mto 
 toitb riclj fkinncs tottbut, ano fo W) notablp fct out tbis ropall fcad. 1H)Z Cmperour, toljcn bee 
 takes anpbjcaoo? knife inljisbano, botlj ftrdof all crofle btmfclfe bpon ljts fo^cljeab: tljep 
 tbat are in fpeciall fauour toitb tbe Cmperour fit bpon tlje fame benclj tottlj bim, but fometobat 
 fatre from Ijim : anb befote tlje comming in of tlje mcate, tbe Cmperour Ijtmfelfe, accosting to an 
 ancient cudome of tlje kings of Mofcouy.satb fird befioto a pit cc of bjeab bpon cuerp one of bis 
 gbeffs, toitb a Icub pronunciation of bis title, ano bonottr, in tb'S manner ; Clje great Duke of 
 Mofcouie,anbcbiefe€mperourof Ruffia,lohnBafiliwMi ($ tljen tlje officer namctbtije glje?) 
 
 botlj 
 
__ 
 
 250 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, 'Richard Qhanceler . 
 
 Doth giue tbee b?eao. JUljercupon al tlje gljctts rife op.ana bp $ lip tit ootone againc, 'Ehia Done, 
 tlje oientleman Sllber of the flpall tomes in, xuttlj a notable companp of feruants, tarpingthe 
 Difbes,anD Ijautng oone bis reuerence to t&j igmperour, puts a pong <§>toanne in a goiocn plattec 
 upon tfjc table , ano immeoiatlp takes it tljence againe, oeliuering it to tbe Carticr, aim feuett 
 otljer of Ijis fellotoes,to be cut top : tobiclj being petfourmeo, tlje mcatc is trjert oiffrtbuteo to the 
 ghefis, toith tbe like pompe, ano ceremonies. 31n tlje meane time, the ©entleman iUfljer wceiues 
 rjis b?cao,anD tattetb to the CEmpcrour, ano aftertoato.bauing ooneljis reuerence, Ije oeparte tb« 
 •©oucljing tlje reft of the Bilges, becaufe tbep mere brought ia out of o?oer, our men can report 
 no certaintte : but tljis is true, that all the furniture of Ditljcs, ano Dunking tocflels, toijicb toere 
 tben fo? tbetofeof a b"nD?eo gbefts, toasallof pure goloe, ano tbe tables toere folaoentoiu) 
 tocffels of golo, tbat tijere toas noroome fo? fome to ftano topon tljem, 
 
 SKe map not fo?get,tbat there toere 1 40, feruito?s arapeo in clotb of goto, tbat in tlje m'nner 
 time, cljangeo tb?ffe tljeir habit ano apparcll, tobicb fcruito?s are m like fo?t ferueo toitb b?eao 
 from tbe (£mperour,as tlje reft of tlje gbcfls.Laft of aU,oinner being enoeo,anD canolcs bjougbt 
 tn 5 (fo?bp this time m'gljt toas come) tlje Cmperour cnlletlj alibis gbefls anD jfroblemtnbp- 
 tbeir names, in fuchfo?t, that it teemes miraculous, t^ata^jince, otbertoife occupieo in great 
 matters of ettate,fljoulo fo toell remember fo manp ano funb?p particular names. Che Ruffes 
 toloe our men,tljat tbe reafon tljereof, as alfo of tlje beftototng of b?eao in tljat matter, toas to tbe 
 enoe tbat tlje €mperour might keepe tbe knotoleoge of bis otone hottujolo : ano toitljnUiidt fuclj 
 as aretonocrhiSDifpIeautre,migljt bptbismcanesbeknotocn. 
 
 Of thedifciplineof warre among the Ruffes. 
 
 Wljjenfoeuer the iniures of tljeir neighbours ooe call tbe JKing foo?tb to battell, bee neuer 
 armetlja lelfe number againft the enemieitljcn soo.thoufanofouriers, loo.trjoufanB 
 toljereof bee carietb out into tlje fielo toitb bim, ano Ieauetb tbe reft in gartfon in fome fit places, 
 fo? tbe better faf etie of bis <£mpire,lpe p?eu"etlj no Ijttf Danoman,tio? Sgtarcbants fo? tbe Cotmtrep 
 is fo populous, tljat thefe betngleft at Ijome.tlje poutb of theHealme is fttfficient fo? all bis tears* 
 Sis manp as goe out to toarfare do e p?outoe all things of tljeir otone coft : tbep figljt not on foote, 
 tut altogether onbo?febacke : tljeir armour is a coate of mailer a Ijclmct: tbe coate of maile toout 
 is giloeo,o? els aoo?neo toitb filke, although it pertaine to a commom foloier : tbep Ijatte a great 
 p?ioe in ffjetoing tbeir toealth: tbep tofe botocs,ano arrotoes,as tbe 'Kurks do: tbep carp lances al* 
 fo into the fielo, '©be? rioe toitlj a fijo?t tttrrop,aftcr the maner of tbe Cuiks : ^hep are a kinoe 
 of people moft fparing inoiet,ano moll patient in crtrcmitieof cQlD,aboue all others. .ffo?toben 
 tlje grouno is couereotoitljfttotoe, ano isgrotoen terrible ano baro toitb the froft, thts Ruffe 
 bangs top bis mantIe,o? fouloiers coate, againft tljat part from tobence the toinoe ano <§>notoe 
 6?iues, ano fo making a little fire, lictb ootone toitlj bis backe totoaros tlje toeather : tljis mantle 
 of bis ferues bim fo? bis beo.toalljbottft ano all : bis o?tnfee is coloe toater of the ritter,mingle& 
 toitb oatemcale,ano this is all bis gooo cljcere, ano be tljinketb bimfelfe toell, ano oaintilp feoce 
 tljeretottlj, ano fo ftttetlj ootone bp bis fire , ano topon tljeljaro grouno , roftttlj as it toere b«* 
 toearie fines tljus oaintilp fluffeo : tlje \)sa> grouno is bis featljer beo, 9 fome bloclte 0? ftone hisf 
 pilloto : ano as fo? bis bo?fe,be is as it uiere a cbamberfellotoJ uiitb his mafter,farmg both alike. 
 ^)oto ittftlp map this liarbarous, ano ruoe Ruffe conoemne tlje oaintinetTe ano nicenelTe of cue 
 Captaines,nibo Ituing in a foile $ aire much mo?e temeprate, pet commcnlp tofe furreo boots, 
 ano clokes *•• 15ut tljus much of tlje furniture of tljeir common fouloiers, 13ut tbofe that are of 
 Ijtgber Degrees come into tbe fielo a little better p?ouiDeo.,9s fo? tlje furniture of the <£mperouc 
 ljimfelfe,tt is then abotte all other times, moft notable. ^Ije couetings of Ijis tent fo? the moft 
 part,are all of golo, aoo?neo toitlj ftones of great p?ice, ano toitb the curious u?6?kcmanlbtp of 
 plumaficrs. 9s often as thep are to fkirmifij toitb tlje enemie,tljcp goe fo?th toitljout anp o?oer at 
 all : tbep make no toings, no? militarie oiuifions of tbeir men, as toe ooe, but Iptitg fo ? the moft 
 part,in ambuuj, ooe fuoocnlp fet topon tlje enemie. Qljiit bo?fcS can toell airframe ttoo toljolc 
 oaieo from anp meate. Cljep fceDe topon ibe barkes of trees.ano tlje moft tenner b?ancbes, in all 
 tbe time of toarre. 9nD tljis fcant ano nuferable maner of liuing, botlj the ho?fe ano ty$ S^afiec 
 ran toell enoure,fometimes fo? tlje fpace of ttoo monetljs,luftie,ano in gooo date of boop.Sf anp 
 man beljaue bimfelfe toaliantlp in the fieloe , to the contcntation of tlje Cmperour, Ije beftotoetb 
 topon bim in recompcnfcofljisferuice,fome farme, 0? fomuchgtotinDasljeanobtBmapliuetop' 
 on,tobiclj nottoitbftanoing after his Death, returnetlj againe to tlje €mperour, if Ije Die toitheut a 
 male iu*ue, f 0? although Ijis Daughters be neuer fo manp, pet no part of tjat inheritance comes 
 toujem, ercepc peraottenture tbe ^mperour of bisgoooneffe, giue fome po?tionof the lan» 
 
 amongft 
 
I 
 
 < RicI>ard Qbancekr. Traffiques^nd Difcou. 251 
 
 amongfttijein,tobeffoiD£tljcmuntl)fiU. '<*s to* tije man, tobofocucrbcbc,tbac is in tbis fojt re« 
 toaroco bp tlje g'.nperours liberalitie, Ijcc is bounD in a great fumnie, to maintaine (a manp foul" 
 Die r 3 foj tbe toarre .toben neeo (ball rcquire,as tljat lane,in tlje opinion of tbe Cmperomys able ta 
 maintaine, 9no all tbofc, to totjom anp Iano fala bp inberitance, are in no better conaition : foj if 
 tbep sic luit^out anp male uTue,all tljcir lands fall into tbe bancs of tlje Cmpcrour.anomojeotter, 
 if tijere be anp ricljmanamongH them, toboin Ijisotoncpccfoii is unfit fojtljetoarrcs, ano pet 
 jjatbfttcbtocalcb,tbat thcrebpmanp (ftoble mcnr.no toarriottrs miajbtbcmaintainco.if anpoftbe 
 Courtiers pjefent bis name to tbe Cmpcrottr, tbe toiljappp man is bp ano bp fent foj,anb in tljac 
 infiant,ticpuiieDof alibis n'ctjcp.toljiclj luttb sreat paines anD trauell all bis life time bchau got* 
 ten together : crccpt perhaps fome fmail portion thereof be left Ijim, to maintaine bis toif e, cljil* 
 D?en ano familic. TBnt all this is ooneof all tbe people fo tuillinjlp at tljeCmperours rommatt» 
 Dement, tbatamantoottio tbinke, tbep ratljer make rettittitionof otljcrmcnsgooos.tfjcngiug 
 tljat toljicb is their otone to ot^cr men. .ftotoe trje Cmperour Ijauing taken tbefe gooss into big 
 IjanDs.beftotoeth tljem among; bis Courtiers,acco?ting; to their Dcfcrts: ano tljeoftcner tbata man 
 isfenttotbctoams.tlje mojefauetirbe tbinketbisbojne tobinibptbeCnrpcrour,aIt&oug,b be 
 pjoe bpou bis otonc charge, as 31 fato befo jc. g>o great is clje obedience of all men general!? ta 
 tljetr IPjince. 
 
 Of the Ambafladors of the Emperour of Mofcouie. 
 
 TOc Mofcouitc, to it I) no Icfie pompe, anD magnificence, trjen tljat tobicb toe baue (pokm of, 
 fenuabig 9mbatTaDo?s to fo?rcn Puttees, in tbe affaires of eflate. jfoj toljile our men toere 
 abiDingintljeCWeof Mofco,ttjeretoercttoo9mbanaBo?sfenttotbeEmojof Poland,accom» 
 pam'eo toitb 500, notable bojfes,anD tbe greater part of tlje men toere arapeo in rlotb of goto, ano 
 of 0lke,anD tlje too jtt apparcll toas of garments of bit toe colour, to fpeake nothing of t!jc trap-- 
 Itings of tlje ljo^fes,tobitb toere aoomcD toitb goto anD filuer,ano berp curioulip cmlnocm o : tbep 
 baoalfo toitb tljem onebunojeo tobite ano fatce fpare bo?fes , to bfe tbem at fuclj times, as an|> 
 toeartntfle came bpon tljem, 3Sut noto tbc time requtrctbme to fpeake b?icflp of other Cities of 
 tlje Mofcouit cs,ano of tfjc toates ano commooittes tljat tlje Cottntrep webetlj, 
 
 Nouogorode. 
 
 NCtt bnto Mofco,t!je Cttte of Nouogorodc is reputeb t&e Cljieftfl Of Rutfia : fo? altrjougrj 
 it be in S^aieflie infetio? to it,pet in greatnefle it goetb bepono it.3It is tbe cbeifellanD grea* 
 tell £JS)arte Cotone of all Mofcouie : ano albeit the Cmperours fcate is not tl;cre,b ut at Mofco, 
 pettberommoDiouuieffe of tlje titter, falling into rtjat gulfe, tobicb fscalleo Sinus Finnkus, 
 toberebp it is toell frequenteo bp ^arcbants, makes it moje famous tben Mofco it felfe* 'Cljis 
 totone erccis all tlje tett in tbe cummooities of flare ano bempc : it peeloes alfo ljiDes f bonie,ano 
 toare, %\)t Flemings tbere fomctimes bao a boufc of Sparcbanoije, but bp reaton tbat tbep bfen 
 tbe like til Dealing tljere.tobtclj tbep Dio toitb UfttbeploUtbeirpiiuiUpjes, a reflitution tobereof 
 tbep earnettlp fueo fo? at tlje time ujat outmen toere tbere. 'ButtbofeFlemingsbcaringof tbe wtimmrp 
 arriuaU of our men in tbofe parts , to?ote t(jeit letters to tbf Cmpcrour agat'nft tljem , accufing "J,*? *'«™J a 
 
 io themtoj piratsanDtoueris,toiujing IjimtoDetaine.anDtmpjifontljem.SBbirbtliingstobentbep onrnun. 
 it, toere knotoen of our men^tljtp concerned feare,tl)at tbep fljouto neuer baue returned Ijome. lout 
 it tiie<£mperottrbelceuingrathercbeiKwgsletters, tobtcljourmenb^ousljt, tljen t^elpinganB 
 t feIfefttgpjeuionsoftbeFJcmings,bfeDnoillintre<ttietotoarDSt^em. 
 •:: 
 
 Yeraflaue. 
 
 VT Era fl auc alfo is a €otone of fome poo fame,fb? tbe?ommoDities of Ijiots,tafloto,au6 cojne, 
 1 tobicb it peelbes in great abtmoance. Cakes of toare are tbere alfo to bee foloe, altbougjj 
 ti otber places baue greater Co?e: tbis Yeraflaue is DtSant from Mofco.about ttoo buftDjeo miles: 
 U mtDbettoirt tljem are manp populous billagcs^beir fields pztln fuclj tro je of come,t^at in con* 
 ■g oapingittotoards Mofco, fometimes in afojenoone, amanujaHfeefeuen Ijunojcd 0} eigbc 
 (J j itmo jeo fleos, going; and comming, laDcn toiclj come ano fait 80) : tlje people come a tboufano 
 I toiles to Mofco, to bup rtjat cojne,anotben carp it atoap bpou flcos: ano tljefe are tljofe people 
 m tbat Dtoell in tbe j5ojtb parts, tobere tbe coloc is fo terrible, tljat no cojne Ootlj grotee tbere, 0? 
 * &W*& 1 9& >«"cr conies to ripeneOe, Cbt commoDittes tljattbep bnngtoitbtbem,are (aft* 
 la a(!),ikiHnes, ano bides. 
 
 4 '■ Vologda. 
 

 251 
 
 g£r;,S>luina. 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, IZjchard Qhanceler* 
 Vologda. 
 
 Vologda being from Mofco, 55o.tniTcs peeloes tlje rorrrmoorties of $empc ami $ lite 
 *' 
 
 T 
 
 sdfo : altbouglj tbe greatett tto?e of f lare is folo e at Nouogrode. 
 
 Plefco. 
 
 Oe^otoneof Plcfco^ftequentetiof SQart^antsifoj thegoooffoje of tyow'eanoiHIare 
 
 tbatie peeloetb, 
 
 Colmagro. 
 
 T$e3fto?tljpartsof Ruflia peetoeberp rare ano p?eciou$fkimtcs: ano amonglltrje reft, 
 tbofepjinctpallp^icytoecalli^ableiSjtoojneaDouttljeneckessofour^oMetoojmnatw 
 Lacies: it ijatb alio gpartins fkinncs,tobite,blacke,ano reo Jfotefkinncs.fktnncsof &ares,an» 
 ermpns.ano otljcrs.tebiclj tbep call ano tcrme barbarouflp,as TJ3eucrs,8!3inres,anB Sgttnuter*. 
 Cjje fea aoiopmng,b?eeoes a cercaine beaff, tobirf) tljep call tbe Mors, tobicb feefeetb bis foofie 
 topon tbe rockcs.climing top toieb tbe belpe of big teertWbe Ruffes ijfe to take tbem/o? tbe great 
 Derttte tbat is in tljrtr tcecb, tobereof trjep make as great accompt, as toe ooe of tbe Clepbant* 
 tootb, 3Ebefe commooittcs tbep carp upon Deere s backes to tbe totone of Lampas : ano from 
 tijence to Colmagto, ano tbercin tbe wintertime, are kept great jf aires to jtlje faleoftbtm, 
 •Cljis Citte of Colmagro, femes all tbe Cbuntrep about it toitb fait, ano fait fiftj, %ty Ruffi- 
 ans alio of tbe .ttoui) parts ,teno tijtt Ijer ople, toljidj t bep call eraine,toljiclj tbep make in a riuec 
 calico H Vna, altljousb it be alfo mace elfc-tobere j ano bere tljep tofe to boile tbe toattr of tlje 
 fea,tobctcof tbep makctocrp great fio?e of fait. 
 
 Of controuerfies in Lawe,and how chey arc ended 
 
 Hitting bitberto fpoken fo muck of tfje cbiefeft Cities of Ruflla,as eke matter requireo t it re* 
 mainctrj tbat toe fpeake fometobat of tbe latocs, tbat tbe Mofcouits Doe ofr, as farre foojdj 
 as tlje fame are come to ourknotolcoge. 3If anpcontrouerGearife among tb£m,tbepartt make 
 tbeir lanclo^s JttDges in tbe matcer,anD if tbep cannot eno it, tben tbep p?eferre itto tbe spa* 
 giurateXbcplaituif crauctbof t&efaiD90agilIrate,tbatbemap baue leaue to enter lato againtt 
 bis aouerfarie : ano bauingobtatneo it,tbe officer fetcbttb tbe oefenoant, ano beatetb him ou tbe 
 Icgges.tili b2 b?ing fo?tb a furetie fo? bim : but if be be not of Gtcb creoitejas to procure a furctp, 
 tljen are bisljancs bp anofficer tieo to ijis nccke,ano bets beaten all tbe toap, till be come before 
 the 3uuge. 3£be 31uDge tben af ketb bin! (as fo? etample in tbe matter of Debt) toljetber be otoetfc 
 atipdjmgtotbeplaintife.3fbet>cniesit ) tbenfattbtbe3utige,^otocanlitbouDcnpit , :tbeticfen« 
 Dant anftoeretb,T5p an otbe : tbcreupon tijc officer i$ commaunoeo to ceafe from beating of Ijtm, 
 tonttll tbe matter be further trico. 'SLbf pbatte no Latopers, but euerp man is i)i$ otone Souocate, 
 anabotlj tbr complaint of tlje accufcr,ano tbe anftoete of tbe Defenoant,are inmaner of petition; . 
 celiuereo to tbe Cmperottr, intreating iufttce at Ijis bancs, Hbc Smperour bimfelfe bearertj cue* 
 rp great controttrrltc,anD upon the bearing of it,giuetb iuogement, ano that toitb great equitie, 
 tobicb 31 take to be a t&mgtoo jtbp of fpeciall commenoation,in tbe SfJaieffie of a p?ince. 35ut al* 
 tbougbbeooe rbistoitbagcoQpurpofeof mino.pet tbe corrupt ^agiCratesootoonDerfulIpper* 
 ttert tlje fame : but if tlje £-mpcrour take tljem in anp fault, be ooet| pntttj tbem moft feuerelp, 
 5aoto at tlje lau\tobcn ecb panic batb ocfenoeo Ijis caufe toitb \)is bell reafons^tljcHuoge ccman* 
 oetlj of tbe accufcr,tobrtbc r be Ijatb anp mo?e to fap fo? bimfelfe : beanftoeretb.tbat be brill trie tbe 
 matter in figbtbp bis Cbampton,o?clfeintreatctb, tbat infigbtbettoirt rijemfelurs tbe mattet 
 may be enae o : toljiclj being grannteo, tbep botlj 6gbt it out : o? if botb of tbem,o? either- of tbem 
 feeme bitfit fo? tbat kinoc of triall,tben tbep baue publike Champions tobe bireo,tobicb litte bp en« 
 Ding cf quarrels, Ojefe Cbam4)ions arc armeo toitb P?on ares,ano fpeares, anb figbt on foote, 
 anobe toljofeCbampton is ouercome.isbp ano bp taken, ano imp?ifoneo, ano terrtbip banoleo, 
 bntill be agree toitb ijts aouerfarie, TSutii eitljcr of tbem be of anp gooo calling, ano Degree,ann 
 ooc cbaHenge one anotljer to figbt,tlje Juoge grantecb tt:in tobiclj cafetljep map not bfe publike 
 Cljawpions, 9no betljat is of anp gooo birtb,ootlj contemnetbeotljer,tf bebebafeIpbo?ne,anB 
 toil not figbt toitlj bim. 31f a poo?e manljappen to groto in oebt,bis Creoito? takes bim,fr maketd 
 ^im.pap tbe ocbt,in too?femg eitber to ljimfelfe,o ? to fbme otfjer man,tobofe toages be taketlj op, 
 ano tbere are fome among tljem, tljat bfe toillinglp to make t&emfelues, tljeir toiues, ano cbfl* 
 
 ojen 
 
^aa — i ■ — — • ■ " a i .. . .. =-a — ~ 
 
 T^ich.Qhancelour. TraffiqueSjandDifcoueries. 253 
 
 men, bonoflaues unto etc b men, t o Ijaue a little money at the fir a into tbeir banos,ano To to? cites 
 after content tljemfclues toitb mcate a»D ojinfec : fo little accompc ooe tbep make of liberties 
 
 Of punifliments vpon theeues. 
 
 If anp jtwn be taken bpon comicting of tbeft,be is imp?ifoneD,ano often beaten,fcut not bangeo 
 fo? tlje firfl offence,as tlje mannec ts toitb os : ano this tfiep call n)e latoe of mcrcie, Jj?e tljat 
 offence th the fecono time Ijattj bis nofe cut off,ano is burnt in tlje fo?ebeao tottb a bot v ?on. ^be 
 tbiro time.be is bangeo. ^bere ace manp cutpurfes among tbem,ano if tbe rigour of the ]9?ince 
 Bio not cut them off, tljep coulo not be auopoeo. 
 
 Of their religion. 
 
 Ttyep mafntaine tbe opinions of tlje (Srecbe Church : tbcp fuffer no grauctt (mages of faints 
 in tbeir Chitr clje s , but their pictures pain t eo in tables tljep Ijaue in great abunoance, tohtcb- 
 tbcp bo ao ci ?e ano offer unto , ano burne toare canolea befo?e tbem,ano cafl bolp mater bpon tbem, 
 toiiboutother honour, ^bep fap tljat our images toljicb are fct bp in Cburcbcs,anci cartteo, bane 
 no oiuinitie intern, 3!n tbeir pjiuate Ijoufcs they hauc images fo? their boufbolD faints, anofo? 
 the moll part, tbep are put in tljeoarkefiplaceoftbe boufe: Ijee that comes into bis neighbours 
 boufc both fir 3 falute bis faints,ali Ijc ttfjb be fee them not,3f anp fco?me o? floole flano in bis toap, 
 bee oftentimes beatetb bis b ?o toe bpon tbe fame, ano often Ducking ootone tottlj bis beao,ano bo* 
 Dp, too?ftjippetb tljechicfeamage. Wit Ijabite, ano attire of tbe l&icfis, ano of tbe Hap men, 
 both nothing at all Differ : as fo? marriage, it is fu?biDDcn to no man : onelp tbisis rereiueo 
 anobclDamon£ttthemfojarttIe,ano cutcome.tbatif a 19?ieffs totteooeoie, bemapnotmarrp 
 againe, no? take a fecono toife : ano tberefoje tbep of fecular ip?iefls,as tbep call thcm,are maoe 
 S@onkes,to tohom tljen cljaffitie fo? euer is commanoco. ■Cbeir biuine fcruicc is all none ano fato 
 in tbeir otone language , trjat euerp man map bnocrftano it : tbep recetue tbe &o?os Supper 
 mitt) leaueneo b?eao, ano after tlje confecration , tbep carrp it about tbe Cburcb in a fauce r, ano 
 pjobibite no man from receiuing ano taking of it, that is Drilling fo to coe, ^Dljrp bfe bctb tlje 
 SDloe ano tlje Jfretoe tEcliament, ano reao both in tbeir otone language, but fo confufeolp, tljat 
 tbep themfeluestbat ooe reaoe, bnoertcanonotnibattbemfelueSDoe fap : ano tobile anp part of 
 either % eflament is reao, there is libertie giucn bp cuftome to p?atcle, talke,' ano make a noife: 
 tut in tbe time of tlje reft of tbe ferutce tbep bfe berp great Clence ano reuerence, ano bebaue 
 tbemfeluesberpmooetllp,anoingooorojt.astoucbingtbelLo?bsp?aier,tbetent()manamongft 
 tbcmknouicsitnot: ano fo? tbe articles of our faith, ano thetcncomrriar.ocnients.no man, 0? 
 attbeleatttoerpfctoeof tbcm ooecicljerknoto them o?canfap them: tbeir opinion is, tljat fuclj 
 fecrcte ano halp things as tbcp are fljoulo not rafljlp ano impjuoentlp be communicatee toitb the 
 common people, tZLljcp holoe fo? a Cjjjapime amongfl tbem, tljat tbe oloe Latoe, ano tbe commas 
 Dements alfo are abolifijeo bp the oeatb ano blooo of Clnift : all fluoies sno letters of bumanitie 
 tbcpbtcerlprefufe: concerning tlje Latine,<$rceke, ano l£>eb?cto tongues, tbep arealtogetljer 
 igno?antintbem. 
 
 «5ucrp pcere tbcp celeb?ate fott?c feuerall faffes,tobtcb tbep call arcojomg to tbe names of tbe 
 feaintsubefittt bcgtnnes n)itljtbem,attbetimetbatourtcntbeginnes. %\t fecono is calico 
 amonglrtbem the faQ of S.Peter. 'S.betbiro is taken from tbe oap of tbe Virgin Marie. 3no tbe 
 fourth ano latl begins upon S.Philips day. iDttt as toe begin our JLcntoponazaconefoap, fo tljep 
 begin ibcics Upon the &unoap. Jlpon tbe giaturoap tbep eate fleOj : tobenfoeuer anp of tbofe 
 fatting featfesooeo?atoeneerc, Jooke tobattoeekeootbimntcDiatlpgoe befo?etljem, the fame 
 toeekctbep line altogether bpon tobite mcatcs, ano in tbeir common language tbep call tbofe 
 toeekes, the fatt of 15ucter. 
 
 3n the time of tbeir fads, the neighbours euerp tobere goe from one to atrotber.ano biftte one 
 anotljer,anoktfrcone anotbertoitbkittesof peace, in token of their mutuall loue ano Cbjifltan 
 conco?o : ano tben alfo tbep ooe mo?e often then at anp otber time ccoe to tbe bolp Communion, 
 anhenfeuenoapes are pafi, from tbe beginmngef tbe faff,tbcn tbep ooe often either goe to tbeir 
 Churcbes,o?keepe tbemfelues at bome.ano bfe often pjaper t ano fo? tbat feuennigbt tbep eate 
 nothing but beatbes: but after tljat feuennigbts fall is once pafl.tben tljep re turne to tbeir olo in* 
 temperanctcof o?inking,fo? tbep are notable tofpots. 3s fo? tbe keepingof tbeir fatting oapes 
 tbcp ooe it berp ttreigbtlp, neither ooe tbep eate anp thing belioes bearbes, ano fait 80), as long 
 as tbofe fatting oapes ooeenoure: but upon euerp ([Oeonefbap ano jfrioap, in euerp toeeke 
 tbjougbout tlje peere, tbep faff, 
 
 3? %%%xi 
 
! !: 
 
 254. 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, 'Rich. Qbancelour. 
 
 'E.ljere are oecp manp^onaitertes of tbe ojoer ot S.bcnedic-t, aiuouaft tfccm,to toljiclj manp 
 great liuiugs,fo? tbeir maintenance,Doe belong : fo? tlje friers ano tlje sponfces Doe at tljeleait 
 poffefTe tbe tljicB pawof tfeeliuingiS,tl)?ougbout tlje tuljole S^ofcotute'Smptre.^o tfjofc apDitfecs 
 tljat ace of tljts o?Dcr,tbece is amongft tftem a pcryetuaUp?dI)ibuion,tljat t^ep map eate no flcftj: 
 mm tbercfoje tljeic meatc is onelp fait fillj, milkc,anD butter : tieitljcr is it pcrmittrD tljcm bp the 
 latoes, ano euttomesof tfjett; religions tate anp freflj fiftj at all : ano at tljofe fotire falling time?, 
 tobcreoftoefpa&ebefoje.tbepeatcnofiuj at all: onelp tljep line toitljljcatbcs , anD cucttmbers, 
 toljiclj tljep ooe continuallp fdj tbat ptirpofe taufe ano tafee ojoer to groto ano fpjing.fe 1 tbeir bfe 
 auooiet. a . . . :■ 
 
 Sis foj tbeir Dy;nke,tc is bcrp toeahe.ano flnalUf oj tbe DiTcljarge of tljcir offtce^Ijep do cucrp 
 Dap fnp fcruicc,ano tljat earlp in tlje mornings before Dap: anD tljep Doe tn fucb fojt, ana toitb fucb 
 obferuation begin tfjeir ferutce 3 tljat tbep toill befure to mafee an enoe of it, before Dap : ano about 
 # Mf - nine of tlje clocfte intfjemojning tbep celebrate tbe Communion, SEtljcn tljep bauefo Done, tljep 
 
 goe to Dinner,anD after Dinner tbep goe again c to feruice.anD the like alfo after fupper : anD in tlje 
 rn.eane.tvme tootle tljep are at Dinner tljere is fomeerpofitionej interpretation of tbefiSofpelbfeo. 
 
 (labenfocuer anp abbot of anp monaflerie Dietlj, tlje €mpcrour takctlj all his boutboloe 
 fiuffc.bcaftcSjflocUcsofujccpe.golDc, (titter, ano all tbat be batb: oj els bee tljatis tofuccecoe 
 bim in Ijis place ano oignicie ootbreoeeme alltbofe tbiugs, anD bupctlj tljem of tlje Cmperour 
 foj monep, 
 
 tljeir cburcljcs are built of timber, anD tbe totoers of tljeir cljurcbes fo? tbe moflpart are to« 
 tterco toitb fbinglc boojees. St tlje coo?cs of tljeir cburcljcs, tbcp tofuallpbuilo fome entrance o j 
 pojclj as toe Doe,anD in tbeir cburcljparDes tljep erect a certaine Ijoufe of ujood , tobera'n tljep fct 
 Dp tbeit bels,toberein fometimes tbcp Ijauc but one.tn fome ttoo,ano in fome alfo tljjee. 
 
 Cljere is one bfc anD cuttome amongtt tbem.toljicb is flrange anD rare.btit pet it is oerp riou 
 cttlous,anDtbat istljis ttoljen anprnanopetbamongfl tljem.tbeptafce tbe ocaoboop ano put it in 
 a coffmc 0! cbeft\ano in tlje Ijnno of tlje co?ps t Ijcp put a litle fcroule, $ in tlje fame tljcrc arc tljefe 
 too?ocs to j.ittcn,cljat tbe fame man Dieo a Rude of Ru fles, bauing rcceiueo tbe faitb , ano Dieo in 
 tlje fame. 'SLljt'S touting oj letter tljep fap tljep feno to §>.Peter,tobo receiuing it(as tljep affirme) 
 reaDesMnDbpanDbpaDmitsbimtnto^cauctijanD ujatbis glojp ano place is (jtsljec anogrea* 
 tec tbeit tljcglojp of tbeCbjiflians oftbe Hatinetljurcb,reputing tbcmfelttrs to be follotocrs of a 
 mo jeCncere faitb anD religion then tljep: tljep boln opinion tljat toe are but Ijalfe Cbjittians, ano 
 tbemfeluesonelp'to be tbe true ano perfect cburcb : tbefe are tlje fooliuj anocljiloiuj Dotages of 
 fucb ignorant ^abarians. 
 
 Of the Mofcouites that are Idolaters, dwelling 
 
 ncerc to Tartarut, 
 
 A U niTttuia,oj »-pij)ere is a certaine part of Mofcouie bo joeringbpon tbe countrcps oftbe Tartars, toberitt 
 JL tljofe Spofcouites tbat Dtoell arc berp great ioolatersttljepbaue one famous ioole amongd 
 tbem,tobtcb tbep call tbe ©oloenolo toife:? tljepbaue a cuCame tbat tobenfocuer anp plague o? a* 
 up calamitieootb afflict tbe countrep.as bunger.toarre.o? fucb lifee, tben tljep goe to tonfult toitb 
 tljeir iool.toljicb tbep do after tbte manet ♦. tljep fall Doton pjoflrate before tlje iool,$ p?ap bnto it, 
 ^ptttintbepjefence of tlje fame,acpmbal:ffabout tbe fame certaine perfonsffaiiD.toljtclj arc cbo« 
 fen amongfl tbem bp lot : upon tljeir cpmball tljev place a Bluer tooe, anD founo tlje cpmball, ano 
 to toljomfoeuer oftbofe letteo perfons tbat tooe goctb, bets taltcn, ano bp anD bp flainc r ano im« 
 meDiatelp,31 feno to not bp tobat illufions oftbe oeutll.o? toole ,fje is agatne reflo?eo to life , 9 tljen 
 Dotlj reucale ano oeliuer tbe caufes of tlje p jefent calamitie. 9nD bp cbigt meanes knotoing Ijoto 
 to pacific tlje (Dole.tljcp are Deliuereb front tbe imminent Danger. 
 
 Of the forme of their priuate houfes, and of the 
 apparell of the people. 
 
 Tfyt common boufes of tbe countrep are euerp tobere built of beames of jftrre tree : t^t 
 lotoer beamesDoeforecetuetljerounDbolotoneffeof tbcbppermoa, tbat bp tlje meanes of 
 tbe builoing tljereupon, tbep refifl.ano ejcpell all toinos tbat bloto,ano tobere tbe timber is ioineo 
 togecljewbere tbep flop tlje rbinfcs toitb mofle.^be fo?me 9 faOjion of tbeir boufes in al plates is 
 foure fquare, toitljflreitanD narroto toinDotocs.toberebptoitba tranfparent cafementmaDc 
 0} couereDtoitbftinneliketoparcbment,tbepreceiue tljeligbt. tkberoofes of tbeir Ijoufcsare 
 maoe of booiosi couereo toitbout toitb v barkeoftrees; toitbin tbeir Ijoufcs tbep bane benrfjf s 0? 
 
 grieves 
 
 Xclonbaba. 
 
The Emperors letter. TrafFiques,and Diicouenes. 255 
 
 gnejcs hatD lip cbcit toals, tobicb commoulp cbep lieepc topoii,foj tljc common people knotoc not 
 the bfc of bens : they Ijaue Cooues Uifjevetn in the morning tljcp matte a 8re,am> the fame fire Dctfj 
 eithermoDcratelp toarme.o? make berp bote the tobolc boufe. 
 
 "Clje apparcll of the people foj'tljc moft part is mace of toooll, tljcir caps are picket) like onto a 
 rifee oj Diamona.bjoaD beneath, ano (harpe bptoaro, Jn the maner of making tohereof, there is a 
 CgneanDrep?efentationofnobilitie:fojthelofttero;! higher tljcir crpsare, tlje greater is their 
 birth Cuppofeo to be, ano the greater re uerence is giticn them bp tbe common people. 
 
 The Conclufion to Queene Marie, 
 
 Cpefe are tbe tbmgs mod erceitent Slucene, toljicb pour gmbtccts netoTp tcttir* 
 net) from Ruffia haue brought home concerning tbe Gate of that countrep: tobcr* 
 fo je if pour mateaie (ball be fauourable , ano grant a continuance of tbe trauell, 
 tbere is no Doubt btit tbat the honour ano renouime of pour name toill be fpjfD a* 
 mongtt thofe nations, tohereuntotl#ee onelp noble perfonages from tbeberie 
 creation baue bao accefle, to tohom no man hath bene comparable. 
 
 The copie of the Duke of Mofcouie and Emperour of %ufih 
 his letters, ftnt to King Edward the fixt, by the hands of Richard 
 Cbancelottr. 
 
 ^c&lnrigrjtppotoerofiSoo, anotbe incomp?ehennblehoIp^rtmtte,right< j^SSr 
 fuil£lnulianbeliefe,sc. 223e great Duke luan Vafiliuich, bpthe grace of iohnrhpfomte 
 (Sou great Io?Dano€mpero? of allRuifijj great Duke of Volodemer.Mof- ofB,filu,s ' 
 
 co, anD Nouograd,fihlg Of Kazan,&mg of Aftracan^ojD of PIcsko,ano great 
 J Ottke of Smolensko,of Twerria,Ioughoria,Permia, Vadska, Bulghoria, ann 
 ' thcrs, lo jd ano great Duke of Nouograd in the loto countrep, of Chernigo, 
 Rezan,Polotskoy, Roftoue, YaruflaueIey 3 Bealozera, Liefland, Oudoria, Obdoria, auD Goii- 
 denfa,Commancer of all Sibcria.ano of tbe jaojtb parts, ann lojo of manp other countries, gree- 
 ting. 13efo?eaIl,rigbt great ano toojtbp of honour Edwaid JSing of England $c. accojoingto 
 our mott heartp ano gooo ?eale,toitb gooD intent ann frienolp t>eftre,$ accojoing to our holp Cbjtf 
 Diau faiths great gouernance,^ being in the light of great bnDeeBaoing.our anftoere bp this our 
 honourable tonting onto pour kinglpgouernance, at therequettof pourfaitbfull feruant Ri- 
 chard Chancelour,U3ith bis companpjastbeplballletpoutoifelpknoui.ts this, 3In tbeffrengtb 
 of the ttoentictbpeeieof ourgouernance, be it knotoen,tbat at otirfea coaffesarriueoalbtppc, 
 toith one Rich ard, ann his companie, ano fapD,tbat bee toas oeurous to come into our Dominions, 
 ami accojoing to his requeu\hath fcene our gpaieUie, ano | our epes s ann hath oeclareD bnto tos ^ m te> tom 
 pour S^aiellies DeGre, as that toe fhoulo grant bnto pour fubiccts,to goe ano cotnc,anD in our DO' *>«o "w jnt* 
 minions,anb among our fubiects.to frequent free 9^arts,totth all fojtes of marchanDijeSiano bp- cnce * 
 onthefametobauetoaresfojtheirreturne, 3no thep bane alfo belitterebbs pour letters, tobiclj 
 Declare the fame requefl, 3no hereupon toe haue gitten o?oer, that toherefoeuer pour faithful fet- 
 uant Hugh Willoughbie lano 0} touch in our Dominions, to be toel entertaineo,toljo as pet is uot 
 atriueD,as pour feruant Richard can Declare. 
 
 3no toe toi tb Cljjittian belicfe ano faitl)fu!nes,anD acco jbtng to pour honourable requeff, ano 
 m? honourable commanDcmenttoillnotleaueit bnoone: ano are furthermore billing that pou 
 fenn bnto bs pout fl)ips ano betTels, tohen ano as often as the? map baue patTagc, toith gooD alTu-- 
 ranceonourparctofecthemharmelelie. 9nDifpou fenDoneofpour maieaiescottnfeltotreatc 
 toith bstoberebp pour countrep marrijants map toith all kinDsoftoares.anotobere thep toil! 
 make their market in our Dominions, thep (hall haue their frceSJDarte toith all free liberties 
 through mptohole Dominions toith all kinoe of toaresto comeano goe at their p!cafure,toithout 
 anp let,Damage 0? impeDimcnt,acco?Ding to this our letter .our too?D ano our fcale tobicb toe baue 
 commaunDeD to be bnoer fealeo. Sltritten in our Dominion , in our citie anD our palace in tlje ca« 
 Bleof Mofco,in tbe pearc 7060, the feconD moneth of tf ebmarp, 
 
 Chis letter toastontten in the Spofcoutan tongue,in letters much like to the ©reckelctters^ 
 berpfatreto?itteninpaper,toithabjoao fcale hanging at the fame, fealeo in paper bpontoarr, 
 ■^bis feale toas much like p b?oaD feale of Engl and.bauing on the one fine the image of a man cs 
 hoifeback in complete harneu"e fightingtoith a Dragon. iUnoer this lettcrtoas another pfipertout« 
 ten in the Dutch tongtte,tohicb toas the interpretation of rtjc other tojittcn in the gpofcouian let* 
 ters. ^befe letters toere fentthe nertpere after the Date of king Edwards letters, 1554. 
 
 JD % the 
 
156 
 
 TheEnglifti Voyages, fohn Haffe. 
 
 J^OtOIIKSOf 
 golb in Ruilu, 
 imralloffimcr 
 
 ■Sl:e totifltjts 
 inRuflia, 
 
 CfiPtBtigtitof 
 
 •SHbrRuffiamca' 
 
 funs. 
 
 ThecoineSjWeightsandmeafuresvfedin ^ifia, written 
 
 by Iohn Hafle , in the yere, 1554. 
 
 Cjafmuctj asit is mott ncceffarp fo? al marrams tofticlj feckc to Ijauc traffique 
 tiianplIr.nngcrcgionsJrtttoacqHattittljefeluestottljtIjeroiitcsoftljofi'laiiDa 
 toitljtobicb tbep Do tntcno toiopncin traffique,anD hoto tbep arc calico from the 
 ualnation of tlje bighefl piece to the Iotoeu\ano in tohat fojt ibep maketheit.pai* 
 mentis, as slfb uiljat their common toeigbtS anb mcafurcs be: foj tbcfe cauies 31 
 hatte thought gooo to tou'te force thing tbereof accojoing to mine otone knoto* 
 kopje aim erperienccjto tlje eno that tlje marchants of tljat neto aDuenture map tlje better bnoer* 
 trans boto tlje toealtb oftfeat netofrequenteo traoe toillarife, 
 
 5firtt,itt8tobe noteOtbattbeC-mperour of Rufliabath no other coines then filuer in an Iji's 
 l^naitoljicljpftljfo?paimentamongflmercljants J pctnotteitijCani)ing 1 tl)crcisacmne of copper, 
 tobtcb feructb fo? tlje rcliefeof the poojx in Mofco,$ no tobere elS,anD that is but onlp foj quaflc, 
 toatcr auo fruit,as nuts, apples, ano fuclj other lifce. 3lbc name of tobicb monep is calico pole 
 0? U3olcs,of tobicb poles tljcre goe to tlje leatt of tlje ftliicr co»ies,i 8,H3ut 3! totll not Cairo spou 
 this, bccanfe it is no cur can t mouep among merchants. 
 
 2Df filuet coines there be th?ce fojtcs of pieces: tlje leatt is a Poledenga, tljcfecono a Denga, 
 tlje iljiro,Nowgrote,tobicb is asmuclj to fap in Cngliflj as balfcpcnie, purie, anc tuiopcnce, ano • 
 fo? otljcr baltieo monep tljen tbis,tbere is none: tljere are oftentimes tljcre coim s of golo,but tljcp 
 come out of fcnrein countr eps,toljereof tljcre is no ojoinatie balttation.but tljf p palTc acceding to ' 
 tbe agreement of merchants. 
 ^Ijeir o?Dcr in fumming of monep is this : as toe ftp in <£ngl?,nD,haIfpentc ; pcnie, frilling ano 
 
 pottttBjfO fap thep Poledenga, Denga, AltineatTD Rubble: ©Ijerc gOEtlj tiBoPoledengastOa 
 Denga.Or Dengaes to an Altine,anO 2 3 Altines,ano ttoo Dengaes to a Rubble, 
 
 Concerning the toeigbts of Ruflia tbep arc tljefe: inhere are ttoo fojts of pounos in bfe amogtt 
 thcm,tlje one great ,p otber fmall : tlje great pouno is iutt ttoo fmall potinos j tbep call the great 
 toeialit bp the name of Beafemar,ano tbe final thep call tlje Skalla toeigbt: toitljtljis fmal toeigljt 
 tljeptoeiglj tljtic Gluer coines, of tlje tobicb the ©mpcro j bath commanoco to put to euerp fmali 
 pouno tb?ee Rubbles of Blncr.anDtoitlj the fame toeigljt thep toeigh all ©rocerie toares, ano ai- 
 mott al oti^er toarcs tobicb come into the lano.ercept tbofe tobicb tljep toeigb bp the Pode,as hops 
 falt,iron,leao,tinne ^ batrie toitlj oiuerS others , nottoitbttanotng tljcp bfe to ttetgljbatrie moje 
 of ecu bp the fmall toeight tljen bp the great, 
 
 OUbenfocucr pou fino tbe prices of pour toares rateo b]> the Pode,canGcer that to be the g: cat 
 tocigljt,ano tlje pouno to be tbe fmaH,9lfothcpoiuioe the fmaHpouno into 48 patts 3 ano tbep call 
 thecigbtanDfojtiethparta Slomike, bp the tobicb Slotnike tije retailers fell their toares out of 
 their fljops, as <BolDfmitbs,<Srocers,^)ilhcfcllers ano fuclj other lihe astoeooebferaretaile 
 bp tbe ounce : ano as foj their great toeigljt ttbicb tljcp cal tbeBeafema^thep fclbp poDco? fljip* 
 pono. Zl)t pooe Doth containe of tlje great toeigbt,4o potinos,anD of tlje fmal 80: tljere goe 1 o, 
 poDestoaujipponb, 
 
 ^et pottmutt confiocr that their ctreat toeigljt is not full toitb ours : fo? 31 take not their great 
 pouno to be full 1 3 ounces,but aboue 1 231 thinfce it be, 15 tit foj pour iuft pjoofe, toeigh 6 Rub- 
 bles otRufli a monep to ith our pouno toeigljt.ano then Ojal pott fee tobat it lacbctlj: fo? 6 Rubbles 
 of RuiTia is bp tlje Cmpero^s CanoerD ; the great pouno: fo that 3! tbinfee it tlje nert toap to knoto 
 the iutt u]aight,astoell of tlje great pouno as of tlje final!. 
 
 -Ebcre is another toeigljt neeofttll to be knotoen, tohicbi«tl)e toeigljt of SBarDfjoufe, fojfa 
 much as tljcp toeigh all tljeir o?ie ftftj b^ toeight, toljiclj toeight is the Beafemar, as thep of Ruflia 
 Doe bCe,nottoitljttanomg tljere is anotljcrfojte in it: the names of tljofetoeigljts arctljcfe: the 
 marbcponnDjthegreatpounDjthetocicanDtheujippono. 'SfjemarhepottnoistobcbntierlTooo 
 as our pouno,ano tljeir great pouno is 24oftljeirmarkepounO:tljetoc!eis 3 great pouno, ano 8 
 tocieisaujippouno. • 
 
 3i5oto concerning their mcafures. 9sthephauettoofo?tesoftoeigljts, fotbtphaue alfottoo 
 fo?tcsofmeafurcs : toberctoith tljepmeafure cloth botlj unnenanotoallen: thep cal tlje one an 
 arcujtne, anb tljeotberaLocut : the Srcftjine a take to bee as much astbe Flanders ell,ano 
 theifIocutljalfcani£ngliujparo:toithtljeir 9rcujinethcpmapmctealIfucljfo?tsofclotl;esaS 
 come into tlje lano.ano toitlj tlje locttt all fuclj clotlj both linnen ano tooflcn, astbep make tljnm 
 fclues, 9no toljcreas toe bfe to giuc paro ana inch.o? pare ano ljanofulI,tbcp Do gtue nothing but 
 bacemeafurc, 
 
 €hc? 
 
Iohn Hajfe. _Trafrjques,& Difcouenes. 257 
 
 fp €bep baue alfo a meafure tu!;cre wiib tbep Doe mete their to m .tub ich th e p cal a Set fcm b,an d 
 th c b alf e of t&ac an 2D finme : this S c t fo? th 3[ take take to bee tljjcc bufljel s of London meafure. 
 9nD as fo? tljcir n ?inke meafure,tbep call it a Spatmc .tobich is much Itke a bucfcc t , auD of that 31 
 Settee fan) anp (rue rate, but 1 1) At feme to as greater then other tome. 9no as fo ? the mcafi tress of <sn« mcarurt 
 ^arDhoufetoheretoitbthcpmet£tbeirdotb,thrceisw Stl^ts«« 
 
 of Dans kc.tob ich is balfe an Cngliuj ell, wcarurc or 
 
 . Cocettiing tlje tolles i cuttomsof Ruflia,it teas repojteo to mem Mofcouia,tbat the 'Curkes Danik<: ' 
 ano Armenians pap the tenth penie cuttome of all the toares thep tying into the €mpero?s lano, *j« srurnre 
 anoabottetbattbeppapfo?aUfuc()goot)0asitbepte)eip^attljei£niperour3beame, ttoo pence of mvEra? 
 the Ruhble,tohicb p bupcr 0? feller mud make re po?t to of tbe Smaller of tbe beamc : thep alfo pap fl011 "- 
 a certaine ljo?retoli,tohicb is mowers places of his Kealme foure pence of a bo?fe, ^ <£mve , 
 
 Che Dutch nation are free of this : nottoithftanDing fo? certaine offences , tljcp ban loll their k>js a«amt." 
 p?tm!cDgcB toijieh tbep faatte recotiereo this Summer to their great charge. 3lt teas re po?te'o to 
 me bp a 3iuffice of that eountrep, that theppaieofo?ittbirtie tboufano ftubbles,anb alfo that Wf>"W"*- 
 Rye,jDorptcanoRcuelbauepeclDei> themfclues bnoer tbe gouernmetrtof theCmperourof pjuVtig»,g 
 Ruifia : mother thi« mas a b?agge of tbe Ruffes 0? not,3! kuo to not, but thus be fapD,anD in oeto EKmhS? 
 toljiless toe toere tijerc, therecame a great ^mbalfaoour out of Liefland, fo? tbe aflurance of tljcir fomnu. 
 jjjiuflebges. 
 
 Co fpcake fometohat of the eornmooities of this countrep,it is to be bnberftoob , that there is 
 acertainepiaccfourefco?emtlcsfromthcS£a calico Colmogro: totohicb place there refo?ee && tommo* 
 alltheftytcs of ^ares that are in the .*|2o?tb parts, as £DpIes,Salt,Stockfi(b, Salmon, jfc* <"««»»' Ruffia - 
 thers ano ffutres: their Salt thep make of falttoatcrbp tbe fea fine: their ©pics tbep make of 
 Seales.tobereof thepbaue great Boje tobich is brought out of tbe Bap tobereour Ihippescamc 
 fo :thep make it in tbe Spring of tlje peere,ano tying it to Colmogro to fell, ano the merchant? 
 there carte it to Nouogrodc,antifo fell it to tbe Dutch nation. Chen; Stockefiftj ano Salmon 
 tommeth from a place calico Mallums , not farre from ffiMaroljoufe : their Salmon ano their 
 Salt tbep carrie to Mofco, ano theirtyicfiujttbep carrieto Nouogrode, ano fell it there to the 
 iieflanoers. 
 
 tthe JFurres ano § etberstofaiefc come to Colmogro,as Sables.Beaners, Sources, Ermine, 
 lettis,<Sraies,^[looluermgB > anotohite5fores,toith Deere fkinnea, tbep are tyougbt tljither, 
 BptbemenofPenninge,Lampas, anoPowftezer, tobich fetch them from tlje Samoedcs that 
 ate counteo fauage people: ano the merchant s that b ling tbefe jfurres Doe bfe tc truckc toitb the 
 merchants of Colmogro fo? €loth,®inne,T5atrie,^fuchotljerlike,ano tbe merchants of Col- 
 mogro carte them to NouogrodejVologda.ojMofco,^ fell tljemt^ere. Che f etbers tohicrj 
 tome from Penning tbep ooe little efteeme, 
 
 afourmercijamsooticfiteto knoto the meetefl place of RufHa fo?theffanbingljoufe 5 inmiue 
 opinion 31 take it to be Vologda.tobicb is a great totone ttanoing in tbe heart of Ruffia , toitb ma* 
 np great ano gooo totons about tt.^here is great plentie of come,nictuals, ano of all fuch toares 
 as are raifeo in Rufland, but fpeciallp, flare, tiempe,talloto ano bacon: there is alfo great floje of 
 toare,but it commetb from tlje Mosko. 
 
 Wye totone of Vologda is meeteafo?ourmarchants,becaufe itlietbamongett all the belt va^a»mttnt 
 totons ofRuflia,an» there is no totone in Ruflia but traces toith it: alfo thetoaterisagreatcom s tt«t««H««of. 
 moDitietoit. 31f thep plant tljemfeluesin Mofcooj Nouogrode,tfaeir charge toillbegreatano 
 toonoer full , but not fo tn Vologda : fo? all things toill there be hao better cljeape bp the one &alr*. 
 flno fo? their bent,3l kttoto no place fo meet, 31 1 is likelp that fome toill tbinke ^ Mosko to be the 
 meeteS bp tbe reafonof the court, but bp that reafou 31 take it to be tooojfe : foj tlje charge there 
 tooulo be fo great bp crauets ano erpenfee, tljat the moitie of tlje pjofite tooulo bee tobollp confu= 
 meB.tohich in the other place toill bee faueo. 3no pet nottoithflanoingourmarcljantsmapbce 
 there in the S&inter to ferae the €mperour ano his court, Che Cmperour is a great mardbant vtit empcm 
 btmfelfe of toare ano fables, tobich toitb gooo fo jeflgbt map bee ptocureo to their bancs: as fo? o> of Mofcouie '» 
 ther commooities there are litle 0? none in Mofcouia, beOtieB thofe aboue rebearfeo : tftiber^ bee SSftf "* 
 other , it is b wugbt thiiher bp the Curkes,toho toill be oaintie to bup our clotljes conftoerinj the 
 charges of cariage ouer lano. 
 
 ©ur marcbants map ooe toell to pjom'oe fo? tlje KuBes fuch toaresas the Dutch nation Doeth 
 fcruethemof.as Flanders ano Holland rtothes,tohicb3i beleeue,tbepfljalferuebettcr ano toitlj "" 
 leffe charge then thep of Rye o? Dorpt, 0? Reuel : fo? it is no final aouenture to b?ing their clothes 
 ont of Flanders to either of thefeplaces,anD their charge not litle to carp them ouer lance to No- 
 oogtode, toljich, is from Rye nine Ijunojeo Ruffian miles. 
 
 2 J Chia 
 
 
258 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, QJdaries letters* 
 
 
 Chi* Nouogrodc is a place tod furntlbco toitlj flar e, OOare, ilp toes, talloto ano man? ctbft 
 things : the belt flare in Ruflia is brought ttuljer ano tljere fold lip cl>e JjtintJ?eo b uneieg,ia)^icl) is 
 done alfo at Vologda.ano tgep that bung tbe flaw to Nouogrode,otoell as neere Vologda , as 
 Nouogrode,anDtoIjcnt(jcpljcarcoftIjcUttccanceU)^cljtl)cpmap^auetoiti)Oiirnatton,t^eptoU 
 astoillinglpcoimtorfjcmasr^ctootljcr,. 
 
 Cbepljaue in Ruflia ttoo lb jtsof flare,tbe one is called great flare , and the otfcer finall : tbat 
 tobicb tbep call great flare is better bp fotrrerubbies in i oojranoels tben tbe fmaa : %t is mud) 
 longer then tbe other , and cleaner tottkout toooo : and tuljcreae of tbe fmall flare there goe 274); 
 28 bundles to aujippouno, theregoetbnotof rtjegteater fo?t aboue 2241? 24 at themoft* djax 
 arc man? other trifles in RuiTia, aslope, mats, $r. hut 31 thinke there toill bee no great account 
 maoeoftbem. 
 
 The letters of king Tbilip and Qucene Marie to fuan 
 
 Vafilmich the Emperour of<2tyfiia written the firft of April 
 
 1555 and in the fecon d voyage. 
 
 Hilip and Marie bp the grace of (Bot, King and ©ueene of England, France, 
 ' Naples, Ierufalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the faitb, Pjinccs of SpaineanQ 
 Sicilie, 9rcbDUfeeS Of Auftiich,DukeS Of Burgundic,MilIaine, andBrabant, 
 Counties of Hafpurgc, Flanders, and Tiroll: €0 tbe right !{>igb, right $g)igh« 
 tie, and right ercellent ipnnce, garmfljeo toitb ail gifts ef nature, bp ©00s grace 
 Iohn Vafiliuich Cmperour of all Ruflia , great Duke of Volodetner, Mofco, 
 andNouogrod,lRingof C'azan, King of Aftracan, Lo?o of Plcfco, and great Duke Of Smo- 
 lensko, Of Tueria, Joughoria, Permia,Vadska, Bulghoria, and others, iojOC and great 
 Duke of Nouogrodof tbelotoeCountrep, of Chernigo, Rezan, Polotskay, Roftouc,Ycra. 
 flaue, Bealozcra, Liefland, Oudoria, Obdoria, anC Condcnfa, Commanter of all Siberia, 
 and of tbe jQojth partes, and lojoof manp other countreps, greeting, afthereas bptbecon* 
 fent and licence of our moll near e and entirelp belouedlate bjorijer , SCtng Edward the firt,tobofe 
 foule©oo pardon, fundjieof our fubiects marcbants oftbecitie of London toithtn this our 
 realmeof Englandoioat thcircttne proper coQs ano aduenture furaiuj tlnce ujippes to oifco* 
 uer, fercb,and find lands, 3lflands, regions,and territories before tbis aduenture not knotoen, ne 
 commonlp (jaunted anofrequcntedbpfeas, ©heoneoftbetohicbthjeelbippes, namentheEd- 
 ward Bonauenture, (thereof our rigijt todlidoued Richard Chancelour toastben gouernou* 
 anogreatCaptaine)cbanccobpthe grace ofvSoo, and tbe good conduct of tbe fapoCbance- 
 lourtoarrtueandtointer mthej^thpartof pourffimpireof Ruflia, jfojafmucb astoebecre* 
 oiblp informed bp tbe report of our truflie and toelbeloueo fubiect, that pour ggtaieftte did not oat* 
 !p callbtmandcertaineofbisconipanptopourempertaU pjefence and fpeecb, entertapned ano 
 banqueted them toitb all bumanitie and gentleness but alio beingtbereuntorequefled partlpbp 
 thelettersof ourfaiob?otber,$tpartlpbp requeCoftbefapo Richard Chancelour,hauebppout 
 letters patents mtoer pour feale among other things granted: Chat all fucb marcbants as fbaU 
 come tijeb of ante ofour;realms of England oj Ireland toitbal maneroftoares,if tbep tofltrauel 
 t} occupie toitbin pour oominions,^be fame marcbants toitb their marrbanoifes in al pour lo?n« 
 fi)ipmapfreelp.",?attbcirlibettietrauaile out anointoitboutbinoerauceo? anpmaner of lofle: 
 Snoofpour farther ample goosnefle baue p?omifeo tbat our ambaflaoours, if toee fend anp, 
 fljalltoitb free good toiH paffeto anofrom pou nrithout anpljinderance ojlofle, toitb fucb mef< 
 fage as fljallcome bnto pou, and toreturne tbe fame toourkingoomes toellanftoered, as bp 
 tbe fame pour letters, tt?ittenin pour lojolp palace and Caflle of Mofco in tbe pcere 706$ 
 tbe monetb of jfebwarie mo?eat large appearetb* tine as toee cannot but mucb comment 
 pourp^incelp fauour and goodnefle, and in litte manner thanke poufo^tbeaboundant grace, 
 ertended to tbe fapd Richard Chancelour, and otbers our fubiects marcbants: Cutnfo 
 thefc are to p?ap ano requefl pou to continue tbe fame beneuolence totoard them, and other 
 our marcbants ano fubiects, tobitb doe 0? beereafter (ball refoite to pourcountrep : 9nofoj 
 tbe moje aflurance and incouragement to trade ann ercrcife tbe ftate of marcbanoifc toitft 
 pour fubiects ano all otljer marcbants toitbin your dominions, tbat it map pleafepou attbte 
 our contemplation to afltgne ano autboufe fucb CommiflarieS as pou fljall tbinke meete to 
 trade and conferre toitb our toelbeloueo fubiects ano marcbants, tbe fapd Richard Chancelour, 
 George Killingwoith,? Richard Graie, bearers of thefe our letters: to&oajebpbsautbonTeD 
 
 (0} 
 
Articles for the Agents. Trafliques i <3c Difcouenes. 259 
 
 fij;tbatpurpofe {anotoconfirmeano graunt fucb other liberties anopwuleogesbntot.Ue©^ 
 uernour,ConruIs,affiflants,anoCorrimunaltieoftbe^^ 
 
 laid bearers in tbeir name p;opone ano require bj? pou to be grantee fo ; tljetr fafe conduct, gooo 
 gouernment, ano o joer to bee erecteo ano continueo among them in pour faioe nonunions; 9m> 
 this mich fuel; pour clemencie ano erpenttton,a« luee, upon t Ijc nert arriuall of the fame Richard 
 Cfaancelourmap bee enfo;meo of pour gracious oifpoGtion ano anfroere. aEbtcb pour bene* 
 uolences fo to tee crrenoeo, toee bee minoco to requite t otoarns anp pour fubiects 90ar chants, 
 tbatlbal frequent this our realme at pour contemplation therefore to be mane. £bus right high, 
 ruj^^wdlent.ano right mig^tte.abmajbtieieoDttjejfatrjer.trje s&onneano the bolp ©bofi 
 baue pott in his bleffeo keepmg,©iuen oncer our feale at our palace of 8IleimunBer,tbe 6rtf of 
 ap?il,in tbe pere from tbe blefleo incarnation of our §>auiour Jefus €b?itf , 1 5 5 j,ann in the firtt 
 ano fecono peered of our reigned 
 
 Articles concerned and determined for the Commiflion of the 
 
 Merchants of this company rejiant in ^upa, and at the Warhoufejfor 
 the fecond voyage, 1 5 5 5. the firft of May, as followeth. 
 
 1 Jx&, tbe©ouernour, Confute, aififfantsano tobolc companp allcmbleo this 
 oap in open court, committeth ano autbojijet h Richard Gray ano George Kil- 
 
 1 lingworth,iointlp ano feuerallp to be agents*, jf acto;s,ano atturneis gencrall 
 anofpectall, fojthe tab|fe boop of this companie.to bup,fel,trucke,cbange ano 
 
 j permute al,ano euerp fttno ano kinoes of toares,marc&anoi?es ano goons to the 
 
 ' faiocottipanpappertaining,nott)Iaoen9fljippeointhegooou;tpcaUeo the Ed- 
 ward Bonauenture, appointee fo; Rufli a ,tbc fame to Otter ano fell to the befl commooitie , pjofit 
 ano aouatitage of tbe fain co;po;atton,be it fo; reaop moncp,toares 9 marchanoifes,o; truck,p;e» 
 fentlp,o; f 0; ttme,«s occafion 9 benefit of the companp ftjal require t ano all fucb mates as thep } 
 either of them fljal bup.truckco? p.wumco; caufe to be bought fo; the companp to laoe the home* 
 toaro in gooo o;oer ano conoition,as bp p;uoenc courfe of marchanotfes,(baU,ano ought to apper* 
 taine,to|nth article ertenoeth alfo to lohn Brooke fo; tbe 32Jarohoufe,as in the 1 7, ano x 8 , artt« 
 ties of this commiiRonapptaretb, 
 
 a Stem, it is aha eommitteo,asaboue,to the fain agents,tobinoe 9 charge the fain companp 
 op oebt fo; mares upon creoit,as gooo oppo;tunitte ano occafion ftjal ferue,tnitb poiner to charge 
 ano bino the fain companp,ano their fucceuo;s,fo; the paiments of fucb things as ftjalbe taken op 
 fo; creoite,ano the faio agents to be relteueo ab opeie fatis dandi . 
 
 3 3!temfullautho;itie ano potoer is committee to tbe faiofirB nameo f«cto;s,togetber tojitb, 
 Richard Chancelor grand Pilot of this fleete,to repaire to the Cmpero?S court, there to pjefent 
 theftingano Ciueenes9^aietties letters, to;itten in <Sreeke,polifl),ano3!talian,ano to giuc ami 
 ejehibite tljemarchants parents at fuel) time ano place as fijalbe thought moB etpeoient.tbep.oi 
 one of them to oemano ,ano bumblp oeffre of f Cmperour fitch further grants anopnuileoges to 
 be mane to this companie, as map be beneficiallfo; the fame,to continue in traffike tuitlj his fub» 
 teets, acco;oing to fitch inBructions as bee intbisbebalfe oeuifeo ano ocliucreo to the agentss 
 toheteunto relation is to be hao,ano fome oncof thefe uerfons to atteno upon the court to; the ob* 
 taming of the fame,as to tbeir oifcretions fijalbe thought goon, 
 
 4 3 tem,that all tlje faioe agents ooe toed conGoer,ponoer ano toetgfj fucb articles asbeeoe« 
 liuereo to them to knob) the nat utcs,eifpoGtions ,latoes ,cuflomes,maners ann behauiours of the 
 people of the countrets Inhere thep ffjal ttaffifce.as toell of the J5obilitie as of the JLatopcrs,9©ar« 
 chants.S^arinersano common peopIe,ano to note oaigentlpthefubtilttes of their bargaining, 
 buping ano felling,making as fetoe Debtee as poffibiie map bee , ano to bee citcumfpect, that no 
 iatoe neither of religion no; poGtitte beeb;oken o;tranfgreu*eo bp them 0; anp minifier bneer 
 them, nc pet bp anp mariner 0; other perfon of our nation, ano to fo;efee that all tolles,cuBomes, 
 ano Cuch other rites be foouelp paio,th at no forfeiture 0; confifcation map enfue to our gooojs 
 either outioaro 0; tnojaro ,ann that ai tbingspaflebritb quiet.toithottt b;eacb of the publike peace 
 0; common tranquillttte of anp of the places inhere thep ttjall arriue 0? traffique, 
 
 5 3Item,tbat p;ouiGon bee mane in Mofco 0; elf inhere, in oneo; mo gooo tohmes,Hrjcregooii 
 traoe (hall be founo fo; a houfc 0; houfes fb; tbe agents, ano companie to inrjabite ano Dbiell at 
 pout accuttomeooietSjtoitbtoareboufes, fellers, ano other boufes of offices reqttifite, ano that 
 noheoftlje inferiourminiBerB of tohat place o;bocattontbeuerbebe,ooelieoutof tbe bbufeof 
 she agents toitbout licence to be giue^ano tbat aictp utfetiour oft'tcer D)albe obeoient to tbe 0;* 
 
 oera 
 
z6o The Englifti Voyages, ^Articles for the Agents, 
 
 nets, rules ano goueroraents of the faio agents, ano in cafe anpotlbbient perlon fball be founo ar- 
 mong anp of tbem,t hen fuel; perlon to be punifbeo fo> his mifbebauiour, at the Discretion of ttje 
 fain agents,o? of oneof themintbeabfenreoftbe other. 
 
 6 3tem,if anp perfon ofthcfaiDmimtofliail be of fuebpjice o?obfrmact'c, tliat after one 
 o? ttoo boneff aomonitions , bee toil! not bee refo?meo no ? reconcileo from bis fauftc a, tben tbe 
 faioe agents to oifplace euerp f ucb perfon from the place o ? roume to him heere committee , ana 
 fbme cthe t a ifcrec t e pecfon to occupie tbe fame j a? to tbe faioe agents by their Olfactions fbal 
 feeme meete. 
 
 7 Stem,if anp perfon (Sail bee founo fo arrogant,t&at he toill not lie o?oereo no? reto?meo b> 
 tbe taio agents or bp one of them in tbe abfence of tbe other, tljcn tbe fapoe pecfon to bee ocluic - 
 reo to tbe Suffice of the countrep, to receitie fuel; punifljmenc , as tbe latocs of the countrcp boe 
 require. 
 
 8 jretti.that the faioe 9gent* ano factours fball oailp one boure in trje mo wing conferre ano 
 confult together tobat ft all bee moQ conutnient ana beneficiall fo? tbe companie, ano fticb ojaccs 
 as tbep (ball Determine, to bee unit ten bp tbe <§>ccretarie of tbe companie in a bookc to bee pro* 
 trtoeo fo? that purpofr, anono inferiour perfon toinfringe or b?eakc anp futb oiber o? oeuife.but 
 to obferue tbe fame eractlp, upon fuel) realonable paine as trje agents (bail put him to bp ctferc- 
 tton. 
 
 9 3!tem,tbatthetaioagentsmaHintbecnoeofeucrietoeeke, o?ofterteras oecafionffiaHre* 
 quire, perufe,fee ano trie,not onelp tbe Cafthers,boukes, reckonings arm accounts, firming the 
 fame toitb their banoes, but al(b fball receiue ano take toeeklp tbe account of cuerp other officer, 
 as rncll of the Vendes, asof tbe empteeus, ano alfo of the ft ate of the boufbolo erpenfes, making 
 thereof a perfect Declaration as u)aU appertaine, tbe fame accountsalCb to bee firmcD bprbe faioe 
 agents hanDS. 
 
 io 3|tcm, that no inferiour miniffer fball take upon him to make anp bargainee? fale of anp 
 toares,marcbnmiifes o?gooas, but bp the Commiffion ano CClarratitjfc of the fapDe agent* 
 unoer their hanoes, ano hce not to tranfgrctte his Commiffion bp anp toap, p?etenfe o? co* 
 lour. 
 
 1 1 Stent, that euerp inferiour miniflet , that is to bnDcrflant^H Clerks ano pong mercrjantg 
 being at the o?Der of the faioe agents, (ball rioc.goe, faile ano t rauatle to all fuel; place, ano pla- 
 ces , as thep o? bee fball be appointee unto bp the ferae 3 gen ts, ano effect u allp to f ollotu ano oo all 
 that tobicb to him or them (ball be committeo, toill anotruelp to the mod benefite of tbe compa* 
 np .accoroing to tlje charge to bim or them committeo, euro as bp their othes, oueties ano bonoe* 
 of their matters thep be bounoen ano charges to Dor. 
 
 1 2 3ittm,tbat at euerp menetbs eno, alt accounts ano reckonings fbalbe biought into perfect 
 ovoer, into the liogero? memeriail, ano the Decrees, ojoers, ano rules of the agents together 
 with the p?tutleges, ano copies oflctter s, map ana fball be toell ano truelp to?ittcn bp the fetreta* 
 lie, in fuel; fosme as fbalbe appointee fo?it,ario that copies of alltbcir oomgsmap befentbome 
 totth the faio Chip at her returne. 
 
 i j Stem, that all the agents ooe otligentlp learnc ano obferue aMkinoe of toarcs , as tori na= 
 turals as fo?Kin,tbat be beneficial! to? this Kealme, to be folo fo? the benefit of the companp,anoi 
 tobat kinoe of our commeaities ano other things of tbefe£Oett partes beemoft uenoibiein tbofe 
 Eealmcs iuitb pjofit^giuinga perfect aouife of all fuch things reqnfGte* 
 
 1 4 3tem,if the CmperourlDill enter into bargain toith pou fo? the tobolemafle of poor fiocfc, 
 
 ano mill bane tbe traoeofit to Otter tobisomncfubiects, then Debating the matter pruoentlp a* 
 
 mongpour felucs , fet fuch high pnfes of pour comrnooities , as pou map auure pour femes to be 
 
 gainers in pour ottne toarcs, ano pet to bup tljetrs at fuch bafrpules, as pou map here alfo make 
 
 acommooitie ana gaine at borne, bauing in pour rrmiDes the notable charges that the companie 
 
 tjaue utffrapeb in aouancing this bopage: ana the great charges that thep Maine oaplp in toages, 
 
 * ots * btctualsano other thingstall tohich muff bee rcquitco bp the toife battling of this bopage, tobic& 
 
 beincc the firttpieGocnt fl;albe a pcrprtualpieuoent fo? euer : mto therefb?e all circumfpectuin is 
 
 to be ufco^no fo jefecne m this firil enterpiif^tohtri) <$od blcffe ano pjotper unoer pou.to bis glo< 
 
 rie.ano the puWtke toealuj of this Eealme, tohcreof the liueenes S^aieCie.ano the lo?Ds of the 
 
 Councell baue conceiuco great hope,tohofe erpectatiens are not to be frutrrateo, 
 
 w,, »5 3item,itismbef>iDinminoc,thatpouurealltoapesarmnieancsporTibIetoIearnehotoe 
 
 anSapw menma^pauerromRufria > eitberbpIanoo?bpfeatoCathaia,anotohatmapbe Ijearoof our o* 
 
 c*t»y«- tber fl)tps,anD to tobat knotoleDge pou map come, bp conferring toitb the learneo o? toell trauai* 
 
 leo perlons, either natural! o? fb?rein ) fuch as I;aue trauaileo from the J5o?tb to the jg>outb. 
 
 i6 atem,it is committeo to tljefaio agents, rhat iftbev fball be certifies creDtblp,thatan? 
 
 cf 
 
Articles for the Agents. TrafFiques^and Diicoueries. 2 61 
 
 of cue taiD nttt Hups be stnuco m anp place ttJljermnto patfagc is to be t;ao bp luater o> bp lanD, 
 thatthen ccrtainc cf the company at t!je Difcraion of the Agents fijall bee appo.meo to be Cent to 
 them, to icanic their efface 9 conottion,to ui! T te,rcfrcflj, rclieur,anD fttrmfij them uutlj all ncrcf-= 
 faries ana rcquifites, at the common charges of the companie, ana to imb?acc,accept,ano intyrat 
 ihem a3 our ocare ana uicl'ocloucD b?ctlj?en cftfjis our fociet:e,to their rciopcing ano comfo?t,ao< 
 ttertifing g>p? Hugh Willoughbie mm ottjers ofotir care fuinee of them ano their longabfenre, 
 touh attr ocfirc to beare of them, mich all othcrthings Done in their aofence 6? their commoDittr, 
 tiotctVc then iftljrp hao bencp?cCcnt. 
 
 1 7 3tem.it is Decrees, that niljen tlje Slips fbal arriuc at this going foo?th at the STtawfjoufe, 
 tijac their 9gcnt0,lDUij maflei; Chancelor grant) pilot, John Brooke merchant, Deputco fo? the 
 C^arDi)oiife,tethlohnBuckland matter of theEdward, IohnHowletmafler.ano IohnRo- 
 bins pilot of the Philip ano Marie,ujall conferrc ano confult together, tobar is mod profitable to «!w pm''p *»» 
 be oone cherfoje fo? tlje benefit of the company,? to coiifioer mljethertljep map bargainc toith the M " i ' 
 captalne of the caCtc , ano the inhabitants in tljat p!acc,o? alongft the coaff fo ?" a large quantity of 
 fiaj,D?t'e 0? uiet,l?illeD bp tlje naturals.o? to be cafcen bp our men at a puce reafonable fo? trucke of 
 rlotlj,mealc,falt,o?bccre, anotiujattraineople, o) other commoottp - is to be baa there at this 
 timc,o? anp other feafon of the peere, ano iutjetljer there null be hao o? fount) fudftcicnt lacing fo? 
 both the fapo fijippe s,to be bought there, aim botu thep map conferre toitb the naturals fo? a eon* 
 tintiajrce in l;antingtheplacc,if profit nitlfoarifcto tlje compatip,mib to conficerniljethercheEd. 
 wardinhcrrcuirnemaprcceiucattljeJEOarDhoufcanp feinaoflaoingljomctoarD, aitotobat it 
 map amount unto, ant>\ufjctbec it Qjallbe crpcDictitfo?£be Philip to abtocattbc SLlaiDijoufe 
 the returnc of the Edward out of Ruifi3,o? getting that fije map returncujith the firtt gooo toino 
 to England, tottboutabiDingfo? the Edward, atiDlb to concluDe?acco?Dcct'tatnclp among tbem= 
 felttes upon tbeir arrittall, tljat the certainttemap (bpon gooo ocliberaticn)be fo jeered ano oe* 
 tcrminco bettocene both (bips,tbat the one map be afiureo of the otljcr,anD their Determinations! 
 to be put in netting Duplicate to remaiue BJitlj ech u)ip,acco?omg to fuch o?oer as (ball betaken 
 bcttoccnetijem. 
 
 1 8 jtem, that Iohn Brooke our marcljant fo? tlje JaJarohoufe take gooo aotiifeof tljerctt of 
 our agents,boni to bfc himfelfe in al aSaires,n)hilcs tlje fijip Qjalbe at tlje W. arohottfe, Ije to fee 
 gooo o?ocr to be be Kept, mane bargains aouifenlp , not creoiting tljepeople bntill tljeir natures, Shote. 
 Difpofitions sfioclitiesujalbenjelltrieo.make no Debts, but to take mare fo? ware in hano, ano 
 rather be trttHco the n to trull, jftote Diligentip niljat be tlje betttoares fo? tljoCc parts, ano bolne &m. 
 the fiflje fallctlj on tlje coatt , ano bp uibat mesne it is to bee botigljt at tfee mott aDuantage,toljat 
 Kinoes aiiO > Diuerfittesoffo?tcsm6lbes be, anoailjethet ittuillneepc better tnbulkepilcD,o? 
 tncafkc* 
 
 1 9 3itcm,l;e toljattc a Diligent cpe 5 circumfpcction to tlje beere,falt,ano otlierltquiD toares, 
 ana not to fttSer anp matte to be maoe bp tlje companie, ano he in all contracts to require aDttife, 
 cotmfel,ano confent of the matter ano pilot,tljc merchant to beourljoufUitfcasotirfpccialltrutt 
 is in htm, Ije to te nocr that no latoes no? cuttpmes of the countrep be b?oken by anp of the compa« 
 np,ano to miser to the p?ince,ano ot'jcr officers, alltljat lnhictj to them Doth appertamc,the com* 
 panptobe quiet, boiDeofallquarrclling,fighting,o?rjeration, abtteinefromalletceOeof D?ink* 
 ing as muctj as map bee, ano in allto bCe ano beljaue tljcmfelues as to quiet marcljants ooctlj,ano 
 ought to appcrteinc. 
 
 20 Jtcm.it tsoecrceo bptlje compani?,tljat the Edward (ball returneljome tljis peere toitfj 
 asmticlj niares as map be conuenientlp f p?ofitab!p p?ouioco,bottgljt,anD laaen in Ruffia,ana the 
 rett to be taken in at tlje (Htaraboufe, as bp the agents fljallbe acco?oea, 'But by all meaues it is 
 tobefoicfecneana notca.that tljcEdward returnc homc,ano'notto luinterin anp fo?rcin place, 
 buttocomchome,anab?ingutttbheralI tljetoljolcaouertifcments of tlje marcljants,toitlj fuel) 
 further aottife fo? tlje ncrt peercs p?otitfiou,as thep fijall giue. 
 
 21 3item, it is further occreco ano o?Dcineo, inutolablptobeobfenteD, that tohenthe goon 
 njips,o?eitljerofthnn(bpcipo03 grace) fijall returneljome to tljecoaflesofEngland,tljatnet= 
 tljer of tljem ttjall ttap o? touch in anp lj)aucno? po?tof England,otljcruiifctrjenmmD anotoea- 
 trjer fijall feme, but fijall oircctlp faile ano come to the po?t of tlje citie of Lonoon, tlje place of 
 tljcir rightoifcharge, ano tljat no bulke be b?oken .batches opencD,cbeft,farDeii,truffc,barrci, fat, 
 o?uiljatfoettertljingit fijall be, bcb?ottght otttof tlje fijippe, bntill tlje companie fijall giue o?occ 
 fo? the fame , ano appoint fuel? perfons of the companie as fljall be thought meet fo? tljat purpofe, 
 to take biemc,ano confioer the fijippe ana her iaoiug, ano fijall giue o?oer fo? the b?eahing bp of 
 thefaioe btilfee, oj giue licence bp oifcretion, fo? things to be b?ougbt to lano. ano that euetp of* 
 ficet (ball Chelae t!jc inttoife of bis charge to him firtt committeo , ano to eraminc the toattes ana 
 
 lolfcs, 
 
^otc. 
 
 2 6z The Englifh Voyages, Articles for the Agents. 
 
 lo(fes,sno to oeltuer tbe remamoer to tlje ufe ano benefit of tbe companp,acco?Ding to fuclj c?cec 
 as (ball be appointee in tljat bebalfe. 
 
 22 3;tem,tljecompanp cjcljojtctlj,toilIet^,anu requttetb,tiet onelp all tbe fato agents,pilcts, 
 inattcrs,matcljants,clerkcs, boatfu)atneS,ueWaros>ffcafcmaflers, ann allotber officers snomi* 
 mttcrs of tljts yjefene oopag^being put til cfoarge aim trull Daplp to periifejtcaDe^nD ffuote t'uclj 
 inQructtongasbemaDc.gtuenjtijeliueteDtotljemfojperfertfenoiiJlecigeofi^eiJCDyleofRuffia, 
 Mofcouia, Wardhoufc, ano otljec places,tbeit Dtfpoiitions,maners cuucmcsXcs, tnlle6,carta« 
 ge3,coines, Weights, numbcrg,meafures 3 wares,mcrcbano^ 
 ties,tbeone to be acccpteo ano imb?aceo,.tbe otber to be retectco ano tottetlp abandonee, to tbe 
 intent tbat euerp man taking cljarge , map be fo well taugljt,perfitcB, ano reaoilp mttructec in all 
 t&epjermlTes.thatbp igno?ance, no loffe 02 p?ciuDicc map groWo? crjance to ilje company; aflu= 
 ringtbemfelues,tbatfo?afmucbastbecompanp Ijatb tratieUeoanolabourcDfotnthefe trjatin« 
 ttrucctonstotljcm guien,tbnteuetpmanmap bee perfect, ano fullplearneatoeftbewallioffts, 
 rjiirts ano carnages tbat map infue bp p?etenfe 0? colour of noneKnowieogc, tl;e companp cntcn« 
 oetf) not to alloW,o? accept ignoiance fo? anp laWfulI 0? ittfl caufe of ejrctife, tnttjac Which (ball be 
 niifo?oereobp negligence, tlje buroenWbereof (ball light bpontrje negligent offenoingpetfoit, 
 efpeciallpnponfucrjasoftbeirotonetjeaD0,oj temeritie, Will take bponbim 01 them tot<eeo?to. 
 attempt anp tl;ing,totjerebpp?eiuDtce map anfe,to)it!)OuttbecommilTtoiioftlje Agents as aboue 
 is mentionco, wbeteunto relation mutt be bao, 
 
 2 j jfoiafmucb as it is not poffible to to?ite auo mDttefucb piefcrtbco o?ocrs , rules? ano com< 
 tniffionstotlje agents ano factours. but tbat oecafion, time ano place, ano tbe pleafuresoftbe 
 p?inces,togctber With t|>e operation 01 fucceffe of fo itune (ball cbauge 0? ftjift tfje fame, altljougb 
 not in tbe tobole,pet in part,tbcrefo?e tbe fain companp ooe commit to pou tljeir oeare aim iiittre 
 beloueD agents ano facto?S to Doe in tbis bebalfe fo? tlje commoDitp ano ttealtlj of tbis companp, 
 as bp pout DtfcrctionSjijpon gooo aouifeti Deliberations ftjalbetbougbt goon an» beneficiall.lpio« 
 tttDeo albjapeS.tbat tl)Cbonour,gooD name,fame,creoite,ano elf imatton of tbe fame companie be 
 conferttet) ano p?eferueo : wljicb to confirme toebefeecrj tbe liutng £o?D td bis gloip, tlje publifee 
 benefitcof tbis realme, our common p?ofits,ano pour pjaifcjs. 
 
 tf inallp fo? tbe ferutce , ano otic accompliujment of all tbep?emuTeS, euerp agent alio mint* 
 fferofanofo?tbisOopage, batlj net onelp guicn aco5po?aUotbefcpontbeCuangeltCJsto 0b 5 
 ferue, ano caufe to be obferueo,trjis commufion, ano euerp part, claufe ano fentence of the fame, 
 as much- as in Ijim Ipetb , as well fbi bis owne part asfo? anp otberperlbn, but alfo bane 
 iounoetbcmfelues ano tbeir frienoes to tbe companie in feuerall fummes of moncp , erpieiTea 
 in tbe actes ano reco?os of tbis foctttie,fo? tbe tructb ano uoelittcs of tbem,fo? tbe better , ano alfo 
 manifetter tettification of tlje truetb, anoof tbcirotbes , y?omire3,anD banos afo?efato,tbcp baue 
 to tbis Commiflion fubferibeo particularlp tbeir feuerall banos, ano tlje companp alfo in cenfir-- 
 ttwsion ef tbe fame,baue fet tljtir feale,geuen tbeoap,monetb,ano peeresfirtt aboue menttoneo. 
 
 The othe miniftred to the feruants of the fellowfhip. 
 
 ■ C fweare bp tbe bolp contents of tbat boo&e,njat pe tbal wel,fattbfirllp ano trttc- 
 
 Ip, ano Op?igbtIp , ano with all pourtnoetiour , ferue tbis rigbt woifijrpfull com' 
 
 ' panp in tbat o?oer, wbicb bp tbis felloWftjips agent 0? agents in tl;e oomfnions 
 
 |OftbeCmperoursofRuflia, &c. tball bee onto pou cornmitteo, bpeomrniffton, 
 
 commanoement^o? onjer l)i$ oirection, 3no tbat pou (ball bee obeoicnt ano faitt> 
 
 1 full to tbe fame our agent 0? agents, ano tljat Well, ano truelp ano tipifgbtlp ac« 
 
 co?oing to tbe eommirtion, tljarge.commaoemcnt.oi otbet oirectton of tljefaio agent 0? agents 
 
 to pou from timcto time giuen ano to be giuen,pou (ballp?ofectiteano ooe all tbat tobicbm P°« li' 
 
 etb,fo?tbepoorenoWme ) coinmooitie,benetlteanop?ofiteoftbefaiDfelloWibip: ano pou ujall 
 
 not Direct Ip 0? inoirectlp,openlp 0? cou ertlp ooe, erercife j i3fe anp trace 0? featsof marcbanoi' 
 
 ^es fo? pour oWnep?tuate account,commooitp,gaine 0? p?ofite,o? fo? tljeaccount of 0? fo? anp a* 
 
 tber perfon 0? perfons.Witbout confent 0? licence of tbis fato felloW(bip,firtt obtaineo in W?tting. 
 
 3no if pou fljall know 0? onoerttanD anp otber perfon 0? pttfens to ofe, erercifeo? ooe anp traoc, 
 
 traffic 0? feat ofmatcbanoife.co 0? fo?bis 0? tbeir own account 0? accotmts.at anp time 0? times 
 
 bereafter, tbat tben pe (ball truelp ano plainlp oifclofe,open,otter ano retteale.ano fijew tbe fame 
 
 fcnto tbis faiofellowujip, wttljout fraMDe,colour,coHtn o?oelap j S>o belp* pou ©oo,?c, 
 
 The 
 
 
^ 
 
 
 (jeorge ^/7/w^or^.Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 26$ 
 
 The letter of M.George Killingworth the companies firft 
 Jgtnt in Mofcouie, touching their interteinement in tbeirfe- 
 
 cond voyage. Anno 1555. the 27. of Nouember 
 in (JHo/io. 
 
 3Ight toojihipfull, mpbttetic conBoereD, pc. 3lt map plcafr pour tuo;(Ij(p to bn< 
 ntru\ino, that at the malting hereof toe all be tn gooo health, thanks be to @oo, 
 fauc onelp William ottc tonfee as toe came from Colmogro fell into the riuer 
 outoftbeboate,anb toa*D?otonco,anDtbe 1 i.DapofS>eprembirtoeetame to 
 Vologda,anD there toe laine all out toarcs bp.ann foJo toerplitlc: but one mar* 
 djant tooulo Ijatte giuen tos 1 2.rob!es fo? a b?oan clotb^hc faio he toottlo hatte 
 hao them all, anD 4. altines fo? a poimu of fugar, but toe did rcfufe it becauft he toag the firJ?,a«o 
 the marcljants toctc not comctbitbcr,no? tooulo uot come befoje CStuterjtruilMg to Ijatte mo?e: 
 but 31 feare it toil! not be much better, get nottoiffanDiiig toe bin to} tbe beu\ 9m the Ijottfe that 
 our toaccs Item cofa from that Dap tontilCaflcr ten robles. anD the 28. cap of September toe 
 
 DID Determine toitb our felttes tljattttoaSgOODfo^.Gray, Arthur Edwards, Thomas Hauto- 
 ry,Chriftopher Hudlbn,IohnSegewicke,Richard IohnfoiymD Richard Iudde,tO tarie at Vo- 
 logda, anD ?©, Chancelor.Heury Lane.Edward Prife,Robert Beft anD 31 fhottlo goe to Mofco, 
 
 flnD toe Dio latie tbe Cmperottrs fuger, tottb part of all fojts of toares to Ijatte Ijao to the Mofco 
 toitl) tos, but tbe toap toas fo Deepe, that toe toere fame to turne back, anD leaue it flil at Vologda 
 till the ftott. 3nD toe toent fa?tb toith po8e Ijo?fe,gt tbe charge of etterp ho?fe being llil ten in nttm - 
 ber,romesto io.s.7.D.balfepenie,beuDCS theguiDes. anotoee came to the Mofco the 4.0a? of 
 October, ano toere loDgeo that night in a Dmpleboufe : but the new Dap toe toere fent fo? to the 
 ffimperourbisfecrctatie.anDbebaoetostoelcometoithacheercfu!! countenance anD checrefull 
 too?Des,anDtoceujetoeDljimthattoeljaDaIetterfromcur©tteenes graceto tbeemperourhis mmt m« 
 grace, ano then he DefireD to fee tbem all, ano that tljcp might remain toitl) htm, to l;attc them per= '«"«* » «ti« 
 fcet,tbat the true meaning might be DeclareD to the Cmperottr, ano fo toe DiotanD then toe toere K U ffi>. ct0W: of 
 appointee to a better IjotrfoanD the fcuenth Dap the fecretarp fent fo? tos agatne,? then he fijetocn 
 tos that toefljculD Ijatte a better bottfe,fo? it toas tbeCmperottc bis tot!!, tijat toe ujottlD hatte all 
 things that toe Dio lacfce , ammo feno bs meaoe of tto j fojts, ano ttoo rjenst, our faoufe free,ano t- 
 ttetp ttoo Dapes to recetue eight hens,ff uen altmejs, ano ttoo pence in monep , ano meaoe a ccr* 
 taine,ano a pooie felloto to make cleaneour Ijoufe.f to Doe that toyerunto toe tooulo fet him.ano 
 toee hao gitten manp tetoaros before, tobichpou thai perceiue bp othcr,ano fo toe gauc tlje mcflen* 
 gets a rctoaro toitb tljanks : anD trjenintlj Dap toe toere fent to make tos reaoie to fpeek toith tlje 
 Cmperour on tlje mo?oto, 3nD tlje letters toere fent bs,tfaat toee might Dcliucr them our felues, 
 $ toe come bcfo?ehim tlje tenth Dsp: anD before toe came to his p?efence toe toent djo^oto a great 
 chamber .toljcrcltooo man? fmalltunncs,patles 3 hotoles anD pots of Qluer,3i meane,lifeetoafl)ing 
 botoles,alI partel gilt:ano toit^in tijat another clj.imber ,toljecetn fate (3 th,nfte)neere a bttnD ?e& 
 in clothof goIo,anD then into the chamhertobereljis grace fate, 9 there 31 tljtnfee toere mojetljett 
 in the other chamber alfo inclotlj of golD,ano toe did our tuct^, $ ftjetoeo his grace our Qucenes* 
 
 graces letters,totth anotc of pour pjefent tobiclj toas left in Vologda:anD tljcn his grace did afte 
 hoto our (Eluecnes grace Dt'D,caiIing her coufin, Taping that htetoas glaD trjat toee toere come in 
 health into his Kealme,ano toe toent one bp one unto him, ano toofteljim bp the hano.ann then^is 
 graccDio bio bsgoe inhealth,anD come to Dinner agame, anD toeDtneo in h:s pjeftnee, ano toere 
 fet toitb out faces totoatoa fats grace,f none tn the chambecfate mith tljcir bacbes totoaros faim, 
 heing 31 tljtnfee neere a himo jeo at Dinner tljcn.aitD all fertteo toith goloe, as platters, cfaargers', 
 pottes,curjpes,anDallnotflenDerbutrjcrpmaup, ano pet a great number of platters of goloe, 
 flanoing Bill on the cupboo?D , not moueo: ano Diners tintes in the Dinner time Ijtsgcacc fent toff 
 meat anD bnnke from his otone table,ano tohen toe haD Dtneo toe toent top to fats grace,ano recei^ 
 ueDactnjpetoithDptkeathtsotonebanD,ano thefamenigljt his grace fentcertaine gentlemen 
 to tos toith Diuers fojtes of toine anD meoe, to tofaoine toee gatte a retoaroe ♦ 3no aftertoaroe toe 
 toere bp Diuers Italians cottnfcllco to take Ijeeo tohom toe did tctttt to make tbecopte of tlje p;iui= *$t mama 
 leges tfaat toe tooulo ocfire to Ijaue.fo? feare it ujoulo not be tojttte in the Ruffle tongue, as toe did t0 "" r '" t0 0M 
 meane.§)0 rtrfl alRuffian Dio ton'te fo? tog a bjcutat to the <£mpero?,thc tenour toherof toas, that v ' m ' 
 toe Dio Dtfire a flronger pnutlcgerf toljen tlje fecretarp fato it,hc did oeliuer it to his grace, ana 
 tohen toe came agamefais grace toillco bs to toitte.our mf nos.anD Ijce tooulo fee it,anD fo toe'oiD. 
 3nn Ijis grace is fo trotibleo toitljpjeparations to toarres, that as pet toee haue no anftoere : but 
 toe ijaue bpn requtreo of bis g>ecrctarp,anD of tlje tonoct Cljance!o?,to knoto toljat toares toe hao 
 
 hjougtjt 
 
2^4- 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, (jeorge Kjllin^ortb. 
 
 Kiilia. 
 
 tyottgt, t into ttje Uealmc, ano what toai cs me Doe tutenD to baue, tljcic atc,o? map bee bao in tljia 
 Ecalme j ano ire fbetoeo tbem, ano the? ujetoeo tbe #mpeto? tberof.ano then tljep fatD bis gw 
 ces pleafurc to as,t Ija t f) is bed mar cljan ts of the Mofco fboulo be fp oken to , to meet antt talk toith 
 DS.anofoaoaptoas appointee, anil toeemettg inthe&ecrctariebisoffice,anD there toas tbe 
 bnoer CbanceIoj,tobo teas not pad ttoo peeress Gncc the Cmpero?B marcbant, ano not bis (£ban= 
 celour: ano tben the toncludon of our talketoas,tbittbe£bancelour toiltco tos to hctbtnke bs, 
 toberetoetooulooefiretobatteaboufeo?boufes, tbattoeeniigbc ccmeta tbem as to out otone 
 bottfe,ano to? mart banoije to be maoe preparation fo? bs,ano the? tooulo knob) our p?ifes of cur 
 toares ano frife : ano toe anftoereo, that fo? our puces tbep mud fee tbe toares before toe couloe 
 make anp puce the reof, fo? tbe like in goooneffe bath not bene bjoutjbt tnto tbe Kealme, ano toe 
 bio looke fo? an erample of all fo?ts of out toares to come from Vologda, tottb tlje firtt fleotoap, 
 ano then tbep fboulo fee tbcm,auo tben toe tooulo fljeto tbem tbe puces of tbem: -ano liketoife toe 
 coulo.not tell tbem tobat toe tooulo gtue tbem tuftl p ,tili toe did knotoe as tor H tb cir iufl toeigbts 
 cue wuetmit astbeirmeafuresrfojinallplacestobcretteotocome.altoeigbtsanomeafuregoiooarp. Chen 
 mBtfSffin* # e S»etretarp(tobo bao maoe p?omifeimto bsbefoje) laiDe.tljat toe fboulo baue all tbe fattmea* 
 Cures bnoer Ceale,gftjc that toas founo fattltp in tlje rontrarp,to bup o ? fel tottb anp otber mcafure 
 tben that, tbe lato toas.tbat be ftjoulo be puntfbeo;be faio mo?eouer, crjat if it fo bappe that anp of 
 our marcbatits oo p?omife bj> rottenat at anp time to oeltuer pou anp certain fum of toares tu fuck 
 aplace,ano of fucb like goooneue,at fucb a oap,fo? fucb a certainep?iee,that tbenbecaufeof bari= 
 ance,toe fboulo caufc it to be to?itte,acco?oing astbe bargainis,befo?e aitidicc o? the ncttruler to 
 tbe placc.if be oio not keepe couenant ?p?omife in allpoints,acco?oingto bis coucnant,tbat tben 
 lookc tobat lolfe o? binoerancetoe coulo iudlpp?oue that toebauetberbp,he fboulo makettgoooif 
 be be toojtb fo much : ano in like cafe toe mull do to thciwano to that toeoio agree.fatte onelp if it 
 torre to r ome ouer the fca,tben if anp fucb fortune fboulo bee(as ©oo fojbio) that tl.e (bip fboulo 
 niifcljance o? be robbeo,$ tfjc p?oofe to be maoe chat fucb kino of toares lucre laoen, the €ngli(b 
 »t at c hatttS to beare no loffe to the otljer mar cljant^heu f € fcancdo ? faifl,me thinks pou (ball oo 
 bed toljaue pour bottfe at Colmogro,tobicbtsbut ioo.milesfro tbe right oifcljargeof tbe fbips, 
 ano pec 31 trud the fbips fbal come neerer bereaft er,b ecaufc tbe tlups map not tarp long fo; tljeir 
 iaoing,tobicb is loocmfles from Vologdabp toater^no all our marcbants ftjall bung all our 
 marcrjanoi?e to Colmogro to pou^ano fo (ball our marcbants neit|jer go tmptp no? come emptp: 
 fo;if tbeplacke Iaoingbometoaro,tbereisfaIt, tobicbisgoootoareberc.that tbep map tome lo= 
 sen againe.^>o toe toere berp glao to beare tljat,ano oio agree to bis faping:fc ? toe ftjal neuerthr* 
 lc(fe,if toelud,haue aboufe at VoIogda,$at the Mofco,pea,$ atNouogrode.o? toberetoe toil in 
 Rufland: ■'But tbe tbjee f ttoentietb of tbis pjefettt toetoere tottb tbe fecretarp, ano then among 
 other talke,toe maueo, tljat if toe fljoulo tarp at Colmogro tottb our toares, ano fboulo not come 
 to Vologda,o j further to feeke our market,but tarp (til at Coloiogro.ano then the marcbants of 
 tbe Mofco ano otbers (bottto not come ano b } tng tbeir toares, ano (b rrje ujips fboulo come, ano 
 not baue tbeir Iaoingreaop,tbat tben it toere a greatlofle ano hinoerance foj bs: tben faioe bee a* 
 gaine to bs,tbat tbe marcbants bao beat e againe together toith him , ano bao put tbe like Doubt, 
 that if tbep fboulo come ano bjing tbeir toares to Colmogro,ano tbatthc? fboulo not ftno toares 
 ibere fufttcient to ferue tbem,tbat tljtn tbep djoulo be at great loffe ano hinoerance , tbep Ic auing 
 etjefr otber traces to fal to tbattano to that toe oiD anftoetcdjat after the time tljat toe no appoint 
 toitlj tbem to bung tbeir toares to Colmogro/gcotoilling.ibepfboulbneuercome tbitljer, but 
 at the beginning of tbe pere,thep 0;oulo fino that our marcbants tooulo baue at tbe lead f o? a ttjau* 
 fano robles,altbough tbe fijips toercnot come: fo tbat be faioe, tbat tben toee mud talke further 
 toith tbe marcbants: to tbat as pet 31 k"oto not,kut that toe fballbaue neeoe of one boufeat Col- 
 mogro,ano anotber at Vologda,ano if tbat tbep bnngnot tbeir toares to Colmogro, tljen toee 
 fbalbe fure to bup fome at Vologda, ano to be out o f bonoage. 
 
 3no tbus map toe continue trj?ee o; foure peeres, ano in tbis fpacg toe (ball knoto tbe cotmtrep 
 anotbemarcbantSjanotobicbtoaptofaueour felues bed, ano tohcre to plant our boufes, ano 
 tobere to feeke fo? toarestfo? the Mofco is not bed fo? anp kino o f toares fo? us to bup,faue onelp 
 toare,tobtcb toe cannot baue bnoer feuen pence tbe IRuffe pouno.ano it lackes ttoo ounces of our 
 pouno, neither toil! it be mud; better cbeape,fo? 31 baue biooen 6,pence fo? a pouno» 9 no 31 b«ttt 
 bougbt moje, fiue buno?eo toeigbt of parne, tobicbdanos mee in eiglu pence fartbing the Kuffc 
 pouno one toitb anotber^ano if toee bao receiueo anp do?e of monep,ano toere oifpatcljeo bcere 
 of that toe tarp fo?,as 3 ooubt not but toe fbalbe djo?tlp(pou knoto tobat 3 meane) tben as toone 
 Nouogtode. astoeljaue maoefale,3 ooeinteno togoetoNouogrode, ano to Plefco, tobence aH tbe great 
 number of thebed toto flare comrnetb,ano fucb toares as are there 31 trudto bup part.8no feare 
 pounotbuttoetoillDotbatmapbeDone,if<J5oorenobsbealtb, oedring poutop?epare fullp fo? 
 
 one 
 
 •Soltnogro, 
 
 VolojJ* 
 
*The Ernperourspriuilege. Traffiques,& Difcouenes. 265 
 
 onefl)iptobereai>pmt&eljESinmngof9^iItooq)artofft()ecoaaofEn|>land. 
 
 Concerning all tljofe things tobicb toe Ijaue Done in the tuares,pou (bal recetue a perfect note 
 bp tbc neict bearer (<Sod toilltng) fo? Ijc t^at carictb tljere front Us is amarcljant of Terwillamj 
 be teas caufeo to carp tbefe fap tbe commanoement of tfjeCmperottr bis fecretarie, toljofr name 
 is Iuan MecallawichWeskawate.tohomtoetaketobeourDerp frtcnti.anDtf ttpleafepou to «r(,tis t ,n?ati 
 fenu anp letters to Dantiske to Robert Elfon ,o? to William Watfons fcrttant Dunftan Walton iteawp &•* 
 eobecomtepeotoUs, itmappleafepouto inclote ours in a letter Ten t from pott to bim , to?ittenin namf * 
 IPoliffj, Dutc&,Lacme o? Italian : fo inclofeo, comming to ttje Mofco to bis banos, be toil con= 
 uep our letters to Us toberefo cucr toe be^no 31 batte toj it cen t o D an t is kc alrcaop to them fo ? the 
 conuepance of letters from ttjetice. 
 
 3no to certttte pott of tbe toeatber ljere,men Tap c^ac tbefe bunu?eD peres toas newer fo toarme 
 tneatrjer in this cotmtrep at this time oftbe peere. 33ut as pefternight toee receiueo a letter from 
 ChriftopherHudfonfromacttiecaHeoYeraflaue,tolio is commmgbitber toitb certaine of our 
 toares, but tlje tointer did occetue bim,fo that be toas fain c to tarie bp tlje toap: ano be to jc te ttjac 
 tbe i£mperoursp?efent toas oeltuereo to a gentleman at Vologda, ano the flco Dioouertbjoto, 
 anothebutteofliMlocRetoaslott, tobicb maoe us all uerp fo?p, 
 
 31 p jap pou be not offences toitlj thefe mp ruoe letters fo ? lacke of ttmetbut aflboneas falcs be 
 mace, 31 toill finoe the meatus to conuep pou a letter toitlj (peeojfoj the toap is maoe fo Doubtful, 
 that th e right mcCTcnger is lb muclj in Doubt,tbat he tooulo not baue anp letters of anp effect fent 
 bp anp man, if he might, fo? be knotoes not of thefe : ano to fap the truth, the toap is not fo; him to 
 traueliin, T5ut 31 toill make another ftjift beBoe, tohtib 31 truff (ball feme the tume till he comc,if 
 Tales be maoe befo?e be be rcao tc,tohi ch is ano (ball be as pleafceh © oc : toljo euct pjefcrue pour 
 too?fbip,arai feno b? gooD falcs, M jic cen in hade. 
 
 By yours to commaund 
 
 George Killingvvorth 
 
 Draper. 
 
 A copie of the firftPriuilegesgraunted by the Emperour 
 of Rujfia to the Englifh Marchants in the ycere 
 i 5 5 ?♦ 
 
 Ohn Vafiliuicbj bp the grace of <$od £mpero?of Ruflla, great Duke of No- 
 uogrode,Mofcouia,&c^:o all people tbat (halfee,reaDe,beare o? bnoerdan 
 tbefe p?efe nts,greeting. Jf o ?afmuclj as ©od hat h plan tea al realities ano do- 
 minions in the tohole too?lo toitb funo ?p comooit ics,fo as the one batb nceoe 
 of theamitp anocommoDitiesof tlje other.anDbp means therof traffike is V- 
 feDfrom one to another,ano amtfp thcrbp increafeD: ano fo? that as amongft 
 men nothing is mo je to lie oeftre d then amitp,toitljout the toljich no creature 
 being of a natural! gooo DttpoGtion can litte in quietnes,fo that it is as troublefome to be utterly 
 toanting,asitisperceiueDtobe gricuous to the boop to lacke aire, fire, o? anp other neceuaries 
 mott requifite fo? the conferuatiou ano maintenance thereof in IjcaltbtconltDcring alfc boto neeo» 
 fullmarcbanDife ts,torjicbfurni(beth menof all that tobicb is conuem'ent fo? their liuing ano nou« 
 riture,fo? their clothing,trimming,the fatiffping of their Delights, ano all other things conue«i« 
 ent ano profitable fo? them, ano that marcbanDi?eb?ingeth the fame commooities from outers 
 quarters in fa great abunoance,as bp meanes thereof nothing is lacking in anp pact, anD that all 
 things be in euerp place (inhere entercourte of marcbanoi?es is receiueo ano imb?aceD)generaHp 
 infucb fb?t,asamitp tberebp is entreo into , ano planteo to continue, anD tlje iniopers thereof be 
 as menliuingin agoloen too?lo:<IJpon thefe refpects ano other toeigljtp ano gooD conttoerations, 
 bs hereunto mouing.anD chiellp upon the contemplation of tlje gratious letters .oirecteo from the 
 right ljigb,righterceilent,anD right migbtpDueene Mary.bp the grace of (Sod Ouecne of Eng- 
 land,Francc,&c,tn tlje fauour of Ijcr mbiects,mercljants,the gouernour,confuls, affittants, ano 
 tommunaltie of merchants aouenturers fo ? Diftotterp of Ianos,frc, 
 
 JKnoto pe therefo?e,tljat toe of our grace fpeciall,meere motion,ann certaine knotoleDge,tjaue 
 giuen ano graunteD,ano bp tbefe p?efents fo? Us,our Ijeires ano fucceflburs, Do giue ano grant as 
 much as in US iS anDlictb,UtltO Sebaftian Cabota ©OUCtnour, <S»t'r George Barnes knight, etc. 
 Confuls : <g)ir IohnGrefliam,f c,9lf!flants, anDtotbecommunaltieoftbe afojenameD felloto^ 
 fljip,anDtot{jeirfuccelu)Uj;sfoj euer,anDtotI;efucceJTaurs of cucrie of them, tbefe atticies, 
 
 5 graunts, 
 
i66 The Englifh Voyages, The Emperours priuilege. 
 
 paunt0,immuuitie3,fcancbu~es,Uberties ano p?iuileges,ano euerp ofrhem hereafter follotoing, 
 
 «jrp.2CiTcD fiHD DCClareB. Videlicet: 
 
 i iFtrCfjtuefjojVis.ouc beires anu fitcccuo?s,DO bp tbcfe p?cfents giue ano graunt free licence, 
 
 facuitie,aut!jo?itpanopotocr tinto the faiD©ouernour,Confuls,3u'ilrants, ano communaltpof 
 
 the fiuo felIotoujip,ano to their fucce!To?sfo? euet,that all ano Dngular the merchants of the fame 
 
 companp,tbeir 9gents,factour3,Boersof their buGncffe, atturneps,feraants,anDmimJrcrs, ana 
 
 euerp oftfjein map at all times hereafter fo? euecmo?e furelpjfreelp ano fafelp toith their fbippes, 
 
 mcrcbanotjcSjgooDs ano things tohatfoeuer faile,come anu enter into all ano fingular our lanDs, 
 
 countreiSjDominionSjrities.totoneSjbillages^aQIeSjpojteSjiurifotcttons ano Deilraicts bp fea, 
 
 lano o? frcuj toatcrs,ano ibere tarp,abiDe anu foiourne.ano bup,feil,barter ano change all Kino of 
 
 meicbanDijcs toith almaner of marchants ana people.oftobatfoeucr nation, rite, conDition,ltate 
 
 o? oegrec? thep be, ano toitb cbc fame o? other fbtps,toares,marchanDijes,gooDs u thmgs tohat* 
 
 foeucrtbep be, unto other etnpires,kiugoomes 3 DukeDomes,part0, anoto anp other place o?p!a* 
 
 ces at their pleafure ano libettp bp fea,lano o?frefh toaters map ocpart, ana crercife all kinoe of 
 
 mercbanDi^cs in our empire ano Dominions,aiu> euerp part thereof frrelp ano quietlp toitbout a* 
 
 np rettraint,tntpeac!)mcnt,p?tce,eraction, pjeft, ftraight cullonie, toU,tmnoOtwn,o? fubfioie to be 
 
 6emanDco,tare5 o? paio, o? at anp time hereafter to be oemaoeD, tareD,fct,leuico o? inferreo upon 
 
 them o? anp of thcm,o? upon their gooDs,u)ips, toares, marcbanoijes ano thmgs,of,fo? o?opcna* 
 
 np part o? parcell tbereof,o? bpon the gooos, fljips, toares, mercbanoijes, ano thing? of anp of 
 
 tljcm, fo that thep (ball not neeo anp other f afe conottct o? licence generall, ne fpeciall of us, ouc 
 
 heires o? fuccefiours,muher (ball be bounD to affce anp fafe conduct o? licence in anp of theafoje* 
 
 faio places fubiectUntoUS. 
 
 2 Item, toe giuc ana graunt to the falo marchants this potocr ano Iibcrtp,that thep ; nc anp of 
 them, ne their gooos, toares,marcbanoijes o? things,ne anp pare thereof, foal be bp anp meanest 
 totthin our Dominions, lanocs, countrepes, caff les, totones, uillages,o? other place o? places of 
 Durutriroictton,atanptimeheeceafterattachco,fiaieD,.irreffeoneDittucbeo fo? ante tebt,oue-! 
 tic o? o ther thing , fo? the tobicb thep be not pnncipall oebters o? furcttcs , ne alfo f o? anp offence 
 o? teefpaffe committeo, o? that (ball be committer*, but onelp fo? fucb as f bep o? anp of them (ball 
 actttallp commit,ano the fame offences (if anp fucb happen,) (ball bee Ip bs onelp Ijearo , ano oe* 
 termineo* 
 
 I 3Itcm,toc giue ano gtaunt,tf)at the fain S^archants fljal anu map hrate free Itbeuie, potoer, 
 ano autho?>cie to name,choofe ano afftgne liioke rs,(l)ippers,packers,toetg!jers, meafttrcrs, tea* 
 goners,ano all other meet ano necelfarp laborers fo? to feme them in their feat of marcbanoifes, 
 ano minifler anD giuc bnto them ano euerp of them a co?po?all otbr,to fer tie them toe 11 ano tr uelp 
 in their offices, ano filming them o? anp of them Doing contrarp to bis o? their otbe, mip puniu) 
 ano oilmifietbem,ano from time to time cboofe,fttjearcaitDanmitotherintbeir place o? places, 
 toithou: contraoiction,let,uetation o? Difiurbance,cither of bs, our Ijeireso? fttcceflbjSjO? of anp 
 othec our 3Ittmces,officers,minitos o? fubiects tohatfoetter^ 
 
 4 3!tem,toe giue ano graunt bnto the faioe Sparchants ane their fttccefTottrS, that fitch per* 
 Ion as ts,o? fijalbe commenoeo onto tos,ottr heires o? fitccetfojs bp the (Sottcrncur, Confttls ano 
 affiflants of the fato feUotofhip reftant toitbtn tlje f (tie of London toithm the realme of England, 
 to be their cbt'efe facto? toitbin this our empire ano oominionss,map ano Rial haue ftilpotoer ana 
 autho?itie to goucrne anD rule all <2nglifbmen that haac bat", o? tijall haue acceffe, o? repaire ire 
 o? to this fiuo empire ano iurifDictions,o? anp part thereof,ano fijal ano map minifier bnto them, 
 ano euerp of them gooD tufiicc in all their caufes,plamts,quarrels, and Difij?oers bettoeene then* 
 inoucD.ano to be moueD,anD alfemblc.oeltberatejConftdt, concluoe, Define, Determine anD mafee 
 fuel; actcs,anoo?oinaiices.ashefocommcnDcDtoith his SKfiftants njallthtnfte gooD ana meete 
 fo?tljc goco o?5er,gouerumentanD rule of the faio^archantSjanti another Cnglifijmcn repai- 
 ring to tins our faioe empire ano Dominions, o? anppart therrof,artD to fct ano leuie bponal!,ano 
 euerp englifbmen.offenoer o? offenoers, of fucb their acts anD o?Dtnances maBe,ano to bemaoe, 
 penalties anD mulcts \s^ fine o? imp?ifonment t 
 
 5 jtcm, ifithappenthatanpofthefaioegparchants,o?othw;€nglifi)man-/asonep?mo>e 
 Doe rcbellagainfi fitch cbiefejfacto? oi Jfactois, o? his o? their Deputies, ano toil! not- Difpofe' 
 Ijimoithemfeluestoobep them ano euerp of them as (ball appertainc, if the faioe Rebels o? 
 Difobeijieuts Doe come, ano bee founDc in ouc faioe Cmptrc ano iurifoictions , o? anp part ano 
 place thereof, then tore p?omtfe anD graunt, that all ano euerp our officers, minifiers, mv 
 fubiccts (ball effectuallp apoe anD afitfi thefaioe cbiefe jTactour o? JF actottrs,anD their Deputies; 
 ans fo? tfaeir potoerlhall reallp tooo?ke, to tying fucb rebello?Difobeoient rebels, o? otfabiot* 
 entjj to Due obeoteuce: 3nb to t^'at intent fljall lende unto the fame f actour o? f actours,ano tbric 
 
 Deputies 
 
 , 
 
QJldaries patent. 
 
 Traftiques,andDiicouenes. 26 j 
 
 Depirtiesi)i)onrequciltIjertfojetobcmaDc 3 pjtfoiw,anouiQcuintnti5fo?puuiQ)meai;8rremttme 
 to time. 
 
 6 3itcm,tuc pjomife bnto the fiioe Sparchants,anD tljctr futccuours fcpon t^rtr rrqtte ft to f r= 
 ftibite anoooe onto tbem gooo,eract ano fauourabUiuln'ce,tottb erpeoition in all tbcir raufes,ano 
 tbatmben tijep or anp of them (ball ftaue acreu"e,or tome too? before an/of ourJumces,for anp 
 their plaints mooueo, ano to bee mooueo bctuieene anp out fubietts or other (Iranger,ano tbem, 
 0? anp of tbem,tbat then tliep Cbalbe fiirff anofa?tbtmtb bearo, as foon as tije party u.ft ch tbep (bal 
 fino before our Juftices fbaibe oepeacbeo ,tobicb partp being beatB fortbUntb,anb affoone as map 
 bejtbc fait) (JEngliu) marcbams (bail be none ano Dtfpatcbeo: 3no if anp attion (ball be moueo bp 
 oj ag«tult anp of the faio Sparcbants being abftnt out ofour faitie empttc ano nonunions , tijen 
 fiich 90 arcbants map fubftitute an atturnep in all ano lingular his caufes to be f clloteeo as ne co 
 ftjaUrequtre,ano asfballfecmctcbtm crpeoient. 
 
 7 3ltem,toee graunt ano p?omifc to tlje Jatoe ff^areljants, anti to tljetr fucccffuiirs, thatif the 
 fmneC^arthantsounpof th£mnjalIbtctoounceo,o?(toij;cb@oofo^jio)fJaiii£inaiipj]afc or 
 ptateof our Cmpireo? Dominions, then gooo information tberccf giuen , Wet ano out Suffices 
 ano other officers mail crccute Due correction ano piurifbment mttbout oclap , atcor&ing to the 
 erigence of the cafe : fo that it (half bee an trample to all ot!;er not to commit tbeltfoe. 3no if 
 it (hail cbattnee the factors, feruants.oj miiuttcrs of the faioe sparchants 0? aip of them to tref= 
 paffe or offence, toiberebp tbep or anp oftbeut fftaUmturre the Danger of Death or jjumtbmcnt, 
 tbegooos , mares, marcb3it0i5;C3, ano things of their Spatters (hail not therefore bee fo?fai= 
 tco , con&TcatcD,fpoiico nc feifcD b^ anp meancs bp os,our beires o r fucceu"ours,o? bf anp our of* 
 ficecs,minifterso?fubiects,butuj^nremaiiiecotheitbfe,franhe,frce > ano Diftijargco from all 
 punifhmentanoiotfe, 
 
 8 jtem.toe graunt that if anp of the CEngliu) nstionbe arreffro for anp Debtee fijal not be lata 
 in p jifon/o fane as he can put in fuff iciciit furctte ano p atone : neither (Tjali anp fergeant.or offr 
 cerleaoc tbemoranp of them top?ifon, befojebe mall bane uuotocu to^?i^crtlje cbitfe /actor 0? 
 fattojgjO? their Deputies ffjalbc furct:'es,oj bring in patone fo? fiub atreffcouhtn ti;e officers u)al 
 relcafe tbeparttc, ano IhaUfet ft in 0? them at itbertte. 
 
 9 80ojcauer,toc c giue, graunt ano promtfe to the faioe Spartftants, that if anp of their (hips 
 0? other ueffels (ball bee fpopIeo,robbco,oroamnifrD in filing, ancko?;ng oj returning too? 
 from out faioe €mpires ano Dominions, or anp part thereof, bp anp^)ttats,2parchants, o? 
 ctbttperfbn, tobatfbeucrbfeortbeybee, tljat tben ano in fuel) cafe, toee mill Doc ail that in 
 Wis to cauftrettitution, reparation,ano fatiffaction to beeottelp maoeto thefaio (Engufbmar* 
 chants bp our letters ano oihertoife ? as fbail fwno toiih our fccnour, ano be confonaut to equitic 
 anotuutce. 
 
 xo 3tem,for bs.our ftctrcs ano fucccifours, toee ooepjomiGe ano graunt toperfojme,main> 
 teine, corroborate , autenticate, ano obferue ail ano finguiar tfte afojefaioe liberties, francbtfes, 
 ano p?iuileoges,Itkeas p jefentlp Uie firmeip oce inteno,ano teill corroborate, autentike ano per= 
 to jme cbe fame bp ail meane anD map that me can.as much as map be to the comrnoottte ano pjo< 
 fite of the faio <£ngli(lj 9^archants,ano their fucceffouts fo? eucr, 
 
 9no to the intent that all ano ftnguler the faioe giftes, graunts ano pjomifes , map tee tnutola^ 
 i)Ip obfetueo ano perfamteo.me tfte faio Iohn Vafiliuich bp thegtace oftSoo Cmperor of Ruflia, 
 great Duke of Nouogrode,Mofco,& c. fo? bs, out fteires ano fucceffors, bp our Jmpetiall ant» 
 lo jolp luojo in iff ati of an othe,haue ano ooepjomifebptbefe parents, inuiolablp to matntcpne 
 ano obferue, ano caufe to be inuiolablp obfemeo ano matnteineo ail ano fingulf r the afojefapDc 
 gtftes,gtaunts ano promifes from time to time, ano at allanoeuerp time ano times fteereafter, 
 9no fo? the more corroboration hereof baue caufeo our Signet hereunto to be put : Datco in our 
 Cattle of Mofco tfte 2o f oap of in the peere. 
 
 The Charter of the Marchants of <%uflia , graunted 
 vpon the difcoucrie of the faidc Countrey, by King 
 Philip and Queenc <JHarie. 
 
 Hilip ano Marie, bp the grace of (Sod King ano ©ueene,»c, %a all manner 
 of officers, true Jurie men, minidcrs' auo fubiccts , ano to all other people as 
 toell within th:s our l&ealme or elfenihe:e bniser ourobepfance.iurifDtctton, 
 ano rulc,or othcrtoife bnto tobome tljefe out letters (ball bee (ftettieo, fecne, 0? 
 reaD .greeting, 
 aahercas'tuce be creoiblp infojmen , tftat out right ttuu^e^right faitbfull, 
 
 5 j an3 
 
2tf8 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Q^Maries patent. 
 
 3ft)cl»(couerie 
 
 pillinn.lllli til* 
 icnoch fo| 
 
 <BobB giojp. 
 
 Sebiflian Cabo- 
 ta fitft goiter.. 
 
 nnurof tjje 
 iX)B(come 
 
 g>it George 
 Barnes, William 
 Garrcr. Anthony 
 Hu(ie,Ioh. Such- 
 cor,t6e fitd 4. 
 
 Confute. 
 
 amiiuclLieloucD Cotinfailo??, William barques of Winchefter Lojd high Crcafurer of this 
 
 OtttlRcalmeofEnglandjHcnrie^arleofArUndel to?DS§)tCtoarDOfoutl)OllQ)OlDe,Iohn^atIe 
 of Bedford HojO keeper of OUrpjiuie<§>eale, William Carle of Pembroke, William Iojoe 
 Howard of Effingham tope high abmirall of our faioelRealme of England.&c. i£aue at their 
 otone aDttentttre, cofis .:.« charges, pjoutoeo, riggeo, ano tacfclco certaine Ihips.pimurres.ano o« 
 tber meetebeffels, ann tbe fame furniujeD toitb all things neceffarp Ijaue aouauceQ ano fet fbj* 
 toarDjojtooifcouerjtiefcriejamifjintieJileSjlaniieg.territojieB, Dominions, arm sg>eignto?ies 
 bniuiotoen,anobpourfubiectsbefojetbisnotcommonlpbp feafrequcnteb, tohicb bpthc fuffe* 
 ranee ano grace of aimightie (Sod, itftjall chaunce tbemfailmgjftojtbtoaros, JSojtbcafttoatDs, 
 ano $ojthtoeiItoarO0,ojanp partes thereof, mtfjat race o^courfe to&ich other Cb?iutan Sgto 
 natcljes (being toitbbs inleague ano amitie)haue not beeretofojebp g>cas traffiqueo, haunteb, 
 0} ftcquenceo, to finoe ano attatne bp their faio aouenture.as toeli fo j the glo jie of ©oo, as foj the 
 illutrrating of our honour ano oigmtie ropafl, in the increafe of the reuemies of our Crotone,ano 
 gcnerall toealth of this ano at her our Realities anu Dominion?, ano of our fubtectsoftbefame: 
 ano to this intent our fubiectsabouetpecifieo anonameo.ljauemolibumblp befeechebus, that 
 our abunoant grace, fauour anb clemencie map be gratioutlp ertenoeo onto them in this behalfe: 
 thereupon toecincltneD to thepetitionofthefojefaiDeour Cotinfailours , fubiectsanomar* 
 than®, ano totlling to animate,a$uance,further ano nouriuj them in tbetr fain goblie, boneli.anD 
 gooopurpofc J anD,astoehope,pjofitabIeaDuenture, ano that tbep map tlje mo?e toillinglp, ana 
 reaoilp atcbieuc the fame, ©four efpeciaU grace, certaine wiotoleoge ano meere motion , haue 
 graunteo, ano bp thefe p jefents Doe graunt,fo ? bs,our heires ano fucceu"ours,bnto our faio right 
 truflie.auD right faitbfull,ano right toelbeloueo Counfailours, ami tlje other befoje nameo per* 
 f ons,tbat thep bp the name of marchants aouenturers of England/o? the Difcouerp of lamts,ter« 
 ritortes,3iIes,Dominions,ano g>eignio?ies bnlmotoen,anD not before that late abucnture 0? en* 
 terpjifc bp fea 0? Ji5auigation,commonlp frequenteo as afo jefaiD^ujalbe from henceforth one bo* 
 Die ana perpetuall fellotoujip ann communaltie of tbemfelues, both utoeeoe ano in name, anb 
 them,bp the namesof Sg)archants aouenturers fojtfjcDtCcouerie of IanD?,territo?ieiS,3llei3f ? ftig-- 
 niou'es bnfcnotoen,ano not bp the feas,ane ji2auigations,befo?e their fatoe late aouenture 0? en* 
 terpjife bp fea 0? j2auigation commonlp frequenteD, Wle ooe tnromo?atc,name,ano ceclare bp 
 thefe p?efents,ano that thefame fellotoujip oj communaltp from henceforth ujaIbe,ano map bats 
 one ©ouemour of the faioe fcflalofrjqj,anri communaltie of Sparchants aouenturers. 
 
 ano in confioerationtbat one Sebaftian Cabota bathbintbe cljiefett letter forth of this iour« 
 nep 0} bopage,thcrefo?e toe make,orocine,ano conttitute Ijtm the faio Sebaftian to be the firftanb 
 p jefent gouernottr of tlje fame fellotoujip ano communaltie,bp thefe pjefents.'Co haue ano eniop 
 the faio office of <Souernour,to him the fato Sebaftian Cabota During big naturall life, toithouc j 
 amouing oj Dimifting from the fame roome, 
 
 9no furthermo?e,toe graunt bnto the fame fellotoujip anb communaltie anotrjeic fucceffo^, 
 that tbep the fatoe fellotoujip anD communaltie, ano their fucceuoju after the oeceafe of tljefaioe 
 Sebaftian Cabota, ujall, ano mapfreelpanblatofullptnplatesconuenientanDhoneft, aflemble 
 tljemfclues together, 0? fo manp of them as toillo? can atfemble together, as toell toithin our tU 
 tie of London,o?elfetohere,asitujallpleafetljem,infuchfojt anb maner, as other toojujipfull 
 tojpojations of our faibe citie Ijaue bfeo to atremble,anb tljere peerelp name,clect ana cfjoofe one 
 ©ouernour 0? ttoo.of themtelues,anD their liberties,anb alfo as toell peerelp During the natural 
 life of the faio Sebaftian Cabota noto (Souernour.as alfo at tlje election of fuclj faine ©ouernouc 
 0? gouernours befo?e his oeceare,to choofe, name ano appoint eigljt anD ttoentp of the mott fab, 
 Difcreetc,ano honed perfons of the faibe fellotoujip, anb communaltie of Sparchant abueruurers, 
 as is aboue fpecifieb,anb 4,of the moC erpert ano ffeilfull perfons of the fame 2 8 ,to be nameo ano 
 calico ConftiIs,anb 24,of tlje refioue,to be nameb ano calleo atftllants to the faibe ©ouemour of 
 gotternours,anD Confute fo? the time being,tohich ujal remaine ano fiann in their authorities fo? 
 one toholcpeere then nertfollotoing. 9nb if it ftjall fortune the faioe <Souernour,Confuls,ano 
 atfidants, 0? anp of tljem fo to be electeb, anb chofen as is afb?efatD,to Die tottbin tlje peere after 
 Ijis 0? their election,that then ann fo often, it ujall anb map be latofull to ano foj the faio felloto« 
 Ojip,anti communaItp,to elect anb choofe ofthcmfclues other ©ouemour 0? gouernours, Con* 
 fuls ano affiflants, in tlje place ann fleaoe of fucljasfo ujallljappentobie, to ferae out the fame 
 peere. 
 
 3nD further toe bo mafee,ojocine,anDconflitute George Barnes knight ano aioerman of out 
 
 CittC Of London.William Garret aiDetman of our faibeCitie,AthonieHu(ie, anD IohnSuth- 
 
 cot,to be the firfl ano pjefent ^.Confuls of the faio felotoujip ann communaltp bp thefe pjefems, 
 to haue anb eniop the fatO offices Of ConfulS to them the fatO George Barnes, William Garret, 
 
 Amhonic 
 
(KMaries patent, Traffiques,& Difcouenes. zdp 
 
 ■ Anthony Hufic,f Iohn Suthcot.fo % tcrme of one tohofe pcre ntxt after p" Date of thefc our letters 
 patents: 3tmuieooeliftetoife mafte,omcine ano conttitute Sir John GrefhamfenigntjSir An- 
 drew Iuddc tmigbt,Sir Thomas White femgtjt,Sir lohn Yorkelmight, Thomas Offieythe el= 
 Der,ThomasLodge,HenryHerdfon,lohn Hopkins, William Wacfon,WilI.CIifcon, Richard 
 Pointer ,RichardChamberlaine, William Mallorie, Thomas Pallietlje ClDcr, William Allen, 
 Henry Becher,Geffrey Walkenden,RichardFowles, Rowland Heyward,George Eaton.Ioha 
 Ellot.IohnSparke.BlafeSander*,^ Miles Mording, to be tbcfirtfanD pjcfcnt i^aiftttants to 
 trjefatoesSouemour 0} goticmour&,ano Confuls.auo to the fato fellorjufijijj aim lomtntmaluebp 
 thefepjefenta.tohauc ano eniop the fam officer of atftttantsto them fo? terme of one nihole pete, 
 ttertaftertheoatcof thefeourletterspatenes, Stoafitwher.toefoi tos",otirhciresano fucctlfo??, 
 as much as in toss is,nii! fr graunt bp tljefe pjerents tonto the faioe ©otternour, Confute, aOiilaus, 
 fellolM(5in ^comnanpof sparcbantsaouenturcrs: afo?efaiD,$ to tljetc fucceffo^s, t!j nt tljc faio go= 
 uernout 0} gouemoucs,4.Coitfuls,gt 24,alfi0;ants,tbat noni bp thctepatcnts arc niominateo ana 
 apuointctojO? that hereafter bp the faioe fellotofhip $ communaltie of marchants aoiuemurers, c? 
 tlje mo je patt of them,nihich Bjalbe then p ?cfcnt,fo from time to time to be thafen/o that there be 
 i y .at t'je leaH tofaalp agrct o thetofthe faio ©ouernour o j gouemo?s,o j one of thcm,anD 2 ,of the 
 fato Confuls (balbe there, ano r 2.of tljerefioue oftlje faio number of 1 5, ujall be of the faioe alfc 
 ftants.aimiit the abfenceofutcb©oueriiour,that then 3.ofthefaiD Confute, ano 12, oftlje faioe 
 atTiitants at the IeaS fo j the time being fljal jmap haue,bfe ano cjccccife ful potoer ano trntljojitp 
 to rule ano gouerne all ano fingulcr the gparcrjnnts of the faio feltoMjip ana communaltie, ana 
 to erecute aim doc full ano fpeeote iutttce to thcm,ano euerp of them.in all their caufes, oifferen* 
 ces,toariance0,ctntrouerlies,quarrels,anri complaints,toJithin anp our realmcs, Dominions 3 iu* 
 afflictions onelp mo uea,ano to be raoueDtoucijingthcirmarchaoDifejtraffikeiS, ano occupiers a s 
 CoycfaiDjO? thegooo omero? rule of them 0? anp of t(jcm. 
 
 : 9lfotoeefo?tos,ottr heiress ano fucceiTourss.fb much as in tosis,Doeliftetmfc bptbefc pjefentss 
 graunt, that the faio ©ouernour, Confute, alfitrants,fellotBfl)ip ano communaltie, ano their fuc< 
 ceflo?s fijall ano map haue perpetual! fuccelfion, ano a common feealctohirlj lha'll perpetually 
 firuefo?theaffatresanDbuCneu"eBfti)efaiDe fellotolbip ano commimaltic, SJnothat thep aim 
 their fucceflbttrSjlball ano map bee foi euerable perfons , ano capar in the latoe, f'oj topurcbafe 
 wmpoffelTeinfeeanoperpetuitie, ano foj terme ofiifeojlities.oj foj tcrme of pccrcso?othcr-- 
 lntfe,lanos .tenements , rents, reuerfions, ano other pofTeffions , aim hercoitaments tohatfoe-- 
 ner thep bee, bp the name oftlje dSouernour, Confutes, alTiiTantg, felloiufljtp ano tommunaltic 
 oftlje Sparchauts asucnturersbp&eas ano legations ft? the Difcoueric of lanteg, terntc= 
 ries,3ieS,Dommions,aim&cignio?iestonfenotoJen, ano befc?c the faioe lalf aouwtture 0? en- 
 terpnfc bp feas not ftequenteD, as befeje isfpccifieD,ano bp the fame names u)all mm map iani= 
 fullp alien, graunt,let ano fee the fame 0? anp part thereof to anp perfon 0? perfomi able in the 
 latoeto take ano rcceiue the fame, feo that tljep Doe not grattnt no? alien the fame,o? anp part 
 tbereofintomortmaine,n3itljout fpeciall licence of to.s, our hcires ojfucceu"ours,rlrlthao ano 
 obtatneo. 
 
 9lfotueefo?tos,ourhciresanti furcefrourShaucgraunteD,aim bpt!jcfep?efentrf oocgratmt 
 into tlje faioe ©ouernourSjConfulSjaffiflantSjfellotoQjip ano comraunaltie of the faioe Spar* 
 thants ano to their fucceflburs, that tfacp aim their fucceuours.fijnll anDmap latofullp purcljafe 
 into them aim their fucceflbjsfo j etter, lanoes^nements ano faercoitamentg toljatlocuer, oftlje 
 fieacepeerelptoalueoftl;)cefco?elt)cei»otmos, thirtceneil)illings?tfotirepeiiceoflau)fu!monep 
 ef England ano not about, as toell of fuchlanos, tenements ano ljereoitamcnts,as bee Ijoloen 
 njfljall be homen of tos,our (jetres 0? utcccliburs , asof anp ther perfon 0? perfons, the ttatutcs 
 pjouioeo againC alienations into mortmaine.o^anp of tljcm ,0^ anp articleo? claufein tljem of 
 anp of them containeo.o? anp otljer lalue,culf ome.ftatuteo? pmuiGon to tlje contrarp in nnp toife 
 ttottooithanoing, 9tm that tljepbp tlje name of the (Souernour,Confuls, afltfrants , feilolufljuj 
 mm communaltie of Sfarchants aouenturcrs, fo? the oifcoucric of lanos territojics,3iffe0,oomt- 
 uions ano !§>eignuvics vmknouieu bp tlje !%cas ano ,^auigations,anD not before the faio lace ao-- 
 wenture 0? enterpnfe bv feas freciuenteo as afo jefaio, fijall aim map be able in t he lain to impleao, 
 aim be tmpleaoco, toanfniere, ano to be anfniereo, tooefenoe,aimto be orfenoco bcfo?eu)hatfoc-- 
 Ker Jtmgeo? 3Iuftice, temporal! 0? fpirituall, o?otljer pcrfotis tuhatfecuer, in luljatfoeuer court, 
 0} courts,ano in all actions perfonalt,reaH,aim mitt, ano in euerp of them, ano in all plaints of no- 
 ucldifleifon.anoalfa in allplamts,fuites,quarelB,affaircs,bufincu"csanooentauims tohatfontcr 
 tljep bee, touching mm concerning tlje faioe fellourtbip ano communaltie, ano tlje affaires ana 
 l)u(tneu"eofthefameonelp,masamplemanneranofo?me, as mip other cejpojatwn of tljis ouc 
 jKeaJmemapaoe, 
 
 5 3 Spojeoucr; 
 
Z70 The Englifh Voyages, Q+Maries patent ?. 
 
 Si9o?eouer;ttj£e ft? bs, out beircs ana fucceffturs,ljaue gium ana grauntea, ana bp theft p?e» 
 fems Doe giuc una graunt bnto tlje fain o3oucrnour,Confuls, afftffants,feilotofijippe, ana com* 
 munaltie of a^axcbanes aauenturers aft?efaioe,ann to their fucceffturs , tljat tbe faiae <8ouet* 
 nour, 0? (Soucmours, Contois ana afftftants, ana their fucceflbjs.tn maner,ft?me,ana number 
 afo?e rt^earfco, (ball baue full pomcr ano aut^ojute from time to time ljereafter,to makcojoefo, 
 ettabltftj ana errct all fuel) flatutes,actes ano o?ainaunces, ft? the gouernement, good rnnaitum, 
 ana laun able nil e of the faiae fellomujip ano communaltie of SgJarchants aauenturers afo jeTauj, 
 astotbem (ball 'oee thought gooa, meete»conueuient ana neceffarft, ana alfo toaamit unto rfce 
 faiae Co?po?arton ano f ellotoujip ito be free of the fame, fucb ano as manp perftns,as to tljem (bat 
 bee thought gtjoo,meete,conuenient ana neceu"arft.ana that mrpfuetj perftn oyperftns, as 
 (ball fortune bcereafter to bee aomtttco into tlje faiae felloboujippe, communaltie ana comojati* 
 on,tfjal from tlje time ofijtjs 0? ttjeir aamittance,be free of tlje fame . 9na alio toce mill, ana bp 
 tbetep?efcnts graunt ft? bs.ottt: beircs ana fucceffturs,bnto tlje faioe ©ouernours, Confute, a£ 
 fiflants,felloMjip,communaltie of Sparcbants aouenturers aft?efaia, ana to their fucceffturs, 
 tljat tbe ©cuemour,o? gouernojs^onfuls ano afuftants of the fame,in maner,fo?me,anamtm» 
 ber afo?e reljearfeo, ano tljcir fucceffours ft? tlje time being, {ball, ano map haue fun potoer ano 
 autbo?itic bp tbefep?efents from time to time, as to them ftjal feemc gooa, to ltmite,fet, o?aeute 
 ano mak e, mulcts, ano penalties bp 6nes,ft?feitures,? imp?ifonments,o? anp of them bponanp 
 offenoer of tbefataefelloajfbtp ano communaltie, ft? aup offence touching tbe fame fellotofljip 
 ano comwunaltie, ano alfo tljat all acts ana o?oinanceS bp them 0? their fucceffours to bee maae, 
 Mjicljtmteujalltbinkenotneceffarieojp^eiuaiciaUtotljefaitiefellolMujip 0? communaltie, at 
 al times w reuoke,b?eake,fruflrate,annibilate,repcale ana atffoltte at thetr pleafureano libertp, 
 ano further, toe totll.tbat if anp of the faioe fellotofbip ano communaltie fljalbeftnna contrary 
 ous, rebeilious,o ? atfobcatent to the faiae tScucrnour 0? gouernours, Confuls, ana tbe faia afu> 
 Cants ft? tbe time being, 0? to anp flatutes, acts 0? finances bp them maoe 0? to be maae,tbat 
 then tbe faioe ©cucrnour ? gotternours,Confuls,ano the faiae afftftants, in maner, fo?me, ana 
 number abott 1 fpecifico, ft? tbe time being, (ball ano mapbp bertue of tbefe p?efents, mulct, ano 
 punifb euerp ifuclj offenoer 0? offenoers,as tbequalitp of tlje offenre requtretb,acco?aing to tbcfr 
 gooooifcrcticms. 
 
 Sno further, we toill ttjat none of the faioe offender } offenaers ftjafl aeclinefrom tlje potoee 
 oftbc faioe Ciaunnour.o? gouernours, Contois ana au*i8ants,iu maner, ft ?me, ano number a* 
 bouefaioe ft? tljcximc being : ft alb)apes,tljat the faioe actes, flatutes ano ojainances, ace oneIp 
 touch ano concerne tbe faioe ©oucrnour 0? gouernours, Contois, afftftants, ana the fatae Fel» 
 lotofbip anoi;ommunaltieofourbefo?enamco£parcbantsaauenturers, o?tljemenof the fame 
 fellotofbip atm communaltie, ana none other ; 3no ft altoapes, that fuclj their acts, flatutes ano 
 o?oinances feee not againflotu;p?erogatiue,laiues, flatutes, ano cuKomes of our rcalmes ann 
 Dominton0,no?contrarptothefeuerallouetieofanpour fubiectstotoaras bs, our beires ano 
 fuccclfbttrs, no? contrarie to anp compacts, treaties 0? leagues, bpbSo? anp our pjogenitour* 
 beretoftje h jo 0? maoe, 0? hereafter bp bs, our Ijeires ano fucceffours to bee maae,to or toitb aim 
 ft?reinelP?inceo? potentate, no? alfo to the p?eiuaiceoftbeco?po?ation of tbe Spaio?, cemmu* 
 nalties ano &tti?cns of one Citie of Lonooii , no? to tbe p?eiuoice of anp perftn 0? perftns; 
 booic politique, o?co?po?ate,o?inco?po?ate,iuftlpp?etcnaing, clapming, 0? bauinganpli* 
 berries , francbtfes , p?iuileDgcs, rigbtcs 0? p?eljemiriences, bp bertue o?p?etert of anie 
 graunt, gift, 0? Letters patents, bpbS,o? anie our p?ogenitours, b«rooft?e giuen , graun» 
 teo,o?maoe. 
 
 epo?eo«cr ; toc ft? bs, our heites, ana fucceffours, mill, ano bp tljefe p?efents,aoc graunt bnto 
 tbcfaiD©oucruo?3,Confuls,amflants,fcllotoujipanocommunaltieofotu;S3arcljantsaft?efato, 
 that their fain ©our monr 0? gouernours, Confuls ano affiflants,ano tljeir fucceffbjs ft? the time 
 being,in maner,fo?me ana number aboue rehearfcn.Ojal Ijaue full potoer ana autbo?itpto affigne, 
 conflitutc ano o?oaitxe one officer, 0? oiuers officers as ioell totrljin cur afo?efaioe Citie of ion* 
 oon , as alfo in anp other place 0? places of this our Reaime of England , 0? elfe inhere tottbtB 
 our Dominions, tol)!chofftccro?offtccrs,bjeeb)tlltobenameoana calleabptbenameof &er* 
 geant o? Sergeants to the fellottlbip 0? communaltp of tlje faia martljants, ana tljat tlje fcta fer» 
 gcant o? fergeants, (ball ana map Ijaue fullpoboer ana autljo?itie bp tbefe p?efcnts, to tafee, leuie 
 ano gather all maner fines, forfeitures, penalties ana mulcts of euerp perftn anoperfons,of tbe 
 faiae fdlotoOup ano communaltie conutct, ano tljat fbalbe conuicteo,apon 0? ft? bjeafemg of anp 
 Catutes,acts,o?oinances, to bee maoe bp tlje faiae ©ouernour 0? gouernours, Confuls ana affl* 
 Cants ft? the time being. 
 
 ana further, toee toill ana alfo grauntft? bs,our Ijeires ana fucceffours, that the faiaeoffces 
 
QJilaries patent. Traffiques,& Difcouenes. 271 
 
 o? officers lijall {jauefucc^ecpouier anu aucljo^itic fo? ttjc Default of papmcnt,o?foroifobeoicnce 
 inthisbebalfe(ifnceoebe)tofet bancs ano arreffaftocll the booicanobooies, ascbegooDSano 
 chattels of fucb offenoer.ano offenocrs, 9 tranfgreffcr0,m euerp place ano places not francljifco. 
 ano ific fljall fortune anpfuc!joffenoero?offenoers, tljeir gooos ano chattels 0} anp part tljcrc- 
 of, to be in anp cttie,bo?ougb,totone incorporate^? other place francljifeu 0? p^tutlcDgeo , inhere 
 the fate officer 0? officers map not latofullp intromit 0? intermeooie.tbat then the £©ato?,fijirtfps, 
 baplifes,ano other beao officers,oj minitters,toithiu eucrp fucb citie,borottgb,totonc incorporate, 
 0? placco? places francbifeo, Upon a precept to them,o? anpof tljcm, to be oirccteo from tlje go» 
 uernour 0? gouernours.Confuls ana afltttants of tbefaio fellotofljip, in number ano fomte afo?e= 
 . rato,bnoec the common feale of the fapo fellotofljip ano communaltie fo? the time bcing.fljall ano 
 map attach 9 arreff the boop 0? booics of fucb offenoer 0? offenoers,as alfo eaf?e,anti fei fe the 50000 
 ano chattels of all ano euerp fucb offenoer o? offenoers, being toitbin anp fiicljplace 0? places 
 : ftancbifeo, ano tbe fame boop ano boeies , gooos ano chattels of all ano eucrp fuel; offenoer ano 
 offenoers,being toitbin anp fucb place 0? places francbifeo,ano euerp part tbcrof fo attaches ano 
 fea?eo,ujall acco?omg to the teno? ano purport of the fapo precept , returne, ano oeliucr unto tlje 
 L fapo officer 0? officers of the afojefaio fellotofljip, ano conmtunaltie. 
 
 ano furthcr,toe toill ano grant fo? bs,our beires ano fucceffours bp tbefe p?efents,tlj« aH,antj 
 euerp fuctj £pato?, fljirife,bapItfe,o? other beao officers 0? miniffers of anpeitie, borough, totone 
 inco?po?ate,o ? other places f rancbifco,fljall not be impeacbeo, moleffeo, bereo 0? fueo in anp out 
 court 0? courtS,fo? erecuting 0? putting in execution of anp of tlje faiop?ecept 0? precepts. 
 
 9no furtbermo?e,toe of our ample ano abunoant grace,m.eere motion, ? certaine fcnotoleoge, 
 fo ?OS,our heires >ano fucceffo?S, as much as in bs is, baue giuen ano granteo, ano bp tbefe p?e* 
 fcntsooe giue ano grant Ditto tlje fapo gouernour,£onfuIs,aulffant8,feIIotofljip, ano comminaf" 
 tie of StEterchants aouenturers,ano to their fucceffo?s,ano to the facto? ano .factors, affigne ano 
 affignes of euerp of them, ful ano freeautbo?itie, Itbertie, faculticano licence, anDpotoer to faile 
 to aIlpo?tes,regions,Dominions, territories, lanoes,3fles,aflanos,ano coafles of tlje fca,toljcre= 
 foeuer before tljeir late aouenture 0? enterpjifeonfenotoen, 0? bp our S@archants ano fubiects bp 
 the feas not heretofore commonlp frcquenteo , bnoer our banner, fianoero, flags ano enlignes, 
 toitlj tljeir fljippe, fljipSjbarae^inneffeSjanD all otfjer beffcls of uibatfceuer portage,bulb.e, quan* mtwluZ 
 titie or qualitte tljep map be,ano toich anp SpacinerSjanomen as tbep toillleaDc tottlj them infuclj & mb P B ° t " ra ' 
 fljippe or ftjippes, or other oeffels at tljeir otone ano proper colls ano erpcnces,fo? to traff!quc,oe= l"LS°»tn 
 Tcrte,oifcouer ano finee,tobatfoeuer 31ffe,31flanos,countreiS, regions, prouinces, crcefc.es, amies mm 
 of the fea,riuers $ ffreames, as toel of <SentiIes,as of anp other Cmpero?, King,p?ince,gouern0? 
 0? Ho?o tohatfoeuerhc 0? tljep ujalbe,ano in toljatfoetter part of the too?lD tbep be fuuatco, being 
 before the fapo late aouenture o? enterp?ifebnkmJtoen,anDbpour Ojjarcbants ano fubiects not 
 commonlp frequeteo t ano to enter ano lano in the fame.toitbout anp maner of ocnping^ainejpc* 
 naltie 0? forfeiture to be hao or taken bp anie our latoes, cuftomes or Statutes to our bfc, 0? to the 
 bfe of our heires o\ fuccelfors f 0? the fame. 
 
 > Snotoehaue alfo granteo, ano bp tbefe p?efcnts,fo? US.ottr heires ano fucceuo?S,t!oe graunt 
 into the fapo (Souemours, Confute, affiflants, fellotofljip ano comminaltp, anototbeirfuccef-- 
 fours.ano to their factors ano a(ugnes,ano to euerp of tbem,licence for to reare,plant,erect,aiio 
 faftenourbannerSjffanoaros.flagSjanoCnflpcs.intohatfoeuercitiejtotone.biilage.cattlcSillc, .. -a 
 or maine lanoe.tohiclj fljall be bp them netolp founo.toitbout anp tlje penalties.fojfciture&o? oau^ . 
 gers aforefapoe,ano that the fapo fellotofljip ano comminaltp, ano tljeir fucceuo?s, factors $ at S. * tu 
 fignes ano eucrp of them fijallanomap fuboue 3 poffefle ano occupie , all maner cities, totoncs, 
 31iJes,ano maine lanos ofinfioelitie, toljich is or fljall be bp them, ojanpof tljtm netolp foimoe 
 oroefctieb , as our baffals ano fubiects, ano for to acquire ano get tbeDominion,title, ano iurif< 
 oiction of the fame Cities,^Lotones , Caflles , tillages , 31fles , ano maine lances,- tobicb fljall 
 bee bp them, oranpoftljem netolp oifcouereoor founobntobs, our heires ano fucceffours fo? 
 eucr. 
 
 ano furthermore , tohereasbptlje bopage of our fubiects in this lafl jj pecre attempteo bp Anno.j J4 , 
 S^auigation, totoarostheBifcouerie ano oifclofure of bnknotoen places, Kea!mcs,3|flanDes, 
 iano Dominions bp the feas not fcequentco, it Ijathpleafeo 9lmightp <Soo to caufc encofthe 
 three ujippes bp tljcm fct foortlj for the bopage, snD purpofe aboue mentionco, nameo tlje 
 Edward Bonauenture, to arriue, abioe, anOtointertoitljin the Empire ano Oominions of the 
 liighanomightie IPrmce our co«Cn ano brother, JL010 lohn Bafiliuich Cmperour of all Ruf- 
 fia, Volodomer, great ouke of Mofcouic, fc t OTjo, of his clemcncic , fojourloueano 
 ?eale,6iDnotonelpaomittcthe Captaine,anomarcljantsour fubiects into Ijis protection, ano 
 l^rincelp pjefence, but alfo receiuco ano iiitercaineo them berpgraciouflp, ano fjonourablp, 
 
 granting 
 
 . II 
 
zyz 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, Turfers inflruUions. 
 
 UlttB pjtlll* 
 
 IrFgrelituo 
 
 ^T&etorgetieo 
 cftlic jjjmio 
 IcBgeoHlje 
 {&ofroiiitc 
 coiiTpauir. 
 
 Anno 15$$. 
 
 granting unto tbcmbp his letters aODjcueo bnto »s, franbe acccfle into all his g>eignio?ie* 
 ano Dominions, tottb licence freelp to traffique in anoouttottb alibis feubifctss inallktnoeof 
 . C^arcljaBDifc, lutclj outers otljcr gracious! p^turtgogeia , liberties ano immimitiesfpecifieoinbif* 
 fapoe letters nnoer bis Signet ; IKnoto pee therefore thattoee of out fur tl;cr ropall fauout 
 ano munificence , ofourmeere motion, certaineknotoileoge, anofpectall pare, fo? ijp cttr 
 rjeirejs ano fuccetfours , haue gtucn ano gtannteo , ano bp thefe pjtfents roe giue ano grant bn< 
 to the fame 6oueriiours,ConfuIs,affifiants } fellom(htp,ano ccmunaltp abotte nameo,snD to theit 
 fuccefTourSjasnmcbasiniJSiSjtljatailtljemapnelanBeSjSlfles^o^tes, bauetw,creekts,anl)rt« 
 uersof tbefaiomightp^nmerourofallRdfia, and great oukeofMofco^c, Sncall ano fin" 
 fitiIerotbcrIanDs,oominitins,territo?ieB J 3Ifles,l9o?tes,ljaitens,creeRes,riuers,armesoft^e&a', 
 of aiantieuerpotljeri2mpero?,Rtng J punce ) rttler ano goucrnojjtobatfoeuer be o?tbcp before t|e 
 faio late aoenturc oj enterpjtfe not knotoen, o } bp our fojefapo marchants ami fubiects bp tljc 
 feas,notcommonlp frequenteo,no;bpanppartno;iparcellthereof Ipingjftojtbtoares, 39o?tb.* 
 eaftuiartejO? f3ojtbtoeffuiaros,as ifrafo?efapo,bp fea (ball not be biGteo, frequented noj bantea 
 bp anp our fubiects,otber then of tbe fapo companp ano feIotoj(bip,aiiO theirfucceflours toritbout 
 cpp?cffc Itccncejagreement ano ronfent oftrje <Bouernour,Confuls,anD affittants of the fatti fe* 
 iotofbip ano communaltic aboue namco,o? the mo?e part of tbem, in manner ano number afoje* 
 fapo/c? trje time being, upon patne of forfeiture . ano loffe, as tocll of tbe (bippe ano u)ippcs,n)itrj 
 the appttrtcnauce3,as aifo of alltrje gooDS,marchanbif£ s, ano things U'hatfoetttr tbcp be, of thofe 
 our fubiects,not being of the fapo felotofbip ano communaltp, Mjich (ball attempt overtime 
 to fade to anp of thofe places , tobtcb b£e, o^ hereaf ttr iball beppen to bee found , ano traffikca 
 into: tbe one balfe of the fame forfeiture to be to tbe ufe of Ds,our beires ano uicceflbjs,and the o=» 
 iber balfe to be to the ufe of the fapo fellolnujip ano ccmmunaltie. 3nD if it (ball fortune ante 
 firanger 0} flrangcrS,fo? to attempt to butt, binder, oj enoamage the fame maribantg,tbcir fat* 
 to?s, Deputies o? afTignes, oj anp of them in failing, going o? returning at anp time in tbe fapo ao« 
 ueimirc,o?fojtofaileojtraDctoojfrom anp thofe places, lanoesoj ccafles, tobiclj bptbefapa 
 marcljants, thuc factors, Deputies and atfignesbauebene, o?fl)allbeeoefcri£D,oifcouer£oann 
 founo,ojfrequenteD,aftoeIl toitfjiti tbe coafles ano limites of gentilt'tp, astotthinthe dominions 
 anoS>eignio?ies of tbe fapo migbtp ^mperour ano Duke, ano of all ano euerpotber Cmpe* 
 rour,King,Pri"ce,^«Jer ano gotternourUihatfocuer be o?tbepbe,befoje tbe fapo late aouenture 
 oj cnterpnfe not knotoen bv anp our faio marchants ano fubiects, bp t be feas not con;monIp fre* 
 quented, anoiptng jftouhuJaros, 3ftfl?tljn)eQu)aros o? ji^ojtbeafttoaros as afo?efato, tljenttee 
 mill anD grant,ano bp tbefe p^cfentsooe licence, ano autbojtfe fojtos, our ijeircs ano fucceu*b?s» 
 tbe faio marcljants.tbetr factorSjOcputies^no atTignes 3 ano cuerp of them to ooc tbeir befl in theic 
 oefence, to refitt the fame their enterprtfes ano attempts, SOilling tbercfo?e,ano Cratgbtlp com* 
 manoing ano charging al ano fingulcr our SDfftccrSjSeaiors.i&henfes.Cfclieatorg, Cor.Bablcsf, 
 "Bailifes, ami all ano fuigulcr other ourminiflers anoliege men,anDfubiects n)batfocuer,to bee 
 ato ing, fattourtng,hcIping f affifting bnto the fapo goueruour o? gouernours,Confuls, affiflants, 
 fellotofljip ano communaltp, ano to tbeirfuccelTeo?B ano Dcputi£S,facto?s,f£rtiams,anOaulgnes, 
 ano to the Deputies, factors ano aflipes of cuerp of tbem, in executing ano eniopingthepjemif* 
 fes, astocllonlanoasintbefea,from timetotime, ano at all timeia toben pouojanpof pou 
 0;aHbetljemmtorequireo, 3In toitnefTe ttJljcrcof, ?c. 
 
 Apud Weftmonafterium.d die Feb. Annisregnorum noflro- 
 rum, primo & fecundo. 
 
 Certaine inftrucStions deliuercd in the third voyage,Anno i jj5. 
 
 {01B.upa.XQ euery Purfcrand the reft of the feruants 3 takcn for the 
 
 voyage, which may feme as good and neceffary directions, 
 to all ocher like aduenturers, 
 
 3IrttpouChall before tlefljipootb begin to laoe, goe aboo?o, anoCjalltrjere 
 taRe.ano to?itc one inutntojie, bp the aouife of the Staffer , o? of feme other 
 pjincipall officer there aboojo.ofalltbe tatRlc,apparell, csbles,ankcrs, ojdp 
 nancejCbambcrSjUjot, potooer, artillcrie, ano of ail ether nccclTarics luhatfo' 
 cuerootb belong to the fapo fijip; ano the fame iuQIp taken, pou ujalltojite 
 in a boobemaking the fapo Smaller , o? fuel) officer puufe of that tohich P ot * 
 batiefotB?itten,fo that the fame map not be oenieij, toben tljepfi)all callarcompt thereof: that 
 cone, pou (hall m jit e a topic of the fame toitb pour obmc l;ano, tobiclj pou (ball telwct befoje the 
 
 Ojiype 
 
 
Surfers inHruUions. Traffiques,and Diicoueries. 273 
 
 fljippefballDepart.fo? ttje V3opag;e to tljc companicg booke keeper here to be kept totljctr ticljalfc^ 
 rotbeenDethatthepmap bciuttlp anfwercotbe fame, When time (ball require: ano this o?oer to 
 be fec'ne aim Kept euerp bopage o?oerlp,bp the Ipurfers of the companies ownc (bip,in anp ttife. 
 
 2 9lfo WljcHtheujippebegmnetbto Iaoe.pou (ball be reaDp a boo?o With pour booke, to enter 
 fuch gooos as (ball be brought aboo?D,to be laocn fo? the companp, packeD, o? bnpackeo , taking 
 tbemarkesanD numbcrsof euerp packe.farocll, truttc, o? packet, co?ouopa, chett^atte, buttc, 
 pipe,punchcon, Whole barrell,halfe barrel!, firken, o? other cafkemaunoe, o? bafkec.o? anp otljer 
 thing,whicbmap,o?fbaIlbepackeobp anp other manner ofwaieso? ocuiff, 3nDfirtt, all fucb 
 packes,o ? truttcs, £ei as (bal be b?ougbt aboo?o to be laDen,not markeD bp the companies matke, 
 pou (ball Doe the bett to let that tie famebenotlaDcn,ano to enquire Diligcntlp to kuoWtheoW- 
 ners thereof, if pou can, anD what commoDitie tlje fame is.tbat is fo b?ought aboo?D to be laoen : if 
 pou can not know the owners of fucb gooos, learne what pou can thereof, as Well making a note 
 in pour booke, as alfo to fenoo? b?ing Wo?D tbereof to tlje agent, anoto fomeoncoftbefoure 
 sparchants With him aoioincD fo tpecoiip as pou can,if it be here laoen o? to be laoen in this riuer, 
 being not markeo With tlje companies markc, as is afo?efaio : ano when tljefapo (btppe hatlj re* 
 cenico in all tljat the companies 3gcnt mill hauelaoen, pott (bal make a iuit copie of that which is 
 Uoen, reciting tlje parcels,thc markes ano numbers of euerp tljing plainelp,Wbiclj pou (hall Itke= 
 toifeDeliuertotbetapo bookekcepertotbebfe afo?efapo. 
 
 3 3lfo When the ffjip is reaDp to Depart, pou (ball come fo? pour cockecs ami letters' to tlje 3. 
 gent,ano (ball ffjeW him all fucb letters as pou haue receiuco of anp perfon o? perfons p?iuatelp o? 
 openlp,to be oett'uereD to anp perfon o? perfons in Ruflia o? elfewbere , ano alfo to Declare if pou 
 know anp otljer that Gjall patte in the (hip either matter o? mariner that hath receiuco anp letters 
 to be p?iuilp Deliuereo to anp there,oirecceD fro anp perfon o? perfons, other tb en from tlje 3gent 
 here to tbe 3gent there:Whiclj letters fo bp pou receiueD,pou (ballnot carie With pou,luitljcut pou 
 be IicenceD fo to Doe bp tlje 3gent here,ano fome of tbe foure mercbants,as is afo?efapo : ano fucb 
 others as do palfe, bauing receiuco anp p?tuie letters to be DeIiucreD,pou ujal all tbat in poulietb, 
 let the oeliuerie ofthem at pour arrtutng in Ruflia:ano alfo if pott Ijaue o? do receiue,o? ttjal know 
 anp other that ootlj o? bath recetueo anp gooos o? reaDp monep to be implopeo in Ruflia,o? to bee 
 DeuuereDtheretoanpperfono?perfon8fromanpperfon o? perfons, otljer thenfuch as beetlje 
 companies gooos, ano thatbnoer (heir marke, pou (hall before the (hip ooetb Depart , Declare the 
 fame trttelpto the fapD 3gcnt,anD (o fome of the other merchants to him 8DiopneD,as it is before 
 Declareo, 
 
 4 3lfo tuljen the (btppe is reaDp to Dcparc.ano Ijatlj tlje matter ano the luljole companp aboo;D, 
 pou (bad Diligentlp fo k fee ano take heeoe, that there patte not anp pnuie perfon o; perfons,orT)ec 
 thenfucljasbe autljoji?eDtopa(reintIjefatDujip 3 without tljelicence ano tuarrant of one of tbe 
 <SouernoursanDoftljea(ltttants,fo? the fame bis pau"age,to be firS ujciueo* 9m> if there be anp 
 fetch perfon o? petfons tljat is to patte ano "tuill patte tuitljout fljeluing the fame luarran t,pou mall 
 letthepattageofanpfuchtotlje bttermottof pour potter: 9nDfo? tljat there map no fucbpjtuu? 
 perfon patte bnoer the cloke attD colour of fome mariner, pou (hall topon tlje tteping of pour fljtps 
 anker, call tlje matter ano the mariners within boojo bp their names anD that bp pour bookes, to 
 tljeenoe tljat pou map fee tljat pou baue neither moje nojlette , but iutt tbe number fo? tlje 
 Uopase. 
 
 5 9lfo pou mutt Ijauc in remembrance , that if it (ball chance the ttjippe to bee put into anie 
 harbour in this coatt bp contrarp winocs oj otljtrWifc in making tlje Dopage, to ftnD Wojd t^ere* 
 of from time to time as the cafe (ball require, bp pour letters in this maner, Co matter I.B. 3* 
 gent fo? tlje companp of tlje $2ew traDes in S, in London : 3f pouooe hier anp to b?ing pour let* 
 ters,W jite that Which he mutt baue fo? the po?tage,9nD fo? pour better knoWleoge ami learning, 
 pou QjallDo berp Well to kcepe a oaplp note of tlje bopage both outwaros ano homeWarDs, 
 
 6 3no p?incipallp fee that pou fb?get not oaplp in all tlje boiage bot^ mo?ning anD euening, to 
 call tlje companp ttithin boo?D to p?aper , in which Doing pou ftjall pleafe (Sod , ano t&e boiage 
 toillhauethebettcrfuccettetljerebp ) anDtljecompanpp?ofperthebetter i 
 
 7 Slfoincalme weather anD at other times When pou (hall fo?tune to come to anker hi the 
 feas During tlje bopage, poufijallfo? tlje companies p?ofite, anofo?thegooDhufbanDingoft^e; 
 bictuals aboo?D,callbpon thclSoatcfWaine ano other of tlje companp to life fuchhookesanD other 
 engines as thephaueaboo?D to take RttjWith, tljat fuchfiujfo taken map bee eaten fo? the caufe 
 afo?efapo: ano if tljere bee no fuch engines aboo?D, then to p?ouioe fome befo?e pou goe from 
 hence. 
 
 8 9nDWhen(SoDujalIfenDpouinfafetieintot^e'Sapofi&.Nicholasatan anker, pou (hall 
 goe a (ho?e With tlje firtt boate tljat IballDepatt from t^e ttjip, taking wnh pou fucb letters as pou 
 
 baue 
 
274. The Englifli Voyages, TurfersinUruUions. 
 
 Ijauc to ocltucr to tbe agent there :ffltcifbe be not tbere at pout cemmmga lane, tbcnfcnotbe 
 companies letters toColmogro to bim bp fome furc mariner 0? othcrtoifc,astbe matter and you 
 (ball cljinKc befl , but goe not pour felfe at anp banc, no? pet from aboo?D tlje fijtp , bnlfffeit beca 
 fbo?e to treate toitlj the agent fa? the lacing of tlje fijip that pou be appointed) in, tobtcb pou ujall 
 applieDtligentlptobaueconefofpeecilpasmapbe. ami foj tlje oifcbatgmg of tlje gocug there* 
 in m tbc T5ap , to be catruc from tbence, fee tljar pou 00c looke uirll to trje bnlsoing tbcreof.tljac 
 tljerc be none other gooes fent a fijoje then tlje companies, ane acceding to the notes entree in 
 ponr booke as is afo jefaic ; if tbere be,inquirc Diligently fo? tobom tljep lec,anc tobat goons tbcp 
 be, noting tobo is the recciuer of tlje fapn gooes, m fuck fojt ttjat tbe companp map [janeefce true 
 fciiofc)letia;e tbercof at pour commingbome, 
 
 9 aifo tbere a fljoje, ano liketoife abooje, pou (ball fpie ano fearcb as fecrc tip as pott map, to 
 learneano knouitobatbargaining,buping ano felling there is toitb the matter ano tbemarincrs 
 of tlje ujippe ano tlje Ruffes, ojuiitljtbe companies feruants tljere : anc that tobiclj pou ujall 
 uerceiucancicarne, pou ujall keepe a note thereof in pour booke fecretlp to pourfelfe, tubt'eb 
 pou fijall open ano oifclofe at pour comming borne to tbe gotternours ano afftttants , in fuclj tb?te 
 as tbe trttctlj of tbeir ferret traces ano otcuppings map be rcuealeo ano fcnotoen. £?ou ujal nee» 
 aluiapestoljaue Argos epes, to fpie their ferret packing anc conucpance, aftocll en lane as a* 
 boo;otbeajippe, of ano fo? fucb furres ano other commodities, as pecrelp tbepooebfeco bup, 
 packcanccomtepbitbcr. 3if pouniiflbecbigilant anb fecreteintbis article, pou cannot miffe to 
 fpictfectr pu'ute packing one tottrj another, either on (bojc o?aboo?c the ujippe! too?ke herein 
 lufeip.ane pou (ball ocferuc great tkanks of tbe totjolc company, 
 
 I o 9lfo at tlje lacing againc of tbc fbippe , you ujall continue anb abide atop , to tbe ence 
 that pou map note ane ui?ite in pour booke all fuebgooos anc marcbar.eifes as ujall be brought 
 «no laocn, toljiclj pou fijall ejberlp note mall fortes as beretofo?e,as in tbe feconb article partlp it 
 is toucljeo : ano in anp nrife put tbe Spatter ano tbe companp in remembrance, to looke ano foje* 
 fcefttbttantiallptotbe roomaging of tl;e ujippe, bpfcurc meanes 0} treats , as pou ujall fee ano 
 tljinke toill ferue foj tbe beu\ 
 
 II 'ftbustohen tbc ujippe is full Iabcnagame.anti all things aboo?cingooD o?cer, anctbat 
 pou ooe fortune to goe a ttjoje to tbe agent fo ? pour Ictters,ano oifpatdj atoap : pou ujall oemanD 
 ttljetlj et all tbe gooos be laocn tbat mere bjougbt tbitbcr.anb to know tbc truetlj tljcrof,pcu thai 
 rcpairc to the companies ttojeljoufe there at S.Nicbolas, to fee if tljere be anp goocsieft in tbe 
 fapo ttojcboufe j if therebe.pott ujalocmanetoJbp tfacp be notlaoen, anb note tobat kinoc of gooes 
 tbep be t fc-at be fo left : anb feeing anp of tbe ttjippes tbere not f tillp lacen,pou ujall put tlje agent 
 inreniembjancetolaectbofegoocsfolefc, ifanpfucbbetobelabcn, asis arojefapo. 9nctbus 
 (Sod fencing pou a faire uiina, to make fpeece ano atoap, 
 
 1 a jf iHallp,toIjen<SoD ujall fenepou to arrtue againebpon this coafl in fafetie, eitber at Har- 
 wich, o?elfeb3!jcre, goenotpoualanb, tfpoumappoffiblie,totbeenDetljatn>hcnpoubegone 
 nujoje, tljere map no gooes be fent pjmilp ai5M)?e to be foine, ojelfe to be foloe abooiB tbe ftjip 
 tnpourabfence.butkeepepoiiCillabDojo.ifpoucanbpanpmeaneSjfo^tljecaufesafojefaio^anB 
 tojitetbe companpaletterftomrijefljippeofpourgooearriuall, tonjiebpoumapconuep to them 
 bp lane bp fome bop 0? mariner oftbe ujippe .ojotbertoife as pou ujall cbinke befl: aneliketoife 
 ruljctt ©00 ujall fenopouano tbe ujippetnto tlje riuer here, Doe not in anp totfe Depart out of tbe 
 ftjtppe tljat pcu be in, bnttl tlje companp Doe fene fome other aboop tbe ujippe, in pour fleece ano 
 giacc, to keepc tbe ujippe in pour abfence , 
 
 TheNauigation and difcouerie toward the riuer ofO^made 
 
 by Matter sttuen Burroughs Mafter of the Pinneffe called the Serch- 
 
 thrifc,with diucrs things worth ihe noting, pafled in the yere 1 5 5 6, 
 
 Kpiiiis. ^^^ga2€DepartcDfromRatcIiftetoBIackewalltbC2jofap?il, sg>atturDap being &. 
 
 MarkesOap,toCDepartCD from Blackewall to Grays. 
 
 ' ^ezy being Epunoap, tbe rigljtK1o?Oiipfuil Sebaflian Cabota came a» 
 
 boo]toour'PiRneffeatGrauefcndc, acccmpaiiieou)itbciuers@entlemen. ano 
 
 (SentIebJomen,b)boaftertbattbepbac bietueo ourl3inncffc,anDtafleo effucb 
 
 cljeere as uiecoulo make tbtmaboo?D, tbep toeut on ujoje.giuing toour maru 
 
 ncrsrigbtlibfrallrctoaros: anc tlje goocoloe (Sentleman S©aflcr Cabota gauetotbe poo^e 
 
 moft liberal! almcs, toiujingtbemtop?apfoji tlje gooD fortune, anc pjofpcrousfucceffeoftbe 
 
 Serchthrife, DurPmncffe. anCtbenattbeftgneof tlje Chriftophcr, bee ano bis frienos banket* 
 
 tcB,ancnwoc me, anc tbemtbatttcre in tbe companp great cljeere ; ancfo^berpioptbatlje bac 
 
 to 
 
 37 
 
Steum'Burro'we. Traffiques,& Difcouenes/ 275 
 
 to fee tlje totoaranes of our intenocB oifcouecp.be cntrea into tljc oanceljintfelfCjamongfitljc reft 
 of the pounganBlufip company ttobicb being cnaeB,ljceanB i)i& frieiias ctparteo mo2 gcntlp, 
 commencing bs to tlje goucrnance of almightp wan. 
 ©ucfoap toeroocftill at Grauefend.makingpjouiGon fo? fuel) things as toe tuantco. 2 8 
 
 t<Beonefoapintbcmojning toe Df partcQ from Grauefende, the lumoe being at igjout&toeff, 2 p 
 tljat night toe came to an ankf r tbtoart cut Loop of Hollands. 
 
 ©jiitfoap at tb?ce of the clocke in tbcmo?mng toe tocpea,ana bp f tgljt of the clocke.toe toere 30 
 at an anker in Orwell toanne s,ana then incontinent 31 tocnt abooja tlje Edward Bonauenture, 
 toljere the toor&jipfull companp of marcbants appomtco me to be, bntill the fapa gooo fljip arri» 
 uca at Wardhoufe, ©bcn31returncBagaiueintotbepinneffe. Jiiotc 
 
 f rioap the 1 5 of 9$ap toe toerc toithin 7 leagues! of the ujojc, on tlje coafl of Nor way : thelati« Ma y l 5» 
 tune at a ?§>outb funne, 58 acgrcesana a Ijalfejtobcrc toe fato tbjcefailes.brfiac our otone com* 
 panptana thus toefollotoea the fijoareo? lano,tobicbl!etb jOojtfono jtbtoetyftojth ano bp Mztt, 
 ana .iftojtbtoca ano bp &Q#hM it ootlj appearc bp the plat. 
 
 g)atutDapatan«Ealifunnetoecameto^.Dunftans3ilIanti, toljiclj 3[flano 31 fonameo. 3!t IO - 
 , tons off OS €att ttoo leagues «na a balfe,tbe toino being at S»otttheaQ : the latitttce this Dap at a 
 S&ottth funne 59 aegrccs,42 minutes, aifo tbc high rottno monntame bare Ca3 of bs.at a foutb 
 funne : ano toljcn this bill is €afl of pou,ano being bouno to the jl2o?tbtearD,tbe lants Jpcth 5^0 jtlj 
 ana balfe a point ancfierlp, from this fapa S>cutlj funne , bmo a jI2o jtlj funne ttocntp leagues 
 . pojtbtoett alongQ tlje fljoare. 
 
 Slpen !§>unoap at Gre of tfje clocke t'n tlje moaning, the farrljett lana tljat toe cculo fee that lap 1 7 
 J!2o£tbnojcbtocft 3 toa&€aG ofas tb^cc leagucs,ano then it trcnaea to tlje jfroj tbtoaras, ano to the 
 (gafltoaras of tlje #o?tb,tobiclj beaalana 31 tuageo to be Scoutfnefle, St fcucn of the clocke toe 
 djaugea our cotirfc ano toent j5o?tij,tlje toinB being at &outbfouthcatt,ano it tonreo betp thick 
 anomiUicanbtoljcnitclecreo.toetocntjaojtljnojtheaff, 9ta^outljfunnc toe loftGgbtoftbe 
 Serchthrift,becaufeofthemitt, making our toapjftojtlj. ano toljentoe lott figljt of tfjc fboarc 
 ana pinneue,toe toerc toitljin ttoo leagues $ abalfeoftbcftjoare : tljclaGIariOtbattocfatotoljcn 
 this mi£ came bponbs, toljicbtstothc jflojtbtoarosof Scowtfneffc, lap jftojtbnojtbeaftjano 
 <§>outljfotttljtoelr, ana toemacc our toapjftojttb bntill a toetf funne fine leagues. 
 
 from that bntill S(!)unBaptb?ee aclockeintbemomingtcnleagues 5i3ojtbno?tbeau": anathen 18 
 toetocntjfro?tljanobpe£aG,becatfethctoinBe came at the Mefifoutbtoetttoitljtbickemtfie: 
 thelatituae tljisaapata feoutbfunncGrtierfyce acgreesana aljalfe tiueip taken : attbisfeafon 
 tocbaa Ggbtof our pinneffe againe, 
 
 from tljat bntill 'Cttefoap a feowtlj funne Jl5o?tl)no?tljeatt fojtte fottre leagues , ana tljcn T 9 
 59o|itheaB. jTrom a igioutlj funne toitill eight of tlje clocke, fiftcenc leagues 3#ojtbca!f. 
 
 from tljat bntill d^eancfaap a g>out!j futme jl5ojtl)no?thcall , crccpt the firfl toatclj j^ojtb ; 20 
 call: then baa toe thelatituae infirtiefeuen aegrccs, thirtie nine minutes, jfromtbatbnta a 
 3i5ojtbtoctt funne eigljtcen leagues jftojtbeafi:, ^r then toe toere ^it\i\\ ttoo leagues off tlje ujojEj 
 ana fato the bigb lano to tbe feoutbtoaras of Lo wf oot b^eake out tljjougb tlje miC, ana then we 
 toent 315o?tb ana bpeatt. 
 
 from tbe fapa iaojthtoefi funne bntill foure of tlje clocke in the morning }fto?tb ana b^ Caff 2 1 
 ten leagues ana a balfe t ana then ,jao?cbtiojtbeaff Untill a <§>outlj funne , tlje latituoe being firtie 
 ltiueaegrces.ana aljalfe. from tljat untill balfe an IjourcpaS feuenoftlje clocke, j)5o^tljno?tlj- 
 tatteleuen leagues ana aljalfe, ana tljcn toe toent 3fto?tijeaH ten leagues, from tljat 3 leagues a * 
 ana abalfe Cattno?tljeail,anatbentoe fatoe tbeIanatb?ouglj tljeclouaes ana Ijajtetbtoart on 
 tbebjoaaGoeofrjs tlje toinae being then at g>outbfoutbtoeu\ 
 
 f romtljat imtill ^atutoap , at eight of the clscke in the morning CaGnojtbcafl 1 , ana to the 2 , 
 JSoHbtoarasfo^tiE eight leagues, anatljentlje tomDcamebpat jQojtlj, toec beingaboojo tlje 
 (boje, ana tljtoavt of tlje €ljappel,toljich 31 fttppofe is calico Kedil wike : then toe catt tlje fijippes Ktdeiwikecijap. 
 Jjeaototljcfcatoatos, becaufcthe toinaetoas bene fcant: anathen 31 cattfea tlje pinneffe to peU * 
 Jeare in toitlj the fijo?e, to ixe toljctljcr (ijc might fino an harbo?ough fo? the ftjips oj not, ana tljat 
 Gjefouna ana fato ttoo roaoersriae in tljc fouuo: ano alio thepfatocljotifes. Tout nottoitljSan-- 
 Ding, (Soabep?apfea,thc toinac enlatgco bponbBjtljat toebao not occaGon to goc into tlje ljarbo= 
 rough: ana tljentljeiainneGe bare her £©?ifen maHoucr boo?o toitb flaggeanoall,analott tlje 
 flaa;ge: toitb tljc mall tljcre fell ttoo men ouerboo?a,but<!pDB be p?aireo7 tfjcp toere fauea: the 
 flaggetoasatokcn,toljcrebptoemigljt bnacrGanOtoljetber tljcrctocrea goooljarbourtljere oj 
 not. 
 
 3tajT5o?thrunnetljc.li5o?ljcape(toijiclj3IfonameBtbefirElbopage)toastbtoartofbs,toljicb T^'tommf* 
 isnineieaguestotlje ©alltoatos oftbefojefapaCljappcl from tljc€aGermoG point of it, apsrcucnBui. 
 
 June 10wfc 
 
z~j6 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, Steuen c Burr<m>e. 
 
 June. 
 
 7 npl&e funoap tor toefen in Corpus Chrifti TSap, at a Jftojtheaft arm bp CaG funne : the Eap & 
 J. almost balfe a league beepe : the bcablanb tobicb is Corpus Chrifti point, Ipctb Southeall 
 
 ano bp £ aft, one league from the beab of the T3ap , tobcre toe Ijao a great tpbe, libe a race ouec 
 trje AooD:trje3apiB at tfjeUaftttoo leagues ouec: fo Doe 31 imagine from thefapje fojelanbto 
 Corpus Chrifti popnt ten leagues ^outbcaftanDbpCaft : 3t flotoetbin this15ap,at a<§>outjj 
 ano bpaxteffmoonc full fea. from that toe toentbntill feuen a elocke at after noone ttoentie 
 Icanttcs S)outijeaft anb bp S> out h : ano then toe tooke in all out failes , b ecaufc it toas then set p 
 mi6ic,anoalfotoemet toithmuth ice that ran out of the Bap, ano then toeetoent &outhfouth« 
 raft toitb our fo?efaple : at eight of the clocbe,toe hearo a piece of a jbinanc c, tobicb toas out of the 
 Cbtoaro, tohirh babe ss fatetoeli,anb tb.cn toe ftjot off another piece, anb babe her faretoell : toee 
 couln not one fee the other, becaufc of the tljickemiGe: atajt3o?tljtteft funne it began fome> 
 tofjat to cleere, anb then toe fatoe a heao lance , anb trje ftjoare trenbeb to the sg>outhtoeft< 
 toarb,tohich 31 lucgcb to be about Croffe 3SflartD-.it teas off bs at a jfto jtfjnojtrjtotff funnc.SM' 
 fotttboJCG. 
 
 8 jrrom this 3i3o?thno?tbtoeft funne, bntill ^unoap,toetoent^outbeaG,anothismomingtoe 
 came at anker among the ftjoalesthat lie off of point Looke out, at a jftojtheaff ano bp Call 
 funne, tlje toinb being at CaGfoutbeaG. 9t tbis popnt Looke out, a fouth flpoone maSetrj a ftffl 
 fea. Cape gooo fojtune Ipetb from tbeSfle of Croffcs SoutheaG, anb bettoeene them is tenne 
 leagues.: point Looke out lietb from Cape Good fortune CaGfbutheaG, ano bettoeene them 
 are fire leagues. &. Edmonds point lietb from point Looke out CafifottthcaG, anb balfe a point 
 to the Soutbtoaros, anb bettoeene them are fire leagues, Chere is bettoeene thefe ttoo point?, 
 a Bap that is halfe a league oeepe , anb is full of fljoales anb bangers. 9t a <§>outheaG future toe 
 toepeo, anb turncbto trje toinotoaros, tlje toinbe being at CaGfoutbeaff : anb at a Soutrjcall 
 funne, toe came to an anker, being then a full fea, in fine faooms anb a halfe toater. 3Ithiethat 
 this place tohere toe roabe, anb alto at point Looke out, foure faoome toater. 3t a JKHeOnojtrj* 
 
 9 ■ toeft funne toe toepeo, anb bjiueb to the toinbetoarbs, bntill 'SEuefoap, a j!3o jtbnojtheaG funne. 
 anb then being a high toater, toe cametoananker open of the riuer Cola, in eight faoome toa» 
 ter, Cape !§>,BernardlpethfromS).Edmondspoint,ii)outheaft 'anb bpg>outh, anbbettoirt 
 tljem are fire lcagues,anb alfo bettoijet them is the IRiuer Cola, into tohicjj &iuer toee toent this 
 euening. 
 
 S&ebnefoap toe roabe Gill in the fapb riuer, the toinbe being at the no?th : toe fent our fkiffe a* 
 Ianotobeo?effcb:trjelatitttbtof the mouth of the riuer Cola is Grtiefiue Degrees, fojtieanD 
 eight minutes. 
 
 Hljurfbap at doftbe elocke m the mojning,tbere cameaboo?oof bsoneoftrjeRufle Lobiaesf, 
 » Rude nobia, rotoing toitlj ttoentie oares, anb there toere fcure anb ttocntp men in her. %\)t mafler of the 
 boatepjefentebmetoithagteatloafeof b?eab,anb fire ringes of bjeab, tobicb tbep call Cola* 
 tbes,ano foure ojpeb pikes, anb a peckc of fine otemeale,ano 31 gaue bnto the Staffer of the boate, 
 > a combe,anb a fmall glaffe : anb he beclareb bnto me, that be toas bouno to Pechora , anb after 
 tljat,31 mabetbemtoonnke, thetibebeing fometohat b?okcn,tbepgentIp beparteb, -SChe^a* 
 Gers name toas Pheodor. 
 
 aobereas the tenth oap 3 fent our l^imteffe on Gjoare to be menbeb, becaufe ftje toas lea&e, 
 anb toeake,toith the Carpenter anb tb?ee men mojc to rjelye him, the toeatber chaneeo fo, that 
 it toas fimmiap befojetljep coulogetaboo?bourirjippe. 911 that time tbep toere toithoutpjotu* 
 Con of bictuals,but onelp a little b?eab, tohiclj the? fpent bp Chutfoap at night, thinking to hatu? 
 come aboojb toben thep hab liftcb,but toinbe anb toeather benieb tljem : infomuch that ttjep toere 
 fainc to eate graffe , anb fucb toeeoes as tljep coulb fince then abouc grounoe , but freftj toater 
 tljep hab plcntie, but tlje meatetoithfome of tljem coulo fcant frame bpreafon of their queajie 
 Gomackcs. 
 14 jfrom Churfoap at afternoone, bntill gmnbap in the mo?ning, our barke nitt ribe fuerja 
 roao tteo tljat it toas to be marueiicb.toitbout the rjelpe of <Soo,hoto Oje toas able to abibe it, 
 
 3In the bight of the <§>otttheaft ujoare of the riuer Cola,there is a goob roabe in fine fabome, oj 
 foure faoome ano arjalfe,at alotoc toater t but pouftjall haueno lano |5ojthno jtljeaft ofpou then* 
 3 p Joueo toitlj our pinneffe, that the beptb goeth on tlje feoutbeaG ujoare. 
 18 t£burfbap toe toepeo our ankers in tbeEiuer Cola, anb toent intothe ^ea feuen o? eight 
 leagues, tohere toe met toitlj the toinbe farre5i5ojtherlp, that offo?ce it conftrainebbstogoe a* 
 game bacfee into the fapb riuer , tohere came aboojb of bs funcjp of tljeir ^oates , tohich cecla* 
 
 10 
 
 Wttlarimtw 
 
 Of Cola. 
 
 II 
 
 s 
 
Steum'Bitrrowe. Traffiques,6t Difcouenes, 277 
 
 reo bnto me tbat tbep toere alfo bouno to tlje no?tbtoarDs,a filing fo? 90o?fe, ano Sainton, ano 
 1 gaue me liberally of tbeir tobitc ano uneaten b?cab, 
 
 3s toe roaoe in tbis riuer , toee fatee baplp comming ootone tbe riuer manp of tljeir JLooias, utu>g santng 
 ann tbep tbat haoieatt, babfoureanotteentp men in tbem, ano at tbeladtbepgreto totljirtie ^menapetce 
 . fatle of tljem : ano amougtt tlje reft ,tljere toas one of tfjtm tofjofe name teas Gabriel, toljo libcto* ftam cu to 
 eo me berp mucb frienblbippe, ano fje wclaten onto mee, tfeat all tbep toere bouno to Pechora, a ¥%*]££? 
 lifting fo? Salmons, ano2po?fe»$ infomucb tbat bee ffjetoeo mee bp ocmonffrations, that r«pius ; 
 • toitb a faire toinoe toee Ijao feuen o? eight Bapes failing to the IRiuer Pechora , fo that 31 toas 
 glao of tljeir companp, 'E&is Gabriel pjomifeo to gitiemee toarning of ujoalesjasljeebio im 
 oeeoe. 
 
 <g>unoap being tbe one ano ttoencietfc oap,Gabriel gaue me a barrel! of Speabe.anb one of fji'ja 2 1 
 fpeciall frienbg gaue me a barrell of bcere,toljicb toas carpet) upon mens backs at lead 2 miles* 
 
 Stpunbaptoeocparteo fraintfje rtucr Cola, luttb all ei.ic rctlof tlje faio loDtas,but failing be* 22 
 fo?e tbe toino.tbcp toere all too goon fo ? bs : but acco?oiug to p?omife,tbis Gabriel anbbis frteno So^bSS. 
 did often flrifee tbeir faples,ano tarieo fo? bs fo?faking tbeir stone companp, 
 •■ Cuefoapatan€affno?tbeadfimnetoetoeretbtoartofCape$§>.Iohn, Sjtistobebnberdooo, 2 ? 
 ■ jbat from tlje Cape &,Iohnumotbe riuer o?bap that gottb to Mezen.it is all funke lano,ano HsontsnM 
 full of Iboales ano Bangers, ponlballrjauefcantttoo faoometoater,amj feenolano,3nbtbisp?e= ttttnutma ' 
 Tent oap toee came to an anker tbtoart of a cceeke, tobicb is 4 0? 5 leagues to tbe jiS 0? tb toarcs of 
 tlje Capo Cape,into toljicb creeke Gabriel ano bis felloto rotoeo, but toe coulo not get in : ano be* 
 fo?e nigbt there toere aboue 20 faile tbat toent into tlje fapo creeke,tbe toino being at tbe iSojtb/ 
 calf. 23Je bab inotft* er c nt goob lanofang. 
 
 tfyis afternoone Gabriel came abno?o toitb W ffeiflfe, ano tben 31 retoaroeb bfm fo? tbe goon 
 companp tljat be kept tot tljus otter t be Qjoalcstoulj ttoo f mall tuo?p combes, ano a dcele glade, 
 toitb ttooo?tb?ee trifles mo?e,fo? tobicb be toas not ungratcfull,15ut nottoitbdanbing 3 ljis ftrC 
 companp Ijatj gotten f urt be r to tbe iZo ? t IjtoatDS, 
 
 1 ^lebnefDapbeingS^iofinnmeroap^efentourfkiffe alami to fottnb tbe creeke, toljeretjjcp 24 
 founbitalmoftojieatalototoatcr, 9nb all the ILoDaistoitbm toere on grouno, 
 
 aitljougb tbe ljarbo?ougb toere euil,pet tbe ftojimtc fimilituDe of jflojtberlp toinos temptcb bs 
 to fet our faples,? toe let flip a cable auo an anker, ano bare toitb tbe barbo?ofiglj , fo? it toas tben 
 neere a bigb toatcr s ano as altoaies in fucb iourneis bartctie? bo cljance, toben toe came upon tbe 
 barre in tbe entrance of t be creeke, tbe toino oio fij?ink fo fuooenlp upon us,tljat toe toere no t able 
 to lean it in, ano before toe coulo l<aue flatteo tbe fbippe before tbe tombe, toe tfjoulDbauc bene on 
 grotmo on tbe lee fljo?c, fo tbat toe toere condraineo to let fall an anker bnoer our fa*lcs,ano rooe 
 toaberpb?eacb,tbrokingtobauetoa?ptin. Gabriel came out tettlj bis fkiffe, ano fooiDfunb?p 
 otbers alfo,ujetomg tbeir goob toil! to belpe bs.but all to no purpofe, foj tijep toere itkelp to Ijauc 
 bene jotoncb fo? tljeir labour,tn fo mutb tbat % ocdreb Gabriel to leno me bisanfeer,becaufe our 
 otone ankers toere ttoo big foj our f bide to lap out,torjo fent me bis otone,ano bo?rotoeo anotbec 
 alfo anb fent it bs, ^(jen toe lapo out one of t bo fe ankers, toitb a batofer tobicb be bao of 1 40 fa* 
 torn long,tbtnking to baue toarpt in,btit it tooulo not be: fo? as toe ibo } eco upon p faio toarpe tbe 
 anker came borne ,fo tbat toe toere faine to b car c tbe eno of tbe toarpe , t bat toe rttfljeo in upon tbe 
 otkerfinaUankertbatGabriel fent abooio,ano lapo tbat anker tofeatoatcs : anotbenbettoeene 
 tbefe ttoo ankers toe trauerfeo tbe djips beao to fcatoaros.ano fet our fo?efaile ano maine faple, 
 ano toben tbe barke bao toap,toe cut tlje batofer, ano fo gate tbe fea to our frieno,ano trpeb out a! 
 tbat bap toitb our maine co? fe. 
 
 - Cbe'S&urfeaptoetoentroome tottbCapc^.Iohn.tobtre toefounb inbifierentgocbrobe 25 
 fo?a jftojtrjnojtbeadtoitw.anofo? a neeoe,fo? a ji5o?tb ano bp MJedtoinoe, 
 
 JFrtbap at afternoone toe tocpeo,ano oepartco from tbence,tbe toetber beingmeetlp faire, '$ tlje 26 
 totnoe at€adfoutbead,ano plieo fo? tlje place toiiere toe left our cable ano ankcr,ano our batofer: 
 9}asfooneaBtoetoereatananker,tbefo?efaioGabrieltameaboo20of us,to;trjs 0? foucemo?e 
 oftbeicfmaUboats,anbb?ougljt toitb tbemof tbeir AquauitjeB'S^eatie,p?dfeBingbnto meberp 
 mucljfrienbft)ip,anorctoiceotofce bsagaine, oeclanng tbat tbep earnefilp tbeugbt tbat toe ban 
 bene lod. ^Lbis Gabriel oeclarco unto me,tbat tbep baD fauco bottj rtje ankers ano our baufe^ann 
 after toe bab tljus communeoj caufeo 4 0? 5 of tbcm to goc into nip cabtmi, tobcre 3D gaue tljem 
 6gs,ano maoe tljem fucb cbeere as 31 coulo, ffZHbrte 31 toas tljus banketing of tbe, tberetame ano* 
 tfjetof tbeir fkiffesaboo?otoitbonetobo toas aJSeril,tobofenameaftertoaros 31 learneo, flrtbat 
 bebtoeltinColmogrojjGabrielotoclIcotntbetotoncofCola.tobicbisnotfarfromtberiuers 
 moutb,Cbis fo?efoie Serif faib unto me tbat oneof tlje ankers tobicb 31 bo?otoeo toasbis,j gaue 
 bim tlisnks foj tlje lone of tt,tbinking it bao bene fuficient,3no as 3! continueo inone accudomeo 
 
 9 a maner 
 
zj6 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Stemn 'Burrovee. 
 
 «fftoemie ciatit 
 looms bcion^ 
 gtng to Cola. 
 
 37 
 
 maner,tbat tfcljc pjrfent tobicb ttsev b jougtjt toere iudjU) entcrtc inment, tbep hao tt acco?otnglj», 
 be brought itotbingtoub btm.frtberfoje 3 rcgatDeobim but Ittle.anD tljus tuc cnDcD.rjtbcpteok 
 their leaueanotoentaujoje.at their ccmmiugafljo?e, Gabriel ano Keril toere at bneonuenient 
 toojos,ano bp the cares 5 as J onoetfianD : t Ijc caufe toas be caitfe the one bao better entcrtcinmet 
 then tlje other: but pou foal onocrttanD that Gabriel mas not able to malic fji's partp goco,bc caufc 
 there lucre 1 7 looias of tbe Kerils comganp toho tooke bis part, ano but 2 of Gabriels roiupanp, 
 
 CI.ic new high toater Gabriel a no bis companp ocpar t eo from thence , aim rotoeo to their fop 
 mcr company ano neighbours, tobicb mere in number 28 at tbe lead,ano all of tfjem belonging to 
 tbe riuer Cola, 
 
 3na as % bnoc rQcoo Keril maoe reckoning that tbe fjatufer tehtcb teas fall fn bis anker ujoulB 
 hauc bene bis otone,aiio at firfl tooulo not Deliuer it to our boat , infomucb that 3I Tent him toojoe 
 that 3! tooulo complaine upon bim,tohcrrupon be oclsucreo tbe batofcr to nip companp. 
 
 ^be ncrt oap being gmeuroap, 31 fent our boat on fbo?c to fetch freuj toater ano toooo, ano at 
 their comming on (bo?e this Keril toelcomco our men molt gent Ip, ano alio bankcteo tfjem : ano 
 in the mcane time caufeo feme of bis men to fill our baricocs toitb toater., ano to help our men to 
 beare toooo into their boat : ano then be put on bis be a filhe coate, ano his roller of pearles , ano 
 came aboo?Dagame, 5 brought his pjeft nt toith bim : ano thus bauing mo?e refprrt bnto bis p?e= 
 fent then to his perfon.becaufe 31 percetueo him to bcoainglo)!ous,31 baoe him toe Icomc,? no gatie 
 bim a oifi) of figs : ano then he oeclan onto me that bis father toas a gentIeman,ano tbat be toas 
 able to fbeto mep!eafurc,ano not G abriel,tobo mas but a puetts foime. 
 
 Qftcr their Departure from be tec toeieo,ane pipco all the ebbe to the toinoctoaros, the wince 
 being jr2o;itberIp,$ totoarcs night it toareo bcrpfiomtie , fo that of fo;ce toe toere tonftraineo to 
 goroomc toubCape S.lohn agarne,in luljiclj Qo;me tuee loOt our iWe at our Heme, that toee 
 bought at Wardhoufe,ano there toe rooe until the fourth of31uip,'?LbclatituDe of Cape !§>,lohn 
 is 66 Degrees 5 o minutes, ano it is to be noteo, that tbe lano of Cape &,Iohn is of be igbt from 
 tlje full fea marke, as 31 iuoge,i o faoomes,bctng cleane toitbout anp trees grotoing, 9 alfo toith< 
 out Cones 0; vo cKcb, ano confiCs onelp of blacke cartb,tohicb is fo r c 1 1 cn,t bat if anp of it fall into 
 the fea, it toiil ftoimmc as though it nitre a piece of toooo, 35n tobtcb place,about tbjee league* 
 from the fbo^epoti (ball not baueaboues> faoomniater,anDtlapgrouno, 
 
 28 
 
 Crjelatitnbeor 
 dpeSUohn 
 66 Drgrf ce 50 
 uuiiucc0. 
 
 CartJ) (toitit: 
 mitig aboue 
 loattriihe 
 
 luoo6. 
 
 ■arfjtlatitnbe 
 
 68 degrees 
 fliiD a iiaiif. 
 
 Iulie. 
 
 S3 tttronp at a jflc jthno?thtoetI funne the toino came at Caffncjtrjcafl:,t then toe toefeo,am>pfe 
 eo to the jfto jtbtoarDs,ano as toe toere ttoo leagues fbot pad tlje Cape,toe fato a boufe flanoing 
 in a oaIIep,tohicli is Daintp to be feene in thofe parts, ano bp ano bp 31 fato tbjee men on the top of 
 the bib tZlben 3 iuogeo tljem,as it aftertoaros p jouec, that .tbep toere men tobich came from fome 
 other place to fet traps to take betmin fo; their f lire es,tohicb trappes toe oio pcrreiue berp tljtcke 
 alongtt tbeibo^eastoetoent, 
 
 Smnoap at an <Saft funne toe toere tbtoart ofiftbe crceke tohere the Huffes iap,ano there came 
 to an anker, ano perceiuing the moftpart of the iooias to be gone toe thought it not gooo to tarp 
 anp longer there, but toepeo ano fpent all the ebbe,plptng to the toinoetoaros. 
 
 fipunoap at a &outb funne it toas high toater, aiialongfitteroe.it it. flotocth little, onelp a 
 S>outb moone makes a full fea : ano as toe toere a toeping toe efpieo the Ruffe looias,tobicb toe 
 firfi lofl. Cljep came out of a crreke amongll the fanop hilles , toljith l)«Ues begmne 1 5 leagues 
 J12o?tbiui?tbeait from Cape &.Iohn. 
 
 piping this ebbe to an eno.toe came to an anker 6 leagues .l3o?t bnojtbeafl fro the place tobere 
 toe fato t he Ruffe's come out : ano there tlje Ruffes barbouceo thcmfelues toitbin a foonhe banke, 
 but there toas not toater enough fo? os. 
 
 3t a je2o?th funne toe toepeo ano plico to the .*Qojtbtoaros,tbe lano Iping 59o?tljno?theaff,anB 
 g»outbfoutl;tocfi,biuilI a §>outh funne, ano then toe toere in tlje latituoe of 68 Degrees at a baife : 
 anointhisiatituoccnoe thofe fanop billes,ano the lano beginneth to lie jr5o?tlj anDbpaHefl, 
 South ano bpCafi, ano jr3ojthnojthtoefl,anD to the ^efitoatDs,anotbere tlje toater begmnctb 
 totoareoeepe. 
 
 3t a jao?thtorfl funne toe came to an anker toi'thin balfe a league of tf»e fijoje, tobere toeeljaB 
 gooo plentp of fift,bathl|)aDDocks ano CoDS,rioingin 1 o faoom toater, 
 
 f ucoue f a? toe toepeo,ano plpeo neerer the beaolano, tobicb is calico Caninoz, tbe to tno be- 
 ing at Cafi ano bp jfrojtb. 
 
 %\y.\x foap the toino being fcant toe turnco to toinotoaros tbe ebbe, to get about Caninoz : tbe 
 latituoe tljis cap at noonetoas 68 ocgrcce 40 minutes, 
 
 jfrioap 
 
13 
 
 3(UnD. 
 
 Steuen < Burrowe. Traflfiques,andDiicoueries. 279 
 
 jfnaap toe ttttnea to tfte toittDtoaro of the ebbe,but to no purpofe:ana as toe rose at an anfew, i ° 
 toe fato tbe Gmih'tttae of aftojmerifingat jftonbnojtbtecuVr coula net tell wyecc to get rooe noj 
 fucco? foj tljat toinae,anD barbojouglj toe fcneto none : 9 tljat iano tobiclj toe 100c bnorr toitlj that 
 toinae toas alee (bo?c, 9no as J toas muting toljat toas beft to be Done, 31 Dto afailcccmcctie 
 of a crce&e bnaer tlje fc? efapa Caninoz , toljiclj toas mp friena G abriel,toljo fajfoofte ijis Oarbo- 
 routrjjana companpjana came as neere Vis as be tiiigljt, ana pointea Vvs to the CEaittoaras, t tbnx 
 tortocpcDanofuUotoeijIjim.anijtoentCaSanDOpaoutljjtljetotntibtmgatOikllnojtljtocfi.ana 
 berp miftte, 
 
 sbaturaap to? toent Cafffittebcafl 9 folIotoeD Gabriel, ana be bptigbtbsinta an barbozougb 1 1 
 cai[eDMor«iouets ] tobtti)t93olcague9 from Caninoz, ^tocljaa upon the bam going inttoo Mowi™™ art 
 faaomeana afottrtbpart : ano after'toe toere pafl in otter the barrc,tttoarca Deeper Jo? toe bao 5 """"P' 
 faDoms,4 ano a half,aua 3 faaom tjc.Dur barfee being mo?e3,31 Cent fomc of our men to Cjoare to 
 pjottioc toootijtabere tl?cp ban plciitp of b jift lBOoD,bttt none gro tuincjf : anti tu tljis place luc founo SWfttoMB. 
 pinup ofpottng foule, as ©ullcs, S>eapics, ano others , tobcreof tlje Unites toouio cate none, 
 tobereof toe toere notljtug fo?p,fo? there came tije mo je to our part, 
 
 SunBapourm:ncuttooooonu)oare,anabjougbtitaboo?D, ana tore balaSeD our Ojippe toitlj t» 
 Cones. 
 
 djis mo?ning G abrkl fato a froCke on p toap,toljo rotoea buto it toitb hf 3 f lsiffe,tobitlj fmofce 
 toas two leagues from the place tobere toe roan: anb at a j12o?tbtoeltfunne he came aboo?D again, 
 ano b?ouo,ljt toitb Ijim a ^amotctoljicb toas but a poting man: bis apparcll toas then Grange bu- " £>atnoet>. 
 to bs, ano be p?efentea me toitb t!j?ee poung toila geefe, ano one poung barnacle. 
 
 Spunoap a Cent a man to tbe ntatne in Gabriels boat, ano he brought bg aboo jo 8 barricocs of 
 frcfl)toacer:tljclatittiDcoftbefaioMoigiouets isfirtieeigbtacgrrcsanDatcrfe. 3it fiotoctb 
 tbere at a S>outl;fotitbtoctt moone full fca,ana bpetb ttoo faDomc ano a balfe toatcr. 
 
 9t a COeffno jtbtocll funne toe acpartca from this place, ana toeut Call 2 5 leagues, ana tben 
 fato an 3KIano.^o;tb ana bpSUcttofbseigbt leagues, tobicb31flanb is calico Dolgoieue: 
 from tlje SEaffermofi part of tljis 3flana,tberc Ipctb afano Catt ano bp ^outlj 7 leagues long. 
 
 CcLteanefaap atajfto?tbanDbp€auTutme Swerinoz toag&outhofbs j leagues'. <£ljts nap 1 j 
 at aftcrnoonc toe toentinouer the Dangerous barre of Pechora, analjaDbpontbe barre but one Pcchora - 
 faaomctoacer. 
 
 djurfoap toe roaa Bill* i<5 
 
 jfrttiapatomtoii fljoare anaobferueathebariationoftbeCompaffe, tobiclj toas thjceDc 5 17 
 frees ano a Ijalfe from tije jlSoitb to tlje <Kfteft ; tbelatituae tbis bap toas fircie nine Degrees ten ^ t L x lS T ' ! ' tion 
 minutes. ■w«wu»« 
 
 5f rom ttoo 0? tb?ec leagues to tlje igafitoara of Swetinoz , bntill tbe entering of tbc tiiter Pe- 
 chora, it is allfaiwp Ijiiles.anD totoaros Pechora tbefanDic billes arc berploto. 
 
 3tbigbct!jotubebarreofPechorafourefootetoater,?itflotoctbtbereata^>9Utbtoe£Jmoone 
 afullfea. 
 
 S^ttnDap at a ji2o?tb$bt) i^attfurmctoe toepeo, anb came out otter tbe fapb Dangerous barre, 
 toberetoecbaa butfitte footetoatcr, tnfomucbtbattoeefoutiDafooteleiTctoatcr romminp; out 
 tben tocc did going in, 3! tbinfce tbe rcafen toas.becaufe toben toe toent intbe toinaetoag offtlje 
 its. toljicb caufca tbe fanDS to b?eake on citber Coe of bs,ana toee kept in tlje fmootbell bettoeene 
 tbeb?cacbcs,tobicbtoeDurKnotbaueDone,ercepttoebaDfecnetbe Kuffes tobauegonein be* 
 fojebs : aitoatourcommmgottt tbe toinae toas off tbe Qioarc,anDfap?etocatbcr, ana tben tbe 
 fanes did not appeare toitlj bjeacbes ag at our going in : toe tbanhe@oa tljat our ujip Die Djato fa 
 little toater. 
 
 (T2Jbeu toe toere a fcaboo^o tlje barre tlje toina fcanteD bponbiS, ana toafi at €au*fotttbea!r, t'n* 
 fomttdj tljat toe ftoppea tlje ebbes,ana plpeo all tlje Hoods to tbe toinoctoarog, ana ntaDe our toap 
 €allno?tbeatt. 
 
 'Euefoap at a j(5o?tljtoeff funne toe tljeugljt tljat toe IjaD feen lano at €n0, 0? €afi ?bp 3i5o?tlj 
 of bs ; toljicbaftertoaras pjootteoto beamondrous beape of ice. 
 
 Saiitljin a little mo?e tjjen balfe an Ijoure after ,toc firtt fato tbt's tee ,toe toere inclofea toitljin it 3i«, 
 befo?etoc toere atoareofit,tobicbtoasafearefuUHgbttofce : fo? , fo? tijefpaceof fijee bottccs, f c 
 toas as mttcb as toe coulo Doe to kecpe our (bippe aloofe from one Ijeape of ice , ana bcare roomer 
 from another, toitb a3 mucb toina as toe migbtbeareacoarfe. SnD toljen toeljao pallfcpmtbe 
 Danger of tljis (ce.toe lap to tljcGaCtoarasclofebp tlje toina. 
 
 ^benerc Dap toe toe-re againe troubleD toitb tlje ice. 
 
 ■Cljurfoap being calme, toe plpeo to tbe toinatoarDS,tb« toinae being jQojtberlp. Wz baa tlje 
 latttuoetbis nap at noone in 70 Degrees 1 1 minutes* 
 
 3a a u23e 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 2* 
 
 ^It)t!at.7otic» 
 snts •: imn, 
 
2 CO 
 
 TheEnglifti Voyages, Steuen^BurroMpe. 
 
 25 
 
 /& Tamcj 
 
 aoaim. 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 ■3I!ic uariattoii 
 oftlje^ompcts 
 7 tirgrecs anO 
 n D.iifc. 
 
 28 
 QThrrtlarioit 
 
 DfLofhak. 
 ■Sht map to 
 tlifrmtrofOb. 
 anngfttpliill 
 111 Noua Zembla. 
 
 lofhak. 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 •SThe 3 nanus 
 ofSagans. 
 
 SJSe hr.o net runne pa£ ttoo bourcs.iao?thtocQ,tbe toinD being at .faojthnojtljcaft ano jftojtt> 
 eaftarft bp ^ojtljagooD gale, but toe met againe toith another bcape of ice: toe toetbcrcDthe 
 beau oftt,ano lap a time tctbefeatoarDS,anD mace toapJOeQ 6 leagues* 
 
 jFrinap at a <§>outIjeaff funnc toe caQ about to theffiatrtoarDS.uje toino being at jftojthnou fj« 
 eaft : the latituae this bap at noortetoas 70 Degrees 15 minutes. 
 
 ffln g». lames [jis nap bolting to ilje toinDcniarDe0,toe IjaD the latituocat noone in feucntpse- 
 grees ctoctute minutes. %A)t fame Dap at ag>outbtoefl fuime.tberc toas a monfirous CSlljale 
 abcoja of bs,foneeretG our Gdc that toe might hatte tbjufta ftoojDeojanp other toeaponinbim, 
 tob!cbto|DttriInotDocfo?fearehee fboulDljaue oucrtbjotoenour (bippe:anD then a calico mp 
 company toget ber,ann all of bs QjoutcD,? toitb the crie tbr t toe maoc be oepartco from bs : there 
 toasasmucbabouctoatcrofhisbackcas theb?eDtbofourpinncirc,airtiat bis falling Dotone.he 
 mace fucb a terrible nopfe inche toater,that a man tooulD greatlp haue maruclIcD, ercept bee ban 
 knotocn the catife of it : but ©od be thankeD, toe toere qutetlp Deliuerco of bim.9nD a little after 
 toefpicD certaine 3flanDs,tottbtohicb toe bare, anefounD gooobarboj in 15 0? i8faDome, anD 
 black? o?e: toccametoanantoata^tljeailfumic^nameBtljeananD^JamesljisaiHanD, 
 toberetoefounD frelbtoater. 
 
 §)iinDap,mucbtoitiDblotoing toe rooe Gill, 
 
 3?ttnoap accent on fljoare ano tookeiheIatituDe,tohicb toas 70 Degrees 42 minutcsnheba* 
 nation of the compaffe toas 7 Degrees anD a balfe from the jftojtb to the <KCleu\ 
 
 ^ucfoap toe plpeo to tbe ffiKefltoatos alongtt the fbo<ire,the toinD being at jT2o jthtoefcano as 
 3! toas about to come to anker,toc fato a faple comming about tljepoinc,toberunDer me thought to 
 hatteankcreo. VLtyn 3 fent a f fuffie aboojD of b:m, auo at their comming aboojD, tbep tooke ac- 
 quaintance of tbcm,anD the cbiefc man faio bee baD bene in our companpin tbe riuer Cola, aim 
 alfo DeclareD bnto tbcm tbat toe toere paft tbe toap tofeich fboulo bjtng bs to the Ob, IZLhis lam, 
 fapo be, is calico Noua Zembla, that is to fap, tbe Jfteto lano : anD then be came aboo?D bimfelfe 
 tottb bis fluff?, ano at bis comming aboo?D be tolo inee tbe like, anD fapo fitrtber,tbat in this No- 
 ua Zembla is tlje bitrjhelt mottntaine in the toojloe,as be thought, 9 tljat Camen Bolfhay, tohich 
 is on the mafae of Pechora,ts not to be compareD to thismountaine.but 31 fato it not : be maoe me 
 alfo certaine Demonuxationsofthe toap to tbe Ob, ano fcemcBtomakebatleon his otone toap, 
 being berp lotbe to taric, be cattfe tlje peere toas farre paB,auD bis neighbour IjaD fet Pechora,ano 
 not Ije j fc 31 gauehim aflceIeglalTe,ttoo pctoterfpoones, ano apaireof tocluet (beatheD kniuesj 
 anDtbcnbefeemcD fometobatrbemo?etoilli!>gto titrp, anDftetoeome asmucbasbeknetofoj 
 our purpofe t healfogaue me 1 7 totfte gcefe,anb ujetoeD me that foure of tljeir looias toere d?> 
 ucn perfo jee from Caninoze to this Noua Zembla. *Ibts mans name toas Lofhak. 
 
 Ca:tcDnefDap,a8 toe plieD to the CalftoarBS,toe efpieo another failc,tohiclj toas one oftljis Lo- 
 fh aks companp, anp toe bate roome, ano fpafee toith Ijim, toho in like fojt toftc bs of the Ob, as 
 tlje other bao Done. 
 
 ttljurfoap, toe pI:'cD to the €afftoarDS,the toince being at Caflno jtbeafl, 
 
 5Frtoap,tlje gale of toinDe began to increafe, ano came Z Oefterlp toithall , fo that bp a^o^tfc 
 toeu* funne toe toere at an anker among the aflanos of Oaigats, toherc toe fato ttoo fmall looias, 
 the one of them came aboojD of bs,anDp?efenteD me toith a great loafe of b?cao : anD tljcp tolD me 
 that thep toere all of Colm ogro,ercept one man that Dtoelt at Pec hora,tobo feemeb to be tlje cljie* 
 fell among them in killing of tlje £©o?fe. 
 
 ^{jcre toere fome of their companp on ujoare,tohiclj DiD chafe a toljite beare otier tlje high clifs 
 into the toatcr, toljiclj beare tlje loDia tljat toas aboo^D of bs killeb in our fight, 
 
 •Cljis Dap there toas a great gale of toinD at po jth,anb toe fato fo much ice Djiuing a feaboott, 
 tljat it toas then no going to Tea* 
 
 §>amccD0. 
 
 Auguft. 
 
 SSturDap 3 toent au)o ?e,anD there 31 fato tl^re mojfes tljat thep hab killeo? thep helo one cootft 
 of a Spo?fe,toljich toas not great, at a roble.ano one, toljite beare fkin at tb?ee robles 9 ttoo ro« 
 bles : tljepf urther toloe mc,tbat there toere people calico ^amocDS on the great Ifland, ano that 
 thep tooulD not abioe tljem no? bs,toho haue no bourcs,but onelp couerings maoc of DcersfkinS, 
 fet ouer them toith tt abes : thep are men erpertinfljooting,anDhauegreatpIentpof Deere, 
 Cljts night there fell a cruellflonne.the toinD being at CSeK, 
 gtuncap toe haD berp much totnoe, toitlj plentp of fnoto, anD toe robe toitlj ttoo ankers a heap, 
 SgunDap toe toepeD anD toent roome toicb another 3lHanD,tohich toas fiue leagues Cattiiojith* 
 eafi from bs: ano there 31 met againe toitb. Lofhak, ano toent on fijoje toitlj him, ano hee bought 
 
 me 
 
Steven 'Burrowe. Traffiques.,anclDifcoueries» 
 
 me to a heap of ti;e s^ainoeb? tD0ls,\»tjicb toerc m number aboue 3 oo, the U)o?a ano ilje mod bn • 
 aruttctall wo?kc that eiiec 35 fato : the epcs auo motubcs of funon'e of tbem tocre blooDic.tbcp bab 
 the Chape of mcn,toomen ano tlnto jen^erp groflp to jougljc, 9 that tobicb tbep ban maoe foj ocljcc 
 parts,U)as alfo fpjinckleo toitbblooD. feome of tbeirtools toerc an oUe Otcfec toith ttoo oj tfece 
 notcbcs^mftDe toitb a knife in it. 31 fatomucb of the footing of tbcfapD!§>anioeDS,anD oftbc liens 
 that tljcp rioc inhere was one of tbcir flcbg b?oken,ano lap bp ttjc bcapc of tooted ti;cre31 faia 
 aDccrsfkinnctobicbthcfouicsIiaD fpopico tanbbcftnc crttatncof their idols blocks lucre maoe 
 as high as their moutbcs,being all bloobp,3I thought tljat to be clje table tobcron iljep offerco t&cic 
 Tacrifice: 31 fato alfo trje inftrumcnts, mijcrcupctt tljcp ban roaKeo Ocib, ano as farre as 3] toulu 
 perceiue,tbep make their fire Directlp bncer tbe fpit. 
 
 Loibak being therepjefent coHje nic tljat tljtfe s^nitioens toere not To ljurtful cub tliep of Ob 
 are,anDtbactl)eprjatieno boures,ast,n&ecbe31 fato none.bntonelp tents maocof Deersfkins, 
 tobicb tbepbnbcrpjoppe toitb flakes ano poless : their boatcs are mane of Dccrs fktns, ano toben 
 tbcp come on (heart tbep carp their boatcs toitb them bpon their backes: fo? ttjetr cartages tl;ep 
 Ijaue no other beafles to feme tbem, but Deere oulp. 9sfoj b?eao ano come tbep baue none, er= 
 cept the Knifes bjing it to tbem : their knotolcoge isberp bafefo j tbep knoto no letter. 
 
 'ftucfoap we ttirneo fo? the barbojougb inhere Lofliaks barfee lap,tobcrcas befo?c toe roan bn* 
 DcraaJiiluUD, anbtbcrcbecameaboo?Dofbssan6faiOtontome: if (Bob fenoe toince anotoca* 
 tberto feme, 3ltoillgoetothcOb toitb pon.bccaufe tbe Sgtojfes toere fcantat tbcfe 31fianDs 
 of Vaigats : butifbe coulu not get to tfje rittcc of Ob , tbenhefapDbeettouiDgoe tothenuerof 
 Naramzay, where tbepcapletoerenotaltogetbcrfofauageaiatbeiaamopDS oftbeObare? bee 
 fljeijoeo me tlja t tljcp null u)oot at all men to tlje bttermott of their potoer, that cannot fpeake their 
 fpeccb. 
 
 SHeonefbap toe fato a terriMebeape of ice app jccli uccrc unto bs, ano therefore toee thought 
 goon toitb al fpeco psltiblc to Depart from thence,anb fo 31 rcturncD to tl;e HBcfltoarDs againe.to 
 t!;e3lu"anDtobcretoetoerethe 3 1 of31uIp. 
 
 ■^burfbap 3i tocnt a fljoare, ano tooke the Iatitune,tohich toas 70 negreeis 2 j minutes: ano the 
 bariation of the compaffe toas 8 Degrees from the jl2o?tb to the ZZXcQ, 
 
 Lofhak anb the ttoo fmall Lodias of Pechora Dcparteb from this Hflaivo , tohile 31 toas on 
 (boatetaking the latituDe t am> tocnt to the feouthtoaregs: 31 maruaiieo tohp he Departeo fo fn]iDen« 
 lp,ana toent oner the fljoal cs among tf the SHanos tobere it to ass impoulble fo j bg to folio to them. 
 ^utafttr3IperceiueDtbemtobetoeatbertoife. 
 
 SF rioaptoe roaDtrtlljthctoinDebeingat^ojtrjnojtheaCtoithacrttcntrojme. ©heicecamein 
 fo abunoantlp about bs at both ennsof tljc 3iUanD that toe roaD unber, tl;at it toas a ftarefull fight 
 to bebolo : the flojme coneinueo toitb fnoto^ainejanD haple plentp. 
 
 j&iUurDaptoetoaDltillalfo, t^ettomte being fometoljat abateD , butit toas altogether mi* 
 fip , that toe tocre not able to fee a cables length about bs , tfoe toinoc being at jj2o}tbeattam> bp 
 Hcafi. 
 
 S)uirtap at foure of the clocfee in the morning toe bepartebfrom this 3!flanb, the toinbe being 
 at §>onthealt,anDa3toetoereclccreafeaboa^ the fmall JUannesanD ffjoales, it came fo thick 
 toitbmiLteg,tkattoecQulonotfeeabafe Ojottefromba, ©hen toe tooke in allourfailestomake 
 little toap, 
 
 at a !§>outrjeslf fimtte it toareb clcere , ano then toe fet our faples.ano lap clofe bp the tomb to 
 the ^)outhtoarosalongftthe3IflanC9<5l; Vaigats, StaSBeltfunne toe tooke in our faplcagaine 
 becaufe of the great miU ano raine, <I23eefounoeDatcbisplace,au&baDfiueanDttoentp fabomes 
 toatcr, anDfoftblatkeoje, beingth^eeUaguesfromtheirjoare.the toinoc being at §>outlj ano 
 bpCafi, butfitllmiftp. 
 
 Jpunoap at an HEaflfunne toe foum>eb,anD hau 4ofabomeis, anb o?e, fiill mifip : at noone toee 
 fotmbeDagaine.anbhaD ?6 faDome,(ltUmiflp. 
 
 CDuefoap at an Cattno j tljf afl funne toe let fail our anker (h tb?ee ano ttoentp fabome, the null 
 Cill continuing. 
 
 5£teDnefbap at th?ce of the clocke in the morning the mitt b jake bp, the toino being at j(5o?tb« 
 tail frbp £au\anb then toe fato part of tije 31fianbs of Vaigiats,toh;ch toe bare toithall, ano toent 
 CSaftfonthcaflclofebp the toinoc: at aiHElefifunnetoe toereat an anker bnoer the feotithtoctt 
 part of the faio Vaigats, ano then 31 fent our f kiffe to ffjoare toith t bjee men in her , to fee if thep 
 might fpeake toith anp of the StiamoeDs, but cotrlo not r all that Dap toas rainie.but not toinoie. 
 
 ^•hurfoap the toino came aEteitcrlp,fo that toe toere fainc to fe eke bs another place to rioc in, 
 becaufethetoinbcameafeaboo?blano,anDalthougbittoeremitrp, pet toee follotocDtbetrjoare 
 lip our leab;anbagi toe brought lanbinthetoinbeofbSjtoeletfallour anker, 9t a CSJcfifurme 
 
 4a 3 the 
 
 28l 
 
 ••iTItf iiMittrs) 
 Of ttlC&JAs 
 
 mocDa. 
 
 '5Ttje&fliroctii' 
 
 lit tllB Ob llfl'p 
 
 S)urifiillanl> 
 
 fijjEUUO ptoi>!t.- 
 
 Naramcay/ 
 
 CfjelatrtiiBf. 
 
 5Tt)E U.ltUIIOR 
 
 oittictouipas. 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 II 
 
 12 
 
 onVaigatx. 
 
 IO 
 
i8z 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Steuen 'Burrowe. 
 
 14 
 
 3Tt)e bncettein- 
 tie of ebbing $ 
 flotuing. 
 
 H 
 
 \6 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 l? 
 
 20 
 
 Cftcp Inert 
 imthlii i < 
 
 I dlUltBOf 
 
 Pccbora 
 
 31 
 
 22 
 
 djrp returne 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 2<5 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 to* uiiu u?<»acbp,fo tljat i*»i ungtjc n*t.iUL.ucxig,anDtv)iu Uiinu^ui ytrcciuctljatlueUicrc cntrto 
 intoafounD. 
 
 tZDbis afternoone toe tookc in ttoo 0} tbjee fkiffes laoingof Bones to balatt our ttjippe tottball, 
 3It b p ctlj Ijcrc fotire foot tuatcr, aim flotoc t b 1)}) fit s.toucrtatnc to be tuDgeo. 
 
 tf noap toe roao Hill in tbe founD,tbc toinD at &outbtoeff,toitb berp mucb raine,ano at t(# cno 
 of tbe raine it toareo againe mittie. 
 
 ©aturDap there toas mucb toinoe at £/Uefl,ano mud.) raine,ano t^en againe mittic, 
 
 £>unoap was berp miflie, ano mucb toinoe, 
 
 Spunoap berp mi8ie,tbe toinoe at (KHeftno?tl)toe0. 
 
 Cucfoap toas alfo miflte, except at noone : tben the funne b jake out t&jougb tb.e mifl, fo tbat 
 toe bao tlje lajttuoe in 70 Degrees 10 minutes ; tbe afternoone toas mtflp agame,tbc toino being 
 at ftHettnojtljtocB. 
 
 C&c on c f cap at tljjee of the clocke afternoone t be mid b) ake top, it t be toiuo came at <£ attno jtlj« 
 eaB,ano tben toe toepen,ano toent <@>out(j ? bp €aa,butil ftuen of the cIocke,eigbtleagues,tbm* 
 king to (jaue baD Cgbt of tfjc fanoie Ijillcs tbat are to tbe CaBtoarDs oftlje riuer Pechora. &c a 
 5Ko?tbtoea funne toe took mour nuinefaile,becaufe tfjc toino increafco,f toent toitli a fojefaile 
 ffiiMnojtbtocfl, tbe toino being at <£aflno?tljeafl : at nigbt tbere grctoe fo terrible a Bowie , tbat 
 toe fato not tbe like.althouglj toe IjaoinDurcomanpffomics Gncetoe came out of England, at 
 toas toonDcrfuU tbat our barke toas able to bjookc fuel; monBrous 9 terrible fe as, toubout tfc* 
 great belpe of <Soo,tobo neuer faplrtb tbem at neeoe,tljat put tbeir fure trua in btm. 
 
 ^tljurfoap at a gmutbtoutbtoeff fumie,rtjanks be to ©oD,tbe flomie toas at tbe bigbeff, 9 tben 
 tl>c toinoe began to flake, aim came jfto jtkerlp toitball,sf tben 31 reckoneb tlje £Oe8rrmo8 point 
 of tbcrttter Pechora to be feoutlj of os 1 s leagues. 9t a SHeBfoutljtoefl funne toe fet ourmaine 
 faple,aim lap clofe bp tbe totnoe.tlje toinDe being at jaojibtoefi anD bp Ji2ojtb, making but little 
 toap,bccaufetbebillototoentlbljigb:atmtDnigl)t toeecaffabouc, ano tlje ujippecapeojftosth* 
 no?tbsaa,making little toap. 
 
 f rioap atnoone toe Ijao tbelatituoe in 70 Degrees 8 mt'nutes.ano toe founBeo,ano bao 29 fa* 
 Domes fam), anoinmaner flrempgrouno, Sit aKleS fumit' toe caft about to tlje OIUfltoarDS, 
 anD a little after tbe totno came top at Ctlefi. 
 
 "gjaturoap toas calnie : tbe la 1 1 1 uoe tljis Dap at noone toas 70 Degrees anD a teres, toe founDeo 
 beerc , anD baD nine anD fo? tp faoomes aim 05c, toljtclj 0? e fignifieo tljat toe D?eto totoarDsNoua 
 
 Zcmbla. 
 
 fltm tbus toe being out of al bope to Difcoueranp mojeto tlje CaBtoaro tljis peere,toectrjougljc 
 it befltoreturnc,anD tljatfo? t&jee eatrtes. 
 
 'Sbcftra.tbecontinualljSojtbeatt anD jao?tberlptotnDS,toljfcbbauemojepotoer after a maa 
 is paflto tbe UEaBtoarosof Caninoze, tljen in anp place tljat 31 foe knoto i« tljefe jl2ojUjerlp re* 
 gious. 
 
 §)econD,becaufc of great anD terrible abunDance of ice toljiclj toe fato toitb our eies , anD toe 
 Doubt greater Qo?e abioctb in tljoft parts: 31 aouentureD alreaup fomctobat too farre in it, but 31 
 tbanke (Sod foj mp fafe Deliucrance from it t 
 
 itbirD, becaufe tbe ntgljts toareD Darke,ano tlje tointer began to D?ato en toitb Ijis QomieS : 
 anD thrrefo?e 31 rcfolueD to take tbe firQ be CtoinD tbat ©oD ujouId fenD,aimpIietotoatDsH)e bap 
 of^.Nicholas.anDtofeeiftoemigbtDoanpgooDtljere.ifcSoDtootilDprrnuttit. • 
 
 ■Cljia p jefent featurtap toe fato berp much ice, ano toere toitijin t too 0} t b jec leagues of it: it 
 DjetoeD toitobs as tbouglj it l;ao bcene afirmc Iano as farre as toe might fee from jftonbtoeft oft* 
 bsto tbe Safltoaros : aim tbts afternoone tbe Lorn fentbs a little gale of toinoat S>outb,fctbat 
 toe bare clccre off tbe <K3eltermoff part of it, tbanks be to <Sod. 2no tben againff nigbt it toareo 
 calme againe,anD tbe toinoe toas at gmutbtoea : toe mace our toap tottill S> tiiioap noone ^o?t Ir- 
 toctt ano bp ZK&eQ, anD tben toe baD tl;e latttuDe in 70 Degrees ano a balfc, tbe toinoe at S)Outb' 
 toeQ : tljere toas a billato,(b tbat toe coulD not oifcernc to take tbe latituDe eractlp,but bp a teafa- 
 nable geffe. 
 
 SgunDaptbcre toas a pjetie gale of toinoat <§>outlj, fo tljat tore toent Cdlett ano bp feoutb, 
 tbe latituDe tljis Dap at noone toas 70 Degrees 1 o minutes: toee bao little toiimealloap: ata 
 JKUeflnojtbtoeflfanne toe founoeDjano bao 29 faooms blacbe fanoie oje,? tben toe toere i2o$j« 
 eaa 5 leagues from tbe 5^ojtbeaft part of tbe SiflanoColgoieue, 
 
 T. ttcfc ap tbe toita all dJeflerlp toe plvco to tlje totno toaros. 
 
 SOeDncfDap tbe toinD toas all QLIeflerlp, ano calme : toee baD tbe latituDe tljis Dap in 70 ce* 
 grres iomtiuttes.toebeingtoitbintbjte leagues oftlje jftcjtlj pat!t oftlje 3flanD Colgoieue. 
 
 CljutfDap,toe toent roome about tbe C^effermoa part of tbeijflano^eckmg toberetoemigbt 
 
 finoe 
 
 i 
 
'•! 
 
 %ichjtrd lohnfon. Traffiqyes^nd Diicoueries* 28-3 
 
 2p 
 
 3° 
 
 3* 
 
 11 
 
 finoe a place to rioe in foj a jfto? tbuiett toino.buc coulo too nonc,anD thtn toe caft about againc to 
 the featoaros, anu the totnoe came at CGcftfouthU>c(r,aiio < Ins morning tee baD plentp of Ihoto. 
 
 jf rioap,tbe toinor being at <§>outbtocit aim bp C&ctf,tocplico to the toinoctoarOEs, 
 
 sgjaturoap, the toinoe being at §>otttl),toeplpco to the iHIefltoarDs,ano atafternoonetbe mitt 
 I)?akebp,anotljen toe mtgfjt fee the lanofcueno? eight league? to the ffiatttoaros of Gamnoz: 
 toe founoeo alitle brfo ?e ano bao 5 5,faDomst ano o?e. 3n& a tobile after toee founoeo againe, ano 
 ban 1 9,faoome ano fanD : then toe toere toitbin tbjee leagues ano a halfe of tbc ujo?e,ano totoaros 
 night tfjere cairn- ootone fo much toimie,tbat toe toere fatnc to bjtng our fljip a trie, ano latoc her 
 (jeaDtotljelSJetttoaros. 
 
 ^unoap, thetoinocbecame mo?e camte,anot&en ittoareo beriempflie: 9tnobnetoee catt 
 about to the Cafltoaros , the toinoe beeing at §>outb, ano ranne eight Routes on that boo?oe,ano 
 then toe catt about ano cay co QLlett foutbuictt : toe fouiioeo ano hao 3 2 . fathomcs.ano tough oaf e 
 like clap. 
 
 Spunoap,toe ooubleo about Caninozc,ano came at an anker t&ere,to the intent that toe might 
 kill ibme fifi) if <J5oo toouto permit it,ano thsre toe gate a great jaufe,tobiclj iftufes toere tberefo 
 plcntie,tbat thep tooulD fearcelp fttfft r anp other fttb to come neere the bookes: the faio jftufes ca« 
 rieo ateapftmoiie of our bookesano leaos. 
 
 9 litleafter ata ftBett S>unne,tlje toinoe began to blotottojmit at C2M foutbtoeftXo thattoe 
 toere fame to tocp ano fojfafce our fiujing grouno, anD toent clofe bp the toinoe i£>outhtoett,ano 
 s£i>outhtetttano bp S&ctt, making our toap g>otttf) tbuthtoetf, 
 
 September. 
 
 TjMoap at a 2Uett Sonne tee Pounces ano hao 2Q.fat&oms,finti bjoken SEItlkeujelgtj rec» 
 konea Canonize to be 24 leagues iQojthnojtheattfromtos. 
 Che elctient'j bap toe arriueo at Co!mogro,ano there to* tomtereo, erpecting the appjocfc of 
 t'.e nert Somrner to pjscccoe farther in our intenoeo oifcouerie fo? the Ob: tobicb (bp reafon of 
 our imploiments to Wardhoufc the nert fpnngfo? the fearcb, of fame ^nglilb fljips) toas not ac 
 (oiDtng^perfcjmcD^ 
 
 Certaine notes vnperfe&ly written by Richard hhnf on feruant 
 
 to Matter Ricbardchaiuelour , which was in the difcouerie of Vaigatr. 
 
 in&NouaZcmbUi vihhStcueit Bmroivem the Serchthrift 155 6, and 
 
 after wardc among the Sarnoedes , whofe dcuilifh rites hee 
 
 defcribeth, 
 
 3!rtt,aftcr toe oeparteo out of England toe fell toftb Norway, ano on tljat cotte 
 ltetljNorthbernojNorthbergen,anOthi£peopleareSjnDatheiKtng of Den- 
 marke : "But thep Differ tn their fpeecb from the Danes, fo? tliep fpeahe jSojffj. 
 
 9no Bo?tlj of Northbem lie the 3i lies of Rofte ano Lofoot, ano theft 3flanos 
 pertainetoiitoFinm3ike,ano thep ktepe the latoes ano fpeake the language of 
 tbelflanders.ansattheCattermottpartoftbatlanDts a cattle tobicb is callep 
 tlje Ward houfc,ano the King of Denmarke ooeth foittfic it toith men of toarre : ano tfee Kuttes witdhoafe. 
 map not goe to the 2£letttoarD of that cattle. Sno €aft ^outbeatt from tbat cattle is a lantre cal* 
 leo Lappia : in tohicrj lanoe be ttoo maner of people, tl;at is to fap, the Lappians, ano the Scrick- 
 finnes, torjicb Scrickfinnes are ateiloe people teljic^ neither knoto ®oo, no? pet gooo o?ocr : ano 
 thefe people liueintentsmaoe of Deares f fcinires: ano thephnue no certaine habitations, but 
 continue in hearos ano companies bp one buno?co ano ttoo huno?CD3. ano tljeparea people of 
 fmall ttature , ano are clotheo in Deares f knnes , ano onnbe nothing but toater , ano eatc no 
 l)?eao but flettj all rate. 9no tlje Lappians bee a people aoiopning to tljem 9 be much like to ithem 
 
 inalconoicic.na:butthe€mpcrourofRii(riaf)athoflateoucrcomemanieofthem,anDtbeparcin 
 fubiection to him. 3no this people toill fap that tljep bcleeue in the Kuffes Q5oo. ano thep Uue in 
 lents as tbe other ooe. ano S)Outheatt ano bp !§>auth from Lappia ipeth a p?ou:nce calleo Core- 
 lia, ano thefe people are calleo Kerilli. ano^outbfoutheattfcomCorelialpcilia countrtp cal- 
 leo Nouogardia. 3no thefe clnce nations are bnocr the Cmperourof RuflTia , anotheKuflfes 
 keepe the latocof the ©rtekes in their Churches, ano tontefometohat like astheiSreckes 
 tojite, ano thep fpeake tbcirotone language, ano tljep ab!;o?re tlje latinc tongue, neither bane 
 theptoooetoitbtbeljDopeof Rome , anothepljolaeitnotgooototoo?(hippeanp cartteo Smage, 
 pet thep toill toojfljippe papnteo amageisoti table? 0? boojoes , gno in Ruffia their <£bur' 
 
 the?.. 
 
 1556 
 
 Norway, 
 
 RoltesLoToofc 
 Finnurke. 
 
 Lappia. 
 
 CD« Scrtt. 
 finucs. 
 
 ^Uclrtppwn* 
 
 Cotclix, 
 
 NouoRardii. 
 
284. 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, "Richard loknfon. 
 
 Tanaija. 
 
 LampasfltnarC 
 0|fatrcof ilje 
 Suites, 'Sat" 
 tare and §a- 
 
 1110C6S. 
 3I|)c&amact>0 
 
 sanwmv. 
 £>l, Pechora. 
 Vaigatz. 
 
 Nona Ztf mbl.i. 
 ^rsjtBffon!;. 
 BPtn'c jfoccs. 
 H'3'tt btatts. 
 
 ffijje mailer of 
 
 tjic a>a:«o, ub 
 frttrifices, a- 
 i)(iu CU<: nuct 
 Bf Picture. 
 
 c^cjb, ttce^ites, ann bottles areaUotwaoo : ano tljcir lbippes Ujat ttjcp Ijaue are fotoea toftft 
 toitljes ano Ijaue no naples, "Stttc fiSerilles , ftultians ano Spofrouians beemttcbalifeein all 
 conaitions. anO!§>outlj,fromtljeaS)ofcouians ipetlje ttartarimw , tobub bee gpaljumetans, 
 ano liue -in tentcs ano tongons, ano kecpe in bearoes ano compamc s : ano t^cp rjotee it not poo 
 to abioelong in one place ,foj tljep mill fap, uiljcn tbep toill curie any of their cljilo?eK , 31 toouloe 
 tljou migljtefl: tarp fo long in a place tljat tbou migljtcH finell tljinebtunc atmg,as tbe CbuGians 
 aoe:anotbisistbegrcateltcurfetbattbcpbaue, 8na €aft jSojtbeaftof Ruflla lierbLampas, 
 tobiclj is aplace tobere tbe l&ulTes, Carters ano &amoeas meete ttoife a peere , ano make the 
 faire to barter mares fojtoares.&naj^tbeaft from Lampasiictbtlje countrcpof tbe g>amo« 
 eos, tobiclj be abottt the nuet of Pcchere,auo tbefe s&amoeas bee in fubicction to tbe ffimperoitr 
 of Ruffia,ano tljep lie in ccntesmaae of Deere f kitmes, ano tljep bfe mucb mitcbcraft , ano (boot 
 mellinbotocs. i ana3i3ojtbeaQfromtbe ritier Pecherc lietlj Vaygatz^ann ibere aretbe toilae S>a* 
 moetouibuibltfillnotfuffertbeKuIlestolanDoutoftbc^ea, but tlj*p bJillkilltbemanocate 
 tbem , as toec are tolae bp tbe Ernies : ano tljep lute m Ijearos , ano bane all tbetr carriages toitb 
 aeere,foj tbep b^te no bojfcs , 'Bcpono Vaygatz. ipeclj a lanoe calico Noua Zembla, tohicljisa 
 great laiiw:, but toee fame no people, ana there toec Ijaajfoule inougb ,»no tbrretoee fame 
 mijitc jforcs ano tobite Peaces , 9no tbe fapae S&amoeas tobiclj arc about tlje bankesof Pe- 
 cherc,\tl)icl; are in fublection to tbe £mpetour of Ruiria,tobcn tljep toill rernaue from one place 
 6aauotber,tben tljep toill make CacrtficcsmmamierfoUotoiBg. €uerie binrco ooetb facrifice 
 in their otone tent, ana bcetljatis mod auncient is tljetr pjiett . 3no firtt tbe Pjieftaoetlj 
 begmne to plape upon a tfeing like to a great Ceuc , toitb a fkinne on tbe one enoe like a 
 ammrne : ana tbe fitcke tbat be plapctlj toitb is about a fpaunc long , aaa one enoe is rouna like 
 a ball , eoucrea toitb tbe fkinne of an ll)anc« Slfo ibe ^?utt batb bpon bis beau a tbing cf 
 tobitel!keagarlance,anDb!ef face iscouercotoitljapieceafa ibirtof mnile, toitb maniefmall 
 ribbes > anoteetb of fifljes, ano boiloe beailesbmgtng on tbe fame maile, ©ben bee Cngetb as 
 lueebCe beerein Englandcto balloUJ,iDlppe,oj(bou«c at bounces, ano tbe reir of tljecontpan? 
 anfmereljiraiDitb tb'S ©n)tis,lgha,Igha,lgha, anDtbentbe p^ietl replietl; againe toitb W 
 Dopces» 9ho tbep antoere Ijim toitb tbe felfefame mo joes fo maiue times, tbat in tlje enoe be be^= 
 commetbasitmeremaooe , ano falling bottre as bee mere oeao, baumgnotbtngonljijn but a 
 tbirt,Ipingbponbisbacke31migbtperceiuebimtob?eatbe. Satttebtbemtobp bee lap fo, ana 
 tljepaiifmereomee,515otoeooetbouE©ootellbii«tobat weeftjallooe, anombitber mee fljall 
 goe, 3no toben be bao Ipcn fltll a litle lDtjile , tljep trieo tljus tfece times tagttber , Oghao.Og- 
 hao,Oghao,ano as tbep bfe tbefe tbjee calles.bec rifetljbjitbljis btao ano lietboobmeaijatne.nntt 
 tben bee rofe ijp ano fang mitlj like bopces as bee oio befoje : ano bis attoience anfaereo bim, lg- 
 ha,lgha,Igha,'CbenfjeccommauuDcDtbemtokillfiue ©lens 0? great Of ere, anfc continue 
 eo fingiug ttill botlj bee ana tljep as before, 'Ebtnbeetookf a fiuofoeof a cubitcano a fpanne 
 long, (31 oro mete itmpfelfe) ano put it into bis bellie balfcwap ano fometiine IctTe, but no 
 luounnebJastobeefeene.Ctbep continuing in tbeic fuieetefonj Gill) Cbeiibeput tbefmo?oe 
 into tbe fire till it toas marine , sno fo t&mB it into tlje Oitte of bts mirtc ano tb?«ft it tbjougb; 
 i)isbooie,as31tbougbt,inatbisnauillauooutat biSfunoamentJ tlje popnt beeingout of W 
 fljirt bcljintie , 31 lapoe mp finger upon it , tljen bee pulleo out tlje fmoine ano fate DotoijeXbiiS 
 beeingoone, tljep fetaketde«fbjaterouer tlje five to Ijeate, ano toljcntte toatetooetf) feeilje, 
 tbe pjteC beginnetb to fing againe tbep anfmtting bim , foi fo long as tbe toatet mas in beatwg, 
 tljep fate ano fang not.Clien ttep maoc a tljing being fettre fquat e.ano m beigbt ano fquarenefle 
 of a cbaire,anocoueceo toitb a goton fcerpclofe tbe forepart rijcrof,fo? tbe binocr part flooo to tbe 
 tentsfiae. Cbeir terns are rounoe ano are calleochomc intbeir language. Clje mater ttill fee* 
 tbing on tbe fire,ano tljisfquare feate being reaop,tbe p?ieC put offbio fljirt, ano tbctbmglike a 
 gatlano toljicb toas on bis beao,toitlj tljofe tbii'gs tobicb cottereo bis fate , 9 be baa onpet all tbi* 
 mljtle a paire of bofen of neeres fkias mitb $ bait eon,U)bif b came op to bis buttocks.gio be toenc 
 into tbe fquare feat.ana fate aoum like a tailour ano fang toitb a Srong bopec o? balotoing.^ljea 
 tbep tooke afmall Imemaoeof oeeresfismnes of foure fatbomslong,ano mitb a final knotte tlje: 
 p?iefl maae it fall about bis necke,ana bnacr bis left anne.ano gaue it onto tmo men flanaing on 
 botbfioesof bim,totjicbbelo tlje eniis togetber, Cben tbe kettle of bote toatet toas fet before bun 
 in tlje fquare feat.al tbis time tbe fquare feat toas not couereo,anB tben it toas couereo tf agoton 
 of bmao clotb toitbout linincr,fuclj as tbe lauffes to meare. ®btn ttje 2 .me n tobicb did bolo jj eno« 
 oftbcline aufianoingtbere,begantoD?ato,f a?etotiltbepbaa D?amiubcetascftbeiineftiffe ana 
 toget'uer, anD tben 31 bearoe a tbing fall into tbe kettle cf toater tobicb toas befoje bim in tbeteiic, 
 CijetettponJl afkeo tljem tljat fate bpmetobat it toas tbat fell into tbe toatcr tbat fioooe befoje 
 bim. ana tbep anfmereo trie, t&ot-it toas W ¥&> W fljoulaw aua left atme, tobicb tbe line baa 
 
 cut 
 
 1 
 
zjimbajf.from c Rujfia. rraftiques,and Dilconeries. i 2$ 
 
 ttti off, 31 meane tlje knot Uibtclj 31 fame afte rtuarse Djatnen baro tDgctijer. cijni 31 rote tp at;o 
 tooulo tjaiie Iooheo uibctljer it mere fo o?not,bitt tbci> law Ijolo on me, ano fain, tljat if the p tljoulD 
 fee biiu toitlj tfjcir boDflp epes , tbep fljouloe liue no fot{ger<$nB tije moil part of tljcm can fpcake 
 tbeKuffctonpctobceunDecttooD: anotfjep too'-.cme tote aftulfian. Ojentljepbegamicto 
 h,il!oni toitlj tljefc toojDcs, Oghaoa, Oghaoo, Oghaoo, manp times togetljtr.QnD as tbep toere 
 tints tinging $oatcaliittg,31 fame a tljins like afingerof a man ttoo times cogetljcr tljutf tb?ottgb 
 rlje gorunc from the Jpjiefl. 31 afkeD tljem that fate ncjee to me tobat it toastbat 31 fataie, aim tbep 
 faioe, net Ijis finger; fo?bc tuaspet oeaD : ana tljat tobiclj 3! lain appcare tljjottglj tlje plane teas 
 a beaff, but tobat bcalf t!jcp Kncto not no ? tootils not tell. Sno 3J lookcu Upon the goumc,aiu> tijere 
 masnoboletobccfcene ; anDcbcnattbclaflthe]i3?icftuftcD bpbisheaotmtljhtsnjoulDcr ano 
 arme,an$ all his bootc, ana came fojcfi to the fire. '©{jus farre of tbeir feruice mijtcb 3! faloc ott* 
 ring tbe fpacc of ccitainc bourcs : but Ijolu tbep Docboo?fljip their 3iDole? tljat % fani not: fo? tbep 
 pun»ptbciruWcfj?toremouefromtbat place mberetbeplap, <AnD 31 lutntto btmrljat fcrtieo 
 tbel9?ieft, ano attteDljimmbat their (Sod fatDctoljimmi)cnl)eIapasDcan» B;ce antocrcD,tbat 
 Ijis obanc people Poetlj not knoU),nettIjer is it fo? the m to knoin : fo? tljcp muS Dec as be comtran'- 
 Deo. Sbts 31 fam tlje rift cap of Jaimatie in tbepcrc of our lo?D 1 5 5 6,aftet' t!je<£ug!iflj account. 
 
 A difcourfe of the honourable receiuing into England of the 
 firft AmbaiTador from the Emperor of Riiflia, in the yeere of Chrift 
 I 5 j 6, and in thctIiirdyeereoftheraigneofQueene/J^r/>,ieruing 
 for the third voyage to Mofcoute, Regiftred by Maimer lohn 
 lucent Protonotane. 
 
 ^isl)ercrccojDeDbptti?ittno;anDautenticaIlteilimonte,partlpfo?mcmojteof 
 > tljings Done, ano parcip fo? tlje beritie to be knobocu to pottcritie in time to come, 
 1 tljat mbcreastbe tnofUjiglj anD migbtie Inan Vafiliuich Cmperottr of all Ruffia, 
 
 grc at Duke Of Volodemer, Mofcouia ailD Nouogrode,€mpcro? of Caflan,anD 
 [ of Afttachan, io?D Of Pleskie , anD great Duke of Smolenskie,Tuerskie,Yow- 
 goriskje , Permskie, Viatskie, Bolgarskie , anD Sibierskic, Cmpcrottr anD great DltkC of 
 IMnpotbCrS,asNouogrodeintlje nether countries , Ghcrnigoskie , Rezanskie, Polodskie, 
 Rezewskie,Bielskie,Roftoskie, Yeraflaueskie, Bealozarskie, Oudarskie, Obdorskie.Con- 
 
 denskie, ano manic other countries, anD lo?D otter all tljofe partes, in the peere of our Io?D (Sod, 
 felototngtbe account of 5} latin cbttrclj,i 55 6.fent bp tlje fea from tlje po?t of S.Nicholas inRuk 
 fia.ljts rigljt ljono?able ambaffaoo? GrnameD Ofep Napea,Ijis Ijtgb officer in tlje totune anD cotm= 
 trep of Vologda,to tlje mott famous anD crcclient p?inces, Philip anD Mary bp tlje grace of ©od, 
 .ftinganDfUttencof England,Spaine,France anD Ireland, Dtfencers of tljefaitb, 9rcljDuhes of 
 Auftria.DuheSofBurgundie.Millaine^BrabantjtOUntiCSOfHafpurge^landersanDTyroll.IjtS 
 ambaffaoo? $ 2D?ato? mitlj ccrtainc letters tenberlp conceiueD.to.getljcr luitlj ceitainp?efciits ano 
 gifts memioncDin tlje foot oftljts memo?ial,as amantfeft argument anD token of a mutual amttp 
 anD frieuDtljtp to be maDe anD continueD betiucene trjctrmaicfttCES t fttbiccts refpecttttelp, fo? tlje 
 tommoDitte ano benefit of botlj the realities ano people:iKbiclj 2D?ato? teas tlje 2o.Dap of Julp im 
 tatkeoanD fijtpp?Dttt, anDbponagooDCnglifljujiy nameD tlje Edward Bonauenture,bclonging 
 to tbe (5oucrno?,'£onfuls anD companp of €nglifij marcljants, Richard Chancelor being grano 
 ^pilot.anb lohn Buckland maSer of tlje faio ujip.31ntoljiclj nias laocn at tlje atmetttre of tbcfo?e= 
 faiD SlmbaffaDo?, anD marcljants at feuerall accounts, gooos $ mcrcljanDuses, v iz. in tuarc, trane 
 oplejtaUotojfurrcs/elts.parncanDfticbltkejtotbcfummeofioooomMlcrltng.togctbcrttiitbi^ 
 Eutfies attenoant bpontlje pcrfon of the faiD i ambavTaDo?.©uer ano aboue ten other Kuffieslrji" 8 
 peD uiitbtn tlje faiD 15ap of S .Nicholas.tn one otljer gooD (hip to tbe faio companp alfo belonging 
 calleD tbe Bona Speranza,uiitbgooDS of tbe faiD aD?ato?s 9 marcljants to tlje balue of 6000. lib, 
 ficrling,as bp tlje tnuotfes anD letters of laoing of tlje faiD feueral ujipsOljeruntorcIation is to be 
 foaD)parttcularlp appcaretb.&ftbtclj gooD fljips comming in gooD o?Der into tbe feas, 9 trauerRng 
 tbefimeintbeiriounteptouiarDstljccoattcif England, mere bp contrarp uiinocs anD ertreme 
 tempeflsofiDeatberfeuereD tbe one from tlje otber.tljat is to fap, tbe faioe Bona Speranza toittj 
 ttoo otljer €ngltfb fljips alfo appertaining to tbe faioc companp, tbe one Kmameo tbe Philip antt 
 Mary, tlje ot^er tlje Confidentia, tnere D?tuenon tbecoattof Norway, into D?enton mater, 
 toberethe faioe Confidentia masfeene toperiujonaRocke,anDtbeotber,videiicet,tbe Bona 
 Spcranza,toitljljertobolecompanp,being to tbe number of foure ano unentieperfons feemeoto 
 tointcr there, tobcrcof no certaintie at tbis p?efcnt Dap is knouien. 'S.lje tbiro, videlicet, tbe Phi» 
 lip ano Maty arrtttjo intlje Thames ntgljtonDontbe cigbteentb Dap of 8p?ii,in tbe peere of our 
 
 i 
 
 JfOHK Ojijis; 
 
z$6 TheEnglifh Voyages, dAmbajf.fromTZulfia. 
 
 ^OrEJmidBo- £ j>, onctlicuranDfitfcljuncjeofiftteanDfruEn.^rfcE Edward Bonaucnture trauccOngttjefeag 
 
 Srt'iTsLfiana, foure iuonetijs.finallp tlje tentlj DapofifSoucmljer of tic afojsfaiae pcere of our JLojue onetljou* 
 
 p«mJ% %ol fau15 5ucijuna?ca,fifeie ana fire , arritt? B tostntn the s©cctttib coaft in a Bap namea Pcctifkgo, 
 
 ucmb.7. i 5 J6. inhere bp otttragiotts tempcSs, ana crtreittc ttonnes^bc fata fljip being beaten frcm tier grouna 
 
 tacMes, toas ajiuenbpon the rochesonlhoje, tobcrc ibebjakeanB fplic inpieccs in fucfcfojt, 
 
 ast'je granalptlotufingallcarcfulneiTcfo,! the fafctieof tbebooicof tljefapae SmbatTaaour ana' 
 
 IjistrapnejtaUingtljeboatoftbefaionjipjtniatng toattainetljcujojc, ana fotofaue ana pje* 
 
 fcrue the boaie , ana faten oftlje companie o? attcnaants oftlje faiBt SmlmflaDour, the fame boat 
 
 bp ricrojous toaucscf ibe feas,toas bp aarfcc night ouertohelmca ana B?otoncB,to)hrrcinp£riujcB 
 
 bpi!J5r elor notoiilptfjebooicof tljcfaio granaplot,toitb feucn EmTcs , but alfo Bitters of the Mariner? 
 
 ofthc fapa (bip : the noble pcrfonage of the faiae Smbaffaacttrtoitl) a fctoc others (bpQSoos pje« 
 
 fcniation ana fpeciall fauour) onelp toirlj muchaifftcultie fauea* 3!n tobtch fbiptojacfce not 
 
 cnelp tlje faiaeujippe toasb?ofeen,bttt alfo the toljclc mafic- ana boBieof the goccs InOcn in her, 
 
 toas bptljeruae ana rauenousi people of tljeCountrcp thereunto aaiopmng, riflea, fpoplea ana 
 
 rarieaatoap,tothcman!ftttlou'e ana otter acfirttction of all tbeIaaingoftbefaiBujip,an& togc* 
 
 gcthcr toitt) the fl)ip,appateII,ojainantc ana furniture belonging to the compante,in balue cf one 
 
 thoufana pnuncs,of all tohich toas not refltyca totoara the co tfs ana charges to tlje fumme of fitic 
 
 hunajca pottr.a Ceding,. 
 
 &s foonc as bp letters aaajeflea to the fata cempanic, ana in London oelfucrea tfje fin of De« 
 cembcriaapafl,ittoastot!jemcertamelp lutotoeiiof tbeloffcof tfjeir pilot e, men, gooBs ana 
 'fhip, the fame merchants toith all celcrttie ana crpeaition , obteinca notonclp tbeSQucenes m» 
 ieffics moil gracious ana fattottrable letters to the Laaie Dowager, ana IcjDesof tlje Councdl 
 tf Scotland fo^trjs gentle comfojtnunt ana entertainment of tljcfaiac 9mbalTaaour,ljistrainc 
 anacompante.toitrjpjefcrttattonana reflittttton ofht'sgooas, as in fuel) miferable cafes, to 
 Chuu"ianpitic,pHncclp honour ana metre Jtifliceappmairretlj, but alfo aaajcffea ttoo (Sin* 
 tlrmenofgooa learning, gratutieanaetttmatton, videlicet, spatter Lawrence Huflle Dotto? 
 oftlje ©utIILatoe, anoGeorge Gilpin toitrj monep ana other rcquifltcs into tlje IKealme of 
 Scotland, tocomfojt, apee,affttt, ana rdieue him ana his there, ana alfo to ccnauct the 3m* 
 baitaoourinto England, fcnatng toith tljembp potfe a Talmach o? ©pc^chman foj tlje bet* 
 ter furniture of the ferttice of tlje fapae ambaffaaour , trutting thcrebp to hatte tie moje ample 
 ana fpceaie rea^effe of rettittttion : tobtch perfonages bfing ailigence, arritiea at Edenboi ough 
 (toijere the SEUtcenes court toas) the thjee ana ttoentictlj aap of tlje faiee moneth of December, 
 tohoiMutfitingthcfaiaeambaffaBour, aeclaring the caufes of their cemmiugana Commit 
 Con, dittoing the letters aaajeffea in his fauour, tijcojocrgiuentbemfo; bis folace anafurni-- 
 tttrc of all fuclj tijings as bee toouloe rjaue , togethct toitb tljeir aailp ana rcaaie fcrtiice to attenn 
 Dpon ^is pecfon ana affaires , repaitea confet^uentlp ismo tlje Dotoaaer Clut enc ,aeliucting tbe 
 letters, 
 
 2HljereupontljeprcceiueDge|ttIe anfmcres, toitrj Dope ana comfort of fpecaic rettitution of 
 tlje gooas,apparell,ictoel« ana fetters : fo£tljemo?eapparancetoljereof,trje Qucencfent firtt 
 certatneCommtf[tanerstoitljan8parolBofanrreBtoPettiflego,tbeplflce of tlje j§>ijtptojacke, 
 commaunamgbpl^?oclamationanootljer (Eatctes, allfuclj perfons (no aegree crceptea)a(S 
 rjaa anp part of fucb. gooas as toere fpoplea ana tafecn out 0} from tlje ujtp to b?ing t^em in, ana 
 to rettoje tlje fame toitlj ftic^ further o jaer as Ijer grace bp aauife of ^cr Councel tljougbt crpcai* 
 cnt : bp reafon toljercof not toitljouf great labours, paiticsano charges (after long time) ai« 
 uersfmall parcels of COare, ana otbetfmall trifling trjings of no ualue,tocrebp tlje pooler fo?t 
 oftlje §>cottes b?ottgljt to tlje Commiffioners , but tijejictoels, ricl) apparell, picfents,gola,ftl« 
 uer,colllp furces, ana fucjj like , toere conuepca atoap, concealca ana btceelp cmbe^ellea.ffia&er 4 
 upon,tl)eOueeneattljerequcttoftl)efaiBambatraaour, cauftaoittcrsperfonstotbenumberof 
 1 8 o o j mo e,to be callea perfonailp bcfo?e Ijer pjincclp pjefcnce.to anftocr to p faio fpeile,? rcallp 
 toerbibitanab^inginallfucbtljingsastoerefpoileBanabiolentlptaltcn^carieBotttoftljefame, 
 toljcreof not cnelv gooo tefttinom'e bp ton'ting toas ujetoco,but alfo tbe tijings tljemfelucs fctmo 
 in tlje Ijanas oftlje gicottiflj fubiects,to!jo bp fubtile ano.craftie acalings , bp connittence of tlje 
 cornmilftonerSjfobfcB ojratljerabufea thenifeluestotoarastlje fame©rato^l)isattcnBants, 
 tljat no effectuall rettitution toas maoe : but Ije fatigatca toit() aailp attenaance ana cljargcs, tlje 
 i4.Bapof jfeb?uarpuertenftting, Bittrutting anprcall ana effectual renBjtng of the fatoegooBS 
 fmBmarcrjanBi^es anaotljcrt!jep?enu(fes, bponieaueobtamcaof trjefaiae Queerce, oeparten 
 rjis nejjRttutc totoaros England, Ijatttng atttnas'ng bpon Ijim tlje fain ttoo ^ttglitb ©eutlemcn ana otljcrs (lea- 
 Mtt."tos U E B ng- Ht "S ncucrttelette in Scotland tljjee Cngltujinett to purfue tlje aeliuerie of fuclj things as 
 uia' ° jjjere wllcctca to tjaue bene fent bpibip to t)im in England .-toljicij being in ^pjillnert, ana not 
 
 before 
 
 
fJiafjnnoisM* 
 IccrimngintO 
 tl)t title of 
 
 ■ — ■ — ^— i 
 
 Amh ajf.fr ornl^ujf. Trafiiques,<Sc Difcouenes, 287 
 
 befojeimtokeDfo? London, toau not at t^ts^felnu Dap ^ercatn'tico) camctljc iS,oap of JFe= 
 bjuarie to Bar wike toittjtn tlje Dominion ana realme of England, tebcrc Ije toas bp clje SQueenes ■ 
 matetties letters ano commanijeraent honoucabip receiucD,bfcD ana inerrtcsneo lp tljc right i)o« 
 noutablelo^Wharton.Ioja^atDenoftlje^aCmarcljGB.lBithsootilpciJnDurttngfroin place 
 to place, as tljcoaplp iournepsoone ojoinarilp did lie, in fucij oiacr,maner ano fomir ,as to a pcrfo- 
 nageof fucb e(fatefmpertattictb4?e pjofecuting bis bopage butilthc 27,of jfebjuarse appjoebca *&$ ffcfcj,27 
 to tbe citicof London toitljin ttoclue€nglirbmiles,toljcrc Ije u>as tccetueo mid) fourfcoie mer-- 
 tbantstoitb cbaines of golo ano gooDlpapparell, as toel in ojacr of men feruants in one Umfomie 
 liuerie.as alfo in ano bpon gooa hojfcs anD geloings, toljo conaucting bim to a uiarcfants botile 
 foure mileafrom London, recetueo tijere a quantftic of sola, beluee ano filfee, toitb all furniture 
 thereunto requtfite , toijetetoitl) be maoe Ijim ariainggarmcnt,rcpofing bimfclfe tljat nigbt.^be 
 ■ netjt oap being S>aturaap ano tbelaft Dap of jf cbiuarie^je teas bp tbe merchants aoucnturmg fo? 
 Ru(lia,to tbe number of one Ijunojeaana fo?tie pet fans, ano fo manp ot mcieferuants in one it« 
 •.uette, as abou£faiD,conDuctcDtotuatD!Btbeciticof London, toljerebptbetoapljebaD not onelp 
 tlje Uttuttng of ttje JFofc ano fucljltke Cpo jt ftjetoeo Ijim, but alfobp tbeSlueenesmaieltas com' 
 manoement teas receiuco ano embjaceobp tbe right honourable Qifcotmc Montagues-Cent bp 
 jjer grace foj bis entertainment : be being accompauica toirij Diuets lu2ieB.mgbts,efquif rs,gen- 
 tlemen ano peomen to tbe number of tljjeebunDjeabojCesleDbtm to tbe JI2o?tlj partes of tbe Ci 
 tieof L ondon,tobere bp foure notable mercbants ticblp apparellea teas pjefenteo to ijim a right London.' 
 fatreanDlargegelDingricbIptrappeD,togetberuiitbafootc!otbof sDjicnt crimfon bcluet, enri* 
 crjeatottbgola laces, aUratnifyeDinmottgloiiouB fafljion,oftbep'.efent,ana gift of tbe fapce 
 mercbants : tobere bpon tbe ambafTaaout at tnftant Defire mountee , rioing on ttjc toap to* 
 toaras S>mitbfielD barres , tbe firttlimitcs of tbe ubcrctcg of tbe Ctctc of London . ■p&fi.ojS 
 S^ato> accompanica toitb all tbe aioermen in tbeir ffearlct cto recciue bim, ano fo rioing thjougfr 
 rijeCitie of London intbemiDDle,betb3eenetbelojDSpaioj amrUifcotmt Montague , a great 
 numlier of mercbants ana notable petfonages rioing bcfoie, auo a targe troupe of feruants ano 
 apprentices following , teas conaucteo ttjjougb tbe Cttie of London (toitb great admiration ana 
 jjlauGbilitte of tbe people running plentifullp on all Gees , ano replenifting all arms in Curb foit 
 as no man toitboutpifficultie migbtpaffe) into bis longing Ctuate in jFant cbuccb ttrecie/toljcrc 
 mere paouiaea fo; him t mo cb ambers ricblp bangtD ano occIud, oucr ana about tbe gallant furni* 
 tnre of tbe toljole Ijottfe, togttber toitb an ample anD ricb cupboo?D cf plate of aE foites, to furnill) 
 anDferuebtmatallmeales , ana other ferttices During bis abooc in London,bjljicb toas,asisbn a 
 Berto^itten,bntiltbetbirDDap of S^ap:Dwrtngtobicb timeaailp Diners aiaermcn ano tlje grauett 
 petfonages of tbe fata companic bio bifice bim,pjouioingalI fetno of bictualsfoi bistable ano ljts 
 feruants.tott b al fo?ts of ©meets to atteno upon bim in gooD i'o ; t anD conDition,as to fucb an am* 
 bat&Dotir of bonour ooctij ana ought to appertatne. 
 
 3ltis alfo to be rememb jcd tbat at bis firll entrance into bis r bambc r,tbr re tow p?efentec bnta 
 ftim on tbeEluecncs Spate&ies bebalfefo? a gift anDp?efent,ana bis better furniture inapparel, 
 one rictj ptecc of clotlj of tiflitc, a piece of do tlj of tjolns , anotljer piece of clotl; of goloc ratfeo teitb 
 cttinoEin beluet, a piece eff crimofinbeluet in grame, a piece of purplebeluct, a piece of Damif fee 
 purpIco.apieceofcrimoltnDamafkejtobicbbemoatbanfefullpaccpteD. Sn tbtsbeatttifull loo= 
 ging refrefbing ana preparing btmfelfe ana bis traine toitb tbing3 requiSte be abet e, ejepecttng 
 tbefcings maietttes repatreout of FJandersinta England, tobofcbigbiietfe arriuingtbe one ana 
 ttoentteof Sparcb, tbe fame ambalTaoour tbe Sue ano ttoetmetlj of 39arc!j being tbe annunciate 
 onofottrlaaie (tbeaapttoeluemonctbbetocKcbislcauefromtbcCmperour bismafler) toast 
 mott bonourablp fc?ougbt to tbe Eing ana ©ueenes maieffies court at (KLleOtmintf er , toberc ac< 
 tompanieo firff witb tlje faia SJifcount ana otber notable petfonages , ano tlje mercbants, bee at' 
 riuing at Weftminftetb?iage, toas tljete rcceiuea toitb dreloras.cottDuctea into a Catelp cljam? 
 Iter ,tobete bp tbelo?D?,Cbanccllo?, Creafi trer, pjiuie feale,aDimrafI,b:njop of Elie,ana otljet 
 Counfellcrs, beetoasbiBteo anofaltiteatanDconfequentlptoas bjougbtbntc tlje iiJtnpsann 
 SQueenesmaiefticsp^efence, fitting bnoec a Catelp clotb of bonour, the cljambermaff ricljlp 
 aeckcD ano furntfljea, ana mott bonourablp p jefentea . ©Ubere, after tljat bee bsa aelitterco Iji^ 
 letters , maoe bis ©Ration, giuen ttoo timber of tables , ana tbe repo?t of tlje fame maae both, 
 inCnglifb ana SipaniQj, in mott iouing maner embjacea,toas toitb muclj bonour ana bigb enter 
 tainrment, in figbt of a great confluence of people.Io^aes ana Laaies cftfoones remittee bp toa* 
 tec to Ijis fonntr loaging.to tlje tobicb.toitljin ttoo aapes after bp tbe afligncment of tbe Sxing ana 
 diteenes maiettics.repairea ano conferrea tottlj bimfecretlp ttoo graue Counfellers,tbat is, tbe 
 lejaTUifljopof Elie, ana S»ir William Peter I5nigbt,tbiefe;§>ecreearp to tljeirlipigbnetre, toljo 
 aftecaiuergfecrrttalfeesanaconferencejs.repojteDto tbcirbtgbnctre tljeir pjocecDmgs,tbcgra* 
 
 uitie, 
 
 II 
 
z88 The Englifh Voyages, JmbaJffrom'RuJf. 
 
 unit, toifeo omc, ano Cat dp beljauiour cf tbe fapo 9mbattaDo ur , in fuel) fou as boas mucb to 
 
 tbeir maieBies content attorns, i***"** 
 
 »iragtuana jfinallp conelttDtng Upon fuclj treaties ano articles of amitte, ag tfjc letters! of tlje Bxingst ant» 
 
 Swncmi. ©urates maiefiiesmoflgraciouuptonoertbegreatfealeof England tobimbptbefapo couufel* 
 
 BtDarmconfic lersocttuereo,Dotbappeare, 
 
 sn« fMi"(Jf ' %l)t tb?ee ano ttoentietb of 9p?iJ, being tbe feafl of &. George,toberem bias celebjateD t&e 
 
 EnguiKi. folemmtie of cbe.ftouleojoeroftbe (Batter at Weftminfter,tbefamelojoambalT«Dourb)aseft* 
 
 fooncs requires to baue autiiente : ano ujcr c f o je conduct eo from ttje fapo looging to the court b? 
 
 tbetigbt j3obletljelojos Talbot ano Lumley to tbeir maieBies pjefence: tobere.after&isSDias 
 
 t ion maoe,ano t banks bortj giuen ano receiueo , bee mofi Ijo no ttrablp tooke bis leaue iuitb com* 
 
 menoations to tlje Cmpetour, GLl biclj being oone.be bias b; it b fpe rial fj one ur Ieo into t&e cbap< 
 
 pell, tobere before tlje Kings anoHuecns maieBies, in tlje figljt of tbcbiljoIe©j6crof ttjcOar* 
 
 ter, bias p?epareo fo j ijtm a flatelp feate, tofjetein be acrompanico tottlj tlje Duke of Norfolke, 
 
 tbe Io?os laB abouemcmioneo,anD manp otljer bono ?able per fonages, toaspjefent at tbc tufjole 
 
 feruice,in ceremonies! toljtcb tojerc tobimmoB acceptable : tlje oiuinc fctuire cnoeD,be rftfoones 
 
 tuas remtttco ano reoucco to bis barge, ano fo repaireo to bis looging, in like o?ocr anb gratoU* 
 
 tion of tbe people toniuerfallp, as before. 
 
 jponte nonhip ^ l)t tim oiti,z P eere N&flg^f ?oft£*fcHi anDOepartute of tlje 9mbaflaoo?, tlje rcercfjantt 
 
 ijjipB of %c p Ijauing pjepareo f oure gooolp ano toocU trimmeo (bippee laocn tutt lj all hints of mercljanoifes apt 
 
 pJSmtlS to fo * RuT'Mbe fame 9mbaffaoour mating pjomfion fo? futb tbmgs as Ijtm pteafectljefame Gjips 
 
 «H(rM,i557. tngaooojoerOaleocotonetbeSiueroflZLbantes.ftom London to Grauefcnd, inhere tbefame 
 
 9mbau"aoour britlj bis traine ano furniture bias imbarkeo totoarss Ijie toot age bom cbiartjbJbidj 
 
 ©oopjofperin allfclicitie. 
 
 3lt is alfo to be rememb jeo, tljat During tbe toljole abooe of tbe fapo 3mbau*aoour in Eng- 
 land, tlje Agents of tlje fapoe marctjantsoto not encip pjofecute ano purfue tbe matter of re* 
 Bitutionin Scotland, anocaufeofucbtbings to belaoenin an Cngliftj ujippcbireopurpofelp 
 to conuep (be 9mbauaoours goons to London ,tberc to be ocliuereo to Ijtm , but alfo outing bis 
 abooe in London, oio faottj inuttc bim to tbc SBaioj.p.nD Diners toojujipfull mens boufts, fea* 
 Bing ano banquetttngbtm rigb t frienolp, fljebring vnt o Ijim tlje moB notable ano rommenoable 
 Bgbts of London, as tbe kings palace ano boufe, tbe Cburcbes of Weflminfter ano Powies, 
 tlje Coteer ano Suite ball of London,ano fuclj Itbe memorable fpcctacles, 9 no alio tbe faio 29. 
 oap of 3pjii,tbe faio met cbants auembung tbemfelues togetljer in tlje boufe of tbc Djaprr p Ijal 
 of London .etbibiteo ano gauctonto^ faio 9mbau1aoo?,anotablefimpergarnin;cDlDitbniuncbe, 
 ffinteriuocs ano bankets : in tbe brtjicb a cup of toine being Djunke to btm in tbe name an6;lieu of 
 tbe toljoic companie.it loas figmfieo to btm tljat tlje tobole companp inttfj moB liberal ano fucno« 
 Ip bearts.oio fcanhlp giue to bim ano bis allmaner of coBs ano cljarges in bicttiate rioing from 
 Scotland to London ouringbtS abooe tljere, ano tontillfetcingof fatie abcojotbe fl;ip,requefling 
 bim to accept tbc fame in gooD part as a teflimonie ano lottnes of tbeir gooD &earts,?eale ano ten* 
 oernefletotoaro? bint ano bis countrep, 
 
 3t is to be confioerco tljat of tbe Bona Speranza notoo?onojfenotoleogetoas &ao attfjispje* 
 fentoap,no?petoftbeamualloftbeujips o?gooos fromScotland, 
 
 ■Sljetbiro of flpap tbc SmbaflaOourDeparteoftom London to Grauefcnd,accompanieD tot't^ 
 Diners 9loermen ano mercbants.toboingBoo garo fet bim aboojo tbe noble Bjippe, tbe Primrofe 
 9omiral to tlje jf leete,iB)bere leauetojas taken on botb Goes ano parts,after manpimbjacemenrs 
 ano oiuers faretoels not toitbout etpjeffing of teares. 
 
 
 «DE King ant) Memorandum, tbat tbe 8rfl Dap of S^ap tlje CoUttfellerS, videlicet.tlje BifijOp of Elye , anD 
 
 St"I!w f ih« D ^' r William Peter on tbe bebalfe of tlje Sings ano QueenesapateflicstepattingtBtbelojoe 
 •emptrout of 3mbau"aoottr Dio net onelp oeliuet tonto Ijim tljeir bigljnes letters of recommenoat tons bnoer tlje 
 Kuffia * greatfealeof Englandtotbe^mperour, totrp tenoerlp ano frienolp tojittcn, but alfo on tbeir 
 
 maiettiesbebalfe gaueanooeliueteo ccrtaine nctablepufcmstotbe^mpetoursperfonjanoal* 
 Co gifts fo? tlje lo?o3mbaflaoours pjcpettofeanobeboofe, as bptbe particulars tonoer toutten 
 appearetlj , toattlj fucb further gooo lxio) oes ano tommenDattons,as tbe mo je frienolp baue not bin 
 bcaro.tobcrebpitfppearctb iiotojtojellaffcctcotljcir bouours be to baue ano continue arnttte ano 
 traffique bcttoecne tbeir Ijonours ano njeit fubiecrs t toljicb tbing as tbekings ano (Quetnee ma» 
 tefiiesbaueujetoeD of tbeitpjincelp munificences f liberalities, Co baue ubetoife tlje mettbants 
 ano fellotoOjip of tbe9ouenturers 1 foj ano toRuifia, manifefleoto tbetoo?lo tbeir gooo toilleSt 
 minDeganDjea'es bo^netotbtsnetocommenfeDtiopage, as bptbe oifeourftabouementioneo, 
 ano otljer rtje notable actes ouer long to be rericco in tbts pjetew memo jiall, ooetb ano map moft 
 
 ciearelp 
 
 
< Bkhard Qhartceler. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 clearelp appeared ttfce tobereof is not in anp pjeGoent o? Ijtaojie to bee (hcUieo, 
 
 jFojafmucbasitmapbeeDoubteDhoiu thefbip namcD tfje Edward Bonauencure fuffereo 
 (biutojacke, torjat became of tbegooDSjbotoemucbtbcp toere fpoileo ano oetcinco, fcato little 
 rettojeo, tobatcb<rgesanoerpenfesenfueo, to^at perfonagestoereDjoriincDjholDthereltof 
 the (bips citljcr atriueo oj perifibeo, 0} home tlje Ditpofition of almigbtje <Soo batb lojougbt bis 
 pleafure in them, Ijoto the fame ambaffaoour batb bene after the miferable cafe of ujipto?acke m 
 Scotland unteuetentlpabufcD, ano confequentlp into England receiueo ano conoucteo» there 
 intertameD,\)teo,honoureD, anofinallpin goon Cafetic totoaros bis rcturnc , ano rcpaire furni* 
 (be»,aito totthmurb liberalitic ano frarikebatiDling frienolp oifmitfeo , to the intent that the 
 truethof then^imflesmapbeetothemoa migbtle Cmperour of Ruflia fincerripGgnificoin 
 efcheiument of all ettents ano miffo jtunes that map chante in this Dopage ( mhtch (Son oefeno) 
 totbeambaffaooursperfon, traine.ano gooos, this pjefent memo jiall is tojitten, anoauten* 
 tiMpmaoe, ano bpthefapoe ambalTaeour his feruants, tohofe names be tonoertojitten, ano 
 trame inpjefenceof the jfrotarie , ano toitnctTes bnoernameo , recoptjeo, ano arimoMeo* 
 geOf ©iuctt the oap, moncth, anopeetebnoertojitten, of tubicb inflrumentintoeuerpof the 
 fopoc Shapes oncteftimontall is DeIiuereo,anDtbe fir 11 remainetb toith the fapoe Compa* 
 nie in London, 
 
 289 
 
 Giftes fent to the King andQueenes Maieftiesof England 
 By the Emperour of G(ufsia,by the report of the Jbnbafadour, and 
 fpoyledby the Scots after the shipwracke. 
 
 1 tfitftfijcz timber of Sables rich in colour ano bairc. 
 
 a jltem, ttoentie entire Sables erceebing beautifull toitfj teetlj,eares ano clatoes* 
 
 3 J tern, foure litting Sables tot th rhaines aim collars. 
 
 4 3tem, thirtie infantes largemto beautiful!, 
 
 j 3!tem, fire large ano great ffcinnes &erp rich ano rare, toojne onelp bp the Cmpc* 
 
 rout foj lDoonhtncfTe, 
 6 atem, a large ano faire tobite 3Ierfatocon fo? tlje toiloe Stoanne, Crane, <Soofe, 
 ano other great jf otoles, together toitlj a o jumme of flitter, tlje hoepes gtlt, 
 , tofeo foj a lure to call the Capo I^atuhf, 
 
 Giftcs fent to the Emperour of Rufsia by the King and 
 
 gueenes UWaiefiies of England. 
 
 i jTfrfl, ttoo rich pieces of cloth of &uTue« 
 
 a atem, one fine piece of Scarlet, 
 
 3 31 tern, one fine U tola in graine, 
 
 4 atem, one fine 3?ut cloth, 
 
 j .litem, a notable paire of ISjfganoiros toity a ajtorrfan coneren toith Crimfon M 
 
 uet ano gilt naileS, 
 6 atem, a Spale ano jfemale tions. 
 
 Giftes giuen to the AmbafTadour at his departure, ouer and 
 
 aboue fuch ttvocre deliuered vnto him at his firH arriualL 
 
 i Jftrff, a chaine of goloe of one hunojeo pouno. 
 
 * i 3t em, a large "Baton ano Ctoer.ftlucc ano gilt, 
 
 ? 31 tern, a paire of pottle pots gilt, 
 
 4 Stem, a paire of flaggons gilt. 
 
 Bb 
 
 The 
 
200 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, aAmbalf.from%ufsia» 
 
 The names of all fuch Rufsics as were attendant vponthc 
 
 Lffmbajfadour, at and before his departure out of England, 
 
 "Ifaak- Fwcffcheneke, 
 Demecre. 
 Goibolones, 
 Symonde. 
 ^•Yeroffia, 
 Stephen. 
 Lowca. 
 Andria. 
 Foma. 
 
 Memorandum, tljC tap ano peereof out io?D aboue mentioned, in ttjerjoufe of thetaojfljip' 
 full Iohn Dimmocke Gittyn ano Djaper of London, Rtuate tortrjin tfee famous Citic of Lon- 
 don in cbeEealme of England, tbe aboue nameo bonoutable Ofep Gregory wich Napea 3m-- 
 Iiaffaaottc ano ©xatoj aboue menttoneo, perfonallp tonttitutco ano pjefent, bailing oeclareo 
 Unto rjtra bp tbe mouth of tbc rig&t too jfibipfull matter A n thonie H u file £ fquire,trjc effect of the 
 caufes ano contents), of, ano in this boofce, at the interpretation of Robert Be ft bis interpreter; 
 ftDomcrccegnijeo^no knotolcogeo in pjefence of me tlje jiQocarie gtpetfonages tonoertojitttn, 
 the contents of ttjts boofec to be trucaftuell fo? bis otonc perfon as fo j bis fcruants aboue namco , 
 torjo Din not fubfertbetbeit names as is aboue mentioneo, but nnelp recognizee tbe fame* Jn 
 toitneffe tobereof, 31 Iohn Incent jfrotarie 1j3ublt&e, at tbe requett of the fain Scatter Anthonic 
 Hufli e,ano otber of tbe S^archants Ijattc to tbefe patents »no ccto utt en fet mp accuttomco ficrnt, 
 toitbthe^ubfcriptionofrnpname, the cap ano pcere about tomtten, being pjelentrtjerjjljt 
 £Ko?u)ipfu!l, 
 
 "Andrew Iudde. O 
 George Barne. ^Knights-t) 
 William Chefter. J i» Aldermen of London; 
 
 Rafc Grecncaway. . .. j 
 Iohn Merfh Efquier. 
 Iohn Dimmock. 
 Blafe Sanders. 
 Hubert Huflie, anB 
 
 .Robert Beit aboue mentioned 
 
 The voyage of the forefaid M. Stephen Burrough, An. 1557. from 
 
 Colmogro to Wardboufe, which wasjent tofeeke the Bona Efperan^a 3 the Bona Co* 
 fidencia, and the Philip and Mary, which were not heard of theyeere before. 
 
 May. 
 
 ! H3on &unoap tbc 2 3 .of 9pap, 31 oeparteo totth the &earchth jift from Colmo- 
 gro.tljelatituoetobereof is64.oegrees, 2y.minutes, ano tbe bariation of tbe 
 compaffe, ^.Degrees, 1 o.minutes from t(je jQortb to tlje Caff. 
 
 ^aeoncfoaptoe came to tbe 31fiano called Pozanka, tobicbJtfano tstoitbm 
 
 foure leagues of tbe barre Berozoua, $t flotoeth here at jm <£att ano bp 
 
 S>outb^oonefuHfea. 
 
 Staturoap m tbe mowing me oeparteo from Pozanka, ano plieo to tbc barre of Berozoua 
 
 Gooba,tobereuponineecametoan6eraealotoeta)acer , ano founoeo thefaioSEJarre toithout 
 
 t too §>tsiffcs, ano founo in the bed upon tlje fljoaloefl of t be barre 1 3 .foote luater bp tbe rule. %t 
 
 bight tb upon tbis barrc'm fputig Creames 5 .foote luater : ano an Call spoone mafcetb a full fca 
 
 Upon tbis barre. 
 
 fetmoap in tbc mowing toceoeparteo from tbe barre of Berozoua, f no plieo along bp tlje 
 flioalDs lit flue faoomc , bntill 31 bao light of S. Nicholas roabe, ano tl.cn lece caQ alette to tlje 
 «wa»eca. jfrojtbnjarD.s,ano toent totttj ahommocke, to&icbis balfe a mile to the Cafltoaros of Coya Reca, 
 tofjtch jjommocfee ano S.Nicholas abbep Ipe ^outhfouthioeff, ano MoplnoflU&it, ano W 
 
 tfteene 
 
 SO 
 
 30 
 
Step-km 'Bur rough, Traffi ques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 tmcene them are 1 1 * leagues, Coia Reca is b.slfe a uitle to the Caftuiaros of Cofcaynos. Cof- 
 caynosf the mioocsof theSJflanD calteo Mondeufbua oflroue,mhich is tbttiart ef the barre of 
 Berozoua Itcth South ano lip <£aff,.lfto }d) ant) bp Klleff, ano betwccnc them are ^leagues, o j 
 aspou map fap front the Scaboojo part or the barre to Cofcaynos arc ?. leagues ano a halfe, 
 
 S©unoap at a i}5o?t!jea'J aiiD bp Ca3 funne tee mere tijtoart of Cofcaynos. 
 
 Dogs iiofc licth from Cofcaynos jftottbnorthmcff , ano bcttoecne ifyem arc eight IcagufSi 
 anoDogs nofe ujetoctb like a ©urncros heaD,if pott beitrtuarDlp on both, fines of it ; on the loiuie 
 point of Dogs note there fianoet&a croffc alone. 
 
 Iune. 
 
 FEom Dogs nofe to f orcnoft arcth?ec leagues , .ttojthanobp SUcff, 
 %i)t 2.oapof luneHmeuconfboate 2,intles tothcjaojtlnuarosof Dogsncfe,atttibaB 
 the latitude of that place in 65 ,Degrccs,47,m!mitcs,3lt flolocth a fboare at tlusplaccat anCEatt 
 £^oone full fea,anti the Qjippe lap tbmart to menoe a flooo ,tn the off, at a Sottthfotttheaff moonc, 
 So that it is to be bnoerftoooe, that mben it is a full fca on the fboarc.it is tuio points to ebbe,be- 
 fo?c it be a lome mater in the off, %\je variation of the Compaue at this place is 4,oegrees from 
 ttie jftojth to the Caff. 
 
 ■Chis oap the jaojthno?thtocff toinoe cut bs backc againe mith Dogs nofe, mhcre a (hip map 
 rtoe tljttiart of afalt houfe,in 4,faoome,oj 4,fabome ano a halfcof mater, ano hatte LanDfange 
 foj a jao?tlj ano bp aitell tutnee : tohtc'j Salt haufe ts halfe a mile to trje Southmatos of 
 Dogs nofe, 
 
 if rioap at a Soutbfouthmeft Stmnc,U)ee oepr.rteo from thts Salt houfe. %t is to be notcn 
 tljatfourcmiies totbejftojthmarus of Dogsnofe there grotoe no trees on thebenke bpthe 
 mater Roe : ano the bankes confiff of fullers earth, 2Ducr the tliffcs there grotoe fome trees : fo 
 that Dogs nofe is the better to be knomen becaufe it is fullers earth , ano the like 3; bauc not 
 feene in all that Countrc p« 
 
 3 heao of jfotcncfe a league from the fboare there are 1 5, faoomc : bctteirt Jfore nofe ano 
 Zolatitfa there are ^leagues, 31 meane the Southerlp part of jf ore nofe, 
 
 Sunoap 3 founoeo the barreof Zolatitfa,lohich the Ruffes tclo me mas a goon harbojom,bui 
 inthebettof it 31 founD but 4.footemater, 
 
 SgHmoapj hao the latituocin 66, oegrees, ano then mas pointPcntecoft fircleagues' South 
 of OS, 
 
 SHeonefoap 3; ment on land at Crotte 31iTanD, ano tooke the latitttoe, mhtch mas 66,oegrc cs 
 34.minutes. 
 
 3Be being oneleaguc jfrojtheaff of Croffe 3IfIano, 31 fame thelano on the Cafffioe, mfctch 31 
 iuogeo to be Cape good fortune, ano it mas then Caftfbuthcaff of bs 9 .leagues. 
 
 Cape grace is 7.lcagues anD a halfe 312o?theatt from CrofTe 3ifiano, 
 
 'Sthereare 2.3lPianos 5, leagues ^o?thnoj[heafifromCapegrace,tf)£Southermoffoftbem 
 is a little long 31 Kami almott a mile long, ano the jftoulif rmoa a little round Ifknt^nno thep are 
 liotbharoaboojDthc fhoje. 
 
 Cape Race is from the SouthermoR 3Hlano j15o?th ano bp S3Hc(r,ano betmcenc tljcm are tmo 
 leagues, ano from that ano halfca league ^o?thno?tl)mcjf, there is another papnt, Toctmcene 
 mhichpopntano Cape Race, the Ruffes Ijaue a Scanauifh o?ljarbojomfo?thctt Lodias :anoto 
 the^eflmarosof tl)cfait)popnt,t!jerctsaff)oalebap. 
 
 Clj?ee leapesanoahalfe to Ji5o?t!jmari)S of Cape Race.mehaothelatituoe on the icoap of 
 this moneth in 6y t ocgrees x o.minutcs.Eioing mtthtnhalf a league of the (hoarc in this latituoe 
 31 founo it to be a full fea at a 3fronb ano bp €afl moouc.J Ijao mherc me roaoe tmo ano ttocntie 
 faooome, ano tbctailom mijich is taken bp is full of great broken ftjels, ano fome Hones mithall 
 like bnto fmall fans congealeo together, 
 
 5From a South fttmie that mee mepeo, the minoe being at jl5o?thanobp Caff , meetijfucn 
 totheminomarosljalte th?cbbc,miththcfl)ip3heao to tljeCaffm^ros, 9nothen mljen me caff 
 her I;eao to the H3ettb)arDs,mcfouitoco,anD rjaD 2 2.faoome broken (heis,ano grap t&nt; tfjt'S p?e= 
 lent oap mas bcrp mtffic, mith froff on the fljjomos as the miff fell, 
 
 Jfrioap intbe moaning at an €aS funne, the miff b>ake bp a little, tlje minbe being at po jtfj 
 anDbpSUefiaaiffegalcottrihjomoes ano roapes otter hcao being cottereomithfroff, ano Itkclp 
 to bea t!o?mc : 31 thought it gooo tofceke anvjarbo^omjano fo plieO roome mitb the JffanDS mhtcfj 
 atetmo leagues to the Soutbuiaros of CapeRace, ano mithtn tljefe 3llanOs(thanbesbce to 
 <8>oo)tue fouuo ljarbo?om fo? bs, 31t higheth at tljcfe 3!fianos tmo faoomc mater: it flometh in the 
 
 15 b a faarborom 
 
 291 
 
 ■ 
 
 Colcapru)?, 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 'cttjc unnatiolt 
 or the (£om- 
 pa(U'4,Be-- 
 SCC(5. 
 
 3 
 
 Sim Hoft, 
 6 
 
 10o?nt 0tnt6' 
 con. 
 
 9 
 
 CrotTfSnanD* 
 
 Cape 5000 
 
 fcjmne. 
 
 (Caps state. 
 
 CapcKacf 3 
 
 10 
 
 ^roatnjHnc, 
 
2pl 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Stephan 'Burroughs 
 
 'Zti SXltove. 
 
 
 \6 
 
 31". 
 
 ^Tftebarfa* 
 tton. 
 
 *7 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 Hi pcput, 
 
 22 
 
 Gape <0AfcJ 
 
 lam. 
 
 . : 
 
 Ijscbopra at cijt3 placeat a j|>outjfouthcaa moons fttl fea: antra fea boojo itflotoetb at ag>outb» 
 foutlruieamooneafuilfea. 3i;foe Ruffes Cfrll elites aflanfi, Tri Oftroue. 
 
 goti map come in bcttoeene tlje little Jflano and tlje great 3iflano, anoKecpe pott in tie mios 
 of toe &ound, and if pou bojtotoe en anp Goe , If t it bee on the grentcG Slfiano , and pou ftall 
 batte at a !oto toater, fourc fadome, ano tljjcc fadome ano a balfe, ano tbjee faboir e, bntill that 
 pou tiEiijot io fane in i~st!jen2crotoeG,tobicb is bcttocenc tlje jiSo?tbcrmoG poiut of the greater! 
 
 afiaRO.anDtijC^outljernepointoftbematnctoljicljiBrigbtagatnCit.aniitben^aletotbejQojtrj 1 
 toaeds Ttattrj tlje croife tobtcij Gawetlj in tbe mainland pou (ball ijatte at a lotoe ttatcr 1 o» foote 
 toatcr, ano faire faun. 3no if pcu be oifpofeo to goe trjiougf) the ;§>ounO to tlje feouthtoaros, 
 fceepe the 3fr ojtljtoeG tboare aboo?oe, fo? on ttje 3|flano Goe after pou be fbottc fo f arte in as tlje 
 crofle,ic is afljoalc of rockes balfe the found otter :tobitb rockes so Infibr.to tbe fectttherlp part 
 of the great 3Wano, ana Mijerto tbe <§>tmtbtoarB3, 3nd if pou be conGrainco to feeke a barboj 
 fo? iftajtberlp luuides.tobcn pou come out of tbe fca,hale m toitlj tbe g>outberlppart of tbe great 
 3fland,gniing tljeJiflatid a fatre btttfeano as poufhoote totoarostijemaine.pou fijallGnde roade 
 fojall ifro?t!jf:rIptoindes,tn foure fadome,fiue,Greand fetten fadome,at alotoe toater. 
 
 ailbtoitbiiubis great 3Uano ( tfnecdebee) pou map haue a good place 10 ground a fljipin: 
 tbe great Jifiand is almoG a mtle longand a quarter of a mile oner* 
 
 ChisGo?nie of .tf^tljerlptoindelaGcobntill tlje io\of this monetb,and then tbe totndc came 
 feout!jerIp,but toe coulo not getaut fo? 3 ce.3l tocnt on fijo?e at tbe croGe,auo tooke tbe latitude, 
 tobicbis66.degrecs,58.minutes 3 3o,feconds:tbebartationof the CTompalle 3, degrees ansa 
 balfe from tbe 3fro ?tb to tlje <£aG, 
 
 ^bttifoap being faire tocatber,andthetoindeat ,Ji2o?tbtoc plied to tbe totnde-toatds toitb, 
 failes and oarcs : toec Gcppcd tbe flood this dap cb?ec leagues to the j12o?t&toaros of Cape Race, 
 ttoo miles from tbe fijoare, ana bad ttoentie fadonte toater, faire grap and blacke fano, and b?o> 
 kenujels. Snotohcn tlje flake came toeetoaped and made aboojo to the Gjoare-toards, ano baa 
 toitljin tteo cables length of the (boarc, eigbteene fadomes faire grap and blacke fano : a man 
 map finac ro adc tljere fo ? a jfro?tlj toinoe, ano Co to tlje SHeGtoaros, 
 
 ^too leagues to tlje gboutbtoaro of Corpus Chriffi poynt, pou map Ijaue iLanofang fo? a 
 $2o?tbandbp <£aG totnse, and from that to tbe SSlefttoatos tit 23 . fadome almoGamile from 
 fljoare, aud fatre fans ,and amongG tlje fano little pong fmall limpets, 0? fuch like as grotoe bp-= 
 cnmttfcles : and toitbtn ttoo cables lengtb andlcffe of tbe Gjoare are eigbteene fademes, and tbe 
 founding afo?cfaid,but tlje pong limpets moje plctuifttlU Jt toas afull fea toljere toe roade,al< 
 moG a mile from (boare, at a §>otttb and bp GUeG moone : ttoo leagues to tlje Soutbtoards of 
 Corpus Chrifti point is tbe bttctmoG land , toljt'cb land and Cape Racelpetb feoutb and Ijalfe 
 a point to J^eGtoards, and jftowb ano Ijalfe a point to tbe CaGtoards, and bettoeene tljcm are 
 Dre leagues, hiding trj is dap Gre leagues to tlje jSojtbtoardg of Cape Race,tlje toince at jfto?tb= 
 no?tbtoca,toubmiGandfroG,atnoonetbefunne appeared t^ottpjb tljemiG, fotljat31b«tit^e 
 latitude in 67,dcgrces,2p t minutcs» 
 
 Spundap toe toere tbtoart of Corpus Chrifti poinc.ttoo leagues antra balfe from fljoace,o? ra« 
 tber mo?e,tobere toe founded, and had 3 6,fadoms,and broken corie fbels, toith bjanrtic fand.but 
 tbe broken fljels derp tljicke, 
 
 'Cuefoapm tlje mo?ning toe toere fijotte ahead of Cape gallant, ^itl) theRufles call Soti- 
 noz . 9nd as toe toere ffjot almoG balfe a league bettotrt it, and Cape comfort, tlje totnd came 
 toj at tbe 3#o?tljtocG,and after to the jao?tljtoaros,fo that toe toere faine to beare roome to feefte 
 a harbour, tobere toe found goodfjarbourfo?alltoindes, and tlje leaG 7, fadome toaterbettoeene 
 S.Iobns3flands,and tbemaine» 
 
 9ftrr tbat toe came to an ancic,tee tcoke tlje latitude,toljtcljtoas<58. degrees 1. minute, after. 
 noone,the toinoe at 3fro?tb tottb plentie of fnotoe. 
 
 ataSQeG fttnne tljere cameaboo?DDscertaineLappians ina boate,to the number of Gre 4 
 teeneperfons.and amongG them there toere ttoo toenches, ano fomeof thtm cculd fpeaketbe 
 Ru fie tongue : 31 afkeo tbem tobere tljeir abiding toas, and tljep toloe mce tbat tbere toas a com' 
 panieo?beard of tbem.to the number of 1 oo,men,beGDes toomeu and cbild?en,bttt a litle fromUtf 
 tntbcriucrlckonga. 
 
 'QL.tyV toloe me that t\)t^ bad bene to feeke meate among tbe rotkes, faying, 2f toec get no 
 mcate,toeeeatenone. 3j latoetljemeaterocketoceoes as bungerlp,asacotoeocetbgratfetoben 
 G;ee isrjuugrtc* 31 fatoetrjem alfoeatefouleseggesratoe, and tye pong bitoesalfotbat toere 
 in t&e egges. 
 
 Iobfcrucd 
 
Stepban "Burrougb. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 Tobferued ccrtaine wordes of their language, which 
 
 / thought good to fct downefor their vfe, that here- 
 afcer fliall haue occasion to continue 
 * this voyage, 
 
 CO vvghtie coteat, tohat call J>0U Keatykye, a Cone, 
 
 this, Seliowpe, Oluer, 
 
 Poddy thecke, come hither, Solda,goloe, 
 Auanchythocke, get the hence. 
 
 2 ?3 
 
 Anna,fare\lieII, 
 Teyrue, gOOD lllOjrotoe. 
 Iomme Iemaufcs, 31 thanftC j>0U. 
 Pafleuellie,afticnlJ. 
 Olmuelke, a man. . 
 
 Captella, a tooman, 
 
 Alke, a fomte. 
 
 Nek, a Daughter, oj pong toench, 
 
 Oyuie, a heaD. 
 
 Cyelme,anepe» ' , 
 
 Nenna,anofe. 
 
 Nea!ma,amouth, 
 
 Pannea, teeth. 
 
 Neughtema, a tongue. 
 
 Seaman, a beam, 
 
 Pcallec, an eare. 
 
 Teappac, the nccke, 
 
 Voapt, tljchaire, 
 
 Keat,aljann, 
 
 Soarme, finger?, 
 
 Iowlkie, alegge. 
 
 Peelkie, tlje tljombe, oj great toe. 
 
 Sarke^tuollen Cloth, 
 Lein,linncn cloth. 
 Paytc^afljirt, 
 
 Tol.fire, . 
 Keatfe,tnater, 
 Murr, toDOB, 
 Vannace,aboate, 
 
 Ariea,anoare, 
 
 Nurr,aroape, 
 
 Peyue,aoap. 
 
 Hyr,anight, 
 
 Peyuf zea, the <g)tintie. 
 
 Manna, tlje^OOne. 
 
 Lafle,ttarres. 
 
 Gozam volka, toljither goe pott, 
 
 Otcapp.fiecpe, 
 
 Tallye, that. 
 
 Keicddc pieue, atteeftc. 
 
 Ifckie, a peere. 
 
 Kefle,&ominer; 
 
 Talue,sninter. 
 
 Iowkfam, coloe. 
 
 Parox,toarnie. 
 Abrye,ratne, 
 
 Youghang,pce» 
 
 Tennae, tinnne. 
 Veskue, copper, 
 Rowadt.pjon. 
 
 Neybx,aknife, 
 Axfhe, a hatchet, 
 
 Leabee, bjeaU, 
 Ieauegoac, meale. 
 Pencka,the iDtttDe, 
 Iowte, a platter. 
 
 Kemnie, a kettle, 
 Keefies, gloueg, 
 Sapege,u)oes, 
 Conde.alutlDeDeare, 
 Poatfa,tlje labouring Deare. 
 
 Their wordes of num- 
 
 her Are thefe as fol- 
 
 loweth. 
 
 GFce, 
 I 
 
 "Noumpte, 
 Colme, 
 Nellye, 
 Vitte, 
 Cowte, 
 Keydeem, 
 Xaft'cs, 
 Owghchte, 
 Locke, 
 
 Oftretuinbelocke, 
 Covvghtnumbelocke, 
 Colmenonbelocke, 
 Ncllynoaibclocke, 
 Vittie nombclocke, 
 Cowtenombelocke, 
 Keydemnombelocke, 
 Kafts nombelocke, 
 O wght nombelocke, 
 Coffceylocke, 
 Colmelocke, 
 Nelly locke, 
 Vitte locke, 
 Cowtelocke, 
 Keydemlockc, 
 Kaffitelocke, 
 Oughchetelokc, 
 Tewet, 
 
 I. ' 
 
 2, 
 
 3* 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 9- 
 Jo, 
 
 Ir « . 
 
 12. 
 
 I J. 
 
 M» 
 
 I J. 
 
 1 6, 
 
 17. 
 18. 
 
 ip, 
 
 ao, 
 
 3°. 
 40. 
 
 50. 
 60, 
 70. 
 80. 
 $>o, 
 100, 
 
 a j jFriBap t'n the mo?m'ng toe ocparteo from Sai nt Iohns 3Wanti ; to the SflitefttoarBsf thereof, 
 amile from tlje thoare,toe founoeo, ano ha» 3 6, faooms, am> oafie fano, 
 '- '■' 35 h 3 ^atlS 
 
3,pan* Crsos. 
 
 Jflaiitig. 
 
 <r»p«comrojt, 
 
 £>.petrr» 
 
 
 Cape &ototE 
 been. 
 
 <Tapt iSona- 
 urmurc. 
 
 Itcgoj, 
 
 B>om%aff. 
 IDacQDoiife. 28 
 
 ITO!)fct)toere 
 
 ptraiija, itie 
 25t>na confi* 
 Sentiaaua tlic 
 ^3t)iHp aub 
 flpauc.lPhcrt. 
 ottjjc ttuo fird 
 tone loll. 
 
 8«j,dmi&on. 
 
 ■Cte 13tifltp 
 
 «nD 39atit. 
 Che bona 
 -CnnfiDfiitia 
 cafiatoap. 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, Stephan 'Burroughs 
 
 Iuana Creos 15 from Cape gallant £3Jeftno?tbtoefl,ano balfe a point to tbe 3ao?tbtoarDs,«uj 
 bettoeenctbem is 7.1eagues.^be point oftbe 3lflano,tobit& is Gape comfort, Ipctfj from Iuana 
 Creos , j|3o?tbtoeft ano bp jrio?tlj, ano almofl tlje 3 ♦ part of a point to tlje a&etttoaros, ano be* 
 ttocenetbem ate 3 ♦league*. 
 
 ^fje <£ after mo& of S.Gcorges 3JlIanDS,0? rfje7. 3!flanDS,Ipetf) frotttluana Creos jaojtrj* 
 toefi,$ balfe a point to tlje i3o?tbtoaros,ano bettoetne tbem are i-flcagucs 9 a balfe,$;ijc wter« 
 mottoftrje 7,3DflanDp,? Cape comfort lice!) jao?tbtoeu\$bp Jf5o?t&,<i>outbealr,anobp sSioutb. 
 
 <Lino c r t be &0 titljcrmott 3! flano pott Oj all fine e poo roaoe fo? ali j3 1 the t Ip toinces from tlje 
 3iio?tbtosff to tbe Bo} tbeaff. jftom tbe 3>out&eaft patt of the 7.3]flanos , into tbe j|5o?ibtoefl 
 part of tbem,are 3 .leapes ano a Ijalfe. 
 
 jf rom tlje i3o?tljtoeft part of tbe aflanos afojefaio, onto S.P«ers 3iflanog, arc 1 : , leagues 
 j3o?tbtoett. 
 
 26 s.Fctcrs 3 llanos rife an irtDifferent Iota point,not teeming to be an aflano, ano an if it ban 
 atatfleoponit. 
 
 S.Pauls aflanos lie from S.Peters 3Jflanos 5ao?tbtoc ft ano to tlje Qnefftoaros^no bettoeene 
 tbem are <5.fcaguc0, (EHitljin tbefe atlanog tbere is a faire fanop bap, ano tbere map be fotmo a 
 gooo roaoe fo? jTio?tljerlp winces. 
 
 Cape Sower becre Ipetrj from S.Pauls atlanos jl2o?tbtoett anb bp (KBefi.mtti bettoeene trjem 
 arc y. leagues. 
 
 Cape comfoi t,tol)icb iS tbe 3!flano of Kildina.lietij from Cape Sower beere,tf.leapeB SQett 
 5fro?tbtocir,ano it is altogether a bap bettoeene tbem fcemingmanp 3!flanos in it. 
 
 jfrom Cape Bonaucnture,to Chcbe Nauoloche are 1 o.leagues jT2o?tljtoetf,ano a utle to tlje 
 ffinetttoarDS.Chebe Nauoloche is a faire point,tobcron Sanoetb acertaine blacke,ukean crop* 
 tiebutteffanoingaljcao. 
 
 jf rom chebe Nauoloch to Kegor, is 9. leagues ano a Ijalfe j3o jtTjteeff,f no balfe a popnt to 
 tlje (KJettttaros. Kegor rifetb as pou come from tbe Cafttoaros like 2.rouno bomocks flanofag 
 togetber, ano a faire faoole bettoeene tbem. 
 
 27 3tfluto;tb tobcrctoeroaotbisSmnoapto tlje Cafltoaros of Kegor, at a<i>otttbeaff and 
 bp CaS moone, a full ft a : toe roaoe in 1 5 . faoome toater toitbin balfe a mile of tbe ujoare : at a 
 53o?tbtot ft feunne tlje mill came ootone fo tbicke,tbat toe toece fame to come to an ancre toitbin 
 iefle ttjen a mile of tbe point tljat tumetb to Doms haff,toljere toe Ijao 3 3 . faoome, ano tlje foun* 
 oiiig like ta tlje ffeutfeofa fkaloe beao. 
 
 28 gptmoap at aftecnoonc, toee came into tlje &otmo of Wardhoufe, altbougfj ittoerebetp 
 miftie. Cljcn 3 fent a man a ujoare to fcnoto fomc nttocs,ano to fee toljccbcr tljep coulo bcarc anp 
 tljtng of our || ftjt'ps. 
 
 29 "SLuefoap 31 tocnt on ujoare, anb oineo toitb tlje <£aptaines oeputie, tobo maoe mee great 
 ctjecre : tbe eCaptaine bimtelfe toas not as pet come from Bergen .- tbtp loo&eo fo? bint euerp 
 boure, ano tbfp faio tbat Ije tooulo b?ing netoes toitb bim. 
 
 3t a jaojtbtoett anobp Ji5ojtbfunne toeoeparteo fromWardhoufe,totoaroColmogro. 
 
 30 CfLteunefoaptoe came to Kegor,tobere toe met toitb tbe toinoe at (£aftS;outbealI,u)tbat toe 
 toere faine to go in to a bap totbe SKefttoaros of tbe point Kegor, tobere a man mapmoare a.o? 
 3 .finall ftjlps, tbat ujall not o?ato pall 1 1 . 0? 1 2. fbete toater, fo? all toinoes, an «Eafl J9o?tbeatt 
 totnoe is tlje too?tt.3t is a leoge of rocfes.tbat oefenoctlj tbe 3l5o?tberIp toinos fro tbe place tobere 
 tljep moare, (TQben toe came into tbe bap toe fato tbereabarftetobicbtoasof fl Dronton,gttb?ee 
 0? foure Norway peagljes.bctonging to Northbcme: fo tobena came aujoarc,31 mctfirtttoiti 
 tlje ©utcljmcn, amongtt tobom toas tbe^o?roto-maft ers tonne of Dronton, tobo toloe me tbat 
 tlje Philip iano Maty tointcreo at Dronton, ano oeparteofrom tbence fo? England in S^arcbt 
 anotoitball beujetoeometbattbe Confidence toas Iott,ano tbat be baobougbtber failcsfo? bi* 
 fijtp. l^bentlje Dutcb-men carteo me to tbetc Toootbe, ano maoe mt gooo cbeere, toljere 31 
 fatoetbeLappians cbepen of tbe faio Dutcbmcn, botljfiluer platters ano Difhes,fpoones, gitt 
 rings, o?nsmtn:s fo?girolesof filuer 9 gilt, ano certainetbings maoe to bang about tbe nccke, 
 tottb ftitter cbainea belonging to tbem. 
 
 ■iE.be Dutcbmcn b?tng bitbet migrjtie Brongbeere, 31 amcertainetbatour SnglinjtouWe 
 becre toculo not be liaeo of tbe Kerils ano Lappians, as long as tbat toottlo la(f. 
 
 Ipere 31 fatoe tbeDutcIjmen alfo baue courfe clotb, botb bleto.greene ano rcote,ano f6Dbo?fe« 
 flcflj colour. 3no bitljer tljep b?ing alfo fflttars cafes ano fore cafe?, botb blacite ano reoce: one 
 Cngliuj fore cafes are but counterfeits bnto tbem. 
 
 'SLbep toculo not let me Onoerffano anp of tbeir p?ifes,but as3I otbertoifc ljr.ccrScoo tb'P bat' 
 tereo 2 .loao of Cluer fo? 1 00 of Cocfeftfi^ano j .ioaoe i» Poller, y no tbe Dutctnien tolo me,tbat 
 
 tbejf 
 
Stepban 'Burrough. TrafTiques,ancl Difcoueries. 
 
 295 
 
 
 tbep bao inaoc a notable gooo peere tljisp?efcnc pet re 1557, ^tjep toloe me tljac tljcp fljoulo be 
 faiiie to goe to Wardhoufe toitljone laoing,ano lap it on lano cljerr.aito fo conic apine ano fetcfj 
 anotber. Ebe TSojrotomatters fonne tolo me,tbat be tooulo go to Amrterdam toitb bis lacing of 
 ftockfiujjtobo gaue me a barrell of ft rong beere.ano b?cugbt it in aboojo our (hip foimfclfc. 
 
 after tljis 3i toeut among; tbc Ruffes cot Kerils , tobo ofFerro me fifij to fell, ano likctoife tlje 
 Lappians oetireome to looUeupon tbeir fruj, 31 maoc tfjem anftnere, tljat 3 baonotoc no toarest 
 bo? monepta barter toitb tbein,ano faio tljat J cameonlp to fee if 31 mtgbcmeetc tottlj our Eng- 
 liib ftjips. tttozn tfjep ocftceome tljat 2 tooulo come tbicber tbe nert peere : 31 faio to tljem,3if 31 n gamtfnii 
 ftjoulo come trjenert pcere , 31 tljinke bere tooulo not be M) pnougb to ferue tbc Dutcljmen ano J™"* of fi *'"3 
 tos alfo. Cljep anfmereo mr,tbat if mo je ftjips oio rcfo?t tljttber.tbcre tooulo mo?c people labour '* 0h 
 to kill ano make £HT> t anD furtljer tfjcp faio , tbatfomeoftbemcamethuljec'amTHng8.toechesf 
 iourncp toitb Deere,toljich Deere toill trauaile mo?e fpeeoilp tben bojfes toill. 
 
 9s 31 toag tints in calke toitb tlje Kerils ano Lappians, tbeSmperourof Rufiiabisocputie 
 (toljo toas tbere to gatber tbc tribute of tlje Lappians) fait fo? me to come to bis tent, tobo aftec 
 familiar falutations, mace me gooo cbeerc. i£>e oematinoeoof me, tobp none of our ftjips came 
 ibttber. 31 anfuiereo btm,becaufe toe kneto not tbe place before noto.ncitljer pet bearo of anp faire 
 tbattoasfcepttljcre. "iZLben faio be, 3Jf pott toill tome bitber, Ijere tooulo mo?e people refo?t to 
 kill fi(b, 31 tljinke it gooo ( faio Ije) tbat pou make a beginning, 3! toloe (urn, tljat bp tbe grace of 
 <&on ttje nert prcrc,one <JSnglifl) fijip ffjotilD come tbitfjrr, • 
 
 ■Becaufe 31fatoetlje ferunntsof tbc king of Denmarketfjerealfo gathering tlje tribute^ 
 afbeO VafilicPheodorouich tbtKuiTiefeputie, toljetljer tl)C Denmatks tooulo not bealet to i)S, 
 if toe ftjoulo come to tbis Kegor. 9no Ije faio, no, tbep fijoulo not : fo? tlj:g lano is mp kings,ano 
 ttjerefojc be boloe to come bitber. 
 
 %\)t Kerils ano tbe Lappians foloe no fiftj,Untill the faio oeputie Ijao lookeo topon it ,anD bao gt' 
 uen tfjem leaue to fell. 31 af bco bim tobat toares tocrc bctt fo? tos to b?ing tljit'oer, ano Ije faio, fl[- £ o™ 1 ™^ ™* 
 uer.pearles.clotb.bletoe.rcOjanogreenejmealejUTongbecrejtoincpetoterjforecafes^nogolo* 
 
 %fye Lappians pap tribute to tbc Cmperour of Ruifia.totljckingof Denmarkc, ano to tlje 
 king of Sweden. lj?e toloe me tbat tlje Kiuer Cola is little mo?c tben 2o,leagttes to die S>outIj* 
 toarosof Kegor,toljere toefijbulo baue great plemieof falmon,if co?netoereanp tptgebcape 
 inRu(Tia:fo?tbenpoo?emcntooulsrefo?ttbitbertokill falmon. 
 
 "E^e Dutcbmen toloe me tljat ttjep bao maoe a gooo peere of tbis.but tlje Kei ils complamco af 
 »t,becattfe tljep cotilo not fell all tbeir 8(b,ano tljat toljicb tbep folo toas as pleafeo tbe Dutcbmen, 
 ano at tljeir oton p jice. 3 af keo tbe Kerils at tobat p we tbepfolo tbeir Sftj to tlje Ru{fcs,$ tljtp faio 
 gooo cljeape : toee fell 24,66)2? fo? 4,altines, 31 tljinkt tb?p foloe little aboue io^ence,t^e 2 j» 
 fiftjes tbis peere. 
 
 •SLbe^wtcIjmen toloe me tbat tbe bed ffockftuj ismaoeatKegor.3lfatoeat Vafiliestent7» 
 t? 8.iauelins,ano halfe a oo?en of botocs l)ent,toitb tljeir buogets of arrotoes, $ likctoife ftoojoa 
 toitb otber toeapons : ©tberteifc 31 fatoe no toeapons tbere. 
 
 31 teas alfoconucpeo to tbeir loogtngs, tobicb gatbereo tribute fo?tbektngof Dcnmarkc, 
 tofoereSBfatoeapaireof bilbotoes: ano 31 afkeotobftbertbeptoerefo?cbc Lappians (if necoe 
 toere,) ano tbep faio no.but onelp fo? tljeir otonc companp if tbep ftjoulo cbance to be 5jnrulp. 
 
 Clje Kerils ano tbe Lappiansarenottobetruttco,fo? tljeptoillftealeastoellastbcRulTeSjif 
 tbep map conuementlp come bp anp tbing. 
 
 Concerning mpbopagcbecaufe tbe tomoetoasfcant to goebackeagaineto Colmogro, 31 
 tarrieo to tljeCatttoacos of tbepopnt Kegor, ano fent to lano,anobafeeottoo batcljesof b?eaoin 
 tbc ottens tljat tbc Kerils Ijaue fo? tbeir p?ouiGon, 
 
 Inftru&ions giuen to the Mafters and Mariners to be obferued in 
 
 dttdabout this Fleete , ptfsing thisyeere 1 / 7 7. toward the Bay ofS. T^icolas in 
 RulTia,for this prefene Race to be made Screturnc or the fame by Godsgracc to the port 
 of London,the place of their right difcharge, as in the Articles enfuingis deduced. 
 
 3irff, it is sccojoeo ano agre id bcttoeene tbefcuerall p?op?ietaries ano otoners, 
 niaders ano companies of tbe foure ujips/urnamcotbe'Pf imrofe, tbe Iohn E- 
 . uangelift.tbe AnneanD tbe Trinitie.ano tbeLieutcnant,ConfulB,atnftantsanD 
 companie of tlje g^arcbant aouenturers , tljat tbe aboue nameo foure fljips 
 mail in gooo o?oer ano connuct, faile, pafle, ano trauaile togetljer in one flotr, 
 gtng , ano conferueof focietie,to be kept inoitfoittblp ano not to be feuereo, but 
 tmtteo toitjjin continuall Cg(jt,fo farre foojtlj as (bp toinoe 9 toeatljet) bp poOlbilitie ftjall 0? map 
 
 be 
 
29 6 The Englifli Voyages, fnfiruBionsfor the fleeter 
 
 be mityout anp feparatiorio? departure of one from tbeotber, 
 
 2 3item,it is agreed ttjnt ctje good (btp nameo tbe "Pjimecofe,CjaItie 3dmirall oftljts flotejanti 
 that Antbonblenkinfontgentleman.ujalbe captaine thereof : and that all other tlje 3. fijipsujall 
 enfuc ano folou) her in all courfes.ano that no coutfe nor maping (in harborough tfucc(allp)fl)all 
 be nii.de luitbom a?m:cc, confent and agreement of tbefapdeEaptaine, the Smaller, bis mate, 
 ano tluo other officers of the fait) (bip,or of tljjfe of them at tbe leaff, 
 
 3 3ltem, that tlje fait) Anthonic is and fljalbe nguted ej taken for Captaine general of the fata 
 flote together untb a!i fuel] order? , preeminences, p?iuilcdges ano preferments as lip the order 
 of fcas is Due ano accuftomed to a Captaine duringbts abode ano erercife oftbe fame, 
 
 • ' 4 Jtisalfoordeincd.tbatif anponeo?mocof tbelaio ^.(bips (balbe put of fight either before 
 ■ prbebindcthe 3dmirall, that then the reflof the ftjips (ball tackepr take off tbetrfailestnfuch 
 fort 33 tbep map mectc ano come tpgether , in as goon order as map be,to tlje intent to keepe thje 
 confortmentcractlpinallpopnts, . 
 
 5 3it is con3ituted,that if anp (hips (balbe fcucrcd bp miff or darke meatljet , in fuel) fojt as 
 the one cannot baue fight oftlje otber,tben ano in fucb cafe tlje at miral (ball make found ano noife 
 bp drumme.ti umpet,borne,gunue 0? otheruufe 0? meanes,tljat tlje (hips map come as nigb toge« 
 ther,as bp fafctic ano good order tljep map, 
 
 6 3lt is alfo to be obfertteo.tljateuerpoaponcctbeotljertbjeefljippes (ball fendano cornea* 
 booroC'cadmirall.andtijercconfult ano determine of fttclj matter and tljings ag fljall bcfojtl)e 
 affurancc of tbeirai2auigat!on,anDmoaerpeoitionof the fame. 
 
 7 31tcm,tbat notes gentries be dailp made of their jfrauigatiotts put in tojtti'ng $ memorp,an& 
 that tbepong Mariners ano apprentices map be taught $ caufco to learne and obf erue the fame, 
 
 8 3lt!sacco?ccdthatthefaioCaptaincu;allhouethcp?tncipallrulcand gouerncmentof the 
 apprentices : 9no that not onelp tbep,btit alfa all other thefailerSjUjalhe attendant ano obedient 
 to bim,as of ductie and reafon appertained;, 
 
 9 Slfo tljat no becre no? b rotb,or other liquor be fpilt bpon the baM,or otljer place of tlje Qji'p,- 
 iuljerebp anp anopauce.ftinke^rotber bnfauo?incu~e (hall grotoe in the fbippe to the infection j 
 hurt of thenerfons in tlje fame. 
 
 10 3itein?that the Captaine bpdifcretion (hall from time to time oifiljip anp artificer o?Cnp> 
 lift) fertiingman or apprentice out oftlje Primtofe into anp oftlje otbertbrec{bips,ano in licuof 
 bim or tbein.tafee anp fuch apprentice as he (ball thinke comtenient ano moll mcete to ferue tlje 
 benefice of the compame, - ; 
 it 3tem,tbat great refpect be hao to tlje ©miners and Coofces roomeS,tbat all danger and pe* 
 rjUofpotoceranofiremapbeefchetoedanoauopoed, 
 
 12 Stem/ljat Angular careandrcfpcctbehadtotbcportsof tbefln'p, aftoeU in jiSam'gatiotf 
 as inbarborom,and efpeciallp in laoing anobnlaoiug of the (bippes, tljat nothing be lacking 0? 
 furcljarged: ano tljat the bookes map oftentimes be conferred andmadetaagueinefebucment; 
 of fucb lofles, as map enfue, • 
 
 1 j Special forefigljt is to be bad.that at tlje Wardhoufe no treachcric,inuafion,o? other peril 
 of maledation be oone or procured to be attempted to our (Ijips l>p anp kings,p?inccs, or cempa* 
 nics,that do mtStfce this nem found trade bp feas to Rufiia,or moulo let 9 binder tlje fame; tobere* 
 of no fmall boaffljacb bene made ttohicb giuctb occauon of mo?e circumfpection ano diligence, 
 14' 3lf the toinoe and toeathern)illferue 3 itts thought good rather to gee bp the Wardhoufe* 
 then to come in an&ancrc there, lefi anp male engine, or danger map be the ratljer attempted a-- 
 gainrt bs, pur goods and fljtps as aboue, 
 
 1 5 3!t is thought good tljat Richard Iohnfon,late fcruanttp 9©,CbanceIer,!l)all be fent home 
 in tbisnert retttme.to infiruct tlje companp of the date of tlje <£ountrep,and of fucb qucfiions as 
 njap be demanded of ijini,for our better aottertifements and refolutions, in fuch doubts as ibalt 
 arife here : and tljat he (I;a!l hauc the roomc of the Captaine in fuclj Gj$ 3 as Staffer Ienkinibn ii 
 in tfj:s prefent rocket affigneo bnto. 9no if Iohnfon cannot, msp not, no? mill not returne ano 
 aicu\)it tlje fato place.tljen anp otljerperfon to be preferred tbercttnto,as lip the oifcretionof our 
 faio Captatnr.uiitlj confent of our 9gentS,Q)all be thought mcete ano apt to fupplp tlje fame, 
 
 1 6 l3?ouioen aluiap.that the (hips returning be not ciffutniujeo of one fuch able man,as ujajl 
 cccttpic the Captainujip 'in like o?ocr, as is, and hath bene in fuch cafe appopntco, as reafon ani> 
 good order requircth, 
 
 17 31tcm that allotljcr former orders, rules,anddcuifes,maoe and prtuidedfor the good 6}Ut 
 of our ibips, marcs, ano goods, beinig not repugnant, ccntrarp or diucrfe, to tljeft articles, ann 
 the contents of tlje lame,fljall be, and (fand in full fo?ce and effect, to be in all refpectsobfenteo 
 awokeptof allandetterpjjerujn ano pet&ns, tohom tlje fame dot'ljn? u)alltc«cb pjconcetne, : 
 
Let. of tbe Mofc. company, TrafFiques,and Difcoueries. 297 
 
 ^uritneffeoftbepjeimlfotmthfuil? to b: obfecueo aiiD kept.tije otoners and S^attcrp ofttic 
 fain foure tbips, together toitb tbe fata Captaine, to cfjcCc feuenteene articles, contained in ttoo 
 fi)jetcs of paper,baue fubferibco tbcic hands, ©iuen in lottoon, the tljtco of Spap,in the peere of 
 our iojo ©0015*7, 
 
 «[ O wners of the Primcrofe. 
 Andrewe Iudde. 
 William Chefter. 
 Anthony Hickman. 
 Edward Caftclinc. 
 <J Owners of thelohn Euangeliftj 
 Andrew Iudde* 
 William Chelter. 
 ^ Owner of the Anne. 
 
 Iohn Dimocke. 
 ^ Owner of the Trinitie. 
 R.T. 
 
 A letter of the Company of the Marchants aduenturers to 
 
 Rufsiavnto George Ki///ngworth, Richard Gray , and Henry Lane 
 
 their Agents there, to be deliuered in Colmogro or 
 
 els where : fent in the Iohn Euangelift. 
 
 jfter our heartie commendations lmto pott ana to either of pott: pourg&terall *??7< 
 letter and other particular letters tottb. ttoo bookes of tlje rale and remainders of 
 ourgooo&andthebuptngof toare there toitbpou, toe rcceiueo about the enoe 
 of jfrouembcrotttof tlje Edward, toith beauienetoes of thelofleof tbe fapoe 
 _ good Qjippeand goods at Peiflego in Scotland, ttitb tlje death of Richard Chan* 
 celer attd big 15op, tottb certaine of the (Embatlaoottrs ferttants, ano be Ijimfclfe toitb nine of his 
 ferttants efcapeo berp barolp onelp bp tbe potocr of ©od : but all his gooes ano curs tit manec 
 toetelotf and pilfered atoapbp the Scots,amnbat that t3faued is notpet cometo our bands, buc 
 toe looke fo? it dailp, and it toill fkant pap the charges fo? tlje reccuering of it, j3o remctp but 
 patience : ano to p?ap to ©on to fend bs better fortune hereafter, 9s touching tlje rccetuing anti 
 entertaining of tlje dEmbaffadour and bfs rctinetoe fince ijts romming to England at the king 
 ano Sltteenes Spaiefties bands.toitjj tbe CotmCell ? lojos of thisEealme,ano tlje Sparchants 
 that be free in Ruflu tottb feafltng ano benettolcnce giuen Ijim , toee referre it to his report ano 
 others, Celiac toe thinkebaue not bene feme no? fljetoeo Ijere of a long time to anpambaua= 
 dour. %%e Philip and Marie arriueo here tennc dapes pall : ujeetointcred in Norway. %tyt 
 Confidence is lo3 there. Sttd asfo? the Bona Efperanza, as pet toehaue no netoes of her, W.Z 
 feate it is tojongtoitlj her. 15 p poucbilles of lading rcceiueo in pour generall letters toe per* 
 teiuetohat toares are laden in them both. Pour letters hauc no date no? mention inhere they 
 toeremaoe, tobichtoerctojittmbp Henry Lane, and finned bppou George Killing worth ano 
 RichardGray : both it and tlje other letters and Uookes ramefofo?c fpcplco and bjoken toith. 
 toater tljat toe cannot make our reckoning bp them, S>ott (ball bnoerflano toe Ijaue frai jbtea fo? 
 tlje parts of Ruffia foure good fijippes to be laden there bp pott $ pour ojoer : 'S.hat is to fop, 'Che. 
 Primerofe of tlje burthen of 240, CttittttS, fatter bnoertSoo Iohn Buckland : ^he Iohn E- 
 uangeliit of 1 7o,^L.ttnties,SpaiJer bndf r (Sod Laurence Roundal : Ebe Anne of London of the 
 
 burthen of 1 do.tunnes, gaffer linder ©od Dauid Philly,and tlje Trinitie of London of the but* 
 tljenof ^o.'SLunnrs, Smaller Under ©od IohnRobins, as bp their Charter parties ntapap* 
 peare : tohicb pott map require to fee fo? ditters caufes»|?att (hall resettle, ©on totlling, out of tlje 
 fatd good fijips,©od fending them in fafctp fe j tbe ufe of tlje Companp,thefe Rfnss of toares fol* 
 Iotoing,aHmarkedtoiththc general marke of the Companp asfollotoetfj. 3y.fatoe!s containing 
 207.fbrtiuo(: clothes.one fineUtoletttt grninCjano one fkaclet.aiio 40, cottons for bnappers, \ic- vsareetm 
 ginning toitb nutuber 1 .ana ending tottb number 5 2 ;Zi)t foxing clctijes map colt tfce Reft penp *™§ JJj|* 
 y,lt.9.s.theclotlj,onctoitb the other. 'Eljc fine Diolet iS.Ii.e.s.d.ti.Cbcffeartet i7.li.i ?,s.6.d, i<uia. 
 the cottons at 9,li, 1 o.s.tlje packe.accampcing 7>cottons foj apacke.mojc 5oo.piecfs of Hamp- 
 fr>irckerfieB,tljatiS4co.toatcIjets,45.blrtoes,5:3.rids,i5.grecnes,5.gingcrcolours ) and2.pc !! 
 lotoes toljiclj cofl tlje ftta penup 4.U. <5.s,tljc pieces ? .packes containing 2 1 .cottons at o ,lt , 1 0.3, 
 tlje packe t and part of tlje clot&es is mcafurro bp SrOjitics. £^o?e p.barrdsofpetotcrof 
 Thomas Hafels making, (tc, 9lfo tlje toares bee packed and laden as is r.&?cfapde , as tp «flreMri&to» 
 an 3jnttopce in euerp grippe moje plainrtp map appcare, £§o tljat tohen it fijall pleafe m«K" 
 
 ©od 
 
ttera lent into 
 
 298 The Englifli Voyages, Let. of theMofc. company. 
 
 <Sob toCcnotljE faio gooo (hips to pou in fafctie, pou arc to re cetue cur faio poos, ano to procure 
 tbe falcs to our moll aouantagc ettljer fo?reaDpmonep, time 0? batter: baiting confioeraticn 
 that pou Doe make gooo Debts , ano giue fuel) time , if pou gittc anp , as pou map emplop arm 
 teturuc the fame againfl the ncrt bopage ; ano alfo fojcCeetng that pou barter to ap?ofit,anD fo? 
 fuel) toarcs as be here moftbenoible, as toere, tallotoc, traine oplc, tjempe ano flare, ©f furres 
 toe oeltre no great plcntir.bccnufe tbep beocaotoares. and as to? jfelts,toetoillinnotoifepou 
 feno anp. £no tobereas pou baue p?ouidcd tarrc.ano as as toe fttppofe,fome bempe rcaop bought, 
 our aomfe is, tljatmnotoifepott feno anp of them hither bnto?ought, becatife our fraighc 
 is 4,It,a timr.e 0? little Iclfe ; "toijtcij is fo oeare, as it toculo not beare the charges : ano therefore 
 toe haue fentpouy. ropemakers,as bp the copies of their couenantsljcre mclofco (ball appeare. 
 GHhom toe toil pau futotoojke toith alerpeottion in making of cables gropes of alfo?ts,from 
 tlje fmalleft rope to rtuncbes : 3nt) tbat fitch tarre ano bempe as is elreacp b?ougbt to the toatet 
 fioe.tljep map tlje re make it out,ano aftt r that pou fettle their too? fee in VoJoghda 0? Colmogro 
 as pou (hall thinfee gooo , tobcre their flttffe map be necreff to them : at tobicb place ano places 
 pou Doe afftgne them a pjincipall outrfeer aftoell to fee the teliucrie of the ftuffe bnto?ougbt,asf 
 alfo to take charge of tlje ftitffeto?ougbtj$ to fo?efee that neither the parne be burnt in tarring, 
 no? the bempe rotteoin tlje toatering; ano alfo to furnifb tbcm fo toith labourers,too?kemen ana 
 fluffe,as hereafter toben thefe too?kmcn (ball come atoap,toe be not ocflitute of gooo too?kmen, 
 ano that tljefe map Difpatch as much as pofftblp tbep map,Doing it fubBanciallpifo? toe efleeme it 
 a principal commoDitiejano that tljcCounfel of England Dothtoellalletoe. let all Diligence be 
 btcD,that at tlje rcturne of tljefe Ujippes toe map fee famples of all ropes ff cables if it be poflible, 
 ano fo after to continue in too?kc, tljat ire map haue gooo fto?c againft tlje nert peere. Chere* 
 fo?c tljep haue neece to haue a place to toojfee in, in tlje tointcr : ano atanp banD let them haue 
 bclpe pnouglj to fpinne thctc ttuffc : fo? feeing pou haue great plentie of bempe there, ano at a 
 reafonable p?icc,toe truQtoeujalbe able to b?tng as gooo Quffe from thence, anb better cbeape 
 then out of Danskc : if tt be Diligent!? bf£D,ano haue a gooo otterfeer. 
 
 let the cljicfctt laoing of thefe foure ujippes be p?incipallp in lucre, flare, tallotoe ano traine 
 oplc,9no if there be anp mo?e toarcs then thefe iljrps be able to tafee in, then leaue that tobicb is 
 Icaftinbaleto anD gcoflefr inftouagc butili the ncrt (hipping : fo? toee Doe pttrpofe to grouno 
 our fclucs djieflp bpon tljefe commonities,as toere, cables ano ropcs,traine ople,flare ano fome 
 linen parne, 9s fo? Spalls, ^arre.^empe, jfeatljers, 0? anp fuclj other like, tljep tooulD not 
 beare the charges to baue anp, conflocring our Deere fraigfjt. Sllebauefent pott a Skinner to 
 be there at our charges fo? meate, D?infee anolooging, to bietoe ano fee fuclj furres as pou 
 ujaUchcapeo?bupe, notminoingneueribclcu"e, cbatpoufljall charge ponr fellies toith tnanp, 
 erccpetbofe tobicb bee moft beneible, as gooomarterns, miniuers, othtrtoife calico JLettis, 
 ano 3l5pnkcs.©f thefe pou map feno bs plentie, fuming tljcm gooflano at a reafonable pjice, 
 9s fo? si>ablcs ano other rich furres, thep bee not cucrp mans monep : therefo?e pou ma? 
 fcnD the fetoer,bung partlp the oifcrction of tlje f kinner in tljat behaife. 
 
 COce Ijeare that there is great plentie of fteelc in Ruflia ano Tartaric, tohcreof toee 
 tooulo pou fent os part fo? an erample, ano to to?ite pcur minor s in it tohat ffo?e is to be has: 
 fo? toe beare fap there is great plentie , ano tljat the Tartars fteelc is better then that in Ruflia. 
 9no Itfeeojife toe bemfo?mco thatt'oere is great plentie of Copper in the <£mperours Domi* 
 nions : toe toaulo be ccrtifiea of it tohat plentie there is , ano tolje ther it be in places 0? in rounB 
 flat cakes, ano feno bs fome fo? an erample, 9lfo toe tooulo haue pou to certifie bs tohat feinoe 
 of toollen cloth the men of RicanD Reuel, ano the poles ano tettoesooeb?iugto Ruflia, ano 
 feno the fkantlings of tljem toith part of the lifts, ano a full aottife of the lengths ano b?eaoths, 
 colours ano p?xcs, anD tobether thep be ftraineo 0? not : ano tohat number of them map be btte* 
 rcoin apeere,totljcintent tocmapmafee p?ouiCon fo? them fo? the like fo?tes, ano all other 
 jnemifljtoarcpi tobicb tbep b?'tng thither ano be moftbenoible there. 3no to certifie bs toljettjet 
 our fee clatfjes bebenoible there 0? not : ano tobether thep be rotoeo ano ujo?ne : becaufe oft 4 
 times tbep goe bno?eft. ££5o?eouer,toetoill pou fenobs of eucrpcommooitie in tljat Countrep 
 part, but no great qtuntitic other tljcn fitch as is befoje Declarco, 9no likctoife euerp kinoe of 
 lctijcr s toljercof toee bee tnfo?mco there is great tto?e bought peerelp bp tljeEfterlings ano 
 
 Duches fo? Ijie Almaigne anD Germanic 
 
 £^o?e,that pou ooefeno bs fo? p?oofea quantitp of fuch eartlj,beatbes,o?torjat thing foeuerie 
 bctljatthc Ruffes 00 Die ano colour anp feinoeof clotlj linra o?tooIIen,Letljcro? anp other thing 
 tottl:ali : ano alfo part nf that tobicb the Tartars ano Turkes ooe b?ing tfjtttjer,ano boto it mud be 
 bfeD in oping ano colouring. 2$o?eouer, that pouljauealpeciallfo?eflghtinthecbufingof pout 
 ^aliotocano that it map be toell purtfieo ano trieo,o? els it toill in one peere putrifie 9 confume, 
 
 9lfo 
 
 <Cablcs anb 
 Kopta a piin< 
 cip.ni comma' 
 Sine. 
 
 E>an Cftc the ols 
 clncfcpMccfO! 
 <£ablce. 
 
 <Joinm(inftiE8 
 not bearing 
 tbcciiargeo of 
 longfraia!)t. 
 
 jfurtsffmorl 
 
 ViciiDiblc. 
 
 Stcclt. 
 
 Copper, 
 
 B9oIlcii dott) 
 of 15.1c auo 
 JSeucl.ofpo- 
 1,1110 aiis Ln> 
 totur. 
 
 UUimanlctJjer, 
 
 CrjingsgooS' 
 to bietoitgall. 
 
Let.of the Mofc. company. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 299 
 
 9lfotbatpou cettifiebsthe truetb of tlje toatgbts ano meafung, aim boae tbep Doe anftoere 
 toitb ours, anD to fenDbs j,roblesmmoncp,tI)3ttoemaptrietheiuttDaIiteof them. 
 
 9lfo toe toe GetiD pou in tljefe flbipe ten pong men that be bounb lajcntifcs to the Companie, StiiiioaT 
 tohom toe toill pou to appoint etierp of them ag pou (ball there finBe molt apt auo nieetcfometo a* 
 fccepe accompts.fGinc to bup anD fell bp pourojoer ano Commtirion,snD feme to fcnoabjoaD into 
 the notable Ctties ottbc CountrcpftjbnDcrttanDinganDknotolCDgc. 9nDtoetoiUpoufcnDbiS 
 aouertifement from time to time aftoell of thetieitieanours of our ^entifes tobich toe Doe feno 
 noto, as alfo ot" fuel) ottjer as bee alrcaop tbere toitb pou, SftD if pou finoc anp of them remtfTe, 
 negligent, oj bthertoife mifulc tbcmfclues ano toill not be ritleD , tljat tljen pou Doe feiiDlum 
 fame, ano the cau£e tobp. 
 
 . 9kb bccautetoeDoepercC!uetbeCountreptobclarge,anDt(jatpou^i«t^eeI)Ouu)olD)S 3 toe 12$*** 
 Docappopnt Henry Laac tobeoneof our 9gcnts, ano to iopne toitb pou in all pour Doings,anD i<m 
 lohauelikeautbojitie anD potocras pou George Killlngworth anD Richard Gray haue j net 
 Doubtingbut pou tbjee toill fo couferre together, as bocb our Tpjcntifcs ano others map be ap= 
 popnteo anD DfuiocD ctterp ef tl;em to bis office, ano to tljat be can beft Hull of i anD pou alfo fo 
 Diuioe pour felucs euerp of pcu to an boufe, as bp aouertifement one from anottjcr.ourbuCneffe 
 ano trafficke map take gooD fuccefle* 9nDfojbtuet3confiDerations,to auopoemanp troubles 
 anD buiincfle tljat migbt happen , toee Ijaue appopntcO tljat Ijee tobtcn (ball abite at Colmogrd 
 (tobicb toe doc thinke to bee moff mcetrtt Henry Lane) (ball haue toitb bint tljcre fudj of ottc 
 pong toen.as can bell f kill in keeping of accompts after tlje maner of Sparcbants, that is, bp Dc* 
 Wo j anD Crecitoi : 9nD tljat there (ball be tlje place,tobere our book'cs (balbe kept : becnufe it 
 is nearer trjefea GDc,tobere our goons ffjalbc DifrhargeD anD our (IjipslaDen* 9ttD tlje CatO Henry 
 Lane to be cljargeo toitlj all fuclj gooDS as toe (ball Difcbatgc there out of our ujtp8,acco?Ding to 
 our Tinuopces.^Qhich gooos arc to be fent from Colmogro to Vologhda o j to Mofco,oj to anp 
 iotber place tobere pou th?cc 0} ttoo of pou do apppopnt tlje to be folB,fo tljat Henry Lane be one, 
 3nDfo frotimeto timeimmeDiatlpas anp thing is folD,Dac pcu certifie the fame to Hemy Lane, 
 that hemap enter it into the TUookse as appertained; : otljertoife he hjoulo be too farre beljtnDc in 
 Tjia TSookes at the comming of our ujipsjaihcn he ftjculD feno bs tlje accompt of tlje tobolc peere 
 
 patTeD, 9nD toe toill alfo tljat pou George Killingwonh anD Richard Gray Docintlje fine of 
 
 9pjiInertfenD either of pou unto Henry Lane a tobole,perfit,f tuft accompt firmcD toitb pour 
 otonebanDS of all the gooDspou haue fblDe anD bought bntill that time, ar.D tohat temainet(j 
 imfotoe : anD alfo the accompt of all maner coHS of toares, ano charges of pou ano the pong 
 men biiDer pou particuLulp in fucb foit as the fain accompt map bee toitlj him in Colmogro 
 at tlje fine of Spap at the ftutljefl : to the intent that hee map make all our accemptg perfite 
 again!! the comming of our (hips : ano in anptoife to kecue accatnpt of euerp bopage bp it 
 felfe.ano not mingle one bopage toitb another at no haw, 9nb as toe toill haue pou to keepe ac* 
 compt of tucrp bopage bp it felfe, eucn fo tore tooulo haue all tlje toljoU codes anD charges of 
 euerp peere put into the bopage of that peere* 3s the charges of all tbelatt peere mutt be put 
 to the accompt of the tbitD bopage: anD the charges of this peere p^cfent , mutt in the fine @t 
 9p?il ncrt, be put to the fourth bopage, .^ctDcttbtingbut pourtoifeDome is fucb, tljat pou ^tjttamti 
 toill not take it in euill part, tljat toee Doe appopnc Henry Lane to take the accompt of the reff ♦ *»!?**■ 
 jfojtoeDoe it fo? none otljercaufe , but to keepeageoooiDerin our bookes, tljat bis bookcis 
 ano outs map bp this meanes agree : ano bee being the pongcr mart,map bett take paineg : ami 
 that pou Doe keipe accompt of e uerpfeinoe of toates bp it felfe , to the intent toee map percciue 
 inherent is our moft gaine, 9nD alfo in the making of pour rctunte, in anp. toife name in pour 
 billes of laDing, JettcrSj ano accompts.tohat toares Doe appcrtaine to the firtt, feconb, anD trjtts 
 bopage:. anD that toee map knotoe the fame bp the numbers oj otljertoife aspouftjaUtbinke 
 gooD bv pour toiteoomes , putting the charges of tlje faioe toares bnto them , as nigh as pou 
 can, 9no all fucrj monep as fijall bee maoe of pour gooDs in anp place, toee referre that 
 to pour Difcretion , tohere it (hall remaine bntill it bee emplopeD, either at Vologhda, Mofco, 
 0} els tohere, 9no liketoife toee-toiil that Henry Lane doc make in a reaDinclTe about the 
 beginning of3!une euerp peere our toljble accompt of tlje bopage (n tljat peere palfeD unfucrj 
 fbjt that toee map vecem tlje fame bp our ft) ppes : ano that toee map plainelp pcrceiuetohat 
 falcs are mane, ano toljat rematnetb of tlje firtt, licono, thico , anD fourth bopa jc , anD toljat 
 charges haue bene iapoe outfc? tbefapc bopages, anD tohat toares bee bought, anglaoen, anB 
 toljat thep cott , ano fo? toljat bopage euerp parccll thereof is : anD to feno bs a copte of tlje 
 fame accompt in euerp lb ppe, 9no alfo fo^afmuch as at tljts time toe haue fent pou but fmall 
 tto^e of toares in comparifon of tljat toe haue hope totll bee bttereo m fijojt fpace,anb pet neuer* 
 tljclcITemucIjmoKtljenpoutowtcfo^tolicrcbp tljercBjall notbefufftcicnt to make anp ampl? 
 
 returns 
 
■Clicoloe traf- 
 fic of Kiiffia 
 roKte.Kcuel 
 ano Solano 
 turncD to 
 &aiur Shi' 
 taoias. 
 
 300 The Englifli Voyages, Let. of tbe Mofc. company, 
 
 returne : ano bnoerttanoing that there is great quantity of goons ttapco fo? our trace there bp 
 tbeCmperour, tocebaue mooueo the CmbatfaDo? that pou maphauetreuitefo? fitch quantitie 
 aStMUwtiegooDtopoutop?outoefo?ourbcne6te. GLIhicb creDiteifpoumap upbtemeanes 
 obtaine.o? otbertoifc batte ,toe tooulo poubougbt asmucb 223erepjmctpallp as pou map get, ^o? 
 if there be in that cotmtrep fo great quantities* toe be infojmeo there is,it toifl be thebeficom= 
 mooitie toemap baue: fo? baiting that tobollp in our banDS,toe map fertte our ototte councrep ano 
 others, ^bercfoje feeing the Cmperour Doth mince, that fuclj commoDities ais bee in bis oomi-- 
 nions ttjall not pafle to Rie anoRetielaiiD Poland as tbepbaue Done, btitheereferueDfo?t>s? 
 therefo?e toe mutt fo lap fo? it, tbatit map not Ip bpon tbeir baitDS that haue it to fell , altoapeis 
 bauingconfiDerationinthep?iceanDtimeag our nert Difpatcb map co?refpono. thereof pott 
 map feno a certaine aDuife,as toell tobat pou Cball recciue of creDit,anoto tobat quantifiers alfo 
 toljat toares are remaining m pour hanos : tobtch togctber toell confioereD, pou map aouertife us 
 as toell fo? ^oto manp ijunD?ctlj tonnes toe mutt p?ouiue fraigbt againtt the nert pcere, as alto 
 toljat {b?tes, quantities ano qualities of toares toe ttjall feno pou, as toelltopappotircrcDite,a!S 
 alfo to fucniff) tije nert atmenture after, SDf this toe tooulo be anftoereDlargeip.tfo? >toe truttbp 
 this time pou are able to giue full inttructions of tbe flate of the countrtp : acco?Dingto tbe «= 
 tides of pour firtt CommitTtons.anD tobat commoDities Doe p?incipallp abouno there toith their 
 p jices : ano liketoife tobat of our comooittes ijaue mod btterance there,anb tobat p?icrs toill be 
 giuen fo? them tljere : anD all ottjer things re quifit e ano neceffarp to be knotorn. 
 
 9llo toe ooe bnoerttanDtbat in the Countrep of Permiao? about tbe riucr of Pechora is great 
 quantitie of jDetoe,anD liketoife in the Countrep of Vgory, tohich toe be Delirous to h«ue knoto= 
 leoge of, becaufe it is a fpeciall commoDitiefo?our IRealme. Cberefo?etoeeljauefentpoua 
 pong man,tobofe name is Leonard Brian, that batb fome knotoleoge in tije toooo, to fijeto pou in 
 tobat fo?te it mutt be cut anD clouen, feo our minoe is if there be anp tto?e,anD that it bee founo 
 to be gooD, that there pou Doe p?ouioe a gooo quantitie againtt tije nert pecre fo? the romming of 
 our fljippes : anD if there can bee founo none that toill ferue fo? our purpofe,thcn pou map fet tbe 
 fapo Leonard Brian to anp other bufineffe that pou (ball fiitDe mott fittrtt fo? Ijim, mini! the re* 
 tunie of our ttjips th£ nert peere. Jfo? be is hireo hf tije pecre onelp fo? that purpofe . iKLte Doubt 
 not but that bee ttjall Doe pou gooDferuice there. Jfo? bee bath gooo knotoleoge of toares of that 
 Countrep! fo?htsb?ingmgv>p hath bene mott in Danske, anDhatbgooDtonDerttanDinginma= 
 king of Hopes ano Cables. 9lfo toeooe feno pou ttoo Coopers to rtmainethere toith pou at our 
 finDinoj fo? mcate ano o?inke ano loDging to make in a reaDinelfe all fticb cafke as ttjalbe nccDfull 
 fo? tcaine ople, tallotoe, o? anp thing elfe. 2Dne of them map goe to:th Leonard Brian to cut antt 
 cleue fucb Petoe as he (ball like there. 3no becaufe toe be not fure tobat timber the? (ball finoe 
 tljcre to make Cafke.toe haue laDen in tbefe ftjips 140. tumtes emptie Caf ke,tbat is ^.tunnes 
 ttjaken Cafke anD 46,tunnes tobole,ano ten tboufano hoopes,? 48o.to?ethcs of ttoigsttbep map 
 be Doing toith that till tbep can p?outDe other timber, tohich toe tooulo be glaD to bcare of. Chtp 
 haue an erarrrple toith them of tbebigneffeof the Cafke tbep ttjall make. jfttucrthelcfle,allfuc{> 
 ■Buttcs ano IpoggelbeaDS as map be founo to ferue toe toill fljalbc filUb toith Zrm\c ©pie. 
 
 aifo toe charge pou that pou fuffernogooDsno?marchanDies of anp perfuns being not free 
 of the Companp,anD of tije accompt of the Companp to be laoen m anp toife in our Chips either 
 noto 0? at anp time hereafter : ercept the Cmperour 0? CmbatfaDour minoe to feno anp thing to 
 the King anosOueenes ^aietties,o? to anp noble man,o? to the Merchants of tije Compauie: 
 3$a?liketoifc that pou fuffer anp goobs that goe in theCe ftjips to be b?ougbt on Iano tbere.ercepe 
 the SmbalfeDours gooDS,anD the p.m futons 9 Apothecaries, ano others that bee hath toith him, 
 tobo carie no S^arcljanoife. 3no becaufeour ftjips be fretgljteD bj) the great.it ffjalbeberp neeoe« 
 full that pou do appopnt certaine to fee the romaging of the ttjips,ano to giue tije matter ? 'Boat' 
 ftoaine.o? him that toill take upon him to tomage, a gooD rctoaro fo? his labour to fee the gooes 
 toell romageo. 31f it be iit.D. ? iiii.n. the tunne, it ttjall not be amilte.jf 0? if it be not fubttantiallp 
 toell lookeo bnto, it map bee a great oealc of monep out of our toapts. 
 
 9lfo becaufe toe reckon that from the Mofco toill bee altoapes better conuepance of letters to 
 bs bp lanD : our minoe is that from time to time as ccalton ttjall ferue,our Slgcnts ttjall to?ite to 
 him that ttjall lie atMofcoof all things tbatftjallpatte, that bee map giue bs large inttructtens, 
 aftoell toljat i» foloe ano bought, as alfo tobat lacing toe ttjall take, ano tobat quantitie anD kinoe 
 of gooDStoettjallfenD.jfo?hitbertotoehauehaDbutaflenDeraDuifJe, mo?e likea bill to feruea 
 Chapman, then fb? quantitie of toares to ferue a kingDome. JFo? toe mutt p?ocure to Utter gooo 
 quantitie of toares,etpeciallp the commoDtties of our l&ealme, although toe affoo?D a gooD ptnp= 
 too?th, to the intent to make other that batte trabeD tljitrjer,toearte, ano fo to b?ing our femes ano 
 ourcommoDitics incttimation, ano itketoife to p?ocure tohauetbe cljiefe commoDittesof that 
 
 Countrep 
 
 «ftf articles 
 of [|)iir fir (l 
 <So in 1 11 1 Hi art 
 giue»i55j. 
 
 ltortarb23|ian 
 
 ftiittofcarc!) 
 out Peine m 
 ttje #o!t!> 
 parts of 
 
 fiuffia. 
 
 a.tfoopera 
 ftnt into 
 Suffta- 
 
 
Let. of the. M^fc.Qompmie. TrafKques,6c -. Difcoueries. 
 
 l°i 
 
 tountrep in out bano£, as toare ano fuel; others, tljiit otljer nations map br e terueo bp bs alio at 
 outljanps, jFo? tore Doe buon-flano that the greatett quantitieof toaretijat commetb to Danske, 
 Lubcck J aiinHamb,ojjrgh ) ccmnutl]outofRiii1ia,ttljfrefo}ciftofci'jC'Ulobu{)ya« ) anotljepal' 
 lb Imp, it tooulo raifc t!jc u;ice t!jere, ano tooulo bee litlettoojclj here . 2ms all fucblctters of im- 
 portance ano fecrccic asj>au oce feno hp lano fo? anp toarcs ojotljcttnifCj pcu mutt to?ite tljcm in ^"J mflr [ ^ i: SfB 
 Cppbcrs.afccr tlje o?ocr of a booke fent pcu in tlje lljtppcs : altoapc? taking gooo [jccdc in pla= iIKjukh in 
 ctngofpourlettersanDrppberSjtbattoeemapbnDcrCanDtbcmbptljcfamc bcokeljrerc , ano to tracts, 
 feno tbcmtn fuel) fo?t, that toe map baue tbcm here bp Cljjitfmas o j Canolcmas, jf it be poffible, 
 dnobecaufe pott caunst fo certainly aoucrtife tog bp letters of pour ooings.buc fome Doubt map a* 
 rife, toljercof toe tooulo mott glaolp be cettifico j ourmino is tljcrefojc tljat toitb tljefc ftjips pou 
 feno bs home one fuel) pong man as is mot! erpcrt in knotoleogc oftljat countrep ; ano can bett cer= 
 tific Dg in fticij quettiouSaGmapbeoemcmoco.tobometoetoillrcmitbntopou againeintbc n«t 
 ftjips.&Hc tljtnke Arthur Edwards totlbcfittett fo? that purpofe : rxuertfjcleffc bfe pour oifcrctt* 
 on in that matter, 
 
 astoucijiiigaurgooostbattocrerobbcoanopilfereDcutof ourfljips at Colmogro ano Vo- 
 logda toe crutch? cljts time tbep are re[fo?co againe, ano tbe malefactors fo puniujeo that otljer 
 ^mai>ta'kce);amplefojDoingtl)eUke J otbern3ifeitujiIIbcanetitllp?EriOtnt. gpo?couer,toee ooe 
 : ptrccitic tlj3t Richard Gray ooetb bup mattes to feno into England, tbep Ml not quit tbc coffee, 
 KCfpttoeljaDan)tpofpttr[mfefo?trjem.anolikettifctbatSteuen Burrow iareturneofrombis sroeuopagof 
 Difcotterie totrlj tlje £>crci;tb?ift,ano totntcretb at Colmogro, anbis mtnoeo tc fet fa?tf) in t!;e bc= * JJ^SgSi, 
 "gtnningof 3iunenerttofccbetberiuerofOb.aBepjap(SootofpeeDetjimU!en,anotri:fltoljaue ru of tut rmes 
 IjimbereinEnglandtbtspeeretobn'ngbs'goooneujes. • ofob ' 
 
 zht Ooe pcrceiuc tijerc is a rtuer founoabout tlje mouth, of S.Nicholas Bap that Ijstlj thirteen 
 •fbotbpon tbebarre at a lolue mater, ano teas neere Colmogro as S.Nicholas :tobicblaiill bee a 
 great pleafure Unto bs.Sfte mill tljat S teuen Burrowc ooe p?oceco on bis boiage to oifrouer.21* 
 fo me ijaue fent pottone Anrhonie Ienklnfon (Sentlcman, aman tocll trauclleo ,tobomtoc mino sp.Anthon;* 
 to bfe infurtber trattclling, acco?oing to a CcmmilTionocliuerco him, fttbfcribeo by mailer An- JgJ i ^2S 
 thonie Hufe ano otljers.iioberefo?etoetoill pou oeUucrbunoneo?mo?eof Curb painfull poung intcDjofojcj" 
 mm asl;c fljal tbtnke meetett fo? bispurpofc: ano lifcetoife fuch monep ano mares as be tbal think {^n rcfand*" 
 betttotabetuitbhi>".1>e»i"tt^auefour!ppounDs!apcerefo?fourepecre3,tabepato bimbp tbc Bogba. 
 halfe peere, o ? as be toil oematmo it of pou,folct bim baue it from Caffcr latt , 3lfo tbe prices of 
 loarcs bere at this pjeft nt arc, bale flare ttoentp pouno tlje pacfee ano better, totoe flare t oientie: 
 tigljtpouno tbebunorfO,traine ople at nine pouno tlje tumte, toare atfourc pouno the bunDjeo, 
 tailoto at firtccne tbtllings tlje buno?eo,cables ano ropes berp oeare : as pet tljere are no fijippes 
 
 tomeoutofDanske. 
 
 iKept butill tlje tenth oap of this p^efent . 9s tljfs oap came tlje goo&si out of Scotland that 
 toerc recouereo out of the Edward Bonauenrure : ano notoe toe ooe pcrcriue tbat tlje cafbe tljat ^ gotl cafft? 
 the trapne epic came in, is bene gooo, ano much better tben ours. Cberefo?eour minoe is, ma&emRufla. 
 tljat pou ujall laoe it all in fitch barrels of tlje biggerfojtag pou laoeo in tbe Edward, ano 
 no long battels no? fmalU Quo tljat cafke tbat'toee Ijaue fent map fmte fG? tlje 'Callotoe 
 o? anieotljer toare that is not leakage, j^cuertljelclTe, tljis bopagc poumu3takcfucijaspou 
 can get. 
 
 ' 9lfo if tlje (^trrperour bee minoco to oeliuec pou anp fumme of mancp , o? gooo JItate 
 at as reatbnable a pjice as pou map bttpe fo) rcasie monep , toee toill tljat pou fljal! take it 
 ano laoe it fo? oar accomptes', ano to come atotiraOttenture,anDbee to liecpapeo at tlje re* 
 turne of tlje Qjippes in Relucts, fattens , oj. anp otljer kinoe of filke , o? clotlj of goloc, clottj 
 Bf tiltue , o? acco joing as bis Commifftmt Giail tee tbat bee ujall fenoebs in tlje Qjippcs.ano ac» 
 co?Dingtofiicbpaternesasbceftj''Ilfnie. SQeeoocnot SnDetbe ambatfaoouc notoe at tbe latt 
 fo conformable to rcaronastoceljaotbougljt toee fljotiloe. feet's bcrp mtttuuttfull, anotljin- 
 fce'tb ettette man toill beguile binvKbcrefojc pou ijaoneeoe totakebeeoeljotoepou Ijaucto ooe 
 toitb bini o? toith anj} fuel), ano to matte pott- bargaines plaine,ano to fet tbem ootene in tojittng, 
 jFojtljepbeefrtbtilf people, anoocenotaltoaics fprahetlje trttetb, ano tbinke other mento bee 
 iife^jemfeluiS.'SberefoJctoetooulo baue none ofthem to feno anpgooos in out Qjippes at anp 
 h'mc, no? : noueto come fo? pato 
 afo?efaiO,fo? Ijis ouitie perfon. 
 
 3Ifo toe charge po 
 manpofourujt'i 
 toiferanotoljauej 
 
 acne Qjtlltn'gs eigljt jjeuce of our monep , petit ijs not too}tljpa(li2, oj 13* IbiUings ttcrling, 
 
 C e S^ojeotter, 
 
W! 
 
 30Z The Englifh Voyages, Let.of Mflho.HaMrey* 
 
 Spo;eoucr , pou haa nefBetofcnaenetoe accomptes, fo; tljcm that came in the Edwar duee 
 marrcD atto to?nc 3 Co tljat toe can mafee no reckoning bp them: ana liketoife totojtte us apet« 
 feet note of all the gooocstofatcij rat recetuca thelattbopage out of the Edward, anatjmein 
 nottofaile, 
 
 .Andrew ludde. 
 vGcorgcBarne, 
 'Anihonie Hufe, 
 'William Garrard, 
 -William Chefter, 
 
 A Letter of Matter Thomas H<at>trey to the. worfliipfull 
 MiStetHenrieLaae Agent at Colmogro, written in Vologda 
 i-«y thcji.oflanuaric 1557, 
 
 r ©?uOtpfun^tr,ljeattiecorrmteaDatwnSH?erttifer)» "Chefe map beeto aauettifepoti, 
 
 tbatpetteroap tbe thirtieth of tbisp;efent came tntrjer Robert Belt, ano b;ougbttoft{i 
 
 rjtm ttoo Ijuna;cB robles , that is s one hunojea fo; tljts place , ana one buno;ea fo; pou at Colmo. 
 
 gro . &s fo; Ijempe toljich is here at ttoo robles ano aljalfe the bercouitc^maCer Gray hath to;it* 
 
 lobn sedgewicic tcnto bup no mo;e at that p;ice : foylohn Sedgewicke hath bought fo; fire 0; feuen ljuno;eo ro* 
 
 AtNouogrodf.. j,i e8 u] j t [ jat Nouogrodefo?oncrobleana ahalfetbebercouitcsmo better cljeape: ana tobite 
 
 Nouogrode flare is there at th;ee robles thebercouite. 31 truttbee toill ooe much gooB bp big 
 
 gomgtbither, asSJooeanocittanB, Richard lohnfon is gone to Nouogrode tottrj money to 
 
 him, J, Doubt not but Chatter Gray bath aoucrtifeo pou of all their Doings, bottj at trje Mofco ano 
 
 at Nouogrod.ano touching ourBoingsbeere, pou fijallperceiue that tore Ijaue folac toares of 
 
 tins fourth oopagc fo? one huno;eB ana fourtie roblcs, beGaes fifeie robl ess of 1 1; c fecona ana tljirB 
 
 bopage Qncetrje gating bp of mp lafl account,ano fo? toares of the Courttrep,ppu (ball bnacittanD 
 
 tbat 31 Ijaue bought triea ano bntrtea fo; 77, tobies fourc l;ttnaua paces of trice t ailotoe , befiocs 
 
 " fourebuno;eepcBestbat3Ibauegiucnoutmoiiepfo;,tobcreof ©00 gratmt gooa receipt toljcn 
 
 tljetimccommetbjtobicbisiiiLcnt^nainbjiorjjneflarcana bempe 1 Ijaue bongljt fcucnteene 
 
 bercouites, fire panes ano firteene pouno, tobtch cott 2 8, roblcs, cleuen altines ttoo pence ♦ 9no 
 
 {pints of 30. as fo; otfjcr kinoes a f toares 3i rjauc bougbt none as pet. Sine fo; mattes to bee p;ouiBea,poti (ball 
 
 paras. snoerttane that 31 tojote a letter to Totma tbe 28. of this pjefent fo; ftftie mattes, to toit, fo; 25* I 
 
 offiftcenefathoms,ana 25,offoureteenefatboms,tobcanatfljineana atjalfcat tlje fmall euae, 
 an Mrrtjiiic is 9na mo;e, 31 bauc to;itten fo; 3 o. great trees to be ttoo arfijines ana a Ijalfe at tbe fmall ena, ana 
 
 I p"rooim«f fo ^ tfae othet ^ jat tocrc P? 0UlI,et, 3>* !att P em > 3 tcuQ tbe ? ft atl *> e fcnt ootone in the fp;ing of tbe 
 
 " peere . 3no as concerning tbe Kopemakers, pou (ball bnnerttana tljat their abtoing place Djall 
 
 at rope noure b« tottlj pou at Golmogro, as 31 ooe tbinke Rafter Gray Ijatlj aauertifto pou. Jo;, as Ro- 
 
 nctto at coi. gcr Bontingc Spader of tlje tooo;kcs aoetb fap, there is no place m&;e meete fo; tbeir purpofe 
 
 mogro ' tben toitlj pou : ano tbcre it mill be maae vottlj letter cott, confioering tbat tbe pale is tbe one balfe 
 
 of it : toljicb is to fet one pale mo;e to tbat,ano fo fo; to couer it cucr, tobicrj as tljep fap , toill be l 
 
 but little cott. ^Ijep aoc p;ap tljat it map bee maae fireteene foote bjoaae, ano one hune;ea ano 1 
 
 eigljtie fatljams long : ano tljat in tlje miaae toap ttoentic foote from the pale toluaroe ttje toater 
 
 Jttarrc tjonre fioetberemapbealjoufemaoetotarrein,ttan6ingaloncbpitfelfefo;Bangeroffire,«abe Carre 
 ' IjoufctbattljeptooulecljauemaBe,istobeefifteenefatbomslong,anotcnfatbomsb;oaoe, ana 
 t\)^ tooule tbat bcufe ujouId be maoefirtt: fo; 31 thinke tljep toill not tarre befo;e tbep come tljere, 
 3no farther the^ oefire tbat pou toill p;ouioe fo; as much tarre as pou map , to; rjeere toee Ijaue 
 fmall Qo;e , but toben tbe time commetb that it Ojouloe be maae, 31 toill p;ouioe as mucb as3J 
 can here, tljat it map bee fent aotonetobentbeNafadecoinmetlj. Che ttuffe that thep hauerea* 
 aic (jpunnc is about fine tboufana toaigljt , ano tbep fap tljat tbep trutt to Ijaue bp tbat time tljep 
 come aotone parne pnougb to make 20. cables. 9s concerning a copie of the alphabet in cipher* 
 
 Robert Aufttn. fatter Gray hatlj to;itten hither tbat Robert Auften baa one,toljicb be toilleo that be ujoulBepe* 
 litter topou, Cbus3ifurccal"c,bcCcecbtng<SoBtop;cferucpoutn Ijealth, ano to feno pou pout 
 hearts oefire, 
 
 By yours to command to his power, 
 Thomas Hawtrey. 
 
 A Letter 
 
 1 
 
Lawpj= a grffll 
 liMItfOJI tile 
 feamocDs t:l 
 tlic/lpjllj. 
 
 t3?|Mt fi'iaiitt' 
 lie uf nrmpc 3. 
 
 tuc?l;ciiia 
 pent. 
 
 c Rub.(jray bis letter. TrarFiques,andDifcoueries. 30- 
 
 _ 
 
 A Letter of Mafter (Richard Gray one of the firfl: Agents of 
 the Mofiouie companie to Matter Henrie Lane at Mofco, writ- 
 ten in Colmogroihc 10, of Februanc 1558, . 1-cS 
 
 '©^fblpfuH §> ir, after bcartie commennattons ?c. gou iu)afl brtoctfrann tlj.it this Lew: 
 fommctytoLampasrucljanurrtberofmuiofDiucistMtioijs vuttlj mares, as bath not 
 lene fcene tijrfe tciipcftes.^lntber come maup cut of Vgorir tlje ttfojeJUJoulo Ijsue bcnetrjeie 
 mpfflfe, ann alCb featie vecciucti fucbmonepasisomMgbsinmaresbpKaillhis biotljerauo 
 Olcp liofcouo. ffo} as poutueHfenfftD 3 tijencc tijep mill goe m;c!j tfjeir marcs ro the Mofcb, ann 
 Wakens papntcnt mitb nelapes, astbepbauc none tljtfc other peeies pair, Coloboneansljts 
 partner lie ncpattentomarhs Lampas mitbfettenileSBridaBfa'mit!) Utctunls *Dt!jcrsalfo arc 
 gone to tljat ?part. 93 touching tlje banging of money fiJttb pou , it mill bee goao, ftn 31 aflure 
 youGnce cur camming to tbio count-rep haue not fo mxnp petfbiis gone tatlje ia>ta , ass toil! ooe 
 tbfe pecre, tj'rufrtng tljflt (Son mill ft no gocn tfojie of traine ople', 3 mill caufe as mud) cafke to 
 lieemarcaoincileasSiCai^ifpoufiiaUtljinkeitmcetd'toffnDiomemoncp befostf, 311 our oloe 
 "jempe is fptmne nnn brought in tenne cables from fiftcenc piichcS to ten tbclea i", ano thtrtecne 
 $aufers ftomfire pitches to tb?repnci;c0S aim allmapmctghmbitecialjt anntmeritp tljoti= 
 fatine pontine tueight anobplDaror, ^bcr: is inlictnncockam fiuetrjanfano potmn tluo ljua* 
 Ojeo mcight in tlnelue fackestt tlje leaffi : tlje flare tljac came ootonein the NaiTadaes mitij tliofc 
 fcttcn pones that came laft is all fpuitftc lwitlj a goon part of that Ijempc tljat came lair. (Son fenn 
 mo?e frjojilp , foj all trjat is here ano tljat is comming in the th.ice other Ketones; toil! brc nifpat* 
 ctjco bp the fourth meeke in Leitt.ttOithin tijefc feto napes 31 bought thirteen penes, fetten pemm 
 of rjempc that coil tloo tobies, ttoentp eight altines , retire pence, mhidj together toitb. that that 
 teas bought before, ftjall bee laine in nipping ann fottnolng; lines , fojtt is uetp goon, Z-Ijcu arc 
 fpentabouefiftiebarrelsoftarrealEcaDietpoitnjalliinnerflanotbatthefecight too$emen mill 
 fptnaeanD lap abettc fourefcoje ann tenne fljowf'itti pottno of hempe, fo it bec njeflcD reaoieto 
 thcirhannp,hauingtmototttrnethemhecles,anotmotominnebp, ^bercfoje 31 haue agrees 
 toitljtbcfe tmo hopes to fertte tlje moifljipfuU companie fcttreperrcs a piece, ©nc of r&em totit* 
 tiethbpanni'sberpapttofpmnc x therefore 3? mill hauetmoathcrpoimgmenSuiTee to fpinne, 
 if tlcp can mine gooo ftireties foj their trttcth.3i hatie bene fit hann mith tljcfc tmo pong men that 
 tame out of the Thai tie, ann thep mitlj me, but nnccr feuen pounn a peere the p mill not fmie.iioj 
 Thomas Bunting that loas Roger Buntinghisfcrttant. Cherefojc3imoulnhaue thiceauf- 
 fesatt^elcafttofpitme.ntfeofthcmmillbcasgooaasthefcthjee, ana mill not be fo chargea- 
 We all.as oue of thtfe teouln be, 31 Hjinkc it mere goon that our Naffada mete fomctohat ilreng= 
 thcncninberflooiccnboth fines mithplankes offtue ojErepnchcs thicke, from tlje ftemme to 
 tlje Uerne,as a haue mjitten to Thomas Hawtrey at Vafogda. 9lfo if pott fnail fo thxnhs meet, 
 pour marc anntallomcfijallbcc laneit in tmo Dofmcfccs,fojtbepbccnifcteta pcabaojntlje 
 fljippes : 31 ooe intenn to fet bp art Ijoufe at Boroleua ouer agatntt tlje place mljereas the 
 fljippes tlja'l rine, pour anuife therein 31 erpect , it ujall not coS aboue ttjiee rdblcs, anc pst it* 
 memill4)etcujsllbetm^marmeraomesinit,asfoiothermaueratthispjefca£3l)aiienr.tto 
 troublepoumitIj.'i!l,annifttmotilt)pleafepott3lmoulDbeglantotjearcfomegooDnemcBofbpa' 
 to Ienkinfon , Chugi 3Icfus be toitl/pcu ann belj;'s guine , 
 
 Poflfcriptum, 
 
 9sfo?thcfcour fpamkestljepbee itotmljitc, but mhiic annmap'en, butinnefoearc Jar* 
 famkons. ^hcfeBapfspaltour Olcn nicn.feo tljis pecre ottrSBaflersof tlje companie ate like 
 to ljauenone,no,t anp mljite bcares, jSeitbcr map anp paffc out of tlje realmc mitljouc a (jjccial li= 
 cence from tbe «Empetour, 
 
 3intennQ5onmillingtogoetoLarapas,if31noe3|mimakefoureo?8uekerfepsteit'imi;, 
 but as f o j moucp t"jcre is fmall flo je I; ere to carte, 
 
 Yoiirs, Richard Gray, 
 
 A Letter of Tbo?jtai Mcocfo to the worfhipfull ^Jcbard 
 Gray 7 zn&Hcnrie Lane Agents in <Jfy[ofcoura from 7"/rrr;//in 
 
 Poloma,wikten\n7tnvtlhhe26. of Aprill 1558, It-S 
 
 1? nuetp picmifcn bnto pour moj(i)ip3,mftrj c&nennacions 9c. 3It map plcafe pcu to be nb» 
 uectifcD, p mp laS 3i ffnt fro Smolefco.mhtcl) 3 truC pott Ijaue tcKiueo Ho other letters to 
 
 Cc * niturs 
 
 Jafiirt hatolig 
 I tutjiteUciU'ts 
 
 Uiicljourtt^ 
 
 rente 
 
 tBrtrtcrGrayCJ 
 
 ioiiviii-.i ta 
 Lamp), 
 
 M 
 
304. The Englifh Voyages, Thomas Shocks letter. 
 
 Diuers of cue Cnglifhmen ,luherem 31 certified pou of mp long rerapning there, as alfo of 
 mpDe^rmrcfrcmtbince,anDhoiuctbat3|baD I)treo a Cotar to- tying mceto Danske. me 
 cametoacertaine biHageon&attetbaptbellreano ttoentittbof tfctyttara, ano there remai* 
 neb that ntgb' ano gmnoap to refrcfh our bodies, inteitDing to baue gone'abrapon Spunoap 
 eardp. 55ut on gtateroap at night oneof W neighbours Departeo to Tirwill , ano there oedareo 
 to the Captafnc hoiuetbatat fucb a place there teas a Dutch man that teas come from ttie 
 Moico,ancvuouloerioe to Danske, faping,fo?tbe one, 3! cannot tcllttt^at Ije is, C&e Cap* 
 tame incontinent rtcoe to tl;e &ingtou>Uie l)im tljeceof , fa tbac uritbout anp oelap tbete 
 toasfent out fo? mee one of the ©cntlemen of the Kings boufe, ano one of n)e Spefmckes of 
 the ©olimc uiitb Ore Officers to take mee. Chepcametbitljec in the night about mibnight, 
 ano there appjehenbeb mce ano tookeall that 31^aD from me: trjep left mee nothing but mp 
 clothes to put on mpbacke , ano fo tyought mee to Tirwill to the Captaines boufe, inhere 
 before 31 opnett, 31 rjao a pap?e of fetters dappeoonmpleggcs, luberetotthall 31 fate bntillit 
 luas Spunoap m the Caflermreke . ©n tobicb bap, after long ano earnett calling to the Cup* 
 tame.asheeritniebp tbeluinDblne,heecommattnDeo the Cparfb«ll that mine p?ons ftoulbebe 
 taken off , but no too?te3l coulbbearetoben31 fhoulbbebcliucreb out of captiuitie till it teas 
 j&aint George his bap j on Uibtcb bap 31 luas bab before the jpacfljall, iBljooeciareD bnto me 
 that the Kings epaieffte hao melueDbismercieanbgoooneu'etotnarBesmce: fo?his pleafure 
 loas that 31 fl/oulo bebeliuereo out of pnTonto Depart into England, but notoap elfe. <§>o af> 
 terahabgiucn t&anfces fin the Kings ipaieflies goooneuTtnjebwbbntome,31oeGrcobimthac 
 hciuoulocbeamcane that 31 might baue tberemapnDer of uulj tbmges as mere taken from 
 meretfo^bbnto meagamc, ipcemaDcmeanfboerctbat 31 might tljanke©oD that 31 efcapeo 
 toitbmpheab. ano that if tucri here came anp mo?e of bstb?ouah the lanb, tfjep fijottlo not fo 
 doc. €:i;eUicckebcfo?e Waller thep Delmereb mee mpCorobia againetnith allthingestrjat 
 lucre therein. 'Cbep tookefrommceinmonepninelptmgersgplDernstn goloe,fiue QnUings 
 fottre pence in Lettoes mencp, fburtie aittnes in Huflc moncp , Uibfteof ttocntie anbmo?e 
 swots**- lucre foi tokens, halfe an angell anb a quarter of Spatter Dortour Standifhes, toitbhtsgotoe 
 a.fhtbe em- rm g, jDourtluo pieces of monep (Spatter Gray) that poufent to pour totfe anODaugbtcr,iuitf) 
 p.-rourB mi. m ^ ttoo p te£gg| of Bog j iary mDRf p , ©f an this 31 bao eigljt hungers gtlbcrns Deliuereb mee 
 thethtrbetoeckeofmine impnfonmenttopapefojmp charges, MyiA) floooemcc in a Dolto 
 a uicc&e. !§>othatattljeoapofmp oelwene31b*bbtttttyfe gplcernes leftme.jTo? the red 31 
 matieafiipplicationtothc Captaineanbhabthe libeanftocregiuen mee astheSparOjaHgaue 
 me, <&o that ail the tctt of the thinges nefineunittenarelofj, anbno recouerie to bee bao k 
 which gticuctb me mo?c fin tlje tokens fakes then boetbmine tight njceksimp?ifbnment.3i;hcp 
 baue alfo mp fiuo?b,mp bootcs , mp boine ano arrotnestbatSI bougbtat Smoknico , lubicb coff 
 me fottre marks,mp fleb.mp felt, the tombolo,a booke of the jf lotoses of gobip p?apers, anb mp 
 kopke liihetein mp charges lucre m?ttt«n. ©fall thefe 31 can get nothing againe, not lb much as 
 mptiuobookcs. 
 
 Sifter 31 habremapneb there fitte ano thirtiebapes, 31 luas hab before tljeCaptainebuin* 
 to a great chamber to bee eramtneb fo? letters anb of tbe caufe of mp cemming tb?ougb the 
 Countrep, 3inthe Captaines compaute luas onetf tlje JLo?besof Danske, 'SEhfp bcmaun' 
 beb of mee U)betemplettersiuere,3iDeclareb bntotbem that 31 bab none: pour©fftcers(fapn 
 31)tookcmeteben31iBas inmpbcbDe, thepfearcheo mee anb tooke all that 31 bao from mee, 
 if there be anp tbeplhall finbetbem among mpCuffetohich tkepbaue, 'Eljep afkeomec then, 
 fo? tobat caufe 31 "boent home ouer lanbe *: 31 beclareb bnto them , tbat the 2Uintcr bceing 
 a toatmefeafbn, anb Ijauingintdligcnce that The frozen Seaboasnotmt!cbfro?en,anbfuu* 
 poftng this S»ommer itlunulbbenauigable, 31toasonelpfenttop?cuibea ^bippetobee fent 
 topaffetbefapoe&eastobifcouer Cataia: lubichif Q5oo graunteo luce might boe, it tooulne 
 notonelpbeea commobitie totbeKealmeof Englande, but bnto allCb?tfltanlanbes,bptbe 
 riches that might bee bought from thence, if thehilrojicsttcetruethatare iu?ittcn thereof. 
 Spud) other communication 31 bab tenth tbem concerning the fame bopage. 'Chen btbemaun^ 
 beo of mee tobat luares toeebjougbt into Ruflia, ano Uihat roee carricb trom thence. 31 be« 
 clareb the fame bnto tbem. Chen thepbutbeneo mee, that luce b?ougbttljubcr tboufanoeg 
 of ojbinance, as alfo of barrxis, fboo?oes, toitb other munitions of luarre, artificers, cop« 
 per, luitbmanp other tljings: 3lmabe tbem anfinete, that lute bao b?ougbt tbitber about ane 
 btmbjcb fljirtes of maple, fucb olbe tbtnges netoefcouijeb as no man in Englande tuouloe 
 lucarc, ©tbertalke tljep bab iuttb mee concerning the trabe of Mofcouia too long to commit 
 to touting, 
 
 at mp coimmngbulja; Ijcere luere StmbafTaDottrs from tbe tolunes of Danske , Lubeck, 
 
 ano 
 
Let.ofM.^tAnt.f e « ^/o».Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 305 
 
 atiD Hamburgh, aaalfaottt of Licfland to oefire tbisltingtobeetbfirCaptaine ano bean nn ttm 
 fotbeirimenDeouopage,i»bitbwastoftoppeall fucbtbippes as fijouincgoe out of England i,",^ C mt ' 
 fojMoicouia, saiberatnto tbe King gratmteo, anoimmeoiatlp t^cp oepai ten to prepare tljctr j™ D / b ro l 5£ rf * 
 ftjippf st . &o tbat J am afraioe that either tljcfe our enemies, o? tbe great marres tbat me bane 'rwotuncn 
 toitb France anl> Scotland toill be an occaBon that pou fhallhaueno Ujippes at Colmogrotljis #*«n«Biig». 
 
 pecre. 
 
 Co conrfuoe.altbeugb 31 baueno tokens to oeliuer tbem, t&at the tokens taken from ine tecre 
 fent tinto, pet 31 UJilloctlare onto tbemtbatJbao tokens fo;ubem,toitbtbe mifebance. 9no 
 thus 3 commit pou to SmigbtieSSon toitljtbc reft of tbe companie, lnbo kcrpc pou in health to 
 Ijis Ijolp Dull ano pleafure* 
 
 By yours to commaund 
 Thomas Alcocke, 
 
 A Lc tter of Matter Jthwonie Ienkinfon vpon his return e from 
 
 Boglw to the worlhipful Matter HenrieLane Agent for the Mo/to- 
 hie companie relident in Vologda, writtcnin the Mofio the 
 1 8. of September, Ij5p, 
 
 WffijSbiufuIl g>ir, after mpbeartie commennations pjcmlCen toitb mod DeGreto (Son 
 of pour welfare ano p?ofperous fuccetTe in all pour affaires, 3Jt mapplcafe poutobee 
 aouertifeDttjattbefourtljofcbispjefentSlatnueDinub Richard Iohnfon ano Robert lohnfon 
 allinbcaltb,tfcankeBbccto<SoD, (HEteebauebeneasfarreas Boghar,ann ban pjoceeoeo far- 
 thcrati cur bopagc toluatD the lanoe of Cathay , ijao it not bene to i tbe Dnceffant atto r out imtall 
 tuarrcc, thick are in all theft bjutall ano toilce countreps, rijat it ;'s at tljts pn ft nt impafftUe to 
 parte, neitljer went tkrrcanp Carauan of people from Boghar tljat toap tbcfe tbjec peeres. 
 9no aldjougb out iouruep batb bene fb traTerable.oangcrous, ano cbargeable toitb lodes, charges 
 anacrpenfes, asmppcnneisnotabletoerpjieffe trjc fame; pet ujaUtoee bee able to fatif&cthe 
 tooojlbipfull Companies minors, as touching tlje oifcourrieof The Cafpian Sea, toiclj the 
 trace of mercbanoifc to bte haoin fucblanses mocountcpesasbce tljereabout aoiaccnt, ano 
 batte bicugbt of the mates ano commooitics of tljofe Countries able to anfUicre t be principal! 
 toitb pjofite : toiiljing tbac tbere lucre utterance fo? as great aquantitieof kerGesaiio otljcr 
 toares as there is pjofite to bee ban in tbe fales of a fmall quantitie, (all fucb euill fortunes bee* 
 ing efcapco as to os bate cljauncen tbis pjefent Dopage,) foj tben it Uiouloe be a trace moo jtbie 
 tobeefoUoteea.§)ir,fojtbat3itruflpoHlBtIIbef;ereu)ojtlp (tobtcb 3lmucbnellre) 3ltuill ne* 
 ftrre the nifcourfetoitb pou at large tmtill pour commtng, as toell touching mpcrauel, as of o« 
 tbertbtngs,^)tr,Iohn Luckeocpartcnfrombencctotoarn England tbe fatentbof tbisp?efent, 
 ano intensetb to p auc bp tbe toav of S wcden,bp tobom 31 fent a letter to the mojfljipfull Compa^ 
 me, ano Ijattctojittcn tbat 3! inteno to come ootone mtto Colmogro to be reaoie tbere at tbe nert 
 flapping to tmbarkc mp felfe fo j England.ncclaring tbat mp feruice Q)al not be neenfull bere,fo } 
 tbat pou are a man able to ferue tbeir jdo jfjjipa in greater affaires tben tfcep baue becre to noe, fo 
 farreas3Ipetcetue, Ss touching the Companies affaires beere, 3! referre pou to Chhftopher 
 Hudfons!etters,fo?tbat 3! ambutnetolparriuco. flpauingberebut litlebuuncITetoooc, 31feno 
 pouRichard lohnfoirto belpc pott tbere in pour affaires . 3tbus giuing pou moll beartie tbanks 
 fojmptoencb Aura Soltana, 3 commeno pou to tbe tuition of (Sod, tobofeno poubcalcii toitlj 
 leartsoefii-e, * . 
 
 Your afliitcd to command, 
 Anchonie Ienkinlbn. 
 
 *5?P 
 
 fgalTerlmkcn. 
 
 trutcafojC*. 
 
 ■CTjtbifcmitrp 
 of tj:» Cilpian 
 itA. 
 
 from Moicoui* 
 b£ Stvcdco. 
 
 CfilB tons a 
 
 pong Tartar 
 girlciuliuljtjc 
 aai:e ID Hie 
 j&iirctic Ulttt* 
 tuarb. 
 
 I 
 
 A Letter of the Mofcouie companie to their Agents in %ufiiA ? 
 
 Mafter HenrieLane , cbrijlopher Hud/on, and Thomas Glouer fent in 
 their fcuenth voyage to Saint Nicholas with three fhips, the SvrnU 
 /owe, the Pbiltp and LMarie, and the lefiu the fifth of 
 May, i j 6 o. 
 
 A. 
 
 fttt our beartie cotrmtmnationS to pou»^be ttoelftb nap of tbe lafl menetb bere arritte&m 
 
 fafttp,t banks be to <&on,our ttoo 0;tpS; ? bp t bem idc receiuen pour letters ? inuotces uerp 
 
 Cc j toell 
 
7,06 The Englifh Voyages, Let.oftbe Mofc.companie. 
 
 CaUottic. 
 
 Stralttr oplea. 
 
 lOolucringe. 
 
 llifctHS. 
 
 ictteg. 
 ■Grmiiico. 
 
 fequirrts, 
 
 jflarr. 
 "Sallies anti 
 topee. 
 
 M pjorlainion 
 egamft fojreit 
 jfacue. 
 
 300Q.po6caof 
 fallow a ptrt. 
 
 500.I0HJ 
 
 J^otc. 
 
 tutu pcrceuung tohatpoubaue laocn mtljem, Oje taliomecame euiil conoitioneo and uio> 
 feen , bp reafon it came in Corrobias, toee lofe anD fpople mo?e tben the Cafke toil! coft, ana 
 muclj of t Ijss t allouic is ut r ic etrill, blacke, foft ant) putt meo. ^oudnng t be (EQare, as pec toee 
 knotoe not Ijotue tije inetgljt tuill rife , up reafon ctjat fomeof ittoas loftintbebarkes. ■Che 
 tocightofthelaft peeress toareDionotrtfefotocllas the other pceres before it oio, .'CljerebaD 
 nceoe gooo heeoe to bee taken in tlje tnetgtiino;. 9lfo much of this <H3arc Ijao a great foote 
 ano is notfo fairetoareas in times pjtt toee haue bao, J3 ou mutt caufe the foote to bep taken 
 off bcfojepouooetoeigbftjOj elfepou muGfeeketohaueagooo allomancefojit, 'Cbetraiiie 
 fflples mbichpoulaDeo tbis pecte cametoell conoitioneo, ano the cafke toasgooo ano of a 
 gooo fife. Q5ut if the? toeremaoe a little bigger it toere the better , fo?.tbep be not hogujtaos. 
 SjoubauetojittentobstofenDpou cafke tohicbisnotheeretobebaD, ueitberDoetocetbinke 
 itfobett ifitmerebeere, confioering it mutt goe cither fhakenano bounce bp,o?clfeemptie, 
 tobiclj mill bee petletable, ana liketoife toill ffj jinke ano t jte, ano not be fittc to laoe oplesin, 
 Chcr£fo?eourminoeis,poulball caufe fomucb cafke to bee mace there of the Bfe of bog- 
 Ibeaosastoill feme bochfypouroplesanotallotoe, ano Imhcm be toclltrimmeotoitb pitch 
 enchehcaosano feames, ano llano full of toatcrtljjce oj foureoapesbefojepouptitSDplesin 
 them, gour Cotuper map bee ouerfeer to them tb.it make tljem, that the? be toeil hoopeo ano 
 cleere tpmbertoitbotttknottes, thetoooul cafkepoumapputthetallotoein. l^ee that feetb 
 the fining of the oples bau neeDe to looke toell to it , fo? there teas mttcb mater in this that came 
 notoe.nUeeperceiuc pou haue bougljt ano batte in a reaoineffe onehutiojeo anD fourtte tunnes of 
 oples, anothatifneeDebepoumaphauemoje fioje, SIJljerefojetoeooeminDetofenapoulbip* 
 pingfo? tbjee bunojeo tunnes antj bptoaros,becaufc toe tooulo haue this nert ssommer 05 great 
 arctuwe as pou can of thecommootties of that Countrep, asalfiofucbof cur toareu as pou 
 bauethat arenotbenoiule, ojtoillnotbefolDeo;ibartcreD, becaufe toe tooulo haue a fulknoto* 
 Icoge ano ilate of our accounts. Che tables m'jich pou Tent thispeere be berp bafe, among 
 themaUmecoulo not make one pn'ncipall timber: mehauealmapcsmnttenuntopontofenn 
 them that bee goooojelfe none. Che^oluertngs tocre inaiffcrent, ano fame of tljemolues, 
 the reft berte bafe,tbe Lufernes butmeane, tbelettes notfo large fkinnesas toe hauebao: the 
 uettis,theptoereof anetooeatlj. Slsfoj the Ermines, tljep coil moje there toitbpou, then 
 toe can fell them fo? here. Cbercfojebupnomojeoftbem, noiof^cmirelSjfo? toeclotttbe 
 onehalfeintheother. Chetoaresthattoe tooulo baue pou p?ouioeagaintt tbecommingof tlje 
 (bippes are , SBare, 'Sallotoctcapne ©pies, flaw, Cables ano Kopes, aimfurres, fuch 
 as me haue mjitten to pou fo? in out latt letters bp tlje fijippes : ant! from hencefoo^tb not to 
 make anp great pjottifion of an? rich Jfurres ejeept p?incipall S>ableg f tettes x fo? nom there 
 is a proclamation inauc tbatnofurres(ballbemojnebere,butfucb asthelikcisgrotoingljere 
 toitljin tljis our Eealme, 9lfo toe perceiue that there might be a great oeale of tallotoz mo?e p?o» 
 umeo in a peece then pou feno. 'Cherefoje our minneiSjPDU ftjoulD enlarge fometobat mo?e in the 
 pjice, anD to feno bs if pou can tb?ee thoufanu pooes a pecre : fo? toe Doe mott goon in it. 3nD like 5 
 mifethe KulTcs, if pou mouto giue them a reafonablepnce fo? their toarcs, toouloe be tlje toil-- 
 lingcrtobupanti fell toith pou, anb not tocariefomucljto Nouogrode astrjepboe.but toouloe 
 rather bnugitto Vologda to pou, both JUare, Callotoe, JTlare, l^empe, ano allkinueof 
 other toarcs ficte fo? our Countrep. iJDur miime is pou ftjoulo p jouioc fo j the nert fijips fiue bun* 
 d?cd toib hibes, of them tbat be large ano faire,ano tbtckctt in hano.ano to be circumfpect in the 
 chooung,tbat pou bup them that bee killeo in fcafon anotoell o?peo aixtt totj^Ie. 31f thepbee 
 gooo toe map fell tljemfjerefoj firteeneujillmgs ano better tljepiece, toee tooulo haue themhole 
 fkinnes, that is.tlje neckc ano Iegges toithall fo? tbcfe tbat pou ftirt nom lacke their neckes ano 
 legges. peuertbclcffe fo> this time pou mutt fence them as pou map get tbem ; if pou coulee 
 finoe t!je mcancs tljattlje tjatre migljt bee clippeo off tbcm, tbep mouloenot take fo much roome 
 in tlje Qjippcs as tljcp Doe. 2Ee perceiue bp pour letters tbat tbe. puces of f 23are Doe rife there 
 totth pou, bp reafon that tbe poles ano lifelanoers Doe traoeinto RulTiabp licence : mbirij, 
 if there (bottloe bee peace bctmeene them , toouloe bee an occafion tbstall otber commooi- 
 ties in Ruffia toouloe rife to a bigger pjice , ano not bee fufficienttoferuet'gem ano bs too, 
 ano liketoife toouloe bnngDotone there tbepucesof our commooities . -£bercfoje toetljinke 
 it gooo pou fbouloe make a fupplication to the Cmperour in tbe name of 'Ebe Companie 
 to rctttme tbetraoe fromRye ano Rcucl to os, cfpeciallp fo? fuch toarcs as mee ooe bup: 
 pjomifing that meetoillbee bouribe to take them atareafonablepnce, as toee haue bought 
 them in times paft : ano liketoife tbat toee toill b?ing to them fuclj toares of ours , as are 
 thought fittefo? tiieCotmtrev, ano to fell them at fuch rcafonablepjiccs as toee haue Done. 3f 
 this fijouloe not come to paffejtoeewigbt be out of hope of Doing anp gooobp the ttaoe tbere : bat 
 
 that 
 
 
Let. of the Mojc. company. ^Traffiques ? and Difcoueries. 507 
 
 i^at Doe Ijaue a fuct^cc tiopc of Cotnc gooQ trabeto be fount) out up E^aftcrAntonielc-nkinfon: 
 hp reafon toe boepercciue bppour letters, tljacratoftlkc is as plentirulltnPerfia, as flare is in 
 Ruflii: befioeotbercommobtttes that map come from tbencr, eater bnecrftano bppourfctccrs 
 tljac pou be at a pomt tottl) tije Ruffe fo j tlje ffiaaire^aliolB,atiD 'Cramc dyleg that tje fbippeD t(je 
 lattperefojsiiroblesioaltineSjtobtcbistoelltaltljottgbmttcljbenotgownbpit.lHitbccattfe 
 tljepfboulb not bnberBanb our reckonings SHenwcbmarueltotatpou meantobtip&calf fkins 
 anbtanne tbem, ail tbat pou baue fent in times paft lie Ijcrebnfolo, ano Uuill peclue no inancp, 
 3Jfpoufcnb ioooftljemtatoeb toitb the baircon J t!jeptotu' bee fplbe, ojclfenot. Jnourfluppe 
 toe toill fenb pott fuclj things as pou tojitc to baue fo? the ropers: ano tore tooulo tbep fhoulo 
 makemo?eao?eoft'mall cables anb ropes.as cables of 7,8,9,10.11,1 2, inches. Jfojtljefc great 
 cables be not fo? euerpman ; ano the greatefl cables bee, not befl labeb J ano liketoife fiiiall ropes 
 fo?m?oubes,lT)olcs,anbotber fmall tackeliug: ano thatpouioohe better to tbe fptnning of their 
 parne tbat it be euen anb toelltamb. VL\)t fables tbat pouboe mino to fenb bslet tbem be p?inci< 
 pal! ano fap?e, ano not pad foure 0? 6ue timbars, fo? tbep toill not be fo commonlp too?ne bere as 
 tljep baue bin toitb noble men: anbliketoife of Interns feno fctoe ano principal goob. ffiUe ininb 
 tofenbpouinourfljippcsiootunnesoffalte. anbbecatife toeperceuictbacbaiaaiflbntblp to 
 be b»b at our labingplace tljere toitb pou,toe tooulb pou fboulo baue in a reabinettc 1 00 1 tunics of 
 tbe toljitcaoncstobereof pott fine bs borne an eramplcttoopires pair, ano liketoife to hatte in 
 a reabinefle mafles of all fojitcs fo? our fljippes : fo? toe knoto not toljat nccoe tocc Qjall baue of 
 tljem, "Cljebitinge'c bercof is Thomas Alcock , be coulb not be fuffcreo tbe tljc lattpeave to paffe 
 tbjeugb Poland. anbastocto?oretontopouin our lhippes,becisoucfcruant fo? peares:9nn 
 fo? tljat toe knoto b«m to be boned, trite anb painefull, our rmno 19 lje ujalbe placcb toljerc he map 
 bobeaferuice. ^eBatbknototbecommobitiesonbwfcommoDitirsofaHkinceoftoarestobicb 
 pou boefenb bs. iZLJjerefojc toe tooulopou fljoulo creb;teljis fapingsbotlj in quantitic of toarts 
 anbgooones, asalfotoljermis moft our p?ofit,aa?e fee bp pour letters tbat pour opinion is tbat 
 the ropemakers fhoulo rtmainetljere ttoopercsmo?e; anb "tbat pou bautp?ouib£b great plentie 
 of bempe,tobicb toe arc content toicljall. 35tttaspettoeljaucfoIbe none of our cables nor bal* 
 fers,ne»bec is tfa u ?° ofc of tbem fenotoen ; becaufc tlje firllpou fent bs toere mace offlare,toljiclj 
 aretoojtb no monep : foj after tbep he onre toct tbcp toill rotte anb mouiber atoap like molfe, 
 3nb tbofe tobicb pou Cent bs notolatt,bpmiffo?tuue tbere toitb pou at tbelaoing toere toctte anb 
 fee tteb in manp places, anb baue loft their colour : hp meancs toljrrcof tbep be not fo benbible as 
 iftbepbabCometoelSconbitioneo, ©fanbaro beginning toctrua G?ob toill fenbbs agOobcm 
 bing, Wit hope in pour nert letters to heare goob nctors of the p?cceebings of S^aOer A nronie 
 Ienk'mfon. aftlepcrteiuebpbts letters tbatArtracan is not fogooo a apart totone as the fame 
 hath gone of it : anb maruell mucb tbat routib pctoter ujottlo be fo goobjanb goob cljepe tljcre,anb 
 from tobence it fljouto come, 3no tobereas pou to?ite tbat pou toil come fo? England in our nert 
 lhtppes,toe tooulo glaolp baue pott to remaine tberebntill the nert pere follotoing, foj cbe better 
 Inflrttction of our feruants tbere ; tobo baue not bab fo long time of continuance fo? tbe language, 
 anoknotolebge of tbe people, countrcp,ano toares as pou baue ljat>. jfteuertbelefle if pou toill 
 ncebs come atoap, toe baue no count, but tbat poutoill leaue gooo o?oer toici) our feruants tbere, 
 namelp toitb Chriftophcr Hodfon ano Thomas Gloucr, toljom toe appoint to remaine tbere as 
 agents in pour roome, till further o?oer bee taken : not boubttng but tbat tbrptoiii bfe tbem* 
 felues fo btfcreetelp anb toiftlp in all tbeir ooings, as (ball be to tlje too?(bip anb benefice of this 
 companp. anbastoe baue a goob hope in themthat tbep toill be carefttll, biligeiu ano true in 
 all tljeir boingst fb baue toe no Icfft' Ijopc in all the rettof our feruants tbere, tbat tbcptoill bee 
 not onelp oheoient to tbem(confioering toljat roome tbep be in) but alfo toill be carcfull,paincful, 
 btligent,anbtrueeuerponeinbis roome ano place fo? the benefiteanb p?ofite of tlje companp: 
 ^bat hereafter in tlje abfenre of others tbtp map be calleb anbplaccbintbe like roome tbere 0? 
 tlfetoljere* 3nb if pou fino anp to be ottobeoient anb flttbbo?ne , anb toill not be ruleb; toee toill 
 pouujallfenbbimbomeinourfijippcst toljonjallfinb fticb fmall fauottr ano fricnbujipotinng 
 tbe time tbat be batb to ferue , as b^ bts bifobcciencc anb euill fcrtiice bee Ijatb beferucb. 3nb 
 tobereas Chriftophcr Hodfon batbto?t'ttentocomebome,aspartlpbe bath goob catife, confioe= 
 tingtbeoeatbofbts father ano mother: pet in rcgarb tljat&ir George Barne anb tbe laoie 
 bis toife toere bis Cpecial frienbs in bis abfence.toc boubt not but tljat be toil remain in tbe roome, 
 toljicb toe baue appointcb Ijim.if pou Doe not tarie ano remaiue tljcre,till farther ojber be tafeen 5 
 anb fo? bis feruice anb paines bee (hall be confioereb , as reafon is, as fricnolp as tf bis frienos 
 toere liuing, flihus toe tcud pott toill take fuc!jo?oer tbe one to remaine at tlje Mofco, anb tbe 
 otljer at Colmogro.o? elfetoljere , as mod neebe is. Thomas Alcocke is ocfirousto he in tlje 
 Mofco: neuertbeleaepoufhaUfinbbmireafonabletoferuetoberebemap boemoa goon. Cbe 
 
 6zxtMl$ 
 
 I'lopcoftr.itiE 
 
 10 br ioitliM lit-: 
 
 llniltrr Anionic 
 Jcukuilba 
 
 Stale fltinncs 
 
 (AIDCD. 
 
 gunall cflblea 
 belt bciibibu. 
 
 ■ ■ 
 
 iP.iftsofa!! 
 foitr.toLt jjjs-- 
 parcD. 
 
 Artraesn no 
 great gooB 
 uiarre. 
 
 ChtiRopIinHoi. 
 fon ilnS Thoma 
 Cloutrtippoin» 
 ti'B JCye ins 
 1560. 
 
Stockholme. 
 
 VohnLuckratern 
 
 VI' 
 land*. 
 
 CflfSivilloiv. 
 
 fljritcPhnipaiia 
 
 Marie 
 
 Cfleiefus. 
 
 308 The Englifri Voyages, Let, of the Mofcsompnme, 
 
 62tol)lesl»l)icopouremueoDtlohn boucher toe haue payeo »inH)Cre, ano alfotbe Srobles, 
 to (neb pou recciueo tbe perc before of Chriftopher Rofc.ano tbe mone p to&ith pou recciueo moje 
 of George Burton , fo j irje tobtcb toe rjaus pou ouc cebto js. ^hus toe red, referring; tbattoljkb 
 is bete om i c t co c tb c repcit oftlje tyinger : ano f © o batte pou in fc is keeping. 3lfo toe toe tdo 
 rljatpou fbotilo feno Us in ouc tbippes 200 l;o?fe-clot bes mo?e. ©he things befo je tojitten toee 
 tooulo tbat pcu fljculo let our fcruants fee ano rea ce , to tbe in tent t Ijep map percetue ouc mine es. 
 
 Another letter to the fbrefaid parties. 1 560. 
 
 TlJ)is letter befoje tojttten «st!jcccpieofonefent pou bp Thomas Alcock, truGing thatfcee 
 toas toithpou longlmccXbe * 6 oap of tbe Iatt monctb toe recetuco a Utterfrom bim,oatc» 
 in S cockholme in S weden the 1 4 Bap of aanuarp, ar.o toe pcrceiue bp his letter that bee baa tal« 
 fteotoicb a Dutch man ibammelatelp from tbe Mofco, tobo infojmeo b:m that ourfric-no S^a* 
 fler Antony lenkinfon tons recurneo to tbe Mofco in September laft pafl,but Ijoui farre be Ijao 
 beene,o? tobat be baDDone,hecculo not tell. 9lfobeto?otetbaeoneIohiiLucke ajopntrtoas 
 fomcmLi!" taken bp the licfelancers, anoputtnp?ifon» 9s pet toee haue not bcatn from the fapolohn 
 Luckc , noj fcnoto not tobetber be be rtleafeo out ofpjttCan oj not. Wz ftippofe tbat bp Ijim pou 
 tojotc feme letter tobttb as pet is not come to our banns : fo tbat toe ctjmhe bee 10 pet in pjifoit, 
 t} orhertoife Difpatcbeootitoftbetoap. ©btfifecentboap of December toee ricemcB a letter 
 fromChriHopherHodron,rjateaintbeMofcotbes90fiulp,bptbetojpofDanske: tohicbts 
 in effect a copie of fttcb another recciueo from biminourujippes. gou ujaltmoerlranotbaetoe 
 bauclaoen intbjee poo ftjrppcs of ourstbrfe kino oftoarcs follotoing : to toit, inthe !®toal= 
 lotoe of London, Scatter OnDer ©OD Sccuen Burrow, ^fatoels N° 1 36 bjoao fljO?t clotkes, 
 ano fottrefaroela N°58 HampfhirciSerfieB: anD2jpipesofbailarDsaiiOfcckcs,ano 2<5jpie* 
 ccs of raiftns anD 4rjogf0eos N° 1 54 pieces of rottno petotcr,ano ten bogibeDsaiiD ponebcons of 
 $unes,amj one ojpfatte tottb 9tmonos. 9no in tbe Philip ano Marie , jailer oncer ©ao Tho- 
 mas Wade, 2 y faroelsN° 100 bjoao clothes , ano tl;?ce faroels N° 42 Hampfhire RrrGes, 
 ano thtrtte pipes of feches ano bafiaros, ano 1 00 pieces of raiQitB. ano in tbe Iefus of London, 
 Spatter bnoce©oD Arthur Pctte, 10 faroels N°40 bjsoane (hojte clothes , ano ttocntpfeucn 
 pipes of baflaros ano feches, as bp tbe 31nuoiccs faeretottlj inclofeo map appearc : 8lfo pou (ball 
 receitte fttehneccffariesaBpouDiDtojite to bee fentfoi the rope matters : milling tbat poufrjall 
 fcaue better fueceffe toitbtbemtobicljpou (bail ft nous mthefelhips, tbentoitbtbe rcfltobicfj 
 potUjauefencbs pet: fojtoeas pet hauefolo noneoftbem, 9nt> tofcereas toe tojote onto pou ut 
 ouc former letter, that toe tooulo feno pou a bunojeo curates of fait:, bp reafon it is fo Deare here 
 toeooefenb pou but nine tunnes ano a balfe, foj it coft here ten pence tbe buihell tlje fird peine : 
 nnmelpm tbe Swallow 6 tunnes ano a balfe, in tbe Philip ano Marie onetunneano a balfe, 
 anointbelefusonetunneanttabalfe. ^be4faogll)eD8ofrounDpeteter goemtbe Swallow ano 
 in tbe Philip ano Marie N° 1 J4p:eces, as is afojefaio.fdefenD pou tbjeefbips.truttinp; tbat pcu 
 Ijaue p?ottioeo acco?oing to our fojmer to?iting gooo flo?e of laoing fo? them. 31f pee batie moje 
 mates t ijen toill laoe tlje lhips s Iet it be %\mt oples tbat pou Icauc bebinoe : tbe p?ice is not here 
 fo gooo as it toas : it is too^tb bere 9 po««o the tunne.CcUe tbinke it goco pou fijoulo let tbefmai* 
 ler fljtp b^tng as mucb of tbe cratne as (he can carp : 9no tbat tbe matters of tbe (hips 00 Ioobe turi 
 totberomagjng,fo?tbepmtgbtb?mgatoapagreatoefllemo?etbentbepooe,tftbeptoouU)take 
 paine in tbe romagtng : ano bettotoethetratne bp it fclfe, ano tbe toare ano tallotoe bp it felfe : 
 fo^tbeleakageoftbetraineootbfotoletbeotbertoartBmucb. 3gfoj Allardtbefkinner, tfpou 
 thinkcgooo.bemap come borne in thefeihippes. <HBc haue no Ooubtbut that pou HcmieLane, 
 if pou minoc to come bomenoto tn tbefe trjtps as pcu requeCeo, toilUeaue fttcb gooo o?oer tljere 
 toit!) our feruants as (ball bee fo? our moll pjofitc ano tbeir preferment, if tbcpooe ttjeic 
 Oucties oiligentlp ano truclp. 3f our fricno jailer Aatonie lenkinfon bee rcturneo , ano 
 meane to come atoap in thefe ujips to Declare Ijis mino ano opinion of bis trauatle, if neeo require 
 ano be be fo minoeo be map returne tbitber bp lano ano be c litre bp tbe Gne of Uanuarie t% be fo?r . 
 15uc as toe be bncettame tobetber be be returnee oj not : fo toe knoto not tobat be hatlj ocne,no? 
 tobat benefite map rife hereafter of bis trauatle, Cberefojem tbis toee remit tt to b«s ano 
 pour gooo otferettons, ^lee fenopou Thomas Hawtreytobtcbis ourferuantfo? peeres:our 
 mint e is be fijoulo be placeo , tobere be map Doe bell feruice. 
 
 9lfo toe fenopou Nicholas Chancelour to remntnetbere,tol)Ots our apprentice fojpeercs: 
 otrrminoeisbeefboulobefet aboutfucbbuBneireasbeismoQficfor: bebatb been keptac tou- 
 ting feboole long : be bath bis SUgojifmc, ano batb bnoerttanotng of beeping of brokes of rrcko» 
 nings, ©Hefcno pounoto but 100 KetfieurbutagainG tbt nettpfere,if occaBonferue,toee toill 
 
 feno 
 
 N!cho1asChu>i 
 scipur. 
 
 I 
 
■STticfaif of 
 
 Rufliaisiiotfo 
 qooDas23ap 
 fatte. 
 
 .-PorcftinntS 
 UJlitrc,Wjcftr, 
 flub ruffct Ikii* 
 
 tuuU HI England 
 
 fujlice by lots in 'Rw^.TraffiqueSjandDifcoueries. 300 
 
 fmDpouagceatcrquantitie.accopmgaapouiljdlaoutreUst^DneoftljeyiptsofrtckcBtljcUisin 
 
 tbe&toalloto.tobieb bat!) 2 ratttto compaffes upon tbe.bung,is to be p icfcnteo to tbe Cmpercttr: 
 
 foj itisfpectal gooD^lje ncte toaigbt of tlje 1 o ptmcljeons of p nines 104300. 2 tfjivcs 1 peunD, 
 
 31tt0tDHCtcnparticnIacIp upoiulje ljeaoofcucrppunct>eou:anrj tlje netelucigl;tof tljc fattcof al- 
 
 motiDSts 500 It, ttooquarters. CljeraifirDS^uticB.antialnicnOEjJoutocrebctttoDifpfitcba- 
 
 toap at a reafonablc piice,anb pjtncipallp tlje raiGns. fo? in keeping ot'i ijem mill be great lofie in 
 
 tbe toaigbt, ano tbe fruit toillbccap. 3Ue tbinke it gooo ujatpoupjouitie againUtlje nertpecre 
 
 fo? trjc cominmg of our fljippes 20 0? 3 o bttllockes ktlleD ano faltcb, fo? beef f is ucrp be<ire bcre. 
 
 <&berefo?epou were bet! to faue feme of tijis fait tljat toe DocftiiD pou in tbefe fijips foj tbc pur= 
 
 jpafe. %\)t falte oftbat countrep is not fo gooo. 31n tljt's poumap taketlje opinion of tljcmaflers 
 
 oftbeftjtppes. jforefkius,tobitc,blacke,ano ruffcttoill bebenbibleljcre.. 3L.belaftpcrepou.fcnt 
 
 none ; but trjerc lucre mariners tljat bo ugljtmanp. 3lfanpoftbe mariners Doe blip anpmflmg 
 
 furres 0? otljer commooities,toe Ml ttjep ftjall be regiffreo in our purlers bookes , to tbe intent 
 
 toe map knom Mjat tbep be. We Be fire to knoto boto trje Cmpcrour toefce ttjc letter tobiclj toe 
 
 fent in our Grips, as an anftocre to tlje letter tljat came in bis name ann bnber bts fealc fo? 'tlje Jftw *• ijtfo, 
 
 fire tljoufatio nailers, ©bus toee refl, committing pou to ©on , from. London tljc.fift Dap_of 
 
 flpap 1560. 
 
 tfo? lackeoftimetbe gotternours bme net firmcotln's letter: toljicljis tbecopieoftbecitbcr 
 ttoo letters fitmcobptbem. 
 
 Yours, William Mericke, 
 Yours, Blafe Sanders. 
 
 The maner of luftice by lots in fltufik i written by Mafter Henrie 
 Lane, and executed in a controuerfie betweene him and one SherayCojlro- 
 
 mitt key 1 n (JMo/co. 1 5 60 . 
 
 Ajf ter tlje camming borne into Ruffia of Iofeph Napca tlje firfli ambaffaocur to EUtecne 
 Marie, 33 remaining tlje 9genttbere,ftmD?ie Ruffian marcbantsbplofephsp?ocuremenc 
 obtaineo letters from tljc<£mperour to freight gooDSanbpaffein ourfljips fo? England : tobictj 
 tbing upon gooo confioeration 31 anftoereo ano refufeu. 'S.ljep toere tljen o?iuen to crcbitc bs ann 
 compotmo m balue bntill tbe nert rcturnc, 3t toljicb ttme,nottoitbttanoing gooo attempt f n tlje 
 balueof 600 roblcs,tberegtctoequeftionbp tbeir Double oemano, Sboin 3p?il Anno 1 560. 
 before mp comming from Motcouia, tbcp obtaineb trial bp combat c? letter to bane tljcir fumme 
 Double, o», as 31 p?offereo tfoorobles. 5f 0? combatte 31 toas p?ottioeb of s fining roilling€ngItuj= 
 man, Robert Belt, one of tbe companies fcruants : tobomc tljeEulfes toitlj tbeir Cljampion rc- 
 fufeo. gjoebattuc ban tbe toojos of our pn'uilcoge put in effect, tobt'eb toere to D?ato lots, ^e 
 Dapano maner of triall appointed bp tlje CmperottrattjiS cattle uiljis palace anb bigb Court of 
 Mofcouktoastijus. Clje €mperours ttocrlErcafurers, being alfo Cbancelours anccbicfe 
 3trogeS,face in court.^ljep appointeo officers to tying me,mine interpreter^ tbeotber,tb jougb 
 tlje great pjefTe toitljin tbe raple 0? barre,ano pcrmstteome to fit ootone feme otfiance from tljem: 
 tbe aouerfe parties being toitljout at tbe barre. TSotlj parties toere firfi perftoabebtoitlj great 
 ctirtcfie,totoit, a to enlarge mine offer, ano tbe Hufies to mitigate tbeir cballenge. ji3ottcitb ! 
 fianoing tbat 31 p?oteflco mp confeience to be cleere, ano tbeir game bp accompt to bee fufft'etent, 
 petofgcntlenesattbemagittrates requett 31 maoe proffer of iooroblcsmoje: toljicljtoas a* 
 penlpcommenoca , butoftljeplatntifes notacceptcu. ©jen fentence palfe* toitb our names in 
 ttoo equallballcs of toarcmaoe aneboloen bp bp tbe3!ubges,tbeir fieeucs Crippeo bp. ^Ijcn 
 toitb flanbing bp anb toiling tocll to tbe trttctlj attributcb to bim tljat fboulD be firtl b?atocn , b? 
 botb confents among tlje multitube tbep callen a tall gentleman, faping: "Eljott toitlj fucb a coate 
 0} cap, come bp: toljereroome toitlj fpeeoetoasmaoe. ^etoascommanoeotobolD bin cappe, 
 toberein tbep put tlje balles,bp tlje crotone bpngbt in figbt,bis arme not abafing. GSSLith. like cir= 
 cumfpectt'on, trjcp calico at aoucnture anotljertall gemleman, commanbing Ijimtoflripbpljig- 
 rigljt fleeue,ano totllee bim toitlj bis bare arme to reacb bp , anb in (Sobs name feucrallp to take 
 out tbe ttoo ballcs : tobiclj be bib,beliuering to cinjer 3iuDge one. 'Ebcn toitb great aomtration 
 tbe lotte in ball firff taken out toas mine: tobicbtoas bp open fentence fop?onounceo before all 
 tbe pcopIe,anb to be tbe rigbtano true parte, ^tbecljiefeplaintifcs name toas Sheray Coftro- 
 mitsky. 31 toas toillcb fojtljtoitb to pap tbe plaintifes tbe fumme bp me appointeo. £Dut of tobiclj 
 fo? tbeir tojongo?rtnne,asittoaBtermeb,tbeppapbtenne in tbe Ijunojebto tlje <£mueroj, S^a= 
 npDapesafter,astbeirmaneris,tbe people tookcournattonto be true ann bpn'g!;t Dealers, ano 
 talkeo of tbis tuDgcment to our great creDite; 
 
 A 
 
 •grrtfiti fap roirf* 
 
 tat ai lot. 
 
}fo 
 
 TheEnglifli Voyages, M.Anth.lenlynfon. 
 
 3«ne. 
 
 Note. The former letters dated 1558,15 5<? ? and 1560, ftiould 
 allfoUovpeAd. lenkinfons voyage to Boghar. 
 
 The firft voyage made by Matter jfnthome Ienkinfortj from 
 the Citie of London toward the land of Rajs'ia ) bcgua 
 the twelfth of May,in the yeere I557. 
 
 Jttt bp tl)C grace of ©atM &e Dap anD peere aboue menttc net) , J DepartcDTrcm 
 
 §| the fapDCiiie,anD the fame nap at Grauefcnd embarkeb mp felfc ta a goon 
 fl^^ejnaniPtitljePrimetofejba'ngappotnteo.altljougbljnluo^bp.x^eftcajj' 
 taine oftbcfamejanD alfo of the other i gooD fbips.tb fap,the Iohn Euangdilr, 
 tbeAnne,anDtlje7rinkic,bautngaIf0the conDuctoftOeCmperoiirofRuf- 
 
 fia biSambaiTdDDur ttamtD OfepNepeaGregoriwich, totO paffiDtoitfjhiS 
 companptntljefapuePiimctofe. SinD tbusourfourctallfin'pptsbeing tocll appointee, af&ell 
 fajmrnastoctuals as other ncceffarie furniture, the faioe itotrfcbDapoftbenioiiftbofSpap, 
 laic torpcD our ankers , anDDepartcD from the fame Grauefcnd, intbc after ncone , ano piping 
 Dotone the ^hames.tbe toinD being <£aflerlp, anDfapjetoeatber, the 1 3 cap toe came a grcumj 
 toith tlje Primerofe,t)pon a fano calko the blacke tatle, tohere toe fate fjvT bntilltbc i4Dapin 
 the moming,anD then (Sou be p?apfco,uje came off : anD that Dap toe pfpco Dotore as farre as our 
 JLaoie of Holland, anD there came to ananker, the touurbetng Cafferlp, ^ there rcmapncD bntill 
 the ao Dap : then toe toepeD aim toent out at Goldmore gate, ano from tljcnce m at Bailey HaDe, 
 ano fo into OrweltoanDs.toljcre toe came to an anker: but as toecamcoutatthcfapD Golde- 
 more gate, tlje Trinitie came on grounD on certaine rockcs,that Ipc to thc33o?tljtoatD of trjefam 
 gate.ano toas like to be bilgco anD loff* 9M bptbc aice of (Soo^t tlje Istt (he came offagaine , be- 
 ing uerplcake: anD tlje 21 Dap the Primeroi'e remaining at an ankerin thctoanos, the other 
 i h?ee fbippes bare into Orwel bauen.tobcre 31 caufeD the fapo Trinitie to be grounDeb, fearctjCD, 
 ano rcpaircD, &o toe remapneD in the fatD hauen , bnttll the 2 8 cap : anD the n the toince being 
 <HJetterlp,tbcth?ee (bippes that toere in the bauen,tocpcD anD came tojtb, ann incommtngfo?t(j 
 thelohnEnangeliftcameongrounDtiponafanDjCaKeDtheAndros^totjerefhereniatntDcnetiDe, 
 anD the nert full fea the came off againe toitbowt anp great hurt,(SoD be piaifeti, 
 
 •&be 29 Dap in the morning all foure fbtps toeieD tn t!;e GHanDS,anD that tiee toent as farre as 
 
 ■ Oifordnefle.tobcrc toe came to an aitket,becaufe the toinu toas jflcrtljerlp: Sno about Gre of the 
 
 clock at nigbt,tbe toinD ucreD to the <S>otttljtoetr,anD toe toepeD anker,ano bare clcerc of the neffe, 
 
 anD then fct our tourfetftojtheaff $bp.lfto«h bntill miDnigbt, bung then clearc ofYarmoutli 
 
 fauDB, ChentoctoinoeDjISojtb anDbp <KHeu\ anD Jftojtbnojtbtoelf, Dntili thefirtt ofjuneac 
 
 neone,tben it toareD caIme,ano continueD fo bntill the feccnD Dap at noone : then the toinDe came 
 
 at j3o?tbtoelf, toith a tempefi,ano niucrj raiur, ami toe lap clofe bp,anD capes jftojtbnonheaffjanD 
 
 315o?theaC ano bp jj3o?th, as the tot'nDe fl)ifteD,anD fo continueo bniill tlje tbirD Dap at noone: then 
 
 tljetoinDDercD flUeflerlp againe.anotoc &ientji2ojtb our right courfe,anDfo continueo our toap 
 
 bntill the fourth Dap ,at th?f c of the clocke in tbeaftemoone, at tobicb time the toinD Dcreo to the 
 
 jftoithtoett againe anoblcto aftefij gale, ano foconttnucDUntill the fcucnthDapmtbe morning, 
 
 toe Iping toith all our fhipprs clofe bp,anD caping to the .tfloithtoaros : anD then the toinD Dering 
 
 jwoic jl'ioitherlp, toe toerc fo?ceD to put roomer toith ibe foaft of England againe , ano fell ouet* 
 
 tljtoart petocattlc,but toent not into tlje batten, 9 fo plieD bpon the coaff tljeeigbt Dap 9 tlje ninth. 
 
 ^he tenth Dap the toinoe came to the !i5ojtbno?thtocff,f toe toere fojceD to beare roomer toith 
 
 FlamborowbcaD,tobcretoccametoananftcr, ano there rcmaineDtntill tljcfeutnteenthDap* 
 
 'Eljen the toinoecame faire,anD toe toepeD, anD fet ourcourfe 5^o?tIj anD bp Sail, ano fo continu» 
 
 CD the fame toith a merptoinoebntill the 2 1 at noonc,attobicb time toe tookc the ftinnc,anDbaD 
 
 tbelatituDcinfirtpDegrees, 'Kljen toe ujifteo our courfe,anD toent 5So?thno?tljcaft,anD .tfJcjilj* 
 
 Heiiicki:n,iB8 fattanDbpj^o?tb,Dntflt!]e25Dap,'iZLbentoeDiu:ouer£Dcertainc3lflanDs,callcDHei!ick3lfianD0, 
 
 <n 66 bVgrtco Iping fromus jif2o jttjeattjbetnp; in tbelatituoeof OrtieCrcDegrees,4o minutes, 'Cljcn toe toent 
 
 40 mimitte. nQ ^ av p bp jgjtQ^etaufe toe tooulD not come too n.gh the lanD, anD running that cottrfe foure 
 
 Rofiartonta. hourcBjtoeDifcoHereDjanDhaDfightofRoftSflanDs.ioiningtotljcnipinlanDofFinmarke^buS 
 
 continuing our courfe along the coaftof Nor way anD Finmaik, tlje 27 cap toe tooke the Auntie, 
 
 iseing as farre (hot as Lofoot,anD IjaD the iatituce in 69 Degrees. 9 no the fame Dnp in the after* 
 
 noone appcarco cuer our beaDS a raincboto,Uke a fumcirrU, toith both nibs injtoarcc.tftote irjat 
 
 there 
 
 I 
 
M.Jnth.Ienfyn/bn. TrafRques. > & Difcouenes. 
 
 3" 
 
 tberetSbettoeetttbefaibRoftalianbS $ Lofoot, atobirlepoole calico Malcftrand,tobicij from 
 ijalfe ebbe bntill balfe flooo, maketb fuel) a terrible noife, tbat it Ojakctlj t!je tinges in tlje boo jes m-angctojirie 
 oftbe inhabitants bbufes of tbe fapo attanos temie miles off, 9lfoiftljcre rommcti) anp SZCItjale *" )0le - 
 toitbintlje current of tbe fame,ttjepmakeapitifull crie, Sgo^eoucrjif great trees be carteb into 
 ft bp fo jxe of ttteams,ano after tuttft the ebbe be call out againe,tlje cnos ano bougbs of tljem baue 
 bene fo beaten ,tbat tbep are like tbe fialkes of bempe tljat is bjuifeo. |2ote, tbat all tlje coatte of 
 Finmarke is btgbmoutitamesanb Ijils, being couerco all tlje pere toitb fnoto, anb Ijarbaboojn 
 tlje fljoare oftljis roatt,tljcre is i oo oj i jofaoomes of toater inbeptlj. 'Sbusppccebinganb fai- 
 ling fo?toaro,toefefl toitlj an aflanp calleb Zenam, being intbelatitubeof 70 Degrees, about ztamwws 
 this 3llTanb toe fain manp COljalesjberp moilrou3,about our ttjips.fome bp ettimation of do foot 
 long : amj being tlje tngenojing time tbep roareo ano crieb terriblie. from tljence toe fell toitft M 
 
 an^aanccallCQ Ketrelwicke. K. ^' 
 
 "Ojt's coatt from Roll bnto Lofoot It'etb jJ2o jtfj anb foutb,anb from Lofoot to Zenam jfrojtfc 
 cattannfoutbtoeft,anbfromZenamtoKettelwikeCannojtl)ea{tanDC2Jcflfoutl)toea t jTromtl)e 
 fain Kettel wikctoe failcb Cattano bp J2ojtlj 10 leagues,anDftll toitb alano calleo Inger found, Ingn r uid. 
 toberetoefitheOjbeingbccalmeDjanoteokegreatplEntpofCobg. 3DbuspIptng along tlje coatt, 
 toe fell toitb a Cape,callco tlje Jftojtlj UEape, tobiclj is tije ilSdjtbetmoft lane tljat toe e paffe in our c^e jiojtft 
 i)opagetoS,Nicholas 3 anbism tbelatitubeof 71 oegeees atiD ten minutes, anoisftomlnger *"»'• 
 found Call, anb to tbe J2o jtbtoarns 1 5 leagues. 3no being at tljis 3!3o?tb Cape tbe fecono bap 
 of 3JU.IP, toe Ijab tbe funnc at jftojtfj 4 begrces abotie tlje $)o ji?on. Cfje tljiro bap toee came to 
 Wardhoufe,bauingfucljtmtts that toe coulb not fee tbelauo. ^btsWardhoufe isaCafllettan* wudhoufe. 
 bing in an Jflano 2 miles from tbe mat'ne of Finland, fubiect to tbehing of Denmatke, anb tlje 
 Cattermott lanb ttjat he batrj. Cbere are ttoo otljer jflattbs neere aoiointng unto tljat, tobereon 
 tbe Cattle of Wardhoufe ttanoeth. 'Che inhabitants of tljofc tlj?ec 3!fl anbs Ituc oneip bpfifljmg, 
 anb make mucb ttockeftuj, tobicb tfap &?P toitlj ftott : tbcirmottfecolng isfiujj b?eab anb bjt'nke 
 tljepljauenoHe,butfucbasisb?ougbttbemfromot!jcr places. 'Cljepljaue fmallftojeof cattell, 
 tobtcb are-mTofeo toitb fiuj. from Wardhoufe toe faileo gjoutbfoutljeafl ten leagues, aim fell S^'i 1 ,.!? 6 
 toitbaCapeofIanbcaflcbKegor,tbcj12o?tbermoflpartoftbclanoeofLappia. Snb bettoeene «t)e%otianw 
 Wardhoufe, anb tlje faio Cape is a great Bap, calleb Dommes hafty'it tbe S>otttb part toljercof Kj Pwto! 
 isaSponatterieof^9onkesoitbeRuiTesreIigion,caHeDPechinchow.djUBp?oceebtngfo?toarn 
 ano fapling alongtlje coatt of the fain lann of Lappia,toiiibing <§>outljeatt;,tbc fourth bap though 
 great mitts anoiiarkenes toe lott tbe coirrpanp of tbe otber tbjee fljips, anb met not toitb tbem a* 
 gatne,bnttll tlje feuentlj bap.tobett toefelltottba Cape o?ljeablanb calleb S wetinoz,tobicbt's tbe 
 ent ting into tlje 'Bap of ^.Nicholas, at tbt'S Cape lietb a great ff one , to tbe toljtclj ttje barkes 
 tbat palTcb tljcrebp,tocrc toont to makeoffrtngs of butter,meale,anb otber btccuals,tljmktng tbat 
 toilette tljep bib fo,tbcir barkes j bertels fijoulb tljere pcriu),as it battj bene oftentimes feette: ana 
 tbercitisberpbarkeanbmilite. jiiote tbat tlje firt bap toe paffebbptlje place tobereSnr Hugh Anmarecatiie 
 Willoughbie,tottb all Ijis companp periujeo, toljicb is calleb Arz.ina reca.tljat is to Cap, tbe riucr Hugh wm" &. 
 Arzina, biewasfwtit. 
 
 Cbe lanb of Lappia is an btgh lanb, ^auing fnoto ipingonit commonlpalltbepere. Cljepeo- 
 plc of tbe Countrcp are balfe (Sentiles : tbep liue in tbe fummcr time neere tbe fca fibe, anb bfe 
 to take fiuj,of tlje toljicb tljep make b?eab,ano in tlje toint'er tbep rcmoue bp into tlje countrep into 
 tbe toooos, toljere tljep bfe bunting.anb kill Deere,i5eares, 333oolucs, foj:e0,anD otljer beau's, 
 toitb tobofe fleuj tbep be nouriftjeb, anb toitlj tbetr fktnnes apparellcb in fuclj ftrangc faftjunubat 
 tljere is notljtngfeene of ttjem bare but tljeireics. %\)iv baue none othcrbabitation, but onelp ^'•ggpffl 
 in tents,remouing from place to place,acco?oing to tlje fcafon of tlje pecre. Cljep fenoto no arte ntrotfimaM 
 nojfacultie.butonelpfljoottng.toljtcbtljeperercifeoaplp.astoellmenastoomen, anokillfuclj 
 beattsas ferae tljem foj tbeir foobe. ■5Dbusp?occebmg along tlje coatt from S wetinoz afoj efaio, 
 tbenintljbapof jttlptoeecametoCape C5race,being in tbe iattttibe of 66 Degrees anb 45ml* 
 mttes,anb is at tbe entrt'ng in of tlje Bap of S>.Nicholas, 9boojb tljis lano tbere is 20 0? 30 fa= 
 bomstoater,anbftinD?pgrounDs goooto anker in. 'SljecurrentattbisCaperminetlj g>outIj= ■sretcurrtmat 
 toettanD315o?£ljeatt. from tljis Cape toee pjocecDcb along bntilltoecametoCrotte3!fianD, capecurace. 
 toljtclj is feuen leagues from tbe fapo Cape ©outljtocttt ano from tbis3flano, toee fct oner to 
 tbeotber fioeof tlje TSap, ano toent ^outljtoett,aiibfell toitlj atHjeablanb calleb Foxenofc,tolj:cb ^entering 
 is from tlje fapo 3!flanb 2 5 leagues. Clje entring of tljis Bap frcm Crotte Sttaiio to tlje neerctt &.n;S .°i 
 Janbon tlje otljer ftoe is feuen leagues ouer. f romFoxenofe pjotcebtngfojtoaro tbe ttoelftb fI " cn ! «>8«w 
 bap of tlje fapo triBiietlj cf 3!tilp,all our fottre fljips arritico in fafette at tlje roab of &at'nt Nicho- uX u tfle 
 las fntbe lane of Ruilia, toljere toe ankereD,sno bab failco from London unto tbe fatD roaoe feuen 
 tiunojec anb fiftp leagues. ^Ije Euffian ambattaoour ano Ijis companp toitb great top gstto 
 
pi 
 
 — .— ■ ■', . .'',- ■■ . - - — — ^— —————— , 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M.Antk.Ienkmlom 
 
 JCngiilr. 
 
 Plntgoriiwr. 
 
 ■3I!jc totonc of 
 
 Yemps. 
 
 Vftios. 
 
 onoftlitic 
 JjiaffrtOcs, 
 
 iffioob cBimfctl 
 fottiiiutllers. 
 
 S>4HmStt, 
 
 : 
 
 lho?c,ar.o onr (hips here forthwith Difcljargeo tbcmfelucs j ano being lacen againe , ana Ijauing 
 a faire Mate. cepartco wtoarD England the nrft of Sugtul, ©he tljitD of tljc iaj-c monctfe a 
 Witbctberofmpcompanp came bntotlje citie of Colmogro, being anbuntjeo beetles from tbe 
 tBapofi&amtNichokSjanDintbtlatttuDeof^BcpfesajmtnHteg. 3itarrtc0attbefaiDCoI- 
 mogro ontill trjcfifrrentlj bap : aim then 31 ocyarteo in a little boatc top tbe great titter of Dwina, 
 iDljtcfj tunnctl) bcrp ftuiftlj* , ano the fclfe fame Dap pafftobpthemowbofaviwr calico Pinego, 
 Uaiiino; it on our Icfte rjanofiftecitcuerflesfrom Colmogro, £)n both fioescf the moutbof tin* 
 riuer Pinegois high, lano, great rockes ofaiablafler,grcat Woods, ancljsincapplc trees Iping 
 along tuitbai the gnmno, Which up repo?t bauelien there Gnce Noes flooo. 3no tljus pjeceeoing 
 fojwaro tljc nineteenth oap in tl)c mommg,3l came into a totfh calleo Yemps,an bunDjeoitrfitss 
 from Colmogro. 311 this Voap along thep make muclj tarre , pitch ano-afhes of 9fpcn treed, 
 jfromtfjencc J came to a place calico Vftiug, an ancient citietbe latfoapofSuguB, St tbisci» 
 tk meete two riuecs : the one calico Iug,ano tbe other Sucana,botb tohtch fall into the afojefaio 
 riuerofDwina, ©beriucr lugbatbbis fpjingm tljc lano of the Tartars calleo Cheremizzi, 
 wining to the cottntrep of Permia : ano Succanabath his hcaofrGm a lake not fcrrcfrcm the citie 
 of Vologda. ^Lhusoeparting from Yfliug,anD pairing bp ttje riuer Succana ; mc csmc to a totone 
 calleo To:ma..Qbout this plate tbe Water is bene ujallito , ano Conic, ano trotiblcfcmefo? 
 Marks' ano boats of that countrcp.DBhicbthcpcallNaffadeSjanoDofneckeSjtopafretliattoap: 
 WbereiimarchanBifc are tranfpoittD from tbeafo^efapo Colmogro to the citie of Vologhda, 
 ©befctoullscslleojiMfaoes.are oerplongbuilDco,b?oat!emaDe, ano clofeabcue, flattebot* 
 tomeD 5 anoD?atotiot aboucfourefoote toater, ano null curie two btmcicD t mines: the? haue 
 none iron appertaining to thtmfcut all of timber, ano Wbcntbc minoe fetucth, thep are maoe to 
 faple. ©thaWifc tbeprjauc manpmtn, feme to hale anoojawc bp tie neckesWitlj longfmall 
 ropes maoe fail to the fapo boats, ano tome fet toith long poles, ©here r.remanp of tht fe fcarfejf 
 upon the riuercf Dwina : 9no themoflpart of them belongctb unto the citie of Vologhda : foj 
 there otoell manp marchants,ano thep occupie tljc fato boatcs With carding of faltc frcm the fea 
 CDe onto the fapo Vologhda. ©be twentieth of September 3i came onto Vologhda , fcbirfj 
 is a great citie, ano the tiue r paffctb tb?qugh the miofl of the fame. ©be houfes are builoeo toitfj 
 Woooof jftrre trees , iopneo one With another,ano rotmo without ? the houfes are feure fquare 
 Without aup iron 6} Qone Wojke, ccuereo witl) birch barfers , ano Wooo oner the fame i ©beir 
 CuurcljcsarcallofWooo,tWofo?cu^rppariil),onetobeljeateDfo? SKintcr, ano tbe ether fo? 
 Summer* 
 
 ffin the (oppes of their hcufes thep lapemurli earth, fo?feare of turning: fo? tfcep are fo?e 
 plagtteo With :ftre. ©bis Vologhda is in jy.oegrecSjCleuen minutcs,ano is from Colmogro, 
 iooooerttes. 
 
 &li the Wap 31 neuer came in boufe , but Icogco in the WilDcrncffe , op tbe ritters ftoe , arm 
 carieo p?ouifton fo? tbe wap, QLxto be that Will trauell tljofe Wapejs, mufl carte With bim an bat< 
 cbet,a tinoer bore, ano a kcttlc,to make fire ano feetbemcate,Wbtitlje batljict foj tberetsfmaH 
 fuccottrtrithofeparts;onIelfeit be in toWnes. 
 
 ©be firtt oap of December, 3 oeparteo from Vologhda in pofie in a Seo, as tljc mane r ii ia 
 SUtntcr.^nothcwaptoMofcuaisasfoIloWeth. from Vologhda to CommcUki, ayocrCed, 
 foto Oimor 25 bcrllcs, fo to Tcloycskt 20 OcrttCS , fo to Vre jo tcrftcs, foto Vclhansko 30 
 
 ijcrHes, then to Ycraflaue 3 ooertte?, which Banoeth opon the gr, eat ritier Volga,fo to Rofloue, 
 50 ocrfles, then to Rogarin 3 o oerfieB, foto Peraflaue 1.0 Dcrt|es,Wbicb is a great toWne,ffan* 
 Oiiigharobp a faire lake, tfrom thence to Dowbnay 3ooerGes,fo to Godoroke joberfles.fo 
 toOvvchayjo^erftes, anolatltotbe Morco250ctaes,Ubere3!arriueo tbe firt oap of De- 
 cember, 
 
 ©here are 14PO&0 calico Yannes hetWeene Vologhda atioMofco, bjljtcrj arc accemptett 
 5oouecCesafunDer. 
 
 ©hciooapofDcccmljer3IWasfentfo?totbc€mpero?s Cattle bp tbe fapo (Empcroar, 
 ano ocliucrco mp letters onto the &ecrctarp,Who talkeo wtfb me of oiuers mattcrs.lp the com* 
 manoanxntoftbeCmperour, 9no after tljatmp letters Were tranfiat£0> 3! WasanfWercotbat 
 31 was totlcome,ano that tlje Cmpcrour wo«lo giuc me that 31 oetsreo. 
 
 ©be 25 oap,being tljeoap of the natiuitte,3! tame into the €mpero?s p?efence,ano kilTeo W 
 fjaub, Who fate aloft in a geoolp cljaire of eaate.hauing onhisbeacc n crcWne moft ricblpoec* 
 keo, anoattaffeofgoloin bis bano, allapparellco Witb goloc, ano garntlheoWitbpjcciouS 
 flaucs;, 
 
 ©ijcre fate oifomt from bim about tWo partes b*'s h?otbrr,f no nert tm rim a hep of ttocltte 
 vcaresofaffe,WhoWasinbetitojto^ <£mpctojof Cafan, conquerefcbptbis Cn'percj 8peare« 
 
 paC 
 
 
iA.AnthJmhinfon, Trafiiques,& Difcoueries. m 
 
 patf.&bcn fate bis nobtlitie rounoabout bim,t tcblp appardleo toitb golo ano Ccnr. 9m> After 3 
 bao Done obcifauce to tlje Cmperour,be toitb bis ofcm mout!) calling me bp mp name, 16 aoc me to 
 oinner,ano fo 31 Dcpatteo to nip longing till Dinner time, tobicb toas at Gre of the docke,bp canole 
 
 ^e€mper<jtreDtaeo inafap?egrcatbaH, intljc miofltofcercof toas a pillar futife fquare,' 
 iicrp artificiallp maoe, about tobtcbtoerc Diucrs tables fee, ano at tbe bppctmott part of the ball, 
 fate tbe <£mpcrctur bimfelfc,^ at Ijts table fate bis b?otber,bis fancies fonne, tbe Spetropolttane, 
 tijepoiing^mperoutof Cafan,anDCiuersofl)i0 noble men, all ef one fine. 'Cljere tocrc'oiucrs . 
 i ami)atfaoc?s,$ .other ttranct,crs,as ttjgll Cb?!ftians as heatbens, Dtuctflp apparc!lco,to tb£num» 
 bet of <5oo men , iurjicl) oineoin tlje fepo bail, befiocs 2000 ?£artars,menof marrf .tobtcb mere 
 nctolpfomctorciiDect^cmlxlue9totl;e(!£mperour,gfluereappointeti co ferue fjim in bis tears 
 againfl: t&cjLieflantJets.ljRt cljcp Dineein otljec bale. 31 toasfct ac a litlc table.bauing no Granger 
 .toitb mc,oircctlp before tbe «giupero?s face. 35eing tijus fct anopIaceD, tbe Cmperour fent me 
 Bitters botolcs of toine,ano meape,g- manp Dtfljes of meat from bis oton bano,tobi cl; lucre b?ouglj6 
 me bp a Dttke,ano mp table ferueo all in goto ano Clucr , ano & lifcetotfe on otljer tables, tbere 
 tocrc fct botoles of goto,tet toitb flone,too jc^j bp carnation 400 pounos Gerling one cup,befiDes 
 theplatctobicbferuco tbe tables. 
 
 , %^tu toas ajlfo a Cupbo?o ofpIatc,moft fumptuous ano riclj , tobiclj toas not bfcO : among 
 tljeu>6tcl),lmas apiece of goloe of ttoo parses long, to?ougbttntbetoppctoitbtotoers,ano o?a= 
 £0tisbcaDs,aIfoDtuers barrels ofgoloaBOGlucr, toitb CaQlcs en tbe bungs, ricblp ano artifice 
 allp maoe. ©je <ffimperour ano all the ball tltfougbeut toas feruro toitb Dukes: ans tobenotn* 
 nee toas cnoco.tbe (Emperour calico me bp name,? gaoc me o?infce toitb bis oton IjanD, $ fo 31 oc» 
 ^arteo to mp longing. 
 
 .tflotc, that tohen tbe '£mperour ojtnketb , all tbe companp llano bp , ano at etterp time be 
 B?{nfcetb 0} tatted of aoiGj of raeateijc blcffetb feimfdfe. Spanp other things 31 fatoe that nap, 
 not here noteo. . 
 
 • "£Ijc 4 of 3[anunrp, tobtch bias Stoelftioc toitb cbem,tbe Cmpcrottr, toitb bis b?ot&ct ano all 
 bio nobles, all moftricbip apparelleDtoitbgolD,ptarle6,p?ccioug Cones, ano coGIpfurrcs, toitb, 
 •ficcotottebpon Jjisl)fati,of tbeCartarian fanjion,tocnttotbc£burcbin pjoccfRon,tottbtbe9pe« 
 tropolitan.ano oiuers biG)ops anp p?ieGs. Chat oap 31 toss before tbe Cmpercur again in Ruffe 
 appsreH,auo:ijc<EiriperouKafkctitftbatiDerenot3l,anb bisCbancclo? anftoereopea. 'Chenhe 
 ban me roomier : then came Ije out of tbe cbttrcb.anD tocr.t toitb the p?occfftcn bpon tbe riuer, be* 
 in? all frojen.mto thcre2auotng bare beaCeo, toitl; all'gis gobies , tbere toas a bole mace in tbe 
 itc,anD tbe Metropolitan balloteeo tbe iuaterioiti) great folemnitie ano feruice, anbDin cafioE 
 <befapb lnatcrbpentbe<£niperojs fonne ano tbe j!5obiUtp. Cbat none, tl;e people toitb great 
 tbjongingfiilcti pots oftbeto boater to cat ie borne to tbetr bcuCeg, ano oiuers cbilojentocre 
 tbpbacn ui.ano Gene pcoplcano pluckeo out qutcfclp agatnc, ano oiuers Tartars cbjittcneo : all 
 toljicb tbe €mpcrour bebelo. 3lfo tbere toere bwugbttbe Cmperouts belrbo;fes,to Djink at tlje 
 (apo ballolocoiaater. 3lttliisbemgenoeo,be rcturneo to bis palace agalne, ano toent to oinncc 
 bpcanoleligbti^&^tciiiaiuooooenhoufe, berp fairelp gilt. Cbcreotneo in tbe place, abotte 
 300 grange r s,ano 31 fate aloneas 31 tiio bcfo?c,oircctlpbcfoje tijc Smpcrour, anol;ao mpmcat, 
 bjeao aua~o?iirt?efcutme from tbcCmpcrottr. 
 
 VLty cttie of Mofco is peat,tbc boufes fa? ttje moffpart of tuooo,ano fome of flonc,tottb torn* 
 BobJeaofp?on,tobich ferue fo? fummer timc.^berc are manp fat'te Cburcbcs of i!one,butmo?e 
 of b)30D.U)bicb«rc maoe Ijpt in ibe minter tfmeXbe <£mpcro?slooging is in a faire ano large ca« 
 Cle, toalleofoure fquare of b?icfec,btgb,ano cbicl?e,IItuatcD bpon a bill, 2 miles about, ano tljc ri- 
 uer on the] ^ontljliJelSSDe of it;auo it batlj 1 6 gates in tbe baalles , ? as manp bulwarks. lj)is pa» 
 lace it feparateo from tbe reft oft be Caftle,bp a long toall going nojttj ano fcwtb,to t be r jucr fioe. 
 3;n bis palace areClm^cbcs, fome of ftone ano fome of boooo , toitb touno tctoers fatrelp giloeo. 
 3ln tbe Cbuccb doo?cs ano tottbtn tlje Cburcbes arc imsges of goloe : tbe cb>cfe markets fo? all 
 tbings.arc toitljin tbe fapoCaGIc ) anofo?fun^?ptl)iRgsfunD?p markets, ano eucrpfcicenccbp it 
 ftlfr. 4no in tbe tointcr tbere isa great market toitbout tbe caGle,bpcntbe riuer beingfro^en, 
 auo tbercisfolo co?nc,earil)at pots.tuliSjdeDs^c.Clje caflle is in circuit 2900 pafes. 
 
 ®be countrcp iafulofniariUi grouno,'? plaiue,intoooos anoriucrs abunoant, btititb?fngct& 
 fo?tbgoooplentp ofcojnc. t&fyisfZmymutisot great potoer:fo?bebatbconqucreomucb,as; , 
 toeltif tbe lieflanDers,^olcs,Lettoe0,ano ^>toctbens,as alfo of tbe 'E.artars,^ 05cntiles,caIIcti 
 SamGcos, batting tberebp mitcb inlargco bis Dominions, l^e fecepctb Ijts people in great fubtcc- 
 tion t all matters paffe bisiuDgemcnt,bc tljcp neuer fo fmall.^be lato is fbnrpe fo? all offenorrs. 
 ©hs Metropolitan ocalctb in matters of religion, as himfelfe lifictb, tobome tlje «Emperonc 
 
 
 Do 
 
 grcatlp 
 
The Englifh Voyages, M.rfnthJtnkinfom 
 
 greatlpbono?eth.'£bep bfe tlje ceremonies,an» ojoers of tbe ©reeke Cljurcb.'STbr ptoojujip ma« 
 up images painteo ontabIes,anofpeciallptbeimageof ©.Nicholas, •Clieir ^uftsbemarieB, 
 buttbeirtohtes being oeao,tbepmap not marie tbe fecono time,ara fo bectme Jgonkrs, toljercof 
 tbere area great number in tbe Iano, 
 
 Cljcpbauc foure tents in tbeptere, a no tbetocekc befye &bjofttioe , tfcep call tbe Gutter 
 toeeke^c. 
 
 ■Cbep baue manp fijjtess of meats ano oimkes.toben tljep banket ana oelfgbt in eating of grcue 
 mcates, anoflinktng fiQ;e.15efoje tbep ojinke tfjep tife to blotoe in tbe tup : tbeir greatett fneno* 
 fljip is in o jinking : tbep are great talkers ano lpcrs,toit bout anp faitb o? truQ in t licit too?Ds,flat* 
 tercrs ano oiffemblersXbe toomen be tbere berp obeoient to tbeir buf bancs,? are kept ftratgbtlp 
 from going abjoao,but at fomefeafons, 
 
 9t mpbtingtbere,31bearo of men ano toomen tbatojunke atoap tbet'r c!;iIo?cn , anoalltbeir 
 gooos at tbe <Empero?s tauerae, ano not being able to pap, ijauing impauneo btmfelfe , tbe %* 
 uemer b jingetlj bim out to tbe btgb toap,ano beates bim bpon tbe Icggcs : tben t bep ttjat pafle bp, 
 kno to mg tlje c a tifc ,ano Ijautng pe t aouen t are compaction bpon bim, giue tbe monep, ano fo be it 
 ranfbmeo. 
 
 3n eucrp gooo totone tbere is a ojtmfecn Caucrne calico a Curfrmap, tobicb tbe Cmptrour 
 fometime tettetlj out to farmer fometimes be Comet b fo? aprarc o) tlao on feme tube o? gentle* 
 uian,in recompenfe of bis feruice : ano fo?, crjat time be is lo jo of all tbe totone, robbing ano fpot'« 
 ling,ano ooing litjat pleafetbbtm : ano tben be being grotocn ricb.is taken bp tbe €mpero?,ano 
 Tent to tbe toarres agaiuc,tobcrc be (bail fpeno ail tljat tobicb be batl) gettrn bp tllmeancs : fo ttjat 
 tbe <£mperottr in bis toarres is little cbargeo.but all tbe burotn iittb bpon tbe tooje people. 
 
 'SLbrp bfe fades maoe of toooo 9 finetoes, tomb tbe tree giioeo toulj oemaf fcc toojtu ,$ ttjefeae 
 couereo toitb clotb,fometimes of goloe,ano tbe reft Sapbian Irattjer.U'cH fiitcbiO.'E bf P fcfe little 
 bjummes at tbeir faole botoes,bp tbe fotmo tobcrcof tbeir bojfrs bfe to 1 unne mo je ftotf tip. 
 
 Che Ruffe is apparellcD in tbts matter: bis upper garment is of clotlj tfgolcf.fsiiiccjclctb, 
 long.ootone to tbe foot,ano buttoneo tottb great buttons of filurr ,0 ? els laces of filite, fet on kith 
 bjoocbes, tbe fleeues tbereof berp long, tobicb be toearetb onbtSarroe,rurTeobp. ttnorrtbatjjc 
 Ijatbanotberlonggarmentjbuttoneo tottb fflke buttons, toitbabigb roller flanotngbpof feme 
 tolour.ano tbat garment is maoe ftraigbt.tS.ben bis fijirt is berp fine,ano tojcucjrjt tottb ko filk, 
 oifome golo.toitb a toiler of pcatlc.sanoer Ijts (birt be batb linnen b?eecbes,bpon bis legs,a paire 
 ofbofetoitboutfeete,anobisbootesofreoo?pellotoleatber. J3Dn bis bcaobee toearetb a tobrte 
 Colepecke,tottb buttons of ftlucr,goIo,pearle,o j ft one,ano bnoer it a blacke jf ore rap, tttrreo bp 
 berpbioao, 
 
 Ktljenbe rtoetbonljojfebacketotbetoarres,o?anpiottrnep, be batb a ftoojoof tbe ^tirktu) 
 faftjion.ano bis botoe ano arrotoes of tbe fame maner. 3n tlje totone be toearetb no toeapon,bttt 
 onelp ttoo 0) tb?cepaire of kniues.bauingtbe bafts of tbe tootb of a fifij, calico tbe 9po?fe. 
 
 3in tbe flBinter time* tbe people trauell toitb fleos,tn totone ano countrep, tbetoapbcinj 
 baro,ano fmootb tottb fnoto t tbe toattrs ano riuers are all frozen, ano one bo?fe toitb a ileo , totll 
 o?ato a manbpen it 400 miles,in tljjce oates : but in tbe Summer time, tbetoap is oeepe toitfr 
 mire,«notrauclIing is berp ill, 
 
 ^be Ruffe, if be be a man of anp abilitie,neuer goetb out of bis boufe in tbe tointer, but upon 
 bis fieb.ano in Rummer fcpon bis bo jfc : ano in bis fleo be fits bpon a carpet , 0? a tobite V cares 
 f kinne : tbe to is o?atoen toitb a bo?fe toell oetkeo.toitb manp jFores ano 22JooIues tatles at b«* 
 neckc,? is conoucteo bp a litlebop bpon bis backe : bis fcrttant s flano bpon tbe taile of tbe flcD ?c. 
 
 The voyage, wherein Ofep Napea the Mofcouite AmbaH. 
 fadour returned home into his countrey 3 with his entertainement 
 
 at his airiuall,at Colmogro: and a large defcription of the 
 njaners of ihe Countrey, 
 
 ij?e ttoelftb ofSpape, in tbe pcare of our io?oe 1577 tbere Departro from 
 Grauetend , foure gooo fijippcs toell appointeo fcj Sgarcljants , tobicb toere 
 v pjetemlpbounointo tbe TSape of fe>, Nicholas inRuffia : toitb tobicb fljtppeii 
 ^s ttastranfpo?teo,o?carieobomejOncOfcpGregoriwich Napea, tobotoas fent 
 ^S^eu*engerfromtbe€mpcrouranogreatDukeofMofcouia, ©bffowefljtpU - 
 toere tbefe, tobofe names folloto, viz, 
 
 %\$ Primerofe aomtrall. 
 CbelohnEuangeliftaiceaomiralJ, 
 
'Defcriptionof^RuJfia. Traifiques,andDifcoueries. 315 
 
 <CrjC Anne ano tbe Tnmtie SttenDantS, 
 
 %\it 1 3 of 3! ttlp,tlje fojefapo foure fijippes came to an ankc r m tbe T?ape of ^.Nicholas, to* 
 fojanSlbbep, calico tlje abbcp of g>.Nicholas , tobereastljc fapDcS^circnger,Ofcp Gregori- 
 wkhNapcatoentafljoare.anDas manpffingluljmcnas cametofertie the iSntpcrour remai- 
 ns toitb Ijtm at tlje 2bbep foj tije fpace office Dates, vmtill lje Ijao gotten all Ijip tbings a fljoare, 
 anDlaoenthcfameinbarkes, togocuptlje riuerDwina,unto Vologhda, tobicb tsbptoaccr 
 iooouerlles,at«jntetpuerftetsabouttlj?eequaiterjeiofanCnglia)mil?. 
 
 ®hc 20 of3ulp,tocDeparteB from ^.Nicholas, ano tbe 34 oftbeftme, toe came to Col- $>j«frms uks 
 mogro,tobcre toe rcmainco cigbt Dates : ano the fapo Sgteflimger toas tljcre of all Ijis acquaint '£$".,% %lft 
 tancetoelcommco borne, anBljaDpjcfents innumerable fent untoljim, but it toas nothing but pnttfuictii- 
 nieate anDBjinke, s&omefent tobite bjeaB,fome rte b?eaD,am> fomc buttcrcD b?cao f pancakes, flls - 
 bcefejmiitton.baconjeggcs^uttec.fifljcg/mannes.gecfejDiiCRCSjbcnnegjanDallmanccofttctu^ 
 als,botb fi(b ann fleSj.in tlje bctt maner,tijat the rune people coulo Deuife : fo? among tljem, tbefe 
 pjefems arebigWp elleemen. 
 
 ©beaoofSlulp.toeDeparteDfromColmogro, ant t&c 14 of augttKtoc came to Vfliug, 
 tobere toe rcmaineo one Dap,anB changes our barkes o? boates. 
 
 %ty 27 of'3tigu3,toecameto Vologhda, tobcrctoercm<uneti4DaiciBbnI?.Bingtbebarfetg, 
 ano laoing out cljeites aitB tljings in fmall toaggons , toitb one ljo?& in a piece , tobicb in tbeie 
 tongue arc calico Telegos.ano toitb tljefe Tclegoes tfeep carieD our ftuffc from Vologh da Unto 
 tbcMofco, tobicb is joouerfies : ano toe toere upon tlje fame toap 1 4 o t ii«g : foj ujc toent nc fa* 
 
 Cectbentbe Tclegoes. 
 
 ©here are tb?ce great totoncs bcttoecne tbcMofco ana Vologhda, tbatis to fap.Ycrafiaue, 
 Roftaue.fPereflauc.illpononefiOeofYeraflaueruimctbafflinouPriucr.tobicbiBrfiHfDVolga. 
 3t rttnnetl>iittotbeCafpianCea,ant!itDcmD£tbtt felfebcfojc itccme into tl-eMareCafpium, <qtentfebf 
 in 50 parts oj. mojc.ano neere unto tbe famefea tljece ttanos a great ©tie,callcB Boghar,tije in- - Eos,,a '• 
 habitant? of tlje tobicb are calico bp tlje fame name. 
 
 ^Ije people of cbcfaio Citie Doe traffiquetinto tbe Cine of Mofco: theitcommcBitfcs are 
 fpices,mufke, ambergrecfe,rttbarbe,toitb otljer omgs.^bep bjing alfo manp f urrcs toljtch tljep 
 bup in Siberia comming totoaros tbe Mofcoubc fapo people ate of tlje feet of Mahomet. 
 
 %\)t 1 2 of September toe came unto tbe citie of Molco, tobecc toe toere brought bp Napea, ^Moi^ 
 ano ttoo of tbe ^mpcrours gentlemen unto alargehoufe,tobcrc euerp one of us bao htg chamber 
 appointco. 
 
 ■Cbe 1 4 of September toctoere commatiBeD to comebnto the Cmpercttt,anDimmeBiatlpaP= 
 teeouwomtningtoe toere bjougbt into bis pjefence, unto tofjom eattj ofUsoiDbis&ttetie acco?* 
 Dinglp,anB kitteD bis rigbt ftano, bis maieffie fitting in bis cbaite of eftate, toitb W crotone on bis 
 beao.ano a ffaffc of golofmiths toojkc in bis left bano toell garnifijeo toitb rtclj sno cofilp Hones: 
 ano toben toe b^o all Rttfeobis bano ano oone our oueties.btsmaicflieOtD Declare bp Ijisinterpje" 
 tec tbat toe tocce all toclcomc bnto bim,anD into bis countrep, 9 tljerupon toillco bs to Dine toiib 
 bim : tbat Dap toe gattc tbanfes onto bis maieflie,anD fo Departeo bDtill tbe Dinner toaS rcaDie, 
 
 JOben Dinner timeappjocb^D^e tocce bjougbt againc into tbe (EmpetottrsDiniug cbRmbcr, 
 to'icre toe toere fet on one fioe of a table tbat Qoooe ouer againfT tbe <£mpcrours table, to tlje cr.a 
 tbat bemtgbt tocl bebolo bs al: ana toben toe came into tbe fojefapo cijambcr,toe founD ttjere rca* 
 Die fct tljefe tables follotoing. 
 
 jFirfl at tlje upper eno of one table tocrefet tbe Cmperottr bis maicfiic.bis bjotber, 9 tbe €m* 
 pctourofCazan, tobicb is pjifoner. about ttooparaeslotoet fatetbc€mperourofCazan bia 
 foraie,being a cljilo of Sue peeves of agcano beneatlj l;im fate tlje molt part ot tlje Cmpcrojs no - 
 blemen. 
 
 a»D at another table neete bnto tbe €mperours table.tljere toas fet a Sponke all alone,tebicfj 
 toas in all points astocllferueDastrje€mpcrour. Sit anotber table fate anotber kino of people 
 calico Chirkafles, tobicb tbe Cmperour cntertainetbfo? menoftoarre to fcrue againflbisene- 
 mijs. ffif tobtcb people ano of tfjeir countrep,31 toill hereafter make mention. 
 
 311 tbe tables afo?efapoe toere coueceD onelp toitb fait ano b?eao,anD after tbat toe bao fittcn a 
 tobile,tlie Cmperour fent Unto euerp one of us a piece of bjeaDjtobicb tocregiuen ano DeliuertB 
 Unto euerp man fcucrallp bp tljefe toOJDS : The Emperour and great Duke giueth the breadthis 
 day, aim in like manner trjjee°?fomt times befoje Dinner toas enacD, befent Unto euerp man 
 
 Dnnke,tobicb toas giuen bp tljefe toO?DS,The Emperour and great D uke gmeth thee to drinke. 
 
 911 tlje tablesafo jefapo toere fcrueo in ucffels of pure ano fine geloe, as tocil bafons ano etot rs, 
 plattcrsjJiOjcsanDfatocctSjasnlfo of great pots, toitlj an innumerable fcjte of fmall Drinking 
 pottcsofDiucrsfaujtons, toljereof a great number toere fet toitb Cone. Sa fojcoaipmeatcs 
 
 ©D 2 3!l;a«e 
 
?«* 
 
 TheEnglifli Voyages, DeJcripi'wnof'Kufiia, 
 
 fp.Standifh 
 
 t>0Ctt>J0fi>J)i' 
 
 iitke. 
 
 3 Ejaue manp times feene better : but fo? change of toines,anD Diuers fojts of meaDs,tt toas Ujob» 
 nerftill: foj there toas not left at anptimefemucbboiDroome on the table, that one cuppemoie 
 might haue bin fet,anb as far 80 31 coulo perceiue,all the refl toere in the like maner ferueu. 
 
 31n the Dinner time there came in fire fingers tobich fiooo in the miott of the cbamber,anD tget'c 
 faces totoaros the Cmpero^toho fang there before Dinner teas t nDeD tbjec fcuerall ttmes,tobofe 
 fangs 0} boices Delighteo our eares litfleoj nothing, 
 
 Che Cmp erour neuer pttttc tb mo jfell of meate in his mouth, but he firfi blefleth it himfelfe,$ 
 in like maner as often as be D jinketb; &>? after bis maner he is berp religious, 9 he etteemMb his 
 religious men abotte hi* noble men, 
 
 Cbis Dinner continueo about the fpace of fine hourcs.tobich being eni>co,anD the tables taken 
 bp,toe came into the mioft of the chamber,tobere toe did reuerence bnto the Cmpcrojs matettie, 
 ano tbenbcDeliuereDbntoeuerponeofbstoitbbisotonhanijsa cup ofmcan, tobich toheneuerp 
 man haDreceiueDanDDjunReaquantitpthereofjtoetoerelicenceDtoDepattjgtfoenDeD that Din» 
 ner. 3tiD be caufe the Cmperour tooulo haue bs to be merp,be fent to our looking the fame Cue* 
 ning thjee barrels of meaoe of fimDjp fo?tes,of the quantitte in all of one bogujeD, 
 
 Che j 6 oap of September the Cmperour fent home bnto out longing foj etterp of bsa Car* 
 tarie bs^fe to rioe from place to place as toe ban occafion, fo? that the firectcs of Mole o are betp 
 fotole anD mtrie in the Summer. 
 
 Che 1 8 of September there toeregiuenbnto mailer Standifli Docto? in iphifick, anD the refl 
 of cur men of our occupatious,ccrtainefurreD gotoncs of b?ancl;cD bcluet anD goto, anD fome of 
 red Dainaf ke,of tobich matter Doctors gotone toas furrcD toitb Sables,anti the red were f urreo 
 feme toith tohiteCrmiue.ano fome toith grap Sqttirel.ano all faccDano cDgeDrouno about toit& 
 blackebeaucr, 
 
 Che i of ©ctober in the morning toe toerc commanbeb to come bnto the Cmpero js court^nn 
 toben toe came thither, toe tocre bioughtbnto theCmperoj bnto tohom toe cio our Duties accoj/ 
 Dmglpitohettipon he toilleo bs to Dine toitb him that Dap,anD fo toith thanks bnto his maieflie,toe 
 oepartcD bntill Dinner t ime,a t tobich time toe came ano founu the tables couereD toith bjeao ano 
 fait as at the firftt 9 after that toe tocre all fet bpon one fine of the table.the- Cmpero js maieilieac 
 coding to his accufiomco maner fent bnto euerp man a piece of bjean bp fome of the JDu&eg 
 tol;ich atteiiDco on his bigbnelTe, 
 
 9no tohereas the 1 4 of September toe toere ferueo in belTcls of golD,toe toere noto ferueo in 
 beffeIsoffiluer,anDpetnotfo abunoantlp as toas the firff cfgolo: thep b?ougbCD?inke bnto the 
 tabic in Hitter boles tobich conteitteD at the lead fire gallons a piece,anD euerie man has a final fil- 
 tier cuppc to o jinke in,9 another to Dip 0} to take his Dnnke out of the great boll totthal! : theDin* 
 ner being enocD,tbe Cmperour gaue bnto etterp one of bs a cup toitb nicaoe, tohicb tohen toe Ijao 
 receiueD,toe gaue thanks ano ocparteD, 
 
 Sg)njeouer,tobcn(uetiertbc€mperojs pleafurc is that anpflraugerlball Dine toith htm, he 
 Doth feiio foj them in the moming,ano toljen the? come before bim,fce toith bis otonc mouth bio* 
 Detb them to Dinner,ans this o?Der he altoaies obferuetb. 
 
 Che 10 of ©ctober the Cmperour gaue bnto Sp.Standifh 70 rubles in monep 5 anD to the refl 
 of our men of occupations 30 rubles apiece, 
 
 Che 3 of l^ouembertoeDineD againe toitb theCmperour,toheretoe toereferueo as before. 
 
 Che 6 of December being S.Nicholas tjap.toetoneD againe at tbcCmperours , foj that is 
 iougtiiiiiictB one of thcpjinetpallfcaRstohich the SpofcouitesholD: toe toere ferueD infiluerbeflelsanDo^ 
 serco in all points as befo?e,anD it toas pafl 7 of the clocke at night befoje Dinner toas cnoeD. 
 
 Che Cmperojsmatclitebfeth euerp peace in the moneth of December, to haue all his ojoi« 
 nance that is in the citie of MofcocaricD into the fielDtohtehistoithoutthe Suburbs of the citie, 
 anD there to haue it plant cd ano bent bpon ttoo houfes of COooD filleD toithin toith earth ' againfl 
 tohiclj ttoo houfes there toere ttoo faire tobite matkes fet bp, at tobich markes thep Difchafgeall 
 their o>Dinance,totheenDc the Cmperour map feetohat his (Sunners can ooe. Chep haue faire 
 o?Dinanceofb?affe of all fb?tes,bafes,fattlcons,minionB,faker6,cuIticrings,cannonB Double ano 
 ropall,bafiIifkes long anD large, t hep haue fire great pieces tobofe ffjo t is a parD of height, tobich 
 (bo t a man map cafilp Bifcerne as thep flee : thep haue alfo a great manp of mooter pieces ? pot 2 
 gtms,ottt of tolnch pieces thep flioote toilofire. 
 
 Che 1 1 of December the Cmpero^s S^aieflie ano all his nobilitp came into the fiefij on hojfe* 
 backc,in mofl gooolp orDer, bauing berp fine Sennets 5 Curkic h. ojfes garmfijeD toith goto $fil- 
 ttcr abunDantlp. Che Cmperojs matellie bauing on Ijim a gotone of rich titttie, 9 a cap of fkarlet 
 on his hcaD,fct not onlp toith pcarles,but alfo toithagreat nmnber ofrich ano coftlp ftonesjljis no< 
 ble men toere all in gotoncs of clotlj of plOjtobicljbtDriDebefoje Ijimin gooD ojoerbp 3.9 ?«W 
 
 before 
 
 ffljfttiuitcE in 
 
 Ruflia. 
 
 % rftfip ret* 
 
 * 
 
Ttefcrip tion of l^u/tia. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 317 
 
 befbjetbcmtbetetoient 5000 barquebufiers.mbtcb ment bp j ano 5 ina rankinberpgoooojoer, 
 eucrp cf tbem carping bis gun bpon bis left (bouloer , ano bis matclj in his right bano, ano in tljis 
 cjDec tbep tnajcijca into tlje fielD tobcr e as t lie fo?c fapo trjoinant e tuas planteo. 
 
 9no befc ?e tbe «£mpero?s maicfitc came into tbe fielo,tbcrc bias a certaine gage maoe of fntall 
 poles liiljtcl) tons a quarter of a mile Ion g.ano about tb jet fcoje partes ft f rem tTjt ffage of poles 
 mete certaine pieces of ice of tino foot tljicke,ano foe foote btglj fee Dp, tubicb ranke of ice mag as 
 long ag tlje ftagc of poles, ano as foone as tlje (Emperojs maiefite came into tlje fielD, tbe barque* 
 bufiers ment bpGn tlje fiage of poles mbcre tbep fecltotbemfclues in ojoer, 9nDmbentbe<£m* 
 petojs maieme luas fetleo tuyere be moulo be,ano mljere tie might fce all tbe ojoinmice ctftbar* 
 gee ana (bat off,the barqttebufiers began to (boot off at tbe bankeof icejasrtbouglj it ban bin jn anp 
 i kirmiuj oj battcl,mbo teafco not ujooting.bntill tbep bao beaten all tbe ice fiat on tbe grotttio. 
 
 after tbe banoguiig,tbcp (bot offtbeit tuilu firebp into tbe atre;tobtcb mag a gooolp fight to be» 
 bolb,3no after tbis,tbep began tooiftbargetljefmalpieces of b?afie,beginningtuitbtbcfmallell 
 ano fo joerlp bigger ano bigger, bntill tbe lair ano biggefl* JEHbrn tbep ban (bot tbem all off,tbep 
 
 began to cbarge tbem agatne, ano fo ujot tbtm al off 3 times after tbe firff ojocr, beginning rnttb 
 tlje fmallcfi.ano enoing mitlj tlje greatett. 9no note tljat before tbep bao enoeo tbeir ftjooting,the 
 aljoufes tbac tljep fljot bnto mere beatenin pieces,* pet tbep mere berpttronglpmaDe of (ffilooB 
 ano filleo luitb cartb,being at tbe lead 3 o feote tbicke, %W trittmpb being ettoeo,tbe <£mperouc 
 oep atteD ano rooe home in tlje fame ojoer tljat be came foojtfc into the ficlo, %\)t ojoinance is oif= 
 chargco euerp peare in tlje monetb of December, acceding to tlje joer before mentsoneo. 
 
 ©n Clj?i£mtas oap me mere all NiUcD to Dine mitlj tbe Cmpero js a&aieftic, mbere fo; b?ean, 
 meat ang o?inke,me lucre fertteo ass at otber times before; but fo? goooip ano ricb plate,mc ncucr 
 fab) the like 0? fo mucb before, t£bere oinco tbat oap in tlje €mpero?s pretence aboue 5 00 ff ram 
 gers,ano tmo Ijunojeo Knifes, ano all tbep mere ferueo in beffelsof golo, ano tbat as mucb as 
 cottlo flauo one bp another bpo tljetables.TSeCDcstljis tljere mere foure cupbo^osgarnifljeo tottfj 
 gooolppIatebotbofgolD^filucr. Among the tobiclj tljere mere 12 barrels of liluer, concerning 
 abouei 2 gallc-ns nptccc,ano at eaclj cno ofeucrp barrclltoerc tfboapcgof fmcgolD: tljig Dinner 
 tontinuco about fire Ijoures. 
 
 €uerp peare bpon tbe 1 2 oav tbep bCe to bleffe a\ fanctific tbe riticr Mofcua, m^tcb runnetb ^B e iw«»tofng 
 tb?ouglj tbecitie of Mofco, after tbtamaner, MoV»T l0f 
 
 £ irft,tljepma!?e a fqttare bole in tlje ice about 3 faooms large euerp map, toljJcb is trimmeo a< 
 bout tbe fioec * ecges toitbmljiteboo?os.'2;benaboutp of tbe cloche tljep come out of tbe c&ttrcl) 
 totti p?ocefiion tobiaros tlje riuer in tljts totte. 
 
 ■ #tra ano fojemoS tljere pecertainepoungmentoitb mare tapers burning, ano one carping 
 a great Iamewe : tljeufollouj certaine banneriS, tben tbe.croffe , tljen tbe images of our iaop , of 
 fe^Nicholas.ano of otljerSiaintSjtobtcb imaged men carie bpon tljcir moaltiers : after tbe ima- 
 gesfolloto certaine pjieffs to tbe number of 100 ojmoje: after tbem tbe spctropolitanetobois 
 leo Ufa: eac two pjiett s,ano after tbe 59e tropol ttan came tbe Cmperour luttlj Ijis ctomne bpon 
 IjisljefiO.anD after bis maieflie all Ijts noblemen ojDerlp, Cbus tbcpfollotoeo tlje pjoctlTion bnto 
 tbe boater,* toben tljep came bnto tlje bolt tbat baas maoe, tbe pjtefts fet tbefelues in ojner rountr 
 about it.Sno at one Gos of tbe fame poolt tljere toas a f caffolo of boo jos maoe, bpon toljtclj ttooo tt 
 fairc cljairc in luljicb tlje S© etropolitan was fet, but tbe €mperour s maiefite ffoob bpon tlje ice. 
 
 aftcrcljistbepMefisbegantofitig.toblefleanotofenfe, anooto tbetr feruice , ano fo bp tljat 
 time tljat tljep baa oone.tlje toater toaB Ijolp, toljtcbbeing fanctifieD, tbe ^ctropolitane tooke a li-^ 
 tie tljereof in bis Ijanos, ano cad it on tlje ffimperour, liRemtfe bpon certaine of tbe Dukes,* tbert 
 tbep returneo againe to the cburcbtuitb tlje p?iefis tbat fate about tbe mater .• but tbat p?eafie tbat 
 tbere toas about tlje mater mben tlje Cmpero^ mas gone, mas mooerful to beljolo,fo?tbire came 
 aboue sooo pots to be filleDoftbat mater: foj tbat^ofcouitembicljljatb no part of tljat mater, 
 tbtnks bimfelfe bnbappp. 
 
 3ns ber p manp ment nakeo into tlje mater,botb men ano memen ano cljilo?en:after tbe pjeafe 
 mas alitle gone,tbe Cmpcrours 31cnnets ano bojfes mere bjougbt toojinke of tbe fame mater, 
 ano Ukemife manp otljer men b jougbt tbeir Ijojfcs tditljer to ojinke,6no bp t ijat means tbep make 
 tljeir bo^fes as bolp as tljcmfelaes. 
 
 911 tbefe ceremonies being enoco,me ment to tbe Cmpcrour to Dinner, mi;crc me mere fcr* 
 uco in bcflelg of Gluer,ano in all otber points as mebao bene befbjetime. 
 
 ■Che JIMea begin tbeir lent aimaies Smeekcs before Rafter : tbefirll mecke tljep eate egg, <CT« autT« 
 milke.tljeefe * butter,ano make great cljeare mitb pancakes ano Otcb otber tbings,onc frienn bt- imf ' 
 Oting aiiotbcc,* from tbe fame feunoap bntil out &b?ofcfunoap tljere are but fem Suffeg fober, 
 but tgep areojunkc oap bp oap , ano it is accompteo fo? no repjocb 0? ffjame amosg tbem. 
 
 Do 5 Zfo 
 
318 The Englifh Voyages, Defer iption of%ufiia. 
 
 Che ncrt toeefee being out ficit toeeke ot Lcnt,o i our ctenfing weeke, beginning out &hjofe« 
 funoap, tbep make ano keepea gteatfaft.3!t is tepojteo,ano the people no bmlp beleeue tbat tbe 
 Spcttopolitan neither eate tb nojojinketb anp manet of thing fo? tlje (pace of feucn capes , ano 
 tbep fap that tbere are manp religious men tobicb ooe the like, 
 
 Che Cmperojs Spaiettie eatetb butonemojfel of bjcao , ano o?inkctb tut one ojaugbtof 
 Ojinke once in tbe Dap Outing tbat toeeke.ano all men that ate ofenp teputatton comenotoutof 
 tbeit boufes outing tbat time, fo that tbe dtectrs ate almoft ooto of companp, fauing a feto pooje 
 folkes tobicb toanoct to ano fro. Cbe otbet CtetoeefeeB chepkccpeaiJtoei>oow:s,but not one of 
 tbem toill eate eitbecbutter,cbeefe,*gB o? milke. W 
 
 ©n palmc funoap tbep baue a toccp folemne p?ec Cifion in tbis manet folloto ing, 
 
 3Fird,tbep b atte a tree of a gooo btgnefle tobicb is maoefafl upon ttoo fleos, as tbougb it lucre 
 grototngtbete,anoitwba»»g«on)itba»ple)j > taifin0,fig8 anDDateB,ano toitb manpotbet fruitBa* 
 bunOantlp.an tbe miod of p fame tree flano 5 bopes in tob it e bell utes, tobicb Gng in tbe tree be« » ,[ 
 
 foje tbe p?oceffton 1 aftet this tbete follotoeo cett aine pong men toitb toarc tapers in tbeit bancs 1 ?!" 
 uutHing#a great lanternc tbat altlje ligbt flioulo not goouttaftcrtbcmfollctoco ttoo toitb long ft 
 
 fanners,* die toitb rouno plates fet bponlong daues: the plates toete of copper betp ful of boles 1 1?" 
 ano tbinttbenfollotoeo 6 catpingpainteo imageabpontbeit Q)oulDers,afeer theimages follotoeo ¥ 
 ccrtamepjleds to tbe numbet of 1 00 0? mo ?e,toitb gooolp bedures,tobcrof 1 o oj 1 2 are of tobfte P 
 oamafke, fet ano imtyooereo touno about toitb fatre ano orient peatles, as great aspeafe, ano a« 1 H* 
 mong t!jem cettainc &apb'res ano otbet Cones. 3ftct tbcm follotoeo tbe one balfeoftbeCmpe* * 
 tours noblemen: tbeneommetbtbeCmpero^Bmaieflieanotbe^ettopoIitanejaftettbismaner, ii* 
 
 jFftd,tbere is a bojfe coutteo toitb tobite linne'n clotbooton to p grouno,bis eares being maoe P 
 long toitb tbe fame clotb like to an afles earcs.Upon tljis bojfe tbe Spetropolitane fittetb fioelong atttl 
 like a tooman: in bis lappe lie tb a faite boohe ,toi tb a ctucifir of ©olofmitbs too?ke bpon tbe cotter, 3d 
 
 tobicb be boloetb fad toitb bis left banc, ano in bis tight hano be batlj a ctoOeofgolo, toitb tobicb * 
 erode be ceafetb not to blefotlje people as he tioeth. • ;>f 
 
 Cbe« ace to tbe numbet of 3 c mentoljicb fpjeno ab joao tbeit gatments before tbe Ijojfe, ano # 
 as fooneas tbe hojfe & pad cucr anp of tljenubep cake tbem bp againeano tun before, ano fpjco *f( 
 tbcm againe,fo tbat tbe bo jfe ootb altoap go on Gome of tbem, Cbep tobicb fpjeo tbe garments are W 
 all p?tetrs fonnes.ano fo; tbeit labours tbe Cmpet out giuctbbnto tbem neto garments. $01 
 
 mt emvttei ® ne of the Cmperojs noble men leaoetb tbe b»?ft up tbe beao , but tbe € mpetout bimfelfe i^i 
 itaDctn v spe. going on foote leaoetb tbe bo^febp tljeenoe of tbe teine ofbisb?io!e toitb one of biSbanos.ano in i &\ 
 fmmw& tbcotberofbisbanosbe baoab?ancbof a palmettee: aftet tbis follotoeo tbe tett of tbe em« 
 Hon. perours Jftoble men ano Gentlemen, toitb a peat numbet of otbet people. 3in tbis o?oer tl;cp 
 
 toentftomonecbutcbtoanotbertoitbintbecaBIe,al)outtbeoittanceofttoo fligbts ftot: ano ft 
 rettirneo againe to the Cmpetours Crj«tcb,tobere tbep maoc an eno of tljeir feruice, CQbicb be* 
 ingomie,tbe ffimperours maieftie ano certaine of bis noble men toent to tlje Spetropolitanc bis 
 bottfe to Dinner .tofjete of oelicat e SfbeS ano gooo onnte there toas no lacfee. pt 
 
 CberelfoftbistoeekebntillCaaecDaptbepKfptbetpfblemnelp, continuingintbettboufes 
 fo jtfie mottpart, ano opon S^unoap oj Cbutfoap tbe Cmpetout oo)b altoapes bfe toreceiuetlje 
 Sacrament, anofoooe mod ofbis^iobles. 
 
 Upon gooo frioap tbep continue all tbe Dap in contemplation ano papers , ano tbep bfe eue« 
 rp pere on gooo jf tioap to let loofe a pjifonet in tbe fleao of Barrabas. ^be n 'gbt follotoing tbep 
 go to tbe Cburcb tobete tbtp lleep e bntill tbe nett mo jntng, 9 at <EaOer tbep Ijatte tlje tefttttecti' 
 tm,f aftet euerp of tbe Hen ts tbep eat flcift tlje nett toeeke follotoing, jTrioap, i§)atutDap ano all, 
 
 €bep bane an joct at Cadet tobicb tljcp altoaics obfet ue,ano tbat is tljisteuerp pere againll 
 Cafiettooieo?colouttcDtoitb^?a?eIla gteat numbet ofegs, of tobicb euetpman ano tooman 
 gitictb one bnto tbepn'ett of tbeit T^atilbbpon eafletoap in tbe mojning, 3no mo?eouet tbe 
 common people bfe to catie in tbeit banos one of tbeit reo egs, not onelp bpon €aftet Dap,but M 
 fotbreeoifotire oapesaftet,ano gentlemen ano gentletoomenbaue cgsgiloeo tobicb tbepcatp 
 in Iikemaner. ©bepbfeitgstbepfapfojagtcatloue,anointobenoftberefuttection, tobereof 
 'tbep reiopce. jfoj tov)en ttoo ftienos meetc outing tbe Pallet bolp oapes.tbep tome 9 take one an. 
 otljer bp tbe bano : tlje oneof tljem Captlj, tbe Lo?o 0? Cb?itt is tifen, i^t otber anftoet «b, it is fo 
 ^"©fert? '" Df *l « ut b.ano tben tbep kiffe anoetrfjange tbeit egs botbmen ano toomen, continuing in killing 
 cjmvcij. 4 oapes together. 
 
 %\)Z 1 2 of 9p?ill being 'Kuefoap in tbe Cadet toeeke, madct Ienkinfon ano mafletGraie, 
 ano cettapne otbet of bs Cnglifl) men ointo toitb tbe Cmpero?, toberc toe toere fet ueo as toe bao 
 bin befo?e time. Sno aftet oinet tbe Cmpetouts maiediegauebnto madct Ienkinfon anobnto 
 S©,Gray,ano fo ojoei IP bnto euerp one of bp a cup of Speao , accojoing to Ijis accudomeo manet 
 ™ tobicb 
 
 i: 
 
T>efcrip tion of lty/ Sia. Traffiques,andDiicoueries. %ip 
 
 toljicb toben euerp man bab receiueo ano gmen tbanks,9p.lenkmion fte ppeb into tbc mibfl of the asitb nitre w 
 chamber before the tfmperours maieflie, ano gauetbankestobisbigbneffefojbisgoooneffebn* "™afcl'\ kin ' 
 t o I) tm ert cnb co , oeQrins bis grace to licence dim to b c part , anb in like rnaiier bin i£)a3 et G ray . uop °s« ' o'c° 
 ipis maieflie bib not onelp licence tbem to tepo.rt , but aid graimtebbnto matter Ienkinfon bis SSJ?" 816 
 letters bnner bis great feale.bnto all pjinrescbjougbtohote Dominions matter Ienkinfon Ihoulo ' 
 banc occafion to pafie, cljac he might the (boner anb quit tlier patte bp meanes t hereof . JHHhicb bc= 
 ing grantco,mafter Ienkinfon ano Gray lotolp fubmitteo tbcmfrlueSjthanlung hi* maieflie,&o 
 the €mperour gauebntoeitrjerof t^ema cuppeofmeabtob;tnke } anbtotUebt^emtobepartat 
 tljcirpleafure in (Sobs peace* 
 
 "ftlje i4.of 9pnII inebemoming toben 99. Gray anb 31 toere reaopto bepart totoarbs Eng- 
 gland,tbe Chancellors fent bnto bs anb toilleobs to come to their office in theChaocerie,tohcre 
 at our comming tbep flictoeo bs a greatnumber of tbe €mpero?s tr uicis,ano ricb robes, toilling 
 bs to marke ano bebalbe tbem tocll, to the eno that at our attiuall into England, boe might make 
 tcpjttobat toe habfcene there, 
 
 ^becbiefefltoasbismaieftiescrotone,bemgcIofebnbertbetopber^fmreto?ougbt:inmme *** empe- 
 opinion.tbe too jkmanttjip of fo much golo feto men can amenb. 3lt toas abojneb anb beckeb toith "&" tt " lrt " 
 rich anb p?ccious Cones abunoantlp, among tbetobicb one toas autbte,tobicb ttoob aljanofull 
 higher then the top of the croton bpon a fmall toier,it toas as big as a goob beaneulje fame croton 
 toas linebtoitb a faire blacfte !§>abIe,too?tb bp report 4o.robles. 
 
 CUcc fatoe all bis maietties robes tobicb toeteberp ricblp fee toitb ttbnes,tbep ibetoeo bs ma- 
 nie other great ttones of oiucrskinbes, but tbemoff part of tbem toere bneuen, in maner a* 
 thepcame out of tbe toojke,foj tbep boenrarcetteeira the greameffe of ttones, tbenthe p?opoj« 
 tionoftbem. 
 
 <HClc fato ttoo gooolp gotones tobicb toere as bcaute as a man coulo eafilp carrt'e, all fee toit& 
 pearlesoucranooucr:tbegaroso?bopersrounbabsuttbemtoeregatniu>eotoitb fapbiresano; ( 
 other goob ttoncs abunbantlp. 2Dne of the fame gotones toas berp ricb,fbj the pearles toere betp 
 large 5 rotmoanb ojienttasfoitbercffof bisgotonesanb garments, tbep toere of ricfttiuueantt 
 clotb of golb anb all furreo toitbtserp blackc tables, 
 
 MJben toe ba& fuffictentlp perufeb all tbcfe things ,tbep toilleb matter Gray at his arriuaH in 
 Engiand,to motttoe if be coulo,fucb tetoels ano rich clothes as be hab feenethere,anb better if be 
 coulDjbeclaring that the Cmperour tooulb glablp bettoto his monep bponfucb things. 
 
 S>o toe tooke our leaue the fame time,ano beparceb totoarbs Vologda immebtatlp, 
 
 V : it' 
 
 The maners, vfages^and ceremonies of the RufTes. 
 
 OftheEmperour. 
 
 Oe Cmperours name in their ton'jtie is Iuan Vafiliuich.that is asmucrjeofap, 
 asIohnthefonneof"Vafilieanobpbisp?incflp ttate bee is calico Otefara, «»i,B»iSiuf. 
 as bisp?eDeceffojs hauebene befoje,tobicb to interpjete,is a king, that gtuetb 
 not tribute to anp manjano this toojo Otefara his maietties interpreters baue 
 of late oapes interpjeteo to be<£mperour,fo tbat noto bee is calico Cmperouc 
 ano great Duke of all Ruflia,&c, TSefoje his father tbep toere neither calico 
 Cmperottrs nojkiitgs but onelp Ruefe Velike,that is to fap, great Duke, 9nb as this Cmpero? 
 tobich noto is luan Vanliuich, ocetb erceeoe bts p jcbecclTbjs in name, tbat is, from a Dttbe to an 
 Cmperour, euen lb much bp.repojtbeooetberceebe them in ffoutnetfe of courage anb baliant' 
 neffe, ano a peat beale moje : fo j be is no mo?e afraioof his enemies tohiclj are not feto,then the 
 Robbie of the larks, 
 l^is enemies tot'th tohom he hath toarres fo? the mott part are thefe t Litto, Poland, S w eden, 
 
 Denmarkc,Lifland,theCrimmes J Nagaians,anDtbetohoIenationoftheCattartans,tobichare 
 a ttoute ano a barbie people as anp bnocr the g>tmne. 
 
 %\yvs Smperour bfeth great familiariticas toel bnto all bis nobles anb fubiects, as alfo bnto 
 Crangers tobich ferue him either in his toarres, o? in occupations: foj his pleafureis tbat tbep 
 (bait bineoftentimes inthe peere in bis pjefence, ano befibes that be is oftentimes abjoao,eitber 
 at one Church oj another,anb toalking toith his noble men ab?oab. 9nb bp this me? ms be is not 
 onelp belouebofbts nobles anb commons, but alfobao in great bjeab ano fcaretrnougb all bis 
 bominions, fo that 31 thinke no prince in Cbjiflenoome is mo>e feareo of his otonc then |e is, nc? 
 pet better beloueb, Jfo? if be bio anp of his Dukes goe, tbep toil! runne 3 tf be giue anp ctiil o? an> 
 grie toojoe to anp of tbem , the panic will not come into bis maietties pjefence againe of a long 
 
 time 
 
320 The Englifh Voyages, Defer iption of%ufia . 
 
 time if be be not Cent fo?,t»uc mill fame him to be berp Ucke.ano toill lee tlje tfiitz of tjis hcaD gro to 
 Her p long,toitbotit either cutting o ? (bauing, tobicb is an eutocnt token tbat bee ig in tlje «£mpe« 
 
 ro?SDifpleafurc:fojtol;ent!jepucintbcicp?ofperit?jl;epaccwtuuanjamerotocaicloiig{)aire, 
 in conSoeca tion tobereof,t Ijep life to baue tbeir Ijcano fbauen, 
 jiiotr. C^e maiettp bearetb all complaints Ijimfelfe, ano toitlj bis otonc moutb giuetb fentence , ana 
 
 iuogement of all matters.ano tbat teitb erpeoitiontbut religious matters be meoletlj not toitball, 
 but referred tbem tohollp onto tbe Spetropolitane. 
 
 Ij?i? maieflieretatnetbano tocllretoaroctb all it rangers that comecofecue butt, ano efpectalip 
 men of toarre, 
 
 iipeebeligbtetb not greatlptn batoking, bunting, oianp otljer paffiine,noi in bearing tn« 
 flruments oj muGcke , but fettetb all bis tobole oeltgbt bpon tteo tljings : f irfl, to feme (Sod, 
 asbnooubteolpbeisberpoeuoute in bis religion, ano tbe fecoiu^botee to fuboue ano conqttere 
 bis enemies', 
 
 i)e bail) abunoance of goto ano filuer in bis otonc Ijnnoes o j treafurie : but tfje moff part of bis 
 fenoto not a crotone from a counter.no i goUftrom copper,tbep are ft mucb cumbieo ttjeretoitball, 
 ano be tljac is too? tlj 2 , 3 ,0? 4,grot es,is a neb man. 
 
 Of their Religious men. 
 
 ^eSpetcopolitanc is nett onto 6oo,our ILaop ano ^Nicholas ercepteotfoitbe £mperojs 
 maiettp iuogctb 9 affirmetb bimto be of bigbcr oignitie tben bimfeife; fti tljat/aitl) be, be is 
 <SoosfpiticuaIoff:cer 3 ano3itbcCinperouranvbiS tempoialIofficcr,ano tbercfoieljis marcBie 
 fttbmittetbbimfelfebnto bim in many tbings contenting religious matters,as in leacing tbe $$%■■ 
 tropolitans Ijoifc 'upon palme funDap,ano giuing bim leaue to fittc on a cljaire bpon the 1 2, Bap, 
 toljcn tbe riuer Mofco teas in bleffmg, fjis maicttie ftanoing on tl;e pre, 
 
 911 matters of religion are rcfoimeo bp tlje £l9r tropolitane , be be arec b tbe caufes ano pjiuetfo 
 fentence as bimfeife liftetb, ano is autboiijeo fo to boe,tobetber it be to tebip,ljang 0; burne , W 
 teill mutt mm be fulfilleo. 
 
 %l)tv &aue bo t b monks/ tiers ano nmtnes, toitrj a gre?.t number of great 9 ricb monaff cries;: 
 tbep keepe great bofpitalitic, ano Doe relteue mucb pooie people Dap bf Dap, 3 ijattc bene in one of 
 jlie monatter ie s calleo Troietes, tobicb is teallcD about toiib biicke be r p fironglp like a cattle.ano 
 mticbojoinanceofbiatrebpontbeteallesoftbeCame. Cbep tolomc tbcmfeluestbattbereare 
 feiienbunoicD btetljien of tbe tobicb belong tonto tbat boufe, ^b? moft part of tbe lanos.totens, 
 ano billages tobicb are toitbin 40, m^les of it.belongbnto tbe fflmcabepfijctoeo me tbe cburcb, 
 toljereinteereasmanp images as coulo bang about,oi bpon tbe teals of tbe Cburcb rouno about, 
 ana euentbe roofe of rbecburcb teaspainteo fulof images.^be rijicfe image teas of our Lnbie, 
 tobicbteas garmlbeo toitb golo.rubics/apbirs auootljer ricb ttones abunoanclp.jn tlje nuott of 
 tbe cburcb Good i a.teape tapers of e too paros long, ano a fatbom about in bignelte, 9 tberc GanDS 
 a kettle fullof te are teitb about 1 oo.teeigbt.toberein tbere is alteapesi tlje teiefte of a eanole bttr« 
 ning.as it toere a lampe tobicb goetb not out cap no? nigbt* 
 
 'Cbepfbetoeo me a coffin coueceb teitb clotb of golo tobicb ttoooe bpon one dec toitbin tbett 
 cbur cb.in toljtcb tljep tolo me lap a bolp man,tobo neuer eate 0} Dianlte,anD pet tbat be litie tb. 9 no 
 tbep tolo me (fuppofing tbat 31 bao bcleeueo tbein) tbat be bealetb manp oifeafes.anD giuetb tbe 
 blitn tbeir Hgbt , teitb manp otber miracles,but 31 teas; Ijaro of belief be caufe 31 fate bim too jke 
 no miracle tebilefl 31 teas tljcre, 
 
 9ftcr tins tbep b^ougbt me into tbeir fellers.anDmabe me tatte of btuevs kinos of oiinks, botrj 
 teine ano becre.meao ano quafft'eof fimoip colours ano kinos. feuclj abunoance of o?inU as tbep 
 Ijaue in tbeir fellers^ Doe fuppofe fete pimces fcaue mo je,o? ft mucb at once. 
 
 "Sbeir barrels 0? beffda are of an bnmeafurable bipes 9 tfbt ftme of tbem are 3, paros long 
 ano mo?e,ano 2,warbs 9 moie bioao in tbeir beabS:tbep conteine <S.oj 7.tunnes a piecettbep time 
 none in tbeir fellers of tbeir otone making tbat are Utfe tben a ttmne. %\)C? baue 9, oi 1 o, great 
 bautes tobicb are full of tbofe barrels tobicb are feloome remooueo : foi tbep baue trunks tobicb 
 come ootene tbjouglj tbe roofeof tbe bautes in ftmojp places, tb?ougb tobicb tbep potoieoiinke 
 Dotoncbauing tbe cafkerigbt bnoer it to receiue tbe fame,fo? itujoulo be a great trouble to bung 
 itallootonetbettapies. 
 «sc wvit&Mf Cbep giue bieacmeat ano niinkc bnto all men tbat come to tbcm,nct onelp tobtle tbep are at 
 Santdw r m< " tJ J eir aoJje P> uuc alfo toben tbep bepart,to ferue tbem bp tbe toap, 
 
 ^bcreare a great number of fuclj monafleries in tbeKeaIm,anD tbe Cmperois maieflp riot t^ 
 ofteniimegfromonetoanotberof tbem,anDlietljactbem j^-Daics togctber. 
 
'Defcription of Ity/fia. TrafFiques,and Diicoueries. 221 
 
 ■Ebefamemonkcs are as great merchants ais anp iittbe tana of RuHia.auo coe occupy bupuig 
 aim felling as much as anp other men, ano Ijatic boats tnlicb palfc too ano fro in the riucrs ttittlj 
 mercbanDije from place to place tobere anp of tbeir countrcp do tramke, 
 
 ©hep catenofleuj During their lines as it is rcpn?teD:liut »pott<g>tmDSP, 03unDap, Cuefoap, 
 ^urteap anD ^aturnap it tslatufulfo? tljemto eateegges,btttter,chcere anbmilkc, ana at all 
 times to eate fifl),ann after this fojt tljep leao tljeir lines, 
 
 ©hep tueate all blacfee garments, aiiDfo Doe none other in all t^js Unoc, but at that abbep 
 
 onelp. 
 
 <qL\)ty baue no preachers no not one in al the lano to inttruct tlje pcople,fo tbat there ate manp, J?™^,,^ 
 ft^emoflpartoftf)epoo?eint^ccountrp,toijoifoncafketl)eml)ob)manpgoo0tljercbe,tl)eptoil great mmu 
 fap a great manp .meaning that euerp image Much tbep baue is a gootfo? all the countrep ano the a "° »o««ip« 
 Cmperours maiettp bimfeife toil blette ano botnc,ano knocke their beaDs befoje tbeir images.in 
 fo ttittcfj tljat tljey iuill crie carneftlp Unto tbeir images to belpetljcm to the things tobiclj tbep 
 neeo,&l men are bouno bp tbeir lato to bane tljofc images in tljeir bottles, ano oner cuerp gate in 
 all tbrirtoomes ano cities are images fetUp, unto toljicbtbe people bom ano beno, ano knocke 
 tljeir beans againft tbe grouno before tbem: as often as tbep come bp anp cljurclj 0? croffe tljcp 00 
 in like maner. 9nD tuljen tbep come to anp ljoufe,tbcp blclfe tljemfelues 3 ,oh» "ims before tljep 
 mill falnte anp man in tbe Ijoufe. 
 
 ■Cbcp reckon ana bolD it fo? great finne to tottcb 0? Ijanole anp of tljeir images tottljtn tlje circle 
 of the boo jb tuhcrc the painting ts,but tljep keep themuerp oatntilp,ano rich men neck them ouer 
 ano about toitb golo,filuer ano tt ones,anD bang tbcm ouer ano about toitlj clotlj of golo, 
 
 ©hcpjietearcmarricDasothermenare.anDnieare all tljeir garments as other men ooe, 
 ercept tbeir nigljtcaps, loljich is cloth of fome fao colour .being rounB; f reacljetlj bnto the earest 
 their cranes are Qjauen.but tbe rcfl of tljeir Ijatre tljep let grou),as long as nature toil! permit, 
 lb that it Ijangetlj bcncatlj their care? upon tbeir ujouloers: tbeir beams tbep neuer ftjatie : if bis 
 torife happen to Dic,tt isnoclauifull fo? bim to marp againe During Ijis life, 
 
 ©hep mtnitfer tlje Communion toitb bjeas anotoinc after our o?Der,but be bieakctb tlje b?ean 
 ano puttetb it into tlje cup unto the tuine,atra commonlp fome arc partakers toitb tbem : anD tljep 
 take tljeb jeao out againe tnith a fpoon together toitb part of tlje toine,anD fo take it tbcmfelues s 
 ano giue it to others that receiue luitb tbem after the fame maner, 
 
 ©beir ceremonies are al as tljep fap.accoming to tbe (Sreeke Cljurclj Ufeo at this pjefent Dap, 
 ano tbep allotn no other religion but tbe <Sreeks,ann tbeir otone: ano triill not permit anp nation 
 but tlje ©recks to be burieD in tljeir facrcD burials.o? churcljparDs. 
 
 ail their churches are full of images,unto tlje tobfDb the people toljcn tljep affemble, Doe botoe 
 anD knocke tbeir Ijeaos.as 31 baue befoje faio,tljat fome toill Ijaue knobbes upon tljeir fo jeljcaDS 
 toitb knocking.as great as egges. 
 
 911 tljeir feruice is in tlje Huttc tongue,anD tljep anD tbecommon peoplcbaue no other pjaters mtwt ttmite 
 
 bUtthiS,GhofpodilefusChriftosefinevozeponuloinafhe, ©bat tB to fap , ©iO?De iefttS IS/"*,^ 8 * 
 
 Clj?iu\fonne of (Sod baue mercp upon us: ami this is tljeir p?aper,fotljat the matt part of the ton* 
 learneo knott) neither Pacer noftcr.no? tlje !Beliefe,no? ^ten commanDements,npj fcarcelp un- 
 DerttanD tlje one balfe of tljeir feruice boljicb is rcaD in tljeir Cburcbcs, 
 
 Of their Baptifme. 
 
 Wfi?en anp cljilo is bojne.it is not bapti^cD bntil tbe nert ^>unDap,anD if it cbancetbat it be 
 not baptijeDtben,it mutt tarp Until tlje fecono ©unoap after the birth, ano it is latofull 
 foj them to take as manp oioDfatljcrs anD (EoDmotbers as tljep \uill,tbe mo?e tlje better, 
 
 SUljen tljep go to theCljurcb,tlje mtD'oiife goetljfonnott.carping the cljiloe, f tlje ©oofatbers 
 ano (SoDmotljers folloto into tbe miott of tlje Cljurcb.tohere there is a fmall table reasp fet,ano oit 
 it an earthen pot ful of toarme toater,abottt the U)ljtcljthe(SoDfatljers ano ©oDmotbcrs,Uiiththe 
 cI)ilDe,fettIcthemfclues:tljen the clcatke giuetbunto euerp of tbem a fmal toare canDle burning, 
 tbencommetljthep?iefi,anDbeginnetbtofapcertainetoojDS,tohicbtheo5oDfathersanD(I5oDmo= 
 thcrsmufi anfujere too?D fojimojD.amongtohicboneis.tbattbe cljtlDeftjalfo?faketljeDeuill,ana 
 as tljat name is pjonounceD.tbep mutt all fpit at tlje tuo?D as often as it is repeatcD^ljenbeblef* 
 fctb tbe tnater tobtclj is in the pot ,ano Doth b?eatbe ouer it:tbcn be tabeth al tlje canoles tobicb the 
 goffeps Ijaue.anD tjolctno; tljem all in one Ijano lettetb part of tbem ojop into tbe toater, aim then 
 giuetb euerp one bis canDle againe, anu tohen the toater is fancttficD.he taketb tbe chilDe ano ljoi= 
 Detbitmafmalltubbe,anDoneoftbc(©oDfatljcrstakct!jtljepotUJitbtoarmeHjater,anDpo\u?ctfj 
 itallbpontberljilDSljeaD, 
 
 9fcer 
 
%1Z 
 
 TheEnglifti Voyages, T>tfcripttonof%nfiia. 1 
 
 after tljis be batlj maup mo?e ceremonies, as anopnttng eares ann cpes u>itfj fptttle , ano ma= 
 king ceraine erotics toitboplcbpon tlje baeke, ljeaD,anD fa?e£t of the cbilDe: tben raking tfje cbilDe 
 inbtsarmes,car!etbittotbeimagcsof<g>.Nicholas,nnoottr Lanie, $c. ann fpeakctb bnto tbe 
 images, Defiringtljemto take cbarge of tlje cbtloe , tljat Ijcmap Uue, am* bcleeue as a Cbjtm'an 
 mano?tocmanougbttoDoe,toitljmanpotljeriBO;»os, •S.ljen comming backe from tlje images, 
 betaketba a paire of fijeares aim clipped) the pong ano tenoec Ijaires of tlje cbiloes bean, intljjee' 
 t} fourepIaces,ano tben Deiitteretljtbe cvjiUte^totjetettnto cuerpof tlje (Soofatijers gs tSotmotljcrs 
 lap abanoubentlje pjtett cbargetljtbem, that tlje cbtioe be fyougljt bp in tlje faitb 9 fcare of ©09 
 0? Ch >}iS,anD that it be intttuctec to clincge ana boto to tlje imagt s,ano fo tbep make an enu: tben 
 one of the ©oofetbers wail Ijang a crolfe about trje necke of tbe cbilDe , tobiclj be mtifl altoapes 
 lneare,foj tljat Tfluffe tobicb Ijatbnot a crotfe about bis necke tljcp etteeme as no CbiiKian man. 
 ami tlj-crcupon thepfap that toe are no Cb?ifitans, becaufetoe do not toearecrolfes as tijep 00, 
 
 Of their Matrimonie. 
 
 Tfpcir matrimonie is nothing foIemm'?eD, but ratljer in mot? point? aWjominable.anD as mere 
 as 31 can leawtejin tljis totfe follotoing. 
 
 jfirffi,iBbcn there isloue bettoeene tbe parties, tlje man fcntictljbnto tlje tooman a fmaJI cbeff 
 j bore, toberein is a tob!p,nceDles,tlj?eeD ,u'lkc,linncn clotb,fbeares,anD fucb neceffaries as fljes 
 fljalioccupie tobeu ftje is a toife.ano pcrbaps fenoitb tljcrtoitball raiftns,ftgs n? fome fuclj things, 
 Sitting Ijer to bnoer llano, t bat if Qje boe offeno, ftje mutt be beaten toitlj tbe tobtp,$ bp tbe nceolcs, 
 r!j?eeo,clotb,$c,tbat tlje tijotilD applp her felfe Eiligentlp to fotoe,ano 00 fttcb tljings as tbee cottlo 
 bed Doe, aire bp tbe raitins-o? fruitcs be meanetlj if the Bee toell, no gooo tbing Bjalbe toithDjaton 
 from ber,no? be too ceare fo? ijer : ano ftje fenoeth bnto Ijim a ftjirt, banokercljcrs, ano fojtie fttcij 
 things of ber otonc making, &no note to tbe effect. 
 
 SUijen tljep arc agrccD, ano tlje cap of marriage appointcD ,toljen tljcp (Ijall goe totoarnesf tlje 
 Churcb,tfje bjt'De toill in no toife c oHfent to go out of tlje Ijoufe, but refifletlj ano ft riuetb toith tbe 
 tbat tooulo batte bcr out, ano fainetb Ijer felfe to toeepe 5 pct intlje eno,tii)o toortien get Ijer out,ann 
 lean ber totoaros tbe cljurclj,ljer face being couereo clofe,becattfe of Ijer bifltmulatto, tljat it ftjottto 
 not be openlp percciueo: foj the maketb a great noife, as though ftje lucre fobbing ann toceping, 
 toittil fbc come at tbe Cb«tclj,ano tljen ber face is bncouereo.'Stljc ma" cemmctb after among 0* 
 tljcr of Ijts frienDS,ano tljcp carp toith tljem to tbe cljurclj a great pot toitlj mine 0} meao: tljen tbe 
 pjiefi couplctb tbem togetljer muclj after our joer, one pjomtllng to lotte anoferue tlje otljer ou< 
 ring tljeirliuestogetber.etctoljicb being Done, tljcp begin to ojinhe, ano firfi tbe tooman Djtn= 
 hetb to tbe man, ano toben be Ijatlj Djunfee tje Iettetb tlje cuppe fall to tijc grotino 3 bafling immeDi* 
 atlp to treao Upon tt,ano fo Dotb tbe, ano tobetljer of tbem trcao firfl bpon it mtifl baue tbe bictojie 
 ano be mafler at all times after.toljicb commonlp bappenctb to tbe man,fo? be ts reaDicfi to fet bis 
 foot on tt,becaufe be lettetlj it fall l)imfeife,tbcn tbep goe borne againe, tlje luomaus face beeing 
 uncouerett. ^Cbebopesin tbetfreetescrie out ano make anopfe tn tbe mcane time, toitlj berp 
 aiujonefitoojDes. 
 
 2Bbcn tbep come borne, tbe toife is fet at tbe bpper enb of tbe table,anD tbeljttfbanD nert bnto 
 Ijer : tljep fall tljen to Djiwung till tbep bee all omnke , tbep percljance batte a minlli ell 0? ttt>o,ano 
 ttoo nakco men ,toljtclj leo ber from tlje Cljurclj Dauncenakeo a longtime before all the cempa* 
 me, MJljen tljep aretoearie of Dunking, tlje bjioe ano tlje bjiocgrome get tljem to bcD.fo j it is in 
 tbe euentng altoapes tobm anp of tbem are marrieo : aim toben tbep are going to bcDDe, tlje b?ioe= 
 grome puttctb certain monep botb goloe ano filuer.if Ije baue it,into one of bis boots,ar.n tljcnttt* 
 tetlj ooton in tlje cljamberjcroCfing bis lcggcs,anD tljen tbe b?ibe mud plucke orTone of W boots, 
 iubtclju)etoilI,anDifujeb3ppenontbebooteiuljcrein tlje monep iSifbeljntb not onelp tbe monep 
 fo? ber labo?,but is alfb at fuclj cbopfe,as ftje neeo not etter f rom tljat Dap fojtlj to pul off bis boots, 
 but if (Ije miffe tbe boot toljcrin tlje monep is.fbe Dotlj not onelp loofe tlje monep,but is alfo bottno 
 from tljat Dap fojtoaros to pull off Ijis boots conttnuallp, 
 
 "Sben tbep continue in blinking anD making gooD cbeerc tljjee Daies foliotoing, being accent^ 
 panien toitlj certaine of tljeir frienDs,anD During tlje fame tlj?ee Daies be is calleo a Duke,t (bee a 
 Dutcbes.altbottglj tbep be berp poo?c pcrfons, ano tljts ts as mttcb as 31 baue IcarneD of tbeir ma-= 
 trimonp: but one common rule ts amongfl tljem,if tlje toomau be not beaten toitb tljctob!pcnce a 
 toccke, (be toillnot be gooD,anDtbcrefo?c tljep lookefo? ito^oerlp, ^tbetoomen fap,tljat if tljeir 
 JjttfbatiDSDiD not beate tljcm,tbep ftjoulD not loue tbem, 
 
 l Eijepbfeto-H)arrptberebetppong,tbeirfo!mcsati6,anD i8.peercsolDe, ano tbe Daughters' 
 at 1 2.0 j 1 3 .peeres 0} ponger : tbep bfc to keepe tbeir totties berp clofelp , 31 meant tljofe tbat be 
 
 of 
 
 
T>ifcouerie oflty/fta. Traffiques,3c Difcoueries. 323 
 
 of anp reputation,fo that a man (ball not fee one of them but at a cbance,tobcnfl;e goetb. to church 
 at ChnffmaS oj at <£atter,o? els going to bifite fome of her frienos, 
 
 Cbemofipart of tbetoomcnbfe to ribe a Ctcioe in faDDles toitb ffpjrops,as men Do , anb fome 
 of them on fleos,tobicb in fummer is: not commenDable. 
 
 CbebWbanDislcuno to finoe the toife colours to paint ^et toitrjaH, fo? tbepbfe oyDinnrilp Rj{£f ™ e nof -. 
 eopapnttbcmfelues: itisfucbacommonpjactifeamongtbem,tbatit!S counteb fojnofbame: t^tttUut.; 
 t\)iv gteafe their faces toitb fuel; colours , that a man map oifcerne tbem banging; on tljeir faces 
 almou" a flight Qjoote off : 31 cannot fotocll linen them as to a millers toife, fo? tbeplcoke as 
 though tljep toece beaten about t^e facetoitbabaggeof meaie, but tljeir cpe bjoUieg tljep colouc 
 asblackeasicat. 
 
 Cljc kfl pjopertte that t& e toomen haue, is that tljep can fotoe toell , anb imtyober toitb dike 
 anbgolbeercellentlp. 
 
 Of their buriall. 
 
 W^en anp man ojuiomanbietb.tbep fftctrfj Mm out, anbput a neto paire of fljooes onbfe 
 feete, becaufe be bath a great iournep to goe t tbenooe tbep toinbe him ina fljeet^aji toe 
 boe, but tbep forget not to put a tettimonie in bis right Ijano, tobicb tfae p jiett giuctb him,to teffi« 
 fiebnto§>, Nicholas thatljeijieoaChMfltanmanojttoman. StaDtljepput cbecoarfealtoapes 
 ina coffm of toooo , although the partie be berp pooje t anb ttiben tbep goe totoarbs the dhurcb, 
 the frienbs ano kinfemen of tlje partie oeparteo carrie in their Ijanos fmall toare canbles,anb cbep 
 toecpe anb balule, aim mane much lamentation, 
 
 ■Stljep that be Ijanpb 0} bebeabeb.o* fuch Iike,bane no teffimonie toitb them : Ijoto tbep are re* 
 ccittcb into fjeatien.it ~,i$ a toOHDer.toitbout their pafpo }U 
 
 Chtte are agreat number of pooje people amongtbemtobiclj Die Dailp fojIacKe of fuffenanee, 
 toljicljisapitifull cafe to beljoloejfojtljere bath becne buriebina fmallttme.toitbin tljefettoo 
 peeres, abotie So, perfons poung anb olb,tobicb bane bteb onelp fo j lacke of fuffenance:fru if tbep 
 bab ljab Cram anb mater enougb,tljep toDUlb mane fljifttoliuetfo? a great mar.p .are fojeeb in the 
 Hunter to bn'c ftrato anD If ampe it , anb to mane b?eao tbereof,c } at the IcaC iljc p cate it mfteaoof 23ieat> mm 
 %t&K 3In the fummer tljep makegooDujifctoiirjgrafle , berbes anorootcs: barks of trees are offttflto> 
 goobmeat toitb them at all times,Cbete is no people in the too jlD,as 31 fuppcfe, rtjat liue fo mi* «pc £ nmnci ' 
 ferablpasbothepouertpintljofeparts :anbthemottpartof tljem that haue fuffictent fojtbem* Scauma> 
 felues,anb alfo to relteue others that neeb.are fo bnmerciful that tbcp care not bato manp tbep fee «« p°°i«- 
 bit of famine of hunger in tlje Creets, ' 
 
 atisacountrepfullofbtfeafcs, biuer^anbeuin, anb the bettremebieisfo? ante of them, g^J^Sn 
 asthepholDc opinion, to goe often bncothehotehoufes, as inamanereuetpman hath oneofljis wits to* <%& 
 otone, tohtchheeheatetlj commonlpttotfeeuerptoeekejanballthehowlholDeftoeate.anbtoau) iamtB - 
 themfelues therein, 
 
 The names of certaine fortes of drinkes vfed in 
 
 (fyiflia , and commonly drunke in the Empe~ 
 rours Court. 
 
 T^)e firtt anb pjinctpallmeabeismaDe of the inict oju'ecour taken from a bemecal!en in Sm?iaiUcf. 
 RulTia, Malieno, tuljtclj is of a marueilous ftoeete taftc,anb of a carmofant colour , toljtrtj 
 berrp 31 haue feene in Paris, 
 
 €.he f econo meabe is calleb Vifnoua.becaufe it is mase of a berrp fo caflcD,anb is like a black 
 goofeberrie : but it is like in colour anb tatte to the reD toine of France. 
 
 Che thirb meaoe is calleb Amarodina o } Smorodina,{bo?t, of a fmall berrp much like to the 
 fmall re?in, ano grotoeth in great plentie in Ruflia, 
 
 Chefourth meaoe iscalleb Chercunikyna.tohich is maoe of the toilbe blacke eberrp* 
 
 Che 6fc meabe tsmaocof honp anbtoatet,toitb other mtrturcs, 
 
 Crjere is alfo a Delicate bjinke ojaton from the root of the birch trce,calleD in the Eufletonguc 
 Eerozeu i t e s , tobiclj tJitnfec the noble men ano others bfe in 3p : ill, ^ap, anb 3 une, tobiclj are the 
 th?ee moneths of the 4>«ng time : fo j after tbofe monetbs, the fappe of the tree D jpetb, anb there 
 ttjep cannot haue it, 
 
 Th« 
 
m 
 
 — 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M.Jnth.Ienl^nfoni 
 
 The voyage of Mafter Anthony Ienkinfm, made from the citie 
 of CMofco in Riaff/a, to the citic oiBoghtr in Bafiria, in the yeerc 
 1558: written by himfelfe to the Merchants of London of the 
 Mofcouie compame. 
 
 We 23,0a? of3p$, in tbe pecre iyj8,(baumgobtafoeo tbe Cmpero? ofRuf- 
 fia|)iBlcttttiB,tiircctcDlintofutt!j?pktngj5anDpjtHte0,bp tobofe oominions 31 
 ] (houlD paffe) 31 oeparteo ftom Mofco bp toater, baiting toitb, nice ttoo of pout 
 IferuantS,namelp,RichardIohnfon,$RobertIohnfon,anO a Tartar Tolmach, 
 1 toitb oiucrs parcels of toarcs,as bp t-be inuento?p appearctb:ano the 2 8,oap toe 
 came to a toton calico Collom, Dili ant from tbe sg)ofco 2o,Icagucs, <t patting 
 one league bepono tbefatoe Collom, toe came bnto a rttter calico Occa, into tbe toljtcb the riuer 
 Mofco fallftb.anD loofctlj bis name: ano paJTingootone t&efato riuer Occa 8 .leagues, toe came 
 tinea a caflle ralleoTei reuettisko.tobicrj toe left bpon our rigbt bano,ano pjocetoiug fojtoaro, tbe 
 fecono oap of 3©£p,toe came bnto atiotijer cattle calleo Peroflaue,oiflant S.lcaguesjeauing it alio 
 un our rtgbtbanD,®betfjirooap toe came bnto tbe place tobereoIoeRezan teas 0tuate, beeing 
 note mod of it rm'iico ana ouergrotocn, ano oittant from tlje faio Peroflaue,^, league suljc 4.0a? 
 toe pafff bp a cattle calico Terrecouia,from Rezan 1 i.leagues, $ tbe 6, oap toe came to anotber 
 tattle calico Caffim, bnoer tbe gouernment of a Tartar pjince namco Vtzar Zegoline, femetime 
 ffimperourof tbetoo^tbpcitteof Cazan, ano notofubicct bnto tbe lEmpcrour of Ruflia.^uc lea* 
 ling Caffim on our left bano.ttje 8,oap toe came bnto a faire toton calleo Morom, from Cafsim 
 2o,leapfs 3 tobere tec took the foment) founo tljelatttup.e 56\oegrces:anopjocr eomgfojtoaro 
 tlje 1 t .oap.toc came Onto anotber faire toton 5 caflle calico Nyfe Nouogrod.fuuateo at tbe fal* 
 Ung of tlje foiefaio rttter Occa into tlje too?tbte riuer ofVolga.oittant frcm tbefaioe Moron 25. 
 leagues, in tbe latttuoe of 56. Degrees 1 8,minutes JFro Rezan to tbis Nyfe Nouogrod, on botfr 
 Goes tbe fato rttter of Occa, is raifeo tlje grcattflttoje of toate ano bonp mall tbe lano of Rufsia, 
 20e tarrito at tlje fojtefaio Nyfe Nouogrod bnttltlje 1 o.oap,foj tbe comming of a captain toljtcjj 
 toasfent bp tbc^mperour to rule at Aflracan,tobo beeing arriueo, ano bauing tbe number of 
 yoo.greatboatcsbnoerbisconouctjfbmelaoentottbbtcttials.fouiotcrs, ano munition j ano a» 
 t&er fome toitb mercbanoife , oeparteo altogetber tbe fet'O ip.onp ftom tlje fate Nyfe Nouogrcna, 
 ano tbe 2 2,toe came bnto a caftle calleo Vafiliagorod,oittant 2 5 ,league$,tobicb tee left bpen our 
 rigbt bano. Fiji's tctone 0? caflle bao bis name of tbis Stnperours fatber, tobo toas calleo Vafi- 
 lius, ano gorod in tbe KufTe tongue isasmucb to Cap as a cattle, fotbat Vafiliagorod istofap, 
 Vafilius cattle : ano it toas tbe furtbeff place tljat tbe Taw Cmperout condueteo frcm tbeTartars. 
 25ut tbis p?eft nt Cmpcrour bis fonne,calleo Iuan Vafili wich, barb bao great gooo fucceffc in bis* 
 toarreSjbotli againfi tbe Cb?ittians ano alfo the spabometifls ano ©cntiles,but efpeciallp againtt 
 tbe Tartars, tnlatgtng bis Empire cuen to tljc £atpian fea, batting conquereo tlje famous riuer 
 ofVolga,toitbalItbecountreistI)ereaboutaoiatent. ?Cl)«pp?occeoingonour iouweptbf 2J; 
 oapofspap afo?cfaioe,toee came to anotber caflle calleo Sabowfhare, toljicbtoee left on out 
 rigbt banc, cittant from Vafiliagorod 1 ojeagues, Clje countrepbeercabo'ut is calico Mordo- 
 uits,ano tlj2 babitamsoio pjofeffe tbe lato of tbe ©entiles ; but notoe beeftfg conquereo bp trjts: 
 Cmpcrour of Rufsia, mott of tljem arecljjitteneo , but lie mtbctocoosamitoiloerncffe , toitljout ' 
 totoneo? habitation. 
 
 Cbe 2 7. oap toe pafleo bp anotber cattle calleo Swyasko,oiflant from Shabowfhare afojefaiti 
 2 ^leagues: tee left it on our rigbt bano,ano tbe 2y,camc bnto an SUIano one league from tlje ct* 
 tieofCazan.fromtebiclj fallctbootone a riuer calleo Cazankareca,$cntretb into tbe fojefaioe 
 Volga.Cazanisafairctoton after tbelRutteo? Tartar failiiou,teitbattrongcaftle,fJcuateobpon 
 a bi^ bill, ano toas toalleo rouno about toitb timber ? eartb,but note tbe «£mperour of Rufsia 
 rjatbgtucn ojocrto pluck Dotenetbeolotoalles.ano to buitoecbemagaincoffree ttone.3ltbatlj 
 bene a citie of great teealtlj ano ricbes, ano being in tbe bancs of tbe Tartars it toas a kingoome 
 of it felfe , ano oio mo7.e bere tlje Hufles in tbeir toarres,tben an? otbernatton : but p.peres paff, 
 tbis Cniperottrof Rufsia conquereD it ,ano tooke tbe king captiue,tobo being but poungis notoe 
 baptifeo,ano b^ougljt bp in bis court toitb ttoo otber pjinces ,tobicb tocrc alfo kings of tbe faio Ca- 
 zan.ana being ecboftbeintimc of tbeir raigncs in Danger of tbeirfubiectstb?ougbciuilDifcojo, 
 came ano reno jeo tljemfelues at fcuetal times bnto tbe faio €mpero j,fb tbat attbisp jefent tljcre 
 are tlj?cep?fnres in tbe court of Rufsia,tobicb bao bene SmpcrourS oftfje faioCazan, tobom tfce 
 Cmpcrour bfctlj toitb great bonour, 
 £!Lteremaitieo at Cazan till tlje 1 j,oap of 3June,ano tljcn oeparteo from tbence : am tljefame 
 
 oap 
 
 
 Czua. 
 
M./fnthJenfynfon. Trafriques,& Difcouenes, 325 
 
 dap paffeo bpanjfland called the ailano of merchants , becaufe tttoas tooonttobea place 
 tobere all merchants, astoellKuffeoand Capuces,asji2agapansanoCrimmes,anDDiuers «Dt3flanuof 
 other nations did refo?t to kecpe mart fojbupingami felling;, butiiotoeitisfojfakcMnDGan* ""»«""• 
 dethtoithoutanp fuch refojt thither, ojat Cazan,ojatanp placeabout it, from Malcolm* 
 
 toMafeCafpium. 
 
 CljuspjoceeDingfojtoarijtlje^.Dap, toe pafftrdbp a gooBlp riuer called Cama, toljich toe a^' u,cof 
 leftonourleftbano.'CbiBriuerfalUtljoutoftbecountrepof Pcrmia into the riuer of VoIga,and 
 isfrom Cazan 1 5, leases: ano tbe cotmtrep Ipina; bettoirt the fata Cazan ano t|je faio riuer Ca- 
 ma on tlje left hand of Volga is called Vachcn, ano the inhabitants be ©entiles , an? litte in the 
 totloerneffe toitbout houfe oj habitation : ano the countrep on the other fide of Volga ouer againtt 
 thefatd riuer Catm is called the land of Cheremlzcs,()alfe ©entiles, balfe Tartars, ano all the 
 landontljeleft band oftljefaio Volga from the faid riuer bnto Aftracan, anofofollotoingthe 
 jftojthano jftojtheatfGDeoftbe Cafpian fea, to a lano of the Cartars called Turkemen, is cal* 
 leotlje countrep ofMangato?Nagay,tohafeinl;abitams are of the Iain of Mahomec.andtoere Nagay«a«aw 
 all Dettroped in the peere 1 5 5 8, at mp being; at Aftracan, through ciuill toarres among; them,ac<= 
 companied toitb famine,pefftlence,ant> fuel) plagues.in fuch &?t tfoat in the fato yeere there toere 
 confttmeo of the people.in one fojc ano another, aboue one hundred thoufanDithc like plague was 
 neuer fcen in thole parts,fo that tbefaio countrep of Nagay being; a Countrep of great paffure.te' 
 mainetb noto bnrepleniibed to the great contentatiou of the Ruttes , tobo haue bad cruel toarres 
 * long time together, 
 
 Che JQagapans toben tbcp flourilheD,liued in this mancnthep toere diuided into diucrs com* 
 panics called ipops, ano eucrp Ijpojo bad a ruler, tohom thep obeped as their king , ano teas cal* 
 leoaSpurfc-ColBneo^hourethephaDnone.butliueDintljeopenficHis, euerp Spurfe 0? JRtng 
 hauinghis l&o jds oj people about him , toith their toiHcs.chtlD jen ano tattell , toho hatting confu* ecib g, 
 med the paflure in one place, remooucd bnto another: ano tohen tbcp remoottc thep haue hcufes 
 like tents let upon toagons 0; carts, tehich nreojatocn from place to place frith camels, 9 therm 
 their toiues,child?en,and all their riches.tohicbiB berp Iitle.is carieD about, ano euerp man hath 
 at tbe leafl foure } fiue toiues beCnes concubines Slfe of monep thep haue none, but Doe barter 
 thetrcattellfojapparell ano other neceffaries. Cbep Delight in no arte no? fcience , ercept the 
 Ujarres,tohet«nthepareerpert,butfo?themofrpartt()epbepaffuring people, ano haue great 
 flojeofcattel,tohich is all their riches. Chepeate muchfleflj.anoefpeciallptlje bojfc,andthei? 
 djtnkcmares milke, toberetoith thep be oftentimes djtmke : thep.are feoitious 9 inclines to theft 
 ano murther. Come thep fotoenot , neither Doe eate attp b jead , mockmg the Chjitfians fo? the 
 fame,ano Difabling our ttrengths,faping toe liue bp eating tbe top of a toeeDe,am> D jinke a Djinke 
 made of the fame,allotoing their great deuouring of fle(b,and Dunking of milke to be theincrcafe 
 of their Grengtb, 'But nolu to pjocceo fojtoard to mp iournep. 
 
 911 the countrep upon our right hand the riuer VoIga,frcm ouer againll the riuer Cama bnto 
 the totone of Aftracan, is the land of (Jrimme , tohofc inhabitants be alfo of the latoe of Maho- mt crimnn 
 met, and liue fo? the molt part according to the fafibions of the Jftagapcs, hatting continual toars «»"«»• 
 frith the €mperour of Rufsia,and are baliant in the fieldejjatifng countenance,and fuppo;t from 
 the great Curke, 
 
 dje 1 <5,dapof 3tunemepaffeD b? certainefiftjermens houfee called Petowfe ttoctttp leagnes 
 tromtj&e riuer Cama, inhere is great fifljingfo? ffttrgeon, fo continuing our Uoap btuilltlje 
 2i,dap,and paffing bp another great riuer called Samar, tobich falleth out of the afojefaide coun* 
 ttep,and runneth th?ougbNagay, anoentreth into the faide riuer of Volga. Che 28,Bapt»ce 
 tame bnto a great Ijill, inhere toas in times pad a cattle made bp the Crtmmesjntt note it is rut* 
 ned, being theiuff miDtoap betlueene the faid Cazan anD Aftrachan, tohicl) is 200. leagues 0? 
 thereabout,in the latitude of 5 1 , degrees 47,mrnutejs . Clpon all this u)o?e groluetb abundance of 
 licojts, tohofe root runneth tnitbtn the ground like a bine. rawfoimtt*. 
 
 Chus going fo^toaro the Grt Dap of 3!ulp toe came to a place called Pcrouolog , fo named bc= 
 taute in ttmespatl the Tartar* carieo their boates from Volga unto the riuer Tanais,otbertoife 
 tailed Don.bpland, tohen thep tooulo robbe fuch as paffeD ootone the faio Volga to Aftracan.ano 
 alfo fuclj as paffed ootonebptbe riuer Tanais, to Afou, Caffa,o?anp other totonc Ctuated bp* 
 onMare Euxinum, into tohich fea Tanais falltth, toho hath his ftjjings in t^e countrep of Rczan, 
 out of aplaine grotmo. 31t is at tljisflreight of Pcrouolog from ti)e one riuer to the other ttoo 
 leagues bp land, ano is a Dangerous place fo j theeues and robbene^but noto it is not fo euill as it 
 &athbene,bp reafonof the CmperourofRufsiahisconqueDEs. 
 
 Departing from Perouolog, faauing the toilderneffe on both fides , toee fatoe a great &eard of 
 ^agapanSjpatlun'ngjasisabouefaidjbp eflimationaboueatljoufano Camels d?atoingof eartea 
 
 € e JbicIj 
 
 Samar. 
 

 ip.6 The EnglifK Voyages, M.Jnth.Ienkinfon. 
 
 toitb ^ jufes upon tbcm like tcnts^ofa flrange f aftjion, teeming to bee a farre off a totime : tbae 
 i?o?otoas belonging to a great ^urfecalkoSmille, tbegrcatcflpjinceinallNagay, toljobatfj 
 Came anDDjittenatpap all tt)er£a,notfparingbi?oliJneb?etl)jenanocIjiHi?en, ano batting peace 
 tottbtbts<!EmprrourofRuffia bebatbtobatbenccoctb,am>tuletb alone: lb tbat noto ttje KutTts 
 Itue in peace unci) clje Nagayans.tobo toeretoont to bauemcjtalltoarres together, • 
 
 %\$ i ^.oap of 3iulp patting bp an olo cafflc,tobicb teas ©Id Aftracan,ane Ieauing it bpon out 
 rigbtbano,tocarriucDat |2eto Aftracan, tobicbtbisCmperour of Ruffia conquered fire peeress 
 
 Anracao. paff,in t^e peere i j 5 i,31t is from tbe Mofco onto Aftracan fire bunojetlj Ieagues,o? tbcreabow. 
 ^be totoneof Aftracan tstituatco in an Jflmiofcpon a bill fine, bamng acattletoitbin the fame, 
 toalleo about toitb cactfj and timber, neitljer faice no? ffrong : 'Clje to tone is alfo toalleo about 
 toitb eartb i rlje builnings ana boufes (ercept it be tbe captames longing, ano certatne otber gcn« 
 tlemcns) mod bnfc aim Ample. £ljc 3 llano is mofl oeflitute ant) barren of tooob ana pad ttre,' ann 
 tbe grouno toill bcare no come : tbe aire is tbere moll infecteb,bp reafon (as 3 fuppofe)of muck 
 
 &toicBfi&rar. fifb,ano fpeciallp &turgion, bptobirijonelp tbe inljabitants Itue, bauing great fcarfitie of fleftj 
 aim tycao.Cbep bangDp itbeir fifl) in tbeir Qreets ano boufes totyp foj tbeir pwuifion,tobicbcatts 
 feeb fucb abundance of flies to increafetljere, as tbe like to as neucr feetieinanplano, to tbeir 
 great plague'.Sno at mp being at tbe fapo Aftracan,tbere toas a great famine aim plague among 
 tbe people,aim fpectallp among tbe Tartars calleo Nagay ans,tobo tbe fame time came tbitber in 
 great numbers to rentier tbcfelues to tbe Eufles tbeir enemies,? to feeke fuceour at tbeir banns, 
 tbeir countrcp being beftropeo,as 31 fain bcfo?e:but tbep toere but ill entcrtaineb 0? relieueo, fig 
 tbere nicn a great number of tbem fin bunger, toijieb lap all tlje 51 flnnn tty otigb in beapes ncan, 
 ann Iifeeco leatts bnbnrten,berp pitifull to bcbolo : manp of tbcm were alfo foln bp tbe Stifles, 
 ann tbe red toere banifben from tbe 3lflano, l 2lt tbat time it ban bene an cafle tbing to baue cornier* 
 ten tljat toickea Nation to tlje Ctjiittian faitlj, if tlje ISuttes tbemfeluesbab bene goon Ctyittt 5 
 ans : butboto ttjoulu tbep fbeto companion bnto ctljer 3r3iattonj3,fcoljcn tl;cp arenot merciful! onto 
 tljcir otone': 9t mp being tbe re 31 coulo baue bougbtmanp goonlp Tartars ebfltyett, if 31 toculo 
 baue ban a tboufano , of tbeir otone fatbers ano in or tiers , to fap , a bop 0; a toe neb to? a loafe of 
 tyean tooojtblire pence in England, but toe ban mojenccD of bictualsat tbat time tljen of anp 
 rucbmettbrmiife. Cbis Aftracan is tlje furtljeffbola tbat tbis€mperour of Rufli a batb conque* 
 rco of tbe Eartars totoarns tbeCafpian fea.tobicb be kccpetlj berp (irong, fenning tbitjjer cuci? 
 pere pjoutlion of men, ano bictuals, ann timber to builn tbe cafile. 
 
 "Sbcre is a tertaine trane.of mcrcbanoife tbere bfen , but as pet fo fmall ann beggerlp , tbat it 
 isnottooojtlj tbe maMng mention, ano pet tbere come merchants ibit&rr fromnmers places, 
 "SbecbiefeU tommonities tbat tbe KurTes tying tbitbet: are rcsoeljioes, recce fbeepesfkimtes, 
 tooooocnb'efrels.tyioles.ano fannies, kniucs, amotber trifles, toitb come, bacon, anootljerbic* 
 tuals. %^z Tartars tying tbitber ciuers kinoes cf toarf s niane ofcottentoooll, toitboiucr* 
 itinoesoftojottgljt Hikes: anb tbep tljat come out of Peifia, namelp from.Shamacki noe tying 
 folding Glfce,tobicb is tbe courfeft tljat tbep bfe m Kuffelano, Crafko, niuers feinns of pine Hikes 
 fo? girnles,1)irtg of male,betoeB, fiuo?ns,nnn fucb like tbings: aim fome peeres co?ne,ann toall« 
 nuts,but all fucb tbings in fucb fmall quantitie, tbe merchants being fo beggerlp aim poojx tbat 
 b?ing tbe feme^bat it is not toojtlj tlje to}itmg,ntitbcr is tbere anp bopc of trabe in all tbofepatt? 
 tooojtbtbe.folotoing. 
 
 SJVoiHo'of ^^ ts fo ? efa ' D ^ ava> of Aftracan is in lengtb ttoelue leagues.ann in b?ettb tb?ee,? lictb €a& 
 
 jeflrarau. a ar-DcIJcffmtbclatituneoffojtiefetiennegrces.nineminuteei: toetarieotbetebntiltbefirtnap 
 of 9ugu(l,ano bauing bougbt annpjouinen aboatein conmanp toitb certaine Tartars ann lpetfl« 
 ans,toc latien our goons aim imbarken our feIues,ano tbe fame nap neparten J) , toitb tbe fain ttoo 
 Iohnfqnsbaufngtbetobolecbargeoftbej^auigationnotonetbe fapo riuer Volga, being berj» 
 
 •srijEp enter in* croofceD^ano fullof flats totoatn tbe mow jj tbtreof;sne*ntren into tbe Cafpian featbe tcntb nap 
 
 totDt «afpian f g U g (! {j at C | )e igaflcrlp fine of tbe fapo riuer, being ttoentie leagues from Aftracan afojefapn, 
 •i ««»; . intfjelatjtunc offojtieflroegrees, ttoentie feuen minutes. 
 
 Volga batb feuentiemoutbcsojfals into tbe fca:ann toe bauing a large tohm,&ept tbe 3$o$k 
 eafl fl;b);c,ann tbe eleuentb nap toe fallen fetien leagues €aflno?tbeaft, ann came tontoan 3ifisw> 
 bauing an biglj billtbcrein,calleo Accurgar, a goon marke in tbe fca, from tbence €atttenne 
 league 5,toc fell toitb anotber 3 tlann calleo Baw h i ata , mucb bigbcr tljen tbe otber, SQitbin tbtfe 
 
 «Dst!irt»rea. ttoo Jflanns to tbe jao?tbtoarns,is a great 15aiecailen tbe Blew fca. from tbence torefaileB 
 CaBaBnb?jf2o?tbtenleagucs, ann bauing a contrarptoinn, toe came toan anker in a fanome 
 toater.ann fo rin bntilttbe fifteenth ngp.bauing a great ffojme at SotttbeaCbeing amofi contra* 
 xp toinn,tobitb.toe rinout.Cbentbe toinn came to tbe|2o?tb, ann toetoepen, and fetout cottrfe 
 ^outy ealf,ann tljat Dap failcn eigbt If agues. 
 
M.t^nth.Ien/qnfon, Traffiques,andDifcouenes. yiy 
 
 <2I,busp,ioceeDingfojimitDS,tbe i7.Dap toee loflfigtitof lau5,anDttje fame cap finlco tljirtie 
 guess >aim the 1 8.oap ttociittc leagues toinomg «£aflf, ano fell toiilj a lane calico Baughieata, 
 
 ^ 
 
 Bmphkara fce> 
 lug 7+.li-at!UC0 
 
 leagues . 
 
 being 74. league? from the mouth of tlje faiti Volga, in the lacituuc of 46.5egrccs y^mfoutejs, ftomVogi 
 
 the coatt ipiHgncerettCait ano bp g>otttb, ano Silefl analp jfto jcluSU the point of this Iniw U-- 
 
 Etb burieo a bolp ]pjopl)et,as the Tartars call Ijim.of tljeir Jiito, toijere Sfcat ocuotion is bfeo f 
 
 all fuel; SgabomctiQs as oocpaffe that toap. 
 
 ■&be nineteenth nap the toinoe being; &Ltctt , anti toe toinomg <£a£rfGUt!jeaff , toe fatten tennc hie nun. 
 leagues, anopaffeobp a great riticr calico laic, toljiclj bath bis fpjtng in tlje lanoe of Siberia, 
 nigh Unto tlje fojefaio ruter Cama, aim ntnnetl) tbjcuglj tlje latme of Nagay , falling into this 
 Mare Cafpium. 3nD top tijis niter one oapes iouwepts a ®otene calico Serachick , fubicct Schick. 
 to tlje sfojcfaio ^Cartarpjincc calkD Murfe Smille.tobicbis notoe in fcicnoffctp toitlj tbe Cmpc-^ 
 aotivof Ruffia, ii;ereisnotraoeofmcrcbanoi?ebfeD 3 fo? that tlje people bauc nobfeof moucp, 
 ano arc all men of toarre,ano patturcrs of catteI,ano giuenmucb to theft ano murtbcr.'£bus ^ 
 tngatanankcr agaiml this titter laic, and all our men being on latto, failing 31, tobolap fo;ie 
 ftcfec,ano fine &arcars,tobercof one toas reptitco a Ijolp man,bccaufe be came from Mecka,tljere 
 cainebnto bs a boate toith tbictie men toell armeo aim appointee, toljo boojoeo i)S,ano began to 
 enter into our barke, ano ourljolp Tartar ralleoAzy, pcrccitungtljat, affeeDtbemtebactbep 
 tocttlo bat!C,mmtottljailmaoeapjapert toitlj tbatcbeferoucrsaaieo^eclaringtbattljep taere 
 (Sentlcmcn,b?.ninjcDfrom tljeir countrep,mm out of liumg^cnme to fee if theretoere anp Ruffc 
 o^otljerCbMttiausCtobtcljtbcpcallCapharsjinourbarke'^o tohomtljis AzimofiCotttlp an* 
 faiereo.tljat there tocrenonc.auotoing the fame bp great otljes of their latoe, (tobicbltg'rjtlp tbep 
 toill not b?eaUe)tobamt(je rotters beleeueo.anDliponbistoomsiieparcco^anofotljjotigbtbe ft' 
 oclicic of tljac Tarcar,3i toitlj all mp companp aim gooos toerc fatteo, aim our men being ceme on 
 boojo,ano tlje totno faire.toc oepartco from tljat place,anD tomoing <£ail ano g>outbeau\tbat oa? 
 being tbe 2o.of attguff faileo 1 d.leagttes. 
 
 <E,lje2i, oaptoepaffeBoueral?apof6',Ieapesb?caD, anofelltoithaCapeoflano, bauing 
 ttoo Jflanos at tlje £>outbeatt part tljereof,bctng a gooo marke in tbe fea : 9 Baubling that Cape 
 tbelanotrcimeDi3o?tljeafl, ano maketb another Bap, into tobicbfallctb the great rtuer Ycm, 
 QjungmgoutoftljclanOofColmack. - -srfic <<rouiut 
 
 , Cbe22^3»anD24.Bapcs,toetoereatananlier < otcoi™ck. 
 
 ?Dhe 2 5 f tbe toinoe came faire.ano toee faileo that Dap 2o,leagues", aim paffeo bp an JjGano of 
 lotoe lano , ano thereabout are manp flats ano fanos : atm to tlje j12o?tbtoaro of this aflanB tljere 
 goctIjinagrcat'Kap,bttttoefetofffromthis3lHaho,anotoinDeiJS)outbto come intoBeepc toa= 
 ter.being much troubleo toitlj Sjoalos $flats,ano ran that courfe 1 o.leagucs, tljcn i£aQ g>outlj* 
 eatf 2o.leagttes s anD fel toitlj tbe maine lano,bciug full of coppeo bils, ano pairing along the coaJE 
 2o,leagttes" tlje further toe failco,tlje higher toas the lano, 
 
 Hlje 27.03? toe croffim oucr alBap,tbe. §>outb iljojie being tlje higher laito, anD fel toitlj abiajj 
 point of lano: $ being oticrtbtoart tlje Cape,tljere rofe fuclj a ffomie at tlje Cattyljat toe tljouab* 
 betilp toe ujoulo haticperiujeo j dns ffomie cctuinueo 3, oapes, if rem this Cape toepafleoto 
 i-pojtcalleoManguflaue. 1 2Dhcjrtacetoheretoeu>oulobauearriueDatt ! hei§>outbermoapartof «Bey«i of 
 the Calpian fea,is 1 2.!eagties toitljin a "Bay : but toe being foje tomtenteo ano toffeo toith this Wan s uflaue ' 
 fojcfattj tto?me,tocrc ou'ttcn bnto another lano on p other fioe the "^apjouerthtoart tlje fapD Man- 
 guflaue being uerp lotoe lano,ano a place as toell fo } the ill commoottie of tlje bauen, a^ of ujafe 
 bjute fielo people.toiiere ncuer barfte no? boate Ijao before arrtueD.not libeo of bs. 
 
 But pet here toe Cent certaine of our men to lano to talhe toitlj the gouernour ano people, as 
 toell fo? our gooo bfagc at tljc'trljanoes, asaifofojpjouifionofcamelstocarrpour gooos front 
 tl;efapofeafioetoaplacecaUeo.Sellyzure, being from the place of our lanoing fiue aim ttoen* 
 tie oapes iournep. 2Dut meffengers rcturnco toitlj comfojtalle toomes ano fatrc p?omifes of all 
 things. 
 
 2IHjerefo?e the^oapof September iy58,toeoifchargeDourbarke,ano3Itotthmp compa* <!rhtPsoeo.R 
 nte tocre gentlp entertaineo of tlje is?ince 9 of his pe ople.Sut befoje our Departure from thence, Sa " s,, 
 toe founo tljem to bebetp bao atm bjutiO) people, foj, ttjep ceafeo not oailp to moleft bs, either bp 
 figljting,ttea!tng 0? begging.raiCng tljepjife of ljo?fe ano camels, 9 uictuals, Double that it toas 
 tooont tljere tobe, aimfo?ceo\3Sto bup the toater that toe oto o?inke t tobicb caufeoustoljalien 
 atoap, aimtoconcluoetoithtljemastoellfo^thehtrcofcamcls, as fojthepnfeoffticb as toee 
 bought, toith other pjouiGon, actojoing to tljeir ctoneDcmauno : g>o that fo?euerp camels la* 
 ting,bctng btit4oo,toaight ofours,toc agrceo to giue tljjee htoes of Ruflia, ano fourctoooooen 
 Diftjcs.ano to tbeputice 0? gouernour of tlje fapo people.one ninth,ano ttoo feucnths: jf5stnelp, 
 time feucrall tlj;ngs,aim ttotfe feueu feuerall things : foj moncp tijep ufe none* 
 

 m 
 
 ■STiie conntrcp 
 Dt Mangufljuc, 
 
 20. bapcstrai 
 Urtilc mrlie 
 UnlOcriiefTr - , 
 tcit!) fcatcirie 
 
 Stttotl)" gulf* 
 nf '.\)c Calpian 
 Gift. 
 
 Will. d< Rubri- 
 eisbcfcrtl>ett| 
 tilts vntfi- of 
 AtdokjCap.4. 
 
 Sclliiurf,0} 
 Shayzure. 
 
 Setters of faft- 
 tonouct. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M. <tAnth.fenkinfon t 
 
 <m tljusoclngreaop, ttjcfourmeiuijof s3>eptemUer nue otpartto from tjjat place ^bctBg a 
 Carauan ofatboufano camels. 3no Ijauing trauatleo fine rjapes ioiirncp,toecamctoanotljer 
 lattices Dominion , ano upon tlje map tSjere came Unto Us ccrtaine Tartars en bc?feback,l)cing 
 tocll armco, aim fcruants Unto tlje faioe li3?mcc calico Timor Soltan, gouernour oftlje faio coun= 
 trcpofManguflaue, toljeretoee meant to Ijauearriueoano oiftbargetiourbarkc,tf tlje great 
 Uo?m afojefapo Ijao not oifappointeo.^E-ljefe afo?efaio Tartars Capo our Carauan in tlje name of 
 tijcir^incMnij openco ourtoares,anotookefucljtbings as tljep tbottr>bt belt fojtbeirlaioe 
 piince totcljo'itt monep,lmt fo? fuel) things as tbep tookc from me, tobiclj toas a ninth (after mucb 
 oiiTenfion) 31 ritttc unto tlje fame pjince , ano p?cfauco mp felfe before Ijim , requeuing bis fa* 
 tiour ; anopafpo jt to trauaiic tljjougb bis countrcp, ano not to be robbco no ? fpcileoof bis people: 
 toljicb reqttea tje graunteo me, ano intertainco me Uerp gentlp , commaunuing me to be toellfea* 
 ficotoubncfrj<-uo mares milke:fo?b?eaotljcp Ufenone,no?otljero?inkcercept toater: but mo* 
 nep be Ijao none togitie nice foj fuctj tljings as be tooke of mee , tobicfj migbt be of ualue in Stifle 
 monepjfiftecne rubbles, butbegatteme Ijis letter, ano a ljojietooo?tlj feticn rubbles. 9no fo 
 31 oeparteo from bim being glaotljat3itoas gone:fo?betoasrepo?teotobeaUcrptp2ant, ano 
 if 3! IjaD not gone Unto bim, aunoerftoooebtscommauitoemcnttoas.tbatSlfljottloijauebecne 
 robbcDanOoritropeo, 
 
 'SbisSolcatiiuieDintbefieloes toitbout Cafflc 02 rotone, ano fate, at mp being toitlj ljim,in 
 a title rounoe boufemaae of reeoes couereo toitbout toitlj felt, ano toitbin toitlj Carpets. •Cljcre 
 mas toitlj bim tlje great Metropolitan of tijat totloe Ccuntrp, efleemco uf tbe peop!e,as tlje "S&i* 
 fljop of Rome is in moflpartsof Europe, toitlj outers otljer of Ijis cljiefe men. "SLlje Soltan toitlj 
 tbis Metropolitan Demanoro of memanp qttcflicns,as toel tottcljing our kingooms, lames, ann 
 5Reltgion,as alfo tljecaufeof mp comming into tljofc parts,toitljmp furtber pretence, t£o toljom 
 31 anftoereo concerning all tljings, as unto me fecmeo bed, tobiclj tbep tooke in gooopart,<§>o Ija* 
 uing leattc 31 oepartco ano ouertpoke our Carauan, ano pioceeoeo 011 our iottmep , ano trattatlen 
 2o.oapes in tlje totloerues from tbefea Hoe toitbout feeing totone 0? babltatton,carpingp?ouiltcri 
 ofotctualsii)itbbsfo?t!iefametime,anon)ereD?tuenbpneceflitptocateoneof mp camels ana 
 aljo?fcfo?ourpart,a6otberDiDtbeIike:anoDuringtljefai0 2o.oaiesuiefounonotoatcr,btttfucli 
 asmeDjetootttofolDOccpemelles,bcingUcrpb?ackiujanofalt, ano petfometimespafleo ttou 
 oi ttjj.ee oapes toitljouttbe fame.^nu tbe 5 .oap of ©ctober enfuing,toe came Unto a gtilfe of tbe 
 Caipian fea againe,tobere roe foune tbe "mater uerp freflj ann ftncete:at tljis gulfc tlje cuffomcrs 
 of tbe king of Turkeman met us,toljo took cttCome of euerp 1 j . one, ano 7. niutbes fo? tlje faioe 
 king ano ijis b?ctlj?en , turjtcb being recciueo tbep ueparteo, ano toe remauuo tbete aoap after to 
 refrefb our femes. 
 
 j^otetbattntimespatttberc uio fal into tljis gulf tlje great riuerOxus.tobitbbatljbtsfpnnga 
 intlje mountains of Paraponifus in India, ejnoto cometb notfo far.bttt falletb into anetber riuet 
 calico Ardock, toljiclj runnctb totoaro tbe 3i5o?tb,? confumctb bimfelf in tlje grouna palling un« 
 tier grottno abotte 500, miles,ano tljen ifluetb out againe ano falletb into tbe lake of Kithay. 
 
 Gtlcljautng refrcujeo our felues at tbefo^efaioe gulfc,ticpartH) tbencctlje 4. oapof iDctobcr, 
 ano tbe feuentlj oap arriuco at a cattle calico Sellizurc,tobere pkiug calieo Azim Can,remaineo 
 toitlj 3 .otljer ofljisbjetb?cn,anO tlje p.oap 31 toas commaunueo tocoinebefojebis p?efcnce,to 
 toljom 31 oeliuerco tbe <£mpero?s letters of Ruflia : ano 3( alfo gane bim a pjefent of a nintlj, tobo 
 entertainco meuerp toell, ano cattfeo meto eatc in Ijis pjefence as bis bjetbjcn oio, featting me 
 toitlj fleflj of a toiloc bo?fe, ano mares milk toitljout bjeao. Sno tbe nert oap be fent fo? me again, 
 ano afkeoof me oiuers o,ueQions,asto£ltottcbingtbe affaires of tlje<£emperoutof Ru^ia, as of 
 our countrcp ano latocs,to tobiclj 3 anfrocren as 31 tljougbt goootfo tbat at mp Departure be gatie 
 me bis letters of fafe conouct, 
 
 Cljis Caftle of Sellizure is Gtuateo Upon an U$ bill, toljcrctbe King calico tlje Can Ipetfj, 
 toljofe palace is built of eartb uerp bafclp.ano not flrong : tlje people are but poo?e,anu (jaue litle 
 traDc of marcbanDife among tbem. 'Slje s^outlj part of tbis Cattle is lotoe lanoe, but Uerp frnit < 
 ful^toljere groto manp gooo fruites, among toljicb tljere is one calico a Dynie,of a peat btgnefle 
 ano full of moptture , tobiclj tbe people ooe eate after mcate in tTeaoe of onnRe.^lfo tljere grotoes 
 anotljer fruite calleo a Carbufe of tlje btgnetfe of a great cacumbcr,pclIoto ano ftoeete as fugar: 
 alfoaccrtaineco?necallroIegur, toijofettalke is mucb like a fugar cane, ano as tyafy, ano tbe 
 grainelikc rice, tobiclj grotoetlj at tlje toppe of tlje cane like a clttflcr of grapes; tbe toater tljat 
 fcructb all tbat countrcp is o?attenbpottcbes cut of tl;c riuec Oxus, unto tlje great oeflruction 
 of tbe faio rmer,fo? toljicb caufe it falletb not into tbe Cafpian feaas it Ijatb Done in times pair, 
 ano in fljojt time all tljat lano is like to be DeffroieD,ano to become a toiloerrtes fo? toantof toater, 
 toben tlje riuer of Oxus fljal faile* 
 
M.aAntb.IenkinJon. TrafFiques,andDiicoueries. 229 
 
 Vr"enc«i 
 
 %\)Z 14. oap of tbe monetb toeac partco from tbis Cattle of S-'llizurc, ano tbe 1 6, ot tlje lame 
 tocarrtuea ata citiecalleo Vrgeucc.tobere toe paio ruttome as toel fo? our otonljcaos,as to? our 
 camels arte l)o?fes.9no batting tljere foiourneo one tnouct^acce noihg tlje time of our furtber tra« 
 uatle,tbekingoftbatcountrcpcallen AlySo]tan,b?at!)ertotbefo?eHamcoAzymCan,rcturneo 
 from a totouc calico Corafan , toitbin tbe borers of Perfia , toljiclj be larclp ban conqucrea from 
 tbe 'perGaris, toitb tobom be ana tljc rcSoftlje kings of Tartaria Ijaue continualltoarrcB, 15efo?e 
 iljisking alfo J toascommanoeo to come, to tobom 3 liketotfe p?eCenteatbe Cmperojs letters 
 pf RuiJra,nnD Or tutcrtaitieD iiic tud,ann ce nitinjco of mcoiuers qiteficons, ano atmpatparcure 
 gattc me bis letters of fafrconauct, 
 
 ©bis citpo? totone of Vrgcnce ftanwtrj in a pTaine rjronno , toitrj toaHesoftbecartb.bpcflfc 
 matton 4. miles about it, % lie butlomgs tot t bin it are alfo of cartb,but ruineo ano out of gooa 0?= 
 ocr: it barb one long Greet tbac is cotter cd aboue/tobtcb is tijc place of tljeir market. 3It bail; bene 
 toonne ana lot! 4, times toitljin 7. pceres bp ciutll toarrcs,bp meanes tobereof tljere are but few 
 merchants in it,ano tljcpbcrppoo?e,ano in alltljat to tone 31 coulo not fell abouc 4, kerfeis. %\yi 
 tljiefeft commootties tbere tola are Cud) toares as come from Boghar, ana out of Petfia, but in 
 mod final quantity not too?tlj tbe routing. 911 tbe Iana from tlje Caipian lea to this CitieofVr- 
 
 gence is CallCD tljelatVBof Turkeman, fjE iSfitbiecttOtljefaiO Azim Carjj atlO Ijlg b?Ct!j?en tobicf) STtjecoftiKtei! 
 
 be fiue innumber, ano one of tijem batlj tlje name of tbe rljiefe king calico Can, but Ijc is tittle o* of Tulkcn, " n - 
 bepcafouinginbi0otoneDominion,anato!jcrebcBtocIlct(j: fo? ruerponetoiil be iKittgof Ijts 
 otonepo?tion,auo one b?otljcrfecketbaltoapcsto aefirop anotljer.bauingno natural loue among 
 ibem,bp reafotubat tbe? ate begotten of oiuerstoomcu, ana commonlp tbep are tbe cljila?en of 
 flaues,ettbct£lj?ittians 0? ©entiles, toljtcb tlje fatber aoetlj beepe as concttbinc8,ana ruerp Can 
 oj Sultan Ijatbattbclcafi^.o? j.toiues^cu'Bes pongmaioensanobopesjliuingmoflbiciouup: 
 atiatoiicn tljere arc toarrcs bettoirt tljefe b?ctlj?en, (as tbep are fclcome toitljout)lje tljatis otter* 
 comeifbebenotilaincflietbtotbe fielo toitlj fuclj companieof men as toill follotoe Ijim, aim 
 tbere liuetb in tbetoiloerncfle rcfo?ting t° to atering places , ana fo robbetljana fpoilctlj as manp 
 Carauansof^arrbams ano others as tbep be able to ouercome, continuing in tbis fo?t bis trie 
 feea life.butil fuclj time as be map get potoer ana aioe to itwaoe fome of fjis b?etb?cn againe. Jf rom 
 tbe Cafpian fea Kitta tbe Cattle of Sellizure afo?efitia, ano all tbe Countreis about tlje faro feea» 
 tbe people liue toitbout totone 0? ^abitattan in tbe toiloe firlos, remouing from one place to ano« 
 tber tn great companies toitb tljeir cattel, tobereof tbep baue great tto?r, as camel0,bo?res,ana 
 fijeepe botlj tame ana to;lae. tljeir ujeepe are of great ttature toitb Steat buttocfes,toeigbing 60. 
 0? So.pouna in toeigijt. 31 here are many toilo ba?fes tobiclj tbeTarcars aoe manp times feil toitli 
 tljeir Ijatofces, ana tljat in tbis o?aer. 
 
 %\jt ijatoi?e s are lurea to f cafe bpon tlje beatts necnes j besns , tobicb toitlj cljafing of trjem* 
 felues ana foje beating of tbe batoftes are tireottljen tbe bttnter follotoing bis game coetlj flap tlje 
 Ijojfe toitb l)is arroto 0} ftoo^o. Jn all tljis lanae tljere grotoetlj no grafl~e 3 but a certatne b jufi) } 
 bentij ,to!jerecn : b: cattell feeaing become to:rp fat. 
 
 %\z Tartars ncuer rioe toitbout tbetr botojarrotoes^na fao?ii,altbougl) it be on batofetng,o? 
 at arrp otljer pleafttre,ano tljf p aregooa arcljcrs botbonbo?rebacfee,ano on foote alfo. Cbefepcoi 
 pie baue not tbe afe of goloe, fitttef 3 o? smp otber copne, but toben tbep lacfee apparcll 0? otber ne* 
 ceffaries, tljep barter njeir cattell fo? tlje fame. Ti5 jeao tl^p baue none, fo? tljep neitljer till no j 
 foto:tbep be great aettourers of flelrj,tobieb tbep cut in final pieces^ eat it bp banafuls mottgree. 
 6iip,5t£fpeciallp tbe bojfetlellj.&beir cljiefettajink is mares milfcefotojeo, as33 baue faia be foje 
 of tlje jliagapans, $ tbep toilbe a^unk toitlj tlje famcS-bep baue no riuers no? places of toater in 
 tbis countrep.tottil pou came to tlje fo?efaio plf, aidant from tbe place of our Unaing 20. aapes 
 tonrnep,erceptitbeintoels,tljetoatcrtorjerofisfalti(rj, jpetaittant tbe one from tbe otljer tteo 
 Oaiesiournep ano mojte.djcp eate tbetr meate upon tbe grouna , fitting toitlj tbetr legs oouble 
 bnaer tbem, ana fo alfo toben tljcp p?ap,9rt 0? fcience tbep^aue none,but liue mott iaielp,fittuig 
 rouna it: great companies in tlje ftelas,Beuifmg, ana talking mott fcainelp. 
 
 tJLfje 2 6.asp of jrJouembcr.toeacparteo from tbe totone of Vrgence.ana bautngtrattmlca I? ^herfnetof 
 tJjeriue'rOxus,ioo,nule,toepafleBOueranotbergreatriuercalleoArdock,toljcretoepaiaater- imotatus? 
 taine petpcuttomc^ljis riuer Ardock isgrcat.ana berp ftoift,fallingotttof tbefojefaia Oxus, of Ki«y. 
 ana patttng about 1 ooo.tmle to tbe J5o2tljtoara,it tljen confttmetlj it ftlfe in tlje grouna, ana paf- 
 fingtoiaer tlje fame about 5oo.mite, iifttftb out againe, aita falletljittto tbe l«ac of Kuay, as S 
 baue before aeclarea, 
 
 'Cbey.ofDcccinberfolIotoing, toe arriuea at aCattle calico Kaic.fubicct to aSoltan callea «ftecani«af 
 SarainetSoltan,tobomeamtobauerobbeBalItbeClj?!tttans tntbeCarauan, Ijaa it not bene fa j " 
 feare of Ijis bjocljcr t[je hittgof Vrgence^s toe tocre info jmcc bp one of bis c ijicfett counfcllcrs, 
 
 <£e 3 toba 
 
 Kait. 
 
8° 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, M.AnthJfenkinfon* 
 
 DiiihMtlonljp 
 fojccrif. 
 
 tobo toilleo lis to make Ijim a p i efcnc,tobicb be tooke^no oeliuereo: bcfiocs toe paio at tlje fato ca< 
 ftle fo? cul!omc,of euerp camel onereo bioeof Rufsia,befioes »»itp gifts to bis officers. 
 
 ■iEljuB pjoceeoing in out iournep.tbe tenth Dap at nigljt being at rcff, ann our toatcb fct, there 
 came tmto us fouce bo?femen,tohicb toe tooke as fpies,frcm toljom toee tooke tbeir torapons ann 
 bouno tbem,cmo bauing toell eramineo tljem, tbep ronfeffco tbat tbep ban teene ttjc tract of manp 
 bo?fcmen,anD no footing ofcamcls^gaue Us to ouDerftanDjtbat there toere routes ano tbeeues 
 ob?oaoe:fo? there trauatlefeto people tbat ate true ano peaceable in tbatCotmttrp,btit in compa« 
 nie of Carauan,to)bere tbcrebemanp camels i ano ljo?fefeeting ncto toitljout camels toere to be 
 ooubteD. (Htljereupon toe confulteo 9 Determinco amongff our fclucs, ano fent a pofle to tlje faio 
 Soltan of Kay re, tobo immeoistlp came ^tmfelfe toti^ joo.men^no mctte tljcfe fourc lufpecteo 
 men tobicb toe fent Onto him, ano eramineo them faQreightlkanotljjeatneotbeminfucbfbit, 
 tbat tbep ccnfcfTeDjthere toas a baniujeo lp?ince toitb ^o.men 3.eaics iournep fojtoato, tobo lap 
 tntoaittoocttropbs.tfbecculo.anoti^ttljcptbemfeluestoereofhtscompanie. 
 
 CljeSoltan thcrcfo?e bnoerflanoing.tbat tbe tbeeues toere not manp,appcintcDbs: So. men 
 tocll armeo toitb a Captatne to goe toitb os,ano conouct bs in our toap. 9no the Soltan bimfelfe 
 returnco backe againe,taktng tlje foure tljceues toitb Ijim/Shcfc foultiiers trauailrc toitlj bs itoo 
 Bapes,confumtngmutbofourtoctuaIs.3nDthe ^.oapin tbe morning brrp earclp tfrcp fet out 
 befo?c our Carauan, anDbaumgrangeo tbetoiloernes fc? the [pace of fottre boures , tbep metre 
 bs^onimtngtotonrosbsasfaltastljeiryojfecoulBrunnejanooeclateotbfittbtp bao fotmoe tbe 
 tract of hD?fes not farre from bs, percetuing toell tbat toe ftjoulo meete tottb cnemies,ano cIjcre-= 
 foje totlleo bs to appoiut cur felues ft? tljem,ano af keo bs tobat toee tooulo giue them to conouct 
 bsfurtber.o? els tbep tooulo returne. ^0 tobom toe offeree as toe t&ougbtgooo, but tbeprefu* 
 feo our offer,ano tooulo baue mo?e,ano fo toe not agreeing tbep Departco from us, ano toeii t back 
 10 tbetr Soltan, tobo(astoeeconiectureD)toaspjiuietotfjcconfpifacte,1Sut tljep being gone, 
 certaine Tartars of our compante calico bolp men, (becaufe tbep hao bene at Mecba) catifce 
 the tobole Carauan to tt ap, ano tooulo make tijeit p?apers ,ano oeuine botoe toee ftjoulo p?cfpet 
 in ourtournep ano tobetber toe fljoulo meet toitb anp ill companp 0? no':®otobic& ) ourtoboleCa- 
 rauan oio agree .9no tbep tooke certaine Ihcepe ano ktlleo trjem,ano tooke tlje biaoe bones of tbe 
 fame, ano firtf foooe them.ano tben burnt them.ano tooke cftbeblooo of tlje feio ujecpe,ano mm* 
 gleo it toitb tlje potooer of tlje faioe bones>anO to?ote certaine Characters toitb tlje fatoe blooo, 
 bOng manp otljer ceremonies ano too?ocs, ano bp tbe fameoeuineo sno fonno.tbat toee Qjouloe 
 meete toitlj enemies ano tbeeues (to our great trouble) but fboulD ouercotne tljem, to tobich fo?* 
 eerie, 31 ano mp companie gaue uo crcoit,but toe founo it true : fo? toitljin 3 .honrcs after that ilje 
 fouloiers oepaneofrombs,toljiclj toas the 1 7.0a? of December^ tbe mojningjtocefcriro farre 
 offDrttersbojfementobicbmaDetotoarBSbs,anotoe(perceiuingtbemtoberouer0)gatljcrcDouc 
 felues togetbcr,bcing40.ofostoelappointeo,ano able to figljt, ano toemaoeour papers topje* ■ 
 tbercuerp one after Ijislatoe, pjofelttngto line ano Die one tnitb anotljer, anofop^cpateo cur 
 felues, ftUbcn tlje tljceues toerenigb bnto bs , toe ptrceiueo tbem to be in number 3 7, men toelt 
 armcD.ano appointee toitb botoes,atrotocs ano ftoops,ano the captains a prince ba'-iinjeo from 
 IjisCountrep, ^Ijcptoilleoostopeeloe our felues, ojels tobellaine, but toee oenco tbtm, 
 tobctetoitbtljepnjotteatos all at once, ano toee at tljem berpljotlp, ano to conttmteo ourfigbt 
 from mojntng until ttoo [jourestoitbin nigljt,oiuers men,bo?fes ano camels being too tineco ano 
 g,mtigi!ii9 be- flaine on botb partes: ano Ijao it not bene fo? 4, IjanDgunnes tobicb 3! ans mp companie bao ano 
 n> pjofitabie. ufco 3 toe bao bene cucrcomeano oeftropeo : fo? tlje tbeeues toere better armeo,ano tocn al& bet« 
 tcratcbers tbcntoesTSutaftertoeebaoflaineoiuersof tbeirmen ano bojfes toitljout gtmnes, 
 tbep nurfl: not appjoclj fo mgb,toljicb caufeo tbem to come to a truce toitb bs bnttll tbe nett mo?=' 
 mng,tobicfjtoeaccepteD 3 anDeniampto our felues upon a bill, ano mace tlje falbion of a Callle, 
 toalling it about tottb packes of toares, ano laioe our ljo?fes ano camels toitbin tlje fame to faue 
 tljem from tlje Qiotte of arrotoes: anotbetljeeuesalfo incampco toitbin an arrotoefbotteof os, 
 but tbep toere bettoirt bs ano tbe toatcr, tobicfjtoas to our great otfcomfojt, becaufe neitljet toe 
 no? our camels haDDwnkem 2.oapes bcfoie* 
 
 ^buskcepinggooDtoatcb.tobenbalfe tlje nigljt toas tpent,tbePjtnceof tbetfjecues Cent a 
 meffenger balfetoapbntobs,tequitingtotalhe toitlj ourCaptainejintbeirtongue.tbc Cara- 
 uan Bjfha,to!joanfirereotbcmelTenger, 3Itotllnot Depart ftommp companie to goe into t\)t 
 rjalfetoaptotalbctoitljtbeerbuttf tbat t^pp?ince toitb all bis companie toill ftoeare bp out 
 latoe to kcepe tlje truce,tben toil! 3J feno a man to talke toitb tbee, 0? els uot.eSJbieb tbe ip?ince 
 bnoerftanoing as toellbimfelfe as bis companp , ftooje fo fouoe tljat toe migbt all bcarc. 9no 
 tljen toe lent one of our companp (teputeo a bolp man) to talke toitb tbe fame meffenger. €be 
 mtlfagetoaspjonounceoalouoemtl)iso?Der,lDur^mceotmaunDethoftbcCarauanBaflia, 
 
 ano 
 
M.<tAntbJenkin]on. Traffiques,andDiicoueries. 331 
 
 - 
 
 anDOfallpouthatbe BullarmansXtijatisiofaptitcumciftD^notDctinns^outblooDajtljntpcu 
 &etiucrinro&:BbanDS as man? Caphars.tbatis, toibelecuerb(meaniiigt.a tl;e CfjjiQtans) as oph™"" 
 arc among pou toitb their gooos, ano m fo Doing ,ijee toill fuffer pott to Depart toitb pour gocbs in 
 quiemcfle, anion tbcroncrarp,pouujallbebancilcDtoir.bno UfTe crucltp tfjcn tbeCaphars,tfbee 
 ouercomepeu,as heDoubtetbnot. ^otljetobicbourCarauanBafliaanfacrcD, tbatbcbaDno 
 Cb?ilrians in bis companp.no? other ttrangers, but ttoo burkes tobtcb toere of t fjcir Lato, ano 
 although bee hao, bee toottlD rather Die then Dcliucr them, ano tbattoetecre not afraioe of bis 
 tb?catnings, ano that CfjottlB be knoto tobcn Dap appeareD. 3nb fo patting in talke , tfje tbeeues; 
 (contrary to their otbr) caneo ottr ijolp man atoap to their lp?ince, trping toitb a iotoDc bopre in 
 ' token of bicto?p, Ollo,ollo t ELlbewtoitb U)e taere much Difcomfo?teD,fearing that that (jolp man 
 tooulD beerapos: but be being rruellpbatiDlcD ano much erammeD, tnoulo not to Death confeffe 
 anpthing tobicbtoas to bsp?ciuuictall,neitber touching bs , no? pet toljatmcn tljcpbaD ilat'ne 
 ano toounDCD of ours the Dap wfo ?e,<I2Jben the ntgljt toas fpent,tn tuc mommg toe p?epatet) our 
 felues to battel agatne ttohich the tbeeues pcrcewmg.rcquireD to fall to agreement 9 affeco ntucrj 
 of bU : 3nD to be b?tefe,tljc moll part of onr companie being iotb to go to battel acrame,anD hatting 
 IttletoloofejijfaferoDucccopaire.tottoerecompelUDtoagrce^anDtogtucthcthecucsjontuths 
 (that is to fap) 20 times pteucrall things, ano acantclltocarpatoap tbefame,to!)itb being re* 
 ceiucD,the tbeeues DcparceD into the toiloernes to thetr olD habitation , ano toe tocnt on cue toap 
 fo?toarD. anDtbatnightcametotheriuerOxus,u;'ljerctoercfrefl)eDourfdues,hauing bene g. srtjf riucror 
 Dapestoitljout totter anD D?inke,aiu> tarrteo there all tbcttertDap, making merp toitb our flaine °* ut - 
 bo?fes ano camels,anD then Deparcco from that place,? fo? feare of meeting toitb the faio tijerucs 
 againeojfucb like, toe left the high toap tobtcb tocnt along the faio rittcr.anDpaffcD through a jc ujiibcmw 
 toilDerncfl of fano,attD trauelleo 4 Dapes in the fame befo?c toe cameto teatcr : ano tljen ramc to a of fanDt. 
 toel,tbe toater beingbcrp b?acktu),anD tocthtn as befo? e toerc in neeoe of toater,ano of otljer bic* 
 tuals, betngfojeeb to kill our bo?fes ano camels to eate. 
 
 3]n this toiloernes alfo toe bao almoU fallen into tije hanDS of tbeeues : fo? one night being at 
 reif,ebereramcccrtainefcouteis, anocarteo atoap ccrcaine of our men tobicblapalttle feparateti 
 from the Carauan.tobcretoitb there toas a great ujoute ano cric,ano toe tmmcoiatlp laoeo our ca= 
 mels,ano DcparceD being about miontght ano bcrp Darke,anD D?otte fo?e till toe came to the riuec 
 Oxus againc,anu then toe fearco nothing being toallco toitb the faio Eiuer: ftobetber it toas fo? 
 that toe bao gotten the toater, 0? fo? that the fame tbeeues toere far from bs toben the fcouts Dif' 
 couereo bs,toe knotoe not, but toe efcapeo that Danger. 
 
 §>obpon ttjc 23 Dap of December toce arriucbat the ctti'e of Boghar httfje lance of Bacrria, B ?| ha ^ f rirte 
 ^Lhis Boghar is fitttatea in tbelotoetcpartof all the lanD.toallto about toith a bightoall of earth, ° a '""' 
 tottbDiturs gates into tbefame : itiSDtuioeDinto 3 partitions, tohercofttoo parts aretbekings, 
 ano the 3 part isfo? S^arcrjantsanD markets, anoetterpfcience batb their otoclling ana market 
 bp themfelucs.^be €itii is brrp grcat.ano the houfes f 0? the mod pact of eartb.but there are al* 
 fomanphoufes,templcsanb monuments of done fitmptuoulIpbutlDeD, anugilt, ano fpeciallp 
 batbiloues fo arttfictallp butlt,t(;at the like thereof is not in the too?lo : the maner toljcrcof is too 
 longtorehcarfe, Clicrct'saltttle rtucr running th?ough themiDDcftoftbefatDCitie, but the 
 toater there of is maffbnhoIfome,fo?tcb?eeDethromctimes in men thatD?inkethereof,anDefpe' 
 tiallp in them that be not there bo?nc,a too?me of an ell long, tohtch Ipctb commonl? in the legge ^wllm 
 bettoirt the flefh ano tbe f kinne,ano is pluckt out about the ancle toith great art ano cunning, the mens lrsju. 
 Smrgeons being mttcl) p?actifeo tljerein.anD if ujee b?eake in plucking out, thepartie Dt'etfj, ano 
 etierp Dap uje commeth out about an inch, tohicb is rclleo bp , ano To too?keti) till (he be all out, 
 Slno pet it is there fo?biDDen to D?inke anp Dther thing tbentoater,? marcs mtlke, ano tohofoettcc 
 is founD to b?eakc that lato is tohippeo anisbeaten mod crttellp tb?ough the open markets, ano 
 there are officers appointee fo? the fame, tobo haueautljo?ttt£ to goe into anp mans bcufe, (0 
 fearchifhehatte either Aquauicaj,toine, o?b?age, anefinoingthe fame, Doe b?cakc tbebeffels, 
 fpoi!etheD?inke,EnD punifh tfce mailers of the {joule rnott cruellp,pca,anD manp times if tbepper* 
 ceiue but bp the b?eattj of a man that be Ijatlj Djunke.toitljout further eramination he fijallnot ef- 
 cape their Ijanos. 
 
 ■Sbere is a S®ctropoIitane in this Boghar, toljo caufcth th'S lato to bee fo ffreigbrtp kept: ano 
 heismo?eobepeotbentbeking,anD toillotpofetheking, ano place another at bis toillanD plea= 
 fure,as he did bp this king that ratgneo at our being there, aHDhispieDeteLTour, bptliemcancs 
 ofthefapn Metropolitan :fo? be betrapeo him, ano in the night flttoe him in bis chamber, tobo - 
 toas a ip?ince that lotteo all CbJflKah* toell, 
 
 'vLW Coutttrep of Boghar toas fometinte Cubtect to the perfians, 5 do ncto fpeake tlje lj3cr= 
 Can tongue, but pecnoto it is a ktugDome of it felfe, ano Ijatlj molt cruel toartes contmuallp tottlj 
 
 tl;e 
 
' 
 
 1 
 
 
 -fii The Englifh Voyages, M.Anth.fenkinfbn. 
 
 Efje f ay ipcv Cans about tljetr r eligio n, alcfjoit cr b t b cp b e all e@ alio me t tfls . £ nt occaCon oftljcic 
 tears is,fo?thatthepcrfiansteill not cut the Ijaire of their upper lips, as the Boghanansans 
 all c tber Tart ars Doe.tobicb tljcp attempt ffteat finnr,ano cal tbem Caphars,that is,Dnbelecuers, 
 asthcpDoetbeCb?tffians. 
 
 "SLlje tons of Bog har l J at & no S rcat potter o? ricbes,bis re iteming are but fmall, arm be is molt 
 matuteinED bp the Cttie tfbjtjP taketb the tentbpenie of all things tbat are there folDe , as well bp 
 tbecraftfmenasbptbematcbants,totbeo;reatimpoue«tu;nientoftbepeop]e,tobombelsfepeti 
 ingreat fubiection,anD teljen be lackerfjmonep, hcfen&ecbbis officersto the ujoppes of tbefapo 
 ^arctantstotaKetbcirluares to pay l.ts Debts, anounllijaue crcttteoffoice, astl;e Iikebe Did 
 lopapmecertamemoncpthatbeotecome fo? ip pieces of fter&p, ■Sbctrmonepisfilttcrami 
 «fitcoptKor wpper, fo?golo tbere is none currant :tbep bane but one piece of ninety tbat is toojtb 1 * pence 
 Bogb». , «£nglilb,anD tbe copper moncp are calleo l3ooles,anD 1 20 of them gor tb tbe nalue of tbe laiD 1 3, 
 pence,ano is mo?c common paiment then tbe Bluer, tebicb tbe king caufetb to rife anD fall to bis 
 inofi aottantage euerp otber monetb, anD fomcttmes ttotfe a mom tb , net caring to opp?eue but 
 people, fa? tbat helokethnottoreigneaboue 2 0? 5 prrcs befo?e be be citber flame 0? D?iucna- 
 toap,to tbe great Deduction oftbecouwrep ano merchants, 
 
 %he 26 Dap of tbe monetb 31 teas commanDeo to cemebefoje tbe faiD king.to tohom 31 p?efen» 
 tcD the Cmperour of Rurtia bis letters, tobo intcrtctncDUs mofi gentlp, ano caufeD bs to rate in 
 bis p?tfcnce,anD Diuers times be feut fo? me,anD oeui&Dtoitb me fnmiliarlp in bis fecret cbam* 
 ber.as toelloftbe potter of the C-mperour,anD tlje great £urkc, as alfo of our countries, latoes, 
 anoreligion.anDcaufeD bs tofljootein banoguns btfoje bim, anDDlDhimfelfep?actife thesfe 
 tbereof. 35ut after all this great ititertainement before mp Departure be fbetoeD bimfelfe a berp 
 "Cartar : fo? be toent to tbe tears otoing me monep, ano faiD me not papo before bis Departure . 
 3nD although tnoeeDe be gaue ojuerfo? tbe fame.pet teas 31 Dene ill fatiffico, anD fo^rcc to rebate 
 patt.ano to cake toares as papment fo? tbe red contrarp to mp expectation: but of a beggcrbetter 
 paiment 31 coulo not haue,anti glao 31 teas fo to be pato ano DifpatcheD, 
 
 ^ut pet 3 mult neeosp?aife 9 tommeno tbis barbarous ting , tobo tmmeotateip after mp ar* 
 rtnall atBogbar,baning bnoerttnoDecurtrouble teitb tbe theeues, fent loomentocl! armefl, 
 anD gaue tbem great charge not to returne befo?e tbep baD either flafne 0? taken tbe fapD tbreue*. 
 £0tho acto?Ding to their romiflion rangco tbe toiloerues in fuclj fo?t , that tbep met teitb tbe fain 
 companpoftbceueSjanDfletopart, anopart flcDDe, anD fburertjeptooke ano brought bnto tbe 
 feing.ano ttoo of tljem toere fb?e toonnDeo in our f kirmiuj teitb our gunnes : 9no after the ting 
 bao feut fo?me to come to fee tbem, be caufeD tbem all 4 to be bangeo at bis palace gate,beraufe 
 tb?P teerc (gentlemen ,to tbe erample of others. 3nD of fucb gooDs as tecre gotten againe, a faa» 
 part re3o?cD me,ano this gooD iuHice 31 founD at bis banDS. 
 
 &bece is perelp great refo?t ofsparcbants to this Citie of Bogbar, toljicb trattailc in great 
 Carauans from the countries thereabout aDioining, as India, Perfia, Balgh, Ruflia, to'tb Diuers 
 otbers,ano in times patt from Cathay ,toben tljere teas paflagc: but tbefc Stgarcbants are (0 beg« 
 gerlpanDpoo?e,anD bjingfo little quantitie of tearcs,lping ttoo oj 3 pceresto fell tbe fame, that 
 there isno bope of anp gooo traoe there to be baD toojtbp tlje follotoing, 
 
 'SbeebtefecommoDitiestbat are bjougbttbttbtr outoftbefe fo?efapD Cotmtreps, aretljefe 
 folloteing. 
 %\)t 3lnDiansDce biing fine tebttes,tebicb the Tartars do all roll about their heaDs,pal other 
 ofiSlif** kioos of tobiteSjtebtcb ferue fo? apparell maDe of coton teooll anocrafto, but golDc, Cluer, p?ect« 
 ons Hones, anD fpiccs tbep b jing none. 31 enquireo ano pcrceiueo that all fucb faoe paffetb to 
 tbefficeanfea,anD the bainestobere all fucb things are gotten are in tbe fubircttonofthe Ipoj* 
 tingals. Cbe3IuftanscariefcomBoghar againe tojougbt Bikes, reDhiDess,u"aues,auDbo?fcs, 
 teub fuel) like, but ofScrfcis ano other clotbjtbep make little accompt.3JoffercD to barter toitb; 
 Cparcbants of tbofe Countreis.tobtcb came from the furtbett parts of India, euen from the coun* 
 trep of Bengals,? the riuer Ganges, to giue tbem tfcrfies fo? tbtir commooitits, but tbep toouto 
 not batter fo?fucbcommoDitie as cloth, 
 ^arrttanwrc 'vLbt "perfians Do tying tbitber Craska,toollen tlotb.ltrmen cloth , Diuers kinoes of tojougbc 
 ofp«Ba. pice filkes,3rgomacks,totth fucb like, anD Doe carie from thence reDDebtDcstoitb other Ruflc 
 tearcs,anDflaueB,tehicb are of Diuers countretes, but clotbtbep totll bp none , fo? that tbep b?ing 
 thither themfelucs.aiiD is b?ougbt»nto them as 31 haucinqutreDfrom Aleppo m Syria, ano the 
 Q9arrt)antn0s parts of Turkic, ^be Kuffes Doe carte Dnto Boghar,reDDe biDes.lbeepefkinncs, teollcn dotb of 
 %f RuiEa. ciucrs fo?ts,teooDDen DefTeIs,b?iDles,faDDles, teitb fucb '»**> ano ooe carie atoap from tbence Di- 
 ners kinoes of teares maDe of cotton toooll,Diuers kmoaof Clkes, Crafca, teitb other things, but 
 tbere is but Ottal Dtterance,^rom the Countreis of Cathay are bjought tbitber in time of peace, 
 
 ano 
 
M.zAnthJen^infon. Traffiques,andDiicoueries. 333 
 
 anDto^titl)e\»apt9opt«,imift,nibacbe,fattfn,Damarke,lDitl)DuicteDtI)ect^np.5tmp being 
 at Boghar4;cre canieCarauans out of alUljefe fo?eftitD Goantn'cgjCrcfpc from Cathay:anD tl;e 
 cattfe tohp tljcrc came none from thence toasthe great manes trjat Ijaooureo 3 peresbefojc mp 
 commingthithe^aiio pet oureo bcttoirt 2 great Countries $ cities of Tartars, that arc bircctlp 
 in the toap bettoirt tbefaio Boghar ano the fain Cathay,anC ctrtainc barbarous fieloe people, as 
 toll (gentiles a ^abometiflsbojocring to the fats Cities. 'Cecities are cal'eo Taskenc anu 
 Caskar,antitbepeoplctl)attoarreapiiilrTaskenc arc calico Caflaks of tbrlato cf Mahomet: 
 anc tbep UJljtcb toarre toitb the fapo countrep of Caskar are callea Kings, ©entiles 9 ioolatcrs. 
 ^befe 2 barbarous nations are of great fo?ce liuing in the fielos toitljouc jjoufe c? totone, f) l;auc 
 almoftfubcueotbcfojefatDcitics^fo floppcobp the toap, tbntitisirpofublefo? anpCarauan 
 to paffe bnfpoilcotfo that 5 pcres befoje our being trjercno Carauan bao gone, j bfeo trace bc= 
 ttoirtthe countries of Cathay ano Boghar,ano tohen the toap is cleare, it is p monetbs iournep. 
 
 ©0 fpcake of the faio countrep of Cat hay,ano of fuchnelues as 31 ha»e hcaro tbereof,3! Ijauc 
 tljouojbc u bett to refcrtteit to our mcctincj. 3 hauing mace mp folate at Boghar tntheSHintec 
 time,ano hauing learnco bp much inquiOtion, the trace thereof , as alfo of all the other countries 
 thereto aoiopuing,anO the time of the peere being come, fo? all Carauans to ocpart.ano alfotbe 
 king being gone to the toarres,ano nciues come that be boas fleo,ano 31 acucrtifco bp the Spctro- 
 poUtanhiinfeIfe,ti)at31fhouIot)i£port,bccauCe the totone toasiifce tobeebefiegcD: 3 thought it 
 gooo ano mccte, to take mp iournep fome toap, ano oetermineo to haue gone from thence into 
 Perfia,ano to Ijauc fecne the traoc of that countrep, although 3i bao enfo?meo mp felfe fufftcitnt-- 
 Ip thereof, asbjcll at Aftracan,as at Boghar: anoperceiueDtodlthetraoes not to be much bn* 
 Ithe the traces of Tartaria : but tohen 3 fhoulo bauc ta< 'en mp iournep that toap,, it boas le t bp oi= 
 ucrsoccafions: the one toas,thc great toars that Din netolp begin bettoirt the Sophie, ano the 
 kings of Tartaria , tohcrcbp the toaies toere ocffropeo: ano there toas a Carauan ocffroieo 
 toithrottcrs ej tbrcues, tobich came out of India anb Pcrfia,bp fafe conDuct : ant: about ten bates 
 iournep from Boghar, the? lucre robbcb,aitD a great part flaine, &lfo the apetropolitancf Bo- 
 ghar, toho is greater then the king, tooke the Cmpcro?s letters cf RufTia from me, toithout 
 tobich 31 fhoulo baucbenetaken fiaue in euerp place: alfo all fuc!jtoarcsas3lbao rccetueo in 
 barter fo? cloth, ano as 31 tooke perfo?ce of the king,? other bis 3flobIes,m paiment of monep oue 
 bnto me,toere not benoible in Perfia : fo? tobich caufes, ano oiucrs others, a bias conftraim& to 
 comebackc againe to Mare Cafpium,the fametoap 3! to cut : fo that the eight of Oparch 1 5 59,toe 
 oeparteo out of the faio Cttie of Boghar, being a Carauan of 600 Camels: anb if toe bao not cc= 
 parteotohentoeoic,31anomp companp hao bene in Danger to baueloff life anb gooos. fo? ten 
 baicsafter our oepatture,tbeWngofSamarcand came luith an armie,$befirgeD the faio Citie of 
 Boghar, the king being abfcnt,ano gone to the tears againff another pn'nce, htskinfman, as the 
 likechancetbinthofeCountrie8oncemttooo?th?cepcres, jFo?it tsmaruell, tfaJXingreigne 
 there abotte thjee 0? fourepcres,to the great Deftruction of theCountrcp.ano merchants, 
 
 ■Che 2 5 of£^arcb,toecametothefojefapDtobjneofVrgence,anDefcapeotljeoangcrof4oo 
 roucrs,tobiclj lap in toaite fo ? be backe againe^cing the mo ft of them of kino?co to t'jar companp 
 oftheeues,tohichtoemcttotthgoingfoo?th,astoepercciueo bpfoure fpics , tohirhtocre taken. 
 'Chere toere inmp companp, ano commitceo to mp charge , ttoo ambaffaco?s, the one from the 
 kingofBoghar, the other from the king of Balke,anD lucre fent bnto the Cmpcro? of Ruffia. 
 Sno after hauing tarieo at Vrgencc, anotheCaffle of Sellyfure,ciiiljt bates fo? the affemblincr, 
 ano making rcaop of our Carauan, the feccno of Slp?illtoc oeparteo from thence, hauing foure 
 moe9mbaffaoo?E in our companie,fcnt from the king of Vrgence,anD other S)oltans, his b?e« 
 th?en,bntotlje€mpcroj of Ruffiajbaith anfboerc of fucb letters as 31 brought than: ano the fame 
 ambaffaoojs toere alfo committee bnto mp charge bp the fepoe Kings ano pjinccs : to nihome 31 
 p?onufeomoftfaithfullp,anofu)0?ebpourlabo,thatthepQ)OtilObelijellbfta in Rufland, anb fuf= 
 fereo to ocpart from thence againe in faf ctic, acco?oing as the Cmperojt hao tujitten alfo in Ijis 
 letters :fojthepfomelbbatooubteo,becaufe there Ijao none gone out ot Tartaria into Ruffia, cf 
 long time before, 
 
 ■Che 2 ; of ap?tll,lne arriueo at the Mare Cafpium againe.tohere tue fotino our barke tohiclj 
 toe came ittjbut neither anker,cablc,cocke,no j faile : ncucrthclcffe nice bjottght hcnipe tottb bs, 
 ano fpunnc a cable our felucs,toitb the rell of our tachling,anD mace bs a faile of cloth of cotton 
 toooH,ano riggeo our barke as toell as toe coulc, but boate o? anker toe hao none. Jjn the mcane 
 time being ocuifing to make an anker of ttooc of a cart tobcelr,tbcrearriueo a barke,tohich came 
 from A(tracan,mith Tartars ano Kuffes,tohicb hac 2 ankcrs.toitbtohom 31 agreeo fo? the cue; 
 ano thusbcinginareaDincs,toefetfaileanoocpartco,3i,anothetli!olohnibns being Smaller ano 
 Epatmersouffelues, Ijauing in our barke tlje faio fire f,mbarfaco?s , ano zs&uffeg.tohicbhao 
 
 bnt« 
 
 f@^rchiiiitill« 
 
 T.iskcnt f Caf- 
 car. 
 
 He rf tttrnf t?) 
 tl'f cittht of 
 
 Vrgencc. 
 
 ■STftctthigcf 
 Balkc,oj balgb. 
 
flag in tlje 
 <Safptanfta. 
 
 334. The Englifti Voyages, M.Anth.fenfyifon. 
 
 beneliaucsalongtimein l'arcana, nojeuerbaobtTojenvpconmung.iibcrtie, ojmcanescoget 
 ^otne,auij tljcfe flatie© fcrueDtorotoetohcnnecDetoas, 'Cbus failing fbmEtimefi along the coatt, 
 ano fometimes out of fight of ianoc,t!jc 1 3 .Dap of Spap, batting a contrary toinoe,toce came to an 
 mitjcr^facing tl;?ce leagues fronuI)Efl)Oare ) $t!)ererofeafo?cCo?me,lo(3!c[jcoiitimict)44.!)ourcs, 
 anoout cable being of our otonefpinmng,b^Re,anD loft otic anker,ano being offa lee &joarc,ano 
 IjatttngnotioatetoIjelpebS^luetiopfcODUcfailejariO barcroomcr Untljttje fatDfljoareJoofeingfoj 
 }j?efeuttieati):butas(6ot)p?outt!cofoit)S,toerannetntoacrecfecfuIofo?e,anofofaueaourfel«eiJ 
 mitt!) out barke ; rj linen in great Dtfcoinfojt fo? a time, jf 0} altljouglj toe ffjoulo baue efcapeD toitlj 
 our line? the banger of the fea, pet if our bsrke liaD perifljcD, tbc kucto toe fbctilD haue benc^ettfjee 
 DertropeD,oj taken tTaues bp trje people of that Couture?, toho Iiuc totlDlp in the fielojike beaGs, 
 toithoutboufeo;ihabitation.£huBtohcntbefl^^^ 
 
 anDljauing fetthelwD toitlj otic Compalfe, ano taken certainemarkes of tbe fame, During the 
 time oftJje tempeft, toljilett me riooe at our anker, toe toent Directlp to the place toljere toe rrooe, 
 toitlj our barke againe ,anDfotmnour anker lubicbtoee loft: toljereattlje Eartars nmcrjmaruei= 
 leo, boto toe mo it. Subtle toe toere in the crceke, toe maDe an anker of tooobof carttohcslcs, 
 tobtcbtoeljaDtn our barke, toljicb toetbjetoatotip, toljen toeeljaDfounD out pjon anker agnme« 
 SEJit'otn ttoo oapes aftcr.tljere arofe another great fei?me, at the H5o?t heaff, ano toe lap a trie,be= 
 ingDn'uen far into the fea, ano baD much aDotokeepeourbarkefromfinkmg.tljebillouictoasfa 
 great :but at tljelaftjbauingfatretoeatlic^toetooketljeSjuniie.anDknotoiitgtiottetfjelanDlap 
 frombs,toe feltoitbtbclRiuer Yaik, accojoing to otic Defire,tohercf tbe Tartars toere ucrp glati, 
 fearing that toeeujouiDhauc bene ojiuento the coaffoflpccfia,toljofc people toere bntothem 
 great enemies. 
 
 tflot c, that During tlje time of our 312auigation,toee fct bp tlje resoe croffe of S.George in our 
 flsggr s, t'oj Ijonout of tfje Cbjiffians, toljicb 31 fuppofe toas ueuer ftene in tbe Cafpian fea be* 
 foje, GTtepaffeD in this nopage Ditiersfo?tunee: nottotthfianDiug the 28. of 9gap toe acciueD in 
 fafetic at Artracan, anD there remameD tilltbetentljof lunefollotoing, as toctl to prepare w 
 Dnall boatrs , toroe bp againft tlje ftrcame of Volga, toith our gooos , as alfo foj tlje companie 
 cf tl;e3myaffa'Jours of Tartaric, commt'.tcD Unto me, to bee bjougtjt to tl;eyjtfence of tl)C<£m« 
 perour of Ruffia. 
 
 Chis Cafpian fea (tofap fome thing of it) is in length about ttoo bunDjeu leagues, auD in 
 fyeaDthiso.totthotttanpiffue to other feas: to the Call parttohereof, topnetb the great oefett 
 COtmtrep of tlje Tartars, catleDTurkemen: tOtbe&Kefl, tlje countries of tbe Chyicaffcs, tlje 
 
 mottntaines of Caucafus, ano the Mare Eux«ium,tobtcb is from tlje faio Cafpian feea a rjunojcu 
 leagues, Co tlje jfrojtlj is tlje riuer Volga, anD tlje JanD of Nagay , sno to tije &outb part iopne 
 m itatfthif sc- the countreps of Media ano Perfia. '©his tea is frefb "yater in manppIaces,anD in other places as 
 tfdfu/a'if/a £ ' J ' falc as our great Ocean, 3itljacbmatipgooBlp&tuers falling into ft, aira i: auoioctb not it felfe 
 crcept it be bnDer grottno, ©be notable Etutrs that fall into ir,arc Erii tbegreat Hiucr of Volga, 
 calico in tlje Tartar tongue Edeil,tohicb fp?tngctij out of a lake in a marrtuj 0? platnc grouno,noc 
 facrcfrom the Citieof NouogrodeinRuffia, ano ittBfromtliefpjingtothe^ea.abouettoo 
 thoufanoeCngiifbmtlcS. 3t hath Diuers other gooDlpKiuersMling into it, as out of Siberia, 
 Yaic,anDYem : 9lfoetttofCljemountatncS of Caucafus, the Kiucrs of Cyrus anD Arafh,anD 
 
 Diners others, 
 
 as touching tljetraDeofShamakyinMediaanDTebrisjtoittj other totonesinPerfia, 3Jhatte 
 cnquireD,anDDotoelIbnDerftanB,thatitiscuenlikctotljCM:aDcsofTartari3, thatis little totte* 
 rance,ano fmall p?oftte : ano 31 hatte bene aDucrtifcD that tlje ibiefc traae of Perfia is into Syria, 
 anD fo tranfpo jteD into the Leuanf, fea ♦ %\yz fetoe ftjippes bpon tlje Cafpian g>eas, tlje toant of 
 Sparc anD po?t 'SDtones^lje pouertie of tlje pr ople.ano the ice,maketh tljat craDenattght, 
 
 at Aitracan there toere merchants of Shamaky, toitlj tohom 31 offereo to barter, ano to gute 
 tljem kerQes fo? their toares,but tljep tooulo not, faping, tbep hao tljem as gooc cheape in tljcic 
 cottntrcp.as 31 off reD them,tobtclj toas fire rabbles foj a kerfie.tljat 31 af kco ; ano tohile % mas at 
 Bogbar, ttjere tucrc l)?ougl)t trjitljer out of Perfia, Clotrj, anDDiucrscommoDittesofottr couu« 
 tries,toljich toere folo as gooo cljeape.as 3 (night fell ours. 
 
 Che tentlj Dap of 3lune,toeDcparteD from AftracantotoarDs tljcMosco, Ijauingan hnno?en 
 gunnecsinourcompanpattheSinperojscljargeSj fo?tljefafe conouct oftlje Tartar anrbaffa^ 
 do?s anD me, SnD tlje eight anD ttoentletlj Dap of 3iulp folotoing, toee arriueo at the citie of Ca- 
 zan.ljautngbcne upon the toap from Aftracan tljitljer, lire toeefeesanomoie, toitfjout anp rcfrc 
 fbing of utctnals : fo? in all that toap there is no habitation. 
 
 "S-hefetteutlj of auguft folotoing, toecoeparteofcomCazan, anDtranfpo?teD our gooDsip 
 toater,as farre as the cute of Morum, anD tl;en bp lanD ; fo that the ftcotui of g>eptember,toe ar^ . 
 
 tiucQ 
 
 Cafpian fea. 
 
<Ricb.Iobnfen. Traffiques, <3c Difcoueries, 535 
 
 rtuED at tbtcitie of Mofco, ano tbe fourth Dap 3 came befo?e tbe <£mperours Spatettie, kiflco Ijis |jJ'" r S*' a 1 ^ 
 
 j ) anlj > anBpjEfcntcObimal»IjiteCotte0taaeofCathay,anDaDjuijimfofTartaria,lo^cIjl)Cto£U § e] Jtroanr. 
 
 acceptcD.3I&3lbjougbtbefo?c^maUttjcamljaffa»o?0tJ)attoerccomttittt£Dtompc^tge,ii»it(i 
 
 all tbe Ruffe flaues t ano that Dap 31 DineD in bis Spaieflie spjefcnce, ano at Ditmrr.ljis (Srace Cent 
 
 me meatt bp aDube,$ af ftt D meoiuers queffions touching the lanos ano countreis lnbcte 31 ban 
 
 bene. 3nD tbus 31 rcmaincD at tbe Mofco about pout affaires, Until tfje 1 7.Dap of jf cb juarptbac 
 
 pout wares toere Cent Dotone : ano tljen bauintj licence of tbe Cmpctojs ^Nellie to Depart,tbe 
 
 2 1 .Dap 31 came t° P° tl1 ' ^ ouft at Vologhda,anD tbere remaineo Until tlje breaking Dp of tfce pete: 
 
 ano tben bauimr, feene all pout gooos laoen into pour boates, 31 Dcparteo toitrj tbe fame, ano atti* 
 
 ueDluit^allin fafetie atColmogrotbc o.of qjjap 1500. anDbere3! ceafefoj this time, intrea« 
 
 ting pou to bcare toitb tljts mp large Difcoutfe , tobiclj b^ rcafon of the Uariette of matter, 31 coul9 
 
 matte no ftjojter, ano 3j befcetlj (Sod to pjofper all pour attempts. 
 
 The latitudes of certaine principall places in 
 Ruflia,and other Regions. 
 
 Mofco in 
 Nouogrod tbe great 
 
 Nouogrod tbe letfe 
 
 Colmogro 
 
 Vologhda 
 
 Cazan 
 
 Oveekc 
 l Aftracaa 
 
 "\ at tlje entrance intotfjeCaf- 
 pian fea. 
 
 Manguflaue beponDtlje Caf- 
 pian Tea, 
 
 Vrgence in Tartary 20. Dapes 
 iournep fro tbe Cafpian tea, 
 
 Boghar a Citie in Tartary 20, 
 » Dapes toutnep fto Vrgence, 
 
 Deg, 
 
 55 " 
 58 
 56 
 64 
 
 59 
 55 
 5 1 
 
 47 
 
 45 
 
 h 
 
 42 
 
 19 
 
 Spin, 
 ' 10 • 
 26 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 33 
 40 
 
 72 
 00 
 18 
 
 l to J 
 
 • 
 
 Certaine notes gathered by ^khardlohnfon (which was at Boghar 
 with CM. Anthony lenkinfon ) of the reports of Ruffes and other ftrangers , of 
 the wayes of %yjjk to Catbo}a,u\d of diuers and Grange people. 
 
 The firft note giue n by one nam ed Surnichohe a Tartarian fubiedt to the Prince 
 
 of 'Boghar, which are alio Tartars bordering vpon Kizilhajh or Perfia, declaring the vvay 
 from Aftracanfaeing thefurtheft part o(RuJJIa,to Cathaja as foloweth. 
 
 arCffromAilracantoSerachickbpIanD, trauartingbplepfureas^erctjajttjSbte 
 
 tuitb toares.is 1 o. Dapes iournep, 
 1 jf rom Serachickto a tolune nameb * Vrgenfhc,! 5.Dape?, 
 
 ' JTromVrgenflietO Boghar, ij.DapeS, 
 ' front Boghar to Cafcar.jo.OapeS, 
 JftOmCafcartO Cathaya, 30,-DapeStoUtnep. 
 
 By the fame partie a note of another way more fure to 
 
 traueile, as he reporteth. 
 
 FRom Aftracan'tO Turkemen bp tl)E Cafpian fea, 1 o.DapcS toitljbatkes", 
 from Turkemen bp lance fpcciailp toitlj Camels , beating tbe toejgbt of 1 y^oouesfoj tfoefe 
 common burthens, is io.DapestoVrgcnfhe. • 
 jFtom Vrgenfhc to BogViar, 1 j.DaptS. 
 
 Note. 9t tljis Citie of Boghar is tlje matte j meeting place bettoecne trjcTurkcs afflmatfonis 
 
 of tfjofe parts anDtbeCathayans. 
 Slfo tlje toll tbete is tlje 4o.patt to be papeo of SperrijaitDtf euoj gosBg, 
 
 "SUVrgune, 
 
 ' 'II 
 
 il ' it II ; 
 
V> 6 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Way to fatbaia: 
 
 jFrom thence to C-afcar'is^nemoneths iournep, anD from Cafcar( being the frontier of the 
 great Can,hauing m.anp t oton c s ano fojtcss bp tt»c toap)is alfo a monetljs trauel fo j merchants bp 
 lanD to Cathay. 
 
 jf urt !)cr, as he fath heato (not hatting bene in thofe parts himfelfe)lhips map faile from the Do* 
 minions of Cathaia unto India, jStitofotljertoaics, o^hoto theteasuebpanpeoafihecknotor 
 etbnot. 
 
 Theinftru&ion of another Tartarian merchant dwelling in the 
 
 citie oiBoghar, as he hath learned by other his counttcymen which haue bene there. 
 
 FJrttfromAflracanbp fca to Serachick is 15 oaics: affirming alfo that a man map trauell 
 the other map before toMttenbp'&urkemen, 
 
 Jfrom Serachick to Vrgenceis 1 5 DapeS. 
 
 Jfrom Vrgence to Boghar alfo 1 5 Dapes, 
 
 33ote. ifcbcfe lafl 3 o Dates iournep is toitljout habitation of fcoufesi: the refoje traueflerg looge 
 in their otone tents, cany ng toitb them to eate.their fetter all p jcuifione ; ant) f 0? D?me(fe there bee 
 tnanp luels of faire toatcr at equal! batting places! not farre oiltam tiaplp to be fjao, 
 
 Jfrom Boghar to Taskent caGe tr auelling toith gooDs,is 1 4 napes bp lanD. 
 
 Jfrbm Taskent to Occient 7 Dapes, 
 
 jrromOccent toCafcanotiaies, 'ChisCafcartsthe head tetone oj citie of another punce* 
 lying betlueene Boghar anD Cathaia, calleD Reihit can. 
 
 jfromCafcartoSowchick jobaicsiournepjtohtcljSowchick is tljefirflbojcer of Cathay. 
 
 tfrom So wchick to Camchick 5 Bates iournep, ano from Camchick to Cathay is 2 monctbs 
 iournep ,all the toay being inhabited, temperate^ toel rcplenifbed tottb innumerable fruits,? the 
 thtefe citie in that to bole lant) is called Cambalu , tohicb is pet 1 o Dates iournep from Cathay, 
 
 3epond this lane of Cathay ,tohich thep pjaife to be ciuill 9 bnfpcakeablp ricrj, is tbe countrep 
 named in the Tartarian tongue Cara- calm ack inhabiteD toith blacfec people ; but in Cathay , the 
 mod part therof ffretcljtng to the funne riling, are people tohitc ano of faire completion. tZDbcft 
 religion alfo s as the ■Eartars report's chn'flian, o? after the maner of Chjittians , ano their lan« 
 guagepeculiar,oiffering from the Tartarian tongue. 
 
 ^hcre are no great ano furious 15carcs in trauelling through 1 the toaies afo?efaio,bttt toolues 
 tuljice ano blackcflnd becaufe that tooocs are not of fucfa qwantitie there,as in tfaefe parts of Ruf- 
 iia.butinmanerrat^crfcanttbenplenttful, as is rcpojtcD , the Scarce b?ceD not that toap, but 
 fome other beau's (as namelp one inRufle calleu Barfc)are in thofe roafis. 'SEhis Barfe appeareth 
 bp a f kinne of one fecne here to fell, to be nerc fo great as a big lion fpottco bcry faire anD there* 
 foje vue here take it to be a Leopard } fttger. 
 
 3ftote that 20 dates iournep from Cathay is a countrepnamtD Angrim,tohercliuetrj the beaff 
 that bearetb the bed Spuf be,? the p?tncipall therof is cut out of the knee of the male, ©he people 
 are taunic, ? fo? that tlje men are not bearded no; Differ in completion from toomen,thep baue cer- 
 tatnetokensof iron,thatistofay: the men tueare the funne rottnD like a boflebpontijcirfiioul* 
 ocrs.and toomen on their pjiuie parts. "Slheir feeding is rate fleuj in the fame land, anD in ano» 
 ther calico * Titay : the Duke there is calico Can/Ehf P toojlhip tlje fire,ano it is 34 dapes iour» 
 nep from great Cathay,anD in tbe map Ipetlj the beautifull people, eating toith kniues of golde, 
 Smait i»oi>it. ano are calico Comorom, anD tlje lano of fmall people is neerer the Mosko then Cathay. 
 
 Sttgrim. 
 
 Mandeutlle 
 
 fpraketij Bert 
 of. 
 
 fl>t«itap. 
 
 Vfctiojabm 
 ucbapes ioiir- 
 nrp bp lanD 0? 
 hmtccfrom 
 Ob. 
 
 The inftrudions of one of Permia , who reporteth he had bene 
 at Gathay the way before written,and alfo another way necre the fca coaft, 
 as foloweth, which note was fent out of Ruflla from Giles Holmes. 
 
 FJrff from the pjouineeofDwina isknotoen the toap to Pechora, ano from Pechora trauei* 
 ling Dht h SDlens oj^art0,is fire.oapcs iournep bp lano^no in tlje ©ommer as much bp mater 
 totheriucrofOb. 
 
 ■She Ob is a riuer full of flats, the mouth of it is yo.&ufTe milest ouer.3nD from thence thjee 
 Dapes iournep on tlje right hano is aplacecalleDChorno-lefc, tofapin€ngliuj,blacbeU)ooDS, 
 ano from thence neere hano is a people calleo Pechey- cony, toearmg their haire bp his oefcripti* 
 on after the 31riuj fafijion. 
 
 jfrom Pechey-cony to loult Calmachey th?ee Dapes iournep, fj from tfjence to Chorno.Cal- 
 lachay tb?ec oapes tenoing to the S>cutljeatt. 
 Cljefe ttoopeopie are of the Tartarian faitlj.ano tributaries to the great Can, 
 
 Here 
 
The way to Qathata, TrafFiques,and Diicoueries. 337 
 
 Here follow certaine countreys of the Samoeds which dwell vp- 
 
 on the riuer Ob 3 and vpott the fea coaHs beyond the fame, taken out of the Rufe tongue 
 word by word, and trauailed by a Rufle borne in Colmogro , whofename wzs Theodov 
 Tomtirin,vi\io by report, was flaine in his fecond voyage in one of the laid countreys. 
 
 , Ipon tlje Caft part brpono the cottntrep of Vgori , the rater Ob is tlje molt SEte* 
 I ffermoft part thereof. Qpon tlje fea coaft Dtortl Samoeds , ano tijett tountrcp is ' 
 1 caHepMoIgomfey,tohofemcateisfIeujof ffilens, o^arts.auo jFifb.anODoe 
 > eate one another fomctinies among tbemfelttes. 3nD if anp C!9arcbancs come 
 i unto them, then tljcp hill one of their cljito jen foj their fakes to feafl tbem toitlj» 
 * all. 9no if a J©archant cljance to Die toitb tljem,tljep hurtehtm not,bttt eate htm, 
 ano fo Doe cfjep eate tljem of their otonc countrr p liketoife. 'Cljep be cttill of fiojht,antjbaue fmall 
 nofes,bttt tljep he ftotfc ano fboote berp toell.ano tbep trauaile on partis antj on ooggcs,anD tljcir ^ tatlf,1 '"s on 
 apparell t£!§>ables ano partis f ktnnes. Chf P Ijaue no Sparcljanotfe but tables onelp, ° ss # t " ut *' 
 
 2 Stem, on the fame coafl 0? quarter bepono thofe. people,anD bp the fea Boe alfo ooth btoell 
 another kince of Samoeds tit like maner,bauing another language.SDne monetlj in tlje peere thep 
 Jhte in tlje fea, ano Doe not come 0? btoell on the D?p lanD fo^tljat monetlj. 
 
 3 Stem bepono tljefe people, on the fea coaft , tljcr c is another kinbe of Samoeds,tljcir meate 
 is fieuj 1 ano fin), ano tljcir mertljanoife are tables, toljtteanD blackejfores (tobicljtbe Rufles 
 call Pielts) ana !J>arcs f ktimes, ano j? atones f tonnes. 
 
 The relation of Q>aggi Memet a Perfian Marchant , to 'Baptijla (2^- 
 mufiut, and orher notable citizens of Venice, touching the way from Tauris 
 the chiefecitie ofPer/ia, to Campion a cicie of Cathay ouet land : in which voyage he him* 
 felfe had paffed before with the Carauans. 
 
 I 
 
 FKom Tauris to Soltania. 
 jfrontSoltaniatoCasbin 
 jTrom Casbin CO Veremi, 
 tfroittVcremitoEri. 
 jFromEritoBoghara. 20 fntp 
 
 JfroBogharatoSamarchand, 5 1 
 tfromSamarchandtoCalcar. 25 I 
 JfromCafcaitoAcfu. 20 J 
 
 f jTrom Acfu to Cuchi. 
 I JFromCuchitoChialis, 
 
 JfromChialistoTurfon, 
 
 IS IjjapCStOUt' J jFromTutfontoCamul. 
 
 1 jfromGamultoSuccuir, 
 
 JTrom SuccuirtoGauta. 
 
 JTromGauta to Campion. 
 
 20 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 13 aiapesitoMrs 
 15 [nep. 
 
 5 
 
 \ 
 
 6 
 
 
 _ 
 
 5 ut > 
 
 fromtobenre 
 
 anijich Campion is acttt'e of tlje Empire of Cathay in tfccp?otunce of Tangut, from tobenre 
 S&e gceatefl quantittc of ftttbarbe commctlj, 
 
 A letter of SigifmondYmg otTolonia, written in the 39. yeere ofhis 1559 
 reigne to Elizabeth the Queenes moft excellent Maieftie of England,Sic. 
 
 Slgifmudus Auguftusbp tijegtaceof<$ODkttigofPoIonia, great Duke of Lituania, Ruflia, 
 Prufli a, Maflouia, ano Samogetia, $c. Lojd ano Ijeire jr. to the molf j^oble pjinccfle tatie 
 Elizabeth bp the fame grace of ©on shueene of England , France ano Ireland , p. ourbeare 
 filler anbkinfetooman,grecting enD inrreaOecf all felicitie. SLthereas pour 39aieGtc tojitct^ 
 to bs that pou Ijaue receiuco ttoo of our letters, toce hatte looked that pou (boulD hatte anf mntu 
 to tljembotlj. jFtrtttotheone, tntohkh toe intreateomo^e at large info^biooing the bopage to metmtta 
 Narue, tobtcb if it hap bene Done , toe Ijab bene bnburocneD of Ca often testing of one matter: n«« fojWDj 
 anb mtgljt haue anfujereo pour Spateflie much better to the pttrpofe. jfroto toe tljus anfwere to of PoLa. e ■ 
 pour ^aicflie to thofe matters of the tobtcb pou to jitte to bs tlje 3 of ©ctober from Windtore. 
 JFir2,fo jafmuclj as pour S^aiefite at tlje requefr of our letters batlj DifcbargeD tbe arrett of S©ar= 
 cljants gooDS,anD of tbe names of tlje menof Danske our fttbiectg,toljicljtoa8 fetbpon tbembp 
 tbecommanocment of pour fi^aicftie : ano alfo Ijaue rcHojeo tlje oloe ano ancient Ubertic of traf* 
 fique.tocarknotoleoge great pleafure none bnto bs in tbe fame: ano alfo tbinke it to bee bone 
 accojbingto common agreement maoe in times pad. .li5eitljcrtoeretoecueratanptimeof anp ^eanttmt 
 otljer opinion toucbtng pour fl0aiettie, but tljat toee ujouln obtatne right ano rcafonat pour conniantBof 
 Ijantjs. f ojafmttch as toe liketoife lljall at all times be reabp to grant to pour sp .lieftte, making ^im^t- 
 anprequeRfo^pottrfubiects, fofarreasfljallllanD tottljiuttice, pet neitbertotll tocpeclDanp «aod*piuiHj. 
 tbtngtopourijpatcttiein conteutionofloue, beneuolence, anbmutuaU office, buctbattoeitibge 
 
 Jff eucrp 
 
 I 
 
?38 
 
 I 
 
 Cf)EniC()lt£8 
 
 of mcrciiffof 
 r&cpoturrof 
 
 UIK. 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, M.Anth.fenkinfon. 
 
 eucrp goob tttrne ofpouca to be recompenfca bp bs to the bttcimofr : ano that (ball toe pjooueas 
 occafion (ball feme, Cberefoje toe (bail commatmo the arrcfls , if anp be mane bp cur fubtcrts 
 (asicisbnknotoentobH,) of merchants goobs ano Cnglttb names to be fiifcbargeo : anbftjall 
 f PtfMffSii' confeme tbeolDelibenteoftrafficfce, arm all other things tobicbu^fceme to ar#erteinetB 
 lc x u netgl;liout!jooDbctUieenebsantipottr£paie(rp:fotbat none oftl;efubiects of pour S^ateflpbere* 
 after pjefume to bfe the nautgation to the Natue fojbibben bp bs, anb full of banger net onelp to 
 our parts , but alfo to tbe open beflruction of allCbjiffians ano liberall nations, %\)t tobicb as 
 toe bauc tr>jtttenafo?e,fo noto toe tojtteagaine to pour Spaieftp that toe knoto anb fecle of afure* 
 tp.ttje Sj&ofcouitc,enemp to all Itbertp totoer tbe heaucns,oaplp to groto migbtier bp tbefnereafe 
 of fuch tbings as be brought to the Name , tobile not onelp toares but alfo toeapons beeretofo }t 
 totknotoen to him, ann artificers ? arts be brought bnto Jjim : bp meane tofjereof be maketb bim= 
 felfeCronp; to banquiOi all others, (KHbicb tbings, aslongastbisbopapjetoNaruetsbrcti, can 
 not be floppeb. 3m> Bjeperfcctlp knotopottr SjDaiefip cannot be ignorant boto gteattlje rruelep 
 is of tbe faio enemp,of tobat fojee he is.tobat tp jamtp (je bfetb on his fubiects,ano tn tobat ferutle 
 fojttbepbetoibcrbim. JUefcemen hitherto to banquifbhtm onelp in this, that he toas race of 
 arts, ano tgno ?«nt of policies. If fo be that this nauigacion to the Name continue, tobat (hall be 
 Dnknotoen to him *: 3Lberefoje toe that knoto bc(t,anb bo?ber bpon him.oo atmtoniflj other Cbjt> 
 ftianpjinces in time, tljattbepbonotbetrap their bignttp, libcrtp ano life oftljem ano their fub= 
 tects to a mod barbarous anb cruell cntmp,as tr e can no leffe oo bp the butp of a €^)iiian pjince. 
 jFo? noto toe Eo fo?efce, ercept other p?mces take this abmonition, the Sgjcfcouite puffebbptn 
 pjtne toith thofe things that be brought to thcNarue, ann maoe mojeperfcecw toailike affaires 
 toitbengines of toarre anb ffjt'ppes, toill make alfault this toap on CbjiHenoome, to flap o j make 
 bound alt that (ban toitbftanb him : tobicb ©od befenn, C2Mj tobicb out abmor.it ion biuers prin- 
 ces altcabp content thcmfelues,ano abflaine frcm the Narue. %l)c others that toill not airframe 
 from the Capo uopagc (balbe impeacheb bp cur uau:e,ano mcurre the banger of ioffe of life,libcr* 
 tp.totfe ano cbilo jcn. jQoto tbetfo je if the fubie cts of pour spaietlp toill ~fo?beare this bopage to 
 Narue, therelbalbenothingoentebtotljemofbs. Let pour Spaictrptoelltocighanoconftcert^e 
 rcafons gtoccaGons of our flopping of (hips going to the Narue. jn tobtcbflopping,our fubtects 
 of Danske be in no fault,as toe haue alreaop tojf ttcn to pour S0aieftp, neither bfe toe their cotm* 
 fell in the fame, 3!n anp other matter , if there be anp fault itt them againfl pour 8g>a:effp o j pour 
 fubtects,toe toil', glablp do iuflice bpon them, that pour spaicftp map toell bnberflano that toe be 
 carefull of pou ano pour Cubiects. Neither tbmke toe it meet to take Hamburgh , o j anp other 
 place to iuoge the matter : foj toe haue our councell 9 iuogement feat at Rie, tobere pour Spate* 
 ftp 9 pour fubiects,o? anp ottjer,fbal haue iufiicc amnint ft re c bnto them, toith tobom toe haue ban 
 ancient league ano amttp. 3no thus much toe haue thought gooo to let pour Sgaieftp bnoerftairo. 
 jfarepetoell. Dateb tlje ftjtt of December the jp of our reign?. 
 
 SfgifmuMdtu is:ngufl»s Rex, 
 
 The Queenes Maiefties Letters to the Empcrour of ^«/?/^reque- 
 fting Iicence,and fafc conduct for M. Anthony Icnkin/on to pafle thorow his 
 kingdoms «/Ruflia,«/o Perfia,ftf the Great Sophie, 1 5 6 1 . 
 
 Lizabetha Dei gratia, Anglia;,&c.Regina,fereniriimo&potenti(ii- 
 moprincipi, D.IoanniBafihuich, ImperatoritotiusRu(iia!,M3gnoDuc«, 
 &c, Salutem,& omnium rerum profperarum fceliciflimum incrememum. 
 Potentiflime Princeps, res eft nobis ad memorandum longe gratiffima, ilia 
 veftra- Maieftatis erganos&noftrosamicitia. Qua; tempore fceliciffima: 
 memoria; Regis Ed wardi fcxti.fratris noftri chariilimi.Dci benignitate in- 
 cepta, deincepSTcro veftra non foliim iingulari humanitatealta atque fo- 
 ta,fedincredibili etiam bonitate au£h atque cumulata, nunc autem omnibus beneuolentiae 
 vellrarofficijsiicfirmata eft atque conftabilita, vtiam minimedubitemus, quincaadlaudern 
 Dei.ad gloriam vtriufque noftrum , ad publicam noftrorum vtrobique regnorum immeniam 
 con»modicatem,ad priuatam fingulorum vtrinque fubditorum optatam fpem, certamque fce- 
 licitatcm multis fit deinceps feculis duratura. Et quanquam hzc veftra bonitas,pleni(Time fe- 
 feeffudit in omnes nofttos fubditos, qui fete in vllas imperij veftri partes vnquam rcceperunt, 
 (pro qua ingentes noflr as, vtpar eft, gratias veflrse Maieftati habemus, vcftrffque siciifim in 
 omni opportunitatis loco libentifllme feicmus) tamen abundantia benignitacis veltta:, in ac- 
 cipiendo , tamque humanker traftando noftrum fidelem & perdilc&um fjimulum Antonium 
 Ienkinfon,qui has perfeitliteras/eorfirn nobis gratiifima exiftir. Nam pnetcrquam quod nul- 
 
M* Anth. Ienkinfon. Traffiques,&Difcoueries. 
 
 m 
 
 lisnonlocisveftri Imperij St magna libertare, & fumma humamtate veitri lerenitatis non 
 permiffu folum, fed iultu etiam fruerctur, veftra bonitas tamen non in hac domeftica bcnigne 
 faciendi racione conquieuit,fed perhbenter & vitro cundurh noftrum hunc perdileclum famu- 
 Ium, varijs exccris principibus, quoquouerfus ipfe iter fuum inftituerat, literis fuis, fuo magno 
 Imperialifigilloconfignatiscommendauit. Quod beneficiumillivbiuisgentium,&viam fine 
 vllo periculo, propterpublicam veftiamfldem, &aduentum cum magno fauore, propter ve~ 
 ftram commendacionem, optace quidem & fceliciter corhrriuniuir. Itaq; quemadmodum ge- 
 mina base veftra beneuo!entia,cum ilia generalis exhibita in veftro regno iiegotiantibus fubdi- 
 tis noftris vniuerfis,tum ifta feorfim prxftita huic Antonio Ienkinfon, perfideli noftro famulo, 
 nobis in mentc non folum ad gratam perpetuamquc memoriam, veriim etiam ad mutuam, vel 
 opportunam compenfationem, firmiffime defixa eft : ita, petimus a veltra Maieftate vt vtram- 
 que beneuolentia: veftra: rationem&communem noftris vniuerfis,& priuatam huic noftro di- 
 lectofamulo.vtrifque deinceps digneturtueri,atq; conferuare. Neque nos quidem diffidimus, 
 quin quern fauorem veftra Maieftas antea fua fponte Antonio Ienkinfon, turn quidem priuato 
 oftendit,eundem nunc noftro rogatu eidem Antonio in noftrum iam f am tilatum cOoptato be- 
 nigne velit denuo declarare. Et propterea petimus a veftra Maieftate,vt dignetur iterum con- 
 cederecidem noftro famulo, Ikefasfuascommeatus, publico fidei,acfaIuicondu$us,quarum 
 tenore,authoritate, atque prsefidio,fit illi, familiaribus fuis,& feruis, tutum^ liberumquc, cum 
 mercibus,farcinis,equis,& bonis fuis vniuerfis,inuehendis euehendffque,per veftra regna, do- 
 micilia,atque prouincias,proficifci,ire,tranfire ) redire,abire,& iftic morari,quamdiu placuerit, 
 &inderecederequandocunque illi aut fuis libitum fuerit. Et ficut non dubitarrius,quin veftra 
 Maieftas hrcc omnia humanitatis grata officia , pro immenfa bonitate fua? naturse benigne & 
 largiter hiiic famulo noftro fit conceflura,ita valde optamus,ade6que petimus, vt veftra Maie- 
 ftas eodem noftrum famulum,vna cum omnibus fuis familiaribus,ac bonis,exteris alijs princi- 
 pibus Iiteris fuis digneturcommendare,pra?fertim verb atque feorfim MagnoSophi,Perfarum 
 Imperatori , in cuius etiam impcria & ditibnes idem nofter famulus gratia potiffime experi- 
 undiperegrina coinmercia,proficifci vna cum fuis confthuit* 
 
 Confidimus igitur hxc omnia noftra poftulata pro famuli fpe, pro fioftra expe<5tat ione,pro 
 veftra bonitate, pro noftrorum vtrinque fubditorum commoditate,faufta illi, grata nobis, ac- 
 cepta etiam veftra; Maiefti,& noftris vtrobfque perquam vtilia euafura. Deus veftra? Maiefta- 
 tis,&c. Datum in celeberrima noftra Ciuitate Londini, anno mundi 5523. Domini ac Dei 
 noftri Iefu Chrifti l $6i t regnorum vero noftrorum tertio. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 Elizabeth bp the grace of<Son, Sitteene of <Eno;Iano , ?c. to the right ercellent, antinghc 
 mightte 1pmice,lLortIohn Bafiliwich, Cmperourof aURu(Iia,f c, greeting;, ano moft hap« 
 pie increafein allpjofperitie. Eight mightieipjince, tbeamitieof pout apaieflte touoaros os 
 ano our fubiectj is iacrj> pleafant to tie to be rememb jeo, tobtcb being begun bp the goooneffe of 
 <Soo in the rctgrie of our moftecare brother of happte memojie, Sing Edward the firt,anti afcer= 
 toaros, through pour not onelp lingular humanitie, fed, anonourilbeD, but alfothjough pour in- 
 creotble gootmetfe increafeb ; ano augmenten, is noto firmeo aim eftabliffjerj, Voitlj all maner of to* 
 feensi of pour bencuolenee, that note toe boubt not.but tljat frombencefoo jtb,6uring manp ages, 
 the fame (ball enourc to the pjaife of ©on, to both our gloiies, to the pttblikc great commorjitie 
 of our Kealmcs on either part,anb to the pjiuate ucfireo hope, ano certeine felicitte of all our fub- 
 tectss. SLnn although that this* pour gootmeffe hath bencabunoantlpertenoeotoaUour fubietts, 
 tljathaue at anptime repaires into anp part of pour Cmptre , fo? the tohich tuee gitte (asreafon 
 is) pour Spteflie right Ijcartie thanks, ano toill againe ffjetu the like bnto pours, right totlling« 
 Ip.tohenfoeueroppo^tunitte fljall require t pettheabunuaKce of pour benignitie botlj inrecei' 
 utrtg, anu alfoin enterteining ourfaitljfuH anb belotteo ferttant, Anthonie Ienkinfon, tbebjin^ 
 ger of theft our letter&ig bnto bs ft? him pjiuatelp berp tbankefull. f 0? befiDes this,that in all 
 places of pour (Empire , he not onelp bp pour spatcflteg fufferance , but alfo bp pour commanDc 
 ment, eniopeumuchlibertfc, ano great fricnofhip, pour gootmelfe not ceafing in this pour do- 
 me&icallDifpou'tionofcIemencte, mo right toillinglp, anoofpourotoneabunDant grace, com' 
 Weno ttjefame our toelbelotteoferuant,bp pour lettcrsfealebtoith pour 3!mperiallfcale,tofun= 
 tyiefojreulpjiinces, bntoiohomhetoasmtnDeotoiournep : toljich pourmagnificenceDiDpur-- 
 tfrife bnto him happilp,acco«ingto hisfbclire, bothpaffage tuithoutallperill, though pour no= 
 table creoit, ano alfo atchteuing of his iournep through pour commenoation, 'Sherefojclifeeas 
 t|jefe pour ouplicateu beneuolencep,botf) tljat one gencrallp er|)ibit eo to all our fubiccts frcquen= 
 
 f f 2 ting 
 
w 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, The Queries letters. 
 
 ting tljstpotir UUalme , ano alfo tljts tbe otljctr ertcnoeo apart to tljts our ttgrjc tattyiu.1 leruanc 
 Anthonielenkinfon,t3ristjtaffurcolpfatteneBUtour remembrance, notonclpfojaperpetuall 
 anogratefuHmemo?iall,butalfoforamutuaH ano meet comuenfetion : fa toe Dcfireofpour 
 S^ntettie, toboucljfafe from bencefoojtlj to conferue ano continue tlje gemmate oifpefitton of 
 pourbeneuolences, botlj general!? to all our fubiects, ano alfo pjtuatelp to tljts our beloueO Der* 
 uant. 3no toe Doubt not, buttljatatourrequcff, poutoillagatnegraeiouupujetobntotljsfame 
 Anthony.noto aomitteo into our feruice,trjelifeefauoras rjerctofojt pour spaieflpof pour meere 
 motion did crljibit e bnto ljim,being then a pjtttate perlim. 3m> tfoeref c?e toe befire pour S$aieu> 
 t ftfoones to grant to tlje fame our feruant,pour letters of ltccnce,pafpo jt,$ fafe conouct,t^oug(j 
 tlje tenour,autljo?itp,ano Ijelpe tofjereof,(je, bis fcruants,togetljer toith trjeirmcrcljanoife^bag- 
 gages,bo;i{es,ano gooos totjatfoeuer.tljatujailbe b?oucujtm,o?carrieD out,bp o?tljojoto all pour 
 empirejktngoomejijominiong^nt! pjouinccs,map furelp ano frcelp icurnep,go,paue ) rcpau"e > De* 
 part, anotljeretarpfo longasufljallpleafeljim : ano from tljence retttrne tobenfocuerttujall 
 feemegooDtoljimojljis x ano astoe Doubt not, but that pour^aieffptnt&egooDnclteofpoM: 
 nature toill graciouflp ano abtmoantlp grant all tljefe gooo offices ofJjumanitp,fo toe do (jcartilp 
 Deltre cljat pour 9t9aieffp toil liftetotfe boucljfafe to rommenD tlje fame cur feruan^togerfjer toitft 
 all bis gooos.bp pour letters to otljer fojren Pjtnces.ano fpeciallp to tlje great <§>opljp,ano €m- 
 perour of Perfia.inco toljofe empire ano ittrtfoict ions tlje fameour feruant purpofetlj toithljts fo; 
 to ioumep, chteflp fa? trial! of fojren merdjanDifes. 
 
 aBe tberefoje ooe trull tfjat alltljefeour oemanos ujall term, ano fjaue effect, accojoing to i&e 
 lioue of our feruant, ano to our expectation, f o ? pour toealtlj, fo? tlje commooitp of both out fub= 
 iects, lucjkp to Ijim.t&anftefullto bs, acceptable to pour Spaicflp, ano berp profitable to our Cute 
 tectson eitijerpart, (Soo grant bnto pour 9^aieffp long ano Ijapppfelicitp in earth, anocuerla* 
 fling in (jeaucn. Datco in our famous cttp of Lonoontbe 25 oapoftbemonccIjof8p?il,tnt(je 
 peere of tbe creation of tlje toojlo 5513 , ano of our £ojd <Soo aefujs Cljjtft 1561 , ano of out 
 retgnetljetrjiro* 
 
 The Queenes Maiefties Letters to the Great Sophy ofTerJta, fent 
 
 by M. ^Anthonie lenkinfon. 1 5 61 . 
 
 "slgs» _ _ ^tT Lizabetha Dei gratia , Anglia* , Francis , & Hibernian Regina, &c. 
 Potentiffimo & inuicMimo Pnncipi, Magno Sophi Perfarum, Medo- 
 rum, Parthorum, Hircanorum, Carmanorum, Margianorum , populo- 
 rum cis & vltra. Tygrim fluuium, & omnium intra Mare Cafpium,& Pcr- 
 (icum finum nation um arque Gentium Imperatori falutem, & rerum pro- 
 fperarum fceliciflimum incrementum. Summi Dei benignitaic factum 
 ?J eft, vtquasgentes, nonfolumimmenfaterrarumfpacia, & infuperabiles 
 marium vafticates, kddc ipfi etiam coelorum cardines longifliine difiunxerunt, ipfsE tamen Ii- 
 terarum bono & mentis certacogitata, & humanitatis grata officia, &intelligentia: mutua; 
 multacommoda facile inter fe& opportune poilinc communicare. Itaque cum perdileclus, 
 & fidelis nofter famulus Antonius lenkinfon, qui has literas nofl ras perfert , cum bona venia, 
 fauore , & gratia noftra hoc Anglix noftrse regnum excedere , & in Pcriiam vfque , veftrafque 
 alias ditioncs Dei benignitate penetrare conftituerit, hoc illius inftjturum perlaudabile qui- 
 dem graco noftro fauore profequi, &promouere ftuduimus : idquodconoslibentiusfaci- 
 mus, quoniam hoc eius propofitum ex honeflo ftudiocommercijeonftituendi potiflimum 
 cum ve(lrisiubditis,alijfqueperegrinishominibus,adveftraregnaconfluentibus,omnin6ex- 
 ortumfit, Propterea nobis & fcribendumadveftramMaieftatem, ab eaque petendum efle 
 duximus, vtnoftrorogatudigneturconcederehuicfamulonoftro Antonio lenkinfon literas 
 publics fidei, & talui conduclus, .quarum authoritate atque prarfidio, licitum, libcriimque fie 
 ilh, vna cum fuis familiaribus, feruis, farcinis, mercibus & bonis vniuerfis, per veflra regna,do- 
 micilia.ditiones, atque prouincias Iibere, & fine impedimentoproficifci, ire, tranfire, redire, 
 abire, & iltic morari, quamdiu placuerit, & inde recedcre, quandocunque illi vel fuis Iubitum 
 fuerit. Si hare fancta holpitalita tis iura & dulcia communis humanitatis officia , inter nos , no- 
 ftraregna, noftrofque fubditoslibcnterconflitui.fincerecoli, & conftanterconferuari queanr, 
 fperamusnos, DeumOptimum Maximum effeclurum, vtab hijsparuisinitijs, grandiorare- 
 rum momenta , nobis ad magna ornamefita atque decus , noftris ad fumma commoda atque 
 vfus, aliquando lint oritur a ; fiquidem, vt non terra, non mare, non caelum, ad noslongiffime 
 feperandos, quam diuina ratio communishumanitatis, & mutus beneuolentia; ad nosfir- 
 miffime coniungendos plus viriumhabuiflevideatur. Deus falutem omnem, & foelicemin 
 
 terris, 
 
M*rfnth.fenkinfon. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 341 
 
 terns, & perpetuam in coelis, vcllrxconcedat Maieitati. Datu.n in Anglia, in cclebri noitra 
 vrbeLondino, 2jdiemenfisAprilis, annomundi, 5513, DominiacDcinofttilcl'uChriftt, 
 Ij6r,regnorumvcr6noftrorumtertio.' . 
 
 ■■ " • ■ 
 
 The fame i n Englifli. 
 
 ELi?.abeth,bp the grace of vSotijdttf erte of Cnglano.frc, 3Eo the right migbtt'cano right bic= «in a mm 
 tojiouslpjince, the great §>ophic, €mperoucofthePerfians,Medes,Parthians,Hircans, n,ae |] d {J > J : " ie * 
 Carmanians , Margians , uf the people on this fioe, aitO beponD the rittcr of Tygris s anD of ail airo'stato;!"' 
 
 men, ano nations, bettoeene the Cafpiau tea, anotbegulfcofPerfia, greeting, anomofthappte 
 inereafetnallpjofperitie. 3BptbegooDneueoftheaimigbtie<8oo itisojoelneo, thatthofepeo» 
 pie, tuljtcli not onelp tlje rjttpjc Dillancc of etc lanos, anothctnutotibletoioeneiTcofthefeas, but 
 alfo the berp quarters of the heauens 00 moft farre feparate, anD fet afunoer, map neuertrjeleffe 
 thjougfogooo commenoatton bptojiting, botbeafe, ano al& communicate bettoeenethem, not 
 onclp the cotir ciucD thoughts', o ? oelibc rations, ano gratefull offices of humanitie, bM alfo ma= 
 np commoDities of lmitttall intelligence* i£herefo?e tohereas ottr faithfull , ano right toelbclo- 
 ueo ft ruant Ant honie Ienkinfon, bearer of thefe our letter?, is oetr rmineb toith our licence,fa- 
 uour, ano grace, topaueoutofthisourftealme, anobp (Sods fuifcrance to tratteUeuen into 
 Pctfia, ano other pour iutifoicttous : toeininoe truelp totch our goon fattour, to fee fojtiiaro, ano 
 amtaitce that his right lauoablepurpote : ano that the mo? e toillinglp, fo? that this bis cnterpjife 
 isonelp grounoeo bpon an honeftintent,toeflablifh trace of mertbanoife toith pour fubicccs,ano 
 toith other Grangers trafftktng in pour realmes, ffiaherfeje toe haue tfjougljt gcoo.botb to tojite 
 to pour spaicfiie, ano alfo tobefire the fame, robouchfafe at our reqttcff , to grant to our fapo fee? 
 uant, Anthonie Ienkinfon,gooD pafpo?ts,ano fafe conoucts, bp meancs.ano autfcojitie tohereof, 
 ttmapbcfreeanDlatofullfojbimjtogctlKrtoithhisfamtltars.feruants^ariagcSjnicrcljantiife, 
 ano gooos tohatfocucr, thojoto pour Eealnws,Dominions,3|utifotctions,ano 13?ouinces,frce= 
 Ip,ano tottboui impeachment.to iourncp, go, paffe.rcpaffc, ano tarp fo long as he fhall pleafe.ano 
 from thence to rcturne bobenfoetter hro jtljep (hall thinke goon, 3lf theft help ouctics of entet* 
 tainment, ano ftueet offices of naturallhumanitiemap be toillinglp concluoeo, fincerelpcmb?a* 
 ceo, ano fitmelp obferucb bcttteenebs,anB our Hea!mes,anD fubiccts, then toe do hope that the 
 Sllmtghtte <Soa toill bjmgit to paffe,tbac of tljefe fmall beginnings, greater moments of things 
 (ball hereafterfpjing, both to our furniture ano honours, ano alfo to the great commoDities, ano 
 bfeof our peoples :foit will be fcnotoen that neither the earth,thefcas,no?thebeauens,bauefo 
 mud) fojeeto feparate bs,as the goolp bifpofition of natural! humanitp.ano mutual! bencuolence 
 haue to topne bs flronglp together. <Sod grant Onto pour Spaieftie long ano bappp felicitp in 
 eat cb,ano perpetuall in freattcn, Dateo tit €nglano,m our famous citie of ionoon, the z 5 Dap 
 of tbemonetbof 3p?il, mthepereofthecreationoftbetoDjlD,5j23,anD ofourlojoano q3qo 
 3iefus ^bjtft, i56i,aiioofourrctgnetl)ethiro, 
 
 A remembrance giuenbyvs the Gouern ours, Confuls, and Affi- 
 Hants of the company of Merchants trading into Rufta , the eight day of 
 May 1 561, to our truitie triend syinthonie lenkinfon, at his departure towards Rtsffla, and 
 foto PsrJ!a,\a this our eight iourney. 
 
 j^\ 3rfl pou fhall bnoerff ano that toe haue laoen in our gooo fljip , calico the S wal- 
 N^flow, oneCheff , tlje kepesa tohcrcof mt bocheereDeliuerpou, ano alfo a bill, 
 [tohereinaretojittenparticularlpthe contentsintljefapDCheff, anotohateuetp 
 thing did coft : ansbecanfe, aspouknoto, thefapoCljeCis of charge, toeoe» 
 fire pou to haue a fpeciall regaro onto it, ano tohen <3oo fhall feno pou onto 
 ' Mofco , our mmoes ano toill is , that pou , toith the aouile of our Agents there, 
 boe appoint fome fuchpjefents fojtljeCmperourano hisfonne, eitl;ertoine, cloth of golDe, 
 fcarlet, oj plate , as topottrgooootfcrettonfballbe tljougijcmeet, ano toljenpouhaueoeltue-- 
 reo Onto him tbeQuecues gpaiefties JLettcrs , ano our fapo pjefent in the nameof tbeCompa^ 
 np, toe'thtnke ft gooo chat pou make pour humble fute Onto his $)ighncffeinourname, to get 
 his licence 0? fafe conouct fo? pou ano all other our fcruants 0? agentsat all times hereafter toith 
 fuel) toarcs ano mercbanoife as pou at this time , 0? thep hereafter at all other times (hall thhtke 
 gooo to parte out of his Dominions totoaros Tartana , Perfia , 0? other places , ano alfo to re* 
 tunie onto Mofco toith fuch toares ano merchanbifes as pou fhall tying 0? feno fromanplano 
 ojcountrcptljatisnotinhtsoominions, ano if it be thought gooo bppou ano out agents c|jere 
 
 ft 3 to 
 
w 
 
 TheEnglifti Voyages, InflruBwnsfor Terfia, 
 
 to make compoKtion toitb tbe empero? o? bis officers fo? Come ccrteine cuffome e? tole upon fuc& 
 goons as me fijall paif e t ba t map, to ttje intent toe migijt be tlje better fauojeBj tee refer it to pone 
 Dcfcretioti,fo?efeeingtbat p opening of cfjigs matter be not p?eiuDiciallbnto our fojmer ptfuiieges, 
 
 ano fo? tbe fale of ourclotb of golo,pIate,pearles,fapbp?es,anD otber ietoels,tocputcur trull 
 ano continence in pou p?inctpallp to fell tbem fo? reabp monp,time to gooo Debters, o? in batter foj 
 goon toares, fo tbat pou make our ottjer agent* p?iup boto ano f o? totjat p? t ce pou fell anp of tbe 
 o?emiffes, anb alfo oeliuer fucb fummes of montp, billeso? toares, as?ou fijaH receiue, bnto out 
 faio agents : thinning gooo furtber,tbat if poupercetue tljatttjeplatc o?otberieu>cls,o? anp pare 
 thereof toillnot be foto fo? pjofit before pour Departure fromtbe Mofco,tbat ttjen pouxaufetbem 
 to be faf e pacbeo.ano Cet o?oer tbep map be fent rjtcljcc againe in our ibtppes tbe nest pcere,etcc pt 
 poupercetue tbat tbere map be fame profit in carrpingfome part of tbem into Pedia, tobicbtoe 
 tooulo not to be of anp great balue, 
 
 mt baueallb laoenin tbc fapo S wallow ano tbentber ttoo fljips 80 farnlett, ronteim'ng4oo 
 kerfies,a8 1>P £ muoice oocb appeare, tortjiclj farbles be packeo, ? appointee to be caneo into Per- 
 fia : newcrtljeletfejifpou cljance to finoe geoo fale? fo? tbem in ttje Mofco,bmbfnke tetoere goon 
 to fell part of cbemtljere, anD to carp tlje leuequmup toitb pou, becaufetoeliebncercatne bnjat 
 bent ? fale pou fijall finne in Perfia 0? otber places tobere pou fijall ccrru% 
 
 3f pou obtaine tlje Cmperours licence to paffe out of bis Dominions, ano to retttme,as afo?e* 
 Cain, $ tbat pou perceiue pou map Cafelp Bo tlje fame,our minoe is, tljat at fucb time as pou tbinbe 
 beft ano mote conuenient fo? tbat pttrpofe, pou 00 appoint Co manp, ana fucb of our btreo feruants 
 0? app?entifes a? pou tbinke necelTarp 9 meet to? our affaires,ano map befl be fpareD.to ge toitj} 
 pou in pour faio bopage,tobereof toe tooulo one to be fucb as pou migbt makep?iup of all pour dq= 
 tngs fo? oiucrs coiitloerations ano cauCes tbat map bappen • tobiclj fmtantsanD-appTxntifes, be 
 mill ano rommano, bp this our remcmb?ance,to be obeoient bnto pou as bnto te,rto t onelp to goe 
 toitb pou, ano to Doe fuel; tbings as pou commano tbem in pour p?efence4mt alfo to goeunto fucb 
 countrcps 0? places as poutijallappoinc tbem bnto, eitber biitb toares 0? toitijout toares,? tberc 
 to rematne ano continue fo longas pou fijall tbinke gooo } anbif tbep 0? anp of tbera totll refufe to 
 do fuel) tbings as pou no appoint tbem,as afo?cfaiD,o? tbat anp of tbem (be bcljireo fcruant e? ap^ 
 p ?entife) 00 mifufe bimCelfe bp anp maner of ciCobcbience 0? Difo?aer,aitD totll not bp gentle ana 
 fairemeanes be refo?meo,b)e mill tbat pou Cenbljimbacke to tbe MofcOjtoubuTaigbtojDrrtJjat 
 be map be Cent from tbence bitber, $let bs baue knotolecge of bis will beljauio?,to tbe tnrent tbat 
 if be be a biren Ceruant uie map pap bim bts toagts aeco?olng to bis fcruicc, ano if be be an appjeit-- 
 tiCe me map bfe bim acco?oing to bisoeferts. 
 
 We biill alfo tbat pou take tu itlj pou fucb karCtes, Ccarlet, ano otber clotbes , 0? anp otber fucb 
 toares of ours, as pou (ball tbinke gooo, ano Cain tbe name of (Sob to take pour icurnep totoarois 
 Perfia.eitber bp tbetoap of Aftracan ano Mare Cafpium,o? ctbertoife.as pou fijall fee caufe : anb 
 toben ©ob Cenoetb pou into Perfia, out minoc is,tbat pou repatre bnto tbe great !§>opbp toitb tbe 
 Queenes ^aiettics letters, if be be not too farre from tbe Cafpian fea fo? pouto traueil^no tbat 
 pou make bim fucb a p?efent as pou fijall tbinke meet,am> if pou patte bp anp otber kings,p?inces, 
 0? gouerno?s, befo?e 0? after pou come to tbc p?efcnce of tbe s^opbp,likctotfe to make tbem Come 
 p?efent, as pou fee caufe, acro?bingto tbeir etlate ano bignitie, ano toitball to p?o«tre letters of 
 p?iuilegeo?iafeco«bnct oftbefapo&opljp 0? otber p?inces in as large ano ample maner as pou 
 csn.fo? tbe fure eftablifijtng of futtber traoe in mercljanoife bp bs beereaf ter to be maDe,frcqucn' 
 ten ant> continueo in tbofe parts,not onelp tbat toe map f reelp fell in all places toitljin Ijt's Domini* 
 ons fucb toares as toe carp tbitljer,but alfo bup aim b?ing atoap anp maner of toares 0? mercban* 
 DiCetoljatCoeueritbe, tljatisfo?ourpurpofeano commooitictoitbin bts Dominions, toitljfree 
 paffage alto fo? bs at all times, to parte as often as toe toill toitb our gooos anb mercbanDiCe into as 
 np part of India 0? otber countrcps tbereunto aotopning, ano in like maner to returrte t bo?o to (j:s 
 Dominions tnto Ruffia 0? elftobere. 
 
 ano fo ? tbe fale of our kerfies 0? otber toares tbat pou fijall baue toitb pou, as our trutt is fat 
 pou totll ooe fo? our moll p?ofit ano commoDitie : euen fo toe referre all bnto pour gooo otCcrcti c 
 on, aftoell in tbe fale of our fapo gooos , as to make our returne in fucb tbmgs as pouftjallftitDe 
 tbere , ano tbinke befifo?ourp?ofit. "But ifpatfage cannot be Ijao into Perfia bp ARracan, 0? o» 
 tbertoife.tljenert §>ummer,tobicb fijalbein tbe peere 1 5<52,tbcnour minDeis,tbat poup?ocute 
 tofell our kerftes,5 otber fucb toares as are appointeo fo? Pcrfia.m tbe Mofco.o? otber tbe Cm* 
 pcrours Dominions, if pou map fell tbem fo? anp reafonablep?ice , anb tben to emplop pout Celfe 
 «hep»na8cof toubfucbotljerof pourfcruants , as pou fijall tbinke meet fo? tbe fearcb of tbe paffage bpNoua 
 Nouazcmbu. Zembia, o?elspouto returnefo?CnglanDaspoutbinkegooo, l^?outbeD altoapes, tljat ifpou 
 do uerceitic 0? bnDeraanD,tbatpaffageis like to be Ijao into Pcrfiatbe s^ummerfblotoingABbicb 
 
 fijalbe 
 
M.Anth.fmkinfon. TrafFiques,andDiicouenes. 34,3 
 
 fijaibeiu tljc perc 1 5 6 ; , anD ti^at pou can noc Cell our kcritts in cljc ^EtDpcroure Domuiions, as a- 
 foicfapo, at a rcafonable price : tben toe toill ratljcr tbcp map be Kept till ttje faio Summer tn tlje 
 peere 1 5 6 3 , ano tben pou to p jocccd fcntoaros toponpour iournep totoarDs Perila as afo? cfapD, 
 3f paflage into Perila cannot be obtemeD tlje new peere , neither gooo !;ope of paflage in the peer c 
 1 563 , ncittjcr pet in the meanc time gooD fale of our kerfics in tlje €mpcr ours Dominions,' tljcn 
 toe thinke gooo fb? pou to fee if pou can piaccife to carp pour fain tea r es bp fafe conduct t bo ) oto 
 Polonia,o? anv otljcr toapes onto Conftancinople,o j els toljcrc pou tbinke be tcr fale map be bao 5 
 tljeninRuflia. 
 
 Cbtts banc toe gittcn pou to btibcrttano our meanings in tljis intcnBCD aDuenture : btitfojaf- 
 muclj as toe tio confiocr ano knoto,tljat if toe ffioulo prefcribe bnto pou anp certeine toap, 0; Dire ct 
 ojoertobat pottfljoulDDoc, toe migh t fo too r kc clean c con t rnrp to our pttrpofe anD in tent : tfitre* 
 foje knoto tug pour appjouco toifcoome toit b poure crpertcnce,ano alfo pour careful! ano Diligent 
 tninoe in tlje atcljieuing ano bunging to gooo f uccefle (bp tl;e Ijclpc of aim 1 glj tp (Sob) ail tbings 
 that pou take in hano, toe doc commit our toijolc affaires concerning tljcfatb aouenture tobollp 
 bnto pout gooo Difcretion,p*aping ©00 fo to pjofper pou,as map be tuft fo? bis gio?p,fcconoIp for 
 ttje bonour ano commooitie of t bis realmc, ano nert fo } our pjoftt, toitlj tlje increafe of pour gooo 
 name fo? eucr, 
 
 9 no pet f urtljer oefiring, ano alfo moff earnefflp requiring pou , as pou tenter ttje Sate of our 
 rompanp, that pou toill Ijaue a fpeciall regard bnto ilje o;oer of our Ijo ufes $ our remains, aftoel I 
 atColmogroano Vologda, asatMoko, anD to fee aim conllocr if anpnufojDcr beamengflouc 
 fcruantsoj apprentifes, toljerbppou tljinke toe migbt Ijercaftrr be put taljinoetance ojtlotTe ofa ■ 
 nppart of our gooDsojpHiiilrgc there , tbatpouooe not onelp fee tlje fame reformco, but alfo to 
 c er tine bs tbetcofbp pour letter at iargc,as our t tutt is in pou. 
 
 Sno fo 1 1 1) c better knotolebgeto be bao in tlie prices ano gcobnes of fuel) tbings as toe bo part = 
 Ip fuppofe pou IfjaUfutDe in tlje partes of Rufsia, luc doc tjcercusitlj Dclturr p^u a quantitte ofct r- 
 teine Brufljges,toberbp poumap perceiueljoto to knoto tlje befl,ano alfo tljere arenoteo the prices ^Mgiite «rm 
 offucbtoarcs anDDruggesasbeljeeremottbenoible : alfo toe oeliuer pou btcretoitboncpouno »r»'se ariiina 
 awj one ounce toeinjjt « b?afle,co tije roo.tbat poumap t jjerbp.tj toith tlje bifl of prices of toares, ^nsinfon, 
 knoto teljnt tbings be toojthherc, 9sfajtljeknotoIeDgccfulkp,toeneeDnottogmepouanpm- ' 
 flructtons thereof, otber tljen pou knoto. 
 
 3no if pou bnocr ttat ■ d t bat anp commooitie in Ru fsia be profitable for bs to Ijaue toitl) pou into 
 Perila or otber places, our mince is rtjat our agent s fliall either p jouior it for pou, or beituer pou 
 monep to make piouifion pcur fe Iff , 9nb becaufe ttje Huffes fap that in traueiling Eaftwardes <j6« matnt tm 
 from Colmogro thirty or forty dayes iourncy, there is the maine lea to be found, toe ttjittfte tbat ?' tll ' n il"i"* 
 Richard Iohnfon migbt tmplep ijis time tbat toap bp lanD.ano to be at Mofcotime enough togoe team of coi- 
 foitb pou into Perfia : for if it be true tljac (je map trauell to ttje fea that toap,anb tbat bemap knoto mo£ " > ' 
 boto manp miles it is totoaros tlje Cad from Colmogro , it toill be a gteat fyclpe for bs to finoe 
 out tlje ftraigljt ano paffage tljat toap,if anp be tijere to be bat). 
 
 William Gerard. 7, »„„.„„„„, $ William Merike, 
 Thomas Lodge. f*<««™^ Blafe Sanders. 
 
 A compendious and briefe declaration of the iourney of M. jfath. 
 Jenkinfon , fromthcfamouscitieofZoWo»intothelandof Per/ia, paflingin 
 this fame iourney thorow r Rufli<t,LMo[coma pnd Mart Cajptum ,alias Hircanum, fentand 
 imployed therein by the right vvorfhipfull Societlc of the (JfrlercbantstsfduentHrers', for 
 difcouerie of Lands,Iflands,&c. Being begun the foureteenth day of May, tAww if6i t \%6t 
 and in the third yere of the reigne ofthe Queenes Maieftie that now is : this prefent de- 
 claration being directed and written to the fotefayd Societie. 
 
 8 3rtt imbarking mp felfc magoooOjippeof pours, namerj tlje Swallow, at 
 |Grauefend,bauingafatre ano gooD toinoe, our anker tbrn toepeD, anD commit* 
 f ting all to the p rot ect ion of our fooo , bauing in our failing Diuerfitieof toinoes, 9 
 : tfjcrebp forceo to Direct ano obferue funorp courfes (not Ijere rerjearfeD, becaufe 
 ! pou baue bene tbtreof beretofbrc amplp info rmeb)on tlje fourteentlj Dap of aufp, 
 'tlje pere afo?efapD 3 arriueo in ttje bap of S. Nicholas in Rufsia : anD tljefire ano 
 ttocntietb Dap of tbe famemonetb,after conference tben IjaDtoitb pour agents tbere,concerning 
 pour toorujips affaires , 3 oeparteo from tbence , paflingtbojototbe countrcp of Vago, anoon 
 tbeetgbt Dap of auguft tben follotoing , 3 came to Vologda, tobiclj is Dtflant from Colmogro, 
 feuen bunbreo miles, torjere 31 remaineo foure oapes, attenoing tlje arriuall of one of pour boats, 
 
 toljercin 
 
344 
 
 ■ -■.. ■— - ^ .I » ■■ — — ._ - ■■ — -■ . . - 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, M.Anth.fenfynfon* 
 
 Cfte sint tnt a 
 tetters to ttjc 
 
 Cmpcroiicof 
 
 Roll*. 
 
 tobetein toas laDcn a cljeft of ietoels tottb tbe p?efenc,bp pour toojQjips appointeb fp$ tbeCmpe* 
 rsjsSJJaiettp : wljicb being arritttD, ano tlje tbeftrccciueD,3i tljerclnitljucpartcB totoarotbe dtp 
 of Mofcc,smn came tljitljer tbe ttoentitb nap ofctje fame monetlj, tobere 3itmine&iatlp cattfeD mp 
 co mming to be fignifieo bnto tlje giecrctarp of tbe 3!mperiall Spat eft p, toitlj tbe Sine cnes Jj3tgb* 
 neffe letters aDO^cffeDbntot^efame^jsS^auftie.tBboinfo^niciJtfjeCniperourt^crcof, T&uttyff 
 ipigbnefle baiting great affaires , ano being at tljat p?efenc reaop to be marrieo unto alaoie of 
 Chircafsi, of tbe sgabometicalllato, commanoeD tljat no Branger.ambaflatiour.no ? otbcr,ujoulD 
 come before l;tm fo? a tinie.ttiitlj further ftreigfet cljarge.tbat bitting t|)e fpace of t&?ce napes t^at 
 ttjc fame folemne f eafl teas celeb?attng , tlje gates of the citiefijoulo be fljut, ano tljat nope rfon, 
 Granger o? nattue (certeine of bis Ijouftjolo referueb) fljoulb come cut ofirjetc faio baufes During 
 the CaiD triumph, tbetaufetbereofbntotljiSbapnotbeingKrtotoeii, 
 
 Wje firt of September following, tbe€mprrour mane a greatfeaft, tobcrcunto toere calico 
 all SlmbalTaboitrs ano ftrangers being of reputation,anb batting affaires : amongu" toljom 31 toas 
 one.bttc being toilleb bp tbe ^ecretarp flrft to come.ano to fbeto Ijim tbe ©ucenes SIDatcftieslet* 
 tcrs, 31 refufeo fo to Doe, Taping 31 tooulo oelittcr tlje fame unto tlje Cmperours otone bancs, ano 
 not otljertoife : tobicb Ijeatb.tlje g>ecretarie anftocrco, tljat bnlefic be might firft perufe tlje fapo 
 lettcrs,31 fljoulb not ccmeinto tbe £mpero?sp?efence,fo tbat 3 toas not at tlje feaft, j!3eucrt&e* 
 leffe , 31 toas abuerttfeD bp a noble man tbat 31 toas inquires fo? bp trjc «£mperours Spaiefiie, al< 
 though tlje caufc of mp abfence toas to bis Spaieftte bnanotoen. 'Clje nert Dap following, 30 tau* 
 feo a fuppltcation to be mabe, anb pufeneen it to bis lp igbnefie obnie Ijanbs, anb tberebp Dedaren 
 tlje caufe of mp commmg.fipifieb bp tbe Queenes SQateflies letters, anb tbe anftocre of bis fapb 
 siecretarp , mod bumblp befeetljing bis (S?ace tljat Ijetoottlb receiueanb accept tbe fame ber 
 fipigbnerfe letters, bJitbfucljljonour anb frtenbujtp, asbisdf«ersfent bp Ofep Napea toere rc= 
 ceiueo bp tbe banos of ourlate s&ouereigne iaDp Quctne S@arp, o? els tljat it tooulb pleafe Ijitf 
 S^igbncs co Dtfmiffcime,faping tljat 31 tooulo not ocliuer tlje faio letters but unto Ijts otone Ijanos, 
 fo? tljat it is fo bfeb in our countrep. ^b"3 tlje matter being ponDerec , ano tbe effect of mp fup* 
 plication toellDifgcffcD, 31 tuns fop?tbU)itlj commaunoco to cotiietuttlj ttje fain letters befojc Ijts 
 flMeftie, ano fo beliuereo tlje fame into bis otone banbs (toicb fuclj pjefents as bp pou toere ap» 
 pointeb) accoiDing to mp requeft, tobtcij toere gratefullp accepteb, tj tbe fame Dap j DineD in ijis 
 (graces p?efcnce,u)itb great entertainment. &bo?tIpafter,31 Defirco to fenotolcbetberaibouHi 
 belicenccD to paffe tljojovobislpigbneffe Dominions into tbe lanb of Perfia , accojoingto tlje 
 SUueenesC^atedtcs rcqueft : bereunto it teas anfmertD, trjat 31 IboulDnotpaffe tbitber , fo^tljac 
 bis StDauffie meant to feno an armteof men tbat biap into tlje lanb of Chircaisi, toberebp mp tour* 
 nep (boulD be bor b Dangerous $ troublefome,auo tljacif 31 njotiln periflj tbereinjt bjoulb be muclj 
 tobisiSjacesDilbonoucbtitljeDoubteDotbermfltterSjaltbotigbtbepuiErenoterp^frcD* SEbuS 
 bauing rcceiueD bis anfbjerc,iicitbcr to mp erpcctation.no? pet contentation,anD there remaining 
 a gooo part of tlje perc,battmg in tljat time foloe tbe mod part of pout iterGes ano a tljer toarcs ap< 
 pointeb fo? Perfia.inbentbe time of tbe peere requires to returne fo? CngIanD.31 DcCrtDpafpo?t, 
 anb poft bi?fes fo? monep, tutjiclj teas granteD ; but baiting receiueo mp pafpo?t, rcabp to Depart, 
 there came unto our Ijoufe there Ofep Napea , mho perfuiaDcD me tbat 3j fljoulb not Depart tbat 
 bap, faping tbat tbe Cmpero? ft) as not truelp info ?meb, imputing great fault to tbe froftjartneffe 
 of tbe Secret arp,to!jo ftias not mp frieno: befo ?c uiljom comming againe tbe ncrt Dap,anD finDing 
 tljcfame ^ecretarp anb Ofep Napea togetber, after manp allegations anDobiections of tbings, 
 ano percciitiug tljat 33 tuoulo Depart , 3 ftiasftuHeb toremainebntilltbeCmperoursSpaieftie 
 toere fpokenuiitlj againe toucbingmppaffage:ft)bereft)itlj 31 ft3ascontcut,?to)itbintb?eeDapes 
 after fenoingfo? mc,be Dcclareo tljat tbe iffimpcrours pleafure ftjas, tbat 31 ftoulD not onelp paffe 
 tl.oioftibts Dominions into Perfia, but alfobaue bis <S?aces letters of commenoations to tb?rcn 
 p?inccs , ftiitb certaine bis affaires cormmtteD to mp cbarge, too long bere to rebcarfe : thereup- 
 on 33 appoimeo mp fclfe fo? tlje bopage,^ tbe 1 5 Dap of Spareb.tbc peere afo?efatD,3i DineD againe 
 in bis Spaiefties p?efencein companp of an SmbatfaDour of Perfia sno otljerS.anD receiiung a cup 
 ofD?inhe at bis ^aiedies bauos , 31 toohe mp ieaue of bis ^tgbneffe , mbo did not onelp giue me 
 letters, asafo?efapb, but alfo committeb matter of impo?tanceanocljargebnto me, to be Done 
 ft' ben 31 IboulD arriue in thofe count reps ftibitljer 31 intenoeD to go,anb Ijauing all tbmgs in rcabi- 
 neffefo? tlje fame bopage,31 DeparteDfromtbecitpofMofcotbe ayoapof 3p?il iy62,Doft)nebp 
 tbe great ritter of Volga, in companp of tbe faio 9mbaffaDout of Perfia , iuitb ftiljom 31 bab great 
 frienDftjip ano conference all tlje toap Dotone tlje fame tiucr bnto Aftracan, tobere toe arrioeDall 
 inljealtljtlje ioDapof3Iune, 
 
 <3no as touching tbe fituations of tbe est ies,to tones, caftles ana countreps, aftoell of ^abome* 
 tans as alfo of QSencils abiopning to tbt fame , toberebp 31 paffcD from Mofco bnto Aftracan , 3J 
 
 omit 
 
 meqiitd to 
 paUt into Pet. 
 lia ttioiobi 
 Mofcouic. 
 
 OftpNapej' 
 
 Kintwlfoaaiir 
 from flic <Cm> 
 pjrtJiof Kuilij 
 
 to £X- Mi' y. 
 
 Mnatnb.i(rs< 
 BojOlPcilia. 
 
 AHtacan. 
 
Chaulcc. 
 
 M. Antb.Ienfynfon. Traffiques,6cDifcouenes. 24.5 
 
 omit in cbisbjeuiatto reljearfe,foj ctjat 3i ljerccoro,!ebaue or clareo cljf fame mottamp;p muu puu 
 inmpbopagetoBoghar. ^busbcingarriucoatAftracan, asisafo^cfapo, 31repnitcDbntot(te »w**«» 
 captaine tbere,bnto toljom 3U»as commenaeo From tlje £mperattrjj tpaicffp, toitlj great cfcnrp 5Sf41' ta 
 crjat lje not onlp ujoulo apD ano fuccojmc lnitf) all tljingsnerofcin During mp abooe tljrre, but alfo 
 to fafeconouct me toitlj 5 o gunners toel appointee in ctoo if roogs } bjigantincs into tbe Cafpi- 
 an (ea,bntil 31 baopaHeo rertaine Dangerous places toljicbptrats $ rourrs 00 accufiomc to b?unt, 
 anoljtaringpjcpareDmybarkefojtbefea, tlje 3mbflffflDo? of Pcrik being befoje oeparteo in a 
 barkeofbisotonetbe isoapof3lul?, tljepeereafo?cfavo, 3f ano mp company tooke our bopage "rS"" 6 ' 
 from cbefapo Aftracan, ano tlje nert Dap at a ZWLt fiftttme, pau"eo tlje moutlj oftlje faio riuer being ' p " n "' 
 ttoentp miles oiffant, Ipingncrt&outljeaft, &!je 18 aca&outbtocariimie,toepau"eDuptb?ce 
 3Iflanas being oiftantnincmlleiBfromtljefatamouclj of VoIga,anD^)outl;routbuicafrcmtbence, 
 failing ^ottthfout&toeff c^c nert oap,at a SSleft 9 bp i$o?tlj fun me fel toitlj tfjc lano calico Chal- 
 IicaOflriua,beingfourerouno3i llanos togetljcrjOiftant from tbe fain tlj?ee 31 fiannsfojtp miles. 
 ^From tljence failing tlje fato cottrfe tbe nert nap, toe Ijao u*gbt of a lano calico Tuke, in tlje coun- 
 trepof Tumen , toljsre pirats ano roucrs 00 bfe : fo? feare of toljom toebalco off into tlje fea oue «»« countre? 
 Caftfojrp miles, ano fell upon fijallotocs out of tlje figljt of lano, ano tljere lucre like to bauc peri- 0| 
 Ibeo.efcapingmottfjarDlp : cljentlje 2 2 oap toe Ijao Otjfjt of a gooolp 3jfianti calleu Chatalec, ui^ 
 llantfcom tlje fain Challica Oltriua an !)tmo?co miles,tlje totnoc bemgcomratp.ano a Qifti gale, 
 toetoerenocabletofeijett $ Imttoerefojceoto come to an anker to tlje lectoatooftbr fame fire 
 miles offin tfjiec o? foure fatljom toater , being oiftant from tije maine lano to tlje GEtetttoaro of 
 »S,tobicljtoa0calleDSkafcaylojConnykatountrepof9paljometans, about miles, ano fo 
 ribing at ttoo ankers a [jeao, Ijauing no otber pjouifion,toe loft one of tljem,tlje ffo jme ana fca be- 
 ing grotoenOerpfo?e , anotbercbp our baifee was fofullof leaks , tljat toitlj contmudlpttmping 
 toe Ijao muclj aooe to keepe Ijer abouc toater , although, toe tljjcm mttclj of our 00000 ourrbo'ojo, 
 toitbloffe of our boat,ano our felttcs tberebp in great oanger like to Ijatte perifljco citljcr in tlje fca 
 o| els Upon tlje Ice lbo?e, toljeretoefijouloljaue fallen into the bancs of tbofetoickecinfiscls, 
 tofaattenoeoourujiptojacke : anofurelp ittoas berpbnliketljattoe fljouloljaueefcapeobotb 
 tbe ertremitics,imt onelp bp tljepotoer ano mercp of @oo, fo? tbe flo jmc continueo fcttcn oapes, 
 totoit, fcntill the thirtieth oap of tlje fame monetb : ano then tlje toinoecommingbpattljeSUeii 
 toitlj faire toeatljer,our anker toepeo, ano our faile DtfplapcO,lping §>outb, tlje nert oap baling to 
 tlje ujo je toitb a SKeft funne.toe toere nie a lano calleo bp tlje mljabitants Shyruanfha, ano tbcre mt iaua of 
 toecamcagainetoananker,ljauingtljetoinDecontrarp,bemgoilJantfromtljefaioChatalcti5o shi,lunnui - 
 miles, ano tljere toe continueo bntill the tljito oap of augttft, tljcnljauing a faire totnoe, toinoing 
 Sgjouthfoutbeaff, ano failing tlj jeefcojc miles, tlje nert oap at a gjotttljeaft funne toe arrittco at a 
 citpcaneoDerbentintljekingofHircansoominion,toberc commingtolano, anofaluttngdjc Dcrben '- 
 captainctberctoitbapjefent, &e mace to me ano m? company a bimier, ano tijere taking freilj 
 toater 31 oeparteo. 
 
 Cbis citp of Derbent is an ancient totone&auiitganoloe caftletljerein, being fitttateo bpon 
 an Ijiil calleo Caftow , builceo all of free done much after our bttiloing , tljctoallcsucrp bigl? ana 
 tbicke, ano toas firft ere cteo bp king Alexander tbe great , tofcn l>e toarrco agamft tbe Ipcrfians 
 ano Spcoiaus , ano tben fjee maoe a toall of a tooonoerfttll Ijeigbt ano tljickneffe, ertcnoingfroiii n maw 
 tbe fame citp to tljetScojgians, pcabnto tlje principal! citp tljercof nameo Tewflifh.tobiclj toall ^1^. 
 tbottgb it benoto rafeO,o?ocljertotf£ occapeo, pettfce founoation rcmainetlj, ^tbetoalltoas matte 
 to tlje intent tbat tbe inljabitantsof tljatcountreptbcnrtctolpconquereo bptljefaio Alexander 
 ftjottlo not Iigbtlp flee, nojbiS enemies ealtlpmuaoc 'SLbiscitpofDerbcntbeingitotobnDertlje 
 potocroftbe§>opbpofPerfia, bD^oembopontbcfeajaDiopningtotljcfo^cfiiDlanoofSlialfcall, 
 intbelatitttoeof 41 Degrees, jFrom tljcnce failing sg>outbcafl ano 5§>otttljfotttIjeaDE abouc 80 ffojtieoiw' 
 miles, tbcRrtoapoflttguft, tbe pereafojcfaiDjtoeatriueoatotirlanoingpiacccallcDShabran, ^%"*- 
 tobere mp barke oifcbargeo t tlje gooos lapo on fijo^e, ano tljere being in mp tent keeping great 
 toatcb fo? feare of rotters, toljcrof tbcre is great plentp,bcing 6elo pccple,tbe goaernoj cf tbe fato 
 eoumtep nameo AlcanMurcy, commingbntome, cntertameomeoerpgeiulp, i)ntPto!jomg:= AitmMnrqrtfi* 
 uing a pjefent.bc appoint eo fo? mp fafegaco fojtp armco men to toatcfjf toarome.bntilbe migljt soannonr. 
 baue netocs from tbe king of Shiman . ^be 1 1 oap of tbe fame monctlj nctocs oio come from tlje 
 king, toitb oroer tljat 31 fljoulo repaire unto bim tottb all IpecO : ano f 0? crpcoition,afto ell camels 
 to tbe number of fitte ano fojtp to carp mp gooos , as alfo bo^fes fo? me ano mp companp teere in 
 reaoinene,fo tbat tlje gooos laoen, ano taking mp iournep fromtbence tbe faio ttoelrt Dap, on tlje 
 18 oftbe fame monctlj 31 came to a citp calico Shamaky, in tlje faio countrcpef Hircan, otber^ 
 toife calleo Shiruan, ano tljere tbe king Ijatlj a faire place, toljcre mp looging being appomtco,t!je 
 gooos toereoifdjargcottbcnertoapbeingtljeipoap^ toag fentfo? to come to tbe king, nameo 
 
 Obdolovvcan, 
 
#6 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M.Antb.fenklnfon. 
 
 lillig Qbdo- 
 lowcan. 
 
 ■sriicmaictipf 
 atrircot hmg 
 
 Obdolowcan. 
 
 Clicjanetnea 
 
 Ictrcrgtotlje 
 
 &opJ)p. 
 
 Casbin. 
 
 iTniltitiltIC Of 
 roiiailuncs 
 
 C&t ttefcripria 
 
 tllSOf Hiicania. 
 
 Obdolowcan, UJljokept Ijis court at tljat time in tbe btglj mouutainesun tents, Dtttant from tue 
 fapo Shamakittoentie miles, to aucpo the miurp of tbe beat : ano tbe 2oBap3lcamebcfo?ebis 
 p?cfenc c, toljo gentlp interteincD me, ano batting kiffeo Ijis Ijanos, be bao mc to oinner,atiD com - 
 nianueo mccofitootonenotfarrefromljfan ^IjiskuigotDGtinaberpricb paulllion, to?ottgbt 
 toitb filfee 9 goloe,placeo berp pIeafantlp,bpon a bill Coe,of Grteene fatljom long.ano fire fatljom 
 ipso, jjantng before Ijim a gooolp fountains of faire water : toljereof be 5 bis nobilitpoiD d jtnfeej 
 Ije being a piincc of a mcane ff ature,ano of a fierce rountenance,ric[jIp apparclleo toitlj long gar« 
 mentsoffiikejanDcIotbofgolDjimbjoDjeniBitljpearleganDiloniJijpottljisljeaDluasatoltpane 
 toitlj a ftjarpe r no GanDingbptoarDs Ijalfe a parti long,of riclj clotlj of gotoc,to?appeo about tottb a 
 piece of 3Inpia filke oftteemte paros Iong,to?ottgbt with goloe.ano ontbc left fioe of bis tolipane 
 ftaoo a plume of fct!jers,fcc in a trunke of goloe ritblp inamelco,anD fee toitb precious fioncs:ljis 
 caterings b?.D penoants of goloe a banof till long, toitb ttoo grtac rubies of great balue, fee in tbe 
 enos tljercof : all tlje grottno toitbin Ijis pattilion toas couereo toitlj riclj carpets, 9 bnoer bnnfelfe 
 toss fpjeo a fqttare carpet to?ottgbt toitlj Gluer 9 goloe, ano tljerupon toas lapo ttoo futablccufiji- 
 ons;E&uS tlje king tottb Ijisnobilitp fittingin bis pauillion tottb bis legs a croffejano percciuing 
 that tt to as painfull fo? me fo to Gt.bis Ijigbneffe cattfeo a ff oole to be b jottgbt in, 9 did toill me to 
 fit tbcreupoii,aftcr mp fafbion. Dinner time tben app?ocljing,Diuers clothes tocre fp?cD upon tbe 
 grotinn ,nnti fitnD?poifbes fertteo^no fet in aranke toitboitters kinoes of meats.to tbe numberof 
 1 40 oiujes,as 3! numb?eo tljem.tobiclj being taken atoap toitb tlje table clotbcs,anootbers fp?eo, 
 a banket of fruits of fttnDjp kinoes, toitb otljerbankettingmeatcs, totbe numberof 1 50 oiujes, 
 tocrc b?ougljt imfo tljat ttoo feruiccs occupico 290 oifftcs.ano at tlje eno of tbe fapo Dinner ft;ban* 
 feet,tbe king faio bnto me,Quofhe quelde,tljat is to fap,&Ltelcomc:ano cafleo fo? a cup of toater 
 to be D?atoen at a fountatne,ano taflingtbercof,Dio oelmcc me tlje rett, Demanding Ijoto 31 Die like 
 tbe fame,anD tobetljcr tljcrc toerc fo gooo in our countrep 0? not : bnto tobom 3] anftoereo in fucb 
 fo?t,tbat he toastljeretoitlj contcnteo : tben be p?oponeobnto me funo?p quefftons,bottjtoucljina; 
 rcltgioit,anD alfo tbe Gate of our cottntreps, anD further qtteGioneo to&ether tlje<ffimperoj of Al- 
 maihe.tijc Grtipcro? of Ruisia, 02 tijc great Curkc, tocrc of moff potoer,toiiljmanp otljtr tying* 
 too long bere to rebeatfe,to tobom 31 anftoerco as 31 tljougbt moll meet^ljen be DemanoeD tolje* 
 tljcr f intenoeD to goe anp furtber, anotbc caufe of mp comming : totto tljat 31 anftoereo, tbat 31 
 toas fent toitb letters from tye s£lueenes moff ercellent S0afeflp of €nglano bnto tbe great S>o* 
 pbp.to intreat frienDlbip anD free paffage.anD fo ? W fafeconcttct to be granted tonto Cngltflj met* 
 cljants to traoe into bis gjegnion'es , toitb tlje like alfo to be granted to bis fubiects , toben tbep 
 fboulo come into our countreps,to tlje bonour anD toealtb of botlj realmes,anD commooitp of botb 
 tljeir fttbiects, toitb Bitters otbec toojos, toljicb 31 omit to rebearfe, Cljis fapD king muclj alloto* 
 ingtljis Declaration fapo, tljat IjetoottlD not onelpgiue me paffage, but alfo men tefafeconottct 
 me unto tbe fnpu S>opbp, Iphtg from tbe fojefapo citie of Shamaki tbtrtie Dapes iournep, bp into 
 tlje lano of Perfia,at a caQle calleo Casbin: fo Departing from tlje king at tljat time,toitbin tb?ee 
 oapes afrer .being tlje foure anD ttoentietlj Dap of auguff tlje perc afo?efaiD,be fent fo? me againe: 
 unto mbom 31 repaireD in tbe morning, anD tlje king not being rifen out of IjiSbeD (fo? bis manec 
 is,tbat toatcijing in tlje nigbt,ano tben banketting toitlj Ijis toomen.being an IjunDjeD ano fo?tp in. 
 number, Ije flccpctlj moft in tlje Dap) DiD gitte one commanoement tbat 31 ffjoulD rioe on batokirig 
 toitlj manp (gentlemen of Ijis Court, anD tljat tljtp ffjoulD fijeto me fo murb game anD paftime as 
 migbt be : toljicb toas Done, anD manp cranes killeD* 223eretttrncD from Ijatoking about tljjee of 
 tbe clocke at tlje afternoone : tbe king tben rifen, anD rcacp to Dinner, 31 toas inttitcD thereunto, 
 ano app?atljing ntglj to tlje cntringin of bis tent, ano being in Ijis ftgljt, ttoo gentlemen incounte-- 
 rco me toitlj ttoo garments of tbat countrep faujion , floe, ootone to tlje grottno , tbe one ofCUte, 
 anD tbe otljcr of ftlke ano goloe, fent bnto me from tlje king, ano after tljat tbep caufeo me to pnt 
 off mp upper garment, being a gotone of blacke bcluet furreo toitlj tables, tbep put tlje fapo ttoo 
 garments upon mp backc,anD fo conoucteD me bnto tbe king, befo je tobom Doing reuerence,ana 
 kifiing I is bnno, be commanocD me to fit not farre from Ijim, ano fb 31 bineo in Ijis pjefence, be at 
 tljat time being berp'merp, ano Demanoing of me manp queflions, anD amongff otber, Ijoto 31 line 
 tbe matter of tbeir batoking. Dinner fo enoeo, 31 requireD Ijis Ijigbnelfe faftcottouct fo? cobepart 
 totoarDstlje^opljp, tobo Difmtffing me toitlj great fauour, anD appointing Ijis SmbaffaDouc 
 (tobicb rcturneo otttof Rufsia) anD otljers, to fafeconDucc me,begaue me at mp Departure a fatre 
 bo?fe toitlj all furniture,anD cuff ome free from tbence toitb all mp gooos. §>o 3 rcturneo to Sha- 
 maki againc.tobere 31 remaineobncill tlje 0rtof2Dctober,top?ouioe camels, bo?fes, anootbet 
 ncceffarics fo? mp fapo incenoeo iournep* 
 
 TBat noto befo?e 31 p?oceeo furtljer, 31 purpofe to to?ite fometbingof tljis countrep of Hircan, 
 noto calico Shituan, toitb tbe totones ano commooitiesoftbefame, ^Ijt's countrep of Hircan 
 
 in 
 
Ai.Anth fenkinfon. TrafTiques,andDifcoueries. ^7 
 
 in times pad toas of great tenotome, bailing maHp cities, totoncs,ano catties in it : ano tbe ttiugs 
 
 thereof in time of antiquity were of great potuecaWe to make toars toitlj tbe s&opbies of IperGa: 
 
 but noto it is not one lv otbertoife (fo ? tUac tbe cities, totones, ano catties be Decapco) but alfo the 
 
 king is fubiect tothefapDgmpbie (alcbougbthepbauctbrirpjoperkitig) anDbeattberomman- danger bptu 
 
 oemene of the fapo S>opbp,tobo conqttereo tljem not manp peerrs pattco.fo? tbeir Dmerfitp in relt» ^nT m ""* 
 
 giou,ano caufeo not onelp all the nobilttp 9 senile men of that count rep (0 be put to ocatb.but alfo 
 
 ouer ano bcfiDe ,rafeo the toallcs of tlje citiesjtotones.ano cattle? of tbe faio realme, to the intent 
 
 tbat f Ijcre fbouls be no rebellion, ano fo? tbeir great tcrro?, tauten a tutret of free Bone ano flints 
 
 to be erecctD in the fapo citp calico Shamaki, ano in a ranke of flints of tbefapo turret, did fee iB«n»aiow 
 
 tl;e braon of tlje fapo nobilitp ano gentlemen, then erecuteo. Cbis citp isoiffanc from the fea Due, " Mitu 
 
 toitb camels/euen oapeg ioutncpjbtit noto tbe fame being muclj Dtcapeo,f cbieflp inljabiteo toith 
 
 Armenians , anatber citp calleo Arrafh , bo?Dering»pon the <Sco?grans, istbc cbiefeC ano meft S2h«te* 
 
 opulent in tlje traoe of mercbanDife, $ thereabouts is nouriujeo the mod abunoant grototb of rato 
 
 fiIfte,ano tbftbertbeiEutks,§>p?iaHS,anD ocherttrangersDorefb?tanofrafficke. ^berebealfo 
 
 uiucrei gooo auo ucceffarp commooities to be piouiorc a- ijao in tbis fapo reaime : viz.galles rough sroecoimim. 
 
 ano fmootb.cotton toooll, allome,anD rato filke oft&e nacurall grototb of tljat roumrep : be&Dcs, wma* 1 * 
 
 nereallfcnoeoffpiceeianBD^ugges.anDfomeotljercommooiticSjtobicIjarebjcugbttbitberfrt'm 
 
 out of Eaft India, but in the leffe qu wti'tp, fo? tbat tljep be not alUireo to baue bent 0? utterance of 
 
 the fame: but tlje cbiefett commodities be there rato Glks of all fojts.tobereof there is great plem 
 
 ip, jftatfarre from the fapo citp of Shamaki, tberetoasauolDecaSIecalleoGullirtone, noto chem-ongca. 
 
 beaten ootoue bp this &opbp, tobich toas cttecmeo to be one of cbe ttrongefl cafilcs in tlje too?lo, Sc l f« t D. u "'" one 
 
 and toas bcGegcdbp Alexander the great, long time bcfo?djecculd torn it, 2nd nor farre from 
 
 the fapo cattle toas a jftunrp oi fumptuous builoing, toljerein teas bunco a kings Daughter, na= 
 
 men Ameleck Channa, tobo fleto berfdfe toith a knife, fo? that her father tooulo bauefo?ccD ijer 
 
 (ujcp?ofett";ng cljaflitp) to Ijatte married toichakingofTmarie:DpontobicboccaGon the maiden* 
 
 of tbat counter poo refo?t thither once euetp pere to lament her Death. 
 
 aifo in tlje fapo comurep there is an high hill «Hfl> Qyiquifs,bpon the toppe toljereof (as it is 
 commonlprepcjteo) DiodtoellagreatcSiant, named Ameofte, bauing'bpon his IjeaDttoo great 
 &a?tu'S,and eares,and epes like a l£o?fe,and a taile like a Coto. 3It is further fapd.tbat this mon- 
 Cerfeept apauagc th^rebp.bntill there came an bolpman, termeoHaucoir Hamfhc, akinfeman 
 toone of tlje Sophies, toljo mounteo tlje fapo hill, ano combating toitbtbe fapo ©iant, DiDbinoe 
 not onelp htm in cljaines, but alfo his toomzn calico Lamifach e, toitb his fonne names Afc cr. : fo? 
 toljich uictajp thep of that cottntrep baue this bolp man in great reputation, and tbchilf at this Dap 
 (as ic is b?tnteo) fauouu tb fo ill, that no perfon map come nigh bnto it ; but tobtthcr it be true oj 
 tiot,31 teferrc it to further knotoleoge. 
 
 «5oto to returns to tbe otfcotirfe of tlje pjoeeem'ng in mp bopage totoarbS the great Sophie. 
 •©ijc 6 of2Dcto'oe£inthcpceceafo?efapa ) 3Itoithmpcompanp'bcparceD from Shamachi afc?e» 
 faio,anD,hat!ing tournepeD tlj?eefco?cnulcs,cameto atotone calleo Yauate,toljerein tlje kingh^th ^ , " e Dto,1 * of 
 a faire boufe.toitb o?clj3ros ano garoens toell rcplenilbeD toitb fruits of all fojts. 15p tljis totone 
 patfeth a great rmer calico Cor , tobicb fp?ingetljin tbemountaines of the ©eo?gianS, 9 patting 
 «ja?oto cljecountrep of Hircaniaafo?efapo , falletbirtothe CafpianoiHircanfea , acaplaeebe* 
 ttoeencttoo ancient totonescalleD Shabran anoBachu, Ctttate toithtn the realme of Hircane, 
 anDfcomthenceittuet!jfurther,pau1:ngtljo?otoafcuitfullcountrep,inhabi(eDtotthpa(htringpeo> 
 pie, toljich otocll in the Summer feafon bpon mountaines, ano in Git inter thep remooue into the 
 ballepeBtoitijoucrefojtingtototoneso? anp other habitation: ano tobentbep remoctte, tljepooc 
 tountep in carrauans 0? troops of people ano cattelf, carrping all their toiues, cljilo?cn ano bag<= 
 gage bpon bullocks, j^oto patting this toiloe people ten oapes ioumep, comining into no totone 
 o?boufe,cbe ItrtecnthtwpofSDctober toearriueoacacitie calico Ardouill , toherctoetoeteloD= curtitpof 
 geDinanhofpitallbuiloefl toitlj faire flone, ano erecteo bp this Sophies father names Ifmael, a " ,omU 
 onelg fa? tbeftccouranoloDgingof ttrangersanootfjertrauellers, tobereinallmenljauebictu« 
 als ana fecoing fo? man ano Ijojfc , fo? th?ee Dapes ano no longer. Stbis fo?efapo lace p?ince K- 
 mael lictlj buricD in a faire C^efkic , toitlj a fumptuous fepultb?c in the fame , toljich he caufeo to 
 lemsoe in his life time, SEhiS totone Ardouill is in tlje latitude ofeigljtano tljircie Degrees, 
 an ancient cttie in the p?ouince of Aderraugaii, toherein the l|3?inces of Perfia are commonlp bu* 
 rie9:anotljereAlexanderthegreatDiokeepehisCourttohenhetRuaceDthelperGans. Jfouw 
 oapeo iourncp to the ISttfltoaro is the citie Tebris in oloe time calico Tauris , the grratctt cute in c&e dtp T«b» 
 Perfia, but not of fudj ttaocof mercbanoife as it batlj bene, 0? as otljers be at tljis time, bp meane °> Tauil «' 
 of the great inualton of the Sucke, toho batbconquercD from the Sophie aimed to tlje fapo 
 titieoffauris, ujljichthe fapo Eurke oncefackeo, ano tbecebp caufeo the ^opljie to fo?fake 
 
 the 
 
I 
 
 M* 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M.Jntb'.fenfyn/on. 
 
 ig.Ienkinlbnt 
 
 airmail at ipc 
 
 uember, 
 IJ62. 
 
 •Clie Sliirtita 
 
 .tmbalTatioiit 
 
 totJ)c$opt)p. 
 
 Jlje fame,anD to kccpc bis court ten napes tournep from tbencc.at the fapc tttie of Casbin, 
 
 Cbe 2 1 Dap toe oeparteo from Ordo wil afo jefapD , trauelling fo? tlje moB part ouer moun* 
 tames all in the night feafen, anti reding in tbe Dap, being Deflitute of tooob, anb tljcrefoje toere 
 fo?ceD to Dfe fo? fetoell tbe Bung of bo?fes 9 camels,tohicb toe bought oeare of the patturiug pco« 
 pie. Cbus patting ten Dapes iourncp tlje pere afojefapD.thc feconb Dap of jftouember tee arriueu 
 at the fojefapD cttie of Casbin, tobere tlje fapn £>opljie beepetb bis court, ano toere appointeo to 
 a Ioogingnot farre from the bings pallace,anD tuftsin ttoo Dapes after the Sophie commanDto a 
 pjince calleD Shalli Murzey, fonne to Obdolowcan king of Shiruan afojefapD, to fenD foj me to 
 bis boufe,tobo afbcD me in tlje name of thefaio <§>opbp ho to 31 Dio,anD tobetber 3 toere in health,' 
 ana after DiD toelcome me, anDtnuiteo me to Dinner, tobercat3I bao great cnterteinment, ano fo 
 from thence 31 returneo to mp toDging. Cbenert Dap after 31 fent mp interpreter bnto the &o* 
 pbies §>ecn tarie, Declaring that 31 bao letters Dirccteo from our moft gracious Jimucreigne la* 
 DietbeSiueenesmoBercellentSgaieflieoftbeKealmeofCnglanD.bntothefapDSopbp, ano 
 that the caufe of mp comming teas erp jcfTco in the fame letters, Defiring that at conuenient time 
 31 might come into his Spaieiiiespjefcnce.toboaDtiertiflng the <g>opbp thereof, ujo?t!p after am 
 ftocrcDme that there toere great affaires in hanD : tohtcbbetngmii(l>cb, 3 ujoulo tome befo?e 
 btspjefencctoiliingmeinthemcancttmetomaRereaDpmpprefenttfahaDanptoDeliucr. 
 
 3t this time, tbe gteat Curhes ambartaoour arriueD foureoapeg before mp commtng , tobo 
 
 toas fent thither to conclute a perpctuallpeace bettoirt tbefame great Curbe anD the Sophie, 
 
 ano brought toitlj htm a p?efent in golbe, anD fatre ho?feg toith rich furnit ures,anD other gifts, c= 
 
 CeemeD to be tooojtb fojtp thoufano pounD, 3ns thereupon a peace-teas conriuceD tetth topfull 
 
 feafls, triumphs anD folemnittcg, co?robo?ateD toith UTongotbc0,bptbetrlatoof Alkaron, fo? 
 
 either to obferue the fame, ana to liue altoapes after as ftoo?ne b?ctb?en,apbing the one tbeotbec 
 
 againttaIIp?mcestbatlboulDtoarreagatnatbem, 0? either of them. 9nD bpontljtsccncluflott 
 
 the ^opbpcaufeD tbe great CurbesfomienamebBaifetSoltan , abaliantlpjince (tobo temg 
 
 flea from bis father bnto the Sophie, Ijao remaineb in his Court the fpace of foure peeres) to be 
 
 put to Death. 31ntohicb rime the fapDCurltcs fonne haDcatifeDmo^tBlltoarres bettoirt ihe fapo 
 
 Winces , annmucb p?euaileD therein ; the Curke oemanceD therefore his forme to be fent bnto 
 
 fcim, 9 the &opbp refufeb thereunto to confent. 13ut note being flame acco?Dtng to the Curfos 
 
 toilI,thei«)opbpf(nthtmhtsheaDfo?ap?efent,notalitleDettreD, ano acceptable to tbebnnatu« 
 
 rallfatber. Dlcourvmgatmp firtt arrrttalltoitijtbebmgofShituanof funojp matters, anDbe« 
 
 ing intertaineo as batb bene before oeclareb , the fapo bing nameo Obdolccan , Drmaunoing 
 
 tobctbertbat tee of Cnglano bao frienDfbip toith the Curbs 0? not : 31 anftoereD, that tee neuer 
 
 haD frienafijip toith them, ano that tberef o?c tbep teoulo not fuffer bg to p^fTc tfio joto thct'r ccun= 
 
 trcp into tlje <%>opbp bis Dominions, ano rijat there is a nation nameD the Henctinns, not httt Di* 
 
 ttant ftom bs,tehich are in great league toith tfcefapD Curfe.toho traoe into bis Dominions toitb 
 
 our commoDtties, cbieflp to bartcrtbe fame fo?rato CIrs, tohicb (as toe bnDerttanD) come from 
 
 thence : anD that tf ttteoulDpleafetije fapo g>opbp anDotherPjtnces of tl;at countrep, tofuffec 
 
 our merchants to traoe into tbofe Domtniong , ano to giuebs pafpo^tanDfafeconDuctfo? the 
 
 fame , as the fapD CurRebath granteo to the fapo Venetians , 3i Doubteo not but that it fljeulo 
 
 groto to fucb a traoe to the profit of them as neuer before baobeene the like, ano that tftep fljoulcr 
 
 be both furntftjeD toith our commobities, ano alfo haue btterance of theirs, although there neuec 
 
 came Curbc into their lana, perftoaoing toith manp other teo^oes fojatraDetobchaD, %W 
 
 RtngbnoerflanDing tbemattcr libeD it marueilouflp , faptng , tljat he teoulo to?ite bnto the sg>o-- 
 
 pbp concerning tlje fame : as be bio in berp oeeb , atmring me tljat the &opbp teoulo graunt mp 
 
 ■ requcfl, ano tljat at inpreturne bnto him he teculDgiue me letters of fafcconDuct, anbpjiuileD- 
 
 ges. Che Curbs ambaffaDour toas not then tome into the lano, neither anp peace hopeD to be 
 
 concluDeo, but great pjeparationtoas mabe fo? toarre , tehicb toaslibe much to haue furthered 
 
 mppmpofe, but it chanccb otherteife. ifojthe Curbs 9mbaflaDour being arriueD, anc tlje 
 
 peace concluoeD, the Curbiuj merchants there at that timepjefcnt.beclartb to the famegmbaf* 
 
 fabour , tljat mp comming thither (naming me bp the name of Franke) teoulo in,great part De^ 
 
 drop their traDe , ano that it fljoulo be goob fo? him to perftoase tlje §>opbpnot to fauour me, &<& 
 
 bisi ipigbnette meant to obferue tlje league anb frienbtbip teith the great Curbe W mailer, 
 
 teljich requeft of tlje Curbiftj merchants tlje fame 9mbatfaDour carnefllp p?eferreD , anD being 
 
 aftertoarDsbifmuTeD teitlj great bonour 3 heoeparteo out oftheEealme teith tlje Curbs fonness 
 
 bean asafo?efapo, anb other pjxfents. 
 
 Che 20 Dapof53oucmberafo?erapD,31toasfentfo?tocomeOefo?ethefapD@>opbp, other- 
 teife called Shaw Thomas , anD abouttb?ee of the clotbe at afternoone 3! came fo tlje Court, ano 
 inlighKngfronimprjojfeattfee Court gate, befojemp feet tcucbeo the grouno, apaireoftbe 
 
 Sophies 
 
 mrtcftaunta 
 uitrh(iantt£^. 
 
 lcokinfon. 
 
 Shaw Thoma* 
 
 tBcSopijiea 
 aainc. 
 
M*^ntb,[enl{mfon, Trafriques,<3c Diicouenes. 
 
 W9 
 
 STftcfattecneB 
 letters bclluc- 
 red. 
 
 ■31 lie Sophie* 
 qutdiOitS, 
 
 . 
 
 ^opbies otoneftotstermcD in tbe Periian tongue Bafmackes, furij as Ijec Ijimfrlfc toearetb 
 tohen be arifetb in tbe ntgljt to u?ap(as bis matter is)toere put upon nip fee f ,ft>? toitljout tlje fame 
 JhocS 31 migbt not be fuffccD to tccao bpen bis bolp grouno.beuig a Cbjtttian, anD callen amongtt 
 tijem Go wcr.tbat is,linbeIeeiicr,ano bncleane : ctteemmg al! to be inftoels ano pagans toljicb do 
 not beleeue as tljep Da,in tb«rfalfe filtljie pjopljets.Mahomct aim Murtez.alli.at tbe fapD Court 
 gate tbe tilings tljat a tyougljt to patent bis 2®aiettte toitb, toereDemDeD lip timD)p parcels 
 jo funo?p fcruitojsoftljc Court,to carp before me,fo? none of nip companp o?feruants migbt be 
 fuffercD to enter intothe Court toitbme,mpintcrp?ctei:oneIpercepteD, cijus coirmnng before 
 bis flpaieilie toitb fttcb reuerence as 31 tbottgbt nieece to be bfen,31 Dclittt reo tbe CUiccncs Spate* 
 dies fetters toitb mppjefcnt,tobicb bet accepting, DemaunoeD of mee of toljac countrcp of Franks 
 31iuas,anBn!bataftmres3I baotberetoDoe':?amotobom31 anftoereDthat 31 toas of tlje famous 
 Citie of London tottljintlje noble Eealme of Engiand.anrj tbat 3 toas fent tbitljer from tbe moS 
 ercelleutano gracious foucraigne HaBp Elizabeth GDueene of tbefaiDeRcaImefo?totreateof 
 frienoujip, ano free palTogeofourSpercbantsano people; torepaircanotram'qitctoitbinljisDo* 
 imnion8,fo? to b?tng in cur ccmmoDities, ano to carrp atoap theirs to ibe fconcur of botb p?inces, 
 tbemutuaUcottmtotiitieofbotbEeabnes,anDuiealtboft|3eS)Ubiects 3 ii)itbotberloo?Desbere 
 omitceo. C[)etbenDemauntieDmeinrjBbatlanguagetbeletter8toeretojitten,3laufuicreD,intbe. 
 Latincjlcalian anD Hebrew : toell faitt be.toe baue none toitbinour Healme tljattoiDcriJanDtbole 
 tongues, (KHbereupon 31 anfmereD tbat fucb a fameus ano too?tbp prince (asbeetoae) toantco 
 not people of all nations vuitljin bis large Dominions to mtccp?et e tbe fame, ^ben be queftioneo 
 toitbmeofcbettateofourCountreps J anDoftbepoiDeroftbe€mperoucefA]niaine,kingPhilip, 
 ano tbe great Turke, ano tobicbof tbcmtoasofmottpotoentoljom 3lanftoereDtoljiscontenta= 
 tion, not oifp?apfing tbe great Turke, tbeir late concluoeo ftienDujip conuoercn, '©ben be reafo* 
 neo toitfjmcc mucb of Heiigton.Dcmaunomg toljetber 31 toere a Go wer,t|jat is to fap,an bnbelee* 
 uer,o?aMufelman,tbatis,ofMahometslauJe, 21nto\ubom31anfu)ercD ; tbat3lttiasneitberun« 
 beleeuer no? Mahometan , buta Chriftian, (KBIjat is tt)at,fatD Ije Unto tbe King of tlje Georgians 
 fonne, toljo being a Chriftian id as fleo Dnto tbe fain Sophie,ano beanftoe reo tbat a Chriffiah teas' 
 be tljat beleeuetb in Iefus Chriftus, affirming bim to be tbe &onne of ©oo,ano tbe greatett lpjo« 
 pbtt. Docft tbou beleeue fo,fai9 tbe Sophie unto me**, geatbat 31 Do,faio 3! : SDb tbou bnbeleeuer, 
 fato be, toe baue no neeoe to baue frtenofijip toitb tbe bnbeleeuers, ano fo toilleo me to Depart. 31 
 being glao tbereof Din reuerence ano went mp toap, being accomp anieo toitb manp of bis gentle* 
 men ano otbcrs,ano after me follotoco aman toitb algafanetof fano.ftftingall tlje toap tljat J IjaB 
 gone tottljin tbe Caio pallacc, euen from tbe faio Sophies Tight bnto tbe court gate. 
 
 %\yva 31 rcpaireo againe unto mp longing, anD tbe lain nigljt Shally Murzey fonne to tbe king 
 of Hircan afojefaio , tobo fauoureo me berp mucb fo? tbat 3! toas commenoco bnto bim frombis 
 fatb:r,toillcn mee not to Doubt of anp thing, putting mee in bope tbat 31 ftjouloljauc gooofucceue 
 toitb tbe Sophie, ano gooD incertainment, 
 
 Wcm 3| continueD fo? a time, Daplp refo?ting bnto meDtuers gentle mm fent bp tlje Sophie ta 
 conferee toitb me.cfprciailp touching tlje affaires of tlje <£mperour of Ruffia.ann to futoto bp tobat 
 toap 3J intenDeo to returne into mp countrep,eitljer bp tlje toap tljat 31 came,o? bp ttje toap of Or- 
 mus.ano fo toitb tbe Portingalsujips. Qntotobom 3!artftoeren, tbat jDurtt not returne bp the 
 toap of Ormus, tbe Portingals atw toee not being frienoes,fuilp perceiumg tljeir meaning: fo? 2 
 toas aDuertifeD tbat tlje fatoe Sophie meant to baue toarres toitb tlje Portingals, ano tootilo baue 
 cbargeD mee tljat 31 IjaD bene come fo? a fpie to paffe t!j?ougb bis Dominions unto tlje fatoe Portiri- 
 galSjibinkingtljemanDDstobeall one people, ano calling allbp tbe nameofFranks, but bp tbe 
 p?ottioence of (tooD tbis toas pjeuenteo. 
 
 Sifter tbis tbe fatD Sophie conferreD toitb bis nobtlitie anD cotinfel concerning me.tobo perftoa* 
 Deo tljat Ije ujoulD not cntertatne me toel.neitljer DifmilTe me toil b let ters o? gifts,conltDering; tljat 
 31 toas a Franke,anD of tbat nation tbat toas enemie to tbe great Turke bis b?ot!jer , perfujaoing 
 tbat if Ije Did otbertoife,anD tbat tbe netoes tbereof ftjoulo come to tbe imotoleoge of tbe Turkc,it 
 ujouId be a meatte to b?eake tbeir ncto league ano f rtenDftjip latelp concluc to: DifltoaDtng furtbec 
 becaufe be bao no neeoc, neitber tbat it toas requiOte fo? bim to baue frienoujip toitb totbeleeuers, 
 tobo fe £ otmcrcps lap farre from ljtm,anD tbat it toas bell fo? bim to fenD me toitb mp letters bnto 
 tlje faiD great Turke fo? a p?efent,tobicb be toas fullp Determineo to baue Done at fome meet time, 
 meaning to fenD Ijts ambaffaoout bnto tlje Cain great Tutke berp ujo?tlp after. 
 
 But tlje king of Hircancs Ibnne afo?efaiDe,bnDerflanDing tljiSDeliberatton, fent a man in pott 
 bnto bis fatljer,fo? to Declare ano impart tbe purpofe bnto bim, tobo as a gracious p?ince,con&W 
 ring tljat 31 IjaD p alTco tb?ougb W Dominions , ano tbat 3i ban tournepeD fo? a gooo int ent,DiD to?tte 
 to tbe Sophie al tljat tobtcbbebnOttBoooofbisfaio Determination, » tljat it ujoulo not ftanD toitb 
 
 \ ®g bis 
 
 CBtturtcaeof 
 
 Shally Muizcy. 
 
 n?arrretnteti* 
 beb agatnll t|)« 
 Portingals, 
 
 Etching of 
 Hircatuficotttl 
 letters tttM. 
 
 Icnkiofons be< 
 
 Dalfr. 
 
350 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M.Jnth.IenfynJbn. 
 
 •Conference 
 
 ttlltj) Indian 
 
 VpcrrDrintB. 
 
 M.Ienkinfcn! 
 
 tttutne. 
 
 bis St^ateftics honour to Doe nice anpbarmeo? Difpleafure, but ratber to giue meegooo enter* 
 tainment, teeing 3 teas come into bis lanD of mp free brill, ano not bp ronftraint, anD ctjat if bee 
 bteo mee etui, tbere bioulo feb) firangers refo?t into bis countrep, tulnch tooulo bee greatlp ton* 
 to Ijts btnoecance , britb manp other pcrfui ations : teluci) after tbac tbe faioe Sophie ban toeH ana 
 tb^ougbipponcereoaiiD cifgefteD (much etteemingtbe fame king of Hircane, being one ef the 
 baliantett princes bnoer Ijim ano bis nighkmfeiran) cbangeo his DctermineDpurpofe,anDtbe 
 twentieth of q}arclj 1 562.be Cent to me a rich garment of clotbof goIoe,anDfoDifmitreD me britb» 
 outaripbarme* 
 
 During tbe time tbat 33 GriourneD at the fapoe Citp cf Casbin,Diuers mercbants out of India 
 camctljitbcr bnto mee, britbbibom 31 conferrco fo? a trace of fpices : Hereunto tbcp anfbieteD 
 that tbep bioulo b?ing of all fo?ts Co much as toe tooulo faaue, if thep toere fure of bcnt,b)berecf 3 
 DtD p?onrife to nffurc tljcm/o tljat 31 Doubt not but tbat great abunoance thereof map from time 
 to timc.be tljere p?ouioec ano ban. 
 
 ^be fame ttoentietb cap of Sparcb 31 rcturneo from the faioe Citie of Casbin mbere 31 remap-- 
 neo all tbe Winter, hauing fent abjap all mp Camels before, anotbetbirtietbDap3lcametotbe 
 faioe Citteof Ardouil, ano tbefiftcentb of apnlbnto Zauat afo?efapo,bibtre king Obdolowcan 
 biasattbatp^efentjbiboimmeiiitatlpfentfo^me^noiieniauntiingofmemanpquelrtonSjDeclateD 
 tbat if it bao net bene fa? him , 31 b ao bene btterlp cart abiap, ano fent to tbe great Turke fo ? a p?e« 
 fent bp tbe Sophie,th?ougb tbe euiil pcrftnafion of bis toicfeeD counfell, tbat tbe Zieties ano Ijolp 
 jnenbiere tlje cljiefe ano principal procurers ano moouers tbereof: but tbe Sophie bimfelfe ment 
 mee mucb gooo at tbe fitft, ano tijougb t to baue gitten megooo entertainement, ano fo bao feme, 
 bao not tbe peace ano league fo ? tun ea to baue bene cocluoeo bettoeene tbem ano tbe great Turke. 
 iaeuertbeietfe, fapo be,tbe Sophie batbbi?ittenbnto me to etitertainepou bieU,anD pou are boel- 
 come into mp Countrep , ano fo be intreateo mee berp gentlp, in iu Ijofe Court 31 remaineo feuett 
 capes, ano obteineo of bim letters of fate conouctes ano priuilcoges in pour names to bee free 
 from paptng cuflome, brijicb 31 Deliuereb bnto pour feruants Thomas Alcocke ano George 
 Wrenne,at tbcir Departure tobiaros Perfia f 0? pour affaires : ano bis bigbn e(fc etc giue mee ttoo 
 garments of filke,ano fo DifmitftD me britb great fattour.fenoing britb me bis Smbaffaoo tir againe 
 buto tbe Cmperour of Ruffia , ano committeo tbe ctjtefeQ fecret of bis affaires bnto me, to oeclare 
 tbe famebnto tbe Cmperours paterae at mprcturne : ano tbus Departing the tenth cap of Sl» 
 p?tl,3lcametotbeCup of Shamachi,ano there remapnmgcertaineDapesfojpjoutRonofCa* 
 mels Dobjne to tbe &ea fioe, 31 fent from thence befo?e men to repafre mp Barke, ano to make 
 ber in a reaoineffe. 3no curing mp abooe in Shammachi, tbere came bnto me an Armenian fent 
 from tbe king of Georgia, tobo oeclareo tlje lamentable eftate of tbe fame king, tbat being encto« 
 feo betbnrc tbofe tbio crueli tp?ants ano migbtiep?inces,tbe faio great Turke ano tbe Sophie,bee 
 baDtGtitinuallbiarresbJitb tbem .requiring fo? tbe loue of Chrift snoaS 31 bias aCb?ifiian,that 
 3! fioulb feno bim comfort bp tbe faio Armenian,ano aouife bom be migbt feno bis 3mbau"aoouc 
 to tbe fapo Cmpcrour of Ru(Tia,ano blether 31 tbott pt tbat Ik moulD fupuo?t bim 07 no:ano britlj 
 manp other bio?oes requires me to Declare bis neceltitie bnto tbe fame Cmperour at mp returnet 
 aooing further tbat tbe faio king boulo baue m?ittcnbnto me bis minoe,but tbat bee Doubteo tbe 
 fafepaffageofbismelTenge?. SJntobrijQm3DiDlikcbJircanfbierebp ujojo of moutb, r.oe onelp 
 pcrfmaoing bimtofenoe bis ^mbaffaDourtoRuiiia, not Doubting but tbat beefijoulofinDe bim 
 mod honourable ano inclineo tobelpe bim, butalfo3lDirecteobimbisbiapbob) tbefapoe king 
 migbt fenobp tbe Countrep ofGhircaffi,th?ougb tbefauourof Tcneruk king of tlje fapo Coun-- 
 trep, bibofe Daughter tbe faio king.haD latelp marrieb* 3nD tbus Difmiflhgtbe faioe Armenian, 
 britbintbJODapes aftet 31 fent Edward Cleark pour ftruaunt bnto tbe Cttie of Arraib, tobere 
 tbe mod Ho;e of Wilkes is to be bao,giuingbim Commiffion to baue paffeo furtljcr into t!;.c faioe 
 Countrep of Georgia, anD tbere to baue repaireD bnto tbefapoe king. Sno after nip conimcn- 
 Dations p'lemi feo, anD mp mince oeclareo to baue purfueD fo? fafeconouet of tbe fame p?ince fo; 
 our Merchants to trace into bis Dominions, ano tbat obtaineo to baue returnee againe bit'tbj 
 fpteoe. Ebe fame pour feruauntiourneping to tbe fapo Citie of Arrafli, ano tbere finoingeer* 
 taine Spercbants Armenians,tobicb pjomifeo to goe to tbe fapo Citp of Georgia, comming to tbe 
 bo?oers tbereof, bias perceitteo bp a Captaine there, tbat be bias aCbri&ian, ano ujereupon oe* 
 maunceo mbitber be toent,ano bnoerffanoing tljat be coulo not paffe furtber toitljcut great fufpi> 
 tion,anfbjereo that be came tlntber to hup ^ilkes,anD fbebieD tbe king of Hircanes letters brijicfj 
 beebabbiitb bim, ano fo returneo backe againe, anD thefifteentbofap?ticametoShamachi: 
 from bibenc e 31 eepartee tlje Brteene of tbe fame monetb.ano tbe one ano tmentie tberof cemming 
 to the ■% c a Qoe,anD finoingmp barke in a reaDtneffe, 31 caufeo pour gooDS to be lacen, anD tbere at* 
 tenoeDafatrebrinoe. 
 
 Vut 
 
 PiiniIcDgra 
 Dbtamc&of 
 
 Obdolowcan, 
 
 luinci) ate 
 IstttAftti an< 
 wrttj, 
 
 iin Armenian 
 frnt to M.Icu- 
 
 ktnfoniromtlie 
 issng of Georgia. 
 
 Tcnnukfttng 
 
 OfChira.Ti. 
 
M'Antb.Ienkmfon. Traffiques,& Difcouenes. 
 
 35 1 
 
 ^ftcDcfcript^ 
 Oil Of t-crlia. 
 
 3T118 cTlicfc <TJ. 
 CIS9 Of Perils. 
 
 CfjeMtrermct 
 ofrctigum. 
 
 Uut befo?e31p?oceece anp further to fpeake of nip returned intcnb luith pour fa«oursfotne= 
 ntfjat to treate of the countccp of Perfia , of the great Sophie, ann of hi? coumrcp, latoeg ann 
 
 religion. ' ■ 
 
 %[)i$ {ana of Perfia is great ann ample,ncu(ncn intomanp kingoomes ano p?ouiticrs,a2 Gil- 
 hn.Corafan.shiruan.atiti man? otrjecs bauing niuers Cities, tonmes ano catties intljcfame. 
 Cttccp pjouince hath bis feucrall Sttn j*o? Sultan, all in obcoiciice to clje great Sophie. 'She 
 
 names of tlje cijtcfefl Cities betfoefe: Teueris,Casbin,Ke{rian,YeiTe,Meskit,Heirin, Ardouill, 
 Shamachi, Arrafh luitb manp otljerp* Che councrepfo? the mod part totuarb the fca fine is plainc 
 ami full of p atlure,but into tlje lano, higb,full of mountaincs,anb fljarpe. Co tlje sgxmtlj it bo?ne= 
 rcth bpott Arabia ami tlje €att SDcean. Co tlje jftojttj bpon tlje Caf pian fea ano tlje lanos of Tar- 
 tana.Co the <&ift upon the p?ouinccsjinndia, ano to tlje CSMbpou the tontines of ChaIdca,Sy- 
 ria,aun other tlje Turkcs lauos,<ail roittjin thefe nominions he of the Sophies,nameo Shaw Tha- 
 mas.Conne to Ifmael Sophie. Cbis Sophie that noin raigneth is nothing baliant, although Ijia 
 potter be gteat,airatys people martiall: ano through his pufillanimitic the Turkc hath nmtlj imm 
 dco bis cGuntrepS, cuen nigh bnto tlje Citie of Tcueris,tohereinljee luas toont to krepe his chiefe 
 coHtt.anonoljJhauingfo^fakentljefame.iscljuflpreliDcntatCasbinafojefaitie.anbnltoapcsas 
 the fain Turke pttrrtteth bim,be not being able to toithttann the Turke in the fielne,truffing rather, 
 to tlje mountawes fo? his fafegarn , then to his fortes ano catties, hath cattfen tlje fame to bee ra< 
 fco luithin his nonunions, ano his omittance to be molten,t6 the intent that his enemies purfuino; 
 him,tljep fljoulo not ttrengthen tbemfeluestnith the fame, • 
 
 Chis pn'nce is of the ageof fiftiepeeres.anti of a reasonable ttaturc, rjauiug fine chilojerr, fyi& 
 eloeflfonne bckcepeth capctticiupjttfon, fo? tljat fje fearctU fjtm fo? Ijts naltancnefle ano acctuttie: 
 hep?afefletha kinoe of holpneffe, ano faith tljat Ijeets befcenoeo of tlje blooo of Mahomet ana 
 
 Murtezalli: anO although thefe PerfiansbCC Mahometans, astheTurkesanBTartars.bce, peC 
 honour thep this falfe fatneu Murtezalli, faping that hee luas the chicfett oifciple that Maho- 
 met ban, curling ano chining naplpth?ee other oifciples tljat Mahomet han calico Ouear, Vfi- 
 ran.ano Abcbeck,anbf§£fc thjeenio Hap thefaioeMurcezalli, fo?iuhich catifcatw otheroifTe- 
 rences of holpmen ano Iaincs, thep haue han ann haue nrith tlje Turkes ann Tartars mo?taIl 
 tnarrcs. Co intreat of their religion at large,beingmo?e 0? Ictfc Mahometslalue ano tlje Alka- 
 ron,3iujaUnotnccDatthispjefent, Chefe pcrfons are comclpanoofgooocomplcrion,p?cuoc 
 ano of goon courage, effieeiritngthemfclucstobee bed ofall nations, both fa? tljrir religion ann 
 bolinefle, luhich is mott erroneous, ano alfo fo? all other their fattjions. Chcp be martial, neligh* 
 ting in faire ljo?fcs ann gooa harnevTe, foonc angrie, craftie ano ham people. %\m much 3 haue 
 thought goon to treate of tljis nation, ano nouoe aretutnetobifcourfetlje pjoceebingofthereft 
 pfmpi)opage. 
 
 Sppbatke being reabp at tlje Cafpian fea as afojefatoe, hauing a faire to!tt8C,attWomiritttinoj 
 ourfduesbnto <Soa crjc 3 o.oap of £^ap 1 5 63, uie arriuen at Aftracan, ijauing paKeb no Icffe ban- 
 gersbpontlje &eainour returne, then ujeefuflaineo in our going foojtlj, ano remapning at the 
 Giio Aftracan^ntill the tenth bap of June, one huno^ea gunners being there aomttteD unto mee 
 fo?mp fafegarb bp tljeriuer Voiga,the fifteenth of 3!ulp 31 arriueo at tlje Citte of Cazan, inhere 
 tlje Captaine enttrtaineb me toell, ano fo oifmilling mee , 3 teas commcteb from place to place 
 bnto the Citic of Mofco, inljere 31 arriueb tlje twentieth nap of augutt 1 5 6 3 ,in fafetie , tljankcs: 
 ice to ©00 , tuitlj all fuch goons, merchamji?cs,ano ietoels, as 31 habp?ouiocDaStoeIIfo?tlje 
 Cirtperottrs (f ocke ano accompt, as alfo of pours, all tobich goobS 3i toas commaunDec tobjinj 
 into tlje €mperours treafurie befo?e it Inasopeneo, toljiclj a bib, anb-beltuerebthofe parcels; 
 of toares tohiclj lucre fo? his spaieffies accompt , videlicec , pjecious ttones, ano tojotigljt filkcu 
 of funojp colours anb fo?tes , rmtcb to his IjigljncfTe contentation , nno tlje reGoue belonging to 
 pou.viz.Crasko, ano ratne filfecs, tmrij otljcrmercljanbi?es,(as bp accompt appearcth) lucre 
 bjought bnto pour ljoufe,toIjereof part tljercrcmsineD,ano tlje rettluaslaoen in pour ffjippes 
 latelp returneb. • 
 
 S)[jo?tIp after mpcomming to the Mofco, 31 came befoje the €mperoursS©ateQie,anbp?c« 
 ftnteb unto htm tljeapparcllgtucn bnto me bp tlje Sophie, toliofthighncfTeconiferreo luitlj mee 
 touching tlje p?inces affaires lnhich he hao committeb to mp charge : ano m? p?occebmo;s therein 
 it pleafeb him fo to accept , that eljep lucre much to Ijis contentation, faping into mee, 3 haue pcr= 
 ceiucbpctirgooo fertiice,fo?theluhich3ItJoetljank'epou ,ann uiillrccompence pots fo? the fame, 
 Mhmgthat a lujulDtraitellagaine in fuch Ijisotljer affaires, luljeremhee is as minces to emplop 
 mee : to tobom 3 anfmereo, tljat ittuas rn mp Ijeartiereiopcing tljat mp fcraice toas fo acceptable 
 Unto his bsghneffe, achnolulebging all tljat 31 Ijao none to bee butjof buetie, httmblp befeeching 
 |)is grace to continue l;is goobneffe unto pour tuo?(hips, ann cucn at. tljat inttaut 3! ^wviblp rcque* 
 
 <25g a jjc» 
 
 5f)e 30. of 
 <pap 1563. 
 
 ! 
 
w 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M,AnthJenkinfon t 
 
 fil ohS'tt BeD *> is spaiettte to tooucbfafe to graunt Unto pou a netoe p?iuiIeDgc mo?e ample then tbe firfc 
 
 ficrMftctfci- tohicb immeoiatelp toasgrauuteo,ano fo 33 ocparteD, 3no afcertoarosbauingpenneDab?iefe 
 
 louiing. no[e ^ toe j mi;mu t0 ^gue the fame p?iuileDges maoe, 31 repaired oaplp to the ^ecretarp fo? the 
 
 perfecting of cl?e fame, ano obtairieo it bnoer his Qjteiellies b?oaDefeale, tofjicb at mp Departure 
 
 from t!jenre,31 oeliuereo unto the cuffoopof Thomas Glouer pour 9gent tljere.'Che copp tobcre« 
 
 of,anDalfooftbe other p?iutleDges grauntco anDgiuenbptbekingofHircan, abauealreaop 
 
 celmrao onto pou. gjoicurning all that tomter at Mofco, ant in themeane time fjautag bar* 
 
 gaineo toitb tbe Cmpereurs apaieUie, 31 fent atoap pour fetuant Ed ward Clarke hither ouer« 
 
 lano toitb aouife, ano alfo maoe preparation fo?fenBingagaineintoPerfia inmeecetimeofthe 
 
 peere. Slno committing the charge thereof bnto pour feruants Thomas Alcocke , George 
 
 Wrenne, ano Richard Cheinie,tbe 2 8,of 3!une Iaff,'3l Departeo in potte from the faio Mofco, ano 
 
 eommingtoColrnogromiofoOotonetotbe ^eafioe, 31 founo pour (hips laoen anoreaopto oe- 
 
 part,tobere 3! embarkeo mp felfe in pout gootj (hip calico tbe <§>toalIoto, the 9,of 3|ulp,one thou-- 
 
 fatts ftuc hum>?eD firttc fottre ,ano bautngpatfeb the <§>eas toitb great ano ertrtme Dangers of lode 
 
 a8.s>t«imb, of ujippe,gooDS anolife,tbe j8,oap of September lafi (<8od bep?aifcD)toe arriueb tjere at Lon- 
 
 15 64, donmfafetie, 
 
 Cljus knotoing tlpt the couragious ano baliant fo tiloicr, tohicb aoucnturetb both fame,mcm= 
 beranolife, to feruefaitbfullp bis tbueraigne, etteemeth not ttjc perils ano Dangers paffeD (tlje 
 uictojic once obtaineo) ncitber fo? his gucr Don oefiretb anp thing mo?e, then that his fcruice bee 
 toell taken of bint fo? tobom be enterp?ifeD it j feo 31 perceiuing pour fauourable beneuolence to 
 me ertenoco in accepting mp trauels in goeo part to pour contentations,oo tbinke mpfelfe trjrre> 
 toitb in great part recompenfeD : befeecbing aimigbtie <Sod fo to p?ofper pour aouentures,from 
 time to time hereafter to be maoe fo? reaping tbe fruits of mp trauels (at pour great charges,anD 
 to mp no fman oangets)tbat pe map plentjfullp gatber in ano eniop tbe famc,to theilluttrating of 
 tbe SElueeites mott ereelient SJDaieftie, tlje Ijonour ano commocitie of this bcr bigbnelfe Reaune, 
 ano to tbe ample benefit ano abunDant enriching of pott ano pour fucceilioit, 9 p ofleritie fo? euer* 
 
 A copie of the priuiledoes giucn by Obdolowcan King o^Hircania^ 
 to the company of Englifli merchants Aducnturers for Rusjia ,PerJis ,and 
 UWareCaJptumy-wuh all the lands and countreys adioyning to the lame, obtaineefby 
 M.Anthonie Ienkvnfon at his being there about the affaires of the faid company, April 
 14. Anno 1563^ 
 
 W€ Obdolowcan bp themighct'e poincr of <Sod maker ofheauenanDofearth.appomteB 
 ano noto raigning king of Shiruan ano Hircan,of our meere motion anD great gooones, 
 at tbe earned fute ano rcqucfl of our fauoureo ano toelbeloueD Amhonie Ienkinfon ambaffa= 
 Bour.baue giuen ano graunteo bnto tbe rigbt too?fbipfull feir William Garret,tlr William Chc- 
 fier, Cr Thomas Lodgc 3 g^.Richard Mallarie, anD ^.Richard Chambcrlainc , toitb all their 
 company ofmercbantsQtouenturcrsoftbeCitie of London in England, free Itbcrtie, fafeton* 
 Duct,anb licence to come 0? fence tbeir facto?s in trace of mcrcbamri?c into eur count reps, ano to 
 6up ano fell toitb our merchants annotbers, cither fo?reaopmonepo? .barter, antj to tarp ansa* 
 bioe in our countrep.fo long as tbep tofll,anb to goe atoap toben tbep litt.toitbout impeDiment,Iet, 
 0? binDerance,eitber of boop 0? gooos, 
 
 3no further our commaunoement ano pleafure is, that the faio Cngliftj mercbantg toith tbeit 
 campanp,u)all pap no maner of cttHome fo? toares,tobich tbep 0? tbeir facto?s fijal btip 0? fel toith* 
 inour Dominions. 3no if at anp time our cuflomers 0? other officers, 0? anp of them, Doe Dittttrbe, 
 mifufe,fo?ce 0? conffraine tbe fait* Cnglifb merchants 0? anp of thcm.o? tbeir factojs, to pap anp 
 maner of cuQomeo?Duetie fo?anp toaresthepb?ingino?cacp out of our Dominions tontrarpto 
 this our commanDcment, ano the fame be knotoen Dnto t»s, then toe to ill that the fafoe cutlomers 
 ano officers fijall loofe 9 be put out of tbeir faio offices,toitb our further Difpleafure,anD the faioe 
 CngliQ) mercbauts to haue retto?cD all fucb monep 9 toares as our cuflomers haue taken of them 
 fo? our faio cuflome.anD tohenfoeuer the faioe Cnglifb merchants 0? their facto?s ttjall b?ing anp 
 maner of toares meete fo? our treafurie,then our treafurer (ball take the faio toares into our trea* 
 furie,anD Ojall giue bnto the faio CngliQ) mercbantB,etcher reabp monep 0? rate Clkcs, to tbe Da-- ' 
 lue of tbeir faioe toares. 9m>toherefoeuer this our letter ofp?iuileogcsujall bee feene ano reao 
 toitbinouroommton,toeSraigbtIptoilanD commano that it take effect,anB be obepeD in al points, 
 
 Dateo at our place of Iauat, the Dap anD pere aboue to?ftten,anD fealeo toitb our pjmcelp feale, 
 ano fitmcD bp our s&ecrecarie in tbe 1 2 .peere of our raigne, 
 
 The 
 
SCrabblc ion 
 
 niiUUcCiiB' 
 lift. 
 
 7 homos Alcock^. Traffiques ? and Difcou eries. _J*i_ 
 
 The fecond voiage into Terjta made by Tiio.Akockyvho was flaine 
 there,and by George Wrenne^& RicCheinie feruants to the wor("hipfiill com- 
 paine oiMofcome merchants in Anno 1 763. written by the (aid Richard Cbeiitie. 
 <fey>e^«^> £mnp plesCe pour Vao?(lj!pgi to miDerttano, tljat in t!je pcrc 1 563 .3 toag appoint 
 PyM §M$? tcD ^P M.Antho.Ienkinfon.anD MThomasGIonerpour agent in Ruffia,tO goe 
 ($$l i;^m foj Perfia in pour toojtljips affaires , one Thomas Alcock ijauing tlje charge of 
 jz|£| © fy tije uopage committeo toljini , anD 3 one of pour toojfijips fcruants being iopnen 
 ^S^^^^ to'-Eb 0-w invourbuCtiies. ^auinglxiitbtos.aet^cpraiD ijoo, rubbles. 3nDiftt 
 fljallplcafepou 3 cannot tell certainty tobat fummeofmoncptoebao tljcnoftbeCniperojs : fo? 
 3rcceiueo none, nojDifburfeB anp ofitintoaresfo?theliopage, aifo 3 (£oo3!tahctoreco?t),31 
 coulo not tell tobat fiockc pout too jibips bat" tijere.fo? tbe bookts lucre kept Co pjiuilp tljat a man 
 couloncucrfeetijem. ©be io,ofsi9apanno 1 563,toeDcparteDfromatotonecallcD Yeraflauc 
 Upon our bopagc totoarD Perfia, ©Ije z^rt 31ulp toe arriuco at Aftracan .- ano tbe fecanD of au= 
 guflinecDepaitcD from Aflracan,antitUe4,of tbe fame monet^uic came to trjcCafpianfeajano 
 tbe 1 1 .nap of tbe faro monctlj toe arriucD at our pojt in Media: anD tlje 2 i.of tlje fato SttguS toee 
 arriucDatShamir.akLtobcreagtbcktngObdoiocanlapmtbeficiot. CSetotretoelentertatnen 
 ofljeatljcn people, fojtljctljirDe Dap after our arriuall at Shammaki toee toere calico befojc tbe 
 king: torgaue bimapjefcn^anD IjcentertatneDbs berptoell. 
 
 Sit our ramming to tbe Court toee toere commaunDeo to come before the king, toho fate inhis 
 tent bpon tljc grcuno toitb Ijis legs a croffe,auo all bis cubes rouno about bis tent.tlje grounD be= 
 tng cottercotoitlj carpets: toretocre commaunseo to fit ootonc, tbe King appointing ruerp man 
 bis place to fit, Snu tbeking commaunocD tlje Cmpcrourof Ruffclandssipercbantst&nfebp, 
 ano to giuc ks tbe opperbanDc. ©be 20. of October Thomas Alcock oepartro from Sham- 
 maki totoarDS Casbin, leautrtgmee atshammakitorccottcrfuclj oebts as tbe Dukes of Sham- 
 maki ougljt fo? toares tofciclj tljep cooke of Ijim at bis going to Casbin. 3n tbe time 31 lap tljere 
 3jcoulorecouer but little, ano at Thomas AlcockscommingftomCasbin, toljo arriuco at a 
 totone calico Leuua&a , toljercnstbe kingObdolocan lap, a nap ana a balfes iourncp from tbe 
 totonetoljereas3lap,3ljearingcfbisarriuingtIiere 3 oeparteo from Shammaki, fimiingljim 
 tberc in fafetie toitb all fucb gooos as be ban toitb ijim. During bis abooe tbere fo j feucn oapes 
 be roaue fuite to tbe king fo? fucb monep as tbe Dukes ougbt Ijim, O0ut tbe king toasDifpIeafeo 
 fo? that tbe Cmpcrour of Ruffelands merchant ban flaine aTSofermanatbis going to Casbin. 
 Thomas Alcocke feeing tbe king tooulu ftjetoebsnofauour, ano alfo bearing from Shammaki, 
 that tljc Ruffes fent their gooos to tbe fea fine ,fojt!jat tljep fcarco tljat tbe king of Perfia fijouls 
 banc knotoleoge of tbe oeatb of tbCBcferman, toilleo mee to Depart to Shammaki toitb. ail fuel; 
 gooes as be bao bjougbt toitlj Ijim from Casbin, 3 leaning bim at tb? Court, 
 
 ©be tljiroeoap after mine arriuall at Shammaki, 31 ban netoes tljat Thomas Alcocke toas 
 flaine cemtnutg on bis toap totoarss me, ©ben tbe king Obdolocan tmccrliariDing of b!S oeatb, 
 Bemattnoeo tobetljcr be IjaD *uw a b?otljer. &ome faio 31 toas.fomc faioe 31 toas not bis bjotber, 
 ffiltben tbi's fell eut,pour toojO)ips bao no otljer feruant tbere but mee among tljofe beatben peo- 
 ple. aabobatu"!$f«cijsfi'» u tti EO fs ^ 
 
 tljeir gooos toitb as muclj bail as tljep migbt to tlje fea fine, ano Ijauing but foure men to fenoe ouc 
 toares to tlje fea floe, 3; tifeo fuel) Bilt'gcnrc, that toitbinttoo capes after Thomas Alcocketoas 
 flaine,3] fent in cotripanp toitb tlje Ruffes gooogjaU pour too jftjips gooos toitb a Spariner, Willi- 
 amAugu[i s anoaSwethen,fojtbattbepmigbttbefaferarriucattbefeafiDe,beingfafelplaptim, 
 aHtobicbgooosaftertoarosarriueoiuRuffelandingooOconoitiou, SpaGerGlouerbauingtlje 
 receipt of "all tljings tobicb 31 fent tljen out of tbofe parties into Ruffeland, Concerning mp 
 felfe, 3; remainco after 3 Ijao fent tbe gooos into Ruffeland fire toecbes in Shammaktfojtlje re* 
 couerp of fucb Debts as tocreotoiug, anc at Iafl toitb muclj trouble recouereD to tlje fumme offif- 
 tene buno?etb rubbles 0? tbere about,tobtcb M.Gbuer rcceiueo of me at mp ramming to Mofco, 
 small fucb gooos as3b?ougbttoitlj me out of Kefelbafli, as bpanotcofmpbanDtbatbeebatlj Ktf=ib=n. 3 ot 
 (ball appcare, 3lfo be bauing tbe receipt of all fuclj gooos as 3 ftnt into Ruffeland bp tbefettoo i^b»a,' 
 abotte named, be tben bao tljat Dopagcin uenter of Ijis otone better tljen anljtmDjetb rubb!es,one 
 Richard Iohnfonttoentierubl£S,OUC Thomas Pettefiftie rttblt'S, One Euan Chennifin a Tartar 
 
 feucntic- rubles, ail tljefe Ijsd tljeir retttrne: M.GIoucr allotoeo Ijimfelfe (Sod knotoetb botoe,3J 
 tljeitbeiiigin Perfia in pour too jfbips afratces. 
 
 ana toijereas Ije faitb.tbc CmperourljaB but fo? bis parca oobble,as farrc as 3 can fce,knoto« 
 ingtobat tbe toares co3 in tbofe partes, bee bao treble, 3f tbcp gauebimfo mucb toares, all 
 tbargescurncDtopourtoojujips,a0toeIloftlje€mperoursas oftljeirotone returnes, 3lwue 
 
 C5g 3 fotoen 
 
 Casbin, 
 
 LeuuaGa, 
 
 30 'JSorcrmsit 
 
 1 15 a Renegado. 
 
 Thoma! Alcockt 
 nam? inttie 
 man bettuccne 
 
 Lcmi.iifta illlB 
 Sbammaki. 
 
1 
 
 354- 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, ^Arthur Scbpardi* 
 
 Gillan ill per., 
 Git. 
 
 fotoen tlje feeoe,ano otljec men baue gatijereo tljetjaruett : % tjaae trauaileo both bp lanbe ano bp 
 toater full manp a time toitb a fojrotofull Ijeart, aftoell fo? ttie faff garoe of tljeir goons as pours 
 IjototoframeaUtljingstotbebeuVutDthep Oa«e reapcD tljefcuttcs of mp trauaile, TBm cuer mp 
 p?aper toas to (Sod, to Delt'uec mee out of t(joCe miferieS tobicb 31 fuffereo fo? pour ferutcc among 
 tljofe beatljen people. 'Cljerefoje knotting mp ouetie tobicb 31 baueoone, as a true feruant ottg'jt 
 to 00,31 bcfceclj pour too?ftjips(altbougb 33 baue but fmall rccompence fo ? mp ferutce,)pec let me 
 baue no to?ong,ano <$oo mill p?ofper pou tlje better, 
 
 aifo, to tnfojme pour too?ftjtps of pour Pcrfian uopage tobat 31 iuoge : it ts a uopageto bee fol- 
 lotoeo.^lje king of Gillan,tob«eas pet pou baue Ijao no trafftque 3 liuetb al up marcbanoife: ano tc 
 - isneere G asbin ,ano not paftCr toeekes trauaile from Ormus, toljitber all tlje Ipiccs be b?ougbt: 
 ano Ijere, (31 meane at Gillan) a trace map be eflabliftjeo : ^ttt pour too?ujipsmulI feno fuel; men 
 as are no riotous Iiuers.no ? D?unkaros.# o? if fucb men goc,it toil be to pour Dilhono ur ano great 
 Ijinoerance, as appeareDbp experience tljepeere i jd^.toben as Richard IohnfontoenttoPerfia, 
 tobofe iournep Ijao bene better ftapeo ttjcn fet fo?toaro. ifo? inbereas befo?e toce ijao trje namea' 
 mong tbofe bcatben people to be fucb marcbants as tljep tbougbt none like in all refpectgjbis ui* 
 ciousIiuingtbcrebatljmaDeUstobecompteo toojfetbentbe Ruffes. 
 
 9gaine, if fuel) men trauaile in pour affaires in fucb a Uopage.pott (ball nettcr knoto tobat game 
 is to be gotten. j7o?botocan fucb men imploptbemfelues to feeke tlje traoe, tbatareinclineoto 
 fucb dices': o?botoecaniSoop?ofper tljem in pour affaires': ^uttobenatraoeiscffablifljcobp 
 toife ano oifcreet men,tljen toilttbe To? pour too?fljips to trafSque tberc,anonot befo?c:fo? aoot* 
 age o? market maoe euil at tlje firff.ia' tbe eccaCon tljat pour toofff)tp0 (Ijal neuer Unocrlt ano tobat 
 gaine is tobe gotten tljerebp be wafter. 
 
 «5*5. 
 
 leraflaue a 
 toluuc Upon 
 tbe cuter of 
 
 Volga. 
 
 Richard Iohn- 
 
 roncirtcfeoftOe 
 
 iimDUoMtw 
 into Perils, 
 
 Sd'barheofso. 
 tunncs mafte 
 
 at Icraibue 
 I564.tapa0e 
 the Cafpiaa 
 tins. 
 
 The thirde voyage into <Perfia , begun in the yeere 1 5 6 5. by 
 Richard Iohnfin, t^ikxander Kitchin, and Arthur Edwards. 
 
 A letter of Arthur Edwards toM .Thomas2^ieols,Szctc\zx'\t to the worfliip- 
 ful company trading into Ruffia and other the North parts,concerning the prepa- 
 ration of their voyage into Perfia. 
 
 After Nicols, mp bounoen ouetie rememb?eD,toitlj ocGre of <25oo fo? the p?e= 
 ferttation of pou ano pours: pou ftjall bnoerttano tljat tlje fecono of Search 3| 
 toas fent bp M.Thomas Glouer(pour S! gent)unto leraflaue,appointeo to re« 
 ceiue fucb gooos as thoulo comefram Vologhda,as alfo fttclj kinoe of mares: 
 asujoulo be bougbt ano fent from Mofcobp pour 9gcnt, ano M. Edward 
 Clarke.tljougljtmeete fo? pour bopage of Perfia. 3no funber 3 3! teas to p?o« 
 uioe fo? bifcuic ; beere 3 ano beefe,ano otljerbictuals , ano things otljertoapeai 
 neeoful acco?oing to aottife. ^b«s31 remaineo Ijere Until tbe comming of pour 3genr,ti)lHcb toas 
 tlje 1 2,cf ^ap, toljo tarieo fjerc tb?ce oapes,to fee us fet fo?toaros on our Uopagcahotben l;e oe» 
 partcotoluaros Colmogro,bauingappointeo(as cbiefe fo?ponraopageofPerfia)Richardlohn- 
 fon, jfo? mp part 31 am U)illing,as alfo baue bene $ ujalbe content to fubmtt mp felfc unoer bim, 
 toljom tlje agent ftjall appoincaitbouglj be toere fucb a one as pou fijoulo tbinke in fome refpects 
 unmeete. 'Stljirtie ttoo pacfees of carfeis are all of tljat kinoe of clotij tljat tue ujall baue toitb us, 
 ^Ll)t other 1 8. packs tljat ftjoulD baue gone,luere folo in Mofco. J^ljat other gooos areftjippeo 
 fo? our uopage,pou ftjaUUnoerttano bp pour Agents letters. JCtbereas Edward Clarke(being an 
 ijonetf man)toas appotnteo 3gent fo? Per(ia,as one fo? tljofe parts mo?e fit tben anp a oo knato 
 bercOaoo batlj taken bim unto bis mercie,tubo oeparteo tbis p?efent life tbe 1 6,of Sparcb HB pall. 
 31 toiQjeo of ©oo fo? mppart be bao liueo: fo? mp ncfire toas in bis companp to baue traueileo innj 
 Perfia. 33otirbarkeo?cracrmaoeljerefo?tljeriuerofVolgaanotbeCafpianfeat6UerplitIe,of 
 tljeburtbenof ^o.tuimes attljemotf, 3Itts banofomlp maoe after tbe<SngIiuj faftjion : but 31 
 tbinke it too litle fo? pour gooos ano p?ouitton of uictuals,3!f tbe too?fljipful companp UjouIo leno 
 bttber a S>b'pto?igbt ,being fkilfull to make one of tlje buroen of 5o,tunnes o? mo?e, o?auiino; but 
 firefootetoaterattbemofltobenit islaoen, 3! tbinke it ftjoulobep?ofitable. ifo? tfpourotone 
 gooosttoulonot laoe tbefame,rjere be99arcljants that tooulo bee glao ano faine to giue great 
 fraigbt to laoe tljeir gooos toitb os, tobcrebp pour cbarges tooulo be mucb lefieneo; 9»o fo it map 
 happen, tbe toages of pour men Ijireo here map be faueo, ano pour fcruants ano gooos infarre 
 greater affurance : fo? tljeir boates Ijere are Dangerous to faile toitb ano to paffe tbe Cafpian fea, 
 ^bere be Carpenters bcretljattoillooetoellpnougb batting one to inttrttcttbem, Pourtoares 
 bougbt bere,ano o?oers taken fo? tbofe that goe fo? pour Uopage of Perfia are pet Unknotocn unto 
 iiv ; toberefo?e 33 cannot (as 31 tooulo at tbis p?efem)to?ttc to pou tbereof.^et,(as pou do knoto) 
 
 ittoag 
 
(tArthur Edwards. Traffiques^and Difcoueries. 355 
 
 tttoastbe (Douecno^a minb 3 tboulo be acquaints toith greater affaires tbrntbefc. li)utobm a 
 Doubt not but 31 (ball be info jmeo of tbem that arc appointeb, anb all things (ball be bought toben 
 tbep fballfce time anb baue mo?e failure, ^bus in bad (as appraretb; 31 commit pott ano pours 
 into the banns of almlgrjtte (Son ; lualjo yjeferue pou in perfect health toitb incrcafe of toojujip. 
 ^"rom Icraflauc tbe i j. of Spap 1 5 <5j. 
 
 By yours to command here or elfewhcre 
 during life. Arthur Edwards. 
 
 Another letter of the faid. M. jfrthur Edwards, written the i6. of 
 
 April i 5 6 6. in Sbamaki in Media,to the right worfhipful Sir Thomas Lodge j 5 66 
 Knight and Alderman :andinhisabfencetoM.7'/'ow<uiV>c , (?//, Secrctarietotherignc 
 worfhipfull companie trading intoRuflia.Perfia, and otherthe North and Eaft partes, 
 touching the fucccfTe Qt%kbardlohnfin in the third voiage into Per/>,1. 
 
 W^jnjipfuII^trjmpbountiettcttetteremembjeB^tottbrjearttepjapcrimto 6oo foube 
 pjeferuation of pou anu pours in perfect bealtb toitb increafe of toojfbm.Jt map pleafe 
 poutljatmplafl letter 31 fent pott toas from AltracantbC2f) of 3ulp 1 565. jFromttbcn&eRi- <ctic P Dcpmrti 
 chard lohnfon,mpfelfe,ano Alexander Kitchin, Departed as the ; o oftrjc fame.Qnb bp meancs fc o * " 3JJH 
 ofcontrarp tombes.it toas the 2 3 ofauguttbcfojetoecametoouroelirebpojtnamebNazauoe. 1565- ' 
 3Dbere,after t»e bab gotten pour gooos on laitb, toith much labour ano C rengtb of men, as alfo 
 toinbleflesDcutfebaubmabe, toe bales pour barke ouerabarreofbeacbo?peeble Hones into a 
 fmall Riuer,fenbmg pour fbips apparell with other things to an boufe bireb in a billage tberebp. 
 Ann as foone as toe might get camels,being the ftft of September toe beparteb thence,anb came &wmt>tt; 
 to this totoneof Shamaki the 1 1 . of the fame: aim tbe 1 7,oap folotoing.toe pjefenteo unto Ab- Entente to 
 dollocan tbeking of this countrep,one timber of &>ables,one tumie 0? neff offilucr cups parfill gj"gjg ?"* 
 gilt.tbjee ^o?fcsteeth4.^c(bmes of fkatlet.g .pieces of ftarfets,toitb40.reD fores. 
 
 ^e receiuebour p jefents toith giuing bs thanks foj our good toils, oemanbing if S£), Ienkio- 
 fon tocre in goob rjcaltfcj.anD tobetber he tooulo returne into ttjefe parts agatrtc. tye toillco bs al« 
 to Inmfelfe to fit botone befo?e bim the bitlance of a quoits call frombts tent, tohcre he fate toitb 
 biucrs of bis counfaile aim nobiiitie, fenbing bs fromfais table fuclj meatc as teas before bim t 
 Ann after certaine talke bab tottbbsjfjefapb, if he might perceiue j knoto anp maner of perfon 
 to boe bs anp to?ong,be tooulo puniftj them in erample of others, toherebp toe fboulb liue in qui* 
 etneffe.anbhauenocaufeto complame,gt'uingbss a litle boufe fo? the time, bnttllabctter might »&onrcgi«cri 
 bep jotiioco in fitch place as toe Iboulb tbinfte mofl mecte,netter toilling bs to rife ; bepart, bn< ^Sj 
 tillfuch time as toe of our felues thought it conuentent.at the taking of our leatte, bee toilleo bs <&' "'"a. 
 to put our toboleminbs anb requeues in touting, that he might further bnoerllanb our befires. 
 TSuttobile toe tocre about to ooefo, (Sob tooke this gaoo king our frieno out of thispjefent life c&ebeat&nr 
 tbe2.of©ctoberpau\ ©betoantofhimbatbbenetbecaufe that as pet tocc cannot receiue cer= tj$fia%w 
 taineocbts, ipotobeit,toeboubt not but toe fball recouer all fttcb fmnmes of moncp as are otoing bK »i 6 *« 
 bsfo? this bopagc.3sfo? Thomas Alcocksbebtstheparepafihope of recoueriejtobich hao not 
 bene lot! if the king hao Itueo, mz t tuft in the pla ce of him, (Sob toill fenb as frienolp a king to« 
 toarbS bs : tobo bp report (anb as toe be crebiblp tnfomieb,)fijaIl bee W fonne nameo the Mur- ©«rr.,p m 
 fay : tobo Rncc the Death of his fatber.at our being toith bim,p?omifeo to fl;eto bs moje frienbtbip S? 8 of 
 t^en euer toe founb : <Sob grant tbe fame. 
 
 ©rcat troubles baue cbanccn in tbefeparts. 2Df tljofe toljich tocre of the ofo kings counfell oj 
 bare anp rule about bim in tbcfe quarte.rs,fome are in pnfon, fome arcpinchco bp tbe purfe, ana 
 other Cent foj bnto the ShaugkCbefe troubles hatte partlp bene the let that toares toere not folo 
 as thcpmigbt,tomo?ep?ofite.S?our3gent Richard Iohnfon bought fourebojfes, trrinbing to ^ctmDot 
 bauefentto Casbin Alexander Kitchin, tobom (Sob tooke to bis mcrcp the 2?;of©ctoberlafi : mS mtj. 
 anb before him oeparteb Richard Dauis one of pour Mariners, tohofefoulfs3trulttbe iojb of jf«oi>w 
 hathreceiuebtobieimercp.aEHearenotobeCitttteofotherstofttpplptheirroumes. foure S^a= IJ6J ' 
 tiners toere feto enough to faile pour barke.tohereof at this p?efent toe baue but one,tobofe name 
 is William Smith.anhoneftpong man,ano one that boctb goob feruicchere. f 0? toant anb lackc 
 of Spariners tljat Oioulb knoto their labours,toe all toere like to be call atoap in a ttojme. #02 all 
 thebjoabfibeofourbarkelapinthctoater, anb toe bab much aboc to recouer it, buttSoo of bin 
 rnercpbeliuerebbs . Spanners here mapDoepougoobfcruiceailtbetointcrothertoapes: anb 
 merchants here toill be gibber tofljip tbetrgoobs inbs gitting gooD fratn;bt ♦ ©ne merchant at 
 this pjefent is content to pap 2o.rubbles fojttoentie camels lacing fraigljt to Aftracan.<g>ucb m,, Ca r^ n r 
 barkes as mufl palfe ttjele feas,map not Djato aboue fiue footc of toater,bccaufe that in manp pla« "«p oS « 
 
 ©g4 
 
 CES 
 
 Oiurrojil,ic«9. 
 
yy6 
 
 3T0e mutiflt. 
 riugof grt!o- 
 
 was iihocH. 
 
 <Eo;amomet 
 annblemaii 
 tlwt f .mount) 
 
 outnmion. 
 
 CBstoalitcofn 
 tiuncn. 
 
 XBDaeabaP 
 
 anan is. 
 
 tViraeaqrrat 
 Jiinttfojuliic. 
 
 tftilan-.tjapes 
 failing from 
 Mfiracao, 
 SMom. , 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, ^Arthur Edwards, 
 
 ces are Derp Hjalicto toater?. <aUee initio tjereaftet to make ttjc Ruffian boatesmojr flrcng,anB 
 tbepfljallferueourturncsberptoell, 
 
 Sno tohcreas fome in time s pad tooke great patae a,tratieU ano care, atin couto net haue tljeft 
 »eGte in tlje' getting of t^e Shaughs letters o? p?iuf!eoge: j^oia,3J trutt (toitl; (Sods belpe) tbcp 
 map be obtauieo : tobicb being baOjtoili be beneficiall to tbe con!panp,anD great quietnes to tljofe 
 tljac fijal remainehcre,altbcugb r;erctofo?e tbings baue crjanceo ill, as tlje like in other countries 
 Ijathbene, 16ut3i Doubt not, tbtsp?iutleBge once gottenanbobtainco, tne fUi.li lute in quict»e(fe 
 ano rcu\ano (hall (ho?clp grcto into a great trace fo? Hikes botb rate ano tojotigrjt, toit'b all kmo 
 of fpices ano o?ugs ) ano otber commooities ljere,as to 2g). Amhonie Ienkinfon is toell knotocn, 
 toho (31 Doubt not) hath long agoe tb?ouahlp atmertifctj the Cowpanie thereof. 
 
 ■£.hc trttert) of tbe fiattgbtcr of T homas Alcock psur feruant,is not certainlp knotoen,:g)cme 
 thinkeittoasbptbcmeanesofanobleman, toitljtohom pour fapofcruant toas earned in dc 
 manoing of pour debts : bpon toljofe too?os be toas fo offenoeo, that be p?ocurcb bis Death, T5ut 
 otber ooetbinkebertlp, tbat in rioingftom tbe Court toitljottt compante, falfe knaues lap in 
 toaite,thmkiiigbebao mud; about bim,ano fofieto ljim,3I octtbc not though tbis miffo?tune Ijatb 
 cbanccbjtljat tbings fljall come Uucll to pau*e,ano tbat toe (ball be better beloueo toljen toe fljall be 
 mo?cknotoen, . 
 
 ^onettmcrcbantsarcglaoofotirbeingbere, anefeeke togrotottt acquaintance tofth bs.be* 
 iugglao to further OS in tbat tbep map.f Ijaue fpokeninottrfauours to the cbicfeliof tljts £oun< 
 trep : one being a noble man,toftlj tobom pour f <Jgent ano a are entreointo f tiencftip, torjo is at 
 tljtstimein great fauottrtotib the Shaugh. Ipe hatbljcre ano in other places of tljefe parts Cet a 
 gooo Sap in tljings ftnee tbe kings oeatlj: be is toell knotoen (o £f .Ienkinfon J)is name is Coza- 
 roomet.3Mb another Dukenameo Ameddin-beckisour great frieno; 9no bis fitter is tbe 
 Shaughes toifc, Chcfc ttoo baue pjomifeo pour 9gent b)> tbeir latoe,not onelp to procure to get 
 tlje Shaughes pnuilcoge, but alfo that 31 ujsfl baue t be Debts paieDmeoftbofetbat toent from 
 hence to Casbin,iftoetooulofenD one toith them, 3nconfioerat!ontobeceof,3itoasbpon(l)0?t 
 toarning (fo? toant of a better) appointen bp pour 3gcnt ^.Richard lohnfon, all ercufes laien 
 apart,p?efentlp to put mp felfe in reaDineffe,anD to Depart in companp toith tbefe noblemen: toitl) 
 cbarge^benJSoDujoulbfenDmetoCasbinjtobfempDtfcreiiontoitbtbeiraDuifi}, fojtbereco* 
 tiering of pouroebts ano p?iuileoge, 31 ujallbattetottrjmce cne interpreter aim ttoobougbt fcr« 
 uants : one of which partlp bnoerffanoetb tljtjs tongue,ano map beput in truft tobatfocuer thouTO 
 become of me f 3l ijaue receiueo <5,tumens inreaop monep,2oo,u>ugb3 is a tumen, reckoninge* 
 ttcrp foaugh fo? fire pence Ruffe. 31 baue further recetues ttoo timbers of !%abIes,oneto be folo, 
 tbe otber to bee giuen to Thomas tlje Shaugh : anD baue o?Der furtber to giue as 31 (ball fee goou 
 totrjofetljatlballfurtbcrmp fuice,anDasoccafionfeructb. 3nofojafinucljas3lam commanDeo 
 togo,3QjalltotUinglpDompbe!l, putting mp trull m<Soutrjat be toill&nD me toell tofpeeo in 
 tljisiournept 
 
 jroia!!ktnDoftoarcsboRc^to?rolD,poufi;aItrjjougbIpI'eawertifeDbp pour agent Richard 
 lohnfon, toljofe reckonings ojaccomptsat no hanos 31 might fee oj be pjiuiebnto. gour fear« 
 feiStoeregoorjanDtorllfojtcD, thepareatiDtoiilbefolDfrcm 1 jo.ujaugbs, to 160. the piece, 
 ■©too btmo?eD pieces toerefolai)nDer,tljatneerjeD not: one 100. pieces at 146. ano 147. the- 
 piece but mo?c tooulD Ijauebene giuen,if circumfpectton IjaD ben? bfeDXbtp toerefolD to tbofe 
 noblemen afojefapo.toben as pet it toas not knotoen tbat 31 frjoulDhauegonetoitb tljem . ^Cbcp 
 map tan us mucb inftcatj.as tbep baue p?omifeD bs tbeir gooo totlsintbat tbcp map boc , Cpere 
 isattbis time bought fo?€nglanrj,i i,packesof ratoefilke,2j,ani3 2d, batmans being ineuerp 
 packe : ^rje batman being 7,pouno, toljiclj map be 6\ pauno ano a balfe of «Engttfb toaigbt, be« 
 tag bougrjtrjtrc from 66,t07o.a)augbcstbebatman.3Ittsfinean3 gooo,litle courfe attbistime 
 teas to be ban.Sno tobere courfe filke raigb t be baa being at G rofw, toe couln not feno tbit Ijer : 
 f j tbat time toas neglecteo at tbe firS, Wlw toee ujall Ijaue UDgers be re to re matne in !§>om» 
 mcr,toe map bttp it at tbe firtt Ijana of tlje countreppeoplc tbat bjing it to fell bitljer, ana to otber 
 placcs,3l tooulo to (Sob tbe Companic couln fino tbe meanes to hauc a bent to make fales fo? tbe 
 one balfe tbattoe map bup berc&be Companie map Jjattc fo? 5 o. 0? 40. tboufanD pounos peere? 
 lp,9nD as appearetbbp pour 9gents too?oes being at Varas, beanootbers fatoetbere fo great 
 abunt>ance,tbatbprepo?cofDiuers, poumapbelloto (ifittocre net fo? tbe burkes) fc? a ttoo 
 hum>?eb ttjouOuiD pounos : bcGoes filke of all colours DieD in graitie, boanb bp in pounotoaigbts, 
 31 tijtakc 1 5<ofcur ounces to their pQun&toaight,atiD&ere folo fo? 2 j,u)aughs,at <5,D,tljeu)aug^ 
 mai>ben,6,(5.pencc, 
 
 fromAftracanin7,o?8.DapeS, toeemapfailetoftrjourbarketoaplacenamcD Gilan: tlje 
 toljicb place in time to come, (31 tijinke) ujallferuc our purpore bcC to goebnto , atom is tbere 
 
 gooo- 
 
(^Arthur Edwards. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 557 
 
 cPilan 4 bapm 
 torn mp from 
 Cal'um. 
 
 tfrom <ffflfbftl 
 to OintuB a 
 moiictti6tM» 
 jiciiuitDcaa 
 meis , 
 
 gooo c!jefipe,ljc:na; bjougbt fcomtljcnrc Ijictjrc toShamaki, anc Colotjere fo? tmo bitJs tfjf ir bat' 
 man,tob it \) mapbe 5 .pence m our monep ; ano fo 31 Ijawe bo ugbc to bee Tent borne 223 . b at mans 
 fo 1 f rample . and at Gilan tb etc it ratoe Glke enough f 0? tbe comp antes ttocke. 31 beleeue,if an? 
 great ff o;e of toares be Cent from pou ,t(jat mutf be the place : gtf rom thence a man map tratiell in 
 4«oapes to Casbm.ano there make qui tkcano better fales,attobicb place pcurcommootties are 
 to be folo, if 0; there be the chtefe ano bell n ;e 1 chant s , ano otuers other cities rouno abotit,to frit, 
 Teuetis.Ardouil, ano Caifh.an,being the heart of tlje cotmtrep,tobere there is moje ciuilitie ano 
 merchants are better bfco . Concerning; this point 31 baue inqutreo of otuers merchants botfj 
 Ruffes ano others that baue bene in thofe parts.ano founo them all agreeing in one tale, ano per« 
 ceiue the fame to be true,ano that all kino of toarcs come from thence into tlj cfe parts, 9no from 
 Casbin to O rmus.ts about 3 o.oair s trattelltng toitb camels.'J baue tojittcn the p;ices of toares 
 in mp letter to the gouernour both fo; (pices ano (ome o jugs luljtctj 31 Do knoto, 
 
 31 fo vou (ball bno e r (tano here it plrntie of peto fo; bo toff aues. 31 caufto t h ? ee hoi fe loaoes to 
 be bought bs fo; to knoto tlje truetbtbttt tijep lucre cut out of feafon this monetb of apjil.the lap 
 being intbcm.3Lb?eemonetb03l neuer left fpcakingto the Coumrepmento bjingfome, gout 
 9gcnt mill feno fome home fo; er ample. 
 
 Cbis oap being the 16, of 9p?ill 31 oeparteo totoaros Casbin ■ c3oo giue me a gooo hottre ano 
 loell to fpeeb.totth a merp heart in returning againe, as mp hope is 3! (ball . 31 baue to jitten mp 
 minoto9p.GIoucrpour9gent, tohat Ruffian toaresSSltbtnftebefttobebouojhtfo; this Coun* 
 trep,anotofeno fome one hither that batlj the Ruffe tonguc,fo;toebauenceo . Sno tbecompa* 
 me (hall 00 toell hereafter in taking of remains to be Cent hither, to fee that tijep be fitch as bane 
 Difcretion,ano be fbmeching b;okcn in the toojlo, ano feene in the trace of mercbawrifr, ano one 
 (if tbep can get fome fucb) as canfpeake tl;e Portingall tongue,mapoo them as gooo Gerutce , as 
 thofe that (hall be here ttoo peer es befo;e him : fo; then toe map bup a flauc that can fy cake th is 
 language ano the Portingal tongue alfo, tobicb (ball then interp;ete Onto bs-in all pour fecrct 0b 3 
 tngs,*oc making the Ruffes p jiup : fo; tbep are fo jp that toe Doe trace into tljefc partes, fo; toe 
 are better beloueo then th ep are : becaufe the? are giuen to be o jimkaros, tbep are much bateo of 
 thefe people. 3ft is to be toiftjo that none Chouio ferue pour too jffnps in thefe parts that be giuen 
 to that kino of bice ; ano tljat pour chtefe agent ano ifacto;fhottlobeabIc to rule ano goticrne 
 bimfelf e.that no Diftjonefiie (boulo be imp uteo to him ano bs. Tt>p Its euill bfage be pat eo here 2 4. 
 tubbles,being in this Countrep 4,tumens fo; a bop, that be toas cbargeD to baue conueteo atoag 
 froma Tefickeoneoftbis countrepmen, tohotoilleobimtoftoeare that bekneto not tobere tlje 
 bop toas become,ano be ujoulo not pap it .3jf ijc toere boneft be might do pour too jfhips gooo fer* 
 uicebecaufeofhts Ruffian tongue, 
 
 3»our lonoon rces are no t to be fent bither,fo ; thep totfl not gt'ue auouc 1 S.Ojaugbes their at * 
 fliine.iiper e be reos of mo;e ojtent colour,bcing Venice Die. 'Che people are giucu much to toeare 
 cloth : the common people Cpeciallp toeare karfeis, ano the merchants of mo;e toealth toeare 
 b;oao cloth. 3» u (hall Doe toell to feno Sue 0; fire b;oao clothes, fome blackes, pukes, 0; orbec 
 fab eolours.tbat map be affoo joeo at 2o,tt)augbeS tbe artbtne, ano not aboue. 3lt is here repo;teo 
 that Kins Philip bath giuen the Curkes a great oucrtb;oto at Malta,ano taken 70. 0; 80. of bis 
 chiefe captains. 
 
 ■Ebtts toifijing 31 hao mo je time to to; t'tc,3I p;ap pou to beare toitb this mp fctibleo letter,an& 
 after pou baue reo it,that Sp.Nicols map baue a fight thereof, 
 
 ings of tlje 
 tomyanr. 
 
 fjifttcrcdgK 1 
 ScnticBi*, 
 
 By your feruant to commanc}, 
 
 nArthwr Eiwttrii, 
 
 Commodities to be caried out of England into Perfia, 
 
 with their prizes then. 
 
 K9rfets are folo there fo; 1 80, fehaugbes : fo tbat a karfep in &I0 there « &»$$£ 
 in Perfia fo; foure pouno ten ftilltngs : fo; euerp Ohaugb is fire pence <5 ' Di€n 8 n * 
 <Engli(h,'anoeuerp'Bifl is ttoo pence halfepenp ©tgli(h,anDin Ruffe 
 • ' monep threepence. 
 <J * ^t!meisfoIoinPetfiafo;i4, anoi8. ujaugljes tbe batman, ^{jeoatman 
 . containing as 31 baue mentioneo before. 
 J TS;afil is at 1 o.ano 1 2.(baugbes tbe batman. 
 4 Keo clotb fine.at 2 y.ano jo.Gjaugbes tbepanr. 
 L5 Copper at 2o,anD 2 j.fyaugbcgtbebatman. 
 
 Commodities 
 
v% 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Arthur Edwards. 
 
 Commodities to be brought out ofPerfia for England. 
 
 i ]3 atofu^eattfo.fljaughs^batrnanri 
 
 2 iviprppcrac 3 2,Q)augl)B^ batman, | 
 
 3 03tttgerat 18.$ 2o,fbaugbs p batman, I 
 
 4 jfrutmegs at g o.fbattgbs tlje batman. J> 
 
 5 tBiimHone at 4. ftjaugbs tbe great b at= 1 
 
 mam "Clje great batman is 12, li. } 
 Cngliflj, ' • J 
 
 9lIom at 2,bias ana a halfe the batman 
 analeCfe, 
 I 7 Kice at Ijalfe a biff the batman, 
 <8 (Sals at balfe a biatbe batman. 
 
 9 Cloues at 4o.fi)augbs the batman, 
 
 10 JDetofojbo&ittaue&ac 
 
 His nrriiisl at 
 «rafbm tjje 25. 
 
 Of t'CMp. 
 
 <Ionrctcn:c « 
 SrmanDo of 
 tJ)cjo>!jausg. 
 
 am rojtB of 
 ciotiRoftcffiir, 
 fprciallp Bfle- 
 fltrue Dozens 
 fiirts into fhat' 
 let. 
 
 lontio cIonjeB 
 ltiiicli tallica of 
 in pa fid. 
 spiicftlgmicc 
 tlotli tuoinc in 
 3&erHa. 
 
 5Ilicfccoimftl)i 
 miffiontotftc 
 j&tiaugbs pie- 
 fcncE,tnc29.of 
 3 tine 1566/at 
 luiiicl) time fjc 
 rcctiiicD rtjc 
 f.'iiuItDgc, 
 
 A letter of M. Arthur Edwards ^written the 8. of Auguft 1 jo'tf.from 
 
 the towne of 'sbamakiin Media, to the right worfhipfull the Gouernours, 
 
 Conl'uls,A(Tiltants,and generalitie ofthe coaipanie ofRuffia,&c. Shewing hisaccefle 
 vnto the Emperour ofPerfia, his conference wich himj his obtaining of a priuiledge, 
 wich diuers othergdod obieruations.* 
 
 R3ght tooilljipfull @a«S mp bounaeneutie remembiea, toitb rnott bumble conrnienoattotw 
 aim lifer rcqucfi to (Sod f i the pieferuatton of pour gooo bealc bs, toith tlje retf of the compa* 
 nie,tc. 3 1 map plcafe pou to vmaerttana, that tbe lafi letter toljicb 31 Cent pou from hence teas: of 
 the 26. of&pjtl of tbisp^cfeiupecrebp Richard Iohnfon at mp Departure totoarDiSCasbin : to 
 tobicb citte 31 came tbe 25jjf S9apfototting ) notltacMnganptiap ) boure,nc?momcnt 1 to procure 
 ana make ftienasfo2 tbe Cpeeate bringing me before tljepitCenccoftUShsugh, being tlje 29. 
 bap of tbe fame monetbb?ougbt before bim> toftljtobofcmactfie Stoasintalfce (a&3tbinkc) 
 ttoo boures. irpe totllea mc ttoffc to come neerer Ijim.Bemanaing tobat toere mp requeues : ana ba<= 
 umg Ijearo tijentfje pjomifeo »'£ bis gracious litters. 9ftcrtoa«s be eallea me ttoife againe to 
 come necrcr bim.ana talkea toitb me of our Qucenes maiettie ana Countrep,ana tobat comma* 
 Bittes toe baa.aiia tobat other commoBittestoe Kfiren : ana then ofotber countries oBiopning' to 
 DS ana tl;eir comniooitieM 3 alfo of king Philip, tobat ouertbioto ije gaue the 'Curlrs at tlje Dege 
 of Malta.&no Ijoto long toe baa traceo into Ruflcland anB Mofcouia^no in tobat fpace toe might 
 faile out of £tiglanamto Riiffe]and,jljoto manp toeekes traucll it is from CoJmogro to AUra- 
 can.: ana then eametoaifcourfrof Rufleland.ano tobat totonesthc <£mpercur IjaatootmcBecIa* 
 ring tonto me bimfelfe mofl of our commobtties , Jn tlje enu be toilleb trjat pour too jftjips fljouto 
 fenti bimof all fo^ts of clotbrs^buttif one cfpeciallp tobicb maioens bo mafte(as be fapo:) l)e na« 
 men it Karengi,a tbittfee it is ISJeQeme Do?ens mis into fcarlets.'&fmc toill not permit mte to 
 to?itc at large tbe conference tobiclj 3 Ijab toitb bis maiettp,3it toas Crange to bis people (fcnoto* 
 ing our religion) to fee mefo long in talke toitb bi'"j toilling Ijis Sccretarie btfoje mee to tojice 
 tobat be toas oettrous of : to toit,of lonoon clotbes 3 tlj?ee 0? fouve of all Cojts fo? erampie.beinj 
 toell (borne ann t> jett.iliolets in graine anb fine reus be moff too?ne, but oxljer goob colours toill 
 atoapjtoljen tbcp (ball Ceetbem.J too?e agarment of LonbcnruITetjbeing mutlj eflcemcD , gou 
 thall oce toell to feno fuclj fo?ts as be liuelp to tlje ftgljt, ano feme blacks fo? toomens garments, 
 toiti) fome © jenge colours ano tatoneis. ^)ere is mttcb bjoao clotb toome. ^bc}> talke mucb of 
 ILonoo'.i clotljcs, aim tbep tljat knoto tbe toeating 3 are uefirous of tbem befojc tbe cloth of tbe too* 
 mens making^ tbep finu it nothing Burablc. 5foj toben it commetb to toearc on tbe tbjeeb, it 
 rentetb like papcr.^)ere is mucb Venice clot!; too jne.bcing crcmplittcb a parti anu a Ijalfe bjoaUj 
 ano folo herefrom 24<to to.ujattoftes their arfln'ne, being longer bpttoo inches then tbe Ruffe 
 aril)tne ts.ltoiftj alfo that pou feno fome goon chainlets 9 Mitiets wn in graine,toitb purple co* 
 lours $fine reos: becaufe tbcfe arc moll toome.?.lfo fome blacks toitbotber colours: Come cloth 
 of goIu,tuTue f botkp/ome scluets to?ougbt tottb goia ,toitb fattins anb tiamaf kes, mofi purple, 
 ano rcas of all fo^ts.^ou mapnotfojget to Ceno Come fOeHcrn k«rfets,to tott,Do?ens, tobicb be 
 tbickestoell.anoclDfeujut in tlje tocauing, being DieD into fine rebs, ana fome fkarlcts : foj 31 
 tljinke there is no futlj cloth fo { tbeir caps, 
 
 3j?ourtoo^(bips ujalIbnocreamj,tbat after tttpfirttaeparturcfrom tbe p?eCence of the 1P?ince, 
 3J neglettco no time in oailp attenoance on'them,tobo ban mpp jitiileDge in to?iting,tbat 3 migljt 
 hauc it inreaaineffe at futb time as 31 Chouln againe bee calico before tbe^?cfenre ofthe Shaugh, 
 tobicb toas the 29,of June laC. 3 toas in appacell that Ije ^nuc Mato mc, toith otljer garments to 
 mine interpjeter.ana one of pour feruants, ana then 3 recetuea pour letters 02 pjiuileage,acccri* 
 aingtompacGre, Ccalea ana firmea toitb tlje Shaughsotoneljano. 3j3?aprcafcce©octoljo bath 
 tojouajljt toitb me,anafoime,in all mpaoings. 
 
 %tyt 2y,of June is one of tbeir cbiefe fefltuafi c?.ies,fo that all Ijis nobilitte toas tl;erc piefent, 
 
 toitb 
 
(^Arthur Edwards. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 y>9 
 
 toitlj ttoo ambaffaoo?s in companie toitb bis maieftie, toho tape unto me tljat if mp letters tocre «hpS * J"b»« 
 . nottompmino,intimeto cometbepujoulobemenoeo. £Obereuponamaoemprcuerence,ano S'tbcVj"' 
 gaue his tjisbneOe mofl bumble anD beartie tl)anfes,faping,ttjat toitlj as much fpteo as might bee, u,lrt, 8»- 
 our Oueeues^aietticiboulo bnoerlianbof btsgooDnclfe totoartiesber S&ercbants, tobicb % 
 thought tooulo tojite their letters of renuett Ditto Ijts H?ighnes,m fucb fojme $ o?eer as bp tbem 
 ujotilo be thought meetc ano requifite foj tljeir gooo alftirattce in the traoe of merrhamjif es \ toljo 
 replieo toitlj thefe too?oes ; tohen toee (ball fee tljeir reafcnable rcquefis, toe toillfijetoibem out 
 farther gooo toifl,ai.ofo 3 oeparteo. < 1 
 
 g>inccthertcctuingoftlje Shaughs letters, a baue eaten in company of gooo DukeSano o« 
 thcrs,toho before tooulo not come neere me* 9 no cuerp Dap fome tooulo come to mp s«)ljop, ano 
 eate aun o?inke toitb me out of mine otone Biflj . JUkctoife f n rioing from Casbin Ijitljer, on tlje 
 toap toljen 31 fate ootone to oinner.tljep.tooulo come ano eate toitlj mee bnbiODen,toben 3 toiujen 
 tljsmfuttbcr off : fo? 3 fpareo tbemtbat,toljicb glaolp 3 tooulo baue eaten mp felfe.3 Doubt not 
 but toe Cjaiiiuic here from hcuccfoo?tb in quuxnes : Fa? noto in all places tobcre 3 come, a am 
 frienolp bfeo toitb tljebell. 
 
 3 toas affeeo bp tbe Shaugh if poutoere able to b?ingljimpeetlp one btmojebtljoufano pieces 
 of kertieSjano clotbe$#nD 3 anftoereo bim,faping,pour too?u)ips toere able to furniftj bis coun» 
 trep toitb ttoo bttnojeo tboufano. <EUbereat his JSpighnclTe reiopceo : fo? tlje burkes ambatTaoo? 
 the laC pere.as Diuers baue tolo me,oioput tlje Shaugh mDefpaire,faping,tbat tlje 'Eurke tooulo 
 not permit anp clotb to be b?ougljt into bis countrep. 
 
 Cbcre is a citie in Syria namen Aleppo, toberein continual!? are manp Venetians Dtoelling, $'!^ a t a tt c j,"' 
 befioes otljet tljat come pcerelp ano tljere bup toools^alSjtallotojfaffronjf kins.cotton toooHano 
 other toares,ano great flo?e of fp.ces5.9lfo the Armenians peerlp receiue at tlje Venetians banos, Armenians 
 karfies in barter fo? ratoe filks,giutngfometimcs <5o, pieces of fcarBes fo? 70. batmans offilfee ^^Sim 
 of this countrep, ano 40, pieces fo? Grofin Bike. 9no karSes folo commonlp fo? re aop monep in 
 Aleppo.at 1 i,ano 1 s.Duckets tbepiece,(tbe bucket being here tooo?tlj 1 2.ujtilings)map coQ tbe 
 firU penp 1 ? 2.ano 1 44,Shaughs a karfie. 15p report it is one monctbs trauel from this totoite of 
 Shamaky to Aleppo,anD from thence to Tripoli$,Br DapCS iottrnep : anD from TripoUs to Venice «|,e blrtante 
 bptoater, a monetljo?fiuetoeekes failing. 9saieartie,frombencetoVenicemapealtlpbetra= ^pZmvv" 1 ' 
 «elltDinleu"etbentb?«nwnttljs. ®b«efo?e3 toiujpourtoojujipstopjocurefometruQiep.no 
 affiircb frieno thereto toljom from bence letters map be fent. tfo? 3 can baue tbcm here to put in 
 fuerties to oeliuer mp letters,ano to b?ing anftoere. 3 fa ban anp thee here toitb me, 3 tooulo 
 nothing baue ooubteo to baue b?ougbt pou tlje Shaughs letters that toap, 
 
 Che Armenians ano other are acOrous to barter toitlj Ust,giumg dike fo? katites,ano alfo toill «rmmtans 
 feme bs of all kino of fpices.toe giuingtbem fufftcient toarning to fetcb it in tbe Indies, ano toill *"%£ ^"f t \% 
 beliueritbsin Shamaky at tbcfep?i?es. fiuaant! r; rem 
 
 pepper this cotones batman fo? 1 8,Shaughs,cuerp Shaugh is firepence. f01 & •" u ' s • 
 
 spaces largefoH°- Snau g ns »anb4j,tbe batman, 
 
 Cloues fo; 4o,Shaughs the batman. 
 
 Nutmegs fo? i6.ano iS.shaughs tlje batman. 
 
 <g)inamomfo?4o,Shaughs tbe batman, 3boubtnotbuttberetoiUbep?o8teanogoobbone 
 in fpices,toitb bmgs ano other like in time. 
 
 ^rom Casbin to OrmusisCrtoeekstrauel,anofrombence to Casbin is id.oapcstoitb ca* 
 mels laoen: but if one trauell toitb a gooo sptiXe bnlaoen , it map be goneinfeuen 0? eight oapes» 
 9rto a tljinke to Ormus ano otberp!ates,map be trauelleo in likeo?oer ano p?opo?tion,toitb cat^ 
 tel wilaocn .15 ut Ijerc in all places as men trauel,tbep mult carie their otone p?outfion on bo?fes, 
 toljicb tljep are to bup.ano tbtts tbep trauell but a footcpafe.. 
 
 Che Shaugh Ijimfelfe is oettrous to bargaine toitlj pou,tobo toill giue monep, Clke,ano other *»* &6«itsft 
 tosres as toe totll,ano take our toares as toe map affoojo tbcm, totliing me bimfeife to b?ing fucb b5?B°>nVfoi 
 toates as toe might gainebpbim. Cbe Armenians bp repo?t,ano as a perceiue, b?t'ngfrom A- ontcommB. 
 leppopeerelp,fottre J fiue,anBfirtboufanopiercsofkarliesanDclotbes,beQDestbofetobicbotbtc * 
 men bjing. 3f pour 2®o?Qjips might procure ano fino bent o? fales fo? ratoe BlSejanbltikc oico 
 ingraine,beftoes otljerfilkes to?ougbt ano maoe here, bp toljicb, p?ofite map bemaoe ; then pstt 
 might feno a great fubftance of toares hither. T5ut 3 feare pou Qjall be bmbereo bp tlje Veneti- 
 ans tf tbep map : fo? a knoto it toill grteue tbemtbat pou ooetraoe into tbefe partes t fo? in fijojt 
 time tt ujafl cleane alter their traoe,ano binoer tlje fales of their clotljes in Aleppo ano other pla« 
 ces aotopning.gou (hall bnocrfiano that tfebatmans of Bike is a flpules laoing : ano as it is re« 
 po?teo,one billage of tbe Armenians perelp carietlj 4oo,ano yoo.ggules Iaoutgof Biketo Alep- 
 po,anD b?mg«b tbence 800.0? a tljoufano Spules laoen toitlj karfies $ Venice clothes* 9no 1 8, 
 
 pieces 
 
 \ 
 
3<fo 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, ^Arthur Edwards. 
 
 2ooo.ptti:t0or 
 
 JtarQcBtobc 
 
 fottinto ^tn 
 fia. 
 
 Ifibtpmteb 
 
 from ■Cat bin 
 
 aitb-Hobrt" 
 
 funs great 
 
 itrgligtnrr. 
 
 Miif, 
 
 .... 
 
 tfojontoinct 
 
 tuas Arthur . 
 Edwards fcteiib 
 za iDc&UaugJ. 
 
 ©ictuals flirt 
 aiutjinga Bear 
 at Harbin. 
 
 pieces of karftes ace a Spuleslaoing,T3ut 31 toitb pounot to fenD aboue 2000, pieces of karfieg, 
 altbougb3iljauebe«etotlleDtoto?itefo?mo?e . 3If 3 nngyt Ijauc Uao anp DnocrCanotng tobat 
 pour <KKo jfj)tps IjaD to?itten fo? in pour letters Cent tbis peere, 31 ftjoulD in tbis nip letter bane 
 bene better able to baue anltoereDpou.'Cbep tobicb be noto in Aftracan,migbt baue tojitten feme 
 tbmg tmto me bitbc r,tf it bao plcafeD tbent> 0? elfe baue fent me fucb letters of mine, as 3) bope 
 fome of mpfttemis baue to?ittcn to me s fo? bcrc are arrittea eigbt toeekes paft, ttoo boates toitb 
 toaseetanD Ruffes.bp tobom tbep migbt baue to?itten,baD it bene but 3.01 4.lines, %%zy p?cmifeB 
 tlje Ruffes to to?tte,but piomife toas not kept, 31 tooulD be fo?p rtjat anp boat njoulo Depart out of 
 tbcTepartes,anD nottojitebnto tt;cm, toapingboto alltbingsffanti. 3 Ijcarc tbep bauebougijta 
 boat,tobtcb cott 4ctubbles,anB (bippeB certaine toarcs to come bitber.<6oB feno tbem in fafette, 
 31 Dotarie tljetr camming, 0; els 3 baB tbougbt to baue come to AHracan in tbofe bcates iubicb 
 DcparteBbencelatelp, 
 
 '©be ftftecntb of 3!ulplaCr,3! oeparteo from Casbin, atiD came to tijic totonetbe 2j>,of f ftmr, 
 Sno tlje fottt:b of 3ugutt 31 founo meanes to arrett tbe falfefi knaue in tbtscouhtrep, totoit, tbe 
 Cufiomer fo? 2 2.tumen.s,atib 1 oo.ftjaugbs. (2oo,(&augbiei is a tumen.)3! ban* cauftB him to put 
 infuertiesfojbts foo?tbcommingat alltimes.tebatcnDca (ball baue toitb bim, <£od knotoetfc, 
 tbe Debt totll be recouereo,buc not pe t ,f ? be mud nap tbe Shaugh 1 ooo.rubblcs . Cbefe partes 
 as pet are ia no ttap f 0? lacke of a -Sou crnour 0; beao to rule , toljicb 31 tbinke (ball bee tbe Mur. 
 fey. taithin 5.0? 6,Dapes toe (ball knoto,fo?itisttme,becaufemen are infearctotrauell fo? be* 
 trig robbeo,3if ibere tocre a p?ince placco,31 Iboulo foone get in pour Debts, fo? tljep Bare net oifo« 
 Jbep tbe Shaughs letters ? p?tuileoge : tobtrein be bat b not onelp to?itten rtjat our Debts (ball be 
 patetijbut alfo tbat toe (ball be takenbeeb to.fo as toe neen notto Doubt (©00 toilltng) in time to 
 come,to be bere as totl bftD as toe are in Rufldand.Cbe bils of Debt? tbatRich.Iohnfon left toitfr 
 me.bfiD neirtjer tbe parties name no? fumme of monp in ttoo of tbem.anB in otber bils but bis oton 
 name. 31f 31 bao notbfeo oifctetton in caufing to be tojtttcntn our p?iut!eDge, tbat fucb Debtee as 
 areotoing, ibcmlDbepateBanpof bsintbeabfenceoftbf otber, fome men tooulo not baue paieo 
 one peniCjbut onelp to Richard Iohnforijtobobatbtojitten but btsotone name onelp in tbe bilg. 
 31 r ecetueo in Casbin of Fotackan in part of %9„ tumens, 3 ocOjaugbS m moijep i tlje rcfl be totll 
 Beliuer me bcrein ftlke,anb tbw is all tbat 31 baue receiueo to tbis oap. anu as fo? Ha wrambecks 
 ttoelue tumens,31 make accompt.tljat if 31 couln rice to fpeake toitbbmi, 31 ujoulobe paio in mo» 
 jttpanotearcs. ^oucbmgAckonsmonep.bpmeanesofDukeAmcddinbcck, tobofirttotoen 
 tbe oebt, becaufe tbep meant not to pap a ptnie,be Din ratljer feeke to binber mp fute trjento fur* 
 trjcr mte 3 but 31 founo out apitefent remeoie : fo? (Sou fent me frienos tbat totre altoapes about 
 tbe Shaugh.anD Bail? put onbta apparell, tobo openr n all mp fute, anu b jougbt mee to tbe p ?e« 
 fence oftbe-Sbaugh befo^etbat Cozomomcc fatoetbeShaughsepes . "Eut Cozomomctin 
 tlje eno teas mp frtcno : foj be toas feut foj.anb beclarcb bnto tlje Shaugb tobat gooo mercbanos 
 toetoere.bftngtructbin all our Doings, ana bote toe toere in great faucurtoitb tlje «Cmperouc 
 dfRuffia, ano tobat gooDcommoDities toeemigbt bung into bis Countrep, toitlj otber talke. 
 Slno Dailp be teas fent fo?. to tbe Shaugh about tbe affaires in tbofe partes, foj no man toas able 
 to aouife tbe Shaugh of tbe date ano affaires of tbofe Countreps fo muclj as bee toas . l^e otoeo 
 pout®aQ?(bipsfeuentumensanD48.(baugbs, tobkb toas not all ttjis time to be gotten at bis 
 banDS: fo? bee toas at great cbatgcsmriomg to Casbin, ano giutng great gifts Cnce bis com-- 
 mittg.tobicb be ttoife DedareD bnto me,3l feeling bis grtefe became Pbpttcion to cafe W patne, 
 ano fcrjgaue bim bis Debt abouefapD, in recempence of ten pieces of karOes, tbattoere p?omifeD 
 ljmibp"Rlchard Iohnfon ano me, to gtueftim attbe commtng of our gooes, in tonCDeration tbat 
 beujoulDtoitbfpeeBDoetobatlapittbtm, tooifpatebmeatoap: fo?3Iperceiuebeep?ocureD 0-- 
 tber tbat did belpe me in mp fute to Delap me of.till time be baa bispurpofe.31 neuer toas in qutet, 
 tiUSlbaDtbelp^incespjiuilcDge, ano bao got mee out of Casbin : fo? bictuals, anD all otber 
 tbtngs areberp Deare tbere.becattfe tbep ate b?ougbt tbitber fromfarre sff.as fo? allotber fmal 
 Mbts (tobtcb map be about 7. tumens) toben our S^ercbants are come bitber, toeujall feeke to 
 get tban in as toe map, 31 toiftj pour fHo?fijips to feno fome bullion to bee copneo bere, it toiU 
 pleafe tbe p?i«ce tbere, ano be profitable to pou. feilke is better cbeape bp ttoo 0? tb?ee fljaugb* 
 ebe batman 5 tben it toas the laft peerc^ou fljfiU miDerttano tbat 31 baue to?itten tteo letters of all 
 mp p?oceeDings,tobtcb 31 fent from Casbin long Cnce : to tott.tbe 24,ano 29,of 3! une lad, bp one 
 of pour feruants to Gilan,tbere to take ffjip ano to goe to Aftracan,anD to Deltuer tbe fame bnto 
 pour if acto?s,tobicbmigbt baue bene to tbeir quietnes ano mine,long agoe, 15ut 3! am rigbt fo« 
 tie to beare dice mp comming bitber,tbat be batb plaieo tbe loitering mercbant in Gilan,not go« 
 tng in tbofe boats tbat toent firft.but taricb fo? tbe latt boats, ^ut 31 toill teacb bim,to tbe eram» 
 ^eofotber,botobt(ballmakebaaebereafterutfucbaff«rep, -Crjekariiesttbicbjou fent laflf, 
 
 being 
 
 1 
 
j£i_ 
 
 Dtijof fi Hlllte 
 OdSllM, 
 
 Ciliintiirl fill* 
 Dapc0 ntiliig 
 ftoin<£n(bin. 
 
 Calff, 
 (Trains. 
 
 
 ^Arthur Edwards. Trafriques.,<3c Difcouenes, 
 
 being bougbt of^.Q^destoJeregooDano full lengths anD toellfouea, djepu'nccs ambafc 
 fjDojofGilan to.ts in Casbin,at mp being tbcrc, 31 bopeintSoBjif 31 rcmameljercanomapgGe 
 to Gihn,to obtainefoj} poire too jflji'ps the likepu'uileDge at the kings bano the re alfo.foja ().""« 
 fomtljiug ittcueo tl;c mattering put in fuel) comfo&ttjat 31 Doubt not the getting thereof tofttj 
 finall charges, toljicb3!baDDoneat tljis time if 3i Ijan feaD otljer Ijerctoitl) me to put iu trull : fo? 
 from Casbin to Gilan is bi'.t j.oapes rising, tobich Countrep map bepiofitable to pour tTOoj/ 
 (hips, djcre is in that pjouince gooo flo?c of filke.better cbeape, ^better in gootmefTe tben this 
 countrep Gllte is.Slfo great ttoje of 9lom,bcingtbere Mo this totones batman/o? one bift ana a 
 balte,31 (jatte maac rec'?. ontng,al cljargcs borne from ijence to (Jolmogro, $ from thence fraiglje 
 tnt j (Snglano at tbjee pounos the tunne,al charges accottntca,toiH not (tana pou in aboue i S.ano 
 2o,u)illings tlje bunajetb.Wou jjauepeerlp bp rcpou ttoo ojt^jee Ijunajca ttmneslaaing.ffltbcr 
 commoDtttes there fo? Cnglana 31 bcare not of.^s ftn gals berc to bee bougbt,tbere is no profit 
 to be none bp cljem.'aLljcpbcbjougbtfrom Aleppo, anD folDtjcre not bnaet ^.oH.ujaugbstljeu; 
 batman,being fit pounas CngliQ) toaigbt,. (Sraine that pou Die fcatlet toitball is toojtlj the bat« 
 manreaap monp,2oo,fljaugljs,reckomngtbeujaugbfej <5.pence Rufle,itmapbe 6,rubbles tbetc 
 batmanjjour too?fljtpsmap fena fomc paction of monp,if pou map bttp,as 3! tljinkcpottmap, fo? 
 1 2»ana 1 3.3.apounatI;e berries,fo pou fljall gaine botlj tit tlje puce anotoaigbt,3f one€ugliu> 
 manmojebaabeneljcrctottljme, to tuljom 31 nugljt Ijatie oeltucreuour bilsof nebtia ana other 
 tljings,b)Oatfocucr njoulb ijauc cljancco of ine.31 tooulo tljenljauc become fetuant to nnne 31iitcr^ 
 pjctetjanDfoljaue gone co OrmusanuAleppo^toljicIjbot^iopne on tlje bo jbersoftljis countrep, 
 hetng tlje cljiefe Spart tctoncs,tobcreunto from all places merchants refojt, 3ud thus tooulo 31 
 fcatte fpi'nt 4,0? 5 imontijs in trauellingfo j further knotoleoge of things foj to batte ccrcifieD pour 
 too?flji?s of . 3i bopein 600 to bfe things in fuclj o?Dcr,that pcerlp pou fljallljaue returnc of pour 
 gooDS from ijcuce,as pou Ijatte fojtlj of RuiTeland,ana in thofe (hips, ifoj if me map, as 3! Doubt 
 not toitlj Diligence, pjouiDetomakefalcsinttme, anD toitbfpceDreccitte filke attfceShaughs 
 iianD.anD otljcr mcns,tbat ft map be fent from Ijence to be in Aftrac an at tlje beginning of 3pulf, 
 from tobence it map befent to Colmogro in tbjee monctbs ana leffe, ana tljete to be rcac? toitrj 
 tlje rcti cf pour goaas bv tbe cno of 31uue foj pour Chips to recettte,tbat toil! be time maughvSClu'st 
 31 ooubtnet to bung to patte toitbiu a peere oj ttoo,torjcn toe are tbjcttgblp fctleo iu thefe parts, 
 anD better knotoen,39o?eouer pouSjall unocr3anD, tbatat mplatt being in tlje pjefence of tlje 
 Shaugh, it toas fapo to mee tljat s^.Anthonie Ienkinion DiD pjoffer to take all tlje ratoe filke in 
 tUpfe partic^jDsliucnng clotlj ana otljer tommoDitiesfo? the fame, 31 alfitrc pou tljerc is in tljofe 
 parts to be Ij.id ttywo} fettve tljoufanu ljo?fes IaDing,euerp bo jfe loas being 50,0? 60, batmans, 
 beftoe Hike of Grofin. (Srcat abunnante of filke at times is fent out of tljefe parts,to toit, 4,0? 5. 
 bunDjeD ljo?fe loces at a time bp tlje '2Durkes,toljo bung great fioje of filuer to be coiuco, to tuit, 
 Dollar? at ten maugljstljepiece.CbcHungarieDttcket is at 1 2,lbaugbs.3nD batting moncp 
 in reaaincs ?t tlje time of tlje pccre,tljep bup filke tbe better cbeape,toljen tlje countrep men bung 
 itfirfi to be folD.Jfpotretoojujtps map bargainetoitljt^e Venetians totakefifkc acpotuijanajf, 
 oj otljettoife ocale tottb tljem.J aoe not nriSrutt but to ijaue at tlje Shaughs bana fire batmans of 
 filke foj ttoo pieces anD a Ijalfcof karfies. geur gooo aattifeljereinjana motrjer matters,3 trutt 
 poutoilitojitetoitljconuenientfpeeo. Scatter Anthonie Ienkinfon batb acferuco great cm* 
 mtiiDatiou at all pour too^ujtps lianas : fo? tlje gooa report of btstoell anD toife aoings in tijofc 
 yarts.toas oftentimes a comfo?t to me to Ijeare thereof, ana fome gooa Ijeipe to mein mp pjocee^ 
 Dings, Co this aap 31 nc ucr Ijcara from anp of our merchants. <Soa grattnt me in tjealtlj to fee 
 pour too?iljips,fo? 1 3 bauc Ijjd a carefttll trattell, toitlj manp a &?ctefuHaap anabnqutet fieepes* 
 jQeitber ijaD 31 tlje company of one Cngliib perfon, to toljom fometimes 31 mt'gl't baue eafeo mp 
 penfiue ljcart,as <!5od toell knotoetfj.tobo Ijatb DelmereD me from mine encmies.CbHiS almtgbtte 
 <Soa graunt pou in Ijeaiclj anD toealtlj long to line. 
 
 Your humble feruant at commandement 
 
 during life, z/frtbur Edtvardt. 
 
 Another letter of Arthur Edwards written in Aftracan the i6\ of 
 June, is if 7. at his ret time in hufrft voiage out ofPer/ia, to the rigfit worfliipfutt Com- 
 panie trading inroRuiliajPerfiajand other the NonhandNortheaft partes. 
 
 ICmapplrafepot!r2IIojfi)ipstbatljerein31ljattctojittennotoncIp rertame art'ries of pour 
 pjiui'CDgc.but alio the (Sottcrnours names,tottb tlje ConfuIs^ffiSants ano gencralitic^ifo 
 fuclj cojwnbDttffiS as tbe pu'nce j^mpa-ottr cf tlje Countrep batb tou'ttcn in one of his letters SSra mrSF* 
 DirecteD topcur Z2Jpju)^iS tobefcuc ^tmj toitlj other notes tobiclj3l thought gooo to be remem* ©ofcoup <om« 
 
 £9.Antlion> 
 
 Ici.kin'uns offrt 
 
 to (Jielptrrian. 
 
 CD Anitonii 
 Icnkinfon COM* 
 
 Bttnoco. 
 

 The Englifli Voyages, zA rthur Edwards. 
 
 b?eo,as map appeare Ijcreafter follototng, gout pjiuilcoge is to?itten,graunteo, aim giuen in 
 
 the names Of ttjefe fire perfons follotoing : to toit,fir William Garrard,fir William Chefter,go> 
 uernoutS,fir Thomas Lodge,ma(ler Anthony Ienkinfon, maffer Thomas Nicols atlD Arthur 
 Edwards. 
 
 i tfirffj't is granteb that pou (ball pap no maner of cuffomes ojtols, anpkinrjeoftoape?, 
 noto.no? in time comming,bnto bis latest after him . 9no that all Cnglifb merchants, futij as 
 pott (ball appoint note ano hereafter, (ball ano map paffe ano rtpatfe into all plates of bis Domini* 
 ons anootber countries aDfotmngintljetraoeofmertbanoije., tobupanufell allmanerof com- 
 maoittes.tot h all maner of perfons, 
 
 2 3ltem,that in alljplaces tobereanp of our merchants (hall Ijaue their refbjt, o? abining, U& 
 thtefe ©otternottrSjKulers ano Suffices (ball take beeo bnto bs,being our aioe 9 Defence againfl 
 all ewl perfon?,puniujing thofe that (ball oo bs anp tojong. 
 
 1 . 3ltem,that fo j all fuel) Debts as (ball be otoing bp anp maner of pcrfoit,ittfficc (bal be Bone 
 on the par tie, ano to e p aio a t tb e o ap , 
 
 4 3!tem,tbat no maner of perfons of tohatfoeuer efface o? Degree tbep be of,(baIl be foljarait; 
 as to take anp kino of toares,o j anp gifcs.toithottt anp leatte ano gooo totll, 
 
 5 3Item,tf bp chance meolep anp of our merchants o j ferttants,as ©oo fojbib.fboulb kill anp 
 of his fubtects,that no part of pour gooos (ball be tottcbeo 0} meoleo totthall, neither anp partie 
 but the offenoour,ano true tuflice to bee miniffreo, ami being anp of bs,not to fuffer toithout tlje 
 flftyuices knotoleoge ano aeuife, 
 
 6 3 tem,tbat all fitch Debts as arc note otoing, o j %tn after (hall be,are to be paieb bnto anp 
 of bS,tn the abfence of the other,be the partie oeao oj aliue. 
 
 7 3item,tba£ no perfon retttrne anp kino of toares backe againe.being once bought o j folo, 
 
 8 31 tem,t Ijat id Ijeu <$oo (ball fens pour gooos to tbD?e,p jefentlp his people (bail belpe bis on 
 iaitDbritbthem. 
 
 ®hefe articles before tojitten,31 truO in ©oo toil content pour mt'nos.bntiH pour farther let- 
 ters be hitherto tontten onto the p?ince, toho 31 am affttreD toill graunt pour farther reafonabte 
 reque(fs,tohicb his maietf ie hath p?omifco,jf o? 31 moaco the que(rion,DecIaring bnto him that 3J 
 thought pour C33o?{bipstooulDtonte pour letters of rcquetts,to craue his farther gooo toill, as 
 fljoulo be thought meet foj pour better atfurance tn thetrabe of merchanoije : pou toill barolp be« 
 leeuetobat long ano gracious talke be haDtoitbmce, tobicba affuiepou continue© ttoobeurejs, 
 tobicb toas ttrange bnto tbepeople $ other merchant Cr angers , jfo? bettoitt euerp quefiion that 
 biSmaie(tiemoueD,tohen3i hao anftoercobim, Ijee tooulo talke toitb his 39oblesano other hi? 
 feruants,bauing fome knotoleoge of our £2ic(f erne parts ? commobities, anb then agatne toouto 
 bemattno other quefttons4>e caufco his £s>ecretarte to tojite the articles before namto, in all of 
 Ijis fottre letters giuen me(bJbereof tujo as 3 reqttireo.are in the "Curkifb tongue to be fent pott.) 
 SDntbe backe Coe of one,hee Ijatlj tD?ittcnlDbattoareBhts^aieiIiebJOUlbfaaue pou to fenb him, 
 $?c tjeib meonc houre boithtn night before 31 Depatceo from btm. 
 
 Thefe bee the names of the wares or commodities which on the 
 
 backe fide of one of his letters the Shaugh hath written to you to be fent him. 
 
 FJlrtt, fome cloth of ©otolith cloth of&ifliie, ana cloth of Kotkp.as fteutets brought toft& 
 golb. 
 
 31tcm,gooo beIuets,to boic.crimoOns^urpleSjretisi.grecttes ann blackes. ^Thefe colours hist 
 maieflie requiretb,foj thep are rnott toome.SlnD though there be fome of thefe laares mabe in his 
 citieofCaflan, pet nothing like in gooones, to thofe that pou map pjocurefoj htm, gmialipjo* 
 fite 31 tht'nke trill be in thefe bjares ; pet fo? oiuers con(iotrations,as alfo to tatiffie the IP^incei* 
 mmtj,3) tot(bpoutofenofome,anD thofe that be etpectall gooo. 
 
 Sltcm^gooo oamafks anb fattins of all fo?tes,b)ith an huno?eb pieces of goob thamlets, tohtcft 
 are tooo?tlj here 8o. fljaughs the ptcce,at fire pence the (rjaugh,anb thofe Clkeetobeeofthofe ta- 
 lotrrs aboue to jitt en., to toit,crimofins, purples,rebS,greenes, blackeSj toitb fome light toatcljet 
 colours. 
 
 31tcm,th?ee o? foure completeharnelTes that toil abibe the (hot of a hanbgun toith i o.oj 1 2,tar= 
 gets of Ucele.being gooo, 
 
 31tem,ten o? ttoelue gooo Qjirts of malebeing berp goob oj elfe none, that map abibe the ftot 
 of an arroto,anb ttoo buffe ierkins, 
 
 3ltem,ten o? ttoeluepicces of 2JHe0erne karCes, being thickcb tocKanb dofe fTjutin thetoea* 
 uing,anb Dteo into fcarlets anb fine reos»3! tbinfee there toil be no fttelj doty fo; noblemens caps, 
 
 3 
 
T)iHances of places. Traffiques,and Diicoueries. 
 
 & 
 
 ■&ije yjmcc namco tkem *karangies,fapmg, tbat major ns did make ti>:m, $ is Dclirous of tijem, * 3 ? tticu>oj& 
 3Hamfif pieces of fine tpollano claci) fo? the 19?mcc,uritb feme ottjcr fo? nobleincn,of a Iomer SSSK^S 
 
 yjicc. iiUdncftatQc* 
 
 3Hem,ttDentte fjanDgttnp being gooo/ome of tbcm toicb fire Iocks,anb alfa Gr goob Dags,toutfj 
 locks to tratteltoitbalU 
 
 atemioo.buifibesfo? garments (none mao» of Cunnes bairc,) fo? gifts, ano othettoifeto 
 befeltn 
 
 3I{«n,Gjc flone botnes tbat ffjoot lean pellet?, 
 
 3Iteni 3 a null to grino co?ne in tlje ftelo as tbep goe s fineip ocittfen : fo? Cozomomct tmlleb me 
 totoJHtc foj one to be feiu 3 to giue tbe Ipunce. 
 
 3tcin,tlje Ipjince rcquiretbof all fortes ano colours of lonbon cIothes,31 tuiOj pou to feno no 
 tefle then 40,0? 50/0? 3 knoto tljep toll befolo to profit, efycciallp fuel) clotlj as map be affoo^ 
 beo fo? 2o,il)aujl)S tbe ar(b:ne,b)bic& is longer bp ttoo of mine incbes tben Ruffia arQjine is. Let 
 tiere be fiiiefkarlets.toiolcts in grair.e, fine reus, blacks, bpboneblttues, fourc 0} fine of euerp 
 fo?e,foj tbe uunce ann otljcr lo jos : tbe reft of other colours liuelp to tbe ftgbt.as lonoon ruffctg, 
 tatunics,lion colourS,goob Ituelp grcencs.umk otbcr,as pou (ball thin&e gooo : foi tbe pjtnce oc= 
 firetb to fee of all fo?tsr,lufjtclj bull be an occaCon tbat tht Venetians ane Turkes fljnU bee in leffe 
 eifimation iljcn tbep arc : fo? tbep tbemfelues bo fcarcano fccretlp fap the'famc. ano truelp ihe 
 ■polices fubiects intent) to enter into trace bjitbUBfoi fpices ano otber commoDities tbat tbep 
 
 lucre tooontto fell bntO tlje Venetians aw> Turkes. 
 
 Sb«s 31 commit pou all to *Sob,to!jo fena $m bealtlj tuitb increafe of njojfijip. SHu'tten in 
 Aftracan tbe 1 <5,of 31tme, 1 J <5 7. 
 
 By your feruant during life to command, 
 
 ^Arthur Edwards. 
 
 Diftances of certaine places in Ruflia. 
 
 The way from Saint Nicholas Bate 
 to CMofco. 
 
 toftUs 
 
 SoColmogro loo 
 
 SoVftiug 500 
 
 So.Totma 250 
 
 SoVologhda 250 
 
 ailbptbertuerofDvvina |noo 
 
 SoYcraflaue. 180 
 
 SoRoftouc 60 
 
 So Peraflaue 60 
 
 SoMosko 120 
 
 Ofc>p lano CaC ann 2j^efl £ 440 
 
 The way from Aiosko to Smolemho. 
 SoMoram 
 'So Smolensko 
 
 Tbe way from Mosko to Nonegrod. 
 SoOttuer 
 SoTorzhoke 
 SoWifnouolloko 
 SoNouogrod 
 
 feotitheattanbjfrojxbtoeO; ^450 
 
 Tbe may from Nouogrod to Name. 
 SoTefeua 
 So tbe Friers 
 SoYriaNiagorod 
 So Narue 
 
 &oiubtocflans$0$tijeatt |i£; 
 
 300 
 200 
 
 1 So 
 <5o 
 60 
 
 150 
 
 50 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 *5 
 
 H 
 
 berttss 
 From Nouogrodto Vobsky,is 180, 
 
 verftsbyEaft. 
 
 The way from Vobsli toRj i»LiefI*nd. 
 
 CoNewhoufe jo 
 
 Co Gouen on ^ bojuersn " 
 
 ®0 Wendcn 
 
 ■EoTrecado J>aiiS200,berfltS 
 
 SDo Newfloc 
 
 ■EoRie J 
 
 The way from Mofct to Aflracatt, 
 %0 Coftrom 
 'HoNifnouogrod 
 SoCazan 
 So AftracaninalliS |28oo,berff5 
 
 The way from Kologbda to Narue. 
 So Belozerco 
 SoBatag 
 SoWitergea 
 SoLadiski 
 Co Onega lake 
 SoOher 
 SO Narue 
 
 5§)outbbaeflami jiSojt&eaff \ 77o.bcrais 
 
 Togo with a [mall boat within the land from 
 S.NkhohstoWardkoitfi. 
 
 So Newnox rtuer 
 SoOufcaGouba 
 So Lobfhanga 
 SoOuftNauelocki 
 So Otiouanos 
 
 m % so 
 
 140 
 
 8b 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 
 po 
 
 180 
 
 
 i 
 
3*4 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, TttHances of places. 
 
 CoSo;ufcai!iJttmalrerie« ! To Wardhoule^ 
 Co Candelox pn all 8oo.vcrfts 
 
 
 r Co Velcom 
 
 
 CoSoyaua ^OlltiS z^o^^erOtf 
 
 CoOullColla 
 
 Northwcft and 
 
 
 CoCouIa 
 
 
 CoZhemaker 
 
 Southeaft, 
 
 
 Co Ncndcga 
 
 
 Co Poganna Volocki 
 
 
 
 Co Lampas 
 
 
 Co Chib: Nauolockc 
 
 
 
 Co Sloboda 
 
 
 CoKegor 
 
 >< 
 
 The way to Vr onto from tMextmike 
 
 ThewayfromColmogroto (JUi^evtike 
 
 
 Sloboda„mhere theLoJh hides. 
 
 Sloboda, where the Savmeds keep 
 
 
 aregotten. 
 
 their Mart. 
 
 
 Co Lampas "J 31 is 1 1 ? , berSs 
 
 CoVftPinnego -j 
 Co Palango 
 
 
 CoPogorel L jftojtbeaflaiui 
 
 
 CoZapollc €>0«bU)eff, 
 
 Co Leuuona | 
 
 
 
 ^CoVrorao J 
 
 
 fetiirijctm f0| 
 3,moucijjs, 
 
 ^t CngTitb* 
 men in mas 
 *ingofcabl£0, 
 fetonteioiltta 
 loo.nunm 
 SKuffm. 
 
 feotnoim trer, 
 excellent foj 
 tttrcHrc oftiJB 
 Vooltt, 
 
 The way and diftances from Saint Nicholas, 
 
 to the Cafpian Sea. 
 
 If pougoe flfratofljt from <§>atnt Nicholas to the Cafpian <§>ea, poumutf goeto Vologhda bp 
 toatcr,as Up tbe eaGettpatrage, anu that is accomplilheo, palling Dap ano ntgljt,m foureteene 
 6apesaniifouretcenemgljts!,mboate0cutoMofatt:ee:(tljeboateiSarccaUeD &>troogs) i ioo, 
 berflsicis, 
 
 ^pbojfeanofleDSm8.DapespoumappalIeitinaftUnter. 31n Summer the toap 10 oange« 
 rows lip mcancs of marines ano bogs,ano not fafelp thai tobepafleb. Chen from Vologhda to 
 Ycrailauc.i 8o.bertts ouerlanb, Chi* YerailaucCanBtthtopontheriuer Of Volga, i8o,beifls 
 31 fap ctflant from Vologhd a. 
 
 CotljeCafpianfeaare 27oo,berfl0ft&ttt Yeraflauc. 
 
 feo from ^.Nicholas to the Cafpian fea,«re 1 3 8oo,8o.berff s, 
 
 Cbetoumepfrom^. Nicholas to YcrailaueisaccompufijeDinfoureCfeHebapes bp toater, 
 ano ttoo napes bp lano. \ 1 6\oapes. 
 
 jfrom thence to Aftracan men tranell bp toater in 3 o, capes ano 3 o.nights. 
 
 <§>obcttoeen<§>,Nicholas and the Cafpian fea.are \ 4<5,oapeBiournep. 
 
 Cbere patfe ootone Volga euerp Spummer, joo,boats great t fmal, from all the upper parts 
 of thetitier } tobereof fomebe of 50o,tunne,Cbep gofo? SgJinerall fait ano fo? Sturgeon. 
 
 Clje fait lieth in recto (ano is tohttiftj reo.anD in finefano) as it toere 3 o.mtles from Aftracan 
 totoaro the Cafpian feaCfjcp big it tljemfelues ano pap noting foj it, but to the pjiiitt a petrp a 
 pooD,viz.4o,pounD toaigbf. 
 
 Clje Sturgeon tohich thep call Ocetera is taften Bftie miles on this fioe Aftracan. SUong tfje 
 r iucr the fpace of 2 o.mtleS.thcp make their booties in platne grounds, e? fiflj fo ? tbc fpace oftfjjee 
 monetljs, viz. from tljeenoof^ap till the cnoofaugu^anobauingfalttljepbfe to fait them. 
 
 Clje riucr is there 5.0 j <5.miles b?oao,but tottb fame Jflanos. 
 
 Che rittcr beloto Yeraflaue,tohere it is mott naroto,is a mile u?oao from Boe to Boe. 
 
 Cljeriuer runneth bponreo clap,all toiod? of birch and ofce on tberiu« foes, faueaboutthe 
 totones of the fifbing places. 
 
 Dwina from ^.Nicholas to Vftiug runneth all on cfjalfceano fans : the ftflj areftoccte a- fat, 
 Clje Mcne a Bib toith a great beao a foot long bjeeoeth about Vologda.ano is fat ano Delicate. 
 
 ■^ettoeen VobskoanoNouogrod/tljefpaceofan i8o,milcs,grotoetb flare : the tohole foil? 
 in length is fo imploieo,aira as much in hjeadtb : this is upon a flat fotlr, 
 
 Che hempe grotoeth about Smolensko bpon the jpoIiCFj bojoer,3 oo.mileS incompatfomucfj 
 of the forte is fo imploieo. 
 
 ©f this hempe thep b?ing in 22liater to Vologda ano Colmogro, anb toe fet in toojfee in ma* 
 feing of cables aboue ioo.men. 
 
 Che Eufftans bo fpin ano harijell «, ano the <£ngli(b tarre it in th?et ami lap the cable, 9na 
 one cable of thofe is tooojth ttoo of Dan?ick, becaufe the Danjictos put in olo cable ano rotten 
 flufFc,tohich in fotole toeather is founo of no ttrengtb. 
 
 Sofnoua.atreethatcureththetoolfetoithtbclhauingBofthetoooo, grotoeth itt tbtfe parts, 
 ano of the barbs thep mafee ropes as btg as a mans atme foi their boats. 
 
 CbeSamoeds Jacking lirtncn mafee ^nbkrcljiefsanbtotoels of the berptooooof this tree. 
 
 Che 
 
Sowtham and Sparky Traffiques,& Difcoueries. 
 
 i® 
 
 ©Oe too ob of tljis tree is as Ijeattte as ^ollte,ant) tUe Giauimjs totte.1) . 
 
 Rofe aflano in §>. Nicholas TSait is full of Eofcs oamaffce ano reo.of Diolcfjs ami Mo Kofc* 
 marie: &bts 5Iflantii3neere7.o? 8,mtlcgabouc,anogooDpafiure,mtohath the name oftljerofcs. 
 
 Z>l)C fnoto here about tb enroll of 3g)ap isrieareo,bautngbin ttoo tttonetbstnmeltin&tfeenthe 
 grouiiD is m.iuf o?p toitijin i4,oapcs after,amj then tbe graffe is knee high tottbin a moneth, %il 
 after September tbe frott commeth in,the fnoto is a pro oeepe bponplaine greuno.&he Jflanrj 
 bath Jf irre ano 3i5trcb,auo a faire fretT) fp?ing were tbe boufc built there bp the (Engliuj, 
 
 The way difcouered by water by vs Tliomas Southam & hhn Sparke, 
 fiom the towne ofColmogro, by the Weft erne bottome of the Bale ofs. Nicholas, 
 vntoihecitieotNouogrodinRuflia, containing many particulars of the way, anddi- 
 ftanceofmiles,ashereafcerfoloweth. nAnno i f66. 
 
 vaggg^ty 'gg* ® neparteo from Colmogro about i o, oftbeclockeafojcnooneiua loofao? 
 , TSarkctohicb toe bireo to tying US along the toafl to a place calico Soroka, $ 
 in tbe fapo barke toe hires 6,marmers, ano a bop to conouct bs to the place be« 
 fejerebearfeo* 
 
 ?£beLoDiao? barke toasoftheburDeiiof25,tunneso)tbereabout, tobere s 
 toitbtoebaleobotonetrjertuerofDwinajthetomoebeingtbcncalme, unto a 
 monaff ert'e calico ^>. Michael tobere toetoere conflcaineo to ankerbecattfeof a contrarp toino 
 tohtehtbctemetbs. 
 
 jfromColmogroto tbismonatteric are jo.berfljso^rateitfi&ttflta, attotjicbplace toerari* 
 co till tbe 2 1 ,oap in the moving ,ano then baiting the toino fometoljat faire, toe fct faile ano oe= 
 jiarteo thence, 
 
 ai caieoepartcofromtbemoua(rcrieof&,Michael4jsumgtrjetotnor0mtorjatfatre,anoarrt= 
 ueo at Rofe 31flano,oucr ano againtt the monatt erie of ^.Nicholasjthe 2 j.oap at 2.of tbeclocke 
 mt[jemommg,tobubis 3 smttlcsoiftantfromtbemonallericof !% f MichaeI. 15preaConofcon« 
 trarp toino ano tioe toe toere conttraineo to carp there all that cap. 
 2 j SOeoeparteofrom the nionaflerie of igj.Nkholas at 7,of ttjc clockc in the cttenitigj came 
 to an anker attbcT5cacons,$continueotfrerebntilhalfeanbourcpaft 10, of the do else, anmbett 
 fet from tbcnce.the toino being <g>otttb:our courfetoas cKHeaomil 5, of the clock in trjemoming, 
 tohenastoccamcto anankeragaittttNewnoxtotone,toljeretoecontintteobntilthc 2j,oap, 
 
 •Che fapo totone of Newnoxisfromtbemonatlerteof S>,Nicholas 3 5,miles, 
 25 CSeDepartcDfroNewnoxhaumatoneoftheclDckeintljeafteritooite^etoinOat^eutlj 
 ano !§>outl)eaa,ano our cowrfe jftojtbtoefi anobp dfteff, 
 
 ©hepotntof Tolftick tobtcb is thcbcaolanobeftyetheentranccof Newnoxbauen, ano the 
 beaolanD of Seufemski lie nert !§>outbeattano bp'twutb, 33ojtbtoeSano bp jftojtfj. Z Slccame 
 to an anker tberctbis oap at 4.of the clock in $ afternoone,bctngfromNewnoxbauen 1 5.mtles, 
 toljere toe contintteo in harbour ttltl)C27,oap of the moueth.bpreafonof contrarp toinog, 
 27 SffleoepartcBfromSeufemskiintljemomingatj.ofthecfockejtljetoinonertatCallanij 
 bp j|2o?th,ano our courfe .^oitbtoelt ano bp 2£iett. 
 
 t£he faiolanoof Seufemski 5 the heaolano goingintoOwnariucr liefh Caff anobp itjotttf), 
 toefl anobp jftojth, anobettoeenthemts 2<,miles. 
 
 Chis oap at !%>unne fet toe came to an Jflano calico Sogifney pairing bcttoirt it $ the matne, 
 toitbtbe toino at &outb ano bp €ntt,cm courfetoas aBefl ano bp &otttb,being 85, miles from 
 Ownariuer. 
 
 TSeing patt tfjc fat'o aflano 1 o.mile3,thc toino came contrarp, toberettpsn toe mtirnco to tlje 
 3I(lano of Sogifney ,tohere toe remaineo bnttl the 29.oap. 
 
 29 'Che 29.OAP toe Departeo from Sogifney afojefapo,at y .of the clockc in the afcemoorte, the 
 toino at Calf no jtheaS,t our courfe toas g>outbtoeft f bp toeft, palling bp an Jflano calleo An- 
 ger,betng jo.miles from Sogifney, ano keeping on our courfe, toecamebptbeheaDlanoof m 
 aftano calico Abdon.bringfromtheJlflanoof Anger 1 y.miles, tobere toe tbunDmanp rocks: 
 anoifthegreatp?ou!Denceof©oobaonotpjeferueDbs, toceljao there periOjeo, being fallen a= 
 mangfhbem in tlje night time,ano our pilot none of the pcrfectcfl.tohicijtoas contrarp to Ijis p?o* 
 fetuonastoefounoit. 
 
 ■Buttohofoeuer toilltrauell that toap mutt cither keepc hare aboojo the (bojc.foj tl;at there is 
 a cbanell tohiclj goeth along tlje coatl tottbtn the rocks,oj els giue the beaslano a birtl) of 6\milcs 
 attheleaU, anDfogoeafcaboomall : toj there are leoges of rocks that lie Rue miles from the 
 heaoiano. 
 
 iHSXt gauwbe Ijeaolano a birtrj of 3 .miles 3 twttoitl)ttanotng therelap (too rockes ttoo miles to 
 
 *!?& i Us 
 
 trtiebrrcripi 
 
 nnn ofRoie 
 
 fflbctflistiili 
 3.qu«trrsof 
 an ninJiQ) 
 mile. 
 
 it t tftis totalis 
 
 Kicbard Chan. 
 celterilt his fitlB 
 
 l)cnagc,U)ic!t 
 l;i» rouipAiue 
 elriipboAtb 
 juris rskract).' 
 
7,66 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Southam andSparl^ 
 
 fcitignft 
 
 "CTcriiiet 
 ©Ungrt, 
 
 feaboozo of ioss,fo tbat toe toere inclofeo toitb tbem,anD fate bpon tlje bigbed of tbem: but it pie* 
 fen (Sou to make it calme,anD giue bs rijeoap alfo,oj cfs toe bab mifcarieo* 
 3 o <!Ue Dcparteofrom tbe IjeaDlanD of tbe 31flanD of Abdon,at 4,of tlje clocke in tljf mejning, 
 Directing out courfe (KKed,anD at i o,of tbe clocke befojenoone, toearriucDatamonaderie na* 
 men Solofky, tobicb ts 1 5. miles from Abdon. 
 
 3t tbis monaderte toe cominucD tottilltbe 3 i,oap of tljis monetb. Site bao Ijere DeliuereD bs 
 bp the c&tefe monkes of tbe monad erte,tbeir letter anD boufe feale^ano a feruant of tljeirs to con« 
 Duct ds Cafelp tbzougb the Dangerous riuer of Owiga. 
 
 ^tbepeople of all tbofe parts are tortD.anb fpeake anotbet kino of language,? are foj the mod 
 part all tenants to tlje monaderie^be effect of tbe letter toas, tbat tljep (boulD be reaDp to belpc 
 ano affift bs in all Dangerous places, ano carle out boats ano gooDs ouer lanD in places netDfull, 
 as in oeeo tbepoiD,as bereafter (ball appeare. 
 
 Jj3ote,tbat atour being at tbemonaderic,tbere toas no abbot foj tlje place astljen cijofen ; fo? 
 1 5 japes before our arriual tljere,tbe abbot toas fent f 2 bp tlje Cmperour,anD maoe Spetropo* 
 litaneoftbcrcalnic.asljcnotois * %i>e number of monies belonging to tbe monafterie are at 
 tlje lead 200, 
 
 31 (KttceDcparteDfromtbemonafrecieof Solofky, as is afo?efapDe, toa faireflone Ijoufe of 
 tbeirs,toljitb is y.milesfrom tlje monaderie,Iping from it &outb ano bp QBeft . 
 1 GLle DepattcD from tbe fetone Ijoufe at s«oftbe clocke in tbe moming:otir courfe toas ElJsfi 
 fo? 60 ♦Berds.anD tljen pairing bettoirt Diuers ano funojp rocks,toitb manp fmall afianbs rounD 
 about bs fo? tbe fpace of 2G«miles,keeping mod commonlp tbe fame courfe dill, toe tben ujapeo 
 a neto courfe,anD pet funo jp times ujifting.but toe altoapcs kept tbe <§>outbtoed, anD neercd of 
 all £a>outljfottthtoed,bntiItoe came tottbinttoo miles of tbe entrance of tbe riuer Owiga,tobere 
 toe toere to beare in,SUed rniD bp jl2o jtb. 
 
 jr"rom tlje riuec O wiga,to tlje adanos ano rocks befo je mentioneD,are 2o.miles. 
 
 ZSXi arriueo about 4.of tbe clocke in tlje after noone toitbin ttje rittet of O wiga,at a place na» 
 meDSoroka.attobicbplacetoefo^foofteourbatkeo? iooia, 9 continueD tbere inmakingpzoui* 
 fionfojfmall boates to carieus bptljc riuer bntill tbe 3»bapof tlje fame* 
 3 i&XJe oeparteo from Soroka at ttoo of tbe clocke in tbe afternoone,toitlj 3 .boats mid i 2, men 
 to rotoe,ana fet tlje fojefate boates bp tlje riuer of O wiga,tobicb toe bireD* 
 
 SUe toeitt tljis Dap 7.miles to a place calleD O ftroue.tobere toe lap all nigbcuut in tlje toap 4* 
 miles from Soroka,at a place tobere tlje toaterfalletij from tbe rocks, as if it came deepe Dotone 
 from a mountain,toe toere conttraineD to take out our gooos anD toares out of tbe faio boats, anD 
 caufeD tljcm to be catieD a mil* ouer lano,anD aftertoaros alto IjaD our boates in like fozt carieD 0; 
 D jatoen ouer lanD bp fezce of men tobicb tbere DtoelleD,bcing tenants to tbe monaderie afojefaiD. 
 
 ano totjen our boats toere come to tye place toljere our toares toerelaiD,toe Iancljco our boats 
 ano laoeo ourtoares againe,anD went to tlje place befo je name.D,totjere toe continueD anD remat-- 
 neDtbatnigbt. 
 
 JLUeDeparceDfromOflroueintbe morning befozx^unnertGngrrotoinganDfetting bp t&e 
 riuer 5 ♦miles, tobere toe came to a place toljereas toe toere againecondraineo to takeout our 
 toarcs,snD to carictljem ano our boats tlj?ee miles ouerlanD, fo tbat toitljrotomg.o zatoing anD 
 fetting,toe toent tbis bap 7.milts mo je to a place calico S loboday,tobere toe lap all night, 
 
 5 32le DeparteD from Sloboday in tlje morning at g>unnerifing,anD at Ore of tlje clocke in tbe 
 aftemoone,toe came to abillagecalleo Paranda,toljtcb is from Sloboday 3 o,miles, tobere toee 
 tcmaincD all tbat ntgfjt. 
 
 6 5Be DeparteD from Paranda at ^,of tke clocke in tlje mo jning,ano all tbat Bap tobat toitb fef« 
 ting ano Djatoing our boats,toe toent but 1 i,miles,fo? toe ttoife bnlaoeo our toares, $D?eto cue 
 boats oucrlanD,in one place a mile $ anljalfe,in anotber place as it toere tbe ctgljt part of a mile, 
 anD fo toe crnie to a place called Voycts.tobere toe tatteo all tbat nigbt. 
 
 7 We DepatteD from Voyets at 4.of tlje clocke in tlje morning,? fo came to an Ozera 0? lake, 
 calleD after tlje name of tlje riuer,? bnto aplace calleD Qjucquenich,toee rotoeo all tbis Dap, ana 
 came tljitber bp one of tbe clock in tbe afternoone.tobiclj is 2 j.miles from Voyets, ano tbere toe 
 remaineo allniajljt to \)in men anD boats to catfe bs foztoarD on our iournep. 
 
 il)ere Departed backe from bs tbe feruant tobicb toe bao at tbe 9ponaderie, being fencbp tbe 
 monkes to go thus far toitb b2.9no after tbat be bao bireD tlje boats ano taken tbe irons names 
 tljat fljoulo conouct us,? giuen tbem cbarge to oeliuer bs toitb all tbings in fafetie, at a place be« 
 ingalitlc to tone calleD Pouenfa, tben bee DeparteD from bstoitljout taking anpretoatDfo? bis 
 paincs,foj fo be toas cbargeo ano commauDeD bp tbe monkes. 
 
 8 CiHe DeparteD from Quequenich at funne rtfing,? alltljat twprotocobpoii tlje lakeamongd 
 
 manp 
 
 tiacu 
 
Sowtbarn and SparJ^. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 1*7 
 
 1 
 
 manp HflanDS, €be inhabitants Doe there repojt that the re are a? many jiianDs in their lake, as 
 there ate capes in the peerc. 3in the euening toe came to a tillage name&TclIckina. > tohich is 6o, 
 
 mileS from Quequenich. 
 
 9 Wit Departed from Tdlekina in tije mojning at j.of the cfocke,aitD fo entringtato a riucr,toe 
 toent that Dap i 3 .miles. 31n oneplace toe carieb our boates am? gooos ouerlano 3,miles.3t cue* 
 ning toe came to a place calico Oreiche aa maelay, tohere toe lap all night, 
 j o ZWitt oepatteD thence at j.of the clocke in the moaning, ano fo rotoing, came to a place tohere 
 tberuter euDeo,being lo.mtlcs Diftant fremtheplace tohere toee lap all night.attobich place toee 
 fo?fooke our boates ano bnlaoeD our toares, aim fentamantothe totoncof Pouenfa,tohicbtoa8 
 feucn mile off,fo? ho jfes to carp bs ano our toares to the faiDpIaccdje ho jfes came,ano toe laden 
 our gooDS,ano at tire of the clocks in the afternoone toee arriueD at the totone of Pouenfa, toith all 
 things in fafc tie. 
 
 ®his toujne of Pouenfa CanDeth toithin one mile of the famous lake o?Ozera of Onega, 
 tohicb is 3 2o.miles Iong,'am> in fome places 70 .miles ouer. Kut tobere it is narrotoett it is 25, 
 miles otter,bcing feo toicb manp gooolp riuers tobich fall into it, ^arb aboojD the Iboje toithin 6. 
 miles.pou fijall baue 4o.anD l 4 ^fathoms of Depth. 
 
 pi re it is to tiee noteo that ftom this place of Pouenfa bntothebillage of Soroka Dotone thofe 
 Dangerous riuerStohich toee came through, at no timeoftljepeerecan 0) mapanpman carp oj 
 tranfpojt anp gooos that come from Nouogtod, 0} the Name, anD fuch other places: foj in the 
 j&ommer it is tmpof&ble to carp Dotone anp toares bp reafon of tlje great fals of toatcr that Doe 
 uefceno from the rockes, Liketoifc in the Winter bp reafonof tlje great fojee anD fall of toacerss 
 tobiebmakefo terrible raifes , that in thofe places it neuerfree?etb, but all fuch toares as come 
 fromNoaogrod to Pouenfa.are tranfpojteo bplano to aplace calleD Some in the iKBinter,tobicl> 
 Some Canneth on the fca GDc,as Doth Soroka. '©be reaop toap from Pouenfa bplano to tljts place 
 ofSome,toith the Difiance of miles J toillftjeto hereafter, 
 
 12 ffitJc oeparteD from Pouenfa at p,of tlje clocke in the morning, toith 2,fmal boats tobich toe 
 bircD to carp bs to a place calleoToluobpon the lake of Onega, being jo.miles from Pouenfa, 
 inhere toe arriuto the 1 3 .Dap in the morning, tohere toee bought a boate that caricb bs ano all otic 
 toares from thence to the Citie of Nouogrod. 
 
 14 £5Je DeparteD from Toluo at 3 .of tlje clock in tlje afternoene,aiiD at the euening arciueo at 
 a rertaine 3flanD nameD Salafalmajbpon the faiD lake 7,miles from Toluo,anD bp reafon ofcou* 
 trarptoinDcs toe there tarieDbntill the itf.oap of this moneth, 
 
 \6 ZZXz oeparteD from Salafalma, at 8,of tlje clocke in the moming,anD came to an31(IanD the 
 1 7,oap in the mo?ning,nameD Vorronia.toherc toee continueD bp reafon of contrarp toinDS,btuill 
 tlje 21 .Dap of tlje faiD moneth, ano it is 6o,miIes from Salafalma. 
 
 21 ©Be oeparteD from Vorronia aflano ttoo houreS before Dap, ano arriueD at S.Clements 
 SponalIerieat2,of the clocketntbeafternoone,being from Vorronia48.miles, 
 
 22 ifiHe oeparteD from S.Clements aponaffcrie at the b?eake of the Dap,hauing a faire toinD all 
 along tlje lake: toe faileD toithout flriking of faile bntil ttoo hourestoithm nigbt,atD then entrea 
 tntoa rtuer calleD S wke,at a sj&onatterie calleo Vofneffino Chrifto,6ue miles from tlje entrance 
 of the riuer,tofaere toe tatieo al night.at is from S. Clements Sponalierp 1 <5o,miIes: the ttreame 
 of that rmer toent toith bs. 
 
 2 j 223ee DeparteD from Vofneflino Chrifto before Murine riling, ano baleo Dotone tlje riutc 
 fomctimc failing, anD fometime rotoing, fo tljat tljis Dap toee toent po.miles ano lap at night at a 
 place caltoVaflian. 
 
 24 SOeeoeparteofromVaffianattbebjeakeof the Bap, anD came to aplace calico |Selucax, 
 tohere toe lap all night, anD is 1 o.milcs from Vafiian, 
 
 2 j &Ue oeparteD from Selucaxe at 4,of tlje clocke in t(je mo?ning,ano entreD bpon the lake of 
 Ladiskaie,tbe totnoc being calme al that Dap fatting ? ,ljnures,anD then it toas totttj bs,fo that toe 
 TatlcD ano rotoeb that Dap 1 o.miles,along bpon the faiD lake,ano cntreo into thertuer of Volhuf- 
 ki, tohich riucr banj his beginning 2 o, miles aboue Nouogrod, ano runneth tb?ottgb the miaft of 
 the Citie,ano fo falleth into this lake, toljiclj is farre longer then thelake of Onega , but it is not 
 fo bjoaDXhts lakcfallctlj into the fea that commethfrom tlje Sound: toljere anp beiTel 0} boat,ha- 
 uingagooDpilot,niiipgoeth?ougljthe Sound into England. 
 
 3s foonc as toe toerc entreo into tlje riuer,toe came to a Jponaderie calleD S.Nicholas Medu- 
 ed,tol)cre toe lap all tljat night. 
 
 26 face DepartcDTromS. Nicholas Medued.at Sue of the clocke in themojning^otoingann 
 D?atoing our boates all Dap, anD came at night to another sponatrerie calleD Gofnopoli,toljich is 
 
 3 o.milts from S.Nicholas Medued,toljere toe lap all that mg&k 
 
 27 etlte 
 
 ?& utit berp 
 fiilofJQiU**, 
 
 ■■lt\t famous 
 laheofOncg*. 
 
 S.Clement ftia 
 
 5©l,SermsiC. 
 
 €(ietitictof 
 
 Volhusti. 
 Cerlflheof 
 
 Lsdcskai. 
 
 Cffe Spojiirtk« 
 poli. 
 

 3<*8 
 
 Nouogrod. 
 
 ^Traiiel 6p 
 
 2000.§ilESa 
 
 belonging to 
 onctorunc. 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, Southam and SparJ^ 
 
 27 <H3e oepartco from Gofnopoli at 6.of tljecloche in tbe mo?mng, anoateuemngcametoa 
 place calico Moiflaue,toijerc toe lap all ntgbt,betng46,mtles from the Sponafferie of Gofnopoli. 
 
 28 Wit tepartco from Moiflaue,am> tlje faioe oap at night came to a place calltti Gruffina,3 5, 
 mile? from Moiflauc toljere toe loogeo. 
 
 19 e^eeDepartcoftomGruffinaintbemoming, ano tlje fame oap at euem'ngcame (0 aplace 
 calleo Petroe Suctoc,tol)crc toe lap all nigbt,being 4o.,miles from Gruflma. 
 30 Site DeparteDftomPecroeSuetoe inthemoming.anoatttoooftheclockintbeafternoone 
 toe arriuen at tbeCttie of Nouogrod,being ttoentie milcg fromPctroc Suecoe. l^ere toefotinij 
 William Rowlie agent to tlje companj>,toljo toas tljere flapeo toitlj all ytg conipanp, ano toasnoc 
 licencen to oepart tljence foj tbe Mofco,bp reafontbat tfje plague toas then in tlje Cttte of Nouo. 
 gtod. &nto Ijim toe oeliuereo all tbe toares tbat toee bjougljt from Colmogro, foj bp tlje toap 
 toe folo not apenptoo$j,tbc people of tbe countrep euerp toljere be fo mitcraule. 
 
 •Clje ugfcc toap to b?ing ano tranfpojt toares from Nouogrod to Rofc 3Hano into S.Ni- 
 cholasbap,toheceout &btps pecrelp lane, toitlj tfje otttatice of miles from place to placed as 
 follotoetlj : 
 
 20 gpt'Ies from Nouogrod to Petroe Suctoc. 
 
 Spiles from tljence to Grufina. 
 
 Spiles from tljence to Moiflauc. 
 
 Smiles from thence to tbe Sponafferie Gofnopoli. 
 
 Spiles from tljence to Ladega totone. 
 
 Spiles from tljence to Selunaz oucr tbe lake of Ladega, albeit tjjerc be manp tillages all 
 
 along tlje lake. 
 180 Spiles from Ladega totone op ttiertuer of Swire, bncotbeSp^jnafferieofVofneffino 
 
 Chrifto,fiIbeit tljere are manp tillages bpon the rtuer: foj toitbin euerp flue 0? Gjte miles 
 
 pott fljall baue tillages 0} fmall totones, 
 100 Spiles from Vofneflino Chrifto to S. Clements SponaHerp, albeit tljere bemanptilfop 
 
 ges all along tlje lake of Onega. 
 
 spiles from tfjence to Voronia. 
 
 spiles from tljrnce to Toluo cotone:ano there are otuers tillages al along the lake tohere 
 
 tlje carriers map lie, ano fjaue meate fo? man ano Ijojfe, 
 
 Spiles frotmbence to Pouenfa, toljere Onega lake enoeth, 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 46 
 
 »5 
 
 48 
 67 
 
 5° 
 
 The way from Touenfa to Some towne is this: 
 
 30 
 10 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 Spiles from PouenfatoMaftelina.^ <• 20 spilcSftom thmceteVarnich. 
 
 Spiles fromtbence to Tellekina. / 3 10 spiles front tbence to Oftrouo. 
 
 Spiles from tbence to Tolukh, r" ) ly Spiles from tljence to Lapina* 
 
 Spiles from tljence to Carraich. 3 C 20 Spiles from tljence to Some it felfe. 
 
 Jftote , tljat from tlje £ttie of Nouogrod onto tlje totone of Some is 93 6% miles, ano from tfje 
 totone of Some vnto tljeSponaOerteof S.NicholasojRofe aflano, oueranoagaiittttobereout 
 g>btps oo noe , is tuff as manp miles as isSoroka tillage from S.Nicholas, as tfce Ruffes Jjoeac 
 comptit,as alfo toe 00 iuogeit.namelp 3 1 y.miles.&o tljat from Nouogrod jo S.NichoIas roan, 
 is bp our accompt 1 2 6 1 .miles a} berffs. 
 
 jFuttljermojeit is to be noteo tljat all fuel) toares as than be bought at Nouogrod, ano fent to 
 Some totone, mutt be fent bp fleo toep in tlje aBinter: fo? if am> toare fljoulo be fent from Nouo- 
 grod bp toater in tbe fpjing of the peere after tbepce is gone, tljen mutt tlje faio toares mrtaine at 
 Pouenfa totone al tljat §>ummcr,bp reafon tljat intlje Summer ttjere is no toap to got from Po- 
 uenfa tmto Some totone. 
 
 St Pouenfa tljere are manp toareljoufes to be bfreo.fo tljat if tljere toere as mudj gooes as ten 
 Ojius cotilo carp atoap, pou might baue toareboufes to put it in : but if tbere ujoulo rcmatne mutfi 
 toare all tlje hammer, to be carico in tlje QKtnter to Some totone,tben Ijo^fes arenot eaBlp to be 
 gotten at tbat place to carp it thitbcrifo tljat pour toares once bsugljt at Nouogrod,pou muttbaue 
 carters tljere to carp it to tbe totone of Some bp S>lcos,toljereof poumap tljere baue 2ooo,if pott 
 totll.vip tlje report of tbe Ruffes. 
 
 Sfa} from Nouogrod pcrelp rbere gomanpS)IeoSintbeS3tntertofetcbcfaltfromSome, 
 tottlj carriers ano emptte ^leos tljere to bup it, ato to bjing it to Nouogrod to fell it in tbe mar* 
 fcetojotljertoife, 
 
 jfromNouogrod onto Some totonepoumapljaue a pooo of toares carrieo fojeigbtpenteo? 
 nine pence : but in anp toifc pour toares muft bee fent ftom Nouogrod bp tfje Gtt of 3lAmtarp ,fo 
 
 tjjat 
 
TheQueems ABe. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 369 
 
 tbattljC maces map bee at Some bp Canblemas,or foone after : for if pour toares ihoulo c.itp bp 
 thetoapbntilltlje i?,of tfebruarptohcntljeSunneisoffcmepotoer,thcnisitbfingrrcus : for 
 tl)e Ijeate ofttje Stmne in tlje bap caufetlj tlje beepe lakes of Ladega, anb fpcttallp tf Onega to « goot> ramai 
 cleaue:anb if tljrre ujoulb come then a fubben tbato,as oftentimes in tljat time of tlje peece boetb, JS,„"f ontt " 
 tljctt boe thefe lakes! open anb b?eake,toberebp manp men arc ioU, anb both men anb bojfe broto* 
 neb.altljougb otber niters oo rcmaine frozen a long; time after, 
 
 jn tlje tctoneof Some alfo tbere are manp toareboufes, luljeieof toe cannot be ocflitttte for tlje 
 repoGng of our toares, as alfo as manp barkes a0 pou toil to tranfpojc pour toares from tljrnce to 
 S.Nicholas roao, ano that for tlj?ee pence a poobscarpagc:fo that from tljeCttte of Nouogrod 
 bnto S.Nicholas roab pou map Ijaue toares caricb foi ttoo altines, %\jz pooo commeth bnto 2 3 . 
 alcincgtljetunnr, 
 
 l&outDeb altoapes.that pou bttp pour toares there pour fetfe,anb fenb it tbencc: for there is no NoU ogrod 
 Ijopctbat thenatiues toill tying their toares from Nouogrod to Some,inbopc to fellbnto bs,con- lu " t "" l8c * 
 ftoering the great eraoe that thep Ijaue at the Narue.tohich is toitbin 1 8o.miles off them, SUE ' !br 
 
 Written by Thomas Soutbam a feruant 
 to the company. 
 
 An Act for the corporation of Merchants aducnturers for the difl 
 couering of new trades, made in the eight yeere of Queene Elizabeth. 
 
 Anno I 5 66. 
 
 3J l{)ereas biuers bcrp goob Subiects oftljts Eealme of Cnglano in the latter 
 ^ I cnbe of tbe reigne of tlje late right high anb mightie prince our Soumigne 
 JLojd king Edward the firt, at tbe gracious incouragt ment, anb right goon 
 likingof tlje faib king, anb bpJjisSpaieflicsliberallcramplejbioattheirab* 
 uenture,am> to their ercecoing great cbarges.for the glorp of vSoo^tlje bono? 
 ano tncreafe of the rettenues of the Crotone, anb tbe common btilitie of tbe 
 toljole Kealme of Cnglanb, fet fo?th tbjee (hips for the bifcouerp bp Sea,of 
 Sfle8,lanD0,territorics,bominions,anb Seigniories bnknotoen, anb bp the Subtexts of the fapo 
 late king not commonlp bp feasfrequenteb: anb after that aimightie (Sob Ijabralleb to bis mer* 
 cie tbe fato king.toljo oieb before the 6ni(ljtnganb fealingof bis moil ample anb gracitus letters of 
 pnuilcbges promifeb to tlje faib Subiects,as toel in conSoeratton of the faib enterpnfe,as for bt'- 
 uers otljtr rrfpects it pleafeb our late fouereigne£l,Mary,at tlje humble fuites of tlje fame fub* 
 ietts.tograunt bp fytt letters l|3atentsbnber tlje great Scale of England, beating bate at ScHcfl. 
 mtnffer tlje 2 6,oap of jTebmarp, in t&e feconb peere of Ijer raigne, for tlje conOoer^tions mcntio-- 
 neo in tlje faib letters patents,to the faibe fubiects being fpeciallp nameb in tlje faice letters ]p3> 
 tents,anb to their fucceuojs.tljatthep bp tlje name of Spercbantsabuenturers of England^ tbe 
 Difcouerie of Ianos,territoiic0,31fles 1 bominions,anb Scipioriesbnknotoen.ano not before tljeic 
 late abtienture oj cnterp?ife,bp feas 0? Jftauigations comonlp frequenteb,ujoulo be from thence* 
 forth one boap,anb perpetual felotoujip ano communaltie of ttjcmfelues.botlj in oeeo ano in name, 
 anb that tlje fame felotoujip ano communaltie from tljenceforth ujoulb anb might baue one or ttoo 
 gottcnours,fourc UEonfuls.ano 24,au"tCants,of tbe faib felotofljip anb comminaltieof sperchants 
 abuemurers,anb tljat tbcp bp tlje name of the ©ouernour,€onfuls,amffants,fetotoujip,ano com= 
 
 minaltie of Merchants abuenturers, foj tlje bifcouerp of lanos, terrttojies, ailleBjbominions^nti 
 Seigniories bnknotoen,bp tbe feas anb jftauigations.anb not befo?e their faib late abuenture 01 
 enterpjtfe,bp SeasfrequcnteB,u)oulB or migljt be able in tbe latoe to impleab anb to bee implea* 
 beo,top.nftoereanbtobeanftoereo, to befeno ano to bebefenoeb, before toljatfoeuerjuoge 0? 
 3Iuftice tempopll 0? fpiritual,oi other perfons tobatfoeuer.in tobatfoeuer court 0? courts,ano in 
 allactions^caljpecfonaljanbmirt^nbineuerpoftljemianoinallplaintBofNoueldereifon.anD 
 alfo in all plaints,futes,quarrels,affaires, buGncu"e,anb bemaunbS tobatfoeucr tbep be.touc^inj 
 anb concerning tlje faib felotoujip anb comminaltie,anb tlje affaires anb bufinctTe of tlje fame,onIp 
 in as ample maner anb fo?me,as anp otber corporation oftljts Kealme migljt boe, giuing alfo, ana 
 granting bnto them bp tlje faib letters 19atents,biuers autho?ities,potoers,iurifDirtions, prclje* 
 mincnces,fcancbifcs,ltbertiesanbpriuilecges,asbptl)efamelettetsl^atentsmo?e at large toill 
 appea^e.^tiD among otljer tljings mentionco in tlje faio letters Patents,tobereas one of the ttyee 
 fljipsjbp tlje faio fiilotoujip before tljat time fet foortl) for tbe bopageof bifcouerp afojc faio,namrB 
 the Ed ward Bonauenture , bab arriueb tottbm tlje Cmpire anb bominion of tlje ^tgh anb mi^btie 
 ^?ince lorblohn Vafiliwich, CmperourofallRiifTia.Volodimersky, great buke Of Musky, 
 
 &c to^jo xzttim the Gaptaine anb ^eccbants of the faibe fbippeberp graciouflp,granting bnto 
 
 them 
 
37° 
 
 3I!ji3 is meant 
 bp JCiaernian 
 Bond tilt cIDM. 
 
 CugliOj £9et< 
 r^anis fin oil"' 
 roucrp of iuVu 
 IfrtiiW. 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, 77;e Quecnes Me. 
 
 rljem ftectp to tratftque vmrij bis fubiects in all kmoe of tmrcbanDt^esjbntb outers other gracious 
 jpjuttlcDgeo anD Itberties: therefore the faio late Sluecnc bp the fame letters pateuts,for her bee 
 Metres ana fuccetfors.aia graunt tljat all the maine lanDS, jHes, pe jts, baucns. ) creeks ano titters 
 of cljefaiomigijtp<£mpcrour of allRuffia.anogreatDttfee of Moico,5c.miD all atiB lingular otljec 
 lanDSjmnimonSjterritojieSjJflcSjpjtsJjaueHe.creefes^tuers.armescftljefea^ofalatiocuerp 
 other €mperour,king,p?ince, ruler.oj gcucrner tobatfoeuer he or they br,bcforc tlje faio Iatcao< 
 ucnture or eiiterpjifc not knoiDcn,or bp the aforefaia merchants ano fubiects oftfjc faio king ana 
 Slucenc, bp tl)e feas not commonly frrquentea,nor anp part o? parcell thereof, ano Iping 312o?t> 
 iwarDSj^o jtl)cafiU)ariJ5,o? jftortljbjefrwaros, as in tlje fain letters patents is mentionco, fljoula 
 not bebituea.frcquentea no? bauntea bp anp tlje fubiects oftlje faio late !Uucrne,other then of tlje 
 faio company ano felloniujipjana their furceffors, tuitbout erpr effe licence, agreement,? confent 
 oftlje <Soucrner,Confiils,ano aififlants oftlje faiafelomfbip,anacommuna!tie,o? tb« more part 
 of tbem,in mancr $ formers is erpreffea in tl;e fatoe letters patents,bpon paine of forfeiture anD 
 loffeafto.ell oftlje fljipmioajips,toitljrlje appurtenances, asalfoofihcsoQa0,mfrcbanai5cs,ana 
 things lu!)atfocuertljeybe,oftljofet^efubtccts of tljefaialate£luccne not being of tb^faiorfel-- 
 lotojQjip anb communattie, lubich tboulo attempt o? presume to faile to any of tijofe placcs,tobicl) 
 tbentoercor after fboulo happen to be fount anb traffiqueobnto.tlje one balfe of the fame forfei* 
 cure to be to tlje bfe oftlje fatts late Huccne,ber beires $ fucrcffors.ano rbcotbec (jalfe to be to tlje 
 Dfe of the faiaf clatofbip j communaltic,as tp tbc fame letters pat cuts more plainly mill appeare. 
 feincetljemakingot'tobidjletterspatens, tlje faio felkrtDibtp bauc, to tljcircrcecaing great 
 coftes.Ioffes ano Erpcuces,not onelp bp tljeir tracing into tlje fain Dominions of the fatoe migbtie 
 puttee of Ruflia.fc, founD out conuenicnt toap to failcinto tlje fatoe Dominions: but alfo paffing 
 tljojioln tlje fame,ano oucr tlje Cafpian fea, Ijauc Difcouereo berp commooious trabes into Arme- 
 
 niajMediajHyrcaniajPcrfia, anD Otljer Dominions ill Afia minor,hoptngby ©OD0 grace tODtfco* 
 
 ucr alfo tbc countrey of Cathaia 3 ana otljer regions bery couenient to be traaea into bp merchants 
 oftljisrealiite.fortbegreatbencfiteansromnioDUiesoftbcfamc. 
 
 Sno fo?afmuclj asciuers fubiects of tljisrealme.biwerilanDtngtljepjemffcSjaitDperceittiug 
 tljat noba aftcrtlje charge anDtraueUfo^efaiDjOiuerstoares ana mercljanDtjcsatebjougljt by tlje 
 faioe fellobaftjip into this Kcalme, out of the Dominions alreaop aifcouereD,bbicb bee bJicbiiubtis 
 realme of gooa cmmation.minDing fo j their peculiar game,btterly to Decay the trace of tlje fapDe 
 fcllobflfbip.tjauc contrary to tbc tenor of the fame Iettcrspatents, in great Difojoer traoeo into the 
 Dominions of the faio migbtie pjincc of Ruflia.fc, to the great Detriment of this common bjealttj: 
 ano for that tlje name by tovjiclj ttjefaice fcloiuflju'p ts incojpojatcDby the letters patents afo?e» 
 faio,islong 3 ? conG3ecljofberp many b)o?cs: ^Lbctfore be ttenacteoby tljedueenesmoCcrccl' 
 lent £^aieftie,the Lo ras fptrttual ano temporal,? tlje commons in tljis prcfent parliament affem-- 
 bleDjanDbpauthontieoftljcfamejthattljcfaiofflorcujipjCompanp^oeiety^comojationmaoeo? 
 createo bp the faio letters patrnts.ujal at al time ? times from henceforth be inco?po?ateo,namcD 
 ano calico onelp bp tlje name of the fellotoftjip of £nglifb mercljants.fe? oifcoucrp of neto traces, 
 ano bp the fame name for c uer (ball ano may continue a pcrpetuall booy incorporate in oeeoe ano 
 natw.aiia onelp by the fame name from ljencefortb,Qjallmip:eaa,anD be impleaoeo, anfiuere ana 
 be anfmereo, oefeno ano be Defem?eo,fue ano bee fuca, in iuhatfoeuer courts ano places,anD bjall 
 ano map hv the fain: name bee inablco to purcljafe,haue,ljoloe,poirefre, rctcinc,anD cniop HJljatfo= 
 cuer manorSjlanDes.tenementSjrcntSjreucrBonSjferttices^ hereoitaments not ercecaing a bun* 
 d jeo marks yecrelp,not being Ijoloen of tlje ©ucenes maicCieJjer IjcircSjOr fuccclfo?s by knights 
 fcruice in Capite.ano all gooaSjitterchanoijes, chattels, ana otljer things tobatfectter, ana (ball 
 ana may by the fame name make ana Do all things as any other corporation may ao,ano alfo Qjall 
 featte ana cniop all ana lingular tlje ltberties,p?iutlcages,iutifaict!ons,franchifes,preheniinenccs, 
 pomerSjauthorittes.anD things, ano map Doe ano erccute all other matters ano things in the faya 
 letters patents menttoncD, or in anp tuife contetncD. 9no that no part nor parcell of the maine 
 Ianbs,3ifles 3 ppjts, hauens.roaocSjCreekes, riucrs, armes of tlje feas of anp <£mperour,feing, 
 prtnce.ruler o; gouernor bahatfoeuer he or tljep be,before the faio firff enterpjife maae bp the mec 
 cljants of the faioe corporation, not knouienbp tlje merchants anofubiccts of tljis Kealme,o? by 
 them not commonly by feas frequenteD,ana lying from tlje City of London »3ortijbJarDs,39o?tb» 
 to)efiu)atas,or 33ortheailtuaras,nor anppart or parcel of the maine lanoSjBominions, ifles,ports, 
 roaae s,hattens,creeks,armes of thesS>eaS,tbat nob) be fubiect to the faia high ana migljtie prince 
 Lore Iohn Vafiiiwicfi,bt3 heiresor fucce(Tours,or to tlje iffimperour,cbiefe gotternouror ruler of 
 tlie faio countrp of Rufsia for tlje time being ,bis Ijeircs o? fucreffojs,nor tlje countries of Armenia 
 
 maior 02 minor, Media, Hyrcania, Perfia, or the Cafpian fea, nor anppart of them (ball be failed 
 
 oj traffiqueD bnto^iPteDjfceqacmcDjOr bauuteD by any pcrfon being oj t&at Ibalbe a fubiect or ae« 
 
 nifen 
 
The Queenes ABe. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 37* 
 
 m?en of tbis realme.bp tbemfelueB,tbeir facto? o? facto?s,o? anp otber to tbeir bfe o? cornmonitie , 
 bp anp toapes o? mEanes,nirect!p o? intiircctlp.otljcr tljen bp tbe ojocr 3 agrecment,confent,o? rati* 
 ficationof tbegouernour, Confuls ano alTillantiSoftljefatDefeUoiQ)ajipanDconinunaltte 3 ojtlje 
 more part of tbem , atw tljeit fttcceffoja ft? tbe time being: bpon paine tttat euerp perfon ano pet* 
 ronsoffenomgintbis bebalfe,uran forfeit anb loofe,Ipfo fafto,euerpfucb(bipanbfl)ips,toitbtbe 
 appurtcnances,anc all fuel) goocs,9percbanoi?es,anb tljtngs tobatfoeuer,as bp anp fuel) perfon o? 
 perfbns ujalbe bp anp toapes o ? meancs,birectlp or inBircctlpjProuioeccarieccououctcnjbrougbc 
 o? ercbangeo,in , at, to, tljjougb or from anp of tbe places probujiteo,as fe aforefaiDe,contrarp to 
 tbetruemtentof tbis ttatute: tbe one moitieof all tobiclj forfeitures to bee toourfaio fouereigne 
 Laop tbe Clueenes apaieGie.bcr beires anB fucccdiajs, ann tbe otber moitie tbereof to tfee fapoe 
 fellotofljip of Cnglift Spercbants for oifcouerp of netoe tranes, ano tbeir fucce(To?s, to be fci?eo 
 ano taken tobe^elbeuer tbep map be founo, bp anp perfon o ? perfons.to tbe bfe of our fain g>oue* 
 reigne £anp,ber beires ano fucce(lb?s,ann of tbe fain fcllotofljip of CngUft) merchants forBifco* 
 ucrpofnetoetrabes.anB of tbeir fucccffo?s, ortberameo?tbebalue tbereof tobeenemaunncBoj 
 fueo fo? bp tljellueencs bigbneffe,ber beires ano fucceflbrs, or bp tbe fainefellotoftjip of Cngliflj 
 jptccbancs fo? nifcouetp of netoe tranes, oj tbeir fucceflbrs, or tbeir atturnep o? atturnets,or bp 
 anp perfon o? perfons being of tbe fame feliotofljip ofenglifbSpercljantBfojoifcoucrp of netoe 
 traces , or tbeir fucceflbrs inanpcourtofHccorn,orinanp otber Court or routtcstoitbin tbis. 
 Kealme.or els toljcre, bp action of cebt, action of betinue, bill,plaint,info?mation,o? otbertoife? 
 intobicb Cuite no eflbine, p?otection,toager of latoe, o? iniunction (ball be allotoeo, fo?,oj on tbe 
 bcbalfe of tbe pactie oi parties oefenoant. 
 
 IpjouioeD altoapes, tbftt tobereas bitters gmbiects of tbis Kealme being not of tbe fcllotofljip 
 afo?cfaiD, banc Ijcretofojc maoe acuenturcs to ano from lime of tbeplaces proljibiten bp tbe fait) 
 letters patents,cbat tbe faib fubiccts.tljeir ljetrcs,erecutors, abminilirato?s ano afltgnes, o? anp 
 of tbem (ball not be impeatbcb,impleaben,trqubleo,fucB,no? moieflen for tbe fame in tbeir goons 
 o? perfons in anp maner of toifc, eitljer bp our faice foutreigne laopjber (wfrtf o? fttcceu~o?s,o ? 
 tjjefaic fellotolfjip, o) tbeirfucceffo?s. 
 
 ^?outDebalfo,tbat it (ball belatofull fo? anp fttbicctof tbisHeaImc,bauing p?efentlp anp fljip* 
 ping,goobs,toares 3 orreacp monep,remapningat or in anp pIace,of o?toitbin tljenominion of tbe 
 faib migljtp p?ince of Ru(Tia,o? tn anp otber of tbe places piobibiten to be btfiteb o? traf fiqueo bnto 
 bptljls Batuteoj tbcfaio letters Tpatcnts,to fetcb,b?ing,anb conuep tbe fame,o? caufe tbe fame to 
 lebjougbt o) conuepebfromtbencebpfeao?otbertotfe, befojetbcfcaflofS.IohnBapuft,tobiclj 
 fbalbe in tbe peere of our JLoid <Sob 1 568,anp tbing conteiueb in tbis flatute,o? in tbe faib letters 
 patents to tbe contrarpnettoitbQanoing, 
 
 Pjouineb alfo,tljat it (ball be Iatofull fo? anp of tbe fubierts of tbis Healmc.to faile to tbepo^t, 
 totone,territojie,o? cattle of Wardhoufe,o? to anp oftbe coafles,totones,bauens,crecf«es,ritters, 
 3!flanDS,anb Ianb of Norway fo ? trabe of fiflnng, oj anp otber trabe tljere bfeb bp tt;e fubiects of 
 tbis Keaime,anp tbing in tbis flatute to tbe contrarp nottoitbflaiwing» 
 
 9nb fo? tbe better maintenance of tbe.lQauie anb Spariners of tbis Kealme, be it pjouibebanu 
 inacteb,tbat it ujall not be Iatofull to tbe faioe fellotoQjip anb companp, no; to anp of them to carp 
 anbtranfpojt.oj caufe to be cariebanb tranfpojteb anp commebieoftbisKealme to tbeir netoe 
 trace, but onelp in Cngliflj fljips, ann to be faileb fo? tbe moft parttoitb €ngli(b Spariners,no? 
 alfo to tying into tbis Kealme no? into Flanders from tbeir faioe neto trace, anp mercbanbi?es,ot 
 eflier commooittesbut in Cnglidj ujips.anb failen fo? tbe moft part bp tlje Cnglitb spariners,on 
 paine to forfeit fo? euerp fuel) offence ttoo Inmo jcd pouncs,tobereof tlje one moitie fiiall be to tbe 
 Elaeenes S@aiettie,berbeiresanbfucceiro?s,tl)e otber moitie to tlje bean officers ofanppo?c 
 totone,bauing anp batten o? barbo?ougb cecapen,bp tobat name focuer tbep bee inco?po?ate,to tbe 
 reparation of fucb barbo?ougb, tbat toill fuefo? tbe fame in anp Court of lReco?D,bpaction,bilf, 
 plaint o? info jmation,toberein no cu"oine,pjotection,o?toagcrof latoe fo? tbe nefennant (ball be 
 acmittebo?allotoen. 
 
 Pjouiceb alfo, anc be it cnactcb, tbat no maner of perfon o? perfons (ball from bencefojtb car^ 
 rie o? tranfpo?t, o? caufe to bee earrieo o? tranfpo?ten out of tbis Ecalme of Cnglaitn,anp mancc 
 ofclotbes o?fearOes into anpof tbe partestobere tbe fate fellotofijipann forietieis pjiuileogen to 
 tranebp tbis Qlct, before tbe fame clotljes ann fearCes (ballbe allb?e(Ten,ann fo? tbe mod part oieo 
 toitbin tbis Kealme,bpon paine of forfeiture fo? euerp fuel) clotb ann ftarfie,otbertoife cariec ann 
 tranfpo?tec,fiuc pounos:tbe onebalfc tbereof to tbe Ciucenes Spaiefiie s l)er beires ann fttcceffojs, 
 tbe otber balfc to tbe Scatter ano JEHarnens of tbe Clotbtoojtters in tbeCttie of ionnon fo? tlje 
 time being, bp tobat name focuer tbep be incorporate tbat toil fue for tbe fame. 
 
 JPfouiceb alfo tbat tobenfoeuer tlje fain focietie oj companp (ball toillinglp toitljbjato , ann nif« 
 
 continue 
 
17* 
 
 ■■■ !■■ ■ ■ — — ■ M HUT -- - — i. j_j _. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, The Emperors priuilege. 
 
 comiHUctoljolpbptberpaceoftljjctpccrcsintimeofpeacejajeDifcljarsingofcljeirmcrcIjano^es 
 
 attf}croaocfS.NicholasbapmRiiifia,anDDoenotDircharge their fata mtrchanDijesatlbmeo* 
 tb« vo?: o? roaur Ipi'ng on that j#o?thcoattofRuliia,o? other terricojfc ncUiefiitiecttothefaiDe 
 migbtie p?ince of Ruflla.ijc.bitherto bp the rubiects of this re almenoc eoramonlp frequcntf Djtbat 
 thf nBacmj the time of anp utcb otfcontmuance anD toithDjaUiing,asi!safo?efaiD 3 it fijalbe laioful 
 to all the fubiccts of this realme to traoe to the Name ouelp in@ngltlbl)octoms,anp thing in this 
 Set to the contrary nattottljttamjing. 
 
 IPmuiocD alio, that etterp of the Huecnes g&aieflics Smbtects inhaDiting toiujin tlje Cttte of 
 Yorkc , the totones of Newcaftlc upon Tine,Hull ano of Bofton , faauing continuallp trance the 
 roiirrcofmrrchanot?ebpthe fpaee often peeres,anombicb before the 2 5, of December thatfijal* 
 DctnAnnoD.ijtfyJjalcoritrtbute^opne.anijputinflocliejto.toitynDamongllftljefatocornpa* 
 np.fuch futimie $ fummesof monep.as anp of the fain rompanp, tnbirb hath th jotjgblp continneD 
 ano contributea to the faiDC nctoc traoe, from tftepecre 1 5 5 2,batb Done,auB bctoje thefaioc 2 St of 
 December 1567* (ball Do foj the fntnitureofoneojtiiHafpjfuIIantinitirepojtionjO^fljare.anoiJo 
 in all things bebaue bimfolfe as others of tlje fain focictie be bouno to doc, arm hereafter (ball bee 
 tonnototiobpthepjittilenajeSjO^tihtancesatwttattitesoftrjefaitictompanp, (hall from the farm 
 2j,ttap of December 1 567.be, anDbeaccompteDfrce,anD asoneof the Case (octette ano rompa* 
 np : ano fubiect 10 thepjiuileDgcs, ojeinanecs anDttatutes of the faioe rompanp, reafonablp mace 
 anotobe maDe,anp thing in tljispjefent 9cttotbecontrarpnotu;ithttanDittg. 
 
 Avery bricfe remembrance of a voyage made by M.jfnthonylen* 
 kinfoti, hom London to Mojcoi/it 3 fent fromthcQ^cencsMaieftietothc. 
 Emperour, in the yeere 1 566. 
 
 |l|§« ^|gg g '<i?^ fourth Dap of t^ap in the perc afojefst'D, 33 imbarkcD mp fclfe atGrauefend in 
 x§|| J f§l£ thcfiooDujipcaHeDtbcKarryofLoridon.antihflttitiajhaDapjdfpcrotiStopageat' 
 2§§l &S|j ntip0 at tI,c ™* °^ s -Nidiolas in Ruisia the i o,o.'p tf Julp follotouig,anD tmmc» 
 j^tfi WM Diatt P31ft n tmpotftotbcCmpcro? taspucvtifeofmptommitig, anDirauciling 
 c^^s^^l then thojotoc the cotmtrep, 31 toitlj mp rompanp came to the Mofco inhere the 
 Cmprrour K.pc his courc.the 2 ^f auguft^nti foojthtoith gaue the g-ecrctarir to rir.Dcrttano of 
 mp arrtuall, taho abuertifcD the Cmperottrs gpntcflteof it,ano the firttDap of g>cptcmbcr J bcino; 
 a fulemnc featt among the Ruffes , 3 came before the Cmperours S^nicCie, fitting in his feate of 
 ijonour.ana hatting hifTeD his banD,anD ncne tlje Queencs Spaietties commenDations,anD Dclitte» 
 reo her ©races letters ano p?cfent,he ban me to Dinner, tobich 3J accepteD, anD rjao much honour 
 Done unto me both then ano all the time of mp aboDe in Rufsia. 
 
 The Piiuiledges graunted by the Emperour of Rufsia to the Eng- 
 lifh merchants of that company ;obtcincd the 22. of September, Anno 
 
 1 567. by \A..zAnthony lenkinfim. 
 
 ~\ ji5eonelpflrcngth*;«cr of all things, ano <E5oD totthoutbcginm'rig, tohichtoajt 
 
 [ befojetheiDo^lD, the jfather,the ^onne,anD the holp ©hoS, ottr oneIp©oDm 
 
 ' Trinitie,ar,D tnafeer of all things jtoljom w too^fljip in all things.anti in all pla« 
 
 ces.the Doer anD fulfillcr of all things, tohich is tlje perfect ftnotoieoge giucr of 
 
 the true (Sod, out LojDelefus Chrift,toith tlje comforter tlje Ijolp Spirit, ana 
 
 1 tljou tohicb art the ttrengtljencr of our faith.'Kecpe US together,^ giue fcs health 
 
 to pjeferue our kingDome,thou giucr of all gooo fruitcs,anD hclperof all ChMlKan belcettcrg* 
 
 IWle great lop bp the grace of <53oD,ano great DuKe Iohn Vafihwich of all Rufsia, Volodimer, 
 Mofco^ouogrodjCazanjAHracanjPlefco.Smolcnsko.Twcria.YougoriejVadikajBulgarjSy- 
 bier n«o otljerc,<£mperour <inD great Duke of Nouogrod of the lotuer lano, of Cbernygo,Rczan, 
 
 Polotski,Roftouc,Yereflaue,Bealozera,OudOTi3,Obdoria, Condcnfa, anS lO?U Of mattpothtC 
 lanDs.ano of all thejao^th parts, commanocr anDlo?D of Life-land. 
 
 CSJIjereas cut fivl£rilueeneElizabcth,bptl;e grace cf>SoD 3 Hueeiie of England,FranceatiD 
 Ireland, hath in jitten to us her letters, tbatttectootilogratmtbcrmcrcbants,WilliamGcrrard, 
 
 William Ghcftcr, Rowland Hey ward, Lawrence Hufsic, Iolin Marili, Anthony Ienkinion, 
 
 William Rowly,anD their companp of England, toccmcinujips into tljiskingoomc, ano thefe 
 tncrclj ?.nts, William Gerrard anD Ijis comyanp ijatte rcquireo of us that ine tuotilD graunt ano lt» 
 ccncctljcntto come into our countrepofDwina,toithalIkinDof toares attoJiL.tocurcitp ofMof- 
 co,ann to f,H our catties in our hinpomes, toe fo? our fitters fake Elizabc:h,bp tlje grace of <0od, 
 2Tl:iee:ie Of England, Fiance anD Ireland, baue UctnceD &er mercljantS, William Gerrard aim 
 
 bi'S 
 
trheSmp.priuilege. Traffiques,and Di/couenes. 373 
 
 Ijts companp to paffe in ftjips to out kmgoome of Colniogio, ano to tbe iano ot D v\ ma, ano tu ail 
 otbec our inbetitances in the Jfro?t(j parts.toitb all kino of toares to our c:tp of Mofco, ano to a.l 
 catties ano totones in our kingoome, 9no Or William Garrard j bis cc mpanp DcGrco of us, r|),it 
 toe tooulo grant tbem licence to paffe to our inheritance of Cazan ano Aftracan , ano into cur iw- 
 JjeritanreofNouogrodtljc great, anD to our inheritance of Lifland toNarueanoDo.-pe, anD to 
 otber out catties ano totones of Lifland, toitb ail htnoe of toares, ano tbe traoe to be tuitijour ctt« 
 Come, tobfeb requctt toebaue granteo to fir William Garrard ano bis companp, ano batic gtueu 
 tljem licence to paffeto our inheritance of Cazan ano Aftracan, ano Nouogipd ttje grcac,-nb tn- 
 toour tnberitance of Lifland, Narue ano Dorpc, anD otberplaces of our inheritance in Lifland 
 toitb allkinoe of toareMo bup, barter ano fellattoill.toitbout cuttomc : anotobat toares fcetter 
 tbepb?ingoutofErigland,o?outofanpotbercomurep,neeDfullo?ncceffarj>,tbattbcpfbiillb?mp; 
 all tboCe toares neeofull o ? neceffarp to out treafurp,* tbofe toarea there to be openeD.ano tben to 
 tahe out of tbefame,fucb toares asfbalbeneeofullfojourtreafutp.anotbercQbeittjDeliucreoa- 
 gaine,to fell ano barter at tbeir pleafure, ano to fell none of tbe fine toares before tljep be feme bp 
 our cbancellers,ercept footing; clotbes,anootbet toares not meet fo? out treafurp : ano toben our 
 canceller toill feno our treafure out of our treafurp toitl; them , tbep (ball take it toitb tbem, ano 
 fo fell ano batter it fo? toares meet fo? our treafurp,anD b?ing it to our treafurp, ano tbep to take 
 no othermenstoarcstobariero? fell toitb tbem, no?pct our people to bup c? fell fb? trjem tbetc 
 toares:ano if tbofe Cnglifb merchants Do oeGre to paffe out of our kingocme of Aftracan to Bog- 
 har, Shamaky, Chaday , o? into anp otrjer countrcps, o? els to go into tlicir otone couiurcp, tben 
 tbep to take tbetc treafure toitb tbem, ano to barter anD fell it fo?toarra neceffarp fo? our treafu* 
 rp, ano to b?ing it anD oelttter it to our cbanceller,anti toben tbep come backe againe to our inber i* 
 tance of Cazan ano Aftracan, o? to anp otber of out caff les ano toumes, tbat tljcn our eaptaine of 
 Cazan ano Aftracan , ano all ottjet out people of charge (ball not boloe tbem, but toitb fpceo let 
 tbem paffe toitbout tabing cuftome of tbem o? trjeic toares , ano toitbout t pening o? looking 'jpott 
 tbem in anp toife : ans toben tbep b«t»e not our treafure toitb tbem, tbat tljen Iifeetoife no cuficme 
 ftalbe taken of tbem no? tbeir toares to be fee ne of anp man. 
 
 SS no ukctoife toe baue granteo tbemtobup ano fell in allourkingoomcsano catties , toitb all 
 kinoe of toares : ano toe Ijaue alfo licenced tbem, tbat toben t ho fc € njltfii mercbants do ocfire to 
 imp $ fell toitb our mercbants tobollp togetber, tbat tbep u)all baue libcrtp fo to do toljollp togc* 
 tber : ano tbep tbat do Defire to fell tbeir otone toares bp retarte in ttjetr otone boufe, tbat tben tbep 
 fell it in tbeir oton fcoufe bp retaile to our people $ otber Qrangets,as tbep can agree i ano tocigfjes 
 ano artbnios to be kept in their boufe Mtb owe feale , ano tbep tljcmfclucs to barter ano fell tbeic 
 atone toares : ano no KutTe mcrcbant in Mofco , o? anp otber place in our kingoome to fell fo? 
 tljem anp toares, no? to bup o? barter anp toares fo? tbem, ne? cottier anp Grangers gooo?, 9nn 
 tobereas tbofe mercbants of £ngIanD,fir William Garrard ano l)is companp do oeGre to fell tbetc 
 toares at Colmogro.Dwina, Vologda, Yeraflauc,Coftrum,anO inNouogrod tlje lotoer, Ca- 
 zan, Aftracan, great Nouogrod,Plesko, Narue, Dorpe, ano inotberourtotoucs ^caCIcB,tI)Cp 
 fijall baue tbeir mill to fell it : ano of tbeir toares of England anD Rufteland no cuttomc flwibe ta- 
 ken, nettber tbep no? tbeir toares fijalbe ttapeo in anp place : ano toben tbep Depart cut of Mo co, 
 to aouertife outcbanceflo?tljereof , ano not to giue anp note o?ituunto?pof anp kince of tbeir 
 toares tbep catpatoap : anD toben tbe <j£nglifb mercbants, Gr William Garrard ano bis rompatip 
 Do come bpon tbe fea,anD bp miffo?tunc baue tbeir fbips caft atoap bpon tbofe coattsof tljr ffilo?tb 
 parts, tben toe toifl tbetc gooos to be fougbt out toitb truetb, ano to be Dclittereo to fir William 
 Garrard anobis companp, tohicb as then lljall be founD in our countrcp : anD if tbat fir William 
 Garrards companp be not in tlje Mofco no? in our countrep,tben toe toill ano commano tbat tbofe 
 gooos of tbeirs (ball be lapo bp in a place of fategaro bntill fucb time as tbe fain fir William Gar- 
 tardo? bis companp come to Demano tbe fame: ana tben at tbeir comming toe toill tbat it (ball be 
 Dtliucreo, 9notobereasbercto£b?etoebauegiuen Gr William Garrard ano his companp in this 
 our kwgDomc of Mofco tbe neto cattle bp tbe cburcb of §>.Maxim bebinoe tbe market.tbep.fbal 
 tbcretttll boloe tljetr boufe as beretofo?e toe baue giuen tbem, papingno cuflome fo? tbefame: 
 ano toe alfo do licence tbem to keepe one Kuffepo?tero?ttoo, o?elsoftbcirotonecountrepj ano 
 tbofe po?ters (ball otocll toitb tbem. ano not fell fo? tbem.no? barter, no? bup fo? tbem t Sno alfo 
 3 baue granteD tbem to bup a boufe at Vologda ano at Colmogro , o? in anp otber place tobere 
 tbe? tan cbufe fo? tbemfelttes anp gooD barbour,ano tbere tbep to fet Dp tbofe boufes in tbofe pla* 
 ces at tbeir otone cbarges : ano in Vologda o? tbe otber boufes to keepe ttoo o ? tb?ee po?tcrs of 
 tbeir otone, o? els ttoo o? tb?ee Kuffes, ano tbeir toares to be lapeo bp in tbofe boufes, ano to fell 
 tbeir otone toares at toill : ano tbe po?ters toitbout tbem to fell none of tbeir toares ,neitljer pet to 
 bup anpfo?tbem, 3n6 our officers of Colmogio anDDwina.'anoof otber our caftles^tctonca 
 
 3t (ball 
 
37+ 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, The Smp.priuilege. 
 
 STJerfnerof 
 obKaffjtiflbie. 
 
 fljall not Iooke oucr tljetr toares , no? take anp cutt ome thereof: neither (ball thofc Cngliuj mer« 
 chants fir William Garrard anD his companp be iuDgeo bp anp oftrjcm. SnetoljentbeCEngiift) 
 merchants Qjali fens from out kingoome their otone people into tljetr otone rountrep Ijp lanD o< 
 ucr o tbcr ktngoomes tobatfbeucr thep be,tbep map toitbout toare feno their otone people at their 
 plcafure. 9no tobcn anp matter of lato Both fall out in ibcir traDe of mcrcbanDife,tben tbep fhafl 
 be iuDgeD bp our cljanccllcrs,c,nD-lato ffjaibe Done toithequitie bcttoi'rt ottr people and the m : ano 
 tohenthep cannot OeiuDgeDbp lato,tljep tbenfljalbe tritD fcplots, ant) laljofc lot is firfl tafeen our, 
 sTriatibpiots. |je (rjallfeauc tlje right. anDifit happen anp of thofc merchants to haue anp matter of lato in anp 
 other pact of our Dominions fojtrnoe of merchants, then our captaines, iuDges, anDcbiefeorfr 
 cers (ball heare the matter.anD aDminifler tuflice toith cquitp ano trttet^ano tohcte lato can take 
 no place, to h e trieo bp lots, ano Ijts let that ijS fittt taken out to hauc tlje right, anD fo? t heir mat« 
 ters oflato no cttliomc to be papeo, 
 
 5furtbermo?e , toe fo ? out fitters fake Elizabeth haue gvanteD, that none befiDcfit William 
 Garrard anD bis companp, out of tobat kingeome focuer it be, England o? other, (hall come 
 intrarje of merchanDtfc no? othertoife toColmogro, no? totheriucr Ob, no?toithin Ward- 
 houfe , no? to Petzora, 110? Cola, no? Mezen, no? to the abbep of Petchingo, no? to tlje JfianD 
 ofShallawy, no? to anp mouth of tberiucrofDwina, no?toairppart oftljej3o?thtoumrcpof 
 our coattv^noifanp merchant, out of tohatcountrep focuer itbe, Doe come toith uj:po?ujippeg, 
 lmffes, o? anp other kinDCofbcflrll to anp of our harbours, toitbtn all our j3o?th parts, toetoill 
 that then the people anD gooos, fbip o? Qjip8,ujalbe connfeate, ano fo?feiteD to bs the €mpcrouc 
 anD great Duke. 
 
 cSiucr. in our kingDonie nno houfe of Mofco, the pecre from the beginning of cfje toojlD 7076, 
 in tijemonethof September, anD in the 3 4 peerc of our reigne, ano in our cenqucfi of Cazan 1 6, 
 ano inourconquettof Aftracan 1 y. 
 
 f Anthonie Icnkinfon. 
 j William Rowly. 
 J Thomas H3\\ try. 
 j Thomas Sowtham. 
 
 I Rafc Rutter,tranu*atourljer£ofout 
 L oftljeRfcfle tongue. 
 
 Perufeo mto allotoea bp bs 
 
 <3Tr)e trie of 
 fntrcslBSoIt- 
 foinc,rjcttratr, 
 grail! ana 
 somclp. 
 
 A letter of M. HenrkLane to M. Richard Hakjuit , concerning the 
 firft ambaflage to our moll gracious Queene EliZgbetf] from the Rufsian 
 Emperour anno 1 5 6j, and other notable matters incident to thofe places and times, 
 
 |©?(htpfull fir , becaufe 31 finoepou haue the fnccefle ano p?ocecbmgs of Ofep 
 Napea the fittt ambaflaDour of the Ruffian Emperour to the Sgaiettics of 
 Ring Philip aim Cueene Marie, at tohat time anD at his rcttirne 3; toas rcmai* 
 ning in Ruffia , rjoo not finDetljat the perfect knotolcDgc of the firtt ambaflage 
 from thence to this our g>ouereigne£aDie©ueene Elizabeth is come to pour 
 hnnos, bcttoeene tohofe l^ighneffe anD the ambaffaDours 3 toas intcrp?rtour, 31 
 thinkegooDto crpicfirit. 3Jn 3ugutt Anno 1 567 arriueD at London toitlj their retinue ttoo 
 Cfpcciall autho?ifcO mcflcngers, nameD Stephen Twerdico, anD Theodore Pogorella, toith let* 
 
 tcrs anD p?eftntsto btrS^aicttp, at that time being at Otelands, tobere ciuers of the chiefe 
 merchants of tlje Ruffian companp DiD affociate tljem , atiD 31 there Doing mp Duetie anD office of 
 interp?ttout , her SINettie gaue tbem auDience. jFirtt tbep rebeaxfiD the long fiile ano Spaiettp 
 of their Scatter, toith his mottfrienolp arm hcartp commenoations to her iptgbnefle , ano then 
 tbep tefttfieD tlje Angular great top ano pleafure that be conceiueD to heare of ber mott p?incelp 
 ettate, DignitieanDbealtb: anDlattlp, tbep DelittcrcDtheirIettcrsanDp?cfents. < &ljep?efents 
 fentbnto tjcr SSaiettptoere Sables , both in pairesfo? tippets, anD ttoo timbars, totott, ttoo 
 times fo?tic, toitb Luferns anD other rich ftrrres. jfo? at that time tbat4)?incdp ancient o?na* 
 ment of furres toas pet in bfe. 9nD great pitie but that tt might be r enetoeD , cfpcciall in Court, 
 anu among spagtttrates, not onclpfo? the rf flowing of an olDctoo?fh!pfulI9rtanDCowpanie, 
 but aifobfeaufethep be fo? our climate tobolcfome, Delicate, graueano comelp : erp?tffmgDig- 
 nitie , comfo?tingage, anooflongct continuance, anD better toith finall cottto bep?eferueD, 
 tbentbefe ncto filks , (hagges , anD ragges , toljerein a great part of tlje toealtb of tlje IanD is 
 Ijatttlp confttmeD. 
 
 ^befe ambaflaDours toere appomteDloDgingano cntcrtcinemcntbp tlje {©ofcottie companp 
 at tbeir houfe tljen in Seething Lane , anD toere funDjie times after pemutteD to be in pjefence, 
 
 anu 
 
Letters of M. H.Lane. Traffiques,&Difcouenes. 375 
 
 9no («#* 1 56S t'oofa tbeir leatte at Greenwich, &4jere tljcp vjnoccueooanoljaD tbeQuccnis 
 CgJaictfuSmmoe, letters arm retoaro. 9t (rje latter p;rt of i;er talke, IjcrlpiajljncfTc conlltiering 
 tbat our traoe to ^aintNicholasfincet^c beginning; rjao lifneoffenfuieto otuerspjmces.flatcs, 
 ano mcrcljants Cafttoaro, dCcd tljefe QjeccIjcb o j tlje like : Whoisotfhalibemoretouchedby 
 detradtours, withflyingtalesand vntrue reports, then Princes and Rulers, to the breach or' 
 louc and vnitie ? your Maflcr and I in things that pane by word and writing, I doubt net will 
 keepeandperformepromiies. Ifhcheare the contrary of me, let him fufpend his judgement, 
 
 and not be light of credit.and fo will I. %tyk toojos tljep termeo Ijer S^aicttie0£olDcnfpceclj: 
 ano kneeling ootone.fcifreD berfjano,anooep'arteo, 
 
 'E.rje letters tljattrjefc ttoomeffengersbjougbt, tocre oeliuereo to mebpmplLo?0'2Lreafu> 
 tour, being tljen^cCTetarie, to bctranBateo.tljecopieBto&eteofJbaD, but noto cannot finoe. 
 Clje copie of tfjeduecnes S^ateQies letter 3 teno inclsfro Ijeretoiclj bnto pour toojiljip, 31 alfo 
 ijaue fent pott a copp of a letter tmitten from tlje king of Polonia to trje 'Huecnes 3f)aie3ic, toitlj 
 otljer letters from tome of our nation ano factours , sedating the Oifpleafure fo? our trafficke to 
 tlje Kulfes from anno 1 5 5 8 to trje pcre 1 5 66, efpcciallp bp tlje toap of the Narue : in toijicb pere 
 of 1 566, fjauttto; generall procuration ano cotmiiffiou from tlje Companp, 3 toasintbeioto 
 coumrep at AntwerpeanoAmfterdam, ano fometimesmcompanp toitlj \poI<ieks,Danfkers, 
 ano €ailetlinpjs : ano bp reafon 3 baobene a liogertn Ruffia, 3 coulo tlje better replj) ana pjoue, 
 ttjat tljeir tone nations ans tlje 3talians toerc mofl guilcie of the accufatiens to jittcn bp tlje king 
 
 OfPoland. 
 
 ^biskmgSigifmundus(toljofeambaffa5oursoerp fttmptttons 3 ljauefecncatMofco)toas 
 repojteo to be too miloe in differing the S^ofcauites, Woje our trafftckc tfcep ouerranne bis 
 great oukceomeof Lituania, anotooke Smolenfco , carrpinguje people captmes to Mofco, 
 ' Sno in tlje pere 1 5 63 , as appearetb bp Thomas Alcocks letter, tljtp fuffercD tfje HuOTe liketoife 
 in tbat Dttcljp to take a puucipail ctcp calleo Polotzko, toitb tlje la?o ano people tljereof, like 
 totfe tbefaio Sigifmundusano tlje king of Sweden oio not looke to rfce protection cf Liuonia,but 
 loll all, ercept Rie ano Reuel, ano tbe Euffe maoc tlje Narue Ijispojt to traffic ke,not onelp to bs, 
 but to Lubec ano otbecs , generall, 9no (till from tljofe parts tlje S^ofccuites toere furniiljeo 
 out of Dutchland bp enteciopcrs toitlj all arts ano artificers, ano bao feto 0? none bp bs, ®.&e 3* 
 talians alfofurnifljeotbem toitb engines of toarre, anotauojbttijem toarrelike UTatagemcs.ana 
 ttje arte cf fojtification* 3ntbeoapesofSigifmund,ti;eEuffettioulotanttljcPohcks,t!jattbep 
 loueo tljeir eaf* at borne toitb tljeir toiues.ano to jinke,ano mere not at commanoement of tljeir 
 killCC, CljiS Sigifmund IjaD to totfe tlje Daugljter Of Ferdinando, Charles the fifts bptber, ano ije 
 bieotoitboutitlhe. S»incetoIjicbtimetbeirlatcclcctfO king Stephanus Batore kept tlje IRufte 
 inbetter ojoer.ano rccotteeco Polotzko againe in tlje pere 1 5 79* '©bus toitlj mp Ijeartte fare* 
 toelia take mp leatte of pour too?fljtp. 
 
 Your allured friend Henrie Lane, 
 
 A Letter of the mod excellent Maieftie of Queene Elizabeth , fent 
 by Stephen Twerdico and Pbeodata Pogorelta , meflengers of the Emperourof 
 ^»^7/»,vnto their Maikr the ninth of May 1568. 
 
 1 Imj>eratoriMofcouit4rum,&c. 
 
 Lizabetha Sec. Literas veftrae Maieftatis fuperiori anno i567,decimo 
 die menfis Aprilisdatas,veftrimercatores Stephanus Twcrdico,& Pheo- 
 data Pogorella, quihasnoflrasperfetunt, nobis rradidere. Quos veftros 
 mercatores in omni fuo apud nos & noftros obeundo negotio, ita tra6ta- 
 ri, & libenti voluntate, & expreflo noftro mandato curauimus, vt non fo- 
 lum veftrse Maieftatis pro illis poftulationi, (ed eorundem etiain hominum 
 rfcl expe<3ationi plene fatisfa£tumefleconfidamus. Id quodeofecimusllu- 
 diofius,quod plane per(pedum,probeque cognitum habeamus, noflros omnes,qui bona cum 
 gratia noftra, noftrarumqueliterarum commendatione,ifluc, fub vellroimperionegotiaturi 
 veniuntjpari,cum vellrje Maieftatis fauore, turn veftrorum fubdttorum huir;anitate,vbiuis ac- 
 ceptosefle, Qnaenoftravtrobique,&mutui inter nosamicitiie, &gratz inter noftros bene- 
 uolentiseofficia, vtcrebra&perpetuaexiftant, nosadmodumpoftulamus. Quern animi no- 
 ftri fenliim fufius hiveftri, &opportunius fuo fermone coram dcclarabunt: Qutbusnondu- 
 bitamus, quin veftra Maieftas amplam fidem fit tributura. Deus &c. Grenouici nono die 
 Maij 1567. 
 
 3i * The 
 
 ■SJjf tl•a^r to 
 £5, Nicholas of* 
 tci finr to Di- 
 uerspimcrs 
 ft dates CdH> 
 UiaiD. 
 
 Smolen'calBoii 
 bpthcHuQc. 
 
 Poloizka taheiv 
 
 Polotzko rcro» 
 ilcrcbbpScs. 
 phantis B^iur? 
 
 I568 
 
V 6 
 
 3ri tjisliop- 
 age tucnt Tho- 
 
 masBannifler, 
 (r Gcofrcy Duc- 
 ket, ft! tijrtc 
 ljopagetiita 
 
 Perfia, 
 
 CHeafcbfpof 
 
 S>. Nicholas of 
 
 20 cponks. 
 
 <Cl)c Cnglitb 
 
 lltmfeatis. 
 
 Nichobi. 
 
 flTSfe finer of 
 
 Dwina. 
 
 felmosro. 
 
 StiisEngliu^ 
 l)ouf« luitli 
 lanoa at Col- 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, M. Thorn as^Randolfe* 
 
 The AmbalTage of the right worfliipfull Mafter Thomas %andvlfe> 
 Efquire, to the Emperour of Rufsia, in theyeere 1 5 (58, briefly written by 
 
 himlelfc. 
 
 fye 22uapof 3lmic,mtljcperc ofour!ojbi568, 31 tocntatoojocrjeHany, 
 Ipingmtl)eiDaDatHarwtchtottlimpccnipanp,I)rmgtotljenuiJil)froffo?tic 
 per£bnsojil)eteal)OUt:oftn&icljtI)eotulialfetoet£g£ntItmtn,DtGrou?torce 
 the tocjlD. 
 
 ilftitbin one baprs failing, toctocreoutof the fight oflatiu , anDtblloto-- 
 ingourcoiirfeDirectlp5frojtb, till toe came to tlje jftojtb Cape, toe fallen 
 fo? the fpace of ttncltte capes totttj apjofperottstoinre, toitbouc tempett 0? 
 outrage offca : hatting compaffeo the jftojtb Cape toe DirccteD our rottrfc flat s^outljeaft, ha-- 
 uing top on DUE rt'Cf J)t fjanO Norway, Wardhoufe, Lapland, alloutof fi^l)C tilltoe cametoCape 
 Gallant : ano fo failing be ttoeene ttoo bapes, the ttoo ann thirtieth nap after our tit parture from 
 Harwich , toccaflancreat S>aint Nicholas roan, 3n all tbetimeofourbopage, mojetbenthe 
 great mmibetofi^halesingenberingcogecber, tohich toe might plainlpbcholbe, armtheSper- 
 ma Ccta:, tohich toe might fee ftoimming bpon the fca , there toas no great thing to be tooonoe- 
 reo at. Sometimes toe ban calmes,toberein our Scanners Sfbeo,ano tcoke goon fioie of Diuerff 
 fo jts. 9t S>. Nicholas toe lanoeb the a 3 of Julp, tobcre there flauoeth an abbcp of Sgonks (to 
 the number of ttocntie) built all of toooo : tie apparell of theSjponks is fuperuuiou3 , in blacke 
 hooD3,as otsrs hatte bene. Cheir Church is faire, but fullof painterj images, tapers,ano tannics. 
 Cbeir Dunn- houfes are Icto , annfmallroomes. Che? lie aparcthep eat together, annaremucb 
 giucntoDjunfcenncfle,bnlearmn, tontctbepcan, pjeacbthep nocneuetjcercmoniotts in their 
 Cburcb, ano long in their papers. 
 
 9 1 mp firff arriuall 35 toas p jefenten from their Iftioj toitb ttoo great rie Joaue£S,fifb both fait 
 ano frcft) of outers CbjtiS, both fea fifl) ano frefij toater, one fljeepe a!iuc,blacke>toitb a tohite fate, 
 to be the mo?e gratcfull bnto me, anu fo toith manp folcmne toojos inuiting me to fee their boufe, 
 thcptooketljeirleaue. 
 
 Conine cohabitation at &. Nicholas there is none moje then aboutfottrehoufesneeretlje 
 abbep , aim anotlier built bp the C-ngliflj Companp fo? their otone bfe. 
 
 ■Shis part of the cotmtrep is matt part tooon , fauing here anu there patture 5 arable grounn, 
 manp raters ano oiuers Jlflanns tin^abiteo, a.s tjic mottparc of the countrep ts,fo? (be coioneffe in 
 ftilimer, 
 
 ^.Nicholas Can5ctl)3ao?theaS:thceleuaiton of thcpole^Degrces.SheriueL'tliatruiutctrj 
 there into the fea is callenD wina,berp large,but Iballoto. Shis riuer tafecth his beginning about 
 700 miles toithin the countrep, $ bpon this titter llanrietb Colmogro.ano manp p jjrp tillages, 
 tortl fituatcrj fo? pallure, arable Ianb,tooon, anb toater. Che riuer plcafaiu bettoecne hit bils of 
 titljcr fine intoarolp inbabitcD.anb ia a maner a toilnemeffe of hie firre trees,ann other toocn. 
 
 9t Colmogro being 1 00 berflg , tohich nie account fb? tbjee quarters of a mile euerp bcrff, 
 toe cartes tb?ee toceks , not being fuffercn to Depart before the Smperour ban tocjn of our corn* 
 ming, toho fetti to meet bs a gentleman of his houfe,to conutp w.anb to fee bs furniujeb of bictu* 
 5ls,uito all things neeDfull,bponhis otene charge. 
 
 %\)t allotoancc of meat aim pn'nfee toas fb? cucrp bap ttoo rubbles.befices the charge of boats 
 bp tontcr .ano foure fcoje poll ho jfes bp lanb, toitij aboue 1 co rarts to carp mp toines, anootbet 
 cartage, 
 
 Colmogro is a great totone builoco all of toooo, not toalleb, butfeatt ereb houfe from houfe. 
 %\)t people are rttoe in maners, ano in apparell homclp.fauing bpon their fcttiuall,ano marriage 
 bapes. 
 
 Uhe people of this toton finning commobitpbp the Cnglift) mens traffike toitb fhem are mucfr 
 at their commanbcment,giuenmtichto D?unRennefle,ano all other feinbe of abominable bices, 
 
 ilnthis totone the €nglifl) men hatte lanes of tbeir otone, gitien them bp the Cmperour, ano 
 faire houfes,toith offtcesfo? their commobitp^icrp manp, 
 
 ©f other totonesbnttll 31 eome to Vologda, % to?itenot,bccaufetfjep are much UU te this, 
 ana the inhabitants not Differing from them. 
 
 31 toas fiue toholetoeeks bpon the rtuer of D w ina till 31 came to Vologda,being ojatotn toitd 
 men againCtljc ftreame,fo? other patfage there isnone, 
 
 Vologda flanbeth bpon the riuer of Vologda, tohich commeth intoDwina. Che totoneis- 
 great ano iotig,builtaUoftoQoD,asailtbeirtotonesare, 
 
 31« tijis totone the Cmperour hath built a cnCleinuirontb toith a toafl of tone, ano bjicfte,tbe 
 
 toallcs 
 
CtooEiiflauct. 
 
 M.Th.Tfyndolfe. Traffiques^andDifcoueries. 377 
 
 luallesfatre ana hie, round about, $)ere (asm all other tljeirtctoncs) are inanp Churches, Come 
 built of b?ickc,-tl;e rcit of toood, manp Sponks and jSunncs in it : a totone alfo of great traffihe, 
 an3 man? rich merchants there dtorllmg. 
 
 jfrom bencc toe yiaCTeD bp land totoards Mofco in pofle, being 5 00 vierffu great , tobich arc c- 
 qttali toith our miles. 3in their totones toe baiceao?Iap,being port totones, 
 
 Che ccuiurep is aerp faire, plaine $ pleafant,toell mbabiceo,cc?ne,paflurc,medotocs enough, 
 riuirs,ano toooas, faire ana gooalp, 
 
 atYcraflauc toepaffca tbe riuer of Volga, mo?e then a mile otter, ^Ijfs rfucr caketl) Ijts lie* 
 ginning at Bcal Ozera, jaefcenDctb into Mare Cafpium, portable tb.o?oto of berp great belfcls 
 toitb flat bottomes,tobich farre pafie anp that our councrcptsfetb. 
 
 Cofailebp this riuer into Mare Cafpium tbcCnglifb compaiipcaufeaabarfcetobebuiltof 
 27 tmtnss,toi)icb there toa? ncuer feene bcfo?c: %ly$ barke built.ano reaap riggea to the fea toith 
 bertobele furniture cott nottbecompaup abcue one bund?eth marks there. 
 
 %a Mofco toe came about tbe ena of September , cecciueo bp no man , not fo much as our 
 otonc countrepmen fuffrtedto meet as,tobicb b?cd fufpition in me of tome other courfc intended, 
 then toe haa hitherto fcttno. 
 
 Wa tocreb?ougbt to a boufe built of purpofc bp tbe Cmperottr fo? ambaflaDours , faire ana 
 large, after the falbion of that countrep. 
 
 Ctoo gentlemen toere appointee to attena bpon mc,tlje one to fee bs fttrniibeD of bictuals,ana 
 that toe lac to nothing cf tbe Cmpero?s allotoance : tbe other to fee that toe fhoula not goc out of 
 tbeboiifc,no? fuffer anv man to comeanto bS,intobicbtheplcft nothing bnaone that belonged to 
 their charge. But fpeciallp be that looked to our perfons fo ftraigbtip handled bs, tfaat toe ban no 
 fmall caufe to doubt that fome euill ban bene intended bntobs, j[3o fupplication, fute,o? reciuetf 
 could take place fo? our tibcrtp,no? pet to come to bis pjefence, 
 
 S;>auingpaueo ouer 1 7 toeeks in tbiSfo?t,tbe Cmperour fendetbtoo?d that toe fljottld be rea- 
 dy againff Euefaap tbe 20 of jFeb?ttaric,at eight a clocke tn tbe mo?nmg. 
 
 ■Eljebottve being come that Jftjoulogoe to the Court, the ttoo gentlemen Priftaues (astbep 
 call them) came bnto me apparelled moje p?incelp then before 3 ban euer feene them, •Sbcp 
 pjcEe bs to Dcpart,ann mounted bpon t^et'r otone ho?fes, and the ambafTaao? upon fttcb a on eas 
 fie bad bo?rotoca,bis mett marching on foot,to their great griefe, 
 
 Che ambaitiioour (being ntp felfe) toas conueped into an office tohere one of the chancellors 
 BoctbbfetoGt, being there accompanied toith the tiro fo?cCapa gentlemen : 31 taried ttoo long 
 rjourcs befoje 31 toas Cent fo? to the Cmpero?, 3In tbe end meffage being brought that the €m< 
 perottr toas fet , 31 toas conueped bp mp gentlemen bp a paire of flaires tbo?oto a large roome, 
 tohere fate bpmpefiimatton 300 perfons,all in rich atttre,taken out of the «Cmperojstoard?obe 
 ft? that dap, bpon tb?cc ranks of benches, fet round about the place, rather to pjefent a maieflte, 
 then that tljep toere cither of qualitp 0? bono?. 
 
 3t thefirU entrp into the chamber 31 toith mp cap gaue tljem the reuerence r Gich as 31 iuageD 
 their ftatelp fitting, gratte cottntcnances,and fumptuous apparellrcquirca,and feeinajthat-ittoas; 
 notanftocredagntneofanp of them 31coueredmphead, ana fo pairing to a chamber tohere the 
 Cmpcro?toas, there rcceiueo me at the doo?e from mp ttoo gentlemen o?gouerno?s, ttoo of tbe 
 «Empcrr.?3C3unfcno?6,nnd(hctocdme to the €mpero?,and brought me to the middle of tljecham^ 
 ber, tohere 31 toas toilled to Hand tttH, ana to fap that tobich % had to fap. 31 bp mp 3lnterp?eto? 
 opened mpmeffage as 31 rcceiueditfrointbeaiiueenemp£@iviretTe,frcmto!)om3!came,attohofe 
 name the Cmpero? flood bp,and demanded ditters queOtons of her health and flate : tohereunto 
 anfrocre being made, he gauemehtshandtntokeuofmptoelcomc, andcaufedmetofitdotone, 
 aad further af keo me muers qttcilions, 
 
 Chisoane, 31 deliucred her S0aiefltcsp?efcnt, toljtchtoaS a notable great Cup of Cluer ruri< 
 ou3p to^ought, toith berfes grauen in it, etpjefltng the biflowes toojkmanlp fet out in the fame. 
 
 311 bcingfapd and done (as appeared) to bis contentment, he Itcenccn me ana mp tohole com- 
 panp to Depart, toha toere all in his pjefence, and toere falutcd bp him toith a noa of his head, aim 
 fapdbnto me : 31 dine not this dap opcnlp fo? great affaires 31 batte , but 31 toill fend thee mp din* 
 ner, aufl gtue leaue to tbec ana tljine to go at itbettp, ana augment our allotoance to tbee,in token 
 of our loue aao faua? to our fifler the Ciuccne of Cugland. 
 
 31 toith reuerencctookemp leaue > being conueped bp ttoo other of greater calling then tbofe 
 tbatb?OUgbt me to the Cmp!:ro?s fiaht , toljo deliuercn me to the ttoo firflgentlemen , toljo con« 
 ducteametothe office tohere 31 firfftoas , tohere camcbntomeonecalleathe Long duke, tottf) 
 toljom 31 conferred a tohile.ano fo retttrneD to mp lodging. 
 
 SBJitbin one boute after in comes to mp lodging a duke richlp apparelled , accompanied toith 
 
 31i 3 fifite 
 
 
 ■5iic6crcripl(< 
 oti of ttie 111. 
 lantJofMof- 
 
 
 COU1C. 
 
 
 Wis arniMl! at 
 Mofco. 
 
 
 JC TpccMI Boufe 
 flt Mofco ,biiilt 
 
 foi illmlia&l* 
 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 C}is nftmiffttm 
 roti)c«Bmpe. 
 io)s jifcfcncc, 
 
 die&itmics 
 
 tjtfcnt 
 
 ^TJie «rmpe» 
 rojisfprrcfisa 
 trie .tnilufla- 
 beur. 
 
 ■ 
 
?7» 
 
 3d fecon& con- 
 ference tuitlj 
 
 tficeniperoj. 
 
 3 j t!)c jtuicene. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, MAh.%andolje. 
 
 fc'tic peclonSjCcij ofttjeni carping a liiucr Dill) umlj mcat,aub coutreo boiclj filuer. ^he bukc firft 
 rjclitterco ttoentploauesof bjieab of the €mptro?soirme eating, haaing taffeb the" fame,an&otli- 
 ucrcb cuerp bwj into mp bancs, ano tatfeb of cttcrp kinbc of Djinfee tbat f»e b?oug!jt> 
 
 Ojis being none, tljctuthe ano Ijiscompanpfatebotonetuitij mc,ano tookepartofthe ©mpe* 
 rojs meat,ant> alien tljemfelues toell of all fo? ts.anb toent not atoap from me bnrettiarben,. 
 
 <KlIttbin feto nights after the Cmpero? Ijan toill to fpeake fecretlp tot'trj me, ano frnt fo j me in 
 tlje uigljt bp tije Long nuke : ©be place toas fane off,anb die m'gljt colbe,ano 3 rjautng changes 
 mp appareilinto fttclj as the Ruffes bo feseate.founo great incommobitietljerebp,. 
 
 patting talkeb toitljljimabouertfleeljourcs , tcinarbs tlje morning 3 teas bifmiffen, anb fa 
 came borne to mplobging.toljere 3 remaineo about CrtoeeUsafter.befoje 3! Ijiearnagaine from 
 the Cmperour, toijo toenttbenertbapto Slouoda.tlje rjeufc of Ijis folate, Sifter ti;eenoof lnljich 
 fire laecks , tohicljttms about tlje beginning of 3p?il, tl;e Cmpetour returnee from Slouodaa- 
 fo?efapn, ano fent fo? me again e to make rcpaire unto him, Snb being rnme,3 nealt cffcctttallp 
 Jrntb fjtm in the beljalfe of our Cngliffj merchants, ann founn Ijim fo gcacioullp inclincu totoaros 
 tijem, tbat 3 obtaimb at rjis baimamp torjole bemanos fo? large p?iuilegcs in generall, together 
 toitlj all tlje retfmp particular requelfs. 3no tljen Ije ccmirciibeo to mp conottct into England, 
 Andrew sauin a noble man of his, calleo Andrew Sauin, as ljis flmbaffanour, fojtlje better confirmation of ljis 
 ?™h?m££tm puuilegesgranteo, auootljcr negotiations toittjijerSpaieitp. 9nb tljtis being bifpatche* tmtlj 
 *' full contentment, tlje fapbambauabouranDmpfelfebfpartct), anbimbarkebatS.Nicholasa= 
 bout tlje cnb of 3|ulp, ano arriuen fafelp at London in tlje monetlj of September follotoing, 
 
 A copie of the priuiledges granted by the right high and mightie 
 Prince, theEmperourof^w, &c. vnto the right worlhipfiill fdlovvfhip 
 ofEngliili merchants, for the difcoueiieof new trades :and hither lent by Thomas Ran- 
 ^y<?efquire,hcrMaietties AmbaiTadourrotheiayd Emperour, and by nAndrew Sauin 
 his Ambaifadour in theyereofour Lord God ij6o. 
 
 jfre 6ob euerlafling, ano toitrjout ano befbje the beginning, trje jFatljcr , tlje 
 •Sonne, anb tfjerjoIp®rjott, tlje blcfftb Crinitte, cur onelp G?os, maker, 
 anopjeferuer of alltljings, anbrcplenifljcr of all things tnerptoiljere, ttibo 
 bp tbp goobnefle noelr caufe all men to louc the giuer of toifecome our onelp 
 r^ebiatour, anb leaber of bs all bnto blcfftb fcnobjlengc bp tljeotttlp Sonne 
 htstno^o, ourlo?n3erusCb?iir J belp ann eucslafling Spirit, anonotoin 
 tljefe our napes teacrjeQbjsto keepeCljjiftianitie, ar.bfuffertHnstoeniop 
 
 our htngbome to tlje bappp commobttp of our lartb , anb toealtlj of our people , in befpigrjt of our 
 
 enemies, anb to ottrfame tnitlj our frienb&. 
 axitc Iohn Vafiiiwich bp tlje grate of <Sob,great Io?b,Cmpcrour,anb great bukeof allRuflia, 
 
 VoIodemer,Mofcouia,Nouogrod,(IEmperourofCa2an,Tuersky,Vgorsky,Permisky,Vad- 
 
 sky, Bulgaria, ano manp otljcrs, lo?b anb great bukeof tlje ioto ccittntrepe of Nouogrod.Cher- 
 
 nigosky,Reiansky,Polotsky,Raftow,Ycraflaue,BeaIolera,Owdorsky,Condinsky, anb all 
 
 Siberland,greatcommanoerofallticji5ojtljparts,uijbofLeifland,anbmanpotljerj15ojtl)toarb, 
 Sotttljtoarb anb SUettbjarb, 
 
 pffijtti as our filler Elizabeth bp tlje grace of ©ooSlueene of ©iglanb, f ranee anb 3ve!aiib, 
 befenbtr of tlje faitlj, Ijatlj tuu'ttcn bnto bs Ijcr letters fo? rjcr merchants, toho hath maoc fute tljac 
 toe ffjottlo grant our gootmeffc to the merchants toljicvj arc of one Companp , anb gitte tljem free 
 leaueto come to traffikc in ourkingoome to Colmogro , anototlje countrcp of D wina , anb to 
 our great citie of Mofcouia, anb to all tlje cities in our oomtnions , ano tljo?otu our countrep to 
 
 Bog"har,tO Per(ia,Casbin,anbCharday,anb to all Other COtmtrepS. 
 
 i ffiTle lohn Vafiiiwich Cmperour anb great cuke of all R uifia (fo? our filler Elizabeths fake, 
 Siucene of ^nglsnb) Ijaue giuen anb granteo to tbeCngliuj merchants, tljt<Souernours, Cdu- 
 fuls, affifiantSffclloujip, fir Wil .Garrard IKnigljt, Rowland Haiwatd 9il0erman, loh.Tham- 
 worth 4Efquire,lohn Riuersaiberman,Henry Beecher aiberman,«LonfulS : Sir Wil.Cheflcc 
 Knigljt, Edward Iackman Sllberman, Lionel Ducket SllDtrman, Edward Gilbert, Laurence 
 Hufe.FrancisWalfingham, Clement ThrogmortonJohnQuarles, Nicholas Wheeler, Tho- 
 masBanifterjlohnHarrifonjFrancisBurnham^nthonyGamage.lohnSomerSjRichardVVil- 
 kinfon,loh.Sparke,RichardBarne,RobertWoolman,ThomasBro\vne,ThomasSmirh,Tho- 
 m3sAllen,Thom3sMore,WilliamBully,RichardYong,Thomas Atkinfon,aiTiiTt!nts:Iohn 
 Meri"h€fquite,GeofreyDucket,FrancisRobinfbn,MatthewField,^aIltljerrlioft!jeircom= 
 
 panp anb feUolBfijip , anb to their fuccellburs anb oeputics , to come ttith fi;ips anb other uefTclss 
 
 into 
 
The hmp.priuiledge. Traffiques,anclDifcoueries. 7,yp 
 
 tntoourioaiimp,atCo!niogorod,.$Dvuna,anDtoalUbc jftojtbpaitsnoto being curs, c? that 
 Ijcrcaftcr (ball at anp time be mourpofremon,hpfca,riuecojlanij,euen to our great Cittcof Mo(- 
 co^nfliUljetotoucsot'our^ountrep^oCazananDArtracanjtoiNoucgorod the great, to Plci- 
 ko 5 Leifland.Vriagorod, to Name, atVO alt Otljer tOtotiCS of Leifland. 2 ant) to pafTc tbtouglj 
 our lano to Boghar , Perfia ,Casbin , Charday, anooiljerCountrcpes: ano toijcrefoeucr tljcp 
 come there to be ano abtoc frcclp,ano to barter ano bargatnc frcclp all toares of fale,toitIjOttt cu« 
 Come of all pcoplc,ano Sparcljants Grangers tobatfocuer. 
 
 ano if fr be tbcp biing anp fine toares out of €nctlanoe,o?anp other Countrcp from Bog. 
 har, Perfia,Casbin , o? from anp other place# thofe tljcic toares that come bp the toap of Name, 
 0? anp other part into our Dominion, to bjtng the fame marcs into.our treafure, ano our £rca* 
 furcrs to wcto the famctoarcs,anD to take into our "Exeafurieofttjefamcfuchasirjalbe neeofttll 
 foi us.atm all fitch toares as toe thai not nceo,our CljanccIIour to reoelitter $ fame:ano after the 
 Dtcto of ourCbaiiccIlottr5,to barter it frcclp to inborn tbcp totll , not felling anp of their marcs 
 ncetiful fo;tl)3,bcfojc our CljanccIIour Ijatte feene tljcfame.ano all other groffeanobeaup toares 
 that mall be necofull to our ufe.not being brought to Mofco,to Declare $ tell our Cbanrcllottr of 
 tlje fame marcs : anoto giuc a note thereof b\> name,ano boto much thep Icaue tbcre,not bmughc 
 to Mofco : ano then if toenccoe not tijc Cain mares,t!je (Engliffj 2(3arcbantS,tbcir feruants $ JFac* 
 to?s,tocomu:pthcirtoatcs thenccretftoapto Vftiug tlje great, miofatoColmogorod,ejelfe* 
 inhere at their pleafurc,tljcrcto barter aim fell tbcfame.Tfktt thofc toares that fijalbc necofull fo? 
 our Sreafurie,tljcp mail not bioe from ns in anp uk. 
 
 9nu toljcn our Cbaunccllours fljall feno our aDuenturctotrlj the fain sparchantso? tljeir jf ac= 
 tojvhev tD ta ^ e ottrarmctuures toitbtljem,anDtofel!,ij to banerfoj fuchmarcs asfhalbe meete 
 fo? our Sreafuric, ano to returne it into our 'SCrcaftirie. , 
 
 9no rnhen me (ball fence anp aoucnture into Cnglano then our Cbaunccllottr to gutc ttjem a 
 pecres teaming, that tljcrr fijips map be pjotiioeD thereafter, tljac bp taking it: of our mares, thep 
 Icaue not their olimc bchino therm 
 
 Sim to take our aouenturepcerelptohJn tbcp gee imcPerfia, 
 
 ^cither fljall the Cngliuj marchants rcceiueoj colour anp of our peoples gooos, no? barter 
 no j fell it m anp mife: liketoife our people not to barter foj the Capo Cugltfb marchants oj occtt- 
 ppfojthem. 
 
 z ano toben tbcp (ball come into our €mpire of Cafan ano Aflracan, ami otrjcr places of our 
 Domime.ns,thenour Captaincsof Cafan aim Aftracan,anoour autbofifeopcople,qtttctlp to let 
 them paffc, not taking anp toll j cttflomc of their mares ,no? once to make fearcb thereof, 
 
 ano tobentoe fljal feno no abttentuce toitIjtbmi,pcttofttrfertbcm frcelp to paffenot bietoing 
 tbeirtoares, no? taking anp ktnDe of cutfomc. ano tohatfoeuer C:igl;fb marcljant toill bargaiuc 
 toitij our sparchants 0? factors mare fa> mare to barter tbc fame at their pleafttre, 
 
 9no toliatfocttrr their 20arcbant 0? JF actors mill fell tbeir toares at thtir Ijoufe at Mofco, 
 tohicbljoufc 3! grantco them at S.Maxims at tbeMofco.thcp to fcl thetoareto ourpeoplceidjec 
 Grangers as thep map bcit utter it.kcepmg mitljin their houfe, ar{bines,meafurts, ano toatgbts 
 bnocrfcales, 
 
 4 aOe bauc granteo them tlje faioe Ijoufe at S. Maxims in the balfe free, antj toitfjout ftanoiug 
 rent, as heretofore toe bio graunt it the faio ^nglitb eparchants, fir Wil .Garrard.ano the Com* 
 panp, maintapning in tlje faio houfe cite boufekcrper a Rufle, ano cmo Ruffe feruants,of fome of 
 their otone countrep men, aim none other Ruffes befiocs the afofefapoe. 9nb tlje fain houfekec^ 
 pers that fhalliue at tljeir houfe toitb tlje Cngliflj marchantSjiicitbcr to bup no? fcl anp toares fo? 
 them,but that the faio marcbants themfclucs 0? their facto?s,ujall bupjelljaim barter their otone 
 toares: ano our Mofcouie marchants not to take the fato Cnglithmens toares to fell them in otic 
 totoncs.no? to bup anp toares foftl)em,neitljertf)cCngIiujmarcbant to colour anp Ruffes toares 
 atanptotone. 
 
 ? ano tohatfoeucrCnglilb marchant toill fell bis toares at Colmcgorod, D wyna,Vologda, 
 Yeraflaue,Caftran,Noiiogorodtl;elotocr,Cafan,Aftracan,Nouogrodtbe great, Vopsko,tlje 
 Narue, Vnagorod, 0? at anp otber totoncs, tbcp to fcl tbeir toares tjjere at their pleafure: ano of 
 all toares aftoellof ot'ocr cottntreis as of RuiTia,no officer 0? otberto take anp cutlome , neitljec 
 in anp place to ftap tljem in anp toifc , ncitljer take anp kinoe of toll of tljem fo? tbeir toares 
 tohatfotuer. 
 
 6 9no tohatfocuer marcljant lljall bargatne 0? bup anp toares of Cuglifh marcbants: 3Ebe faio 
 RufTe not to returne thofc toares upon the marchants bancs againe,but togiueteaopmonepfo? 
 the fato toares.otbertoife tbcp to craue the 31uflicc to giue riejht,ant> 1 crecutc tlje lame bpon tlje 
 fame toitb all erpeoitton, 9nu toljen tl;e Cnglitb marcbanrs j factojs fhal trauaiie from Mof- 
 couie 
 
}8o 
 
 fl<Pj,cl)o(V» 
 
 fioc. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Tbe Emp.primledge. 
 
 cou k after t8e oitpatclj ot tljnr mates ano Dulmeu'e,tljen to tijeto tljcmlelues unto ouc Ojancel= 
 lours, luljntfocuer toares of theirs flball goe from Moice, t^jcp not to fijcto tbe fame toares to anp 
 our officers^? pap no cullomeno? toll in anp place, 
 
 7 3if it fo happen the Cnglifij marcbams ljatteanpto?acke,anotf;cftjippcs bebjougljttoanp 
 po?t of out Domittions,toe to commanD tlje fata gooos to be enquireo aim fought ouc , ano to be 
 giueti to tlje Cnglifij mercljanrs,bcing here abicing at tljat time in out Couiurcp, tlje facto?0,fer= 
 ttants,o? ncputtes.of tljeCompanp afo?cfapD,to totjomiue baue grantee tbis out grattous letter. 
 
 3no tf tljere happen none of tlje Cngliflj mcrcbants^ticto^fcruants,!;? Deputies to be in our 
 Countreis at fuel) time.tben toe toil all tlje fain poos to be fought out aim befiotoco in fome con-- 
 
 tjenietit placejano tofjen anp of tlje Companp afo^to?ittcn 3 b?inpjing tijefeottr Uttcrs,Q)aH come 
 fo? tljetr gooos, toe to commano ttjct'r gooos to be refio?eB "onto them. 
 
 8 Liketoife toee baue gratmteo leaue to tlje Cngliflj merchants, tbeir ©ouernours.Conruls, 
 anD affiftantS Jiamelp, fa William Garrard knigijt, Rowland Hay ward,anB to tbeCompante, 
 to btltioe IjOtlfcS at Vologda, Colmogro , ailD tlje feafiDe, at Iuangorod , at Cherell, antj in all 
 other places of our Dominions , as fijall be necDcfull fo? tljcic trace, 9no tljep to kecpe at ttje 
 faio Ijoufc one boufekeeper,a Ruffe ,ano ttoo o? tb?ee men to keepetljcit toares actrje faioljoufes, 
 
 making faletbereof to tobomtljeptoill,tbcp,tljcirjFacto?sojtjeputirs: tlje faioljoufckeEper not 
 tobupo?fellfojtljcm. 
 
 9 9lfo tocljatte giuen ano grauntcD totlje Cnglifij Spercbants, trjctefeottfe tobicb tfjep Ijatiebp 
 our goooneffe at S. Maximes in tlje Zenopski, ano other tljeic Ijoufes in trje totont of Zenopski, 
 maoc fo? tlje better aflitrance of tbeir gooos,ano all fucb as tljep (ball fet up Ijereaftcr fijal be of tlje 
 ||Opreffini, ano toill make tbcmknotoentoaUchemofOpreffini. 
 
 io Sno tobereas bpourgooDnrstoeljauegratmteDtbcma&opeboufcat v 1ogda,te'ngfarre 
 from tlje Cnglifl) Merchants Ijoufc ,noto tec baue giuen tljem to builo aljoufc fc? tljat bfe Iiptrje 
 faio Cngliflj Ijoufc, ano baue giuen ano gratmteo tbcm (of our goooneffe) groumi, one btmojetlj 
 ano fotirefco?e faoomc long, ano fiftte faoomes in bjeaotb.acco joing to tbeir otone rcqttelL. 
 
 1 1 9lfo,toctjauc of our goooneKe giuen ano gtaunteo to thcCngliuj ^ercljants,Uaucto bup 
 tbem a Ijoufe at Wkhida, ano tljf re to fcatcb out mines of p?on,3no tobere tbep thai Ijapptlp fino 
 it, tljere to fct up boufesfo? tlje making of tlje fame p?on : ano to make tlje fame,of our goooneffe 
 ijauc graanteo tljcm toooos,6ue o? fire miles compaffe about tbe fapo Ijoufe^to tlje making of tbe 
 fapo p?on, ano not to erceerje tljefe bounos anD.iimits : 9no toljere tbep fijall cut tije fapoe toooo, 
 not to fet bp anp billageo?farme tljere, banging tbe artificers fo? making of tbeir p?on,outof 
 tljetr otoneCountrcp, ano to Icarneour people tbat acte, ano fo freelpoccuppingtbe faiop?onin 
 tbefeourDoimmons,trantpo?ting alfo of tbe fame borne into Cng!anDe,aliotoing fo? eucrp 
 pounu one dingo,o? balfe penie, 
 
 1 2 9n6ifanpof tbe faiBp?onfijalbeneeDfuHfb?oiirtoo?kes,thentoctotakeof the fafop?on to 
 our too?ke,upon agreement of p?ice, paping monep out of our Strcafuric fo? tbe fame:3no toben 
 tlje faio Cnglifij S^etcljants o? jf acco?s fijal feno tljetr otone people out of our Sealmc into tbeic 
 Countrep,cuer lano tlj?ougb anp Countrep tobatfocuer,freelp to feno tljefamc toitb our too?os, 
 
 1 5 9lfo,toe of our goooneffe Ijaue graunteo, tljat if anpman niifufc tlje faiD Cnglifij .tljejFac' 
 ro?s o? feruants , o? tbe faioe Cngliflj 9@ercbancs, tljcir 4facto?s o? fcruants abufc anp otber at 
 Mofcouie,o? anp otber out totones toljatfocuer toitbtn our Dominions in traoe of fi^arcljanoife 
 oi otbertoife, tbcntbcp toljaue bp^igbtiufiireinallfucbmattersofourcotmiailetbcOpreffini 
 toitbotttalllcto?oelapj'Butifour3iufticcmapnotagreecbcpattie0 J tbcnlotstobcmaDe,anDto 
 toljofc lotte it fijall fall, to bint tbe rigljt to be giuen, ano tbat onlp our counfaile at Mofcouie,anD 
 none of our Captaincs.o? autljo?ifeo people, oj officers in anp otber our totones,gitte iuogement 
 upon tlje faiD Cngltuj S^crcbants fo? anp tljtng. 
 
 14 9lfo ,if anp firangcr fijall Ijaue mat tcr of controuerfie toitb anp Cnglifij spcrcbnnt, jfacto? 0? 
 feruant, abioing toitbin tbefe ourSealmes, 0? contraritotfe anp Cnglifij S©crcljant, .facto? 0? 
 fcruant.againtt anp otber Granger, in alltbofecaufes our Counfaile of tbe Opreffini , to gitie 
 tljcm 3ufttce,ano to make an agreement $ eno bettocene tbe parties, toitboutall tjelap: Inn 
 none to oealetljerein.faue our Counfaile of tbe OpreiTini. 15 9no if anp man Ijaue action a= 
 gainft anp Cnglifij Spercbant being abfcnt,tl;at tben in Ijis abfencc it fiiaibe latoful fo? anp otber 
 C nglifijman at Ijis affignation to anftoere bis caufe, 
 
 1 6 3if anp Cngltfijman happen to be toounoco 0? beaten to Bentb,o? anp Ruffe 0? ttranger flame 
 0? beaten, 1 7 ©? anp flollen gooos to be fount in tbefaio CngliCb boufcs,tbcn curCounfellers 
 to cattfe tbe gttilcie petfons to be fought out, ano to doc right ano 3lufiicc in tlje cattfe.anD tbe par- 
 tie that is guilcic,if hcocferuepunifijnicntjto beco?recteo acco?Dinglp after his offencciUljatclje 
 fain Cnglifij gpercbants,facto?gano fetuant,futtame tberebp noljinoerancco? Damr ge, 
 
 1 3 a«j 
 
Tbe Smp . prwdege. Traifiques, <3e Diicou eries . 381 
 
 1 8 8nD toljatfocuer ($n0ti) 9^arcbanr,jTattoj,feruant,o? oi putic,uy.lbt- gfetne or anp fault, 
 
 Deferumg out oifylcaCuce^tljcu our£ounfellers to cattfe tbe guilttcpart x io%oz imor rfucrt't'3, 
 
 anDtljeirgaoD^tobcfealcDanDhciJtjtiimllourpleafurebefuttlKrixnotucn^TOBoucCDUtifaile 
 
 to eramine tljeir offence , ano to to report it unto us, tfeat toe map commajw tobac (ball be Done 
 
 tbctein.anonanc orfjetto be nrrctteoo^ljaue tljeirgooos fealeD,tobicb are Hotguilticoft!jatof= 
 
 fence.noi to Hap 0? appjcljeno tfjcm inanp of ouc Dominions fo? tljc fame* 
 
 • 19 3!f anp Ciiglii-i) Sparcljant, jTacto? 0} fcruant ffjall offenD, it iijalbe latofull foj tljctc agent 
 
 to ooe iuflice upon tlje faio part:c,oj to fcno Ijim borne into <£nglauo at bis pleafure, 
 
 20 3]f anp €nglifljSparcljanr,ffactojo?feruam,baue lent ojbcreafccr ujall lenoe monepto 
 
 anp of ottrpeople.oj creoitctbcm mitb toarcs, ano fo Depart into anp fojreigne Councrep , 0} 
 
 Die bcfo?e tlje Debt be Due to be papoe, tljenour people anD Sparcbantsto papc tbefopoe Dcut, 
 
 to tobom focuer (hall be appointee to tlje fapo rcome oj rtjarge, ano tbe fnine ©npjlift Sparcljant, 
 
 factoj.o? ferttant, to tying l)is billof Debt to otir Counfell, to fbcine tljem toljat ta cue, ano tohat 
 
 monep is otoing tljem fo? anp toares: ano tljtts to oae trtiIp,not aDO'.ng anp toljic to tljc Debt , ano 
 
 our Counfel to commano tfjc Debt to be DifcljargeDUnto tljc iJEngltuj Sfj)arcljant,factaj,o j feruatit, 
 
 tuttljout Ddap. 
 
 2 1 Sna toljatfoetter <£nglt(Ij S0arcbant (hall be arreGeD fo; Debt , tben our Counfdl to tern- 
 
 matvo tbe pattie Unoer arreft to beoelt'ueren to t!;e 8gcnc : ano if be Ijauc no fuercie, to bmoc tlje 
 
 9genc toitljbim,foj tbe better fojee of tlje bono, 
 
 3nD if anp i£nglifljman be etwebteD, toe totlLtlje Crcnito? net to caff Ijim in p vlon ,o? to Dcl:« 
 iter bumo tbe ©ergeant,left tlje officer lofeljitn.but to take mare in patone of tlje Debt, 
 22 Slfo of our ojoounes.toe Ijaue granteD tlje Cnglifb ^arcljants to feno ouc CommiiTicn to all 
 our f^otoues,£aptaincs,anD autljoiifeD men, toneftnoe an» gacoe tlje faio S^arcljants from all 
 tbeeues,robbers, anD euill Difpofeo perfone, 
 
 a 3 3f in comming oj going to ano fro our Donu'm'ons.tbe 9E>arcbants,tbc facto*s,o? fcrusnts be 
 fpoplen on tljc fca.our Counlell fljall fuio ottr letters, ano toi!l tbem to be tbugbt out, anD tobcre 
 tbep ujall finoe tlje gooos,caufe tt to be reCojcn againe,anD tbe offenoer to be puniujeDjaccoiDiug 
 toourcommantjcment. 
 
 24 91fo of our gooDnes.toe Ijaue granteD tlje faioc SBerrbants to take up lookers , packers, 
 iffiTapcra, ano fttcb like labourers, as ujall be neeeefuU ft } tljem , paptng foj tljeir bier as tlje la; 
 tourers ano tbep iball agree, 
 
 aj aiteliketoifeofcurgooDnes.battelicenfcDtbeCnglilljSparcbantsfnottr^CotoncSofMof- 
 co,Nouogorodtbegrcat,anDPlcsko,tbattl;effiomerBoftbc&iD€;oUJttesfi)al[«!CUDollers, 
 arm coine monep fojtljcm,tottljoutcuflome,al!otoingfo?coaleg,anDotbecneceiTarics,toitb tlje 
 toojkemanu>p, 
 
 .26 aifoofo,urgooDnes,toebauegrant£Dtotf)efapD(£ngU!T)S!5eccbants,totakepoite bojfe st 
 uccDfuIl times, leaning toitb our officers a note boto manp ttjep take, aun not elfe, m no cafe bm= 
 nering 0? Dimintiljing our treafurie. 
 
 27 aifo fo? oar fltfer 3D.ticcne Elizabeths fake ; toe of ottr goobnes batte granteD to tlje mercljants 
 toitl)intoittten,t!jtsour lctter,anD to tljeir f«ccefib?s,tbat no Cn'glifljman.no? anp otljer Granger, 
 
 Come toltljOUt tbe ©tteCltesleaue to Colmogorodc.tlje titter of Vob , Vaiiagy , Pechora , Co- 
 la, Mezena, Pechingo, Zeleuetskyes JflailD, tljetitterofShams, no? to no Ot'oer batten of 
 Dwina,no?toanppartoftbenojtbrtDeofDwina,upljctbcrtoarDofWardhou(e, to anp batten, 
 toitb fbippe, T5uiTe,o? anpotljer uetftlljHojto occupie iu anp kino of toaics,bttt onlp tljc faio ffin* 
 glitl) companie, ano tbeir fucceKb?s,to tobom toe of our gooDnesljauc granteD tlispjiuileoge, 
 a8 aifb tfjat no <£ngliflj fl^eccljant,toitbout t jje flDueenes leaue , ujall come toitij anp toares, to 
 
 tljcNarue, O} Vriogorod. 
 
 29 9nDtobatfocuer€ngliaj^crcbant,aranger,ojotber,ofrubatroeuerCoutttrepbcbe,ujall 
 come toitb anp ujippe,T3utfc,o? anp otljec uelfel,to anp of tbe faio bauens,of tlje nojtlj fine, to anp 
 part of Dwina.bpjSojtb tljeNarue, o? Vriogorod , tottbouttljeaQttecnesleaneojknotolcDgr,. 
 not being of tlje comvanp aboue tojittcn, toe to app?ebence anD take tlje fame ucfTcll from tljofe 
 Ctangers ano g^j rcbants.tbc one Ijalfe to us tlje (£mpcrour,anD great Duke,anD tlje ott/et Ijalfe 
 to tbe companp of ffinglifb Spercljants. 
 
 30 3lfo of ottr goaones toe baue granteD tbe faio companp of Cnglifl) mercljants, tbat no Cng» 
 lilbmercbantso? firangcrs ujallpaffe tb?ougb our Dominions, to Bofjhar, Perfia, Casbin, 
 Charday,o?otber Countreps, faueonelp tlje companp of Cngliftj mercbants,anD outotoue 
 meflengets. 
 
 3 1 aifo toljatrocuet €ngliujman, comming out of Cnglanoo? anp otber Countrep.into ouroo= 
 minions, toitljout tlje duecnes leaue s anD knotoleoge, not beingoftljefapD companp, to?ittfa 
 
 toitbttt 
 
# 
 
 TheEnglifti Voyages, The Smp.priuilege. 
 
 njitljtu tbofe our letcers,rmnD,anB purpofe,to abioe in our realme, contrarp to ibe Siueenes totll 
 ano pleaCure,o? anp tea? abufe ljimfelfe,tlje 9gent (ball frrelp feno Ijim borne, to tbe Hueene ijis 
 sg>oucraia;ne: tobtclj if tbe agent of Ijtmfelfc be tonable to co,let Ijim p?ap fo? apo of tlje captames 
 ano officers of our totones tljerebcing, ano fo fcnc Ijim to p ?ifon, ano toill tbe fapo captaines not 
 to binoer tlje fapo 9gent from fencing bome fucb euill pcrfons into «EngIano, 
 
 32 SJnoifanp mantoitbin ourcountrep runneatoap to anp other tctone 0? place, tljeCnglilft 
 mrrcljants ano factours, to banc free libertie to appjeljeno bim, ano tahe tljeir gooes from Ijim a-- 
 gaine. 
 
 33 9nD as fo^OUtpjiuilegegiuentO Thomas GIouer,Ra!feRutter,CHriftophcrBennct,IohQ 
 
 Chappell, anc tbeir aoberents, toe baue commanceo tbe fame p?tuilcges to be taken from tbem, 
 
 34 afotoeofoutgooDneiTebauegranteDtbefapBcompanpofCngUnjmetcbantS^tbeirfuccef' 
 fours/eruancs ano DeputteB.tbat Doe 0? fijall rcmaine at Mofco, 0? elfctobere toitbin our Domini* 
 our. frertv to hcepe tljeir otone lato; ano in anp toife none of outs to fo ice tbem to our iato j faitfj 
 againtt tbeir toill. 
 
 Slgojeouer, befiocs anc tottb tlje companp oFCngliffj merchants, toe permit aUGrangers, to 
 trace to our totone of Narue,iuanogorod,f otber our tonmes of Liefland,as tbep baue Done bc-- 
 fojetime. ©iuen from tlje beginning of tljetoojlD 7077^ tlje monetljofatme 2o,3inctction 12, 
 tbe pcreof our lojofljip anb reign 3 5,ano ofourCmpireofRufland 23,Cazan i7,Aftracan 1 j. 
 
 Other lpeciall grants by his Maiefties priuate letters at the fute of 
 M.Ravdolfe AmbafTadour. 
 
 RCleafemewt out of pjifon of Fkzherbert , tljat toas acctifcD fo? touting of letters againft tbe 
 €mperour, 
 
 Libertp giuen to Thomas Greene tbac teas accufeaanc troubleo bpon futpttionoflnsDea< 
 ling toitlj tlje 9mbatTaDour,anD licence giuen to bim to trafficfee as be toas accufiomeo, 
 
 Andrew Atherton anobisfurcties releafeo at tlje Name ano !jis feruant at tbe Mofco , that 
 lucre in trouble fo; fencing tbe mercbants letters into tfnglano. 
 
 9 letter gcanteo to Thomas Southam to tbe Corniced , fo? tuffice againll tljem that Bole tbe 
 penrles. 
 
 i^is g^aieUies fnuo? pjomifen to tlje Artificers, ano liuings to be appointee tljem as tljep tan 
 bcttDtferue, 
 
 9 letter to tbe mercbants tbattoent into Perfia , topaffe freelp toitljout impeachment in Ijis 
 Dominions.as alfoletters of fauour to the great Shaugh of Perfia. 
 
 9 grant bnto tbe companp tljat at toljat time focuer tljep feno to tlje Difrottc rp of Catay a, tbep 
 fljalbe iicenceo to repaire bnto tbis countrcp, ano Ijaue fucfj conoucts anD pices, mariners, befc 
 fels,men anobictuals as tbep tballftanc innecc of, 
 
 3tisalfop?omtfeD bp KnezAlfanas, ano Peter Gregoriwich in tlje Cmpcrours name, tljat 
 ifBenec Butler 0? anp i^ngliuj man complaine, Deface, binDerintuapoftraffif!eo?otl]ertoifego 
 about tooifcrecit tlje too?ff)ipfull companp,ano tbeir Doings, that tberein tfcep (ball not be Ijearc, 
 ano tlje Doers"to be puniffjeD, as in fucb cafes tljep fljalbe iuogeb to Ijaue DeferueD. 
 
 Certaine perfons grantee to be fent borne into Cngiano that feruec tbe companp , ano toere 
 p?actifers againfl tljem in tljat countrcp. 
 
 A Commiflion giuen by vs Tlwmas <%andolfe Anibafladour for the 
 Queenes Maieftic in Rufia, and ThornasBanniBer^c. vnto IamesBajfendiae y 
 James Woodeocke and Richard Browns, the which Bajfendine, Wooicocke> and2fra»wwe 
 appoint ioyntly together, and aiders, the one of them to the other, in a voyage of difco-, 
 uery to be made (by the grace ofGod) by them,for fearching of the fea,and border of the 
 coaft, from the riuer Pechora, tothe Eaftwards, as hereafter followcth Anno 1 588. The 
 firttefAuguft. 
 
 Nprimis,torjen pour bark toitlj all furniture is reacp,pou (ball at tljebegin* 
 1 ningoftbepere (auooneaspoupolTtblpmap) make pour repaire to tlje <£a= 
 frerne part of tbe riuer Pechora, tobere is an 3jHanD ralleo Dolgoieue, ano 
 'from tbence pou (hall patte to theCafftoarDsalongtt bptlje ©eacoatt of 
 iHugorie, o?tbemaineIanD of Pechora, anD failing alongtt bp tlje fame 
 ,coa(t,pou(ballpaffetottljinfcttcn leagues of tbe 3IfianDVaigats,h;rjtcbistn 
 ) cbeflraigbt, almofthaffetoapfrom t j, e m $ of Hugorie , bnto tlje coaffof 
 
 Noua 
 
M. %andolfs commiflwn. Traffiques,<3t Difcouenes. 383 
 
 Noua Zembla , tohtcb 3!flanD Vaigats anD Noua Zcmbla poll (ball finoenou'D in pour plat, 
 tbcrcfo je pou fl)all not ncco to Difcaucr it : butp?occcDonaIow$athecoattofHugory, totoarDS 
 the riuer Obba. 
 
 ^here is a T5ap bcttoeene the fapo Vaigats , ano the riuer Obba , that Doth bite to the §>outh= 
 toa*DS, into the lano of Hu gory, in.tobtch15aparcttoafmallriuers,tbeoiiecalleDCaraReca, c«a»ea. 
 the otrjcr Naramfy , as in the paper of notes tohtch arc giuen to pou heretotth map appear e : in tlje Naramfi r ( «, 
 tobicbTSap pou fijall not neco to fpeno anp time fo?fearchmgofic, but to Direct pour rottrfeio 
 tlje rinet 6b (if othertoifepou be not confftaincD to kcepe alongfftbc ffjo?e) anD tohenpou come 
 to tlje riuer Ob pou fijall not enter into it , but paffe oucc unto the Salternc part of the mouth of 
 the fapo riuer. 
 
 9nu ttljen pou are at tlje Caff erne part of the mouth of Obba Reca, pott fijall from thence paffe 
 to the Catttoaros.alongft bp tbe bo?ocr of the fapo coaft,Dcfcribing the fame in fiich perfect o?oee 
 as pou can bed do it, gou fijall not leaue the fapo coaff o? bo?Der of the fans, but palTe alonajff bp 
 it, at leafi in fight of the fame, toitillpouhauefaileDbpitfo farretotheCafltoarDs, ano the time 
 of the prere fo farrc fpent, that pou soe thtnke it time fo? pou to ret ttrne with pour barfcc to flxLtuu 
 ter, tohicb trauell map Well be 3 00 } 400 leagues to tlje Cafitoaros of tlje Ob, if the g>ca Doe 
 reach fofarre«3 our hope isi it Dotlj : but anD ifpoufinoe not tlje fain coaftauDfcatotrenDfo&rre 
 to tlje CaffBoarss.pet pou fijall not leaue the coaff at anp time, but p?oceeD alonojff bp it,as it troth 
 iie.lcatimg no part of it tnifearcl)C&,oj fet ne,bnlcu"e it be fome bap,o? riuer,that pou Doe-ccrtcinip 
 knoto bp the repo?t of thepcople,th:it pou fijall finDe in tbofe bo?Ders, 0? els feme certcine tokens 
 tobcrcbppcuofpourftlucsmapiuogeiitobcfo, tfo? our hope is that the faiobo?Dcr of lano anD 
 fea Doth in ujo?t fpaccaftcr pctt paffe the Ob,inr line Cnff,aitD fo to tlje !§>outbtoarDs, SinD tbcte* 
 foje toe tooulo hatte no part of tlje lano of pour ffarrcboojo fioe, as pou pjoceco in pour Difcoticrp, 
 to be left bnoifcouereo. 
 
 15tit ano if the Caio bo?Dcr of lano Do not incline fo to tlje CafftoarDS as toe pjefuppofc it , but 
 that it Doep?auetoinclmeanDCrcnDtothr j3o?thtoarog, atiDfoiopnetoitlj Noua Zembla, ma- 
 king tlje fea from Vaigats to tlje Cafltoarcs but a bap : pet toe toill that pott do kcepe along!! bp 
 tbe faio coaff , ano fo tying bs ccrtaine report of tljat fo ?me ano maner of the fame bap, 
 
 3nD if it Doe fo p?oue to be a bap, ano tljat pan baue paffeD rouno about the feme, anD fo tp the 
 trenbtngoftlje lano come backctotto that part ofNoua Zembla that is againff Vaigats, to!jerc» 
 as pou map from tljat fee the faiD JflanD Vaigats , if tlje time of the pcerc toill permit pou , pen 
 fijall from thence paffe alongtt bpthe faiobo?Der ano coaff of Noua Zembla to the ilOeff toai'DS, 
 anD fo to fearchto!jetl;cr that part of Noua Zembla Doe iopne toith tlje lanDthst fir Hugh Wil- 
 loughbie oifcoucreo in anno y 3 , anD is in 7 2 Degrees, ajiD from that part of Noua Zembla 120 
 leagues to tbe 03cirtoarDS, as pour plat Doetlj tyeto it unto pou t anD if pou oocfinDe thftlann to 
 iopne toith Noua Zembla, toben pou come to it, pou (hall p?occcD further along the fame coaff. if 
 the time of the pere toill permit it, anD tljat pou Doe tbinke there toill befufficienttime fo? pott to 
 returne backe toitbpottr barke to IQintet cither at Pechora 0? in Ruffia , at pour Dtfcrctton : 
 fo? toerefer the fame to pour gooD iuQgcments,trtiffttig that pou toill lofe no time, tljat mapfttr= 
 therpottrknotofetgeinthtgbopagc. 
 
 Jftote pou,ic toas the 20 if Suguff, 5<5perthe Serchthrift began torcturnebacke from hctDifc 
 couerie, to ffOintcrin Ruffia, ano then the came from the UftaiD Vaigats, being fo?riblp D?iticit 
 from thence toith an Cafferlp toince anD pcc.nno fo fije came into tlje titter D wina.ano arrttiiD at 
 Colmogrotlje 1 1 of September, 56, JftljepreljaD not bene fo much tbatprrc as ittoas in tlje 
 ^freights, un both Goes ofthe31ffaitD Vaigats, tbcpintbefaiopinneffetooulo that peerehaue 
 DtfcottercD the parts that pou are notofent to feckettohicb thing (ifitbaDpleafcDtSoD) mitjht 
 Ijaue bene Done t!;en : but o3od hath referucD it fo? fome other. 2SthichDifcouerie, if it map be 
 maoe bp pott.it fijall not ottlp p?oue profitable bnto pou,but it toill alfo purcbafe perpetuallfame 
 ano renommc both to pou anD our countrcp, 3nb thus not Doubting of pottrtoillingDcfires, ano 
 fo?toaroneffe totoaros tlje faine,toe p?ap ©od to bleffe pou toitij a luckp begtnning,f jtunate fuc- 
 ceue, ano happtlp to cnD the fame, amen, 
 
 NeccfTarie notes to be obferued , anej followed in your difcoue- 
 rie, as hereafter followcth. •' '■' . 
 
 E?cn sour barke toitij all furniture ano neceffancs fijall be in reaDinelTe fo? pou to De- 
 part to tbefca (if it be tljat poutakc pour barke at s§>« Nicholas^? anp part of Dwina 
 Reca) pott fijall from thence , eucn as ttmelp in the fp?ing as the )>tc toill pcrmttpou, 
 faile, $ make all erpeoition that map be, toito the mouth of the riucr Pechora (as pout 
 
 coinmiffioi! 
 
 V I 
 
 1 HI H,l 
 

 384 TheEnglifh Voyages, M. %andolfs commifiion. 
 
 commiffion Dotl) leaoe pou) anti aispou yaffe lip tbecoali all a!ongfl(notli)it!)ttanDti] j t^c plat tljat 
 fijctoEtt) pou ttje Defcription of the faiD coau\from D wina bnto Vaigats) pet pou fball ff eke bp all 
 the meatus tljat pou can, to amenD the fame plat, bfing as manp obferuations,as poupoffiblp can 
 00 : ant> tijeCc notea foliotoing are to be obferueo bp pou pjincipallp. 
 
 1 tf ittt.tbat pouflo obferue the latituoe as often.ano in as manp places as poumap pofftblp 
 50 tt.itoting dtligentlp the place ttbere pou uofo obferue tbe fame. 
 
 2 Ma that pou Doe Diligentlp fet toith pour compaffe , horn the lartti Doth lie from pointto 
 point, allalongttas pougoe, anotobfe pour iuogments horn farrettere map be bcttoeeneccjj 
 of cfjem* 
 
 5 3Itew,tbatpouDoaItoapesbfetoti?ab)rbepppo?tton,anDbttmo;oftl)eIanD ) aftoentrjeIp' 
 ins out of tbe points, ami beaDlanDs , bnto tbe mbich pou (ball giue fome apt names (at pour Dif* 
 cretion) asalfothe fonne of tbeTBapes, ano to make fome markemDjatomgthc fo?me,ano bo?« 
 net of the fame, tohere tbe high cltffcs are, ano torjere lorn lano is, whether fanop hilles, 0? tohat* 
 foeuer : omit not to note aup thing that map be fen&ble ano apparantto pou, which mapfcrue to 
 anp purpofe. • 
 
 4 Snpam'ng along bp anp coau\that pou kecpe pour leaD goingoftcn times.ano founoat tbe 
 leaft once etterp glalfe, auo oftener if pou tljinke gooD as occatton Doth feme, ano note Dilfgcntlp 
 tbe oeptb luitb tbemanec of thegrouno, ano at etierp time, bote farre tlje fame dunning map be 
 from tbe nert (bo?e to it : ano hoio the nert pointoj heaDlano ootlj bcare from pou, aim in tlje fea 
 after pou fct off frompourpojt, pouujallo?oer!pattbecnoof euerpfoureglalfesfouno, ano if 
 pou finoe grouno, note tlje oeptb ano tubat grouno , but if pou can finoe no gtounD, pou (ball alfo 
 note in what Depth pou coulo fino no grouno, 
 
 5 aifo that pou do Diligentlp obferue tbe flowing,? ebbing in etterp place,ant> bom the tfoes. 
 do fet, which map the flooa oetb come, ano bote mttcij Water it Doth bigb in cuerp placc,ano Wbat 
 fbjee thefame tioe bath to ojiue a flrp inanhoure, asnecre as pcu cm iuege it. 
 
 6 alfotbatpouDoefccfeetaobferuetoitbthctiirirumentDJijfcbSDtliucrpouherctoitb, ac» 
 cojoing as 31 taught pou at Role JiflanOvtbe trueplaifo?mcs, ano Diftanccs,tn as manp places as 
 tonucnientlp pou map,fo ? it feruetb berp aptfp pourpurpofe, 
 
 7 aifo tljat pou take witb-pou paper ano pnke , ano kecpe a eontmuall tournall ? remembe* 
 ranee Dap bv oap.of all fuclj things as (ball fall out too?tb tlje knotooleoge.not forgetting 0? omit* 
 ting to iBjtte it,anD note it.tljat it map be fheweo anD reaD at pour returne, 
 
 8 Cbefc joers if pou fballDtligcntlp obfcrue.tt mill be eafie fo j pou to make a plat ano per* 
 feet Defcription of pour oifcouerp, ano fbfbail pour notes befufftcientto anCwcrc that Which is 
 lookeo fo? at pour Ijanos, TBttt withal! pou map not fo?get to note as manp things as pou can 
 learne ano imOerflanD bp tbe report of anp people tobatfoeuer tliep be , fo that it appectaine sag 
 toaptoouroettres. anotljustbeLojoiSoDpjxitperpourbopage. 9men. 
 
 Certain e letters in verfc,written by Mafter George Turberutle out of 
 Mofcouia, which went as Secretarie thither with Mafter ThtKRandolph , her 
 
 MaieliiesAmbaiTadourtotheEmperour 1568, to certcine friends of his m London , de- 
 ferring the maners of the Countrey and people. 
 
 To his ejpeciall friend MaJlerEdward Dancie. 
 
 MP Dancie oeare, tobcn 3 recount mtthtn mptyctt, 
 g^p London frienDs,anD toontcD mates,ano tljeeabouc the r«C: 
 31 feelea thoufano fitsof oeepe ano'Deaoip woe, 
 Co tht'ube that 31 from lanD to fea.ftom bliffc to bale did go, 
 31 left mp natiue fotle, full lifee a r etcblefTe man, 
 9nD bnacquainteo of the coafi , among the Kuffes ran : 
 a people pairing ruoe,to bices bileinclinoe, 
 iTolke fit to be of Ba« h us traine.fo quafftng is their Mnoe, 
 Dnnbe is their mfjole De(tre,tlje pot is all their p;iDe, 
 Che fob jefl heao Both once a Dap ttanD neeofull of a guibe, 
 3If he to banket biD his frtenDs,be mill not fbimfce 
 ffi n them at Dinner to beQab) a dou? en kinoes of Djt'nke : • 
 
 Smch licour as tljep haue,ano as the countrep gtues, 
 ■But cbteflp tbio,one calico Kuas,mherebp tlje Mou fike liues- 
 §»mall mare ano materlike,but fonum^at tart in tafie, 
 
In'HI 
 
 M>Cj.Turberuile. Traflic[ues,& Difcoueries, 385 
 
 ■ ■ — — ■ ■ ■ !■ m mttmmlmmmmmmmm — » 
 
 bereft is Mead of bonie maDe,toberetoitb their lips cbep batte. 
 anaif begoebntobis neighbour ass aguett, 
 lj)e caves fo? litle meatc, if fa his Djinke be of the bett ♦ 
 #2o toontier though t^ev Dfe fitch bile arm beafllp trace, 
 <§>ttlj itoicb tlje hatchet ano the han^tbeir cbiefett goo? be maoe, 
 Cbcir Sboless bane their hearts, on i£od tbep neuer call, 
 CMetfe it be(NicholaBough)tbat bangs againuMjetoall, 
 Che boufe that bath no goo,o? painteD ^aint toicbin, ' 
 3|snatto bcrcfo?teDto, tbatroofeisfullof fume, 
 UcftDcc their pjtuate goDs,inopen places Qanb 
 Cbeir croCTess bnto tobicb tbep croocbc,anD bleffe themfelties toitfc feanD* 
 Dcuoutlp botone tfjrp Dttcke, toitb fojebeao to the grounb, 
 (Mas nettermoje Deceit irtragges, ano greatie garments fottntr*. 
 aimoittljemeanertmfinm all the cotmcreprioes, 
 * Che tooman eke.agatnff our bfe.ber trotting hojfebeflriDes* 
 3|n ftmDjp colour* tbep both men ano toomen goe, 
 31 11 bufkins all, tbat monep Ijnuc on bufkins to beHoe, 
 <£cb tooman banging bath a ting toitbiu bee eare, 
 CQbicb all of ancienc bfe, ano fomeof berp p?ioe ooe toeare, 
 Cb eir gate is tocrp In atie.tbeir countenance totfe ano faooe, 
 aim pet tbep folloto flcfblp lufles,tbeir trace of liuing baooe* 
 31 1 is no flwme at all accomptcD tone file 
 anotbecs beoDe, thep make no care their follies to coneile, 
 3Js not the meaneft man in all the lanb but bee, 
 Co bup her painteb colours ooetb alloto his toife a fee, 
 JXElbetctoith the oeckea her feIfe,ano Dies her tatonie f ftinne, 
 ^hepjanks ann paints her fmoaftie face,bothb?oU),%cb,eeke,ftl)inne 4 
 I>ea tboTe that boned are, if anp fuel; there bee 
 iKditbm tije lano, Doebfethe like: amanmap platnelp fee 
 {Upon fome toomens cheekes the painting boto it lies, 
 3inplaiflcc fo?t,fo? that too tbicke her face tbebarlot Dies. 
 15 itc fuch as f kilfull are, ano cunning Dames inDeeoe, 
 IBpDapIp pjaceife boeit toell.peafure the? ooe ercetne» 
 Cbep lap theiccolours fo,as hethat is mil toife, 
 S0ap eaflp be Deceitt'D therein, if he ooe trull his cpes. 
 31 not a little mufe'.tohat maoneflc makes them paint 
 Cbeir faces, toaping hoto tbep keepe tljettooue bp meere confiratnt, 
 jfo? felDometohen, bnlcffe on Church o? marriage Dap 
 2 man (ball fee ebcDamesi abjoaDe,that are of bettarap. 
 Che Ruffe meancs to reape the pjofitof her p?toe, 
 3nD fo be mctoes fjee to be fure.l&e Ipe bp no mans Coe. 
 ChusmucbjfrienDDaiicie.SlDiDmeanetotojitetotbec, 
 Co let thee toe t tc in Ruffia iano,tobat men ano toomen her. 
 hereafter 31 perhaps of other things toilltojtte 
 Co tbee,anD otijer of mp frienDs,tobich 31 (hall tee toitb figfjt: 
 ami other ffuffe beGDes,tobicb true repojc ffiall tell, 
 S^eanc tobile 31 enDe mp louing lines , anD biD thee noto faretoeH* 
 
 To Spencer. 
 
 I if 31 UwiId noto fo£gec,oj not remember thee, 
 Cbou Spencer might'ii a foule rebuke,anD ftjame impute to mee, 
 JFoji 31 to open ftjeto did loue theenaffingtoell, 
 3nD thou toett he at parture, tohome 31 loatbDe to biD faretoell. 
 anD as 31 toenctfep frienD,fo 3! continue ttill, 
 Ji5o better pwofe thou canft then this Deure of trucgooDtoill, 
 31 ooe remember toelltohen neecessi Eboulo atoap, 
 9nD that the Ipcfle tooulo licence ds, no longer time to Sap? 
 Chott tojongft me bp the fifl,ann holning faS mp bamr, 
 DioS craue of me to fenD t&eenetoeSj ano (joto 3 likco tl;e lanft. 
 
$6 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, A/.(^. Turberuile* 
 
 3!cfs a fanoie foile.nooerpfruitfullbaine, 
 
 Spoje toade ana uioocoic grotmos t Ijcrc are,tljen clofcs fit foj grain? t 
 
 5?ct graine t^ere gtotoing is, tobiclj t(iep bntimelp take, 
 
 3na cut 02 eare tbe coine be ripe,tbep motoe it on a dacie. 
 
 9hd laptng ujcafe lip fijeafe,tbeir ijatucQ To tljcp Dip, 
 
 C tjep make clje greater bade, fo 2 feare tfje ft oil tlje cojne ocdrop, 
 
 jf o j in t be to in t cc t tin e, fo glar ie is t be grcttno, 
 
 3si nettrjer grau~e,noi otljer graine,in padureS map be founD, 
 
 31 n corns tfje catteiltben.tbe fbeepe.tbe colt,tbe cotoe, 
 
 jf afl lip ijts beo tbe i©otofike then a loDgtng sot!) adotoe, 
 
 SH bom be toitb fbooec fc cos ,ano tjoluss as Deere as life: 
 
 3 no tljus tljcp to ear e tbe to in t c r tuitljcljc Spotofike ana b is totff ♦ 
 
 <§>cuen mouths tbe aninter outes,tbe glare it is fo great, 
 
 Sis it is spap before be turne, bis gtoun&to fotoe bis toheate* 
 
 'She books eke trjat oiebnburieo lie tfjep t be n , 
 
 tain Dp in coffins mane of 6rre,as tocll t be p 002c if men, 
 
 9s tbofe of greater date : tbe caufe is Iigbtip founo, 
 
 jf o 1 1 bat in maimer time,tbep cannot come to Intake the gtouno, 
 
 9no toooa fo plenteous is.quite tbjougbout all tbe lano, 
 
 3s rtcb,ano poo 2e,at time of ocatb aduro of coffins dano. 
 
 perhaps tbou mufefl mttcbJjoto tljis map dano toit b r eafon, 
 
 Chat bodies a caa canbncoirupt abioe fo long a feafon, 
 
 •Sake tbis fo? certainetrotbe, as foone as beate is gone, 
 
 VLbe foice of coloe tbe boop bines as bato as anp Cone, 
 
 SUitbout offence at all to anp luting thing: 
 
 3no fo t bep Ipe in perfect da t e,ttll n er t returne of §-p jing, 
 
 Cbeir beads be like to ours,as farre as 31 can fee 
 
 jf o 2 fljape,ana fbctocbut fomctobat leffc of bulkc ,ano bone tbcp b(, 
 
 SDf toatriflj tad e, tbe flefij not firme, like €ngli(b beefe, 
 
 3no pet it fern's tbem berp toell, ano is a good releefe: 
 
 Sbeir fbeepe are oerp fmafl, fljarpe GngleD,banDfull long, 
 
 ©reac Sojc of fotole on fea ano lano, tbe maoiifb rccacs among* 
 
 She greatnes of tbe do je ooetb make tbe piices leflc, 
 
 15 c ftacs in all c be lano tijep knoto not bob) gooo meate to auiTe, 
 
 Cbep bfe neitfaer b^oacb no; ipit, but mben tbe done tbepbeate, 
 
 C bep put t betr bictualg in a pan, ano fo tbep bake their meate* 
 
 33o pctoter to be baa, no aitljcs but of toooo, 
 
 jf5o ofe of trencbers, cups cut out of btrcbe are berp goon* 
 
 Cbcp of e but to ooacn fpoones, tohicb banging in a cafe 
 
 €a cfje J^otofike at Ijts girole ties,ano tbinkes it no oifgraie « 
 
 Klitb toljitles ttoo oi tinee, tfjc better man tbe moe, 
 
 Cfjc cbtcfcfi Ruffies tn tbe lano , toitb fpoone ano kniucs Dec got * 
 
 Sbeir boufes arc not buge of builDing, but thep fap, 
 
 She p plant tbem in tbe !of .ictt grouno, to ujift tbe fnoto auiap, 
 
 GUbtcb in tbe. Ktint er time,eacl;e tobere full t bicke do tb lie: 
 
 ffinijtcb makes tbem baue tlje mo?e Deftre^to fct tbetr boufes ^te« 
 
 jfto ttone tooike is tn ofe, tbeir roofes of rafters bee, 
 
 ffine Iinkeo in anotber faff ,tbeir toals are all of tree* 
 
 ©fmaCs botlj long, ano large, toitb mode put in bettoeene, 
 
 So keepe tbe foice of toeatber out,3I neuer eard Ijaue feene 
 
 SgroiTcoeuifefogooD, ano on tbe roofe tbep lap 
 
 Cbc bttrt be n barke, to rio tbe raine,ano fuaaen (Ijoto ?es atoap. 
 
 3ln cuerp roome a doue,to feme tbe GUinter turne, 
 
 ©f toooo tbep baue fufficient do?e, as mucft as tbep can burne, 
 
 Cbep baue nqCngliuj gIaffe,of dices of a rocke 
 
 IDigbt sluda tbep tbeir toinootoes make, tbat €ngltu) glade ootlj mockr t 
 
 %\>tp cut it berp tbinne, ano foto it toitb a tb?eo 
 
 Stnpietic ozoer like to panes, to ferae tbeir pjefent neeo* 
 
 |2o otfjcr glade, gcoo faitb Dotb giue a better It'gbt: 
 
 3no 
 
 ■ 
 
M.q.Turberuile. TrafHques,& Difcoueries, 
 
 ano fure tlje rocke is notl;tn5 ricl;,tl)e cott t0 Deep aijdt, 
 
 Cl;e ctjiefeft place is tbat,tobere bangs tbegoDbpit, 
 
 ZX)t oumer of ebeboufcbimfelfeDotlj neuer fit, 
 
 Slnlcffe {)•:? better come,to tobom Ije pealos tbe Teat: 
 
 CIjc Sraugcr benm'ng to tbe goo,tbe groumj toitb bjoto muff beat, 
 
 ana i\\ tijnt beep place toljiclj thep mott facrco oeeme, 
 
 ^Ije ftranger lies : a token tbat Ijtfgttefi booth elleeme. 
 
 JUberc be 10 toont to baue a beares fkinne fo } bis bee, 
 
 ano mafijin fleas of ptUoto,clap tjis faDDle to bf sheafl, 
 
 3|n Rulfiaotbcr fljift there is not to be Ijati, 
 
 jroj toljerc tlje bencing is not goob,tbe boalffers are but ban, 
 
 3muifco»ccpmuc|i,tobatmacetbemfo to lie, 
 
 SdvA) in tljcir countrep Dotone is rife,ano feathers ont of crier 
 
 ainleffe it be becaufe the countrep is fo Ijaro, 
 
 "S^ep feare bp nicciteffe of a beo trjeir botries toouto be maw, 
 
 31 toifiit rljee oft toitb bs, faue tljac 31 Boon in feare 
 
 ■Siiou uioulott battc loathe t> to baue Iapu tbp limmeis bpon a beare, 
 
 3 s 35 auo Stafford did, that toasmp mate in bent 
 
 3tio pet (we tbankc tlje (Son of Ijeauen) toe botfrrigbt toeHrjane fpro, 
 
 Loe thus 31 make an CHOe t none otljer netoes to tbee, 
 
 OS ut that tlje countrep is too coloe, the people beaBlpbee« 
 
 3i tojitcnot all 31 knotojtoucb but here anothere, 
 
 jfoj if3! moulD,nn;pennetooutopincb,ano eke offcnDjJ feare. 
 
 ?Sl)o fo (ball reao this berfe, coniecture of tberefl, 
 
 3nD tbinkc bp reafcu of our trace, that 31 do ttjtnbe tbe bell, 
 
 •23ut if no traffsqttetoere.tljen coulo 31 hololp pen 
 
 ®bcban>!icfleoftljefoile,antj eke tbemanersofthemerr, 
 
 ■S^ep fsp t!je ILions pato giues iuDgement of tlje bead: 
 
 auo fo map pou neeme of tlje great, bp reading of chelea&\ 
 
 ToTarker. 
 
 Mv Parker, paper , pen, ano inke toere maue to toiif t, 
 2 in Me Ijeaos , tbat little do, batte letfure to intiite: 
 €JLtljcrcfa?e,rcfpeceing tljefe^ntj thine aflttreuloue, 
 3f 31 tooulo to?ite no netoes to thee.tbott migbt'ff mp pen repjoue. 
 ano fitljcnce fortune thus Ijatlj ujou'd mp ujippeon (bo?e: 
 ano maoe me feekc another Itolmetotfeene of me before: 
 Cljc matters of tlje men3 purpofe tooeclare, 
 ano other p jtuate point? befioes,toljicb Orange ano gea^on are. 
 ^eRufliemenarerounoofbooteSjfullpfacTj, 
 <Ebe great eflpart toitb bellies! bigge tbatouerbang tbe toaffe, 
 jflatbeaoeo tbttbe mou\ toitb faces notbingfaire, 
 15ut b?otone,bp reafonof tlje fioue,at«j clofenefleoftrje aire: 
 3 1 i 3 1 h cir common of e to (Ijaue oj els to (beare 
 Cbeir Ijeaos/o} none in all tbe lanti long lolling Iocksootb toeare, 
 JMeffe perljaps be baue bis fouereigne p?ince Ditplcafo, 
 jFo? tljcn be neuer cuts bis baire, uncill be be appeafo, 
 9 cercaine figne toknototobo inoifpleafurebe, 
 Jfoj etiecp man tbat sietoes bis Ijeao.toillfap, ioe trjt'0 islje* 
 ano During allt'ne time be lets bis locks to groto, 
 Dares no man fo? bis life to Ijim a face of frienoujip fijoto, 
 "ebeir garments be notgap,no?banDfometotbe epe, 
 a cap aloft tljcir beaostljep ljaue,tbat ttanoetbDerp bie, 
 aObicb Coipack tljep do terme. Cljep toeare no ruffes at all: 
 •Ebe befi baue rollers fct toitlj peacle, toljicb tbep Rubafca call, 
 ^beirfcircs in Rufsielong,tbeph)o?ketbemootone before, 
 3na an tbe Recites toitb colouteo §>tlks,ttoo incbesgooo ano mojf, 
 aioft tbeir fijirts tbep toeare a garment iacket toife 
 ^igljt Onoriadka, ano about Iji? burlie toalte Ije tpeet 
 
 387 
 
 %i$ 
 
388 The Engiifh Voyages, QeorgeTurberuile* 
 
 $)ispojtkies,frbich in tteabof better bjeecljes be: 
 
 © flinnen clot!) tljat garment is, no cobpicce is to fee* 
 
 a paire of patnen Hocks to kcepc tt>e colo e atoap, 
 
 IZ\ i t Ijm his boots tlje Ruffie to earec,tljc Ijcclcs thep bnoerlap 
 
 ulUtb clouting clampsof flcele^fljatpepomteDattlje toes, 
 
 ami ouer all a Mnbs, furo,ann thus the Ruflle goes, 
 
 ScJcllbutneb is the ^tjuUe,accoj;5irig to Ijis date, 
 
 &omc&iIke,of&tlucr other fome:buttljofeofpoo?etf rate 
 
 D to ear e no g>bttbs at all,but grofler go tones to fight, 
 
 Chat reacljetb notone beneath tbe calfe,ann tljat Armacha bight: 
 
 ^Ijcfe ate UjeRuiTics robes, Cljericljettbfc torioe 
 
 jfrom place to placets feruant rttnnes,an f olloto es bp bis fine, 
 
 Cbc Caflackc bcares his felt, to f jce atoap tbe caine: 
 
 Cheir bjiolcS are not berp bjaue, their fabDlcsarc but plains 
 
 3$o bits but fnaffles alI,of birch their fannies be, 
 
 £©ucb faOnoiteo like tbeScottifli feates,bjoao flakes to kecpetbe knee 
 
 Jfrom ffreating of tbe bo jfe,tbe pannels larger farre 
 
 3no bjtoaoct be then ours,thep bfe ihojt flirrups foj tbe totirre? 
 
 jf oj tohen the Ruflic is pur fuen bp cruel foe, 
 
 lipe nbes atoap.ano fuooenlp betakes him to his boe, 
 
 2no beiiosmc but about infantile as befits, 
 
 3no t bcrctott ball amins his race his following foe Ije hits, 
 
 Cheir botoes are berp ujojt, like Turkie botoes outright, 
 
 ©f Gnotocs mane frith birchen barke,in cunning mancr night. 
 
 <§>mall ar r otocs,cr ucl heaos , that fell ann fo;keo bee, 
 
 Caijtcb being (got from out tljofe b toes,a cruel toap mill See, 
 
 Chep felnome ble to Qjootheir hojfe, bnlefle thep rioe 
 
 3i u pott bpon the frozen flottbg, t ben caufe thep (ball not dine, 
 
 i)c fets a fienner calke, ann fo be rices W fr ap. 
 
 Che bo ifcs of tbe countrep go goon fourefco jc bcrfis a nap, 
 
 Snn all toitbout the fpurre, once pjicke them ann thep fkippe, 
 
 3i3ut goe not fojtoam on their frap,the Rufliehatb his tobtppe 
 
 Co rappe htm on the r ibbes.f 0? though all boo t eo bee, 
 
 Pet (hall pou not a paire of fpurres in all the countrep fee, 
 
 Che common game is chefle,almofl tbe Gmplctt mill 
 
 15oth giuc a cbecke ann eke a mate,bppjactife comes their fkill, 
 
 9gaine tbep nice as faff, tbcpoojefl rogues of all 
 
 ©Hill fit tljem ootone in open fielo,ann there to gaming fall. 
 
 Cbeir nice are berp fmall.in fafhion like to tbofe 
 
 Slthiclj toe boe b fe,hc takes them bp,ann oucr thumbe he tb jotocjs 
 
 .tSotujakingtljematoljitjthepcattfufpictouflp, 
 
 Sinn pet 31 neeme them bopn of art that nicing moff applp. 
 
 3t plap frhen S>iluer lacks, goes fannIe,bo?fe ann all, 
 
 9nn eche thing els toojth^tmer toalkes, although tbe pn'ceuefmall, 
 
 TSzcmte thou Iouell to plap frienn Parker other frhile, 
 
 31 frith thee there tbe frearp nap frith nicing to beguile. 
 
 15 ut thou freart better farre at home,3l to ift it toell, 
 
 3nn froulnefibe loath among fuch loto ts fo long a time to Bfr elf, 
 
 Chen iunge of bs thp frienns,tohat kinne of life freban, 
 
 Chat neere the frozen pole to toatte our fr earp napes fr ere gtan, 
 
 3fn fuch a fauage (bile, tohere Iafr es no beare no ffr ap, 
 
 But all is at the king hts frill, to faue 0; els to flap. 
 
 Sinn that fans caufe,<$on to ot,if fo bis minne be fuch, 
 
 "Bat frhat meane 31 frith Kings to neale*: toe ought no Saints to toucfc 
 
 Concetue the reft pour felfe,ann neeme frhat liues tbep lean, 
 
 SBbereluttis iafre, annS>ubtectsliueconttnuallptnn;ean. 
 
 9no frbcre the bed eftatcs haue none auurance goon 
 
 SDf lanns,of liues,no j nothing falles bnto the nert of Moon. 
 
 Butallof cufiome ooethbnto the pointer enofrqe, 
 
Laurence Chapman, Traffiques,and Dilcoueries. 3 8p 
 
 Slno all tfce indole rcuenue comes onto the JSing bis ctolune, 
 
 cSooo faitlj 31 fee tljce mufe at tolju 31 tell tbec nolo, 
 
 25uc true it isf.no cbotce.bttt all at ponces plcafure boto. 
 
 &oTarquinerulCDRonieaStbouremcmb?C3toCll, 
 
 gnu mljat bis fortune tea? at Iafi,3I knoto tbp felfc cantf tell. 
 
 £Obere toill in Common locale ootlj beare tbe onelp fwap, 
 
 9nD lull ts Latuc.tbc pnnce ano Kealme muff nceos in time oecap, 
 
 'USht ttrangenefle of tljc place is fuel) fo? funojp tljings 31 fee, 
 
 9s if 31 tooulDcii cannot tujiteecb pjtuate point to tbec. 
 
 %\)t coloe is racCjttjc pf ople ruoe : tbe prince fo full of piioe, 
 
 <£be IRealme fo fla?ea fcntlj Sponfts ano nunncSjano p jicas on euctp Goe? 
 
 iHje matters are fo Turkie lifce, tlj* men fo full of guile, 
 
 Wat momentuanton^emplesfluft toritlj tools tbat Defile 
 
 Clje @>eats tbat facreo ottgbt to be, tbecttttomes arc fo quaint, 
 
 as if 3 tooulo oefcribc tbe ii)bolc,31 fcirc mp pen fewulo faint, 
 
 3ln fumme,3l fap 31 neuer fan) a p j tnce tbat footo raigne, 
 
 |5o?pcoplefobefettuitl)5§)stnts,petallbutbileanDbame. -• 
 
 23Jiioelrifhareas ctmll a5 tlje Ruflles in ttjeit fcinoe, 
 
 Uparo ebot'ee tobtc^ is tljebtfiof botlj.ecl) blooop.rttDe anoblinoe, 
 
 31f tljoubec toife,as tmfet&cu arcana toilt be rulo bp me, 
 
 itue Hill at bomc,ano couet not tbofc barbarous coafts to fee. 
 
 39o gooo befalles aman tbat feefes, ano finoes no better place, 
 
 315o cittill cutromrs tobclearnD.toljcre 6oo beffolues no grace, 
 
 Sno truelp ill tbep Do oefcrtte to be belou'o of i6od, 
 
 'Ojatneitljer loue no? If ano in aiacof Ijts affureD roo: 
 
 SJlbicb thouglj be long, pet plagues at laft tlje bile anobeafilp fo?t 
 
 ©f BnfuBiutgbW, tbat all inuice oa place tbetr cbiefeftfpo?t, 
 
 AdieufrtEnoPaiker,tftbOUliC ) tOlmoUitl,'eRuflestoeU, 
 
 ■E.oSigifmundusbooherepairCjtobaalltbetruetbcar-tcU: 
 5Fo? be long ear tt in meffage lnent unto tbat fauage Sing, 
 :§>ctttbp tlje Pole, ano true report mecljrefpcctDiDb?tnp> 
 %a bim 31 recommeno mp felfe,to eafe mp pennc of paine, 
 &no note at latt do unuj tbee UKll,ano bio fareiuell againe. 
 
 The fourth voyage into lV/w } made by M. sf/tbur Edwards Agent, 
 
 lohn Sparked Laurence Chapman fihrisfopker Faucet find Richard P ingle, in the 
 yeerc I y 6 8. declared in this letter written from Casbtn in Perfiiz bvtheforefaideL<J»- 
 renee Chapman to a worfhipfull merchant of the companie ot Ityffiam London. Anno 
 Domini i 569. Aprill 28. 
 
 " ffl?fljipfullfir,mpoiietieatli)ape0 remembjeo, ano pourp?ofperousbealtb,ano 
 gooD fucretfein all pour affaires lmfljeo, to tbe glo?p of <©oo, aitDpourotone 
 beartgocftre,$c. fl^ap it pleafe pott to bnoerflfliio tbat pour 4gettt M.Arthur 
 Edwards ano lite OepartfD from Yeraflaue in Siulp 1568, ano tbe 1 4»of 3u- ^Mr arrfttAl 
 guff arriticD atour you ralleo Bilbil, tottb pour fljip tbecSrace of (Sod, ano tbe "S,a' H ' 
 gooos in bcr in gooDfafette,©oDbfctban'.UDfojit,finDing tbcre ncttber tbe ijes. 
 people fo reaop to apo bs fo? tlje bunging of bcr in, 9 onlaomg of tbe goQDs,no? pet fo obeoicnt to 
 tbe Sliaughs pjiuilege,as tbe too?{bipfull companp baue bene info?meo.©ur gooos b?ougl)t bpon 
 lano.uie lucre compelleo to open g fel as tfjep toaulo fet tlje pnee ,0 } ottjectoife it tootilo baue bene 
 n)ojfefo?bs. l0eingfofattffieDtotbcirconten£mcnt,lrielnercfp£eDi!paiDeDtoub camels bptl;e 
 pnnceErasbcc Sultan bis appointment, to carrp our gooos to Shamaki.totobicb place toe attat* 
 neo tbe ftrll of 5>eptcmber,finDing it fo tb?ougbIp futntfijeo toJitbfili manet of commoDities ii^ qc ^imce Emt 
 cation of our late comming,ano bp fucb as came before bs,tbat na man tuoulo af fee to bup anp one biC » 
 piece of fearfte of os^ano Irag tben tbe fpace of one tobole monctb before pour 9gent Arthur Ed- 
 wards tooulo otfperfe os ab?oaoe toitb tlje gooDs, fucb as came out of Rufsia aftertoaroes.bao 
 bjougbt tljeir gooos to tbat ano ottjer places.ano fpopleo tbofe faUs luce migbebaue maoe.betng 
 fent abjoaD in time comtenicnt, being no little binoerance to tbe toojujipfull, as alfo great gricfe 
 bnto bs to fee.&o concluoe,tb?busb our Daplp calling bpon bim, be bent bimfclfe foj Casbin,ta« 
 amgtottbbun tbe greatettfummeof tbegcoos, ano ttoo of tlje luojfbtHf uls fcruants, to tuitte, 
 lohn Sparkc ano mp felfe, to b^pe ano pjocure t!;e better fale fo? tbe fame ; ano leautng at Sha- 
 
 £Jk j mak.i 
 
 I 
 
}9o 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Laurence Qbapman. 
 
 ChiKiopner Fau- 
 cet ailO Kicbaitl 
 Pingle. 
 
 HSarre agarntt 
 tlje Portingals 
 fit Otmui. 
 
 AT be goner* 
 
 tlOUtOf Gro. 
 
 3I!ie geiicrall 
 incoiirtancie in 
 the merchants 
 ano scalers of 
 tjjofe ya«s. 
 
 •3Bctcab£bc< 
 
 taccnt tlje Ve- 
 netians ano trie 
 
 Armenians not 
 
 rafiiD to be 
 biohcn. 
 
 maki Chmtophcr t'aucec ano Richard Pnigk ixiitu tij^ec ounojcD anofiftiepiccesofkcnrfieBttt 
 tljeir!jant>es,fuppofeoto be folne tljete oj in Arrafh befo? e bee fijctilo beablcto makeijtsretucne 
 from Casbin,mijtcb,fo farre foojtrj as 3I can onoerftano,lie f o? tbe greareft part tmfoloe, 3no be* 
 in j upon tir toap.at a certaine totone calleo Ardouil.toe cbanceo to barter nine pieces ef fcarfif a 
 mitb tbafe merchants fo? fottrefco?e ano foure bacemans of cpnamom, felling; tlje karfies atone 
 InmtycD ano fiftie ujatngbs tljepiece. 
 
 ano being at that p?efent not farre from Teueris,calIco tlje principal place in tbis cotmtrep fo? 
 bttcrmgof clstb o?fcarfies ,bpmurbmtreatie3i pcrfmaoco pour agent to femuljitbcr top?ooue 
 maatnugljt be Done, ano receiumg from bim foure ano fiftie pieces or fsatfies, as alfo bis commit 
 Confo^tljifalcoftrjefameJp^oceeoeD on tljatbopagcmp felfe, ano one Iolmach incompanp 
 toitijme,fiiiomg in tbat place great fto?e of b?oao cictbanofearfies b?ougbttbitljer,fcmepart bp 
 tlje lurkes tobo be refiocnt tljere.fome bp tbe Armenians,mbo fctcb tljcm at Aleppo,ano fotne h? 
 tlj? totonefmcn,U Ijo trauell onto Venice ano tbere bup tbem, fo tbat no man offeree me one peme 
 mo?e tb:na litmojeo ano fotrrtie fbaiugbsfo? akarfie: anoijauingfpeciall commtffton ano cljarge 
 from pottr agent not to dap tijere aboue tbefpace of feuenoapes after mp arriuall tbere,but to rc- 
 patretoCasbinuntballfpeeo, anofurtbecmo^bauingregatD to tope toptbep?iceoftbetoo?= 
 fljipfuls commooities, acceding to tbeir oefire, 31 founo meanes to barter tbcm atoap fo? fpiccs, 
 fttcb as mere tijere to be bao^teitber in gooBncfleno? pet mp?tccto m? content: neucrtljeletuVon* 
 ftDeringtbccoloefaleBtobicbtoeretberejastocllfcjpourfearileSjaSalfotbebctneniesjtbatOr- 
 muz map teas fijutop bp occafiontljat tbe 3|nDiansoo toarreagaintttbem, vubtcb is trueinoeeo: 
 miD againe tbe oefire tbat tbe mo?ujipfull batb to Ijaue fucb commooitiesbougbt,3I trjougtjt it nc* 
 ccfTarp to bup tbem, tlje p jtces ano tueigbt tobereof appeared) at large bp mp accompt fent to tlje 
 moiujtpftiH.ano is.as 31 tbinfee,tbc lnbole fumme of fpices bough* at tbis time, 
 
 3jt c'janceo me in tbat place to meet miilj tlje goucrnours metcljant of Grozin , tobo teas not 
 a litlc oefirous to bargenmitlj me fo? a b"no?eo pieces of karltes fo? his matter calleo Leuon tic, 
 ano offering me fo gooobanos fo? tlje paiment of tbe monep 0? filfce to tbe merchants cotentmene 
 rpantbeDeliuerpoftbem.asinanpplacetoitbinaUtbiBcoumrepistobeljaDtanDofferingmebe* 
 fines bis oiunc letter in tbe bebalfe of bis malt er,t!jat no cuttome (boulo be oemanoeo fo? tbe fame, 
 ano tbe obtaining alfo at bis mailers bano as largeapjimlcge fo? tbetoo?ujipful to trauel into all 
 parts of bisoominton ; as tbe Shaugh bao giuen tbem, ano bearing gocorepo?t maoe of bim bp tbe 
 Armenians alfo, ano tljatbemas a Chril1ian,3i toasmuctj mo?e tbe milling to bargenmttlj bim, 
 ano folo Ijim a ljuno?co pieces fo? a buno?eo ano tb?cefco?efl)atogbs a piece, to be paio to tbe mcr« 
 cbant in Grozin eitljcr in monep 0? filtte to bis contentment, mitbin tb?ee oapes after tbeoeliue- 
 rie of tljckatfies tbere, Ijauing; abanoofbimmaDebptbeMetropolitancsouMteIjanD,fo?tljeper* 
 fo?mance of tbe fame, mbicb is as fure as anp Ijere is to beocuifeo : ano bpon tbe fame 3 fent mp 
 Tolmach from me bacfec to Shamaki, mitb fuel) gooos as 31 bougbt at Teueris.ano to tbe eno \jce 
 migljt caufetljetoo?ujipfuls feruants tbere to fee tbis bargenaccomplifrjeo. 9ttobofe arriuall 
 tbere, as 31 00 pctceiue,tbe Captame tooulo not accomplifij bis bacgen to take tbem,but faitlj.bee 
 Ijatlj no neeo of tljem: fucb is tbe conftancie of all men in tin's countcep,l»itlj mbomfocuer pou fijal 
 bargen. 3lf tlje mare be bougbt, ano tbep ooe miflike it afteru)aros,tbep toil! b?ing it againe,ano 
 compel peu to ocliuer tbe monep fo? it agatne 3 regatoing tbe Shawghs letters,iubtcb manifefiefb 
 tbe contrarp,as aflrato in trjetoinoe: bp meanes thereof, tbe aJo?0>ipfullmap bnom tobetber all 
 be true tljat batb bene to?ttten of tbis countrep people 0? not* 
 
 3Iaminfo?meDbpaHtbeb?ofcersinTcueris,tbattbettaponce open to Ormuz, fromtobence 
 commed)nofucbflo?coffpicesastbemo?(ijipfullDoctblooltefo?,tbatbereiuillbeeptttatoap!n 
 Teueris,fomefo?monep,ano otljer fomefo? barter , to tlje number of tb?ec buno?eo 0? foure Ijua' 
 o?eo pieces of fearGes.betng in coulcrs ano gooonelTe to tbe cramples bere fent pou,tlje reft of tbe 
 fearfies to make tbem bp a tboufano, ano b?oao clotljc s to tbe fumme of a buno?eo J bee as manp as 
 toill beput aluap pcerelp in tljis cotmtrep , fo farre as pet 3! can perceiue. 
 
 %o bjeafee tbe traoe bettoirt tbe Venetians ano tbe toljole companv of tbe Armenians it is not 
 poffible,bnlclTe tbe nJO?ujipful mill finoe fomemeanes to receiue of tljem perelp to tbe number of 
 1 oo.catters 0? mules laoing,anooeltuer tbem fo? tlje fame one tljiro part monep,tlje reft clotb ano 
 barfies fitteo in coulers meete fo? tbis countrepubc eramples, as abouefaio.arc fent Onto poiu 
 
 3t Amadia fire oapes iournep from Teucris, grom abunoance of galles, tobicb arc b?ougbt bp 
 perelp bp tlje Venetians, ano oe foloe tbere fo? ttoo biftes tlje Teueris bateman, mbicb as pour a« 
 gent bere fattb.maketljfire pouno €nglifb toeigbt,but 31 ooubt it toil not fo be pjoueo.jaeuf rtlje« 
 IclTe it is fuppofeo mucb gooo mill bee Done bp buping of tljcm : tobtcb mtgbt at tbisp?cfent baue 
 partlp bene p?oueo,if fo be tbat fome couIdoo but Ijalfe tbat mbicb batlj bene tu?itten, 
 
 Coucbing o?ugges , 31 fiuoc manp as mell at Teueiis,as alfo in Casbin, but tbe gooonefle no« 
 
 tljing 
 
Laurence Chapman. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 
 
 3Pi 
 
 bapcs jonVmf 
 from €«fbm. 
 
 
 tljtngUfec to fuel; as lie b jouatjt into CnglanDout ofotfjcr places : ^tljcp?tce :sfo{jigl)tljat final 
 game tuill lie&aD inbupingof tljcm : albeit,if 31 haD bene futnifbeD luitbmoncp, as JJj might (jane 
 bene, if feme ujouId, 31 toott'.o Ijfittc bougtjc fomc, to tlje cntic ttjc goooneflTe of tljem might baue 
 bene fcene in CEnglanD, 3t mp comming to Casbin 31 founD no matter of fales of anp commsDitte 
 maoe.but all Iping there tobolcano netotes gitten out (as pour agent faith) that # Shaugh tooulo 
 bup all fuel) ccmmoDities as he haD,anD giue him filke anD fpices fo? thefame : but bp rcpojt t!;e 
 Shaugh neucr tooke cloth into his trcafuric all the Dapes of fjts life, ano mill not noto begin : his 
 tohole trane is in rato filke, tohtch fae fclletl; altoapes fo? moticp to the Armenians anu Curkcs, 
 ano fuch other as bfe to bup it : thus boning of that tohicb is not like to be bab, bee bath D?iucn off 
 the cime.not fmbing to anp other places : bp means tohercof tl;etoo?fl;tpftils gooos Ite bnfolD to 
 this Dap to tljeir great binDerance,toh:ch 31 fo? mp part am not a litle fo?p to fee, 
 
 Babylon is from hence fiftcene oapes iournep.tohereas bp trtte rcpo?t be great ffo?e of Dates, 
 anD folo fo? a bitfe the batman, the commoDitie fit fo? CnglanD, ano the place fo neere bnto bs 
 might eafilp baue bene knotoen, if bee, tohofeoeeDsano fapings Differ much, haobene teillmg to 
 the fame. Caffan alto is but feuen Dapes iourncp fromljrncc,? aplace bp report inhere mo3 flo?e 
 of fpiccs be at all times to be bao,cuer anD abeueanp place in this countrep t it ceulD not be gran- 
 tcDbph:mtobefcenanDp?ooucDatthistimc :if thtsbeloiTetotbeioo?u)ipfull, referreit to the 
 toant of one tobicl; can do that tobicl; be fpcaktth in too?Ds. 
 
 Co traucllin tljts countrep is not onelp nuferablc anD bncomfo?tabIe fo? Iacke of totones ano 
 tillages toh.ubour in toben night commcth,anD to rcftefb men toith tobolcfome bictuais in time 
 of nceD,butalfo fuch fcaiftt:eoftoater,thatfometimetnth?ee Dapes iournep together, is not to 
 be founD anp D?op fit fo? man o? bead to D?inke, befioes the great Danger toe flano in fo? robbing 
 bp thefeinSDels, tobo Doe account it rctmffson of finncs to toafl; their banDsintbeblooDofoncof 
 us. TSetter it is tberefo?e in mine opinion to continue a beggar in <£ngiai;D During life, then to 
 remaine a rich Spcrchattt feuen peereg in this Countrep, as Tome fball tocll 6m> at their ccm= 
 ming hither, 
 
 . T5v commanDcment of the agent alfo 3! toent to Gilan, as tocll to fee tohat rjarbo? toas there 
 fo? pour fijip.as alfo to bneerflano tohat commoDitte is there bee folo, anD fo? tohat cjuantitie, 3i 
 founo the toap from fence fo Dangerous anD troiiblefome,tbat toith mp pen % am not able to note 
 ttbntopou: nomantrauelleth from hence thither, but fuch poo?e people as neeD ccnftraimtl; 
 to bup Eice fo? their reliefc to liue bpon , anD tbep lap not aboue ttocntie batmans bpon a catter, 
 anoitliethno lotoer then the fkirts of thefaDDle,anDbee&apetl;berpl;arDlpthatconmtetb there 
 toith the fame. 
 
 Che totone of Laighon,tol)iclj toas the rhiefeflplace in all tihat IanD,fjatte 3 feen, ano Langro 
 ano Rofar alfo,to!jtcb be noto otterrun bp the Shaugh ano his pott)er,anD be fo fpoileD, f the peo* 
 pleforobbcD, that not one of them is able to bup one karfie , Che bell commoDitie there to bee 
 bought,tsrau3fi!kc,anD is folD in the Summer time fo? 3 8. fijaughs the Laighon batman, teljiclj 
 tslitle aboue 4o.lt.toaigljt,anDfo?reaDpmonep:alfotljereistCi bee haDtobatfio?e of 3lom pott 
 toill.ainj folD there fo? one biffe the Ceueris batman, 
 
 Jntbefe partes be manp Curkie merchants refi5ent,tobicl; giue an outtoaro fl)eto,as trjotigh 
 tljev toerc glaD of our comming hitber,but fecretlp thep be our mo?tall enemies, fcarching bf all 
 meanes to binDcr our fales, becaufe tue ftjoulD tbe fooner guter otter our trace tljitljec, tohicb in 
 p?oce(Te of time 3H;ope totll grotoe to better perfection, Cbeptoifb bs to go to Hallape toith the 
 rctlofourcommoDtticsbnfolD,toherethepfaptoe{hallhaucgooDintertainmentinfpight oftbe 
 great number of Venetians tohicb be there refiDent, anD tlje cuttome but ttoo in the btiuD?eD, ana 
 our karfies to be folo p?efrntlp,haD toe neuer fo manp,fo? ttoclue Duckets,toljich mabetlj of tl;ia 
 monep 1 65,(haughs : but bp fuch as knoto the place,matket anD cuflome,it is repojtcc to bs cre« 
 Diblptotbe contrarp,anD that fuel; karfies as ours be,arenot folDfo? aboue 8.rjuckets tl;ere : the 
 cuflome tbittic in tlje huno?eD ano mo?e,tbat no place in the too?lo is fo toell furniOjeD toith gooa 
 clotl; ano karfies, ano of fo b?atte colour as that place is, fuppofing it to bee craftilp purpofe D of 
 them,to b?tng bs into trouble,tol;ich (Sod Dcfena bs from, 
 
 Che p?tce of fpiccs be thefe,at i hispjefent cnbanfeo bp reafon p toap is fi;ut to Ormus, tohich 
 tohen ©oD Qjal feno open,3l pttrpofe('o3oD uiilling)to fee^ano at mp rcturne to abuertife the too?* 
 Cjtpful tohat benefit is there to be haD in all potnts.fo neere as 31 can Iearne:^eppcr 2 5 . fijaugbs 
 tl;e Ceueris batman: Clcues jo.ftaughs, longpepper 2 j,(haughE, Spaces large 50,fijaughs 
 ©tnger 24.fi;aughs ) reaDpmonrp all,o? elslooke not bpon tl;em.9nD tlje bee fo?t of ratoe filke is 
 folD fo? 6o.(l;att'jbs the Ccueris batman.Chus fo? tosnt of furtljer matter to inlarge,31 enoe fo? 
 tljis time.hefeecljing <$od to p?eferue poa in continuall health. 
 
 By your obedient ikiwzn^LawrenceCbnpmav, 
 
 Notes 
 
 ei.ic malic; of 
 the Cuihill) 
 mccchanta. 
 
 ^rtispiiceof 
 (piece. 
 
391 
 
 The Englifri Voyages, ^Arthur Edwards 2, 
 
 londro. 
 loaooii. 
 
 aits traffifw in 
 
 Notes concerning this fouith voyage into Perfia, begun in the 
 
 montth of Itdy i 5 tf S.gatheredbyM. Richard Willes from themoutb ofMaJier 
 isfrtbhr Ettwi ds,\i\ hich was Agcn: in the lame. 
 
 j5Bgf3S Jjr! ff^ pen Ijecame firC to tbe Sophies pjcfencc,at bis court in Casbin, Ringing faa- 
 "H intcrp?etTrtoitbb;m, ano flawing farreonybe Sophie (fittinr({nafiatroiaU 
 XIW/W/J to ^ a great number of Ins noble men about bim) baohim comc~neere, ano that 
 *\ h\J& fy-foMtil h£ came fo " eer£ fr m tbat he might bane toucbeo bun toitii bis haB, 
 /^/tS*) 3Lben tbefitSuemano.tbat be affteB bim toas.from uhat countrcp be came : be 
 JZJ^ri atifttjereB,that became from CnglanB, ©benaCkeo bee of bisnoblcmen.torja 
 ,knf to anp fuctj countrep': Uut toben Edwards fato that none of them hac anp intelligence of tljat 
 nam. ,henam> Bit Inghiherra,as tlje3Italians call <£ngIanB.'Cben one oftljc noble me fato Lon- 
 dro,meantngtbcrebp LonBo,tohichnameis better knotoen in far countries out of CbjiRencom, 
 tben is thenameof £nglanB.SUbf n Edwardsbeatn bim name Londro IjcfatD tljat tbat toas the 
 name of tbe cljiefe c tie of CnglanB.as toasTeuerisof the cbiefe Citp of Perflate afkeo bjmma< 
 npthinpmo:!e,asoftbereaImeofCnglanD, marueUtngtljatttfljouIobc anjUanB offo great 
 riches ana potocr, as Edwards Declared unto him : of tlje riches yabunaance of our mcrcljanBije 
 Ije further onoetflooo bp ottrtraffike in Mofcouia ano other rowitms, l)t BcmanoeB alfo manp 
 things of tlje Siueencs maieii tc,ano of the cuflomes ano latoes of the realme? Taping oftentimes 
 in his otonc languajCjBara coIla,(tljat is to fap) ©Hell fapB. H?e afkea alfo manp things of htng 
 Philips of bis toars agatnft the iEttcke at Malta. 'Sthcnbe oemanoco of bim tobattoas tlje cbicfe 
 cattfe of his refo?t into bis realme,3no being ccrtifico that it toaa fo? the trace of iiiercljanBi?e,he 
 afkeotohatkinorfmerchanBt^ehecouiobjingtbuher. feucb(fapBbfe)astlje Venetian mer< 
 cijantscojtohtchBUielling in our countrp in tlje citp ufLcndrofcnB to Ocntce,$ from tljence itt* 
 to EttrkiebpHalepo^ Tripoli in Sym,fromtobencc,asbptl)efeconBanBtbirBbanB0,totlj great 
 cbarges of manp cuftoms ano other things tljereunto pertaining, tbep are at tlje lengtlj brought 
 into pourcountrep ano cities of Perfia.<KDtljatmercljar:oi?e are tbofe 1 : fapathe Sophie. Edwards 
 anftoereB,tbat tljep mere great abunoance of fine k riles, o ; bioaB clothes of all fonts ft colours, 
 as fkarlets,»iolcts,anB other of the finett clothof all the too?lD, 3lfo tbat the Venetians brought 
 out of ^nglanonot onelp fucb clothes rea&p maoe.but furthermore great plentp of fine toooll to 
 mingle toitlj their toools,of toljich tbep coulo not otbertoife make fine cloth; affirming tbat there 
 Went out of <£nglano peerlp tljat toaieB,abouc ttoo hunt^eo tljoufanb karfies.anB aS manp b joaB 
 clothes,befioe fine toooll\i other mercbanBt?f,beltDe alfo the great abuneanec ofIikeclothes,tLe 
 toljich tocrc carieb into §>paine,13arbarie,$ Biuers other countries. Ilhe Sophie then afkeo him 
 bp tohat means fuclj merchanBtjemtgbt be bjougfct into Perfia.lRight totl Gr(faiB he)fcptljctnap 
 of Mofcouia.mulj mojic fafetp anB in mucljfbojter time then the Venetians can bjtng t^em : firB 
 from €nglatiB to 5Senice,anD from tljence into Perfia bp the toap of barbie. 9no t!jrrefo?e if it 
 fbal pleafc patir maieflie to grant bs free uaffage into all pour BominionSjtoitb fuch pjiuiloges ad 
 map apuertainc to tlje fafegarB of our liucs,gooDs ano mercbanBi?e, toe toill furniuj pour coun« 
 tries toith all fuch merchanci^e ano otljercommoBitics, inftjojtertime, ano better cheape tljeo 
 poumap ijaue tlje fame at tlje Curks hanBs,?Dhi2 talfee ana much mo?e toas bettocen the Sophie 
 ano Edwards fo? the Ipace of ttoo-bemres: all toljicfj tbings UlteB bmi fo toe 11, tbat flwtlp after 
 Ije granteo to tljefapa Arthur Edwards other p?milcges fo? the traBe of mercbanoije into Perfia, 
 all ton'tten in 2?ure anB golo lettcts,anD Beliuereo bnto the Iojb keeper of tJbe S>opb:e Ijts great 
 feale.^be lo?B keeper toas nameo Coche Cabfay, tobo fapB tljat token tbe Shaugh (tljat is tlje 
 king o) p?ince)BiB fit tofeale anp letters,tbat laft p?ittileBgc ujoulobe fcalcB ? Bi liuerco to Lau- 
 rence Chapman.33n t^is pjiuileoge is one p^incipall article fo? feruants O) merchants : ^bat if 
 tbe 9gent 00 perceiuc that bpon their naugljtie Boings,tljep tooulo become Buformcn, trjat tben 
 tbeSlgenttoberefoeuerbeujallfinoanpfuchferHantojferuaHts, to take thfmanBpattbcm in 
 pjifon.anB no pertbn to keepe tljem o?maintatnethcm,Cljis article toas granteo inrefpect of a 
 ruSfome among tbe ^crfians.being S^aljumetaus.tobofemancr is frienBlp to recciueano toelen* 
 tertaine,botb toitlj gifts ano liuing,all fucb Cb?tllians,aB foifaking tbeir religion, toil become of 
 tbe religion oftbel^ecftans.Sntbmucb that btfo>e this pjiuilcoge toas granteo^bere toas great 
 occaBon of naugljtp feruants to oeceiue anB rob tbeir matters, tb?,t nnotr tlje colour of p^ofelfing 
 tbatreligion,tljepmightliueamongtbemin fuchtafetic, tbatpoumigljt haue no latoc agapnft* 
 tbem, either to puuiftj tljem 0? to recouer pour gooos at their batuis,o) elfctoberc, jf 0? before tbe 
 giopljie (toljom tbep fap to be a maruelous toife ano gracious prince) feentcB to fauour our nati* 
 Du.nnts to grant tljem fuel) pjiuileogcs.tbe people abufcB tbem berp mucb.anB fo IjateB tljcm.tbat 
 the? tooulo not touci) them, but reuileB them, calling tljem Cafars ana Gawats, tobicfais,tnfioeIs 
 
 0? 
 
nArlhur Edveards. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 m 
 
 t} mtfbeIeeuers;But after tbep fato boto greatlp the p?ince fauouren them, tfjep baD tbcm after-- 
 toaro in great reuerence,anD toouto fettle tljeir IjanDs ami bfe them berp frieiiDlp, if oj befoje the? 
 tooto it ftn no to jong to rob tbem,DefrauD them,beare falfe toitnefle agat'nd tbem, ano did) mcr= 
 rfjanoi^es a? tbep b.io faousljto? (blD.mahc them take it againr,anD change it as often as ibera Ii-- 
 ftcD.'Sno if anp Jtianger bp chance bao ktlleo one of them,tbep toouto bane the life of ttoo fo? one 
 flainc, anofo? tlje Debts of anp flrager toottlo take the gooos of anp other of the fame nation,toitlj 
 manp other fuclj like abufcs.in manerbnknotoento tbepjincc, bcfo?e the complaints of our men 
 mane unto him f o > reformation of fuchabufes : tobich toere the caufc that no merchant Grangers 
 of contrarp rcligio ourd c omc into his Dominions toith their commoDities, tohtcb might be great* 
 Ip to the p?ofite of him ano (jis ftibtects. 
 ■ 
 
 The Articles ofthefecondpriuiledge deliueredto Laurence Chap* 
 man, which are to be annexed vnto the former pritiiledge. 
 
 io Sltcnijttjat tlje mcrctjants tjauc ftcc lrbert!f,as in tljeir firff p^'utlcogp, to goc bnco Gilan, 
 ano all otberplaces of bisDominions,noto o? hereafter to^en occafion (ball be gtucn. 
 
 1 1 3!ccm,if bp miffojtune anp of their drips ftotilo b?eake,o? fall upon anp part of his Domini- 
 ons on the fea coad,bis fubiects to belpe uuttj ait fprco to faue the gooDS ano to be oeliuereD to anp 
 of the fapo merchants that liueth: 0} otbcrtoife to be kfpt in fafctie Until anp of tbem come to De» 
 maiuiD them, 
 
 1 2 3item,if anp of the fain merchants Depart this life in anp citie o? totone,o? on the high toap, 
 his gouentours there to fee tljeir gooos fafelp kept, ana to be Dcliuereo to anpothcr of them that 
 IballDemanDtljem. 
 
 i ? 31tem ,the faio merchants to take fuclj camel-men as thep themfclues toil,being countrcp 
 people,anDtbatnoKiffell1i5aujDoIetojbtnDcrtbem« 9nD the faiootoners of the camels to bee 
 bounD to anftoerc them fuclj gooos as tbep fljai receiae at their hanDS,ano tlje camel-men to ff ami 
 to tbeiodes of tljeir camels oi bojfes* 
 
 1 4 atem moje,tbat the fapo Carters do DemaunD no mo?e of them,tl;c n their agreement toas 
 to pap them. 
 
 1 5 jtem mo?e,if thep be at a pjiee toitb anp Carters, | Ijatte gtuen earned, the camel-men to 
 fee tbep keepe their p jomife. 
 
 1 6 atentjtf anp of tljefaio merchants be in feare to trauel, to gitte tlje one o j mo je to go toith 
 them anD fee them in fafetie limb their gooDs,to the place ttjep toill goe unto* 
 
 1 7 3tem,in all places.to fap,in all cities,totones oj billages on tlje high toap, bis fubiects to 
 giue them honed roume,anD bictuals f o? tljeir monep. 
 
 1 8 3itcm,tlje fapo merchants map in anp place, inhere thep (hall thinke befl,btiilD o? bttp anp 
 Ijoufe o? boufes to their o tone bfes. 3no no pcrfon to moled 0} trouble tljem, anD to dano in anp 
 Carauan tobere thep toill,o j djal tbinfee gooD. 
 
 T^e commoDities toljich the merchants map finite bp this trace into IPerfia arc tljougljt to bee 
 grcat,ano map in time perhaps be greater then the pojtugals traae into $ Cad3!iiDies,fo?= 
 afmucb as bp the toap of j^erfiainto CnglanD,tbc returne map be maDe euerp peere once : tohere» 
 as the 13o?tugals make the returne from Calccuc but once in ttoopeeres, bpalong anD Dange* 
 rous boiage all bp fea: fo j toljere as the citteano adanD of Ormus,lping in the gulfc of prrtta, is 
 the mod famous Sparc totone of all Cad anbta.tobitber al p merchanDifesof 3!nDia are brought, 
 the Came map in djojter time anD mo;e fafelp be biottgbt bp IanD ano riuers though lperSa,euen 
 bnto the Cafpian fea,anD from thence bp the countreis of Kttffia oiSpofcouia bp riuers, euen bn* 
 to tljecitieof Yeraflaue.anD from thence bplanD 1 8o,miIes to VologdajanDfrom t^enceagaine 
 allbp toater euen bnto CnglanD, 
 
 'Che mercljanDifestohichbe baooutof "petCafoj tit returne of toares are dike of an fortes 
 ofcolours,botbratoanDto?ought. ( aifo allmaneroffpicfsanDD?ugs,pearles jp?ecious dones, 
 liketoife carpets of Diners fotfes.tottlj Diners other rich mcrcbanoifes , Jt toas tolD me of tbtm 
 that came lad from perda,that there ismo?e dike b^otigbt into fome one citp of 13erda,then is of 
 clotbbtougbt into tlje citp of LonDon.aifotljat one billage of armenianameo Gilgat Doetlj carte 
 peerelp due hunDjeD^anD fbmetime a tljoufanD mules laoen toitbdlke to Halcpoin Soria of Cut* 
 kie,being 4.Dapes iournep from Tripoli.tohere theJHenetians bane their continual! abiDing, ano 
 feno from thence dlks toljiclj thep returne ty Cnglidj karfies-ano otijet: clotljes into aU partes of 
 Cbjiflenomnc, 
 
 The 
 
 Nil Hi 
 
394- 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, ISanitter & Ducket. 
 
 •STJte <ensiIIG) 
 2SatSc aflVmI> 
 
 ftMCitn lip tlje 
 ttagaiait 
 
 Carats. 
 
 The maner how the Chriftians become Buformen , and forfake 
 
 their religion. 
 
 1©aue notcD here bcfo?e tljat if anp Cljjtffian tofl become a Buforman, tfjat t0,one t^at fjatl) foj' 
 Cafecnljis faitb,antj be a Mahumctan of tbeir religion, tbep gtuehim manp gifts, ano fomcttme 
 alfo a liuing.&be maner i3,tbat toben tbe Deuill is entreo into bis beart to fojfake bis faltb,bcre' 
 fojtetb to tbe g>oltmt o? gouetnoj of the totonc, to tobom bee ma&etb p?otettation of bis Diuelifb 
 prpofeXbe gouernour appointed bim a bo?fe,anD one to rioe before Ijtm on anotljer bo?fe, bea« 
 ring a ftoojo in bis (janD ; ano tlje Buforman bearing an arroto in bis banti, ano rioctb in the citt'e, 
 cutting bis fatljer ano motber : anotfcuerafterberettttne to Ijisotone religion, heisgtultteof 
 Bcatb,as is figni&eo bp tbe ftoo?D bojne befojebim.3 pong man,a feruant of one of our mercbats, 
 becaufebetooufa not abioetlje correction of bis matter foj bis faults, toasminDeorofo?fafeebis 
 faitb.15ut (as (Sod tooulo^be fell fuDDenlp fie fee ano DicD,befo je he gatte bimfelfc to tbe Dcufll.jf 
 be bao become a Bufotman.be bao greatlp troubleo tbe mcrcbants:foj if be tooulo tben bauefato 
 tbat balfe tbeir gooosljno bene his,tbep tooulo batte giuen crcDitebntobim. if o? tbe aaoioingof 
 tobicbinconucnicnce,!ttoasgranteDint|)ep?iuileges,tb?.tnoBuforman,fc.estljereappearetb, 
 3!n iperfia in Diners places oren ano ktne bearc ttjc tents ano bouibolo fluffe of tbe poojc men 
 oftb^couirtrcp,tobicbhauenritbercamel3rtojhojfes. 
 
 Of the tree which bearethBombafin cotton,or Goflampine. 
 
 10. Ipcrfin is great abtmoance of Bombafin cotton, & berp finettbts grotoctb on a certatne litle 
 trcco? bjicr,notp.itttbc bctgbt of a manstoadeo? litle mojcitbe tree batb a fienoerffalfeelibe 
 Dntoabiier, ouoacarnation giliifloure, toitb »crp manp bjancbes, bearing on euerpfyancb a 
 fruit ojratber acoo,grotoingtnrounofope,containinginittl)ecotton ; anotobentbts buD o? 
 coocommetb to tbe bignesof a toalnut,it openetb ano Gjetoctb foo?tb tbe cotton, toljtcb grotecth 
 Hill in bigncs tmtill it be like a fleece of toooll as big as a mans fitr,ano begtnnetb to be loofe, ano 
 tben tbcp gather it as it toere tberipe fruite.tlbe feeos of tbefe trees are as bio; as peafon,ano are 
 biacbc,nnDfomelobat9at,anonotrouno : tbep fotoe them in plotoeogrouno, toberethepgroto 
 in tbe fielDs in great abtmoance in manp countries in ]p crfia,aw> eiuets otber regions. 
 
 The writing of the Perfians. 
 
 ARchut Edwards RjetoeD me a letter of clje &opbte, tojitten in tbeir letters backtoarr;, ftib« 
 Open toitb tbe banns botb of tbc §>opb? 9 bis ^ecretarie. Cbe igjopljits fubfeription toas 
 onelp one too?D(bis name J fuppofe toas Shaugh) tujitten in golocn letters bpon reo paper, %i)t 
 tobole letter toas alto tojitten cntljc famepiecc of reo papcr,being long j naroto, about p length 
 of a footc,ano not pad tbjeeincbes bjoaD.^he pjiuate fignet of tbe sSbopbie toas a rounopjinten 
 maifee about tbc bignes of aroial, onelp pjintee upon tbe fame paper toitboutanptoare oj otber 
 fcale,tbe letter feem fo mifljapen ant>Difojoereo,tijac a man tooulo ttjinke it toere fomtobat fcrib* 
 leotnmanerataouefitures. 3»et tbcp fap tbat almofleuerp letter toitbbis p?iefeeo?circttnfl«e 
 fipifietbatoboletoojo.Jnfomucbtbatinapieceofpaperasbigasamaus ^ano tljeir to?ittnp; 
 ooetb containe as murlj as Dee tlj ours almoQin a (beet of paper. 
 
 The fift voiage into Perfia made by M.Thomas Banifter^nd matter 
 Geofrey Tfuckzty-^fgentsfortheiJMofcouiecompanie, begunfrom England in the 
 yecrei j 6 8. and continuing to the yeerc i J 7 4- following. Written by P.I, from the 
 mouth of M. LtcnelTlumtree. 
 
 I \Bo\x tl;e j .oap of 31ulp i y 68.tf;ep embarkea tbemfelues at Yeraflaue, being ac» 
 i compantcD toitb Lionel Plumrree, anD fome i z. Cngliftj men mo?e, in a ISarae 
 caiieDtbe Thomas BonauentureoftbeburDencf7o.tRnnes,tafeing alfo along 
 'toitb tbem of KulTes to tbe number of 40/0 } tbeir bfe anD tmplctments. 3!t fell 
 l outtnt[jetoap,befij?etbepcametoAi : tracanbP4o.m'.lcs ) tbattbeNagaian'S;at< 
 tars, being akino of tvjicttttl) ano cruel people, maDcanaflattUbpontbcm \s\i\) 
 1 S.boates oftbcirs,eacb oftbem being armeD,fbme toitb ftoojos.fome toitIjfpeares,anD fome 0* 
 tbers toitb botoes ano arrotoes.ano tbe toljole number oftbem tbep Difcouereo to be about 300. 
 men. 'Eljep fo? tbeirparts,altbougb tbcp coulD baue totOjeo a quiet uopage ano tournep toitljottt 
 blotocs anDbtolence, pet not toilltng to belpoilcD toitlj fucb 15arbarians as tbep toere, began to 
 
 Dcfcno 
 
"BaniHer^VucI^t. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 395 
 
 Defeno thcmfelues againtt their alTault,bp meanes tobereof auerp terrible $ fierce fight folotoeo 
 • auocontinueDhotf fbarpefo? ttooboures, torjcrein our men fotoel platen tljetr part? toith tljetr 
 caliuets.tbat tljep fo?ceo tlje Tartars to flee toith the loflc of 1 2o.of them, as tljep lucre after* 
 toaros cnfo?meo bp a Etiffc p?ifoner,tobich efcapeo from the Nagaians,anD came to them to A- 
 ftracan, at tobiclj totone tljep amino tlje io*of augutt\ _ 
 
 3« tljts totnue of AUracan tljep toere fomtobat binDcreD of tljetr iournep,anD flaieD tlje fpace of $£gf£ w 
 firetocefces bpreafonof a great armpof yoooo.'&urte ann Tartars toljich came thither bpon 70000.qr.u1** 
 the mitigation of tlje great Curke, hoping either to Ijane furp?tfeo it fuDDcnlp o? bp continuance anB ^ a » aw ' 
 ofnegetotomthefame.l5utinthecnDbpre l tfontljattheii)Jinterapp?ocljeti J a0alfo ) becaufethep 
 IjaD rcceiucD netoeo of a great crpenttton, toljich the ^mperourofEu(fiatoasinp?otttoing foj 
 the Defence of the faio place,tbep toere conCtrainen to raife their fiege,$ to leaue the toton as tljep 
 fotinQ it, 
 
 apontheir Departure our menhao opo?tunitie to pjocceoon tljeirbopage , ano bring the occa* 
 Gon,tbcp left Aftracan,ann came to Bilbil totoaros the eno of ©ctober t from totencc thep toene 
 toShauaran, tohere (as thep loogeo in their tentes) thep toere grcatlp moletteD toith Orange 
 troopes of fljolcaues o? foreSjtobtclj tocse to bulie toith them tljat thep toofce tljtir meate ano Die* 
 tualsottt of tljeir loDsings,anD oeuoureD to the bare bones in one night a mightp toiloe 1So?e that 
 Was fent unto them to? a pjefent from the gouernour of tlje countrep, 
 
 patting tTaieo here ibme th?ee o?foure Dates in p?otiioing of cartages ano otljer necetfarteg fo? 
 tljetr iournep.thcpoepatteo thence ano came to Shamaky, tobicb is foureoayes tottrnepfrom the 
 afojefapo Shauatan . 3n this totone of Shamaky tljeir toboie companpfpentout tlje ffiUtmer, 
 anD from thence in 8p?tl folotoing tljep toofee their tournep totoaros Ardouil a place of great ac« 
 count ano mutlj cfteemeD, bp reafon of tlje fcpulcb jes of the €mperours of }]3eru*a,tobicb to? the 
 mod partite there burieD,ano fois grotoen to bee a place of tljeir fuperflitious Deuottom JnthiS 
 totone of Ardouil thep foiourneD tlje fpace of 5, 0? 6.moneths, finoing fome traffique ano fales, 
 but to no purpo fe. t Ijc totone being mo?e inhabiteD ano f rcqucn tcD toitlj gentlemen ana noblemen 
 then merchants, 
 
 Che Difference of religion b?eo great b?oiles in this totonetoljiles tljep remaineo tljeretfo? the 
 pother fought tlje DeUructton of tlje b ?other,anD tlje neereft feinfmen rofe up one againtf another, 
 tntomucb that one of their companpLionelPlumtrecljatbteenetnone Dap fometimes 14, flaine 
 in a garbcile.auD he being further BcGrous to fee their maner of Bght,o? rather fomctohatmo?e 
 curious to behofD.tben mittruttf til of their bIotoes,toas like to hatte borne a Qjare in tljeir blooDie 
 trageoie.bcing ttoife toounbeb toitlj tljeir (hot ano arrotors .although not to tlje Death. 
 
 9t this totone the Shaw Thamasfent a meftenger fo? our men to come to his p?efence at Caf- 
 bin, to tohom Thomas Baniflet faileonot togoe, although matter Ducket lapberp fiefce at 
 Ardouil, and in fitch cafe that tljep almott DefpaireD of his recouerte ♦ (pee being come to the 
 Shaugh toas rccet'ucD ano entertaineo of him toith great fauour ano lpectall countenance, ano 
 ban the mod part of all his requett s grantee him,this onelp ercepteD,that tohereas he entreateo a 
 p ? iuilcDgc 0? fufferance to t ranfpo? c ano carp through his Dominions certatne ho j&s into 3lno i a, 
 the Shaugh fecmeo loth to peelo tbereunto,ano pet Din not altogether Denie it, but rcfetreo it to 
 Come further time. 3s fo? the point of cr aff tquc.hr coulo not make tljat motto 0? requeQ that toa.s 
 not to foone granteD as it toas p?eferreDtanD the Shaugh Ijimfelfe bought there of htm manp ftar- 
 SeS,anD maoeljim as gooo paiment as anp man coulo toiuj,ano oftentimes toottlD feno his monp 
 fo? tlje toares befo?e the to ares toere Delittereo, that he might be tlje furer of this honourable in- 
 tcnDCD Dealing. 
 
 ©ne tljing fometoljat flrange 3 thought gooo in tljis place to remember, tljat tohereas fjee 
 purpofeo to feno a greatfumme of monep to Mecca in Arabia, fo? an offering to 9^aljojnet their 
 p?opljct, Ijce toouiD not feno anp monep 0? copneof Ijts otone, but Cent to the Cngliflj merchants 
 to trcljangeljiscopnefo? theirs, acco?Dingtothebalueofit, peeloing this reafon fo? tlje fame, 
 that the monep of tlje merchants toas gotten bpgooDmeanes, ano toitlj goooconfeiences, ann 
 teas therefore tuoo?tljieto bemaoe fo? an oblation to their holpp?opIjtt ) buthisotonemoneptoasi 
 rather gotten bp frauD,opp jeffion ano bnhonett meanes,anD therefo?e toas not fit to ferue fo? fo 
 bolieabfc. 
 
 Sfterfire monetljs fpent in Casbin tlje fapoe Thomas BanifierDeparteo totoaros the great 
 citte of Tauris.tobere beingarriueD,hcfomtD S^.Ducket toellrecoticreo of bis ttckncffe.toljomhe 
 haD left ill at Ardouil. 
 
 9t this dtie tlje fo?efapo a^aller Ducket maoe fales-iof tlje dEnglifij commoDities,rcmaining 
 trjere to that pucpofe tlje fpace of ttoo peeres anD a halfe. 9od bcttoes other RinDes of merchant 
 Difes of that countrep, jje bought great Ho?e of gals tohub groto in great abunsance at a place 
 
 toithin 
 
 I 
 
19* 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, ^BaniUer & T)uc^et. 
 
 mithm one dapes iournep of tbe afo?efapd Tauris. 
 
 Sifter tbis Thomas Snifter departed from Tauris, amitocnttoShamakytogtue o?oer fo? 
 
 tfjetranfpojttnsoftbofecommooiticsto^icbtoerebougfttfojCnglaiiti. Stio tjauino; tttfpatcrjcQ 
 
 tljem atoap,be went therefjence to Arrafli, a totone foure napes iournep mitlj camels from Sha- 
 
 qrji««iM«of makyfo?tbcbupingofran)eftlRr. ^uttberebpreafonoftbennmboltfomneffeoftbeatre, ano 
 
 nnDLTurmc'e co?ruption eftbe maters intlje bote time of tbepeere, bemitb Lawrence Chapman anofome o= 
 
 ciupman. tljerCngiiujmennnbaw^Ipdieoimbicbbeinglmomenof 2(i),Duckec,bemiineotatlpcamefrom 
 
 TauristoArralh 3 totakepoKetrionoftbegooW,fo?otbertoife bptbe cuftomeoftbecountrcp, if 
 
 there bad bene no merchant o ? otber friend of bis to enter Upon tbat mbicb be left, ail bad fallen 
 
 into tlje Shaughs bands,mbiclj poos notmitbfianoing ccnlo not bee recouereo from tlje officers 
 
 tnbicb bad fet?eo ano feaied sp the fame, intiil S^. Ducket bad bene in perfon miih the Shaugh, 
 
 ano bad piocuixo bis o?der for the deliuerie thereof. 
 
 Lionel PIumtrec.intbemeanetimetbat^.Duckct teas at Casbintnftitefojpoos.bjmntbe 
 perfmatton of certaine Bogharians, maoe p?ouifion fo? a iournep to f Jathaia, mitb cartages arm 
 commooicies.mio batting aU things reaop,departedfccretlp tuittj a Carauan :' but being gone fo?« 
 ftiibutntaT"" toartl8 on W* toa V *&* Ba P ei3 iournp.fome fiftp bojfemenbp tlje procurement of Humfry Grcen- 
 Bimun, fcu (tobo aftermaros being atOrmus intbe£att3!noies, mas tbere rrtiellp burnt in tlje 3nqui« 
 fitioubptbel9o?tingals) were fent after him in pofie from SoItanErasbec, tlje Shaughs lieu* 
 tenanc,to fetch bun bacse againe, not fuffering him to pafle on fo petitions ano Dangerous a tnur- 
 nep fo? fcare of Diners inconueniences tbat might follow, 
 
 after this 9(&,D uckec retttrneo from Casbin to Shamaky agaitte, ano imrneoiatelp maBe p?e« 
 paration fo? atottrnep to Caffan,betng about foure napes iournep from Shamaky,ano carted witlj 
 Um foute mttles laden With monp. 
 
 31n the toap of bis ttauel be patten tb?oagb Perfepolis, fometime the rot'all feate of tlje Cmpe* 
 ro?sof perua.but now altogether ruinto ano defaced, wbercofremainetobefrene attfcis nap 
 two gates onelp that are oittant one from tljeotber tlje fpace of i a.miles,ano feme feto pinnacles! 
 in the mountains ano conueiances fo? frettj mater, 
 
 Cbe fo?efaio Caffan is a toWne that confittetb altogether of mercbanoife, ano tlje belt trade of 
 all tlje lano is tbere.being greatlp frcquenteo op tlje merchants of 3lnoia, 
 
 $ere our men bought great tto?c of al mancr of w?ougbc ulkes,ano feme fpice0,ano goon flo?e 
 of^Durkiettones. 
 
 CbetoWneis much to Be eommendtnfo? the tiuil anogood gouernment tfeat is there bfco.3tt 
 iolepetfon is not fuffreotouue amongtttbem, 
 
 Che cljilo that is but fiuc pecres did is fet to feme labour, jf5o ill rule, oifo?oer o? note bp ga s 
 ming o? otherWife.is there permitted.^laping at Dice o? Cares is bp tbe lam p?efcnt death. 
 
 St tins Cafhan tljep remained about the fpace of tenne Weefees, ano tljen came oowne a- 
 gaine to Skamaky ,and after fome time fpent in oiuers places of the countrep fo? imping of raWe 
 filfee and other commodities, tbcp came at lafl to Sb auaran againe, where their ftjip mas in bar* 
 hour, and then thepfijipt all their goods and embarked tbemfelueSalfo/etting faple the eight 
 BapofSpap,inthepeere 1 5 73, intending to fetch Aftracan, 13preafonofthei(>arietieoftbe 
 toinoes ano dangerous flats of tbe Calpianfea,tbep beat it op and dotone fome 20, napes. Sinn 
 tlje 28, dap riding at anker dpon tlje flats, certaine faufle HEaflalts, Which are outlames 0? bam'« 
 fijed mcn.bauing intelligence of their being tbere.ano of the great mealtlj that tljep had nutlj iljem, 
 came ta tljcmmiclj diuers boates under the colour of frtcndfljip, and cmreu their ujip,but immeni* 
 atelp tljep tooke tljcir batcljets $fleni diuers of the EufTes that mere of the fljip dpon the batches: 
 ^thereupon mailer Ducket.LionellPlumtree, William Smith, the matter, a man of Angular 
 nature , and 9mos Kiall being onoer the ^pardecke , did fo toell behaue thi«nfelues,tljat tbep 
 fftoto?eo the hatches ,ano Hem 1 4-of the Caflahs gunners.ano rjurt and toounoeo about 3 o,mo?e, 
 being of them al in number 1 jo,attheleatt,armedtnitbcaliuers andotljertoeaponsfitfojfonil* 
 lanousapurpofe. 
 
 gp,Dudcetnotmithttanoti'gandtljerettafo?efaio rccelueddiuerstooundsfromtheenemie, 
 ano mere fo !juct,ano toithall fo opp?elTed mith tbe multitude and fo?ce of tljcm.tbat tljep mere at 
 laff conttratneo to make an agreement with the CalTaksbp rendjing tbeujtp into tljeir bauos.ba* 
 triug receiueo firtt their othes Cmo?ne bp their crucifires,not to do anp futtljer harme to their per* 
 fons, 
 
 Chus tbe ftjippe being taken, anoalltbeCngliBj grieuouflphurt, theCaffaksimmeoiatelp 
 nifcljarged tbe Qjip of tljem .putting tbt m all into the fljip boate mitb ttoo o? th?ee perfian targets 
 full of bo?fe fleQj ano fmines fleib, mitbout further mctuals 0? relitfe : tbep being in that cafe, 
 made thebeff bfiffthepcoulotogec to Afttaean;awj being come to the totone, matter Ducket 
 
 maoe 
 
 fliij) taftcn bp 
 
(Jeffrey Ducket. TrarTiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 3P7 
 
 mane great Cute to tlje captaine to fjaue men ano boates fet out fo? tbe tefcutrrg anti recotieriha; 
 , of tbefljtpif itttiete poffible: tobo immeoiatclp Cent out bus fonneboitb fojtieboates ano Rue bur- 
 Djeomentopurfaetbep'tats, anobpgoooljapcametotbeplace toljere tfjep no at anker nritb 
 the (bip, but bp rcafon of tljeir fooliujnes in Briking bp tbeit omms befoje tljep toere tome neere 
 tl)em,tbe CalTaks oifcouertng ttje boats,cut tbeit gab Icb ano put out to fea, tofjercupon tlje boats 
 not bemg able to foloto tbem.teturneo againe to Aftracar^g fter toljiclj/o .boats md?« toere lent 
 out to pucfue tbem againe tfje fecono time : ftljat fecono armp tame to a place tobere tljep founo 
 manp of tbofe CatTahs ano fieb) tbem , ano founo out tbe places bjljere tbep ban bib cestaine par* 
 eels of ttjcir gooos in tbe cattb in tbe djeffis of tlje fljip : all tobtcb tbep rccoucrco againe f o? tbe 
 ® ngliuj mercbants,to tbe balue of 5 060 .li.of 3 0.0 j 40. cljoufano pomto,uut all tbe rett tbe Cat* 
 faks m tbe fljip bao carieo aboap. 
 
 31n tbe fame place tbep founo furtber oiuets of tbe Cattaks toljiclj tbe Cngliflmien ban ffaine, 
 imrieo in tbe eartb,anobJ?apt fome in fo?tie 0? fiftp para? of ssattin ano tEaffataes, ann fome in 
 ©urkie carpets cut 9 fpoileo bp tbofe blllanous ipitats, oftoljom aftettoarbs a? manp as coulo 
 it takenbp tbe Perfianjs tobo entirely loueb tbe €ngli(frmercbarits,toere put to moC ctuell to?= 
 merits in all places acco joing to tbeit oefetts» * 
 
 ; S>ut out men being tbus fpopleb of tbeit gooos.ano toounoeo in ttjei't booies. tematneo about 
 ttoomonetbs at Aflracanfojtljeitbettet tecouerie: 9 batting gotten fome teafonable Ctengtb, 
 tbep tben p jottioeo boatcs ano toent bp tlje tiuet of Volga to Cazan,toitb fucb gooos as tljep ban 
 recoueteo ftom tbe Caflaks. from Cazan tljep toent totoaros Yeraflaue, but in tbe toap tlje ice 
 intctceptentbemabouttbcbeginmngof©ctobcr, tobercfuobenlpintbenigbttljcp toere taken 
 toitlja ctuell anb bebement ftotr,anD tljcretoitball tbe toatersfo congelcOjtljattljeir boates toere 3. cci " *»**■ 
 crufljeoanocutinfunoer toitb tljeice, toljerebp tbep fuffaineobotb a furtber Danger of life ano §Sob?r? 
 lofle of gooos : but asmucb as tljep coitlopjeferue vuitlj 1 muclj aooe,tbep conuepco ouetlano in 
 fleos to Vologda, ann ftom tbence Tent muclj of it to s®aint Nicholas to be laben in tbe fljips foj 
 Cnglano* 
 
 TBut gaffer Ducket, Lionel Plumtree ano Amos Riall toent toitb fome parcels to tlje Mo£ 
 ko.ano tbere folo cettaine quantities of it to tlje Cmpercur, toljo pitping tlje migljtie lotfe tljat 
 tbep baowttaineobp bis otone rebellious people ano fubtects, bottgbt bimfelfe as mucb asbee 
 likeo,ano papco pjefent monep foj tlje fame ■♦ %o tbat SHinter being fpent out tn Mosko, ann 
 fucb toares pjouioeo bp tbem as feruco fo? Cnglano.tljcp oeparteo to gmint Nicholas ,ano tbere 
 tmbarkeo tntljemonetbof9uguOE : ano batting etmureo a betp terrible paffage in nine toeekes 
 anotb?eeoapes,toitbfomebatoneu*eofbictuals,conttarp ano furious tom&es, anootljet fea ac* 
 ciocnts,tljf p arriueo at Lonoon i« tlje monctlj of October ,one tljoufano fine buno ?eo feucntie ann 1 5 34 
 foute, anofomaoean enbe of anbnfo?tunatebopage:tobiclj if itljao pleafeb<8oo to p;iofpcr, tbat 
 all tbingsbao come borne as fafelp as tbep toete carefullppjouioeo, anopainfttllp labourcofo?, 
 it bao pjoueo tlje rtcbeS boiage ano mod pjorltablc teturne of commobitte,tbat bao eitct bene bn< 
 bertakenbpCngliujmetcbants^bo.notttiitbftanDingallmiffojtuneSjlottnotbingoftbeitpjin- 
 cipall aouentute^but onelp tlje intetefl ano gaine tbat migbtbaue rifenbp tljebfe of tbeit Bocke 
 intbemcanetime* 
 
 Further obferuations concerning the ftate of Perfia , taken in the 
 
 forcfayd fift voyage into thofepartesjand written by \A.Geffrey Ducket,oae 
 of the Agents emploied in the fame. 
 
 pjHamakyistbefairefftoume tnallMedia, ano tbe tbiefett commobitfe of 
 ' tbat counttep is ratoc filke, 9 tlje greatefl plentic thereof is at a tomne tb?ee 
 bape s iountep from Shamaky calico Arafh : ano toitljin ? , bapes iottrnep of 
 ArafhisacountrepnameoGrofin.ttibofetnbabitantsare Cb?ittians,n; are GroRnej 
 tbougbt to be tbep tobicb areotljertoife calico Georgians: tbereis alfontuclj ° eorfiia " 
 Clketobefolb. 'EljecbiefetotoncoftbatcountrepisralleD Zegham, ftom 
 buljence is carieo pecrelp into iperfia,an increoible nuantitie of l^afellnuts, 
 all of one fo?t ano goooneflejano as gooo ano tbin fijaleo as are our f ilberos. ffif tbefe are carieo 
 pcereip tbe quantitie of 4coo,Camels laoen. 
 
 Of the name of the Sophy of Perfia, & why he is called the Shaugh^ 
 and of other cuftomes. 
 
 T^e king of Iperfia (mbom bere loe tall tlje gteat Sophy) is not tbere fo calleo, but is calico 
 tbe Shaugh.3]t toete tbete oangetouis to cal bim bp tbe name of Sophy .becaufe tbat Sophy 
 
 U in 
 
 
 — # — £7^ 
 
 d^^^S 
 
 
398 The Englifh Voyages, Q e ff re J 'Ducket. 
 
 in the pcrftan tongue,ts a beggcr,** ittoere as mucb as to call ljim,1£be great begger.^)e Iietb at 
 a totone calleo Casbin.uibicb is fituate in a gooolp fertile ballep of 3 .oj^.oaie s iournptn length^ 
 Cbe totone is but euilbuiloeD,anofo? tbe mofi part all of b?icke,not Ijaroeneo toitb fire,but onlp 
 Ojieo at t be funne,as is the motf p art of tbe builoing of all perGa, Cfoe ling batb not come out of 
 tbecompaCTcofbisotoneboufei" jfepjj H»Peercs,tobereof tlje caufe is not UiiolDen.bucas tbep 
 fap,it is Dy 011 a fup c rttition of certaine piopbefirs to tofrclj tbtp are greatlpaooicteo: be is noto a< 
 bout 8o.peeres of age,ano berp luftp. 9no to feeepe btm ibe rno?eluflp 3 be Ijfitlj 4.toiues aluiapes, 
 ano about 3oo,concubines,anoonce in {bepeeretjerjatb alltbe faire maioensano toiues that map 
 be founo a great toap about bjougbt»ntobim,toljom be oiligcntlp pcrufetb, feeling tbem in all 
 parts,taking fuel) as be liftetb,ano putting atoap fome of tbem tobicb be batb kept before , fj toitlj 
 tbem tbatbeputtctb atoap, bet^axtfietbfontefucb asbatbooncljimtbebeBferutce. 9nO tfbee 
 chance to take any mans toife,ber bufbano is berp glao tbereof, ano in recompenfc of ber, often* 
 times be guietb tlje bufbano one of bis ottj flo je,tobom be tbankfullp receiuetbt 
 IfanpCranger being a Cb?itn'anujall come before bim, bcmu&putonanctopaircof Gjooes: 
 s«sn« u"(9. ma oe in tbat countrcp,ano from tbe place ttberc be entrctb,t!jcre is otggro as it tocre a caufep all 
 tbe toap,bntil be come to tlje place tobere Ije ffjal talke toitb tbe ki;ig ; toljo fianoctb altoapcs about 
 in a gallerie,toljen be talkctb toitlj anp Grangers : ano toijen t|je Granger is ocparteb, tben is tbe 
 caufep call Dotoue,ano tbe grouno mane cum againe* 
 
 Of the religion ofthePerfians. 
 
 t: 
 
 
 'l^eir religion is all one toitb tbe tEurkes,fauing tbat tbep Differ tobo toas lie rigljt fucceflb? 
 of spabnmctXbe burkes fap tbat it tons one Homer aim bis fonne Vfman. "But tlje per* 
 Oans fap tbat it toas one Mortus Ali,tobicb tbep tooulo p jooue in tb:'s maner.'&bep fap tbere toa* 
 a counfeH calico to oeciDe tljematter tobo fboitlo be tlje fuccelTo? : ano aftcrtbep bao calico bpon 
 Sgabumetto reueale onto tbem bis null ano pleafure therein, tljere csuie among tljem alitleli» 
 totTrcuttsrij ? ac0 » u,, > occlareo tbatittoasSpabumets pleafure tbat Mortus Ali fljoulo be bisfucceGc?» fyfytg 
 Hitgwn. Mortus Ali toas a baliant man ano fleto Homer tbe Eurkes pjepfcet. l£)e bao a fieojo tbat bee 
 fougbc toitball, toitb tlje tobicb bee cocquerco all bis enemies, ano killeo as manp as be Broke, 
 dtben Mortus Ali oieOj tljere came a Ijolp pjopbet, toljogauetbemtoarning tbatfijojtlp tbcre 
 tuoulO come a tobite Camell, bpon tbe tobicb be cbargco tbem to lap tlje bor-p ano ftoo jo of Mor- 
 cusAlijanotofuffer tbe Camel to carp it tobitber be teculo.^be tobicb being pcrfojimeo.tbefaiB 
 toljite camell carico tljeftoojo $ boop of Mortus Ali buto tljc fea fioe,ano tbe ramell going a goott 
 toap into tlje fca.toas toitb tljeboop rfftuojo of Mortus Ali taken op into ljcauen/o? toljofe return 
 tbep baue long lookeo in perGa, 3no foj tbis caufe tbe king altoapes kceprrfj a bo?fe reaop fables 
 fo } Ijim.ano alfo of late fee pt Fo^ljim one of bis otone o^ugbtcrs to be bis toife, but tbe oito in tbe 
 pere of our lo^o.i y 75 ,3no tbep fap ftttibermo;ic,p if be come not fijojtfp,tbcp fijalbe of our be* 
 licfe : mucb like tlje 3etocs,looking fo? tljeir S^eGias to come 9 rcignc 1 mong tbem like a too?lo» 
 Ipkingfo?cucr, anoodiuct tbem irom tbe captiuitie tobicbtljeparc noto in among tbeCb?ilri« 
 anSjdtrkes^ano (Sentiles. 
 
 'CbeShaughD^kingof^erCatsnotbt'nginCrcngtbf potoer ccmparable Onto tbe^Turket 
 fo? altljougb be batb a great Dominion ; pct is it notbing to be compareo toitlj tbe 'Surksmcitber 
 ^atlj be anp great ^)?omanceo?gunnes J o?barciuebuu*es, ^ottoittflanoing bis eloett fonne IC- 
 macl about 2 j.peeres pa0,fougbt a great battcll toitlj tbe *E urfee, ano Reto of Ijis anrie about an 
 buno jetb tboufano men : tobo after bis returre.toas bp b^ fattjer call into pjifon, ano tljere con* 
 tinuctlj ontiltljisoap : fc? bi&fatber tlje Shaughbaobuninfufpiciontbatbetoculobaue putbim 
 totonc,ano Ijaue taken tbe regiment Onto bimfeife. 
 «Tjrir Bpiiiteit ^bettopmionofiZElj^Qis, tljatbetoasan bolpmananoagreatpjopbct, but not like onto 
 of €tua. c^aljuinet : faping,tbatS^abumct toas tbe lafl p^opljet bp toljom all tljings toere finifbeo,? toaa 
 tljcrcfojetljegreatetf. Cop?oouetbatC{j?itttoasnot(Soosfonne, tbep fap tbat (Soobao neuec 
 totf e,ano tber cfo?e coulo baue no fonne oj cljilo jen*€ljep go on pilgrimage from tbe furtljefl part 
 of Perfia onto Mecha in Arabia.ano bp tbe toap tbep oifitc alfo tbe fepulcl;?e of Cb?ifl at Ierufa- 
 lem,toIj!Cbtbevnoto call Couch Kaly. 
 
 ^bemotcpartoffptcestoljicb commetb into perlta isbjougljt frcm tbe Jflano ofOrmus, 
 
 Ccuatcintljegulfeofpetfia calleoSinu* Perficus^ettoeenetljemainelano of perfia ano Gratia, 
 
 fltC&be Portingals touclj at Ormus botb in tljeir Oopage to Catt India ano bemetoaro againe,ana 
 
 , from tbencc bung all fuclj fpices as are occupieo in perfia ano tlje regions tljercaboutifoj of pep* 
 
 per tljep b?ing berp fmall quantitie 5 ano tbat at a Oerp oeare pn'cr. 
 
 Clje burkes oftentimes b jing pepper from Mccha in 8rflbta,tobub tbep fell as geco cfceape 
 
 
Geffrey Ducket, Traffiques,<5c Difcouenes. 
 
 399 
 
 <Efi(ir mantt, 
 
 anD learning. 
 
 &iirfjtuast!K 
 ldUJotttiEiBfl" 
 ccDonianefoi 
 tceafan. 
 
 SXlTcntion foj 
 rtUgion, 
 
 as that tt^icrj i0 bjougbt from Ormus. Silkes are b^ougijt from no plaec,but are tojougrjt all 
 in tbeir otont countrep. Ormus is toitbinttoo miles of tbe iminelanoof laerfia, ano the ipoi' 
 tingals fetch tbeit frett) toatertberc, fsjtbjtolncbtljep pap tribute to tbe Shaugh oj king of 
 
 $>£tB.1, 
 
 ailittjin perBa tbep b aue neither goto no? Bluer taints, pet bane tfjcp roineo moncp both of 
 goloano filttcr,ano alfo other fmallmoneps of copper,<Ebere is brought into perfiaanmcreoible 
 fuinrne of Dutch oollars,tobtcb foji the mott part arc there imploic o in rato filbe. 
 
 ^bepbwefetobookes ano leffe learning, ano ate foj tbe mod part uerpb?uti(b in all kino of 
 so ati fcienres,faufag in fome lira of Bite too ?to> ,anD in fitch, things $ pertaine to tlje furniture 
 ofbon'cs.fat^tobicb tbep arcpaffing goto. 
 
 Cltct r lata cs are as in their religion/tot eken ano eeteffable. 3no if anp man offeno the p ?ince, 
 be pumtberh it ertrcmrlp,not onelp intbeperfon that offenoetb,but alfo tnbts clnlojen, ano in as 
 inanpae arc of bis bin. Oert ano muttljcr are often punifrjeo, pet none otljertoife then pleaft'tb 
 jlim that is ruler in the place toljerc the offenceis committcD, ano astbepartieoffenoingis able 
 to make fcienos.oi tottbmonep to reoecme his offence. 
 
 Cbere is oftentimes great muttnic among the people in great ^CotoncS tobichofMortus Ali 
 bis formes toasgreateft: tnfomucrj chat fometimes in the eotone ttoo oi rijjer tbo ufano people are 
 together bp tbe tares foj the fame, asabauefccncintbetotone of Shamakyano Ardouil,ano 
 alfo in the great Cup of Teueris, toljere 3! batte feene a man comming from figbtfag, in a b?a< 
 uetie bringing in bis banofoureo^fiue mens beaos, carpingtbembptbehaireoftbebeao : foj 
 although tbep ftjaue their bcaos mott tommonlp ttoife a toeeke , pet leaue tbep a tuft of jjatre 
 upon tbeir bcaos about i,foote long, 31 baue enquireo tobp tbep leaue the tuft of baireupon tbeir 
 bcacsXbep anftner,tbat tbcrcbp tbep map eafilcr be carter) up into hcattcutotjen trjep are ocao, 
 
 jfo J tbeir religion >tljep baue certatne pnefis tobo are apparclleo like bnto otber men.^bep bfe 
 euetp tnomtng ano afternoone to go bp to the tops of tbeir cburebes,ano tell there a great tale of 
 Mahumct ano Mottus Ali : ano other pjeac'nngbaue tbep none, %l)cw lent is after CbJtttmas, 
 not in abtti'nence from flefb oneIp,but from all meats ano ojinks,bntiIl tbe cap be off the f kie,but 
 tbentljcp eate fomtimes tbe tutjole m'gbr,3no although it be agatnfl their religion cs ojinke brine, 
 petatnigljttbepboilltaftegreaterceffetbeteofanobcDumken . Cbeic lent beginurtij at the 
 netofl!)oone,ano tbepoo not fitter into itbntill rfjepbauefeenc tbe fame: neftljerpet ooetb tbeit 
 lent eno,bntill tbep baue feen tbenert ncto Sgoone, although tbe fame (tbjougb clofe toeat&er) 
 fjjoulo not be feen in long time. 
 
 JEhep baue among tbtmcertaineholp men toljomtbcp eallSeces, ccunteo b&lpfo? rljat tbep 
 u^anpof tbeirancettojshauebeneonpilgtimageatMechain Arabia, foitohofoeuer goertj tfji< 
 tier on pilgrimage to uifite tbe fepulcb?e of Mahumet,botb be ano all bis pofleritie are etter after 
 calico Setes,ano countco foj bolp men.ano baue no leffc opinion of tbemfelttes, ano if a man con= 
 trarp one of tbefe,be brill fap tfjat be is a &amt,ano therefore ought to be beleeueo, ano that bee 
 cannot Ite.altfjeugb be Ite neuer fo fbamefullp, 3£bus a man map be too bolp,ano no p jin e is grea* 
 ter then fp:rttuall pnoe of a mmo puffeo bp toit h bis otone opinion of bolineffe , Cbefe Setes oo 
 bfe to fbaue tbeir bcaos all ouer , fauing on tbe Boes a Ittle abcue tbe temples , tlje toljicb tbep 
 leaue onfbaucn, ano bfe to bjeiD tbe Came as tuomen co tljcir hcitrr, auDtotoearett aslong as it 
 Drill groto, 
 
 Cuerp moving tbep bfe to toojfbtp (Soo,Mahuni«,ano Monus Ali^ in p?aping turttetbem* 
 (elucs tottaro the 3)Outb,becaufc Mecha liecb trjat map from tl;ern, dObett tbep be in traucll on 
 tbetoap,manp of them ttill(asfiione as tbe s|>tmne rifctb) light from the tc boifes.turnmg them« 
 blues to tbe South , ano toilllap tbeir planes befo? e tli tin, mitl) tbeit ftuo^os ano bcaos, ano fo 
 fianoing bpjigbt toojujip to the South : ano manp times in tbeit papers fcnecle ootone ano niue 
 tbeir beaDSjO? fonttoljat els that betb before tbem, 
 
 Che men o? toomen Ooe neuer goe to malte toater, but tbep bfe to take Witty them a pot toitb a 
 fpout : ano after tbep bane maoe toatcr.thcp flafi) fome toater opon tbeir priup parts, ano tbus ooe 
 tbe toomen as toell as the mentano tfjis is a matter of great religion among tbcm, ano fa making 
 of toatcr,tbemmDocoto;teDotoncastodlastbetoomen, 
 
 ^bcntbcpearnefllpaffirmeamatter, tbeptoillftoearcbp<3oo,Mahumec J o!! Mortus Ali, 
 anofometimcsbpallatones: asthusintbeirotonelanpage,faping ) 01]a ) Mahumec,A]i.l5ut 
 ifbetotliftoearebptbeShaughsbeao, infapingshaughambaffhe, pcumap tbeit belceue him 
 tfpoutoill, 
 
 ^heShaughkeepetljagreatmagnificenceinbiscottrt t ano although fometimes in a mo< 
 neeboj fir toeekes none ofbisnobiluieo;counfaile can fee lifai, pet goe trjep Dailp to the court, 
 auo tatp there a cec wine time bnttll tbep baue kno to en bis pleafure tobetber bee totll commauno 
 
 Hi i tb«m 
 
 CUcirpiierfB 
 fliitipifacbin^ 
 C!j«ic lent. 
 
 <Cfirfr faints 
 anb Ijolp mat. 
 
 yiigniniige. 
 
 ■3tnritpi&itt& 
 tuoifijippinj 
 of <£oti antt 
 £@apituict. 
 
 fftftdjms ants 
 ouitnacti clcn* 
 bncfCr. 
 
 Cftfrtttofa* 
 ring. 
 
 inagnini(MK. 
 
 ■ 
 
.00 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, Qtffrey T)ucbgt % 
 
 
 •CIjc hinge 
 taiiip.mp 
 Uiitl) !)is 
 iumt9 aim 
 concubines. 
 
 ■artie fiKccffion 
 of p ttmgDom. 
 
 Circutiinfloii. 
 
 •Iticitfjoufcs 
 nnD uiitncc of 
 
 sating. 
 
 them anp tbirg o? not. i[>ee is toatcbeD euerp night toitlj a tboufano of^ts men, tohtcb are calico 
 lantfuiuaiua. his Curfhes, tobo are thep that bee tofetlj to fenD into tbe ftountrcis about ljis greatcff affaires. 
 CEKljen be fenoetb anp of tbem (if it be to the gteatcfl of an? of U$ nobtlitie) he toill obep tljcm,al« 
 though the meifcnger ISouId beat anp of them to Death. 
 
 t&it Sh augh occuptetb bimfelfe aitoapes ttoo napes in the toeeke in bis ISathutme, ano toficn 
 beismfpoteotopetbttber, be taketbtottb him fiueojfire of bis concubines, mojeojlefle, ana 
 one oap tljep tonfume in toaftjtng, rubbing, ano bathing him, ano the other nap in paring bis 
 nailes,anD other matters, ^begrcaccflpartof bis life bee IpenDetb aniongffbis totucsano con- 
 tubines, Ipccbattjnoto reigneo about fiftie ano fourc pceres, ano is therefore counteD a ucrp 
 Ijoipman, astbepeuercfoeme tbeir kings, iftljep baue reigneo fiftie pecrcso?mo?e: fojtbep 
 nteafuretbefauourof<&oDbpamausp?ofperitie, o?bis Difpleafure bp a mans miffojtune o? 
 aouerfitie. Z b c great Z ttrke Ijatb ttjfjs Sh augh in great re tie renr c, becaufe be batb reigneo king 
 fo long time. 
 
 31 bauefapn before that hcehatljfouretotues, anoasmanp concubines as bimliffetb : ano if 
 be chance to baue anp cbiln?cn bp anp of bis concubines, ano be minoeo that anp ofttjofe cbilojen 
 (ball inbertte after him,thenuihcnoncof his ttiucsbicth, tlje couculjine Suborn feec fo fauourttb, 
 Ijeemaketboneofbts tomes, ano thccbtloctohomljefo lottctlj bclf, be ojuatnettj to becking af* 
 terhim. 
 
 £0bat3i bears oftbemaner of their mariagcs,fo? offenoiugofhoneltcnnfcicnccs ann cbaQe 
 eares,3! map not commit to to?uing:tbctr falling 31 baue Dcciareo before, 'Sbcp tofe circumcitfcm 
 unto cbilDjen of fcuen peeres of age.as do tbe Curkes, 
 
 ^beir houfesfas 31 baue fatB)arc fo? the mofi part maee of biicke.not burneD but onlp Djieo in 
 the 'gjtmnc : 2! n their boufes tljrp haue but title furniture o f botifliolo flttffc, c: ccpt it be tbeir car = 
 pets ano fome copper toojke:foj ail tljeir kettles 9 Dilbes tobetein tljep eate,are of copper, Cbep 
 eate on the grouno.fitting on carpets croue leggeo as do ^ailojs.'&bece is no man fo duple but 
 i) c fitted) on a carpet better j too? fe, ano the toljole houfe 0; roume tohcrein be fittetb is tobolp 
 coucrcD suit h carpc ts.Eljeir boufes are all toith flat roofes couercD toitlj eartbtano in the g>om* 
 mer time thep lie Upon them ail night, 
 
 Cb cp baue manp bono feruaunts both men ana toomen , 15 one men ano b oiid toomctt , is one 
 of the bell kino of mtrcbanDife that anp man map b?tng , SOben thep bup anp mapDes 0? pong 
 toomen, thep tofe to feele them in ail partes, astoiujtosmenDoeljojIes : tobenone Ijatb bought 
 apongtooman, ifbelikeljcr, hetoiHkeepehetfojljisotonebfeaslongashtmliffeth, anotben 
 felletb l)cr to an otbcr.toho ooetb the like toith her, g>o that one tooman is tbmettmes Coin in the 
 fpaccoffourco?fiucvceres,ttoeluc,ojttoentic times , 3ifa man kcepe abonoiuoman fo? IjisJ 
 otonetofe, anoifhecfinDbertobefalfeto him, anogiue her boop to anp other, be map kill bertf 
 betoill. 
 
 Wljm a merchant 0; traueiier commeth to anp t stunt tobere be entenDetb to tarp anp time, be 
 Ijtrctb a tooman,o? fomttmes 2,0? 2 .During bis abooe there . 3no tohen be commeth to an other 
 totonc..be Doeth the like in tbe fame alfo:fo? there thep bfe toput out tbeir toomen to hire, as toee 
 Doherebacknepbo?fes, 
 
 Cbere is a berp great nucrtobtebmnnetb though tbe piaine of Iauat, tobtcbfalletb into tbe 
 Cafpian fea,bp a to tone calico Bachu,neere imto tobiclj to tone is a Orange thing to beholD , jfo j 
 there ifiucth out of the grouno a marueiious quantitie of ile,tobicb oiie tljep fetch from tbe totter* 
 molt bo tinos of all perfia : it fer uc tb all the countrep to burne in tbetr boufes, 
 
 Cb is ople is bIacke,anD is caileo Nefie •• thep tofc to carp it t b ?o ugbout all tbe Countrep topon 
 kine $a(Tes,of tobicb pott frail oftentimes meet toith fourc 0? Sue bttnojco in a companp. Chere 
 is alfobp tlje faiDtotone of Bach u another kino of ople tobtcb is tohiteanD toerp precious : ano is 
 fuppofeD to be tbe fame that here is caileo Pctroleum.Hbere is alfo notfar from Shamaky,a thing 
 like unto tarrc,ano itTucrb out of the grouno,tobereof toe baue maoe the pjoofe,that in our tbips it 
 fcruetlj toeli in the tteao of tarre. 
 
 3!n perfia are kine of ttoo fo?ts j tbe onelike Unto ours in tbefepartes: tbe otljer are maruei* 
 ious eutll fauottreDjtoitlj great bones ano toerp leane, ano but litle baire topon' tbem t their milke 
 is toalotoitbftoccte : thep are like tonto them toljich are fpokeuof in the Scripture, toljich in tbe 
 d jeame of Pharao figutficD tlje feucn Deare peeres : fo; a leaner 0? mo je euill fauoureo bead can 
 no man fee. 
 
 3ln the countrep of Shiruan (fometime called Media) if poucbance to lie in tbe fielDs neere tm« 
 toanptoillage, astbettotligbtbeginnetb, pou (bail baue about pou ttoo 0? tbieebunojeD fores, 
 tobtcb make a marueiious toatoling 0? botoling : ann if po ti lookc not tocll to pour toicttials,it u)al 
 fcape tbem harolp but tljep toill baue part toitb pou. 
 
 DSonbrtidi flnU 
 botiDtuanicn. 
 
 XOomen 
 Jjmiglit f TolD, 
 mid let to Ijirc. 
 
 MhunbaitHOf 
 oiie tailing out 
 
 oftUtgtounD. 
 
 Oleum Petro. 
 
 lcutn. 
 
 cuaa fojts of 
 ftmr. 
 
 .-Porto in great 
 plcntp. 
 
— f 
 
 IPiBam'Borough. TrafrIque$ ) <Sc Difcouenes, 
 
 4.01 
 
 ^(jcCafpian feaooetb neither cbbe no? ftutor,crccptfomctimesbp rngcsof minoit fuiclletb 
 ijpijery Ijtiilj : tljetuatcr is t>erp falt t ^)otoDctt,tljc quatititic of uuatectljat falfctljcttc of tijc great 
 Suet of Volga makcib the toat er frcfi) at the leaG cluentie If ague 9 into tljc fca.Cbc Caipian fca 
 is mamrilous full of 5nj,but no kino of monGrous 8!lj 5 aa farre as 31 couio bnrjerGano,pct batb it 
 funo?p fojtca of fifljcfi taljtcl) arc not in tljefeparts of the uio?lo. 
 
 "5Dije mutton tijcrc is gooo,ano the fbeepe great,bauing bcrp great rttmpcs toitl; itiuc!j fat bn- 
 otirrjetm 
 
 Eicc ana mutton is their cbiefe bictuall. 
 
 The copy of a letter lent to the Emperour of Moicouie,by Qmfto- 
 phcr Hodfdon and William Burrougb,&,nno 1570. ' 
 
 V^UV^^ £Dfi mtpjljtte ^ttWEtOUr,?- CaOljtrcaS !§>ir William Garrard ano W felotofbfa 
 ^^.^/jf£ the ccinpanp of €«glifb merchants, tljisIaG Mincer fenc hither to the Narue 
 n \4 t^? c P A)ips lautit tett() mercljanDife jto^icb tuaiS left bcre, anotoithit Chrifto- 
 • Vf pher Hodfdon one of tljc fapo f elalnft»tp,aiiD tljetr c6*cf<- coer in tbisplacctobo 
 /Sisa iuljcn bee came firG hither, ano snctil fucb time as bee bao oifpatchco tbofe 
 |>€@b< H)ips frcmhence, toas in hope of gooos to lane ttotlue 0? tbirteene failcs of 
 50013 fbips,againG tbis (hipping, tobcrcfojebrirjjotebntotbefapD g>ir William Garrard aim 
 ijis companic to fenD l)it|jctr tbisfpjinn; tljcfapu number of tljircecue fl;ips ♦ 9no bccaufctbat in 
 their conmung liit^ec laicefcunDtbcfreeboocersontbefea, ano fuppofing this peerc t!;at the? 
 tooulo be beep Brmtg,be therefore pue the fain Or William ano his Companie aouife to furntffj 
 tl;c fapo number of (hips fa Gronglp, as tijep Gjotilo bee able to lsritljGano the fojee of the free 5 
 bootcrs : thereupon tbepbaueacco joing to tjis aoaife fene tbispecrctbutccnc gooo (hips toge« 
 the: lueli fumifijeo iDttfj men ano munitton,auo ail other neccffaties fo? the bjarres,of tohich 1 3.* 
 {hips William Burrough oneof the fato feloiofbtp is captain? gcnerall,bnto Suborn there toas gi* 
 ttcnincbarge, t!jat if tjee met toitbmtp the Danske freebooters, 0? tobatfoeuer robbers ano 
 theeues that are cnimies to pour bigbnetfe,be ff;ottloooc his beft to appjcljcmj ano take them, 31t 
 fohapueo that the tenth onp of ibismoncth the fapo William toitlj biafieete, mcttoubGrefbtps 
 of the freebooters necte Unto an 3!flano calleDTuttee, luhich is about 50. bcrfMrcm Narue, fintmstt 
 unto tobictj freebooters be toitb his flecte gaue chafe, ano tookc cf them the acmirall, toljcm'n ^"?°" ta 
 mere left but tbjee men, the reft toerc flea to Gjo?e in their boats amongft the tooocs upon Tut- 
 teejOtttohich fbip Ijc fet fire ano burnt her. pt aifo tookefourc moje oftvjofc Chips tobich arc noto 
 hcce,anoonc (hip cfcapeo btm : out of tohichfottre fbf'psfomccf tbemcnflcc in their bonces ana 
 fo efcapeo,otbers toerc fiainc in fight.ano foitie of them toben tbep fato tljep r ouio not efcapc, caff 
 themreluestoillinglp into tl;e§>ea ano bjereojoioueD* ^0 that mthefefuts Chips iucrc left but 
 83. men. 
 
 ■Ebefaio Wil.Borough toben (jecamebitljerto Nafuc.finBtnajbercChriffophcf Modfdona* 
 fojenameOjbotb thefaio Chriitopher ano William togetber.in the name of Gr William Garrard 
 ano the refl of their toljole companie ano fdotttl)!p,bio p^efent tsnto pour bisbneffe of tbofe free* 
 booterstaftenbp our tljipsSaanenjiutiichiueocUuercD here bnto KnezVoiuoda, tbe ij^oftliis 
 ntonctlj, ffine man cfthofe freebooters tue banc heptbpbs, irjljofcnametsHaunceSnarke a 
 captaine.Qnothe caufetobptoebaueoanettistbts : Citljen tuee iljouln E)i?ttE neiittereD Ijim totth. 
 the reffof hisftiobjcsbnto the VoiuodaesofficcrSjthere lucre of our Cntrjifbmenmoje then 50. 
 tohicb fell on their knees unto bs,requcfltns that be might be referueo in the Gjip.ano tarteo back 
 into inglano : ano the caufe tuhp tl;ep fo carneGIp intreateo fo? bim, , is, that feme of tbofe otic 
 Cnglifbmen [jao bene taken uiitb freebooters, ano bp bis meanes bao their lutes faueo, toittj 
 greatfattourbcfiDes,tolnchthep^unDatIjishanb5«2Ilherefo?etfitpleafepottrhighneffctoper* 
 mitit.Voe toil! carp htm home niitbiss intoCnglano.toberctn tocrequeGpourmaicSiesfauottr t 
 nottoithUtinoingttbatpoucemm.-moofhimujalbeobfertten. 
 
 SOcc haue alfo fent our ferttant to pcur bighncifc Vuith fuel) beG ellir.gs ano lu jitingis as toee 
 founo in tbofe fljippes : telierebp pour SpateGte map fee bp lxiljom, ano in tohat JOer thep toere 
 fet oiit.aiiotebattijcppictcMeo^btcb beatings iuee haue ccmmrnteD bnto Kncz Yoriuepour 
 StBnieSif s Voiuoda at Pie/co,bp our fcrttant^no Ijatte rcqucGco bis furtherance fo j tlje fafe oe s 
 litterie of them to pour rtiateStes banns $ tohiclj testings lubrn pou baueperttfeo,tue oeGre that 
 tljep map be rctttnteo bnto b3bp this otirreruaunt,asfpeeoilpasmapbee: fojtberefbips tobicb 
 toenoto haue here tutllbefooiieoifpatcheo from hencCjfo? that toe haue not goons to Iaoeabotte 
 the balfe of tbcm.&to the cattfe utjtne haue tl;is tointer (bp pottr mat'eGics o?ner) bene kept from 
 
 JLl j trafftqtmiga 
 
 

 ^.02, 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M.Antk.fenkjnfon. 
 
 
 trafiquing,to tbe companies great loffclp tit licpttw pcuc maieffic toill Ijcreafter tiaue confiDera« 
 tion tljcreo f, ano tbat me imp banc free Iibertie to trafique in all partes of pour mate lit cja Coun- 
 tries,atco jctng to tbe pjittileoge giuen into togt, toe p?ap fo? pour maicfiies bealtlj, toitb p jofpe- 
 rouswcceffetotbepleafureof<2oo, ffromNaruetbeij.of3itu'p,Annoi5 7o. 
 
 Your Maiefties moft humble and obedient, 
 
 Cbriftofher Hodfdoti. William Bercugk, 
 
 A letter o^^tchardVfcomhe to M./^«r/eL4«e,touching the burning 
 
 oftbeCitieo/Mofcofy tbe Crimme Tartar : written in Rofe Ijland (be $.dty of 
 Auguft, i 571. 
 
 Slier Lane 31 baue me commenoeD unto pou . %.\t 27, of 31ttlp 31 arrfuet bere 
 toitbtlje Magdalene, ami tbe fame Dap ano Ijoure DiDtbe Swaiow ano Harry 
 arriue bere alfo. 9t our comming 3 fotmo mailer Pro&or ljere, bp tobom toee 
 bnDerttano oerp beauie ncojes ♦ %\yz Mofco is burnt tuerp Ciclte bp tbe 
 Crimmc the 24, Dap of S^ap iaQ.anDatt innumerable number of people : ano 
 tn the i£nglJfl)bOufe toaS fmotbereo Thomas Southam, Tofild, Wauerley, 
 Greenes luife ano cbilojen,tu)o trjflDjen of Rafe,$ moje to the number of 2 5 .perfong toere fiife* 
 leamoucTSeetefeHer tanopetintbefamefellerlBasRafe.ljisiniife, Iohn Browne, ano Ioha 
 Clarke pjefcrueo, ojIjicbtoastoonDcrfull . $nti there toent into that feller matter Glouer ano 
 mailer Rowley alfo : but becaufe tbe bente Bias fo great,thrp came foojtbagaine toitb mttcb pe* 
 riHjfotbatabopatt^eirfjctlesnjastakentoitbtbefire, pet tbep efcapeo blinofolo into another 
 feIler,ano tbere.as (Sods toill uoas,tbep toere p^eferueo. SCbe Cmperour fleo out ef tbe fielo,ano 
 manp of bis people niere carico a&iap bp tbe Crimmc Tartar : to toit,all tbe pong people, tlje olo 
 tbep tooulD not meDDletoitb, but let tljem alone, ano fotottberceeDiugmucbrpoileano infinite 
 p jiioncrs.tfjep returneo borne againe. CaJbat toitb tbe Crimme on tbe one fioe,ano toitlj b»s cru« 
 cltie on tlje otljer.be batb but fcto people left. Comment) me to mifirefle Lane pour tuife, ano 
 to sJ9,Locke,anD to all our fnciiQs, 
 
 Yours to command, RichardVfiombe. 
 
 1571 
 
 Qftttititot 
 
 s&aho burtit 
 bp &«nitiine. 
 «£ngliujmrn 
 finottjtrcb at 
 ilic burning af 
 sgofco. 
 
 fij).Glou« etlb 
 93. Rowley p|C> 
 
 fctneb. 
 
 A note of the proceeding of M. Anthonklenkinfon, Ambafladour 
 
 from tbe gueenes moft excellent Maiejlie, to the Emferour o/Ruffia, from the 
 time of his arriuall there, being the 2 6. of Iuly 1 j 7 1 . vncill his departure irom thence 
 thc23.ofluly 1572. 
 
 '•*£ $efaio 16. oap3iarriueDtoitljtbettoogcoDfbip8calleDtbe Swaiow ano tbe 
 J3« Harry in fafctte, at tbe 15aie of §>»Nicholas inEuffia afo?efapo, ano lanoeo at 
 Rofeaflano, fromtobenceimmcDiaterp3l fent atoap mp interpreter Daniel 
 Siluefter inpofltotoarositbeCourt.beingtben at tlje Mofco, tob_erebpbi0ina« 
 teffierrngbtasniellbeeaouertifeb of mp arriuall in bis Dominions, as alfo 
 ' toknotDbisbigbneflepleafitrefb^mp furtljcc acceffe , 3nD remaining at tbe 
 f apo 3!flanti ttoio 0; tljiee napes, to batte conference tuitb pour 9gent about pour affaires, 3) Ota 
 toellperceiuebptbenJojoesof tbe fapo %ent ano otbers pour feruants, tbat 31 toasentreO ire 
 Co great perilT ano Danger of mp life: foj tbep repojteo to mee tbat tbep Ijearo faio at tbe Mofco, 
 tbat tbe pnnces oifpleafure teas fucb againfi me.tljat if euer 3 came into W countrep againe, 31 
 fbouln loofe mpbeaUjtoitb otber tooios of Difcouragement. latbereat 31 toas not a Iitle mfmaio, 
 notknoniing tobf tber it biere bed fo? me to p;oceeo fo?uiarDs,o? to returne borne againe niitb Hit 
 O)ipsfo?tbefafegaroofmplife . 'But calling to mino mine innoeencie ano gooo meaning, ano 
 knotting mp felfe not to baue offenoeo bis C^aieflie anp maner of toapesi citber in toojo j oeeo, 
 0? bp making fojmer p^oinifes not perfomteo, beretofoje bp mine enemies falflp ftumi&o: ano 
 being oefirous to come to tlje triall tbereof,toberebp to iuflifie mp true Dealings, ano to rcp?ooue 
 mp fapo enemies as uiell bere as tbere, tobo baue not ceafeo of late bp bntruc reports to impute 
 tbe caufe of tlje fapo Cmperoja oifpleafure totoaros pou to pjoceeo of mp Dealings,anop?omifes 
 maoe to bim at mp lafi being toiib bim (altbougb bp W Utters to tlje SQuecnes spaieffie, ano bp 
 bis otone too^os to me tbe contrarp ooetb appeare) 3 oeterminee toitb mp felfe ratljer to put mp 
 life into bis bancs, fj bp tlje pjouioence of ©00 to p jofecute tlje cbarge committed Unto me,tben to 
 returne bcmeinUaine,oifcourageotoitbtbetoo?Ds of fucb> tobobao ratber tbat 3 baotaricoat 
 &ome,tben to be fent ouet toitlj fucb CMOtte,to&erebp 31 migbt Cft out tljctr ettil ooings,tbe onelp 
 caufe of pour loflc, 
 
 Wbtttioit, 
 
M.Anthony Ienkinfon. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 4.03 
 
 ffiUberefo ?e , le attinj tbe faio fbips tbe nine ano tmenticcb Dap of tbe monctb,3l oeparteo front 
 tbefeafioe.ano tbefirflof 3ugutt arriueoatColmogro,u)bere3l remaineoattenDingtlje returne 
 of mp fain meffenger mitb oper from bis S^aiettie. 
 
 15ttt all tbe Countrcp being fo?e DtCtcD bp t&e bano of ©oo toitb the plague, paffagc in etierp 
 pIaceteasfbutop,tbttnonemigbtpaffeinpaineofocatb:Sl[)p meffenger being eigbt buno?eth 
 miles upon bis map ,mas ftapco, ano kept at a totone calico Shasko, ano migbt not bee fuffcrto to 
 goe anp furtljer, neitberpet to returne bacfte againe,o? fenoc onto me: bp mcancs tobereof in tbe 
 fpace of foure monetbs, 31 coulo neither bcare no? knoto toljat teas become of bim, in toljiclj time 
 mp faio meffenger founo meanesto aouercife tbe GSouernour of tbe Citie of Vologda,ae toellof 
 bis flap,as of tbe caufe of bis conumng tbitber.tebo tent bim roo?o ctjae it toas not pofftble to parte 
 anpneerer tl;c p?ince mitbout furtbec o?oerfrom bis S9ateCie,tobo leas gone to tbe loarresa* 
 gainQ tbe S wethens.ano tbat be moulo aDuertife bis bigbneffe To foone as be migbt conuenientlp: 
 ano fo mpfaio meffenger mag fo?ceo to rcmaine tbere Hill Uoitbout anfojere.During tohicb time 
 of bis Cap tb?ougb tbe great oeatb(as afo?efaio,)3! founo mcanes to feno anotber meffcnger,toith 
 a guioe bp an bnknobocn map tb?ougb OJilocmeffe ; a tboufono miles about, tljinking tbat map be 
 fljoulo paffe mitbout let : but it pwouco cemrarp, fo? UK c tot fc bee being paffeo a great part of bis* 
 fournep,fell into tbe banoes of a uoatclj, ano efcapeo berp barolp,tbat bee ano W guioe toitb tbeic 
 bo?fesbao not bene burnt, acco?o;ngto tbelatoep?ouiDcofo?fucba8tooulDfeeke to parte bp in* 
 Direct uiapes,anD manp baue felt tbe fmart tljereof tobicfc bnt> not toijerctoitf) to bup out tbe paine: 
 ncitber coulo tbat mcffeiigcr recurue backc onto me, 
 
 ano trjtts toas 31 kept toitbo tit anfmcre o 2 o?ocr from bis SJtairflic, ano remat'neo at tbe faioe 
 ColmogrojtottiH tbe 1 8,of pmtarp folloming,neitber bauing a (Sentleman to fafegarn mc,no? 
 loogmg appointee me.no? allotoance of oictuals accojoing to tbe Countrep fafbion fo? ambaffa* 
 oours, tuljiclj argueo bis grieuous Dtfpleafurc to marcs our nation. Sinn tbe people of tbe Coun- 
 trep perceiuing tbe fame, Ofco totoaros mee ano mp companp tome oifcourtefies : but about tbe 
 a8,oap afo?efaio,tbc plague reafcD,ano tbe partages being opcnco,tbcre came o?oerfrom bisSg)a= 
 tclltc tbat 31 CjouId baue pofle bo?tes,ano bee fuffereo to Depart from Colmogro to goe to a Citie 
 talleo Peraflaue necre to tbe Court,his Spateflie being netolp returneD from tbe faio toarre«.ano 
 31 artiueo at tbefain Peraflaue tbej.of Jfeb?uarp,tobere 31 remaiiicD bnoer tbecbargeofagen* 
 tleman.bauing tben a Ijcufe appoint to me,«r allotoance of btctuals, but fo flrait Ip kept, tbat none 
 ofournatiotio?otbermigbtcomeo?fenDeontome,no? 3Uotbenn 9notbe i^offj&arcbfoloto* 
 ing,3l toas Tent fo? to tbe «Dourt,ano being toitbin tb?ee miles of tbe fame,a pofle bias fent to tbe 
 (gentleman tobieb bao tbarge of me, to returne backt againe toi t b mee to tbe im Peraflauc,ano 
 to rcmaine tbere ton till bis Spaiefiies furtber pleafure, lubcretoitbJ toasmucb DifmapcD, ano 
 marueileo lotjat tbat fuooen cbange ment,ano tbe ratber .becaufe it mas a troubiefome time,ant> 
 W S^ateffic mucb Difquieteo tb?ougb tbe ill fueceffe of bis affaires, (as 31 oto tmocrilanB,) ano 
 tbe ttoentietb of tbe fame,3l teas fent fo? againe to tlje Court,anD tbe 2 3 .31 came befo?e bis spa» 
 teftie, tebocauftDmee to kiffebisbanocanngaue gratiousau6itnceuntomp©?ation, grate* 
 fullp receiuing ano acccptingtlje Queenes Spaietties p?incelpletters,anDber p?efent,intljep?e* 
 fence of all bis nobilitie, after 31 baD finidjeo mp O?ation,too long bcre to rebearfe, anD Deliue» 
 reo benbigOneffe lettcrs,ano p?efent (as afo?efaio) tbe Cmperottr fitting in ropall cflateff ood bp 
 ano faio, ©ob) ootrj Clueene Elizabeth mp Gfler,is Qje in Ijealtb 1 : to tebom 31 anfuicreD,©oD eot& 
 bleffe ber Spaieme totrlj beak b, ano peace,anD ooetb teifb tbe like ttnto tljee lo?o, bee louing b?o« 
 tbcrXbcn bis S^atcQie fitting ootene againe,tommatmoeo alibis nobilitie ano otbers to Depart^ 
 ano auopoe tbe cbamber,fatting Vat cbiefe S>ecretarie,ano one otljer of tbeCounfeil,ano toiiltng 
 me to appjocb neere tonto bimmitb mp 3!nterp?eto?,faio bnto me tbefe too?os» 
 
 Anthony.tbe lafl timctbouOiatttoitbbsbeere, toee did commit bntotbee our trullte ano fee 
 cretapertage, tobeoeclaren onto tbe fiueenes S^aiettieberfelfe tbpS^iflreffeattbpcomming 
 bome.ano Dto erpec t tb? comming onto 03 againe at tbe time mee appointeo, mitb a full anfmere 
 oftbe fame from berbigbnerte, Sno in tbe meane time tljere came bnto bs at feuerall timess 
 tb?eemeffengers,tbeonc calleo Manly, tbe other George Middlcton,ano Edward Goodman, 
 bp tbe map of tbe Name about tbe q^ercbants affaires: to tobomtotefent our meffenger to fenom 
 tobetbertbou Anthony, toere returneo bame infafetie, ano toben tljoufboulDcli returne fonto 
 bs againe : but tbofe meffengers coulo tell os notbmg,ano DiD mifcaH 5 ano abttfe toitlj euil mo?os, 
 botb our meffenger ano tbee, mberetoitb teee mere mucb offenoeo. anobnoerffanDtngtbat tbe 
 faio Goodman bao letters about bim, me caufeo bim to be fearcbeo, toitb tobom mere founo ma* 
 up letters, mberein teas written mucb againftour p?incelp effate, ano tbat in cur empire toere 
 manpbnlamfull tbings Done, tobereat toe mere mucb grteueo,?; mottlo fuffer noneof tljofe ruoe 
 meffengers to Ijaue acceffe bnto os : ano flbojtlp after teee teere mfourmeo tbat one Thomag 
 
 Randolfe 
 
4°4- 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Al. Anthony hnh^nfon* 
 
 Randol fc was come into our Dotnittions bp ttje map of D wina.ambaflaDotirf rom tlje Q«ecn?, 
 anD toe fent a (gentleman to meete ano conoucc him to our Ctttc of Mofco.at tohtcb time toe loo^ 
 fcco that thou fi)6ulDe£hauereturiicDbutobsagaim\ Sno the fain Thomas being arriucD at our 
 faio Citte, luce fent sr.to tjitn Diuers ttmcs,tbat ijec (houlD come ano conferee toitb our Counfell, 
 tobetebp toenughtDntjerltanD thecaufe of his commmg,looRingfo;i anftocreof thofe ourpnncc* 
 Ip affaires committeD bnto thee, TBut bee refufci) to come to our faio Counfell: toljerefoje, ano 
 foj that our faice Cute teas utfitco tottbplague, the faioc Thomas toas the longer feept f romour 
 p^efence, ft£lhicbbcmgceafeD,foojtbtoith tote puefaimacteueanoauotence, but all his talfce 
 toith bs toas about spercbasus affaires, ano nothing touching ours. {H3eelmotoetbatSper= 
 ibants matters are to bEcl)earD,fo?tbat thep are the flap of ourpjjncelptreafures: 13iit firtf 
 Pu'nces affaires are tobecu\ibliujeD,anDthettSpertban£S,. Sfter this the fntD Thomas Ran- 
 dolfc was tuitlj bs at our Citte of Vologda,anD toee Dealt toith lu'm about our pnncrlp affaires, 
 toherebpamitiebettoirtthcllueraesipiieltteano bs might bee eaabliiheDfojeticr, ano mat* 
 terstotre agreeo ano concluDcDbettoirt pour ambaffaDoura'nDbs, ano thereupon toee fent out 
 ^mbaffaoour into Cnglami toith htm to cnoe the fame: but cur Smbaffabour returnctr into bs a - 
 gainctoubout Sntujitig our fato affaires, comrarp to our £rpcttattoti,ano the agreement bettoirt 
 USjOno pour fato 9mbaffaDour, 
 
 Ctjus toben Ins apaieflie tjab maae a long oifcourfe,3l bumblp bcfccchea his ht'gbneue to hcare 
 me grECtouflp,aub to gtue me Icattc to fpeake toitbout offence, ano to beleette thofe toojbes to be 
 true tobtclj 31 Ojottlo fpeafer. CKhtcljhe gratintcD,ano thefe lucre mp toops. 
 
 Spott noble ana famous punce, the meffage tohtcb thp Ijighncffe did fetioe upmec bnto the 
 SElucene bcr mot! crcellent sipaielite touching tljp pu'ncdp ano fecret affaires, tmmeniatIp,anB 
 fo foone as 31 came home , 31 did Declare both fecretlp ano truelp bnto the £Hteenes 9$aieQte her 
 fcIfe,toojDfo?toa?o, asthott Lojd oiDDeffcommaunDmee, M2hichhcrfaighn£uxDiatoi!Iinglp 
 hcare ano accept, anD being mmtiefull thereof; anbtoillrngtoanftectc tlje fame, thcncjctfbip* 
 ping after,hcr SpaieUie did fenDe bntotljee, Io?D, berhighnelfc SmbaffaDour ThomasRan- 
 dolfe,tobofeapp;iooueDtoifeDome anDfioelttie toas bnto her spaieffietoelIluiotocn,anDtberc* 
 foje tl;ougbt meete to beefent to fotoo?tbp niP?ince,toho baDCommilficnnotonelptotrcate 
 toitb thp $$atci2ic of S^ercljants affaires, butalfooftbofethp^uucelpanD fecret affaires com* 
 mitteDbntomee. SttDthccattfe (moftgractou3^?inee)that3itoaSnotfemagaine, toas, fo? 
 that 31 toas implopeD-'in feruice Dpcn the <§>caa againG theillueenesCpatHtics enemies, ano 
 teas not returnca home at fuch time as SpafterThomasRandolre Dcpartco toith the grippes, 
 to come into thp spK&tes Countrcp , otbertotfe 3i baD bene fent, 8nD toljereas thp Spaie* 
 fh'e faith.tbat rhomas Randolfetooulo not treate toith thpCounfellof the matters of bis te< 
 Ration, hec did (lo?D) therein acco?aing to his Commiffion : tobith toast JFirtt to ctale toith 
 thp £paiemc thp felt'e, tobicb o^oer Is commoulp DfcD among all J9;jmces , tohen thep feno their 
 9mbaffaDours about matters of great toaight, Sno toljereas the faioe Thomas is chargeD tljat 
 beeagreeDanDConcluDcDbponmattcrsattijefamettme, anD piomifca tljefamc CjoulDbceper< 
 fourmcDbptheSLiueenehcrSpaieftte : thereupon (£o?d) thou DioDcufenD thp SmbaflaDouc 
 •totthhun into CnglaitD,fo?anftoere thereof: 3itmappIeafethpC©aieaieto DnDerSanb, tljataa 
 thefaioe Thomas'Randolfe Dceth confcfTe, that in DeeDeheehaotalRetotchtbpl£igfcnefie,anii 
 counfeliDtttcrs times about pjincelp affaires teuenfohee Denieth that etterhec did agree, cctu 
 clube, 0} make am p?omife in anp coitDittou c} opstt , as is allcageo, cthertoife then it fljouto 
 pleafe t^e £luecne her SSaieftie to like of at his rcturne home, tohtclj bee oto iuStfie to thp Jpigh* 
 ncs 3mbaffaDo? his facein englanD.SKfjerefojc, ttio a miobtp 1P?tnce,tt Doth toell appeare,that 
 either thp 3mbauaDo? DiDbittrulp enfomie tlip ^aieCie, o? els thp p?tucelp nnnoe, ano the true 
 meaning of tlje fnueer.es bigbnesber ambaffaDo?, fo?toant ofagooD3[ntcrp?eto?,toas not toell 
 DtiDcrdooD : amrhoto thankefullp tijeCiuetne herfpaicQie Din receitte tljp htgbncs ccmntenDa« 
 tions, ano letters fent bp tbpSpaicCies9mbaffaDo?,nnD hotograttouHpfijeegauebimauDience 
 funbjp tanee.bfingb m toith fucb honour in all points fo? tb? fane, Lo?D, her leuttig bjotljer, ass 
 the like toas neuecfhcteeD to anp ambaffatioj in ourEealme, anDbotohonourablptoitbfuUatt* 
 ftoere in all things, her ^aieffie DtfmiffcD him, tohen bee hao finiOjeo all thp pjincelp affaires (as 
 it fcemeo)to his otone conteutation, it map toell appearc bp a true certificate latelp fent toith bet 
 Ijigbneslctterbnto thee io?D, h-p her meffenger Robert Beaft, anD her gpateffie Did fuppcfe that 
 tljattlipambaiTaDc^toouiD baue maoe report acco?Dtng!p, anD tl;atbphtm thp bt'ghnes teoulo 
 Ijauebcnefatil'eeDin all tfcingSt otljertoifcactosulDljattefentberfpaielliesambairaDojtoitb 
 Androvs^m 1 himbttto tbceIo?Dagatne. I5utnotohcrhtgljnesperceuungthattbpspaiefiifisnotful!pfattf= 
 MmbaciBoiic p eD w t [,p |3uuccip affaires,nettljer bp Thomas Randolfe.ber bigbnes 9mbaffaDo?,no? bp tbtne 
 tamtse <zm. ^^^jjg^ AndrcaSauin, nojpetbpbtr^fliefiies letter fent bptbcfaio Andrea.- anbal-- 
 
 fo 
 
M.Anthony lenfynjon. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 4.05 
 
 fa bnoecfianDing tbp great griefe ano oilpleafure tomato? fir William Garret,anD bis companp, 
 merchants traftiWng in tbp S0aic(ltes Dominions,batb tbougbt goon to feno mee at tbis pjefenc 
 onto tbeeioja<£mpero;t, ano great Dufee^sineltoit^etbtgbneBfulmt'nD.touciiingtbpp^nce' 
 Ip affaire?, as alfo to knob) t^c iutt caufc of tbp 99a(eflies faio Oifpleafure totoarDS tl;e fato com-- 
 panp of metcbantstano tjatfj comrnanDeo me to anftoere to all tbings fit tbetr bebalfe , ano acco?* 
 Ding to tfeetc true meanings* jfo} ber Ijigbnes eotlj fuppofe tljp afatefftcs inoigitation to pjo-- 
 eteDeratberbpontbeeuill, ano untrue repots of tbplate ambalTaooj in Cnglano, anooffuctj 
 toickeo petfons of our nation reftoent Ijere in tbp In'glnies Dominions, rebels to Ijer ^ateme,ann 
 tbeirCouncrep,cbenof anpiufloefertsof tbe faio merchants, toboneuertoillinglpbeferueD tbp 
 bigbnefle Difpleafttre,but ratber fauour in all tljeir Doings aim meanings, 9no Once tlje firtt time 
 of tbetr trafficking in tbp f{Neflies oomtnions.bjbicb is note nineteene peres.tbe faio merchants 
 battebene,ano arcaltoapesreabp anDtoillingtruelpto fcrue tbpbiglweffe of all tbings mcetefoj 
 tb? ^reafutte, in time of peace ami of toarre in oefpite of all tbp enemies : altbougb tbe Pn'nccS 
 oftfje €afl §>eas were agreeo to fioppe tlje founo, ano tbe toap to tbe Name, ano baue bjottgbt, 
 anu do bring from time to time fucb commooitie to tbee,Lo?D, as ber S8)aieftie ooetb not fuffer to 
 betranfpo?teijfoo}tbofbefHealmetonootbErlP?inceoftbeiuo}lD, 9notobat great lottos tbe 
 faio fir William Garret, witrj bis companp batb futtaineo of late peeres in tbis trace, as toell bp 
 g>bipto?acke, as bp falfe feruants it is mantfcQlp fenotoen : anu tobat ferutce tbe faio companies 
 &bipsoio bnto tbp 9£aieflie agatntttbp euemies,ttoo peerespaffin going to tbe Name, tobw 
 tbep fougbt britb tbe King of Poles firippes freebooters, ano burnt tbe fame ano fieto tbe people, 
 ano as manp as toere taken altue oeliuereo unto tbp Captaine at tbe NarueJ trufi tbp bigbneue 
 ootbnotfojget. MU)ercfojemottmfgbtppunce,tbe pjemifesconfioereo, tbeSQuecnebermott 
 ercellent Sgaielrie djp loutng filler , ooetb requcft tbp bigbnes to reffo je tbe faio fir Willi am Gar- 
 ret toJitbb'S companp into tbp pn'ncelp fauour againe, mitb tbetr pjiuileoges foj free trafftque 
 toitb tbp accuttomet) gooones ano iuflice, to be minittreo bnto tbem tbicugbottt all tbp Spatefiies 
 Dominions, as afejetime : ano tljat tbe fame map be fignifieb bp tbp Pnncelp letters , DirccteD to 
 tbp officers in all places,anp tbp rjigbnette commaumjcment o J rellraint to tbe contrarp notbritb* 
 Canning, 3no furtber tbat it brill pleafe tbp S©aiettie,not to giue crccite to falfe repo ?ts,anb bn* 
 true fuggetttonsof fucb as are enemies, ano fttdj as nettber toottlo baue mtttuall amitie to ccntt* 
 nue bettotrt pour spaieffies,noj pet entf rcourfe betbrirt pour countries. 9no fucb rebels of our 
 nation, as Ralfe Ruttcr, ano otbers tobicb Ipe lurking bere in tbp tytfrnts uomintons,fcefting to 
 fotoebittenttons bettoirt pour Spaiefliesbp falfe furmifes, fpentnngatoaptbeir matters gooes 
 rtotouflp, ann toill not come borne to giue bptbeiraccomyts, aouancinstbemfeluestobemer* 
 tbants s antiable to terue tbpbigbnesof all tbings fit foj tbp treafurie,tt)bereas inoeeti tbep be of no 1 
 treotte.noj able of tbemfelucs to do tbpS^atettieanpferuice at all: tbeClueenes bigbnes requell 
 iBjtbatitinoula pleafe tbp spaieflte to rommauno tbat fucb perfonsmap be oelittereD bnto me to 
 lie carien bome.leaff bp tljeir temapning bere,ano bauingp?actifes ami frienofbip taitb fucb as be 
 nottbp bigbneffeftienbes,tbeiretttl Doing migbt be acaufe beteafter totmri)D?abi tl;p gooDneis 
 ftom fir William Garret anb bis companp, tofjobaue true meaning in all tbeir Doings, ano are 
 reaop to feme tbp bigtjneffe at all times,bfing manp otber toojDs to tlje aouancement of pour ere* 
 bits.anb tbe bifgractng of pour enemies, anofo 31 enoeD fo^ tbat time. 
 
 'CbenfapobiSSpaiettie^e battebeatopou, ano toill confiDer of all tbings furtbcr,toben toee* 
 IjauereaDtbcSiueeneourfitterslettersttotobomaanfbjereD, tbat 3 fuppofeo bis djtaiefiie 
 fijoulD bp tbofe letters buoerttano ber bigbneffe full minoe to bis contentatton, ano tufjat manteo 
 tn in jittng, 31 b <>b creDite to accomplifb in bj op. SHbcretoitb bis S^aiettie fee meo to be tocl pica* 
 feo,anb commamiDCD me to fit noume, 9nD after patofing a biljile , bis $$m5iz fata tbefe toojos 
 bnto me, 3It is noto a time tobicb bie fpenb in faf!ing,anD p?aping, being tbe bieeke befoje Ca» 
 ttcr,anbfo? tbat toe toillujo^tlpDepatt from bence,tou)arDSourbo?DersofNouogrod,bJee cart 
 not giue pouanftoere.nojpourbifpatcb b«e,but pou (ball goe from bence, anD tarp bs bpontbe 
 toap.tobcretoec brill flio.2tIp come, ann ttjen pou ft)all ttnotoe our pleaftire, anD baue pourDtf^ 
 patcb- 9nD fo3 toasDifmiffeDtompIoDging, ano tbe fame Bap 33 bab a Dinner reaop ojettfent 
 me from bis 9(Nettie, bJitb great CojeofDjinkes.ofDiuersfo^ts, anBtbenertbapfoHobiingr, 
 beingtbe fourcanb ttoentietb of sparcb afo?efapoe, tbecbiefe i§>ecretarp to bis 9paieflp,fent 
 bnto meea©entleman,tofigntfiebntomee,tbattbeCmperours f^aiefties pleafure toaSj 31 
 ujouIbimmeDtatlp Depart totoarbs a Citie, calleo Otwer,tb?ee bunDjeo miles from tbe afo?efain 
 Sloboda.anotberetotarp bis bigbnes cornmingbmoaplacecalleDStaryts,tb?eefto^ miles 
 fromtbefapoOtwer. 
 
 'Cben 31 fent mp 3|nterpjeto? to tbe cvjt'efe <g>ecretarp,requetting Ijim to furtbet,anb ttjeto W 
 fauour bnto out faioe mcrcbants in tbetr Kites, bJljiclj tljep fboulD baue occafion to motte in mp aiv- 
 
 fence: 
 
4°tf 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M. Anthony Ienfynfbn. 
 
 fence tiutjo feiit niciiwjo againe,that tljep (boulo be toel afCiucD of biafrtenDfbip.anD furtherance 
 in an tbeir f tit es , 3it& f o? thtoitlj yoS bojfes mere fent me.toitb a Gentleman to contmct me* ano 
 fo Departing from tbe fatDSloboda/Jarriueo at tbefaiDOiwcr.tbe j8,of S©arcbafo?efaiD,tobere 
 3) rcmaineo til tljccioftt of £pap folotoino;. %\ytn 31 toas fent fo? to come Onto Ijts Sg)aieflie,to cfjc 
 fatoStaryts 3 tobcrc3arttueBtlietent^oftl)cfanie,ai«itf)ettoeIft[)oftIjefame 31 ton? appoitueD 
 to come to elje cbiefe Secretary ,lnho at our meeting fain onto me trjefe toojDs, 
 
 £»( tr Lo jo € mpcro?,ano great Dukc,ijath not onelp perufeo tlje Queene ber bigbnes letters 
 Tent bp pott,ano tbercbp Doetb perceiue tier minDe,as toell toucijing tbeir p?inccip affatres,as alto 
 bet earned re que ft in tfje merchants ber)alfe,buc aifo tjatlj toell ponoereD pour toojDs, 9no t^ere- 
 foje bis ^niefliEE plcafure is, tbat pott let me tmoerfranD tobat futes pou bauc to moue in tbe mer> 
 chants bebalfe, o? otbertoife, fo j trjac to mojrotoe pou foall baue accefle agame onto pi? pigpnen, 
 anD fljall baue full anftoere in all things, toitb pour Dtfpattij atoap. 
 
 %[)ta after long conference Ijao toitlj Ijim of oiuers matters, 31 gaue hint in touting certaine 
 b)itk articles of requtffs.tobicb 31 baD d jatoen out reaop,as folotoetb : 
 
 t jTirfl tbe ©ueenes ^aieftie ber requefi is, tbat it tooulo pleafe ttje Cmpero js bigbnefle 
 to let me knoto t be iutt caufe of bis great Difpleafur e fallen upon fir William Garrard, 9 bis com- 
 panp.tobo neuer ecferweo tlje fame, to tbeir knotoleoge, 
 
 1 aifo that it tooulo pleafe bis bigbnes not to giue creoite onto falfe anD untrue reports, 
 bp fuel) as feeke to fotoc oiifention,ano b?eake f tienoilup bectoirt tbe Q ucenes bigbnefie, ano bis 
 Spaieflie. 
 
 3 9lfo tbat it toouto pleafe bis spatettie to receitte tlje fain fir William Garrard,toitbbis com* 
 panp into bis fauour againe,anti to re tto?c them to tbeir former pjiuileoges ano liberties,^ free 
 traffike in.ano tb?ougb, ano out of al his Spaieftics Dominions, in as ample matter as afo jt time, 
 acco?oingco bis pjmcelp letters of p>iuileDge,ano accuttomeD goooncs. 
 
 4 3 Ifo it tooulo pleafe bis bigbnes to graimt,tbat tbe faio companp of merchants map bane 
 iuQice of all Ijis tub tec t s, as toell fo? monep otoing onto tbem,as otber tbeir griefes ano tnturic s, 
 t b jougbottt al bis Dominions futTreo fince tbe time of bis d tfpleafu re,ouring tobfeb time, tl;e met* 
 chants toere fojceo bp feuere iuttice to anfmer to al mens d emanDS,bu t tbetts coulc not be bearo. 
 
 5 Slfo tljat bis S@aieftie ruoulo bnoerfiano, tbat mucb Debts are otoing to tbe fain mercbanw, 
 bp Ditters of bis jQobtlttie,tobereof part arc in ourancc,anD fome erecutco,anD tbe fa D mercbantg 
 knotonotbotoetobepaioe, ano anftuertD tbe fame, ercept bis bigbnes pitie tbeir cafe,anD com* 
 ntaunD fome ojoer to be taken t bcrein. 
 
 6 Slfo it bJotilo pleafe bis Ijigijnes to commauno tbat tbe faioe merchants" map be papce all 
 fucb fit mme 0; f ummes of monep as are omtng,anD Due onto tbens bp bis ^atedtr, fo? toares,as 
 mell Cnglifl) , as Shamaki, taken into bis bigbnes treafurp bp bis officers in fuuojp places, tbe 
 long forbearing toljereof batb bcne,ano is great Ijinoe ranee to tbe fato companp of mercbants. 
 
 7 aifo it tooulo pleafe bis SpaieGic to bnoerfianD ,tljat at tbts p jefent time tbere are in Pcr- 
 fia of Cnglifl) mercbantS, Thomas Banifter, ano Geffrey Ducket, \avfy tbtir companp,? gOODS, 
 reaop to come into bis S^ateSies ccuntrep of Aftracan, anD teoulo Ijaue come tbe laC peere, but 
 tbat tbe flnp.loitb our merebsnts ano manners appointeo to gocfo?tbcm,i»erettapcD tx Aftra- 
 canbpbtsbigbnesCaptatne tbrre,to tbe great binoerance of tlje faiD merchants. Wbmtoizit 
 ■ map noto pleafe bis S^aieQie to Direct bis p?. incclp letters Onto bis Captaines ano rttlers,botb at 
 Aftracan ano Caz an ,not onelp to fuffer our people,as ttiell mercbants as mariners, qttietlp aim 
 freelp to paffe ano repatfe tnitb tbeir fl;ippcs,barkes, 0; otber befiels Dotone tlje riut r Volga.anB 
 ouer tbe Mare Cafpium,to fetch tbefapo €ngii(b merchants, with tbeir companp ano gooos,out 
 of tbe fapD Perfia,into bts J^aiefl ies Dominions ,b tit aifo tbat it too tilo pleafe bis btgbnes Are tgb t* 
 Ipto commanD,tbattoben tbefapa Thomas Banifter, anD Geffrey Ducker,toitb tbeir cbarge,u)al 
 arriue at tlje fapo Aftracan, bis SpaieQiesCaptaine tbere, ano in all otber places upon tbe riuec 
 Volga,Q)all Co apoe ano aula the fapo merchants, as tl;ep map be fafelp conoucteD out of tbe Dan* 
 ge r of tbe Ctimmes.ano other tbeir enemies. 
 
 S aifo it map pleafe bis bigbnes to bnoerfianD, that latelp our mercbants comming from 
 Shamaki, baue bene ill bfeo bp r)i^ ^dieaies Cuflomers, both at Aftracan anoCazan, atbotb 
 tobtcb places tfoep toere foueo to pap cuQome f oj tbeir toares, although tbep foloe no part tbcreof, 
 but brought tbe fame into bis bighneffe treafurp at Sloboda: ano tl)t fapD CuOomcrs did not onlp 
 tract ,atiD take mucb WW cuQome then toas Due bp bis £*# aicfitcs latoes,bttt aifo fo ? toant of p jc 
 fent monep, tooke toares mucb erceeoing tb»teratteo cttCome, anD Doe keepe tbefameasta 
 patone. 3itmap thcrefo?e pleafe bis bigbnestoDirectbispiincdp letters to tbe fatDCuflomers, 
 to fignifie onto cbem bis great gooones agaiite retfojeo sneo tbe fain €ngliu) mercbants, as aifo 
 tocommanotbrmtofenDtbefaiDrnttcbantstbeir faiDgooosfaDctaineD, op totbeMofco,tbep 
 
 paping 
 
M.rfntbony Ien^injbn. Trafliques,& Difcouenes, 4,07 
 
 papfng fucljeufiome fo? the fame, as (fjall be bp bis Spaiettie appointed, 
 
 9 aifo that it tooulo pleafe bis fjigbnetTc to grant,tbac fir William Garrard intcfj fjte compa* 
 nic map ettablifb their trace fo? merchaiunfc at Colmogro in D wina,anc that fucb toarcs as (bal 
 be b?ought out of our Cctintrcp fit fo? bis tmiftirie might be lookeo Upon, ann rcceiueo bpbis of- 
 ftcers there; ann that Ijis spaiettics people traffiking toitb our merchants map b ?ingnotene their 
 commooittes to tlje faioe Colmogro, bp meanes tobereof the fatoe Cngiiii) merchants auopning 
 trreat troubles ano charges, in tranfpo?ting tljcir pons fo farre, ano into fo manp places of his 
 Dominions : map fell the fame better eljeape, to the benefite of Ijis S©aieff ies fttbiccts. 
 
 10 aifoifitfeemeogoootorjisbigbncs, that the tohole trace liftctoife from Pcr(ia,Boghar, 
 ano all other tbofeCotmtreps beponb the Marc Cafpium, might becffabufbeD at Aflracan, the 
 ancient Spartetotone in times paft, tobicb tooulo be botljfo?tbe great honour anopjofice of bis 
 S£aiettp,am> fubiects,as 31 am toell able top?ootte,tf it toill pleafe Ijis bighneffe to appoint anp of 
 (jis counfell to tslke toitb me therein. 
 
 1 1 aifo foiafinueh as it pteafeo bis 3paietrie,immeDtatlp after the burning of the Mofco, to 
 commano that the faio tfmgUfb mcrcljants ftjouio giue in a note into bis ^reafurp,fo? their toffeS 
 futtaineobp the faio fire, tobicb toasoonebp William Rowly,tbencl;iefe 9gentfo? fir William 
 Garrard ano Ijis companp, ano tlje particulars in tlje fame note confumeo bjitb tlje faio 6re nib a« 
 mount to tije fumme of i oooo.rubbles ano abatie : 3!t map pleafe Jjis highnes of Ijis accutt omen 
 goomtes ano great clemencic to conficer of tlje fame,ano to giue tlje faio companp fo much as fbal 
 fceme gooo bnto bis Spaieftie.totoarcs their faiD loffes. 
 
 1 2 9lfo that it mill pleafe his Ijf gljnefie to bneerOano tljat tfje CUtceneS mott crtellmt spa* 
 icflie, at the carnefi futc anc requett of Andrea Sauin bis S©atefiits 9mbaffaoottr, bib not onelp 
 paroon anc fo?giue Thomas Glouer (jt's great ano grieuous offences totoarosher Ijigljneffe corn* 
 nritteo.onelp fo? bi3 9paieff ies falte.but alfo rommanbeb fir William Garrard toitb (jis companp, 
 tooeale fauourablp toitb the faio Glouer in bis accompts, to tobom Ije toas iunebtco gteatlp, ana 
 being their feruant,oetaineo their goons in bis faanos a long timc:tobereupon tlje faiofir William 
 Garrard toitlj bis companp counteb toitb tlje fain Glouer,ano enceo all things euen to l;is faioe 
 contentation,ano toastounn to beenebterto tlje fain companp ^ooo.rubblcs anoaboue,ana 
 bouno bimfelfeboth bp Ijis folcmne otbc, anb bis banD-to?iting,to pap trje fame immectatlp after 
 bis returne into Rufln toitlj tljefatn Andrea Sauin, bnto Nicholas Prodror cljiefe 9gcnt there, 
 fo? tlje fain companp of merchants* 15ttt although it is noto ttoopceres pafi Jncetlje fain agree= 
 ment.ann that tlje faio Nicholas bath niuers ann funnjp times rcquefi en the faio monep of thefatu 
 Thomas, pet mill he not pap tlje fame oebt, but manctf) nelap from time to time, allcangtng that 
 his Spaicftie obJetlj him a great fumme of monep , bJitbout tlje papment tohcreof %z cannot be a- 
 blc topap the fain merchants his nue oebt long fo?bame,to tljcir great hinberance, 3In eonfiDera* 
 tton of tlje p^emiffes, gjt map pleafe bis bigbneffe to giue ojoer tljat the faio Glouer map be papn, 
 ann that be map nifchargc his Debt to the fain companp of merchants, ann tbe rather foj tljat hec 
 founn futlj mercie ann fauour in (Englann, onelp fo? his Spicifies fake. 
 
 13 9lfo fojafmttclj as RalfeRutterarebell to tlje ©uecnes Spaiellie, ann an enemie to bis 
 Countrcp,ann to fir William Garrard ann his companp, hath of long time rematnen here, liuinoj 
 of the fpoplcs ann goons of tlje fain merchants, Mjicb he toyongfullp oetainco in his han6es,rio« 
 toufipfpenning the fame, curing the time tljat betoas their feruant, ann mottln not come home 
 tohenheu)asfcntfo?,annalfofo?tljat tlje Iltieenesapaiefttenothbnnerffannjtljat tlje fain Ralfe, 
 toith other bisaoberents, Boe feeke bp all falfe meanes to fotoe ntffention, ann b?cake amitie be^ 
 ttoijet tljeir £©aiefiies,atin to ouertlj joboe the trane of tlje fain merchants:Jt)er Ijigljnes requefi is, 
 tljat the fain Ralfe toitlj his complices map be ocliueren unto me,to be cari'en home,ann none otbec 
 of her S^aiefiics fubiccts, not bting of tljefocictic of the fain Sir William Garrard ann his com* 
 panp, to be fuffereo ro traffifee toitljin his bigbnes Dominions, but to be neliucren to tljcir 3gent 
 ta bee fent home: fo? tljat tlje faio merchants toitlj great charges ann loffes, bstbbplbiptojacke, 
 ann riotous ferttants ,ninfirtffinneouttbistraDe, anDhauccontinueo tlje fametljefe is».peeres, 
 to their great Ijinocrance. 
 
 14 9lfo tohereasoiuers matters ano artificers of our Nation areljeretnhtsS©aiefiics fcr« 
 ttice, ano oo finoetljemfeluesgrieucntljattljep cannot Ijauelicence to Depart home into tljeirna* 
 tiueCountrepattljeirtoillann plcafure: the Uiuecnes 9^aief!ies requett is, acco?ning to hec 
 highnes to?itingin that beljalfe,tljat not onelp it toill pleafe his Spaicftie to permit anb fuffer fuclj 
 artificers here reticent in the feruice of his highnes, to haucfreclibertie to cepart,ano go home 
 toitljme, if tbep requett tlje fame,but alfo all other tlje like.tobicb ujall come hereafter to ferue bia 
 ^aiettp, to haue free libertie to Depart lihetoife.toitljout anp let 0? flap, 
 
 15 3lfn it map pleafe Ijis. £©ate(Jjj to bnoerfiann that During tbe time of mploeg being at 
 
 Colmogro, 
 
408 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M.Anthony Ienkinfon 
 
 Colmogro , atcenomg b*s bigbncfle pleafure fo? mp futtljer accede , 31 toitb mp company baue 
 not onelp bene ill bfeo ano intreateo tljere, ano likctoife tbe mercbants tiieie,bp one Befion Myf- 
 fereuy bis apaieflies cljiefe officer, toljo Ijatlj oiujonoureo me, ano fmitten mp people , ano otoetfj 
 tlje faioe mercbants mucb monep , ano mill not pap tfjem : but alfo the faice Beflbn Ijatlj fpcken 
 toojocS of Difljonour againft tbe Qtteenes g^aieliie. <K!Jberefo?e it map plcafe bis bigbneifc 
 tofenDDotonetoitbme to Colmogro, a<§cntleman,astocllcb!eflptofearcbfoo?tbbiseuilb£ba= 
 uiour totoaros ber Spaiettie, as totoaros me ber bigbneffe 9mbalfaoo>, ano to puniflj bint arco?= 
 Dinglp : ano alfo tbat it tooulo pleafe hie Spaiettic to fence oetone bis letter of iuflice, bp bertue 
 tobereof tlje fain Beflbn map be fojceo to pap all fucb monep as be etoetlj to tfjc fapo mercbants, 
 toitljoutoelap. 
 
 16 aifotbat it tooulo pleafe W btgbneffe tobnoerffano, tbatfir William Garrardtoitbbis 
 companp bncerflanoing of tbe great Dearth in bis Spaietties eommions,bp licence of tbe ©ueena 
 Spaieflte,(not odjertoife permittee) batbfentrcrtaincujipslacen toitb come into bis bigbttefle 
 (Countrep of D wyna, ratljer fo? tbe reliefeof bis 2paietties fubiccts , tben to? anp game: pet tbe 
 gooo toil of tbe fato mercbants ligbtlp regaroec.tbcp toere fojbioDen to fel tbe fstn come,to tbeic 
 great oifcouragnnentbereafterto fcno anp mo?e, CQberefoje it mappleafe l;ts IjigfjncfTcco tee- 
 ner tlje goob toill of tbe faio mercljants, as toell in fcnoing tbe faioc come, as in «ll otbcr tljings, 
 reaop to ferue bis S^aiefiie, ano to Direct bis letters to bis officers of D wins, to fuffer tbe faioe 
 mercbants toitb tbeir companp,to fell tlje faio come bp meafuce,great 0? fmall at tbeir pleafure, 
 toitbottt paping cuCtome. 
 
 CbefeartitIe9beingoeliuereototbccbiefe^)ecretarp,asafo?efapt!e^n'ocurtalfeeettBeDfo? 
 tbat time, 3! oeparteo to mp looging , accompamcD toitb certame (Sentlemtn, %\)t nert Dap,be* 
 ing tbe 1 3 .of spap afojtefaio, % bao toarning carelp in tbe morning, to prepare mp felfc to be at 
 tbe (Court, bettoirt tbe boures of 1 o.ann 1 1 f of tbe clcckc, toljeic 3i fljottlc baue acccfle bnto tbe 
 p?cfenceoftbelp?incc,as toell to receiueanftoereofall tljings, astobeesifnnffeotogoebome. 
 9t tobicb boures 31 toas fent fo? to tbe Court, ano bjougbt into tbe Cbamber of p?cfence, toljere 
 Ijis spaiettie oto fit apparelleD mod fiimp t uoullp, toitij a etclje Cra tone bpon bis bcas, garnilrjco 
 toitb manpp?ettousttones,biselcettfonneGttingbp bint, anomanp ofbis 3f2obilitie about bim: 
 ano after mp ouetie none, bis btgbneffe commanoeo me to app?oc!j bcrp neere bnto bim,ano fapoe 
 bntometbefetoojoes, 
 
 Anthony, tlje iQueene our louing filler ber letters toee baue eaufeo to be tranfiaf eo , ano ooe 
 toell bnoerQanotbcfamc,ano of all tbings as tocll therein containeo, as bptoojoe of moutbbp 
 pou to bs Declare toee Ijatie toell conGoereo, ana ooe pcrceiue tbat our fecretmeffage bnto 
 poucommitteD,toas oonetruelpaccojcingto our mince (altljougb toee toere aoutrttfee to tbe 
 contrarp ) ano notoe toee are bp pou fullp fatif Sec, 9no toijen toee bio fenoe our ambaffaoout 
 into Cnglanf , about tbofe our great ano toatgb tie affaires, 1 conduce tbe fame toitb tbe O tic t nc 
 our filler, our ambaflaoour coulee ence notljingfojtoantof fucbaffurance astoasrequiGteta 
 pnncelp affaires, accojemg to tbe maner of allC8untrcps,bttt toas Difmifleoantobsagaine, 
 «e«?np«oj0 to "& letters of fmall effect, toucbing tbe fame, ano no ambaffaoour fent toitb bint from tlje 
 oirp iMfnr j. 2Huccne : tobicb caufeo bs to t binke, tbat our p^incelp affaires toere fet afioe , ano little regar* 
 ccd, toberetoitb toee toere at tbat time mucb grieueo : to? tbe tobicb caufe, ano fo? t\)t euill beba< 
 uiour of pour mercbants, reticent in our Dominions ( toljo bauc d t tiers toapes tranfgreueD ano 
 fyo&en our la toes ,It uing toilf ttllp in al tbeir Doings)toe bio lap our beauie oifpleafure bpon tbem, 
 ano bio take atoap from tbem tljetr pn'uileDge, commaunbin g tbat tbe fame tb?ottgbout all our 60° 
 minions,ff)oulD be bopo,anb of none effect: anb tbereuponbio tonte totbe Slueene our fifier,tou« 
 cljingotirgriefes. 
 
 9nonotoebecbigbneffcbatl)fentbntobSagame, pou ber 9mbaffaDour, toitb ber louing let* 
 ters.ano full mmDe,tobicb toe ooe tbanbefullp receiue, ano are tljcrebp fullp fatiffiecanofo? tbat 
 nurpjincelp ,ano fecrct affaires toere not finifbeo to our contentation at our time appoint co, ac= 
 coping to our etpectation,bje Doe noto leaue of all tbofe matters, ano fet tbem afioe fo? tlje time, 
 becaufe our minoe is notoe otbertotfecbangeo.but bereafter tobenoccaGon ujallmooucbsto 
 tlje like , toee toill tben talkc of tbofe matters againe. 3no fo? tbat it batb pleafeo tie ©ueene 
 our louing fitter , to fence bnto bs at tljis pjefent , ano Doetb cefire to continue in fricnofljip 
 toitb bs fo? euer ( tobicb toee coegratefullp accept , ano toillinglp agree to tlje fame) toee of our 
 goooneffe to? ber bigbneffe fake, toill not onelp from bencefoojefi put atoap , sno fojget all ouc 
 oifpleafure totoaroes tlje fame @>ir William Garrard anc bis companp ( as tljouglj tbepbabne* 
 tier offenceo bs) but alfo toill reffo?e tbem to tbeir p?iuilecges, ano liberties, in, ano tbjougbout 
 all our Dominions, ano toill fignifie tbe fame bp our letters, in all Cotones anoCittes,tobere 
 tbe faio mercljants bo trafftque, ano toe toill Qjetoe tbem fauour as afojetime, if tbep oeferue not 
 
 tbe 
 
M./lnth.IenkjnJon. Traffiques & Difcoueries, 4.09 
 
 ttjaaacttip»«nuaU)KiDttfeneourUitcrljaDiiott£tHttjfeAnchonyi)titoteattt)i0p?efEiu,Qion 
 fenotoctlj toljat toe fljoulo Ijaue Done to t jje fato mcrcljant^oj toljctbtr toe toculD baue calico back 
 outtnoignation, 
 
 Chen 31 bumblpbefec cbco bis a!9ateffic,to let meknoto tbe particular offences committeo tip 
 the fato mercbants,aiu> tbe offciiDo?s namcs.to tbe intent 31 might make rcpo?t«Ijercof,V»nto tbe 
 SQuecnes^ateftie.mpnrillres, acrojcingJp , tbattbefaiooffeniiojs might recritte iutr puniflj' 
 mencs fo? tbeir Defects : but Ije faio,3i thoulD not knoto tbcm,becaufe be ban clecrelp f emttceo ai 
 offences : ano furtbcr,tbat it teas notp?mtclptofo?giue, ano after to accufe the parties,iDberc= 
 bp ber Spaietties ottpleafure might fall bpon tljcm at bornr.j^ottoitblranDtng 3J oto after bnoec 
 flanofomepart tbereof,bp other meancs. 
 
 ^ben bis Sgaiett ie p?oceeDing in talfecfaio : 80 touching the articles of rcquciI,concerning 
 the marcbants affaires,tobicb pou DiD pcfteroap Delittcr into our giecretarp, toe baue not onelp 
 r cao the fame our felfe,but alfo baue appointee our fato §>ecretarp to Declare unto pou our mino, 
 ano anftoere to tbe fame, anofojtbat toe arenoto toponottr iourneptotoaros our borers, ano 
 toill Depart from hence fljo?tIp,toe toill Difmilfe pou to t) fQuecnc our leuing fifler,pour mifrrcs, 
 toitb our letters, 9 full mino bp too?o of mouth, touching all pour requctcs, $ toill feno a gentle* 
 inanone of our boufljolo toith pou to fafcconouccpou to pourfbips: atiD of our gooones toillgiue 
 poubictualS.boatcs.men^nDpofiljo^fcs.fomanpasrouitjaH neeoe. 9nDtberetoiibhis gjdatc- 
 flic ttanDmgbp,anD putting off bis cappe,fato bntome tbefe too?os,Doe ourhearcp commenDa- 
 tionsbnto our louingfi(Icr,€iueeneElizabct!i,bntotoljomtoetoia) long life, toitbbappicfuc-. 
 celfe: ano tbcrctoith bis higbnes crttnteo bis banD to me to biffe, ano commanoco bis fonne, Cc- 
 ting bp him.to feno the line commencations,tobtcb be DiD,toIjofe banoiiketoife 3i ftifleD.gno then 
 IjiSfi^aielliecaufeDmetofitDotone, anocommaunDeD totne ano D?inkes of outers fbjtstobe 
 b?ougbt,tobereof be gauc me to D?inke toitb his otone bann,am> fo after 31 DcpartcD. 
 
 Cljen trjencre nap .being tbe 14 of Spap afo?efaio,3[ toas lent fo? to rometo the chief &ecrc- 
 tarp,$ one otber of the counfcl toitb bint>torjo at our meeting fain unto me tbefe toojus s Wit are 
 appointco bp the SEmpero? bis mnteitp,to gtucpou anftoere from bis $ig&nes,toucbing pour re* 
 queflsDrliuercDtntoutingjtobicbbiS^aieQtebimfclffbithnerufeo^anftoereDasfoHotoetb, 
 
 1 CotbefirflrequeaitisanftoereD,thatallhis9paie[liesgEiefesanDDifpleafiire(notoput 
 atoap from tbe mercbants)Diogroto,becaufe tbe ©ueenes £paicu"ieDio not accomplilrj ano euoe 
 toitb bfe ambaffaoo?, bis fecrete ano toaightp affaires, accojoing to W erpect ation, anD till p?o= 
 inifemaDebp Thomas Randolph,at bis being bere; ano alfo of tbe illbebauiour of pour met* 
 cbants refioent herein our Countrep.as bis S@aieflie did IjimfelfepetterDap ueclarebnto pou, 
 
 a Co tbe fecouD,bis S@aieffp totlletb pou to unDerttano.tbatbebatbnot, no? toill notbereaf* 
 ter be moucD to b?cakc fcienofljip toitb tbe SQueenes ^aieftp,toitbout gooD anD tuft cattfe, 
 
 3 Co tbe tljtrDjpou are anftoeren bp tbe £mpero?S Spaicflic Ijimfclfe, that hts great gooD- 
 nes ano fauour againe bnto tbe merchants (bail be reflo?eD, anD tbe fame to be nnotoen bp \>ii 
 Sratious letters of puuilege noto againe granteo. 
 
 4 %$ tbe fourtb,bis maieQp bath commatiDCD, that pour merchants bere refioent (ball erbi'- 
 l)ite,ano put in ton'tingbnto me his £9 aicfiies stierretarie, all their griefes, ano complaints, as 
 toellfo? oebts,as otber iumricsoffrcb tbcm fince tl;c time of bis ^igbnes Difplcafttrr, ano tljcp 
 (ball banc tuHice trulp minidreD t bjoucjb ti t all bis £©at elites Dominions toit bou t oelap, 
 
 5 'e a t be fifth, b<s maiefip do tb not nnoto of aiip Debts Due bnto the merchants, bp anp of 
 Jjis ti5oblemen,as is alleageo : ano toljetfjcr it be true ? no,bc unotoetb not: tbe truetb tohereof 
 mull be trieo out , ano thereupon anftoere to be gittcn : ano hereafter bis maiefiie tooulD not fymt 
 tlje merchants to craft bjs people toitb too much. 
 
 6 %ti tbe firtb.ttis anftoereo,tbat bis maieftp batbeommnnDeo fearcb to be maoe tobat nio» 
 nep is otoingco tbemarcbants, fo? toares receiueo into bis treafurp,as iu tbe article ; ( tbe mod 
 of the boofees of accompt being burnt in the Mofco) ano fucb as is Due,? founo meete to be paio, 
 ftall bepaiD fo^thtoith to tlje marchants ,tbeirf actors 0? feruants, toljicb fljall come foj tbe fame, 
 9no f 0? pafmenc of the rrff ,bts maiefties furtber pleafure (ball be fignifieD hereafter, 
 
 7 'SDo rtje 7 bisspateftiesanfttercts.fbatlctters fljall be tojittenfojtbtottb to bis captaineu 
 of Aflracan,anDCazan,anD other bis officcrs.bpon tbe riucrVo]ga,totobomitappertaitietb,not 
 onelpto fufferpourpeople,botbmarcbants,?mariners,topaue toitb tbeirfl)ips,o?barRes, from 
 AftracaiijOuertbeMare cafpium.to fetcbe Thomas BaniHer,anD Geofry Ducket,toitbtbeir CO ! 
 panp,ano gooos out of Perfia, but alfo toben tbep fljall arriuc toitbin Ijts 9^aieftiesDominions,to 
 awe ano aififl tbem,anD fee them fafelp conouctcirbp tbe riuer Volga, from Danger of enemies, 
 
 8 Co tbe eight , bis maieftie bath coinmanDco letters to be tout ten to tbe Cuftom e rs, bo th of 
 Aftracaa anD Cazan,to make refticution to tbe Cnglilb mercbants of tljeir gooos fo oeteineo bp 
 
 $m tbero 
 
■ - *— ■■ " 
 
 ^.io The Englifh Voyages, M.Anth.Ientynfon. 
 
 tbem foj cuftome,? to take cuftome fo? tljefame,acconiing to bis Sgjaiettus letters of pjuuicge* 1 
 
 9 io Co tbenintb ano tenth articles ,hts igaicfitc toill confiaer of thofe matters, ana hereaf- 
 ter toillftgnifiebispnncelppleafure therein. 
 
 ii Co the eleuentb,as touching an inucnton'e giuen into tlje treafutp ,tobat goebs the mer« 
 chants Ijao burnt in tbe Mofco,in their boHfes there, bis Sjjtaiefties pleafure teas tobnDcrftanoe 
 thefame.totbe intent be might knototbeloffesofallftrangers at tbatpjefent, but not to make 
 rettitution,fo?tbatittoaS 03ooBoomg,ann not tbe £mperours, 
 
 1 2 Cotbettoelfcb,concerningThomasGIouer,bisSgteiettte toas enfinmeDbp his 9mbafla* 
 bo } of tbe Siueenes great mercp anD clemencie totoarDS tbe faio Thomas, to? bis fafee, tobicb bis 
 SpigbnesreceiueD ingooD parc.but tobat agreement o ? Dealings toas bettoirttbefaio fit William 
 Garrard, $ big company tlje fato GIoucr,oji tobat he Dotbotoebnco tbe fain mercbants,bis9pa= 
 ieftie Dotlj not knoto. 9ttb as fo? tbe money tob tcb tbe fain Thomas faith is o voing bnto bun bp tbe 
 «D:mperour,bis Spaiefties pleafure is, tbat fo muclj as ftjall be foumj Due, 9 grotoingbpon toareg 
 Dclittcr cd bnto the treafurie,out of tbe time of bis ^aiefliesDifpleafnre,fljall bepaiD fojttjtoitb to 
 tbe f aio Tho mas,miD tbe red is f o?fe it cd bnto bis Sgteieftie, ano taken fo; a fine , as appertaining 
 to Rutter anD Benncr, accompteD traito?s bnto bis $?ighnes, During tbe time of his Dilplcafure, 
 1 j Co tbe thirteenth article,concerning Rutter to be Delittereo bnto pou,to be carieD bome,tlje 
 an fly e re toas,trjat as bis Spaieftie mill not Detaine anp C ngliftj man in bis C omit rep, t bat is id il= 
 ling to go bome,acco?Ding to tlje tbe CJueens requeft : euen fo toillbe not fo?r e anp to oepart.t bat 
 is toilling to tarp toitb bim. S?et bis 8pigbnes,to fatiffte tbe Hueenes StDaieflies requeft, is con* 
 tenteD at tbis p?efent to feno tbe faio Ralfe Rutterbome toitb poti,ano Ijatfj commanDeD tbat a Iec*> 
 ter (ball be to?ittcnbnto his chie fe officer at tbe Mofco, to feno tbe faio Rutter atoap toitlj fpeeD, 
 that bemap be toitb pouatVologda,bptbefineof£pap,toitl!out faile: atiDtoucbmg tljereft of 
 pour requeft in tlje faio article,bis Spaiefttes pleafure (ball be OguifieD in the Utters of pn'uilcge, 
 cjtanteD to tbefaiD merchants* 
 
 14 Co tbe fourteenth, touching artificers, bis 99auffie toill accompliflj alltbeQueenes 
 $igbnes requeft in that bebalfe,anD no to at tljis p ?cferit Dot& licence fuel) anD fa manp to Depart 
 to tljct t natiue cottntrep as are nulling to goe. 
 
 « s Co tbe 1 5 pouching BeiTon MeiTeriuey,thc €mpero?s maiefite is mttclj offenDeo toitb Ijim, 
 ano toill feuD Doton a gentleman toitb pouto inquire of bis ill beljauto?, af toel fo; (peaking of bn» 
 Decent too?os againtt tlje ©ueens mait-Cse as pou Ijaue alleageo.as alio againfl pou, ano tbe mer» 
 djants fo?his outrages mentioneo in the article, 9 tbefaiD Beflon being founB guiltp, to be im* 
 pufoncDf punifheD bp feuere iuftice acco?Dingip,ami after to put in fureties to anftoere tbeCm* 
 pero?shigbDifpleafure, o?elstobeb?ougljtbplikeap?ifonerbp tbefaiD gentleman to anftoere 
 his offences before bis agaieftie. 9 nb bis Ijwbncs Both requeft tbat the SQueenes bigbnes toouio 
 Doetlje likebpon Middleton ano Manlie her ineffengerss fent tbitber ttoo peres pad, ano ofallo-s 
 tbersfojtbetrillbebauiourtotoarDsbismaieftie, as map appeare bp letters fent bp Daniel SU- 
 uefter from t)i0 bighneSjleaft bp the baD Bemeano? of fucb letoD perfons,tbe amitp ano fricnDffjip 
 bf ttoir t their maiefties might be Dim in ifiieb, 
 
 1 6 %a tbe 1 6 ano laft article, touching the co?ne b?ougbt into tbe €mpero?s Dominions bp 
 tbe merchant s.bis maiedfe Doth greatlp tommeno them fo; fo toel Doing,anD bath commanoeD to 
 giue pou a letter fonhtoitb in their bebalf.Directen tohis officers of Duiua, to fuffer tlje faio met* 
 chants to fell djeir come.bp meafure great 0? fmall at their pleafure toitbout cuftome. 
 
 Cbas 1 receiucD a full anftoere from bis maieftie bp his cbiefe ^ecretarie 9 one otber of bis 
 counfel,to tlje 16 articles afo;e r ebear f co,bp me er bibit cd in ton' ting touching pour affaires,toitr) 
 his letter alfo fent bp me to the £}ueenes maieftp. GClbicb heing Done, 31 requefteo tbat tlje neto 
 letters of pn'uilege granteDbphts highnes bnto pou might befojtbtoith DifpatcbeD, to the intent 
 31 might carie tbe fame toitlj me,9lfo 31 requefteo that fucb monep Due to pou,tobicb it baD plea* 
 feDbismaieQptocommanDtobepapD,migbtbeDelittereDtomeinpourbeljalfe. 
 
 Couching the letters of pnuilege,tbe Stectetarp anftoereo me, it is not poflible pou can baue 
 lijem toitb pou.f 0; tljep muft be fir ft tontten anD fijetoeo bnto tlje Cmpero; , anD then th?eeto be 
 tontten of one tenour acco joing to pour requcft, tobich cannot bee Done toitb fpeeoe, fo? that bis 
 maiefties pleafure is,pou ftjall Depart this night before bim, tobo re moouetb bimfelfe to mo jrotn 
 totoaros Nouogrod : but toitljout faile tlje fapb letters ftjall be oifpatcheo bpnn tbe toap,anD fent 
 after pou toitb tpeeoe to Colmogro, 9nn as touching tbemonep tohicb pou require,it cannot be 
 paio here becaufe toe baue not the bookes of accounts , fo?toant tobereof toe knoto jiot tobat to- 
 paie : toljerfo?e tlje bell is that pou feno one of the merchants after the <£ mpero? to Nouogrod,? 
 let bim repaire bnto me tbere.anb toitbout faile 31 toill paie all fucb monep as ft)aU be appointeff 
 bp bis maieftie. to be pateo after the bookes ftene, 
 
 OcJitt. 
 
M.tdntb.IenfynJcn. Traffiques,&Difcouenes. 4.11 
 
 Tout fo?afmucl) as tijcrc Was Bone of pout fcruatits with me at that p jefcnt (altt;oug.l) ji bao 
 earnettiptejittcnonto pour Sgent Nicholas Proftor bp Richard Pmgle one of pour ottrnt fet- 
 uaittS,onc monctlj bcfo?c nip comming to Sorites, inhere 31 bao mp otfpatclj , that he (JjoulD not 
 fatlctocorneljimfelfejOjifei'foneofpoutfiruantsitomeeljitber, to follow nil fuel) ftttea ais 31 
 (boulo commence in pour bcbalfo, luljictj Ijc ncglettco to ooc to pour great bmoerance) 31 reqtte* 
 HeotrjefatDS)ecretartetljat31migl)tleaucDariichriphU£rp?i;t£CU)itb hm, aftuclifojtlje re* 
 tettofmonep.asfojtrje fpeeop ntfpatclj of tlje If ttcrje of pjuttleogc, liur it tooulo not begrantco 
 inanp wife cbat 3 (boulo leaue anp of mine own companie bcbjno me, ant> thereupon 3) did tafce 
 mp leaue tottlj full Difpatcb, ano Deuaiteo to mp (ooging, ano foo jtljWic b :1k re came unto me a 
 gentleman tobo bao charge as Wei tocotvottct me,am>piouioe boat e3,mcn,p oft !;o?fes ano Victu- 
 als foi me all the Wap to the lea (toe, being a t ijcufano ano tij jec hunD^es miles, as alfo to Doe iu • 
 fliceofthefapoBeflbne.asafojefaiD. 9nDbefatDWitome,tb^€mperoiirspIe8furris,thatpou 
 ujall pjefentlp Depart from bencr,nnD 3 am appointee to goe With pou. 3no that night 31 Of par* 
 teo from tbe faiD Stances, being the fourteenth ofSf&ap afojefapD. ^nopaffrnga greatpartof 
 tnpiournep,3l arriueo at the citie of Vologda tl;e laft of the fapDSPap,Wljere 31 remaineo fine 
 Dates as well erpecctng a meffenger to tying onto me the new letters of p?iuileOge, as tbe conv 
 mmgofRutter.uibomthe^mprroursmaifttiehimfelfecommanDeDbefoje mpfsce fboultj bee 
 Cent unto me without faile, ano 31 did fee the letters written to tbe chicfe officers at the Mofco 
 fo? tbe fame, jftcuertljelefTe the faiD Ruttcr did not come, n&thcr coulo 31 (jearc of him after,no? 
 knoui tbe fuooen cattfe of bis (lap contrary to tbe pjinces oWne iuojd anc meanings? 3 fuppofe, 
 %ut 31 coulD not help the matter being farre from the p.ance , neither coulD 31 cell how to batte re> 
 Dicffe,becaufcbpabfcnce3couIoru)Ccomplaine. j^ottoitbftanDing 3 bfeo mp inoeuour , ano 
 fentameffengcrlohn Norton one of pour (eruants from Vologda toNouogrod, tatyttc tbe 
 rourcthcitlap.crpjclTdplijitI) letters, as toell to aoucttifc his mateffie tbattbclapDRutcertoas 
 not Cent onto mc acceding to bis Ijigbncs commanoement $ o ?oer, as alfo about tbe Difpatcb of 
 the faiD letters of pn'uileDgc ano receit of pour monep, voitlj flratght charge that be fhoulo in anp 
 Wife returne bnto me againe before tlje Departing of tbe (fjips. 3no tbe firfl Dap of 3lune 31 oc par* 
 teo from the fatD Vologda bp Water toWarosColmogro,Wbere 31 arriueo the 2 1 of 3une afoje= 
 faio,anD remameo there unt ill tbe 2 3 of 3Iulp, looking fo j tbe faiD Iohn Norton to banc returnees 
 bnto me in al that time, Wljt'cb ban refpite fullp enough in that fpace both to go to tbe coutt'to Dif- 
 patcb bis buftne.s,anD to baue returnco againe Onto me , but be came not/o; it teas other Wife oe 
 tcrmincD before bis going, as 31 DiD after bnoerttano, ano can mo? e at large bp toojoe of mout lj 
 Declare onto pour wojtlnps tbe occaQon thereof, 
 
 tflcuertbelcifc, 3 am Well auureo before this time pout 3gent Ijatlj receiueD into bis banos tbe 
 fapo letters of p?iuileogcs,anD (ball baue Difpatcb luttlj erpeDition in all tbmgs touching pour af- 
 faircs,acco?Ding to bis maiclt tes grant bp me obtaineD , ano as be bath Written to the Q uecnes 
 ir.atcUie at tljis p jefent , Wifbing that as nolu bp mpgoingtbeffimperourbathWitbojaWenbis 
 grieuous Difpleafure from po u,ano rcSoue pou againe into lite fauour,fo pour 9gcnt ano others 
 pour (eruants there refluent map bebaue,$ enoenour tljemfelttes to kcepe at augment the fame, 
 wijofe eutll Doings baue bene tlje onelp occaGon of bis inoignation now remittee. 
 
 The names offuch countries as I Anthony Ienkinfonhauc trauelled 
 vnto, from the ftcond of O&ober 1 5 46 3 at which time I made my firft voyage 
 out of£»£/<MK/,vncill thcyecrc of our Lord 1 57 2,whcn I returned laft out oi%uJp4. 
 
 F3ittt,3Ipatteo into Flanders, ano trattcflcD tb?eugb all tlje bafe countries, ano from tbence 
 tbwugb Germanie,pairingouertbe Alpes 3)trauelIeo intoItaly,ano from thence maoemp 
 tountep tbwugb PiemontintoFrance,tbjougbout aliwbtcbtealme 3 bauetbjougblp iournieo t 
 3 baue alfo trauclleo tl^ougb tlje kingDomes of Spaine ano Portingal,3 baue faileo tb^cugl) 
 the ieuant teas euerp toap.f baue bene in alltbecbiefe 3danDSttitbintbefamefea, asRhodcs, 
 
 Malta,Sicilia,Cyprus,Candie,anD DiuerS Other?, 
 
 3bauebenc inmanp partes of Grecia, Morea, Achaia, ano tobcre tbeoloe citieof Co- 
 rinth ffoooe, 
 
 3 baue trauclleo tbpougb a great part of Turkie, Syria, ano Diuers otber countries in Alia 
 minor. 
 
 3 baue paffcD oucr the mountaines of Libanus to Damafco, ano trauelleo tb?ottgb Samaria, 
 Gallic , Philiftine OJ Palettine, bnto Ierufalem,anD fo tbjouglj all tbe £?olp lanO. 
 
 3 baue bene in Diuers places of Afftica, as Algiers, Cola, Bona, Tripolis, tljegonettoitljiB - 
 
 tijeplfe of Tunis, 
 
 S^m % 3 baue 
 
^.iz The Englifti Voyages, M.<iAntb.lenkm[on. 
 
 3i baue faileo farre jfro?tbtt»arD mitbin tbe Mare glaciale, toljcre toe baue Ijao contiuuall Dap, 
 anoftgbt of tbe purine ten tneekesi togetbcr janTj trjat nauigationmas in Norway, LapIand,Sa- 
 mogitia , ano otrjer berp ftrange places. 
 
 31 baue trauelleo tfoougb all tvje ample Dominions of tbe £mperour of RufTu ann Mofcouia, 
 TnbicbertenDeftcmtbejfrojtbfea.anD ttje confines of Norway anD Lapland, euen to tbe Marc 
 Cafpium, 
 
 31 baue bene in Diuers countries neere about tbe Cafpian fea,o3mtiics, anoS©a bomcans,aB 
 Ca7.an,Cremia,Rczan,Chercmi(i,Mordouiti, Vachm,Nagaia, toitrj UiucrB Ot^ersof Kranoje 
 cuffomcsano religions* 
 
 31 baue fatleo oucr tbe Cafpian ft a,? DifcouereD all tbe regions tbcreabout aoiaccnt, as Chir- 
 ca(li,Comul,Shafcal,Shrruaii,li)itb manpowers. 
 
 3i Ijattc traucllcD 40 rjatcs tournep tcponB tbe fain fea, totoaros tbe SDnental India, ann Ga- 
 thaia,tb?ougbfiuers Defects anrjtoilrjerneu"cs,anDpa(TcDtb?otiQjb 5 kingnomcsof tbe Tartars, 
 
 ariD alltrjelanDOfTurkemananDZagatay , anD fo to ttje great CtCte Of Boghartn Bactiia, not 
 
 liritbout great perils ann Dangers funojip t fines, 
 
 3fteraHtbts,inAn,i 562,31 patTeoagaineouer tbe Cafpian fea anotber map,atiDlanDcD in 
 Armenia,atacutecalIeDDerbenc,buiUbp Alexander tbegreat^fromibencetrauel[iDtb;ougb 
 Media,Panhia,Hircania,intoPctfiatOtbCCOUrtoftbegreatil^opl)iccalUDShawramaiTo,bnto 
 
 toljom 31 DeliuereDlettersfromtljeQueenes maieftie, ano remamcD in bis court 8 monetbs.anD 
 returning bomemarD,paffeD tbjougb Dt'ucrs otfjer countries, jf inallp 3 mane tnio bopages moje 
 afer tbat out of England into Ru(li3,vbe one in tbe pcere 15 66, anD tbiotber imbepeerc 1571, 
 3no tbus being mearp ann groining oln,31 am content to take mp reft in mine otone bottfe, chief* 
 Ip comtbjtingmp felfe,in tljat mp feruicebatb bene bonourablp acceptcD ano reDuaroeD of berma« 
 icttic ano tbe red bp inborn 31 baue bene impIoicD, 
 
 A letter oi lames jilday to the Worftiipfull M.Michael Lock, Agent 
 in London for the Mofcouie company , touching a trade to be eftablifhed in 
 £<«p/«rf,written 1575. 
 
 Epatie mrememu?ance(tooj(rjipful Sn'r) tbe talke me \m toben 3 mag mitrjpmt, 
 
 astoucI)tngtbetraDetnLappia:9nDcerteinlp31bauefometbingmarueiIeDtrjnt 
 
 in all tbis time tbe right inoj.pour focictiebaue not giuenojDer tbat fome little 
 
 conference(bppou,o?in!tbfomeotber)migl)tbauebinbaDniitbmetoucbingtbofe 
 
 partB,conliDeringcbepknclrjCas3ltbinfee)tbat3|remaineD tbcreonelnbolepere 
 
 $mo jejbp tobtcb meancs reafon inoulo tbat 3 (fjoulo baue learneD fometbing. TBut tbe caufe tohp 
 
 tbep baue net DeGreD to conferre mitlj me(as J iuDge)rcfletb onlp in one of tbefc 4 eafes,tl)at is to 
 
 fap.ettbcr tbep tbmke tbemfelues fb tb?ougb!p ccrtifieD of tbat traoe,as moje neeoe not be fpoken 
 
 tberof.oj tbat tbep baue no luft mo?eto Deale tbat lnaieSjOj tbat tbep bolomee fo bncniftp to tbem 
 
 tbat tbep Dare not open tbeirmtnDS,fo?feareo?Doubt,31(boulDbearemojcatfectio to otberstljen 
 
 to tbem,f fo Difcouer tbeir fecrc ts : j els tbep tbink me of fo Gmple bnocrilanD ing.tbat 31 am not 
 
 mo?tbp to be fpoken boitb intbefematters, Co l»btcb4 cafes 31 anftuere asfollotoetb : JTtrft, if 
 
 tbep tbink tbemfelues fo t biougblp certifieo as mo je nc eo not to be fpokentccrteinlp 31 fometbing 
 
 5 eiiBiiO) mm maruel bp inborn it IhoulD be:f 0? in p* lntnter pafi tberc lap but 5 ffinglifb perfons there, vzXhri- 
 
 ttrnrcrto in ftopher Cok.Roger Leche, Adam Tunital cooprr.one laD,5 3: fn> Henry Cocknedge rnas tlje 
 
 inboleluinteratMofco.anDoftbefeperfons.astoucbingColt.a rlnnkbtm (if31 maptoitbout 
 
 chnftopher con offence fpeake mp confciencejltbe mott Gmple perfon tbat mas tljere, (as touching tbe brnterflan* 
 
 a nmpit mar. tjing of a marcbant)altbougb inoeeD be toofte b'ponbtm berp mucb to bis onme barme 9 otbers 31 
 
 imt " Doubt,fojbenfeobimrelfenotlikeamarcbant, nfitberfbetucDDiligencelikeamojtbp ferttantoj 
 
 facto j, but lap flil in a Den alp mbole minter.bauing mares Ipingbpon bis banD, mbicb be moulo 
 
 not implop to anp bfe;aItbougb funo jp maies there mere tbat he might bane put In's mares in rca- 
 
 Dp monep mitb gained no great aDuenture,mbicb monep moulD baue bin mo?e acceptable to ibe 
 
 b trabe te poo?e Lappes $ fifbermen at tbe fp?ing, trjen anp kino of mares: but bis fono beao did as be tbat bao 
 
 teinttr m up- tbe talent in tbe (Sofpel,? pet be baa counfel to tbe contr atp mbicb be DifDaineD,fo tbat men ycrcet* 
 
 uing bis captious beao,Ieft not onlp to cottnfell btm.but alfo fome.in as mucb as tbep migbt, kept 
 
 bim from knomieDge of tbe traoe tbat migbt be in tbat countrep.tbe tuinter time,mbicb is better 
 
 peraDuentnretbenmoff mentbinkof.aaiberfbje if Colt baue mnttenojfaioanptbing toucbing 
 
 tbofe countries,it is Doubtful mbetber it toutbetb tbe effect 0? not, confiDermg be lap (fill alltbe 
 
 minter mitbout trial ofanpmatter. StoD fo^ Henry CockncJgeaffureDlp fpeaktng fb mucb as 31 
 
 DoperfectIpknom,3lmultneeDSfap,tijatbeisaberpljoneapongmmi^rtgbtcarcfullofbisbtt= 
 
 finiffe 
 
 QeinarurtlctH 
 
 tflc coinpanp 
 ha not cofcrre 
 tout) him of 
 
 Lappia. 
 
 M74« 
 
 p«. 
 
 Hfnr^Ccck- 
 nedgeboiicft, 
 
 Imtignojant. 
 
— — — — — ■" 
 
 lames zAldayes letter. Traffiques & Difcoueries, 4.13 
 
 thus, ano in tljat rfipcct qjojcOp to be pjaU'eO. Id ut pet Ije Liemg nbft nt in tlje toimrr otijer tlji n 
 
 bpbcarefap fie coulonot learne, fotbatljis inltructions map be fometbing Doubtful. Sno like as 
 
 of the Iao notbing can be learneo.fo am 31 furc that Tunfhl tlje Cooper Ijath not pet bene fpoken 
 
 toitij.fo tljat of tbofe part? ccrtaine knotolecge cannot as pet be Icarnecetcept bp Roger Lcche, ro P « L«he 
 
 of to&om 31 eontefle knotoleoge map be IjaD, to j inceco tljcre is no € ngliflj man luting tljat batlj erpcn of Lappia 
 
 ftbe knotoleoge in tbofe countries a? he ljatb,no? tbat is able to oofo mucbtoith tfjt people as Ije 
 
 tnav : be in tbe winter trauaiko one toaies $ ether nete 3 00 miles : be of a litlc maoe fomtijing, 
 
 ano learneo not onlp tbcmaners,conoitions gcufloms of tljepcopIe,but alio be Icarnco of al kinD 
 
 of commooities in tbofe regions hototljcp map be bougbtattbemottaouantacfothatgaitiemap 
 
 be mace of tljem : &o tljat 31 confetti, iflje fcatb giucn intelligence to tlje rigljt (LOoj. companp, 
 
 tben baue ttjep no neeoe to fpeahe toitlj me oj anp otfjtr fo? to learne of tljofc countries (crccpt it 
 
 be to bearemme optnion}tobicl) in tiHitb 3! toil altoaies open bnto tljeim'But tlje effect of ^ bene' 
 
 ficial fecrets oftljat countrep is ro be inqttircoof him,g> inmine opinion too?thp to be Iearneo,er» 
 
 cept,as in tbe fecono cafe.tbep M no mojc to cealc that toaies, %o tobiclj 3i anftoere, tbat if tljcp 
 
 ceale not tbat to ates, $ tljat toitb fpcece tljtp feeke not to pjettent otbers p mean to oeale tljere, 
 
 altfjougb not Cnglui) men, let them tfcen not tljinke long to baue anp pjofieable trace in Ruffia: 3 f «" com «"" 
 
 (0} tbe greater part oftljat benefit toilbetoipec from thcm,o?5 peere toanenc,as atoillfljeto "« »m" «"' 
 
 goooteafon,if3beoemanoeotljccuicQion. ^Ijerefojeiftbeptoillmaintaine tlje Ruffiatraoe X^?^' 
 
 toitbaouantage.tljenougbttbeptolooketotbisinttme, ancfo inaptly fteepe tlje Ruffia trace luntmein. 
 
 as it is,ano liketoife make a trace in Lappia mo?e profitable ttjen tbat, ano t(jerfo?e t bis is to b:e ^ bt traDt of 
 
 tonnDereo,ratbertrjentop?oljibite€ngliujmenfrotljetcaticofVedagoba,jro?iftbeplookenot vcj ag oba. 
 
 to tbts,ano tbat in time, tljep map be likcneo (if it migljt be toiiljout offencefpoken) to ttoo cogs 
 
 tbat ffriue foj, tbe bone toljiles tlje tbiro run atoap toitb it : ano pet meane 31 not otljertoife, but in 
 
 fucbo?oer,as not Cnglilfjmcn onlp,bttt alfo ^Qilanccrs^abancers,? otbers map beiitGIp ann 
 
 itterlp put from tbe trace in Lappia, ano tlje companp to kecpe tbe tobole traces to tljemfducs 
 
 toitbout interruption of anp,to t&eic great beneGt,tobtcb 31 toiuj to tljcm from tlje bottome of mp 
 
 ijearc,as cuer 3 toiujeo toealtb to mine oton perfomano tljerebp Ijelo me ercufec in tlje tbiro cafe ' 
 
 3 to jite of, 3no foj uje fourtlj as toucbing mp iucgement, as a confeffe it is not berp oecpe,fo a ^ c MM ffl p 
 
 tbanke <Soo a am not btterlp toitbout bncerffanoing (altljougb a bepoo?e> tberfoje peracuen* t$m$m 
 
 ture boloewout of reputation , pet <Soo cotlj ciflribute bis gifts as it pleafetljljim* a Ijaue n,I,c »- 
 
 feen toife men pooje inmp timej fooIiQj men ricb,anc fome men fjrnte moje knotoleoge tljen tbep 
 
 can Utter bpQieecb, toljicfj fault toas once obiectec againttmebpagreat learnco man of tljts 
 
 realme:butfurelpbototoeakfoeuermpbtterance is,mp meaning is faitljful ano true,anc a toiO) 
 
 in mp beart to pour laucable companp al tlje gaine tljat map be,o? els 31 p?ap tlje iojD 6oc to con* 
 
 fbunomeasafalfeoilTembler, 3|tgrceuctbme tofeebotoof latetljcpljaue bin brought to great 
 
 cbarges,beatmg tbe buQj,as tbe olc terme 10,$ otljer men taking tbe biros 5 tljis laft vere Ijauing 
 
 m Lappia 2 ujips , as 31 am partlp infomtcc,tljcp botlj bjougbt not muclj aboue 3 00 barrels of Il8 , bfltrels of 
 
 traine otie, pet am 31 fure tljcre toas botigljt beQocs tljem of tlje IRtiffes.Co jels, 93 31 appes, 1 1 8 3 opu t>oii B tit u P 
 
 barrels,befioes 27 barrels Cokfolo to Iacob tlje^ollanccr, at ttoo barrels fo? one mpfyeim cowSdzt 
 
 oojen. 9nc pet tbere i^ a greater inconuentjnee fpjinging.toljicb if it take a litlc oeeper roote it barrels t0 a 
 
 toillbe (31 feare)too Ijarc to be pullcc bp,tobicb fo? louc 5 gooo toill (<goo is mp toitiics)3 to?itc yo,liU,6tt - 
 
 of,totujingastompoearefricnDStljattbepfljotilolooketoit in time.tf tljep meane to keepe tlje 
 
 trace ofRufliao? Lappia, 9no thus lone batb compelleo metoto?itetl)isacuertifement,tobicb 
 
 3 toiuj to be accepteo in as gooo partes 31 toitlj gooo toill baue to^itten it, 
 
 The requeft of an honcft merchanc to a friend of his, to be adui- 
 fedand dirededin the courfe of killing the WhalCjasfolloweth.An.i 575. 
 
 Iprayyoupleajure me in getting me perfeEl in formation tfthe matter hereunder jpecified. 
 
 F© } tlje pjouifion ano furniture fo? a fijippc of 200 tunnes,to catclj tlje SSJbale fifij in Rufsia, 
 paffmg from England. {Epote maup men to furniflj tbe lljip. 
 5>oto manp fiujermen fkilful to catcrj tlje (Taijale,? Ijoto manp otfjf r officers anc Coopers. 
 l|)oto manp boats,anc toljat faujton.ano boto manp men in caclj boate, 
 Saibat toagesof fucljfkilfttllmen ancotljerofficers,astoefijaH neeoeotttof Biskay. 
 $oto manp Ijarping ironS/peareS.cojoes, ares, tjatcljcts, kniues, ano otljer implements fo? 
 tljefiujingjano tobat fbjt anD greatnes of tbem, 
 
 ^otomanp kettles,tlje greatnefle ano maner of tbtm.anc tobat mettall, ano tobetber tbep bee 
 fet on triuets 0} on furnaces to? boiling of tbe traine ople,anc otbers, 
 
 C&bat qaantttie of cafke,ano tobat fo?t of caf ke,anc tobat number of boopeU anc ttoigges,ano 
 ijoto mucb rtjereof to be flauco foj tbe traine, 
 
 spin; JSa&at 
 
V* 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Whale filling. 
 
 CQljat tiuancictc of ^LCtitiiigi, anotoljat kmot ofDictuals fo?the menmatl tbeirjip to? 4 mo* 
 nctbstfme. 
 
 #0? the common mariners anu officers to gouerne the fl)ip,toe (ball not neeDe an? out of Bid 
 kaie,bttt onelp men ffeflful intlje catcljing of the SCHjalc^ano o?Derwg of the oile,ano one Cooper 
 fktlftiflto fet top the ffaueu cafke. 
 
 giro tuljac tljf r matters are requtfite to be knotoen, am> Done f 0? tbe faio bopage to catch the 
 <!It^aIe,not here noteo no; rememb? eo. 
 
 Thefe requefts were thus anfwered, which may feme as directi- 
 ons for all fuch as (hall intend the fame voyage,or the like for the Whale. 
 
 A proportion for thefettingforth ofafrip of 2 o.tunne,for the killing of the Whale. 
 
 Tfipere muff be 55 men toho Departing 
 fo ? Wardhoufe in the monetb of 3p?il, 
 muff bee furnifljeo toitb 4 kintals ano a 
 Ijalfe of bjeao fo? euerp man, 
 
 2 50 bogujeos to put the b?eaD in. 
 iyobogfbeosof Cioar. 
 6 kintals of oile, 
 8 kintals of bacon. 
 cUjogfbeosof beefe, 
 io quarters of fait. 
 isopeunoofcanDles. 
 8 quarters of beanes ano peafe. 
 S>altfiuj $ herring.a quantitie conuenient, 1 j 
 4tunnesofu«'nes. r i 
 lipalf a quarter of muttatD feco,nnD a querne. 
 SgrinDffone. 
 800 emptp (baken bogfrjeD*. 
 
 3 50 bunolesof hoopes,ano 6quintalincs. 
 800 paire of beos fo? tbe boglbeos. 
 
 1 o CitacbascalleD rores fo? fjarping irons. 
 10 pieces of 3rpo?teras. 
 3 pieces of TSaibensfo? tbetfeuelines fmalf. 
 
 2 tackles to turne tbe <KBbaleS. 
 Slhalferof 27 faDom long to turned tohales 
 1 s great 3!auelincs, 
 i8fmalI31auelfos. 
 
 "jo harping irons. 
 6 macbtcos to cut tbe 03 bale toit ball, 
 2 ooo^enof macbetos tomincb tbe SUbale, 
 
 2 great hookes to turne tbe C£?bale, 
 
 3 paire of Can Ijookcs. 
 6 bookes fo?ftaues, 
 
 3 Dojenof flaucsfo? the barpmg irons, 
 dptdlies to turne theffiBbale toitb. 
 10 great bafkets. 
 
 1 o lampes of iron to carie light. 
 
 5 kettles of 1 5 o li,tbe piece,ano 6 laoles. 
 
 1 000 of nailes fo? tlje pinnafes. 
 
 500 of nailes of Carabtlie fo? tbe baufes,ani» 
 
 thetobarfe, 
 1 8 ares ano hatchets to cleaue toooo, 
 1 2 pieces of Itnes,anD 6 oo?en of hookes, 
 
 2 beetles of Koftmarie. 
 4Do?enof oares fo? thepinnafes. 
 6lanternes. 
 
 jooof'CeCa. 
 
 3|tem, gunpouoer 9 matcfjesfoj barquebu* 
 
 ujrsasujalbeneeDfuU. 
 3: cent , tb ere muli be carieo from b ence 5 prn« 
 
 nafes, flue men to ttrike toitb harping 
 
 irons,ttoo cutters of SHbale, 5 coopers,? 
 
 a purler o?ttoo. 
 
 tetrosAtoitc, 
 
 A note of certaine other neceflarie things belonging to the 
 
 Whalcfiihing.receiued of mafter WHi»rrongk. 
 
 3 fufftcient number of pullies fo? tacklefo?') f 3 tboufanD of nailes to mttiD thepmnafes. 
 the aUbale. < ' 5 00 great nails oftpikes to make tbcirhoufe 
 
 % oo?en of great bafkets. > <( 3 paire of bootes great ano fining, fo? tbem 
 
 4 furnaces to melt tbe SU^ale in, 1 that Ihall cut tbe JCOtbale, 
 
 6 laoles of copper, J l8raluefkinstomafu>ap?onso?barbecans, 
 
 The depofitionofM.^//ww!8«/T0Mg& to certaine Interrogator 
 
 ries nuniltred vnto him concerning the Narue,Kegor 3 &c,to what king or prince they doe 
 appertaine and are fubie6t,oiade the 23 of Iune,i 576, 
 
 Thefe articles feeme to haue bene minijlredvpon the quar el between Alderman 
 
 "Bond the elder, and the Mofcouie company, for his trade to the Narue without their 
 conlenr. 
 
 FJrfi, tohethertbebiflagesojtotoutstoulgarelp calico tbe Narue, Kegor, Pcchingo ano 
 Cola,anDtbepo?tesof tbe fame totones, as ttell at the rtmeoftbc grant of tbeletters of p?i* 
 
 uflege 
 
aSAd^WiH^Burrou^h, Traffiques <3c Difcoueries, zj.15 
 
 ttilege bp the Cmperour to our merctjants,as alfo in the peetes of out Lo?D, 1 5 66, 1 5 67, 1 5 68, 
 1 569,1 570,1 571,1 572,1 57j,i 574,ano 1 575, refyccttuelp toere (asp?efentlp tljep be>fthe 
 iucifoictinn, anDfubicctte tlje mtgtjtte prince tl;e (JEmpcrour of Ruffia: ano tohctber the faioe 
 Cfrttperourof Ruflia,bp all the time afo?efaioc,uias chtefe lojo ano gotternottr refpccttuelpof the 
 fain places, ano fo buigarlp knotnen,bao,ano reputto : ano tohethcr the fain totuncs ano places, 
 ano citljec of tljem be Ctuatco tokuattis the lfto?clj ano .jftojiljeafto? jftojthuieCanDbetuittntbe 
 jfto jtlj ano tlje Caff point : am be the fame places tohereunto bp fo?ce of tlje faio pjiuilege , it is 
 fojbiooen to anp other fubiect to haue traffike, fauing to tlje focietie afo?efaio. 
 
 %a this 3lnterrogato}ie the oeponent faith, that it is true that tljerjiIIage2,torjnies aim places <0)c »rpo- 
 lmlgarlp calico the Name, Kegor, Pechingo ano Cola, ano the pontes thereof, atthettme of m, "» anlto «' 
 thegrantofthefaiiipjiuilege(ashetuogeth)toerereputeDrefpectiueIptobebntiettheiurifoic= 
 tion,gt fubiect to the (Cmperour of Ruflla, ano fo from tbe time of tije faio grant, tonto the peere, 
 1 566, ano that in the peeres ofouc 1 o?o, 1 566,67,68,69,70,71 ,72,73,74,8^ 1 575.rcfpec= 
 tiuelp thep teere(as p?efemlp thep be) of the iurifbiction,amj fubiect tmto the mightp pjtnce the 
 Cmperour of Ruflla, ano the fame Cmperottr of Ruffia,bp all the time afo;iefaio , tuas cbiefe go< 
 uernour refpectiuelp of the faio places,anofo bulgarlp knoUjen,hao ano reputed no that all the 
 faio places are Ctuatco from JLonoon |5o?thuiarDs,betttieene the €aft ano the jI5o?th,anD urith= 
 in the grant of the letters patcnts,am> p?tuileges of tlje faio companie of merchants fo? tbeoitco* 
 uerp of neto traoes,ano the fame places ^hereunto bp fo?ce of tlje faio letters patents, it is lay 
 biooento anp otherfubtect to haue trafftke fauingto the focietie afojefaio, 
 jfrottoithflanoing the Deponent faitb.that he hath hearo it creotblp repojteo bp oiuers.thatthe 
 feingof Denmarke oflateperes, o? euerp peere oncc,hath hao one of (jis fubiect? oimojebphim 
 felfe, 0} toith his gttioe a Lapptan.tbat hath at the places Cola,Kegor,ano Diners other places in 
 Lappia,taften of the iappies certain tribute 0? Ijeao pence,toljiclj tlje faio iappies haue toilling-- 
 Ip giuen to fcsimw fauour of the faioe punce, ano to Iiuc quietlp bp his fttbiects, the people of Fin- 
 marke tohich bo?Oer bpon their countrep.tohereof Wardhoufe is the Krongeft bolo, ? bo?oereth 
 neere unto them. €pcc hath alfo hcaroe that in the time of peace bettoeene the faioe Cmperour of 
 Ruffia, ano tlje kings of Sweden, there toaspeerelpfo? the king of Sweden one ojmojethat 
 came into Lappia bnto oiuers places, in maner as tlje king of Denmarkes feruant bfeth to Doe, 
 ano oiooemauno of them feme tribute oj ouetie tohich thep toillinglppaioe: but Once the late 
 toarres bettoeene thefaioe Cmperour ano king of S weden, hee hatlj not hearo of anp thing that 
 hath bene paioe bp them to the king of S weden : fitch is tlje Gmpltcitie of thispeople the iappies, 
 that tljep tooulo ratbergittetributetoallthofetbatbojoer upon their coumrtp, thenbpoenp* 
 tng it haue their ill toilles, 
 
 TSutthetruethis.asthisDeponentfatth.tljatthefatoemightiep^incetljecEmperourofRuf- 
 fii is the cljiefe Io?o ano gouentour of tljefaioe countrep of Lappia,ljis latoes ano ojoers arc ob- 
 ferueo bp them, bee takes toll ano cuilome $c. of them. Chep are infioels, but if anp of them be= 
 come ChjittianS it is after tlje Euffe lau). 3lf there happen anp controticrPe uettueene thofe peo= 
 pie , fitch as cannot be enoeo amongft tbemfelucs , 0? bp the Cmpewmrs Deputies in that coun- 
 trep, thep repaire to the Mosko as their highclc Court, ano there haue it enoeo, ^etujeenc the 
 place fpeciSeo Kegor,ano tlje confines of Finmarke afojefaioe in Lappia , is the menafferic Pe- 
 chingo, tohich aremonkes, anobfethelRuirelaU)e,tljechiefeo?heaDofthatabbcpisrtlttiapes p«wn go 
 appointee bp tlje cleargie in Mosko. &mv - 
 
 aifo in the peere of our to jo 1 5 5 7,the faio Deponent toas at tlje place Kegor,in tlje monctlj 
 of 3lune,tljc 29.03? being ^.Peters oap, at tohiclj time teas a great affembly of people at a mart 
 tljere,the Kufles,l5erilB ano tapptans on tlje one fioe fubiects to tlje faio mightp pjince tlje €m= 
 perour ofRuflia,ano the J5o?toegians 0? jftojtes ano people of Finmarke fubiects to the king of 
 Denmarke on the other part.tbep oio barter ano erchange fiflj fo? other commostties, Che Depu* 
 tie fo? the Euffe Ijao tlje cljtef gouernment of tlje faio S9art,ano tooke toll of tljofe people j) toere 
 fubiect to his ma(fer,ano the captatne of Wardhoufe hao then tlje gouernment of the people fub 1 
 iecttohismaflertljekingofDenmark^efaitljalfOjthat bctnieene the abbep Pechingo, ano 
 the abbep of ^.Nicholas in Ruflia,bponthebojDerof the faio coalf of Lappia,he bathbene bpon 
 the fboje at oiuers places.luhcre freflj riuers fall into tlje !§>ea,toljere are commonlp taken freftj 
 falmons,allvjoljiclj places heoothknotti fo?certaine,thattljeptoerefarmeo out to the fubiects of 
 the faio <£mperour,anD he tlje faio €mperour receiueo pcerelp tlje rcntfo? tljem, 9no further he 
 faitlj that it hath bene further creoiblp repojteo Unto him, thattljereisnot anpfttch riuer 0? creek 
 of frefh toater tohiclj f alleth out of the faio coittrep of L appia into t^e fea,bettoeen tlje faio abbe p 
 Pechingo, ano the bap of §>♦ Nicholas, but thep are all ano euerp of them farmeoout, ano 
 the ^mperottr receiueththe rent fo? tljem* 
 
 3Item, 
 
4.16 The Englifh Voyages, <zAduifefor trade at Qola. 
 
 Xi>t fcrona 
 3ntcttoaato< 
 
 £l)EDC)JO* 
 
 ncuts anfuiei:. 
 
 Jiote. 
 
 3 tem.toljetber as well befo?e,as alio toitljtn tbe memojie of men, till rye time ot i&e grauntof 
 tbe faio letters patents an? of tljeCHgUfrj mcccljancs(fauing ttje merchants of tbe faio focietie) 
 fttbiects of tins realme of England,baue commonlp erercifco 0? frcquenteo liuCndfe 0? traoe in 
 tljc (aim billages oj totones calleo tbe Narue,Kegor,Pcchingo,ano Cola,o? in anp of tljem , 0? in 
 anp po?ts 0? territories of uje faio €mperour of Ruflia. , 
 
 Co tljis 3]nterrogato?ie tbe Deponent anftoeretb,tbat tbe fttbtects of tin's realme before t&e 
 graunt of tljefaio letters patentsoio not commonlp ejeereife , neither frequent 0? traoe to anp of 
 tlje faio places calleo ttje Naruc,Kegor,Pechm go 0} Cola,o? to anp of tbe m, 
 
 Certaine reafons to diflwade the vfe of a trade to the Narue 
 aforefaide,by way through Sweden. 
 
 T$e mcrcbanoife of tbe Narue are grofCe toares,viz.9are,bempe,toare,talloto ano bioes. 
 Cbetraffiquc at tljat place flanoctbbpon tbe agreement anD liking of tbeCmperour of 
 Ru(Tia,n)itl)t!]cfeingofSweden:fo?alltbefemercl3anDifestljatareb?ougl;t tljitber come from 
 Plefcoue,Nouogrod, ano ortjer partsof tljic ^mpetoutsoommions. 
 
 Sto} tranfpojting tbofemercljanoifcs from Name to Stockholm,o? toljat otfjcr place ujall bee 
 tbougtjt conucnient in Sweden, it mutt be in beffels of tbofe countrie0,toljicb totlue of final fojee 
 to rcQtt j7rccboGters,o? anp otljer tbatftjall makequarelo? offer biolcnce againfl tfjem. 
 
 m\)tn tbe gooos are b?ougbt into S weden,tbep mutt be oifrbargco, ano netu laocn into fmal= 
 ler ucffelSjto carp tlje fame bp riues o? lake apart of tbe toap, ano againe to be bnlaoen ano tram"* 
 pojten bp lano to Ne wles, 
 
 §>o as tbe optnarp cbarges foj tranfpojtmg of goons from Narue to Ne wles Op toap as afo?e» 
 laiOjbeCioes tbe fpoilt bp fo ofcenlaoingano bnlaDing,cariage bp lano,ano tbe Dangers of tbe feas, 
 pirats.gsc.toill be fucb as toben it ujalbefo b?ougbt to Newles it toil be as oeare to tbe mercbantst 
 in tbatplaceas itfijall betoojtbtobe folo in London, toljerefoje tlje trace tljat toapes cannot be 
 profitable to our nation, 
 
 Spo?eotier,toljen tbe gooos ujall be in Newles, it map bee tbougbt ooubtfull to tying it rtjence 
 cpetlp toitljoutoifliking 0? forcible refiftanceof tbe king of Denmarke,£b?afmucb as be makct& 
 quareII,ano alleagctb Damage Onto bint in ty'S tollesof tl;e Sound bpour traoe to S.Nicholas, 
 boto mud) mojetoillljenoto ooe bp tbis toap,ano toicb boto mucb greater aDtiantagemapbepet* 
 fojmc it': Cbe Danger tbat map groto in our traoe to Ruflia bp toap of S.Nicholas, tlj?ougb tlje 
 oifplcatae tbat tlje €mperour map conceiuebp our traoe toitbtbt Sweden to Name tsalfb to 
 bcconGoerco. 
 
 A remembrance of aduife giuen to the merchants,touching 
 
 a voyage for Cola abouefaid. 1 j 7 8. 
 
 '^ereas pott require mp counfell after tobat c?oer tbebopage fo? Gola is to be fee fojf&, 
 31 anftocre tljat 3 knoto no better toap tben batb bene beretcfojc tofcD.toljtcb is after ttjis 
 maner. jr irtl of all toe baue biteo tbe ujip bp tbe great, giuing fo mucb fo? tbe toeartng of tbe tac» 
 kle ano tbe bull cf tbe fbippe, as tbe fljt'p map be in bigneffe : as if ujee bee about tlje butoen of an 
 bunojeotunncs.toepap fourefco?epouno,ano fo after tljat rate: ano tbereunto toe ooetoictiialtbc 
 ftjip our felues, ano Doe ujip all our men our felues, Cbippmg no mo?e men.no? giuing tbem mo?e 
 toages tben toe ftjoulo ooeif tljep toent of a mcrcbants bopage/o? it batb bene a great Ijelpe to out 
 boiage bitberto,tobaue our men to fiuj toitb oneboate,^ cottingbs no moje cbarges tbenitfboulo 
 ao.if our men Ojoulo lie f ooenotbingfauingtbe cbarges of falt,s of lincs.tobicb is treble paiotbj; 
 againe.f 0? tljis laft pere paftour men feilleo toitb one boat bettoirt 0, ? 1 o, tljoufano fifb, tobic^ 
 peeloeo to bs in monep toitlj tbe otle tbat came of it.about 1 5 ,oj 1 6,fcoie pounos,tobiclj is a great 
 belpe to abopage,ano beCoes al tbis, our ujip oio take in fo mucb otic ano otber commooities as 
 toe betfotoeo loo.toboleclotbestn.'ButbecaufejasSlooefuppofejit isnottbebfe ofLondonto 
 take ujips to fraigljt after tbat ojoer before p?efcribeo,neitber 3J tbmk tljat tlje matiners toil take 
 fucb paines as our men unlit Cberefoje mp counfelliSjif pou tbtnke gooo, to freigljt fbme Qjip of 
 Hul ?Ne wcaftle,fo? 31 am Cure tbat pott map baue tbem rfjere better cbeap to freigbt, tljcn Ijere 
 at London.TBefioesaItbis,oncmapbattefuctj men as toil take paines fojtbetr mcrcbants. 3no 
 furtbermoje toben it ujal pleafe (Soo tbat tlje ujip Ojal returne to come to oifebarge at Hull,toln'cb 
 ! ' alif anf'sJe tuill be tlje moB fo? pour pjofit fo? nje falcs of all fucb like commooicte as comes from tbat place, 
 '"dfojfau of" as fo?fia),ople,ano Salmon cbieflp.bee tbat toillfeeke a better market fo? tbe falcs tben at Hull, 
 m - be mutt feeke it out of England, fo j tbe like i$ not in England . ®tjis is tbe belt toap tbat 31 can 
 
 Dfwife 
 
 Wl 
 
M. Will. 'Burr ougb. Traffiques,&Difcouenes. 4.17 
 
 Demfe, ano moll fo;t pour pjofite, anoifpeutoilI,3to!llalfo fetpouDoumeailcoe commorjutcs 
 tijat are neceffarie foj fttclj a bopage,anD tobicb toap alfo t bat tlje IpoIlauDers map toitljin tboo o? 
 tjftee peeress be fojccD to If aue oft tbe trace of C ola tob:cb map caClp lie Done, fa) if mp abilitie 
 toere to mp toil!, 3 tooulDbfe tbe matter fo tljat tljep ftjoulo citljer leaue off the tcaoe,o? els carp 
 light (hips nutbtbem borne againe. 
 
 Adedicatorie Epiftle vnto the Queenes moft excellent Maieftie, 
 
 written by Marter William Bnrrough late Comptroller of her Highneffe nauie,and annexed 
 vnto his exadt and notable mnppe of "Ruffia, briefly containing (amongll other matters) 
 his great trauailes,cbfcruations 3 andexperimentsboth by feaandland s clpecialJy inthofe 
 Northcaftern parts. 
 
 To themofl high atidxcpoTvmcdTrinccffe'E.LiT. abe th bythe grace of God Queene 
 tf/EnglandjFrance'tfwodrclandj&c, 
 
 5? minoe earne ftip bent to tlje knotoltbgc of natti'gation anrj it)pD?ographie 
 from mp poutl) (moll erccllent mpu jean ©oucraigne) Ijatb eftfoones bcerte 
 mouED bp Diltgent (turn to fearcb out tbe cbfefcft points to tbcm belonging;: 
 ano net tbereuritb fufficet) bath alfo fought bp erperience in outers Difcoue* 
 ries ano ottjer bopages anD trattailes to p?actife tbe tame, 3 toas in tbenrft 
 bopagefo?Dtfcouerieoftbe partes of Ruflia, tobicb begun in anno 1555. 
 (being tbenfirtecnepceces of age) alfo in thepeere 1556. in tbe bopage 
 toben tbe coaftes of Samoed ano Noua Zembla, toitl) tbe ftratgbtes of Vaigatz mere founo out: 
 ano in tbe peere 1 5 5 7,tobcn tbe coati of Lappia.ano tbe bap of © .Nicholas toere mo?e perfectlp 
 cifcouereD. ©ince tobicb timc,bp mp continuall pjiactife in rlje bopages maoe pr erelp to ©. Ni- 
 cholas in RulTia.o? to tbe Narue^ano to fomc otljcr countreps alfo bp ©ea: as liketotfe in palling 
 from ©.Nicholas to Mofco.anb from MofcotoNarue.ano from tijentebacfeeagaine to &.NU 
 <holas bplano, in tbepreress 1574* anoij75. (being tben 3genc inthofe countreisfo? *& cm * 
 panie of Cngltuj merchants fo? Difcoueries of neto traDcs)fetting ootone altoapes toitb great rare 
 ano Diligence, true obfer nations $ not eg of al tbofe countreps ( 31fiantis,coatts of tbe fta 3 anD other 
 things rcquifite to tbe arte s of .tflauigatton ano H)pD?ograpbie : anti tottb like Diligence gathering 
 tract notes auo Befcriptions of tbe toapes, titters, cities, totone0,$c. as 31 pafleD bp lanD: 3 finoe 
 mp felfe fufficientlpfurnifijeD to giue repojtbnto pour Spattflp.ano to make Defcriptton of tbofe 
 33 oj tii parts of tbe vuo?lo in fonne ano mane r of euerp leagues Diftance t bat 3 bauc pafleb $ feene 
 in all t bofc mp traucls . Cljc places berein DeftribeD.tobicb 3 baue not fef ne ano cries mp felfe, 3 
 hauefetDotonebp tbe beft authorities that 3 coulDfitiDe, anD therein map erre toitbthe IcarneD 
 
 Gerardus Mercator, Abraham Ortelius.anD tbe refl; but fo? tbe maine part tobicb is from Ro- 
 
 chel inFrance bitberto London,ano from bence<£afttoarD to Name bp fea, ano from tbence to 
 Mofco anD to ©.Nicholas bp lano : alfo from bence f9o?tbtoarDS ano j^onbeatttoarDs tp §>ea 
 to ©aint Nicholas,anD to tbe ftraigbt of Vaigatz (firtt crauingbumblp pour bigbneffe paroon)3 
 Dare bololp affirme (ano tbat 3 truft toitbout iufpect of arrogancie, Cnce truelp 3 map fap it) 3 
 baue bcre let it open to tbe biebJ,b)itb fucb eractnefle ann truetlj.anD fb placeo cuerp thing arigbt 
 in true latitude anD longittiDc, (accompting tbelongituoes from tbe merioiau of ionoon , tobtcb 
 3 place in 2 1 ♦ Degrees) as till tins time no man batb bone tlje like : neitbt r is anp man able bp 
 learning onelp, e rccpt be trauailr tl;,as 3 baue Done. £ 0? as it map be truelp faioe of nauigation 
 atm fippD?ograpbie,tbat no man can be cunning in tbe one tobtcb tuantetb conuenient knouileoge 
 in tbe other : ano as neither of them can be IjaD toitbout tbe belpes of 3 ftronomie anD Cofmogra= 
 pbie.mucb leu"etoitbouttbcfettoogrottnDsofallartes,9ritbmettkeanD ©eometrie: fo noneof 
 tlje heft learneo in tbofe feiences 90atbematicall, boitbout conuenient pjactife at tbe fea can make 
 iuft p?oofe of tbepjofiteintbcm : fo ncceftatilp Depenoetb art anD reafon bpon p?actife ane erpe^ 
 tience. albeit ttjere areoiucrs botb leameo ano bnlearneo.litle 0? nothing erpertencea, inljicb :'n 
 talkeof nauigation boill enter oecplp ano fpeake mucbof ano againfterrours bfeo tberein, toben 
 tbep cannot refojme tljcm.©ucl) alfo baue to?itten tberof,p?etenoing ftnguiar great knotoleDge 
 tberem,anD tooulD fo be accompteo of.tbougb in berp oeebe not toojtbp tbe name of goon anD fuf« 
 ficient pilots. ZaMl)om 1 tljinkeitthallnot be amiHe in Defence of rules builDcD bpon reafon, 
 anil in pjatttfe allotoeD,tbUJS mucb to fap fo? anftoere.lt is fo.that there arc rules vfed in nauiga- 
 tion which are not perfectly true : among which the ftreight lines in fea-carde&, reprefenting 
 the 3 1« points of the compafle or windes, arc not holden to be the leaft,but noted offuch tal- 
 kers for principall,tocondcmnc the occupiers thereof for ignorant: yet hath the famous and 
 learned Gerardtu tJJ/f>-M/«wvfcdthemtnhisvniuetfalmappc.'KutfucbaS COnDetimetbentfo? 
 
 falfe, 
 
4>i8 
 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Tbe Queenes letters. 
 
 falfe,ano fpeakc mod agamtt their »fe cannot gitte other that (houlo feme fo } nauigatiou to bet- 
 ter purpofe alio effect, Crpertence (one ofthekepesoffcnotoleogc) bath taught mec tofapit, 
 22Jberein toith mp abilitie,togetber toitl) fome part of mp ffuoicJ am the rather mcueo (in this 
 mp plot) to make fome triall unto pott maieffie : fo i that 31 percetue that fitch attempts of netue 
 ntfcoueries (toljereunto this noble Jflano is mod aptlp fituaten) are bp pour ropall maintenance 
 fo toillinglp fttrtkereo : befeeching pour highnefle fo to accept of tbcfe mp trauatles, as a pleoge 
 of mptortlUJilliiigtomv countrep, ann of mplopallferuice topourmaictlie, tohofe (jealtbfu.ll 
 happie life ano reigne <8bo continue vuljtclj is a Imigbtie. amen. 
 
 YourMaieftics mod humble fubiedt 
 William Buirou«h. 
 
 The Queenes Maiefties letters to Shaugb Hxtmas the great Sophi of 
 
 Perfia, lent by ^Arthur Edwards, William Turnbull y ^Matthew Tailbois, and Pe - 
 ter Gerard appointed Agents for the Mofcouie companie, in their list voyage to Ptrjia, 
 begun in theyeere i 5 7 9, 
 
 To the tno$~t noble andinmneible Emperour of Perfia, King of Shiruan , Gilan, Gro- 
 fin, Coraflan, and great GoHsrnour of the Indies. 
 
 > Lizabethbptbe grace OftSob Ulteene Of England, France anoIreland.Cfftn' 
 i oer of the faith , $c t €0 tbe mod noble atiD tntt ncible Cmperour of Perfia, 
 i\ingofshiruan,GiIan,Grofin,CoraiTan,auDn;reat gottentottr eucn Dtuotfce 
 , Jn&ies.fenlietb greeting, spoil noble anDinuittcible Prince, ins nctofl tenne 
 1 pecres (hue , 0) thereabouts , tohrrnn (after 1 be honourable ambaffaDe of tbe 
 • noble man Anthony Ienkinfon our toclbdoucD fubtcct.to pour molf noble ano 
 inuincible father perfo^meo) toe labourco to bjmp; topaffebp Thomas BannifteranD Gefterey 
 Ducket mer chants,o ur fubiec 1 3, that throughout all r he kingbomes fubtect to bis empire, free 
 ponjermtgflt be gtuen to Will. Garrard, Thomas Ofley,Wil!iam Chelter knights, Rowland 
 Haiward,Lioncl Ducket , William Allen, Thomas Bannifter, Gefterey Ducket, Lawrence 
 Chapman Spercbants.aniiunto their focietie , to enter into bis ismos ano counttrps at al timet! 
 tBbentbeptooulDanrjcottlij,tberetoerercife$bretrjeirtraoeof mercbarttrife, auu from tbence 
 likeniife after erchange 0? fale mane of thote toares, tohich thep (houto tying with tbcm toitb W 
 like goon leant ano fauottr,to carie from thence tbofc things uiijertoitb bis Dominions do aboutiB 
 9 tottb toibe fcant. CObtefj our petition tbe mod noble punce pout father cook fo tbankfttllp ano 
 in fuel) goon part , that be not onelp grauntco franke ano commoDtous leaue, as teas oefireu ; but 
 tbe fame be toculo to beelmto them mod free ant) bene detail, ana to Ijaue continuance fo; manp 
 peeresano times. Che beneffte of the tohicb bis tooiioerfull liberalitp,ottr fubkets did eniop 
 toitb fuel) humanitie 9 freeoome as there coulo be no greater,till the time tbat bp reafon of toarai 
 mwe ano moi c increafing in tbofc partes , Op tbe tobicb our fubiect s lucre to make their tcttrncp 
 into Perfia, thep toere oebarreo ano (hut frcm tbat nopage ? traff ique. Che tohich traffique tlje 
 faio (bcietie being eftfoortes oefirous to rencto to the toeale ano commorjitie of both our romini- 
 01W thep haue noto fent into Perfia tbeir factors 9 Agents Arthur Edwards, William Turnbull, 
 Matthew Tailbois,Peter Gerrard mercrjants,toith their auoctats.torjom toebefeech pour inum» 
 ciblemate(fptoentertatne\jJttl)tbatffluourto^eretoitbpour father did intfnace Tho.Banmrter 
 ti Geffrey Ducket, ano to enfranchife tbeir tobole (bcietie tottb that frceuome, tbat neither thep 
 though anp their mifoemeanours totoaros pour fubiects, map thereof fee me untoo jtbp (as m 
 hope thep toill not)neither toe our felues othcrtoife eniop them,then toith the perpetuall temem- 
 b^attcc of pour goon affection totoaros us,an tottb the like fauourable inclination of our part to - 
 toaws pou.'She matter it felfe 9 tract of time (hall fufficientlp pjoue the fo jefaiu matter of trat 
 fike imp>ofitable to neither of usj'o j fo hath one (Son the thtrfc gottcrnoi of all things Difpofeo of 
 our affaires on eartb.tbat ech one fboulo neeDother.Snii as fo? our people s fubiects of the (£ng< 
 lifh nation,in berieoeeD pour maieffp Qjalfitto them mane ano faibioneo fo pliant to the prrfeur* 
 mance of all ouetiesof humanitp, tbat it can neuer repent pou to banc graunten them tb is franke 
 trafftkc,no?(bameu3tohaucobtemcott foj them at pour bancs, Chat tbcrcfoie it map plrafe 
 pour mateffp to peelo Unto them this at our reque(i,mo(t earnettlp toe befeech pou. 9no toe (as it 
 toel befecmctl) a p jtnee) if euer hereafter toe map,totl fheto our felfe not to bee tuminofull of fo 
 great a bcncfit.iKBe \oid) pour maiettp toel 9 p?ofpcroudp to fare.©itien at our palace of JOeft-- 
 minfler tlje x o f Dap of aune.ftt the pere of our lo?D 1 y 79, antj of our retgne tbe 1 1 , 
 
 Aduertife- 
 
rhrifiopher ^Burrough. Trafriques <3t Difcoueries., 4.19 
 
 Aduertifements and reports of the 6. voyage into the parts of Per- 
 fia and Mediator the coiupanie of Englifh merchants for the difcouerie of 
 new trades,in the yeeres 1 5 79.1 580. and 1 5 8 1 . gathered ouc of fundric letters written by 
 Chriftofher Bimougb, feruanttothefaidecompanic, andlenctohisvndeMafter William 
 TSurrough. 
 
 F3|rfi it is to lie totBerffooo.trjat tlje fijips fo? the Dotage to S, Nicholas in Ruflia, in teljich the 
 factors anometcbanoifefo?the ipecfian bo:agetoetetranfpo?teo,oeparteB frcmGrauefend 
 itje i9.of3Iune, 1 57o»tebicljatritteD at S.Nicholas in Ruflia the 2 2,of Jttlp.terjere clje f.ictojs 
 ano merchants lanocD.anrj tlje mercljantufctoereotfcljargen gtiaDcn into DQ{bmk£0,tbatis,bark£S 
 oftrjecountrep,tobecarteo fromthencebp bp riuer Ditto Vologda.aitD the 2$.Bapof pTaio jw- 
 
 lie.tbe BOujnikcS BepartCD from Rofe 3|flanD bp S,Nicholas Up the ritter D win a.Pcremene.t&at 
 
 is to fap,in poire, bp continual tailing,rototng,fettingtoitlj poles/? B ?ateingof me.tohictj came to 
 Colmogro the 2 7.oap , ano BtpartcB thence t|e 2 o.of Suite Dp tlje fait) riuer D wy n a,ano came to 
 Vflyoug (mljtclj is at tfee bcao of tlje tiuer D wina,ani) motttlj of Sughano)tl;e p.of 9uguft,tel)ere 
 thcpttapcBbut a fmalltime, pjouioingfomebictttalS;, ano ffjifttngceitaineof their catfackso? 
 barkmen,? fo oepartefl thence the fame cap top tlje riuer Sughano,ano came to Totma (tuhiclj is 
 counteo fometoljat mo?e then balfe the toap from Vitioug) tlje 1 y,Bap,tohere thep ftjifteo fottre of 
 rljfircalTafes.anDtieparteD tljence the fame nap, ano came to tlje citie Vologda tlje 1 p. of aupiJ, 
 toherc thep Ianoeo their gooos,anoftaieB at that place till the 30. of tlje fame, letting p?ottiBeB 
 at Vologda, Telegas, o?te0gons,teljereupo«tljeplaDeot!)Ctrgoai)s 3 ttjepbfparterjtl;enreteith 
 the fame bp lana totearas Yetaflaue tlje fain 3 o.of augur! at eight of the clocke in tlje morning, Y«aiuue. 
 ano came to the ffiattfioe of tlje riuer Volga outr againtt Ycraflaue.toith 2 y .Telegas Jaoen teitlj 
 thefaio gooos tlje feuenth of September at Rue of tlje cloche afternocne.Eljcn tlje th?ce (rrooga 
 0? barks pjouirjeo totranfpojtthe fatoe gooos to Aftracan(tobcre thep fijoulo meete tlje ftjip tljat 
 thoulo carie the fame from tljence into Perfia) came otter from Yeraflaue bnto the fame fioe of tlje 
 riuer Volga,ano tljete tooke in the faio goon?, ano hauingp?eparco tlje fato barks reaop teitb all 
 ncceflatp furniture thep BeparccB toith them from Yeraflaue ootene tlje riuer of Volga on tlje 1 4 
 nap of September at nine of tlje clocke in the mo?ning,ano tljep arritten at Niznouogrod tlje 1 7 
 nap at th?ee of the clocke afcernoonc.tohere thep fbetoeo the €mpero?s letters to parte free toith- 
 out paping anp cuftome.anB tatteo there about th?ee boures to pjouice necefianes , ano tfoen oe= 
 parting , arrittcB at Cazan(o? neere the fame totene) on the 2 2.of September at fiue of tlje clock 
 aftemoone,toljere (though contrarp totnBes,ano f 0? pjotiiof ng neto caflaks in tlje places f fome 
 that there toent from tljem) thep rematneB till the 26. nap,attoljatttmetljcpDeparteo tljence a* 
 bout ttooofthe clocke after noone, ana arriucBacTetufhagorod,tohichtson the Crim fioe of 
 Volga,ano in latitttoe 5 j.oegrees 2 2.mimttes,the 28.oap at ten in tlje fo?enoonc,tohcrc thep an-- 
 kereDjanBtematneB about j.ljottres,anB Beparting thence came to Oueak,tehtchis on the Crims 
 fioe (on tlje <OTetterne fioe of Volga) tlje fife of © ctober about fiue of tlje clocke in tlje mo?ning. 
 Crjts place i$ accounteo halfe the toap bettoeene Cazan ana Aftracan : ano Ijeere there grotoeth f^J! ^ Bf 
 great fto?e of !tco?is: thefotletsDerpfruttfttlUtljepfounDtljereaupletrees,anocljerrietrees t 
 "E^elatitttoeof OueaktSsi.Btgrets 2o.minutes.3t this place IjaB bene a berpfairefione ca= 
 file callea bp tlje name Oucak.f aoiopuing to tlje fame tossa totene callto bp # Huffes, S odom : 
 this totene 9 part of the caflle(bp rcpojt of tlje Htttres)teas ifmaloteeB into the eartlj bf tlje iudtce 
 of iSoB,fo ? the teickeonelTe of tlje people that tnhabiteo the fame, ^txt rematnetlj at tljis Bap to 
 be fecne a part of the rutnes of tlje caflle, ano certaine tombs,toljerein as it feemeth Ijaue bin laio 
 noble perfonages : fo? bpon a tombe fione might be pcrcetueBthefojme of a hojfe ano a man fit- 
 ting on it teitb a bote infais ljano,anB arrotees girt to his fioe: there teas a piece of a fcutchion al= 
 fo bpon one of tljettones,tehich haB characters gratten on tt.toljercof fome part IjaD becne confu- 
 meB toith tlje teeather,anB tftc rett left bnperfect:bnt bp the fo jme of them that t cmameo,tee iuB* 
 geo them to be characters of Armenians other rijaractersteeregcanenalfobpoanothcr tombe 
 fione. BotoethcpBeparteBfromOueak tlje faiDfiftof©ctoberatfiueof tlje clocke after noone, Pemueiot. 
 ano came to Perauolok the 1 o.Bap about eleuen 0? tteelue of the clocke tljat night, mak tug no a- 
 booe at that place,buc pafieo alongfl bp it. %\yv& teo^oe Pcrauolok in the EwTe tongue ooetlj Gg- 
 nifte a narroto fi?atght 0? necke of lano betteeene ttooteaters,ano it is fo calleD bp tljem, becatife 
 fcemthe riuer Voiga,at that place,tq the riuer Don 0? Tanais,is counteo thittpbcrtte,oj as mticlj 
 as a man map toell trauell on foote in one Bap. 3nB feuen berfis bencatlj, bpon an 3KlanB calico 
 Tfaritfna the €mperour of Ruflia bath fiftiegunners all tbefummcrtimeto keepcteatcij,cal' 
 UBbp the Tartar name Carawool^etteeene iljt's place wb Aftracan ate fiwe otbet Cara wools 
 ojtoatcjjes, 
 
 1 Zfyt 
 
4.20 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, QbriJlopber c Burrougb. 
 
 Aftracan, 
 
 Peter Garrard. 
 
 3tt<U Aftracan 
 f aj fame tno< 
 
 I1C(1)0. 
 
 Anno ijSo. 
 
 I "SLlje ficftiS nameo Kameni Carawool, ano iSOlftantfrom Perauolok i zo^ttit?, 
 
 a ^efccononanteDStupinoGarowool.ijtCamfromiljefirfljo.ijerffg. 
 
 3 s&ty tljicD calleo Polooy Carowool, is 1 2o,bertts oitlant from the fecono, 
 
 4 Zfye fourth namco Keczcyur Carawool.is jo.bcrtts oittant from the tbiro. 
 
 5 'Erjc fift nameo khkebre, tit 3 o f bertt oittant from the tburtb,anof torn khkebre to Aftta. 
 canisjo.bertK 
 
 ^be i<5,of SDctoberthep arriueoatAftracan,toitbdjeirtb?eettroogsin fafetie about nine of 
 tlje clock i'nt!jemojmttj,to()crctl)epfounDtfeeQ)tp pjouioeo foi tbePerfiabopageingooooiocr 
 9 rcaoineffc;&be 1 7.0ap the fcure principal factors of the company, Arthur Edwards, William 
 Turnbull,Matthew Talbois.,anO Peter Garrard,toere inuiteo to Dine toitb the tbt'ete Oiake 01 fe« 
 cretarp of Aflracan (Vafili Pheodorouich Shelepin)tobo Dcclarec then Ditto them the troubles 
 that metre in Media ano Perfia : anobototbe ^urke toitb hripeof the Crims bao conquereo,am> 
 DiopofTclTe tlje greatctt part of Media: alfo be lain befoje tljfin that flUiuter teas at bano,tjif tljep 
 Ebouio put out toit b tlje tr fht'p to tlje fca, tbep fhottlo bee confl cainco to take tobat ha jams might 
 happen them bp tointring in tljeparts of Media,oj els tohere,foj backeagaine to that place there 
 toas no hope foz tljem to rcturne : tobcreupon the faio factors Determines to (lap there all £Oin< 
 ter to leame further of the ttateofcbofe countreis* 
 
 3£he ip,of j^oucmbertljetotnDeheiug^ao^tljeilp.tljeretoasagreatfrolljanti much tec in 
 tlje titter : the nert Dap being tlje 30, of jftoueiiiber tlje ice ttoob in the riuer , ano To continueo 
 toufll Matter oap, 
 
 Che 2 1, of December oeparteo this life Iohn Moore the gunner of tlje fhip* 
 
 djutfoap tbe 7. of Jatmarpbettoeene 8,ano p,of the clocke at night tljtre appeared a erofle 
 pjoceeoingfrom tlje moone,toitbttoogallcs at tlje S>outlj ano iftoitbeno thereof, 
 
 Chc<5, ot'31amtarp being Ctoelfe oap(tobicb tbep call Chrefhenia) tljcKuflesofAftraean 
 b lake a bole in tlje ice bpon tlje riuer Volga, $ hallotoco tbe toater toit b great folemnttp accojoing 
 to tlje matter of tbeir countrep,at which time all tbe fouloiers of tbe totone ujo 1 IT their fmal pie* 
 ce?bpontbeice,anrjlifectoifetogratifietljecaptaineoftbccattelbeing aDttke, tohofename is 
 Phcodor Michalouich Troiocouria, tobo ttooo baro b^ the fhip,beboloing them as tbep toereoit 
 theriuer,toas fijot off allthe omittance ofouc fhip being 1 5.picce0 > viz.2,fatilcotr$,a,faulconcM, 
 4,fotolers,4.fotoIerscbambef0,anD3.otvjer final! pieces maoefoi the ttroogs totboote baile« 
 Ooncs,anoafcertoarD0 tlje great oiotuaiice of tlje cattle toasfbotoff, 
 
 ©n tlje 3 1 ,of 3!anuarp tbere bappenco a great eclipre of the moone, tobicb began about 1 a. of 
 the cloche at nigrjt, ano continued befoje flj c teas c I tare an botire ano a Ija'if e bp c tttmat ion.tobicb 
 cnoco tlje firff of .ff eb juarp about halfc an Ijoure pafi one in the morning: tbe toas to bollp oarlutco 
 bp the fpaceof halfean houre, 
 
 Cbe 1 6, of f ebmarp the totone of Nagay Tanars,calleti the Yourt, tohich is tottljt'n ? . quar* 
 mi of a mile of the caff le of Aftracan.bp cafualtp toas let on fire about 1 o. of the clock at night, 
 5 contintteo burning til mitmigbt,toberebp one Ijalfe of it toas burnt, anb much cattell octtropeo. 
 "JJCbeNagayestbatinhabite that totone,are the €mperourof RuffiahisbalTals : 3t isfuppofeB 
 there arc of tbcm inhabiting that place of men, iuomen, ano cljiltijen.tbc number of fctuntijou« 
 fano, ^h<»t night the Allarum toas maoe in tlje cattle ano totone of Aflracan. Ebc captaine 
 thereof hao all his fouloiers in berp gooo joer ano reaoinefle,being of them in number ttoo thou« 
 fano gunners ano caffafeM hat iff to fap.a thoufano gunners, toljiclj are accounteo meere fouloi 4 
 ers, ano are not put toanp other fcruicc tljen the bfe of their pieces,toatch,rjc,asfbulDicrs tohic& 
 altoaies hcepc t he rattle, ano the caffafes alfo bfing their pieces,ookeepe the totone,ano are com* 
 monlp fet to all kino of labours. 
 
 %he 7, of Spareb 1 s 8 o, tlje Nagayes ano Crims came before Aflracan to the number of 
 one thoufano foure bunojeo ho ?femcn,tohicb incampeo rouno aboctt,but the neerett of them toere 
 ttoo ikuffeberttsanoaljalfeofffromthecattleanototonifome of them lap on the Crims Cue of 
 Volga, anofome on the Nagay (toe, butnone of them came topon the 3!flano that Aflracan ttan» 
 Adrjcnfimate oethon.attoasfaiDtljatttooofthepnnceoftljeCrimshisfonnestoere amongfltljem. ©he? 
 upon an jflAo. f ent a mefTengcr on the eight oap to the captain of Aflracan, to ftgnifie that tbep tooulo come ano 
 tout hi">* tobo antoeteo , he toas reaop to receiue them : ano taking a great (hot } bullet in his 
 foano.toillc tlje mettenger to tel them that tljcp ujoulo not toant of that gear c,fo long as it tooulo 
 Iafl &ty ninth oap netoes toas bought that the Crims oeterminco to affault the totone oi cattle, 
 anotoeremakingoffagotsofrceoe, tob?ingtoiththEntfo?thatpurpofe. Stbe tenth oap ttoo 
 Kuffts that toere captiues,ano ttoo of the "ftartars bonomen ranne atoap from the Nagayes,ano 
 came into Aflracan. %ty fame oap too jo toas brought to the Duke of ttoo Nagayes tohicb toere 
 feenc at Goftinehoufe, fuppofeo to be fpies,but toere gone ajjaine from thence befoje tbep toere 
 
 fufijectco. 
 
rbriftopber'Burrougb. TrafFiques,<3tDiicoueries. 421 
 
 fufpccceo.HIns Goftine Ijoufe is a place a ttcle tuitljout ttje totone tuJjete tl»e Cifihs (o j pcrGau 
 meccbants) to toruallpremaincluitlj cbct'cmcccijanDi^c-'SDljc n.Daptbef?.iDNagayes , ano one 
 mo?e toitb tbem, came againe to tbat fjoufe earclp in tbe moving , lubere tbep tocre taken bp tlje 
 SulfeS , ano bjoug^t to tlje captaine of tlje cattle, ano being eramineo, confcfTeo tljaubeir ccm- 
 rnuigtoasonelptofeeketaioof tbeir bom>mcntljac toere runnefrom tbem : toljereupon tljfic 
 bonomen toere DeliuereD to tbem : tutycb fattour tlje faio captaine comonlp (Ijeiuctlj if tljcp be net 
 SttlTiefi.anD tbep toere fee at libertte, 'Cije 1 3, Dap tljep bjake Dp tljeir camps,a!iDmarcbeD to tlje 
 fjojtbiaatDS into tlje countrep of Nagay. 
 
 ^Ijciy.ofapjiltljebariattonoftbecompaireobffrtteDmAflracantoasiij.Cfcr^o.nim.from « «e banation 
 j^tbto cTUcft.^bia fpuug tbere camenetoesto Aftracan tljattbe qucene of Pcrfia(tbe king be- SiARnSi'SSS 
 ing bltno)baD bene aiitlj a great arm? againft the ©urks tljat lucre left to poflclTe Media.ano haa 1 3-»»e-4°. 
 gtuen rijem a great ouertbjoiu: pec nottuttbfianomg Derbent, $ tlje greatett part of Media tocte " ,mutB, 
 flilt polfelTeD ano kept bp t^e Uurks.'dje factors o t tbe companp confultmg Dpon tbeir affap \«& t 
 DetermincDtoleaue at Aftracan tbe one balfecftbeirgooostoitlj Arthur Edwards, anDtoitljtbe 
 otber Ijaifc tlje otber tb?ee factors tooulo pjoceeoin tlje flrip on tbeir purpofco viopage to tlje crjatt 
 of Media,to fee toljat mt'gljt be Done tbece:tobcre,if tljep coulo not Bud fafe traffike, tbep Dctermi» 
 neoto pjoceeo to tlje coalt of Gilan ,tobicb is a pjoutnee nerc tlje Cafpian fea bo jeering Dpon Per- 
 br.mi tljcrnpou appotnteo tlje Cud gooos to be Udcu aboo jd tbe ujip,ane toake into Ijrr alto fame 
 tnercljano^e of ©fifes o j iperfian merebants, 
 
 %\t 2p.of &pjil Amos Ria!l,ano Anthony Marfh, trje companies f ermines toere ftnt frcm 
 Aftracan bptijefatD facto js,bp theriuer Volga to YcTaflaue.toub letters of atuifc to be fent fcj 
 CiiglanD.anoljaDojDer fo? (taping tbe goooa in Ruflla tbat ftjoulo come tbat pecrrotitof<£ng» 
 lano fa? maiutcining trjc crane purpoftDfoj Periia,Dntill furtljer triall lucre maoe tobat migljt be 
 Done in tljofe parts, 
 
 %& ficft Dnp of S^ap intbe mojmng 3 baufog tlje ujtppem reaoineffeto Dcpatt,tbc factors t'nui< m* 
 
 teDtljeDuke Pheodor Micalouich Proiocootow,anDtbep?!ncipallfecretarp Vafili Pheodo- 
 
 rouich Shclcpin.toitb otljer of tlje cljicfcfl about tlje Duke to a banket abooja tlje flrip,tobere tl;ep 
 lucre interteineo to tbeir gooo liking, ano at tljeir Departure toas fljot off all tlje ojDinance of tbe 
 ftip,ano about nine of tbe clocke at nt'gtjc tbe fame Dap tbcp toepeo anker.anD Departea toitk tbeir 
 njip from Aftracan^anD being butIitletoinDe,tobJCDbertoitb tbe boat about tb?ee berUs, $ tbea 
 ank?rcD,bauing tettb tbem a pauos o j Itgrjter to'bclpe tbem at tlje flats.Cbe feconb Dap at foure of 
 tbeclocke in £ moaning tbep tuepeD 9 plpeo oolune tlje rtttcr Volga totoaro tbe Cafpian fcaX&e 
 feueatlj of fl^ap in tbe morning tbep paffco bp a tree tbat ftannttb on tbe left banD of tbe rtucr asf 
 tbcp toent Dotone^bicb 10 calleD Mahomet Agatch 3 o? Spabcmets tree,? about tb?ee Dcrfls fur* 
 tljer.tbatii! to Cap, to tlje ^outfjijiarDg of tlje ratotrcets a place calleD Vchoog.that is to fap,tljc Y choog. 
 Kuffe lueate: (b ut Ochoog is tbe name of a toer,re in tbe Tartar tongue) tobere are certain cota= 
 ges.ano tlje Cmperotir batb Ipmg at tbat place ccrtaine gurmccs to garo bis Rfrjcrmen tbat kecpe 
 tlje toeare, %\)is Vchoogis counteDfrom Aftracan 6o.Derfts:tbepp?ocecocDDouine tljcfaiD ti' 
 uer rjottbout ttaptng at tbe Vchoog. ^Cbe nintlj anD tentb napes tbep met tuitlj fljoalo tuater, ana §>uoM6 turner, 
 toere fojcea toligbten tljeir (bip bp tbe pauos : tlje 1 1 .Dap tbep fent backe to tlje Vchoogfo? an 
 otljer pauos:Cbtis oap bp mifcljsnce tbe ujippe teas bilgeo on tbe grapnell of tbe pauos.iDljerebp 
 tbe companp bao futtaineo great IoflesUf tbe cljiefett part of tljeir gooDS baD not beenc lapor into 
 tbe pauos: foinottoitb3anDing tbetr pumping tottb j.pumps,beaumg out toatetteitb buckets, 
 ano all tbe bed (bifts tljep coulo make , tljeujippe luas balfe full of mater ere tbe leake roiilo be 
 founo ano ftopt, W$z 1 a.oap tbe pauos came to tbem from tbe Vchoog, tobcrcbp tbcp ItgljtrD tbe 
 Ojippe of all tbe gooos. 'Cbe 1 5 . Dap in tlje moaning tljere came to tbem a final! boat, fent bp tbe 
 captaineof Aftracan^olearuelxiljctljfrtbeujippettiereatfeacleereoftbeflats.Ebe 15. Dap bp $\m. 
 great inDutlrp ano trauell tbep got tbeir Qjip cleare off tbe ujoales ano flats , toljeretottlj tljep baD 
 becne troubleo from tbe nintb Dap bntiil tljcn: tljep uiere fojceo to palfe tbeir Ibippe in tbjee foot 
 mater oj lelTe. %\)Z i6,Daptbe?cameto tbeCheteraBougori,oj 3iflano of jfoure pillocks, ch«eraBmi»orf. 
 toljtcb ate counteofo?tpberlls from Vchoog,ano are tlje furttcHlaiiDtoluaiDStbcfea. %\)t 17. <Ej c car P i» 
 Daptbeplmreoffintotbefea,anobcingaboucttocluibert!?fromtbefourebil!ocks,nD!nginntie (c& - 
 foot ano a balfe toater about eletten of tlje clocke in tlje fo^cncanctljep tookc tbeir gooos out of tlje 
 pauol'es into tbe Qitppe , ano filleD tbeir fijippc tuitb all tbingc neceffarp.'Ebe 1 8.nap in tbe may 
 ning about feucrt of tbi clocfe.tbe pauofes being Difcbacgeo Depsiteo atoap tctoaros Aftracan.tlje 
 toinoe tben at S)outbsalr,tbep roao fltll ttiicb tlje (rjippe,ano obferuing tlje clcuatian of tlje pole at 
 tbat place.founo it to be 45.ocgrecs ao.minuts.'Ebe i9.Dap,tbe toino ^outbeaft.tljep roaD fitH. ^*^™ E * 
 Cbe 2o,nap tlje tninor at jflojtbuieS tbep fet faile about one of tlje clocke in tlje moving, ij Hz-- ■anlt'ttiftoKtf 
 wotfjeiice ^atttb ty saJelt.ct S)3utljfoutljiatfl,about 5 Jeaguefc ano tljcn nnkereD in 6,faot sua g" 1 ! 1 "* 
 
 mn aljalfe 
 
\1% 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Qhrijlopber'Bw rough. 
 
 IBiaciitlfiUi.v 
 mffltrelniil)' 
 sn ttjc led. 
 
 4?. Decrees 
 
 I5.1UIIUUS- 
 
 Ai.Otgma 
 
 J2.1UIIHU9. 
 
 40 btgrets 
 j4,mmut». 
 
 95HMII. 
 
 Ba Ah pojt. 
 
 a halfe toater,about nine of $ clocke before noonc,at toljicb time it fell calme: tljecleuation oftbe 
 pole attbat place 45,oegrees 1 3.11^^0.^ 2i.bautngtbetoinoeat j"2ojthtoeu\tbcpfetfatle, 
 ano fterco thence $>outb bp ailefl, ami S>outIj bntill eleuen of the clocke, ano (jap then nine facte 
 toatenano at noone the? obferueo the latituoe.ano fottno it to be 44.Br grees 47,minuts:tben ban 
 tbep tljiee fatboms ano a balfe toater.betng cleare of the flats. 3t is counteo from the jfourebil* 
 lockes to the fea about fiftte betas. .from tlje fato noonettoe bntill foure of tbeclockc tbep fapleo 
 5g>outb bp €att fiue leagues ana a Ijalfe : then Ijao thep fiuc fathoms ano a balfe anofyackiflj tea? 
 let: from that till ttoelue at nigbt tbcp fapleo g>outb bp €aft balfe a league.Catt tennt leagues : 
 tben bat> tljep eleuen fatbome, ano tbe toater falter, jFrom tbat till tlje a 2,oap tb?ee of tbe clocke 
 in tbe moaning tbep fapleo tb jee 9 fiftp leagues,thrn bao tljep Crtene fatbome toater: from tbente 
 tljep fapleo Until noone &outb ano bp 2Hcft feuen leagues ano a halfe,tbe Iatituoe tben obfertieo 
 4 3 .Degrees 1 5,minuts,tlje ocptlj then eight ano ttoemie fatljoms,anB fijalloto grouuo: from that 
 bntill eijjht of tbe clocke at nigbt, tljep fapleo &outb bp €afl fiue leagues ano a balfe , tben ban 
 tbcp tb?ee ano fojtie fatboms (balloto grouno, from thrnce ttll tbe 2 3 ,fourc a clocke in tbe may 
 ning , tbcp faileo sg>outljfouti;toeG tbjee leagues ano a balfe : tljen cculo tbep get no grouuo in 
 ttoo ano fiftte fatboms oeepe.jFrom thence bnctll noone tbcp fapleo §>outh nine leaguegjthen tlje 
 Iatituoe obferueo tons 4^ oegrees 26,mtnuts. jrrom that till tlje 24. Dap at noone tljep fapleo 
 g>outlj bp Mell feuenteene leagues ano a balfe , tben tbe Iatituoe obferueo toas 41 .oegrees 32. i 
 mimtts.tf rom noone till feuen of tbe cloche at nigbt, thep faileo ^outhfoutbtocft foute leagues, 
 then bao tljep perfect figljt of high lano 0? Ijilles , toljicb toere almoft couereo toitb fnoto , ano tlje 
 miosofthem toere ^teft from the Qjip, being then about ttoelue leagues from tbeneareftlano: 1 
 tljep founoeo but coulo finoe no grotino in ttoo hunojeo fathoms, from tljence tljep failcD fecuth' 
 toeft bntilmioniglit:about tb?ee leaguesftom tljence tilltlje 25,oap foure of the clcckm tlje moj/ 
 ning, tljep fapleo SUefttljjeelcagueSjbcingtbenlitleUJinoe.an&necretbclanD, tljep tookein 
 tbctr faplcs, ano lap Ijuiling : at noone tlje Iatituoe obferueo, toas 40, oegrees 54. minuts : tbcp 
 fotmocDbut coulo get no grouno in ttooljuno jeo fathoms.&t four of tlje clocke in tbe aftetnoone, 
 tbe toince fl3ojtbtoeft,thep fet their failes, 9 from tljence till the 2 6.oap at noone tbcp faileo Caft 1 
 foutheaft foure If agues.JFrom tljence tljep faileo till eight of tlje cloche at ntgbt gjouthtoett tlj?ee . 
 leagues , the totnoe then at Jfto jth. from thence tbep fallen bntill tlje 2 7.oap nuo of tbe cloche i« 
 tbe mo?ning,2Bcflfoutljtoettetgljtleapes,thetoinoebtovi)ing atji2o?th betp muclj. jTromtlje 
 fauo ma til foure of the ttotfcc tbep faileb S outh'bp JBcfi one league:then being o?.p light, tljep 
 fato tlje lano nlaine , toljiclj toas not paR thjee leagues from tljem, being berp bigb raggeo lano, 
 ■SCbcre toere cmatne rocks that lap fatre eft* into the fea, about fiuc leagues fromthe fame lano, 
 (tobtch are calleo Barmake Tafh y tbcp fapleo bettor ene tljofe rocks aim tbelant^atuj about fiue of 
 the clocke tijep patfeo bp tlje aojt Bilbill, toljere tbcp ujoulo baue put in but cottlu not j ano bea» < 
 rmglongfl tbe fljoare about ttoo of tie clocke afternooue, tljep came to Bildih in the countrcp of 
 Media } Sheruan,againft tohtch place tljep ankcrcti in 9. foot toater. "pjefentlp after tbep toere 
 at anker, there came aboo^o of them a boat,toherein toere feuen 0? eight perfons.ttoo Curks,tlje 
 reft lperfians,tlje Eutkes bauaTs^tohiclj bane tljem toelcome, ano fecmeo to be glao of their atti« 
 ttall.toljo tolo tlje factors that the tilurke Ijao conquereo all Media,oj the countrep Sheruan, ano 
 boto that tbe 'SLiirksBafharemauieo tnDcrbcnttoitha gatrifonof Eurkes,ano tljat Shamaky 
 toas toljollp fpoplco, ano bao feto 0^ no inhabitants left in it. Che factourstljcnbetngoefircuS 
 tocometotljefpeecboftbcBafhajfentoneoftbeCiftkes^^metcljantsthattoentouertoitbtljem 
 from Artracan J pau"ingers)ano one of the companies feruantsRobcrtGolding,toiththofefoul« 
 oiourSjto the captatne of Bachu , tohtchplace ftanocthbarD bp the fea, to ccrtifie Ijim of tbeit ar^ 
 riuall, ano toljat commooities tbep bao b?ought,ano to oefire frienoiljippe to baue quiet ano fafe 
 traffike la\ tlje fame, Bachu is from Bildih, tbe place tobete tbcp toao , about a oapes tournep, 
 on footc eafilp to be trautlleo , tobtch map be fire leagues tlje nert toap ouer lano : it is a toallco 
 totone, ano ftronglpfo^titleo. 22lhen tljefapo meftenger came to the captatne of Bachu, tlje 
 faio captaine gatte him betp frienolp intertainment, ano after he bnoerftooc toljat tljep toere tljat 
 toere come in the firippe,ano toljat tbep bao bjought,lje feemeo to reiopce much tljereatjtobogane 
 tbefaioGoldingiicencetoocpartbacke the nert oap,betng the eight ano ttoentiefboaptanopjo' 
 mifeo t!jat be toottlo bimfclfe come to the Ojippe the nert cap follotoingitoitlj tohich anftoere tlje 
 faio Golding returneo ano came to theftjtppe tljefapo eight ano ttoentietb oap about nine of the 
 clocke at nigbt-dje nine ano ttoentietb oap in tlje morning the factours caufeoa tent to be fctbp 
 atftjoare nearctlje Hjippe, againft the comming of tljefapo captaine: toljocame tljiiber about 
 tb?ee of tlje clocke after noone, ano bjougljt about tbirtiefouloiers, tbatattenoeoon bim,in ftjirts 
 wtmale,auofome oftljem Ijao gauntlets of filuer, otljerscffteele.anobcrpfaire. Clje factors 
 met bim at tbeit ttntj ano after toerp frienolp falutations palfeo b ettoeene tyewybep gaue him fb? 
 
 a pjefene 
 
 - 
 
 
Christopher 'Burrough. Traffiques,&Di fcoueries.- 423 
 
 M.Chriflophet 
 
 E un ouch, 
 
 apiefrnt a garment of cloth of nelttet, aim another of frarlec, tobo accepted tlje fan« gratcfutlp, 
 
 after tbep hao t alheo together bp tbeir intcrpjetojs, as tocll of the ftatc of tlje uopnge aim cattfe 
 
 of their camming tljitljcr, as alfo learncD of the fapoe captaine the ftatc of cbat couKtrcp, the fac* 
 
 tours maoe requcQ unto him, that he tooulo belpe them to the fpeech of the Bafha, toljo anfuiereo 
 
 that their Demana toas reafbnable,ana tljat he tooulo toitlinglp fijeto tljcm therein toljat pleafure 
 
 hccoulo.anolapli.becaufe the toaptoDerbent.tobetetheBaiharcmapneo.wag Dangerous, he 
 
 UjouId feno thither, ano cerciSc him of their arriuall , aim toljat comnuoities tljeg ban brought, 
 
 ano furh ccinmoDicies as tbep tooulo Defire to ercbange o? barter the fame fo? he tooulo pjocure 
 
 tbcfaio Bafha to pjoutDefo?them : ano tbercfo^totlleo tbe factors to confulc together, ano cer= 
 
 f.fie h'-m toljat tbep moll DCuteo, anD tohat quantitie thep tooulo haue p?ouiDCD:fo toljiletl the fac* 
 
 to jstocrc confuting together thereupon, the captaine talkcD with a €iOke merchant that came 
 
 ouer in the fbtp toith tljem from Afttacan, tobicb 3EtR&e, among other matters in talke, certitlcD 
 
 the captainctljat the night bcfojc.tbe factors ? tljetr company toere octermincD to haue returned 
 
 backe againc to Aftracan, ann that tl;ep toere about to toep their ankers.tobicb in Deeo toas true, 
 
 buttbcmaitreroftljebarke Thomas Hudfon of liinehottfepcrftoancDthemtbatthetoinDtoas ThoimsH«,>roi4 
 
 not gooD fo j them to Depart, &?c. c" Jthen the factors came agame to talke toitb tlje captaine, ttjep JJ^« n?J£* 
 
 DcCrcD to goe to the Bafha , anD that he tooulo fafelp conDtict them thither : be granted tbeir re* ensuoj batke, 
 
 HticilstoilUttgIp,DettrtngthcmtogaetoitbbimtoabitlagebarDbp, anD thetetoafcice toitb htm 
 
 that nigljt ,and the nert Dap thep iljoulo go to Bachu.ano from thence p jocecoe on their iournep to 
 
 Derbent.'&hcptoerebntoiiungtogo tljat night toitb him, becaufe tbeir p?ouulonfoj the toap 
 
 toas not in reaDineffe.bttt requefteo tljat tljep might flap til the mojning.'&hereupontbe captaine 
 
 fapdit toas rcpajteD Ditto him, that thep ment tljenigljt befojeto baue gone atoap : anD if it Lnoulo 
 
 fa bappcn,hs tocrefo great Danger of looCng his beaD : fo j Which cattfe be requeued to Ijntte fome 
 
 one fo? apleoge : to!)ercfa?eS^,Garrard oneof the factojs offcrcohimfelfetogo, toho,bccaufe 
 
 be coulD not tpcakc the Eulfc tongtie,tooke toitb bim Chriftopher Burrough , ano a Eufte inter* 
 
 pjetour: that itigljt thep roan from the Ccafioe, to a tollage about ten miles off, inhere at fuppec 
 
 time tl;e captainebao much talkc toitb Sp»Garrard Dfourcountrep,DemanDingtohereaboutic 
 
 tio lie, toljat cottntre pa tocreneare Unto it,anD toitb tobom toe baD tramke,fb jbp the ftmTe name 
 
 of our countrep be coulti not comecture tobo toe (boulD be: but toben bp the tttuation he perceiucu 
 
 toe toere £EngliG)men,be Demanded if our p?incctoere amapoenflueene: tobich toben be toast 
 
 terti6eDof ; then(qttotbbe>curlanDiscalleDEnghiherra,isitnot s .anftoerctoasmaDe,ittoasfo: 
 
 tobercof he toas uerp glao toljen he kneto tbe ccrtainetp, 8?c mace Uerp much of tljem, placing 
 
 Sfc.Garrard nert tObimfclfe, anD Chriftopher Burrough , toitlj tlje Kttfite interpjetout foj tbe 
 
 Curkie tongue baro bp. ^bere toas a ©illan merchant toitlj him at that p jefent, of tohom be fee* 
 
 meo to make great account : Ijim he placeo nert to bimfelfe on tbe otber fioe , anD his gentlemen 
 
 fate rouno about him talking togctber* ^heir fitting is upon tbe beeles, o % crolfe leggf D. 
 
 Supper being b^ougbt in, be requetteD tljem to eatc. after their potage ( tobicb toas maoe of 
 rice) toas Done , anD Ukctoifc tljetr bopleo meat, there came in platters of rice foDDen tbicfcc,ano 
 honp mingleD toit'jall : after all tohicbi came a fljecpe roftco tobole, tobiclj toas brought in a trap, 
 ano ft t before the captaine: be calico one of his feruitours , tobo cut it in pieces ; anD laping tberof 
 bpon Diuers platters, fctihe fame before the captaine : tljen tlje captaine gaue to 9&. Garrard ano 
 tiscompanp oncplatter, ano to his gentlemen anotber, anD to them tohicb coulD not toell read) 
 %e call meat from tbc platters tobicb toere before bmuSDiuers qucOtons he baD toitb S^.Garrard 
 ano Chriftopher Burrough at fuppcr time,about tljetr otet.inquiring tofjethcr^hep eatfihjo? fleuj 
 uoluntarilp, o? bp omer, %%tix. fijinfee in tbofe partes is nothing bnt toater, after fnpper ( toaU 
 king in tbe garocn) tbe captaine DemanceD of S9, Garrard, totjethfr the bfe toas in England to 
 lie in tbe bottfe oj in the garoen , ano tobiclj Ije bab befl liking of: be anftoereo , tohere it plcafeo 
 bim, but tljetr ufe toas to lie tnljoufes:toljereupon the captaine caufcobeDs to befentinto tlje 
 boufe fo? tbem,ano caufeo bis kinfman to atteno on them in tbe nigljt,if thep cljancen to toant anp 
 njing : be Ijimtelfe toitb his gentlemen ann fouloierslping in tlje garoctu 
 
 31n the manning berp earlp Ije fent ljo?fe fo? tberefl of the companp tobicb flffoulD go toDerben t, 
 fenoing bp them that totHt tennc fljeepe fo j the ftjippe. 31ntbat btllage tljere toas a fetoue, into 
 tobicb tbe captaine toentinthemofuing.requeftingS^, Garrard to go alfo to tlje fame to toath 
 bimfelfe, tobiclj be oitr, §>bo j tip after tlieir connning out of tbe§»toue, toljiletl tljep toere at 
 
 b?eakfatt,Sp.Turnbull^.Tailboyes, ano Thomas Hudfon tbe S^, of tbe fljippe , came thitljer, 
 ant> toljen tljep baD all broken their falls, thep toent to Bachu : but Chriftopher Burrough rctut-- 
 neDtothe(hip»fo?thatbebaDburtbi3lcg,anDcoulDnottoelI cnoure that trauell. 3nDfcom Ba- 
 chu tljep pjoceeoeD totoaros Derbent, as it toas bp the captaine pjomifeo, being aCcompanicc on 
 their toapfoj tbeir Cafe coirauct.toitlj a gemleraan,anD cercaine foulDiers,tobicb han the captaine 
 
4M- 
 
 oft!ie<i;ngIilrj 
 illtu Detbent. 
 
 ■SEftctatftube 
 
 Of Bildih 40. 
 Bcg.2j.mm. 
 $Ll)e Dariariott 
 of t\;: coinpaa 
 10 Btg.40. 
 mm. 
 
 I 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Cbriflopher'Bur rough. 
 
 ota^tnu tjts leiteratotljebaftiaoi Deibcnt.toecpttienOipiujitteninttjetr befjalfc, 3!n their 
 iou neptn Deibent tljcp fojfooke tfje ojoinauc toapca, being i)crp Dangcrougf, ano tcaucllco tljo« 
 roto moabs tillttep came almottto the totoneof Derbent: ami then tlje gentleman roabbefo?e 
 but!) t(je captntnea letters to tlje Bafha , to certifie Ijtm of tbc Cngliuj merchants comming.tobo 
 receding the letters, ano bnoerttanbing tbe matter,toas berp glab of the netoc s ,anb fent fo?tb to 
 rercitie tbem ctrtaine fotiloiecs sunnerpjtnljo met tbem about ttoo miles outof tbetotene,faIu* 
 ting tijem tuttb great rcucrcncc, ans aftertoaroes roab before them : tben againe met ujem otber 
 fo utoiours,fometoIjac nee'rer the catile,tobicb littemife bailing bone tbeir faltttations roao befo?e 
 tbe m, ano tben came foo?tlj noble meH, captaincs, ano gentlemen,to rccciue tbem into tbe cattle 
 ans totone, 3s tljrp rntteb tlje caGIe,tbere toas a Qjot oi ttoentie pieces of great omittance ,g tbe 
 Bafha fent £p f Turnbullaberpfatrebo?febJ!tbfurnttureto mount on.ifteemeo tobetoo?tbsn 
 rjun:>?e5 markes, anb fo tbep mere conuepeo to bis defence: toljo after be baa talkeb toitlj tljcm, 
 fent fo? a coate of clotlj of goloe,ano cauteo it to be put on $$, TurnbuIIes backe, anb tben toilleb 
 t!;em all to oepart, ano take tljeir eafe,fo? trjat ujep mere toearie of tljetr toutnep.ano on tbe mo?* 
 roto be moulo taltte further toitb tljctruElje ncrt oap to'jcn p factors came agame to tbep?cfencc 
 of tbe Bafha,acco?Dmg to bis appointment, tbep rcquetteo bim tbat be tooulb grant ti>t m bis p?i= 
 ttilege,toberebp iljep might traffike fafelp in anp part anb place of bis countrep,offeriug him,tljat 
 if it pleafc o bis S^aitttie to haue anp of tbe coimnooittes tbat tbep bao b?ougbt , anb to tyitc bis 
 minb thereof to tlje captaine of Bachu , it ujoulo be oeiiue rco bim acco?Dmglp,&be Bafhaes an* 
 ftoere toas,tljat be moulb toillinglp giue tbem bis p ?iuilege: pet fo? tbat be regaroeo tbeir fafctie, 
 bauing tome fo farre, g knotting i-lje Hate ofrjfs countrep to be trcublefome, Ije moulb baue tbem 
 to b?ing their commooitp tljttbcr.g tbere to make fale of it,p?omiu"ng be tooulo p?ouioe fuclj com* 
 mob ties as tbep necDcb,ano tbat be tooulb beabefencebntotbem.fo tbat tljcpftjoufo not be iniu« 
 reb bp anp:toberupon tbefacco js fent Thomas Hudion backe fo? $ ujip to b?ing bcr to Derbent, 
 ana tbeBafhafentagcatlemanmitbbim to tbe captaine of Bachu, to certifie IjimtobattoasDe* 
 tetmineo,tobicbmeuage being bone.tbe captaine of Bachu, ano tlje Bafhaes mrficnger,accoms 
 panieo toitb a ooo^en foulbioucs , ment from Bachu toitb Thomas Hudfon, 9 came to tbe ibis 
 at Bildih tbe 1 1 .bap of 3!une.9fter tbe captaine ano bis men bab beene aboom ano feene tbe ujip, 
 tbep all brpartcb p?eff mlp.but tbc gent!cman,meflenger from j} Bafha,toitb tb?eeotbet 'fturks, 
 remaineo aunajs, anb continues in tbe Ujip till uje came to Derbent : tbe latituoe of Bildih bp at* 
 tiers obferttations is 4o,begrces ^ y.minuts:tbebariation of tbe compaffe i o.begrees4o,minuta 
 from jl2o? tb to ffilletr, 3fter tlje returne of Thomas Hudfon backe to Bildih,tbep mere conttrap* 
 neo to rcmaine tljete mitb tbe ftjippe tb?ougb contrarp toinaes bntill tbe i <5, oap of 3Iune foure of 
 tbe clockeitubc moming,at mbicbtime tbep toepeb anker, fet faile anbbeparteb tfcencetotoatfiS 
 Derbent, am arriuebatanheragainll Derbent Call anb bp S»outb from tbe fapb cattle in foure 
 f atb 'me anb a balfe toatcr,tbe u.oap of 31une at ten of tbe clocke in tbe mo?ning:tben tbep tooke 
 Dp tbeir o jcinance, tobich before tbep bab ftotoeo in bolo fo? eating tlje ttjippe in Ijer roiuling. Jn 
 tbe afiernoone tlje Bafha came botone to tlje materltoe agatntt tbe ttjippe.anb bauing tbe fats o?oi? 
 nance placeo, anb cljargeb, it luas alllrjotce offtogratifie bim: anb p?cfcntlp after IjiSbepartttre 
 backe, be permitteo tbe factors to come aboo?b tbe fljippCCbe 39,bap tljeir goobs toere bniaoen 
 anb carries to tbe Bafhaes garben.tobere be mabe tljopcc of fttclj tljings as be likeb,taking fo? cu* 
 fiome of etterp fiue g ttoentp karfies, o? tobatfoeuer,one,o? after tbe rate of foure fo? tbe bunn?eo, 
 ©Ije facto?s after bis cljopce mabe, betermineb to ft nb a part of tbe red of tlje gooos to Bachu, 
 fo? tlje fpecbier making fale tljereof, fo? rxbtclj caufe tbep obtaineo tbe Bafliaesletter to tbe cap« 
 taine of Bachu, m?ittenbcrpfauourablpintbeirbeboofe:anotI)ereuponuiasIaoenanbfenttt! 
 a fmaH boat of that countrep in mercbanot?e,to tlje balue (berp nee re) of one tboufano pouno fler* 
 ling: videlicet,one bunb?etlj pieces of fearfies,feuen bjoao clothes ,tuie barrels of cocbenclio,ttoa 
 barrels of tinne, foure barrels of ujaffe, Cbrre ment teitb tbe fame of tlje companies feruants 
 
 William Winckle,RobercGolding, anb RichardRelfe,toitbtll)oKuiries,tt)bercofone UiaS an 
 
 tn;erp?cto?,befioeBfourebarkemen, '©bepbeparteo from Derbenc toitb tbe fatobarke tbe 19. 
 of 3lulp, anb arriueo at Bildih tbe 2 y, bap : tbeir paffage anb carriage of tbeir gooos to Bacbu 
 mas chargeable, altljougb tljeir fales toljen tljcp came tbitber mere fmall : tbep bao great frieno* 
 firip ttjemebtbem of tbe captaine of Bachu , as toellfo? tbc Bafhaes lctter,asalfo fo? tlje facto?« 
 fakes, tobo bao beattfrienolp mitljbim,as befo?eisoecIareo.Rcbert'GoIdingOEfirous tobnter* 
 ttano tobatmigbtbeooneatShamaky.mbtebiSaoaiesiournfp from Bachu.ment tbitber.from 
 whence retur aing,be teas fet on bp tbecues.ano toas fljot into tlje knee toitb an arroto, tobo bao 
 berp barblp efcapeo toitlj bis life 9 gooos, but tbat bp gcob bap be feilleb one of tlje tljee uts bo?fes 
 toitb bis caliuer, ano ujot a ^urke tbo?oto both checks toitlj a oag. flDn tlje firt oap of 9ugutt tbe 
 f actois being aottettifes at Derbent tbat tljeir ftjip toas fo rotten 9 toeafce^bat n u,as ocubfuli die 
 
 tooujo 
 
Qbrittopber'Burrougk. Traffiques,6cDifcouenes. 4.Z5 
 
 ttould not catrp tljem backe to Aflracan.did tbcrupon agree and b'argen ac that plate tottlj an ar? 
 mcman,tobofename mas lacob,fojabarkecalleoa^ufle,beingof burden about ? j.tunnes, 
 Uflljicb came that pere from Aftracan.nnd toas at tljat inflant riding at an Jflano calUdZercabojit 
 ttjjee o? fottre leagues bepono aj. to tlje dEattroaraes of Bildih, tobicb barkc fo? their mo je faf etp, »'« siurD, 
 tbep ment to baue toitlj tljem in their returnc to Allracan, mu> tljerupon tojotc tonto Wincoll ano 
 the rettat Bachu, tbat tbep fljould rcccitte tljefamcUulfcanBlade in ber their goons at Bildih to 
 be re tutneotoDerbent.ant) todifcljarge tljeir ficfl boatctobicij tons obferuee bp them accojoing= 
 Ip, (KUljen all tljeir goods toere laden abooio t!je fapa UutTe at Bildih, ano being reatip to bane 
 Departed tbencc foj Derbent, tljere arofe a great ftojme toitb thetoinoeoutof tljefea, bp fo?ce 
 toljereofnje cables ano balfcrstoerebjoken, ano tljeir rjeflcll put a fljoare, andbjoken to pieces 
 againfttlje rockes : citetp of tljem tljat toere in fcerfaueo tbeir Hues, and part of tlje goods, But ««g ««bkib 
 there toas a Catobia o? cljefte, toljercin toere dollers, and goloe , tuljicb tljcp bad recciuco fojj wjjke * ' 
 tbc commodities of tbecompanp 3 njbicljtljep fold at Bachu,tobiib at tlje takingout of tbe^uiTr, 
 fell bp tbe barkes fide into ttje toater amongft trje rockes, ana fo toas loft, Che packes of cjotb 
 tobicb the? could not toell take out oftbe 315 wTe toere alfo loft, other tljings that ujcremojepjo* 
 Stable tljepfaueo. 
 
 Cbe 1 S.of Aupft.tbejf actojsrecewed from the Bafha yoo.Tgatmans ofratofilkc,parcctl 
 of the batgame made toitb Ijim.tobo bade them come tlje nert oap foj tfje reft of tlje bargaine. 
 
 <&& io.daptljejfactojstocnttotbeBafha according to bis appointment, but tljat daptljep 
 could nat fpeake tottlj him,but it toa3 dclittcrcd tljem as from ljim,tljat tbep Qioulo looke and con* 
 Oder tobctljcranptbingtoere due tonto btmo? not, toljicbgricucd tlje jf acco2s:ano tbereupon Sp. 
 Turnebull anftoered,tljat tbeir beads $ all that tljcp Ijad toere at tbe Bafhaes pleafure: "But tljeii 
 it toas angered there toasno fuel) matter in it: but tbat tbep fljould call bp tbeir reckonings, to 
 fee botott ftooo bectoecnetijem. t£lje 2o,oap tbep caft top tbeir reckonings, dje2i,tbcptocnt 
 to b«ue fpoken toitlj t:je Bafha,bttt toere denied audience, 
 
 %ty ii.dttp tbep beard netoes bp a $uu~e tbat came from Aftracan, tljat Arthur Edwards ^J* 6 *"™* 
 (tobom tbe .factors left at Afttacan toitlj t!jc moittc of tbe goods ) toas dead, tobo departed tbis «£ * Aflu " 
 life tbe of 
 
 %\\t 2 j, dap tlje jfactojsreceiuedmoje from tlje Bafha 500. Toatmans of filke, Cbc 4. of ftwdnhr. 
 September netoes toas bjougbt to Deibent, tbat Golding comming from Shamaky toas fee 
 en bp tljeeues (Eurkes) and bad ljurt one of tbem, 
 
 %\)t 5 .Tobias Atkins t^c gunners bop died of tlje flure.tolja toas buried tlje <5,dap unties to 
 tbe Soutbtoaro of tbe Caftle of Derbent,toberc tlje Armenian Cljn'flians do tofuall? burp tbeir 
 Dead. About tbe 20. of September netoes came toDctbent, tbat tbcTSuffetobicb tljepljaa 
 bought of iacobtbeArmtnianasbefojejinas call atoap at Bildih, but tbep receiued noceccaine 
 netoesin touting from anp of our people* 
 
 Ebe^^of&eptembenuasiadinaboop tlje fljip 40. balesof filke. 5Trom tlje 2<5.tilltljC2.of 
 ©ctobcr, tbep tooke into tbe ftjip, b?cad, toater,anootljernecclTarp piouifionfoi tbeir feaflo?e: 
 tlje faid2.dapof©ctober,tlje factors toere commanded upon the fuddaine to auotoe tbeir Ijoufe, 
 ansgettbem tottlj tbeir p?ouifionout of tlje toujtie:21S3ljfccupontbeptoJereconllraineo to renrone 
 andcarrp tljeir things to tijefeafideagainfltljefljip,ano remained tljere all tlje nigbt. Clje caufe 
 of tbis fuddtnauopoing tljem out of tlje toume ( as afterwards tbep pcrceiued ) mas fo? that tbe 
 Bafha bad receiued r.etocs of a fuppUeniitljtreafuretljat tlje Eurkebadfenc, toljicb toas tben 
 neareat band comming totoardljim, 
 
 Cbe 3 • dap f SDctober all things to ere bjougljt from tbe ftjoare aboo^d the ftjip : and t!?at dap 
 tlje jfactojs tocnt to the Baflia to cake their leaue of bim.bnto toljom tljcp recommended tbofe tlje 
 Companies feruants.gfr, tobicb tbep Ijao fent to Bachu, making accompt to leaue them bebtnoe 
 in tlje Countrep: tobo caufco their names to be ton'tten.and pjomifeo tfjep fljoulo toant nothing, 
 no? be inittricd of anp. After this leaue taken , the JFactojs toent aboo?d purpefing pjefentlp to 
 bauefet faiie and dcpartedtotoarDSAftracan, tlje toindefcruingtorllfo? tbat purpofe at South 
 feoutljeaft : Ano as tljep tocrcreadieto fetfatle, tljere came agatnft tlje fljfp aman ,toljo toeucd: 
 toljercupon tbe boatctoas fent a fljoare to him, tobo toas an Armenian fent from William Win- 
 coll, toitb his touting tables , toljerein the faio Wincoll ijad to jitten b?ief!p , tlje miftjap of tlje 
 lofte of tlje Buffe, and tljat tbep toere comming from Bildih totoardesDcrbcnt, tbep, and furl) 
 things as tbep fatted tottlj a fmall boate , fo jceo to put a fljoare in a place bp the fea fide calico 
 tlje 9rmentau billage : GHbcrcupon the Jfactojs caufed tbe fijippc to flap, hoping that toitb ibe JnSmS"* 
 feoutberlp toinoe tbat then bleto s tljcptoouid come from tbe place tbep toere at to the ftjip, but if 
 tbep could not come toitb that toinoe, tbep ment to fatle tottlj tlje ffjtppe, toitlj the nert toino tljst 
 toottld ferae t»jcm,a2amlt tlje place tolje re tljcp toere, $ take tljem in,if tljcp could: tobiclj flap a»D 
 
 $ln j We 
 
4-2<5 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, fflri/iopber^urrougk 
 
 3Ttie STnrlte 
 Mo trtaftirc 
 fcnt to Det- 
 btnt. 
 
 Ofran 
 
 lolTe oftbofe&outljcrlptoindes.toas a caufc of great troubleSjtbattbrp aftertoardesfuftaitted 
 tljjougl)pce,9tc.cntrmgtl)e Volga as fljaibcueclarcn, 
 
 *&be4.daptbetoindeg>outb Sotttljeafi.tjje fljippc rone Dill: 'Sbt'Sdap Cbrilrophef Bur. 
 row tons rent to (bo?e to Derbentto p?ouice fome ncccflaries foj t^cijopagct toitfc btmaTifike 
 t) ttoo, tob«b fboulo goe in tije (ijippe paflengers to Aflracan. and bring on fljoareljc fato tljere 
 tbe comming in of tbe EurRes treafurc , being accompanied tottlj 2 00. foulDiers , and one fym- 
 d jcib pioners, bcfioes Captaines ami (Sentlemen : tlje Baflia toitb bis Captaines and fouldter? 
 berpgallantlp apparelled and furmujed tocnt out from Derbent about uj?fe 0? foure miles, to 
 mcecc tbe faid treafure, and rctciued tbe fame toitlj great iop ano triumph, ©reafuretoas tlje 
 cbiefetbmgtbrp needed, fo? not long before tbe fouldters toere reaote to b?eafteinto tlje Court 
 againtttlje Bafliafojtbcirpap: tljere toasagreat mutmieamonga tlj£m,bccaufebeebaolcng 
 differrcd and not papcd tbem tbetr due, 'Sbe treafurc came in fctien toagons, and toitb it lucre 
 bjcugbttenne pieces of braffe, 
 
 3In tbe parts of Med ia tobere tbf p totrr , tbere teas no commooi'tt'c to be bouobt of anp Dalue, 
 but rain Glfee, neitber toas tbat to be ban but at tbe Bafliaes bancs : tobo ujo?tlp~aftertbeic com* 
 ming tinker tared tbe Countrcp foj tljat commooitie, H?ts Dealing toitb our Sparcljants as it 
 toas net toitb equitie in all points accoutring to IjiSbargatne, foittoasnotertremeill, ©ftbe 
 commodities tbcp carried Ijeetoofee tbe cbieftd part, fo? tobiebbe gaucbuta final! p?ice in re« 
 fpect of tbe balue it teas tljere too ?tb , ano becaufe be ban premised fucb quantitte of cemmoditie 
 foy tljem,tobicb otlj:rtotfe tljep cottlo net batte bad, tbe Countrcp being fo troublefome , ano tra« 
 uaile bp land fo dangerous 3 lje bCco tbem at bis pleafure. 
 
 &lje nctoes tljattoas reported bnto tl;em at Aftracan toucbing tlje toarres bcttocene tlje 
 'Surhcs 9 ipcrGansditTcred litle from tlje crntb : Sto} tbe ^Curfees armie toitb aide of tlje Crims, 
 (being in number bp $ information of tteo Spaniards tbat fcrueu in tbofe toars,about aooooo) 
 itwaocd and conquered tlje Countrepof Media in Anno ijyy.IUbcntbegreacSCurfeetincer' 
 flooo of tbe conqueD.be appointeoOfmanBaiha (tbe fatoBafha.anDnotoCaptatne of Derbent) 
 gouernour of tlje tobole Countrcp , tobo fettled bimfelfe in Shamaky tbe ctjtefe Ct'tte of Media, 
 anoprincipallplace of trafftfce, bnto tobom toas fcnt from tbe great ®urfee,inGpificationof tbe 
 gratefull acceptation ofbisferuice and tbe great conquefl, a ftucrd of great balue, 
 
 Sfter tlie fato Baftia bad brottgljt tbe Countrcp in order to bis l&tng , and places garrifows 
 tobere be tijourjbt conuenient, tlje armie toas oiflblutd ano fent baefce : SHljen tlje UDerfians Mn* 
 DerflooB tbat tbe €urfees armie toas Diflolueb anD rcturnco.tbf p gailjerco a potoer togeiber,ani» 
 toitb tlje flueencof tbeir Counrrepas cljiefe,ibep entreo tlje Countrcp of Media.andouerranne 
 tbe fame toitb fire ann ftooro, deDropingtoljatfoeurr tbep found, as toell people,c8ttell,as toljat s 
 focuer els.tljat migbt be commodious to tbe ^Cutkes.Qlmi after tljepljao fo cucrrunne tlje Coun« 
 trcp, tljcp came to Shamaky, toljcre tbe faid Bafaa lieutenant gencrall of tbe great CurftetoaiJ 
 fettled, ano beGcged it : tobcreupon tbe Baflia feeing bee could not long induce to tott&ffande 
 tljcm, fled tbencc to Derbent toljere be noto remainetlj, 
 
 Dei bent is a DrongCaflletobicbtossbuiltbp Alexander tbe great, tbe GtuattotitobercBfts 
 fucb > tbat tbe pcrfians being toitljcttt 2D?oinance,are not able to toinne it but bp famine, (KLlfcett 
 i%z CuvRes toere fled fromShamaky.tbe petfians entred tlje fame and tpopled it,leautng tbcre* 
 in ncitljcr litting creatureno \ anp commooitic,and fo returned batfee tntoperlla, and fctleo tljem 
 felttes about Tcueris, toljere tbere grttoe fome queDton among tbem fo? tlje feingdome. 3ftet< 
 toards tlje |Derlians bsuing intelltgcnre of an armie from tlje %vx\z comming into Media , ga< 
 tbcrco tbemfelues togetber in a great armie and encountringtbe faid Cutfees, fetbpon tbem on 
 tlje fut>dcn,aiid banquiujed tljem.putting tbem all to tbe ftoo?d . 'Ebis oue«b?oto of tbe 'Eurltes 
 grieutdtbeBafhaofDerbent,and made bimtobauetlje more care fo?ljisotone fafette. fl^ojeo' 
 uer.netocs toas b?cugbtbntobim tbat tbe KtfclBafhaes, (tljatisto fap tlje nobles and <Semle> 
 men of pctfin) toere minoed to fet upon bim , and tljat neere bnto Bachu tbere lap an armp rea* 
 dtctobefiegeit ♦ (KEtbereupon tbe Bafhaoftrntimesitoculortde about tbe Cafllc of Derbent 
 bietoing tlje fame,and tbe filings tfjac did come to it,ana toljere Ije fato anp caufe of reformation, 
 it toas amended. 
 
 Cbelatitude of Detbent (bp dt'uers obferuattons eractlp tljere made; is 41 .deg.y 2.min. €be 
 ijartationof tlje Compafle at tbatplace about 1 1 .degrees from jftojtb to fKefl. if rem Derbent 
 to Bildihtp land 46. leagues. jFrom Derbent to Shamaky bp land, 4 j. leagues. jfromSha- 
 makytoBachuabcutio.ieagues, tobtrbmapbe^o.milcs. fromBachutoBildihfiuet?nre 
 leagues bplano,butbptoater about 12, leagues, jfrom tbe Caflle Derbent CaDtoaros, tbere 
 reacb ttoo Done toals to tlje border of tbe Cafpian fea,tobicb is oittant one Cnglirij mile, 'Kbofe- 
 toalsarcp.footetbict5C,and 28,0? jo.footeljtgb, anotbc fpacebettoeenetbemtsi^G.ojeome' 
 
 trtcall 
 
 DcrUnt 6ui!t 
 bf Alexander 
 tt)t great. 
 
 Cflt IfltitnOe 
 of Derbent 41. 
 Beg 52 mm. 
 
 «rt)tl)flriatioit 
 oftt)e<ffom« 
 
 pafTc, 
 
 ' 
 
Qmftopher'Burrough. Traffiques,&:Diicouenes. 4.27 
 
 tricallpaces, that is 800 foot, 'ftbrre are pet to be pcrcr titco of tie nunc of cljafe uji.iSjtumctj do 
 nolo erteno into tbe fea about balfe a mile : alfo from tlje cattle QltefttoaiD into tbc Iano, tbtp Dio 
 perceiue the mints of a Cone Wall to erteno,tofcielj toil, as it is rcpa jteo,Dio parti from thence to 
 Pontus Euxinus,ano uias bcult bp Alexander tljc great toben tbc faille Dctbent xoas mace. 
 
 ^tfjf y of October about noone tbe toinoe .ifra?tbno?tbcafttbcp toapio autre, ano fet f.nle from 
 Dabcnc, bctng alcucjH tbe coatt to tbe ■feoutbtoaros to ft eke tbeir men:but as tbcp bao faiho a- 
 bout foure leagues tlje toinoe fc'anteo €atterip,fo tbat tljcp toere fyceo to ancrc in tljjee fathom 
 toarer, 
 
 <£be <5oap tbep toapeDantre, ano bare further off into tbc fea, tobere tbfp ancreo in fetten fa» 
 tt;om mater, tljefljip being oerpleake, anofo rotten abaft tbemaine matt, cljfltamantoicljbis 
 nailes might fcrapetbojotobcr ftt>e, 
 
 %\)t 7 cap about 7 of tbc cloche in tbe moaning, tbep fet faile, tbe toinoe ^otttbtoeft, €btp 
 confiDereo tbe time of the prrc mas far fpent, tbe ftjip toeake.leahe ano rotten, ano therefore oe^ 
 terminimgnot to tarp anp longer foj Wincoll ano bis fellotoes, but to leaue tbem Icljinoe, bene 
 tbemfelues oirecclptotoaroa Aftracan : ano failing jfrojitbnojtbeafllmiiU mumigbt about 1 6 
 leagtte&tbe toinoe then came to tlje U2ojtbno?tbtoeft,anD bleto muclj,a bcrp Cojme,tobtcb cattfeo 
 tbcmtotakemaUtbcirfailes,fauiugtljefo?ecojfe,toitbtobicbtbtptoerefoKeotofleercbefoje 
 tbcfea, South bp&Bett, ano Soutbfoutbtoett. Sluo on the Soap about ttoo of tbe clocke intlje 
 morning their great boat fttnke at tbefljips ttcrne, toljicfj tbep toerefo jceo to cut from ti;e ftjip to 
 tbeir great grtefe ano Oifcomfo }t : foj in tjer tljcp bopco to fatte their Itues if tbe fl)ip fljoulo bate 
 mifcaricD, about iooftbe clocke befojenoone tljcp bao fight oftljelanD about 5 leagues to tlje 
 feotttlj of Dcrbent,ano bare longtt tbe coatt to tbc SoutljeafltoarDs untoNezauoo, latere tljip n««oo. 
 came at ancre iittljjce fatljoms, ano blacke o^e,gooo ancrc Ijoloctobcrcof tbep toere glao, as alfo 
 that tlje tuinoetoas fijifecoto tijetflojibtoett, ano but a mesne gale. Wincoll ano the rcttof bis 
 fellotoes being intl;e Armenian oillage , tobicb is about 18 uertts to the ffiLteGtoaros of Neza- 
 uoo, tlje place tobercagaintt tbcp rooe at ancrcfato tlje ftjip as (be paffeo bp tbat place,ano fent a 
 man in tbe nigljtfollotoingaloncjff the coatt after her , tofco came againfl tlje fljtp tobere (be rooe, 
 ano toitlj a firetyano in tlje top of a tree maoe figne?, toljicbtoasperceiueo bp tbemin tbe ftjtppe, 
 toljeceupon tljepljoifeo out tbeir f kiffe,am> fent Ijer aftjo je to Iearne u. Ijsttoas meant ip tbefire : 
 toljicb returnee a letter from Wincoll, toljcrein be to jote tljat tbep teere toitlj fuclj gooos as tbep , 
 Ijao at tbe Armenian tillage, ano pjapeo that there tbcp might toitb the fame gooos be taken into 
 tljefljips. iEbe 9 oapittoaslitletoinoe, tbeptoapeo ano bare a little further offinto tljeftato-r 
 toarosthef«io i)illage,nno ancreo, %ty 1 o oap rrjepfent tljetc ffeiffc to tfjc Armenian tillage to 
 fetch tbofe men ana tbc gooos tbepbao, toith o?oenhat if tlje toinoefcrueo, that tbep coulo noc 
 returnecof etch tlje ttrip.tljep of the (hip p^omifeo to comefoj tl;em,agai'ntt tlje faio Dillage.^bis 
 tap it to as calme. 
 
 ^Dlje u oapthetoinoej^ojthtoett tbep rooe Cill, Wqz 12 Dap the toinoe ^otttljeatt tlj'P 
 toapeo ancre,^ bare againtt jnere to the Armenian tillage tobeue thf p anci eo, ano tbeu tbc fkiffe 
 came aboo^o ano toloe tbem tljat our people at fijo?e toeceliketobefpoilcooftheTartars.tocre 
 it not tljat tbe gunners Dcfenoeotbem : then toas the fkiffe fent backeagaitie to charge them ac 
 anp hano tbep fljoulo batten a'joojo the ujiptoljatfoeuer it coB tbem, Siaijettupen, all tlje compa^ 
 np came auco jo tbe fame Dap fauing Richard Relfe ano ttoo IRuffcs , but affoone as the fkiffe toast 
 returnco aboojo tlje ftjip, the toinoe bleto at (§)otitbeatt, ano tbe featoas grotoen, fo as tljcp tocre 
 foKeo to take in tbeir fkiffe into tlje ujip.ano rooeCil till the 1 ? oap.ano then being fatretocatljtr, 
 earlp in tbe moaning tbe fkiffe toas hoiieD out of tbe ftjip, ano fent to fljoje to fetch tbe fato Rclt c 
 ano the ttoo Stifles, tobicb toere reaop at tlje fljo?e fioe, ano toitb tljem ttoo ^paniaros that toere f^£& j*™t 
 taken captiues at tlje Goletta in Barbary,toljicb ferueo the ^utke as fouloiers. Ebofe ■Spant^ b? out €iib* 
 aros (of <£ljjtttian cljan'tp) tbep brought alfo aboojo tlje fljtp to rcoeeme tljcm from tbeir captiui* "* '""'• 
 tp, tobicb toere bioughtouer into England, ano fet free ano at libertp here in London, m<g)cp' 
 tembcr 1 581. %\)t toinoe this Dap at i3o?tbnojtbeatt, fairetoeather. 'Cbe i4Daptljep fenttbe 
 fkiffe to (Ijo^canofilleofretbtoater. %\# 1 j Dap tbep rooe flill, being IttletoiiiDe ano fog. ^Ilje 
 
 1 6 oap tlje totuDe Caflfoutljeatt , tljcptoapeo ancre ano fet faile, bearing i$o jtljtoaros totoaros 
 Aftracan, anotlje fame night tbep ancreo in ten fathoms toater, about fiue miles from the ujoje of 
 fbe§)balkattlescottntrep , toljicb place is eight leagues jQojtbnojtbtoett from Derbenr, 'She 
 
 17 oap the toinoe at jf3o?>il)Ucrp tto?mp,tljcp rooe ttill all that oap ano nt'gbt. 'E.lje 1 8 tlje toinoe 
 all §)outbeattabotit one of tlje cloche afternoone, tbep toapto ancre,ano faileo tljcncc till foure of 
 tlje clocke j^o?tbno?theatt fire leagues , then tbcp might fee tlic lano ^ojtbtoeft about tennc 
 leagues from tlje toinoe ^outbeaft : from tljence tbep faileo til mionigbt J9o?thno?thcafl ttoelue 
 leagues, from thence till the 19 Dap fettcn a clocke iutljc moving tijep faileo |2o}tl;uojtbeaft 
 
 tight 
 
 ill 
 
428 
 
 » flr-ingc accf 
 bcncof vioiua 
 fioit foi t&cir 
 iclitfe. 
 
 j^oucmtitr. 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Qhrijlopher c Bur rough . 
 
 eight leagues : tlje toinDe tfectt Caflfoutljcatt, a faire gale,tbcp fommeD aim baa 1 7 fatijoms.anD 
 fiino^being (as tlje spatter iuagcD) about the ^cao of Shetly : from thence till 1 2 of tbe clocke at 
 noone tbep faileD jQo?tb 5 leagues,tbe toinDe then at Caff a faire gale,tbep fourmcu aim fcao 5 fa* 
 tboms. Jf rom t^etice till 8 of the clocke at night, tbep failed Jftojtb 7 leagues:, the toinDe then at 
 jftojtbcatt tutilj final! raine , tbep tooke in tbeir Cailc© , aim ancreo in 3 fatljoms toater aim foft 
 o=;e, toijere tljep rone Ctll all night, ano tbe 20 Dap ano night the toinDe ^ojebeaff, ag befoje toitb 
 fmall raine. 
 
 %\)t a 1 Dap the torimejftojtbtoeff, rtjepliketoife robeffiH. %\)t 22 Dap about 3 of tljeclocke 
 m tlje aftc woorie.tljep toapeo ancre.cfce toinDe Mlett no ?tljtoett,ane faileo from tbence till fire of 
 tlje cloche at nigbt jftojth 4 leagues.tbeu tbep ancreD in 2 fathoms atm a balfe fbft oje^tlje toinDe 
 acSEHeffafmallbjeatb. 
 
 ^be 23 nap about 7 of tljeclocke in tlje morning, tbeptoapcDancre, anDfetfaile, bctnglitle 
 toumeCatterlp, ana faileD till 2 of the clocke after noonejfrojtbtoett into tthtbelboie about Ore 
 leagues, ane tljcn ancreo in 6 foot loatec, Ijauingperfcct figljt of tbe loto laim (fanD billes) being 
 about 3 miles from tbe nereffiano. ^bigplaceoftbelaimtbattbep toere againfl.tijeppfrcciueD 
 to be to the aneCtoarns of tlje 4 aflatms (calieD in tbe HUitTe tongue Chctera Bougori) wd tbep 
 fouim it aftcrtoarosbp Due pioofc, to be about 50 berfts, 0? 3 o Cngliftj miles to tljc&outbtoeft, 
 
 0}'3)OUtljiBeflbp&Olltb J from thefapD Chctera Bougori. 
 
 3lbe 24 Dap tbe toinae at Caff, anobp$S>oucb, a s§>ea toinDe calleDGillauar, caufeDtbcmto 
 rtDcftill. %%t 25 Dap tbeptbottgbtgooD to fenD in tbeir fkiffe Robert Golding, anDcertaine 
 Ktiffes, to roto btm alongtt jflojtbtoatDS bp tlje ftjo?e, to feeke tlje foure UfianDa , anD fo to pa0e 
 bntotije Vchooge, aim there to lanD tlje fapD Robert Golding to p?OCCeD to Afiracan,tO Dclitter 
 
 Amos Riall a letter , toljerein be toas requireo to p?ouioe Pauofes to meet the ftjippe at tlje fapa 
 3IflanDs,aim tlje fkiffe toitlj tlje Suites toere appointeo to rcturne from tlje Vchooge brith bictu= 
 als to tlje ujtppe.toljicb Cfttfife DeparteD from tlje ftjippe about nine of tbe cfocfce in thefojenoone, 
 %^t 26,27,28,ana 29 Dapes,tlje totnoes Catlerlp anD .jftojtbcafl, tljep rooe (till toitlj tbeir ftjip. 
 ■2Dbe 3 o oap the toinDe si&outbeaa, tbep toapeo, ano fet faile to tlje jftoitljeafftoarDS : but tbe fljip 
 fell fo on tlje fioe to tlje ftjojetoarDS, that tbep toere fo jreo cftfooncs to take in tbeir faile, ano an« 
 ere againe, from tobence tbep neuer remoueo ber. Chat Dap tbep ftjareD tljeir bjeaD : butin tbeir 
 toant ©od fent tljem ttoo couies of partrioges, that came from the ftjo ?e,ano light CD in anD about 
 their (hips, toljercbp tljep toere comfo jteD,ano one that lap u*cke,of toljofe life toas fmall bope,re« 
 rouercD bis health, 
 
 ■Cb^ofi^ouembcrtlje fkiffe returneD to tbe fyip toitb fame birtuals, anD certifieD that tbe 
 foure 3iilancs toere akout ooberfls from tbem to the j3o?tljeafftoarDS. JSlben Robert Golding 
 came to AHracan,anDD:ltuereDtljeretbcjTacto?s letters to Amos Rial,tljeDuke,raptfiine of that 
 pl.ice,toas Done to bnocrff ano of the ftjips arriuall,$ of tbe ffate tbep toere in.anD tbeir reqttett fo? 
 Pauofes, toljo toas berp glaD to beare of tljeir fafe returne, anD appotnteb to be fent toitb all fpeeD 
 ttoo Pauofes ano a Stroog , toitlj gunners togaroaim to Defeno tljem. tQitb tljetohicbStroog 
 anD Pauores.Amos Rialltocnt ootone to tljeCheteta Bougori,o? 4 3CianDs afojefapD.tobercbe 
 Capeo toitlj tljofe barks , accoming to the jfactois appointment, ^Ije 5 Dap tljep purpofeD to 
 fenD from tlje fljip tbeir fkiffe toitb the carpentcr,ano 4 Huffes to roto Ijim to the 4 Bougories, 
 to rcqueff Amos Riall to come from tbence toitb the Pauofes to tlje ftjippe toitb alipolfible fjjeeo* 
 <s;be fkiffe toitb thofemenDepartcDfrom tlje ftjipin tbemo?ntng,anD toitbttjonebourctljcpmee 
 toitlj a fmall boat toitlj Ettffes.rotoingtotoarDsthe ujip^hiclj came from tlje Ouchooge toitlj a 
 toiloe ftoine ano other bictuals to fell t toitb the fame beat the fkiffe rcturneobacke to the ftjsp af* 
 tcr the Ruffes bao rcceiueo ano toere fatiffieD fo? tbebictuals tljep b?ougbt : tbe fame cap thep re^ 
 tumcD toitb tbeir boat backe totoaro tbe Ouchooge, ana toitb them in tlje fame boat toasfent the 
 Carpenter of tbe ujtppe to tlje Chetera Bougori, tohicb toere in tbeir toap.to Declare bnto Amos 
 Riall tlje meffage before appointeD btm, f rom tbe 5 bntill the 9 Dap tlje fljip rooe ffill toitlj con« 
 trarp totnos Catlerlp. %\)t fame 9 Dap came to tlje ftjippe certainc IRtiffes in a fmall boat, toljicb 
 bmugbt toitlj them fomebtctuals fent bp Amos Riall, aim neclareD tljat be toitb tlje Pauofes ano 
 Stroog IjaD remaineD at tlje Chetera Bougori BueDapess, erpecting the comming thither of the 
 fljip. "Che 1 o oap being Dtiubtfull of tlje Pauofes comming , tbep fent Thomas Hudfon Spatter 
 of the ftjtp in tbe fkiffe (aim toitb her tocnt tbe fbjefapo fkiffe boat) totoaros tbe Chetera Bougori 
 to tlje Pauofes to bring toom tobetber tbep toouln come to tbe fijip 0? not,tlje toino tljeit at j9o?tb* 
 caa toitb fo?ge. %\)t, n Dap tlje toinocjf5o?tberlp toitlj foggc, the Qjlp rooe Gill, djei2uap 
 Amos Riall,ChriftopheiFawcet,anD a neto gunner came to the ftjip.anD toitb them tlje £j9»Tho- 
 mas Hudfon returneD'; but the Stroog toitb tlje pnners remaineD at tbe Chetera Bougori ; ano 
 from the nee (toben it began tofreefe) returneD to Aftracan, Amos Riall DeclareD that be Cent tlje 
 
 carpenter 
 
rkr&opber Burrough. TraffiqueSj^c Difcoueries. 429 
 
 carpenter backc from the Chetera Boogori in a fmallboat on the i o Dap, ano marueilcD that be 
 toas not come to tlje fljippe (but in the fogge the Dap befeje as aftertoaros tbep learneD)m'.lfeDtlje 
 ujppe,anD oucrujot ber, ano aftcrtoarDs returmngbacke , Ije founo tl;c fljip at ancrc.ano nothing 
 tni3ecbutt^e1&ufftstbattticr£lefttofeEepcrj£r J anDtbenrjCDepartcDtljtnce > anDtoentcotl]eV- 
 choce, ano there tfapeo. IP jeftntlp bpon the commtng of tlje Ipauofcs to the fbtp tljep bfetj as 
 mucljtpeeDasmigbtbe, tagcttbegooDsoutoftljefijippeintotbcm, ano after tlje gooostoere 
 laoen in , tljep tooke in alfo oftfje fljippes opinance , furniture ano pjouiGcn , a? mucb a$ tbcp 
 
 coulo, 
 €.be 13 bap in tlje mowing Amos Rialltoas fcntatoapinafmallboatcotoarcsAftracan, co 3«Hi«ij of 
 
 pjoutUE bictuals ano cartages to rclteue ano Ijelpe tljenijtoho coulo paffe no further then tlje foure wmmttTa 
 
 ^llanos, but toas there ouertaken toitb pee, ano fojccD to leate bis boat, ano from tljenre paffeo w r '«« ot 
 
 pofte to Aftracan , gnoing at the Vchooge the Carpenter returneo from his ill iournep, toerp ill ° ga ° 
 
 bannleD wiib the crtremitp of the coloe, Che fame Dap the p DeparteD alfo in tbofe lighters toitb 
 
 tlje gooos totoaros the Checera Bougori, leauing the (bip at ancrcauo in Ijcr ttoo Eufles,tobicrj 
 
 toitlj tbjee mo?etbac toent in tlje Pauofes,to pjouioe bictuals foj tljemfelttcs ano the reftrjtbere' 
 
 toitb pwmifco to returne backc to tlje ftjip toitlj all fpeeD,bao otTerco to bnoertake fo? ttocntp rub* 
 
 bles in monep to carp tlje fijtp into fome Ijarbo wto,toljere flje might faftlp totnter, 0} els to keepe 
 
 her tobere (be roce all tuinter , toljicbtoas pjonufeoto be giuentbemtf tbep Dio it t ano tlje fame 
 
 Daptoljintoithtboie lighters thepljaD gotten fight of the foure jHanos being about cigljtberfis 
 
 g>outljtoett from them, tlje totnoc then at j3o jtbealt, did f reefe the fea fo as tljcp coulo not roto, 
 
 guioe,ttirre o j rcmouc tlje faiD ligbters.but as tlje totnoc ano pec did fojee tbem» 9no fo tljep com 
 
 ttnueo Dmung toitb the pee, &outljeatt into tbe fea bp the fpaceof fbjtp Ijoures , anD then being 
 
 the li.rtcctulj Dap tbe pee (Iood. Mlhiles thep Djoue toitb tlje pce,the Dangers tobicb tbcp mcurren ^ e j 6 tiap. 
 
 toeregreat: fojtoftentimestohentljepcetoitbtljefojceofiiJinDeanDfeaDtDb^eake, piecesofit 
 
 toere totfro anoDjiuen one bpon another tomb great fo ?ce,terrible to bcholoe 3 anD tlje fame &ap pe-= 
 
 nc d at fometimes fo neere bnta the lighters, that thep crpcctco tt tooulo Ijaue ouertobelmeo t'facm 
 
 to their utter Dcffructton : but<SoD tobo haopjcferuco them frommanp perils befoje, did alfo 
 
 faue ano Deliucr tljcm tbcn» 
 
 SOttbtu tb?eeo?fcureoapes after tbe firttlTanDtngoftbepce, tohentttoasfirmeantiuTong, 
 fijep tooke out all their gooos, being fourtp ano eight baleso } parties of rate Clke, $c. lapoe it on 
 the ^ct , ano couereo tljefamc mith fuch p^ouiCons as tljep baD, Chen fo? toant of bictuals, $c« 
 tljep agreeD to leaue all the gooos tljere bpon the pee, ano to go to tlje fi;oj,e : ano thereupon bjafce 
 bptbeirlbclls anoCorobias, tubereuiitlj , ano toitb fitch other things as tljep coulo get , tljep -arraoaiteiijgi. 
 maDeflcCDcsfo?eucrp of them to D^aui bpon tlje pee, tohtreon tljcp lapeo their clothes to feecpe ontiif£ '"• 
 tljemtoarme, ano fttclj bictuals as tljep bao, anD fucb other things as thep might conucmcntlp ca^ 
 rp, ano fo tljep ocparteD from tljefapDgooDS anD Pauofcs berpearelp about one of theclocke in 
 the mo wing, ano trauailing on the pee, Directed tljeir iuap i?2o jth, as neere as thep couId iuoge, 
 ano tlje fame Dap about ttoo of the clocftc in the afternoone , thep haD fight ofthe Checera Babbas ch «« aEabbafc 
 (foure hillocks of 3iflam>s fo calleo) bnto tlje fame tbep DirccteD tbcmfclues, ano tljere rcmainco 
 thatnigljt, 
 
 3Lbe gooos ano Pauofestoljiclj tljep left on ujepee tljep iusgcD to be from t&ofc CbeteraBab- 
 basabout2oberfls. 
 
 9no the nett mowing DeparteD tljenceCafttoarDs, ano came to tlje Chetera Bougories (oj 
 foure aflanDSbefojefpokcn of) before noone (theoiflance bcttoecne tbofe places is about iy 
 beras)U)ljere thep remaineft all tljatmgljt, Departing tljcncetotoaros Aftracan : tbencrtmo?^ 
 ning Dcrp earlp thep lofl tljeir toap though tlje perftoaCon of the Kufles tobicb tuere toith them, 
 taking tco muclj tomaros the left IjanD (contrarp to theopinion of (p; Hudfon) tohercbptoanDe* 
 ring bpon the pee foure oj fiue Dapeg , not fenototng tohether thep lucre entreo into tlje Crimme 
 Tartars lanD o? not, at length it fo?ttmeo tljep met lnith a toap that haD bene trauaileo, tohich croU 
 hacktoarDStotoaros the fea : tbat toap thep tooke, ano follotoing thefame, toithtn ttoo Dapes tra-- 
 uatle it bjougljt tljem to a place calico the Crafnoyarc (that is to fap in the Cngliu) tongue) Red 
 cliffe.tohtclj Diuers ofthe companp kneto, 
 
 Cbere trjepremsineD that night, hauing nothing to eat but one loafe of bjeao, tobiclj thepljap* 
 peneo to finoe toitlj the ttoo EuCfes that toerc left in the fljip to feecpe her all tlje £23inter (as is a= 
 fojefato) toljom tljep chanceo to meet going totoaros Aibacan,about fiue miles befoje thep came 
 totljefapDCrafnoyare, toho certifieo tljem tljattljelbiptoas cut in pieces toiththepce, anDthat T" ^ n s''^ 
 tljep Ijaobarofcaping toitlj tljeir liues. . twiuuVptt, 
 
 3nthemommgtljcp DeparteD earlp from Crafnoyare totoaros the Ouchooge , ano about 9 
 oftbe clockebefoje noone, being toitbiu ioberSsof the Vchoogc, t&epmct Amos Riall, tcitlj 
 
 the 
 
•SIfirfr mtititc 
 
 teAftraan. 
 
 _4^o The Englifti Voyages, CbriJlopherlBur rough. 
 
 t\y: carpenter, Which Ijctouna at Ouchooge, aitf a riunneniewlpccmccut of England, ana alto 
 65 ho jfrs With fo manp Caffacks to guiDe them, ano 50 gunners fo? garo, Which bjcug'ht p?oui= 
 fion of victuals, $c. ana Were Cent bp the Duke to fetch the gooos to Aftracan. ^bc meeting of 
 tb.,t c:mpar.p was much top bntothenu 
 
 She jFactojs fent baefce With Amos Riall ano the fa;.D compmip to fetch tlje gcoos , Thomas 
 Hudibn the 39a!tcr,Tobias Parishes 39ate,ano fb tljcp thefapo if accojg ano tljcir companp mar* 
 cIjcd onto the Vchooge,wijerc theprcfrefbeD themfelucs that aap,ana the night following. 9na 
 Hscccmbcc. from thence pjocreacD on towarcs Aftracan , Where tljcp arruico the Ina cap of iftoucrabcr. 
 Sbcfc tljat Went fo? the gcoas after their Departure from tlje #acto?s trauaileD tfce fame Dap im-- 
 filltl;ep came Within iobertts ofthe CheteraBabbas, Where thep relica that night. Shenerc 
 mooting bp the bjcake of the Dap tljcp Bepartea thence,ana before ncone Were at the Chct era Ba- 
 bas, where thep tfapca all night ; but p jcfcntlp DcparteD thence Thomas Hudtbn with the Car* 
 jjenter ano gunner to fcekc Where the gooBs lap : who foana the fame.ana the ncrt Dap thep retur- 
 ntD backe to their companp at tije Chetera Babbas^anD Dcclarca bnto tljcm in what fo jt tbephaa 
 fouriatbcfapBgooas,. 
 
 She 3 Dap earlp in the mojniug thep DcHartea all from the 4 Babbas toWaras the fata gocas, 
 ana tl;c fame oap did laDe all the gooDs thep coulD finD upon the Ca.D fleas, ano With ail conucnicne 
 fpecDccturncDbacketoWarDS Aftracan. 3nO when tljcp came to thcChcceraBougori, W'jcre 
 thep rcGeD the night, mthemojningbcrp earlp befojethebjcakcofDap, thep wcreaiTaultcabp 
 a great companp of the Nagays Tartars hojfemcn, which came ujoWting ano hallowing With 3 
 great notfe, but our people lucre fo inuironra With tlje flcos, that thep Burti not enter bpon tljem, 
 but rape bp, ano (bat their arroWes amongtl them, anD ljurt but one man in tlje hcaa, mho tn a? a 
 ftuffe, ana fb Departeayjelcntlp. $ec When it Was Dap, tljrp ujcwca thcmtelucs a gooo Dttrance 
 offfrom our stien,femg a bcrp great crotme of tbcm,but did not atTault them anp mo je. She fame 
 Dap our men with thofe cartages,ccparteD from thence towaros Aftracan,whcre tljcp arrtucB m 
 fafctp tlje 4 of Decembcr,about 3 of the ciocke in tlje afterooonc,Wbcrc our people grtatlp reiop= 
 ccd of tljcir great gcoa happe to bane efcapeD fo mairp haro cuents,troubles ano mtferies, aa the? 
 DtD in that bopagf , ano hsa great cattfe therefore to p jaife tlje 3lmigbtp , mho IjaD fo mercifullp 
 pjeferueD ano oclutercD tljcrn, Eljep rematneathe Mtnter at Altracan, toljere tljcp founD great 
 fauattr ana fncttDfljip of the Dufee,captaine,anD other chtefe officers: of that place : but that <H2in* 
 tcr t!jere IjappencD no great matter tuc?th the noting. 
 
 an rhc fpnng of tlje peere 1 5 8 1 , about tlje mios of £^arcrj, tljepce Iras bjoften bp, ano cleare 
 gone before Aftracan •, ana the ninth of 3p?ill, hautng all the gooas that were rcturnea from the 
 parts OiMedia, laDen into a Stroog, the JTactO^S, William Turnebull, Matthew Tailebcyes, 
 Giles Crow,Chrittopher Burrough ,Michael Lane, Laurence Proufe gunner.Randolfe Foxe, 
 Tho.HudlbnjTobiasParriSjMcrganHubblethornetheDtcrjRich.thefurgcan.Rob.Golding, 
 
 Iob.Smith.Ed w.Reding carpentcr.ana William Perrin guntier,hauingalfo 40 Kuffes, tuhereof 
 3 6 mere Caflacks to rott), the rert merchants paffengcrs, DcparteD from Aftracan tottlj tljcfapo 
 Scroog anD gOODS bp the Volga totoarDS Yeraflaue. "Stljep left beljinDC them at Aftracan, toitfj 
 tbcCngliflj gooDs^mercljanDife tljcre remaining, Amos Riall, W.Wincoll,ano Richard Relfc, 
 ano appotntea them to fell $ barter tlje fame,o? fo much tlje reof as the? cotila to tlje Tifiks,tf tljcrt 
 came anp thither that fpjing,anD to others as thep might.? the reff battlj fuch as thep ujoula take 
 in erehange to returnc bp to Yeraflaue that s§>ummcr,u hen the (Emperojs carriage ujoula pafle 
 ip the Volga, tlbe 2 1 Dap thep came With their Stroog to tlje Pcrauolok , butmabe nofiap at 
 that place : foj thep Ijaa bcene much troublcD toith pee in their commiugfrom Altracan. lElie 3 
 <gap. of t^ap about noonc thep came to Oueak, ano from thence piocetDtngbp tlje riucr, on tlje 17 Dap 
 
 William Turnebull DcparteD from the Stroog in a fmall boat,ano tocnt befoje toluatas Tecufha 
 to pjouioe bictuals , ana fena Dolune to the Stroog , from Which place thep Were then about 1 ; o 
 w:rfis. '2tlje23 Dap thep met a boat With b:ctuals 3 Wbich William Turnebull fent from Tetulha, 
 ana the fame oap thep arrtuca With their Stroog at Teruiha, where tljep Capea aUmgbt,anDtl}e 
 nctt morning betimesacpartea thence, butW.Tumcbull wasgoticinthcfmaHboatbefo?eto 
 Cazan,tou?ouiDencceflartes from thence, ana to make wapfo? tljcir Difpatcb* 'She 2 6 cap thep 
 arrittea With their Stroog at Cazan, Where thep rematnea till tbefourtb of June : thetfactojs 
 fentGiles Crowfrom Cazan to the Mo fco, with their letters the 3oof^ap» , Elje4Dapof 
 3tmcthep aepartea from Cazan with their Stroog, anD arriueDat Yeraflaue the zi Dapabcut 5 
 ofthe clacke in the mojning. 
 
 She 2 ? Dap thep pjouioca Telegos , to carrp the gooas to Vologda. She 24 Dap hatting the 
 gooos laaenbpen felegos , thep DcparteD witl) the fame toWaros Vologda, anD remntneo there 
 fine betfiS from Yeraflaue, 
 
 She 
 
 3T?tc bicaliiitg 
 t)poftt)«pcc. 
 
 Morgan Hubblc- 
 tfaornc Birr lent 
 UltoPeilia. 
 
Qhrittopber'Burrougb. TrafFiques,&Diicouenes. 4.31 
 
 Che 29 oap tbep came to Vologda, tuith all their gooes m fafetp,- ano poo o^ocr. £ije fame 
 so, William Turnbull ant) Peter Garrard ceparteo from Vologda poll bp toatcr totuarDs Col- 
 mogro, thethiroofaulp, hmiingtheirgoooslaoenina fmalloothnm, tbep oeparteo tuith the 
 fame from Vologda totoarojf Role 31tIano bp S.Nicholas, luberc tljep arriucb in fafcc^tlje i cS 
 ofjulp, ane founo t^erc tl;c Qgcnce of Ruffia, anointherooethcfljipsfcntoutofiJcnglano, al= 
 jiiofflabenreaoptooepart. 
 
 Che 2 5 eap oeparteo foj Cmglano (out of the rcoe of S.Nicholas) tlje Ojip Elizabeth. 
 
 %\)Z 26" Dap DCpatteD tbmcethe Thomas Allen aitD Mary Sufan , anDinthe Thomas Allen 
 toent William Turnbul,MatchewTailboys,ThomasHudibn,ano others, CljegootisrctutnrD 
 of the Perfiabopage tocre laoeninto the (hip, William aim lohn, tuhcrcof teas jailer, William 
 
 Bigar,anD m her ttith the fame gOOBS came Peter Garrard anD Tobias Parris. 
 
 Cfje 1 1 of 3ugu(f, trje fame fl»p bemglaoen ano oifpatcbco Dcpartco from the rone of S. Ni- 
 cholas, ano toitb her in company another of the companies fratghteD liips , calleo ttjc Tomafin, 
 tohereofmasSp, Chrirtophet Hall. 3in tljctr returiiebometoarDB tbcphaofomefoulc toeather, 
 ano niere fepacaceB at the tea , the William ano lohn put into Newcaftle the 24 of September : 
 from Whence thcfapB Peter Garrard anD Tobias Parris cametoLoilDonbpIanO, aim bjOUght 
 nettes of the arriual! of the (I;ip. 
 
 %\)t 2 5 of September both the fapo fljt'pg arriiteti at the poit of ionton in fafetp,ano an&creo 
 iefojeLimehoufeano Wapping,U)!)erctl;cp tDercoifchargeD, 1 581. 
 
 Obferuations of the latitudes and meridian altitudes of diuers 
 places in Ruflia, from the North to the South ;<^Anno 158L 
 
 raperiuian altttttseobferucD at Michael tlje Archaiigel,42,t!C£rccg 1 30. 
 Michael Archangel. -^ liu'nuts. 
 
 L %\% true latituoe, e^.ocgrccg, 54,minuttf, 
 
 The Englifli houfe J Che Cnglilh rjOttfe in Colmogro,tn latituoe, cT4.l1.2y .m. 
 io Colmogro. 
 
 Recola, 
 
 Yeegris, 
 Towlma. 
 
 1 Cb^merioianaltituoe there obfrrueD, the 2pof gulp, 42,0, i5.m. 
 
 J C^etitiian altttuuethe 3 o of 3Iulp,4 1 .n^o.nu 
 1 Declination, \ 6\B,6.m. 
 
 f Sperinian, 4 ofauguff,4i.ti.yo,m. 
 \ Declination j5oitherlp, i4,o,4P,m, 
 
 J SperitianaltituBe.tfje 15 of 3ugu{f,4o,D,45.m. 
 I Declination jftojtbetlp, 1 i,o,2,m, 
 
 J 9l9criDianaItittroe,tl)e 200faugt1flj40.il, 
 1 Declination jSojtherlp, 9,0, 1 7.m. 
 
 J ^erioianalticttue, ai of 3ugutt, 3pjuj6\m, 
 I Declination, $Jk$Gjtn* 
 
 D»2o,m, 
 
 Vologda. 
 
 Vologda, 
 Ycreflaue. 
 Swyoskagorod^ 
 
 >62,B.jp.m. 
 >6"o,B,i7 < m, 
 >59,o.i7,m, 
 |j?.o. 
 
 2o,nu 
 
 I Latituoebp gefle, 57,o,5o,m. 
 
 J Speriuian altituoe, 2 1 September, 3 1 .5, 
 I Declination, 2,0, 5 6,m, 
 
 >y6\B,4,m« 
 
 Oueek. 
 Aftracan. 
 
 Aftracan, 
 
 J S^erioiaiialti'tuDe, s.©ctober,30.o.i2,m. 
 I Declination, 8,5,1 8,m, 
 
 J Aftracan merioianaltttuoe, 22,©crober, 2p,o,3c5,m» 
 I Declination, i4,o.i<5.m. 
 
 J gperloianaltituoe, 1 of iftouember, 26,0,3 y,m, 
 \ Declination, 1 7,0,1 6,nn 
 
 ^yj.O.51.1 
 
 >5 1,0*3 o,tn» 
 
 }^ 
 
 ^46. 
 
 Certaine 
 
 :,0,22.m. 
 
 5,o,io,m. 
 
 .o,p,m<i 
 
 
44* 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Ai.^RkhardHatyuit. 
 
 Certaine dire&ions giuen by M. Richard Hachiult of theM(U/lr. 
 Temple ,to M. 2\/^<J» HubbUtborne, Dicr, fcnt into /Vr/foj 1 57^, 
 
 1 T72D? tbat England bat!j the beJttooolgt clotlj of tlje too?lD,ann fo? tljat tlje clothesoftfce 
 J? realme hauc nogooo bent,if gooo oping lie not aooce : tberfoje it ismucb to be toifijeB, 
 
 that tlje oping of fojren ccuntrepes toerefeene , to tbe eno that tbe arte of oping map be brought 
 into tbe lttcalmc in greatett ercellencp : fo? thereof toill folloto troncur to tbcftealmc , ano great 
 anoempleiKnt of our clothes: annof the to^it of clothes, toillfoltototbcfcttingofcurpoojeon 
 toojke, in all oegrers of labour in clotbingano oping : fojtohicbtaufemottpu'ucipaHppouare 
 fent otter at tbe cbarge of tlje citp : arm tberfojefo ? tlje fatiffping tbe lo?DS,aitD of tbe erpectation 
 of clje merchants ano of pour companp , it betjoowejs pou to haue care to returne borne totthmoje 
 knotolcngc then pou carieo out, 
 
 2 'fcbe great Dearth ofclotbea isagreat letin the ample bent of clothes, ano tbepu'eeofa 
 clotb, foj a fifth, finb anDfeiKnth part rifctbbp tbe colour ano oping : ano therefore to ocuife to 
 Die as gooo colours toith tlje one balfe of tbe pjefent puce mere to the great commoDitpof the 
 3£ealme , bp faufng of great treafurc in time to come, 3no therefore pou muff baue great care to 
 feaue knotoleoge of tbe materials of all tlje countreps tbat pou (ball paffe tbojoto, tbat map be n» 
 fee in oping,be crjep fjearbs, torcBS,bflrks, gummes^artljSjO? torjat els fattier, 
 
 3 3in Perfia pou (ball finoe carpets of cottcfe tb?ummeo toooll, tbebefl of the toojlo, ano er« 
 celltntlp coloureD : thofecities % totones poumuli repaire to, ano pou mtifl bfe meanes to learne 
 all tbe oj net of tlje opingof tljofe tb?umme6,tohicb are fo oieo as neither raine,toine,no j ^tt Mine* 
 get canGaine : ano if pou mapattatne to tbat cunning, pou (boll not neeo to feare sping of clotb t 
 jf oj if tbe colour boloeitvparne ano thjummc, it toill holDe mticb better in clotb, 
 
 4 jTo?tbatinPerfiatbepbaue great colouring of filks, it bebocues pou to learne tbat alfo, 
 fo? tbat clotbDpingffilfeeDpingl)aueacertaineaffinup,anopourmetcbantsminDtobjing much 
 rate ClkeintotbeRealme,anDtberefo?eitismo?erequtfttpouIearnetbefcme. 
 
 5 31 n Perfia ttjtrc are tbat dame linnen clotb : it is not amide pou learne it if pou can: it bath 
 bene an oloe trace in England, tobf reof forne excellent clothes pet remainc : but tbe arte is noto 
 io(t,anonottobefounoin tljcRcalme, 
 
 6 &bep Ijattea cunning in Perfia to make in buf kins of Spanitb leather ffotoers of man? 
 &inoes,tn mod liuelp colours.ano theft tbe Courtiers ds tocare there : to learne tobicb arte tocre 
 nobarme. 
 
 7 31 f an? Dicr of China, 0? of tbe Catt parts of tbe tuojlD, be to be founo in Pcriia,acqttaint 
 pottrf elfc toith bim, ano learne toljat pou map of htm, 
 
 8 joou (ball finoe Anile there, if pou can procure tbe berbe tbat it is mane of, eitljer bp fees 
 0; bp plant, to carp into Cnglano, pou map do toell to enocuour to enricb pour countrep toitb tlje 
 fame : but toitljall learne pou the making of tbe Anile, ano if pou can get tbe berbe, pou map fents 
 tbe fameojp into England/ojpolTiblp itgrotoethhere alrcaDp. 
 
 9 Returne borne toitb pou all tlje materials ano fubfiances that thep Die toitball in Ruflia, 
 ano alfo in Perfia, tbat pour companp map fee all, 
 
 I o 31 n fame litle pot in pour Iooging,31 toiti) pou to make oatlp trials in pour arte, as pou (ball 
 from time to time learne ought among tbem. 
 
 I I g>et ootone in touting tobatfoeuer pou (ball learne from trap to Dap , led pou (boulo fo?* 
 gc t , 1 left <3 00 ftjoulD call pou to bis mercp : arm bp ech returne 31 toilh pou to feno ttt to jit tug 
 tohatfoeuer pott haue learneo, ojattbeleattkeepetfcefamefafein pour coffer, tbat come Death oj 
 life pour countrep map cniop tbe thing tbat pou goe f } , ano not lofe the charge , ano trauell W 
 ftotoeD in this cafe, 
 
 12 icarnepott there to fire ano make fttre the colour to be giuen bploggetoooo : foujaillne 
 siot neeo to bup tooao fo oeare, to the enriching of our enemies, 
 
 1 3 inquire of tbe pjice of leckar,ann all other things belonging to oping. 
 
 14 3ln anp to ife fet ootone in touting a true note from tobence euerp of them Doe come , ano 
 Inhere, ano in toljat conntrep ccb of them Doth groto, 31 meane tobere the naturall place ofcclj of 
 them is, as Ijoto neere to fitch a citp, oj to fuch a fea, 0) to fuch a potable riuer in Ruflia, Perfia, 
 ojelfetobere. 
 
 1 5 31 f before pou returne pou toulo procure a lingular gooD too jkeman in the arte of € ur- 
 kt(b carpet making, pou (houlo bpng the arte into this Realme, aw alfo tljerebp increafe too jke 
 to pour companp, 
 
 Commifsion 
 
J tripartite commiJlion.TraffttpeSt&Difcouenes, .4.33 
 
 Commifsion giuen by fir Rowland Hayward 'knight _, and George 
 Barne, Aldermen andgouemours of the company of Englifh Merchants,for 
 
 difcoucry of new trades, vnco tsi rtbtirPct, and Charles Iackwan i for a voyage by them to 
 be made/or dilcouciy of Catbaj.,1 j So.in forme following. 
 
 j^tijejfSameofCooDSlmtgrjtte^jHJeuerlaCtugjSmEit. EljistoJttmrrfd? 
 coumtitfioftEr:?ortttc ) maDetl?etlt)ctitictI)rjiaj)of*papAnnoDom,i5"8o, 
 ana in the 2 2,peere of the reipc of our !%>ouereigne Laap Eliz abeth bp the 
 grace of <5oB,2Elueem:.of <£nglana, jFranccana Jrelana, aefcnBeroftrje 
 fattlj.SC TSftteCCHC Ot Rowland Hay ward knight, ana George Barne, 91- 
 aeniKnofthe Cttieof Lon'oon,atiJ> gottcrnoursofthecompanp of<£ngutb 
 {©ecchants.fo? oifcoucrp of ncto traoes, fo? the be!;oofc, ana m the name of 
 tljefaiucompanp,ontbefiriTpartu,antj Arthur PetofRatcliffe, tnifjeCountieMiddlefex^np* 
 taine,£^aifer,anti cijiefc ruler of the gooa barke, callea the George of Londoo,of the burthen of 
 46.tunucs,o? tijecc«bouts,on the ft eons pactie,ana Charles Iackman of Popler.in the faio Ccutt" 
 tie of Middlelex.Cantaine.Sgatter ana ruler of the poa bar«c,caHea tlje William of London^f 
 the burthen of 2o.tunnes,o? thereabouts , (tobieb barbed are r.oto ricing at anker in the ritier of 
 Thames againfl Limehoufe>n tljettjicopattic: toitnelfetb, that tljefaia <J5ouemotu;s,anB tom« 
 jmnp bsuc bitea trjefaiae Arthur Pct,tofcrue in the fa;Dbarkc,callcBcheGeorge,bj!tfj nine men 
 ana abop : Slna liketoife the fata Charles Iackman,to ferueiittljefaiB barne,calleo ttje William, 
 totto fittc men ana a bcp.foj a aopage bp them to be niaae bp ©oos grate,fo ) fearclj ana Uifcoueries 
 of a paffagebp fcafrcm hence bp Boroughs ffceigljts,ano the SflanaVaigacs, Cafltoaras,totbe Burroughs 
 totmtretsoiaominton^ofthcnuahttcpjt'nce.theCmperourofCathay.anainthcfameijntatrje ""**• 
 Cities of Cambalu anaQuinfay,ojtoeitljer of tljcm, 
 
 ■Ebc tobicb paffage(>pon authojitic of loiters, ana great reafonjistonteitteatobceframtlje 
 Vaigats^atttBaras,acco?Bing to tljeocfctiptfon in pIat"offpirainincs,!!iaocbpmaffcr William 
 Burrough.inljereofeither of tljefaiac Arthur Pet.anaCharlesIackman.fjaue one aclittcrccimto 
 frjem,aua alfd one other ratling carae,aua a blanfee plat fo? either of tljcm. 15ttt if it ujoula not be 
 in ail points, accojaing to that aefcriptton, pet toe hope tijat the continent o?firme lanBof Afia 
 notlj not firetclj it feffe fo farre 5ao?tbtoarB3,bttt that tljcre map be fauna a fca paffeable bp it,be- 
 ttoeene the latitude of 7o.ana 8o,aegrecs, 3na tljcrefojctoe ijauc appointee pou toitlj tljefc ttoo 
 iarkes to make triall of tfje fame t toiftjing pouboth to iopne in frienofljtp togetljcr,as mod at ere 
 ftienajs ana b ?otbers,to all purpofes ana effects, to the furtherance ana ojaerfp performing of the 
 fame rjopage. 3na I:ketoife o?aer pour compantes,that tljep of tlje one barke map ijaue fttclj loue 
 ana care,toljelpc ana fuccour tljem of the otber,as moff oeere fricnas ana brothers tooulaoof :fa 
 as it map appcare.tbat though thep be ttoo barkes,ano ttoo conipanie3,(toljich is fo appointea fo? 
 your greater comfojx ana auurancc)pettbat pou are toljolpof one minac, ana bens pour ftluesto 
 the uttcrmoft of pour potoerg, to perfojmetlje thing that pou arebotb emplopeo fo?, 
 ' £>oe pou obferae gooa ojaec in pour saplpferuice, ana pjap into ©ca 3 foujdl pou pjofpec 
 tlje better, 
 
 <!2Ietoou!B{j«uc pou to mecte often tcgctfjcr,to tarse i conferre,conu!lt > anB agree fjoraymobp 
 toljat meancs pou map beffperfojme this purpofca isopsgeaccojaing to our intents, 9,110 at fucfj 
 meetingtoe tljinke it reqttiftte, tijat pou call unto pou pour matc&ana aifo Nicholas Cbanceler, 
 (tobomtoeeaoc appoint as merchant, tokccpeaccotnptoftljemerc^anctjepouujallbupojfcH, 
 barter 0? change ) to tlje enoe cljattobatfoeuct ©00 fljoula atfpofe of either of pou, pet tljep map 
 hauefome inffrttctions anaknotoleage Ijotoe toacale in pour p!acc,o? places, 3na ofallpour af* 
 ftm'ulies ana confultattons together,ana tlje fubilance cf matter pou ftjal at cuerp time agree up= 
 on.toe toouia 'jauepoutonotc tljan in the paper bookesthat tuee giue pou fo? that purpofe,bnta 
 each uatkc one. ZWLc ao appoint Arthur Pet in tlje George.ag 9amiral,to toeare tlje fiagge in tlje 
 maine top,ana Charles Iackmaniu tlje William, as tliceaamirall, jTojgcoaojBerstobetaketi 
 foj pour gooo ana ojaerlp keeping of company togetijer,uiljich tte tailfj map befuclj,aspou Qjottlo 
 netter lofe fight the one of tlje otljcr,crcept bp both pour confents, to aifecuer about an JiflanBjO? 
 tnfomc riuer, luljen ana inhere pou map certamlp appoint to meete together againc, laee referee 
 the fame to pour Olfactions. 
 
 , Sno noto fo? pour gooa aircctt'en in this bopage, toe toottla Ijaue pou toitlj the nert gooa toinae 
 ana tocathcr,tljat (Sob (fjall fenB thereunto meete anfl coiutenient,after tlje 2 2,osp of this pjefent 
 monetljofSI5ap, faile from tljtsritter of Thames, to tlje coafl of Finmarkc ,to tlje ?fto?tljCape 
 tbefe,o?totlje Wardhoufe, ana from tljencc airectpcur courfe to haue figljt of Willoughbies 
 lana, aitD from it paffe alougH to the Noua Zemlajkeeping tlje fame lanBes altoapcs in pour fight 
 
 i©0 OR 
 
4-54- 
 
 . _ - — ■ - — 
 
 The EngMi Voyages, J tripartite commifsion. 
 
 STflt Iant> oe 
 
 Samocdj. 
 
 
 l£UEt0. 
 
 on pourlarbco?DliDes( it conuenientlp pou map) to tbeenDe pou map Difcoucr,tobetber the fame 
 Willoughbies lano be continent ant> fitme Iano toitb Noua Zembla,o? not: nottoitij&anoing toe 
 tooulo not ijaue pou to entangle pout felues in anp 35ap,o? otbertoffe,fo tljat ic migljt binser pcuc 
 fpeeop p?oceeDing ft the 3IflanD Vaigats. 
 
 3no toljen pou come to Vaigacs, toe tooulo baue pou to get Ggljt of tlje miiinelano of Samoe- 
 da, toljicij is ouec agatnff tlje g>outb part of tlje fame 3KlanD,anD from tljence toitb ©ods pcrmif* 
 fion.to paffe Catttoaros alongtt tbe fame coafl, keeping it atoapes in pour figljc (if conuenientlp 
 pou map)bntiUpou come to t^e moutb of tbertuer Ob, ants toljenpou come bntoit,patfeouer tbe 
 faio tiuet0 moutb butotljebojoerof lanD, ontheCafffiDeoftbefame (toitbout anpflaptobee 
 inane fojfeatcljinp; intoarolp in tfje fame riuer ) anD being in figbt of tlje fame Caff erlp lano.ooe 
 pou in ©oDsnamc pjtoceeD alongCt bp it, from t&ence CafttoarDS, keeping tlje fame altoapes on 
 pourHarboojoGoe infigbc, if pou map, ano folloto tbe tract of it, toljetber it incline ^outljerlpoi 
 3!2o ?tljerlp (as at times it map do botlj) bntili pou come to tlje Countrep of Cathay, o j tlje Domi* 
 nion of tljat migljcie Cmperour* 
 
 a.noif ©oopjofperpourbopage toitb furfjgooti fucceffe, tljat pou map attame to tlje fame, 
 ooepou feeke bp all meanes pou can to arriue to tlje Cities Cambalu, ano Quin%,o? to tlje one 
 oftljem, 15utifitbappen tljat pou cannot conuenientlp come to etcljer of cljofcplaccs, oj> Ojalbc 
 5jiuentoremaine$tointerinfomeocljerpo?tojplaceohjisoominion,Dopoufeeitebp8UmeanesS 
 poffible to toinnefauour ano liking of tlje people, bp gifts antifrienDlpoemeanestotoarDs tljem, 
 ami not to offer violence, ojeotojong to anp people o? nation toljatfoeuer.but therein to be inno- 
 cent as Doues, pet toilie as ferpents,to auoio mifebiefe, ano Defeno pou from Ijurt* 3nb toben pou 
 (bail haue gotten frienofljip tljjougljpourotfcreeteojDetingofpourfeliies, totoaros tbe people, 
 Doe pou Icarne of tljem tobat pou can of tljeir IPjince, ano fljetoe tljem one of tlje SElueenes ?pa= 
 tcfliee letters, toljicb (he fcnoetlj toitlj pou(bp eitljer of pott one, maoe of one fttbffance ano effect, 
 fojecljofpGuparticularIp)toJittenui Latine,to!;eri'untobef9g)aie(liebatlj fttbfcribeD, anocau-- 
 fcDljerftgnetfcaleto befet,tije effect of tlje fame letters pou bauealfoto?itteuinCno;Iiu), foj 
 pottrotonebnoerffanDingtljereof t 
 
 ^ije fame Ijcr S@aieflies letters pou ujall procure tooeliuer bnto tlje fame migljtie l3?ince,o j 
 <0ouernour,toitlj fame p jefent to be giuen , fuclj as pou ujall tljinke meete ano conuenient,uCng 
 pour felues in aIlpointsacco?Dingtotlje effect of tlje fame letters, ana pjocureagaine from tbe 
 fame p?tucc, Ijts letters accojDinglp. 
 
 3no if ©oo fo pjofper pour bopage,tfjat pou map tbis Summer paffc tbe @>tr«gbtS,ano com* 
 paffe about tlje jSojtljetmoft lano of Afia, unco tbe countrep of Cathay,o? Dominion of tbat migh* 
 tfepji:tce,anDtoutteringinit, map obtaine from bimljis letters of ujiuileDgeagainfttbenert 
 peeres fp?ing,pott map tljen after pour fitfl fetting foo?tlj, fearcljano Difcouer fometoljat ftirtfjec 
 tljen pou Ijao DtfcouercD befoje pour tointering, fo farrc as pou ujall tljinke conucnient,toitb re* 
 garo ijao, ano altoapes p?ouioeD,tljat pou map r'etnrne borne hitber, to gitie bs aDittfe of pour pjo* 
 ceeDtngs tlje fame ^>ummer,o? befo je tlje fljarpenes o? ejetccmitie of tointer ouercake pou, . 
 
 3no if it Ijappen pott cannot this fumrner attaine to tlje bo?Dcr of Cathay , ano pet finD tlje Iano 
 bepono tlje Ob,to firetclj it fcIfeCaffcrIp,toitlj tljefea asiopning bnto it nattigable, Doc pou tljen 
 p joeeeo on pour Difcouerp (as before faiD)alongfttlje fame contment,fo farre as pou can this fum« 
 mcr^atting care in tlje trauel to gnoeout fome cenuenient tjarbo?oto ano place, tobere pou map 
 tointer: ano token pott tljiuke it conuenient, putp urfelfeto tointering, tobcrc if pottbappento 
 fiitDepcoplCjpou ujall oealc toitlj tljem, as toe Ijaue :fojeaDtiifeD pou to do toitlj tlje people of Ca- 
 thay ,$c« 3no if pou can learne tbat tljep baue apiincc or cljiefe gotiernour,Do pou pjocttre to Deli« 
 ucrbntotbe fame"#nnce o? goucritottroneoftbeSIlueeiies£^aieftiesIetters,asbefojefaiD,anti 
 feclte to obtaine againe bis letters accojDinglp.Sf pou fo bappen to tointer ? obtaine letters ofpji* 
 ttilcoge, finoing tlje countrep anD people, toitb tlje commoDtties to bee ftub,tljat bp bGng traoe tbi» 
 tber toitlj tlje ptople,anD fo^ tlje commoDities,it map be beneficial bnto bs (as toe bope pou map) 
 tlje fame toil be fome gooD liking bntobs : tettoitbffanDing toe toouln Ijaue poutbe uert fummec 
 (bp tlje grace of <SoB)ac pour firft fetting out of pour tointering barbo?ouglj,p?oceeD alonge'tt tljac 
 tractoflanDtoCathay,tfpijufeeItkeliljooDtopaireit(fo?tbatistbe€otmtreptbattoecbieflpDe a 
 Ore to cifcoucr)anD feeing pou are fttllp bictuales fo? ttoo peres ano bptoarbs,tobicb pou map be* 
 rp toel make to fertte pou foj ttoo peres ano a baIfe,tl;ottgb pou fince no otber bclp.pou map tijere- 
 fo?e be tSjeboloer to acuentureinptoceeDingbponpour Difcouerp: toljtcb if pou Do,toe Doubt not, 
 but poitfljaUatcljiettetljeCountrep of Cathay, $Deliuei:totbep?mcetbere,oncofberSpaieflie? 
 letters.bjmging from tljence tljcfame ponces letters anftoerable:aitDfo in tbe peere of our ILojd 
 158 2 t rctunie bonic toitb gooD netocs,anD glaD ttBings,not onelp bnto bs tlje abucnturers in tfoii* 
 bcpagc.but alfo to our tobole Countrep anD nat.ton,iu^icl; ©obgratint pou map do, 8meiu 
 
 ^ttt 
 
A tripartite co/ww^/ow .TrafHques,& Difcoueries. 
 
 435 
 
 TBucif it happen tljatthelaiiD of Afia.frombeponB cberiuer Ob, ertenoe it fclfc^ojthtoaros 
 toSo.BegrecB.ojneerenhcpGO'.e, tohcrcbp poufinbe it to leaoe pou iiuotfhatertrcmttie, that 
 fmaliojnorjape mapbelcokeo fo2,tafat(etbattoapto Cathay,BoepounottottbtTano:ngfollotoe 
 the tract of the fame iano, as farre as pou cr,n otfcoucr this fetmimcr,Sjauing care to mine out bp 
 the toap a comicnicnt place fo} pou to QHinter in,tbe toljt'clj ( if pou map Bifcouer the fame lanBe 
 ofAfiatbis^tntimertoertenDttfe!fcto8o,Deojrfesaflatitunc,ano\3p\i)aroaojto85.Dcgrees) 
 lBeWi^tljeiuIjatt^efamcpourlBtntcttripjplaccmapbeintljermetofObjOjasneeretljefame 
 rtucr as pou can, nno finning in fuel) totntenng place. people.be thcpSamoeds, Yowgorians.o? 
 MoIgomzesA'c Doe pou gentl? entreat toit'.ubem as afoiefaioe , ano if pou can Icarnc tljac tljcp 
 fjauc ermince oj cliiefe goueraour smonglrtbcnxooc pottocltuer ljim one of her flEtaiefties letters, c»« fflu«nc» 
 aim procure thereof an anftocre accoiDingIp:oo pou piccureto barter $erchana;ctoith the people, UtItts * 
 cftbeuicrcbanBtfeanD cominooitics that pou fyallcarp tottb pou, foj fuclj commoBities as pou 
 (hall BiiBetrjcm to liauc,? c. 
 
 3lfpou fo happen to vmnter, toetooulobaue pou the nert Summer to Difcoucr into tlje riucr 
 Ob.fo farce as conuenientlp pou map: 3no if pou (ball finbe tlje fame rtuer (toljich is rcpo jteB to 
 be toiBe o? b?oaD)to be alfo nauigable ano pleafant foj pou, to trauell farre into, bappely pou map 
 come to tlje citie Siberia^ to fomc other eotonc oj place babiteB bpon o? necre tlje boioer of it,anu <jrt>c«iiie of 
 therebp baue liking to winter out the fecons toincer : life pou therein pour Olfactions. s ' iK "*' 
 
 15ut if pou finoe tlje faio rtucr Ob to be frjoloe,o? not fuel) as pou map cotmenientlp trauell in 
 toitb pour barkes,Be pou then the nert fumnwr retttrne bache through Boroughs (freights: StaO 
 from tljat part of Noua Zembla , abtopning to the fame flreigljts, Boe pou come alongfi the tract 
 of that coatt SLtetttoaros.keeping it on the llarbo JB fioe,anb the fame altoapes in fight.if conueni« 
 cntlp pou map,toitil pou come to Willoughbies lanD, if outtoarBS bounB pou (ball not happen to wnioughbwi 
 Bifcouer ano trie toljcther the faiB Willoughbies lanB topne continent tottb tljefame Noua Zcm- ,an0 * 
 bla,oniot, ButifpoulbaIltbenp?oueibcmcobeone6rmeanD continent, pou map from Noua 
 Zembla Direct pour courfe Ditto the fato Willoughbies lanD,as pou Ojall tljinke gooB,ano as pou 
 map mod conuenientlptanD from Willoughbies lanD pou (ball pjoceeD iKEtetttaarBS alonglttfje 
 ttact of it .(though it incline j3o?tbcrlp) euenfo farre as pou map o? can trauell, Ijaumgregaro 
 that in conuenient time pou map returne tjome Ijtther to London foj wintering. 
 
 SlnD fo? pour ojoerlp patting in tfj:s bopage.ano making obferuatfons in tlje fame , toe rcferre 
 poutotbeinGtuccionsgiuen bp M.William Burrough.tobercof one topic is amtereo Unto the 
 firttpariofthis 3lnBcnturetoiDerourfeale, foj pou Arthur Pei.mtotljercopieofittsanneteo to 
 trjefeconti part of this 3!nDcnture,nnDcr our feale alfo, fo? pou Charles Iackman,anD a thirD copy 
 thereof is anncreo tovto tbctbitB part of this 3InDenture, rcmatm'ngtoithbS the farce companie, 
 
 fealCD anD fltbfcribCD bp pou the faiB Arthur Pet,an0 Charles lackman. 
 
 Snoto the obferuing of alltbings contauteo in this Comnuflion (fo neere as (SoDtoill permit 
 me grace thereunto) 31 the fato Arthur Pet Doc couenant bp thefc pjefents to perform tljcm,ana 
 eucrp part ano parcell thereof. 9to5 3 the fatD Charles lackman Doefcnmp part Iikctoifeeoue* 
 nant bp tljefe p?cfents to perfojme tlje faine,ano eucrp part :bcteof,fo neercas ©ob toill gtuc me 
 grace thereunto, 
 
 3no intoitnes thereof thefe SnBentttres toerefealeDanBBcliucreBaccojromglp.theBWMrti 
 peerefirft abouc tojttten, ^Ijus the Loj.dc ©ob aimtghtie fenoepou apjofpetous uopage,tott(j 
 Ijappie fuccelte ano fafc returae,3men. 
 
 i 
 
 Inftrudiohs and notes very neceiTary and needfull co be oblerued 
 in the purpofed voyage for difcoiieryof Cathay EzRwards,by Arthur 
 
 Tct, and Charles lackman : giucn by (JM.Wit/iam Bttrrougb, 1 5 80, 
 
 WBpenpoucometoOrfordneiTc, (f the totnoeBocferuepoutogoe a feabojo the fanBs, 
 Boe pou fet off from thence, ano note tlje time Diligentlp of pour being ajainS tlje faioe 
 Neffe, turning then pour glalfe, toljcrcbp pou intcnoe to keepe pour continuall roatch.anB apoint 
 fuel) courfe as poufijal tljtnhe gooB.accojBingastfcc VBmBfcructhpou:anBfro ttjattimc fojtoaros 
 tonttnuallp(if pour Q)ip be lofc,bnBer faile.a hull 0? ttie)Do pou at the cno of euerp 4.glatTes at tlje 
 Icafl (ercept calme) founo toith pout Bipdt lean, ana note otligcntlp toljat Bcptij pou fines, anBal-- 
 fo tlje gtouno, 'But if it happen h^> fluiftncs of the Cjippes toap.o? othettoife, tljat psu cannot get 
 grounB.pet note toljat Depth pou bid pjoue,nno coulB finoe no gtouno (this note is to be obferued 
 all your voyage,as well outwards as homewards.) H5ut toljcn pou come bpon anp coatt, 0} Doe 
 
 finoe anp fijoloe bankc tn tlje fea,pou are ttjen to bfe pour leaoe oftencr, as pou (bal tijinke ic requi" 
 
 Do a fite, 
 
#6 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M. William TZurrougb. 
 
 
 Bitcouerp.sc 
 
 free, noiingBiligcntlp the ojoer of pour Depth, ann the Deeping anDfljolDing* 3nD folifeetoifeoofc 
 pou irate tljeocptbes into barbo^ougbs^iuers^c/ 
 Siid in keeping pour DeaD reckon mg,it is uerp neceffarp tljat pott Doc note at the enDC of enerp 
 ©oto to note f out e glaffes, toljit map tbcujippe IjatljmaDe ( up pour beffpjocfes to be tofcD) ana botoe hcrtoap 
 3°o?n" u t o?tDe fjatb benctbjougb the toatcr.confiDering tottball foj the fagge of the fca, tolectoarDs,accojDing-- 
 ttata'h" lj) fl|B P° u ^ a51 ^ n0c " S ro ^ ens aOT al ^° t0 note $* beptb, anD tobat things toojtb the noting bay 
 nmg.ano ot&tr peneo in that time, toitb alfo tbe toittDC bpon tobat point pou finoe it tben, anD of tobat fojee o? 
 ooftiaationa. length it is,anD tobat failespou bcare. 
 
 TBut ifpou ujottlo omit to note tbofc things at tbe cnD of cttcrp fottre glaffes,3i tooulo not Ijaue 
 pou to let it Hip anp longer time,tben to note it Diligentlp at tbe enD of euerp toatcb,o? eight glafc 
 fesattbefartbeu\ 
 
 Doc pott Diligentlp obferue tlje Iatitttoc as often, ana in as manp places as pou map poffiblc, 
 ann alfo tbe barialion of tlje Compaffe (efprciallp toben pcu map bee at fljoare bpon anp lanD) no« 
 ting tfjc fame obftruations truelp, anD the place anD places tobere ,ano tbe time ano times tohen 
 pou do tlje fame. 
 
 GEIhen pou come toljatteGgbtofanpcoallojlanD toljatfocuer, Doe poup?efentIpfetthefame 
 
 toitb pour failing Compaffe, botoe itbearesoff pou.notmgpouriiiDgcmcnthotofarrepoutbinke 
 
 it from pott, Doming alfo tbe fomieofit in pour booke, botoe it appcares unto pou, noting Dili* 
 
 gcntlp bote tlje bigbefi 0} notablcC part thereof bearetij off pou,ar.D tbe ertreames alfo in light of 
 
 5F01 noting tjt the fame Iano at botljcnos.Dittinguifljingtbembp letters, a.^.C.gtc. Qftertoarostobcnpoti 
 
 Sewoflh bauefaileo *♦*♦ 3.0? ^glaffes (attbcmotl)nctingDiltgentlptobatttiappourbarRCbatbmaDe, 
 
 tano at fitrt ano upon toljat point of tlje Compaffe , do pou agaiue fet that firff lanD feenc,o? tbe parts thereof, 
 
 that poufirttobfcrueD.tf pottcantoell perceiue oj Difccrne them, anD liKctuife fucbotber notable 
 
 points o? u*gnes,bpon the Iano that pou map tben fee, anDcoulonotpercciuc attbefirfltime.Di' 
 
 Cinguifbingit alfo bp letters from tbe other, ann opining in pour booke tbe fljapeofthe fame 
 
 IanD,as it appeareth bnto pou, anD fo tlje thirD time, jc, 
 
 9hd alfo in patting alongC bp anp anD euerp coatt.coc pou Djatoe tbe mancr of biting in of eue-- 
 rpT15ap, anD entrance of euerp barbo?otoo?riucrsmoutb, toitlj tlje Iping out of euerp point, oj 
 beaDlanD, (untotljc tobiebpou map giue apt names at pour plcafure) anD make feme marke in 
 Draining tlje fojme ano bo joer of the fame, toljcre the high cliffs are , anD bJtjcrc lotoe IanDe is, 
 tohetber fanDc,bils,o? to oods 3 oji tobatfocuer , not omitting to note anp thing that map be fcnfibU 
 anD apparent to pou, tobich map feme to anp gooD purpofe. It you carefully with great heede 
 
 and diligence, note the obfei uations in your booke,as aforefaid,and afterwards make detnon- 
 ff ration thereof in your plat, you fhall thereby perceiue howe farre the land you firft fawc,or 
 tbe parts thcreofobferued, was then from you, and confequently of all the red : and alfo bow 
 farrc the one part was from the other , and vpon what courfe or point of the Compaffe the one 
 lieth from the other. 
 
 3no toben pou come upon anp coalf toljere pou fino Roods ano cbs,Doe pou Diligentlp note the 
 time of tljehigbett ano lotted toater in euerp placc,ano the flafte o? fltll toater of full fea.ano lotoe 
 toater.anD alfo tobtcbtoap the flooDDoetbrtiune,boto the tiocsooefet,hoto much toater it hifth, 
 anD tohat f oice the tioe bath to duuc a ujip in one Iiourc, a) in the tohole tioe, as neere as pou can 
 iuDge it,ano tobat Difference in time pou finoc bet tonic the running o f tlje floes , ano the cbbcSno 
 if pou finDe vpon anp coafl the currant to r mine altoapcs one toap,Doc pou alfo note the fame Dtielp, 
 hoto it fcttetlj in euerp place, ano obferue tohat fo jce it bath to Djine a ujip in onehoure,^ c. 
 
 3teni,aS often ann,toben as pou map conuenientlp come bpon anp lanD, to make obferuation 
 fo? tbe latituDC anD bariation,?f. Doe pou alfo (ifpou map) toitlj pour inflrnment,fo? trpingof Di- 
 ■srotaftcthe ftanccs,obfeructbcplatfo?meoftljeplace,anDofasmanp things (too?ththenoting)aspoutnap 
 Risers hjitbm then conuenientlp fee from time to time, Thefe orders if you diligently obferue.you may thcte- 
 ronipaffeof by perfectly fet dow ne in the plats, thatlhaue giuen you yout whole trauell, and defcription 
 lano. otyour dilcouery, which is a thing thar will be chiefly expefted at your hands, ^uttotthall 
 
 pou map not fosget to note as muclj as pou can Icarne.bnDerflanD of perceiue of the maner of the 
 foilc,oi ftuitfulneffe of eeerp place ano countrep pou ffjall come in,anD of tljemaner,ujape,attire 
 ano DirpoOtion of the people, anD of the commooities thep baue, ano tohat thep mofl cotiet anD oe* 
 fire of tbe commoDitics pou carp toitlj pou. Jt bchoueth pou to giue trifling things onto fuchpeo* 
 pic as pou ujall happen to fee, anD to offer them all coutteGeanD frienofbip pou map o? can, to 
 toinnedjeic loueanDfatiourtotoarDespott, notooingo? offering them anp to?ongo?h«rt. 9nn 
 tljo ugh pou fljouiD be offcreD to?ong at their banDes,pet not to reuenge the fame lightlp, but bp all 
 mcanes pomble fecke to toinnc the m, pet altoapcs Dealing toifelp ann toitlj fuch circnmfpecticn 
 that pou Rccpe pour felues out of theic Dangers* 
 
 JFoi obftniing 
 
 oftiBceana 
 
 currants. 
 
MJDeesaduije. Traffiques,& Difcouenes. 437 
 
 Chug- 31 befeccb<SoD8um'gbRetobIeirepou, ami p?ofper yottr tiopage tott^ gooo anohappie 
 fucceife/.nD fetiD pou fofelp to rrturne home acrame.to tije great top aim rciopcing of the aDuentu- 
 rers toith pcu,eff> all pour fricnDs, anD our ictjole cDuntrep.^mcn, 
 
 Certaine briefe aduifes giucn by Mafier T)ee, to Arthur Tet, and 
 Charles lackman, to bee obferued in their Northeafterne difcouerie, 
 Anno 1580, 
 
 1^ lac rcckcnfcomvVardhoufe to Colgoieueatlann 400. miles fa? almofl 20, Degrees Btffe« 
 retire onelp of tougttuoe toerp neere <ffia8 ano Wctt , anD about the latituae of 7o,Degrees anu 
 ttootijuDepatCE:jrromColgoieuetoVaigats2oo.nuIesfo?io,DegrcesoiffercnceoncIpmlcn= 
 giume,at 70 .Degrees of Iatiume alfo : from Vaigats to the promontor ic Tabin <5o. Degrees Btf= 
 ference of longttuDe ( the tohsle courfe , 0? (bojtelf Biftance being Cafl ano ZUtti ) in the Iaticune 
 likcluifc of yo.oegrees, maftctb 1 soo.miies : tl;en is fumma totalisfrom Wardhoufc to Tabin 
 6oo.leagucs s o? i"8oo,€ngli0) miles.^bErcfo^c allotoingin aDifcottcrp boiage fo? one oaptoitf) 
 another but 5 o.Cnglifi) mlles,it is cuiDent that from Wardhoufc to Tabin, the courfe map bee 
 faiica cafilp in Cre ano tljirtte napes : but bp (Sods belpe itmapbefini(beoinmucbmo?terrime, 
 both h^ belpe of vuinoep?ofperous,anD light continual! foj the time requtfit thereunto. 
 
 mim pou are patt Tabin, 0? conic to the longituoe of i42.oegrees,as pour chart ibemetb,o? Jj^^JKjg 
 ttoo,th?ee,foure, o?fiue Degrees further Caffcrlp, it is probable pou Q;aHfinDe the IanD on pour SWoirne 
 right harm nmne much ■§>oiitberrp ano CaQtoatD, in tobicb courfe pott are like either to fall in* E5*1k i*8m? 
 to ttje mouth of the famous riuer Oechardes, 0? fome other , tobicb pet 31 coniecture to paffe bp tjjem bmo. 
 ibercnotomcD<£itieofCainbalu,attD thzmoutbtobeiniotituoeabout 50,0^52, Degrees, ano 
 toithin 300,0? 400. milesof Cambaluitfclfc, being inthelatituDC of 45. Degrees Sotttbcrlp 
 of the faioe riucrs mouth, j els that pou Cjall trenD about the toerp jffojtrjcrne nnD moff ©atlerlp 
 point of all Afia , parting bp the pmuince Ania, ano then to the latituDc of 46. Degrees, keeping 
 flit! the lano in Diem on pour right baivo (asneereaspoumaptoithfafetie)p.oumapcnterinta 
 Quiniay b«tcii,b:ingthc chiefe citie in the.H5ojthern China, as 3i termc it foj Difiinctionsfake, 
 from the ether better knotoen. 
 
 9no in ? about either 0? both of tbtfe ttoo toarme places , pott map to great gooD purpofe bee 
 occupieo the tnljolc tumter.after pour arriuall in thofe quarters.,as fometimc bp fra,fotnetime in 
 notabIcfrefljriucrs,fometimeinDifcrcet totem anDnotingDomnc the Ctuation of the Citicstotth* 
 mlano,$c.anD euer affapingtocome bp fome charts ojmaps of the cottntrep,maDe amipitnteDin 
 Cathay 0? China.anD bp fome of tbeirbookes liReuufe fen language,^, ^on map alfo haue op- 
 pojtumtie to faile ouer toIapan3iu'ano J mhere pou thall fume Cbjittianmen,3icfuitSofmanp 
 countreps of ClmflenDomc fome, anD perhaps fomeCnglifljmen, at mbofe baimes pou map haue 
 great instruction anD aouifefo 1 pou affaires in IjanD, 
 
 Notes in writing, befides more priuie by mouth^that were giuen 
 by <JW. Richard Hakluyt oiEiton in the Counrie oiHereford, Efquire, Anno 
 
 1 ; 80 : to M.Arthur Pet, and to M.C.barles lackman, fen t by the Merchants of the Mof- 
 cortie companic for the difcouery of the Northeaftftraight , not altogether vnfil for 
 fome other encerprifes of difcouery , hereafter to be taken in hand. 
 
 What refpecl: of Iflands is to be had,and why. 
 
 Wlbercas the Iflojtingals haue in their courfe to their Indies inthe§>outhea(j,ccrtame 
 po jts ar.D fortifications to tbmu" into bp the map, to outers great purpofes: fo pou are to 
 fee tobat Jflanos, aim mhat pojts pou bao neeDe to haue bp the map in pottr courfe to the |5o?th' 
 tag. jFo? tobtch caufe3! lutCrj pou to enter into conGoerationof the matter, anD to note all the 
 3l2anBS,ano to fet tbcm Domne in plat,to ttoo cnDS: that is to fap.'&hat me map Deuife to take the 
 benefit bp them, 3no alfo fcnefce hom bp them the tallages 0? ciuill Pjinccs map in anp fojt an' 
 noptos in our purpofcD traoettjaf map* 
 
 anDfoi that the people to the mhtch me purpofe in this bopage to go,bc no Cbn'tfians, it mere 
 gooD that tbc maffe of cur commooities mere aimapes in our omne otlpofitton, aim not at thcmill 
 of others, therefore it mere gooD that toe oio fcekc out fome fmall aflano in the ^cithian fea, 
 tahere. toe might plant, fo?tiftc, mio tlaple fafeip, from tob-ence (as time ftjoulD feme) mcemighe 
 feeo thofe heathen nations toithour commoDitiesmitbout cloving them, oj toithout toenturing 
 our ml;oIe malfe in tlje botoels of their councrep. 
 
 ©05 3no 
 
4.38 
 
 Jfigooticonfi* 
 
 Btt.itinn. 
 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M.l^ich. Htfyuyt. 
 
 am> to Ut^tc^ 3! flano (if neeoe toere , ano if toce (boulo thinke fo goon ) toce might allure tie 
 3f3o?tbeaff name, the nanie of Cambalu to rribjt toitb their commoBicies to us there pIantco,an& 
 Stapling there. 
 
 a no if futb an 3! flano might be fmmo fo Canning as might fbojtcn our courfe, ano fo Canting, 
 as that tbenauie of Cambalu; o? other thofe patties might conuenientlp fatlebnto initbottt their 
 siHtke in refpectofoi3ance,tbcniDoulD it fal cm toell.JFojfo,befine8leffe Banger ano moje Cafe* 
 tie.our Cjips might ttjere bnlaoc ano laBC againe, ano returne the felfe fame fummer to the pojts 
 
 ofCtlglailBO? Of Norway. 
 
 ano iffucij an Jflano map be fojtrje Gaplirtg of our commoDicic$,ro c^e Dogtcb tbep of Camba- 
 lu la cnl o not faile, pet l»e might , bauing fln'ps ttjere, tmplop tbem in p ailing bettoecne Cambalu 
 ano tbat Hauling place. 
 
 Refped of hauens and harborowes. 
 
 A3i5oifnofucl)3!lJanDs mapbeefounointbeSckhian featotoato the firmcof Afia, then are 
 pou to fearcb out ttje po?ts that be about Noua Zcmbla, all along the tract of that lano , to 
 the eno pou map mincer there the firC pecre, if pou be let bp contrarp tomes, ano to the eno that if 
 toe map tnfhojt time come unto Cambalu, ano unlace ano fctfatle againe fo? returne toithottt 
 venturing there at Cambalu, that pou map on pour toap ceme asfarre in returne as ape jt about 
 NouiZembla:thatthefummerfclloli]mg,poumapthefoonerbeinCngIanofo?themojefpefOp 
 tent of pour CaG conmtooicies,anB fo? the fpeeoier oifctjarge of pour 9j&ariners:if pott catmot go 
 fojtoaro ano backein one felfe fame Stammer, 
 
 9 no toticbiug the tract of the lane of Noua Zetr.bla^otoare the €aff out of the circle Arftickc 
 in tbemoje temperate Zcne,pottare to bauercgaro: fo; ;f rou finoe the fopleplanteo toith people, 
 it is like that in time an ample bent of ottr toarmc tooBen clothes map be founo. 3ne if there be 
 no people at all there to befcuno,tbcnpou Cjall fpectallp note tohat plcntte of tobales.ano of other 
 fiftj is to be fotmo there, to the enoe toe map turne our nrtoefouno lano fi(bingo?35fl8nb filing, 
 o i our tobalcfifbing that toap, fo; tlje apoe ano comfo it of our netoe traces to the j3c?tbeaC to the 
 coaCs of Afia. 
 
 Rdpeft of fifli and certaine other things. 
 
 A 33b if the aire map be fottno bpon that tract temperate, ano the foiie pccloing tooob, toater, 
 lano ano graffcano the feas fffb,tbcn toe map plant on that mat'nc the offals of our peopfe,as 
 the Portingals oo in BrafiU,ano fo tbep map in our fiQjing in ottr paffage,ano oiuers toapes pccloe 
 commoBitic to HEnglanobp harbouring ano bictuallingbs. " • 
 
 9no it map be,tbat the inlano there map peelo maCs, pitch, t®tt, hempe, ano all things fo? the 
 Jftauic,as plentifttllp as €aClano Both. 
 
 The Iflands to be noted with their commodities and wants. 
 
 T© note the 3iflanbs, tobctber thep be hie lano o? loto lano, mountaine. o? flat,grauellp,clap, 
 cbalkie.o? of tohat {btlctoooop o ? not toooDp,toitb fp?ihgs ano riuers o? not,ano tohat totloe 
 beaCes thep hauetn the fame. 
 
 ano tobctber there fecme to be in the fame apt matter to builo totthaH, as Cone free o? rough, 
 ano Cone to make lime toithaU.ano toooo o? roale to butne<be fame toitbaU. 
 Co notetbegoooneffeojttbe baoneffeof the hauens ano harbo?otoes intbeSflanos. 
 
 If a ftraight be found, what is to be done,and what 
 great importance it may be of. 
 
 Ajfto if there be a Craight intbepaffageintotbeSckhian feas,tbe fame is fpectallp ano tortfc 
 great regaro to be noteB,efpcciallp if the fame Craight be narroto ano to be kept. 3 fap it is 
 tobenoteoas athini that ooetbrnucb import fo? tohat p?tnce foeuerCjallbe Lo?neof cbefiuttr, 
 ano Cjall poflefTc the fame, as tbckmgof iDenmarfee Boetbpouefle the Craight of Denmarfee.be 
 onelp (ball baue the trace out of thefe regions into the 39o?tbeaGpartg of the too?U> fo?btmfieIfe. 
 ano foiljis p?iuate p?ofir, c? fo? bis fubtccts onelp, o? to enioptoonoerfull benefit of the toll of the 
 famclike as the king of Dcnmarke Both eniop of his Oraights,bp fuffring the merchants ef other 
 P?inccs to paffe that toap. 3if anp f ucb Cratgbt ue f OU no, the eleuation, the high 0) lotoe lara^t 
 battens necre, the length of the Oratghts,anB allotbcr tuch circumCances are to be fxt ootone fo; 
 nrnnp v .^pofesianD al the farmers in thebopage are to be ftoomc to betpe tlofe all fuch things, 
 that other princes p?cucntbs notof thefamc, after ottr returne bpon tlje oifcloCngof the Spart* 
 ners,ifanp fuch thing Cjoulb hap. 
 
 Which 
 
M . TZjch. Hakj,uyt. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 43P 
 
 Which way the Sauage may bee made able to purchafe our cloth 
 and other their wants. 
 
 IjFpou Email? 3lKano o?maine lanDpopulau2,aim rbat tbe fame people batbneeoofclothjben 
 ate pou to oe uife toJwt commotiitieo tbep baue to purcijafe the fame unthaU* 
 3if ibcpbepao?e,tben arepoutoconfmerof the foile.ano bote bp anppsiTibilitie defame map 
 be mace to inricb ibcm.tljat bcreafter tbep map bauc fometbino; to pur. brfe tfje clotlj toiihall. 
 
 3If pou enter into anp mainc bp portable rutcr, aim ft)all firi cnp great lr ooojs, pou are to note 
 toh*: kino of timber cbtp be of 3 tbat tee map knoto together tbep arc fo'? pircb,tarre .mattes, oeale* 
 boom, rtapboom, o? fo? builBinoj of ujips o? bouffcs,fo? fa, if tlje people Ijauc no tofe of trjem,t(jcp 
 mavbe b?oun;bt pcrljaps to bt'e. 
 
 Not to venture the lofTe of any one man. 
 
 YOu mutt Oaue great care to p?eferue pour people, fince pour number is fo fmall, ano not to 
 Denture anp one man in anp orifc, . 
 
 
 To bring home befides merchandize certaine trifles. 
 
 BEing borne With pou(if pou map)from Cambaluo? otljer ciuilplace,onco?otberpongman, 
 although pou leaue one fo? him, 
 
 aifo tlje fruitcs of t|re Countrcpgi if tfjcp toill not of tfjcmfclitcstiurc, o?ie them aim fo p?e* 
 feruethenn 
 
 9no biing teitb pou the kernels of peaces ano applet ano tlje ttones of fuclj ttonefruits as pou 
 ujattfino ttjcrc. 
 
 aifo tbe feeos of alltttange berbs a- flotecrs, fojfttcrj feeog of fruits atm bcrbs comming from 
 anotber pact of tbe toojlo, annfo far orT.toill oelicjjt tljefanfic of manp fo? tfje ffrangenefle, ano 
 fo? that tbe fame map groto,ano continue n?e Delight long time. 
 
 » 5 ijfpcttatriueat Cambaluo^jQuinfap.tobjingtrjencetbcmappeoftbatcsttntrepjrb? to (ball 
 jou baue the perfect befcription,tohicb is to great purpofe, 
 
 Co b?ing thence fome o la p?inteo booke, to fee tehctljer tljep Ijauc ban p?int thxrc before it teas 
 oeuifeo in Europe ep fome to?tte. 
 
 To note their force by fea and by land. 
 
 3if pou arrfue in Cambafu o? £luittfap,tD take a tpeciall Dieto of tbeir jftauie, ano to note tbe 
 fo?ce,grcatneu"e,mancr of builomgoftbcm,tbefailes, tlje tachlcs, the ankers, tbefurmture of 
 t!,m,teicbo?Dinancf,armour,anomunitlon, 
 aifo ,t o note tbe fo?ce of tlje teals aim bultearks of tbeir cittes,tbeir o monance, ana tobe tW- 
 
 j tljep baue anp caliuerji,anD tobat potooer ano ujot» 
 
 j Co note ml) at armour tbep baue. 
 
 Itauat fmojos. 
 GHbat pikes,bafberti0 ami bill* 
 Jiaibatbo?fesoffo?cc,anDtobatUgbtbo?fe6tbepba«e. 
 L aim fo tbmugboHt to note tbe fojee of tbe Countrep botb bp fea ano bp lano. 
 
 Things to be marked to make conie&urcs by. 
 
 T2D take fpeciallnote of tbeir builDings,anfl of tbe o?naments of tbeir boufes toitbin, 
 Cake a fpcciall note of tbeir apparell ano furniture, ano of tbe fubttance tbat tlje fame 
 is mane of, oftebicl? aSpcrchant map make a gettcastocUoftbeir commooitie, a? alfo of tbcit 
 loanta* 
 
 Co note tbeir slrfjoppes ano JBareboufes , ano teitb tebat eommooitics tbep abouno, tbe 
 pjicealfc. 
 
 Co fee tbeir ^bambles, ano to toteto an fucbtbmggois are bmugbttntotbe Markets, fo? fo 
 pou (ball foone fee tbe commooities, aim tbe maner of tbe people of tbe mlano, mm fo gute a gefle 
 ofinanptbingo. : ' , ' 
 
 Conotetbcirficlosofgrainc,anO tbeir trees of fruite, aim bote tbep abounoo? not abouno in 
 oneanootber,ano tobatplcntpojftarfitic ofnftjtbephaue, 
 
 Things 
 
440 The Englifli Voyages, M.^RjcLHacfyuyt. 
 
 Things to be caried with you, whereof more or lefle is to bee ca- 
 
 ricd for a-fticw of our commodities to be made. 
 
 KarCejs of all onent colours/peciallp of ftamell,b?oaocloth of on'ent colours alfo. 
 f riwooes .Spotlies/Bjittobi frte^eSjQjyautG) b!ankets 5 13aies of aicciours,rpeciaHp toitb 
 S>tamri,a<I3ojCeQS ) Carcl0,S>aies J ffi3oacmofs,5flan£ls,lKalJ),fc« 
 
 jFelts of oittcrs colours, 
 
 taffeta hats. 
 
 Decpecaps fo? s® ariners coloureo in <g>tameI,b;hereof if ample bent map be founo, it toouli 
 tunte to an infinite commooitie of tlje common poo je people op Knitting. 
 
 ©uiltco caps of ieuant taffeta of oiuers coIours,fr>j the night. 
 
 Knit (rocks of Glke ofojient colours. 
 
 Knit (cocks of 3ier?ie parncof orient colours, luljereof if ample bent might foloto tic pooje 
 multituoe (boulo be fet in toojke, 
 
 Stocks of karGe of oiuers colours foj men anofoj toomen. 
 
 (Darters offilfee of feueraU ktnos,ano of colours oiuers. 
 
 ffiiroles of Knife ano all other leather, toith gilt ano bngilt buckles, fpeciaflp toafie gtroles, 
 toatte givoles of beluet. 
 
 <2pIauesofalIfo?tsktut,anoofleatber, 
 
 ©loues pcrfumco. 
 
 13air.es of all fojts of Glke.tlnceo.anoIeatherjOf all maner of colours. 
 
 Sboocs of Spaniujleacberofoitttracolours,ofDiuersIengtb,cut ano uncut 
 
 Sljooesof other leather. 
 
 <Hcluet (boocs ano pantophles. 
 
 Cijefc fliooco ano pantophles to be Cent this ttmc,rathcr foj a fljclu then fo? anp other caufir. 
 
 Ipurfes anit,ano of leather. 
 
 Nightcaps kntt,ano other. 
 
 a garniO) of petotcr foj a (bcto of abent of that Cnglitb commoOitie,bottles,flagons,(jB0onf $, 
 ?c,oftIjntmcttail. 
 
 (Slaffes of Cngltfh making, 
 
 tLIenicc glades. 
 
 looking glades fojbjomen,great ano faire, 
 
 Small Dials a febi fo?p?oofe,althougb there thep lxnli not bote the ojoer thep Do here. 
 
 Spectacles of the common fojt, 
 
 Others of CbnnaUtrimmea Uncb Clucr.ano otrjerUsife. 
 
 ipobjerglaffes, TJ Combes of bore* 
 
 Combes of Jtto jie. y[ Combe? of faojne, 
 
 Lumen of oiuers fojts, 
 
 i[)anakercbiets bnthltlke of feucrall colours brought, 
 
 (Slajcn cpes to rioe toith againff outf . 
 
 ftitiues in fljeatbs both Gngle ano oouo!e,of gooo eoge. 
 
 Creoles grt at ano finall of euerp kino. 
 
 TputtonB greater ano fmaller 3 bjith moulos of leather ano not of toooo,ano fuch as" benurable 
 of oottble filke.fmo that of funojp colour^. 
 
 TSorcs bJitb tocigbts fo? go!o,ano of euerp kinoof the cotnc of gole,gooo ano bao, to fbebJ that 
 thcpcoplc hctebfe tocight ano mcafure,tohich is a ceminc u;eto of tbifeoom, ano of cettainego 4 
 Hcrnntcnt fetlcahere • -: 
 
 311 the feuecnll Gluer copnes of our Cnglift) monies, to be carico imth pou to be (betoeo to the 
 goucrr.ours at £amhalu,bJbicb is a t^ing that (ball in filencefpeake to iuife nunmoje then pou 
 imagine. , 
 
 locks ano fcepe3,bmges,bolts,ha{!pes,?c.great ano fmall of ercelltnt too?kcmanu)ip,toi&ere« 
 of if bent map be, bereafterbje£balifetourfubiectsinbJO?ke,'tohich pou mutt haue in great re* 
 garo. tfoi in Slicing ample uent of anp thing that i& to be brought in this rcalme,is mojetooojefi 
 to o tit people bcGaes the gaine of the merchantmen Cb?iflchurcl>,Tg uoebieii,the Sauop, ano all 
 the fijofpitalsof (JEnglana. 
 
 For banketti ng on fhipboord perfons of credite. 
 
 F3rS,tfje fwcetc&petftimes to let bnocr hatches to. make p place fteeet againtt their comming 
 aboo?a,if poti arrtue at Cambalu,€iuinrcp,oj in anp fuch gteat cftie,? not nmongSauages, 
 
M . ^Rjch. Haklujt* Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 I 
 
 Hifigsbarrelleo. 
 r 
 
 gparmelaoe. 
 
 &uckct. S"l fifing of tbefutme. 
 
 ComfttgofoiusrgkinD!SmaDeofpurpofebp^tmcbatis(moae]CccHettt,el)atfbaInotBtiroIttf, 
 
 prunes oamafke. I\ ailalnuts. 
 
 Djieopcares. 51 aimonos. 
 
 femainuts. 
 
 fflliues to make tbem talfe their toinr. 
 
 Che apple lohn that nutctb ttoopcerrs tomakefljeto of our fruits, 
 ^ullocke. \ $&acke. 
 
 dials of goob facet toarcrsf.ano catting bottcls of glades to befpjinkle t&e gbelfs tott&all, af* 
 ter their comming aboojb. 
 
 giuget to bfe tottb their toine if thep totll. 
 
 Che ftoeet ople of Zame,ano ctccllcnt jfrencb bincger, aim a fine bints of Uifkct ffiepeb in t&e 
 fame to make a banketting bin), anb a little <§mgar call in it coolethano comfojtetb, anorefre* 
 f&ethibefpiritsofman. 
 
 Cpnamomtoater 
 
 is to be ban tottb pou to make a flicto of bp tafle, anb alfo to romfojt pone 
 fickeintbebopage. 
 
 3nrptriaHtoater 
 
 ZSMth tbefe ana fucb like.pou map banket tobere pou arriue the greater ano beff petfoms. 
 ; b)it(j t be gift of tbefe sparmclnoes in final! bores, o? fmall bials of flu ce t boaters pou map 
 gratifie bptoap of gtft,o? pou map make a merchandise of tbem. 
 
 The Mappe of England and of London. 
 
 'SCake biitb pou tbc tnappe ot England fct out infaire colour^one of tfje btggeK fo;t 31 meant, 
 to make (beb) of pour countrep from tohence pou come. 
 
 9nti alfo tbe large ?pappe of ft, onbon to make (beto of pour ©tie, 9 no let the riuer bebjatorn 
 full of febips of all fa its, to make tbe mo je (beto of pour great trace ano traffike tn trabe of tuec= 
 cbanoije. 
 
 Ortelius bookc of Mappes. 
 31f pou take Ortelius booke of Nappes totth pou to marke all tfjcfe Regions, it toerc not z* 
 miffe : anb if neeo toerr,to pjefent tbe fame to tbe great Can, fo? it tooulo be to a Ipjince of mar* 
 ueilous account* 
 
 The booke of the attire of all Nations. 1 
 
 &ucb a booke carieotoitl; pou ano beffo toco in gift toouto bemuebctteemeo, a03!perftoa&e 
 mpfelfe, 
 
 Bookes. 
 
 3f anp man toil! lenb pou tbe neto \£)erball atro fuel) bookes ag make lbeto of h crbes, plant?, 
 trees,fiibes,feules ann beatts of tbefe regions,it map mucb Delight tbe great Can , anb tbe nobi« 
 litie,ano alfo tbcirmercbants to bauc tbe bieb) of tbem : foj all things in tbefe partes fo mucbj 
 niffering from tbe things of cbofe regions,ftnce tbep map not be here to fee tbem,bp meane of tbe 
 
 biflanccpet to fee tbofc things in aujaDoto,bp this meanetoill Delight them. 
 
 The booke of Rates. 
 
 T9ke toith pou the booke of Kates, to the enoe pou map p jicke all tfjofe eommobttfes rijere 
 fpetificD, tl;at pou (hall chance to fino in Cambalu, in iDuinfep, 0} in anp part of tlje Cafi, 
 tohjecc pou (ball chance to be. 
 
 Parchment. 
 5lob)lcsofTParcOmcnt,fo?t^atbjemapbentmucl)b)tt()OUtburttotl)eKeaIttte, anb it left} 
 tti fmall roume. 
 
 Glcw. 
 Co carte (SIcto/o? that toe haue plentte ann toant bent. 
 
 Red Okei for Painters. 
 
 Co feeke bent becaufe toe haue great mines of it , ano haue no bent, 
 
 Sope of both kindes. 
 
 €otrptobatbmtitmapbaue/o^tljattoetmkeofbothkinDs,anbm8pperhapsmakemo?r. 
 
 Saffron. 
 
 44 1 
 
 
 
442- 
 
 The EngliiK Voyages, M/Rjcb.Hackluyt. 
 
 Saffron. 
 
 Co trp tohat bent pou ma? haut of Saffron, becaufe this realme peelbis the befl of the too?Ib, 
 aim f o j tijc tillage ana ottjec laTjaurjs map fet the poo?e greatlp in toojhe to their rcltcfc, 
 
 Aquauicx. 
 %y netn oeuifes toomierful quantities map be mabe bere,am> therefore to feeke the Dent, 
 
 BlacKe Conies skins. 
 
 ■Co ttp tlje bent at Cambalu,fe? that it lie t b t oto aros the $ o ?t^j,ano fo j that tee abotmb toitti 
 the commooitie,ano map fpare it* 
 
 Threcd ofall colours, 
 Cbe bent thereof map fet our people in too?ke. 
 
 Copper Spurres and Hawkcs bels, 
 •Eo fee tbe bent fo? it map fet our people in too jfee, 
 
 A note and Caueat for the Merchant. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Chat before pou offer pour cormnoDitics to fale, pou fobettour to learne tohat commobitie* the 
 niuntrep there h atlj. jfo? if pou b?ing thither beluet,taffcta,fpice,o? anp (itch commoottie that pou 
 
 pour felfe be Gr e to I abc pourf elf e borne toitb, pou mutt not ft U pours ccarc, lead hereafter pou 
 purrbafc tlj eirs not Co tbeape as pou toculo. 
 
 Seeds for fale. 
 
 Carie toitb pou fo; that purpofe all fo?ts of garb en fctbs,as toell of ftoeete Oratoing Ijerfcs ana 
 of flotocrs,ag alfo of pot herbes ano all fo?ts fo? roots,?c. 
 
 Lead of the firft melting. 
 Lead of the fecond melting of the flags* 
 
 ComaketrialloftbebentofieabofallRinbss. 
 
 Englifh iron,and wier of iron and copper. 
 Co trp the fale of the fame. 
 
 Brimflone. 
 Co trp tlje bent of the fame,becaufe toe abounb toitb it ma« in t&e Sealine. 
 
 Antimonie a Mineral!. 
 Co fee tobetber thep batte anp amplebfe there fo? it, fo? tfjat toe map labe torjofe names of it 
 anb hatte no bfe of it bnlefte it be fo? fome fmall portion in founoingof bcls, o? a ittle that the SU 
 cumiftsbfe : of this pou inaphaue ttoofintesat tlje apothecaries. 
 
 Tinder boxes with Steele,Flint & Matches and Tinder, the Mat- 
 ches to be made of Iuniper to auoid the offence of Brimftonc. 
 
 Co trie ano make the better faleof Ejimftonebp fbetoing thebfe. 
 Canoles of SHare to light. 
 
 A painted Bellowes. 
 jfo? tbat perhaps thep Ijaue not tlje bfe of tbem. 
 
 Apotofcaftiron. 
 Co trp tlje falc,f oi that it is a naturall commoof tie of this ILealme. 
 
 All manerofedgetooles. 
 
 Co be folo there o? to the letfe ciuil people bp the toap tobere pou fhall t ou tb. 
 What I would haue you there to remember. 
 
 Co note fpetiallp tohat ertellent bpingjbep bfe in tbcfe regions, ano therefore to note trjeit 
 garments ano ornaments of houfes : ano to fee tljefr £>ie boufes ano the Materials £ Simple* 
 that thep bfe about the fame,anb to b?tng nutfl crs ano fbetors of the tolours ano of the materials, 
 fo? tljat it map ferue this clothing realmeto great purpofe. 
 
 To take with you for your owne vfe. 
 
 911 maner of engines to take fiQj ano foule. 
 
 To take with you thofc things that be in perfection ofgoodnefle. 
 
 jfo? a«i the goobntffe noto at the firfl map matte pour commooities in crebitc in time to come t 
 fofalfeano&ophifticatecommobities fjjallb?atoepouanoaJlpotircommoDitiejBi into contempt 
 anb ill opinion. 
 
 A letter 
 
Ger. Mercators letters. TrafTiques.,and Diicouenes. 
 
 A letter ofGerardus Mercator, written to M . Richard Hakiuyt of Ox- 
 fordjtouching the intended difcouerie of the Northeaft paflage, An. 1580. 
 
 1 Itersetux(vir humani(fime)i9.Iunij demiim mihi redcJitg fuerunttvehemen- 
 j ter dolui vifis illis tantam, non modoterr.poris, fed muko magis tempeftiute 
 inftruCtionis iadturam factam efl'c . Optaflem ssfrthumm Pet dc quibufdam 
 W non leuibus ante fuunidiiceffum praimonicum fuiffcExpeditiflima fane per 
 Orientem in Cathaium eft nauigatio : & fipe miratus fum, earn fccliciter in r 
 choar.am,defertamfuifle ) velis in Qccidetem cranllatisjpoftquam plus quam 
 dimidiumitinerisveftiiiamnotumhaberent . NampoftlnfulamVaignts, &Noua Zerabla 
 continubingensiequiturSinus.quemaboitu Tabin immanepromontoriumcompleftitur. In 
 hunc medium maxima illabuiuur flumina,qua: vniuerfam Regtonetn Sericam perluentia, vtq; 
 exiftimo,inintimacontinentisvfq;magnisnauigijsperuia,facillimam rationeexhibentquaf- 
 libct merces ex Cataio,Mangi,Mieri,csterilque circumfufis regnis contrahendi, atque in An- 
 gliam deportandi.Canerum cum non temere earn nauigationem intermiflam credercm, opi- 
 nabarablmperacoreRufforum&Mofcouis obftaculumaliquodintcriec"tumfui(fe. Quod ft 
 verocumillius gratia vlterior iliac nauigatio detur,fuaderemprofe6to no primum Tabin pro- 
 montoriuin qu£Etere,atque explorare,fed Sinum bunc atque flumina, in ijfq; portum aliquem 
 commodiliimum.ftationemq; Anglicis Mercatoribus deligere.ex quo deinceps maioreoppor- 
 tunitate^ninoribufquepericulis Tabin promontorium, &totiusCathai circumnauigatio in- 
 dagaripoflet. Efle autemingens in Septentrionemexcurrenspromontonum Tabin, non ex 
 Plinio tantum,verum & alijs fcriptoribus, & tabulis aliquot (licet rudius depicrtis) certum ha- 
 beo. Polum etiam Magnetis haud longe vltra Tabin fitum efiejCertis Magnetis obferuationi- 
 bus didici : circa quem & Tabin plurimosefle fcdpulos,difficilemq; &periculofam nauigatio- 
 nem exittimo:difriciliorennamen ad Cathaium accefTum fore opinor, ea qua nunc via in Oc- 
 cidentem tentatur.Propinquicr enim fiet hefenauigatio polo Magnetis,quam altera, ad quem 
 propiusaccedere non putotutum efle. Quia verb Magnes alium quamMundi polum habet, 
 quo ex omni parte refpkittquo propius ad eum acceditur, eb diretSorium illud Nauticu mag- 
 netis virtute imbutum, magis a Septentrione deuiar,nunc in Occidentem,nunc in Orientem, 
 prout quis vel orientalior,vel occidentalior eft illo MeridianOjqui per vcrumq; polum Ma^ne- 
 tis,& Mundi ducitur.Mirabilis eft ha?c varietas,& qux nauigante plurimiim fallere poteft, nili 
 hanc Magnetis inconflamiamnbrit, &adpolieleuationemperinftrumentafubindere(piciar. 
 Inhac re li non fit iuftru6lus D.ArthuruSjaut ea fit dexteritate,vtdeprehcnfoeirore eum inue- 
 nire&ca(tigarepoirit,timconedeuiasfaciatambages } tempus ilium fallat,& femiperaclo ne- 
 gotio,a gelu praroccupctur : Aiunt enim Sinum ilium fortius quotanniscongelari. Quod ft 
 contingatthoc quod confultiusmihivifumfuit,pipximumilIieritrefugium,vt in eofinu, ijfq; 
 fluminibus qua; dixi,portum qusrat,& per Legatum aliquem^cum magnoCham, nomine Se- 
 reniflimx Reginx notitiatTijamicitianique contrahat: quam opinor Maximo orbis Imperatori 
 gratam.imo gratiffirriam fore propter remotiffima commercia.Opinor ab oftijs Bautifi & Oe- 
 chardifluminummaximorum, vfque adCambaluRegiamfummamChami, non vltrajoo, 
 milliariaGermanica effe,& iter fumendum per EzinamvrbemregniTangut,que 100, tantum 
 milliards Germanicisab oftijs diftarevidetur,&paret MagnoCham. 
 
 Valdcoptaremcognofcere, quamalte communiter exurgat arftus maris in eo Mofcouia: 
 poitu,quem veftri pro ftatione habent,& in alijs verfiis orientem locis vfque ad Tabin ♦ Item, 
 anmaretnhocdiftriflufeniperin'vnampartem^idelicetOrientem^utOccidentemfluatjan 
 verb pro ratione aftuum fluat,& refluatjin medio inquam canali,haeeft, an ibi fex horis in oc- 
 cafum,& iterum fexin ortum fluat,an verb femper in eandem partem: alia: enim fpeculationes 
 non parumvcileshinc dependent. IdemopraremaD. Frobifcero in occidentcm obferuari. 
 Q^odadSinumM*erofro,&Canadam ) acNouamFranciamattiner 3 eainmeistabulisdefump- 
 ta funt ex quadam Tabula marina,que a quodam facerdote ex earum ditionum Naucleri peri- 
 tiffimi Galli defcriptione excerpta fuir, & illuftriflimo Principi Georgio ab Auftria epifcopo 
 Leodienfioblata. Nondubito, quin quantum ad littoruin fitum attinet& poli eleuationem, 
 adveritatemeaquamproximeaccedant, Habebat enim ea tabula piaster fcalamgraduum la- 
 titudes per medium fui extenfam, aliam pmerea particularem NouaeFrancia: littoribus ad- 
 iun6tam,quadeprauaC3:latitudines, occafione erroris Magnetis ibi commiflk, caftigarentur. 
 IacobiCnoyenBufcoducedis itinerarium per omnem Afiam,Affricam,&Septentrioncm, fe- 
 lim mihi Amicus Antucrpia: abalio mutubacceptum communicauit, eo vfus fum, & reddidi : 
 poft multos annos eundem ab amico repetij, & reminifci ille non potuir a quo accepiflet.Gu- 
 lielmiTripolitani&Joannisde piano Carpini fcripta non vidi, tantura excerpta ex illis qua- 
 dam 
 
 Iu*«ns Sinus pod 
 
 Inlulam Vaigats 
 & Nou«h Zem; 
 bum. 
 
 Tabin promote 
 toriumingens, 
 
 QuopropiusaJ 
 polum acceditur, 
 eo direc^orium 
 Naucicum magis 
 a Stptcntrionc 
 dcuiat, 
 
 EautiTus&Oe; 
 cliardus maximal 
 flumina in hunc 
 Sinum illabun- 
 tur, 
 
 Podulata Mcrca-i 
 toris,dequibus 
 ccnior hen cupic. 
 
! 
 
 444- The Engliih Voyages, Ger. Mercators letter. 
 
 daminalijs fcriptis librisinueni.Abilfadai Epitome gaudeo vcrti,vtinamcit6Tiabeamusi 
 
 Hax(miDomine) tuis reipondenda putaui : fi quid eft aliud quod a me de/ideres,libentiffi- 
 me tibi communicabo : hoc vicifiim amancer atua humanitate petens, vc quse ex vtriufq; i>a- 
 uigationis cudu obferuata nancifcipoteris,mihi communices, penes me pro tuo arbitrio ma- 
 nebunt omnia,& quascunque inde co.llegero, fideliter ad te perlcribam, fi forte ad pulcherri- 
 niumjVtiliffimumq; orbs Chrifhano hoc nauigationis inftitutum aliquid opis & confilij adfeire 
 po(Tiat,Beneva!e,virdo6liflimc. DuisburgiinCliuia,28.Iulij I 580. 
 
 Rcdeunte Artkuio,qu3:fo difcas ab illo que optaui,& num alicubi in fuo itinere,dulce mare 
 aut parumfali'uminueneiit: fulpkor enim mare interNoua Zembla,& Tabin dulceefle.' 
 
 T.H.paratilTirnusquantusquantusfurn, 
 
 Cerardus Mercator. 
 
 Dulct mate inter 
 Notiam Zem- 
 blam & Tabin 
 fulpictwc. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 Da 
 
 3d great gulfe 
 isbepana 
 IBat'gBtff, 
 logerrinto 
 
 31r,31 I'tcci'uct) pour Tcttecg the ip.of 3une : ttgrteueD me mud) tljat upon ttje ffgljt of them 
 'the time being fpent,3] coulo not giue an? conucnient inftructions : 31 teiuj Arthur Pec hao 
 bene info?meo before bis Departure of feme fpeciall pcmts.'^he Manage to Cathaio bp the CEaff, 
 is ooutleffc betv eafic ano jbo?t,ana 33 b«te oftentimes marueilea,tj)at being fo happiip begun,tt 
 feath bene left of.ano thecoucfe changco into the ffiHeft, after that mojethenbaife ofpourfcoiage 
 toasDifcouercD. jf 0? beponD the Jflana of Vaigats ano Noua Zeir:bla,there fplotoeth p?efentlp 
 a great 15 ate, tuhich on ttje left Gee is indofea tottlj rhs migbtie p?omonto?ic Tabin. 3jnto the 
 mtashercof there fall great riuers, tohichpafCmgthjouiiJi tijcuibotc couture!) ofSericajanabt' 
 oefceiiD.""" 3 nt £ as a^mfee nauigable initrj great ueffeis into p heart of the continent,map be an eafie mean* 
 toherebptatraffiquefo?a!lmanccofmercljaittii*e, ana tranfpo?t them out of Cathaio, Mangi, 
 Mien.ano other Rtitgooms thereabouts into Cnglano ♦ 3!5ut tonfieering toith mp felfe that that 
 nauigattoit teas not iritermitt£D,bu£ bpon great occaBon, 31 thought that the Cmpero? of ISuffta 
 ano Spofcout? hao hinDcrea the p?oceeaing thereof. 3]f fo be Ujet teub his grace ana fauour a fur* 
 tber nautgation map be maae,3i tooulo cour.fell (hem ccrtainlp not firtJ to feelsc out the pjomon* 
 ^rtjebeircourre tojte Tabin,but to fcarcb this bate ano riuers afa?efapo, ano in them topicne ano chufe out Come 
 wlwSw* conucnient po?t ano !jarbo?ouajh fo? the Cna;isflj merchants, from tohence aftettoaro toith mo?e 
 oppo?tunitie analeifepcrtll,t!je p?omonto?ie Tabin ana alltheccaS of Cathaio map bee oifcoue* 
 rca^na that there is Cucij a huge p?omonto?!e calico Tabinj am certainlp perftoanco not ouelp 
 out of Piinie.but alfo other tuntcrs.ano fomc S^aps (though femetohst ruoeipojaiQen:)ani3 tbat 
 the pole ofthetoaoiJoneisiuotfarrcl'epono Tabin, 31 ijauelearneobpttjecertameobferuationu 
 of the iloaeitone : about U'hith pole ano Tabin 3 thinke there are berp manp rockes, ano berp 
 Ijaro ano cangcrotts failing: ano vet a mo?e Ijaro ano Biffictle paffage 3 tljinke it to bee tl)is toap 
 Mjiclj is nato attempteo bp tbe GLteft-fo? it is necrcr to the pole of tljc ioaoflone,to ttje Uihich 3} 
 tlj:nRe it not fate to apppclj, 3no becaufc tlje JLoaCff one Ijntl; another pole tljeu tljat of the bjojUj, 
 to tljetofjiclj from ail partstt hatlj a refpcct,tbe neerer pou come buto nyhe mo?e tljc neeoleof tlje 
 Compaflc ooetlj barie from tijc 5^o?ttj,fometimps to the ELteu\ano femethncs to tljc €aft,accoj' 
 Ding a^ a man is $0 the Caflbjaro 0? to tije WSXett bearo ^ tljat 3pcrioian, that paffetlj bp both tljc 
 poles of tlje Magnes ana t he World. 
 
 'Chisis aflrange-altetattonanobcrp apt to ceceiuc tije ©ailcr, bnieffefjctfcnoto tljc Dncon« 
 
 ffancie ano ttattstionof tlje Compaffe.ano tahc the equation of tljc pole fomtimcsUiithljisinlTru 4 
 
 meats* 3if matter Arthur be not lucll pjotriceo in this beljalfe, 0? of fuclj serteritie, that percct* 
 
 uing tlje errour he be not able to correct tljc fame,3I feare Icaft in toanoccing by ano botoneljelofe 
 
 bis ttme.anD be ouertafecn toitlj the ice in the mioff of tlje enterp ?ife.5Toj that gulfe,as thep fap,ii» 
 
 frozen ettcrp pere berp Ijaro, ^lljich if it be fo,tlje bed counfel 3 coulo giue fo? tljeir befi fafette, 
 
 tocre to fccUefcmeharbo?ougtj intljat baiCjano tbofe riucrs tohcrcof 3|aue ^0Ren,anij bp feme 
 
 Smbaffaoo? to maRefrienoujip ano acquaintance toitlj the great Can, innameoftlje SdueencsS 
 
 maic ft:c,tohtclj 31 beleeue toill be gratefull to the mightufl Cmperour in tbe too?lo,pea mottej;-- 
 
 cellent fa? tije length of tljc traffique,ano great aiiiance of the places. 3 thinRe from the mcutljc? 
 
 of l e aurirSs U *S fl °^ £i,e m 'S'#P " uers Bautilus 5n0 Oechardus to Cambalu the cljiefett feat of the p?ince the Can, 
 
 oeehKdu! 300. there arc not paa 300. ©ermKue miles,ano to paffe bp Ezina a citie of the ktneroom of Tangut, 
 
 €amuaiu. am toljiclj ^ aHefh ta ^ hllt 1 o°.©crmane miles from t!jc mouttjes of tlje fapa riiter0,ana is fubiect 
 
 tcylje great Can. 
 
 31 laottio glaalp Rnoto hoto Ijigh the fea ooeth flotoe conimonlp in tlje po?t of S^otcouta tofjere 
 pour men do ljarbo?oto,ana in other <£affcclp places bnto Tabin. 3nD alfotohetljcrthe fea in this 
 Creipjljt do flalu aliaaiepotte may to tljc Cattoj Jo c&e «KCleit,oj to!;ettjcr it do ?b&e ano-fioiji) acco?> 
 
 cms 
 
Tet & fackman, Traffiques,<5cDifcoueries. 445 
 
 mngtotbemattccoftljcttOi'EdntljemtQDlcoftOecljanEmjiit is tofdp,uiijctijetutlou) rtjeiefirc ©poiitbeoii* 
 Routes into tbe ffiUeft,anDite map bacfte againe to tlje ^aft, fo? Ijeretipon depenootber fpeculatt- [™ I {j° "S ( , , ! f 
 nn$ of impojtance,3I tooti|& toiftj M,Frobimer to olifectie tbe fame (KITelrtoarDs. Concerning tfje pem> gtrat 
 gulftofMerofroanDCinada.anonetoFrancctoliicIjaremmpmappfS.tljcptoeretakcnoutof , ^ , " ul ' ul( " ,s, • 
 a certame fea caro D?aton bp a certaine pjteCt out of tbe Defcripcion of a jr reucfjman, a Iptlot tarp 
 fhilfull in tljofe partcs.anD p jefentcD to tfje toojtbpp?inee George of Auftria,biu)op of Liege:foi 
 trje trenDingoftbe coatt , ano tbe elcttationof tlje pole, 31 Doubt not but tljep arc berp netrc tbe 
 truetb : fo? tlje Cbartebao,l>ctioe a fcale of Degree?! of latitttDe patting tlj?ougb tlje middeftcf it, 
 anot!)frpiirticularlpanne):etitotbecoaflofNewFrance,toberetoiri) tbe errour of tbe latitudes 
 tominitteo bp rcafon of tbe Variation of tlje cotnpaffc migrjt be corrected, 3Lrje brtto?ie of tbe bop* 
 agCDflacobiisGnoyenBufchoducenfistbjOtigboMtalAfia.Affrica.anOtljej^oJtb.lBagkntmc 
 in timepattbp aftieno of mine at Antwerpe. after 31 Ijao Ufcd it, 31 refold it againe: after ma- 
 np petrcs 3j rcquiccu it againe of mp frieno, but bee Ijao forgotten of inborn bee Ijau bojrotoed it, 
 
 Cbe to jitingB of Gulielmus ■jTripolicanus, ant) Ioanncs de Piano Carpini 31 ncuer fato:onelp 31 
 
 found cectatne pieces of tbcm in otfeer to?itten banc booties^ am glaD tbe ^pitomte of Abilfada 
 tf tranflarcdj toottto toe migbt Ijatte it mojtlp,. 
 
 Cbusmucb&ir 31 tfawgbt good to anf were pour letters t if tfjerebeeanptbingclstljatpott 
 tooulo require of me, 31 toill moll toillinglpcomnmnicate it toitlj pott, crating tbtsliketoife of 
 pourcurteBe^battobatfoeucrobferuationsofbotrjtbefcbopagesfljallcometopourbaittig.poa 
 tooulo impart tbem to me,tljep ftjall all rcmaine toitb mee according to pour Dtfcretton atjD plea* 
 litre, ami tobatfocttcr 31 gatber ot tbem , 3 totll faitbfullp fignifie unto pou bp letters, if bapptlp 
 tljep map peeld anp bclpe oj Iigbt totto tbis molt ejrcellcnt entcrp jife of nautgation,ano molt p?o= 
 fitable to cur cb?it*ian common toealtb. JFare pott toell mott learned frtendi. 3t Duisburgin 
 Cliucland, 28.of3lulie,tbepeere, 1580. 
 
 9t Arthur bis retttrnc 31 p?ap pou learne of bim tlje tbmgs 31 Ijatte requeued, ano toljetljer anp 
 toljrre in bis iioiage.be fouttD tbe fea frclb,oj not uerp fait; foj 31 fuppofe ctje ^eabettoceneNo- 
 ua Zembla and Tabin to be frc0j. 
 
 Yours wholly to my power to becommanded, 
 Gerardus (JttercaUr. 
 
 The difcouerie made by M. Arthur <Pet, and M.Q>arles Iachnan y of 
 
 the Northeaft parts, beyond the Ifland of VaigatT^ with two Barkes: the 
 
 onccalled theG«^-f,thcotherthe^///«w, lntheyeere 1580, 
 
 Written by Hugh Smith. 
 
 pm 'Jpunuap trje 30. of S|jfcrp,toeDepamdfrom Harwich in tbe afterttoone,t&e 3W<> 
 1 toiitde being at &outb,and to tbe Catttoard.'Ebe ebbe being fpettt toe coulo not 
 1 Double tlje pole, andtljcreftyetoereconftraineo to put in againe tmtill tljenert 
 1 Dapintbemomtng,beingtbelattof9@|ap:tobtcbDaptoeetoapeD ottranfcers a* 
 I bout ? .a clotke in tbe morning, tbe toinD being JKEleft foutbtoeft, ®be fame Dap 
 'toepatteo Otfordnefleatan€aft&tmne,annStamfordata(Kilcfl!§)unne J ann 
 Yarmouth at a SSXcO nojtbtoettGmne,anD fa to Winterton, tobere toe did anker al nt'gbtnt toast 
 tbencaIme,anD tbe flooDtoas come, 
 
 ^benertDapbetngtbcfirttof3lune J toefetfailcat3.aclocfeemt()emojm'ng > anDretottrrourfe a" 1 "* 
 5fto?tlj,tbetotnd attbe feotttbtocCanD at !§>outfefoutbtoelI, 
 
 ■Ebe io,capaboutoneoftbecloclieintbcaftemoone,toeeputintoNorwaytoa place to^cre K ««an3naiit! 
 one of tbe beaoianos of tlje founn i$ caHen BbtteL-tfje ot^er beaolano is called MoileXljere is al= ay * 
 foanSiflanocalleD Kene, J^eere 31 did find tbe pole to beeIettatcD<52,iieg,itDoetbflotoetfjece 
 S)otttb,anD it Ijietb 7,0? 8,foote,not aboue, 
 
 %\>t 1 i,DapmrljemomtttgtbetotnDe came to tbe&out^ ano totrjeS)outbeafit tbe fame 
 Dap at fee in tlje afternoone toe fet fatlc,anD bare along tlje watt : it toas uerp fottle toeat^er toit(j 
 Mine ano fogge, 
 
 ^Ijczs.DaptljetoittDbcingatJOeCtoeDttiballtbecoaftCattno^beaCanD^att, ^defame fte*2£h 
 Dapat o\in tlje morning tocDtDDoubIetbeno?tbcape.about3,intbeafternoonetoecpatt Skites f,osumt 
 bearenefle,anoijalD along tbccoafleaCanDCattfoutljeatt, anoall tbefajnenig^ttoee fallen 
 S)outbeafl,anD ^outljeatt bp Call, 
 
 Cbe 2 1 .dap about ? mi tlje morning toe came to Wardhoufe,tbe toind at tbe jaojtbtoett.^be w«<a»«re. 
 tattfeofowcommingintoais to feehetl)e William, tofoolecompanimefotttljetft Dap of t^is 
 
 3f»l) inorietfe 
 
 llii 
 
44? 
 
 3n!j>, 
 
 Willougbbics 
 IahB. 
 
 5o.!ragiif« 
 
 from Kegor, 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Tet <& f ackman. 
 
 monetb,ano to fcno letters: into England. about one of tlje clock m tbe after noone tbe William 
 alfo came into Wardhoufe to Do in goon fafetie,ano all Ijer company in goon [jealtfj. 
 
 Sl;c 34.tl)e toino emm to tlje eattjaoKljeaC. ^fjis dap tfee William teas Ijalo a grottnti, be« 
 caufe Qje teas fometoljat fcake,ano to menu (jet fiterage, SDljis nigbt about i 2.of tbe clocke flje 
 oio bale a flotc againe. 
 
 €lje 25.0a? tbctoino teas atCaffnoitheatt. 
 
 %%Z 2 6,dap the Toby of Harwich departed from Wardhoufe ft? London.Thbmas Greene 
 king nrafier.to tobom toe deliuc reti out letters. 
 
 %iiz 27.oaptIje toind toas at S>outb foutrjeatl^anti tlje a8.alfo. 
 
 %\)t 29 .dap about <5,in tlje afcernoonc,tlje toind came to toe Wltft no?thtoett foi t&e (pace of 
 one boure,anDp?etentIp to tbetfafl againe,am> to toas Satiable all ibe fame nigbt. 
 
 Clje ? o.about lire in tlje mowing , tbetoinde came to Salt fourbeatt 3 and continued fo all the 
 famedap, 
 
 Clje nrtt of 3?ulp about 5 .in tlje afternoone, tlje toind toas at. jfto jtbnoithtocfi: ano about 7, of 
 tlje clocke toe fet faile from Wardhoufe Cafl anobp <g>eutlj. 
 
 'Cbeferono nap about 5 .in tlje mo?ning,tlje toino toas<£att,ano CaQfontheaff,aitD toe did lie 
 to tbe (bo?etoaros.Sno about 1 o.in tlje morning the toino came to !§>out(j foutbeatt, ano toe lain 
 it to tlje Catttoaro t fometime toe lap (£att bp &omb, fbmetime dEatt fottt&eatt, ano fomctbnes 
 Cattbp jaojtlj.about y.intbeaftcnioonetoebaretoitb tlje William, tobo toastoilling togoe 
 toitb Kegor, becauft toe tbougijt Ijer to be out of trie, ano failed oerp ill, xubere toe migljt meno 
 bcr tlcerage:tobereupon matter Pec not toilling to go into Ijarbojouglj fat'o to matter lackman, 
 tbat if Ije tbougijt Ijimfelfe not able to keepe tbe fea, lje (bottle ooe as be thought bett, ano tljat be 
 in tlje meane time tooulo beare toitb Willoughbies lan^fo? tljat it toas a parcel of our Direction, 
 ano tooulo mectebim at Veroue Oftroue.oj Vaigats,ano fo toe fet our ccurfe €attH02t!jcaft,the 
 toinoe being at foutbeatt. 
 
 Che j.oap tbe toinoe at §>outheatttoe founo tlje pole to be cleuated 7o.degrecs,46'.minuts, 
 Che fame nigljt at 1 2.of tbe clocke toe founoeo, but Ijao no grouno.in 1 20. fathonts,bcingfiftp 
 leagues from tbe one Coe bp our reckoning Catt no?tljcafi from Kegor. 
 
 Cbe4.oap all tbe morning toas calmc.^Lljis Dap toe founo tbe pole to be eleuateo 7 1 .Degrees 
 5 8,minutes.£bi8 oap at p.intbe aftetnoone tbe toino at j3o?tljeatt toitlj a gentle gale, toe bald 
 along §>outljeatt bp €&Q. 
 
 fLbe y.oap tlje toino at jflo jtbtoetf.toe Ijalo Sail ano igattbp §>outh:tljis oap toe fato lano,uttt 
 toe coulo not make it.tbe toinD being jQo?tljerlp,fo tljat toe coulo not comeneete to if. 
 
 ^be 6.oap about 2.in tlje afternoonctbe toino atjniojttj nouljtoett, toe baloe Catt foutljeatt 
 toittj a faire ano gentle gale : this oap toe met toitb icz f about <5.in tlje afternoone itbecame 
 calme : toe toitlj faile ano oares latoe it to tbe .tflojtbeafl parc,ljoping tbat toap to cleare Os of it: 
 fo? tljat toap toe did fee the beao part of it, as toe tbougijt. 223bicljoone,about 1 2.of tlje clocke at 
 nigbttoegatecleereofit. SOeoiotbinkeittobeiceofthe bap of Saint Nicholas, but it toa* 
 not,as toe founo aftertoaros. 
 
 Che feuentboap toe met toitb moje ^ct , at tbe Catt part of tlje other pee t toe baloe along 
 a toeatber tlje pee to finoe fomc enoetbereof bp «£afl noubeafl , Cbis oap tljere appeareo moje 
 Ianoifro?th from os being perfect lano : tlje ice toas bettoeenetos ano it, fo tbat toe coulo not 
 come ncerer to iu 
 
 %\)t fame mowing at (ire of tbe clocke toee put into tkice to finoe fome toap tb?oug^ 
 it, tore continued ia it all tbe fame oap ano all tlje nigljt follotoing, tbe toinoe bp tlje jrOoito 
 33o?cbtoett. ^OeetoereconQrained togoemanp pointesof ourcompa(fe,but toe toentmott 
 anCatterlpcourfc. 
 
 Cbc ctgijt oaptljctoiaacatjaoitbnojtbtoen, toe continued our coutfe, and at Sue in tlje 
 mowing toe founded , and bad po. fadoms red Of e, Cbis oap at foure in tbe aftemocne toe fount 
 tied againe, ano Ijao 84. fadoms o?e, as before. 9 1 (ire in t b e after noone toe cleared our felues 
 of tlje ice, and jjalo along foutljeatt bpStoutb; toe founded againe at 10, a clocke at nmijt, 
 and bad 4 5 ,f a tljom fandp o^c« 
 
 %\}t 9. oap at 2, in tlje mo wmg.toe (bandeo againe, and bad 4 5 .fadoms, tben tljere appeared 
 
 a fljadoto of land to os Catt jaoitbeatt,and to toe ran toitb it tbe (pace of 2 , bourcs, and tljen per- 
 
 ceiutng tbat it toas but fogge, toe bald along !§>outbeatt. 
 
 7o.tK3. 3 mht. Cljis oap at 2 .in tbe afternoone toee founded and bad fiftie faooms blacke o;e. Our latt'tnoe 
 
 toas 70. Degrees tb?ee minutes* ^ttetmeaclockeat nigljt toee founded againe, ano Ijao fiftie 
 
 - faooms blacke oje. 
 
 C&e ttntfj oap the toino being at J&itlj noitbtoett, toe baled Catt and bp .^oitb, tobicb coutfe 
 
 we 
 
 2Hng(itnt per 
 feet W11B. 
 
Tet andfackman. Traftiques & Difcoueries, 4^7 
 
 tot ftc,\)ecauln at tenot ti)e clocke ari^enoonetoee cio fee lanD,ano then toe e founocn tjatung 3 y, 
 faoomsblackeoje, 3U tljtaoap tUcre teas a great fooege , fo tbat tote cttrCnot beare toitb tl;e 
 lanDtomakeit.anofotoekeptanouctoarDlp courfe, ^ljtsoapat6\intljeafternoonetoe efptea 
 lano.toberetoitb toe balIeo,anD tben it greto calme : toe fotmoen ano bao 1 2o,f aooms bfacke oje: 
 ano then toe fent out boat a lann to fmmo ano p joue tbe latin, 'Oje fame nigbt toe rame toitb otic 
 (hip toitfjtn an IJflano, tobere toe rooe all tlje fame nigljc. %\}t fame nigljt toee toent into a bap to M „ 3flimD 
 rioeneerethelanofojtoooo ann toater, 
 
 Clje 1 1 .nap erje toino came to tbe ©all foutbeaff : tfife Dap about a league from fc» to tlje Caff- cue main* 
 : toarDS,toefato a berp faire fount! oj tiuer tljat palt Deep farce into tbe count wp toitb 2 ,oj 3 ,ujan- lm0 ' 
 tbes toitlj an 3Wano in tbe miott, 
 
 %\)t 1 2, of Jnlp tbe toino teas Call g>outljeau\ %$A nap about 1 1 , a clocke in tbe momtntr, 
 there came a great toljite bcare ooton to tbe toater fine, ano tooke tbe toater of ijis oton acco jo,toe 
 cbVeohjm toitb our boate, but fo? alltljattoecouloooe, IjegotetoIanDanDcfcapeofrombs, 
 tobere toe namco tbe bap Bearebay.^bis Dap at 7, in tbeafter noonetoe fet fatle/o j toe bao goon Bcareba y- 
 tdpe tbat tbe toinoe tooulo come C0efterlp,at«) toitlj fatle anb oares toe gate tbe fea.ail tfce utgljt 
 it toas calme toitb fogge. 
 
 %\\t ts.DapintbemomingthetoinDtoas^erpbartable toitb fog, anoas it clearcb bptoce 
 met toitb great ffo?e of ice, totjicb at tbe firff ujetoeD like lano, Z.W ice did bs muclj trouble, ano 
 : tlje mo?ebecaufeoftbefog,tobicljcontinueo bnttlltbe i4,Dap,ij,oftbe clocke, 
 Clje 1 4,bap in tbe morning toe toere fo imbapeD toitlj ice,p toe toere conlf ratneo to come out as 
 toe toent tn.toljiclj toas bp great gooo fo?tune,o? ratljer bp tbe gooDnelfe of Q5oo,otljertoife it bao 
 bene rnipoluble.ano at 1 i.of tlje clock toe toece clecre of it, tbe toino being at &outb ana g>outIj 
 i>p aaM, %\fi fame oap toe fottnD tljepole to be eleuateo 70. Degrees,* <5,minutes: toe lap along 70.nrg.26. 
 tbecoaft #0 jtbtoeuVbinking it to be att 3IflanD,bttt finning no enD in rototng fo long, toe fuppo* """• 
 fro it to be tbe manic of Noua Zembla. about 2, in the aficrnoone toe latoe it to tbe s&outbtoato enc rnppntits 
 to Double tbe ice, tobicb toee coulb notooebpon tbat boojoe ,fo tljat toe caff about againe anb lap Suu" Nous 
 <KHeu" along bnoer tbe ice, about fettenintbeafternoonetoegote about tbe greatettpart tljere= 
 of,9bout 1 1, a clock at nigljt toe bjoagbt tbe ice&outbeaftof bs,ano thus toe toere riODeoftbis 
 trouble at tljis time, 
 
 Cbeiy.bapabout j,tntbemoming,tbetoinbtoa!Efat@>outbfoutbtoe(l{toee caffabout ano 
 -laptotheSafftoarosttljetoinne did {Kteffer,fortbat toee lap g>outb loutljtoeff toitb a flatone 
 (beete , anb fo toe ranne all tbe fameuap, about 8, in tbe after noone toe founoeo, ano bao 2 j.fa* 
 *omsfmaIIgrepfann, ®ljis nigbt at ttoelueoftbe clocke toe fotmoeo againe, ano IjaD 29,1$? 
 soms fano,as afoje. 
 
 ^bei6,Dapbnto j.intbemoming toe fjalo along Call <§>outljealI, toljcre toe founn 1 8, fa= 
 loms reb fanb.tben toe IjalD along $0 jtijeatt. 3n tbefe founninga toee bao manp ouerfals.'Ebi? ^ a "P "»«* 
 bapatio^ftbeclocketocmettoitbmojeice.tobicbtoadberp great, fotljattoe couloe not tell Ml9, 
 •tobicbtoap togetcleere ofit. 'Cbentbe toinoe came to tbe §>outb!S>outbeaa,fotbattoelap to tbe 
 315ojtljtoarb)S,CSetbougbttbattoaptoclearcourfeluesofit,buttbattoap toe bao mo?e ice, &- 
 bout d, in tIjeafternoone,tbe toittD came to tbe€a{f, djen toe lap to t!;c gioutbtoarcs tljat toee 
 IjaD 3 o.faDoms blacke o?e. €bis Dap toe founb tbe pole to bee eleuateo '6$ , Deg, 40, minutegj ana 
 tbisnigbtati2.aclocketoebaD4i,fabomsreDfanD, 
 
 €be 1 7.oapat 3,mtlje moming.toe ban 1 2.faDom0,at9.toebaD 8 ( ano 7,alltbi?Daptoeran 
 ^outfj ano &outb bp JUett.at tbebeptlj afo?efat'D,reo fann.being but (balloto toater, 3t et'gbt in 
 tbeafternoone, tbetoinDetoitbaujotoje anotljunbec came to tbe feotttbtoett, anorfjen toee 
 ranne^aff 3I5o?tbeatt, at 1 2, at nigbt it came to tlje g>outlj anb bp €aS, anb all tljfeiuais in tbe 
 tap Of Pechora. f^ po{ 
 
 €bei8.Dapat7,intbemomingtoebaretoitbtbebeablanboftbebap,tobet£toeefounbettoo ' "* 
 31(lanbs. Cbrae are alfo ottetfalis of toater 0? does, Wt toent bettoeen tbe maine anD tbe 3HanD, 
 nert to tbefjeab,tobere toe bab about 2,faDomsano a balfe,(ELtefounD tbepole eleuateo 6p,oeg,i 5 
 wrinutes,^biiSbaptoebaDt!gbtofVaigatz:tbelanboftbe maine of Pechora oio treno s§>outlj= 
 ea8,toebaloeaaroutbealI,anD5ao io.faDoniso^ealltbefameDapbnttll^intbe after noone, Sr^t 
 tjjen being calme.toe ankereb in 1 o.faboms all tbe fame nigbt, 
 
 ■Ebe 19, nap at ttoo in tbe momingtoe fet faile, ano ran <&outb ano ©outb foutbtoeB all tbe 
 famenap at 8,7.ann 6,fanoms,tbis toas offtbe i§>outb part of Vaigatz, tbis part of tbe Iann lietb 
 3ftojtb_ ano !§>outb,^biis oap at 4.U1 tbe afternoone toe founn (Tjalloto toater tbmettme 4,faooms, 
 fometime 3 ♦ ann 2. ano a balfe.ano one faoome ano a balfe t tbere toe ankcren ann fent our boate 
 atoap to founn, ann all to leetoarn toe ban 4.foote ann 3 . foot e,ano 2 .foot,tIjere toas not toater fo? 
 tftc boate bettoeene Vaigatz 5 tlje ottjer Roe : finning no mo je toater,tljere toas no otljer toap but 
 
 j^p a to 
 
Mi 
 
 — — p— wJ—x— mmjm^m ^— MP— — — — . - 
 
 44.8 The Engliih V oyages, Tet and fackjnan. 
 
 to joe backe as toe came ui,foauing the tomo j$oitbu)cft,fo at ttoclue at night toe ui mu. 
 ©he lo.nap toeplteu to the 5fro?tbtoaros,anp got ueepe toater agame tf.anu 7.fauoms, 
 ©be 21, oaf tbetoira>cbptbe|2oitbtoett, toe halo along the eoaft jaoitlj ano j^ojttlj no?tlj= 
 tec ft, toe ban 8 ,anu 9 ,anu 1 o. fauoms. 
 
 %]$ 22.ua? tbeteinue came to the Soutbtoeff, toee barealong the eoaftof Vaygatz.astoce 
 fauna it to lie 5f5o?t^ aim bp <LOcft , anujfrojtbnoitbtoeft, anoiaojth. ©fcetoinue bletoeuerp 
 «n3fiatujba. mucbtoith great fbgge, toe lackingtoater anu ttooobaretoitbinan aflanu toberetoeefeunoe 
 »wds »>«« ® m Co ? eof toootl anD mater , there tocretbjee 0? foure gooulp founus. JUnuer ttoo pctnts ihcre 
 ' toasactolTefet^anijamanbttrieBattbefooteoftt.tJpontbefatDcroneapafferPetijtDgraue 
 vj!3nametoicrjtrjeDateofourI.oiDe,aniiltketoifeto x ionaftoneatt[jefooteoftbe crofle, arm to 
 DiD a alfo.to the cno that if tbe William tin chaunce to cometbitber,tbep might rjaue knotoleoge 
 that toee haobeene there, at eight in tbe afternoone the toinue came to tbe jftojtbnoitbtocft.toe 
 fet fatle anu turncu out of tbe 15ap. ©be fame night tbe toinue came to the Witft, fo tbac tote 
 lapjftojtb along the lanu, 
 ©be 23.ua? at mte in the morning, tbe toinu C8metotbeSouihtocfl,a Sea boojutoefatoea 
 6,mtiaua>g. great number of faite3lflanus,to tbe number offirc : afeabooio of tlj cfe a Hmm? ,tber c aremanp 
 great ouerfalMS great ftreames oi tines : toe halue j3oitbeatt anu «Eatt nojtvjeaft as the lanoe 
 Bio trenu. St eight afojtnoonc tbe toinue came to tbe Southeaft tottb bcrp much lutnr ,raine ana 
 fogge , anu Uerp great fto?e of ice a feaboojoe: fo toe lap to tbe Soutbtoeft to attaine to one of tbe 
 3lu*anus to harbour us if tbe toeather Bin fo t rtremelp centiuue,ano to take in our boate.thin&ing 
 itmectefotoooe, anonGttototoeherm fuel) Uieatrjer ♦ about ttoelueof tbeclocke it became 
 uerp ealme upon the fttuuen , anu came up to the ZSXttt jao?tbtoeft , anu jftojtbtoetf bp JKCteff, 
 anu tben toe tooke in our boate , anu this cone, tbcre came no tone fo much toinoe, a? tee totre not 
 able to tteere afoje it,toitlj coife anu bonnets of eacb,toe halo South toith tbe Ianu,fo? lb the lana 
 uio trcuu. ©bis uap all tije aft entoonc toe faileo Unoer a great lanu of ice,toc fa:lcu bcttoeene tbe 
 lanu anu it, being not able to erouc it. about ttoclue at nigbt toe founu tfce tec to Creech into tfce 
 lanu, ttjac toe coulo not get cltare to tbe^afttoam, fo toe latue it to the ftjoje, anu tbcre toe fotmue 
 it cleare barn aboojo tbe flio?e,anu toe f ounu alfo a bcrp faire 3lHanu tobtcb makes a uerp gooo bar « 
 bour, anu toitbin are 1 s.fauoms, 
 am aim* to ©his Jflanuisto p^afttoarusofVaigatz^.o? 5 Jcagttcss.'Crjt^ lane oft^e mainc not^ trettD 
 v.f «x rtof Soutbeatt,aOTg>outbtaBbp€att.3tisnuetpfatretoatt,anuetttnanu plaine, anu net full of 
 j.iwgi'ws! 1 mountatnesnoj rocks : poubauebutujalloto toaterof tf.oj 7,faocms, about a leaguefrom the 
 iboie , all this morning toe halleo €att fotttbeafl. ©rjis fap toe founu the pele to be eleuattu 69. 
 Degrees 14, minutes. about 12. aclocke toe toereconflraineu to put into the ice tofeeke fome 
 toap to get to tbe jaojtfjtoarDS of it, hoping to bauc fome cleare paffage tljat toap, but tb :re toast 
 nothing but toboie ice. about nine in tije afternoone toe rjati figtjt of tfce William, anu toUn tote 
 fatoe ber,t^ere toas a great lanu of tee bcttoeene her anu us, fo that toe coulu not come cne to tfce 
 other, but as toe came nccre to hectoe founueu our trumpet anu fbot off ttoo muf kcts,ano flje put 
 out fjer flag Upon berfoietopmafle in to^ken that (he uio fee us : all tljis time toee uio ftojten one 
 failcs,ano tociutoithourfo?cfaile$mMnetopraiIe,feeking the bett toap though theb?oktnice, 
 Ibe making atoap the beflthat the coulo to folloto Us, toe put out our flagge toanftocre ber again 
 tottlj tbe like : thus toee conttnucu all the afternoone till about 1 2^ clocke at nigbt , anu then lue 
 maareoottr u)ip to apiece of tee to tartefo? the William, 
 cue wiiibm ©be^5.Bapabotte6ttfinthemowing,tl)e William tame to us, being both glau of ottr mte* 
 auo tut George tnlSt ^,j )£ William ban her flerne peft b?okcn,tbat the ruouer uio bang clean belioeg the tterneXo 
 mttu a B miw. rtat t j )C cml0 {n m toife p 0?t &er beime.toith all banus fije uiu lighten ber Heme, anu trimme bet 
 beau,ano toljen toe hau b?ougbt her fo^toatu all that toe coulo , toee bjougbt a cable unuer hec 
 flerne,anu tottb our capflaine uiu tointi up her Ceme,anu fo toemaue it as toel as t^e place toouln 
 gittcus leaue , ano in the enue toee brought hertoHecreagaine. CEleeacknotolcngc this our 
 meeting to be a great benefit e of <&ou foi our mutuall comfo? t , anu lb gatte his maieitie thanks 
 foj it. ail the night after toe tooke our reft being mace fall Upon a piece of ice : tije tointe teas at 
 ©Kelt jftojtbtoett , but toee toere fo tnclofeu totth ice that toe coulue not telltobicb toap to pslfe. 
 aminoes toee hauehau attoill.but ice anu fogge too much againft ourtoiUeu, if itljauplcate* 
 the Io?u o3ou othertoife. 
 
 ©he2(5.uapthetoinutoasat22Jeft5!5oitb»Jellttoefetfailetothe jQoitbtoatues.to feeke if 
 toecouloftnneanptoapciearetopau"etotbe(£aatoarn,butthefurthertoetoent that toap, tbe 
 moie anu thicker toas the ice, fo that toee coulue goe no further. So about foure in the afternoon 
 toe toere conftraineo to moareupon another piece of tce.J tbinke toe fatleuin all a league t&io to?, 
 hcretoe&au ij,fauomsoje, anu^isofe (saUtbecyanclloucr, ail the fame uaj after foure of 
 
 tbe 
 
 
I 1 ' 1 
 
 Tetand facfynan. Traffiques,&Difcoueries. 449 
 
 tljeclocke, anDailtljenigbttoettrrteo tbere, being toitbout ail gooD Ijope, but ratljer iiioe= 
 fpaire, ffi|i'S Dap Smaller Iugmanoio fee (ana (Sail jf5o?tUeatt from bs, as IjeDto tljinke, tobe* 
 tbent lucre lano o? no, 3i cannot tell tocU, but tc luas Dcrp like Line, but tljefogges Ijauemanp 
 times DeceiueBbs. 
 
 . *S,^ »7»Dap eljeluitwjc toajsat jftojtljtoett. 'SHjte Dap at nine m ttje mo^ntngtuc Cet Taile to 
 jfeeke tbe fljoje. jFurtljer into tlje tee toe couia not goe ,ana at feuen in tlje afternoone toe, moarea 
 Kapieceoficc , ana tbe William toitb bs, bereweljaa i^fatljomsoje, St tljjee itft.be after- 
 noone toe toarpt from one ice to anot ber.at nine in tlje afternoone trie moareD againe to a pie ce of 
 ice bntill tlje nert bap t an rljis nigljt it did fnoto toitb mucb toimj,being at Stlett jftojtbtoca,auD 
 at Jt5o?ti)tUE tt,ano bp (KJett. 
 
 ■Sllje 2 8.Dap tlje toinoe came to tlje S>otttbtoeff , ana g>outbfoutbtoeft : tljis Dap toajs a bcrp 
 faireBap, at one in tbe afternoone matter Pet anD matter Iackman Dio conferre together tobat 
 majs befl to be Done conuoecing tljat tlje toinoes toere goon fo? bs, anD toe not able to patte fo? itt, 
 tjjep Dio agree to fee-he to tbe lano againe, anD fo to Vaygatz,ano tljere to confetre further, at ; ♦ %%& rant i«. 
 in tbe afternoone toe.otb tnarpe from one piece of ice to anotljer to get from tbem if it lu ere poltt* 
 bit i tjere toere pieces of ice fo great, tljat me coula not fee bepona tljmt out of tlje toppe. € bus 
 toe toarpeo until 9, in toe afternoone, ano tijen toe monreo botb our fljippes to a great anD Ijigb 
 $kce of tce.bntill tbe itert mo?ning, 
 
 ^benineana ttoentieoap tbetotnDecameto tljc©ouibtoett,toeefetfaifeatfitie intbemo?* 
 ning to plie into tbe fljo?e if it toere pofftble , toe mace manp tttrnes among tlje ice to fmall pur* «&f awm 
 fate, fo? toritb tbe toinoe Doetlj tbe currant runne^bis oap bp miffo?tune apiece of ice Qroke JJS* 1 ' 
 of ourgrecpe afa?e at ttoo afojenoone , pet to ? all tbts toe turncn to Doe our bett. Cbe William 
 bceingincumbereD tBitljice, anD perceiuiiigtbatfljeeDiDlitle goon, tooke inallljer failes, ana 
 maaeljcrfdfefatltoapiece of ice, ano about fottre in tbe afternoone fijefet faile tofollotoe bs. 
 aOeiaereafraiDc tljat njeeljaD taken fbmebutt,butlbetoastoell,atfeuenafo?enoonetoetoohe 
 in all our failes to tariefo? tlje William.anDmaDeourftjippe fafitoapiece of tee: tlje William 
 fcefo?e flje came to bs tooke inallberfailes , ano moareD to another piece of ice, ano tljua toe con* 
 jtinucD bntill tlje ncrtmojning, 
 
 %t)t 3 o.Dap tlje toinoe at S>otttbeatt,anD bp g>outb,ano at p.in tbe morning toe fct faile, ana 
 fooner tooulo rjatte Done if p William baD bene bp bs,but toe b:d tatp fo? x)et to knoto tobetber all 
 tons tocll tuitlj bet : lout as (bone as toe maoe faile, flje DiD tbe like, ail tljt's Dap tocc Dio our befit 
 tofeekeourtoapastbeiceuioulagiue bs Ieaue,fometimetoe IapS>outb,fometime2Itctt,ana 
 fometime Catt, anatbus toecontitmeo butillcigbt at nigbt,ano tljen being caJme, toee maaeouc 
 fijipfatttoapiece oficejanatoenttofiroper-Intbemeanetimetbetoinotoitb a faire gentle gale 
 came bp to tbe Call, ano Caft ana bp S>outb , but tbere came Dotone a fljotojc of rainc tottlj it, 
 tobiclj cantintteD tlje fpace of one \)mm$®\)id) being Done, it became calme againe, fo tbattoee 
 totilD Doe no gooo all tljat m'gfjtjbut tookcour refl bntill tlje nert Dap, 
 
 i&ijc 1 i.tbctoinoe being at S>outljtoett,toe fet faile to turneto toinDctoara attbjee a clock in 
 tbe morning. 3jn tbts turning toe DiD Utle gcoo, fo? tlje currant tooulo not giue bs leaue, jfo? as 
 tbe toinoe is, fo is tbe currant. Site DiD our beff bntill tenyof tbe clocke, anD then percciuisig tljat 
 toe bid no gooo, ano being inclofeo tottlj ice,toee maDe our fljips fall to a pie ce of ice : ail tbts Dap 
 tlje William lap fiill,anD Did as muclj gooD as toe tljat DiD labour all tlje fo?xnooue.3Dljus toe took 
 our rett all tbe fame Dap. • 
 
 3n tbeafternoone toe fetfaile.tlje toinae being at feoutb 9 bp <£att,toe lap to tbe cKHefftoaras, 
 as gioutbtoett ana sgjoutbtoett anD jbp <<)Outb, ana.fometime to tbe dtetttoarD as toee migbr* 
 ^bus toe continueo bntilp.at ttisbtjana^tben toe couId go no furtber fo j ice: fo toe toitlj tlje Wil- 
 liam toere conttraineo to make our ujip fait to a piece of ice al tbe fame nigbt^ljis Dap toe fo unD 
 tbepoIeeleuateDtfp.Dcgrees2o.minwKpi,anDbetetoe^aDi7.fatbomsjo?e. 
 
 ®befitttDapofattgtt(ltoasbe^ie,.calmeintbemojning, tbe toinbe beeing at KKett stuj«(t 
 JQojtbtoett. about ttocltte tbe toinoe came to tbe &Heft r anD continueo fo all tbe fame mgijt 
 tottb great fogge. ; . ;■•;;".', .• ■ ■ .-,' , V-' 
 
 %\jt fecono Dap tbe toiuDe toas at feoutbtoeff all iap tottb rapnc .ana fogge ♦• 9ti tbisi aap 
 toee toere inclofeo toitb itz 3 to tbat toe toere fo?cea to Ipe ttill. l&ere toe bao one ana ttoentie fa= 
 tboms o?e,$t fire in tbeafternoone tlje toinae toas at WMb toitb berp mucb foule toeatber , ana 
 & continuea all tbe fame nigbt, 
 
 ^be tbita Dap tbe toinae toas at ©aefi.ana SSJeff b^ jao?tb,ana ffillefl j^o?tbtoetf,tbiSDap toe 
 lap ttill inclofea toitb fte, tlje toeatber beeing Dacke toitb fogge: tbus abiaing tbe Ho)*? leafure, 
 toe contimieD toitb pattence.anD founDing toe fouua 2 1 .fatboms. 
 ^befourtljaaptoe lap ttill inclofea toitb ice,tbetoiitDe being at WXt& |2o#jtoctt,tbtS ice 
 
 pp 3 aia 
 

 4.50 The Englifti Voyages, y« (srfackrnan. 
 
 tioeuetpDaptncreafetopontoS, pec putting our mitt in (Sod, toebopeotobeoeluureDoutof it 
 tngooDtime, 
 
 Cbe fift Dap all the moaning it raincu tottljUcrp mtttlj toino, being at &>outb <§>outhea&: 
 about 5 , in tbe after noone toe Tec faple, ano p jefentlp it became calme fo j tbe fpate of one boure, 
 then tbe toino came to tbe J5o?tb ji5o?tbeatt,ano bere toe hao ? 3 .fathoms : 1(3110 toe maoe toap a' 
 mong tbe pee <§>outhtoefi,anD ^outbfoutbtoe&,$ duett ,as toe migbt tmoe our toap fo? tbe fpate 
 
 nmou iam> of 3, houres x then toe met tottb a tohole lano of pce.fo that toe coulD go no further: bere toe moa« 
 
 of pce - red ourfljip to tart'c fo? a further opening, ©ere toefouno 45,fatboms o^e, ami all the night toas 
 
 tocrp Darke toitb fogge, 
 
 Che firt Dap Ijautng no opening of tbe pce toee lap tt ill , tbe toinDe being at <IUeu\aitt> JJDtett 
 bp §>outlj : here toe ban Gjctp tb?ee fathoms of e : all the fame nigbt tlje toinoe teas at tbe (BH en 
 jao?thtoctt, 
 
 Che 7, Dap tbe toinDe toas at ffiHett, ano (MM ann bp jao?tlj aH Dap , 9no all thus Dap toe lap 
 ffill being inclofeo toitb pce, tljat toe coulo not Qirre,labouring onelp to Defcno the pce as it came 
 upon tos. Ipere toe ban 68,fatljoms o?e, 
 
 Che 8, Dap toas bcrp faire $ calme but foggp, Cljis Dap totoaros nigbt there toas litle toinDe 
 bp the 5§>outb ^outbtoett: then t't e pce began a litle to open,anD bere toe ban 7o,fathoms ojsc; all 
 tbe nigbt toas foggp, 
 Cbe 9.oap tbe toimje toas at.lf3o?thtoefi, anobpiKEleff,allthe afternoone toe lap flifl becattfe 
 
 mil'* 8r ' 4 ' °^ e pce, tohicb Din Hill inclofe toss, 'iZLijis Dap toe founo tbe pole eleuateo fcuentp Degrees, 4, «# 
 nutes.toebao 63 •fathoms 05c : this nigbt toas a toerp fapjte night , but it frcc=fCD : in tbe moaning 
 
 X roir. \o e {,35 Dtucb aooe to goe through tbe famerano toe luere in Doubt that if it fljoulo baue ftec?eD fo 
 
 mt appw mttch trjcniciljt follototng.toe (ljoulo Ijawlp Ijaue paffeo out of it, Cfois nigbt there toas one Bar 
 
 tni 8 or the that appeared to us. 
 
 ofrouittc 8 "' ^ tenth nap tbe toinoetoas at£att$3o?theafttoitbaberpfmaUgalc. £2Jce toitb faile anD 
 oaresmaoetoap through the pce : about fiue in the morning toe fet faile tfomecime toee lapc 
 ^ottthtoeff , ano fometime s&otitb , anD fomctime Z&e& , as tocemightbefffinoe tlje toap, 9- 
 bout th?ec in tbe afternoone the gale began to frefij 5 about fire in tlje afternoone the toinoe toast 
 
 s^ncD fnsto. at 59o?tbeaff toitb fogge . ©ere toe bao eightp eigljt fatljoms : toe bare faile all tbe fame night, 
 anD it fnotoeOtoerp much. 
 
 Che eleuentb Dap toetoeremucb trouble-D toitb pec, anD bp great fo?re toe maoe our toap 
 tbjougb it, tohicbtoe thought a thing impcffiblct but ertremttpDoth caufe men to Doe much, ano 
 mthetoeafeeneffeof manoSoosflrengtbmoffappearetb. Chisoap toe ban ?y. fathoms. 8t 
 th?ce tntbe afternoone the toinDe came to tlje ^outhtoeff , toe toere fo?eeo to mafee our ftjippe fall 
 to a piece of pce , fo ? toe toere inclofco toitb « > anD tarieD the io jdcs leafure , "fthisi nigljt toe 
 ba097,fatboms, 
 
 'ULije 1 2 ,Dap tbe toinD toas at the Soutbeaff not bcrp much but in a maner calme t at a 1 r , of 
 tlje clocbctbetoinDe came to the aBeff&onthtoeft: all theoaptoasberp Darke toitlj fnotoe ano 
 - fogge,9t 6 t in the afternoone toe fet faile tlje toinoe being at tlje jQojtbl^ojtbeattjalltbisntght 
 toe bare atoap feoutbtoeU, anD ^outbfotttbtoef(,as toellano as neere as the pce tooulD giue bs 
 leaue i all this nigbt toe founo tbe pce fometohat fauourable to tog, mojethen it toas before, tobet= 
 upon toe UooD m gooD bope to get out of it. 
 
 %l)e 1 3 jap at 7.in the moming.tbe totnDe toas at tbe 33o?tljeatt,anD jaejtfjcad anD bp €alfc 
 allthisDaptoe toere mucbtroubleo toitlj the pce,fo?tottlj a bloto againftapicceof pcetoe b?ake 
 tbe ftoche of our ancre,an& manp otljer great blotoes toe baD againfl the pce, that it toas maruei-- 
 lous that the fljip toas able to abtoe tljem: tbe Coe of our boate toajs b jonen toitlj our (bip tobich Dio 
 reculebacke,tbebbate being bettoirta^rcat piece ofpee, stirs tbe ujt'p, ano it periujeo the beao of 
 our ruDDer, %W Dap toas a toerp barb tap toitb bs : at night toe founo muclj b?ohen pce , ann all 
 
 ffittatnoie tbts night itbletoetoetp mncb toinDe,fb tbattoe lap in Djtft- toitlj tlje pce,t? our onfc toas; &outh, 
 
 sffnotot. fo? tlje toinoe toas at iftojtbalJtbisnigbtjantitotljaDgreifitffojeoffnotoe, 
 
 Che 1 4. Dap in the morning toee maoe our flnppe .faff to a piece of pce , anD let bet Djitie 
 toitb it. 3inthe meane time toeemenoeD our boate anDourffeerage: ail tljisDap tbe toiuDecon-- 
 ttnueD Bojtherlp , anD here toee han thjeefcojeanD rtoo fathoms . Chus toee lap a Dn'ft all tbe 
 fame nigbt. 
 
 Che i j . Dap toe ft t faile at <5, in tbe mojning, tlje toinoe being at J2o jtljeaff, 9t p.afo?enoon 
 toe entreo into acleare^seatoitbout pce, tobefeof toee toere moft glao, ano not toithout great 
 taufe, anegaueOoD thepjaife, WLt baD ip.fatboms toater , anDranncin&outhtoett all the 
 mojntng tontill toe came 1014. fathoms, anD tbence toe halleo ?!2leff,til toe came to 1 o.f atboms, 
 anotljentoetoem|5o?tbtoeff,&?fotfjeIanDDoethtrenD. Sic ia.of tlje clocke toe bao fight of 
 
 tbe 
 
Tetand Iackman. Traffiques,&Difcoueries. 
 
 4-* 1 
 
 tbe UnD,toljicb toe e might bauc IjaD fooner , but it toa» Dacke ano foggte all tbe fame Dap : f o? 
 tobentoeebao fight of the lanoc, toee toere not paffingthjeeleaguea from it. CbtsoaptocbaD 
 tbe pole cleuateD 6pbcgrecj3 49 minutes, ailoaptocranalongtbe eoattin ten ano nine faooms, 
 pepereofano. 31t is a berpgooolpcoatt ano a boloe, anofaire fbunoings offit,toitbout fanoes 
 0; rocks. 
 
 Che ieoaptljetointictoasatCaff: tfjis Dap toe tocrc troublcn againe U)it|j ice, but toe mace 
 great flnft toitlj it : fo? toe gotte bettoeene tbe ujoare and it. Cbis Dap at ttoelue of trjc clocke 
 rot toere thtoart of the iiioutheaff part of Vaigats, all along tohich part there teas great ftoje of 
 pce,fo that toe tf ood inooubt of paffage,pet bp much aooe toe got bcttoirt the (boare ano it : about 
 din the aftemoone toas founoa great tohite bearebponaptece of itt: all tbisoapintbe after* 
 ncone it toas Darke toitlj fogge , 3no all the nigbt toe baleo jftojth anD Jftojth bp <W3eff,ano fome« 
 time teojtb ano bp Caff ,fo j fo Doth tbelano treno. 
 
 Che 1 7 oap in tbe moaning tot baleD <Htett,fo? fo Doth the lanD lie,Cbe toinD toas at South' 
 eaff ,ai«> it toas bcrp oatfee toitlj fogge,anD in running along the ujoare toe fell a grounD.but <i5od 
 be pjatfeotoithaut butt, fo? toee came pjefentlp off againc 'SDljc William came to an anker to 
 flap io} bs,ano fent fome of their men to Ijelp bs, but before the? came toe toere bnoer faile, ano 
 as toe came to tlje William toe did ffotoe our boates,anD maoe faile, toe toent toitbin fome of tlje 
 31danDS,anD baleo saMfoutfjtoett. 
 
 . about ttoo of tlje cloche iu tlje afternoone.toe fet our courfe Sicutljtoeff anD b^ <§>outlj:fo toe 
 ranne S>outljtoeffbntill ttoelue at ntgljt,tlje toino came to tlje jBJjthnojtheaff, anD iljentoe ha* 
 IcQKIcff. 
 
 Cbe 1 8 oap at 6 in tlje mommgtoeljao 1 tffaooms reo fano ; at 6 in tbe morning 1 3 faDoms. 
 9t ic,i4faDcms,anDtoelja!cD caefinojtbtoeff. 3t 12 a clocke tbe toinoecamcto the Caff, 
 anDeaftbp&outb,toebaleD£aeffanDbpj3o?tballtbefame Dap ano nigljt. 3t6 wtbc after* 
 noonetoe hao 17 faDomsreDfanD, 
 
 Che ipoap tlje toino toasat€attno?theafli at;<5 intlje mojntngtoee IjaD 19 fathoms reo 
 fanD : at 1 2 of tlje clocke tlje toinD bleto j/2o;tb ano toitlj bp Caff, toe baD 1 7 faooms of mater* 
 atjintljeafrernooneiy, li i- 
 
 Che 20 Dap tbe toinD toas at 3i5o?tljeaff, anD jSojtbnojthcaff: at 7 in tbemomingtoehan 
 3 o faoomes blackeoje : at ttoelue of tlje clocke toe toere upon the fuooaine in ujoale toater , a- 
 mong great fanos,anD coulo fino no toap out.TSp foutiDing ano feeking about,toe came agrouno, 
 anD fo Dto tlje William, but toe hao no burtjfo? the toino toas off tbe ujoare , anD tlje fame nigljt 
 it toas calme: all nigljt toe did our beff,but toe coulo not baueheraflote, Cljcfe ujoalesooe lie 
 offColgoycue : itisberp flat a great toap off, ano it Doth not high aboue 2 01 3 foote toater: it 
 flotoetb Jfto?tbeaff,ano &outbtoe6, 
 
 Che 21 Dap thetoitiDtoasat Southtoeff, ano being berpfaire toeatljer toe did lighten our 
 ujipsasmucljastoaspoffiblefo^bstoDocbp reafon of tbe place. Che fame big!) toater,bp the 
 Ijelp e of <SoD,toe got both a floatc,ano tbe toino being at tlje £>outljtoe8 OiD help OS, fo; it caufce 
 it to floto the mo?e toater. 
 
 Cbis oap toe founo thepole to be riettateo 68 Degrees 40 min, 31n tlje afternooue toe botlj fet 
 faileto feeke toap to get out of tbete fanos,our boate a hcao founDinkbauing 6,7, ano 8 faoomes 
 alltoithintbefanDtoljicbtoagtoithoutbjf* ja3ebaretotheS>outljtoatD, ano the William bare 
 mo je to tlje CaQtoaros, anc nigbt being at bano the toino came to the &outbeaff,tohcreupon toe 
 lapo it to the &outhtoaros,Iping s§)outljtoelr,anD &outlj ano bp JKUeff,ano ran to 1 p,ano 1 2 ano 
 j 4 faooms, ano pjefentlp toe hao hut fire faooms,tobich toas off the fanos beao,tohich toe toere a 
 gtouno opon the oap before. 3Hjen toe caff about to the Cafttoatos fo; oeeue toater, tuljtdj toe 
 p?efentlp Ijao.as 10, 1 y,anD 20 ano fo to 2 3 faooms. 
 
 • <Ehe 2 2 oap at 8 in the moming,toe caff about to the &outl)toarB,anOthis oap in tlje morning 
 toefato the William bnoer ourlce as far as toe coulo feehecano toitha great fogge toe loff the 
 Cgljtof^er, ano fince toe Ijaue not feene hec 'Chttf toe ranne till toe came to tbictie faoomes 
 blackeo?e,tohich toe Ijao at ttoelue of the clocke, ano attbjeeintbeafternoonetoe haottoentp 
 ano thjeefaocms, ano then toe ranne sateffnojtljtoeff, ano CBeffbp 39o;tb, all tlje Ourte night 
 felldtomg. I 
 
 €he2 3Daptoehaoat(5iittljemoming 27faDoms, at8aclocke28 faooms : at 9 tlje luinoe 
 ieirigat CaBfoutljeaff,toe haleD £aeflnojtljtocff t tljis oap toeljao figljt of the lano of Hugri (toe, 
 9t ttoelue of the clocke toe hao tbirtp ttoo faooms fano.CbtS oap toe ranne Z&cQ anD bp J2o?th, 
 ano came to fiue faooms off tlje bap of Morzouets, 'Sben toe lapo it to the pojtljtoatos, fo that 
 toelap^ jT2o;thnojtbeaff off. HLht toino after came to the J5o;th , ano 3fro?tb bp €aff,ano toe lap 
 «Eall ano Caff bp j3ojtb,then toe lapo it to the 22Mtoaro againe : ano tljus toe lap till toe came 
 
 to 
 
 69DfgreP8 49 
 mmut(». 
 
 ?TI)cp are 
 tjjioacta. 
 
 galnll Vai- 
 gats, 
 
 §ante. 
 
 ■lye^nanD*, 
 
 gifioalesoS 
 Colgoyeue. 
 
 -grijep loft t&a 
 William Jjtir. 
 
 ^rtitlantiof 
 
 Hug 7 . 
 
 ■3i|)e bap of 
 
 Morxotisct. 
 
The totoiie ot 
 
 Hungon. 
 
 tUejaojtH 
 <H»pt ih tpcic 
 retnsite. 
 
 4.5* The Englifh Voyages, Tet &fackman. 
 
 tofojtiefaDoms, anD tljentoe toent jSo^tbtoettrill toce came to fourteene faooms, aiiD fo to 
 tcnne faooms. -BttjEtt i»e cafi about to tbe ^EaflvuatD? ano Jap (Eatf, ano f$ntt bp jSojtlj all tbe 
 famenigbt, 
 
 'SDlje 24 cap at 8 in tbe mo?ning toe Ijao 3 2 faooms, <Hte ran jQojt&tocii tifltoe came to 1 1 
 faDoms,tben we lap to tlje jftojtbtoatos till 1 2 at nigljt, ano tljcn toe came to foitp faooms, tfcen 
 tlje toino at f!2o?tljeal! toe lap to tlje a2Mtoaros,ano IjaleD J2o;iibtoett along, 
 
 %l)t 2 5 at 4 in tlje morning toe bao 3 7 faooms, toee ranne j$o jtljtoett, tlje toinoe at jaojtb/ 
 nojtbeaQberpmucfj. 
 
 Clje 26 oap toe ran toitb tlje fame ttinDe,ano fount) tlje pole to be tleuatcD 70 ocg.40 mm, 
 
 i&\)e 2 7 at 7 in tlje morning toe fato Iano,tobiclj toe maDe to be Kegor, tben toe Ijalco jJ2ottr> 
 toeff, ano jf5o?tlj bp 82M to Double tbe j!2o?tb Cape. 
 
 ®lje 2 8 oap at 3 in tbe morning toe ran jQd jtbtoeff,anD fo all Dap, 9t nigljt tlje toino came to 
 tlje &outbtoeu\anD toe ran jJ2o?tljtoe&' all tljat nigljt, 
 
 Cbe 29 Dap toe put into a founo calleo Tane,ano tlje totone is calico Hungon : toe came to an 
 ancre at 5 in tbe af ternoone, at 2 5 faooms berp fatre fano, Cljis founo is berp large ano gooo, 
 ano tlje fame nigljt toe got toater aboojo, 
 
 ?[be 30 Dapintlje morning tlje toinoe at jaojtbeafi, ano butlttle, toe fet fade, anD toitlj our 
 boate on Ije ao toe got tbe fea about 1 2 of tlje cloche : tlje toino toitb a faire gale came to tbe <£att 
 S|>outbeatf 3 anD all tljis oap ano nigljt toe rati £KLleC!nojtbtoeu\. 
 
 Cbe 31 oapat ^oftljecIoclictoeooubleDtbe^o^tbCapCjtljetoinDbeingatCEaflfoutbeali, 
 toe Ijaleo <TQeffall tlje fame Dap.anD at nigijc toe ran (KJeuToutljtoeff, 
 
 Clje 1 Dap of September tljctoiuotoas at j!3o?tbratt toitb berp mutljfogge : alltbisoaptoe 
 ran JSMfoutbtoeft : at 2 in tlje afternoone tlje toino came jfto jtb. 
 
 %\)t fecono oapat 3 in tbe morning toeooubleo FowInciTc, a tfce toino toastljis oap Dariable 
 at all parts of tlje Compafle. antbeafternoonetoemaoebutlitletoap; at<5 a clocke tbe toinoe 
 cametotljeS)OUtljtoeC,anotoetoeut3i5o?tbtoc(r, 9tp in tlje nigbttljere came Dotonefomutb 
 toinoe bp tlje SBeuToutbtoell, tljat toetoere faine to lap it a bull, toe Ijaleo it to jf2o?tbtoaros foj 
 tljcfyace of 2 ljoures,ano tljentoe lapoberljeao to tbe sltoutijtoacDS, ano &t tbebjeake of oap toe 
 fato lano.tobicb is berp bigb.ano «u calleo bp tbe-men of tbe couturcp Fouleneffc, 3[t 10 toitbin ful 
 of wialI3iflanDS,anotoitboutfullof rotftsbirpfarreout, ano toiiljmtlje rocfcrspouljattc fapje 
 fano at 20 faooms. liuri 
 
 %\jt 3 Dap in tbe morning toe bare toitb tlje founo afojeffliot 3B3ttbinitisbutujoaletoater,4 
 5 ano 3 faooms, fanoic grouno.tbe lano is berp bigb, ano tb^Cburrb tljat isfeene iscalleoHe- 
 like Kirke. Jt ooetb Ijigtjtjerc not abouc 8 J, 9 foote, 
 Umbau. ^be 1 2 oap at 3 in tlje afternoone , toe put into a founO bp Lowfoote, toljere it Doetf) flotoe 
 
 S>outljtoett,anDbp§)outb,anDDotl)bigb70?8footetoater, 
 
 Clje 1 % oap muctj toino at SHcfl : toe bao a IcDge of rocis in tlje toino ofbs, but tlje roao toa* 
 rcafonablc gooof j? all-out bsrlp ano .ffiBetf crip toinos. ffiBe bao tbe matne lano in tlje toinoe 
 of bs : tljisoap toas ttojmie toitb raine, 
 
 Cbe 2 3 oap at foure of tlje clocke in tlje afternoone toe put into Norway , into a founo calleo 
 Romcfaljtobere itflotoetb ^outbfcutljeafl.auD ootlj &igjj 8 footetoattr: tljis place ia full of loto 
 SfianDs, ano manp gooo founostoitljcut tbebigb mountaine lano, Jj)ere isgreatGo?eof tocoo 
 grototng, as firre, birrb, eke, ano baft 11 : all tbts ntgbt tlje toino toa? at tbe S>outb , berp much 
 toinDCjtoitbraineanDfogge, uj« .;. 
 
 Cbe 2 8 oap in tbe morning tbe toino being at <£aCnojtl)cafl toe fet faile at 8 of tlje clocke, 
 attDbaleooutoftlje bap^CleCfoutbtoell.anofeoutbtoeiljbauing agooDlp gale bntill one of tlje 
 clocke,ano tljentbetoinocameto&outljeaft,anD to tlje&outlj toitlj raineanofogge, anooerp 
 mucb toinoe : at Ore of tbe rlocitt toe came into a berp gooo rooe, torjere toeoio rioe all tbe fetw 
 nigljt in gooo fafetie. . . 
 
 &be29Daptoeputintoagooo founo, tlje toino bpt^e&outbtoett: at t^ee in tbe after* 
 noone tbere cameootoneberp muclj toino bp tbe &outb, ano all nigbt toitb bcljeiwnt blaftcff, 
 anoratne, . . ii*%ihi$kna 
 
 €lje 3 ooap an oap tlje toino toatf at 2Kefifout(jtoeS, 8no in tljisfotmo tlje pole i^rfetytfo 
 d30tg»iomin, . . i$3 
 
 »croo«. ^befirlloapof^tobertljetoraDetoa0atS»outbtoitt)berpmucbtonae, anobebement 
 
 blaflcs, 
 
 Clje 7 Dap toe fet faile : fo? from tljefirff of trjfe monct&bntm* tbijf 7 bap, toe bao berp foule 
 toeatber,but fpeciallp tbe fourth oap toben tlje toino teas fo great,ttjat our cables b?afce toitlj tbe 
 berp aomie,ano 31 do not tbinke^at it is poUtble tljat anp mo je toino tben tljat toas fljeulo bloto: 
 
 fo? 
 
 Fonltaclle. 
 
 «t)froun6of 
 
 Romcfal. 
 
TetandfaCkman. Trafriques <Sc Difcoueries, 4.5; 
 
 foj after w braking ot'our cable ,u>e did ojiue a league,befoje our ankers tooulo take anp ijolo : 
 but <SoD be tbankco tlje ttomic began to uacke,otbertoife toe Ijao bene in til cafe, 
 
 %bt 7 oap at nigbttoe cameto an anker bntil tljeuert oap.toljicb toas tbe 8 Dap of clje menetb, 
 toben as tbe toinoe greto great againe.toitb raine, toljercupon toefet faile ano returned into tbe 
 founo againe t anD at our Bttt tomming to an anker,p lefcntlp tbere bleto fo nuicb toinoc, tbat al= 
 tbougb our beftanfter toas out.pettbeertrenutteof tl;e Co?raD?oue M0 bponaleDgeofrockB,ano 
 eiDbjufeouru)tpmfucbfo?t,tbattoe toerc conOratneo toligbtcnbertofaueber, aiid bptbis 
 meanes (bp tljc!jclj>cof<!5o») toe got off our ujip ano floppeo our lcakes,anD moareoijer in gooo 
 fafetp abtoing to? atoino, £Se rioftom tbis Dap bp rcafon of contrarp toinDss,toitb fogge anD rame 
 bucill tbe »4 oap.tobtcb oap in tbe morning tlje toino came to tbe JJ2ojttjeatt, ano at 8 of tbe clock* 
 toe fet faile, ©bis founo is calleo Moore i'ound,tobcre it bigbetb about 5 foote toater,» flotoetb 
 £>outbfoutbeair. ©be nertoap being tbe 25 Dap toee put into a founo tobt'eb is calleo Vltar 
 found,tobere toasa ftjipof tbe king of Dcnmarkput into anotber founo tbere bp,being i leagues 
 to tbe foutbtoarDSofos,tbat came out of Iflmd: p toino toas comrarpfojbs at S>outIjfoutbtoen\ 
 
 ©be 1 2 oap of ^ouembertoe fet faile tlje toino bctngat tlje cCafl <i5>outbeau\ anopaC tlj?ougb 
 tlje founo toberetlje kings ujip Die lie: tobtclj founo is calleo Sloure found, l5tttastoeoioopfii 
 tbe founOjtoefouuo tbe toinD at tbe<§>outljtoe£f, fo tbattoe coulo Doe no gooo, fo tljat toe moareo 
 our fbip bcttocene 2,3|flanDs bntil tlje 1 8 oap,ano tljen tbe toeatber being faire ano calmc,toe fet 
 faile,? toene to feaboping to fino afaitetoino,btit in tbe featoe founo tbe toinD at tbe s£>outbtoeff, 
 ano &a tttbfoutljtoeft.fo tljat toe toerc conflraineo to returnc into tbe fame founo, 
 
 ©be nertoap being tbe 1 9 tbebings fbip came out alfo,becaufe Qje fato bs put to fea, 9 came 
 as fme out as toe.ano moareo tobert toe oiomoareafo?e : 9noat ourreturnebackeaccame, toe 
 moareo our fbip in anbtter founo calico Scorpc found, becaufe tbe kings ujip toas toitljout toe 
 tuals,ano toe Dio not grcatlpoeGreljer company, altljouabtbep oeCrco ours, 3!n tbt'S founo tbe 
 pole is eleuateo 62 oeg.47 mm. ©bus toe lap fttl fo? a toino outill tbe 1 of Decembtr,tobicb oap 
 toefetfaileat <5aclockeintbemoming,?at4intbeafternoonetoe laioit re tfjc intoaros. 
 
 ©Ije 9 Oap toe bdO Gglj t Of tlje COaft of Sc otland toljiclj toas BuquhamneiTc. 
 
 ©be 10 oap toe toere open off tlje Frith. 
 . ©be 1 1 oapat4t'n tbe tnomingtoetoeretbtoart of Barwike : at <Stoe toere tbtoartof Bam- 
 butch : tljefamcoapaticatnigrjttoc toere fbotas-farre as Hollyfootc. ©ben tlje toino came 
 tntljc £>outbano §>outbcatt,fo tbattoe lap QUI bntill tbe nertoap in tbe morning, ano tljen toe 
 toere conttraineo to put toitb Tinmouth. ©be fame oap at night toee balcD agrouno to fioppe a 
 leake,tobiclj toe founo to be in tlje fkarfe afoie, ©be toino continueo bp tbe iSoutbeaff 9 Soutb/ 1 
 foutljeatt bntill tlje ao oap,anotben toe fet faile about 12 at nigbt,bearing along tbe coaC. 
 
 ©be 2 2 oapbp rcafon of a <§>outbcatt toino , toe tljougbt toe ftjoulobaue bene \^ut into Hum- 
 ber,but tbe toino came to tbe KJett,f tljat toe IjaleD S>outbeaQ:ano at j in tlje afternoone toe Ija* 
 Ico a fea booio tlje fanos s ano Ijao ftjoale toater off Ly mery ano o wry, ano toere in 4 f aoomes off 
 ttjem. ©be nert cap toe baleo as toe migbt to feafe OrfbrdneiTe. 
 
 ©be 24 oap toe came tbtoart of tbe Nafe, about 8 in tlje morning, 
 
 •©be 25 t>ap being tbe jl2atiuitp of Chrift, toe came to an anker bettoeene ffilo bauen, ano Til- 
 berie bope, ©be fame oap toe tumeo as bigb as Porfhet. 
 
 I ©be 2<5oaptoeturntoas Ijigljas Racdifte,anD p;aifeo6oDfo;ourfafereturne, QnotljtiS 
 aieitDeji^o, 
 
 Cbe William toitb Charles IackmanarritteO at a pojt in Norway bettoeene Tronden ano 
 RoftockinC)ctoberiy8o,anDtbcreDiDtointer: 9nofromtljence Drparteo againcinjfebwa* 
 tiefollotoing, ano toentin companp of a fl)ip of tbe King of Dcnmarke totoaro ifland: ano fince 
 tbat time be toas neuer (jearo of, 
 
 Inftrudions made by the company of Englifli merchants for difc 
 
 couery ofnew r.rades,vnto Richard Gibs, tVilliamBigg/tt, John Backhoufe, Willtam Frceman t 
 Iohn Halj,zn& lames fVoodcoc^SccmaRas of the 9 fhips,and one barke that We had freigh- 
 ted for a voiage with them to be made( by the grace of God) from hence to S,Nicholat\vi 
 kuff!a,and backeagaine: which fhips being nowintheriuerofThamesareprefentlyready 
 to depart vpon the faid voyage.with the next apt winds that may ferue iherunto :and with 
 this Fleet afterwards was ioincd H.Chnfiopher Carltle with the Tyger. The 1 of June 1582. 
 
 , ©jafuutcljastlje number of ujippestoljicbtoepurpofetofenDin tljisJFIeete togetbec 
 1 foi S>aint Nicholas in Ruffia is greater tben at anp time Ijcrctofojc toee baue fent 
 , tijttber, asalfofo^tljatfome fpeetbes are giuen out tljat pouujallbe met toitball 
 ' bp fuclj as toitb fojee 9 violence toill affaul t pott as enemies, to tbe eno tljat gooo o?oet 
 
 ma? 
 
 ' f 
 
 
 Mooic found. 
 
 ir' l!' 
 
 !■■■ ' 
 1 i ! 
 
 Ji S 
 
 l ! 
 
4.54. The Englifh Voyages, Orders for thefleete* 
 
 map be ettablifljeo among pou to} beeping together m company ,ano tmtttng.pouc tojcey,as toell 
 foj the better Direction to be bao in pour nauigation,as alfo foj pour mo je faft tp ano ttrengtb a* 
 gaintt the enemie, toe bane tbougbt goooto appoint among pou an aounrall ano fticeaDmirall, 
 ano that all of pou ano euerp one particularly (ball be bouno in eye fumme of one Ijuncjcc pounos 
 to fceepecompanp together. 
 
 a asecatife Uje Salomon is the biggettfljip.bettnppotnteo , ano ofgreattttfiMcetooefenDojs 
 orTeno the encmie, toe Doe therefore appoint tbat fljip SJomirall, tobicb fljall toeare the flag in the 
 mainetop. 
 
 3 %\)t Thomas Allen being a gooo fljip ano toell appointed, ano foj trjatttc matter of focr 15 
 tbe ancicntett mailer of tlje Jflcete that Ijattj tafcen charge that toap,toe Doe appoint trje fame fljip 
 to be JHiceaomirall.anb to toeare the flag in tlje fojetop. 
 
 4 ano fin tbat the matter of tbe Prudenceis of great experience, anofenotolcogc in t&at bop* 
 age,toc ooe appoint that fee toitlj tlje matter of tlje aomirall and QiceaDmirall fljall conferre,con« 
 fult ano agree bpon tbe courfes ano Directions that fljall be bfoo in t bis bopage,ano it (ball be lato« 
 fullbnto tlje matter of u)eaomiral,toitljthe confentof 9gJ.Gibs,anogp.Biggac, 0? oneoftbtm to 
 malte bis courfes ano Directions from time to time During tbe toljole bopage,ano all tbe fleete ate 
 to folio to ano obferue tlje fame toitbout Heaping 0; b jeafting of company at any time bpon tbe 
 penalty before fpecifieo. 
 
 s ^he appointingof tbe ftjipsfoj SomiralanD Kiceaomjcal, ano tbofe men to confult ano a« 
 gree bpon tlje courfes ano Directions of tbe bopage, as afojefato, batb bene Done bp tbe contents 
 ano toitb tbe liking of pou all,anD therefore toe Doubt not but thatyou toill all carefully ano toil- 
 lingly obferue tbe pjemiffeS, 
 
 6 3tcm,toe ljaue thought gooD to put you inmino.tbat at fuel; times as you map conuenient< 
 ly from ttme to time,yott do affemble ano meete together,to confiDer,confult,aiiD Determinebpoa 
 fuclj articles as you (ball think neceffarp to be pjopounoeo touching pour bettfafetpanD Defence 
 againttall fojccstbatmapbeorTcrcDpouintbis bopage, as toell outtoaros bouno, anbto&ile 
 you (ball rcmaine tntlje roaoe ano bap of S.Nicholas, as alfo bometoarDes bouno, ano tbat 
 tobiebpott fljall agree bpon,oj tbat tobicb mott of pou thai confent bnto, caufe it to be ft t ooton in 
 touting fo}rccojo,tohichmapfcruefo? anacte amongftpourfelues to binoepouall to obferue 
 tlje fame. 
 
 7 ©He ljaue appointeo lames Woodcock mtbcfmalbarfeetoattenobponpou,$toreceiae 
 bis Direct ions from pou,lDou are tljerfo?e to remember toell toljat conference ano talhc batb bene 
 bao toitlj pou here before pour going touching p fapD barfce,to tohat purpofes Cjemap befl ferue, 
 ano the matter Ijoto to implop her, ano thereupon to gtuc your ojocr ano Direction bnto him,a$f 
 tbe time ano place fljall require, 
 
 8 jtem, if pou fljall bnoerttano as pou are outtoaros bctmo, tljattbeencmie i& gone btfofi 
 Btroiouivftia. poutoS.Nicholas,temembertobatabuifebatljberagiuenpotrforpourttap atBerozouaVftia, 
 
 till you baue bycfpials bietoeoano bnocrttooo tbe forces, ano tbe maner of their aboce at that 
 place, 
 
 9 3noifin tlje Tea eitljer outtoaros o? bomctoaros, oj in tlje time of pour abofie at. anker at- 
 taint Nicholas, pou fljall be affaulteo by foj.ee of any, ascnemietobacfoeuer,ycuarctocc- 
 feuoyottr feluestoith fuclj forces as you may 0? can: tnttt not too farre, neither giue place to 
 inconuenience. 
 
 10 gou toill not fojgct toljat conference toe ijao touching pour patting outtoaros bouno by 
 Wavdhoufe ,to bicto anb bnoerttano tobat pou can at that placcano to ftjeto pour felues.to fee if 
 there be anp tljere that ljaue a mino to tp cake tot t h p ou , foj that toe trjmtte it better tben,(? tberea* 
 t>out,tbcn aftertoaros 0? els inhere. 
 
 11 astbile pou fljall remaine in the roao at S, Nicholas, be rtrcumfpect ano careful! to haue 
 pour fljips in reaotnette, ano in gooo o?oer atoiaies, ano bpon all fuooens, Che grcatett Danger: 
 bnto pou in that place toill be tobile pou fljall fljift pour Cjips: tljerefojcpottaretoconRDerofit, 
 but tlje fttt ett time tor pou to Doe the fame.toill bee tohen the toinoe is Southerly off tlje fljo je, ojj 
 calme,ano at fuclj time you may the better ooe it toitljout Danger. goumtttttakefucbojDera'- 
 mong pou, that your companies maybe altoaies toilling ano reaopto Ijelpe one tlje other, ano 
 appoint among your felues fuclj Chips to Qjift firtt ,ano fuclj after , in fitch foit ano fo ?me as you 
 fljall thinfee bett ano mott conuenient. Snotobile thepttjattbeinoifcbargtng, fljiftmg.ano la- 
 Ding, let the rett of pour companies tohtch baue not then to Doein lacing 0? oifcbargtng, helpe 
 tljofettjipstljat fljall haue labour to Doe, as toell fbj carping the bathes from tbujs to the fljosre, 
 0; from fljoje to the (bipp? toitb pour boates » a$ alfo fin anp otber belpe that tljep fljall haue 
 neeoeof. 
 
' T 
 
 i 
 
 M.W r itiidm c Burrough. Traffiques,&Difcoueries* 4.55 
 
 ^^.^^ ___— — — — ■■'■- ' ■ ■ — .... a — -. — , , ,,.■—,■■ 1 a 
 
 1 2 Eemember tohat bath bene faiobnto pou touching the moving ot'pour ujips,3c. toj uilng 
 aouantage aptntt the enemie ,if pou fiiall be atfaulteo in tfjat place, 
 
 1 3 See chat pou ferue fl5oo 3 aboliuj ftoearingano gaming,be carcfull of fire ano canoles,? r* 
 
 14 v ott ar c to confitlt an o agree among pour fc lues iipon fignes ,cc fcc ns, ants gooo o jd crs foj. 
 the better keeping of compan? together, mid alfo tt)c mauct Ijotu ano lip toljat meanep, refctte, 
 apoe,o j belpe map be gincn bp one to the other in fight, if pou happen to come to it, 
 
 ■Chiis me p jap 600 to fenopou a pjofperougbopage ano fafe return?, 
 
 The opinion of Mafter William Burrough fent to a friend , recjuu 
 ringhisiudgementforthefittcfttimeofthe departure of our (hips towards 
 
 $>.Nicholas\n%gffia. 
 
 Whereas pou rrqueffmetoperftoaoctlje conrpanpnot to fenot&etr fijippesfrom fjence 
 befoje the fine of Sg)ap,3! do not tfjinke the famefo gooo a cotirfe foj them to obferue: 
 fojpou knoto that the foonertoee fence tfoem hence, the fooner toe map looke foj their returne, ^ rBt8tufl j an 
 3ftocefenoethem in the beginning of £©ap, then mapthep beet §>aint Nicholas bptljefine fleet belt to t>e 
 ofthefame monetb: anobp that timethegreatefl parte ofpourlatingofneceflttie mutt bee g**Jg**»** 
 comeootone, efpeciallp tt>e flare: but tfitfljoulo fall outfolatetoaroa bjeakingbp of tlje ri= <p ap . 
 uerof Duyna , that bptbe cnoeof flpap tbegooos cannot be bjougbt to S>aint Nicholas , pet 
 this is altoapcs to be accounted foj certaiue, that befoje ourfhips can come thither, tlje gooes 
 map be bjougbt cotone to tljat place ; ano if tbjougb ice tlje fljippes be kept backe anp time, the 
 lotte ano charge of that time tourbetb not tbe rompanie at all, buttbeotoners oftfjeujippes, 
 ano pet toiU t lie Dinners put that in aouentttre, rather tljentarie longer time befoje tljeirgo* 
 ing hence, 
 
 Ifroto feeing bp fencing our fbippes bence in tbe beginning of £©ap, tbeir arriuall at <§>, Ni- 
 cholas map be at the cnoe of the fame monetb, ano remaining thirtte oapes tljercthep map bee 
 laccn ano come tbence bp the latt of June , ano returne borne hither bp the 1 o of Slugutt toitfj 
 commocities to ferue the market tljen, it cannot beeotnieobut toe fljoulo reape therebp great 
 comtnofiitie, 
 
 ^utitmapbcobiecteo,tl)attfaIlour(ht'ppesbefentrf)entoreturneasafojefaio,pou(I)aHnot 
 be able to feno bs in fo much cojoage, Z3Xm ano SDpIes, as othertoife pou fijoulo doe if thep re* 
 mat'neo a monetb longer,neitIjer cottlo pott bp that time perfect pour accounts to be fent in t&em 
 aspoutoculDDoe; 
 
 foj anftoere t!jereuntotl)istgmpmeantng:tl)oug^3! toilht^egreatettpartofouruj^ping 
 to go as afojefaio, pet tooulo 31 baue one gooo Chip j ttoo at tbe moll toell furniibeo in al points 
 that fboulo Depart altoaics from bence, bettocene ttje beginning ano the 1 o cap of June : ano the 
 fametobeconoitioneo toitljall to remaine at <§>» Nicholas from the firtt arriuall there bntill the 
 niiooeit of aun.utt, j to be oifpatcljeo thence fo oner , st tbe to ill ano liking of our factojs foj the 
 fame: bptbis ojoertljefe commodities folTotoing map enfuc. 
 
 1 JDou map baue our commoDities there timtlp to feno bp the rtuer befoje it toare ujalloto,to 
 be oifpc r feo in the countrep at pour pleafure, 
 
 a 3H)e greatctt part of our gooos mapbe returnto bitljer timelp toferue tbe firtt markets. 
 
 3 fflur late (Jjips remaining fb long here map ferue to gooopurpofe,foj returning anftoere of 
 fuel) letters as map be fent oucr lano,ano receiueo here befoje tbeir Departure* 
 
 4 Cbeir rematning fo late toith pou thai fatiffie pour ocUre fo jperfecting pour accounts,ano 
 map bjing fucb co jo age,2Uare,2Dile# other commoDities, as pou can pjouioe befoje that time: 
 ano chieflp map ferue bs in fleao to b jing borne our gooos that map be fent bs from Perfia. 
 
 JQoto feeing it map be fomanptoapes commooious to the commpattp to obfeructbisojoer, 
 Without anp charge Onto them,3l toiflj that pou put to pour helping banc to further tlje fame. 
 
 Acopie of theCommiffiongiuentoSir Jerome Boms , audio* 
 rizing him her Maiefties Ambafladour vnto theEmperour olRufta, 
 Anno 1583. 
 
 ELIZ ABETHA Dei gratia, Anglia:, Francis, &Hybernia? Regina,fideidefcnfatrix, 
 &c. Vniuerfis & fingulis prsefentes literas vifuris & infpe&uris, falutem. COinScrcnif. 
 limusPtinceps, Ioanncs Bafilius,Rex,&magnus Dux Ruffia:, Volodimcra:, Mofcouia!,&: 
 Nouogrodia:, RexCazani,& Aftracani, DominusPlefcos, &magnusDuxSmolenfcoar,. 
 Tueri,Vgori 3 Pcrmia;,ValeaTjBolliara;,&aIiarurnclitionura: Dominus &magnus Dux No. 
 
 uogrodix 
 
 . 
 
4*tf 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, • Sir Jerome Howes. 
 
 uogrodis in infcriori regione Gherniga:,Rezan3e,Polotico£e, Ratfaui£,Yerafljuae,Bealozeri, 
 Liflandia: , Oudorij &Condenfe,& gubernator in tota prouincia Siberia:, &paitiumScp- 
 tentrionalium , &aliarum,tratcr,& Amicus charin*imus,Nobilemvirum, FeodorAndrewich 
 Spifemski, nupct ad nos ablegaucrit.ad ccrta quacdam negotia nobifcum agenda,quashono- 
 rem vcrinque noftrum quam proxime attingunt,quf que recle definiri concludique nequeunr, 
 nifi Ambaffiatorcm aliquem & oratorem ad prsfatum fereniflimum principctn amandaue- 
 rimus : Hinc eft, quod nos de fidelitate,induflria, prouida circumfpeflione, & fatis magno rc- 
 rumvfu,predilcdii nobis famuli noftri, Hieronimi Bowes Militis, ex nobilibus domcfticis 
 nb(trisvnius,plurimum confidences, prifatum Hieronimum Bowes Militem , noftrum vc- 
 rum & indubitatum Ambafliatorem, Oratorem, & Commifiarium ipecialem facimus,& con- 
 Jftituimusperpraefentes. Dances, Scconcedenteseidem HieronimoBowesMilicioratorino- 
 itro cenore prsefentium, autboritatem, &mandatum, tamgenei ale, quam fpecialc.ita quod 
 fpcciaIitasnonderogecgeneralitati,nece contra gencralitas fpecialitati, nomine noftro,& 
 pro nobis, cum przfatolereniflimoprincipe, eiui'que confiliarijs, & deputatis quibufcunquc 
 tie prasfatis negotijs & eorum fingulis.tractandi.coferendi, concludendi appunc"tuandiq ; ,pro- 
 uc prarfato Oratori noftro £quum,& ex honore noflro videbitur : Nee non de, & fuper hunak 
 modi tradatiSjConclufis^ppuntSluatifqjjCaJtenTque omnibus & iingulis, pramiilTa quouifuio- 
 doconcernentibus,Iiteras,&inftrumentavalida& efficacia, nomine coltro,& pro nobis era. 
 dendi, licerafq.:&inftrumentaconfimiIisvigoris&effe6tus,ex altera parte petencii^confici, 
 & figillari debtee procurandi 1 & recipiendi,& generaliter omnia, &fmgula primiffaqualiter- 
 cunqjconceruentia/aciendijexcrcendij&cxpediendi.inj&codemmodOjficutnosiplifaccre- 
 mus, & facere poflemus, fieflcmusptaefentcs, etiamfitaliannc, qusdefemandatumexigant 
 magis fpeciale : promittentes bona fide, & in verbo Regio, omnia & fingula , quae per prxdi- 
 &um Ambaffiatorc m,& oratorem noftium appun<5tuaia,promifra, conuenta, concordata,& 
 conclufa fuerintinhacparce,no»rata 8c grata,& firma habituras & obferuacuras,&fuperinde 
 literas noftras patentes confirmatorias,& approbatorias in forma valida, & autcntica,prout o- 
 pusfucrit.daturas. Incuiusrei teftimonium.hisprarfentibus manunoftrafignatis, magnum fi- 
 gillum noftrum regni noftri Anglieapponifccimus.DataeeRegianoftraGrenwici quintodic 
 mentis Junij,Anno Dom, 1 583. Rcgnl veto noftri viceffimo quinto. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 EL I Z A B E T H bp the grace of <SoO, Qlteene of En gland, France anD Ireland, Befenber of 
 tlje faitij,ttc.to al ano tmgu!ar,to tobom tljcfe p?efcnts ujal come to be feeti ano reo,greeting, 
 ©Hbereas ttjcnwtt crcellent pn'nce Iohn Bafiliwich king, ano great Dufee of all Ruflia, Volodo- 
 
 mer, Mofcouie, attflNouogrod, fetngofGazananOAftracan,lOjrjofPlefco, atirj great BUheof 
 Smolenfco,of Tuer,Vgor,anD Permia.Valca, Bolhar ant) Others, Iojrj great CUfeeof Nouogrod 
 ilttbelouicOUncr^ofChefniga.Rezan.Polbtfco.RoltouejYeraflauejBcalozera.Licfland.Ou- 
 dor,Obdor aim Condenfa ,anO gouernour of al tlje lano of Siberia,anB of tl)e jQojth parts aim 0'- 
 tber,our mott oeare bjothcr ano frieo oio of late fenti bnto us one Feodor An dre wich Spifemsky, 
 a noble man oftjts,to oeale toith bs t'n ccrtaine fpeciall bufaeu"cs,refpecting berp ncerelp the ho-- 
 uour of cicberoffcs.ano being fitch as toitbouttlje fpeeoingoffome ambaffaoourof ours to the 
 fojefato moll crcellent pnnce,cannot be fufficicntlp setermineo ano cocluoeb: jf 0? this caufe toe 
 patting great cSnoence in the 6Dclitie,mDtrtrrie,p jouioent circumtpection ano conuenient erperi* 
 ence of our toeibeloueo feruant Jerome Bowes ftnigbt,a gentleman of qualitie of our houiTjofoe, 
 rjobptbe&p?efentsmafeeanrjconftit«tetljefo?eraioieromc Bowes fentgrjt out true gsbnooub' 
 tco Smbaffaoour, 2D?ato? ano fpecial conrmitrioner , giutng ano graumtng to tbelame Ierome 
 Bowes ftmght,our ©?atoj,bp trje ucrtue of ttjcfep?efents aucljo?itie ano eommanDement,asi toel 
 general as fpecial/otrjatthefpecialujall notpjeiucice tbegencraIl,no^ cntheottjer Got tlje ge- 
 neral tlje fpecial,to intreat,conftrre,conclurje, ano appotntin our natnc,ar» fo? bs toit^ tlje fo?e* 
 fafo molletsellent prince ano fjts counfellers ano oeputies tobatfoeucr, concerning tlje fo^efaioe 
 bumielTe^antiecrjoftrjem^ccojotngasitujallfeemegooiJ, anb fojourtjonour to ourfo?efaioe 
 £)?aio?,as alfo of ann bpon fuc^ ttjings intreateo.ronclutieD anrj appointeu,as in all ano lingular 
 ortjer tbtngs.anp maner of toap concerning tlje p^emiflcs, to oeWuer in our name anD fo? bs,fuffi* 
 rient ano effectual letters ano rnllruments,anrj to require letters ? inflruments of tbe lifceDaum* 
 tie ano effect of tlje other part , ano to procure them latofullp tobee matie an& fealeo, ann tljen to 
 recetue tljcm, ano generallp to rjoe,erecute,ant> rjitpatcb al ano lingular ctber things concerning 
 tlje p?emiffes,in,ano after tbe fame maner,as toe our felue s tooulo ano migfjt do if toe toere p?e* 
 fent, altljouglj tljejbefttcbtrjingsasmapfcemeof^emfeluesto require amo?e fpeciall ccm-- 
 
 manocment 
 
*Ike Queenes letter. TrafFiques, & Difcoueries. 4.57 
 
 mannement :pjormu"ng in gooofaitb auo intbe tuojrj ofap^ncc,ttjat tut- null ijoid alio obleiiit all 
 anb fingular-tbe tbings lubtcb bp our ambafTabo j afo?efapo UjaH be appointeD, p jrjmifeD,agrrcD, 
 accojbebanbroncIuDeDmtbisbebalfe, aelatefull, gratefull, anoftrme, anbtijcretipon asneto 
 lbalIrequtre,tofIIpiieourIettcr0patentf( J confirmato?pantiapp?obato?p,!nfo?mEeffEC(uaIImin 
 autenttcall. antiritncffetobereof , toebaue caufeo our great CfaleofourfcingDoineof CnglanB 
 to beput to t^efe pjefentB,anD fipeo tbem tottb otir otone tjano. 
 
 <Siuenatourpallaceof<S?eenetrjicb. tbefourtl; bapof 3lune, intbe peereof our&ojb 1583, 
 ano ofour reigne tbe Sue ano ttoentietb. 
 
 A Letter fent from her Highneflfe to the fayd great Duke ofltiifiia, 
 byCixHierome Bowes atordayd,herMaiefties Ambafladour. 
 
 Serenipmo Vrincip ac Domino, Ioanni Bafilio, Dei gratia Regi & magno Duel totim 
 Ruiiis, Volodomera: ore. Rsgt Cazani, &c. 'Domino Pklcoae, &c. Domtno tj-magno Duet 
 Nouo grodiae, &c. &GubernatonintotaProumct* Siberia?, &c. Fmm&awtconojhocha- 
 njfimo, 
 
 Lizabetha, Dei gratia Anglix Francis, & Hibcrniae Regina, fidei de- 
 
 fenfatrix. &c. SerenilfimoPriiiapi ac Domino, Ioanni Bafilio, eadem Dei 
 
 gratia R.gi& magno DucitotiusRun^x,Volodomer£,Moiccuia:,&No- 
 
 uogrodise, RegiCazani&Altracani, Domino Plefcoa?, &magnoDuci 
 
 Smolenico£,Tiieri,Vgori,Permix,Viarskx,Bolhare^&aharuinditionum, 
 
 Domino & magno Dud Nouogrodias in inferiori regione, Cheinigs,Re- 
 
 iJ'zanx, Polotfcox, Roflous, laroflaus, Bealozeri, Liflandix, Oudori, & 
 
 Condenfe, &Gubernatori in tota prouincia Siberia;, &parciumSeptentrionalium, &alia- 
 
 ium, fracri & amico fuo chariffinio, Salucem. 
 
 Serenifli ne princeps, frater & amice chariflime, ex ijs qua 1 nobifcum egit S. V.iluftris le- 
 gatus, intelleximus, quam giaie vobisraceremusfatis, fi legatumaliquem cum mandatis in- 
 flruclum, adS. V. ablcgaremus. In quo ccrtequideminrUtntoadeo nobis ex animoplacuic, 
 quod ell honefte poftulatum^vcnon nifi prae'.tita re.poflemus nobis quoquo modo fatisfacere. 
 Atq; cum id habercmus apud nbs I'.ecretum, nobis non incommode incumt in mentem & o- 
 culos Hieronimus Bowes miles, ex nobihbus notfris Domelticis , plurimurn nobis di!e£tiis s 
 quern inprseleniiarum ad S. V. ablegamus , cuius prudentia? & fidei , totum hoc quicquid elr, 
 quod ad Serenitatu-n mutuonoftrarum dignitatem ornandam pertinere poffe arbitramur, 
 commifimus. In quomunere perfungendo, quin omnem curam & diligentiam fit coll iturus, 
 ncutiquam dubitamus : aS. autcm V.rogamus, velit eieam fidem habere in ijsperfequendis 
 quae habet a nobis in mandatis, quam nobis habendam putarct, fi eflemus praelentes. Prxte- 
 rea, aim nobis multum charus fit Robertus Iacobusmedicus, quern fuperion || anno, ad S. V. 
 mifimus,rogamus vt eum eo loco S. V. habeat, quo virum probatiflimum, & fingulari quam 
 plurimarum virtutum laude ornatum habendum eflj, boni principes cenlent. Quern a nobis 
 neutiquam ablegauiflemus, nifiamicitix noftrx, & itudio gratificandi S. V. plurimurn tribuit 
 femus. In qua dum voluntatc manemus erga S. V. non nifi optime de bonis vellris meritis in 
 prxfatum Iacobum nobis pollicemur. EtDeumOpt. Max. precamur , vtS. V. faluamcon- 
 feruet, & incolumem. Data? e Regia noftra Grenouici 19 diemenfis Iunij, Anno Domini 
 
 1583, regni vero noftri viceflimo quinto. 
 
 S. vcjlrA bona for or. 
 
 The fame i n Englifii. 
 
 ELizabethbptI)erj;rateof<Sotl, Queeneof England, France, aitD Ireland, befenDCroftfje 
 fattb, ?c, to tbe mott crcellent p?ince anD to?ti, Iohn Bafiliwich, bp tljefame ojrace of (Sod, 
 King ano great Du&e of all Rufsia, Volodomer, Mofcouie , anb Nouogrod, iRtngofCazan 
 anb Aftracan, LoiD of Plefco.anD great Dufceof Smolenfco , of Tuer,Vgor,anb Permie,Viatt 
 ca.Bolharjarrtofbers.Lopanrj great Dukeof Nouogrod in tbelotoecotmttep,ofCherniga, 
 Rezan^olotiko^oltouejaroflaue^calozera, Lifland,Oudor,Obdor, anbCondenfa,anO 
 
 (Sotternour cf all tbe larw of Siberia, anu of i%t l^ojtb parts anb otljers, Ijcr beared b?ot(jer aito 
 fttern>,S>aiutatio;w, 
 
 s^otlercellent prince, moll beare b?otberattb frienrj.bp tvjofe tbt'ngsrjjbicbtbctBojtbpf.rit' 
 lialTabojof pour cjrcellcttcp oeclareb bnto b3,uie bauebnbertloob boto Wuolpit UjouId be u'rsn,it 
 
 ®.q, toe 
 
 
 1582 
 
4^8 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Sirferome 'Bowes \ 
 
 I 
 
 tue Iboutofcno topourercellencp an ambaffaBo?fromi)0,toitbcommanDetnentattD inCructioua, 
 3In tobicb matter pour bonourable requcli ^atlj to mucb pleafeb to*, tbat toe coulo not anp msnec 
 of toap fatifficour felues, ercept toe perfo?meo tbe fame. 3nD batting ptirpofcD toitb ouc felfe 
 fo to ooe, toe tfaougbt of,ano remcmb?co Ierome Bowes Knigbt, a gentleman ofqualttie of otic 
 boufeboloe.a man oerp mucb bclouco of os,tobom at tbis p?t rent toe feno toito pour 9pa:eflp,anD 
 to tobofe toileoome ana fattbfulnefle toe batie committee all , tobatfceuer toe tafte to apperteine 
 to tbe aouancemcntof bothottr ljono?s inoittercntlp, 3in the Difcbarge of tobicb feruice.toe Doubt 
 rot but tljat all tare ano Diligence (Ijallbe bfeo on bispart, fo tfat toe intreatpcur agaicftp to gitie 
 bim creocucein tljep?ofectitmgofibofe things tobub be jjatb from bs in pmmanDemcnt.no lelfe 
 ®«toj iieob. tbento our felfe, if toe toere pjefent. anotohcreas Robert Iacob Docte? of phpUcke is amanoe-- 
 rp oeare Onto bs.toljom tbe lair pere toe fent onto pour ercellencp.toc oeGre tbat be map baue tfcac 
 fatto? attD eftimation toitb pott, tohicbgoco p?inces tbtnfcea moftljonettanD bcrtuotts man toooi= 
 tbp of : fo? Ijao toe not caries great refpect to ourmutual frienoujip,anD inoeuour to gratifie pout 
 sp aieffie, toe fboulo in no cafe batie parteo toitb bint, a no feeing toe continue Hill tbe fame gooa 
 toill totoaros pour ercelfencp , toe Doe eucn pjomife to our felfe pour bonourable lunoneues to« 
 toarosbim: ano tocp?ap tbealmtgbtieGSoo to pjeftrue pourflpaieftp ingooofafetie anobcaitrj, 
 c3ittcn at our pallace of G3?eenetoic() tbe 10 oap of 3!unc,in tbe pere of our io?D 1 5 83 ,anti of ouc 
 rcignctbemteanottrentutb. 
 
 Your Maiefties good lifter, 
 
 A briefe di fcourfe of the voyage of Sit Ierome 'Bolees knight , her 
 Maiefties ambafladour to Intm Vafiliuich the Empcrour of Mu/couia, in the 
 yeerc.1582. 
 
 l&e i^mperoucofRuisiatbattbenUueTi, bpnameluanVafiliwich, rjauino; 
 
 Deliberate!? conBoercD Ijoto neccflfarp ittocrefo?tljcflrcngthenfngofbise» 
 
 Bate , tbat a fure commerce ano cntercourfe of mercbants ujottlo be againe 
 
 fjrenueD bettoeeneljimano bet facreo Spaieffp of England , toitb fucb further 
 
 ^immunities ano p?iuilcges fo? tbe bono? ano btilltp of botlj their Dominions, 
 
 'anofttbicctsof tbefame, a? bpon mutuall treatie of pctfong intetpofeDott 
 
 Slbotb fiocs, migbt be afTntteo tin to : fent otter into t bis realme, in tbe peerc of 
 
 our llo?o 1 5 8 2, as bis ambaffaoour fo? tbat purpofe, an ancient Difcreet gentleman of bis boiife* 
 
 holoe calico Pheodor AndreuichPbifemsky, accompanieo toitbone of bis Secretaries, fo?hi0 
 
 better affiflancc in tbat erpeoition: ano befioeshismanp other Directions, tobereof part toere to 
 
 bcoeliucrco bp too?o of moutb, ano the rett fet ootone in a letter bnocr tbe Cmpercurg fignature, 
 
 aDDjcueoto berSJSJaietrp : be ban in fpectall charge to follicit be r^aieUp to fenoouer toitbht'mto 
 
 Ijis mailler an ambaffaoo? from bcr.to treat ano contract of fucb affaires of impo?tance ass eonctt* 
 
 neo botb therealmes, tobicb toas tbe p?incipall eno of bis implopments bitber. aSElijcrcupoit bee 
 
 gpaieftp berp gracioullp inclining to tlje «Cmpero?e motion,anD at tbe bumble fute of tbe CngliO) 
 
 merchants traoingtbofe countrepo being carieD toitb tbe fame p?incelprefpects , tofatiffiebiS 
 
 cemanDS in tbat bebalfe, maoecboice of Cr Ierome Bowcs,a gentleman of her Court, o?Dinarilj> 
 
 attenoing upon Ijcr Spaietticspecfonj totoaros tobom tow apparnntlp ejepjefleo ber p?incelp opi« 
 
 nion ano fauo? bp tbe creDit of tbis negotiation* 
 
 Sfter be rjao receiueDljiss commiu*ion,toitb otbet fpectall letters to tbe Cmpcro? ) tottballotbec 
 inHructions apperteining to bis cljarge, ano tbat tije fapo Huffe ambauaDour toas licenceo to re-= 
 turne borne to Ijis maiOter.being bono?ablp entertainco anD retoaroeD,tlje€ngIifi) ambaflaDo? be< 
 ing attetiDr D bpon toitb fo?tp perfons at tlje lea8,berp bonottrablp furnifteo, tobereof manp toere 
 gentlemen, ano one 99, Humftey Cole a learneo p?eacber, tooke bis Icaue of berSpaieffp attije 
 Court at Q5?eentoicb tlje eigbteentb of 3lune, ann toitb tbe otber ambaffaDour, toitb tbeir feuerall 
 companies, embarhcDtbemfelues at Harwich tlje tiro ano ttoei«tctboftbefame,anD after a fto?« 
 mp bopage at t be &ea,tljep artiueD botlj in fafc tp in tlje roao of S>.Ni cholas tbe t^zz ano ttoen* 
 tietbof 3!ulp new follotoing. 
 
 ^b£Kuueamba(raDo?loDgeDbimlelfe attbeabbepof §>. Nicholas : anc tbeCngliuj ambaf: 
 faoo? toas loDgen aim toell intettaines bp tbe CngliB) mercljants, at tbeir boufe at ^.Nicholas, 
 CanBingin an 31 too calleo Rofelfland. 
 
 Z^t EuCTe ambaflaoo? bauing repofeo bimfelfe one toljole oap, toofee l}& Icaue of tbe £nglifl> 
 ambalfaoo?,anDDeparteototoarDSMofco. 
 
 ^beCngliibambaffaDouraboDepetat £>♦ Nicholas foureo?fiucoape», toben batting mm 
 pjouiKon of boats, ano weanes to tbat purpofe, &e totntfojtoavDijponbiis iournep totoaros 
 
 Mofcc, 
 
 Pheodor Andre, 
 uich Phifemtky 
 IlicJrmpcroiB 
 RinbtiffaDour. 
 
Sir Ierome ^Bonves. Traffiques,& Difcoueries. 
 
 459 
 
 Mofco, to a tooine calico Colmogro, about foure fcoie miles Dt Jant from gt, Nicholas. 
 
 |>ou nut$ L'cre bnoerSauo that befojc the Cngliff) ambailacois going into Ruffia.tbcre toere 
 titters Grangers, but efpertallp certeineiDutdj merchants, lubo baD intmoeb tbemfelttcsto 
 traDeintotljofecountrcpaflftotiuitbaantJingaujmiifgeoftljEfoIetraoetbitljerlDasIongbcfoje SmSe 
 grantcD to the <£ nglitlj merchants* Z befe Dutclj men bao alreaDp fo banblco ttjc matter, as tljep «"° »»i' naoe. 
 bao bp chargeable mcancs ujoonnetbiecof rtjeci;icfc3counfcIlcrstotbcSmperourto bet'ocic 
 
 afTureljfrieiiDS,nameIp,MekitaRomanouich,BodanBe]skoy,anD Andrew Shalkantljetija!!* 
 
 cello? : fo? befioes Daplp gifts trjat ti;ep bettomeo bpon tbem all , thep toofcc fo much monep of 
 tljeirs a t intercCat fine ano ttocntp upon the btmD?eD,aB thep pavo to fome one of them fate ttjou- 
 fano matfes pecreip fo? the bfe of bis monep, ano ilje digltflj merchants at that time bao net one 
 ftieitDinCoart, 
 
 ©je ambaffsDo? Ijauing note fpew fittcbJCCRS at <§>, Nicholas ano at Colmogro, there came 
 to Ijim then a gentleman fent from the ffimperojto entertemc btm, ano bao in charge to cowntct 
 ijim bp the riticrs totnarbs Mofco,auD . o oelttter him pjouifion of all kince of DictualsnecelTarp* 
 
 Zhis gentleman being a follower of Shalkanttjecbanccllo?,maSbpburi(as it fcemeD^feiilea 
 into that ferttice of pttrpofe, as aftcrbJarD appcarco bp the courfc be toobe, to offer Difcourcefies, 
 ano occafions of nuMe to tlje ambaffaoo? *. fo? pott mull bncerfianb tljat tlje cljanccllc? ano tlje o= 
 tljcr cbjo great cotmfello jc(fpo&en of as fricnos to tbeDutcljinen)ljao apurpofc to oppofe tljtnt" 
 felucsoircctlpagainQbcr S^aiefitcs ambaffage.cfpeciairpintbat point, fo? tlje barring of all 
 u^angcrsfromtraDingintothc«Empcto?scountrep. 
 
 ZW gentleman concucteo the <£ngliuj ambaffaoo? a tljeufanb miles bp the rutcrs of D wina 
 ano Soughana, to a citie calico Vologda , bjijerercceiueo btm another gentleman fent from the 
 Cmpero?, a manofbettercountenancetbentheotber, iBbap?efenteDibcambaffaDO? from tlje 
 ©npcro? toith ttoo faire gclBtugs toell furniftjeo after tljetr maner, 
 
 2t a citp calico Yerafkue upon the rtuec Volga tljere met tlje ambaffabo? a Mike toll accom* 
 panics, fent from the Cmprro?, tctja pjefenteo him from the € mpero? a coach ano ten gclDinggi 
 fo?tljemojeeafiecomiepingof bimtoMofco, from ioljencetbiscittebjass Di(tantnuefjuuD?co 
 miles. 
 
 ^bJomflcSon this Coe Mofco there met tlje ambaffaoo? foure gentlemen of goon account, 
 accompanies Voitlj rtno htmo?eo ljo?fe : toljo after a litle falutation, not familiar, tuitljout unga- 
 ting , toloe htm that tbep bao to fap to him from tlje €mpero? , ano moulD Ijaue baa him light on 
 foot to Ijaue bcarD it, nottoitbffaiiDing tljemfelues tooulD ffillljaue fit on ho?fcbacfe.e ; toljicb the 
 ambalTaoo? foonerefttfeo to Doe, anD fo tbepttooo longbpon tecmes,bJbether botlj parties fhoulo 
 light o? no t : uijicb afteroiaros agreeo Upon, there teas pet great mceueffc tatjofc foot fbotiio not 
 bcfirffoMgrounn/ 
 
 tljetr meffage beingoeltttcreDj ano after liauing emb?aceo echotljer, tl;ep concttctrb the fapn 
 ambaffaoo? to his looging at Mofco, a boufe builoeo of purpofefojbtm, trjemfeittes being placeo 
 in tlje nert houfc to it, as appointeo to furntlb Ijim of all pjouifions, anb to be bfeo bpljim bpon all 
 other occafiong, 
 
 •S-lje anibalfaooj 'jautng betne fomebapesf in Mofco, anb Ijauing in all tbattime beneberp ho* 
 nojablpbftb from tlje <£mpero? (fo? fnchboasljistoill) though fome of his cbicfcffcounfe:io?3 
 (as is fapo) hab anotljer purpofe, anb bio often times cuaninglp put it inbfe : l;cu>8sfcntfo?ta 
 Court,anb bjas accompanieo tljitljer toitlj about fojtp gentlemen bono?ablp mountcb,anb fump- 
 tuouflp arape b, ? in ijis paffage from Ijis looging to the cottrt,tocre Cittn a toaro fitte o? fire thou-- 
 fanoftjot,tijat toetre of the CmperojsgaiO. Sit the cntrp into the court ibere met him foure noble 
 men apparellea in cloth of golo, anD ricljfurres, tljeir caps emb?oiD?eb uittlj^earie anb eone,telja 
 tonbucteD him tobuaros the >£mpero? , till he boas met toitlj foure others of greater Degree then 
 tljep , tuljo guiDeb butt pet further totoaras the €mpero?, in torjicbpafTage there tteoo along tlje 
 toalleji, ana fate bpon benches ano fottrmes in toto, feuen o? eight Ijunojcb perfons.faiD to be no* 
 bUmen ano gcnclemcn^l! apparelleD in garments of coloureo fatins anb doth of goloe. 
 
 Zi)t(c foure noblemen accompantcb him to t^e Cmpero?s chamber Dco?e,bJljere met him tlje 
 €mpero?s heralD,b)ljofc office is there held great: ano tottlj tym all the great officers of the €m* 
 perojs chamber, toljo all conDitcteo him to the place bohere the €mpero? fate in his flate, bauing 
 tbjee crobancs flanoingbp him, viz. of Mofcoiiia.Cazan, anb Aftrakan, ano alfo bp him 4 foong 
 noblemen of about tuientp peres ofage,of eel) fioe tloaine, coftlp apparelleD intobtte, faolDingbp^ 
 on tfaeir (bouloers eclj of them a b?oce are, much like to a ©alloglas are of Ireland, thin ano berp 
 fljarpe, the ilcale 2 banole not pad tjalfe a paro long, ano there fate about tlje chamber bpon ben« 
 tbes ano other lobi fents,aboue an bunDieo noblemen ricljlp apparelleD in cloth of goloe. 
 
 $.be ambaffaboj being thus brought to tlje €mpero? to kiltebis.b anb,aft£t fome compIement» 
 
 £lq 2 an? 
 
 1 , 
 
\6 o The Englifh Voyages, Sir Ierome c Bow>es. 
 
 anu u^-uueot heripiieuies bealttj , be ttilleo him to goefttootonem a place pjouioeo fojtljae 
 putpcie , ntglj ten pafesDittant from bim , from ttbence ije ttoulo rjaue IjaD him to Ijaue fent bint 
 Ijcr S^eicaiee leitecs anu pjefent, torjtcI)trjeamoaflaDoutt!jmWng;notreafonaWe {reptfo?toar& 
 tottaras the Cmpcroj : into^tcljpaflao;eirjecljanceUo?cametonie£t^m,aHDtBwiloiaHCtafet« 
 bis letters : to tobom tbe ambattaDti? fapo,tbat her Spaiettp rjao oirecteD no letters to him; ano fo 
 toent on, anD oeltttereD tbem btmfelfe to tbe Cmpero js ottne banos. 
 
 3m nfter.ljauing tbtts Deliucteo ijcr Spaictties IcttrriS ano ttljat be IjaD els to fap at that time, 
 be toas coiioucteD to the Counccll chamber, tobere IjauinghaD conference toicbtbecouncell of 
 matters of bis antbalTage,bc ttas foone after fentfojagaine to tlje Cmperour, toljere tic Dsneoiu 
 ijisyjiTeixce at a fioe table, nere onto bint, ano all bis companp at anotber boojD bp,toherealfoDi* 
 neb at other tables in the fame place , all the cbt'efe noble men tijat tocre about tbe Court , to the 
 number of an bunDjeo, ano in tbe time of this Dinner, tlje CmperojbfcDmanp fauojs to tlje ain- 
 bauaDottrano about the miDtt of Dinner (ttauDingbp) Djanke a great caroufe to the health of u> 
 ©tieene bis goon fitter, ano fent bim a great bottle full of Shentuj tnine ano fugar to pledge bint, 
 
 Cbe ambaffaDourafcerthiB.ttasofcen calleDto Court.tobere be bao conference both ttitlj the 
 Cmperour anoljis counccll of the matters in queflion, touching botb ambau"ages,ttb!cb timers 
 times ratfeo manpiarres : ano in tbe eno, after funD jp meetings, tbe Cmperour finning Ijimfelfe 
 notfatifSco to bis liking, fo? that the ambafiabourbaD not potter bpbis commiflionto peelDto 
 cucrp tbing tbit Ije tbcugbt fit,as a man ttbofe ttill teas feloome toonteo to be gainfapo,let loofe 
 Ijis p.iu"tcn,ano ttitlj a {feme ano angep countenance toloe bim tbat be Die not reckon tlje Slucene 
 of Cnglano to be bis fellott : fo? tbere are (quotlj be) tbat are Ijer betters, 
 
 %\)e ambaffabcur grcatlpmifltRtngtbefefpeecbcs,f being oerpbntoiHing (bote Dangerous 
 foeuer it might ppoue to Ijis ottne pcrfon) to giue ttap to tlje Cmpero j , to Derogate ougbt front 
 tbe Ijonour ano greatneffe of ber S^aieflp : anD finoing alfo tljat to fubiect Ijimfelfe to tbe angrie 
 bumcur ano sifpofuion of tlje Cmperour toas not tbemcanes to ttinne ougbt at bis banos, toith) 
 like courage ano countenance toanfttere bis, tolDebimtljat tlje ditteene IjisSpittrcITetoasas 
 great a pn'ncc as anp teas iuCbuttenoome, equall to Ijim tljat tbcugbt Ijimfelfe tlje greatcft,tteH 
 able to Defcnoberfrifeagatntt bis malice toljofoeuer, anottantcDnomeancs tooffeno anp tljat 
 either Ojee bas , 0} ujoulo baue caufe to be cnempttuo, 3gea (quotb be) Ipott fapefl tljcu to the 
 tfrcncljking,anbtbekingofSpaine? £®arp (quotlj tbe ambanaoour) 3botoetbeSElueenemt> 
 g^iHreiTeasgreatasanpoftijem botb. 'Sflbentobatfapcttthou (quotbhee) totbeCmperourof 
 (Scrmanp*: Siucljts tbe greatneffe of tbeClueenemp^iCrelle (quotlj the ambaflaDcur) asrhe 
 Bingberfatljet:baD(notlengfince)tbe€mpero?inbt!3pap,tnbiSttarre9!agatnttJr"rance, 
 
 'Sljis anftneremifltkcD the Cmpero j petfomucbmo?e,as tbat be toloe the anu)afraDour,tljfle 
 ttcre Ije not an ambaffaDo£,lje ttoulo tbjotobim out of tlje ooo?es 4 &Lthe reunto Ije anfttereo tbat 
 be mtgljt Dae bis ttill , fo? he toas nott fall ttitbin b'is countrcp : but be Ijao a ^iflrrffe ttljo (be 
 Dottbtea not) ttoulo be reuengeo of anp iniurp tbat fijoulo be Done onto bim. (Hlbereupontbe 
 Cmperour in great fuDDenbaoe bim get bim Ijome. 9nDbettttbnomojereuerencetbciifucbb-= 
 (age rcquireo, faluteo tbe Cmpcro?, ano ttent his ttap. 
 
 9!ltljisnottoitb3anDing, tbeambalTaDour ttasnotmucljfooner out of the chamber, anot&e 
 Cmperours cbolar fomcttbat fetleo , but be ccliucrcD to Ijis counccll tbat ftooD about bim man? 
 commenDations in the fauoj of tlje ambalfaDo^fo? tljat be ttoulo iwt inoure one ill toojo to be fpo a 
 ken againft his Opiilreuc, ano tberettitljalltoiujeD bimfelfe to Ijaue fuch a feruant, 
 
 ^t ambaffhDour Ij^id not bcene muclj mo je tljeu one Ijoure in bis looging, but tbe Cmperout 
 imagining (asitfeemeo) bptlje ertrao?Dinarpbcbauio?oftljeambaflaDo?(fo?ljetoanteDnotttit 
 to iuDge) tljat Ije bao founo tobat ttas tbe Cmpero^s cafe, fent bis p jincipall fecretarp tonto him, 
 to tellljim, tbatnotttitljflancingttljatbaDpafl, pet fo? tlje great loue that bebareto tljeflueene 
 bis ftfler, be tTjoulo iierp fijoulp be calico againe to Courc,anD Ijaue a refolution of all tlje mattersf 
 in queflion x ano tljis fecretarp ttas nott further content to impart,anD fapo to tlje ambauaDouc 
 that tlje Cmperour toas fullp refolueo to fcnD a greater noble man home ttitlj him in ambaflage 
 to the SQucene his GCrcr,tbcn tuer Ije pet at anp time fent cut of bis countrcp: ano tljat he oe termi* 
 neDaltbtofenDtothe2Ciuceneap?efentttoo?tljtlj?eetbouf6nDpoisnDs,anDtograti6ehimfclfeat 
 bis Departure ttitb a gifttbatfljculDbetooojtbathoufanopoHnts : anD tolceh'm alfo that the 
 nert Dap the Cmperour ttoulo feno a great noble man tmto bim, to conftrre ttitlj Ijim of certaine 
 abttfes Done him bp Shalkan tbe cbancello?, anoljis minitters. 
 
 3no fo the Dap follottingbe fent Bodan Bclskoy the cljicfeff counfellcr that fie Ijao.a man moff 
 in create ttitlj htm : this man eramineD all matters ttberctoitb tlje ambaflaooj IjaD fcuno Ijimfelfe 
 grieue d , ano fupplicD bim ttitb ttbat bee ttanteD, anD tighten him in all things ttijerein bee bau 
 liecnett?ongtD* 
 
 U5oc 
 
 
r 
 
 461 
 
 (%Xaa altincs of talloto canolcj?. ~\. 
 
 One fourtlj pact of a beatber of cfjctrie 
 mean, 
 
 9smuch of Mallynouomead. 
 
 Spalfc a Deader of burnt toine, 
 
 ©ne Deader of foDDen me an callec O- 
 barni. 
 
 €fo?ee weathers of ftoeet mean, 
 j €.en>eatfocrsoftofoitemeau. 
 1 5F tfteene seatfoiWof o?oinarp meac, 
 
 Satire beatfoerg of ftoeet beere, 
 
 jfifteenebeatbers of bceee. 
 
 JJJalfeapounoof pepper, 
 
 €fo?ee follttincks o? cunces of faffrott. 
 
 ©ne follitincke of mafe, 
 
 ©ne foIlitincRe of nutmegs, 
 
 3Ltoo fclUtincfceof clours, 
 
 "©bier follitinekg of finamon. 
 
 > 
 
 Sir ler ome Solves. Traffiques,<3c Difcoueries. 
 
 H2ot long; dtzx tlje rewrite of rfots noble man,tbe ffimpero? catifcc to be fct Cotoncin bis ctone~ 
 jj'je&nc*, a iuto ana much larger allotiwnce ef Diet foj the ambaffaco? then fje ban ban befo?e,ana 
 . flS)ojt!j) after fciittije fame to tbeambaffaDoarbpfois pjincipall ^>ecretarieSauioFrollo. 'Cfois 
 Diet tuas to great, as tfoe ambaffaoour often times fougfottofoaueitleffcnec, but tfoc Cmperouc 
 tooulo not bp ant? meaner. 
 
 , . The fcroule of the new diet was this ; 
 
 ©ne btifbell of fine meafc foj tfo?ec capes, 
 
 ©ne buffoell of tofoeate meale fo ? aoap ano 
 afonlfc, 
 
 ©too line geefefc? one nap, 
 
 ■Stocntp benttf si fo? tfoe Dap, 
 
 sg)eticnB)eepcfo?aoap, 
 
 ©neorefo?tb?cecapes, 
 
 ©ne fine ofpojke fo? a Dap, 
 _ &cttentie egges f o? a Cap, 
 i tEenpotmo of butter, 
 
 &enetttppenptobiteloattesofb?eaD, 
 
 ©toelue penp loaues of b?eao. 
 
 ©ne tocathct o? gallon of tomeger, 
 
 ■£too bcathers of fait cabiges, 
 
 ©ncpecke of onions, 
 
 'Eenpountioffalt. 
 
 ©n aitine,o? fire penp tooojtfo oftpajee cam 
 
 Me*. 
 
 ^©nebulfocllofoatg.o 
 jProuender, <©neloaoofhap, £- 
 c©neloasofffrato, j 
 
 Boto foe began fo mucfo to oifcouer his purpofe ano affections totoarcs foer SlMcffp j her conn* 
 rrep.as foe fent to tbe ambaffsDo? 3 intreatmg b«M tfoat fois ||p?cacfoer,anD oocto? Iacob fois Cngliu; sg.CoW. 
 jfopfictan , might fetootonetbepoint3 of tbe religion in bfe in€nglanti , tofoich the ambaffaoour 
 trnifes to be cone acco?cinglp,ano fent tfoem unto foim,tofoo feemeo fo toell to lifee tfoem,as foe can* 
 fee t ?cm (toitfo mucfo gooo allowance) to bepubl&elp reac befoje Diners of fois councell, ana ma» 
 npothtrsofbiSnobUttp, 
 
 jSoto foe o?cto footlp" agatne in qtteftion to marrp fome feinfetooman of foet SpateOies,? tfoat foe 
 tooulo feno agcine into ©nglano,to foaue fome one of tfoem to tetfe, ano if foer Spaiefiie tooulo noc 
 upon fois nert ambaffage fenc foim fucfo a one as foe requirec , foimftlfe tooulo tfoen goe into €ng* 
 iano^ano carp bis treafure toitfo foim, ano matrp one of tfoem tijere, 
 
 $ere pott mnll bnoerGano tbat tlje petrc bcfo?e tfois ambaffage , foe foac fentto foer fl^aieflfp bp 
 fois ambaffaoo ? to foaue foac (foe iaop Mary Kaflings in marriage, tofoicfointreatp bpmeanes of foer 
 inabilttp of bocp, b? eccafion of mucfo fickneffe.o? petfoaps, of no great lifting eitfoec of foerfelfe o? 
 fcienos, oj botb,tool?c no place. 
 
 ■Efoc ambaffaoo? toas noto fo farre grotocn into tfoc ©mperojs fauo j , f fois affection fo great to 
 Cnglanc, as tfootc great counfellers tfoat lucre tlje ambaKaoojs great enemies befo jc.toere noto 
 Cefirous of fome publtfce courtefics at fois foancs fo? tfoeir aouantage to tbe Cmperour : neitfotr 
 Dtttflt tfoep noto anp mo?e interpofe tfoemfdues ttoirt tbe Cmperour anc foim:fo? not long befo?e 
 tfois, tfoc €mpero? fo? abufing tfoe ambaffaco?, foac (to (foeto fois fauo? totoaros foim) beaten Shal- 
 kan tfoe cfoanceller bcrp gtieuoufip, anc foac fent foim too?D,tfoat foe tooulc not leane one of fois race 
 aliue, 
 
 J(2ototofoiIe2 tfoe ambaffaDo? toas tfousffronglppoffeffof tfoe ©mperours fauo?, foeimplopeti 
 foimfelfe in all foe migfot ,not onelp fo? tfoe fpeeop citpatcfo of tbe negotiationfoe foac in foanc,but la* 
 ooureuaifobp all tfoe goocmeanes foe migfot, furtfoerto benefit fois cottntrep ano countrepmen, 
 ano & not long after toanne at tlje €mperours bancs not onelp all tfoofe tfotngs foe foac in rommtf* 
 Con to treat fo? bp fois infiructions, but alfo fome other of goocano great importance, fo ? tfoe be« 
 nefitoftfoemercfoants, 
 
 Priuate futes obteined of the Emperor by the ambafTacior. 
 
 LCaue fo?Richard Franftum an (£ngli(fo manancapotfoecarp to tfoe €mperour,foistoife,anB 
 cfoiic?en, to come foome into Cnglano, anc to b?ing toitfo foim allfucfo goacs as foe foac gotten 
 tfotrc, 
 
 ©q 3 ffie 
 
4-tfi 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Sir Ierome Howes. 
 
 ipe otiteuico like leaue fo? Richard times an (Engiiioman one of tbe^mperoursfttrpjions. 
 
 l)t alfo get Icatie foj lane Ricards tbe toiooto of Docto? Bomelius a Dutchman, ano ptipCci-= 
 an ta ti;e € inperottr,toljo fo? treafonp?actifeo toitb tbe kingof Pole againtt t{je fapo Cmperour, 
 toas rottco to oeatb at tlje citp of Mofco,intbe pece 1 579, 
 
 Thefe following he obteined for the behoofe of the merchants. 
 
 HCp?ocrtreo fo? tljc mnrcCiantspjoniiCe of recompenfefo?certainegooDstakenfromtbeic 
 factors bp robbcrp Upon tbe Volga. 
 
 Ipe obtained liketoife tlje papment of fitie buno?eo marks, toljirts toas papo fo? ten peeres be« 
 fo?eljis goir.ginto Ruffia (into tbe €mperoursreceit) fo? a rent ofaljoufe tbat tbep ban at Vo- 
 logda. 
 
 ipe alfa got grantee to? tbem tberepapmentof fiftcene buno?eomar&s,tobicb fcao beneeracteo 
 of tbem tbe ttoolaft percs before Ins commmgtljitber, 
 
 i)e got alfofo?tljemo?oerfo? tbe repapmentofan oloeano oefperate Beit oftl;?e*et^oufano 
 marks, a ocbt fo oefperate ; as foure peeres left out of tljeir accounts, ano bp tbe opinion of tbem 
 all, not tljcugbt fit to be oealt toitb.fo? too mucb offenoingtlje €mpcro?,o? impcacbmgljts otber 
 bttfineffe, tobicb toastbougbtatleattotbertoifefufficieut, ano teas tljerefcje left outofljisin* 
 ffructions from ljer 9s)aieflp. 
 
 fipe obtetneo tbat all flrange rs mere fojbt'ODen to traoe anp mo ?e into Ruflla , ano tljat iljepafc 
 Tage ano trace to all tbe €mpero?s 3$o?tlj?en ccaffs ano cotmtries , from tbe Wardhoufe to tbe 
 riuerofObiTjoulnbeonelpfreetotbeCngUujnation* 
 
 &a<Hp, ofagreatorfirebebaotooo tbe mercbants goon, toitboutmottoneitljcroftbemfelucs 
 bere, 0? tljeir Agents tbere,o? anp otberof tbem , beobteineo of tbe Cmpcrour tlje abatement of 
 all tbeir cutf ome tobicb tljep ban long befo?epapo, ano agreeo ffill to continue,tobicb cuflome tbe 
 Dtttcbmen ano Grangers being remooueo, as noto it toas agreeo, amounteo tottootljoufana 
 pounds pcrelp, 
 
 91! tbf fe niere granteo.fome alreaop papobefo?c bis commi'ig from Mofco,tbe oloe p?utilege 
 ratifito, netolp to?itten, figneo and fealeo.ano leas to be oeliuereo to tbe ambaffaoour at bis nert 
 comming to€ourt,befo?e toljcn tbe Smpeco ?fell fickeofa furfet,ano fo oieo, 
 
 9fter tobofe oeatb tbe cafe toas tooonojouflp altereo toitb tbe ambaffaoo? : fo? tobereas botb in 
 bis otone conceit,ano in all mens opinion els, be boas in great fo?toarones to baue grotoen a great 
 man toitb tbe^mpero?, tobat fo? tljeloue Ije bare to ber spaieCp.ano tbeparticular liking be ban 
 ofljimfelfe, Ijenotofcllinto tbe banns of bis great enemies, MekitaRomanouich ano Andre 
 Shalkan tbe cbanceller, tobo,after tlje oeatb of tbe €mpcrcur,tcoke tlje fpcciall gouermwnt bp« 
 ontbernfelues.ano fo p?efentlp caufeo tbe ambaffaoour to be fljut bp a clofe p?ifontr in bis otone 
 Ijoufe, fo ? tlje fpace of nine toeeks, ano mas fo flraigbtlp guaroto ano baolp bfco bp tbofe tbat at« 
 tenoeobim, asbeoapIpfufprcteofomefurtbcrmifcbfefetobatiefollotocD: fo?in tljistimetbere 
 gren]agreatbp}o?einMolcoofntgbtu)entptboufanop£rfons,n)bicbrEmtmb?ingtbatbisene e 
 miesrtignco, fometoljat ama^cO tbe ambaffaoour, but pet afterbaaros tbe matter fell out againtt 
 tbat great counfelioj Bodan Belskoy.tobom 3! uoteo befoje to be a fpecialman in tbe olo €mpe< 
 ro?s fauoi itobobuas noto nottoitbttanoing lb outragiouflp affaulteo,as tljat betoas fo?ceo to feeke 
 tbe €mpero?s cbamber fo? Ijiet fafetp, ano bias aftertoaros fent aloap to Cazan, a place be bao in 
 gottcrnment, fitiebttnojeomilesfromMofco, niberebebatbremameOEuerlince, anoneueras 
 pet calico againe to court,at tobicb time tbe ambaffaoo? erpectco fome fucb like meafurr ,ano p?c 
 pareo bimfelfe afboell as be coulo, fo? bis oefente : pet bappilp after tbis.iuas fent fo? to court, to 
 lauebisoifpatcb, ano to take bis leaue of tbe Cmpero? ttobitber being conoucteo (not after the 
 tooonteomaner) anob?ougbttotbe councell cbamber, came to bimonelp Shalkan tbe cbancel* 
 ler ano a b?otber of b'-S,bobo toitljout mo?e aooe, toloe bim fo? tlje fumme of bis oifpatcb, tbat tbi* 
 Cmperotir luoulo not treat of fttrtber amitp toitb tbe Clue ene bis miftrettc, tben fucb aB teas be e 
 ttoecne Ijts latefatber ano ber, before bis comming tbitljcr ; ano tooulo not beare anp replp to be 
 maoc bp tlje ambaffaoour, but p?efentlp caufeo botb bimfelfe ano all bis rompanp to be DtfarmeB 
 oftbe!rtoeavons,anogototoarostbe€rripcro?. 3intobicbpaffagetberetoerefucboutrageSof» 
 fereD bim,as bao be not bfeo mo?e patience tben bis oifpofiticn affo?oeo bim,o? tbe occaOon requi- 
 reo.lje Ijao not inlikelibooo efcapeo toitljlife.but pet at Iengtb toasbjougbtto tbe p?efcnee of tbe 
 Cmperour.tobo fapo notbing to bim, but tobat tlje cbanceller ban alreaop Done, but offerco bim a 
 letter to carrp to Ijcr S^aiettp, toljicb tbe ambaffaoour (fo? tbat be knett it conteineo notbing tljat 
 oio concernebisambaffagc) refufeo till be fatobi^ Danger groto too great: neitber tooulo tbe 
 Cmperourfuffertbe ambaffaoour to replp ougbtjitoJboeU be coulo, fb?tb£pbaDnotoofpurpofe 
 
 taken 
 
SirIerome c Bovpes. Traffiques,&Difcoueries. 4^3 
 
 tafeen auiap b# imerp?eto?, being pet BntoillmOJ (as it fremcB, aim fufpecting the ambaffooours 
 purpofe) tljat tlje <£gmpctroj ano other QjoulD knoui Ijoto Diujono?abIp Ije bao bcenc IjantileD : fo? 
 tljeretoas at tljat time,intljatp?efence a nobleb?aue gentleman , one Boris Pheodorouich Gc- <$& great 
 denoe,b?otber to t!je€mpero? tljat nobo is.toljo pet after the oeatb of the Cmperour oio altuapcs j^"-'^ of 
 bfetlje ambaflaoottr mott bono?ablp, ana tootilo berp toillinojlp Ijaue Done bim mucb mo?c kmoe= Lou'^ e °" 
 iicffe, butljts ambo?itp boas not pet,tili tbeto?onation oftfje Cmpero? : butnotbritbaanDingbe 
 fent often unto bith,not long before bis Departure, ano arcompanieD bis manp bono?able fauours 
 luitb a pjefent of ttiio fairc pieces of clotb of goloe, ano a tpmberof berp geno fables: ano Dcltrco 
 tbat as tljere mas runonefTe ano bjotljerljooo t mitt tlje Cmpeco j anD ber spaicflp, fo tberc migbt 
 be loue a«D b?ot!jerbooD ttoirt bint ano tlje ambaflaoour, <§>auing from tljis man , tljere boas nolo 
 no mo?c fattour na \ frienoQjtp left fo? tlje ambaffaDour in Mofcouia : fa? tlje cljanceller Shalkan 
 baonou) fent btmtuo?D tbat tlje CngliO) «Empero?toas DeaDtbc bao nobo notbing offereD !jim but 
 Dangers ano Difgraces too manp, ano a Ijaflp Dtfpatcb from tlje Mofco,tljat be migbt not tarp tbe 
 co?onationoftljeneiu<!£mperour: offences manp in Ijis preparation fojljts long ioutnep,onelp 
 one meane gentleman appointeo to accompanp b'.m to tbe fea (toe, erpecting Dailp in Ijis palTage 
 fome fuDbenreuenge to be Done upon bim, fo? foljebnoerflooD itti)astlj?catncDbeunebis corn^ 
 nitng from tlje Mofco, % tljerefo jc boitlj refolutton p?ouiDeo bp all tbe meanes Ije migljt,bp Ijint* 
 felfe ano bis fcruants fo? bis Defence (foj noto boas bis Danger fenoiuen fuel), as tlje Cugltflj mer^ 
 eljantflDib altogctljer leaue Ijim,altljouglj be commanoeD tljem in bee spaiellies name to arcom* 
 panp Ijimjtbat if anp fttclj tbing ujottlo Ijappen to be offereo bim, as manp of tbcm as be couId tljat 
 fljoufa offer to erccute it,fljoulD Die uutb bimfo?companp : Wbiclj being perceiueo teas tbougljt 
 to mafceljispalfage tbe fafer. $e>o aftertoaro being DjiuentoDifgefl manp iniuriesbp tbe iuap,at 
 lengtlj be recoucrcD g>.$2!eljolas,n)bere rememb?ingbis Unfortunate loffe of tlje oJd <gmnero?, 
 anDbisillbfagefincetbenat tbe Mofco, Ije being fojeco to take a bare letter foj tlje fumme of 
 bis Dtfpatcb, contepning notljitigof tljat be came fo?, anD tljepoo?e ano Difgracefull p?efent fent 
 bim ^in tbe name of tbe Cmperour) in refpect of tljat tljat Was meant bim bp tlje olo Cmpero?, 
 fcnctoingalltbefetobe Done ittDifgrace ofljer flpaieflie.anD Ijimfelfe, DctermincDnobJto be 
 DifcljargeD of fome part of tljem in fuclj tb?t as be couId, ano fo pjouicing as be migbt to pjettenc 
 bis Danger, in getting to bis fijippe , furnifljing anD placing bis men to anf mere anpalfault tljat 
 fijoulD be offereo Ijim, after be Ijae biDDtn farewell to tbe bncourteous gentleman tljat b?ougljt 
 bimtbttljrr,bptb?eeo?fourcoftbebalianteQ: anaDifcreetettmen IjeljaD, IjefenttobeDelittereo 
 bim o?lcft at bis loDging,l;is matUerstoeake letter, anD nio?ue p?efent,anD fo afterniarosbap- 
 pilp (cbouajb Ijatblp) rccouereD bis Qjip in fafetie, altljotigljj jefentlp afterbJaros,tljere was great 
 burlp butip after ljim,to fojee bim to receiue tbe fame againe,buc fatleo of tljeir purpofe.^o came 
 tljcambaffaDourfrom &, jfttcbolas tbcttoelft Dap of Sugufi, ano arriuen at (Srauefeno tlje 
 ttoelft of September folloiuing,anD attenoeo ber spatcflie at tbe court at Oteland5,tDbere,aftei; 
 bauing fci3 Ijer £@aicilies banos, ano Deliuereb fome part of tlje fuccefTe of Ijis ambaffage, be p?e- 
 fentco ber an Elke i} Lofhe.tljelReD Deere of tlje countrep.anb alfo a bjaceof KaineDeare,25uclt; 
 ano Doe, botb bearing berp Ijuge bo jnes: tljep in ber SjMeiiies p?efence Djeh) a fleo ano a man 
 bponit.aftertljemanerof tljeSamocds,apeoplctbatinbabiteintbe|3o?tbeaftfromRulIia,ann 
 toere tljat pcete come ouer tlje fea tntljetointerfeafonbpontbepce J tntbcirfleDS,D?anientou& 
 tljefe oeere into R uffia , Habere tlje ambalfaDour bougljt of tljem feuentecne, toljereof be b^ougljc 
 nine aliue into Kent, 
 
 The maner of the preferring of futes in Q^ufjia, by the example 
 of our Englilh merchants bill, exhibited to the Emperour. 
 
 IOhn Bafili wich, JLo jD.iSing, anD great Dtthe of all Raffia, tbe <£nglifib mercbantSjWilliam, 
 fonne of Thomas, liriclj Ijis companp fuebnto. 
 
 iLojn, in tbe 7o82,peereoftbetoo?los creation, tbpflpaiefliestreafurer.nameDGregorie 
 Mckitowich Borozden.tOobeofbS fo? tljpbfe 1 2. pooos of Ioafe fugar, p?ifeo at 8. robles tlje 
 pooD,tob!'c!jfugartoasfenttotlje||Sloboda.s©o?e,tljefapDGregorietreafurer,too!teofbsfo? W9e«mpe. 
 tljp^aiellie 2oo,rcamesofpaper , p?ireo at 20, altincstbe reame,fo? alltobicbtbemonep batb mwS* * 
 not bene papo toljiclj amountetlj to 2 1 6. robles, 
 3no in tbe 84,p?ere tbp Diake S tephan Lighachdo tooke of bs foj tb? ^paietf p copper plates, 
 fo? tbe fumme of 1 03 2. robles ano one fourtb part unpapD fo?» 
 
 aifointbefaib 84.pccretlip9g)aieQieSDiakescaHeD Iuan Blafghoy.anoIuanSobakin tooke 
 of bs f ? tbp bfe,futiD?p commoDtties,aiiD bane not papo <5 3 o,robles,tbe red of t&e nionep Due fo j 
 tbefaiD gooDSt 
 
 3!«f 
 
4^4-' 
 
 Anno if J}. 
 M.William Bur- 
 reughUMBtjJEII 
 pong,an&Uitti) 
 Iii3 uiorhcrm 
 
 tlHSfitltUOP* 
 
 Newnoxisfi'o 
 the toa6of&. 
 Nicholas U3cftss 
 UiiUa^imies. 
 
 53o«. 
 
 Anno 1554, 
 
 Anno 15 jj. 
 
 «me litngsmtl 
 guiecneB let" 
 tecs. 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, M, Henry Lane. 
 
 3jntbe ^etretijp^ateiltesmaiuterPeterGhoiouen toofee of vjb foj t^p SpatcSic, clot^ / 
 effuno^y fojts.ano bath not papo of tlje monep sue therefore 538. robles, 
 
 3jtttlj£ 88,)Jeecc 3 tljp Dtahes Andrea Shalkan , anD Ifkmay Yeuskoy tOOkCOfbsleaBftp. tbp 
 ^atcirte,totljebauteof267.roblesanoabalfenotpapo, 
 
 8no in tlje fame prere top Stjjaictties Dials Boris Gregori wich bao foj tbp bCe 1 j, bjoao'clot&a 
 of fcttterfc fojts, p jifeo at 2 io.roblcs, thereof oo.roblesarcbnpapo, 
 
 aifointbefato SS.perethpoiak AndreaShalkantookefrombs iooo t rQhIegfi»thee(iLojD) 
 inrraDp monepjpet toe fenoti) not toljetlicr bp tbp S^aicGies appointment. 
 
 ano alfo in tlje 8s>,peerc (Ho?D) tbpsiak Andrea Shalkan tooke from usfo? tbp SJJJaieffp 500, 
 robles,bJ£ knoni not Aether bp tbp ^aifUies o?oer 0? no,becaufe that thp atttbojijeo people 00 
 pecrelp take atoap from bs, neither Do tfjep giue bs right in anp caufe. 
 
 ail the monp (Lc?o,)ix.hich is not papo bg out of tbp spaieilies treafurp faj our eommootties 
 ojtoares^ttb the monep taken from bsbpAndreaShaikan 5 is4273.rob!es 25, altines, 
 
 Eight noble king ana jto^fbeta tljp mercp.ano caufe the moncp co be papo bs Sohich is otaing 
 foiour gooos.asalfo thattohtcljbathbcenetakenfrombss ercenDtbpfatro?,8inganoJtojD, 
 
 A letter of M. HenrieLane to the worfhipfull M. VFilliamSan* 
 derfon, conteining a bricfe difcoiiric of that which paiTcd in the North- 
 eaft difcouery for the fpace of three and thirtieyeeres. 
 
 9Cer Sauderfon, as pott latrlp re queffeo mee, fo baue 31 ftwght, ano though 3| 
 cannot tmoe things that heretofore 3 kept in tojiting , ano lent out to other?, 
 pet perilling at London copies ofmineololctcers to content one that meanetlj 
 to pleafure manp, 31 haue bjieflp ano as trulp as 3i map, ojatocn out as folloto* 
 eth t EljerougbbetoiugmapbeplaneDatpourleafure,o$ as pleafechhimt&ac 
 (ball take tlje paines. 
 
 f irtt the honourable attempt to aifcouer b^ fea JSo jtheafl ano jjSojtfjtocff name&fo ? Cathay, 
 ieing cbieflp p?ocureo bp pjiuileoge fromfeing<EDfciarD the firt.ano other bisnobilitte.bp ano at 
 the cod ano fute of £©.Sebaftian Cabota, then gouerno? fo? oifcoueries toitb Br Andre w Iudde, 
 HrGeorge Barnes,fir William Garrard^.Anthony Hufiie,anO acompanie ofmerchants.iuaS 
 in the lalt pcere of his Sfijaiellies reigne 1553 *%\}t general! charge tobereof laag committeo ta 
 one Br Hu°h Willoughbieknigbt, a gooolp ©entleman, accompanieo toith ftifficient number 
 of piots,9^aiflers,^erchants ano 9S9arincts,hauing thjec (bippes toell funufbeo^o toit,&fje 
 Bona Speran$a,the Edward Bonaduenture,anD the Confidentia.'&be Edward Bonaduenture, 
 Richard Chanceller being plot, anD Steuen Burrough 9paiffer , hauing DifcotiereO Ward- 
 houfe bpon the coaft of Finmark, opflojme 0} fogge oepsrt'e&f rom tlje refl,founo the bap of &♦ 
 Nicholas noto the chiefepo^tfojRuffia, there wintreo in &fetie,auohaDapDcof tlje people a^a 
 btllagecalleoNewnex. 
 
 ^be other ttooujippes attempting further JQojtbtoaros (asappeareobp pamphlets founa 
 after mjiteenbp Br Hugh Willoughbie)toere in September encountrco toitb fitch ertreame 
 colDe,that thepput backeto feefeeatotntringplace : ano miffing the fatoe bapc fell bpon aocferc 
 coaft in Lappia, cntrin g into a Ktucr immeciatelp frozen bp, Bnce oifcouereo , nameo Arzina 
 Reca, oiftant €aftfrom a Euffian S^onaflerp of S^onkcs calico Pechingho, from toljeucc 
 tljep neucr rcturneo , but all to the number of 70. perfona pctiOieo, inliiclj mas fo? boant of er« 
 perience to tjaue maoe caues ano flottes. Cljefe toerc founo boith the ujtppcs the nert sgiummec 
 Anno 1 554. bp Ruffe fiujermen : ano in Auno 1 5 5 5 . the place fent Onto bp Cngliuj S^crcfaants 
 as hereafter appcareth. 
 
 Anno 1 554. thefapD fijippc Edward Bonaduenture (although robbCDbometoartes bp tfk' 
 mings) returneotuithhet companpto London,foetotnganofettingfoouhtlieir entertainments 
 ano oifcouerp of the countreps eucn to the cine of Mofco, from tohence tbcp brought a pjiuilege 
 iujitten in Rufle mith the Kings 0? great Dukes feale, the other tt»o fhippes lookeo foj ano W 
 fenotoen to them tobere theptoere. 
 
 An. i555,tbefaiocompanpof S©ercljants fo? oifcoucrie bpon a neba fupplp, fent thither & 
 gaine luttlj ttao ftjips.to uiit,tlje Edward Bonaduenture^ another bearing tlje name of the King 
 ano Sluccne, Philip ano Marie, tobofe90aieatesbp their letters to the faio Sgofcouue , recom« 
 menoeo fttnojp tbeir fubiects then paffing.lnbcrof certaine,totoit, Richard Chanceller,George 
 Killingworth,Henry Lane.ano Arthur Edwards, after their arriuall at tlje 33ap,ano patting op 
 D wina to Vologda, toent firQop to Mofco,boherc,bpon knoUiUoge of the faio letters,tbcp toitlj 
 tbeiwr ainehao fpeciafl entertainment, toitb houfes ano oiec appoinwo, ano fljojtlp perrnitteo to 
 
 tlje 
 
M. Henry Lane. Traffiques 7 & Difcoueries. 
 
 4<*5 
 
 tijep?incesp?cfence,tlj6p toere uuitlj gentlemen bjougljt though tfjecttte of Mofco, to the cattle 
 ano palacejccplemujeo to:tb numbers of peop!e,ano fome gunners. tEbep entree fottm rocmes, 
 fttrniujeoin fteto toitb ancient grauepcrfonagcs,allin long garments: of funo?? colours, goloc, 
 tilTuc.balDekin, ana biolet,as our beflments ano ropes baue bene in Englandjittaulc with caps, 
 ietocls, ano cljaincs, ^bctJe toere founo to be no courtiers,but ancient Spofcouitcs.inhabitants, 
 anootijec tbeir merchants of crcoite, as tljemaner is, furnifijeo thus from tlje ffiliarorobe anb 
 Crt afurte,toaitingano toearing tint's apparell foj tlje time.ano fo to re3o?e it, 
 
 ■gEljctt entring into tlje pjefence, being a large roomc floojeo toitlj carpetg,toerc men of moje 
 tfiate.anb richer tbeto, in number aboue anljttnbjebfetfqttare : toljo after tbe faio€ngIi(h men 
 came ingoing rcuerence,tljcp all floob bp, tbep mice onelp fitting,ano pet riling at anp occafion, 
 ttljenoutKingaubCiuecnesnamcstoere reaoojfpoken. ^Ijcn after fpcccljes bp i!Uerpj:tatt» 
 on, our nftn killing bis Ijanbc , ano biDben to oinner, toere ttapeo in anotber roome,anb at Dinner 
 b jougljt tb?ottgb,tobere migljt be feene maffte Sitter ann gilt plate, fome like ano as bt'gge as kil* 
 berkins, ano toatljbotoles, ano entriHg tbe Dining place, being the greater roomc, clje pjtncc toas 
 fttbarebcaocb, bis crotone anb ricljcappeftanbmg upon a pinnacle bp, jftotfarrc Dttrnnt fate 
 bis spstropoutmte.toiclj bitters other of his kinD^eo, aim cbiefc Tartarian Captaincs : none 
 fate oueragainftbim,o? anp, at otber tables, tljcirbackes totoarosbimrtobich tables all furru* 
 fyeo toitb gbetts fee, tljetetoasfojihe €ng!ttljinen,nameb bp tbe Ruffes, Ghofti Carabelski,ta 
 toic,flrangcrs cj merchants bp fftip,a table in tbe mioocQ of tlje roome,toberc thrp toere let Direct 
 againfl tljcpjince : ami tbenbegau tlje fertrtce,;bjougbc in bp a number of bis pcong lojoes anti 
 (Sentlemen, in fucb rich attire, as is aboue fpecifcteD : ano dill from tbe princes ta^le (tuttoitb 5 
 flanoing tbeir otone furniture) tbep Ijab bis tobole metres fctouer all in malTte fine goiDc, Dcliue* 
 reo euerp time from him bp name to them,bp tbeir feuerall <£b?<ttian names, as tbep fate,viz.Ri- 
 chard, George, Henry, Arthur, JUkctotfe bjeao ano fttnojp ojinkes of purtfteD meao ', maoe of 
 fine tohite ana clarifieo Ijonie, 9t tbeir riling , tbe pjince calleo tbcm tu Ijis table, to receiue eacfj 
 one a cup from bis banc to njinke, ano tooke into ljts bano Spatter George Killing worths fcearD, ^ xi \y m ,; 
 toljich reaches oucr tbe table, $ pleafantlp oeliueren ittbe Spctropolicane, toljo feeming to bleffe " ortbs b ™ x * 
 it, fapD in Ruffe, this ts (Sens gift. asinneeDeattbattimcittoasnot onclptfjicke, b?oao,ano tousTmstiu 
 pelloto colourec,but in length fine foot ano ttoo inches of affile, 'SLben taking leaue.being night, 
 tljep torve accompauieD ano follototb toitlj anumber , carping pots of o?mkc, ano oifhe? of meat 
 DjelTeD,toourloBgmg, 
 
 Cbis peere the ttoo fijippes.toif b tbe bean bobtes of S)ir Hugh Willoughbie, ano his people, 
 toere fent bntobpSPatttrKillin'gwonh, (tohicljremainco tijere in Mofco agent almottttoo 
 peercs) anb much of tlje gooos ano bictuals mere rerouercb anb faueo. 
 
 Anno 1 556, ^he companp fent ttoo ujipsfojRuflia, toitb ertrao?oinarp matters anb faplers" Anno , Sf e.- 
 to bjing home tfje ttoo (hips, tobicb toere frozen in Lappia,m tbe riuer of Arzinaafo?cfaio,Cbe 
 ttoo fbtps fenc tljts peere from England failing from Lapland to tbe 15ap of S>, Nicholas, tooke 
 tnlabing tottbpalTcHgers.totoitjaRuire ambalTaco? 3 nameb Iofeph Napea.aubfomeofljismeit 
 Cjippeb toitlj Richard Chancellcr in tlje Ed ward.T5tit fo it fel out trjat thettoo tobiclj came from 
 Lappia,to:tballtbeirnetoa9atterSanD Mariners, neucrtoere bearbof, but in fouletocatbcr, 
 anb tojougbt feas,after tbeir ttoo pecres totntting in Lapland,became,as is fuppofco,bntlancb, 
 anb funke, toberein toere b^otoneb alfo biuers 1&vke$ merchants , anb feruants of tlje ambalTa» 
 bour. a tljirb thippe tbe Edward a£b?efapb , falling on the j3o?tb part of Scotland, bpon a 
 rocke toas alfo lott , ano £f affer Chanceller , toitb biuers otljer, ojotoneb. Cbe fapo Kuffc am» 
 bauaoottr fjarolp cfcaping, toitb other bis men,marincrs# lome gooos faueo, toere fent fo? into 
 Scotland , from the ISmg, ©ttecne, ano Merchants ( tbe melTcnger being 9p,Docto? Laurence 
 Huflie , anb ethers : ) ano iljen.ns in tbe cbjonicles appearetlj, bono?ablp enterceineb ano recei 5 
 
 tteb at London. 
 
 'Cbis peere alfo tbe companp furnifljeb anb fent out a pinnelTe, nameo tlje Serchthrift, to oif^ 
 coucctlje barboiotoesintlje jl5o?tb coatt fromNorway toWardhoufe,anofototbe'Bap of <§>♦ 
 Nicholas. "Cljeretoas in her spatter anb pilot, Stephen Burrough , toitb bis bjotljer William, 
 anb etgbt otber, djcirbifcottcrp toas bepono tlje 5c»ap, totoaroe the Samoeds , people otoellmg 
 nearetberiuerof Ob.ano founD a founo o?featoit!j an 31flano calico Vaigats .firttbp them put 
 tntotbeCaroeojSpappe, 31ntbiit place tljeptbieto fnotoe out of tbeir faio pinnelTe, tottb ft)o« 
 uelmn atigutl,bp tobicij ertremtcie, anb lacke of time,tljep came backe to Ruffia, ano tointreo at 
 
 Colmogro, 
 
 Anno 1 5 5 7,®be companp toitlj foure gooo £bips,fent backe tlje faio Ruffe ambauabottr, ann Anno 1 j 57 -. 
 in companp toithhim, fent as an agent.fo? further oifcouerp.Spatter Anthony Ienkinfon, tobo 
 aftertoaro *nno 1 5 5 8, toitb great f auour of tlje pjince of Mofcouia , ann bis letters patten tbe E ° shat U8paSf '' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ■ df 1 
 
/\.66 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, M. Henry Lane, 
 
 1560. 
 
 sritefirfttMbe 
 to '(jeNarue, 
 IS do. 
 
 Akoclt Oitine 
 111 Peifia. 
 
 Bjnnilkr BifB 
 
 in Media. 
 Edwards 6icil 
 At Aftracan, 
 
 nucc Volga to Cazan, ano meaning to Ceeke Cathay up latio, toas Up manp troupes atiD compar 
 r.ics of bnciuil Sectarians encouncrcD,anD in Danger : but keeping companp teich merchants of 
 Ba&ria.o } Boghar.ano Vrgeme,trauelltng toitb camels, he toith fets ccmpanp,tocnt to Boohar, 
 ano no further: tobofe entertainment of ttjc king is to be haD of mailer Ienki nfon^tuljulj returneo 
 anno 1 5 59,t0 Mcfcouie, StlD in anno 1 5 60, be, With Henry Lane, rame Ijome tnto England: 
 tabiclj pecre toas t!je firft fafe returne, toithout loffe j ibiptojacfe , 0? Dead tratgbt,$ burnings', 
 ano at this time toas the firfl traffike to the Narue in Liuonia, tobich confines toitb Lituania, g 
 all the Dominions of Ruffiai ano tlje marfect&faires, commoDities, great totoncs euims, toere 
 fent unto bpDiuersferuants: the reports toere taken bp Henry Lane, Sgcnt, ana eeliucreo to 
 the companie, 1561, Che trace to Rie, ano Rtuel,of olo time hath bene long Once ftequentco bp 
 cue «£ngliib nation, but tljis trace to the Narue toas hitherto conccaleo from us bj> the Danskers 
 
 anb Lubcckers. 
 
 Anno 1 5 6 i .the fat'D Staffer Anthony Icnkinfontoent 9gent into Ruflia,toho the nert peere 
 after.pafringalltljcriuerofVolgatoAftracanjanoouertbeCaipianfeajarntteDinPeriiajanij 
 opened tbetraoe thither* 
 
 aifobetteecnethepecreiSof ij68 t anbi573,fumi?pbopagC0after£©atterlenkinfons,bJtre 
 
 mabebp Thomas Alcock, Arthur Edwards, Staffer Thomas Banni(ier,a!lo Staffer Geffrey 
 Ducket, toljoCc returne (if fpople nccre Volga haD not pjeuenteD bp rouing thee ties; bao altoge« 
 ther falueo ana recouereo the companies ("calico the oloe companies)great loffe, charges, ana w- 
 
 magCS: but the fapingistrue, By vnitie fmall things grow great,& by contention great things 
 
 become fmall.Ctn'S map be bnoerflooD bed bp the companp. Che frotoarDnrfleof Come f«to,atuj 
 eutU Doing of fome btttutt fartojs,toas caufe of much of the euill fueceffe. 
 
 Arthur Edward* toas fent againe 15 79, ano DicDin the bopage at Aftracan. Slbouttohiclj 
 matters, are to be rcmemb^en tlje bopages of S^afler Thomas RandoIphCfquire,am!jau"i(Do?, 
 anno 1 5 6j,%ni> late of g>ir lerome Bowes , anno 1 5 8 3 . both tending ano treating fe? further 
 mfcoueries, freeDome0,anDpjiuiIeges,toberetoitb3l meDDlenot.15ut in conclttfion, fo? their 
 paines ano aouentures this toap (as Diuers Do noto aDapeS other mapes ) as too^tbp (Scntlemtn 
 fent from princes, to Doe their countrep gooD,a pttttijem in pour memojie, totth mp beartp fare* 
 tocll* JF rom S§>, Magarecs neere Dartforch in Kenc, 
 
 Yours Henry Lane. 
 
 t©jTheodor. The mod folemne , and magnificent coronation of |( Tbeodor 
 IuafiowichyEmpeiout of Rujpa&ic.thc tenth of Iune,in the ycere 1584. 
 ieeneandobferuedbyMafter/frew/^r/^gentlemanjandieruant toherMaiefly, 
 a man of great crauell,and long experience in thofe parts : wherwich is alfo ioyncd 
 the courfe of his iourney ouer land from (JWojco to Emden. 
 
 •Efjrtremijof 
 
 luai Vafiliwich 
 I584.aipj.l8. 
 
 1 $en the olo UEmperour Iuan Vafiliwich Dteo , (being about the eight centfj 
 
 |0^9/l of 9p?tH,i j84,after ourcompatation)mthecitteofMofco,bau!ngraig* 
 
 m$MlM nctl 5^ ities '^ tu 5Ba!3 t° m t" m «lt annD bpjoje among feme of the nobt- 
 
 litie^nDcommaltie^hichnotbaithftanDingnjasquicklppacificD, Jmme* 
 
 Diatelp the fame night, the IP^ince Boris Pheodoro wich Godonoua, Knez 
 luanPheodorowich,MeflhisSIafsky,KnezIuanPetrowichSusky,Meki- 
 ta Romanowichil Bodan Iacoulewich Belskoy, being all noble men, ano 
 
 LBonsabopteb cljiefctt in the Cmpero^s 8SUII, efpeciallp the lo?D Boris,u)ljom he aDopteo as bis tljiru fonne, $ 
 miBtrntn**' toas u ? otbei; t0 the Cmp?fu"e,niho teas a ma berp tuel Itheo of al efiates.as na lefle too jthp fo } Ijtjse 
 soiuie. balure tj toifeDome: all tljefe toere appointeo to Difpofe, ej fettle his fonne Pheodor iuanowich, 
 
 Ijattingone Ctoome another, ano all the nobilicie,anD officers tobofoettcr.3!n the moaning p Deab 
 Cmperoj toas lapo into tlje Church of Michael the Archangel, into a fjetorn fepulcre^erp rtcb> 
 Ipoeckcn tottbbettures fit fojfuch apurpofetanDpjefent l|3?oclamatton toas maoe, (€mperoj 
 Pheodor luanow ich of all Ruffia f c, ) 'EbjotiKrjfjut all the titic of Mofco toas great toatch ano 
 toaro, toitb foulDicrs,anb gunners,gooD o?cers eSabliujcD, ano officers placeo to fubaue the tip 
 muIters,anB mainteine quietnes: to fee tobat fpeebe ano politic toas in this cafe bfcD toas a thing 
 Jtoojth the beholDing. ^his beingDone in Mofco, great men of birth ano accempt tocre alfs p?e* 
 fcntlp fent to the holering Cotones, as Smolensk) Vobsko.Kafan, Nouogoi od ^c.tot'th freb) 
 garrifon.anD the olo fent bp. Ss bpon the 4-of d0ap a parliament toas feelD, toh eretn toere aft" em* 
 bleD.the^etrnpolitanejarchbiftcps^iftiops^^oj^anDcljtcfeclcrgiemen.anDalUhenoWItip 
 tobatfocucrttoljere manp matters toere Dttermineb rut pertinent tomppurpofe ,ptt alltenccti 
 
 to 
 
The 8mp. coronation.Tr^ic^it^^. Difcoueries. 467 
 
 to anctorefojmationiiitljcgouetnmcntiUutcfyectallpilKtetmc.aiiD tune luaaagteeo upon ioj ^ rb - U! 
 tbefolcmmstngoftbenctoCmpercjscojonation.Jntbcmcane vnmwf"* 
 
 •JBmpcrojE, tuas luitb tjCC Cljtlo tljC Cniperojsfonne, CharlewichDemetrieluanowich, of one "^'f",^'" 
 
 peres age 0} tSjtre abotttg,fent ttitb Ijer fatljcr Pheodor Pheodorowich Nagay,ij that kinged, (em to°ougi«», 
 
 being 5 /Bjothers.to a totone calico OugIets,tu!jiclj tuaa giuen tonto her, ano tlje poun^ lattice 
 
 bet fonnc.toith all tbe lands belonging to it in tjje (hire, toitb officers of all fojtes appointed , ba» 
 
 tting allowance of apparell,tetoe ls,oiet,bo jfe 5C.in ample maner belonging to tbe cttatc of a p jin» 
 
 ceffc, Ebe time of mourning after their ufe being erpireo, calleD Sorachyn , t} fojtie ojocrite ft>'J* p Bf 
 
 daprs, the Dap of the folemtwing of this coronation, toitb great preparations, teas come , being coionattorh 
 
 Dponthcio.oapofSlune.ij^.anotUatoapthcnSmnBap.lKbeingoftljeageof 2y.pecre3: 
 
 attoljichtimCjS^allerleromHorfeytoaBojticrlprentfoj.auDplaceoinn fit rooriietofce all the 
 
 lblemmtie,€be€mpcroj commingoutofhis Wallace, there toentbefoje bim, the Sj&ctropoli' 
 
 tan, arebbifljops, IBtujops, ano cbiefcfi gjDon&es,ano Clcrgie men , tutcy toerp rich Copes , ano 
 
 ^uetfes garments bpontbcm, carping pictcires of our Haoietfc.toitb tljeCmperours angcll, 
 
 banners, ccnferS, and manp other fttch ceremonious tbmgs,i?nging all the toap. &bc Cmperour 
 
 inithbisnoyilitieinojoerentreijtbeChurchnameBBIaueftina.orBleirednes^berepjapcrfl, 
 
 and f cruice tnere t>rcd,acco?Dmg to the maner of their Cburcfctbat Done, trjep toent tljence to the 
 
 Gburcb, calleD Michael the arcbangell.ano there alfo bfed the like papers , anD ftruice : aim 
 
 from ttjence to our JLaop Cburcb , Prechirta , being their Catheojall £burcb . 31" the miodefl: 
 
 thereof Was a chaire of mateflieplaceD, toherein bis aunccfto js tofed to fit at fucb crtraojdinaric 
 
 times: bis robes toere then changed , anD mott rich anD bmtaluable garments put on him : being; 
 
 placeo in this l^jincelp fcate,bts nobilitp ffanoing rouna about bim in their Degree > his ircperl' 
 
 all Crotonetoas fee upon bis beaDbp the 90ctropolitane,bis <§>cepter globe in bis right bann, 
 
 bisfuiojdof Jufficc in his left of great richest bis cJ.Crotonesalfo, bp tobicb be boloetbbis king* 
 
 domes votrefetbefojehim.and the iojoBorisPhcodorowichtoasplaceDatbisctghtbanotthen 
 
 the Metropolitan reao openlpabookeof a fmall bolume,toitbcrbojtationstotbe€mperourto 
 
 minittertruejuttice.tomiopttiithtranquilitietbe Crotoue of bisaunceftojs, tobub (S5od IjaD 
 
 giutn bim, anD bfed tljefe toojos follototng : 
 
 Through the willofthe almighty &withoutbeginningGod,which was before this world, 
 whom we glorifie in the Tnniue,one onely God,the Father, the Sonne, and the holy Ghoft, 
 makerofalhhings.werkerofaliin all euery where, fulhller of all things, by which will, and 
 workingjhc both liucth,and giueth life to man : that our only God which enlpireth euery one 
 ofvs bis only children with his word to difcerne God through our Lord Iefus Chrift, and the 
 holy quukning fpirit of life,no',vin thefe perilous times eftablifh vs to keepthe right Scepter, 
 andluffervstoraigneofourfeluestothegood profit of the land, to the fubduingof the peo- 
 ple, together with the enemies, & the maintenance of vertue.Snd fo the Metropolitan bkfieO 
 
 anolapobis crofobponfjiin. after this, be toas taken out of Ijtscbaire of S^atcttie, bauingbpon 
 bim anhpper robe aDajnedtottbpjeciotisflenes of all ro?ts,o?ientpearles of great q,uantitie,btt£ 
 altaapes augmented in rtcbeS: it toas in toaigbt ttoo Ijuno jeo pounos,tbe trainc,ano parts there* 
 of borne Dp bp 6\Dukcs,bi8 cljiefe imperiall Crotone Upon b« bead berp precious: bis ffaffeim« 
 periall in bis right baiiD of an unicojnes borne of tbjee foot and a balfe in length befet toitb rich 
 fioncs,bougbt of Merchants of Ausburge bp tbeold Cmperour in An, 1 5 8 1 ,anD cottbim 7000, 
 SBarkcs tlerling. ^bis 3lctoel sp.Hodey fecpt fometimes,befo?e tbe €mperoj bao it.i^iB fcep' 
 ter globe Inas carieD before bim bp tbe pjince Boris Pheodorowich , bis rirb cap befet tpitb ricb 
 fionesanD pcarles toas caried before bimbp a Duke: bis 6,Crotonesalfo mere carieo bp Deme- 
 trius IuanowichGodonoua,tbe<£mperoJSi)ncle,MekitaRomanowichtbeCmpero?Sbncle, 
 Stephan VafiIiwich,Gregory Vafiliwich, Iuan Vafilivvich bjotbers of tbe blOOD ropal«d)US at 
 laft tlje Cmpero; came to tbe great Cburcbooo je, anD the people crieo, (Sod faue our Cmperotif 
 Pheodor Iuanowich of al Ruilia^is bojfe toas there reaopmofl ricblp adomed,toitrja couering 
 of imb?oDered pearle ano precious Soncs,faddle,an& allfurniture agreeable to it, reported to be 
 toojtb jooooo f mattes flerling. 
 
 (Stbwe toas a bridge made of 1 5 o. fadome in length, tlj?ec maner of luaics, tlj^ee foote aboue 
 ground and tlao tadome bjoad, fo? bim to goe from one Church to the other tuitb hts piinces 
 ano nobles fjom the pjetfe of the people, tohich tucrein number infinite , ano fomeat that time 
 pjefieo to death toith the th jong. as the Cmperour returned out of the Cburcbes , tfjcp tuere 
 fp?eddiiDer foot iaitb cloth of gold,thepo?tbes of tbeCburcbes toith fed belde t, the budges toftb 
 fcarlct, and ttammell cloth from one tburch to another: ano as foone as the Cmperc? toaspauea 
 bp,tbeclotbofgolD,beluetano fcarlct tons cut, and taken of tbofe tbat coulo come bp it, ctterp 
 wanD£Grousta[jatteapiece,toieferueit foj a monument : filuec ano goto copne, then, nipntcs 
 
 of 
 
, — '■- -- '- - -• ■ - - ■ - I 
 
 4-<58 The Englifh Voyages, The Snip, coronation. 
 
 I 
 
 ofpurpofe boas cad among tbe people in great quantttie. ^Clje lojtj Boris Pheodorowich mag 
 fumptuouflp,anD ricblp attireD,to)itb bis garments dccrcd tuitlj great o?itnt pearle,befet toittjal 
 foits of precious Cones, JnliRC rich maner toere appareleo all tljefamilpof tbe Godonouaes in 
 tljeirofgrees.toulJtberettoftrjep^nces^nonobiiiticiuIjercofonenamcDKnezIuanMichalo- 
 wich Glynsky,tDboferobe,bo?fe,at«> furniture, teas in rcgider founo too jtfj one buno?eD tbou» 
 fano marker detling, being of great antiquitic. ©be Cmpjefle being in her pallace, teas placeo 
 inher chaire of ^aieflp alfo before a great open toint)Oto:mofip?Etiou3,ani) rich toere her robejf, 
 ano (bining tobcbolctoitb rid) flones,anD orient pearle befet, fjer crotonetuas placeo upon bet 
 IjeatjjactonipanteDnjitbberp^intctregjanotaoiesoferTatettljencrteootittljepeopIejiSotip;^ 
 ferucour noble €mp?eflelrenia. after all this theCmpcrour came into the parliament boufe 
 toljicb boas ricljIpDecheD : tljerc be teas placeo in bis rop.ill feat aoojneoas before; bis 6,crotonest 
 tocre fct before him upon atableube bafm,anoeOjer'ro})aU of golo belo bpbis fenigbt of garbttitft 
 bis men dancing ttoo on each doe in u)hite appatcll of cloth of Glucr,calleo IKino^toitb fceptcrs, 
 ano battle ares of golo in their bancs:tlje H9jinccs,anD nobilitie boere all placeo arcojsing to tbeic 
 Degrees all in tljeir rich roabs* 
 
 Che Cmperottr after a thojt o?atton, permittee eucrp man in ojtier to Riflehis barioe : tobtclj 
 Icing ooncjbe remoueo to a p?incc Ip feate pjepareo fo? him at the table: toberc be teas fcrtteo bp 
 bisnoblcs in berpprincelpojber.Cbetbjeeoutroomes being berp great, ano large lucre be* 
 fet toitb plate of goloe , ano Bluer rouno , from tbc grouno bp to the bauts ore bpon the otber: 
 among toht cb plate niere manp barrels of Gluer .; no goloe : i his folemnitie, ano triumph laden 
 atoboletoecke.tobereinmanp ropallpadimestoere mebaeo ana bfeoj after tohicb tberbiefell 
 men of tbe nobilitie toere electeo to tbeir places of office, $ oignitte.as the prince Boris Pheodo- 
 rowich njasmaoechicfeCounfeflertatheSmpero^qijadrroftbc bo?fe,bao the cbargeofbbs 
 perfon 3 iiuetenant of tbc empirejano 22larlike cngins,(Soucmo j o) liuetenant of tljeCmpire 
 of Cazan, ano A ftracan ano others: to this Dignitie tocre bp parliament, ano gift of tbc €mpe s 
 roj giuen him manp reucnues.ano rich lanos,as there boas giucn ljim,anD bis fo? euer to tnrjertte 
 a p jouince called Vaga,of 3 00. <£itgli(l) miles in length, ano 2 5 o, in bjeotbADtth manp totoneis 
 ano great billagcs populous ano toealthp , bis peerelp reuenue out of that pjouince, is 3 5 . thou* 
 fano marfees derling.being not tbe 5 ♦ part of bis perelp reuenue, .further, be ano bis houfe be of 
 fucbautbo?itte,anDpotoer,tbatm4o,uapes foaming tbep are able to b?mg into tbe fielDe ioo, 
 tjjoufano g>outtners toellfurniibeo, 
 
 ■Cbcconcludonoftbe C-mperojs Coronation teas' a prale of romance, calico a pealeropafl 
 tiuo miles toitbout tlje citie ,being 1 70, great pieces of bjafle of all fojts, as faire as anp can be 
 maoe,tbcfe pieces toere alloifehargeo tuitij (hot againd bultoarbesmaoeof purpofe : 20, tbou- 
 fano bargubufers danDtng in 8 , rankes tloo miles in lengtb , appareleo all in bclttet , coloured 
 ClRetdammelS.bifcbargeBtbeirftjotairottoireoucrmgooDojDenanbfotbeCmperojaccom* 
 panico iMitb all bis princes ano nobles, at tbe lead jo.tboufanoborfeoeparteD tbrougb tljeCitp 
 to bis pallace. Cljis ropall coronation iuouloafhcmucb time, ano manpleaucsof paper to be 
 Defcribeo particularly as it to pcrfo jmcoae iljal fuffice,to bnoetfianD that the like magnificence 
 boas neucr feene in Rulfia. 
 
 Cbe cojsnation.ano other triumpbes enoeo,al the nobtlitie,officers,anb mercbants accojemg 
 to an accudotneo o?oer euerp one in bis place, ano Degree bjougbt rich p?eftnts bnto tbe Cmpe* 
 roj, iuiiljing bim long life ,anD iop in bis feingDome. 
 
 %\)t fametimealfo spader IeromHorfcyaforefain,remapning as feruant tnRufliafoi tbc 
 ©ueencs mod crcellent 90aieflie,tojas calleD for to tlje Cmperoj.as be fate in Ijis impertall feat, 
 ano then alfo a famous Spercbant of jftetljerlanti being nenilp come to Mofco,(tobogauebim 
 tohn it waie. fdfe out to be tbe Ring of §>paines fubicct ) calleo lohn de Wale , toas in line fojt cal'eo fo?» 
 S>ome of tbe nobilitie tooulDhmiep?eferreDthiBfubiect of the Spaniaro bcfbje gaffer Horfey 
 ferunnttotbefiueeneof England,tobereuntoSpaderHorieytoouloinnocafeagree J iaping,be 
 tooulo hatie his Iegges cut off bp the fmees, befoje be tooulD peclo to fucb an iuoignttie offereo to 
 bis <§>oueraignc the fiueenesspaicdp of England, to b?mg the Cmpero? a p?efent , in courfc 
 after tlje IKing of ^paines fubiect, oj anp other tobatfoeuer, %ty Cmpero?, ano tbe li3?ince Bo- 
 ris Pheodorowich pcrcciutng the ControuerfiCjfent tb£ Lo?D ^Creafojcr Peter Iuano wichGala- 
 
 uyn^noVafiliShalkan.botboftbeCounfelljtotbem^hoDeliuereDtbcCmperorbackjSpa. 
 der Horfeys fpeccb'.Uibereupon be boas fird in oroer(as goooreafon) atmitteo anopjefenteo tlje 
 UE.np e 1 0? in tlje beljalfe of the Cngliftj 9percbants tracing tb«ber,a p jefent baidjing bim top,aiiB 
 long to raigne intranquilitte,anD fo fetffeD the Cmpero?sbano,be accepting tbepjefent ojitbgooB 
 liRincc,anoauoucbing,tbatfojbisCdersfahe©uecneElizabethofEngland,bebDoulDljeagra« 
 cious lop to Ijer £©ercl;ants,in as ample mancr as euer Ijis fatber Ijao bemano being Difmiffco, 
 
 be 
 
M.Ierome Horfey. Traffiques > & Difcouenes. 4.69 
 
 bebaDtbcfanteDapfentbtm7o.6i(bcsoffuiiD?pkinDso^ 
 
 ofDjinksberpbountifullp. 9fter him toas the fyefapo fubicct of tlje &pani% king aomittfo 
 
 tottljl)i0pfefciit,vi)|)oin tlje Cmperoj totlleoto be no Icffefaitljfullanoferuiccable bntoljim, tljen 
 
 ttje SQueene of <EngIanos fubiects toere $bao bene.anD t&enttjekingof &paines fubicccsffjowlo 
 
 rcceiuefauouraccojmtiglp. 
 
 311 tbcfe things thus in o jotr perfomif o,p jaifcs toere fungin all tlje cburcljcp, ©Ije Cmperoj 
 ano €mp?effe berp oeuoutlp refo?teo on foote to manp principal Cfeurcbcg in the Citte.ano bpsn 
 Crinitie &tmoap becookc tljemfehtes to a p jogreffc in o?oer of pjoteffton,to a famous monnlle* 
 lie calleo Sergius ano tlje 'Crinttte.tfo.miles oiffant from the Citie of Mofco,accompanieo totth 
 a huge armic of jfroblcmen/Sentlcmen anootljers,mounteo upon gooolp bojfts toitlj furniture 
 accojoinglp. 
 
 %i>t HEmpjefle of oeuotion tooke tbisiournep on foot all tbetoap,aecompanieo toitlj fjcr pun* 
 teIeaanoiaoies,nofmaUnumber:hergttarDanogunnerstoerciHnttmber2ooco. bcr cbtefe 
 counfellet 01 attenoant, toas a noble man oftijeblooD&oial bcr Uncle of great autbojttie calico 
 Dcmecri luanowich Godonoua. 311 tljtspjogrcffc enoeo,botlj the <£mperoj ano Cmpjcffe re* 
 turneoto Mofco : flbojtlpafter the Cmperoj bp the Direction of tbepuncc Boris Pheodorowich, 
 (ient apotoer into tljelano of Siberia,toljere all the rich tables $ Jf ttrres aregotten^bis potoct 
 conquered in one peere ano a balfe, i ooo.miles.3n tbe performance of tljis ttiarre.tljere toas ta* 
 fenpfifoner the<£mpero?.of tlje cotintrep calico Chare Sibersky,ano toitlj tjtm manp otberoukes a f t pH^ t 
 ano noble mcn.tohicb toere b?ougbt to Mosko toitb a guars of louloiers ano gunners,tobo toere tasm piifomr 
 wceiueo into tlje citicinberpbono?ablemaner,anooo tbereremaine totljisoap, . 2}?£jJ l,s * ttt 
 
 l£crcupontbeto?ruptofficers,3u&ges,33uftices, captains ann lieutenants though the tofjole 
 iungoom mere remooueo,ano mo je boneft men fubftttuteo in tbeir places^tntttj erpjeffe comman* 
 oement,bnoer feuere puniujment to ftirceafe tbeir olo bribing 9 ertouion toljicb tbep Ijao bferj tri 
 tbe olo Cmpero^s time, anDnototoerectftctrueiumcetoitboutrefpcctofperfons: ano to tlje 
 eno tljat tljis might be tbe better oone,tbeir lanns ano pcerlp rtipenos toere augmenteo: the great 
 taf kes,cuffomes,anD Dtrties.tobicb toere before lapo bpon tbe people in tbe olo €ropero?s time, 
 toere note abateo,ano fome toljolp remittco,anO no punifbments commanoeo to be bfe^toitbout 
 fufficient ant> Due p?oofe,altljougbtbe crime toere capitall,oeferuing oeatb : manp Dukes ano 
 noble men of great boufes.tljat toerebneer oifpIcafure,ano impnfonco 2o.pecres bp tbe olo €m* 
 peroj, toere notofet at libcttie ano rrOojco to their lanos: allpufoncrs toere let at Iibertie, ano 
 tbeir trefpalfcs fojgiuen. 3In fumme, a great alteration bntucrfallp in tbe gouernment tblotoeo, 
 ano pet all mas Done quietlp, ctuillp, peaceablp, toithout trouble to tbe "Prince, o? offence to tbe 
 gjmbiect : ano this bjco great affurance ano honour to tlje ktngoom,ano all toas accomplifbco bp 
 tbe toifeoom efpeciallp of Irenia tbe£mp?effe. 
 
 ®befe things being rcpo?teo ano carieo to tlje eares of tlje kings ano princess trjat toere bojoe* 
 tens bpon Ruffia, tbep greto fo fearcfull ano terrible to tbem,tljat tlje Monarch of all tbe Scythi- 
 
 anscalleO tbe Crimmc Tartar OJgreaiCanbimfelfe,nameoSophetKcri Alii, cameout of hijEi Soph«Km Ala 
 
 otonecountcep to tbe CmperojofRufifia.accompanieotoitb a great number of Ijisnobilitietoell ^Sx/mw 
 Ijojfeo^ltbougb to tljem tbat toere 2Clj?i(iians tljepfeemeo ruoc, pet tljcp toere perfonable men, rmai at spatco, 
 ano baliant : tbeir commtng toas gratcfull to the €mpero?,ano tljeir entertainment toas bonou= 
 rabIeibeTartarpMnceljauingb?ougbttoitljhimbrstoiues alfo, receiucooftlje Ruffe Cmperoj 
 entertainmcnt^nopjincelptoelcomeacco^Ding to tbeir eCates!. 
 
 3i5ot longafcer,i 2oo.^oli(rj gentlemen,baliant feouloiojs, ano proper men rame to Mosko 
 offring tljctr feruice to tlje Cmperoj.toljo toere all entertai'.ieo:anD in like fojt manp Chirkafles, 
 ano people of otljer nations came ano offreo fe ruice.Qlno atfoone as tlje report of tbte neto crcateo 
 Cnrperoj toas fp?eo ouerotljer kingooms of £urope,tljere toere fent to Ijim funo?p 9mbaffaoo?s 
 to toiffj bi«n top ano pjofperitic in bis kingoom •• tbitljer came 9mbaffaoo?s from tbe Turke, from 
 tljePerfian 3 tlje Bogharian^tbeCrimrnCjtbcGeorgianjanD manp Other Tartar pnKCCS. i&hztz 
 
 tame alfo 9inbaffaoo?s from tbe €mpcro? of Almaine,thePole,tlje S wethen,tl)eDane,$c. ana 
 Gncebis coronation no memie of bis batlj p?cuaileo inljis attempts. 
 
 lit fell out notlong after, that tlje Cmpcroj toas ocltrotig to feno a mettage to tljemoOercel- ^ M \u <sm- 
 \txit SJtteenepf €ugIano,for tobiclj terttfee be thought no man fitter tljcn sj^Jerome Horfey ,fup' %%*?£&!" 
 pottng; tbatonc of tbe Quer nes otone men ano fubiccts tooulo be tlje mo^e acceptable to Ijcr.^be uSaSaJSw 
 fumiitfeof tobicb melfage toas,tljat tlje € wpero ? DcGreo a continuanceof tbat league, frienofljip, ^°l° tS|e 
 amitie ano intcrcourfc of traffique toljiclj toas bettoeene his father ano tlje Queens maicllte ano 
 ber fubiects,toitb other pnttate affaires be!toes,tobic!j are not to be mane common. 
 
 Spafier Horfey bauingrecetueo the letters ano rcqttetts of tlje «Empcrour, pjouioeo fo? bfe age^g'^Jrlo 
 iournep otter lano, anooeparteoftomMofcotbe6ftoapof^>eptcmber,thencebntoOtuer, to toengMnaw 
 
 Kr Toifliook, nctUR0 - 
 
4-7° 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, MJerome Horjey. 
 
 Torlhook,to great Nouogrod.to Vobsky,8nlJ tb«n« to Nyhoufc in Liuonia, to Wendcn, anB 
 fo to R i ga : (tobere be toas bcfe t, anD b jottgb t f oo jtbtoitb before a Caroinall calico Rageuil, but 
 petfuffreo topaffe inrbeenD : ) JFrem thence to Mito,eo Golden, ano LibouinCurland,to Me- 
 mento Konings burgh in Pr uffi a,to Elbing ,t0 Dantzike.to Stctine in Pomerland, to Ro ti oc k„ 
 to Lubeck,to Hamborough ,ta Brcmc.to Emdcn,anD bp fea to Lonoon. "iScing arrturo at dec 
 tnaieflies retail co tir t,ano bantng oeliuereb the & mpero js letters tuitlj goon fauour, ann gract* 
 otis acceptance, be bias foo?chtotcb againe commaunoeb to repaffe into Rufll a ? toicb other letters 
 from ber maieflie to tbe £mpero?,ano pjince Boris Phcodorowkh, anftocring tlje Cmperojs 
 Iettr r.B,ano toithall requeuing crje fattour ano f rimo(bip,toI.) icb bis father hab pectoeb to tbe Gn« 
 glitb met chants : ann bereunto toast be earnettlp alto folic tteo bp tbe met chants of H onoon ebtm* 
 ftlueg oftrjat company ,to oeale in t be ir be&alfe,T5efng tljus oifpa t cljeo from Loneon bp fea.be at« 
 « J s 6 r iueo in Mofco,tbe io,of 3 p?il 1 5 8<5.ano toas berp bono?ablp toelcommeb.9no fo j p* merchants 
 beboofe,obtaincD all bis requefl^beingtbcrtinfpecianpfauoureBbp^ noble p?inceBorisPheo- 
 doro wi ch,tobo altoapes affecteo Sp, Hoifcy toith fpcciall lilting, 3nb bailing obtained p?iuileb« 
 ges fo ? tbe merchant s,bc toas recomrnenb co from tbe Cmpero? againe, to tbe SQurenc of tfng* 
 lanobismifftcfTe, bptobom tbe pjince Boris, tntoken of bis honorable anb goob opinion of the 
 SQueens maiettie,fent ber bighneue a roiall pjefent of Sables, tu?ar ns, doth of golo anb other 
 rich tbtngs.&o that tbe Companie of £ngli(h merchant s,nert to their tbankfulnes to her mate 
 flie,are to account <$,Horfeis paines tbetr fpeciall benefit, tobo obtaineb foj tbtm tbofe pjunle* 
 geSjtobirb in ttoentiepeeres before tooulo not be granteo. 
 
 . &bemanerof^.Horreisiaftbifpatcbfromtbe^mpero?, becaufe it toas toerp honorable, 3 
 thought goob to rcco?b,$c toas freelp allotoeb pott bodies fo? bim ano bis fcraants, victuals anb 
 all other neceffaries f o> bis long tout nep : at euerp to tone ttjat he came bnto from Mofco to Vo. 
 logda,tohfchis bp iano Sue bunojteo miles, he receiueo tbe like free ano bountifull allowances, 
 attbeCmperojScbarge, jQetobictuallaRbpjouifiofitoeregtuenbimbpontberiucrDwinaat 
 euerp totone bp tbe Rings officers,being one tboufanb miles in length. Cabcn ¥ tame to tbe ncto 
 tattle caileb ArchangeCbe toas rtceiueb of the Duke Knez Vafili Andrcwich Ifuenogorodsky 
 bp tbe Cmpcrojs commiffton into the C aClr ,gtt«ncrs being fee in rankes after their bfe, tobere 
 Ire toas fumptuouflp feaffeo : from thence bee toas bifpat ch eo toith bountifull p;ouifion ano al« 
 lotoance in tbe Dukes boat , toith one bunojeb men to rotoe him, ano one bunbjeb 03 miners in 0- 
 ther boats to conouct him, toith a gentleman captaine of tbe Gunners. Comming to tberoaD 
 tobere the €ngbfli,Dutcb,ano French ibips robe,tbe gunners bifebargeb, ano tbe ujips (hot in 
 like mancr 46, pieces of their ojbinance, ? fo be toas brought to bis lobging at the Cngltu) boufe 
 bponRofdfland. 
 
 3no that tohicb toas tbe full ano complete concluGon of tbe fanonr of the Crnnero? ami Boris 
 
 Pheodoro wich totoarb Sp»H or fey^bere tocre tbenett bap lent bim fo; bis further pjomBon bp- 
 on tbe fea bp a gentleman anb a captaine the tilings felotoing. 
 
 ioMmeoren. 
 7o,(heepe, 
 doo.bens. 
 2s.flitchesofi5aron. 
 * So.bmbelsofmeale, 
 6oo,loauesofb?eab, 
 
 2000,CgB, 
 
 lcgecfe. 
 
 a.ftoans, 
 
 6j,gallongofmcab, 
 4O.gall0nS Of Aquauitz. 
 
 6o,gallon0ofbeere, 
 x^ ^pongbeares» 
 4.batokes« 
 S)to?e of onions ano garble, 
 
 lo.freujfalmons. 
 .9ltoilDbo;e. 
 
 .2. cranes, 
 Sllthefe things toerc brought bimootonehp a ©entlemanoftbeCmperojs, anbanotber of 
 pjtnce Boris Pheodoro wich ,gt toere receiHeo in joer bp Iohn Frefe ftruant to ^p.Horfey,toge« 
 t her toith an bonojable p^efent ano retoarb from the p?ince Boris,fent bim bp Sp. Francis Cherry 
 an Cngliihman: tobicb p?efen t toas a tobole be rp rich piece of do tb of golo, 9 a tail* paire of &a« 
 hies, 'Cbis (Gentleman bath obferueb manp other rare things concerning tbofe 'partes, tohicb; 
 b ere after (<6oo to tiling) at mo je conuenient time anb laifure (hall come to light, 
 
 Theodorluanowkb the new Emperors gracious letter of priuilege to 
 the Englifh Merchants wordfor word,obtained by \A.leromeHorfey.i J Sf. 
 
 1 Up ?o ugh the toil of the almight ie.anb toit ho u t beginning (Sett, tohicb toas befoje tbut 
 ' too?lo,tobom toe glo?ifie in p Urinitie.one onlp ojoo the father,tbe fotmejano thebo* 
 ) Ip gbolt,makcr of all tbings,too;ker of all in all euerp tohere,fu(rtller of aS tbing^bp 
 1 tobtcb toill ano too;tting|e both louetb anb giuetb life to man, Ztyt our onelp <&od, 
 
 tohjc) 
 
M Jerome Hot fey. TrafHques,& Difcoueries. 
 
 toOitb infiJirccb cucrp one of »js feis oncly c^ilojcn H3Uljt)tp Ixio^d , to bifrerne C5oo though out 
 Lo;o 3lefus£b;iir,anb the bolp qmckring fpint of life uoto in tbefe perilous times, CfiabliQj bs$ 
 to keep the right Steepler, ano fuffcr fts of our felties to raigne to the gooapjofice of tbe lana,ano 
 to the fttbbumg of tbe pr opIe.togTther toitlj the enemies,anb to tl;e maintenance of cert ue. 
 <!3He Phcodor tlje ofYpung of.Iohn,tbe great Io;o,<£mpero;,king ano great p;;nce of all Ruf- 
 
 fia.of Volodemcria,Mofcouia anaNouogrod.king of Cazan.kingof Aiiracan,lLo;0 of Plesko, 
 anOajrcatpjtnceofSmolenskOjOfTucrjYougoria.Pcrmia.Vktsko.ofBoIgharantiOtbers.lojB 
 ano great p;intc of the lanb of the lotoer Nouogrod ,Chernigo,Re7.an, Polotsko, Rollo w, Yc- 
 raflauc.the COhtte lake,Liefland,Oudor,Condcnia,anb Uculcr Of nil Siberia, anb all tlje j9o;th/ 
 fibe,anblo;o of manp other countries, 
 
 3! tjaue gratifieb tlje merchants Of CnglflUtl.tO toit, fir Rowland Hai ward, ano Richard Mar- 
 tinaHiermcn,firGeorge Barnes jThornasSmichefqutre, I«omeHorfey,RichardSaltonftall, 
 toitlj their fellotocs. 
 
 Slbaueliccnfeb tljemtofailetoitbtbetrnjippesintoouroommion thelanbofDwina, toithaU* 
 kintiiifcommoijtuestotratjcfreclp, antjiiiitoottrkingtiomanDttjerittcofMofco, auatoallthe 
 cities of our empire of Mofcouia. 
 
 &>.vd the cngliuj merchants fir Rowland Haiward $ ht&fbctetie eefiree bs, that toe tooulb gra= 
 tific cbem to trace into our kingoom of Mofcouia, am> into our heritage of great Nouogrod arm 
 Plesko,anu intoallparts of our kingbom,tobttp ana fell truth their toares toitbout cuftome, 
 . •■Ebercfoje toe fo; our fillers fake Elueene Elizabcch, $ alfo becaufcttjat thep allege that tbep 
 ban great loffe ana hinberauce bp the bent urc of the fea,ano otbertoikhaue gratifieD the fain €n* 
 gitflj merchants fir Rowland Haiward ano Ijis focictie,frtclp to come into our kingoom of Mof- 
 couia,aub tntoal our Dominions toith alkino of ccmmobities,to traoc,$ crarTiqucfrcdp.fr at their 
 pleafure toith all Kino of their commobities : alfo 31 baue commanocb not to take anp manec of 
 cufiomc fo? their gooos.uo; other cufloms toljatfocucr: Shac is to fap,neitbcr fo; patting bp anp 
 place bp toatcr.no; t'o; lanching,neicher fo; pairing t lj ; ough anp place bp (ano, neither fo; the bef» 
 fels o; boats,no; fo; their beabs, no? fo; pairing ouer b;ibges, no; fo? ferping otter at anp place, 
 neither fo? acknotoleogcmcnt at anp place tohere tbep (hall come, no; anp manec of cufiomc o j 
 Dutie,bp tohat name tbeiier. 
 
 © nip tljep (hal not bung toith them into our Dominions, neither recarie out of our Dominions, 
 o; father anp other mens goons but their otone .neither fell them no; barter them atoap fo; them. 
 Mo our naturall people (ball not hup ano fell fo ; than ,o? from tbem.netther (hal tljep retainc 
 o;keepe anp of our natural! fubiects goobs,o; patents bp tbemto colour them,, 
 
 aifottcpujall not fcrro anp of their Ruffe i'eruants about into anp citie coingrofle, o; bup top 
 torrrmobities.but into tohat citie thcpthemfelues (hal come,thep fijal bup anb fel,attb fijalfeltheic 
 otone commobities anb not ours, 
 
 ana toben tbep (hal come into our inheritance of great Nouogrod anb Plcsko,anb th;ough al! 
 our bominions toith t^dr commo Dities .then our noblemen anb cap t ains,anb e*crp one of our of > 
 ficers (hall futter them to Depart accojoing to this our later,? fhall take no cuttom at all of them, 
 fo;anp of their commobitics,neithcrfo;pairmgth;oiigho;pa{fingbp, no;fo; pafiageoucr anp 
 b;iages,no; (hall take of them anp other butte toljatfoeuer name the p baue, 
 
 9lfo into tohat places of our Dominions; toljcn tbep (hal happen to come.anb to p;oceeo to bup 
 «;fcll,anb tohcrcfoctter thep (hall pafle th?ottgh toith gooos not buping of anp commobities, nei« 
 thertoill fell their otone, then iiuhoft cities anb totoucs thep (hall take no mancr of cufiomc o; 
 butte of them,arco;Din<r,lp as before. 
 
 ana3lhaucgratitlebrhcmanbgiuctuhanfrccleauc to traffiqtte throughout all the bomini* 
 ore of out kingoom in all cities toit lj their goobs,to bup anb fell all mancr of commobities, toitlj* 
 out anp butie o; cufiomc tohat focu:i\ 
 
 Snb the Cngltfh merchants toljcrc tljep are Defirous to bupo; fell, 02 barter their toares toitlj 
 our merchants.toboletoares fo;toares,thcp n.wl fell their commobities tohole,anb not bp retaile: 
 Cbatifl to fap .neither bp fmall toeightno; bv tlje paro,to fell 0; barter tn their otone IjouCw, anb 
 thep Qjal fel ana barter their toares toliolp.Cloth bp tlje packe.ana bp the tohole Cloth, ano Da* 
 ntafke ano beluct bp thepiecc anb not bp the paro,anb al maner of commobities that are to be foln 
 bp tocisht.not to fell bp tlje fmall toeigbts,as bp tlje pouao ana ounce,but bp toljole falc:alfb thep 
 fljall fcl toitus bp tlje pipe: ano bp the gal!on,quart 0; fioope thep Qjal not fell. 
 
 3nb tljep Djall bup,fell ano crcbangc their otone commootties thcmlelues, anb the Ruffe mer- 
 chants (hall not make fales 0; ercljange fo; tljcm 0; from them anp of their commobities, neither; 
 fljal thep themfelues conucpo; carp through anp other mans goobsat no place in flcaa of their 
 j btone;flnbtoljicboftrjc€ngltnjme«!jaiUjtoiUatanptimefeIlhis commobitiep atColmogroo; 
 
 3X r a Vologda 
 
 +71 
 
 
 I 
 
— i — — — ■— _ . _. ""i ii — n 
 
 ajz The Englifli Voyages, M.Ierorne Horjey, 
 
 y ologda o? Ycraflauc,tbep map,ano of tbeir commoDities tbjottgbout all our cities: ami Domini* 
 ons,our noblemen,captains 3 anD euerp of our officers ujall take no maner of cuffome, accc joing 
 as it is ton'tten in ttjie our gracious lect enano though out all out Dominions: antj cities tbcp ujal 
 bite carriers ami beffcls toitb men to labour,at tbeir otone cbarge.to tranfpojt tbeir gooos. 
 
 So liketoifc, tobenfoeuer the Cngliuj merchants are Difpofeo to Depart out of our kingoont 
 into anpotljer countrepoiinto tbeir otone lano.if our plcafure be, tljcp ujall take out gooos toitb, 
 tbem ftom our ^teafutie,anB ujall fell tbem,ano ercbange tbem fo? fuel) commooitie as is com* 
 mooious fo? our kingoom.anD (ball oeliuer it into our ^reafutie,ano toitlj tbofe out commoDities, 
 DutjfJoblemen ano captains.ano euerpof out officer)} ujall let tbem palfe tbjouglj allour cities al« 
 fo Without cuffome acco icing to t befr out letters, 
 
 aifo tobenfoeuer tbe Cngliuj mercbants (ball baue folo tbeir oton gooos 9 bougbt tbcmfeluesj 
 commoDi t ies, ? toil Depart out of Mofco,tben tbcp ujal manifett ttjemfelurs to our cbtefe ■% ecre^ 
 tatie Andrew Sholkaloue,in tbe office tobere tbe 9mbaffaoo?s are altoapegoitpatcbeD, 
 
 9no if tbe Cnglittj mercbants comming,ljaue bao aup mifebance bp tbe fea,infomucb tbat die 
 fijip be tyokcn.oi if tfjat (bip 00 rome to anp part of our rotmtrep rtljcn toe toill caufe tbe gooos to 
 be fought out in true Suffice, ana to be grcen to tbe £ngliuj people, toljicb at tbat time (ball bee 
 here refioent in our countrep : ano if fo be tbat it fo fall out tbat at tbat time tbere be no Cngliu> 
 men toitbin our realme : tb en toil toe caufe tbefe gooos to be Iain bp in a place togc t bct,ano toben 
 tbe people of England ujall come into our realme,tben toe toill commano all tbofc gooos to be oe» 
 Ituereo totbcfapoCngliuj people. 
 
 9lfotoe baue gratineo all tlje ffingliftj mercbants toitb tbe boufe of one Vrie bere in tbe Mof- 
 co rigljt ouer agatntt S.Maximes cljurclj bebino tbe matket,ano tbep fijal otoel in tbe fame Ijoufe 
 acco joing as before time,ano tbep ujall keepe one altoapess m tbe boufe to keepe it,eicbet a Ruffe, 
 t} one of tbeir otone people, 
 
 9lfo tbe Cngliftj mercbants ujal poffeffe tbeir boufes,to toit,at Yeraflaue/Vologda, Colmo- 
 g ro.ano tbe boufe at tbe Ijauen of tbefea, 9 tbep ujalotocl in tfaofe boufes,accojoing as our gooo« 
 nes batb bene to them heretofore : ano toe baue commanDeD,tljat there (ball not be taken of tljem 
 no peerelp rent,no? no maner of cuffome, tare, rent 01 anp otljer outie tobatfoeuer fo 1 tljofe bou« 
 fes,neitber ujal tbeppap anp outic 0? tare toitb anp of tbetotonfmenof tbofe places,? in eucrp one 
 of cbofe !joufea,to toit,at Yeraflaue,Vologda,ano Colmogro,tbcp (ball bauemen to keepe tbett 
 boufes,ttoo 0? rtnee of tljeir otone counttep people, ffrangersoj els Ruffes, men of tlje meaneff 
 fojt,tobicb (ball be no mercbants,tbat tbep map lap tbeir gooos in tljofe boufes, ano tljepmap fen 
 tbe commoDities out of tbofe tbeir boufes to toljom tbep plcafr ..aero wing to thte our gracious Iet< 
 ter : ano tbofe tljat keepe tbeir boufes (ball not fell 0? bup no part of tljetr commoottie,ercept tbep 
 be tbere 0? giue o?oer,toberebp tbep be not oeceiuen bp tbem, 
 
 &oltketoife 3 baue gratifieo tbemtottb tbeir boufe at tbe feabauen, attbemoutb of Pode- 
 zemsky, 9 toe baue commanoeo tbat tbep ffjal not carp tbeir gooos from tbence to tbe neto cattle 
 S.Michael tbe arcbangei,but (ball ariue,ano ooe as tbep baue Done beretofoje toitb tbeif toBre* • 
 at tbat tbeir boufe ; ano ffjall bnlaoe tljcir commo c tries out of tbeir ujips,ann ujal laoe tbem againe 
 toitb Ruffe commooities,euen tbere at tljat tljeir boufe tottbout intetruptionronelp tbep ujal prj« 
 mit our officers of Col mogro 9 itoo jri men to tonte bp tbofe cominooities,botb tbe commoDitics 
 f Cnglano.ano tbofe of Ruffeland,toljat tbe mercbants ffjal Declare tljemfclttes, 9 no otljettoife, 
 but tbep ujal not ouerlooke tbeir comm8Dities,neitber ujal tbep bnbino anp of tljeir packs* 
 
 9no toljen tbe Cnguftj mercbants are otfpofeo to feno into tbeir otone count rep , to tot t,anp of 
 tbeir otone people on lano tbiougb anp otljer kingoom tobatfoeuer, tbep ujall not feno tbeir peo* 
 pie toit Ijout ur kinglp knotoleoge ano commanoement,ano tobtcb of tbeir people fo euer tbcp Do 
 meane to feno out of our kingoom into tljeir otone countrep,tben tbep ffjal feno tbofe tbeir people, 
 not tottbout our kinglp mateffies knotolcoge.to toit, tbofe tbat goof pleafure toitbout carping a- 
 np commooities toitb tlj :i n,ano tbcp ujall baue a letter of pa(Te giuen unto t ljcm,out of tbe office 
 toljcrc tbe 8mbaffaDo is Ijauealtoapes tbeir Difpatcb, 
 
 3no tobofoeuer batb anp tljing to Doe toitb tbem in matters of controurrlle, eitber conceminj 
 mercbanot?eo?iniuries,tbentbeparetobetuDgeDbpourtreafurersanDS)ecretarieoftbe9m« 
 baffaoo ?s of fice to Do iuftice bcttoeen botb parties,? to feek out tbe true tb of matters in al tljhtgs, 
 ano tobatfoeuer cannot be founo out bp tbe iato,ujalbe trieo bp otbc ano Iots:toljofe lot foeuet is 
 taken foo?tlj,btm to baue rigbt, 
 
 ano in toljat place of all our kingoom, in tobat cine foeuer t\je^ 0? tbeir people ujall bee, anB 
 tbat tljere bappen anp matter of controuerCe, ettljcr concerning mercljanoife, iniuries o?otbet* 
 toife, tljat tljep bane occaflon to fet bpon anp man bp latoe, 0? tbat anp fee he upon tbem, conrcr* 
 ning tobat matter foeuer in all our kingoom ano cities, then our lieutenants, captains, ann 
 
 out 
 
 
. . - I ■ ■ , , - 
 
 M/Docior Fletcher. Trafriques,& Diicouenes. 4.73 
 
 our officers fljaUguts tljem Suffice, ano (hall mirnHc r all true ttiftice Uettaieene'lKtti.feekuig cut 
 tbe ttuctb i anrj tebac cannot be truly fougbt bp lau),fbalbr fought cttc Iv othc ano lot : ttljole loc 
 {better is taken outrun to haue ttgb* accojctuct/p BS3 befo?c,ano t!je luogcs 0} Jtiiltcrs (ball take 
 of tneirt *a kttib of Dtitie,fo? matters of lata) no lcbere tljjougbout ail our realmee. ^ijis letter in 
 gitten titour pjtncelp palace tuitljw tbe title of Mofco, in tljr jtere from tlje fottnoatton of tlje 
 taJojIOjfcuentboufanDfoutefccieanDfifiettietntljcmoiiEt^ofjfebmarj', 
 
 The Ambaffage of M. Giles Fletcher ,Do&or of the Ciuil Law,fen£ 
 from herMateftie to iheodor the Emperor of Riiflia,<_^fff»o i $ 88. 
 
 «3 th? pceie 1588, taiae Cent 3 mbaffans? frcm fier Ijtgfjncac into tUe csumrcp of 
 Ruflia,Giles Fletcher Dccto? of tbe Ctml latue, as taiell So treat taiitb tlje uetai 
 .fmperoj Pheodot luanowich, afiout tape a»D airritie, in like mancr as taws' 
 befojictantljbis father Iuan Vafilowich, asalfofoj tijerrciiablu'ljing ano recti,' 
 ting into joer t!je occateo trace of our SngiilTmun tbcre.SBbo nottafttljfentsino; 
 at ijta fit : J arauall at tlje vlofcojoisno Lmc parts of barn entertainment, by meanes of certftine 
 rmitojsconccrn'.nrttbelatemmall Mcto?prjubitbta)astbcrerepo;ttcstobauefaUcn on tfje^pa= 
 nil!) fioe,as alfo foj Come rnfiike conceiu.u attaint! tlje pjiuilegeo trace of our Cnglifb trunljats. 
 JDet in tbe eno be obtaineo of tbe Cnipc; our msnp gooD 9 equall ccneicions, ano taias curteouftp 
 am Ijoncurabip oifmito bp btm.-£bep jutcipaU pontes tuljiclj be entreatec ofyano toere gratiteo 
 Unto bim bp $e fatoCmpeco^toere tfeefc : 
 
 1 A continuation of league and amitie bctweene her Highneffe and the fayd Empetour 
 fheodor Itianamch, 111 like maner as was before with his father ImmVafdovsich. 
 
 a A confirmation and reeffablifhment of the former priuileges of the Companieof our 
 Englifh merchants, which were infringed and annulled in the principal points,with diuers ne- 
 ceffary additions to the fame, for the better ordering of their trade in thofe countreys hereaf- 
 ter,viz,Thattheilateof thepriuilege gtantedbefore inthenamesoffomepriuate and particu- 
 lar men, be altered in that point,and the fame granted by the name and itile of their incorporai- 
 tion,viz.TothefeIowfhipofEnglifh merchants torthedifcoueiieofnew trades, 
 
 3 That vponeueryfarmife and light quareljthefaidpriuilegebenot rcuoked and annul- 
 led^ before time it hath bene, ■ 
 
 4 That iufticc fhall be adminiflred to the faid Companie and their Agent without delay, 
 vpon fut h as fhal offer them any defpite or iniurie, or fhal exadt or impoie vpon chem any pai-. 
 ment.taxaticn or imposition whatfoeuer,contrary to the freedome ofthe faid grant. 
 
 5 Thatthc goods & commodities ofthe faidCompanie, be not forcibly takenas before 
 time they hid bene by the Emperors officers or people ofauthoritie, either for the vfe ofthe 
 faid Emperor or of his offlcers.But in cafe they haue need ofthe faid commodities,the fame to 
 be taken atreafonableprices,and for ready money, 
 
 6 That the faid Companie be not charged hereafter with the anfwering of fuch debts as 
 are made by any Englifhman not being ofthe focietie. 
 
 7 That the Emperors authorized people (hall not hereafter repute any Englifhman refi- 
 ant in thatcountrcy,to be any fa£tor,feruaiK,or dealer in the faid Companies aftaires,but fuch 
 as t,he Agent (hall inregiiter by name, within theoffices where cuftome is entered in all fuch 
 places of the land where the fayd Companie haue refidencies totraffike. 
 
 8 That the names of fuch as fhall fo be inregiftred be no longer continued in record,nor 
 themfelucs reputed as factors ordealers for the faid Companie, then the Agent fhall thinke 
 good.But in cafe the faid Agent in his difcretion fhall thinke meet to ftrike our ofthe Regifter 
 any name of fuch as haue bene imploied in theCompanies feruice, the faid perfon to be held 
 as priuate,& whofe a6tc in bargaining or other wife fhall not charge the faid Companie, 
 
 9 Thar if any Englifhman within thecountrey of Rulfia be lulpefted for any notorious 
 crime,asfelony,treafon,&c.the fame be not ffraightwaies let vpo the* Pudkcy ,nor otherwife *3J ** jottuij 
 tormented,till fuch time as he fhall be conuidtcd by plaine and euident proofes: which being 
 done ; the whole proceeding to be fent ouer to the Queene of England. 
 
 10 That the faid priuilege with theadduions, fhall be publifhedinall townesandpartes 
 ofthe Emperors doniinions,\vhcre the faid Companie haue traffike. 
 
 11 That the faid Companie fhall be permittedtovfe a fole trade through the Emperours 
 couotries.by the riucr Volgainto Media, Perfia, Bochariajand the other the Halt countries. 
 
 J2 Whereas there was claimed ofthe faid Companie the fummeof 2jjj?. rnarkes of 
 
 &&3 debt, 
 
 MM < 
 
4-74- 
 
 - — - - 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, M/DoBor Fletcher* 
 
 dcbt,madc by cercaine of their factors for the faid company , for paiment whereof, their whole 
 ftocke was in danger of arreft,by publikc authoritie : Further alfo 2 1 40. rubbles for cullome 
 and houferenr,he obtained a rebatement of eighteenc thoufand, one hundred fiftie and three 
 marks of the iayd debt, 
 CbefartambaffaDojS(M^ife sFlct ch«,a*31»n&^^ 
 
 the Ruffe Common wcalth,Containinoj i 
 
 Ftrfl,a Cofmographicalldefcription of the comtreyphich hath thefe chapters. 
 I Of the length and bredth of the countrey of Ruflia,with the names ofthe {hires. 
 1 Of the foile and climate. 
 3 Ofche natiue commodities ofthe countrey. 
 
 Secondly ,a defer fatten of their policie contained m thefe Chapters t vix» 
 
 1 Ofthe conftitution or ftatc ofthe Ruffe Common wealth. 
 
 2 Of their Parliaments.and maner of holding them. 
 
 3 Of the Ruffe Nobilitieandmcanes whereby it iskept in an vnderproportion agreeable 
 to that (rate. 
 
 4 Ofthe maner ofgouerning their prouinces or fliires. 
 
 5 Ofthe Emperours priuie counfell. 
 
 6 Ofthe Emperors cuftoms & their reuenues.with the practifes for the incrcafe of therru 
 
 7 Ofthe Rufle communaltie and their condition, 
 
 8 Of their publike iuftice and maner ofproceeding therein. 
 
 9 Ofthe Emperors forces for his warres,with the chiefe officers, and their falarie or pay, 
 
 10 Of their maner ol muftering,armour,and prouilion for vicluall. 
 
 11 Oftheir ordering, marchmg,chargiiig,and their mattialldilcipline. 
 
 1 2 Of their colonies and policie in maintaining theirpnrchafesby conqueft. 
 
 13 O f their borderers wi th w horn they haue molt to tloe in v\ aire and peace, 
 
 14 Oftheir church offices and degrees. 
 
 1 5 Oftheir liturgie or forme of Church feruice. 
 
 16 Oftheir maner of adminittring the Sacraments. 
 
 17 Ofthe do6lrine ofthe Ruffe church. 
 
 18 Of (he maner ofiolemnizing their manages. 
 Iff Ofthe othercercmoniesoftheRuffechurch, 
 
 Thirdly f he Oecottomieorpriuate bchauiour ofthe "Ruffe containing thefe chapters. 
 
 1 Ofthe E:uperors houfhold officer s,and order of his houfe. 
 
 2 Ofthe priuate behauiour and maner ofthe Rude people. 
 
 The defcription ofche countrey of %ujfia^vkh. the bredthjlength, 
 
 and names of the Shires. 
 £^p^ Ipe countrep of Ruffia toag fomtimes calleo Sarmatia.3It changes the name ("as feme 
 tH mis ao %P°f«0fo?that it toag parteb into Diiu>r6£mal,am) pctabfoUttep;ouetmiients,not 
 W 1 S§& oepentiing.noj being; fubiect tlje one to the other, j7o? Ruffe in that tongue coetb fipi« 
 JWs£*#&ficae much astopart,o?t>euilie.£be Ruffe repojtetbtbatfoureb?«h?en,Trubor,Ru- 
 ricojSinees.ana Variuus teuioeb among them the jlfrojthpatts oftlje countrp.lifeetoife that the 
 §>outb parts lucre poffiffeD bp 4,otber,Kio,Scieko,Choranus,an& tfjeir Cfler Libeda -. eatlj cal* 
 ling; his territo?ie after bis otonname,2Df this partition it toas calleo Ruffia,abottt thepcrefrom 
 Ch?t$ 86o.3s fo? tbeconiecture tohicb 31 finbin fome &cfmcgrapberB,tbat the Ruffe nation bo« 
 roujcb the name oftlje people callcD RoxelIani,f toere the uerp fair e nation toitb tbcm,it is toitb* 
 out all ojoob p?obabilitie,botb m refpect oftlje etymologic of tljetoojb (tohich is berp far tet) ana 
 efyecialipfo? the feat ana btoelling of that people, tobidjtoaa bettoirtthettooriucrsof Tanais 
 «no Borifthenes, (as Strabo repo?tetb) quite another toap from the countrep of Ruffia, 
 
 &Llben it baretlje name of Sarmatia.it toas BeuiDeo into ttoo chtefe parts : the White at* the 
 Black.tilbe white Sarmatia toas all that part that lietbtotoarcs the jl3ojtb,ffontbt toe of Lief- 
 
 land^SthcpjoumccSnotocalleDDwina.VaghajVitiug.Vologda.CargapoliajNouogrodia.&C 
 
 tubereofNouogrodvelicatoaB the ^etropoIiteo?chicfecitie.BIack Sarmatia tons altbatrcun* 
 trep that liethS>outhtoartitotoarD6 the Euxinoj Black fea : as tljebitReiJomeofVolodemerjOf 
 Mofco,Rezan,8c. giome haue tbouahttbat the name of Sarmatia toas firfitafcen fro one Sarma- 
 tes,tohom Mofes $ Iofephus cal Afarmathes tonne to Icktan.f nepheto to Heber.of tbepofleritie 
 iofeph.ii.c3.i4 fs em .^ utrtj t S f efmet | 3to b enot bino;butaconiecJuretafeeoutoftheIife£nesofthename Afar- 
 mathes. tfo} tije Dtoellingof all Ioktans potteritie is cefcribeb bp Mofes to haue bene bettoire 
 Mefcha OJ Mafius(an jjil of tlje Ammonites) $ Scphace,ture tO tlje rfoer Euphrates: toijich ma* 
 
 fectl) 
 
 Strabo in IllS 
 7.boohe of 
 Ccogr. 
 
 
 Gti.io. 
 
Tbefituation ofRjtfsia. Traffiques,and Difcouen'es. 475" 
 
 ketb it Deri' Dnlikclp that Afarmaches ujouId plant anp colonies fo far off in §jRo jth $ no^tbtuetl 
 countrics.jlt is bounocD no?thtoarD bp the Lappes tthe ji2o?thOcean,2Dn the i§>cutljfiDe bp the 
 Tartars calleoCrimmes.€aflU)arDtbephaue the NagaianTartar.tljatpotTcflctljalltfactountrep 
 cntljeeaaGoeofVolgatotoarostbeCafpianfea, £Dntbe£OeffanD $§>outI;toca bo?oer lieth 
 
 Lituania,LiuoniaaitD Polonia- 
 
 Cbe tohole Countrep being notoe reouceD bnoerthe getternmentof one, contcineththefe 
 chiefe p?ouinces o? ^tjires. Volodemcr, (tohich beareth the fira place in t Ijc Cmyerours Oile, 
 fcecaufe theirbaufe came of the Dttfees of t^at Countrep) Mofco, Nifnouogrod , Plesko, Smo- 
 lensko, Nouogrod velica(o? Nouogrod ofthetoto Countrep) Roftoue, Yaruflaue.Bealozera, 
 Rezan,Duyna,Cargapolia,Mefchora,Vagha,Vftuga,Ghaletfa. Chefeare the naturall (hires 
 
 percepning to Ruffia, but fatre greater anD larger tfcen the (hires of England, though not fo toell 
 peopleo. Che other Countreps o? pjouinces tohich the Ruffe Cmperours baue gotten perfo?ce 
 aooeoof late to their other Dominion, arc there tohich foIlotoe,Twerra,Youghoria,Pcrmia, 
 
 Vadska,Boulghoria, Chernigo,Oudoria,Obdoria,Condora,toith agreat part of Siberia: 
 
 ' Inhere the people though tbep be not naturall Ruffes, petobep the CmperourofRuffia,anDare 
 ruleobp theJlatoesof his Countrep, papingcuttomes ano tares, as his otone people Doe, 15e« 
 Does thffe he hath Dtioer him the kingDomes of Cazan aito Aftracan, gotten bp conqtieff not long 
 0ncc. 9s fo? all his poffeffion in Lituania ( to the number of 3 o.great Conines ano mo?e, ) tottb 
 NarueanoDorpinLiuonia.thep arc quite gone, being furp?ifeB of late peeres bptbciKingsof 
 Poland anD Sweden. Chcfe Shires ano 19?ouinccs are rtDuceD all into foure 31uriftictions> 
 iDhirb. thepcall Chetfyrds (that is) Tetrarchies,o? Fourthparts. 
 
 Che toljole Countrep is of great length ano b?eaDth, jFromthe lflo?th to fbe§>outh(ifpott 
 meafure from Cola to Aftracan tohich bcnDeth fometobat CafltoarD) it reacheih in lengthabout 
 42do.Dcra,ojmiles. ^ottoithflanDingtbeCmpcrour of Ruffia bath mo?e territoiie jfto?th* 
 toarD,farrebeponD Cola bntothel&iuerofTromfchua, thacrunnctha hunD?eo berd\toe!niglj 
 hepona Pechinga,neere to Wardhoufe.bttt not intire no? clearelp UmitcD, bp reafon of the kings 
 of Sweden anD Dcnmarkc ,that haue Diuers Cotones there, afuicllaS the Ruffe.plottco toge= 
 ther the one toith the other : euerponeof tbemclapming the toljole of thofe}3o?th parts as his 
 otoneright.€faeb?caDth(ifpougofromthatpattofhistcn:ito?iethatlpcthfarthcffeBcfltoarD 
 on thcNarue fine, to the parts of Siberia CafltoarD,tohere the Cmperottr hath bis garrifons) is 
 44oo.Dertco? thereabouts. 9 berff(bp their reckoning) ts a iooo.pafes, petlcuVbponequar* 
 ter then anCnglinjmile, 3!f tbe toljole Dominion of the Ruffe Cmpcrour tocre allljabitable, 
 ano peopleo in all places, as it is in fome,he tooulo either harolp bolDe it all toicbtn one regiment, 
 0} be ouer mightie fo? all his neighbour pjtnces. 
 
 Of the Soile and Climate, 
 
 Tfyc fopleof the Countrep fo? the moll partis of a Height fanbtemoulDe, pet berp mttrfji 
 Different one place from another, fo? the peclD of fuch things as groto out of the earth, Che 
 Countrep jftojthtoaros totoaros the parts of S.Nicholas anD Cola, ano |3o?tbcatt totoaros Si- 
 : bcria, is allbtrp barren, ano full of Defert toooos by reafon of the Climate , ano ertrcmitie of the 
 coloe in Winter time, ©0 liketotfe along the Kiuer Volgha bcttoirt the Countreps of Cazan, 
 anb Aftracan : inhere (nottoithffanbing tlje fople is berp friiitfull) it is all bnbabiteD,fauiug thac 
 fcpon the riuer Volgha on the iiaMftDe, the Cmperour bath fomefetoe Cartels toith garifonsi 
 inthem. Chis happenetb bp meatus of the Crimme Tartar, that toill neither Ijtmfelfc plane 
 Cotones to Dtoel there,(ltuing a toilD anD bagrantlife) no? fuffer the Ruffe (that is farrc off toithj 
 the flrength of his Countrep) to people thofe parts, Jf rom Vologda ( tohicblpetb almoft 1 700, 
 berff from thepo?t of S.Nicholas )DotonetotoarDs Mofco, ano fo totoaros the S>otitb part tljac 
 bo?Derethbpon the Crimme, (tohichconteineththelikefpaceofi7oo,Der8 0? thereabouts) is a 
 berp frttitfullano pleafant Countrep, peelDingpaffnre, ano co?ne, toitlj toooos ano toaters in be* 
 rp great plentie, CheuftcisbettoirtRezan(thatIpetb<§>outhea(I from Mofco)to Nouogrod 
 ana Vobsko, tljat reach farthefftotoarbs the 5i2o?thtoeff, g>o bettoirt Mofco,anDSmolenska 
 (thatlpeth i^outhtoeff totoaros Lituania) is aDerp fruitfullano pleafant foile, 
 
 Che tohole Countrep Diffcreth berp much from it felfe,bp reafon of the peere:fo that a man 
 tooulDmarueiteto fee the great alteration ano Difference bettoirt the <G3inter,anDthc gmmmec 
 Ruffia. Che toljole Countrep int!je Winter lietlj DnDer fnoto, tohich falleth contir.uallp.ano is 
 fometime of a parD 0? tuio tljicfec, but greater totoarbs the jQo?tb. Che HiuerS anb other toa* 
 tersare all frofen Dp a parD 0? mo?c thitfee, hoto ftoift 0? b?oaoe fo euer tljep bee. 9no this ronti-- 
 nuetiicommonlptluemoneths, viz. fromtlje beginning of jaoucttiber till totoaroes theenoe of 
 
 ofRuffia. 
 
 OT)c S>lifrcg 
 OfRuffi*. 
 
 ^TBc^Ploiiiii. 
 
 inrsgotbp 
 conqticll. 
 
 flliD Icnqthof 
 tljc <£oiiiitrjp, 
 
 Ptchingsi 
 
 i 
 

 q.j6 The Englifh Voyages, < TbeJoileof c Rujsia. 
 
 ^arcb,mbattmtetbefnombecjimutbtomclt. feo tljat tt vuoulo bjceoeafrottinamanto looke 
 g&ecoibeof abjoaoatthattime,anafectbe<K3intcr face of ibat Countrep, %X)z ujarncncffe of the aire pou 
 wap tuugfe of bp tbis: fin tljat mater Djoppco ootone ojcafl fcpinto tbe aire congcalstlj into pee 
 before it comtto tbe grouno, 3in the crtrcmuie of C&inter, if pott botoe a pctoter Did) oj pot in 
 pour bano.ojmip other mettall(crtept infomc chamber toljcre their marine ffoaties bee) pour, 
 fingers iuiUfricfe fell vjnto tt, ano Djaiue offtlje fkiimeattkeparting, Klbenpoupaffeoutofa 
 tnatme room* into a cclce, pott fijall fenftblp fcelc pout tycatb to toare Garke, ano i uenflifelimr, 
 tuitl) tbc colticas pou D?atocit m anD out. DiuerBnotonelptljattraueil ab?oao, butiiitljeberp 
 tnarke ts.ano Greetcs of their Cotones, are mo jtallp yincljco ano ktlleti mithall : fo that pott (ball 
 Tee manp Djop noume in the flrcetcs ; Bifcng traueliers biougbt inro the Colours fitting ocao aim 
 ffiffe in tbeir gneos. Diners loft tljctr nofes.the t:p3 of their cares, ano the bals of their chetkes, 
 tbeir toes,ftttc,?c, £^anpttmcc (Mjtnt^c (KCUntct is tocrp tjaroano crtrecmc)tbc hearts ano 
 tooclfcsiffuebp troupes cut ot the mooes Djiuenupljuncver, anti enter the tillages, tearing antt 
 raucning alltbtp can finoc : fo that the irbabitarts are faine to flie fo j fafrgar© of t^cir Itwcsf* 
 9no pet m the §>omwcr time pou thai fee fucb a turn hteli) ano ff,ce of a Countrep ,tfjc woods (f»j' 
 tbsnioS part teljicb are aUcffirrc ano bircb)fofrrfi) ano fo ftnfcte,tbe paflureaanD mcDctoes 
 tbgreene ant>tueHftolarn,(ano that upon cbefuDDen) fucb uartctie of ffctocrs,fucb nopfeof 
 itrses ( fpeciallp of jgightmgEkc, that feeme to be moje lotooe ano of a nioje bariable note ttjea 
 in ctljer Cotttrtps ) that a man IrjaH not hgbtlp traucll in s mo^c pleafanf, Ccttntrep, 
 
 2lm> this frcib ano fpeeDpgromtbot tije ^>p?tng there famctb topmcceoe from tbc bencfitt 
 of the fnotu : tubicljai! the KKintet time being fp?eao ouer tlje luljole Cotmtrep as a mbite robe, 
 anD keeping it laarme from the rigcur cf tlje froft, in tlje &pnng time (toben the feunnc luaretb 
 warme,8tmoiffulueth it iato lxsiitcrjootth fo thjouahip ojencb ano foake the growm, tbatifi 
 form tubat of a Ecigbt ano fanote moulo, ano then Qunetb fo Ijotcip Upon it againe,tljat it D?ateet(j 
 tb? bearbes ano plants fbojtbtn great plentie arm Dattetie , in a toerp fljojt time, 3s the i&imx 
 crcreaect) mcolocfo the gjommermclinctb to oner muebbeat, fpeciallp in tbemonetljsof 3iune t 
 3i«lp ano ^t!guff,'jemgmurbu!armer then the <&ommer aire in England. 
 
 Cbc Countrep throughout is uerp tocUtuatreo vuitlj fpjings, ruters, ano Ozeraes.o? lakes. 
 JfUbercm t'jc prcuioence of <Scd is to be no:er , fo } that mucfc of tbe Countrep being fo farre in* 
 lauo.as tbat fome part lietb a tljoufano miles ano mc?e euerp raap from anp !§>ea, ]>et it is fernco 
 tmtIjfaireEiucrs,anD tbat in »crp great number, that emptping themfelucs one into anotbtr, 
 runnsall mtotbe&ea, Cbcir lakes are man? aim large, fome of 60,80.100, anD aoo.nu'lesji 
 iong,micij b^eaotb proportionate, 
 ^rtje eweft im= Cbe cbiefe S-iuers ate tbcfe, jFt'rff ,Volgha, tljat fcatb bis ^eso orfp?tr.gat tljerooteofan 
 Ktrsefauffia. aio et t tKja i)out 2oo,oettt aboue Yaruflaue, aim grotnetb fo bigge bp tbe entrcafe of otljer mi- 
 tiers bp that time it coumutb tljittjcr, djat :t is b?o?.o an Cngltfijnule ano morr.ono fo rutmctlj in* 
 to tbeCaipiaufiM, about 28oo.oetGo? miles oflengtb. 
 
 Clje ncrt is Bonfthcnes (noto calieo Neper) tbat otutDetrj tlje Countrep from Lituanii,an& 
 falletb into ilje Euxin fca. 
 
 %\t tijiso Tanais o? Don/tlje ancient bflunoer bcilcirt Europe ano Afia' trjst takctb his \>tti 
 out of RezanOzera, ano fo running tb?ottg!) tbc Countrep of tlje ChrimTanar,fallctbintO t^t 
 great ^>ea, lake, 0} meare, ( calieo Kfeoti s ) bp tlje Citie of Azou. Bp this Smer ( as the Ruffe 
 repo?teth) pou map paffe from tbeir Citie Moko to Conftancinoplc, anD fo into all tbofc parts! 
 of tbeijjajlo bp mater, tyaiamg pour boate ( as tbeir maner is) otter a little Ifthmus o? narroure 
 flip oflanD,afenjrjerttsot!ertbtoart.aabicb teas p?oueo not longGnce bp anambaffaoourfent 
 to Ccnftancinople, tuljo paffeo tlje Kiucr of Mofcua, ano fo into anotber calieo Ocka,tobence Ijec 
 cjein bis boat ouer into Tanais,ano tbencepaffeD tbc tobole map bp mater. 
 
 Che fourtlj is calico Duy»a,manp hunt) jeo miles long,tljat falletb ji5o?tbiDam into tbe bap of 
 S.Nicholas, ano batb great Slabafter rotkes on the bankes totoarss ttje fea fioe. 
 CbettftbDuna.tbatcmptietb into tbeBahickfcabptbetonJne Riga, 
 die Grt Onega, tbat falletb into tlje jgapat Solouetsko po,nerfifromtbepojtofS.Nicho- 
 las. ®bisHiuer,bcloto tbe totone Cargapofia, mectetblnitljtbc Uiuer Volock,tbat falletb into 
 
 the Finland g>ra bp rfje totone Yama. i§>0 tbat from CljC pojt Of S.Nicholas into tlje Finland ft«, 
 anD fo into tlje Sound.pou map paffe all bp toater,as hatb bene trieo bp tbe Rufie. 
 Che feuentb Suchana,tbat flotoetb into Duyna,ano fb into thej^ojth fea, 
 Clje cigijt Ocka , tbat fetcljetlj Ijta bcao from tlje bojoers of tjje Chrim, anD Breametb into 
 
 Volgha. 
 
 Cbe nratb Mofcua.tbat runnetb tljomto tbe Citie Mofco.ano giuetb it tbe name. 
 'Sbcreis^ichidaalfoafcerplarge ano Jong tiucr tbat wfetboutoiPcrmia, aim falletb into 
 
 Volgha. 
 
Tbefituation ofRufsia, Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 4.-77 
 
 Volgha. ail tbefeare ruiers of WCf large ttreames,tbe Iea(t to be compare to c[je Thames in 
 bigneffe, anb in length farre mojcbeOoes biuers other. Chelpole at Mofcois yy.cegrers 10. 
 minutes. &c the po?t of S.Nicholas totoarbs the |2o?th c^begreesano 50,nrinutes, 
 
 The natiue commodities of the Countrey. 
 
 FI5? kinoes of fruttcs, thep bauc apples, peares, plummet, cherries, ten aim blacke, (but the €&e fmtts 
 blacketoilne) a occne like a muf kemillian,butmo?cfu>eete anb pleafant, cucumbers ano Rumf""* ' 
 gooros (tobich the p call Atboufe) rafps,ffratobericB,anb burttiberics,toitb manp other beries in 
 great quantitie in euerptooooanDbeoge, Cbeirkinoesofgraineare tobeat,rte,barlep,oates', 
 peafe,buckniap,pfny tha, that in tatte is fometohat like to rice, ©f all tbefegraines the Couutrep 
 pteloetb berp fttfficicnt ttutb an ouerplus quantitie , fo that toheate is foloc fontf time fo? ttoo al* 
 teens o? ten pence darling the Chetfud, tobtcb maketh almofl th?ee CngliAj buAjels. 
 
 Chelr tie is fotoeo before tlje Winter , all their otter graine in the %itng time, anD fo; the 
 moffpartin Spap.CbePermiansanb Come other that otoell farre jao?tb, ano in befert places, 
 are ferueb from the parts that Ipe mo?e §>outbnjaro,ano are fo?ceo to make b?eab fometimes of a 
 fa'noe of roote(calleo Vaghnoy)anb of the mibble rine of the firre tree, 3f there be anp beattlj(as 
 tbtp accompceo tbislaff pecre Anno i j88.ti)heat annrte being at i 3.alteens,o? shillings Sue 
 pence Catling the Chctfird ) the fault is rather in the p?actife of their jSobilitie that bfe to en« 
 groffe it,thcn in the Countrep it telfe. 
 
 Che natiue commooities of the Countrcp (toheretoith tljep feme both tljeir otone turncs, anb ■%& twt 
 feno much ab?oao to the great enriching of the Cmpero?, anb his people ) are manp 93 fubftamialf. $?RSi£? 
 3f irfl, furrcs of all fo?ts. CJUherein tlje p?ouioence of ©on is to be noteo,thac p?ouibeth a naturall ire?. 
 remeote fo? tbem,to helpe the naturall inconuem'ence of their Countrep bp tljc colb of the Cltmat. I -* ucrM - 
 ^Ch«itchiefefurreSarethefe,Blackcfox,SabIes ) Lufcrnes,dunfox,Martroncs,Gurncflallesor 
 ArminSjLafcts or Miniuer,Beucr,Wu]uerins,the skin of a great water Rat that finelleth natu- ■ST&cre&atei 
 rally like muske.Calaber or grayfquirrcljrcd fquirrcl,red & white fox.35eftDeS the great quan* amnC,ni ' <u ' 
 tttte fpent imtbin p Coun trep(t he people being dab al in furres the tobolc luincer)tbere arc tranf* 
 jio?teb out of tlje Countrcp tome peeres bp the merchants ofTurkie,Perfia,Bougharia,Geor- 
 gia, Armenia,ano fome other of Cb?ifienbom, to the balue offoure 0; fiue hunojeo tboufanb rub* 
 l)les,as 31 haue heart of the merchants. ChebeC §>able rurre gcotoeth in the countrcp of Pecho- Momgororskby 
 ra,Momgoforskoy anb Obdorskoy,tbe bjojfer fo?t in Sibcri^Perm, ^ other places, Che blacke g " »f fc 8 MpI * 
 fore anb reo come out of Siberia, tobite ano bunne from Pechora, tobence alfo come the tchite 
 toolfe, anotohite15eare fkin. C&e beffcHtuluerin alfo thence ano from Perm. Che bell Spar-: 
 irons are from Siberia.CadamjMorum.Perm.anB Cazan. itpterns,3i)ineuer, ano armins.the 
 ieliareoutofGallets, ano Oughts, manp from Nouogrod anb Perm. Chel>eauerofthebeiI 
 fo?tbjeeocthinMurmonskeybpCola. Other common furres,anDmoffofthefekinbesgroto in 
 manp, anb fome in all parts of the Countrep. 
 
 Cbefeconb commooitieisof aitare.tohereof hatb bene u)tppeb into fo?reignecountreps(as 31 *M«tti 
 Ijaue bearo it repo^teo bp thofe that beft fcnotn it ) the fummc [of yooocpoob peerelp, euerp pooo 
 contepnetb 4o,pounD,but now about 1 oooo,pooo a peere. 
 
 Che tljiro is their ij}onte, ^hereof befibes an erceebing great quantitie fpent in their jbt'narp 3. ©omp. 
 b^inkes (tohich is Mea d of all fo?ts) ano their other bfes, fome goob quantitie is carieb out of the 
 tountrep. Chechiefeencreafeofljonpis inMorduaanoCadamneere to theChercmiflen Tar- 
 tar: much OUt of Seuerskoy,Rcz.an,Morum,Cazan ) Dorogobofe,anbVafma. 
 
 jfottrtbIp,ofCalfolD t^ep afoo?b a great toaightfo? tranfpo?tation:not onelpfo? that their 4C«n«to. 
 countrcp hatb beep much goob grouno apt fo? paflurage of cattell,but alfo bp reafon f their manp 
 tents anootljce fafics: anb partlp becaufe their greater men bfe much mare fo? .their ligbts,the 
 pooler ano meaner fo 1 1 bitch ^icv in tlj cir floaues, ano cut into long Aimers, lulnch thep call Lu- 
 chineos. ©f tallolu there hath bene Ajippeo out of the IKealme a f eto peeres fmcc about 1 ooooo, 
 pooo pereIp,nobi not pad 5 0000,0? thereabouts. Che beB peclo of tallom is tat6e parts anb cer* 
 
 ritO?ieSOfSmoIensko,Yaruflauc,Ouglits,Nouogrod,anoVologda,Otfer,anbGorodetskey. 
 
 9n other p?incipall commooitie is their LoA) ano Coto hibc, Cljeir ioAj 0? ^uffe bibe is berp j.^tut. 
 faire ano large. Cbeir bull ano cotoc hioe (fo? orentljep make none, neither pec iueathcr) is of a 
 finallGfc, Chete Ijath bene tranfpojteo bp merchants Grangers fome petes 1 ooooo.bajes.3i5oui 
 itisoecreafeo to 30000.0? thereabouts. "ffieCoes great flo?eofgoates fkinnes,b)hereof great 
 numbers are AjippeD out of the countrep. Che Iatgett kinbe of iottj 0? Kuffe b?eeoetlj about Ro- 
 floue,Wichida,Nouogrod,Morum, anoPerm.Chelefferfo?ttt)ithintIje kingoome Of Cazan, 
 
 another berp great anb pjmcipaUcommobitte is their Tranc oyle, bjatten out of the Seal 6,<ctmtotu. 
 
+78 
 
 ^tjciiMntrof 
 hunting toe 
 
 SiHlefitti. 
 
 
 7,Idary. 
 
 8-Bctnpeatuj 
 3?Ute. 
 
 9&al£> 
 
 iS'snocks. 
 
 io.Ocw. 
 
 IX.Ribazuba. 
 
 13. Saltpeter 
 
 i.'.D'iitir.rjnc, 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, Tbe/oile of%vjsia, 
 
 fify.cXtticreictoillnatbe impertinent to (hctoetbcmanerof their buntmgtbe ;§>eal,tobicb tljep 
 make this ople of : tobicb is in this fo?c, Cotoaros the cnBe of Sommer (before tbe froft brginne) 
 tljep goz bourne toitb the ir boates into the 15ap of S.Nicholas..to a tape called CuiconciTe o? Fox- 
 nofc, inljcre tbep leaue tbeir boats till tbenerc Cp?ing tide. SBIjentbe stmnne toaretb toarme to* 
 toaro tljcfpps,ano pet tbepcenotmeltetTtoitbin tbe^ap,tbep returne tljitbcragaine. 'Sfaen 
 B?atoingtbeir boates otter the fea pee, tbep bfe them fo^boufes to rett and lodge in. Chcreare 
 tommonlp about 1 7,0 \ i8,flcete of tbem, of great large boatcs,tohicbbiuidc cfjemfeluesuuodi' 
 uerscompanies,fiueo?fn;etioatsmaconro?t. 
 
 ■£bep that firft ftnoe tbe baunt.fire a beacon,to!)icb tbe? carrptoitb tbem fo? tijc nonce,2Hbt*c6 
 being efpieo bp the other ccmpanieSjbp fuch among them as are appointed of purpofc, tbep come 
 altogether aim tompaffe the ©eales rcuno about in a ring , tbat lie funning ttjemfelues togetbet 
 bpon tbcpce,commonlpfoureo? fiuctijoafanoin afijoale.ano fa tbep inuade tbem cuerp man toitb 
 bis club in his band. 3ftbep bit tbem on tbenofe.tbep are foone lulled. 3!fon the Odes o?bacfce 
 thepbeare cut the bloto, and manp times focatcb and bolde twtonetbe ciubbe toitb tfccirtectbbp 
 mains fojcCjtljat tbe partie is fo^ceo to call fo? belpe to bis fellotoest, 
 
 Cbemaner of tbe&eals is tobenthep fee tbemfclucsbefet, to gather all clofe together in a 
 tljjoug 0; plumpe, to f toap botone the pee, and to bjeabett (if tbep can) tobicb fo benbetlj tbe pec 
 tbat manp times it infer tb the fea toat er bpon it, and mafeetb tbe bunt ers to tuaoe a foote 0? m*o?e 
 seepc. after the flaugljter tubentbepfoaue hilled tobattbepcan ,thep fall to Charing cuerp boate 
 bis part in c quail potions: and fo tbep flap them, taking from tbebotrp the f kin, and the iatd 0? fat 
 toitb all tbat cleaueth to tbe f kin, Chis thep take toitb tbemjeauing tbe bodies bebind,sno fo go 
 to fho?c. ZWA)ZU t\)t p ciggepitsiij tbe ground of a faoome and anbalfe deepe, 0? tbereabout,ano 
 fo tatting chefat 0? laro offftom tbe f Rtnne,tbcptb?oto it into tbe pit,am> cafi in among it boat bur* 
 ning flones to melt it toitball, €bc bppcrmott and purefl is foId,auB bfeB to oile toool foj cIoth,t&e 
 gro(rer(tbac is of a red colour) tbep fell tomafee fope. 
 
 JLikttoife of Ickary ? Cauery,a great quantttte is madebpon tbe riuerof Volgha out of tbe fiftj 
 callcdBellougina.tbeSiurgcon.tbeScucrigaand tbe Sterledey.isaberetif tbemou" part is fijippcB 
 bp French and Ncchcrlandilhmcrcbantsfojlcaly and Spainc,fomebpEngIi(hmetcbant0. 
 
 Che ne« is of JTlar and l£cmpc,tobereof tbere batb bene u)tppeo(as 3 hauc beard merchants 
 fap)at tbe po?t of Name a great part of 1 oo.Qjips fmall ant> great pereip. j!3oto,not pafl fiuc.Cbe 
 rcafon of this abating ano oecreafe of tbis 9 otrjcr commodities, tbat toere tcont to be tranfpoj* 
 teo in a greater quantities tbe (butting bp of tbe po?t of f Naruc totoaros tbe Finland fea, tobicfc 
 notois in tbe Ijanoes and potTefTton of tlje Sweden. likeMfeUje flopping of cbcpaflagcouerlann 
 bp the toap of Smolcnsko, jPlotsko,bp reafon of tbeir toarres toitb tbe Polonian, Brfjicb caufettj 
 tbe people to be Icflepjouioent in mainteining ana gathering tbefe and like commodities, fo? tbat 
 tbep lacke tales, jf 0? the gtobJtb of flare tbe p?ouince of Vobsko, and the councrcp about is tjje 
 tfjiefe and onelp place, jfojlpempeSmolensko.DorogobofcandVafma. 
 
 CIjc count rep betioes mafectb great (to jc of fait. Ctjeir befl fait is made at Scararoufe in bcrp 
 great quantttie.ujberetbep b«ue great Co?e of falttoets, about 250.berflfromtbefea. 9t Aflra- 
 canfatt ismadcnaturallpbptbefeatoater, tl;at tafletb it up into great bils, and fo it is diggen 
 BcfcMe ; antJ catted atoap bp tbe merchants and other tbat toil fetch it from tbencc^bcp pap to the 
 Cmprra? fo? ncfcnotoleogemcnt 0? cuflome 3. d.Rufle bpon cuerp bund?to toeigbt. T5tti.Qcs tbefe 
 ttoo,tb?p mafecfalt inmanp other places of tbeHcalmcastnPcrmjWichidajTotmajKenitlina, 
 SoIoue:sky , OconajBombafeyjand Nonocks, all OUt Of fslt pitS,faue ftt Solouctsky, tobirtj It'etb 
 neeretotyefea. 
 
 ilifectotfe of Carre the p matte a great quantitie out of their firre trees in the countrep of Duy 
 na ano S:n&!ensko,tohcteofmuch is fentabjoad. 'Sefides tljefe (toljicb are all good and fttb(lan= 
 ttall commowttcs) ttjcp baue dmers other of fmatler accompt.tbat ate naturall and proper to that 
 countrep: as the S3) tooth (tt'bicb tljcp call Ribazuba) tobich is bfed both among tbemfelues, and 
 tbePerfians and Bougharians tbat fetcbic from tbencefo? bcads,feniues,andftoojd bafts of J5o« 
 blemen tm genttemcn.and fo? outers other dfes.&omebfetbepotooer ofitagatnflpotfon,as tbe 
 Vnicornes fcojne. Z.%z fiQ) tbat toearetb it is called a Morfe,and is caugbt about Pcchora.Cbefe 
 fifij teeebfeme of tbem are atrnoS 2.footcoflength,ano toeigb 1 1 .0? 1 2,pouno apiece. 
 
 31n the pjow'nce of Corclia,and about tlje riucr Duy na totoards u)e |5o?th fe8,tberegrotoetb a 
 fiiftrccketohicl) tbep call Slude.djts tbep cut into pieces, and fotcare it into thin flafccjMDbicft, 
 naturallp it is apt fo?,and fb bfc itf 0? glatfe-lanthojns and fuel; like*' 3t giucth borfj intoards and 
 outtoardsacIcarerltgbttbenglatre,amjfo?tbiBrefpect is better then either glafleo?bo?ne:foj 
 that it neitt;trb?eakcthlife6gla(le,no?pcttoiHburncIifeethelantho?nc. Saltpeter tbep makem 
 man?plac£s,as at Ouglics, Yamflauc $ Vfliug, andfome final flo^e of bjimflwn* upon tbe rtuec 
 
 Volgha, 
 
The Cities of'Rufsia. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 4.79 
 
 VoIgha,lutt toat fkil to refine it, C&eir iron is fometobat bjittle,but a grr at toe tght of it is maoe i+anm. 
 (nCorelia,Cargapolia,^V"ftiug Thdefna©tber minetbep bauenone grotoing toithin^ realme. 
 
 -Cbetr beats of Grange ktnos are the Loathe ©llen,tbe toilD bojfe,the beare,tbe tooluering, 
 oj toooDDog,tbe Lpferne.theBeauerjtbe &able,tbe SJf)attron,tbe black ano ounncfor,tbe tobite tunel^, 
 TSmt totoaros the fea waft of Pechora.tlje <8urnttale,tbe Lafet o ? 2g)ineue r.'&bep baue a kinoe ? nl L* c, 3'&' 
 of Siquicrell that batb grotoing on the pinion of the l&oulDcr bone a long tuft ofrjatre, much like m 
 unto feathers toith a far b?oaoer taile then bane anp other fquirrcls,tobt cb tbep moue ano flj ake na 
 tbep leapt from tree to tree , much like tonto a tofng, Sbep fkife a large fpace, 9 feeme foj to flu 
 toitbal.ano therefore tlyep tal them Letach Vechfhe,tbat is,tbe flping fquirreis/Ebetr bares ano 
 fquicrcls in §ommer are of the fame colour to it hours, in aUmrer the hare change tljljcrcoate 
 fttto mtlftc tohitc, the fquirrel into grap, tohereof commetb tbe Calaber. 
 
 ■tthep baue falloto Deere, the roe bucket goats berp great tto je.^heir bo jfes are but fmal,but 
 berp fto if 1 tj haro , tbep fraud! them bnftoD both totnter ano Mortimer ,totthout all regarb of pace. 
 ■Cheir fteepe are but final 9 bear e cottr fe $ barfb toool.© f foule tbep banc outers of tbe principal 
 kirns: jf"itu\great ftoje of batoks.the eagle,tlje gerfanlcon,tlje fftgbtfaulconjthe goftjatok,tbe taf« 
 ul,the fparhatok.fjc.'Sut tbe principal hatoke j> bjeeoetb in the countrp,is counted p gerfaulcon, 
 ©f other fottlcs their principal kinos are the ftoan tame 9 toitoe, (tohereof tbep baue great fto je) 
 the Uo ?ke, t b e c rane,t be tcDDer of the colour of a feafan t ,bttt far bigger ? littet h tn the firrc toooos. 
 ©ffeafant ano partriDge tbep Ijauetoerp great plentie, 9notole there isofaberp great biptfle, 
 mo?c bglp to beholn then p" otoles of this couuttp.toitb a b?oao face, 9 cares much like bnto a man. 
 
 JF } frefl) toatcr Sfb, befwes the comon fo? ts (as carpe,ptkes,pearcb,tcncij,roach,?c.)thep baue 
 timers kinos berp good ano Delicate : as tbe Bellouga oj Bellougina of 4,0? 5 .eincs long,tbe Ofi= 
 ttina 0? Sturgion,tbeScuctigaanD Stcrledyfometobat in falbion ano tafteliketo theSturgion.but 
 not fo thtcke no? long. 'Chefe 4,kinos of flu) bjeco in the Volgha, ano are catcheo in great plcntp, 
 ano ferueo thence into the tobole Eealme fo; a great fooo, ©f the Koes of thefe foure kinos tbep 
 make berp great fiojeof Icary 0? Caueaiy as toas fain before. 
 
 Cljep banc beGoes theft that b ?eco in the Volgha a fifij calleD the Riba bela, o? toljitc falmorf„ 
 tohtch tbep accompe mo? c Delicate then tljep do the reo falmon, tohereof alfo tbep baue etcecuing; 
 great plentie in the HJiuers jSo jtbtoatD,as in D uyna,the riuer of Cola,^c.3!n tbe Ozera j lake 
 neere a totone called Periflaue,not far frS the Mofco,thep hatie a fmal fiQj tohicb thep cal the frettj 
 ^trringjOf the faQ)ion,anD fometo^at of the tafte of a fea-fcerring.^heir chiefe totones to j fiftj are, 
 Yaruflauc,Bealozera,Nouogrod,Aftracan,anDCazan:tohtCh all peelD a large Cllftomc to the 
 Cmperour eucrp peer efo^thcirtraoesoffi thing, tobiclj thep pjactife in g>ommer ? but feuoeic 
 frojen fn the SHinter time into all parts of the IRealme, 
 
 The chiefe Cities o£Q{ufia. 
 
 Tl&e Chiefe cities of Ruffia are MofcOjNouogrod.Roftoue.VoIodomerjPlcsko.Smolcnjko, 
 Iatuflaue,Peri{lauc,Nifnouogrod,Vologda,Vftiug,Colmogro,Cazan,Aflracan,Carga- 
 polia.CoIumna. % ^e citp of Mofco is fuppofeo to be of great antiquitie,tbough the firft founoer 
 be bnknotoento tbe Ruffe. 3it feemetb tobaue taken the name fro the riuer that runneth on tbe one 
 fioeoftbe totone. Berofustfoe Chaldean in his 5,b8oketelletbthatNimrod(tob6 other pjophane 
 (fanes cal Satume)fent Affy t ius,Medu s,Mofcus, 9 Magog into Alia to plant colonies tbere,anQ 
 that Mofcus planted both in Afia ano Europe.tdhich map make fame pjobabilitie,that the citie, 
 H} rather tbe riuer toljereon it is built.tooke tbe Denomination fro this Mok us: t be ratljer becaufe 
 of tbe climate 0} lit nation, tohicb is in tb e bcrp fartheft part $Iift of Europe,bo?Dering upon Afia,. 
 Cbe Citie toas much enlargeD bp one luan 0; lob», forme to Daniel, that firft changeo bis title of 
 buke into King: though that bona? continueo not to bts pofterttp: tbe rather becaufe he toas inue* 
 Sea into it bp tbe Popes legate, toho at that time toas Innocentius the 4. about tbe peere 1 246. 
 tobicb toas berp much miftikeo bp the Rude people , being then a part of tbe Cafterne 0; Greckc 
 Church. <g>ince that time the name of this citp bath grotoen nirj?efamcus,6t better knotoen to the 
 toojlo: infomuch that not onlp tbe p?ouince,liut the tobole Countrep of Ruffia is tenneD bp fame 
 bptbcnameofMofcouia the S^ctropolite citp. Cbefo?meoftbisCitpisinmancrrounDtoith»'.. 
 Srong toals,ctr ruling tbe one toitbin the other,? ftreets Iping bettoeue, tohereof tbe inmoft toall, 
 ano tbe buifaings clofeo toirljin tt(lping fafeft as tbe heart toitbin the boDp,fenceD ano toatrco toitb 
 tberiuer Mofcua,that runneth dole bpit) is all accompteo tbe Cmperojs caftle. Z\)i number of 
 houfes (as 3! baue hearo) tb?o"Bh the tobole Citie (being rtckoneo bp the Cmpero? a lit Ic before 
 it toas fireD bp tl;e Chm)toas 4 1 5 oo,tn all. Since tbe Tartar bettegeo ano fireo tbe totoue(tobicb 
 toas in tljeperei57i.)tbcrelicthtoafte of it agreatb?eaDtlj of grounD.toljicb before toas toelfet 
 ano plantcD toitb builouigs/pccialfa, t^atpart on the S>outlj fioeof Mofcua 3 butlt not long before 
 
 b? 
 
 MoTco. 
 
4-8 o 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, The Cities of%ujsia. 
 
 Nouograd. 
 
 bp Bafiliust!)e(£mperojfojl)t«ganfonoffoulQ!ftjs,totobom^e£au£pjmacDge to D)inke3Beac, 
 ano beere at tfje ojp oi p?oljibitcB times.toben Gtber Ruffes map ojtinke notljing but toatcr, ano fo } 
 that caufecalleotljisneto citp bp tlje name of Naloi, tljat tg skinckoipoure in. feo tljat noto tlje 
 citp of Mofco is not much bigger then tlje cttp of London, "Che ncrt in grc atnes,? in a mancr as 
 Iarge,i8tbecit!cNouograd:tobere boas commitcec(agtl)eRuflefaitl))tbe memorable toarrcfo 
 tnucb fpoke of m flojics oftbe Scythians femants, tljat tookc amies againG tbeir maGers : tobicib 
 tbep rcpoic in tljts fyt : viz. djat tlje Boiarens o? gentlemen of Nouograd tj tbe tcrritojp about 
 (toljicb onlp are fouloiers after tbeoifcipline of tljote coumreisjljao mar toitb tlje Tartars.esijiclj 
 fcring toel perfo jnieb $ enceo bp tljern,tljep returnee bometoaros, 3Bljerc tbep bnberttooo bp tfce 
 toap tljat tbeir Cholopey 01 bonoflaues tobom tbep left at bome,bnoin tljeir abfence pcGcffeo tbeir 
 toUmcSjIanBSjboufeSjtoiueg ano all,3t toljicb netoes being fomctobat amafcc,anc pet otfocining 
 tbe billanp of tbeir feruantSjtljep mace tbe mo je fpeeb borne: ano fo not far from Nouograd met 
 tbem in warlike maner marcljing againG tbem. esiliercupon acuifmg toljattoas beG to be cone, 
 tbep agreeo all to fet upon tljcm tottlj no otber fijeto of toeapon but toitlj tbeir boife toljips (tobu(j 
 as tbeir maner is euerp man rioctlj toitljat)to ptittbem inremembiance of tbeir fcruile concition, 
 tberebp to terrifie tbem,? abate tbeir courage.9no fo marcbtng on ^laujing al togetber toitlj tbeir 
 toljips in tbeir bancs tljep gaue tlje onfet.CObicb fcemcc fo terrible in tlje eares of tbeir billaincs, 
 ano Broke fucb a ftnfe into tbem of tlje fmarc of tbe toljip toljiclj tljep bac felt bcfo?c,tbat tbep flee 
 aItogetbcrhkeu)ecpebefoxetbcc?iuers.31nincmojpoftbtsbicto?ptbeNouogradianseuM:fince 
 tjattc Gampco tbeir comeCtoljiclj tbep cal a din goe Nouogrodskoy currant tb?ougb al Ruflia)toitb 
 tbe figure of a boxfman making a toljip aloft in bis banc. ^Lljefe 2,cities ercceo p reft in grcatnes. 
 IF 01 Grcngtlj tbeir rijiefe totottes are Vobsko, Smolensk), Caz an $ Aftrac an,as Iping bpon tbe 
 boioers. Butfoj fituation Iaruflaue far erccecctb tlje reft, jf 02 beGoes tlje commocities tljat tbe 
 foile pceloetb of pailure ano comMt lietlj upon tbe famous riucr of Volgha.f looketb oucr it frcm 
 a Ijigb bankeberp faire ? fiatelp tobcljolo : toljeteof tlje totone tnkctbtlje name. 5Fo? Iaruflaue in 
 tbat tongue fignifietb as muclj as a faire 2. famous banhe,31n tljis totone(asmap be gbclTeo bp tbe 
 «amc)cu)eIttljeRuffefeingVladimernrnamecIaruflaue,tljattTiartec tlje cattgbterofHaraid king 
 of EngIand,bpmeciationof Sucno tbe Danc.as is notco in tbe Danifli tto?p about tbe pcre 1 067. 
 %ty otber tolunes baue notljing p is greatlp memo?abIe,faue manp mines toitljin tljeir toals* 
 Clje Greets of tljeir cities ano totoneS in Geao of pautng are plankeo toitljfir trees,plainec $ lapa 
 <3rf)emniittof euenclofctbeonetotbeotber.'&beirljoufesareof tooootoitboutanp lime ojfionejbuilc berp clofe 
 Rm» tiimsmg. ailtl toamte 'ujitlj firre trees platnco anc pilco one bpon another. 'ftljcp arc fade nco togetber toitfr 
 cents o?notcbesatcucrpcomer,gtfoclafpcofaatcgetber.SctH:trt tbe trees 0? timber tljeptbiutt 
 in moffe(toijereof tljep gstber plentp in tbeir toooos)to keep out tlje aire.Cuerp Ijoufe batlj a paire 
 ofOaircs that fcaobp into tbe cljambcrs out of tljeparooz Great after tbe Scott ifh mancr. k,\yv» 
 iiuiloing feemettj far better foj tljeir countrep.tben tbat of done 0? bjicke ; as being colcer ej mo je 
 campifb tljen tljeir looooen Ijoufes/pcctallp of firre, tljat is a cjp f toarme tooociaberoftbepio* 
 utcece of iSoo Ijatb giunt tbem fucb floie,as tbat pou map builo a faire boufe foj 20.0J 3 o.rubble!* 
 02 litle moze, luljcre bjooo is moll fcant. dje greatefl inconuentence of tljeir tooccen builomg is 
 tlje aptneffe foj firutg,lubicb bappenctlj beep oft fin berp fearful fo?t,bp reafon of tbe ojineffe anc 
 fames of tbe fir.tljat being once firecbumetb like a to?cb,$ is ijarolp quencljeo til all be burnt bp* 
 
 Iaruflaue. 
 
 SaxoGnmma< 
 
 ticiislib.ii. 
 
 pag.187. 
 
 
 Of the maner of Crowning or Inauguration of the %ujfe 
 Emperours. 
 
 Tl)t folemnities bfeo at p Rude Cmperojs cojonation,<ire on tbis mancr,3Itt tbe great cb«tc& 
 of Prechefte(oz our lacp) tottljin tlje €mpero?s cafllc is erecte* a Gage babcteon Ganoctb a 
 ferine tljat bearetb bpon it tfjc Imperial cap ej robe of berp riclj Guffe.<j$ben tlje cap of tlje3ii'augu« 
 ratio is come.tbere refojt tljitber.firG t'oe patrtarcb ta tbe 9petropolitanes 3 arcljbiujops,biujcps, 
 abbots ano piiojs ,alricblp clao in tljeir pontificalibus.^Cljen enter tlje Deacons toitb tbe quier of 
 {tngcrs.aartjo fo foone as tlje Cmpero? fettetb foot into p* cljutcb,bcgin to fing : Many yercs any 
 hue noble Theodore iuanowich,$ c: Ktljercunto ttjc patriarclj ano 9pctropolitetoitb tbe reG of 
 tbe cleargp anf toere toitlj a certaine ljpmne,in fojme of a piaier^linguig it altogetber toitb a great 
 naifcCbe bpinne being enoeo,tbe patriarclj toitlj tbe €mperoj mount bp tlje Gage,toljere Gancetft 
 a feat reacp foi tlje Cmperox. 22Ibereupon tlje patriarclj toillctbbim to fit ootone, tj tbenplacing 
 bimfelf bp bim bpo anotljer feat piouioeo foi i> purpofe.bctoetbcotone bis beao totoarcs 1} grounc, 
 
 anO foitlj tbtS pjaper.Oh Lord God king of kings,Lord of lords,\vhich by thy prophet Samuel 
 didft chofe thy feruant Dauid , &*nnoynt him for King ouer thy people Ifrael, heare now our 
 prayer, & looke fro thy fancluary vpon this thy leruantTheodore,whom thou haft chofen and 
 exalccd for king oucr thefe thy holy nati6s,anoint bim with the oilc of gladnes^protedt by thy 
 
 power, 
 
*The Coronation of the c?w^.Traffiques,<3c Difcoueries. 4.81 
 
 power.put vpon his head a crownc of gold & precious ftones,giue hun length of dayes,place 
 him in the feat of Iuftice,(tregthen his arme,make fubicdt vnto him all the barbarous nations. 
 Let thy feare be in his whole heart,turne him from an euill faith, and all errour , and (hewe 
 him the faluation ofthy holy and vniuerfal Church,that he may iudge thy people with Iuftice, 
 & protect the children ofthe poore,& finally atteine euerlafting life. 'SLbispjaperbelpeahetlj 
 *)f tb a lObO ttoice,$ then pjonotmcctl) alotlD: Al praife and power to God the Father.the Sonne, 
 
 and the holy Ghoft, Che y^aper being e noeb, be commanoetb certaine abbots to react) the ira- 
 periall roabe ? cap : tobjeh is none berp De tentlp.ant) oath great (blemnicte,trje patriarch umbal 
 
 p jonouucing alotto : Peace be vnto all. Quo fa he begtnneth another pjiaper to this effect : Bow 
 yourfeluestogether with vs,and pray to him that reigneth ouerall. Preferuc him (oh Lord) 
 vnder thy holy protection , keepe him that hee may doe good and holy things , let Iuftice 
 fhine fori h in his dayes,that we may liue quietly without ft rite and malice, 1&hl$ is pronoun- 
 
 reDfomctobatfoftlpbp tbe patriarch, uibereto bee aobeth againe aloub: Thou art the king of 
 
 the whole world,and the fauiour of our foules,to thee the Father, Sonne and Holy ghoft be al 
 
 praife foreuerandeuer. Amen, 'ftben putting on the roabe ano the capjjeblettetb the Cmpe* 
 
 toUC ttlttb the (tgne Of tfje croffe , faptng toitball: In the name ofthe Father, the Sonne, and the 
 
 Holy ghoft. ^belifeeisbone bptbeflpetropoIttcB,9rtljbtlbopg,anDl5tu*jops:iuboallmtljea 
 ojnet come to the cbai'rcano one after anotherblefle the ©npcrourtoitb tbeirttoo forefingers, 
 ■Jlhcnis fapo bp the patriarch anotbe r pjaper, tljat beginnetb : O moft holy virgin, mother of 
 God &c, after tobtcb a Deaconp jonotmcetb tottb a louoe boice t Many yeres to noble Theo- 
 
 doic,good,honourable,beloued ofGod,great Duke of Volodemer,ofMofco,Emperour,and 
 
 Monarch of all Rudia.&c. Whtttto the other Pjiefis anb Deacons that flanofomcttihat fane 
 
 Of bp tbe altar OJ table,anfmere tinging : Many yeres,many yercs to the noble Theodore. %\)t 
 
 fame note is taken bp bp tbe p.ueffs ane Deacons.that are plateb at tbe right ano It ft One of tbe 
 Cljtucb.anDtbcn altogether, tijcpcljauntanbtbunoer out, finging:Many yeares to the noble 
 Theodore,good,honourable,bcloued of God,great Duke of Volodomsr, Mofco, Emperour 
 
 of all Ru(Tia,&c. €hefe folemnitics being enbeo, firtt commetb tbe patriarch initb the Spetro* 
 polit cs, archbitbops, anb 13ifi)ops,tben the jaobilitp, anb tbe bobole companp in their ojber, to 
 tioe homage to the Emperour, bencing oobone their beabs, ano knocking them at Ijts feete to the 
 berpgrounb. 
 
 The ftile wherewith he is inuefted at his Coronation , runneth 
 after this maner. 
 
 THeodore Iuano wich,by the grace of God great Lord and Emperour of all Ruflia, great 
 Duke ofVolodemer, Mofco, and Nouogrod, King ofCazan, King of Aftracan, Lord cf 
 Plefco,and great duke of Smolenfco, of Twerria,Ioughoria,Permia,Vadska,Bulghoria,and 
 ochers.Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod ofthe Low countrey, of Chernigo,Rezan,PoIotf- 
 koy,Roftoue,Yaiuflaueley,Bealozer3,Liefland,Oudoria,Obdoria,andCondenfa, Comman- 
 der ofall Sibcria,and ofthe North parts,and Lord ofmany other Countries, &c. 
 
 ^bisftile concerned) in it all the <£mperours Pjouinces, anbfettetb foojtb bis greatiicOV, 
 Sino tbcrefoje tbep haue a great beligbt ano jjjfoe in it , forcing not onelp their obone people but 
 alto Grangers; (that haue anp matter to oeliuer to the Cmperour bpfyeecbojbjjiting) tore* 
 peatetbctobole fojme from "the beginning to the enb. sabicb bjeebetb much cauijl,an& tern* 
 times quarellbetboirt them ano the ©artar, ano Poland ambatTasours : toho rcfufe to call 
 himCzarjtbattsSmperoj.anDtorepeatetheotheruarts of his long Cile, Sgp felfe turjen 31 
 fcasauoienceofthe €mperour, thought goob to falute him onlptoitb thus much vz, Emperour 
 
 ofallRuflla,greatDuke of Volodomer,Mofco and Nouogrod,King of Cazan,King of Aftra- 
 can, ChereC3l omtttcoof purpofe, becaufe 31 feneba tbep glojieo , to haue their (tiieappeare 
 to be of a larger bolame then the ©ueenes of England. TBut this *uas taken info ill part, th at 
 the Chaneelout (tabo then attenbeb the €mperour,tottb the refi of tbe nobiIitp)toith a louse cha= 
 .fingboice.caHebllillbponme to fap out the rett, (Kaijereto 31 anftoereo, that the «Empero?s 
 fille boas berp long, ann coulb not fo toell be rememb?eb bp Grangers, that 31 has repeateb fo 
 much of it,as might iheto that 31 gaue honour to the reff ?t* ^ut all booule not ferue till 31 corn* 
 manbeb mp intetp^eter to fap it all out. 
 
 Their forces for the wars,\vith the chief officers and their falarics. 
 
 Tl!?e ©oulbicrs of Rufsia arc calleb Sinaboyarskey ,o } the fons of Gentlemen i becaufe thep 
 are all of thatbegree,bpbertue of their mtlttarp p?ofelTton. fojeuerpfoulbierin Rufsia 
 it agentleman, anb none are gentlemen, but onlp thefouloiers, that take it bp bifcent from their 
 
 <§ f ancettojs; 
 
 • 
 
48z 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,? heir j ( orces jor wane. 
 
 birtiiano m> 
 
 ticnwiitc. 
 
 lOrpie rs of 
 
 IjOJIflllCll. 
 I.Pntorianioj 
 
 3ftoo otljtt 
 ti'aupco to tljc 
 liumbecof 
 
 65000, 
 
 ancelfo?s : fo tljat tbe fonne of a gentleman (tobtclj is borne a foulDier) 19 euer a gentleman, and 
 a foulaicr toitljall,s p?ofcffetb noiljing els but militarp matters, ffillhen tbep are of peres able to 
 bearearmes, tbepcometo tbe office of Roferade , 0? great Conttable.anD tbcrepjefcnttbem* 
 fclucs t toljo entretb tbeir names , ana altott e tl; them ccrtaine lanes to maintatne iheit thargcs,toi 
 tlje molt part the fame tljat tbeir fatbers emopeo, jfo? tlje lanos affigneo to maintatne tbe armp, 
 are euer ccrtam,annercD to tljig office tuitbout imp ?ou met ,01 Detracting one foot. Xnit that iftbe 
 Cmpcro? banc fufficit tit in to ages , the roomes being full to farre as the lano Doeth cjttenD ai= 
 reaop, tbeparemanp times DcferreD, anbbaue nothing allotoca tbem, ercept feme one pojtion 
 of tljc lanD be acuta en into ttoo, Crje toholc number of bi? foulaicrs in continual! pap, is this. 
 jFirll be Ijatlj bis D woraney,tbat isjj>enfioners,o? ©art of bis pcrfon,to tbe number of 1 5000 
 bo?fcmen,toith tbeir captaines ano otlje r officers ,t bat are altoaics in a reaoines. 
 
 Of cljefc 1 5 000 ha?remen,tbere are tlj?eefo?tso? Degrees, tobicli Differ as toell inew'mation 
 as in toages.onc Degree from another. 'Ojefirftfojtof tbem is calico DworaneyBulfliey.oi 
 wc tt «m"«rw0 the «> m Panp of beab ipenironers.that baue fome anbuno?eD,fome fourefco?e rubbles a peare,ann 
 pcrtmi 15000. nonebnoer7o t 'SDbefeccnDfojtarecalleoSetedncyDworaney.o^cbemiDDlerankeoflpenlio' 
 ners, SDtjefe ftaue Crtp ojt fifcp rubbles bp tbe peace, none nnaerfo?tie. ?£bethirDanB lotoett 
 fo?t, are tbe Dy ta Boiarskcy, tbat is.tbe lorn penfioners, Cbcir falarp is tbirtp rubbles a pere 
 fojt Ijim tbat batb mott.fomebatiebut 2 5,{bme 2o,nonebnDer 1 2. COherofthehalfepartispatB 
 tbem at tbe Mofco , tbe other balfc in tbe fielD bp tbe geueral.tohen tljep baue anp toar s, 9 are un* 
 ptoicD in feruice.CQbcn tljcp receiue tbeir toljolepap.it amomuc tlj to 5 5000 nibbles bp tbe pere, 
 
 anotbis istl;cirtoages,be(iDes lanos aUotteoto etterp one of them, both to the greater aim 
 tbelelTe, accoiatng to tbetr Degrees. JObereof be tbat batb leaff, Ijatb to peclDcbtmttoentie 
 rubbles o?marRes bptbepearc, TtJefiDestbefe^ooo boifemen, tbat are of better chopce(as 
 being theCittpero?sotoncgaratobenhimfen;e goetljtotbe toars,notbnlifee tl;e Komanetoul« 
 Diets calleo Pmoriani) areabuno?ea ana ten men of fpeciall account fo? tbeir JQobilitie, ana 
 trttff,nJbicb are ebofenbp tlje Cmptro?, anabauetheirnames regiftreo, that fina among tbem 
 f 0? tbe €mpero?s toars, to tlje number of 65000. boifemen, toitb all nececeffaries meet fo? tlje 
 toars after tbe Kuffc maner. 
 
 Co this eno tbep baue perelp allomance mace bp the Cmpero? fo?ihcmfelucs, ano tljcic 
 companics.to tlje fummcof 40000 rubbles, anatbefctfjoooarcto repap?eto thefieloeuerp 
 peareonthebojaers totoaras theCrtm Tartar, (ercept tbepbeappointeDfo? fome otljer fer* 
 nice ) toljetljer tbcrebe toarstoitlj tbe Cattars.o? not, Cbismigbc feemeperaouemure fome* 
 toijat Dangerous fo? fome Cate.to baue fo great fo jets bnocr tlje tomano of Noblemen to affem- 
 Lie etterp pere to one certain place,33ut tbe matter is fo bfea, as tbat no Danger ran grotoc to tbe 
 <£mpcro?,o? bis Gate bp tljis means, if irff,becaufe tbefe noblemen are manp,to toit, an 1 x o.m 
 al,$ tbangcD bp tlje Cmpcro? fo eft as be tljtnkct b gooa^c cciDlp.becaufc tbep Ijaue tbetr IiuingS 
 of tbe Cmpero^being otbertoifebttt ofrjerpfmallreuenue.anD receiue tbis perclppap of 40000 
 i'ttob ! es.toij en it is p?efcntlp to bepapo fo jtlj againe to tbe IbulDiers tljat arebnacr tljcm. %l)\m 
 Ip.bccaufe fo? tlje moll part tbep are about tbe ffimperojsperfon being of bisCounfel, eitberfpe= 
 ctafl,oj at large, Jfottrtljlp, tbep arc ratber as papmaffers , tljen Captaines to tbeir companies, 
 tljemf clues not going fo?tlj o?ainariIp to tbe toars,faue toben Come of tbem arc appofnteD bp fpc 
 tia(Io?Der from tbe (Empero? fjimfelfe. ^o tbe tobole numberof boifemen tljat are euer in a 
 reaaineffe, ana in continuaff pap,arc 8oooo,a feto mo it 0? IelTc, 
 
 31f be Ijaue nceae ofa greater number (toljicbfelDomefallctlj out) tbenrje entettetnet^of 
 tljofe Sinabourskey,tljat are out of pap,fo manpasljcnccaetb : ana if pet be toant ofljisnum-- 
 ber.be giuctlj cbarge to Ijis jJ2oblemen,tljat bolo lanos of bim to b?ing into tbe fielD etterp man a 
 p?opo?tionabIe number of Ijis feruants (calleD Kolophcy.fucb as till bis lanas ) toitfj tbeir furni* 
 ture,acco?Ding to tlje raff number tljat be intenoetb tomanc, Sabiclj tlje ferutcebeing Done^e* 
 fentlp lap in tbeir toeapons, ano rctttrtte to tbeir feruile occupations againe, 
 
 Offootementbatare incontinuallpap, be batb to tbe number of 12000 all pinners, calks 
 Strelfey:221bereof50ooaretoattcnDabouttbe citieof Mofco, 0? anp otber place inhere the 
 «Empeto? (ball abioe,anD 2000 (toljicb are caileo Stremaney Strelfey,o? gunners at tbe ftrrop) 
 about bis otonepcrfon at tbe bcrpfioticto? boufetoberebimfcifeloDgetlj, Cbc rcCarepIacen 
 tnljisgarifontotones, tilltljerebe occafionto bauetbemin tbefielo, ano receiue fo? tbeir fa* 
 Iar:eo?ftipenoeuerpmanfeuen rubbles a peare, beGoes ttoclue meafures a piece of Spe, 
 ana Oatcs. flDf mercenarp feoulDiers.tbat areffrangers (tobnm tljep call Nimfchoy) tbep 
 an sgtrsmer. Ijaueat tbis tmie 43 00 of lpolonians:cif Chirchaflcs(tljat are bnoer tlje ^olonians)about 4000, 
 iTno IE8i " pflp toberof 3500 are ab?oaD in Ijis garilbns tofDoutches jScots about 1 jo : of<Sreefees,®urfaj, 
 Danes aim ^>toeDens,aIl in one banD,an 1 00 0? thereabouts, ^ut thefe tbep bfe onelp upon tbe 
 
 Tartar 
 
 Hojfcinmiii 
 cotitmuall pap 
 
 80000. 
 
 J»ooRntn in 
 tsntmiial jap 
 
 12000, 
 
 4300. 
 
Their forces for wars. Trafbques <3c Difcoueries, 
 
 4'^ 
 
 "©.attar fioe,anDagaiiuttbi' <&iuirtaus: astjtpooe the Caitar loulDicrs^wjoin tljrp hire Vaiftt- 
 ttmeg.liut onlp fo? tbep?eC!iHt; on tbj other fiocagainfl the polonian ano !§>toeocu : thinking it 
 fcettpolicie to bfe their feruuetojjon clje conerarp bo?oer, 
 
 ■Cfte c^iefe Captaincs o j Icaoprs of tijefe forces, accorotng to tljctr names ano oegrccs, are 
 tlje(e tohich folloto. JfirS, tfce Voyauoda Bulfhaia, that is, the ©rcat Captaine.o j Lieutenant 
 general Oncer th-e Cmpcro?, ^his commonly is one of tlje foure bonfe s of the cbiefe j^obilup of 
 tbelano. liLfc-eir great Voiauodoj general at this p?efentm tljeir toars.tscommonlp one of tijefe 
 
 foure: KnezFeodorluanowicliMethifloskcy^nezIuanMichalowichGlinskoy.Chercch if- 
 koy,eno Trowbetskoy, all of great nobilitie. jftert Unto tlje Voiauod o? general tijere is fomc o= 
 tljerplaceD as lieutenant general^ftngamanof great MouranDtrpertenceint^etoare.tobo 
 ojoeretballtbings that the otter cotintenancctb,9tthis time their principal matt, gfmofUjfctj in 
 their toars, is one Knez Demetrie luanowich Forcftine, an ancient ano erpcrt raptaiue,ano one 
 tljat Ijathoone great fcrutce'as tbep fap)agatnff the Tartar ano ipolonian. 0tn miocr the Voi- 
 auod anobis Lieutenant general arc foure other that bane the marujalling of tlje nljolcauup 
 Deuioeo among thcm,ano map be calico the marfljals of tl;e ficlo, 
 
 Cuerp man hath bis quartero j fourtfjparc bnoer Ijim, (Habere* f t&efirff is calico tlje Piaua 
 Polskoy,oj right toing. ^hefeconDi9tbeLeuoyPolskoy,oilefttoing. 'EljethirDis Rufnoy 
 Polskoy,o? tfce broken bano, becaufe out of this there arc cljofen to feno abjoao upon anp fooaine 
 erploit,o?tomakearefcueo?fwppIte,asoccaftonDotlj require, CljefottrtljStorofhouoyPol- 
 skoy, o? tlje toaroing bano. Cuerp one of tijefe foure a^arQjals Ijaue ttoo other tmDertbcm(e!gljt 
 in airjthat ttoife euerp toecke at the leafi muff mutfer ano trainc rbcirfcueral toitigs o? banos,auo 
 foolo ano gitte iuttice fo? all fruits, ano otfojoers committeo in tlje cf mpe, 
 
 9notbefe eight arc commonipcbofcn out of the i io.(tohifb3! fpakccfbefoje) tljatreceiue $ 
 Beliuer tlje pap to the foulDicts.&noxrtljefc eight arcoittcrsctljcr Captaines, as tlje Gul auoy, 
 Captaincsoftl)Oufanosftttef)unO?eDsanO ioo, ChePetyde Setskoyoj Captains of fifcics,anD 
 tlje Decctskies o? Captains of tennes. 
 
 'Beftotstl)eVoiauodao?generaloftljeatm!e(fpoUeofbefo?e)t!;cpl)atiettocotlicrtljatl)carc 
 tlje name of Voiauoda^ljeteaf one is ttemafferof tlje great ©finance (calleoNaradna voia- 
 uoda)toboljatb outers onocr officers,neceffarpfo? that frrttice, 'Che other is calico tlje Voiauo- 
 dagulauoy 3 ojtbetoalkingCaptaine, tljat Ijatfj allotoeo Ijim iooogooo Ijojfniicnof p/imipall 
 cljopce.to range $lpfeab?oaD,$ hath tlje charge oftlje running Cattle, ttljicljUtcaretoipcake of 
 in tlje Chapter fallowing. 31 tijefe Captains, $ men of charge muff once euerp sap rcfo j t to t he 
 BuIfHavoiauoda,o?©eneraloftljeariiiie 3 toknotoljispIeafure,ftoinfomielj'.m,tftl)cr£beaiip 
 reqttiftte matter pertaining to tljeir office. 
 
 Of their muftering,andleuying of forces, maner of armour, and 
 prouifion of vi&uall for the warres. 
 
 Wi^en niars arctotoaros(toljiclj tljep fatle not of Itgljtlp euerp pere tot'th tlje Tartar,? mn< 
 np times toitlj the ^olonian$ g>toeoen)thc foure lojos of tlje Chetfirds feno fo?t!j their 
 ftmtmons in the €mpcro?s namc,to all tbe Dukes ano Dpacks of cbc'Pjomnccs^o be pjoclni- 
 meo in tlje fjcao totones of euerp §>ljire : tljat al tlje Sinaboiarskcy.o? fonnes of gentlcmrn make 
 their repairc to fttclj a bo?oer toljerc tlje fejuice is to be ocne, at fttclj a place, $ bp fuel) a cap, ano 
 tijere p jefent tljentfelues to fuclj,$ fuel) Captaines. (Hthen tbep come to tlje place af ftgneo tljem 
 inthefummons o?pjocIamation,their names are takenbp certaine officers tljat (jaue commiffi» 
 onfo? that purpofefromtfjeRorcrade,o?higljConliable,asClatkcB of the bancs, Jfanpntake 
 Default 5 faileat tlje oap,lje is mufcteo,f punifijeo uetp feuerelp,3s fo ? t^c ©encral 9 otljcr chief 
 Captaines,thep are fent tljitljer from tjj e Cmperojs otune (jauo,*uith fuclj lommiflton 9 charge 
 as^etbinketfjbe^oofuHfo?tljep?efentferuice, COljentlje fottloicrsare afTembleo^ljcp arerc= 
 Uttceo into t^eir banos,f companies, fanner their feucral Captaines of tenncs, fifties, ijuno jeos, 
 t&dttfanos#c. anorijefe 35anos into 4 Polskeis, 0? Legions (but of farre greater numbers then 
 the Somane Legions toere) Unoer tbeir foure great Leaoers, luljtclj alfo Ijaue tlje atttljo jitie of 
 99arfljals of tlje fielo (astoas fapo before.) 
 
 Concerning tljeir armour tfjcp are but fiightlp appointee. 'SElje romon bo^feman Ijatlj notfjing 
 risbut fjis boto intjicf cafe bnoer Ijis right arme,?ljis quitter $ftuojo hanging an tlje left fioe:er* 
 cepefome ferue that beare a cafe of oaggcs.o? a 3laueIin,o? a, ?t ftaffc along their Ijojfe fioe* ^Ije 
 JJtioer captains toil baue common Ip fome piece of a jmottr befioes, as a (hire of male, 0? fuclj like, 
 lllje ©eneraltoitb, the other c&iefe captaines ^men of J^obilitie toil battc tljeir hoifc ierp ricblp 
 furniajeo,tljeir faooles of cloth of golo.tljeir buoles fair boffeo | taffelleo toitlj go!o,gt filk fcinge, 
 SeKiwoeD toith pearte ? pjecious Rones,ttjf felues in Uerp faire armo?, m|)iclj tljep cal Bullatnoy, 
 
 ^>f 2 maoc 
 
 ■ClK Cfltf f dip. 
 Mills OJlEtls 
 
 6crs. 
 l.^ttjeVoiauod 
 
 cj ©eiuMt. 
 
 2.1ifiirtiwnt 
 
 3.Cl9.it(3)a!3of 
 tDeticIotoiiTc. 
 
 feme mac' 
 lijals:D(i)iuica 
 
 t>2bt. 
 
 jr!»i<roi(iiitra 
 
 bllDct i.ip. 
 
 tame. 
 
 oftjje^lrtlllrrp 
 
 •tfliptiiiiit. 
 
 ■JTt'cirojtiprof 
 muttering. 
 
 ^JieflojftmSff 
 furiiiitirc. 
 
, — _— — ^ ^— ■ ^ — 1 ^ — — MEM— — : — »— — ^— M — ., i 
 
 484. The Englifh Voyages, Their forces for wars. 
 
 made of faire(bimngaeeie,peccouereo commonlp toitbclotbof goldr,ano cdgeo rcutio toitb ar« 
 minfurre,ljis ffeclc pelmet on Jjts IjeaD of a ucrp great yjice, ^ip fxrio jo &oto ano arcotceB at »ifsj 
 
 fiDc,bisfpcacemlji3l)anD,toutjauottierfairE^eImrt,anDShcHapcra,o^o?feman)3fcryccrcat« 
 rieobefoieljim. "CbartoojDSf.botoe^anDarroiQesareof tlje^,miitB)fafljfon. Zten p?acci(e 
 Iiketlje ^artarto Ojoote fojojaros a:;o "oacfetDaros^as tfjep flic atiD 
 
 fir'/mr™" ^ e Strelfey 0? footcman hatb nothing but bis piece in bis band , bis firiking batc&ee at his 
 back,? bis ftoo?o lip bis fide. 'She flock oflji's piece is not made calieuertoife, but toitb aplatne $ 
 flcatte ttocke (fomctobat like a fouling piece) the barrel is rudclp 5 unartificiallp mane, berp bea-- 
 
 E'wai " ° f w f >P et Ifeootetlj but a top fmallbttlltt. 3s fo? their p?ouiBon of bictual, tlje C mpero? altotoctlj 
 none.eitJjer fo? Captaine 0? foulBiour,neitber p?outDetb anp fo? tljem erccpt peraDuenture fome 
 co?ne fo? their monep, Cuerp man is to tying fufficient fo? btmfelfe,to ferue bis turne fo ? foure 
 monctbS,$ if necoe rrqutre to giue o?ccr fo? mo?c to be bjotigbttonto Ijim to the Campefrom his 
 tenant that tillctb his land,o? fome other place. SDne great belpe tljcp baue, that fo? lodging ano 
 oietetterp Hufleis prepares tobe afculoier befe?eband 4 ©bougbtbe cbtcfe Captains f other of 
 account carp tents toitb them after the fatbian of ourSjtoitbfome better p?otiiGon of bictual then 
 tljerctf, 3Tbepb?ing toitb them commonlp into the Campe fo? uictuall a kirm of n;iei> b;eaD, 
 (toljicb thep call Suchary)toitb fome fio?e of meale,tobicb tljep temper toitb toacer.ano fo make it 
 tntoaball,o?fmalUumpeofdotoe,calIcDTollockno, 3r.otbis tljep eateratoeinfteaoof b?ead. 
 QLlpit meat is bacon,o? fome other flefb 0? fiflj o?ped,after the Dutch maner.Jf the Eutfe fouldis 
 er mere as ijardp to erecute an emerp?ife, as be is bard to beare out topic ano traucll, 0? toete 0= 
 tljertoife as apt and lucll trained fo; the tomes , as Ije is indifferent fo; his lodging and diet,bce 
 tooulo farre ercccoe tbe fouldiers of our pacts. 
 
 Ti 
 c 
 
 
 Of their marching,charging, and other Martial dilciplinc. 
 
 5;c Euffc truttetb ratljer to bisnmtnjer,tben to the balttreof bis fouldiers, 0? pod o?ocrfojj 
 
 ofhfsfo?ces.'5rheirmarchingc?leaDmgi.6toitIjoiitalo?oer,fauethattbefourcPoUkeyoj 
 
 Regions, (toberiuto their armie is ocuided) kcepc tbtmfelues fcuerall bnder their enfigne?,? fo 
 
 tlj wft all on t ogctber in a burrep, as thep are dire cteo bp tbtir (gencrall. ^beir CnGgne 10 the i> 
 
 tjoifcnieiia ma 5 c of#.Gcqrge,ffi§e BulfhiDworaney o?cbiefe bo?femen,baueeuerpmanafmall o?ura 
 
 bmmint0. cf b jatTe at bis faddle botoc,tobicb he ttriketb toben be giuetb the cljarge.o? onfet, 
 
 1 . ®bcpljmedjummesbefidcsofahugebigms,tohicbtbepcarptoitbthembpcnaboo?dfapoe 
 
 in°ncr°ofcj)«. onfotireljojfcs, that are fparred together toitb cbaines,ctterpd?umme baiting eight flrikers,oj 
 
 B '" 3, Djummcrs.beGoes trusnpets and fbatomcs,tobicb tbcp found after a toiloe maner , mucb oift> 
 
 rcntfrom ours. QLlben tljcp giue anp cIjarge,o j make anp inuaConjtbep mafee a great baflotooj 
 
 fboutealtogcther,aslolodasthcpcan 3 bihicbtottb the founo of their trumpets, flwtomes, ano 
 
 ommmes,maketbaconfufedandho?riblenopfe.^jotbep fet on firftdicharging tbftrarrotocs, 
 
 then dealing toitbtbeirfuiojoes, toljicbtbcpbfemabjaucrietoujaRe, and bjandtfi)ouertb« 
 
 beaos,befojc thep come to Qrokes. 
 
 mi foomwnB ^beir footmen (becaufe otljertoife tbep loant order in leading) are commonlp placed in fome 
 
 tdatgc embntljo? place of aouantage, toberetbepmapmoflannoptbeenemie.toith leaflbucttotbcm* 
 
 felttes. afitbeafetbattell,o?if anp great inuafion be maDebpontheKuffe bonders bptbe€ar« 
 
 mt toaitiing t ar.thep are fet britbin ^ running 0? mouing Cafile (called Bcza,o? Gulaygorod)tobicbis carteii 
 
 came abouttoitbtb£mbptbeVoiauodagulauoy(ojtbetoalRtng(Seneral}bJbom3|fpafeeofbefoje. 
 
 Cbts toalking 0? moouing €afllc ts fo framed, that it map be fet bpin lengtb (as occafion oocti 
 
 require) the fpace of one, tboo, th?ee, foure, fiue,Bre,o? ftuen miles : fo? fo long it toill reach, it 
 
 is nothing els but a double toall of toood codefend itjem on both fioes behinde and before, toitb a 
 
 fpace oftlj?eepardso? thereabouts, betmirt the tboo Goes :fotbattbep map fianotoitbin tt,ano 
 
 Ijauc roome eitougb to charge ano difcharge tljcir pieces, and to bfe their other toeapons. 'St i» 
 
 ciofeoatbotbenos, and made boitbloope boles en either Goe, to lap out tbenofe of their piece, 
 
 0? to puflj foo?tb anp other incapo n, 31 1 ts caneo toitb t^e armie tobercfoc uer it goct h.being ta« 
 
 ken into pieces, ano folapoe on cartes fparreotogetber, andd?atocn bpbo?fetbatarenotfeene, 
 
 bpreafon tbatiljep are couered toitb their cariage as toitb a ftelfe 0? pcntljoufe. m\>en uis 
 
 b joiwb t to tbe place tobere it is to be dfeo(tobich is oenife and chofenout before bp the toalninjr, 
 
 Voiauod)itisplanteofomuchasthep?efentbferequireth, fometimeamile long, fometimetf 
 
 ttoo,fomettmestbKco?mo?e : aitbicbis tboneoone toitbouttbe belpe of anp Carpenter, 0? 
 
 inflrument: becaufe the timber is fo framed to clafpe together one piece toitb in another : as if 
 
 eafilp bnoerfioooe bp tbofe tbat knoto tbe maner of tbe Eufle butloing. 
 
 3i"n tbts Caille ftanoecb t^etc 0)ot tod fenced fo? adaantage,fpeciallp againtt tbe Cattar.tbat 
 
 bjtrigecfl 
 
TJje %ufsian conquefts* Traffiques 6c Difcoueries, 4.85 
 
 fyingetb no o>}0inance,no? other toeapon into the 6elo toitb l)tm,faue b:s ftoo ?o,ans boto, ans ar= 
 rotocs.Cbep bauealfo mtt^th ie tituccstfielo pieces, tobicbtb* p bfcasoccafion ootlj requite, fflf 
 pieces fo } tlje Bets tbep tint no gteat flo?e,toben ttjep toarre againfl the Sartar : but toljen the? 
 scale toitb the Ipolonian (of tebofe forest rjjcp make mo?e account) tbep go be t ter furm'ujco toitb 
 all kins of munition, ansotljcr ntcetratiepjomQons, 3lt is tbougbt that nominee of eijjiiltm 
 nomekailj better flojeof mun(tion,tl)entbe ftufle -©nipt rout. ans it map pnttlu appcare bp tlje 
 aitiUetp^ufeat'Mofcb ) tobeteawofalI&?tei5ofgreat©}tiinance J aHbjaffep«ces,i3erpfaiic, 
 to anerreestnggreatttumber, 
 
 %ty Rulfc foulDteris tbougbt to be better atljis Defence toitljin fome cattle of totone , tfreit 
 lie is abjoas at a fct pitches ficls. ffiELtljiclj id etier noteD in tlje p t actifc of bis toarres, ans nnmclp 
 at tlje Cegc of Vobfcb,about eight petes fince : tobcre be repulfes tlje Ipolonian kfog Stepan Ba- x 5 g 0< 
 tore, toftlj bis tobole armie of 1 ocooo mm.ans forces bint in tbc ens to giue ouer Ijis Cege^itf) 
 tbe Iofle of manp of bis beff ffaptaines ano fouloicrg, "But in a fct fielo tbe Eutfe is notes to Ijaue 
 euer tbc tuoj fe of tbe polonian ano <§>toesen, 
 
 ' 3|f anpbeljaucrjimfelfe mo?e baliantlp tben tlje refl,o? bo anp fpecial piece of feruice,tbe Cm- 
 jrerojjftnsetl) Ijimapiece of golse,Campes toitb tl;e Jmageof !§>aintGeorge onbo?,fcbacke. **">**■ &i 
 iKUbtcbtbepbangtontbeirfleeueis^fetintbeircapss. Sins this is accountcs the greatefl honour "' 
 tljep can receiue.f o? anp Ccruice tfjep Doe. 
 
 Of their Calonics,and maintaining of their eonquefts,or pur- 
 chafes by force. 
 
 *T^)e KuHe Cmperojs oflateperes rjatte berp muctj enlarges tljeir somim'ons.f territories. 
 X ©beic firfl conquett after tbe Dukcsome ofMofco (fo? befojetbattime tbep lucre but 
 iDukesof Volodomcr,asbefcjetoas fais)toas tbe cities Dukesome of Nouogrod on p Wc$, 
 ano 33 o? tbtoefl licet torjicb toas no fsnnl enlargement o f t Ijeir Dominion, a- flrengtljening t o tbc m 
 fojrbetoimungoftkerefl. Fiji's toas Done bp Iuan great gcanofatljer to Theodornoto<£ropc* 
 to;, about tljepere 1480. QLfye fame began liketotfe to encroaebbpon tlje countries of Licuania 
 ano Liuonia, but tbe conquett onlp intenses, 9 attemptcD bp Ijim, upon Come part of tbofe coun* 
 tries.toaspurfiies $ pcrfomtes bp bis fonhe Bafileus.tobo fitfl loan tbe ct'tie «■ sukesom ofPlei- 
 ko,aftcttoarostbe cttie? sukesome ofSmolenfco, f manp otber faire totons, toitfj alarge tcrri« 
 to?p belonging bnto tbem,abouttlje pcre i j $fM10i bictojies againtt tlje lettoes 0? lituani* 
 ^n&intrjettmeof Alcxandertbeirou&e,ljeatcln'eueo ratberbpaouantageof ciuil Dtffenttons,? 8 
 treafons among tbefclues.tljenbp anp great poIicie,ojfojce of Ijisoton. 35utaltbis teas loft a« J 
 gaine bp lji$ fan Iuan Vafiliwich.about 8 j 9 peres patt, bpon copofition toitlj p Ipolontan feing 
 StephanBatorc:b3ljcruntobeniagfo?ceDbp tbe aotiantagcs tobittj tljePrfeljaD tbcnofljim.bp 
 reafbn of tbe f oile be bao giuen bim befoje, anD tbe Difquietnes of bis oton Hate at fjome. ffinelp 
 tbeftuffe Cmpcro?,at trji« time Ijatlj left bim on tlj.it (toe bis cottnterp , tbe cities of Smolenfco, 
 Vobfco,Chernigo,fBcalagorodtnLituania,3InLiuonia,notatomnenoj onefootofgrouno. 
 
 ^bcBBafiHusfirCconquereDtbofetouiitrieSjljelurTcreDtbentbenatiuesto heepe tbcirpof- LituM!a - 
 feffions, ano to inrjabite all t(jetr (ouines,onclp paptng Ijim a tribute, bnocr tbe gotterncment of 
 Ijts Kuffc Captaines. But b? tbeir conlpiracics $ attempts not long after, be to as tatigljt to Deale 
 moje turelp toitb tb^m, 3ud fo commtng bpon tljcm tbe fcconD time, Ijc killcD anD carieo atunp 
 toitb bim,tb;ee parts of foure.tofjictj be gaue 0? folo to tbe Tartars trjat ferueo Ijim tn tbofe tears, 
 anDin fleas of t$em placeo tbere bifi Euffes,fo manp as mt'gbt ouermatcb tlje reft, toitb certaine 
 garifons of flrengtbbeODes; IKberem nottoitljflansing tljts u e rfigljt toas committ cd ,fo? that 
 (taking atoap toitrj Ijim tbe bplans,o? countrep people tbat Djouls Ijaue tilles tbe grouno, 5 mtgljc 
 eaDlp^aue bene kept in o^secniit^out anp Sanger, bp otber goos policies) be toass;iuenaftcr- 
 toarss manp pereutogetber, to bitaile tbe countrep (fpeeiallp tlje great totones) out of bis otone 
 countrep ofRuflia,tlje tbile Ipingtbere in tlje meane toljile toaft, ano buttlles. 
 
 %ty like feil OUt at tlje pojt of Name in Liefland,to|ereb«S forme Iuan Vafiliwich ocuifesto N"™** 
 builD a totone,ans a caflie on tbe otber fioetrjeriuer, (calico Iuangorod)to keepe tlje totone ano 
 countrep in f ubtection. Che caQIc Ije caufeo to be fo built ans f 0? tifies , tljat it toas tbougljt to be 
 inttin ciblc. 9n& toljen it toas furntujes, fo; retoars to tbe architect (that toas a polontan) Ije put 
 out both IjisepeSjtomakebtm unable to buils tlje like againe. But batting left tlje natiucs all 
 tottljin tljctr otone countrcp,toitbout abating tljeir number 0; If rengtb, tbetotone ans caflie not 
 Ions after toas bctrates, ans futrensies againe to tbe king of <§>toeoen. 
 
 On tbe Stoutfjeafl fise, tbep Ijaue got tbe kingoomes of Cazan, ans Aftracan, Cbefctoere 
 tootme from tbe Tartar, bjt t^elate ^mperour Iuan Vafiliwich, the one about tbirtiefiue, 
 tip otber. about tjjirtic ano t&jee jeare^agoe, JRojthtoars out of tbe countrep of Siberia,hebatrj sib«riaantio!». 
 
 <^>f 3 lava 
 
4.8 6 The Englifti Voyages, The borderers yponHuftia. 
 
 ^Taiiqiuft of a 
 1000 utiles. 
 
 P crania ant) 
 Pechora. 
 
 ajeansnfliol- 
 
 Dmgclnci? 
 
 totoute. 
 
 fptflitsaoffiol' 
 
 bins t'.te coun- 
 tries of Pccho- 
 ra,rcrmi3,inD 
 Siberia. 
 
 Siberia. 
 
 ■SneWitganiO' 
 
 tiler of Siberia. 
 
 1588. 
 
 3Ihft3olomA'8 
 calleo Laches bp 
 tjjc Ruffe. 
 
 «ije «tl}im 
 Tartar. 
 
 -Che firing of 
 
 Mofco bptfie 
 <rr)iiin3Iarta^ 
 in rqt peart 
 IJ7I. 
 
 lapeo vmto his realme a greatiijeaotlj anD length of grounB,from Wichida to the riuet of dbba, 
 about a 1 000 miles fpacc: fo ttjac tie is boinc to to?: it e him fcife nolo, The great Commander of 
 Siberia, Cbe countries likctoife of P«mia ano Pechora area Bitters people ano language from 
 the Ruffe, oucrcome net long Cnce 3 ano t|iat rather bp tbj*3ming,anD ihakingof the f tos?s, t^en 
 bp anp actuall to?ce : as being a toeane ano nakco peopIe,toitbow meanes ta refitf. 
 
 tljat totjiclj the Ruffe bath in his p? e few pou"cu"icn,lje fceepc t b on t h ts fo jt, 31 n ht's route chief 
 bo joer cotones of Vobsko^Sniolensko.AftracaD.ano Cazarjihe bath cettaine of bis counfeinoc 
 8fgreateffnobilitp,bHtofgceatcfftrutt,tohichhaM 
 
 the countenancing ano Qrengt bening of their goueenment there) then the other Dukes that are 
 fee to goucrne in other places, as teas notch befbje , in the matter of joer ing their ^ouinces. 
 SSfeeufft cbangetb fomecime euerp pere,fometime etterpfecono 0? tfaito pete, hat erceeoeth not 
 that time,erccpc hpon Deep fpeciall t ruff, ano gooB Using of the partp, ami bis feruice \ leaff bp 
 enlargingof tijeic timctbcpmigljt grotu into Come familiaritie tuittithe rnemie( as fome. bane 
 Done) being fo farce out of fight* 
 
 %%z totoues heftoes are hcrp frronglp fenceo toitb trenches, catties, $ fltue of munition, arm 
 baue garifons toithin t bcm,t the number of ttoo 0; th jce tboufano a piece, "£.bcp are ffojco toub 
 Diet ual if a up fiege Gjoulo come hpon tljem,fo j tlje fpacc f tiuo ? t h?cc percs befo \z bang, ZU 
 foure catties of Smolensko,Vobsko,Cazan anu Atfracan,hchatljmaBe:berp ff rong to bcareout 
 anp fiege : To that it is thought thatthofetotones are impregnable, 
 
 9s foube countries of Pechora ana Permia,ano that part of Siberia, tBtjtchhe hath ntito hn«. 
 Ber lj!m,thcp are kept hp as eafie meaner, as tbcp mere firtt got, vz,catbcri>p fljetoing.tben hph« 
 fing of amies , Jf"irfl,be hat [j flo jcd the conn trie toitlj as many Ruffes as the r e are nat iues, 9 bat b 
 there fome f cto fouloiecs in garifon,inougb to keepe them tmocr, SecoBlp, bis officers 9 99 agi< 
 G rate s there are of bis ton Euffe people, ano be cijangetfj tbcm berp often, vz, euerp pere ttorfe 
 0,2 tbjife : nottoitbttanoing there be no great feare of anp innouation. '£&irolp,be Deuioetb tljcm 
 into manp final gouemments,lihe a ftaffe bjokc in manp Onall pieces : fo $ thep bane no ttrengtf) 
 being feucreD, toljicb toas hut litle neither toben thep mere al in one. 4FourtbIp,be pjotiioeth that 
 the people of the cottntrie baue neither armoj,no j monep,being tareo 9 pifleDfooften as he thin* 
 keth gooo : without anp mcanes to (bake off that poke,o? to reiieue tbemfclues, 
 3in Siberia (mberc be goetb on in purfuing bis conqueff)he bath oiners cades ?ganTons,to the 
 number of 6000 fouloiers ofKuffesf polonians,? fwDethmanpnemfuppliest{jithtr,to plant 
 ano to inhabit e,as be uiiimet b grouno.3 1 this time bcfitics be bath gotten the kings bJotbcr of Si- 
 bcria,ailurco bp ccrtatne of biscaptaiurs.to leauebisoum countrphp offers of great entertain^ 
 ment,ano plefanter life toitb the Ruffe ©npero?,then be bao in Siberia, $pe tnas brought in this 
 lafl pere,ano is nom mtth tlje Cmperoj at Mofco tocll entertcintB, 
 
 Of the Tartars ,and other borderers to the country of 5rj</&*,with 
 whom they haucmoft to doc in warrc, and peace. 
 
 Tfi)c ir neighbors uii t b tofjom th cp baue great ell healings 9 interconrte, bo t b in peace 9 toar, 
 are firfi the Cartar.^econolp tlje polonian mbom the Ruffe cal'etlj Laches,nottng thefitS 
 aucboi 0? founder of the nation, mbo mas calico Laches 0; Lechcs.toljerunto is ahoeo Po_,ia^tclj 
 fignifietb People, ant) fo is maw PoIaches,tbat iS,t be People or poftcrity of Laches : lubicb the 
 Latins after tbeic mancr of touting cal Polonos.C^e tbiro are tlje £>&>ehcns.'&be IPoIonians 9 
 &iut ; ns ace better knomen to tbefe parts of Europe then are tbe Tartars, tbatare farther off 
 from bs(as being of Afia)ano niuioeo intomanp tribes, Different in name, ancgouernmew one 
 from another. Woz greatell ano migbtiefl of rijem is the Cljjim Tartar, (tobomfbme cafl the 
 Grc3t Can) tbatltetrj§iotttb,$S>outljcaffmarD from Ruffu,anti Both moCannop the countrp 
 hp often inuafions,commonlp once euerp pere, fbmetimes entring herp farre toitbin tbe inlanb 
 parts, 3intbcpcre 1571 be came as farre as the cirie of Mofco, with an armie of 100000 men, 
 mithout anp battels refinance at al,fo? that tlje SufTe «Empero? (then Iuan Vafili wicb)leaomg 
 foitb bis armie to encounter mitb lj iin.mar c Ijeb a to?ong map, 'Clje cttie he toofee not, hut fire n 
 tbe fuburbs, lubicb bp reafon of the butlBings (tuhtcb are all of toooo mithottt anp ffone,b?icfe, j 
 lim c jfatic certeine out roomes)ktnoleD fo quicklp,anB to en t on mitb fuclj rage, as that it confu- 
 meo tbe greateff part of tlje cittealmofl toitbin thefpace of foure hourcs, being of 30 miles 0? 
 r.toje of compaffeXben might pou baue fecne a lamcntahlefpcctacle : befiocs tbe huge 9 might? 
 flame of tbe citte all on light fire, tbe people burning in their homes ano C recces, \m mod of all 
 f fitch as labouteD to paffe tit of tbe gates far th eff from the enemi t , tofcc re meeting together in 
 a migbtp tb;ong,$ to p jefftng euerp man to p;eu?nt another , toeogeo t^tnfeUf?s (a faff toitbin 
 
The borderer syf on 2^/w>.Traffiques 6c Difcoueries., 4.87 
 
 ibegate>anotfreetesneereuntoit,as that tbjeerankestoalkeo one upon t^c ot^eris beao, the 
 fcpjermott treating ootone thole that toere totoer rfo that thereperiOje at that ttme(as was fan) 
 »p the fire fj tbefteffe, tbe number of 800000 people oj moje. 
 ■&he principal! tauCe of this continual quarellbettoitt the Ruffe $ the Chiim 10 fo? the rigfjt of 
 
 cewame bo^oerpmeclamteo by ^eSattar,btttpoffi^oupti)emuffe^fae Tartar alleagetb 
 that bcficcs Aftrac an ano Cazan (that are clje ancient poffclfion of tlje Gall Tartar) tlje toljole 
 totmcrci) from his bounos Jt2o;itb ana SflMtoaro fo farre as the cttie of Mosko, ano Mosko it 
 felfepertetnetbMhfecigbt. mbicbfremetbtobauebfrumuebptherepojtof the IRuffcs them mm , t, ont 
 felucs, tbattdlofaecrtainehomagetbattoastnjne bp tbe Euffefimpereur euerp pecretorbe &pme««nt« 
 great Chrim oj Cah.tbe Euffe ©mperour (tanning on foot ano feeoing tlje Chnms hojfe, (ijim-- «r. Ch,wl $M ' 
 felfe fitting on (jig. backe) toitb oat es out of his otone cappcin flrao of a botole 0; manger,ano tbat 
 toichin tlje cattle of "Mosko.ano thifrbdmage (tbep fap)i»as none till tbe time of Bafileus grano* 
 father to this man, 32Hjo ftirpH'fingtbe Chrim <£mperour bp a ffratageme none bp one of bis no-- 
 btlitie (calleTJ luan Demetro wich Bclfthey) toas content toitb this rauntbme.vizam'cb tlje cban« 
 gingof tbi6bbmagem«o« tribute of tores i tohtcbaftcrtoarosaffc toas Denieo to be paioe bp 
 tbisCmperojs father, 
 
 (|>eKttpontbep conttouep 1 qttaml,tbe^ 
 f Chrim Cartat imtabing bim once 0? ttoife euerp pete, fomtime about SElbit fonttoe, but oftnec 
 in baraeCSaibat time if tbe great Can 0? Chrim come in bis otone perfbn,he bn'ngeth toitb bim 
 a peat armie of 1 00000, 0? a ooooo,men, ©thertoife tbep make fljojt $ fuooen robes into tlje 
 countrep toitb Icfixr mtmbers.r unning about tbe lift of tbe bojoer a? toilo geefe fliejnuaoing ano 
 retiring inhere thep fee aouantage, 
 
 Cbtfrcommon]#attffe(;beingberppopufous)isto make oiuersarmies, ano fo djatoingtlje wtmMtt t 
 Euflc to one o? ttoo places of tlje frontiers, to inuaoe at fomc other place , tbat is left toithout Be- tbe cartas 
 fence. Cbeirmawr of fight, ojojocring of tbeir forces is mucb after tbe Ruffe maner (fpoken Sou , r? nBw * 
 ofbefo?e) fane tbattoep arc all bo?femen,anocarienothingelsbtttabotoe,afijeafeofarrotoes, 
 ana a falcon ftoo?D after tbe ^urkiu) falbion, Chep are berp erpert ho jfemen, ano bfe to fboote 
 as waoflp backtoaro,as fojtoaro ,^>ome mil ijauc a hojfmans ffaffe like to a bo?e fpeare, befioess 
 tbeir other weapons, Clje comon fouloier hath no other armour then his ojminarp apparcll, viz, 
 a blache (beeps fkin toitb tlje toool fioe outtoaro in the Dap time, ano inttaroe in the night time, 
 loitb a cap of the fame. Uu t their Morfcy s 0; noblemen imitate tlje 3Durk both in apparel ano at* 
 inottr.silben tljep are to paHe ouer a riuer toitb their armie,thep tie th jee 0? foure ljo?fes toge* 
 tlje r, ano taking long poles 0; pieces of toooo,binb tljem fad to the taiies of tbeir bo jfe : fo fitting 
 mulje poles tljepojiue their ho?fe ouer,9 1 hsnoie firokes (tDhen thep iopnebattcll) tbep are ac 
 count co farre better men then the Ruffe people, Scree bp nature, butmojehatDpano blooop bp 
 continual! pjactife of toarretas men knotting no artes of peace, no; anp c mil p jact ifc, 
 
 Uettbeir fubtHtp is moje then map teeme to agree toitb their barbarous conoition,T£>p reafbn ffih 
 tbep arepjactifeo to inuaoe continuallp, ano to robbe their neighbours that bo?oer about them, of %« ««mV 
 tbepareberpp;egnant,antirea{ipb}itteotot>euifeliratagems bpon tlje fuooen fo; their better 
 aouantage.Jls in their toarreagainft Bealathe fourth,kingof Hungarie, inhume tbep imiaoeo 
 toitb 50oooo,men,anoolitaineDagainttljimagreatbictoHe,a2lherr,amongother,h«tingnaine 
 |isChancelo;caHeoNichoIasSchinick,tbepfounaabottthimthekmp^p;tupleale.(KHf)erettp-- 
 on tbep oeuifeb p?cfcntlp to co uncer fe it letters in tlje kings name , to the cities ano totones nert 
 about the place, tohere the fielo toas fought ; toitb charge that in no cafe t hep ujonlo conuep tbl* 
 felues,anti their gooos out of their btoellings, tohere tbep might abide fafelp toitljout all f care 
 of Danger, anonotleauethccountrepnefoiatetothepoffeffionof fo bile ano barbarous an ene= 
 mie, as teas tlje Tartar nation, terming themfelues in all rcpjocljful matter, f j nottoitljftan-- 
 Bntg he hau loft ht'S carriages.toith fome feto ttraglers that hab marcljcD oifo^oerlp, pet Ije do ub- 
 teo not but to recouer that loffe, toitb the accede of a notable Diet jie, if the fattage Tartar ourtf 
 abtoe him in thefiettMEo this purpofehaurngtonttftt thwr letters in theipolift) character,bp cer« 
 tainepong men inborn tbep tooke m the fielo,anD figneo tljem toith the Stings feale, thep oifpat» 
 cb cd them fo j tlj to all the quarters of Hun gat is ,t lj at lap neere about the place « thereupon the 
 tlngatiana that toere no to riving atoap toitlj their gooos,toittes,ariD clj tlo?en , Upon tlje rumour 
 of the kings mtertb join, taktitg comfojt of thefe counterfeit letters, ttaieD at home, anu fo toere 
 maoe a y jap, being fttrpufeo on the fuDDcn bp thi'shuge number af thefe Cart ars, that bao com* 
 paffetnhem about before thep toere atoare, ' •' • 
 
 Z2Jhew thep befiege a totone 0? fojt,thep offer muchparle,anb fenb man? Battering meuage* 
 to perftoaoeafurrenb?p: p?ornifing ail things that the inhabitants inill require i butbeingonce 
 JolTeflen of t&epfoce, t(jep »fe all maner of hottilitie, ano crueltie, C(;i» tljep boe upon a rule the? 
 
 faaue, 
 
4.88 The Englifti Voyages, Tbe borderers Tttpon %u$a. 
 
 baue,vz.tbattuatceis to Uee p?acttCeD but tomarbs their otone, %\)t? encountecnotligbtlp, 
 but tbep faaue fome ambuft) , tobereunto (baiting once (bttoeb tbemfclues, ano mabe fome fejojt 
 conflict) tbep retire as repulfcb foj feare, ano fo ttjato the enemie into it if tbep can, Tdm the 
 mutTebeeingtoellacciuainceb toitb tljeic p?aai£e is mojetoarie of them, BUljen tbep come 
 arouingtoitb fomefmall number, tbepfetoobojfcbwfeecouwerfaiteujaptstofmen.tbattbjn: 
 number map fceme greater 
 
 ^benthepmafeanpon&t.tbeirmanerWfomakeagreatu^wte.frpingjHouttogetljerOI. 
 la Billa^lla Billa,GoU hclpe vs.God help vs.^bep conterane Beatb fo mucb»as tbnt tbepcbufe 
 ratber to bie,tben to peelb to tbeir enemie,ami are feene toben tljcp are flain tobite tbe berp toc» 
 pon , toben tbcv are paff finking ojbelping of rbmtfelues, <Hftbereinappear«bboto Different tbe 
 Tartar is in bis befoerate courage from tlje KmTe ano Curke, Jr o? tbe IRuSe foitloier-, if |e be= 
 gin once to retire, puttetb all bis fafetie in bis fpceop fligbt^noifonce be betakerebp bis enemp-j 
 Ije neitber befenbetb binrfelfe, no? imreatetb fo? bis life, as recftoningCraigbt-io t>ie.€be Emit 
 commonlp,toben be is patt bope of efcaping , falletb tointreatieiann cauetb ateap bistoeapon,of* 
 fer etb botb W banbs, anb Ij olo ctb tbctu, as it mere to be tieb : Roping to Owe Ijub life,bp offering 
 rjimfclfebonoflaue. 
 
 ^betbiefebootietlje Tartars Ceekefoj in all tbeir toarresistogetfojeofcaptutes, fpeet 
 allppoungbopcs ,anb girles, toljome tbep fell to tbeCurk«s,oj otber t&eirneigbbours, %a 
 . this putpofc tbep take toitb tbcm great baf kets mabe like bakers panniers to earrp tbem teubcrs 
 Ip, anb if anp of tbem bappen to tire, o j to be Gcke bp tbe toap , tbep bafi) bim agaitrtr tbe grounu, 
 o? fome tree,anb fp leaue bim beab . djc §>ouioiers are not troubleb toitb keeping tbe eaptiue* 
 anb tbe otber bootie , foj binbecing tbe execution of tbeir toarres, but tbep baue certaine 
 banbcstbacuuenbnotbingelfe, appopntebof parpofc to receiue anb keepe tbe captiueg anu 
 tbe otberp jape, 
 €be <rn«ar ^beHuu"ebo?berers(befagbfcb to tbeir tnuaGonsIigbttptuerppere in tbe&ommrr) keepe 
 religion. keepe fetoe otber cattell on tbe bojber partes , faue ftoine onelp tobicb tbe Tanar toill tut toucb, 
 noj d jiti e atoap toitb him : fo j tfjat be is of tbe Z u rkiflj religion, anb toill eat e no ftoines fleu).SDf 
 Cliuit out S>autourt!jcp coufeiTe as mucbas Doetbtlje 'Sucke m bis Alkaron, viz, tfjat became 
 of tbe Slngel Gabriel anb tbe Virgin Marie, tbat be bias a great $ jopbet, anb (ball be tbe Jttbge 
 of tbe toojloe at tbe Iaff oap, 3|n otbermatter liketoifo, tbep are mucb ojbereo afcet tbe manner 
 anb Direction of tbe bucket Ijauing fclttbe -^utkiuj fojees toben Ijcetoonnc from tbem Azou 
 ano Caffa, toitb fome otber totones about tbe Euxineo? blacke§>ea, tbat mere befoje tributs* 
 ties to tbe G rim Tarcar, <s>o tbat no to tbe <£mpcro j of tbeCrims fo; tbemodpart is cljoten one 
 of tbe jftobilicp tobom tbe Cutke ooetb coimnenb : toljerebp it i& bjougbt nptoe to pafle, that tbe 
 CrimTartargittetbtotbe 'Curketlje tentbpartof the fpople tobicb bee gettetb in bis toarres a» 
 gainfltbeiCbjiflians. 
 
 herein tbep biffcr from tbe ^urkiflj religion , fo j tbat tbep baue certaine teole puppets mabe 
 of Dike, o j like Huffe, of tbe faujimtof aman, tobicb tbep faffento tbe booje of tbeir talking 
 boufes, to be as Ianufiesoj keepers of tbeir boufe, 3nbt!;efetDoIes are mabe not bp all, butbp 
 certaine religious toomentobicbtljepbaue among tbem fojtbat anolikebfts. ^(jepbaue be* 
 fioes tbe image of tbeir ISingo? great Can, of an bugebignefle.tobicb tbep erect ateuerpflage 
 toljen tbe armp marc&etb, : anb tbis euerp one muft beno anb botte bnto as be pafletb bp it , bebe 
 Tartar o? flrajtger, %fcv are mucb giuen to toitcrjeraft, anb ominous coniectnres bpon euerpac* 
 cioenttobicbtbepbeareojlee, 
 
 3In making of manages tbep baue no regarb of alliance oj confanguinitie.©nelp toitb bis* mo s 
 
 tbe r,fi(tcr ,ano baugljter aman map not marrie,anb tbougb be take tbe tooman into bis lioufe,anB 
 
 accompanp toitb ber, pet be accountetb bet not fo j bis totfe till be baue a crjiloe bp ber, % ben bee 
 
 beginnetb to takea botojpof ber frienos of bo jfe,u)eepe,kme,?c,31f fte be barren aftera certaine 
 
 time,be t urnc tb ber borne agatne, 
 
 etie tartar Qxtott tlje Cmpetour tbep bane certaine Duketf, tobome tbepcall Morfcis o? Diuoymorfeis, 
 
 nobiiitit. tbat rule ouer a certaine number of i oooo, joooo, oj 40000, apiece, tobieb tbep call Hoord«, 
 
 (Bfecn tbe Z mperour batb anp bfe of tbem to ferue in bis toarres , tbep are bounb to come, ana 
 
 to bjing toitb tbem tbeir Sotdbters toacertam number, euerp man toitb btetwobojfe attbe 
 
 leafl,t be one to r ioe on,tbe otber to kill, toben it cemmctb to bis t urue to baue bis bojfe eate JF oj 
 
 Tfit tartar x ^ x rijIcfe ^.^ fe ^ 0?ft g e q, } to j,^ ^ f p mt xoitljovt b?eab, 0} airp otber tbing toitb it» 
 
 &o tbat if a Cartar be taken bf aB utfe , be Cball be fure ligbtlp to ttnDe a bojfc-Ugge, oj tome 
 otberpart of bimatbisfabblebotoe. 
 8 8 ?tbis lafl peere toben % teas at tbe Mofco, came in oneKuiach Morfey,nepbeto to tbe ©npe« 
 
 rouroftbeCrimstbatnotoets (tob«f« father toa5CnrneroHrbefoje)ac«mpanwa toitb joo, 
 
 ©artars, 
 
The borderers Vpon %/&*.Traffiques & Difcoueries. 4,89 
 
 ■Eartars.ano bis ttoo toiucs, hereof one toasbts brothers to iooto,£aijcre being intertaineo in 
 toerp gooo fojt after the Euflemaner, bee Ijao fciit unto ijts loosing; foj (jib luclccmc.to beemaoc 
 reaop fo? bis fupper ano bis companics,ttoo berp large aim fat ho?fes,reaop flapeo in a fleo.'&brp 
 prefer it before other fleflj , becaufe tfjc mcate is ttronger (a? tljep Cap) tljen 3Becfe,St9uttcn,ano 
 fucb Iifee.SnD pet (tobicb is marueile) though tljep feme all as bo?femen in tbe toarrcs, aim catc 
 all ofljo^fe flelb, tbere are b?ottgbt pecrefp to the Mofco to bee crcljaugeo fo? other commoDiticiS 
 3 o.o?4o,tboufano ^ artar bo?fe,tobicb tljep caUConcs/ftbepkcepealfo gre at teams ofkine,? 
 flocks ofblackeujecpe,rat&erfo? the f bins ano mil&e (torjicb tbep carictoitb them in pent lot- 
 teisjtbenfi^tljebfeoftbeflcfl), tbouglj fometimesthepeate of it, sgome bfe tljep ijauc of rpfe, 
 figs,ano other fnrits.'&bep Djinke milke o? toarme blooo,ano fo? tlje mott part caro tbcm botlj to= 
 getljer, ^bepbfefomttimeastbeptrauelbptbetoap, to let tbeir bo?fe blooD in a bainr, aim to 
 o?inke it toarme, as it commctlj from bis booie, 
 
 1 ketones tbep plant none, no ? other fianoing builoings , but banc toalking houfcs.tobtcb tl;e ^ fic gmmrs 
 latincs call Veij, built bpon tobeeies like a fljepbratDS cottage, tLljefe tljep o?atoe toitlj tljcm ^""na- 
 tobitljerfoeuer tbep goe, D?iuing t(;cir cattefl toitlj tbenn Sno tolje it tljep come to their flage , o? 
 flancing place, tbep plant tbeir carte bouftsbcric o?oeripinaranke: ano fomake tlje fo?me 
 offircetes.anoof alargetotone, &tm this is the manner of the €mpero?ljimfcife, toboijatl) 
 nootljet featof «£mpirebut an Agora, o?totoneoftoooD,tljatmouet!j toitbbmt tohitberfoeuer 
 hee goetb , as fo? the fireo ano ftanoing builoing ofeo in otter countrepes, tbep. Cap tbep are 
 Dutoijolcfomc ano unplcafant, 
 
 ■Ehe? begin to mooue tljeir Ijonfes ano catteHintbe!§>p?ing time from the feoutbaare of 
 iljeirCountreptotoarostlje ji5o?tbpartes,aimtbo?iuingontilltbcpbflucgrafeo all iipto tlje 
 faetbeff pa'ft^o?tbtoaro,tljep rmtrncbacke againetotoaros t(jetr ^outlj countrep(toherethep 
 continue all tlje 2£tinter)bp i 0,0? 1 2. miles attage: in tlje meane toijiletbe graffi; beingfpmng 
 bp againe,to ferttefo? tljeir cattcll as tljcp returne, jFrom tbebojoerof the shaican totoatos the 
 Cal]ptanfea,to tlje l&ufle frontiers, tbep baue a gooolp Countrep, fpectallpontlje <§>ouibaim 
 &outljeattparts,butlo(rfo?lackeof tillage* 
 
 . ©f monep tbep Ijaue no bfe at all, ano therefore prefer b?nu"e ano Ifeele bcfo?e other mettals, 
 Ijpeciallpbullate, tobicb tbep bfefojftoojoes.kniues, ano oiljer neceflaries, 3s fojgolocana 
 Wuer tbep neglect it of oerpptirpofe, (as tbepooe all ullage of tbeir grouno) to bee mojefree 
 fo ? tbeir toano ?ingkinoe of life , ano to feeepe tbeir tfountrep leffe fubiect to inuafions, (KEtljich 
 gittetbtljem great aouantageagaintt all tbeirne!gljbo?s,euerinuaoing, ano nftterbecingitiua* 
 BeD,S>ucbasbauctabenbpontljemtoinuaDctljeirCountrep(asofolDctimc Cyrus ano Dari- 
 us Hyftafpis, on tlje €aft anoS>outbeail0De)baueooneito3itbberpilIfucceireras loee finfie 
 in tlje ffojies to?tttcn of tljofe times, $0} tljeir manner istofjen anp toill inuaoe tljem, to allure 
 anODjanietbemonbpflpinganoreculing (as if tljeptoereafraioe) tilltbep Ijaue Djntocntljem 
 fome gooo toap toitbtn tbeir countrep. 'S.ljen toben tbep beginto toant oictuall ano other necefe 
 ries(a!S neeoes tbep mutt toljere notbtngis to be Ijaojto Ooppe bp tbe palfages, ano inclofe tljem 
 toitb multituoes ♦ 'Kp tuljiclj flratagem (as toec reaoe inLaonicus Chalcacondylas in Ijis Tur- 
 kifla tto?ie ) tbep hao niclnigb furpjifeo tbe great ano huge armie of Tamerlan, but tljat bee tc- 
 ttreoboitb allfpeeocljeecoulo totoaroes the riutr Tanaiso? Don,not iuithout great lofle of \)i$ 
 men, ano cartages, 
 
 3nthettO?teof PachymeriiistbeGreeke(iDhtcb b?Cimoteof tbe Cmperojjsof Conflanti- Pjc i, vmct i as 
 poplefromtljebegtnning oftlje reigne of Michael Palaeologus to the time of Andronkus the 
 eloer) 3 remember he tellctb to tbe fame purpofe of one Nogas a Tartarian captatne onoer Ca- 
 zan tbe Cmpctojoftljc Cad Tartars(ofw!;om tlje cttteano kingoomeof Cazanmapfieme to 
 bauetaken tbe Denomination )toljorcfufeo a pjefent of ipearle ano otberielDels fent onto him 
 from Michael Paliologus : afking toitball,fo?tohat bfe tbep ferueo, ano tobetljer tbep toere 
 gooo tokccpeatoaplickncux, Bcat"b,o?otbermiffo?tuiiesof ttjis Ufe,onio. &o tljatttfecmetl) 
 thep bane euer,o? long time bene of tljat minoe to balue things no fiirtber,thcn bp tbe sfe ano ne^ 
 telfitie fo j tobicb thep fcrtte, 
 
 fojperfon ano to mplcr ion tbep bauebjoaoc ano flat tebifages, ofatanneo colour incopcl-- 
 iotoe ano blacfee, fierce ano cruell lookes, tbinnebaireobpontbebpper lippe , ano pitteof 
 tbe djinne, light ano nimble booieo, totthujojt legges , as if tbep toere maoe naturallp fo? 
 bo?femen t baljereto tljep pjaetife tbemfeiues from tbeir cljtloljooo , telooine going afoot about a= 
 nie bufinelfe, %%tvt fpeeclj is berie fuooen ano louoe, {peaking as it toere out of a oeepe 
 Ijollotoe thjoate, jaHjcntbepfingpou toouloe thinkca kotoelotoeo, c? fome great banoogge 
 botoleo, tljeir greateilerercife ts (booting, toherein thep trainebp their cbilDjen from tljeir 
 berie infancie, not fuffering t&em to eace, till t^ep Ijaue (hot neere the marke toitbina certatne 
 
 ftantlingc 
 
LaorvcusCal- 
 cocondylas. 
 I 
 
 .^^— — — — ^»ii^^^^™^>— *»^1^— ■ ■ >■ ■ ■— ■ »' ' — ■■■ ■■■ ■ . ■ . __ 
 
 490 , 1 he En&l ill V oyages, Tbe border ersypon Tiuftia. 
 
 Ccantlmgi^cj acettjt aerpfeme toat lommmes toere cailm Scytna: Nomaucs.c.^ tlje scy.hi- 
 an fhepheards^bp tt}e (Smkes flnD Lattnes, §>cme tbinke tljat tbe 3turks coohtfictr beginning 
 from tlje nation oftbe Crim Tartars, 2Df tobich opinion is Laonicus Calcocondylas tbe ©reek 
 Jpitfojiograpljer, in bisrMbookeofbis^urkiujflojie, SKljercinbee follotoetlj Diners berie 
 pjobable canted ures, €ljc fird taken from the berie name it felfe, fo? tbat tlje tao?oe Turk 
 Ogmfictlj a §>ljepbearD o?one ttjat follotoetlj a bagarant ann toiloe kinneofiife, 3ptobic{j 
 name tljefe<g>cptbian Tartars baue euerbeene noten , being callen bp the (Sreekes «t»« ^.c 
 j the &cpthian ujejjJjeacos* fipis fcconn reafon, betaufe ttje Cttrkes (in bis time) tbat ntoelt in 
 Afia the leffc, to toit, in Lydia, C aria, Phrygia atxo Cappadocia,fpal?e tbe berp fame language 
 tbat tljcfe Tartars Din, tljat ntoeit betttim tlje riner Tanais 0? Don, ann ttje countrep of Sarma- 
 tia, toljicb (as is toell knotoen) are tbefe Tartars calico Crims, at tljis time alto tbe toljole nati* 
 on of tbe burkes Differ not muclj in tbeir common fpeeeclj from tlje Tartar language, Chirnip 
 becattfe tbe %atkt ann tbe Crim Tartar agree fo toell together , as toell in religion, as inmat» 
 ter of traf fique neuer inuaomg,o? inurping oneanotber : fatte tljat tlje 'Surke (fince Laonicus bis 
 time) ba;b encrocljeo bpon fome ^otones upon tbe Euxm <§>ea, tljat befo?eperteincntotbe 
 Crim Tartar, tfourtljlp,becaufcOrtogules tonne to Oguzalpes, ann fatljertoOtoman tlje 
 firdofname oftbe Cttrktflj nation mane bisfirff roans out oftbofe parts of Afia, bpontbeneri 
 bo?oerers, till bee came totoarnes tlje cottntreps about tlje bill Taurus, inhere bee ottercame tbe 
 ©reekes tljat inljabiten there: ann fo enlargeo tlje name aim territo?ie of tlje Curkiuj nati-= 
 on, till bee came to Eubxaano Attica, ann otljer partes of Greece, cijt's i? tbe opinion of 
 Laonicus, toljo liueo amongtlje burkes in tlje time of Amurat tlje firt 'Surfciib Cmperour , a* 
 bout tljepeere ^oo.tobentlje memojieof tbeiro?tginalltoas mo?e freflj : ann therefore tlje 
 likelier Ijee toas to bit tbe trttetlj, 
 
 <?Pb^«cDiuersotbcr Tartars tbat bo?neri)ponRu(il3 3 as tbe Nagayes, tbe CheremiiTcnsj 
 tbcMoxdwites.tlje Chircaffes,anDtljeShalcans,toljicljall Differ in namemoje then in regiment, 
 c? otljer ccnoitiott, from tlje Crim Tartar, ercept tbe Chircafles tljat bonnet &outbtoett,tO'- 
 toarncs Lituania , ann are farre mo?e ciutll then tlje reff of tlje Tartars , of a comelp perfon,anB 
 of a flatelpbeljautottr ', as applpmg tljemfclttes to tlje fatljion of tbe polom'au , <g>ome of tben* 
 Ijauc fubiectco themfelues to tlje JSings of Poland, ann pjofeffe Cljiifttanttte , %ty Nagay U« 
 etlj Catttoaroe, ann is reckonen fo? tbe belt man of niarre among all tlje ©artars ,but berie fas 
 ttsge, ann cruell aboue all tbe refl, &he Cheremeflen Tartar, tbat Itctb bettoirt tbe IRutTc ann 
 ■grnc chewmiG the Nagsy.a^e of ttoofojts, tlje Lugauoy (tljat is oftlje ball* p) ann the Nagornay ojof the bill? 
 cotmtte}\CljefehauemuchtrcubUntbeemperoursofRuflia. ann tbcrefo?etbt pare content 
 ttototobuppeaccoftbe.biinerpjctenceofgiuingapeErelppcnConofKuffecommoDitieistotbeic 
 Morfey 5) oj Diuoymorfcis^bat are cljicfe of tljeir tribes, jfo? toljicb alfo tbep are bounn to ferue 
 tljem in tljeir toixrs.bnner certaine conoitions^ljep are fate to be Mt ann true in tfjTtrnealiRgst 
 ann fo? tljat caufe tljep bate tlje Kttffe people,tobom tljep account to be nouble,ann falfein al tbetc 
 nealing. 3nn tljerefo?e tbe common fo?t are berp bntoilltng to ktepeagrccment toitlj tljei«,*ut 
 tljat tljep arc kept in bp tljetr Morfeis, 0? Dukes fo? tbeir penGona fake. \ 
 
 ®Ijemoffrune$barbarousiscottiucntbeMordvvit^artac,tbatbatbmanprclfe-faibtOB?sani» 
 firange ktuns of beljautour,niff£ringfrom tlje rett,5fo? bis religion 3 tbouglj Ije acknotolenge one 
 ©oo,pet Ijis nuttier isto toojftjip fo? (Son, tljat liutng tljing ^ b^fitKmeetetb in tbe morning, ?ta 
 ftoeare bp it all tljat tobole nap, tobetber it be bo?fe, nog, cat, 0? tobat&euer els it bee, JOb«t bi* 
 frienn ntctlj,Ije ktlletb bis belt ljo?fe, ann bauingrlapeoofftlje fkinne Ijee carietlj it on bigbbpona 
 Iongpolebcfc?etbero?pestotljeplace of butiall, ^Dljisbee noetb (astljcKuflefaietb)tbat bfe 
 frienn map fyme a goon ljo?fe to carte Ijim to beauen : but it is likelier to neclatfbtstoue totoaroj! 
 rjis nean frienn,in tljat be totll Ijatte to Die toitb tj«n tbe bell tljing tljat be Ijatb, 
 
 jSlert to tlje kiiignomeof Aflracan , tbat tstbefartbeflpart gJoutbeailitarD of tlje Kulfe no« 
 minion, IpctljtbeShalcan, ann tlje countrep of Media :tobttljer tbe IRuffcmarcbantstranefoj 
 ratoeGlkcs,0'nnon,fapbion,fktmies,anDotbercommonities. 'Clje cbiefc 'Stotones of Media 
 toljcretbeKuiretranetb, are Derbent (built bp Alexander tlje great, as tbe inljabitants fap) 
 ann Zamachi toljcre tbe liapleis kept fojratoe Clkes, ©Ijeirmanerisin tbe §>p?ing time 
 of fuhwojmes. m retiiu: tlje filke-toomtes (tljat lie nean all tbe JUinter) bp laping tljem in tbe toarme funne, 
 ann (to Ijaflen tljeir quickening tljat tljep map fooner goe to uio?ke} to put tljem tuto bags, ann fa 
 cinioiiuiaHnh to bang tljem bnner tbeir cljtln?ensarmes, as fo?tljetooo?mecal!eD Chrinifin (as toeecaUiC 
 cfmiiiMoiiiic. Chiymfon) tljat maketljcoloureolHkejit is b?en not in Media, but in Aflyfia. TOjiS trane to 
 Derbenc ann Samachifo? ratoefifkes, ann otber commonitteB of tbat Countrep, as alfo tn*- 
 itticrtp to t0 Perfia,ann BougharianotonetberiuerofVolga,anntb?ougbtbeCarpianfea,ispermitteB 
 rtfirtrpwn aftoellto t\z Cngliuj as to tlje Rutfe merchants, bp tljeCmperourslaft grant at mp being there. 
 Cm. ©Rbirij 
 
 1400 
 
 'San.u ttje 
 rrucllcft. 
 •Sljc Chircafce 
 
 tilECillllltlt 
 
 Ciirwr. 
 
 fcn€actdt of 
 
 ni30fO!tB:tl)E 
 Lugauoy ailD 
 tljs Nagornay. 
 
 ■S()e Mordwic 
 ■Sartar pmoft 
 barbarous of 
 tDertrt. 
 
 ^TficrctiiHiitg 
 
I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 <E5eS»moit«. 
 
 IheTenfiianSjSamoeds^&c. Traffiques,<3cDifcoueries. 4.91 
 
 SEBljtclj be accowuetlj fo? aberp fpcciall fauour,anD migljtpjoue moc coeberp benetuull to our 
 Cnglifb mercbants,if tlje trabe lucre toel ano o?DerIp bfeD, 
 
 '©be Wbolenation of tbe Tartars are btterlp uoiDeof all learning, atto toitbout to jitten ILato J 
 pec certame ruUstljep Ijaue tobicb tljep (join bp traDition.common to all tbe Hoo.-ds foj cbe p?ac» 
 
 tlfe oftrjeir llfe.aBljtCb are of Iljts fo;t, tf irft, To obey their Emperourand other Magistrates, 
 whatfoeuer they commaund about the publike feruicc. 2 Except for the publike behoofe,e^ 
 ucrymantobefrceandoutofcontrolment. 3 Nopriuatemantopoffefieany lands, but the 
 ■ whole countrey to be as common, 4 Tonegleitalldaintinefle andvarietie of meates, and 
 to content themfelueswith that which commeth next to hand, for more bardncfle, andrea- 
 dinesin the executing of their affaires. <; To weare any bafe attire.and to patch their clothes 
 whether there be any nccde or not: that when there is neede,it be no fhame to weare a patcbt 
 coate, 6 To take orflealefromanyftranger whatfoeuer they can get, as beeing enemies to 
 allmcn,fauetofuchaswiIlfubic6tthemfeIuestothem. 7 Towards their owne hoordeand 
 nation to be true in wordc and deede. 8 To fuffer no ftrangcr to come within the Realme, If 
 any doe,ihe fame to be bondllaue to him that firftcakethhinij except fuch merchants and 0- toititom"?". 
 ther as haue the Tartar Bull, or palsport about them, pojtaDimttrti. 
 
 Of the TermianSj Samoites^and Lappes. 
 
 Ttyt Permians anD Samoites that Ipe front Ruflia, jftof tlj anD 3f5o?tIjcaff, are tfjougbt lifce= 
 toife to Ijaue taken tljeir beginning from tlje Eartar kinor. 9nb it mappartlp beegefc 
 feDbptljefaujionof their countenance, asbautngallbjoaDc ano flat faces ast be 'Eartarsbaue, 
 ercepttbeChircaffes.^hePenmansareaccounccDfof aberpancicntpcople, "S^ep are notoe 
 fubiecc totbe&ufle, €4jep It'uc bp bmuing,anD tracing toitljtbeir furres,as alfo noetbtbe J§&a= 
 moit, tljatDjjRfletljnioje totoarceatbe ji'Joftlj ^ea. dje&amoft tjatlj (jig name (as t^e 3S.ttfCc 
 faitlj)of eating ljimfelfe:as if in times pa(f,tbcp liueo as f £annibals,cating one anocljer.&Hbitlj 
 tbep make mo?c p?obabIe,becaufc at tbis time tbep eate all kino of rate fleuj,toljatfoeuer it be s t- 
 «entbeuetpcariontbaclittbintbeDitcb,T5utastbes|)amoit3 tljemfelues toill fep.tfjcp toere 
 eallcD Samole,tbat is,of tbemfelttes, as tbouglj tbep toere Indigen f ,o ? people b jeb upon tljat be 
 ip forte, that neucr changes their feat c from one place to anotljer, as mod nations \>me Done, 
 fSktv are fttbiect at tbis time to tlje Cmperour of Ruflia. 
 
 atalkcDtoitbcertaineoftbem, ano finoe tbat tbep acmtotoleoge one<£oD; butrepjefemljim 
 bp fneb tljings as tbep baue moitbfe ano gooD bp. Sno tljercfoje tbep toojfljip tlje Smnne, tbe 
 SDlIen.tbe Lofij,anD fticb like.3s fo? tlje lfo?p of Slata Baba,oj tlje Golden hagge,(toljicb 31 baue 
 teao in fome mappes,anD Descriptions of tljefe countries,to be an ioole after tlje fonne of an oIdc 
 tooman) tbatbctngDemawjcDbptbepjtett, giuctbtbem certaine ©jacies, concerningtbe 
 fuccefle, onD cucnt of tfjings , 31 FounD it to be a berpfable. SDnelp in tbe 1P?ouince of Obdoria 
 bpontbefeaCDe,nearetotbemoutb of tbe great riuerObba,tbcretsa rocke,tobfcbn3turallp 
 ( being fometoljatbelpcDbp imagination) map fceme to bearethe u>pe of a ragrcco tooman, 
 toitlja cbilD inber amies (as tbe rockebp tbe jftojtlj Cape tljefljapeof a frier) tobere tlje 
 JDboouan sg>amoites bfemuelj torrfoft, bpreafonof tlje commooitie of tbe place fo? fifbing .- 
 ano tljerc fometime (astbeir manner is) conceiue,anc pjactife their fo series, anDomi* 
 nous com cctiuings about tlje gooooj baD fpeeoeof tljeit iottrncics, fifljtngs, buntings, ana 
 fucblihe. 
 
 '«uljep are tlaD in &>eale f kins.toith tbe Fjairic (toe outtoaros Dotone as loto as tlje ftnef£,totth 
 tbtir b^cetljcs anD netljerdocltes of tbe fame.botlj men ano toomeit. Cljep are all blacfte baireo, 
 naturallp bearoIeCfe, 9no tljcrcfo?e tbe men are IjarDlp Difcemeo from tbe toomen bptljeir 
 ]ookcs:fauetbattljetocmentoeareaIockeofbaireDotone along botbtljeir cares. 'Cbcplitie 
 in a manner a toilDc anD fatiage life,touing dill from one place of tlj 1 cotmtrep to anotber,toitljou t 
 anppjopertpofljoufeojlanDmojetoone tljen toanotber, Qtyit leaoer oj cirectec in euerp 
 companie,is tljeir Papa oj pjied, 
 
 ©n tbe 3i2o?tbuDe of Ruflia nert toCorelia,lietljtbecountrepof Lappia.tobicb reacrjettj in 
 lengtbftom tbe fartbett point jiSojtljtoaro, (totoarbs tbe j3o?tbcape)to tbe fartljel! part g>outb= 
 
 eatt(tobicrj tljeRuffe talletb S weetneffe Of Holy nofe, tbe iJEnglifl) men Capegrace) about 34 y, 
 
 berttoj miles, jTrom Sweetneffe to Candelox bptlje toap ofVcrfega (toljicbmcafuretbtlje 
 h} eaotb of that cotmtrcp)is ocmiles j tljereabouts, QUje tobole countrep in a matter ts ritljee 
 lakes, of mountaines, tobtcljtotoarDestbe&eaCDe are calico Tondro, becattfe tbep are 'all 
 of barDeanDcraggprocke,buttljeinIanDpartesaretoellfurnifbeDtoitbtoooDs tljat grotoe on 
 tbe ijillesfiDes, tlje lakes ipingbettoeeue,^e«DtetisberpbarennDlhimle,l5feaD tljepbaue 
 
 none, 
 
 . 
 
 religion. 
 
 
 Slats Tlaai oi 
 
 tjjs golbc Cjag. 
 
 sefabte 
 
 CL'E^Ea- 
 
 
 jriftiiitsojrctt 
 
 
 flTric feflinnii s 
 li.ibit anD bee 
 
 thWIOHE. 
 
 'Sije people ef 
 Meta Incognita 
 furjj. 
 
 
 ^BtSappcfl. 
 
 
«h« matt at 
 
 Coll. 
 
 4.91 The Englifh Voyages, 1 ?^? c Permians,SamoecB,& Laps, ;■■ 
 
 none, but feeue onclp bpon fiuj ano foule. <£bep are fubtect to tbe <!£mpero? of Ru(Iia,ano tlje tusa 
 kings of Sweden ano Denmatke:toljtcball eract tribute ano cuffome of tljem (astoas toe be-- 
 fo?e) but tlje €mpero? of Ruflla bearetb tbe greatett bano ouer tbem, ano eractetlj of tbem farre 
 mo?ettjcntbere&\ %\\z opinionistljattbep toerefirtttermeo Lappesoftljcirbjiefeano (bo?t 
 fpeeclj, ^beEuffeotuioetljibetoMenationoftljeLappcsmtottoolbjxes. %\}t one tljep call 
 Nowremanskoy Lapary,tbat is, tbe Noruegian Lappes becaufe trjep be oftlje Datttnj religion, 
 jfojtrje Dane? ano jf2o?uegians tljep account fo? one people* lEbe ottjcr t&at baue no religion « 
 all but liue as b?uite ano Ijeat&emu) people,toitbout ©oo in t(je too ?loe , tbep cal Dikoy Lapaiy, 
 o?tljetoiloe Lappes, 
 
 ^betobole nation is btterlpmvlearneo, Ijatiingnot fo murrj astbebfe of anpaipljabct,o$ 
 letter among tljem, ffo? pjactireoftoitcbcraftanofojcerietbeppaireaUnatjonistntljetoJjlbe, 
 Hljougb fo? cncljantingof tbips that faile along tljeir coatt,(as 31 baue Ijearo it repo?teo)ano tljeir 
 gluing of toinos gooo to tljeir frienos, ano contrary to otljcr, toljom tijep nieane to ijurt bp tying; 
 of rertaine knots bpon a rope (fometobat like to the tale of ^Eolus bis toinobag) is a berp fable, 
 Detiifeo(asmapfeeme) bptl)emfelties,toterrifiefailcrisfo?comtningneeretl)eir coatt, "SLljeic 
 tocapons are trjelong boto, ano ljanogunne,toberetn tljep crcell, aftoell fo? quickncue to charge 
 ano oifcbarge,as fo? neerenelfe at tlje marke bp reafon of tljeir continualp?acttfe (tobereto tljep 
 are fojceo) ofujooting at toilo fotole, Ctjeir inancr is in Sbommer time to come ootone in great 
 companies to tbe fea fioe.toWardhuyfe.ColaJCegor.ano tlje bap of Vedagoba, ano tljcre to fib) 
 fo?CoDoe,^aImon ) $^ut-fiil) 3 torjicrjtljepfcltotbeS.uu£0 i Dane0#.^ao?ufgian0 1 anDnotoeof 
 late to tlje €ngliujnientljattraoetijitljectoitbclotlj,tobicbfi)rpercljanpu)it!jtbe Laps Gr<ZEo?e« 
 liansfo? tljeir fiuj, ople,anofurres,tobereofalfo tbep baue fomeffo?e, "Ebep boloe their mart at 
 Cola on S.Petcrsoap:tobat time tbe captainc of Wardhuyfe (tljat is refiant trjere fo? tlje king of 
 Denmark)mufl be p?etent,o? at lead feno bis oeputie to fct p?ices bpon rijctr ttockfi(b,train oile, 
 furrcs,anootber commodities: as alfo tbe Euffe<£mpero?g ctiffomer,o? tribute taker.torcceiue 
 bis cufiome, tobicb is euerpatoe befo?e anp tljtng can bee botigljto? foloe, <EHben tljeir fiujingi* 
 DonCjtbtiriininncristoiijatoctbcircaibaficsol boates on fije?r, ano there toleaue tbem toitlj 
 the tele turneo bptoaroes, tiIltbenertfp?ingtioe. tljeir trauaile toatiofro is bpon flcoBest 
 fei«6B siatoett tnatoen bp tlje Okn Deere: toljicb tljep bfe to turne a grating all the §>otnmer time in an Jflatm 
 to«ij3>ttre. ca ij eD Kildyn , (of a berie goon fople compareo toitlj otljer partes of tfrjat Countrep) ano to» 
 toaros tlje CO inter time, tohen tlje fnotoe beginnetfj to fall, tljep fetcb tljcm borne againe fo? tlje 
 bfeofcljeirfieDDe, 
 
 The defcription of the regions , people, and riuers, lying North 
 and Eaft from xMofcouh : as the way from -JHofcottiA to the riuer Petzora> and 
 the Prouince Ingaria or Iuhra, and from thence to the riuer Obi t Likewife the defcription 
 of other countrcys and regions, cuen vnto the Empire of the great Can of Cathy, taken 
 outof ' SigifmHttdus ab Hcrberflcin. 
 
 l£)(£ Dominion oftrjelP?ince of Mofcouia, reacljetb farre totoaru tlje Caff arm 
 
 3I3o?trj,rjnto tlje places tobicb toetoill noto oefcribe, 9s concerning toljicrj tljing, 
 
 31 tranflateb a bookptoas p?efentct>bnto me in tbe ^ofcottitcstongue,anD Ijaue 
 
 bere maoe ab?ieferebearfallof tlje fame. 31 toill6tCtberefo?eoefcribetljeiour- 
 
 <y BCpftomMofcouiatoPetzora.anDfotOlugariaanOObi, Jfrom Mofcouia M 
 
 tlje citieof Vologda , arenumb?eo Sue ljunD?eDbtrfls,one uertl contepningalmoll tlje (pace of 
 
 an3!talianmple, iFrom Vologda to Vftiugtotoarotrjerigrjtrjanb.rjefctnoingtoitb tbecourfe 
 
 oftlje riuer of Vologda ano Suchanatoidj toljom it iopnetb, are counteD6uebuno?en berffes, 
 
 toljeretoitrjm ttoo bertts oftlje totone calico Strelze , ano rjaro bp tbe citie of Vfliug , Suchana 
 
 iopnctlj tmto Iu^> toijiclj runnctb from tije§ioutlj:from toljofemotttlj bnto tlje fp?ings of tbe fame, 
 
 are numb?eo SuerjunD?eb bcrfls, 
 
 "But Sue hana aim lug, after tbep iopne togetljer, lofe tbeir firfl names,anb make but one rtuec 
 nameo D wina.bp tlje tobiclj tbe palfage to tlje citie of Colmogro contetnetlj fiue buno?eB berfls, 
 from tobence, in tlje fpace of fire capes iournep, Dwinaentretlj into tbe j!5o?tlj fficeanatlite 
 moutIjes.3nb trje greatefl part of tljis iournep conOttetb bp j^auigatton.f 0? bp lanoe from Vo- 
 logdabnto Colmogro, pafTingouertbe riuer Vuaga, are a tljoufanoberfles. J!5ot farre from 
 Colmogro,tlje riuer Piencga runningfrom tlje ffiafi on tlje rigljt Ijano fo? tljelpace of feuen bun* 
 &?ebber{fs ) falletljinto Dwina. jfrom Dwina bp tlje riuer Pienega,bp tbe Cpaeeof ttoo buno?e» 
 bertts, tljep come to aplace called Nicholai,fromtobencetott^nbalfeaberftujips rjaue paffage 
 into tbe riuer Kuluiojtorjicrjtjatb bis o?iginallfromalake of tfeefame nametotoawe tbe jaQ?tb* 
 
 from 
 
 It 
 
 ^DEbomiiiioii 
 
 oftltr OijUeaf 
 MofcouiJ, 
 
 Vologda. 
 ISccrt. 
 
 Vftiug. 
 
 Suchana. 
 lugv&atAllrt) 
 
 Oft)IS CVMlft 
 
 ano plrafant 
 itrcamc. 
 
 Piencga. 
 
 Nicholai. 
 
 Kuluio, 
 
I - - - MUM! - — - I ,111 I 
 
 A H^trtbeatterne iournall, Traffiques,& Difcoueries. 39$ 
 
 from tobofe Q»?t«3CS is eight Dates toiage to ttje mouth of the fame,u;bece tt enrretU into toe ©ccan, 
 <§)aplingbpt!;ecoa8soft^ena^t^ani3oftl)etea,tljeppflfl'ebptl)erfa;ton3ofStanuwirche 3 Ca- c&trcgtotia 
 lunczfcho, ano Apnu:3nbfapling about the pjomontojieojcapeof ChorogoskiNofz,Stanu- j^^-Wwo 
 wifche.Camenckh.ano Tolftickh, thep come at length into the ruier Mezen, ana from thence in 
 the fpace of fire oapes,to a DiUagc of the fame name, (tanning in the mouth of the riuet Pieza, bp Pi «\ 
 thetobich agatne afcenoing fotoaro the left hano $ fbmmcr Catt,thep come to the tiuct Piefcoia: p,crco "' 
 from tohence fapling foj tije fpace of fine toerCts, thep come into ttoo lakes.in the rubicb are feene 
 ttoo toapes : tohereof one on the right Gee, goetlj to the riuer Rubicho,bp the toh:cb thep palTe to RnWcha, 
 the riuer Czircho. ©ther,bp an other ano (hotter toap, bjing their Grips from the lake o:'rectlp 
 into Czircho : from inbence, ercept thep be hinoereo bp temped, thep come in the fpace of th?ee cmM 
 teeckes to the riuer ano mouth of Czilma, flooring into the great riuer Petzora, Much in that Cl iima. 
 place is ttto berfts in bjeaotb. Sapling from tljence, thep come in the fpace of fire napes to the p « ior * 
 Cotone ano calile of Pultofero, neate into the tohicb,Petzora cntreth into the J2o jth ©ccan at ?&&«>. 
 (ire mouthes. ®be inhabitants of this place, are men of fimple lw't : thep receiueo the faith of 
 Cbnfl, ano toere baptifeo tn the peare 9p .D.roiii. 
 
 ifrom the mouth of Czilma onto the mouth of the riuer Vfla,going bp Pctzora ,t'js one moneths 
 Stage, vffa hath his fp?ings mtbcmountame'PoyasSemnoi.bringnntheleftbanBtotoarothe v &. 
 fommer €a!l,ano fpjingcth out of a great fteneof the fame mountaine,caHeo Camen Bolfchoi. , ' , m mH „ 
 jf rom the fpjings of Vila to the trauthes of the fante,are numbereo mo je then a thoufano bertts, ' 
 jfurthermo je.Petzora runneth from this fouthtointer part, from tobence afcenoing from the 
 mouthesof Vffa.unto the moutljcs of the riuer Sczuchogora, is ttjjec lueekes biage. 3Cbep t!;at 
 Defcribco this bpage fapD that thep retteo bettueene the mouthes of the riuersof Stzuchogora stwehogora. 
 ano Potzfcheriema,ano left their btctuals there tohicb thep brought toitb them from Ruflla. 13c - potzrch«icm'a. 
 yeno the riuersof Petzoraano Stzuchogora tottaro the mountaine Camenipoias,anothcfea Camcni oias 
 Uith the Jilanns thereabout, anc the Ca3(e of Puftofero, are oiuers ann innumerable nations, ' c "' t "" a! ' 
 toljich up one common name are calleo Samoged (that is) fach as eatethemfelues. ^Ijep haue 
 great increafe of foules, biroeS,ano oiuers kinoes of beafles : as &ables,90arterncs, Metiers, 
 ©t!ers, jjjirmelines, Squirrels : ano in tije ©cean thebeatt calico a S£o?s : Slfo Heue.tohire 
 2r»i'a«s,C<EloIues, H?ares, <&mirooou.wt,greac <KKfjales,anB a ftfb calleo &emfi , tomb Diners o 
 cher. &hc people of thefe nations come not to Mofcouia : jfoj thep are toiloe, ano flee tije compa 
 upano focietp of other men 4 
 
 .Jftom themotttbeSofStzuchogora.fapltngljptlie rittCt bntoPoiafla, Artawifchc.Cameni, poijift, 
 ano Poiaffa the greater , is thjee toieefees bpage , .furthermore , the afcenoing to the mount 
 Camen.isthjee capes iourncp: from the tDhich Difccncing thep come to the rtuec Aitawif- c amS n. 
 cha, ano from thence to the riuer Sibut, from tohence thep palft to the Cattle of Lep'm,ano from ^" u ' t wirch *' 
 Lepinto the riuer Soffa. ^t people thatinhabite the region bp this riuer, are calleo Vuogo- l^S. 
 lid. ieauing Sofia on the right Ijanoe, thep come to the great riuer Obi, that fpjingeth out of Sofb 
 thelsfeeKicaiskojtheiohich.tBithallthehadcthepcoulomafee, thepcoulDfcarcelppafie otter obi\* 
 in one Dap,the riuer being of fuch bjeaotfo that it reachetb fourefco^e ietfls.^be people alfo that Kicaist<> ' 
 Btoell about the riuer, are calleo VuogoliciauoVgritzfchi, jfrom the Cattle of Obea,afcen- vuogoiid, 
 Hing bp t!)e riuer of Oby, nnto the riuer Irtifche, into the Uihich Sofia entereth.ts tbjee moneths fe f . 
 iournep. 31n thefe places are tiuo Caflles nameo Ierom ano Tumcn, nept bp certaine lo?os cal= ino'n,.' - 
 ieoKncfi Iuhorski, being tributaries to the great DuUe of Mofcouia, as tljtpfap, ^ercareoi= TumcB ' 
 ners ktnos of beatts ano f urres, 
 
 jfromthemouthoftheriuerlrtifchetotljeCattleofGruftinj.isttoomonethsiourneptfrom cmm. 
 tobence to the lake Kitai,hp the riuer Oby (uihich 31 faio to haue bis fp?ings in thislake)is moje Kitai - 
 then th^ee moncths iournep* jf rom this lafee come manp blaclte men, lacking the fcfe of common %lwfse mm 
 fpeech. 'Chcp b?ing toith them oiuers tuares, ano efpeciallp pcarlcs ano precious flones, luhich mu'som fpceco 
 thep fell to the people calleo Gruftintzi ano Scrponowtzi.Ehefe haue their name of the Cattle 
 Scrponow, fituatc intlje mountaines of Lucomoria, hepono tljeritter Obi. &bep fap that to the %££%£ 
 men of Lucomoria chaunceth amarueilous thing ano increDible : JFo? tfjcp affirme , that thep ucomo ** 
 oiepeerelpat the rrbtuoap of jQouember.being the feattof ;g>.George among the S^ofcouites: S0w mat 
 ano that at the nert fpjing about the rriii.oap of 3p jfll, thep reutue againe as Doe Jf rogges. u"me* lt ant! 
 
 JQith thefe alfo, tije people of Gruftintzi ano Serponowtzi erercife a ntto ano llcange ktnoe 
 of traoe: jFojtohen the accuflomeD time of their Dping, o? rather of fieeping, app?ocheth,thep uSSfSfim. 
 Ume their toares in certaine places appointeo.tohich the Gruftintzi ano Serponowtzi carrp a= ccaimiff. 
 toap.leautngother toares of enuall balue in their placesttoljichif tbeoeao men at the time of theic 
 teuiuing perceiue to be of bncquall p?ice , tjjep require their otone againe ; bp reafen suljereof, 
 wucijflrife ano fighting i» betuieene them, 
 
 % C Jfrom 
 
 Simoged. 
 
 ifoiiiraantJ 
 beads. 
 
 ISilbt (tapir. 
 
Aurea Anus, 
 Obdora. 
 
 Coffin, 
 Caffima, 
 
 man 
 
 Plinictojitttfl 
 
 OttlJCllliCftilj. 
 
 •grOccntiof tfic 
 
 lOIIUWll. 
 
 494. The Englifti Voyages., A J\(ortbeatterne ifotrnall. 
 
 ob . jfrom tbe riuer of Obi oefcenoingtotoaro tbe left bano, are tbe people calleo Calami, toincl) 
 
 caiamL came tbitljer from Obio wa ano Pogofa. T15eneatlj Obi,about Aurea Anus(tljat is,tbe goioen olo 
 
 mune. toife) arc tlje rtuers Soffa, Berezuua, ano Danadim, all tobicb fpjingout of tbe motmtatnes Ca- 
 
 men.Bolfchega^oiaffa, ano tbe rockes iopning to the fame* Sll tlje nations tbat inbabite from 
 
 ttjcfe n'uer.8 to Aurea Anus, are fubiect to tlje pjince of Mofcouia, 
 
 Aurea Anus,calleD in the spofcouttes tongue, Slata Baba,isan tool, at tlje niouthe of Obi in 
 tbepjouince of Obdor3,Oanoingon tbefuttbeftbanfce totoart> tbefea, 9longbp tbe bankes of 
 Obi,tj tlje riuers neare tfjere about, are bere ano there rhanp catties ano fojtreffcs: all tlje lojoes 
 tobereof.arc fubiect to tlje pjtnce of Mofcouia^s tbep {av.^e p fap aIfo,o? ratber fable, tbat tbe 
 tool calico Aurea Anus,is an image like Unto an olo toife, baumg a cbilo in bee lap, ano tbat tbere 
 is noto feene anotljer infant, tobicb tbep fap to be Ijer nepljcto: aifo,tbat there ate certaine inffru* 
 ments tljat make a continuall founolibe tbe nopfe of Crumpets, tlje tobicb.if it fo be, 31 tbinke it 
 to be bp reafon of tbe toinoc,blotoing continuaflp into tlje boloto places of tbofe inflrtmients* 
 
 Che riuer Coffin falietb out of tlje mountatnes of Lucomoria : jjn tbe mouth of tljig is a ca* 
 Cle.toljitber from the fpjings of tbe great riuer Coffin, isttoomonetbestotnge. jfurtbermoje, 
 from tlje fpn'ngs of tlje fame riuer, tlje riuer Caffima batlj Ijis ongmall , tobiclj running ttjjougbj 
 Tannin a great Lucomoria,falletb into tbe great riuer Tachnin, bepono tlje toljiclj (as is fate) Dtoell men of p?o« 
 ^"opieofmn* oigious fljape, of tobom.fomeare ouergtotoen toitb Ijaire libetoiloebeattes, otljer Ijaue beans 
 " r fi'n s i l h flpe- Itfec Dc SS eiB > anD tbeir faces in tljeiru?ealf3,toicljout ncckes, ano toitlj long bancs alfo, ano toitlj« 
 outfecte. 'Cbcre is Uhetotfe in tbe riuer Tachnin acercainefiO!i,toitbljeaD,epe0,nofe, mouth, 
 banDSj feete, ano otljer members totterlp of humane ujape, ant) pet toitbout anp bopce, ano p!ea« 
 f ant to be eaten, as are otljer fiftjes, 
 
 ail tljat 31 batie bitberto reSjearfeo, 31 baue tranflateo out of tlje faioe iourrtcp tobicb teas Belt" 
 uereo me in tbe 93ofcouites tongue : Jntlje tobiclj, perhaps fometbings map feetne fabulous, 
 ano in mancr incredible, as of tbe oombe men, ano ti)t oeao reuiuing , tlje Aurea Anus alfo ; ano 
 tbe monttrousujapes of men, toitb tbe fifb of bumane fourme: toljcreof, although 31 baue me oe 
 Diligent inqutu"tion,pet coulo 31 fenotoenotbing certaine of anp tljat bao fcene tlje fame toitb t^etc 
 epes : neuertbelefTe, to giue furtljer occaGon to otner to fearcb tbe truetlj oftbeCc things, 31 baue 
 thought gooo to make mention Ijercof, 
 
 NofTin tbe Spofcouites tongue fignifieth a nofe,ano therefore tljcp call all rapes o?pomts,that 
 rcaclj into tlje fea,bp tbe fame name. 
 
 Cbe mottntaineS about tlje riuer of Petzora arc callcDSemnoi Poyas, o?Cingulusmur;di, 
 tljatta.tiiegiroleof tbe too?lo,o?of tlje eartb. 
 
 Kithai is a lake,of toljiclj tlje great Can of Cathay ,tobom the spofcouians cal Czar KuhaiskJ, 
 hatb bis name : jfojXanintbe Tartars language figmfietlj, a B.tng. 
 
 Cljc places of Lucomori a,nearc unto tbe fea, ate faluage , full of tooocs , ano tnbabiteo toitb* 
 out anp Ijoufes. 3no albeit, tljat tbe autbi? of tbis iournep,faio,tbat matip nations of Lucomoria 
 are fubiect to tlje p jince of Mofcouia, pet fo? as mucb as tlje ktngbome of Tumen is nearc tbere* 
 unto, tobofe p?ince is a Cartar,ano nameo in tbeirtongue, Tumenski Czar,tljat is,a feing in Tu- 
 men.antj hatij of late Done greatoomage to tbepjince of Mofcouia : it is mod like tbat tbefe na« 
 tions ujculo ratljerbe fubiect onto bim, 
 
 3freare onto tbe riuer Petzora ( toljercof mention is mane in tljis tcurnep ) is tlje cftie ana ca* 
 file of Papin,o?Papmowgorod,tobofeinbabitants arenameoPapini, anoljaueap^iuntelan* 
 guage,oifftTingfrom tbe spofcouites.'Bepono tbis riuer arc crcceoingbigb mountamcs,reacbing 
 euenontotljcbankes, toljofe riogeso? tops, bp reafon of continuall toinoes,are in matter btter* 
 lp barren toitbout graffe oj fruits, ano altbougb in oiuers places tbep baue oiuere names,pct are 
 tbep commonlp calico Cingulus mundi, tljat is, tlje girole of tbe toojlo. 3ln tljcfe mountaincs ooe 
 gerfalcons b?eeoe, tobereof 3lbattefpoRen befoje, Cljcregrotoe alfo Ctoar trecs,among tbe 
 tobicb are fotino tlje bell ano blacked feinoe of tables : ano onelp tbcfc mountaines are feene in 
 all tbe Dominions of tbe pjince of Mofcouia, toljtcbperbaps are tbe fame tbat tbe olo tojitcrs call 
 
 Rhipheos, J Hyperboreos, fo namet) of tlje ©reefee toO^D, Hyper, tljat iS , 9botie, anD Boreas, 
 
 tljat is,tbe j)5e?tb:fo? bp reafon tbep are couereo toitb continuall fnotoanbfrolr,tbtp can not 
 toitboutgreatoifficultiebetrauapleo, ano reaebfofarre into tlje jl3o?tb,tbattljep make tlje bn= 
 knoteenlano of Engronland.Cljc Duke of Mofcouia,Bafiliustbefonne of Iohn,fent on atime 
 
 ttooofljis CaptatneS,nameD Simeon Pheodorowich Kurbski, $ Knes Peter Vfchatoi, to fearcb 
 
 tlje places bepono tbefemountaines,anD to fu*iouetbe nations tbereabout,Kurbski teas pet aliue 
 atmp beingin Mofcouia,^ oeclateoontomeujat be fpentrbii.Daiesinafcentiingtbemountaine, 
 $pct coulo not come to tlje top tljcrof, tobicb in tbeirtongue is calico Stolp,tljat is,a pillcr, %W 
 ntotmtaine is crtcnoen into tbe £)ceanDnto tlje moutbes of tbetiuers of D wina ana Petzora. 
 
 S^ountamts. 
 
 ■sartie great Can 
 Of Cat hay. 
 
 Mnriaistbcffa. 
 Lucomoria, 
 
 Tumen, 
 
 Pttiora, 
 Papin. 
 
 ijigrj mouii;: 
 
 (Attics, flippO< 
 
 leBioBcflpa 
 pcrboiti,anD 
 
 . 
 

 ■ | 
 
 Cathay. 
 
 f'l 1 
 
 flTlif fruitful! 
 piomuceof 
 
 Heznn. 
 Ijiollaue. 
 
 
 Ijcnn. 
 
 La regione dcll« 
 Cine. 
 
 Confini Jelli 
 vttimi Tartan. 
 Akunc Ture 
 Incognite. 
 Conhni Sctten- 
 iiiocuiddla 
 RoflU. 
 
 •3T!it«Ionm«p 
 
 OtChina. 
 
 STrjeceBltoof 
 ttiebtte rmoft 
 
 Tartar*. 
 
 4ttrtaiitt lm» 
 htioli)iie€oiiit« 
 
 treys. 
 
 ■Slic i^oit!:rril 
 
 KMrtsolKuOM. 
 
 "Sfie Jiiojtl). 
 Sucli, 
 
 £0«neroft[)e 
 
 yojfe. 
 
 mat6. 
 
 qrt>cii.3lrea' 
 
 ftllfC. 
 
 Controller. 
 <S|)()tnbftlii:ti(. 
 
 ^Tflfttra. 
 yarlKligtrs, 
 
 (0(tuIrinrnor 
 rticrlMmbtr, 
 
 ^6t 0«s„ 
 
 
 7 he^ortheaUpajfage. Trafriques,6cDiicoueries. 4.5)5 
 
 15ut nolo l;aumg fpoken tljus mud) cftlje fato tourncp,3! toil', rmmic to tlje Dcmimons of Mof= 
 couiajloaitljotbei-- regions ipmgCafttoaro $ §>outljftom<lje fame, totoaro tlje nittri.tp <*2tnptrc 
 of Cathay, 35ut 31 tetll ficil fyeake fometobnt bjicflpoftljcpjoumceof Rezan , ano tlje famous: 
 
 riuer. Of I"anais. 
 
 Cbep?ouinceofRezan , Ornate bettoeene tlje titters of OccaannTanais ,ljatbacitie luuiceo 
 ef toooo, not from tlje banke of Occa : there toass in it a Cattle nameb Iaroflaue, teljereof there 
 noto remained) notljtngbuc tokens of tlje oto ruinc.PJtfarre from that citie,tlje riuer Occa ma- 
 fcetlj an Jilano nameo Strub, bMjicbtoasfometimeagreatDukeoc«ie,tobcfcp}mcetoasfubifCt 
 to none other. %W pjouince of Rezan is moje fruitful then anp other of the pjouinccsof Mof- 
 couia : ainfomuclj tljat in tljis (as tbcp fap) euerp grainc of torjeat bjtngetb fojtlj ttoo, ana fome= 
 turns mo?e cares: tobofettalkeso^firatoes grotofotijickecbacbo?Ieseanfcarfeip go rbjottgb 
 tljem, o? intaples flie 3ut of them. Cbere is great plenty of bonp,fiirjes,foisle;3, bitbes, ano toriioc 
 beads* Che fruits alfo ooe fane ercceoe tbe fruits of Mofcoma. ^bc people are boloe ano mat' 
 like men, 
 
 o 
 A fpcciall note gathered by the excellent Venetian Cofmogra- 
 pher WiJokn Baptist Ramufms out of the Arabian Geographic oi Abilfada. 
 Ifmael, concerning the trending of the Ocean fea from China, Northward, 
 along the coaft oiTartarte and other vnkuo wen lands, and then tunning Weft wards 
 vponthcNorthernccoafts of "Ruflia, and lo farther to the Notthwcft. 
 
 DEfcriuendopoi ilpredetto Abilfada Ifmael i luogbi della terra babitabile, che circuendo il mar 
 Oceano tocca, dice coji. 
 Rtuoltafi VOceano da leucmte verfo la regione delle Cine , & va alia volta di Tramontana, et 
 fajptta finalmente la delta regtone,fenegiungcaGogi& Magogt, cio e allt confini de ghVhimi 
 Tartaric et di cjuivi ad zAlcune Terre che fono Incognita Et correndofemf refer Ponente,paJJafo- 
 fra It cor, fun Settmtrionali deila Rojfia, et va alia volta di Mae fro. 
 
 The fame i n Englifh . 
 
 Tj^e afo?efaiij Abilfada Ifmael tjefcribing aftertoaro tbe habitable places of tbe earth, tobicfj 
 tlje JDcean fta tn Ijis circuit toucljetlj, faptlj in this manner follotoing, 
 •SClje Ccean fea turnetlj from the €att totoaro tlje Conntrep of the Chinaes , r am> flretcfjctlj 
 totoaro tlje j|2ojtb,anD at length hatringpaffet) tlje fapo Countrep,it reacbetlj bnto the Gogi ano 
 Magogi,tbac is, to tlje confines of The vttermofl Tartars, anb from thence, bnto certaine vn- 
 knowen Coun treys: ano running Gill SOefltoaro it patfctljbpon tbe JBujtijerne coafis of Ruflia, 
 and from tbenceit runneth totoaro tlje Jf5o?tbtoeu\ (boljiclj it cotlj inoceoe bpen tlje coatl of Lap- 
 pia t ) I5p this mott notable tettimonp it appearetlj,tbat tlje 2Dcean fea compalfetb ano enuivoncth 
 all tlje «£a(Uf2o?tbeatt, anb ji^ojtlj parts of Afia ano Europe, 
 
 The Emperors priuate or houfliold Officers. 
 
 Tl)t cbiefe fflfficers of the €mpcrojs Ijouffjolo are t'ocfe tohich folloto. ^Ijefirfl is the office 
 of tlje Boiaren Conefheua , oj matter of tlje ^oife, anhich conttinctlj no mojc cljeu is et - 
 pjeffeo bp tbe name, that is, tobe ouerfeer of tlje ij?o?fe, ana not Magifter equitum^) tyte&zt of 
 the Upoffemcnjf oj Ije appotntetlj otljer fo j that feruice, as occafion ootb require , a? befojc uuas 
 fap o, |)e that bearetb that office at tljis time, is 1 Boris Pheodorowich Godonoe , brother to the 
 €mp?etTe,©f $)atfz fo? ferutce in his toarres (befioes otljer fo? bis ojbinarp bfes)lje batij to tlje 
 numbcrof ten tboufano tobicb are kept about Mofco. 
 
 ^Eljc ncrt is the iLo?D §>tetoara of Ijis 1 boufljolO at tljiS ttme,Ctte Gregory Vafilowich Godo- 
 noe. ©jetbtro is his ^reafurerjtljatkecpetrj all big moneis,ietoels, plate, ^cnotocalkb Ste- 
 phan Valilowich Godonoe. ©be fourth hfe Controller,tlOto Andreas Petrowich Cleiinine. 
 %lt fife hisCljimberlaine, ipe that attenoeth that office at tljis time, is calico Eftoma Bifabro- 
 za Paftelnikhay, Clje Get Ijis Cadets , noto Theodor Alexandrowich , ano Iuan Vafilowich 
 Godonoe. Che feueutlj bis Iparbeugcrs.toljicb are tlj?eejl5ablemen,anDbiuet6 other 03entle^ 
 men tljat oo tlje office bnoer tljem, Chefc are fjis o joinarp officers, ano offices of tlje cbicfefi ac* 
 count. , j* . 
 
 ffifcSentlemen.beGoc tljem that toaiteaboutijfs chamber, ano perfon(cafleb ShilfeyStrap- 
 fcy) there are txoa buno?eo, all ji5oblemens fonness, i)is ojoinarp (Saroe is ttoo tboufr.no Spag* 
 butters rcaotetottb tijeir pieces chwgeo ,an3 tbeir matctj lighK0,toit!j otljer neeeffartefurmturs 
 
 ®t i ' wminuaHp 
 
 ! 
 

 (Sroomrs. 
 
 •Joittlitmioii 
 oftimi'bobicg. 
 
 ^rijcft titer. 
 
 4.0 6 The Englifh Voyages, The manefs of the Ruffes. 
 
 conttnuaitp Dap ana ntgbt : Wljictj come not WiUjm the tjoute 3 but Waite Without in tlje court 0$ 
 pato, where tbe Cmperour is abiorag. 31n the night time there loogctb nert to bis bencbam* 
 bee the cljtefc Cbamberlaine , With one 0? two moje of bell truft about Ijim. a fecona chamber 
 oft; tljere loDge Sjceotber of like account fo? tljeir truft anafaithfulntfle, 3|ntbetbiraecbarcu 
 bet lie certame poung (Sentlemen, of tfjefe two bmwueo, calleo Sbilfey Strapfey, that take tljett 
 writes bp fojtiess euerp nigbt, "SDberc are cSroomes befioes t(jat Watcij in their courfe, ano lie at 
 euerp gate aim Doojeof the Court, calico Eftopnick. 
 
 %l)t Abutters j (Sunners, bo^creof there are two tljoufanD ( as teas fate before ) Watch 
 about tbe Cmperoucs loaging , 0} beo chamber bp courfe 2 5o,ctterp nigljt, ano 2 5 o,mo?e in the 
 Court paroe, ana about tbe Creafure boufe, fipis Court ojboufe 'at the Mofco ismaoeCa« 
 ftlewifcWaUeo about, with great fto?e of faire oininance planceo bpon the Wall, anbeontep' 
 netb a great bjeaatb of grouna Within it , With manp Dwelling Ijoufes: SUjjicb are appostueo 
 fo 1 (itch as are knoWen to be fare, ano truftic to tbe Cmperoj, 
 
 Ofithe priuate behauiour , or qualitic of the Ruflfe people. 
 
 Tip C pjiuate behauiour ano qualitie of the Ruffe people, map partlp be bnoerffooo bp that 
 Wbicljbafb beene fapo concerning tbe publt'que Gate ano lftage of tbe Countrep. 9s tott* 
 cljing tbe natural! babite of their booies, tljep are fo? tlje moll part of a large fi?e , ano of berp 
 flefijlp booies: accounting it a grace to be fomewbat grotfe ano burlep, ano therefore tljep nouriu) 
 ano fp?eao tbeir bearaa, to baue tbem long ana bjoao. Uutfoj tljemoft part ujep are berp bn« 
 Wiclop ano bnactiue Witbail. 223bicb map be thought to come partlp of tlje cltmate,ano tbe numb* 
 neu"e Which tljep getbp tlje colo in Winter, ano partlp of tljeir Diet tbat fianoetbmoft of rootes, 
 onions, garlifce, cabbage, ano fuclj like things tbat bjeeoc grotfe tjumojs, Wljiclj the? bfetoeace 
 alone, ano with tljcirotljer meates. 
 
 -Cljeir bt'et is rather mucb tbcncurfouS. 3t tbeir meales tbepbegmne commonlp With * 
 Charkeoj fmallcuppeof Aqua vita?,(wbicbtbcp call Ruffe bitne) amb tljen«6jfnltetiot ttllto* 
 waroes tlje cna of their meales, taking it tn largelp, ano all together, with kiflmg one another 
 at euerp pleoge, 3no therefore after binner tbere is no talking with tljem, but euerp man goetfr 
 to bis bench to take bis afteruoones fleepe, which is as ojofaarp Witt) tljem as tljeir nt'gbts reft* 
 Z aifjcn tljcp ercecoe,anD Ijaue bartetie of aiujes, tlje firft are tljeir bakeo meatet(fo? rofle meatess 
 tbcpbfelitle) ana tljen tbetr b?oatbes 0? pottage. ^Lbeit common a?infee is 9peaa,tbe poojec 
 fojt bfe U)ater,ano a tbtra ojtnfee calleo Quaffe, Mjicb is notljing elfe (as toefap) but toater tur* 
 neaout of bistoits,bJttbalicle b?annemeaujebb)itbit. 
 
 'SljtSDicttooulDbjeeQetn tljem manp oileafes, but tbat tbep bfebatbftoues,o? botebotife* 
 infieaaeof alipbificke, commonlp timfeojtbjife euerp tneehe, 911 tbe mincer time, ana almoft 
 t!jc bjljole Sommer, tbep beat tbeir^cacljes.tuljtcb are maoe lilte tbe(Sermanebatbaoues,antt 
 tljeir 'poclaos lifec ottcns,tljat fo toarmeuje boufe tbat a Granger at tlje firfl fljall barblp lifteof it. 
 "Stljefe tbjo ettremittes, fpeciallp in tlje tunuer of beat toitljin tljeir boufes, ano of ettreame coloe 
 bu'tljout, together ujitbtbeir oiet, mafee tbem of a Darke, ano falloto completion, tbeir ftinnes 
 being tanneo ano parcbeo botlj toitb cola ano tottb bfate: fpeciallp tbe tuomen , tljat fo ? tbe grea* 
 tcr part are of farre toojfe complerions, tljen tbemein ffiHljereof tbe catife 3! take to be tbeir kee* 
 ping tottbin tbe bote boufes , ano bufping tbtmfelues about tbe beating , ano bfing of tbeir batlj* 
 ftottes,anopeacbes. 
 
 %\)t Ruffe becaufe tbat be is bfeo to botlj tljefe extremities of beat ano of colo, can beare tbem 
 both agreat oeale moje patientlp, then ftrangers can Doe, J»ou wall fee tljem fometfmes (to fea- 
 fon tljeir booies) come out of tljeir batijftoues all on a f rotlj,anO fuming as boat almoft as a pigge 
 at a fpit, ano pjefentip to leape into the riuer ftarke nakeo , } to potoje colo toatcr all ouer their 
 booies, ano that in tlje coloeft of all the winter time, Cbe toomen to menae the bao ljue of tljeir 
 fkinnes, bfe to paint their faces with toljite ano reo colours , fo biBblp , tbat euerp man map per* 
 ceiueic. <I2J!jicbts maoe nomatter, becaufe it is common, anolikco luell bp tljcirbufbanDs: 
 toljo make tbeir luiues ana Daughters an ojainarie allowance to bup tbem colours to paint tbeir 
 faces bJicball, ano oeitgbt tfjcmfelues much to fee them of fotole Women to become fuch faite 
 images, %W parcbeth the fbt'nne, ana belpetb to aefojme them When their painting is of. 
 
 ■^Ijcp apparell tbemftlues after the (Sjeeke manner, ^be 53obIemans attire is on tW 
 faCbt'on, jTtrft a Taffia, 0? little-night cappe on his bcao.tbat coueretb litle mo?e then bis croWne, 
 commonlp berie rich Wjougbc of Glke ano golDe tb?eeoe, ano fet with pearle ano pjectcus flone. 
 J^isbeao Ijebeepeth fijauen clofeto tbe berp fkinne, erceptbe be in fome oifpleafure With tlje 
 Cmperour, Chen bee futTereth W P# t0 groWeanoljangooWnebponhiS ujou?oers,coue' 
 
 liGj 
 
 «ti atrntiralile 
 iiiBnriiigof n' 
 trcincticar,ant) 
 raise at one 
 anB tjt fame 
 tune. 
 
 «!ie Jioble 
 
 snansiittirf. 
 
The maners of the %ujfes, Traffiques 7 <5t Difcoueries. 4.9 7 
 
 ring bio face as uglv ano ocfojmeolp as be can , flDuec tijc Taflia ijec uiearetb a imoe cappe of 
 blacke iFoicc ( wljiclj th'ep account foj the be fl ftirre ) luitb a Tiara 0? long bonnet put luttbm it, 
 fianoing Up like a'lperfianoj TUabilontan batte. about bis necke ( tobicb is fecncall bare) is 
 a collet fet toitbpeatle ano precious Hone, about tb?eeojfoure fingers b?oao. jQett oucr bis 
 fljtrt, (tobtcb ins curiouflp lujougbt , becaufe bee flrippetb bimftlfe into it in tbe feommer 
 time, luljile bets lutcljut clje boufe )it a Shcpcn,oj light garment of filke.maBc ooume to tbe 
 knees , buttoneD before : aim tfjen a Caftan o? a clofc coat buttoneo , aim girt to htm luitb a 
 prfiangirole, tohereatlje bangs bis kniues ano fpomie. 3Cbis commonlp is of clotb of goto, 
 ano baugctboolune as Ion) as bis ancles, ©net tbat Ijee toearetrj a lofe garment of fome rich 
 Clke,furieBnn3faceo about toitbfbniegotoelacej called a Ferris, another oucr tbat of chain* 
 let, o? like fluffe calico an Alkabcn.ficeueoano hanging lolae, anD tbe cape commonlp bjoo< 
 tbco , ano fet all liiith pearle , CKHben heegoctlj ab joao, be caftetb ouer all tbefe ( inijtcb are but 
 Height, thougb tbep feeme to be manp) another garment calico an Honoratkcy, like to tlje 
 Alkaben , faue tbat it is maoe loitbout a collet io} tbe nechc, 9no tbis is commonly of fine 
 ilotb, oj Camclshaire. §i& buf kins ( tob'Cb be luearctb in fteaO of bofe , lnitlj linnenfolles Un* 
 oer tbem in fleao of boot Ijofc ) are maoe of a perfian leatbet calleo Saphi an , embjooereo tuitb 
 pearle. l[)ts upper flockes commonlp are of clotb of goloe. ffi3benbegoecbab?oao, bee mouit* 
 tetb on ba?febacke,tljougbst be but to tbe nert 000 je : lubtc'o is tbe maner alfo of tlje Boiarskey, 
 ojtSentlemen. 
 
 Cbe Boiarskey cj ©cntlemans attire is of tlje fame fafbion, but oifferetb in fltiffe: ano pet foe w ««««" 
 toillbaueljisCatcanojbnoetcoatfometimesofcIotbofgoloe.tbereflofclotbjO^filk?. uuwappatai 
 
 Cbe ji2able toomait ( calleo Chyna Boiarfhena) mearetb on ber beao , fira a cattU of fome m* #obie 
 foft Bike ( lobtcfo is commonlp reDoe ) ano ouer it a fruntlet calleo Obrofa , of toljite colour* u t ™' 10 "■" 
 ©iter thatfocr cappe(maoe after tlje «*aifc falljton sf clotfj of golo)calleo ShapkaZcmpska,eogeo 
 luitb fome riclj f urre , ano fee tout', pearle ano done. 'E.bougb tbep b«ue of late beguune to oif* 
 oaineemb?ooeringtoitb pearle »ooue tbeir cappes s becaufe tbe Diacks, ano fome 9^arcbantss 
 toiucs batte takenupthefatbion. 3n their eares tbep toeare earnings (lubicbtljepcallSargee) 
 of tteo incbes 02 nioie compalTe , tbe matter of goto fet luitb Rubies , 0; Sapbtrcs , 0; fonte 
 like p jecious Cone, 3!n &ommer thep got often toitb kcrcbieffes of fine lubite latone, 0? cam 1 
 iiuche , faQneo bnoer tbe cljinne , toitb tmo long taffeis penocut. %\)t kercbiefe fpctteo ana 
 fet tbicke toitb ric(j pearle. JUljen tbep rtoe j goc abjoao in rapnie toeatber , tbep toeare wbite 
 hattes toitlj coioureo banocs, calleo ScapaZemskoy. about tbetmeckes tbep toeare coders 
 of tbjee ei foure fingers b^oao, fet luitb etc!) pearle ano precious flone, QLfyit bpper garment 
 is aioofc gotone calico Opolhen commonlp of fcarlctjtoitb toiocloofefieeues , banging ootome 
 to tbe gtounobuttcneo before luitb gteat goloe buttons, j at leafl Bluer ano guilt ntgtj as bfgge 
 an .liualmtt, eElIjicij Jjaeb tj.inrjtititj ouer it fadneo bnoer tbe cappe, a large bjoao cape uf fome 
 riebfurre, tbatbangctbBoiunealmofltotbe miooes of tbeir backes. ^2ert bnoer tbe Opof- 
 ken oj Upper garment , tbep toeare anotfoer calleo a Leitnick tbat is maoe clofe before luitb 
 great luioe fieeues , tbe cuffe oj ^aTfe fleeue up to tlje elbotaes, commonlp of clotb of goloe : anD 
 bnoer tbat a Ferris Ztmskoy , uMjiclj bangetb Ioofe buttoneo tb?ougbout to tbe berp toote. SDii 
 tbebanoetojells tljepmeareberpfaire bjafelets, about ttoo fingers bjoaoof pearle ano pje* 
 tiousftone. Cbepgoeall in buf kins of tubite ,pellote),bleln , 0} fome otber coioureo leatber, 
 embf ooereo luitb pearle, 'SDbis is tbe attire of tlje jaobleluoman of Ruflia, luben (be maketb tbe 
 befl lijeuje of ber felfe ♦ ^z (Sentleluomans apparell map otffer in tbe CutTe , but is all one foj 
 tbe making ojfatbion. 
 
 3s foj tbe pooje Moufick ano foistoifetbepgoepoo^elpclaooe, 'SibemantoitbbisHono- ■CbtMouficfej 
 ntkey, 01 loofe gotune to tbe fmall of tbe legge , tpeo togetljer luitb a lace before , of courfe SanS^un. 
 tubite 0? bleu) clotb, luitb fome Shubeojlong luaflcoate of furre, oj of (rjcepefkinne bitoer it, 
 ano bis futreo cappe, ano bufkins. tJDbe pooler fojt of tbem baue tbeir Honoratkey, 0} upper 
 garment, maoe of iSomcsijaire, %W is tbeir tointerhabtte. antbefommer time, commonlp 
 tbep lueare natbing but tbeir tfnrcs on titer r backes, ano bufkins on tljetr legges, Zivc luoman 
 goetbinareDojbIcingoiune,iDbenujemaketb tljebefl Cjetoe, ano luitb fome tnarme Shubeof 
 furre bnoer it in tye Winter time. T5ut in tbe fommcr , uotljing but ber tiuo (birts (fo? fo tbep 
 tall tbem) oneaucr tbe otljer , lubetber tbep be luitljin ooo jeg, oj luitljout, ffln tljeir beaos, tbep 
 toeare caps of tome coioureo Guffe,manp of beluet.oi of clotb of golo : but foj tbemofl part ker« 
 tbiefs.tillitboutearingsof filuer 0? fome otber mcttall, ano Ijee croffeaboutljetnecke, pouOjall 
 fee no Ruffe luoman, \)e[l)& luife, } maibe. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Tc 5 The 
 
 
4.9 8 The Englifh Voyages, Let of L. "Boris ^Pheodor. 
 
 rois RiUilf 
 crertftt). 
 
 a"i.ircliii>u9 
 complaints. 
 
 The Lord 'Boris fbeodorowich his letter to the Right Honorable 
 
 William Burghley Lord high Treafurer of England, &c. 
 
 g) the grace of (Sod the great Iojb «frnpernj, anD great Duke Theodore Iuano- 
 wich,great M,oro,iKing,anBgreat Duke of ail Rullia,of VoJodeme^Mofco^nti 
 Nouogorod, king of Cazan,anD Aflracan, Io?D of Vobsko,an6 great Duke of 
 Smolenfco, Tuer, Vghofi, Permi, Viatsko, Bolgorie,anD Otherplaceg, JLojoe 
 , ; ^ anD great Duke of NouogrodintheLotteCottntrep.ofChernigo.Rezan.Po- 
 locsky, Roftoue, Yercfhue, Bealozera,anD Lit fland,of Oudorski, Obdorski, Condmski, aWJ 
 
 commanoer cf all Sibierland, ano tt>e jQojtrj road?, great Loroe ouer the £ountrrp of Iucrski, 
 Grifwski,€mperor of Kabardinski, ano of the £ountrcp Charchaski,am) the Ccuntrep of 
 Gorsky, ano 3Lo ro of man? other regions!. 
 
 jfrom Boris Pheodoro wich bis spaieflies brotherin lain, matter of hishorfes, gouewour of 
 tlje tcrritojies of Cazan ano Artracan, to William Lo jo Burghley, lojo biglj Sreafurer to t^e 
 mofioertuouslLaDie Elizabeth, ©ueene of England, France, ano Ireland, ano other Domini* 
 ons : 31 receiueo pour JLoroujips letters, toherctn pou torite that pou hane receiueD berp topfull? 
 nip letters fetitunto pou,anD aouifrtlp rcao them, anDimparteD the famebnto tier spateflietanu 
 that pour SjDerchants finoe themfelues agreeueo, that luljen thep approch thefe parts, ana are at< 
 rtueo here, thep are not permitteD to enter into a free antiliucrall cotrrfe of barter, traffike, ano 
 ercbange of their commaoities, as heretofore thep haue Done, but are compeilcD before thep ran 
 enter into anp traffike to accept the €mperourBtoare,anD other gooDs.at high rate? farrc abotie 
 their balue.to their great loffe: ano that thep are bp reafon of this rettraint long iioloen upon thefe 
 coatts to the Danger of Wintering bp the toap, hereafter there (halbe no caufe of offence giuen to 
 tljcigarchantsofthe©ueenes^ateflie©ueeneElizabcth:thep(rjalInotbefojceDtoanpthiKg, 
 neither are there orlball be anp DemanDsmaDeofruttumeor Debts. Sbuch things as haue beene 
 heretofore DemaunDeo, all fitch things bane beene alreaDp bpon their petition ano amplication 
 commaunoeD to be Dtfchargeo. 31 haue follicitejohis Spateflie foj them , that thep be not troubles 
 hereafter for t hofe matters, auD that a fauourable hano be carieD otter them. 9 nt> accoroing to 
 pour requeft 31 toill be a meant to the £mperaur for them in all their occaCons,anD toill mp felfe 
 fljeto them mp fauo?able countenanee^no 31 pjappou (William Burgh!ey)to fignifie to her spa« 
 tellies sperchants tljat 31 promife to haue a care of them, ano for the ClueenesSJMettteof Eng- 
 lands fake, 3J tiiill take he r aperrhants into mp protection , ano null Defeno them as the Cmpe* 
 routs fdecteD people tinoer the Cmperors commiffion j anD bp mine appointment all his S©aie» 
 fiies officers anD authorises people ftjall becarefullouer thenu Che Emperors gracious fatto? 
 cotoatos them toasneuer fuch as it is note, 9nD inhere pou write that at the port the Cmperors 
 Officers fell their luate bp commiffion at a fit rate giuen them, farre aboue the balue, anD that 
 thep enforce pour Sparcbants to accept it, tbep Denp that thep take anp fuch courfe , but fap thep 
 barter their tuare for other toares, ano alfo put their mare to tale for reaot'e monep to pour Sg)er* 
 ehaniS,acco?Ding to the Worth thereof, anD as the price goeth in the cutteme houfe here. 3!t hath 
 beene heretofore Deare, ano noto is folo as gooo cbeape as in anp other pIace,ano as thep canbett 
 agree : thep enforce no man to bup it, but rather kepe it: therefore pour a^arcljants haue no iuS 
 caufe to make anp fuel) report. SHjaueerprefTeip giuen oroer, that there u)aU be no fitch eourfe 
 bfcoto enforce them, but to bup acco^ing to their own etoilles, ano to tame at ttjepojtojtoce- 
 part at their plcafure, 9rtD as touching tlje cuflomes alreaDie patt, anD Debts DemanDcD at pour 
 Merchants hanos, tobereof pou torite : ©nr loro gteat Cmperour anD great Duke Theodore 
 Iuanowich of all Ruma of famousmemorp bath ffjetoeD his flJBaiefties efpecial fauour annloue^ 
 for the great loue of his toelbeloueD fiaer dueene of England, ano bpmp petition ano meDia* 
 tion.tDhmas there toas commanDement giuen totafce Marfhes tohole Debt of pour flpetchants 
 ano factors, it is moocrateo to the halfe , ano for the other halfe, commanDement giuen it fljoula 
 not be taken, ano the Merchants billes to be oeliuereD them, ano to the enn hereafter that her 
 9^aieflies S^archants moue no contention bettuirt our torD the fimpcrorano great Duke of 
 RuiTia, anD his toelbeloueo filler ©uecne Elizabeth^is spaiettie DcBretfa oraet to be giuen,that 
 pour sparcljants ooe Deale iufllp in their traffike, anD plainelp toithout frauo or guile. 9nD 3! 
 toil! be a fauourer of them aboue all others, tonoer his S^aictties autboritie : tljcmfelues (ball 
 Ann.Dom. fee it. Written in our great lorDethe €mperours Citie of Mofco in tlje moneth of 3!«lp» 
 1500. 7opj>, 
 
 The 
 
 Cnglitti S^ar* 
 thniite mgrcat 
 fanoui inittt 
 ajs etnpero). 
 
 gfllfc tfie 6«bt 
 of AotonvMarlh 
 StlllltttD. 
 
The Queenes letters. Traffiques,6c Difcoueries. 49^ 
 
 The Queenes Maiefties letter to Theodore Iuanoukh 
 Emperour of Rujsia, 15511, 
 
 Lizabethbptbe grace Of ©QDiQuceneof England, France, attti Ireland, Be 
 fencer of tfoe faitfj, uc. to tlje rigbt bigb, migljtp, anD rigbt noble pjince 1 hc- 
 odore Iuanouich great lo?o, i&ing,ano great DuheofallRuffia, Volode- 
 
 mer, Mofco, Nouogrod, JKinCfdf Cazan, anB Aftracan, lo?B of Vobsko, 
 attO great DufteofSmolensko,Otuer, Vghory, Permc, Viatski,Bolgory, 
 
 anB otber places : iojo anB great Dufte of Nouogrod in tbe loto cottntrep, 
 
 SJ?ofChernigo,Rezan, Polotsky, Roitoue,Yeraflaue,Bealozero, atiDLif- 
 hnd , of Oudorsky , Obdorsky, Condinsky, snBCOmmanberof allSibierlanda«lJt(jejl5o;t() 
 COallS, great 3Lo?D Otter fljecottlltrep of Iuersky, GriGnsky.Cmperoj of Kabardinsky.anD oftbe 
 cottntrep of Clnrkasky, anDoftbecountrey DfGorsky, anoLojoofmanpotbcrcountrepg, our 
 moftBeare anB lotting b?otber, greeting. Kig^t noble anBercellentpjtnce, toe baue rccciueB 
 pour Spaiefttes letters bjottgbt ouer bp our merchants in tbeit returne of tljeir jj latt bopage from 
 pour po?t of g>, Nicholas ,• tobicb letters toe batte aBtttfeblp reao ami conltocreB, ana tfjerelp per - 
 eeiuetljat pour gpaiellp ootfj greatlp mtfitlte of our late implopmcnt of Ieronie Horfey into pour 
 Bomlnions asour meffenger totth, our flpighneffe letters , anB alfo tljat pour S^aieCp ootlj tljinfee 
 that toe in our letters fettt bp ttjefapD meffcnijer baue not obferuebtljat Dtteojticr 0? refpect 
 tobicbapperteineDtopourpjtncelpmateu^.intbefbmieoftbefamelettcrjaftoeltottcljingtljem' 
 largement of pour Spaiefties llile anB titles of bono? tobicb pour spaicflp erpecteo to baue bene 
 tbereiu mo je parttcularip erp?effeB , as alfo in tlje auoing of our grcatcu* feale 0? fignet of armes 
 to tbe letters tobicb toe fenb to lb great a U3unce as pour Spaiettp is : in anpof tobicb points toe 
 tooulo baue bene berp lotb toillinglp to baue giuen iuff caufe of offence tljerebp to our moll oeare 
 ano louing bjotber, 9nb as toucbing tbe fapB meffengcr Ierome Horfey toe are fo?p tljae contra* 
 rp to our erpectation be is fallen into pour OMetf tea niipleafure , tobom toe minoe not to main* 
 tetne in anp bis actions bp tobicb be batb fo tncurreb pour spaieffieg miflibe : pet tbat toe bao rea* 
 fon at fucb time as toe fent Ijim to pour SJ9aieffp to bfe bis feruice as our meffengcr , toe refcrre 
 our felues to pour pjincelp iuBgement,p?apmg pour g^aieffp to rcnuce into pottr minoc tbe efpe* 
 cial! tommennation, tobicljinpourlettcrstojittenbntobsintbepeere 1 y 8 y , poumaoeofthe 
 fapo Icromc Horfey Ijisbebauiour in pour Dominions : attobicbtimepottr^aiettptoasplcafeB 
 to bfc bis feruice as pour meffenger to b£ , requiring our anftoere of pour letter? to be retttrneB 
 bpbtm anB bp none otber. Cljat implopment, toitb otber occatton3 taken bp pour Spaiettp to 
 ble tbe feruice of tbe fapo Ierome Horfey (as namdptntbepeere 1 587) tohen pour spaieftp fent 
 &im to bs agaiite toitl; pour letters, anB pour lib erall ano p ^incelp ijuuilcbge at our reqtteB gran= 
 ceo to our merchants (fo? tobicb toe baue beerctofoje giuen tbanfes to pour9Dateftp, foaoetoe 
 berebp reiterateonr tbankcfulneffe fojttjc fame) mooueBbstobeofminoe, tbattoccoulonct 
 make cboifeofanpofourfubiectsfofitameffengerto pour Spaieflp as be, toljom pour ijpaieap 
 ^aB at feuerall times bfeB bpon pour otone occaCons into tbis our IKealme, I5«t leafl pour fjigl)- 
 neffe ujoula continue oftbeminoe tbat tbe letters tobicb pou fent bp cur ambaffabo? GiiesFiet- 
 cher (tobereinfome mention toasmaoeof pourconceiueBoifpIeafure againGtbefapo Horfey) 
 came not to our banns , ann tbat toee toere hept ignorant of tbe complaint tobicb pour spatcup 
 fnaoe tber ein agatnft tbe fapB Horfey, toe bo not Benp but tbat toe toere acquainteo aftoell bp our 
 ambaffabour as bp tbofc letters offome cifpleafure conceiuco againflblmbp pour spaicBp : buc 
 pour fapB letters giuing onelp a ftjojt generall mention of fomc mtfoemeanotir committee bp 
 |im, erp^effmg no particulars, toe toere of opinion tbattbisoffmce toasnotfobainous, astljat it 
 migbt btterlp crtinguilb all pour former pjincelp fattour totoaros bim, but tbat bpon bis bumble 
 fubmiffion topour^aieflp, 0} bpon better erammatton oftbematteroftbeDtfplcafure concet» 
 neo agatnft bim , tbe offence migbt baue beene et'tber rcmitteo , c j be tlje reof mtgbt baue clearra 
 bimfelfe, 9no to tbat eno toe toere not onelp bp bis great tmpojtunitp longfoIliciteB, but b]> tbe 
 intercefftonof fome of our j5obi!itp giuing crcbtt to bis otone Defence , toe toere intreateo on bis 
 bebalfe to bfe bis feruice once againeintoRuffia as our meffenger to pour Spaicffp, tobcrebpbe 
 migbtljaue oppojtunitpto cleare bimfelfe, arte ettfjer bp bis anftoere ojbp 'bis fubmiffion reco* 
 uerpourspaieffiesfajmerfauour : toberettnto our pjincelp nature toasmooueo to pcclo, toiflj^ 
 ing tlje gooo of our fubt'ect fo farre foojtb as W befert migbt carrp bim , o? bisinnotencie cleare 
 
 fcim. 
 
 Cfjus noble p?ince, our moll lotting ano Beareft b jotber, it map appeare bnto pour S^afcttp 
 toe toere mbuceo tobfe tlje feruice of tlje fapomeffenger, aftoell foj'ttyerecouerp of pour 
 
 ^auftics 
 
 1590 
 
 1585 
 
 
500 TheEnglifti Voyages, The (KLet.to the Snip. 
 
 ^ateftiesfauo? totoaics ijim (if be baD bene founD tooo?tbp of it) as fo? experience of the maners 
 ano faibtons of pour countrep,tobcre be batb bene mucb conuerfant, 25ut fit(j up pour gpaietties 
 letters! it appeared tbat be batb not cleareo bimfelfe in pout S@aie8ies figbt , toe meane not to 
 i)fe him in mv fucb p?ice hereafter, 
 
 Sluo as toucljtnof pour S^ateflies conceit of tbe b?euitie tobicb tot bf*D in t|>e fetting cotone of 
 pout SpaicCies fiile ano titles of honour : as notbing is furtljcr from to;, tben to abjioge fo great 
 ano migbtpalPfinceoftbe honour Due bnto bim (tobom toe boloc fo?bis grcatneffeto Defcrue 
 mo?c honour then toe are able to giueljim) fo (hall toe neeo no further no? furer argument to 
 clearebsof tbefufpicionof tbe Detracting from pour SjNeftp anp part of pour iu8 anopjincelp 
 bono? ano greatneue 3 tben tbe confitieration of ourotone fftle,tobiclj is tl;us contracteD,videlicer, 
 Elizabeth up tbe grace of ©05 Sluecne of Eng!and,Ftancc,anD ireland.oefenuer of tbe faitb ?c. 
 tobicb kingoomes ano Dominions of ours are erpjeffcD bp tljefe generalltoojos, videlicet, Eng- 
 land, France, ano Ireland : in euerpof tobtdj there arc feueralIp?incipaIitics,DukeDomes, carle* 
 Domes, p?ouinces ami countreps : tobicb being fcuerallp erp?eu"eD tooulo enlarge mucb out tlile, 
 ano make it of great length ; tobicb bp our p?ogeititouts batb not bene bfeD : nottoitbttanDing.toe 
 tbinbeicnoDilbonourtobs, compenoiouHp to ab?ioge tbe fame mail outton'ttngsanD letter* 
 tojiceen to tobat p?ince, King, o? potentate foeuer, Klbetcupon toe tnferre.tljat bolDing pour 
 S^aiefties generall Cile , toe offer pour {pigfenefle no Diujonour in not crpjeffing all tbe partita* 
 lac p?ouinces : albeit toe can toillinglp content our feife.bpon tbe knotoleoge of pour bfages ana 
 cuftomes, to obferue tbat courfe, tobicb pour felfe (ball tljtnke mofi honourable, 2nD fo } tbe fca* 
 ling bp of our letters tobicb toe tome to ail our allies, kinfemen, ano frienDS, Kings ano p jut* 
 ces, toe bane in bfettoo fcuerall fealesj botb tobicb toe ettecme alike honourable, being out 
 p?mcclp feales. 9nDastbebolumeofourlettrrsfalktbouttobegreato?fmall, foacco?Dinglp 
 ts our greater o? letter feale anneteo to tbe fa po letters - toitbout etteemmg either of tbcm mo?e 
 ci? leffe bonoutable tben tbe other, «©o as, out mottlouing ano acar effi b?ot be r,iu tbe faio letters 
 tbere to as notbing Done of purpof e to Detract from pour abated? anp t bing of tbe bfuall regaru, 
 tobicb our l&igbneffetoas tocont to pcclo br.to pour moff noble fatber of famous mcmo?pluao 
 E aiiliuic h Cmpcro? of al Rufli a,o ? to pour felfe,our ccarel b?otbcr, jToj tbe refiDue of tbe points 
 ofpourS^aiemes letters concerning tbeentertainementof ourambaffaDour, anopjoccrDingin 
 tlje caufe of Anionic Matin toe Uoloe out felfcfatiffieb toitbpour p?incelp anftocre, anDDoe 
 tbcrcin note an bonourable anDp?incelpcarein pour Jpaicllie to pjcuenttbelifeetroubles, con* 
 tro ucrftes ano futes , tbat Mat flies caufe fiirreo bp bcttoeene out mercbants ana pout fubiccts, 
 tobicb is , tbat pout ^aieffte Doetb purpofe from time to time to purge pour Count rep of fuel) 
 flraglers of our fubtccts, as Doe o? (ball bereafter abioe tbere, ana are not of tbe Companp of out 
 mercbants, but contemptuoudp Depart outofourlanotoitbout cut ^igbneffc licence i of tobicb 
 fo?t tbere are p?efenteo tint? bs from out mercbants tbe names of tbcfe fruerall ptrfons , vide- 
 licet, Richard Cocks, Bennetlackman, RainoldKitchin, Simon Rogets, Michael Lane, 
 Thomas Worfcnham : tobom it map pleafe pour Spaicflp bp pour pjincelp o?oer toDifmifle out 
 of pour lanD,tbat tbep map be fent borne in tbe nert Ojippes, to auoto tbe miflike tobicb tbeir refi* 
 oence in tbofe parts migbtbjeeD to tbe ottturbance of our b?otf;erlp league, ano tbe impeaching of 
 tbeencercourfe. 
 
 3na tobevcas , mofi lotting ano beared b?otber , one William Turnebull a fubiect of ours is 
 
 latelp DcccafeD in pour kingbome, one toitb tobom our mercbants baue bao mucb controuerue fo j 
 
 great fummes of moncp Duebnto tbem bp Ijim tobile be tons tbeir Sgent in tljeit affapjes cf met* 
 
 cbanoifes 5 toljicb Differences bp arbitrable o?oer toere rcDuceo to tbe fumme of 3 000 rubbles, 
 
 ano fo mucb Iboulo bauebeene papeo bp btm as map appeare bp pour SpateOits counccll } magi* 
 
 Urates of iufiice bpberp crebible information anbteftimonp : ano toljereas alfo tbe Capo Turnbull 
 
 toas furtber inoebteD bp billes of bis oton banD to Diucrs of our fubiects, amounting m tbe toljolc, 
 
 to tbe fumme of 1 3 26 pounos, tobicb billes are cremplifieo bnber our grcatfeale of England,an» 
 
 to be fent ouertoitlj tbis bearer : of tobicb fummes be batb often p?omifeopapment5 it map pleafe 
 
 pour mod ercellent £©aieffte in pour app?ooueD loue to iuflice , to giue o?oer to pour fauourable 
 
 counccll ano magifttares,tbat tljofe feuerall Debts map be fatiffieo to our mercbants ano fubiects 
 
 out of tbegooDs,mercljanDife,anD Debts toljicb are Due to tbe Hate of rfjefapo Turnbull : tobeteof 
 
 pour S© aicflics councell ujalbe info?meo bp tbe 3gent of our mercbants, 
 
 <DLHc trutt toe fijall not neeD to make anp neto requett b? motion to pour Spate Cp tbat fome oj* 
 
 «b« emptm bf t «"tgbt be taken fo? tbe GnDing out of tbe reft of our mercbants gooDS feifeo to pour maiefiics 
 
 ir ifpu out tmr* uf- e i n t (j e jjanosanD poffeffiott of lohn Chappel tbeir feruant,betng a tbing grantcD.anb no oouW 
 
 tiauts gooDs. al!;£ , a5 p^ erfo?nieD j, p pour gpaietties o?oer. CiHe tberfo?e intreat pour S9aieap,tbst as conueni* 
 
 entlp as map be,fatiffattion 0} tec ompenfe be giuen to our fain mercbants totoarcs tbe repairincs 
 
 cf 
 
IheQ^LetJotheSmp. Traff}ques ? &Difcoueries. 501 
 
 oft^ctf Chud?p great toffes , aftoell tljercm as othcraiife bp them oflate Cuno?p mapes ftiflatneD. 
 Sno laulp , our mod Dcare ano louing brother , as noticing in all thefc our occaGons is to be p?e- 
 ferreo beft?e our entire league ano amitie ,ncfccnDing bpon us as an inheritance , in fucceffion 
 from both, cur anccttours ano noble p?ogenitours : ft let bs be carefull an both Goes bp all goon 
 meanes to home aim continue the fame to ottr pofterit? ft? c iter, 9m> if anp irtiffafctapf rrrour 
 of either Gdc do rife, in not accoplifljmg of circumttanccs agreeable to the fafljion of either of our 
 cotmtrcps anokingoomes, let the fame bpon ottr enterchangeable letters be reconciled, that our 
 league ano amitie be no map impcacbeDfo? anp particular occaGontohatfoeuer. 9nD thus toe 
 recommeno pour^aicflptothctuitifmofthemotf^igb, fromour ropall^alaceofWhitc- 
 haIlthei40f31anuarp J annoDomioii55»i. I5PI 
 
 The Queenes Maiefties letters to the Lord Sow 
 
 Theodorowicb. 
 
 Lizabethbpthe grace Of (SOD 9EUteene ofEngland, France, ami Ireland, 
 
 cefenDour of the faith, $c, to the right honourable ano noble p?inceIo?n 
 Boris Pheodorowich Godonoua , Smaller of the ho?fes to the great ann 
 rmghtteCmpereur of Ruflia, his pghneffelteutenant of Cazan aim Aftra- 
 can , our mottDeare aim louing coufin , greeting. Eight honourable , it 
 hathappcareDtmto bs bpon the reabing ano pcruOngof the tetters lately 
 fent bntoour Cpighnefle from our Deare ano louing b?other the Cmperour, 
 in tobat part his StMeffie tooke the late implopment of our meffenger Ierome Horfcy in our af* 
 faires into Ruflia : tuhereintoe Doe alfofinne the honourable enDeuour bfen bppottr tojofbip to 
 appeafehisCpighneffemifiike anD erception taken aftoell to the pcrftnof our£peu"enger,asto 
 our p?incelp letters fent bp him i botfj of tohf ch points toe haue anfmereo in our letters fent bp 
 this bearer Dircctco to our fapo loumgtyotljcr tlje Cmperour : bpon peruGng tohereof toe ooubc 
 not but his £!9aievc!e mill be toell fatiffieD touching our fapo SgJelienger ano former letters, SfflJ 
 ft? tlje honourable courfe holoerc bp pour Jtomfhip in the interpoGng of pour opinion anD fauou* 
 table conflruction in a thing tohtch might groto to the offence of the league anD amitie Canning 
 bettoeene pour <§>oueraigne torn ano bs (toljerein pour Lojsfhip pcrfo?men the offt'eeof an ho* 
 nourable aim gratte Counfellour) toe take our felfe beholDing to pour Lo?nftjtp ft? pour ream* 
 netfeinthatbeljalfe, anD Doe allure our fclfethat the fame Din p?oceenof tljeefpeciallloueann 
 fetnne affection tljat pout Lo?Dujip hath cuer bo?ne ann contiimen totoaros bs , toljereof ouc 
 p?incelp nature toillncuer be bnmitmfull* JKLte haue bene alfo from time to time mace acquaint 
 tea bp our chicfe ann p?tncipall Counfellour William lorn ^urghlep, Jto?D Ijigh ^rcafurour of 
 our^ighnclfeEcalmeof England , of pour letters tohichhaue paffeD bettoeene pour JLomfbip 
 ano him, concerning the enterceurfe of our Merchants traffickcin pour Countreps, ann ofthe 
 honourable offices Done bp pour JLomfbip toitlj theCmperottrinfauour of our fapDSparcbants. 
 3nn lafflp (tohicb tocetafeeamodafTuren argument of pour bnnoubten loue anD affection to* 
 teams bs) that pour Lo?bfhip()athbouchfafen, ano of purpofe taken into pour hanos the p?otec« 
 tion of our fapo Merchants, anD the heating aim Determining of all their caufes ano occaGous 
 toljatfoeucr, tohicb (hall conceme themo? their traoe, 911 mhichtoce concciue to beoonefo? 
 our fake, ana therefore do acfenotolenge our felues to be , ano Hill toill continue beholDing bnta 
 pou ft? the fame* 
 
 9nn tohereas toe Tjattc matje mention in ourfapD letters tojitten to our louing brother the 
 Cmperour of certeinc Debts Due afmell to our merchants, as to other of our fubiects b^ one Wil- 
 liam TumebuU a fubiect of ours late Deceafen in Ruflia , mee pjap pou to be referren to the fapn 
 letter.,9nD ft?afmuch as thefapneaufe toill fall bnner pout Lomfljips iuriftiction bpreafon 
 ofpottr'acccptation of all their caufes into pour patronage atiDp?otection j toe are ft toell aflu* 
 reoof pxiur honourable inclination toiuGice, anD pour goon affection totoaros our merchants 
 ft? our fake, that toe ftjall not ncen to tntrrat pour honourable furtherance either of iufticeo? 
 erpebition in thefapocaufe, 9nD lafllp conGDering that pour noble linage together toith pour 
 great toifeDome ano Defert hath maoepou a pnncipall Counfellour anD oirectour of the date 
 of ft great a sr3onarchtc,tohcrebp pour anuice anD Direction is follotoen in all things that Doe con* 
 eerne the fame , toe haue giuen o?ner to our fapo p?incipall Counfellour William JLo?o TBurgh* 
 lep, trcafurour of our Ecalme of England, that as anpoccaGon mall arifeto thebinBeranccof 
 the entercourfe bettoeene tljefe Countrepes, 0? of the p?iuileDgcsgcaunteDbpbteSpaicflieto 
 ourmerchants , that he map b^ aouertifement treat toith pour JlojDlhippe thereupon : tohicl> 
 toe bp reaftn of ouc great pjincelp affapjes can not ft conuenie mlp at all times doc toith fuch 
 
 erpcDitwrt 
 
II 
 
 502r The Englifb Voyages, T he L.Tre a fur ers letters, 
 
 erpeaition astbecaufcmap requite, SnottjusMcbourprmcelpcommenaattonstoebiaacpott 
 farctoeil, f rom our ropall Wallace of Whitehall the fourteenth Dap of 3!anuariee, Anao 
 
 Domini i 50 1. 
 
 To the right honourable my very good Lord, the Lord !Boris 
 pheodorowicb, Matter of the horfes to the great and mighty Empcrour of 
 
 Ruffia, his Higbnefle Lieutenant o{Caz,a» and Ajlracan, Willtam CecillLotd Burgh- 
 iey , Knight of the noble Order of the Garter, and Lordhigh. Treafurerof England, 
 fendeth greeting. 
 
 1 Sight honourable mpberp gooallojo, upantljelaCreturrtPofoutoiercfiants 
 
 fbippesout of Ruflia, there toas brought bnto mp banoes, bp one Francis 
 
 Cherrie an Cngliuj merchant, a letter circctca to tbeHueenes Spaieffie, 
 
 from the great anamigbtie Cmperourof Ruflia, ana another letter from 
 
 pour Lo?o(rjtp otrectetj tome t tobichfapo letter to jitten from the €mpero? 
 
 to her Sfat'effp bathbeene conftoeracclp ano aouifeDlpbpheripiajbncflereao 
 
 anaperufea , ana tlje matter of complaint agatnft Ierome Hotfey therein corny jifeatbojotoip 
 
 erammeo : tobtcb hath curnea the fame Horfey to fome great oifpleafure, 31 bio alfoacquainc 
 
 our £@aicflp toitb the contents of pour io?a!bips letters tojitten to mee, ano enftmneaberof 
 
 pour LejoChtps honourable fauour fljetoca toherCpigbneffe merchants from time to time : toba 
 
 tooke the fame in mod gracious pact, ano confeffca her f ctfc tnftnitip beholaing imto pour Lo?o* 
 
 fljip fo? manp honourable offices Done fojberfake, tbetobicb the meant to achnctoleagebp bee 
 
 letters to be toutten to pour Lojafljip bnaer Ijer pjincelp hana ano fcale, 8na fo?afmuch as it 
 
 hath pleafen pour goon lojafbippe to take into pour hanaes tlje protection of her Sgteteffics met* 
 
 chants, ana the reDjeffe of fucb iniuries asare , 0? tballbe offereabnto chemcomrarp to the mea* 
 
 rang of tbepjuuleages ana the free liberty of the entercourfe, toherein in fome points pouc 
 
 i,o?affjip tjatlj alreaapbfea a reformation, as appearethbppoutfapa letters : pet the continue 
 
 anceoftraffique moouingneto occafionsana otljer accioents tenaing to tfaeloffeof the fapa met* 
 
 chants , toljereof fome particulars Ijaue been? offered bnto trie to treat toitl) pcur lopfijip bp* 
 
 on : 3! thought it gooa torefetretljemto pour honourable coniiaeration, that ojaet might be 
 
 taken in the fame , fo? tljat tljcp are «pparantlp repugnantto tbe (ffimpetours letters tojitten 
 
 tohergpaieffie, ana Doe muclj reflcatne t^c libettp of tbetraae : eneis.tljatattlje Iaflccmming 
 
 ancto ofour merchants to thepojc of §>aint Michael the archangel, toberetbemartisbolaen, tbeie 
 
 gooastocre taken bp the €mperours officers fo?bis l&igbncffefcruice at fucb rates, asthefspo 
 
 office rstoeremfpofea to fttbpontbem, fo farre bnaer their aalue, that the merchants coula 
 
 not affent to accept of thofe prices : tobtcb beingaciuea , the fapa officers reBvainea thr m of all 
 
 further traffiqttefo? the fpaceoftbjeetoeekes, bptohicbmeaneS tbeptoerecompelleotopcefa 
 
 toito their aematmahoto tontoillinglpfoeuer. anotberis, that our fapa merchants are anuen 
 
 wBfroun&Mc to pap tbe emperours officers cuttome fo? all fuel; Kttffe moncp as tljep bjtng aotone from tbe 
 
 *&*"• Mofco to the !§>ea Qee to emplop there at the apart toitljin the empcrours otone lana ; tobicb. 
 
 fecmcth firangebntome, conGacring the fame monep is brought from one place of tbeCoun* 
 
 trepto another , ana there implopea toitboutanptranfpojt ouerof tbe fapa monep, Cbefetir- 
 
 tcrruptions ana impofuions feeme not to ffana toitl) tbe liberties of the <£mpercuts p?iuileges 
 
 ana frccoome of tbe entercourfe , tobiclj iboula be reffcainea neither to times j conoitions , but 
 
 to be free ana abfolute t tobeceof it map pleafe pour lo?attjip to be aauifea, ana to continue pouc 
 
 honourable courfc boloen bettoeene tl;e Cmperour ana bet S^aieilp, to reconcile fuclj oifferences 
 
 as anpoccaftonaotfj offer to tbett league 0? trafficke, 'SLbus not ooubting of pour iojaujtps fur* 
 
 tfjerance herein, 31 humblptake mpleaue of pourgooalojDfpip, ^rombec^aieSteswgall 
 
 palace of Whitehall this 15 of3lanuarp, 1591, 
 
 liajf. 
 
 <3Tf]e ^itjIiB) 
 mcrcliaiitB 3 
 toicfta rcftrat' 
 
 1591 
 
 IJ9» 
 
 A Letter from the Emperour oi^ufsia, Theodore hanoukh 
 to thcQueenesMaieftie. 
 
 § jougb the tenoer mercie of our <6oa , toberebp the oap-fp?ing from on fcigb 
 
 ^hathbiftteo bs, thetebp toguiaeour fett into the toap of peace. Cuen this 
 1 our <Soa b)> mercp toe glo?ifie in 'SDrim'tie. 
 
 cLQe the great £.o?o , Eing ana great Duke Theodore iuanowkb. , go* 
 
 tternourofaIlRu(fia,of Volodimer, Mofco, anaNouogrod, Sing of Cazan 
 
 * w ailD Aftracan, JLop of Yobfco, ana great Duke Of Smolenfco, Otuer, 
 
 Vghori, 
 
-- - ^1 
 
 ^TheQJLet.toL/Boris. TrafTiques,&Difcoueries. 503 
 
 Vghori, Perme, Viatsky, Bulgary, anD otljer regions, lojD ano great Dutte alio ot'Nouogrod 
 in the IoU) COUtttrcp, of Chernigo, of Rezan, Polotsko, Rolloue, Ycroflaue, Bealozera, anD of 
 Lifland, of Vdorsky, Obdorsky, Condinsky, atlD all trjC COUHtCf p of Siberia, atlD commanOCC 
 of all the ji2o)t() parts, ano Iojd ouer the cottntrep of Iuersky, aim King of G rufinsky, ano oftlje ^ftc «mp« 
 COUnCWpofKabardinskyjCherchasky.anDDufeeoflgorsky.lo^rjanDrtllerofinanpccttutrcpS tomte™*!* 
 moje?C. %0 Ottr lotting fitter Elizabeth Qtteene of England, France, ano Ireland, (JC; lo= 
 umgCacr,pcuc letters fentbp pour feruant Thomas Lind,lueljattcrecettteD,anoreaouihfltpou 
 ' baue tojitten in the fame touching ottr title, aim touching pour o?oer holoen in pour letters ljcrc= 
 tofoje fent bs bp pour feruant Ieromc Horfcy : tohercin pou haue anftoereD us fttfficientlp ano 
 moftgraciotttlp, 
 
 3no tohereaspotrr spaieffie hath tojiitteu in pour letter concerning the gooos of William 
 Turnebull late DeceafeD in our kingoome , that pour fubiects, fo j tobom he toas factottr, Qjottlo 
 baue Debts growing unto them front him bp account ; toe at pour spaielttes reqttett haue caufeo 
 notonelpo?Dertobctafeett, but fo?pottc€pigbneu"e fake, lotttngfifier, toehattecaukothcgooDa 
 to be fought out ano oeiiuercD to pour merchants agent ano bis companp , together until his 
 tf uffe , bookes , billcs ano tojtttngs, as alfo monep to the toalue office huno jeb rubbles , tohic!) 
 Chriftopher Holmes anD Francis t herry are to pap fo? || pcarie j anD toe hatte fet at libcrtt'e the Slmpmwii 
 
 fapoTurnebullesfeinfemartRaynoldKitchinanDhisfellotoes, ano Deuuereo them to pour mer- matKofttw 
 chants agent, £*,?*"" 
 
 anDfttrthcr,tohere pott tojite unto bsfoj fuel) pour fubiects as hatte Departeo out of pour ma= ° 
 tettiesiTiealmefecmlptouhattt licence, that toe (boulDgiueojoer to feno them home : concet» 
 ning fitch pour fubiects fojtobich pott baue to?itten onto ourS^aiefliebp letters, toe toillcaufe 
 fearcb to be maoe , ano fuel) as ate toilling to goe l)ome into pour Kingoome , toe toill coniniano 
 fo jtbtottb to be Delittereo bnto pour merchants: agent , ano fo to paffe ♦ 9nD fuel) of prttr <paic 
 fiiespeopleashauegiucnthcmfelues totoer our gouemment as fubiects, toe thinkettnotrcqtti-- 
 0te to grant to let them paffe* 
 
 9hd further , toi)ere pou haue tojitten bnto as concerning the poosof lohnChappell , toe 
 6auetonttenheretofo?ctl)etol)oleDifcottrfethereof,not once, but funo?p times, ano therefore it 
 iBnotneeofuHtoto?i:eanpmo2Ctbcrcof, &no fitch gooos as tocrefettno out oftljcgooDsottlje 
 fapoChappell, the moncp thereof toasreflojeo to pour Spaiefltespecple William! umbullano 
 his fellotoes. ijour 9paictties feruant Thomas Lind toe haue fent toith our letters the fame toap <©. Thomas 
 toherebphecame into ottr ktngoome. 'Slje long abtcing tjecre of pottr Spaiettics feruant in our Lind • 
 kingoome , toas foi the comming of pour people from the <^ea po jt. fKLtritten in our pjincelp 
 courtanDropallfeatinthecitpof Moi'cotritljepeerefromt|)ebeginm'ngoft[)etoo?lD 7101 , in ij?» 
 tljemonttljofaanuarp. 
 
 To the Queenes mod excellent Maieftie from the Lord 
 
 Boris Pheodorouich Godottoua. 
 J3 the grace of <Sod great lLo?D ano great Duke Theodore Iuanouich gouer* 
 
 I nouro?Rullia,Volodimer, Moico, anoNouogrod, JKingof CazananDA- 
 ftracan , LojD of Vobsko, anD great Duke of Smolenfco, Otuer, Vghori, 
 Perme, Viatsky, Bulgary, ano other regions, lo £D anD great Duke Of Nouo- 
 grod in thelotoCOUntrep, of Chcrnigo,of Rezan, Polotsko, Roftoue, Iero- 
 flaue, Bealozera, anD of Lifland, of Vdorsky, Obdorsky, Condinsky, anD all 
 
 the cottntrep of Sibery, ana commantierofall the 5fro?tb parts, anDLojDouerthccountrcpof 
 Iuersky, atlD Sing of G ruhnsky, anDofthecotmtrepofKabardinsky, Cherchasky,anDDttkcof 
 Igorsky,3LojDanDrtilerofmanpcountrepsmo?e, ?c. 
 
 S^Oil refplcnDCntSEiueene Elizabeth ofEngland, France, anD Ireland, fc, his pjt'ncelp S$ir 
 lefties feruant, tojoanDCpafterof hisbojres anDhighsstctoaroofhishoufe, ano ^efibent of 
 the territories of Cazan anu Aftracan , Boris Pheodorouich Godonoua , unto pour mott creel* 
 lent Spaieffp, great laote Quccnc Eliz abeth, feno mp humble commenDations- 3It (jath pleafen 
 pour Spate ttie to to?ite bnto me pour gractotts ano p^iucelp letter bp pour feruant Thomas Lind; 
 tohtch letter 31 recettteB toith all bumblctuffe. During the time of tlje abooc of pour speffenger 
 Thomas Lind here in the Mofco, tt yUaft® (Sod of his merctfulnclTe, ano cur Laop the mother 
 of 60D, anD h'ulp faints, bpt!;ep?p.pcrs of our lo?D anD bintt his Spaieflte Theodore Iuanoukh 
 ouer all Rudiagouernour, thertgljt beleeueranolotterofChnft, to feno our Queen eaitDgra< f^ e f c f v,m 
 ctous laop Irene a poong \3?incc(Te, to the great top ano comfort of cur ktngoomc, nameo o'/aeaugytcr? 
 Pheodocine. GEIljerefoje toe gitte all Ijonouc anD glo?p to the almigijtie (Sod mtfpeafieable, 
 
 toljofe 
 
504. TheEnglifh Voyages, LSBorishis Let. to theQ^ 
 
 igt.FrtaciiCbe- 
 tie. 
 
 toljofe gifte© Ijati bceae manifolae toitlj merciebntoDS; foj tobicball toec Civilians lauo ano 
 pjaife Sot). 
 
 after all tW pout feruant teas oecaflontD to flap tomTl c&e comming of pour merchants from 
 tljefeapojt. 
 
 touching tbe letters tobicb pou baue receiueo from pour loufng b jotfjer our &o jd ano J^a* 
 iter bp pour ambaffaDour , therein pou perceiuc iufficientlp mp gooo meaning , in trauailing foj 
 the continuance ofamitie ano frtcnDQ;ipbetli>trt pou migbtp great ponces, in the tobicb 31 toil! 
 continue mine enoeuour, 9lfo pour merchants 31 tj^ue taken into mpp?otectionfo? to Defend 
 tbemfojtbeloue31bearetopourSJ!)aiettie. 3s bee«tofo?e3lbaue ooneitnriilinglp, anotoitb 
 great care of tbeir goon , fo 31 meane to continue fo farre as <Sod toill giue me Ienue; to tie eno 
 tfjat fajotrjetlp loue be boloenbettoeene pou Winces toitbout Diflurbance. 
 
 9le a batte bcene to pour merchants in times patt, fonotobptbe permtfftcnatiDcemman* 
 Dement of ur iojD ano gaffer , 3| toill be the ir Defcnbour in all caufes : ano toill caufc all our 
 atttbo ?ifeo people to fauour tbem ano to Dcfcno tbem , ano ta giue tbem free libertp to bup ano 
 fell at tbeir pleafure. 'She merchants Doe not certifie pour pnncelp Spaieflie cf all oucfrieno* 
 fljip ano fauour ftjetoeD unto tbem from time to time, 9nD toljercaspour fi^aieflte bath nolo 
 tontten to our Loni ami Scatter to) tbe Debts tobttb pout merchants ougbt to Ijaue of William 
 Turnebull latelpDifceafeo, 31 bauingperufeo pour SjNeQies letter, toberebp3IamrequeaeD 
 to be a meane foj tbe recouerie ano obtaining of tbeir fapo Debts , 31 Ijaue mcueo it to our Iohj 
 ano King bis£0ateflie s tbat ojDer map be giutn tberein : ano that bis feinfeman Rainold Kitchin 
 fc)ttbtb?eeperfons mojemapbe fentouer together toitb tbcfapD Turnebulles fiuffe ano other 
 tbinga, as btlles, booka anD tojitings. 311 tobicb u)all be oeltuereo to pour merchants 9gent ano 
 bia fellotof s.auD in monep 600 rubbles of tbe fapo Turnebulles. 
 
 9no touching pour merchants, 31 toill baue a great care ouer tbem, ano pjotecttbc m, toberebp 
 tbcp fballftiffcrno Damages in tbeir trace : anoallfcinoeof traffickeinmercbantiileujallbeat 
 tbeir libectie. 
 
 saritten in our to jd anp Kings S^aiefltes ropall ritte of Mofco , in nje peere from t&e begin* 
 ning of tbe toojio 7101, in tbe monetb of 3|anuarie. 
 
 A letter from the Lord Boris TkeoJoro-toich to trie right honourable 
 Lord William Burghley, Lord high Treafurer of England. 
 
 "$> tbe grace of o3oD great lo?D, Sing, anD great Duke Theodor Iuano- 
 uich, gouemourofRuflit, Volodimer, Mofco, anD Nouogrod, King of 
 Cazan anD AHracan, iojiD of Vobfco, anD great Oufee of Smolcnico, 
 Ocuer, Vghory, Perme, Viatsky, Bulgary, anD Other regions, lojDanD 
 great Duke of all Nouogrod in tljeloto count reps,of Chernigo, of Liffe- 
 land, Of Vdorsky, Obdorsky, Condinsky, anD all tbecountrep of Sibery, 
 ano commaunoer of all tbe jftoub parts, anD Lo?o ouer tbe count rep of 
 Iuersky, anD King of Grufinsky, anD Of tbe COttntrtpa of Kabardinsky, 
 Cherchasky, anoDukeof Jgorsky, Lo?DanDruUrofmanpCoutttrepsmo?e$c. $isp?incclp 
 spaiefties feruant, Lop ano Spatter of bis bojfes, anD high !§>tctoarD of bis beufe, IPjefloent of 
 
 tbe territories of Cazan anD Aflracan, Boris Pheodorbwich Godonoua, to tbemctthonoura* 
 
 ble CounfeHer of tbe mofl refplenoent mtgbtte great Laop Elizabeth SEUieene of England, 
 France, anD Ireland, William Burghley, Lo?D, ano Knight of t&e<Sarter, bigb ©reafurouc 
 of England, fenDetb greeting. 
 
 3jperceiuebppouc letter that pour merchants lattftjippes came borne in faftie, anD tbat pou 
 baue recciueo tbe letters fern bp tbem , bp tbe banos of Francis Cherie , one from our lo jd anD 
 great King of all Ruflia bis apaieflp, bnto pour Stiueer es moll ercdient Spaicttp , ano one from 
 me to ber Ipigbneffe , anD one from mp fdfe to pou ; ano tbe contents tljereof pou baue cauf cd to be 
 reao anD toell bnoerflooD at large. SlnD tobatfoeuet is tberein tu?itt en concerning Ierome Hor- 
 fcy , pou baue fougbt out tbe grouno tbereof , ano tbat be is tn great Difplcafure. 2nD ber lipigb' 
 nefle batb ton' tt t n in ber letter concerning ber Spatcflies mercbants, tbat mbereas 31 bane taken 
 tbem into protection, fl)e take tlj it berp louinglp ano binoelp, tbat fo? bet fake tljcp baue receiuen 
 ia great kinDneffe. _ 
 
 ^no tottcbing tbe Damages ano binDerantes tobicb pout mercbaunts baue utttatneD bp 
 meanes of tbe Cmperours autljonfto people anD officers, ano tljat tbep toere not permitteo 
 totratfickeatlibertieat tlje&ea pen in tbe peere 1 589 , foj. tbe fpaceof tfcjce toeekes, it 
 batb becne again a tbe€mperours S^aieflica toill anD pleafure, as alfoagainttmine* ftlJijere 
 
 pou 
 
 / - 
 
The Smp.laftpriuilege. Traffiques,<3c Difcoueries. 505 
 
 pouoefireanatoiujtbat bettoeene our €mperours^aiettie,anopour£ltteene8^ateffic,theit: 
 loue ana amitie map not bee feperacca at aup time, but to continue: ant) pou requettmee that 3) 
 (boulo be goon bnto the CngUEb mercbants,ano to aefena them from alt fucb Homages hereafter; 
 pour honours! louing letter 3 batte therein tbjottgljlp confiaerea : ana as 31 haue bene bcrctofoje, 
 fo 31 toill fftll continue to be a meanebettoirt our lojae anu kings spaiettie, ano pour great laap 
 the Slueene her bigbnclfc , fo? the maintepntng of b^otberlp loue ano amitie, moll iopfullp ana 
 toiilmglp,a8 (Sod knotoeth, aitoel hereafter as 31 banebene ljeretofo;te : pjapiugpou toooe the 
 litte alto, a^ine onelp ceGre is fo? pcur mott ercellent IPH'ncefle fake , to bo all that Iprth in mee 
 fir? tlje apoing.belping ano protecting oftjer Spaie fiies merchants, bp the o?oer ano commaunae* 
 ment of our lo?a ano king bis* 9p)aiefiie. 
 
 Smat'otljat enae,3l baue giuen o?aerto all ourautbojifca people to bee carefull euerthem, 
 anotoocfenaetbem inallcaufes,ana to gttte them free Ubcrtie totraffickeattbcirotonetoilles 
 ana pleasures, 3It map bee that pour merchants aoenot certifiepou tlje trueth ofall things^? 
 make knotoen bnto pour honour mp reaDincffe to p?otect tbtm: 9nabotoe mp letters anu 
 Comnnffions are fent to ail autho?ifeo people fo? them, that thep Ihouloe apoe ana amftthent 
 accojaing to the tcnour of mp letters, to all others that bee in autbojttie bnacr t&e fata ©fficew 
 t) otberteife. 
 
 . aifo pour honour to ?iteth of tlje debarring of pour merchants at the §>ea po?t from trjeir ac* 
 cuttomeo libertte of entcrtbangeablc ttafficke ano bartar. Couching tohiclj complaint feared 
 ano inquiCtion hath bene maac, ano commaunarment giuen,that pour dueencs S^aicfties mer» 
 chants at tlje S>eafioe , anu in all places where tbe trace vs, t>oe not fuffaine anp Homage o? Ijinae* 
 ranee hereafter, but that thep ffjalbe atltbertietotthoutanp hinoerittg o? letting, either in tlje 
 Mofco,tbeCreafurehoufc,o?elfetoherebpanpofourauf[jo?ifcB people, but abfolutelp to bee 
 at free libertte at their otone toill ano pleafurc, 9nB alfo 31 toill continue to be their p?otcctour 
 ano oefenoour in all eaufes, bp our £ o?t>c ano kings Sjjteiefiies ojoer ana commaiinoement : ass 
 it fbaibe knotoen ano certifieo pou bp pour people reticent (jere in the Mofco. 
 . iKajitteninouriSings^atemesropallcttiieofMorcofromtbebeginntngofttetoojIrjyioi, A D noDomi» 
 peere,intbemonetbof3lanuarp, IJ92, 
 
 A moft gracious Letter giuen to the E.nglifli Merchants Sir -John 
 Hart and his company, by Theodore Imnowich , the King, Lord, and great 
 duke ofall Ruffia,the onely vpholder chcreof. 
 
 It>c onelp (Sou omnipotent brfo?e all etettiftte, Ijts toill be bone tottljortt etiDe* 
 the Jfather, Siomtc, ana bolp (Sljoff toe glojifie in-ftrmitte, JDur onelp (Sou 
 the maker of all things ano too?ker of allin all euerp tohere toitb. plemifull in* 
 crcaftifo i tobtcb caufebe hath giuetflftTe to man to lottehtm,ana to truft in Ijt'mt 
 ©ur onelp ©oo toljich infpireth euerp one of i?s H# bolp cbila?en toitb hip; 
 toojotoDifccrnegooBthioughouclojalefusChrift, ana tlje bolp quickimto; 
 f^iritoflife noto iirtljefe perilous times eSabbfljbs to feeepe tlje rigljtfcfpter, anbfufferbs to 
 retpeofourleluesto tlje gooapjofitoftfjelana, ana to tlje fitbUHtngsftlje people together toit^ 
 the enemies, ana to tlje mamteinance of bcrtue. ? i , • -^ 
 
 . Wit the gteat Lo?a,ktng, ana great euke Theodore luanouich, of all Ruiifia tl^e onelp bprjbl* 
 fieXjOfVolodimcr, Mofco, ana Nouogrod,SingofCafan,an&kingof AflracatijlLojaofVobn. 
 co.anagreat Oufte of Smolensko, of Ocuer, Vghefrie.Permia, Viatski, BuJoari,ana otberregt* 
 ans.greataukealfoofNouogrod in thelotoe^ountrep.efChemigo^f Rezan, Polotskt.R-o- 
 
 ftpue,Yarufl3ue ) Bealozero,anBofLiefland,ofVdorski i ObdorskijGondenski,anBcommattn'= 
 \%t ofall the Countrep of Siberi ana of tlje 5So?th partMnc top ouer the Countrep of Iuerski,,- 
 Grufinski, ana King ouer theCountrepof Igorski, ana ruler otter manpQtherkmgBomejsaitb 
 to?o(bips mo?e» 
 
 . ©urp?incelp S^aieflieat tfjc requefi of our b?other tnlatoe BorisFeodorowichGodetio- 
 Maottr fesuant,anoflpaiierofourbo?fes, general! Comptroller of our Ijoufe, ana gouernotrrcf 
 theLojoujipsanaktHgaomes of Cafan ana Aftracan ■ bnto the UEngltfl) merchants igrfr lohn 
 
 Hare knight.fir William Webbc kntgrjt.Richard Salkenftow 9!aerman, Nicholas Mofeley at 
 Wrman.Robcrt Doue,Wil .GarrowCjIohn Hatbcy,Robert ChamberIaine,Henry Anderfon, 
 lohn Woodworth,Fracis Cherry,IohnMerrick,f Chriftopher Holmes ; hathgraciouttp giuen 
 
 leaue to come 9 go toith t Jcic ftjips into our kingaonief territo?ies of Duina toith all kina of com* 
 mooities at their pleafureg to trafficks fr5 the feaftoe to our roial city >of Mofco,^t iti al ther cities, 
 {otones,countries ana territories ofottrtoljolekutgaont of Mofco:byornhe ljumble petition ana 
 
 &u fute 
 
 
fo6 The Englifb Voyages, 7 ht SmfJtft prwilege. 
 
 futeoftbefaioe <£ngliftji merchants Br Iohn Hare ano bis companp,toee baue gtuentbcmleaue 
 to paffeano trafficke into all part? of out Dominions ano territories of Mofco , ano to ouc inrjeru 
 tancc ofNouogrodanoPlefcotoitb tljcic toaccg ano commoDitteS toitbeut yainnr; »np cuQctne 
 o? Due ties, 
 
 32Ie tbe great locking, ano great tune Theodore Iu ano wich of all Ruflia fymt Brmelp gi« 
 uen aim graunteo untatrjc afo refatoe Cngliflj mercbants Br Iohn Hart arm bis companp, for tbe 
 lone toe beare to our ceare fitter SClueeneElizabech.toe 3 tap of our gracious gooones bauegiuen 
 leaue to tram I ami paflJ te our ropal feat of Mofco , ano to all tbe parts of ou r ktngoome ton!) all 
 kiitoc of commaoitiep, ano to trafficbe luitlj all Kinoc of ujarcg at tbeirotone pleafure, luitrjout 
 papinganp cuflome of tbeir faio to arcs, 
 
 Co pou our Customers toe toil ano commano not to take anp maner of cuttome of t be faio mcr* 
 chants ano tbeir companp,neitber fo? entering,toeping no i palling bp o? tbrougb anp plate of our 
 territories, no? fo? cuttome,of iuogement bp Latoe, o? f o ? tbeir petfon o ? perfons; no? anp Duties 
 ouerb?iDges, or forcerti6catsorp?oceffcs,orfor conoucting ouer anp llrcatr.es o? toatets^fo? 
 anp o t iiercuftomes o? oueties tljat map be nameo; toe toil ano Brat 1 1 p commauno pou not to take 
 anpoftljeminanptoife. 
 
 P;oitioeDaItoapes,tbattbefaiDe merchants ffjallnot colour anp Crangers toares, no? b?uig 
 trjem into our countrep,ne? fauottr tbem co!ourabIp J no?fel fo? anp ffranger* Co pou our fubiects 
 alfatoecomanD > nottonteDDleo?Dealetoitbanptoaresofttrangerscolourablp ] no?torjauetl)eni 
 bp pou in keeping,no? to offer to fel tbeir comoottics ; but tbemfciues to fel tbeir otone comootties 
 in cbangc o? otbertoife as tbep map o? can. 3no in al totones,tities,countreps,o? anp part of otrc 
 Dominions ano territories it fljalbe latoful fo? tbe fojefr.Q mercbants ano tbeir rompanp to fell o? 
 farter atoap tbeirotone commooities in cljange o? otbertoife , fo? o? at tbeir pleafure as tbcp toill. 
 3no toljenfoeuer tbe fain mercbants o? anp of tbem comeinto our territories of great Nouogrod 
 o? Plefco, o? to anp otber parts of our kingoome toitlj tbetr toares, bp uerrue of tljefe our spaie* 
 flies letters toe Qraitlp cljarge ano commano pou our Capraines, generals, ano all otber tjjat be 
 . autljo?ifeD o? in office,to fiiffer theafo?efaio mercbants to paffe ano repeue,anD to take nokinoe of 
 cuttome o? Dutie of tbem, o? anp of tbeir gooos, botoforuer it map baue name: no? in no.place elft 
 toljcre tbcp ffjal come in all our I itngoome. Liketotfe if tbcp fell notuo? bu]> no toares, pou (ball 
 tafejijo .cuttome, yutfitffer tbem quietlp tapafle tobereibep toill toitbtJctr^BotoSj ffifqurgi^ti* 
 owpofflKS auo meet'e gbdotoill toe baue giuen tbe faio mercbants leaue "tbjtrjim'cke tb?ougbout 
 allbur kingcoines ,'anO wttilltotonrs annuities tostlj all mater of toares ano commoDities toitb* 
 out paping anp cuflome o? outie. SHberefoeucr tljep fbal bappen to fel o? barter ato<rp anp of tfcete 
 comutaofties to our fubieccs , tbep are to barter o? fell bp. tobole fale, ano not bp retaile, as bp tbe 
 paro o> bp tbe ounce in.-tbejr-feoufes *j elfetobere : but bp tbe packe o? tobole rlotbes,beluets, »a< 
 mafks.taffaties Lp tbe piece,ano not-bp the parD; ano al otber toares cbat are to be folD bp toeigbr, 
 tbep are to be folo not bp tjjebunce,uw bjwjreat fale.gotrr toines fljalbe folD bpbogs beaog,pipe$ 
 orljiittjrs, but not bp quartes ncr? pintes. . 
 
 - Site faio Cngliflj merchants are to fel o j uarter atoap tbeir otone comooitics tbemfelues,ann 
 net to fuffer anp Ruffes to bup o? fell for tbem : nor to £WP 0) tranfport anp toares of If rsngeris 
 in tteaDjpXtbeir otone in no toife. 9no if tl;e faioe €nglifl) mercljantsfljaUbe beBtotts to feflanp 
 of tbeir cbmmoOittes at Colmogro,o? bpon tbt Kiuer of Duina,o? at Vologhda o? at Ycraflaue; 
 toben as tbe faioe mercbants baue folne in anp of tbe faioe 1 5Lotoues,Citieso?tcrrito?ies ) tben 
 pan our officers ano nutiio?ifco people bpnertue of tbis our gratious letter toee toill ano firaitlp 
 commauno not to take anp cuttome of tbe afo?efaio mercbants,botofcet:crit map be naitieo, ■ 
 
 ,9^toben(bcuer;tbefatDe Cnglittj mercbants or anp of tljeirfactoiitsBjaibeDeBroustobire 
 carrots to catrp tbeir toares to anp place of our Dominions or Cities^ it fljalbe at tbeir'cJjopfe 
 bot. pleafure to Ijier tbem t\)C bett tbep can , auD toljere tbep toill , cither toatermen to rotoe, 
 orWelal , :•.--—.-.' 
 
 ^Ifo toben anp oftfje faio mercbants tbemfelues.o? anp of tbeirs are DeBrousto trauelintoanp 
 pattofour Dominions, o? into anpotberkengoomes ,or into tbeirotone kingDome,ifanp of cur 
 w eafurebeoeliuereD to tbem,tbep to take ittoitb tbem.ano to fel it in bartar or otbertoife fo? fuefr 
 toares ac ar c mott requifit ano neceffarpto be b?ougbt intoour feingoome ano to be oeliuereD in* 
 toourjreafurp^ou^ucnobilitiejgeneralsetalctbcrsinautborttpfuffertbemtopaffet^^^^ 
 our bit ies.totones $ countries toitljout takinganp cuttome of tbem.ano toben tbe faio mercbants 
 baue Bone tbeir trafficking place f come to tbe Mofco,tbep fbal make it knotoen attl;etr atr mat 
 at ibcfjbufe of Cbaureriranpfeerctarifljip toVafili Shalkan. flnt furftertobentbere comeanp 
 (JEngtiQ; mercbants toitb, tbeir, u)ips or ficflels bp fea, tbat bp mittjap Ojalbe; cattatoapbpon anpof 
 our fij oars o? coBes,to« toil ano commano pou to apoe fbr ipe tbem^ano to feeke fo? their gooos fa 
 
 periujeo 
 
The 8mp priuilege. Traftiques,6c Difcoueries, 
 
 507 
 
 pcrifljco 1>V anp cafualcie,ana to be refloat a againe to the faiDe «£nglify merchants 0? then: alfig' 
 nes Without anp pjolmigingojcetawuiig. &s alfo if anp of the afcjcfu'Dc met chants goons be 
 fotmnin anp part of our coaflcs 0} Breames ana thcp not pjefent cbcmfdtte^ ,Ict the Cito pass be 
 taken rmn lapa up in fafrtte in fomcplace j other, ana be ae iiuereo to the afojefato merchants o? 
 ttjeit factors miuer pettalcie of cut Mfpieafure. 
 Vuttbcrmoie We i5iug,Lo?o,ans great DukcofaHRufliajOfcu^^^ 
 tl)e Cita.UO) merchants ana their company, their bdufe in ch/ ditieof Mofcolpmgharflbptbe 
 Church of S.Marke behin&e the market place : Which tbep fljall keepc ano rtmaine thereinafter, 
 tbttr ola accuttomea bfe. p^otiiocD alwaucs tljat thep fball keepe one Ruffe poster 01 one of their, 
 oWne people, 9 map keepc anp other Ruffe fe ntant at their aifcrrtion, SiCo that bsufes in ftmojp 
 places,as at Ierafljue,Vologhda, Colmogro, ana at S.Michael archangel, all tljefeboufcs tijep 
 Cjallkeepe ana bfc at their owne pleafure, aero jatng to our former letters patents Without pap= 
 iitg an? outie,rent,ojcu!Jcme.}3o?pouthecomMUua!tte of tbefaio tonnes fiial take anp thing of 
 tljem 0} theirs foj anp attctte fljat Qjoulo belong to pott, efpecial!p of the fjoufes afojefaia : but trje 
 fata <£ngli(h merchants fbal eniop tbcmpcaceabip to? thcmftluesana tijeir families, but (brilnoe 
 fuffec anp other Grangers Ruffes oj others to bfe the afojefaiatotifes : aifo pau Ojall furfcr them 
 to lap their Wares ana coimtoDitiesmtbeirWarcbeufcs', ana to fell their cemmoaities to Whom 
 tljcp pleafe Without let oj fjinac ranee, bp bcrtue of tljis ojtr gratious letter. 
 
 "SE-fjeir Ijoufekeeper bcinga Ruffe (rjali not wiaercakc to meoci e,oj fell «np of tbeir Wares With* 
 out tbep tbcmfelucs be pjefent,nor to bup anp thing foj them. t 
 
 aifo it (balbelaWfull to? the fata merchants when tbep fbal srrfue at thct'r po^to lane ana bn= 
 toe their mercbanaifes as in times pafl thep bane none at their picaft:rc.3iiD When tl;ep lase their 
 Clips With Ruffe csmmoaities o? bnlanethein , it (bathe iawfull foi them to hire anp of our fub- 
 iects to belpetbemfojtbepjefent time, ana fo^tljemto carrp their gooas to ana fro Wittjtbeic 
 
 OWne bcftcls to S.Michael Archangel,o?Clfetebtre. 
 
 aifo toe comtnana pou cur autbojifca people at the feafiae as Wei Cufomets as others to take 
 of the fojefata merchants a note,o? reme!ttbjance,Wbac gooas tbep tying in ana tljrp out: toljetebp 
 it map be fcnowen What gooas come in aim go out, 25tte it: no wtfciball pott open o? isnyacbe anp 
 of their mares } merchancifes. 
 
 inlike maner tohen as thep fljip o? fence aioap anp of their countrep commssities from S.Mi- 
 chael Archangel to anp ot^er place, oj to our ropallCiiieofMoicopcefijaHnotbinticrttoflet 
 them anp maner of wife fo? tlje (hipping of their merchanoifesin 0} out, bpbertue of ttjefeour 
 gratious letccrsof pjiuiletige giuen them. 
 
 Sno whenfoeuer anp of the fain CngUfl) merchants haue anp occafion to feuo otter Isnn out of 
 our Dominions into their onmcountrep anpof tijeirferuants c?facto?s,bpbertuc of this ourgca s 
 tiotts letter toe commanc pou to giue them their paflepcjt cut of tlje oSice of our sSiecrctarifmp. 
 
 atio Wljcnfoeucc anp of our fubiects hath anp thing to do with anp of tlje fojcfaiD merchants bp 
 toap of contentions: a) that tijrp be Damnified 0} hinscrco bp anp of our fubiects: then We appoint 
 mm ojDcine Dttr Chanceller ano Ǥ>ecretarp Vafili Shakan to bearc their caufcs^r.D finallp to De- 
 termine on both Rces acco?Ding to equitie ana tuilice: ar.D that l;e fljall fearch the tructh bei toeens 
 both parties. 
 
 ano When the truetbjCannot be pjoueo 0? fottnD out, thentocaSlotsbpopcroftljefojeCaice 
 3IuDge, ans he to Whom tlje lot (ball frf I to tafe e his otije. 
 
 5f urthermo^e Wljenfoeuer anp of the €nglilij merchants 0? their factois (hall come into anp 
 parts of our Dominions 0? Cittes,ar.D Rjalbe W^ongeD anp kinoe of wapes in traoing.o j otljerWife 
 bp anpabufeD,o?bauc anp occaCon of contention With anp bp Wap of traDetntnetcbanDifecjo- 
 tljerWapes: We liraitip charge ano conmtnunD pou our gouernours, area attthonfeD fubiects With 4 
 in all our Kealme ant i territories of the fsnir^to miniller iuttice into the afojefatDe merchants.o? 
 to their Deputies , ano to fearch the tructh of the contention : 3no fo? Wantoffufficientpjoofe 
 cafi lots Wijo (hall take Hs oath fo? tlje mo jc rcaop trisll of the caufe: Sua mno Wife to take anp 
 fceo? auctie of the afojefaia CngfiO) merchants fc? tlje faiD iuagement in iaWe, 
 
 ZSXz Wil anD commauiiD all tins to be obfenteo atiD kept in all parts of cur Dominions bp all 
 our fubiects ana autbojtfea people, bv'oerttte of tfjefc our ropal letters patents : Sud the faioIet= 
 ters not to be Diminifbca in anp part 0? parfeii tiiereof,bp anp perfons Ijowfoeucr t\)Z? be namea. 
 3na Wljofocner (ball withftana 5 not tegaro thefe our gracious letters fijalbe in our high Duplea* 
 fure.ana (balincurre the Joffeofhts life. Elns cur gracious letter Was gtuen in our kingDmn ana 
 ropal Citp of Mofco,in the pete from the beginning of the Wojla 71 04.U1 the monetb of ^ap, 
 
 Subfcribed by the Emperours Chancellour 
 and Secretaric Vafili Shakan. 
 
 Vu a The 
 
 Jtftftciirao;; 
 C3in;titr59iV 
 
5o8 
 
 The Englidi Voyages, Letters to Ad.f.Vee. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 The contents of M.Garlands Commifsion vnto Thomas Simkinfon 
 for the bringing oiMJobn Dee to the Emperour of K«/}« his Court. 
 
 Siena Thomas Simkinfon3J p^appougoeto Brounfwiko?Caffil ana inquire 
 if spafiec Iohn Dee be tljere oj tohere be is, ana tohen pen finae him.certtfie 
 bimbotte that Sibaue rentpoupurpofelptnknotoetohetebeeDoetljremaine, 
 mm at poue rewrite 3i toill come ano fpcake toitb bim mp felfe. Slfopou 
 map ceteefie bun t^at tlje <£n:perour of Ruffcland Ijauing ccrtaine fcnoto« 
 leogc of his great learning ana toifoomr is marueiuuis Defiroue of Ijim to come 
 into bis Countrep, Sua hatb giuen me bis letter fcritb bis ban" ana golaen feale at it fin to tying 
 him into tlje Countr ep toith me e if it be poflible, ana fo ? his lining ujente bint that be (ball be fttre 
 of 2ooo.pouna petrelp , ano alGo all pjouifion fo? bis table out of the Cmperours mtthm free: 
 ano if be tbinke tljis tco little, 3 mill affure bim tljat if be afhe afmuclj mo?e,bee (bail Ijatie it, ano 
 fo? Ijis tlj,ir{jes into ttjc Countrep,3i batiefufftcient ofttje Cmpwourg allowance to bung bim 
 ano all Iji3 ropallp into the Ccuntrep, anobecaufeheemapaoubtofthcfepjonersjheeujallre' 
 maine at tlje bowersbntill the (gmperour be certifiea of bim, ano o f bis rcqtte(l3,toljicb be nioulo 
 Ijaue* &na 31 am fuvc Ije (ball be conuepea though tbe lann toitb fiuejhunojeo fjo?fcs,ana bee Qjafc 
 be accomptea as one of tbe cljiefcffin tlje Iana nerttlje«£mpcrcur, aifo ujeto him home tljat mp 
 lorn p jottctour at mp conimtngatoap uiu take me in bis armes,ano Beftreo me as Ijee fhoulo be 
 mp frieiw to bn'no; Ijim mith me, anD be tooulo giue bim of bis otone putfe peerelp i ooo.rubbless 
 fceGDestbeCmpcroursallamance. Sill theft fojefaiae grauntes anoacmaunas dccSJ Thomas 
 Simkinfon atknoTtuIecge to befpofcen bp Edward Garland tomee, ann to be fent to Declare tht 
 fame bnto Spatter Iohn Dec. £nd in toitnetTc ttjat tbig is of a truetlj 31 l;auc to jittcn tlje fame 
 fciitljmpomnc banc, ano thereunto fet mpname,mWiuingaw,otbctttitCe callea Trcbcna,the 
 i8.ofaeptci«tec,Annoi S 8<5. Byrne 7W^»/S*ofHulI. 
 
 A letter to the right worfhipfull M. Iohn Dee E fquire , conteyning 
 the fum me and t£fc6i6{y[.Edrv#rd Garlandhis meffage, delivered to Mailer 
 Z^himfelfc, (Lettcrwifc) for a more perfect mcraoriall thereof.Anno 1 586. 
 
 1 3"ght too?Cf)!pfuH,it mappleafepou to bnaerffana , tbat3?5i)as fent bntopott 
 1 from tbe mod migljtie prince Feodor Iuanowkh.toja, Cmperour ana grcac 
 i auke of Rufsia,$ e, Ss alio from tlje moS ercellentpjince Boris Feodorowicb, 
 1 lojapjctccto? of Rufsia : to giue pourtoojffjipto imaerffatiD the great gooo 
 > Hull ano beartic aeSrc thep beare touco pou ; fojt that of long time tljep Ijaue ban 
 ■ great goon report of pcttr learning ?toifeDom,asalfo of pour gcoucotinfelbntd 
 Winces: u}bcrcupDnljisS©aiefiiesmofi earneit orfire anDreqticGfsUntopou; that pou nioulo 
 take the paines to come bnco bis citie of Mofco,to biCtc bis f^aieSies Court: fo? tljat Ijee is ceC< 
 rousofpourcomijanp, ano alfo of pour gooo counfeil in Diuers! meters tbatbt'S 9E9aieCien)aH 
 tbinke nercfull. 9tra fo? tlje great pootoill tljat Ijis £pateeie bearetl; unto pcit.hc toil! giue poa 
 peerelp totoate pout maiutfinance 2000* pouno thirling; ana tlje Leja ];')^otf ctour ruin giue pou 
 athaufana rubbles, as alfc pour pjiouifionfoj pour table pou ujallljaue free out of bis S^aieltiejJ 
 kitcljin : Sna furtljcr toljatfo'euer pou (ball tljinke neeaeftill 0? conuenicnt fo? pot!,in anp part 0? 
 parts of bis Dominion, it fljall be at pouttoojujips commaunaement, Sna tbisi? the fummeann 
 effect of mp nteffage ana commanaement giuen me bp bis spaieSie ana the Io?a i3?otectour, 
 Sn Suitneffc uiijcreof 31 Ijaue iu^itten this mitb mp omne bano.tljc 1 jtf. December 1586, 
 
 By me Edward Garland. 
 
 In Trtbotia Caftel otherwife called Wittingace'm Boemia-.to which place this M.Edward 
 Garland came to Af.Dee with two Mofcouites to feruehim,&c.Hc had fixe more, which 
 by M, Dees counfeil were fent backe. 
 
 Witnefle M.Edward Kelky, and M.Erancu Garland, 
 brother to the forefaid£*&v»W,anddiuers others. 
 
 1% {ecmettj that rtjisp?incelp offer of tljeCmperour Pheodor Iuanowich, anD of the iLBori* 
 Pheodotowichpjotectour to Ijts £paieil!e,toas maoetntc tlje learnea ana famous spatbema* 
 titian MJoh n Dee,p artlp to bfe his counfeil 5 airection abput rcrtame aifecueries to the 3^oh6« 
 taftana pattlp foj fome otbet ineigljtpocrafiongtbut bec^ufe their cor.que2ro Siberia toas not ts 
 then fullp fettiea,? fo % atuers ot^jer fectet re<ifous,it iuag foj ^ time Mfy ai thankfuines refufca, 
 
 A branch 
 
The Smp death. Trafiiques,6c Difcouenes. 
 
 5op 
 
 A branch of a letter from M.Iohn Merkk. , Agent vnto trie Mo/couie 
 company in i?«/fw,clofedvp in the 'J^o/ro the 14.0! March, Anno 1597. 
 touching the death of Pbeodar Iuaeowich\a.x.e hmperourofail 7{uffi4,licc. 
 
 f gi^^ S^ ^ I Suing thus farce pjocecocD tomb this nip anfmre onto the ch:efelt points 
 raifillii^lP of pour toojfhips letters recctuen , mp Defireluas to hauefent one onto pou 
 ■ luugfince 3 aspeumappcrcciucDp|thefirfioatc:l)Htbprcafcn3!coulDnat 
 gee leaue,3i baueoe fcrreD it of till this tnSant, (oj that there uias none fuffe= 
 reo to pafTe out of the lano. She caufes map beiuogeDjfo? that it pleafeo (Son 
 to call out of this toojlD, the ^Cmpecour W Cpateaie , to!;o ocpartco about 
 tbe7.of 31amtarp : ano cucrfince hath bene a mounting time,f no fuites fo? 
 
 to.jFe6j.iJ97" 
 
 I 
 
 
 anp matter cotilo be hearo.2t>ut it bach bene a$erp DeaD feafon. get (thankes be to <SoD)th?ougj) 
 
 tbeiwfcgouetnmentcf &o?D Boris Pheodorowich thelojD pjotectojbrtothe faiDclatcCm 4 
 
 perour, fincc his Death all things l;aue bene berp quiet touttjoue anp oiffe ntion ; as the like in rucfj 
 
 agceat kiugoome 31 bauenot hearo of, Sno noto though the p?ouioencc of 9lmigijtte <5oD, 
 
 atfb bp'fttrreuDer of the late Cmpjefle Ircnia Feodonwa , ano the commou content of the l|3atri= 
 
 arch, i9ob!es/^ifbop0,anD the toholr &leargie,Uuth the toholc Commons beGoeSjChotfe is maoe 
 
 Bf uoneorher but of the fato Lo?d Pjote cco?,L.Boris Pheodoro wich to be emperour,enD great f^H *£ 
 
 Cuke of all Rufsia, fciho Uias mott tmtoilling to rccriuc tbekingDome,btte the people tuoulo make tv e»»"»u 
 
 no other chotfe,noi batte anp other. §>o that tenth much nDoe ano entreatie.it bath plcafeo bis S£a» emv"ioSt°o™ 
 
 teBie to take bpon him thekingDome,aiiD he is abroltttc Cmpero? to himano his heices. Sine cer= Ruff* 
 
 tainlp (Sod hath Done much fo? this Count rep, ano hatb mace tbe people greatlp happp.in that l)c 
 
 hath p?ouioeD ano appointee fo famous ano toojtljp apmtce:tufcofeei:ccllentgouernmencanij 
 
 frpcricnee theft fouretecne peeres hat!) bene manifetf to all Rufsia, apoo graunt his htghnetTe a 
 
 moftpfoi^crou«ano!ongra!gne 3 tritthb:slaoptheCnip?eue,tljel3jinrebu&nne,anothep?m» 
 
 teffe bisoaughter, QUI men do retopce hot!) R uffe ano Grangers fo? this moll famous Cmperour. 
 
 ^bc Coronation is thought (ball* on the Aflenfionoap nert,tilrobicb, time 3 cannot Depart from 
 
 •Mofco : toljici) tsa litlc befo?e the time that oiotnarilp 31 Doe take mp ioumep from hence, 3no 
 
 touching his S©ate3ies fauour totoaros me on pour bebalfe , efpeciallp to? her ^atefiies fake, as 
 
 in foj etime it boas ertrao?Dtnarp, ano fo fpeciallp (hettice to mee, as to nonethe like J fo Ijattj his: 
 
 fcigbnelfc p?omtfeD the continuance thereof 3 tuit!) furtljer fauour as fbalue Betirco, thereof 3| 
 
 fjaue no Doubt: fo? oaplp 31 Do finoe the fame* 
 
 A learned Epiftle written 1 5 8 1. vnto the famous Cofmographer 
 
 KM.Gerardus Mercator concerning the riuer Pechora , Naratnfay, Car a reca 3 the 
 : • mighty riaer of 0£,the place of Yak* Olgufo in Siberia 7 t\\e great riuer Ardobjhz lake ot Kit- 
 tay called ofthc borderers Paraha, theCountrey of Carrol} Coimal^, giuing good light co the difcouery of die 
 Nonhcaft pallage to C.tthay,cUm and the frUlucaa. 
 
 ^ lncl)to& celebri Gerarda iJMercatori, domino & timico pnguUri in 
 mttxus proprtM 'Duijbwgiin Clima. 
 ?i| Vin meminiflem., amice optime.quanta, cumvna ageremuSjdele&atione 
 afficererc in legendis Geographicis fctiptis Homcri.Strabonis, Ariftocelis, 
 PlinijjDioni9& reliquo:um,lxtatus fum eo quod incidiflem in hunc nun- 
 cium.qui tibi haslkeras tradit,quem tibi commendatum efle valde cupio, •>- 
 quiqticdudum.A'rusburgihicadOflellamfluuiumappulit. Hominiscx- 
 perientia ,vtmihiqtiidem videtur, multum te adiuueric in revna,eaquc 
 y) lummis a tc votis expetita, & niagnopere elabcrata , de qua tarn varie in- 
 ter fe diflentiunt Cofrr-ographi rccentiorcs ; patefadionc nimirum ingentis illius Promonto- 
 lij Tabin : celebrifque illius & opuleni^ regionis fub Cathayotum rege per Oceanum ad Orien- 
 tembrumalem.Alferi'jsIs ell naiione Bel^a.quicaptiuus aliquot annos vixit in Mofcouicarum 
 tu"cione,apud viros illic celeberrimos Yacouium & Vnekium ; a quibus Antuerpiam niiffus «ll 
 accerfitum homines rei nautkf peritos,qui fatis amplopropofitoprfmio adillos viros fe reci- 
 piant; qui Sueuo artifice dujs ad earn patcfaciioncm oauesedificaruntinDuinafluuio.Vtille Dumau«*di. 
 rem propoait,quamqu3in fine arte,appof!te tameiijcV vt fatis intelligas,qucd qujfo diligenter fia» in Duiaj 
 perpendas,aditus ad CathayamperOrientem proculdubiobreuifsimusefl&admoduexpc- faaio^orioj' 
 dicus. AdijtipfefluuiuObam turn terra pet Samoedoru & Sibericoru regioncm, turn mari per ulun » 
 JittusPechorcffluminisadOrientem. Haccxperientia confirmatus certoapudfeftatuitnauim- 
 JJiercibus onufta.cuius carina nonnimiu profundcdemiffamcflevuIc.inSinuS.Nicolaicondti- 
 eerc inregionc Mofcouitatuaaftruftam ilia quidem rebus omnibus Ad earn patefaclionem ne- 
 
 Vu 3 cclTarijSj 
 
1 
 
 5io 
 
 The Englifli Voyage?, A letter to Mtrcator. 
 
 Dolgova Infula. 
 
 JnfuU Vaigats. 
 
 Sinus infer Vai- 
 gats & Obam 
 vctgens per me- 
 ridiem' 
 
 || Vcl Natamfey 
 & Can reca. 
 
 ceiTanjs., atque lllic redintegrato commeatu, Mofcouitica? nationis notilsimos iufta mercede 
 afciicere: qui & Samoedicamlinguam pulchrcteDeant,&fluuiumObexploratumhabcant,vt 
 qui quotannis ea loca ventitant, Vnde Maio exeunte conftituit pergere ad Orientcm per 
 continentem Vgorix ad Orientalcs partes Pechora: , Infulamque cui noireneft Dolgoia. 
 Hie la titudincs obferuare, terrain defcribere , bolidem demittere, locorumque ac p unci orum 
 diitantiasannotare,vbi&quotieslicebit, Et quoniam Pechora Sinus veleuntibusvelredeuo- 
 tibus commodiffimus eft turn fubfidij turn diuerforij locus propter glacicm & tempeftates, 
 diem impendere decreuit cognofcendis vadis , facillimoque nauium aditu inueniendo: quo 
 loco antehac aquarum altitudinem duntaxat ad quinque pedes inuenit, fed prefundiores ca- 
 nalcseflenon dubitat:deinde per eos fines pergere ad tria quatuorve milliaria nautica,re- 
 liita Infula quam Vaigats vocant, media fere via inter Vgoriam & Nouam Zcmblam : turn 
 Sinumquendam prseterire inter Vaigats atque Obam, qui per Meridiem vergens pertingit 
 ad terrain Vgorise, in quem confluunt exigui duo amnesj| Marmcfia atque Carah , ad quoj 
 amncsgens alia Samoedorum accolit immanis & efferata. Multa in eo tradtuloca vadoft, 
 multas cataradtas inuenit; fedtamen perquas pofllt Nauigari, Vbi ad fluuium Obam pcr- 
 uentum fuerit , qui quidem fluuius ( vt referunt Samoedi) feptuaginta habet oftia , qua: prop- 
 ter ingentemlatitudinem multas magnafque concludentcm Infulas,quas vanjiucoluntpo- 
 pu!i , vix quifquam animaduertat, ne temporis nimiuin impendat, confticuit ad lumnium 
 tria quatuorve tentare ora,ea pra:ferim qua: ex confilioIncoIarum,quos initinere aliquot 
 habicuruseft,commodi(Tima vidcbuntur,triaque quatuorve eius regionis nauigiola tentan- 
 disOftijsadhibere, quam fieri poteft ad littusproxiroe,( quod quidem fub ilinere triumdic* 
 rumincolitur) vt quo loco tutiffime nauigari poflit,intelligat. 
 
 Quod (i nauim per fluuium Obam aduerfo amne peffit impellere, prima fi poterit cata- 
 radta , eaque , vt verifimile eft , commodifTima , ad eumque locum appcllere , quem aliquan- 
 do ipfecumfuis aliquot per Sibericorum regionem terra adijt, qui duodecim iuxtadierum 
 itineic diftac a Mari , qua influit in mare flumen Ob , qui locus eft in continente , prope fluui- 
 um Ob cui nomen eft Yaks Olgufh , nomine mutuato ab illo magno Profluente flumini Ob 
 illabente , turn certe fperaret maximas fedifficultar.es fuperafle. Referunt enim illic popula- 
 res,qui trium duntaxat dierum nauigatione ab eo loco abfuerunt ( quod illic rarum eft, co 
 quod multiad vnum duntaxat diem cymbaspclliceas a littore propellentes obortatempe* 
 ftate perieruntjeum neque a fole nequc a fyderibus redtionem fcirent petere ) per tranfuerfura 
 fluminis Ob, vndelpaciofumefle illius latitudinem conftat, grandes fe carinas prarciofisonu- 
 ftas mercibus magno fluuio delatas vidifle per Nigros, puta /Ethiopes. Eum fluuium Ar- 
 doh illi vocant, qui influit in lacum Kittayum , quem Parana illi noniinant,cui contermina 
 eft gens ilia latifllme fufa,quam Carrah Colmak appellant, non alia certe quamCathaya. 
 Illic, fineceffitas poflulabit,opportunumerit bybernare,fe (uoiquereficere,refque omneS 
 neceflariasconquirere. Quod fi accident, non dubitat interim plurimum fe adiutura iri.plu- 
 ra illic quanrentem atquc edifcentem.Veruntamen fperat atftate eadem ad Cathayorum fines 
 fe peruenturum , nifi ingenti glaciei mole ad os fluuij Oba: impediatur , qua: maior interdum, 
 interdum minor eft. Turn per Pechoram redire ftatuit, atque illic hybernare : vel fi id non po« 
 terit,in flumen Duina:,quo mature fatispertinget, atque itaprimo vere proximo in itincre 
 progredi. Vnum eft quod fuolocooblitusfum. Qui locum ilium YaksOlgufti incolunt,i 
 maioribus fuis clim prxdicatum aflerunt , fe in lacu Kitthayo dulciffimam campanarum har- 
 moniam audiuifle, atque amplaardificiaconfpexifle : Et cum gentis Carrah Colmak mentio- 
 nem faciunt (Cathaya ilia eft) ab imo peftorc fufpiria repetunt , manibufque proieclis fufpi- 
 ciunt incceJum,velut infignem illius fplendorem innuentes atque admirantes. Vtinam Alfe- 
 rius hie Cofmographiam melius faperet, multum ad illius vfum adiungeret,qui fane plurimus 
 eft. Multa pranereo, vir amiciftlme, ipfumque homincm tc audire cupio, qui mihi fpofpondit 
 fe initinere Duisburgi te vifurum. Auetenim tecum conferre fermones,& proculdubioho- 
 minem multum adiuueris. Satis inftructus videtur pecunia & gratia , in quibus alijfque offi- 
 cijs amicitia: feci illi, fi vellet.mci copiam. Deus Optimus maximus hominis votis atque ala- 
 critatifaueatjinitia fecundet/ucceflus fortunet,exitum fcelicifsimum concedat. Vale amice) 
 acDomiue fingularis. 
 
 Arusburgi ad Oflellam fluuium lO.Februarij i 581, 
 
 Littus Oba: inco- 
 litur ab Oftijs 
 trium dictum iti- 
 ncre. 
 
 Yaks Olgufh lo- 
 cus fupet Obam 
 rluuiu duodecim 
 dictum itincre a 
 mati. 
 
 Ardoh Humeri 
 influens in lacum 
 Kitcbaym: de 
 quo in itincte ad 
 Boghariam fcri- 
 bit Antonius 
 Ienkinfcnus, 
 
 Carrati Colmak 
 eft Cathaya. 
 
 Tuus quantusquantusfum 
 loannsi Balakus. 
 
 To 
 
 

 A letter to Miercator. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 511 
 
 To the famous and renowmed GerardtaMercator, his Reuerend 
 and Angular friend at Buisburgbia Cliuelandjh.zfc be deliucred. 
 
 Calling torememb?ance (moaoearetfricuiO toljat ctcceftingDcItgljt poti tooke at our be* 
 ing together, in reaDtngtheQSeograprjicall nettings of Homer, Strabo, Ariftode, Plinie, 
 Dion,anDtl)ereft s 3K!opccl)notaltttIet^at3If)api)eneDuponftichamEffengeragtIjeLeartrof 
 oftbefep?efcnts, (tobontaDoefpeciallprecomnienobntopou) iiihoatriueolatelphereat Aruf- 
 burg upon the riuer of O fella. Chis mans experience (as 31 am of opinton) mill greatly auaile 
 pou to the ktiotoleoge of a certaine matter tohichhath bene bppoufouehementlp DeftrcD, aitD fa 
 curiouflp labourco fo?,anD concerning; the rohich the late £ofmograpbers do 1>o1d fitch barietie of 
 opinions: namelp.oftheDifcouerieof the huge p?omonto?ieof Tabin, ano of the famous ano 
 rich countrepsfubiect unto the €mpeco?ofCathay,ano that bp the $o?theaff SDcean fea. '^he 
 mantscaHet)*Alferiusbemgbpbirtha jfretberlanoer, toljo fo? ccrtatne pecrcg liuco captitte in *#>joiiuv. 
 theDomtnions of Ruffia nnoer ttoo famous men Yacouius ano Vnckius.bp tohont he toas fent to 
 Antwerp to p?ccure f kilfull pilots ano partners, (bp p?opounoing libcrall retoarDS) to go bn= 
 to the tttio famous perfonages afo?efapD,ti)bich tiuo hao fee a Sweden g>hipin?ight on too?fce to ^^° "w 8 
 builotttiolhtpsfojthefameDifcouericupontheriuerofDwina. 'Che paffage bnto Cathay bp t Saofr>Uina 
 the)fto?theatt (as he oeclareth the matter,albeit without arte, petberpaptlp, as pou map tocll ^l'^ '^* 
 perceiue, Which 31 requett poti oiligentlp to conKoer) is tuttbout Doubt berp fbo?t ano eaDe.^tjtst cfl ttout 
 nerp man himfelfe hath trauelleo to the riuer of Ob, both bp lano,th?ough the countrcps of the 
 Samoeds, ano ofSibicr, anb alto bp <§>ea,along the coatt of the riuer Pechora CafltoarD, 15e* 
 ing cncourageD bp this his erperience he is fillip refolueb With himfelfe to conottct a 15arKe la* 
 Ben With mcrcbanoi^e (the keele Whereof hee Will not haue to D?awe ouer much water) to the 
 25ate of g>aint Nicholas in Raffia, beingfurniujeoWithallthrngscrpeoientfo? fuel) noifco* 
 uerie, anowithaneWfupplpofbictHalsathisarriuall.tljere, anoalfo to hire into his rompa* 
 nie certaine Ruffes heft fcno wen bnto himfelfe , Whojcan perfectlp fpeake the Samoeds lan- 
 guage, anoareacquainteowitbthertuerofob , as batting freqttcnteo thofe places peere bp 
 peere* 
 
 (Kdhereupon about the enoe of Sgtap hee ts Detetmin.ep to faile from the 15afe of S>, Nicholas 
 4£;a(tWarD,bpthemaine ofloughoria, anDDtothc^attcrlppartsofPechora^to theaflano 
 Which is calleoDolgoia. anDtjcrealfoheeispurpofeDtoobferuetbelatittioes, to fttrttcp ano ^3ifl<mJ« of 
 Defcribe the countrep,to founD the Depth of the sl>ea, anD to note the Diflanccs of places, Where, ° B ° ia " 
 ano fo oft as occafton (hall be offereo . 3no fo?afmuch as the T5a.it of Pechora is a mod comic* 
 mentplace both fo? harbour anobictttall, as boell'rn their going foo?tb as in their returne home 
 in regaro of 3ice ano temped, he is oeterminco tobednW aoap in founotng the jfIats,ano in fear* 
 thing out the bed enterance fo? (hips : in Which place heretofore he founD the Water to be but fine 
 TooteDecpchotobeitheDoubtethnotbttt that there are Deeper chattels : anD then hee intenoeth 
 to p?oceeo on along thofe coads fo? the fpace of th?ec o? f otirelcagucs, leautng the SjflanD calleo 
 VaigatsalmofltnthemtDDletoapbettoeeneVgoriaanDNouaZembla: tbenaifoto paffe bp a ^Begjflana of 
 cerainelBaieletweette VaigatsanoOb, trenDing&outherlp~mtotbeIanoofVgoria, Where* ^fi„ 
 into fall twafmaflriuers calleo *Marmefiaano Carah, bpon the Which riucrs ooeinhabite an immtwau 
 other harbarousano fattage nation of tbeSamoeds. ^efounomanp jflatsm that tract of lairo, ffijSJgfeon* 
 ano manp cataracts o? ouerfals of Water, pet fuch as &ee Was able to faile bp , COhen bee (ball ^?- r 
 tome to the riuer of Ob, which riuer (as the Samoeds repo?t) hath feucnttc moutljes, Mid) s^'c^Irm, 
 bpreafon of the huge b?eaDt(j thereof containing manp anD great 3H!attos, tohlchnre inijabicen 
 muh funD?p fo?tes. of people, no manfearcelp can luell oifcouer, becaufe Ijc toill not fpenD too 
 muchtime, heutKpofeth tofearch th?eeo? fouteatthemofiofthemouthestbereof,tl)ofechief s 
 Ip tohichfball be thought mofl commoDious bp theaouife of the inhabitants, of toljom hcemea* 
 netjj to ^aue certaine luith him in his uopage, anDineaneih tocmplopth?ee o?foure boates of 
 that Countrep in fcarcb of thefe moutljes, asneereaspofftblp becantotbeiho?e, tuljtclj toitljin 
 t(j?ee Dapes iournep. of the ©ea is inhabiteo, that be map learne inhere the riuer is bed naujga* 
 ile, afitfo fallout tljatbe mapfaplebp the riuer Obagainftthettreame, ano mount bptothat 
 place tobich heretofore accompanicn toith certaine of his fricnDS, he paffeo bntobp lano tlj?ough Jgg f xt * *?' 
 thecountrepofSiberiainhicljisabouttUtelueBapesiournepfromtheSjca, inhere the riuer Ob %b,men t f.e 
 falleth into the g>ea,Dohicbplace is in tljc Centincntneere the riuer Ob,anu i& calleo Yaks Ol- ^^imv 
 gufti, bo?oining his name from thatmightie riuer lnhich falleth uito tl;e riucrOb, then Doubt* fro^mouttiM 
 letTe hee booulo concctue full hope that IjeehaDpatfeD the greatcll Difficulties: fo? the people 'S^' 9 
 Btoeilinstljereaboutrepo?t, toljttljttieretljjee capes failing onelpfrom tljat place jsepono the «>ibuq>. 
 
 riuer 
 
 II 1 
 
 
512 
 
 5)i3 Uoi'.igcto 
 28r>g6it £pra 
 fcctijnfrtjcri* 
 itsi'JtrDoK. 
 
 I 
 
 1, 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, A letter to Mercator. 
 
 titter Ob, tubctebp tbebjeotbtbercofmapbegatbereD (tobicb is a rare matter tberc, becatife 
 tljac manp rotting ttttlj tbctrboatCB oftesj^t onebapes ioutncp onclp fromtbcfljojcbaticbene 
 caftaaap'tntempeA, I>?.uinc£ no CkiH to gtitDe tljemfclues ttcit^et bp ^unnc no? &tarre) tijac 
 tbep bauc fcene great befCels laben toitb rtclj anb ujccious mercljanoi^e bjougbtbobane that 
 r n in great rttier bp blacke o? Cmar t people. Cbep call tbat met *Ardoh, tobicfofalletbimo tbe lake 
 ofKktajr, Mjicb tbep call Paraha, tobcceuponbojberetbtbacmigbHeano large nation toljitb 
 djepcaliCarrahColmak, tebiclj is noneotbectljeutbe nation of Cathay. £.bere,ifnecberc= 
 quice,ljcmap fitlp SHinter ano refrefe foirafelfeanb bis, am> fceke nil tbings tofjiclj Ije fljaUffanu 
 tnneeaof: tubic^tfuCo fallout, Ijeooubtttljnotbut intbemeanetobilebe ffiaHbemucbfuttbee 
 Kb in featcbmg ana learning out manp tljingjs in tbat place. Spotobeit,bebopetb tljatbee fijall 
 teacijto Cathayatbatberp&ommer, bnletrebcbebinoerebbp great abunbance of3te at tbe 
 moutb of tbe tiuer ofOb, Web is Comctimesmoje, anofomctimeslctte, 31 fit fo fall out, bee 
 tbenptirpofttb to returne to Pechora, anb tbere to Jointer : oj if be cannot Bee fo nettber, tbf ti 
 fjee meanetb to returtie to tbe riuec of D wina, tobitber be tuill reach in poo time enougb, anti 
 fo tbe nejtt sluing foHotoringto pjoceebon bis bopage . ©netting in cue place 3 folate 
 befoje. 
 
 Cbe people tobidj blDcII at tljat place calico Yaks Olgufh, affinne tbat tbephatte bearutbeir 
 fojefatljers fap, tbat tbep baue bearb motl fnueete barmonic of bete in tbe lafeeof Kitthay, anu 
 tbattbepbattefeenetbereinttatelpaito large bttilbings t anb toben tbep mafee mention of tbe 
 people namco Cairah Colmak (tin's cotmtre? is Cathay) tbcpfetcb bcepe figbes, anbbolbing 
 bptbeirbant)2f,tbepIookebptobeaucn, ftgmfpingasittoere, ano Declaring tlje notable gtojp 
 anDmaptftccnce of tbat nation. 3 tooutotljte Oliucrteere better fecne in Cofmograpbie, tt 
 UjouId greatlp furtijer bts erperience, iub^b bcubtleffe is bcrp great. S^sft beare fticnb,3 crnic 
 manp tljings^ anb 3 torifl; pott fbotilD beare tbe man bimfrlfe tobicb pjomifeb mce fattbfulip tbat 
 be tooulobifite pou in bis map at Duisburp, fo? be ocfirctb to conferre tottb pou, ano ooubtleffe 
 pou (ball berp mucb further tbe man. $e fcentetb fufficicntlp furntftjea toitb monep anb frienw, 
 luberetn anb in ot&er offices of curtefie 3'offireo bim mp furtherance if it bab plcafeb Ijim to batie 
 bfeome. t£be iojo pjofpcrtbcmansbeRreS anu fo?b3arbneffe,bleffe Ijts goon begtniungsi, fut« 
 tber bis pjoccebtngs,atio grant bnto ban moll bappp ittviz. .fare pou toell goob fir anb mpfingu* 
 larfrienb, jfrcm ArusburgbpoHtlj£riucr-ofOuella,tbe2o.of jFebwatp, 1581, 
 
 Yours wholy at commandement, 
 '<„'■ s. ; lehnHalak. 
 
 it 
 
 MMtt Atuhonie Ienkinfon in a Brfptltatton befoje bet 9Patefiie tout) fir Humfrey Gilbert 
 fojpjoofecfapaflagebptbc^o^rijeaatoCathaya, among otber tbings alleagctb tljtfi r 
 videlicet, tbat tljcre came a continual! Creame 01 currant tbjowgb Mare glaciale, of fucb ftoift* 
 neut as a Colmak tolo bim,tbat if pou caC anp thing tljctcin, u tooule p^efentlp be caritb out of 
 figljt totoaros tlje SSJeff ,?c. 
 
 A teftimonie of the Northcafterne Difcouerie made by the En- 
 glifh } andof the profite that may arilebypurfuing the fame: taken out of 
 
 the iecond volume of Nauigations and Voyages, fol.i 7. of the notable Cofmbgri- 
 pherjMJ^w^r/yF^^sj^WjSecrCtarietoihc State of Vcnice:Wri«en in Italian in 
 the yeere, I 5 5 7. 
 
 Alia parte pot di fottt la nejlra Tramoutana, che chiafctmi fcrittore & Cap 
 
 movrapbo di que fit & depaffati tempi firihoravi ha mejfo.&mette mare cittge- 
 
 lato, dr cbe la terra corra continuamentefinoa 't>o. gradt. verfi ilPolo : fopra 
 
 quefto mappa-mondo all'incontrofivede che la terra va/hlamettte vnpicofoprx 
 
 laNoruega&Suetia, <y voltando corre poi Greco & Leuante nel paefe detU 
 
 Mofcoma & RoJJitt, & va diritto alCataio. Et che ciofiz la tieritaje natuga- 
 
 tioniche hanno fattegl' Ingle ft con le loro ram,veletido andare afcoprire tl Ca. 
 
 iaioal tempo del T^e Odoardo Setto d Inghilterra, qnefii anni pajfati, ue poffmo far vera tefli- 
 
 monianz,a : perche nelmez,z,o del loro viaggio, capitate per firtana a i liti di Mofiouta< done tro- 
 
 uaronaall' horaregnare Giouanni Vafiliuich Imperatore della Rofta & granDucadi MofcouU, 
 
 il quale can molto piacere efrmarauigliavedutogli, fece grandiffime carafe, hmnotrcmto quel 
 
 mare efferenauicabile, efrnon agghiacciato . La qual nauigatione (ancorche conl'ejito fm hora 
 
 vonjiajlata bene iatefa) fi col fpejfo freqmmarla & col lungo vfo $ cognitions tie que" mart 
 
Forren teftimonies. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 n 
 
 fi cof.tinuera, e per fare grandijfima mutations & r'molgimento nelie cofe di quefta noflra par- 
 te delmondo. 
 
 The fame in Englifti. 
 
 MSDjeouer (fjautHgOefoiefpakenofDtuetsjjart'cuIariitc^mmtcrccIlfmspapofPauIus 
 Vcnetus) ontbatpattfubiecttoout j^o^tljpoXc^^cre cucry lu?itcrana CoftnograpljEE 
 oftljeCe aiio of fo?mcr times btthertOjhaue, ami Doe place tlje frozen &ea, anu that the lanD fleet* 
 chetb contimtallp to 9o.tiegrces,totoartis the pole : contrarpUiife, in tijismappe \$ to bee feene, 
 tljattljdantie.rtentietljoncIpalitleabotieNorwayantJ Swethland, aim then turning it fclfe 
 trmoetbaftermrDStovmDsthe^outbeattantibpCatr, into the comurcpofMoicoiiieami 
 Ruflia, arm flretchcthtr.recfipivito Cathay . Snotbat tins' is true, thenauigationstebichthe 
 Ciiglifijmenhaueoflatemaoe^intemmtg to oifcouer Cathay ,mtbettme of Edward the fij;t,kfapj 
 of€nglana,atebcrpfufficterittoitnefle0. iFo? tit t^emiDjs of tl;etr aotage, lighting bp chance 
 topon the coailof Moi'couic (tohcre thep founDtben reigning Iohn Vafiliwich Crnpero? of Kuf- 
 fia,ano great uafcecf Mofcouia, Mjo after he hao,to bis great fcclightanoaomiration, feene the 
 CHglifl) men, entertaineD them toith erreeoing great curteOes) fount) this fea to benauigable, 
 ano not frozen. 
 
 SHbicbnauigationtoCathay," although it be not as 1 pet tfyoughlp fmotoen, pctifttiith often ^fjt great 
 frequenting the fame,amibp long tofcantifenoMcDge of tbofefeas itbeecontinueo, itisiiftc ta ^SStoSSxtm 
 mafeeatoonocrful! change anoreuolution in the Sate of tljig outpartoftljetoojlo. wrwrarefe. 
 
 The teftimonie of Gerardus Mercator i n his lafl: large Mappe of Eu- 
 rope,touching the notable difcoueries of the Englifh, made of Mofcouie 
 
 bytheNotthealt. 
 
 Agnamoccafionemcertamquerationememendandx Enroptt nobis attu- 
 ; lit ceiebcrrima Anglorum per Cronium marc nauigatio : qua; littora Sep- 
 i tentrionaliaFinlappisMofcouicequeiuxtaccelifitursi, mundiquepbgasdi- 
 
 geftahabet . Exa&aetiarnvrbisMofcu«eIatirudoab Anglis cbferuata, in- 
 I tericrum Regiontim emendatius defctibendarum infaliibilem legem prx- 
 'fcripiit: Quibusoblatisadminiculispulchcrrimis, iniquumputaunabularn 
 hanccaftigatioremnon reddere. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Tfyz muff famous! nauigation of the €ngli(b men b? the jftojtheaff fea bath offeree bnto me 
 agreatoccafion.atiocertainesirecttonfojtberefojmattonoftljcmappeofCuropct iDhich 
 fiifcoucrieljathtbcii^ojtbernepartsofFinmarkejLapIandjantiMofcouie.Iaictioutaccojtiingta 
 tljemffeleuattoiianti the quarters ofthctoojto, 9nofttrthct,theerueobferuattonoftheIatituBe 
 of the cttp of Mofco, maoe bp the fojefaio €nglifhmen, hath peetoeo me an infallible rule.fo? the 
 correcting of the fituationof the infant) countries :tohich notable helps being mintflreDtmto me, 
 Slthoughtttmpoumetoerhibitetotbe imo^d tin's Spappe, mojeeractano perfect then hither- 
 to it haclj bene publifhetu 
 
 Another teftimonie of loannes Metellus SequanUs concerning the 
 fame Nauigation and Difcouerie in his Preface prefixed before Ofirius de 
 
 rebus geflis Emamelts Regis Portugallia } wtKien about the yecrc, I 5 74. 
 
 Tneomnis,vnisHirpanis, Oceani maris gloria totaq;;e conccderetur, 
 BvitanniSeptentrionesnouain Mofcouiamnanigatione, ab hinc annis 
 viginti plus minus illufirarunt . Nam bellis Sueticis aMofcouitarum, 
 5£7|h Narua:qucLiuonia?excIuficommercio,iteradiUosOceano,hincNorue- 
 J^/ > ^^^\G/' gis>F'" ma rchia:, Lappia;, Scricfinnia?,Biarrjiia:que; illincGrccnlandia: 
 M^ato* Tgr lictoraprxterue(fti,vItrd Septuage/imumlatitudinis Aquilonarisgradmn 
 ^^^^^fe^T* fibi patefaciunt. QuainnauigationcmBe!gEfio'tea,non fine tamen cum 
 cumijfdeniBrkannis velitations/untfecuti. Eovehuntargentiveterisfragmenta, lineafque 
 veftespropedetiitaSjOmnifquegeiierisminutioresmerceSjadvrumjCukumque corporis ho- 
 
 minum 
 
51+ 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Forren teUimonies, 
 
 minumvcriufquefexus, velutilintea&byffeacingula, perifcelides, crumenas, cultros, & id 
 genus fcxccnta. A Mofchisautempellesomuis generis preriofas adferunt, Scfalmones fali. 
 tos,fumoque duracos. 
 
 The fame in Englifii. 
 
 BiatfcaaanatrtitdetofjoIeglojpofDifconerinjtljc^ceanfea QjouId be arcrttieQ to tfje !§>pa« 
 niarDS,tlje Cnglifbmen about ttuentie pceres paff,bp a neto nautgatton into Mofcouie, oif« 
 toucieDtijeji5o?trjeait partes . jfojtbcpbpreafonoftfoetoarrcs ofSwethland being bJnBercu 
 ftomtbettrafftqueoftbeMofcoukesant) oftheNarueinLiefland, openes apa(Tage fo?t!jem« 
 felues bp tlje ©cean fea,bcpono tbeji^ojt^erne latituoe of 7o*ocgre£S : rjautntj in tbett coutfeon 
 
 tljeonefiDetljecoato Of Norway, FinmarK, Lapland, Scrickfin anD Biarmia : ©n tbe Otbjf 
 
 0De tbecoattof Gronland. ftHrjtcljrjopage t&e Hollanders aftertoatoe entretj into, but not 
 
 toitfcout fotne conflict toitij tbe Cnguib. €ljep carp tbttber oiu plate ano courfe \in* 
 
 nen cIotrj,anrj all kino offmaUSperccrieii3areB,feruingfo?trje apparelling ojf 
 
 men arm toomen, as linnen, anofilke giroles, garters, purfes, kniues, 
 
 ano manp furl) like t(nngs,SlnD tfcep bjtng atoap fremtlje Mof- 
 
 couites, all kinoe cf precious jFurres, ano Salmons 
 
 falteo ano H}itn in tlje fmoke. 
 
 M 
 ■li 
 li 
 
 •n 
 
Thetruejlateof JJeland.Tr2$ic\ues y andDi[couerics. 515 
 
 B 
 
 R E V I S 
 
 COMMENTARIVS 
 
 DE ISLANDIA:QVO 
 
 
 SCRJPTORVM DE HAC 
 
 Infula errores deteguntur, & extraneo- 
 rum quorundamconuitijs,accaIumni/'% 
 
 quibus Iflandis liberius infultarc 
 
 folcnr, occurritur : 
 
 per 
 
 ARNGRIMVM IONAM ISLANDVM. 
 
 SERENISSIMO PRINCIPI AC DOMINO; 
 
 Domino Christiano IIIl. Daniad, NoruegU,Vanda' 
 
 lorum, GotborKm<$,%egi eletlo : Slejmci,Holpttt&,Stor- 
 
 mxria & < DlthmarJi<z Duct : ComitiinOi- 
 
 denbHrg&Delmenhorft: Domino 
 
 fuo clemcncifTioio. 
 
 \R<tctaramfaneapudHiJtoricosmereturlaudem, Serenifi. Prtn- 
 ceps, \-^fnchuri illim Mid* regis fly aufttsptufquam bumanus } 
 ejr inpatriam pie t as, fere exemplo car ens, quod ad occludendum 
 ingentem circa CeUnam Pbrygia oppidumjerrx biatum^quoti* 
 die homines baud cxiguo numero,eir quicquidinpropinqttoerat 3 
 abfirbentem/efi vitro obtulerit , . Cum enim ab oraculo M idas 
 pater accepiffet./ionprius conclufum iri iHam voraginem, quam 
 res eopreciofiftmaimmitterentur : Ancburus exiflimansjiibil 
 
 effe anima pretiofius, fefeviuum initludprofundifiimum chafmapracipitem dedit: idfe 
 
 ttntoanimi cumferuorejvt nequeparentis defiderio, neque dulctfiim* coniugis amplexit 
 
 vellachrymis,abijiopropojito(eretrahipaffitsjit. 
 
 - > $tec inferior em multo confecutifunt gloriam Sperthius ejr Bulls ^Laced&monij , qui ad 
 
 suertendampotentipmi Regis Per (arum Xcrxis, ob occifosa Lacedemonijs Darij patris 
 
 UgtLtos,vltionem^dP.egemprofeclifunt,fjr vt legatorum necem infe,non inpatria vl- 
 
 ctfceretur,erec~Hs &conflantibus anitmsfefe obtulerunt. 
 
 Qu&vero res,Serem]?.Princeps,illos ac alios compluresmouit,vt pairi&fiagrantes amo- 
 rtfiullupro eapericulum, nullas molejlias, imo ne.morte ipfam recufarint^ea profetfo me 
 quoqueimpulit,non quidem,vtquemadmodumilli,mortemfl>onteoppeterem, autme ma' 
 ft nudum vitro offerrem,fedtamen,vt idquodfolumpoffem,ingratiampatri<x tentarem : 
 Hoc -eft-jut fir ip tor urn de ea errores colligerem & rumufculos vanos refellerem ; <^4c its 
 remprofeclopericulofam i & multorumforfattfiniftro qbnoxiam iudicio,aggrederer.. . 
 
 In eopropoftto me etiam Cn. Pompetj exemplum confrmauit : £hfem rei ^umentaria 
 apudRomanos procuratorem,cum mfttmma Vrbisannon&charitate, in Sicilia, Sardinia. 
 &^ricafrumentumcollegi(fet, maiorempatri*, quamfui^ tradunt rationem habuiffe. 
 Cum enim Romam verfus proper are t,e$- ingenti acpericulofa obarta tempefiate, Naucle- 
 restrtpidarc^ necfe ventorum aut maris fauiiU oommittere velle animaduerteret, ipfe 
 ■nauim frimits ingreJfus,anckorast»lliiufiit,in h<tc verba exclamans: Vt nauigemus vr- 
 get neceflicas : vt viuarous,nqn vrgct. Quibus virpriidentiftimusinnuijjevidetur, 
 patri^periclitantismaioremhabendamrationem^qmmpriuata.incolumitatis, 
 Hunc egoficimitor, 
 
 {Si 
 
516 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Mbe trueftate of IJland. 
 
 (Siparna licet componere magnis^& mufcam Elephant o conferre) vt colleclis ac com- 
 port at Is us,quibus adfuccurrendumgentis noftra nomini acfama,apudextraneos,ex ma- 
 le •uolorum quorundam inuidia torn din labor anti vterer ; paucula hac in lucem emitter e^ 
 mequepelago buic quant umuis turbulento committer efintea ventis trader e,cumque iUo 
 exclamare non dubitem : Vt fcribamus,vrget neceffitas: Vt vero fcriptum noftrum, 
 cuiufuisdelicaco palato,vbiq; fatisfaciat,aut om'nem Momi protcruiam effugiat, 
 non \xgct,Inftitutum nteitm compluresprobaturos^erofucceffumforfan non it idem om- 
 nesprobabnnt. Nihilomtnus tamenmaiorem habendam ratknem patriae, mult or um ha- 
 ttenus opprobria ej;- contumcliasfuftinentis,quamftuclaudisftue vituperationu,admeip- 
 fum hincforfan reditur<£,exiftimaba.<>)uidenim coupe. effepotefl,currionulloru odium & 
 inuidetiam,cumhoc patriabenefaciendifeugratificandiftudio forte coniunc7a recu/em? 
 Quedfifcriptorumcrrores liberius notare,fi quorundam calummas durius perftringe. 
 re videbor,eos tamen aquos me habit urum cenfores conftdo, quipaulo ddigentiui animad- 
 uertere volent,quamparum tolerabilesftnt fcriptorum de nostragente errores : quot eti- 
 am tjr quamgraues quorundam in net calumnia, quibus nationene noliram varijs modi's 
 laceftiuere,& ctiamnumlaceffere non deftflunt . Dandumetiam ali quid omnibus conge- 
 nita fill natalis amort est ;Dandum iujlo^ob hancpatrid illataminiuriam,dolori. Ei ego 
 quidem,quantumfieripotuit, vbi^mihi temper aui,ac aconuiti/s abftinere volui: quod ft 
 quidvideatur molhut dicendumfuiffeyidpradicla ratine veniam,fpero,merebttur. 
 
 Cum igitur hac mihifubeunda fit alea,quodomnib < its fcriptum aliquodedituru in mo- 
 re pojitum animaduerto,id mihi hoc tempore folic it e curandum ett : i^empe vtpatronum 
 ejr meccenatem aliquem huic meo commentariolo qu#ram,fub cuius nomine ejr numine, 
 tutius in vulqi manus exeat. 
 
 Earn igitur ad rem nihil poterit coniingere optatius,veftra,cltmentiftime'Princeps,'St- 
 renift.Maieftate:Etenimnosci,quivitamejrfortnnas noflras infuampoteftatem ejrtu- 
 telam accepit,et inquamjtomen quoquegentis noftra innocent er contaminatum , cur a vt 
 ftt^fupplicesrogamus. 
 
 Imo vera, Rex clementiff.nonfolum adhanc rem, S. Maieftatis V. clemens implorare 
 difxiliunPrteceffum habemus \ Sed admulta quoq; alia, qua in nojlrapatria deftderantur t 
 aut qux alioqui ad huius vt Hit at em ejr fa lutem communemJpecJant : qu &fe non per me, 
 fedperfummorum noftra gent is virorum libellosfupplices hoc tempore exponuntur, aut 
 ccrte breui exponent ur. Nihil enim dubitamus qutn S.V. Maieftas, Chriflianifftmorum 
 maiorum exemplo,etiam noftram patriam, inter reliquas imperiffui lnfulas,fua cur a & 
 proteclione regia dignari velit.Tiam qua noflra eft ad S. Makftatem V. confugiendine- 
 eeffitas,ea eft. S. Maieftatis V.in nobis fubletiandis, cur andis&protegendis,gloria:Et ob nu~ 
 tritam extremifere orlis Arttoi ecclefiam,in remotifftmis M.V.imperijfinibus,qua tran- 
 quillitatem ejr tutafingulari Dei benefcio halcpnia habet, pramium, ac repoftta in ccelit 
 immar ceKbilisvit a aterna corona: 
 
 Caterum cum illahuius locinonftntjdquodmei eftpropofiti fubiugo-.ejr a SMaieftate 
 V.ea,quapar eft,animifubmi(fioncpetojvt huic me a opelU ejrftudio in patriam collate fa- 
 uere,ejr patronibenigni effe loco/lementcr dignetur. Quod(uperes~t,Sereni(f.Princeps, 
 Dom.clementiffime,M aieftatem V.fapieritU ejrprudentia, omnium^ adeo vtrtutumhe- 
 roicarum indies increment a fume ntera, adfttmmumimperijfa(ligium,fiwmu4 ille reg- 
 norum,omni(imq\ adeo rerum human arum diJpenfator,Deus opt.max.euehat : Eueclam, 
 omni rerum fwliciffimofitcceffu continue-beet : Beatamquc hoc modo, vtfummum horum ■ 
 regnorum ornamentum,columen,prxfidium, Ec cleft £ clypeum ejr munimen,quam diutif* 
 Jime conferuet:Ac tandem in altera vitajnfolido regni coeleftisgaudio,cumpr.ecipuis ec- 
 clefta Dei nutritiftfyderis ins7ar,illreftremfulgerefaciat.Faxitetiaidem Pater clemen- 
 tif.vt hac vota,quantofapitisjn ampliffmorum Maieftatis Vregnoru ejr Infularumquo- 
 . uis angulo,quotidie repetuntur ac ingeminanturjantb rata magis ejr certiora mane am. 
 Haffai£ I 593. MenicMart. S.'M.V.humiljterfubie£tus: 
 
 &4rngrintHS Ion as Ijlandus. 
 Benigno 
 
Thetrueftateofffland. Traffiques <3c Difcoueries. 517 
 Benigno <?pio Leftorifalutem. 
 
 N lucem exijtcirca annum Chiifti i 561. Hamburgi fostus valdedcfor- 
 mis,pacre quodam Germanico propola: Rhythmi videlicet Germanici, 
 omniumqui vnquam legunturfpurcilTimi & mendaciflimi in "enrcmlf- 
 Jandicam. Nee i'ufticiebat fordrdo Typographo fordidum ilium foetum 
 femel emififie , nifi tertium etiam aut quartum publicaflet , quo videlicec 
 magisinnocentigcntiapudGermanos&Danos,ali6fquevicinospopulos 
 fummam&nunquamdclcndamignominiam,quanrum in ipfo fiat, inureret. Tantum Ty- 
 pography huius odiu fuir,& exreilircka lucriauiditas, EchociniIlaciuicate,quf plurimosan- 
 nos commerciafiia magno fuorura cum lucio in Iflandia cxercuir,impune iech, loacbimus Leo 
 nomcnilfieft, dignuscertequi Leonespafcat. 
 
 Rcperiuntur prxtereamulci alij fcriptores, qui cum miracula naturx, qua; inhac Infu- 
 Jacreduntnrefleplurima 3 &gentis Iflandicje mores acinftituta deienbere fe velle putant,a 
 reipfa & vcrhate prorfusaberrarunr, nautarum fabulas plufquam aniles, & vulgi opiuio- 
 nes vaniflimas fecuti. Hi Scripcores etfinonramfpurca& probrofa reIiquerunr,quamfor- 
 dicfusidc Rhythmifta : multa tamen fun: in illorumfcriptis , quanllos excufare non polTunr, 
 auc prorfus liberare , quo minus innocentcm gentemfuis fcriptis deridendam alijs cxpofu- 
 crint, HscaniinaduertenSjkgenSjexpendenSjiubindenouiSjquilflandorum nomen Six- 
 ftimationemljederentjfcriproribns orris, alienorum laborum fuffuratoribus impudicis, qui 
 etiam non definunt gentem noflram nouis confpurcare mendacijs,le6ioiefque nouamon- 
 ftrorum enumerationc & defcriptionibus fiftis deludere, fatpe oprabam effealiqucm, qui 
 ad errata Hiftoricorum, &aliorum iniquorum cenforum reiponderet,quiquealiquofcrip- 
 to innocentem gentem a tot eonuicijs fi non libcraret, certe aliquo modo apud pios Sc 
 candidosLedoresdefenderet^ Quare hoc tempore Author cram honefto itudiofo, <tArn- 
 grimo lon& P. vt rcuolutisfcriptorum monumentis, qui de Iflandia aiiquid fcripfcrunt, cr- 
 rorcs&mendacia iolidis rationibus detegeret. Ulc etfi primo reludtabatur, vicic tamen de- 
 mum admonitio,am6rque communis pairia:, ita vthunc qualemcunque commentariolum 
 conlcnbcrec , non exvanis vulgi fabulis, fed 8c ex fua &multorum fide dignorum experien^- 
 tia,comprobationibus fumptis, 
 
 We vcro , qui hancremmeo cftaggreiTus inftin&u , viciflim a me fuo quafi iure flagi- 
 tabat, vt in haspagellas, vel tribus faltem verbis prsfarer: exiftimans aiiquid fideivel au» 
 ehoritatis opufculo indeconciliatumiri, Quare vt mentem breuiter exponam : Ego qui- 
 <&m &honeftam &neceflariam quoque operam naualTeeum iucico, qui non modo icrip- 
 torum variasfententiasde rebus ignotisperpendere,& inuicemconferrc, nee non ad verita- 
 tis & experientia: cenfuram exigere : Sed etiam patriam avenenatisquorundamfycophan- 
 tarum morfibus vindicare conatus fit .' iEqimm eft igitur, Leflor optimej vt quicquid hoc eft 
 opufculi , velut fan&iifimo veritatis& patrix amore aduerfus Zoilorum proteruiam tnuni- 
 turn & muniendum excipias. Vale, 
 ■ '-' l 
 
 Cudbrandtu T'horliacus Epifcopus 
 Holenfis in Iflandia, 
 
 yAuthoris adLe&orem. 
 
 IMhttte LeUorfuaitU arte PalUdis, 
 Letlor benigne, humane jmultum candide, 
 Qui cunUa fcis coUisfacn mjfterid: 
 Has videris fi forte quando paginat 
 Non leEtione fte^ dedignabere, 
 Toe, nos tuo cdndori vt h&c committ'tmui 
 £t n'qmtati,fionte ftcnontetrica, 
 TJitltu legas nee ifla quando turbido: 
 Communis vnquam [or tis haudfs immemot, 
 Infirmitas quamnofira nobis contulit, 
 Obnoxius nam non qtiis eji mortalittni 
 Errorib/u n&uisqusfemperplurimis? 
 
 Quod fi din multiimque cogitaueris, 
 Noftris erisconatibuspattlo aquior, 
 Tuts & iflo ritepaUo confutes: 
 Candor e nam quo noflra traBans vtere, 
 Entelegentes rurfasvtenturpari: 
 Sic ipfefemper alteri qua fe certs, 
 ^Aequalitatis lege & bacfient tibi, 
 
 "Degente mult is pradicata ffletndica 
 aAuthoribus quamvis probata maximis, 
 Noftropertclohucuftfevulgo credit a, 
 hicere nobis credimusrefellere, ■ 
 Non vtnotamfcriptoruminm'am nomini, 
 Xx ' Nojlrum 
 
*i8 
 
 The Englilli Voyages,Tbe truejlate of Iflmd. 
 
 Coraratntarij 
 
 duat partes. 
 
 Noflrumfeddnotafrobrofa vindkem: 
 HocMftitHtumiusfyfasf, comprelnttttt 
 Hoc noflra confuetmolexqne comprob<tnt: 
 Hoc digna left a exempla dtniqut ce&iprobant. 
 Ergo fane: nofhis fane cetHtttbus, 
 
 Sis mitts ,wdmgens ©• aqunteii biter % 
 LeRorarteimbutefuam TaBudUf 
 LeUor bemgne^mtce, nttltum candide, 
 Qm cmttafcis colli* jam nyfleria. 
 
 COMMENTARII DE ISLANDIA 
 
 Vcmadmodum in militia caflrenfi, alios nulla iquarationeaddu&oj, 
 fed ambitione, inuidia & auaritia motos, Maids caftra fequi animad- 
 uertimus: Alios vero iuftisdc caufis arma fumerc; vt qui veldo<5hinx 
 coelcftis propaganda aut feruandae ergobellamouenr, vcl aliquo mo- 
 do laceffiti paratamvimac iniuriam repellunt, vel faltemnon laceffiti, 
 propter obfidenrem hoftcm metuinarmiseffe coguntur: Non (ecus A- 
 pollini milirantes : alij animoncquaquam bono , Philofophico feu vcri- 
 usChriftiano,adfcribendumferuntur : puta qui gloria: cupiditate, qui liuorcac odio,quiaf- 
 fedata iguorantia alios fugillanr, vt ipfipotioreshabeantur,nuncinperfbnam,nomenacfa- 
 mamahcuius,nuncingcntemtotamHylumacuentcs, atque impudenter quafi mentiendo, 
 infontem nationem &populoscommacu!antes : Alijvero contra, animo ingenuomultalu- 
 cubrando inuefligant & in luccm cmittunt ; vt qui fcientiam Thcologicam & Philofophtcam 
 fcriptis mandarunt, quiquefuis vigilijsvcterum monumenta nobis explicuerunt : qui quic- 
 qmd in illis obfcurum, imperfeftum, inordinatum animaduerterunt,vfu & cxperientia duce il- 
 luftrarunt.explerunt, ordinarunt : qui mundi hiflorias,bona fide, auernse memorial coniecra- 
 runt : qui linguarum cognitionem ibis indefeffis laboribus iuueiunt: denique qui ahorum in fe 
 iuamuegentem velpatriam,licentiofampetulaniiamrcpiimcic,c3iumnias refellere,& quan- 
 dam quafi vim iniuftampropulfareannixiiunc. 
 
 Et quidem ego.cui literas vix.ac ne vix quidem viderc contigit , omnium qui diuinx Palla- 
 <h' nomen dederunt , longe infimus (vt id ingenue de meatenuitate confitear)facere ccrte non 
 poflum, quinme in illorum aciem conferam,qui gentis fuasmaculam abluerCjVeritatem ipfam 
 afTercre,& conuitiailtium iugum detrccrare ftuduerunt : Maiora ingenio fors denegauit : Id 
 quoquo modo tentare compellit ipfius vcritatis dignitas, & innatus amor patris.quam extra. 
 neos nonnullos falfis rumoribus deformarc , varijs conuittjs, magna cum voluptate profcinde- 
 re,alifsq; nauonibus deridendam propinarc comperimus, Quorum petulantia: occurrere , & 
 crinu'nationesfalfas,dete&isfimulfcriptorumdehaclnfulaeiroribus,apud bonos & corda- 
 tos viros^Nam vulgus fui temper fimile.falfi & vani ccnaciffimunyioneft quod ipercm me ab 
 hacinueterataopinioneabducerepofTe)diIuerehoccommentariolodccreui, 
 
 Etfi autem Illandia multos habet,vt state, ita ingenio & eruditione me longe fuperiores, 
 ideoq; ad hanc caufam patriar fufcipiendam multo magis idoneos : Ego tamen optimi & cla- 
 rilTImi vin,Dom.Gndbra>idi Thorlacij, Epifcopi Holcnlis, apud Iflandos, follicitationibus mo- 
 tus communi cauf2e,pro viribus, nequaquam dceffe volui, turn utarquiffitna: poflulationi ipfi. 
 us parerem, atque amorcm & fludium debitum erga patriamdeclararcm,tum vtreliquosfym. 
 patriotas meos, in bonarumliterarum fcientia foelicius verfatos, atque inrcrumplurimatum 
 cognitionc vlterius progreflbs, ad hoc gentis noftnepatrocinium inuitarem : Tan turn abeft, vt 
 ijs qui idem conabunturjobltaculoeflevoluerim. 
 
 Czterum vt ad tern redeamus, quoniam illi quicunquefunt noflra: gentis obtre£atores,te« 
 itimonio fcripto fe vti ac niti iaftit an t : videndum omnino eft, quidnam de Iilandia, & quam 
 vera fcriptoresprodidcrint,vtfi forte ifti, ahjsinnosdicendi aliquara occafionem dederint, 
 patefac~tis ipforum erronbus(noloenim quid dutius diccre)quam mcrito nos calumnientur,re- 
 liquis planum fiat,Porr6,quamuis vetufhorum quoiundam fcripta de hac Infula, ad vcritatis 
 & experientia? normam exigere non yerear : Tamen nobis eorundem alioqui facra eft memo- 
 ria, reuerenda dignitas , fufpicienda eruditio, laudanda voluntas & in Rcmpub.literariam flu- 
 dium: Nouitijvero,fi qui iiint id genus fcriptores, aut verius pafquilli, cum ijs longe veriora 
 quam fcripfctant,audire & nofle de Iflandia licuerit, fua leuitate 6c ingenio male candido, ni- 
 hil niriinuidiaT&calumniarmaculamlucratiefle videbunmr. 
 
 Arque vt Commentariusbicnofteraliquid ordinis habeat, duo erunt propofita* oratio- 
 nis capita, vnum de Infula, dcincolis alcerum: quantum quidem de his duobus capitibus 
 Scriptprcs qui in noftris manibus yerfantur, annotatum teliquerunt : Quoniam vltra has 
 
 rnetas 
 
 1 
 
Ihetrueftateoflfland. Traffiques 7 &Diicoueries. 5IO 
 
 rnetas vagari, vcl plura quam ha-c ipfa, & qua; hue peninerc videbuntur attingere noJo. Non 
 enimexprofeflbHifloticumvelGeographunn fed difpu;atoremtantumagimus. Itaquc o- PnWpjrtii 
 mifla longiore pnfatione partem primam,qua; eft de fitu, nomine, miraculis, & alijs quibuf- tHajti °- 
 dam adiundlis Infuls,aggrediam ur. 
 
 SECTIO PRIMA. 
 
 Infula Iflandia , qtt&per immenfitmac&teris ficretalonge fit a eft in Oceano t vix^a nauigantibiu 
 agnofcitHrjfrc, 
 
 ETIiha;ctra<5tare,qua;ipfamterram vel illius adiundta feu proprictates concernunt, ad 
 gencem vel incolas a calumniancium morfu vindicandos pariim faciat : tamen id ne- 
 quaquam omittendum videtur . Sed de hisprimum , & quidem prolixuis aliquanto agen- 
 dum eft, vt perfpefto, quam vera dehacrctradaruilli Iflandia; fcriptores , facile inde can- 
 didus Le6tor, in ijsquasdelncolisfcriptareliquerunt, quasque ab illis alij , tanquam Dijs 
 prodentibus,acceperunt,vndefuaingcntem noftiam ludibria depromi aiunt, quantum fi- 
 deimereantur,iudicer 4 
 
 Primum igitur diftantiam Iflandia; a reliquis terris non immenfam efle , nee tantam, 
 quanta vulgo pucatur, fiquis infula; longitudinem Sc latitudinem aliquo modo cocnicam 
 haberet, facile demonftrari poffer. Non enim id alio, quam iftocognofci exaclepofle mo- 
 do exiftimarim, cum nulli dubium fie , quam femper nautarum vel reclifiimus/vt illis videtur 
 curfus aberret. Quare varias authorum de fitu Iflandia; fententias fubiungam,vt inde quiuis de 
 diftantiaid colIigat,quod maxime verifimile videbitur,donccforte aliquando propria cdoctus 
 experientia, meam quoque feutentiam fi non interpouam,tamen adiungarru 
 
 Munfl crus Ifiandiam collocat Longit, ~) Latitud. 
 
 MunfUib.4. 
 Cofmograpb, 
 
 20 
 
 35 1 
 
 5- 
 6, 
 
 o 
 
 4° 
 50 
 
 4° 
 
 46 
 
 68. 
 e?8. 
 
 65. 
 do, 
 64. 
 57* 
 
 &. 
 6 l< 
 
 68. 
 
 69. 
 
 30 
 42 
 
 44 
 20 
 
 ^ Heckelfclpromontoritsm 
 
 25. 
 
 
 «7> 
 
 ^Miidhtrpromontorium 
 
 21. 
 
 20 
 
 65.10 
 
 Ciuitates in ea medtterra- 
 
 
 
 
 ne& (mt 
 
 
 
 
 Holen Epificopalls 
 
 28. 
 
 
 67. JO 
 
 Schalbolten Epificopalis 
 
 22 
 
 
 63. 30 
 
 Reinholdus. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Per Helen Ifi.mdU. 
 
 
 
 62. 
 
 Ioh.Myritius, 
 
 
 , 
 
 > 
 
 TerUMed.IJlandi*. 
 
 
 
 Neander. 
 
 
 
 
 Iflandia tribtu gradibat 
 
 
 
 
 in circhlum vfque Ar~ 
 
 
 
 
 ilicum ab acjuinoclia. 
 
 
 
 
 li excurr it, adeo fieri, %/t 
 
 
 
 
 medtam circuity illefie- 
 
 
 
 
 cet,&c. 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 finb gradtbm fere 
 Gerardus Mercator 
 Gemma Frifius; 
 
 (JWedttsm Iflandia: 
 
 Herfie: 
 
 Thirtes: 
 
 Nadir: 
 
 IacobiZiegleii: 
 
 Lit tut Iflandia Occident. ao. >6j. < 
 
 Cbos promontorium: 22, 
 
 Latin orientate extendttweo. 
 tra Septentrtonem : fir finis 
 extenfionis habet 3 O, 
 
 Latmfeptentrionale contra oc- 
 cidentem extenditttr, (fr fi- 
 nis exten(ionisbabet 28, 
 
 Lateris Occtdentalts defcrip- 
 
 tio. j I 
 
 Ecfi qui (tint prasterea, qui vel in mappis, vel alioqui fuis fcriptis Infula? fitum notarunt, 
 quorum plures fententias referre nihil attinet, cumquoplures habeas .eomagisdiffidentes 
 rcperias, Ego quamuis veiifimilesconiec"turas habeo, cur nulla; citatatde Iflandia; fitu ienten- 
 tia;a(Tentiar,quin potius diucrfum quippiam ab ijs omnibus ftatuam, tamen idipfumindu- 
 bio relinquerc malo,quam quicquam non exploratum fatis affirmarc,donec, vt dixi,forte ali- 
 quando non conietfturam/ed obferuationem & experientiam proptiam afferrelicear. 
 
 Diftantiam ab oftio Albis ad porturalflandif meridionalis Batzende, quidam fcripferat ef- 
 fe circiter400, milliarium : Vnde fi longitudinis differentiam ad meddianum Hamburgcnfem 
 fupputaueris, nullammodopofitamrnlongitudinum habebit illoin loco Iflandia. Ego tei« 
 nis Hamburgenfium nauigationibus docere poffum, feptimo die Hamburgum ex Iflandia per- 
 Uentum effe. Pra;terea etiam, Infula; qux ab ouium multitudine Fireyjar , feu reclius Faarey- 
 jardi6ta;funt,biduin3uigatione,vt&littoraNoruagixdefettadiftan(. Quatridui vero naui- Eidui nauigiti> 
 gationeinGronlandiamhabitabilem, &parifete temporis interuallo , ad prouinciamNor- N ruanf' aa j . 
 uagia; Stad.inter opida Nidrofiam & Bergas fitam pcruenitur, quemadmodum in harum na- («tamT 
 tionum vetuftis codicibus reperimus. 
 
 XX 1 
 
 SECTIO 
 
52o The Englifh Voyages,7 be trueftate of f J eland. 
 
 magnus: & rcli 
 qui, 
 
 SECTIO S E C V N D A. 
 
 Munftnwiplaus In bac,<ef}iuo folftitic,file fgnum Cancri tranfeunte,nox nulla, brumali Solftitio proinde nullus di- 
 es . ItemJ^adtanus. In ea ant em Infula qua longefupra <>/fr8icum circulum in ampliffimo O- 
 ceanoJitaeft,Iflandiabodie difla, & terris congelatimarisproximafluas&VXIgtSST&WXDlvo- 
 cant jmenfes funt plures Jinenoftibus, 
 
 Vllum efle hyemali foIftitiodiem,ideft,tempusquo folfupra horizontem confpicitur 
 in illo tantum lflandia? angulo , fi modo quis eft, fatemur , vbi polus ad integros c^.gra- 
 dus attoIlitur.Holis autem, quateftfedesEpifcopalisBorealisIflandis, fita etiam inangu- 
 ftiflima&profundifTimaconualle, Iatitudoeftcircitergrad, 65,44. min.»vt a. Domino G<f/- 
 ^nWoeiufdemlociEpifcopo accepimus, &illicdiem breuiflimum habemusad minimum 
 duarum horarum.inmeridionali autem Iflandialongiorem,vtexartificumtabulisvidereeft f 
 Vndeconftat nee IflandiamvltraArfticum circulum pofitamefle,necmenfes plures nodlibus 
 in a?ftiuOjVcl diebusin brumali folftitio carerc. 
 
 MonHtrus. 
 
 Sj.mi. 
 
 SnthnJu. 
 
 874 
 
 
 n; 
 
 Glades Aptili 
 lucMaioioluiiur 
 
 SECTIO TERTIA, 
 
 Nomen babct a gtacie qua Mi perpetuoad'Boreamadhttret.ltem. « A latere Occident alt NorUA' 
 gi£ Infula, qua Glacialis dtcitwjnagno circumfufa Oceano reperitur, obfoletaadmodum habi- 
 tations tellus^c.ItemyHaceJiTbyle/tulltveterumnon celebrata, 
 
 NOmenbabctk glacie) Tria nomina confequenterfortitaeft Iflandia* Nam qui omnium 
 piimus eiusinuentor fuifle creditur Naddocus genere Noruagus,cu verfus infulas Faren- 
 fes natiigarct tepeftate valida, ad littora lilandise Orientalis forte appulit : vbi cum fuiflet ali- 
 quot feptimanas cum focijs commoratus, animaduertitimmodicamniuium copiam, mon- 
 tiumquorundam cacumina obtegentem ,atqueideo aniuenomenlnfulseiWrftf^indidir* 
 Hunc fecutus alter, Gardarus , famaquam delflandia A7Wa(fl««attuleratimpulfus, Infulam 
 quarfitum abijt, repent , & nomen de fuo nomine Gardarsholme id eft, Gardars Infula impo- 
 litic, Quin & plures nouam terram vifendi cupido incefllt : nam & poft illos duos adhuc tertius 
 quidam Noruagus(¥\dk\ nomen habuit)contulitfe in lflandiam,illiq; a glacie qua viderat ip- 
 famcingi nomen fecit* 
 
 Obfolcta admodum) Ego ex iftis vetbis Saxonis banc fententiam nequaquameruo,vt qui- 
 dam.quod inde ab initio habitatam efle Iflandiam, feu vc verbo dicam, Iflandos auco&honas 
 dicat,cum conftet vix ante annos 71 8. incolicceptam. 
 
 Hacefl Tbyle ) Grammacicl certant& adhuc fubiudice lis eft. Quamtamen facile dirimi 
 pofle crediderim, fi quis animaduertat, circa annum Domini 874 primum fuifle inhabitatam* 
 Nifi quis dicercvelit Thulen ilium AcgyptiRegem, quern hocipfi nomen dedifle putant, ad 
 Infulam iam tumincultam Stinhabitatampenetrafle. Illudvero rurfus fi quis neget, per me 
 fanelicebit,vt il1udfitquoddamquafifpe£taculum,dumitaincontrariasfcindunturfententi« 
 as. Vnus affirmat efle Iflandiam . Alter quandam infulam,vbiarbores bis in anno fruitificanr, 
 Tertius vnam exOrcadibus, fiue vltimam inditione Scoti,vt IoannesLMyrititiiQ-alij,aui nc- 
 men illiusreferuntT^/f»/fVjquod etiam Virgiliuspci fuam vltimam Thylen fenfiflevidctur. 
 Siquidem ultra Britannos.quo nomine Anglihodiedi£H&Scotiveniunt,nullos populosfta- 
 tueret. Quod vel ex illo ^/rj-i/^EcIog.i.apparet, 
 
 Et penttas totodiutfos orbe Britannos. QuartusvnamexFarcnfibus.Quintus Telemarchiarn 
 TVora^w.SextusSchrichfinniam. 
 
 Perpetuo adBoreamadh<cret.)l\\udvcib,Glaciem Infula perpetuo, vel vt paulo poft aflerit 
 Adwiflerus: OBo continuis men(!bus adbarere vneuttum verumeft. Nam vtplurimuminmenfe 
 ApriliaucMaiofoIuitur,&Occidentem verfus propellitur,necame Ianuarium aut Februa- 
 rium fepiflime etiam tardiusredit. Quid? quodplurimos annos numerare licet, quibusgla- 
 ciem illam huius nationisimmite fiagellum,nevideritquidemlflandia : Quod etiam hoc 
 anno 1 5 9 2.compertum eft, Vnde conftat quam vere iFrifo{criptumfit,nauigatioxemad 
 banc infulam tantum quadrimeslrem patere,propter glaciem &frigora, quibusintcrcludaturiter, 
 Cum Anglican naues quotannis nunc in Martio,nuncin Apnli,quxdaminMaio,Germano- 
 rum & Danorumin Maio&lunio,pla:rumque ad nosredeant,&harum quidam non ante 
 Auguftum iterum hinc fbluant, Superiore autem anno 1 $9 1 . quidam nauis Gcrmanica, cu- 
 proonufta,portumIflandia;VopnafiordT4. diescirciterinNoucmbrioccupauitjquibuslap- 
 fisindefceliciterfoluit.QuarecumglaciesIilandiijnecperpetuOjncqueoitomenfibusadha;- 
 tezt^JHunJlerus & FW/Swrnanifeftefalluntur, 
 
 SECTIO 
 
7 be trueftate ofljland. Traffiques,& Difcoueries. 
 
 521 
 
 S E C T I O CLV ARTA, 
 Tamgrandii Infula, ■vtpopulosmultos contineat.Item^ieglerw^Sittts Infuh extenditttr inter an. Kiantios. 
 ftrum & bore am ducentorum prope Scbznarum longitudtne. MunHcms. 
 
 GRaniis.) Wilftenius quidam, rcftor Schoke Oldenbvrgensis Anno I 5 9 1. 
 ad auunculum ratum in Iflandia Occidental mint brcuem commentarium, quern ex 
 fcriptorumrapfodijsdc Iflandia collegerat, Vbi fie reperinius : Iflandia duplo mator Sicilia, 
 &c. Sicilia autem fecundum iMunslerum 150. miliaria Germanica inambitu habet, No- 
 ftrarvcro Infula: ambitus etfi nobis non eft exa&ecognitus, tamen vetus &conftans opinio, 
 &apudnoftratesrecepta 144, milliarianumeratperduodecim videlicet promontorialflan- Magnftu* 
 disinfigniora, qua: fingula 12, inter femilliaribus diftent,aut circiter,qua: collc&apfa:- MaSdi*. 
 diclamfummamoftendunt. . 
 
 1>opulosmultos)Gjferusqui<izm,chcz annum Domini 1090. Epifcopus Schalho/terfs'in 
 Iflandia, omnes Infula: colonos feurufticosquitantas facultates pofTiderent,vtregi tribucum 
 foluere tenerentur(reliquis pauperibus cumfceminis& promifcuovulgoomi(Tis)luftraricu- 
 rauit, repericque in parte Infula: Orientali 700, meridional! 1 000, Occidentah 1 1 00, Aquilo- 
 nati 1200. Summa 4000. colonorum tributa fbluentium, lam fi quis expei iatui-j inueniet In- 
 (ulam plus dimidio ruiflc inhabitatain, 
 
 S E C T I O Q_V I N T A. 
 
 Infula multafut parte mont oft eft &inculta. Qua parte autemplanaeftprnftatplurimum pabulo, Munft.Frifius, 
 tamUto, vtpecus depellatur apafcuis, ne ab aruinafuffocetur, Zfegicr. 
 
 I 
 
 D furfocationispericulumnulloteftirnonio,necnoftranec patrum noftrorum , vel quatn 
 longe retro numeraris,memoriaconfirmari poteft, 
 
 SECTIO SEXTA. 
 
 Sunt in hac Infula montesel.itiinccelum i quorum vertices perpetua niue candent, radices fern. £J"^ - 
 piterno igne aftuant « Primus Occident em vcrftts eft , qui vocatur Hecla , alter Crufis, tertita 
 Helga. Item Zieglerus. "Rupesftuepromontorium Hecla ttftuans perpetuisignibtu.ItemSaxo. 
 In bac it idem Infula mons eft, qui rupem fideream perpetuajlagrationis afttbm imitauts } incen • 
 dia fempiterna iugiftammarum eruftatione continuat. 
 
 MIracula Iflandia: t^Munfterttt & Frifiut narraturimoxin veftibulo, magnofuocumin- 
 commodo impingunt. Nam quod hie de monte Hecla aflerunt, etti aliquam habet ve- 
 ritatis fpeciem , tamen quod idem de duobus alijs montibus perpetuo igne seftuantibus di- 
 cunt,manifefte erroncum eft, 111 1 enimin Iflandia nonextant,nec quicquam,quodhuic tanto 
 fcriptorum errori occafioncm dederir,imaginari poffumus. Facia tamen eft, fed nunc demum 
 Annoi58i.exmontequodam auftralis Iflandia;, maritimo, perpetuis niuibus& glacieob- 
 dufto memorabilis fumi ac flamma: cruptio, magna faxorum ac cineris copia eieda . Cav 
 terum ille mons longe eft abhistribuSjquosauthorescommemorantjdiuerfiftimus. Porro 
 etfi ha:c de montibus ignitis maxime vera narrarenc, an non naturaliter ifta contingerent ? An 
 adextruendam illam, qua: mox in (^tunUero,Zieglero & Frifto fequitur, de orco Iflandi- 
 coopinionem aliquid faciunt ? Ego fane nefas efleduco , his vel firailibus naturx miracu- 
 lisababfurdaaflerendaabuti, vel ha:c tanquam impoffibilia cum quadam impietate mira- 
 ri. Quafivero non concurrantin huiufmodiincendijscaufkadhanc rem fatis valida:. Eft 
 in horum montium radicibus materia vri aptifllma , nempe fulphurea & bituminofa , Acce- 
 dit aer per poros accauernasin terrsvifcera ingreflus, ac ilium maximi incendij fomicem 
 exfufflans vnacumnitro, quaexfufflatione tanquam follibus quibufdam, ardentiffima ex- 
 citaur flamma. Habet fiquidem ignis, his ita conenientibus , qua: tria ad vrendum funt 
 neceffaria , materiam fcilicet , motum , & tandem penetrandi facultatem : Materiam quidem 
 pinguem & humidam ideoque flatnmas dimurnas alentem : Motum pra:ftat per terra: ca- 
 ucrnas admifliis aer: Penetrandi facultatem facitignis vis inuicla, finerefpiraculoeflenef- 
 eientis , & incredibili conatu violenter erumpentis, atque ita (non fecus ac in cuniculis 
 machinifiie feu tormentis bellicis, globi e ferro maximi, magno cum fragoie ac ftrepi- 
 tu , a fulphure&nitro, equibuspyriuspuluisconficitur,excitato,eijciuntur)lapidcs &Sa- 
 xain iftavoragineignita,ceuquodamcamino,colliquefac"ta cumimmodica arena: &cine-. 
 rum copia, exfpuentis & eiaculantis , idque vt plurimum, non fine terrcmotu : qui fi fecundum 
 profunditatem terra: fiat , fuccuffio a Poffidoneo appellatur , vel hiatus erit , vel pulfus. 
 
 Xx 3 Hiatu 
 
 
I 
 
 III 
 
 52Z 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,T/^ true fiate of f /eland. 
 
 Cardanus. 
 
 tib.i.ap.io. Hiatu terra dehifcit : pulfu eleuacur imumeicens, & nonunquam, vc inquic Pliniui, moles mag. 
 nas egerit: Cuiufmodi terrsmotus iam mencionem fccimus,maritimalflandi£e Auftralis An- 
 no i j 8 1 infeftantis, quique a Pontano his verbis fckiflime defcribitur. 
 
 Ergo incerttt ferens raptim veftigia , anhelus 
 
 Sptritusincur fat, nunc hue, nuncpercitusiUuc, 
 
 Exploratque abituminjifiens ,&Jingnla tentat, 
 
 Si qua. forte que at viElis erttmpcrc claufiris. 
 
 lntcrcatrcmit ingentemfaftura ruinam 
 
 Terra ,fuis quotient /at as cummmnibus vrbes: 
 
 c Difftliunt ami fa iugis msmania faxa, &c. 
 Hsec addere libuic , non quod cuiquam hsec ignota efle exiftimemus ; Sed nc nos alij igno» 
 rare credant,atque ideo ad fuas fabulas , quas hinc exftruunt, confugere velle, 
 
 CoEterum video quid etiamnum admirationcm non exiguam fcriptoribus moueat, in his, 
 quos jgnorantcr fingunt, tribus Iflandia: montibus, videlicet cum eorum bafin Temper ardcre 
 dicant,fummitates tamen nunquaniue careant.Porroid admirari,eftpr2terauthoritatem ta- 
 torumvirorum, quibusyEtn5incendiumoptimenotumerat^qui ) cumfecundumP//w»why- 
 bernis temporibus niualis fit,no£hbus tamen,eodem tefte,fempcr ardet.Quare etiam iccundu 
 illoSjille mons, cum adhuc niuium copia obducitur, & tamen ardeat, fordidarum animatum 
 quoque erit receptaculum:id quod Heels propter niues in fummo vertice & bafin seftuantem, 
 adferibere non dubitarunt.Vix autem mirum efle poteft, quod ignis mon tis radicibus latensj& 
 nunqua,nifi rariffime erumpens,excelfa montis cacumina,qu2 niuibus obducuntur, non colli. 
 quefaciat.Nam & in fW/y^altiflimamontiscacumina niuibus Temper cadentia efle perhiben- 
 tur:&in£«v?£/Mquidernfimilitcr,fed 5000 pafluum in ccelumelata,qua: niuibus nunquamli. 
 berentur,cum tamen partibus tantum decern ab a:quatore diftenr. Vtramq; banc prouinciam 
 iuxtaPariam efle fitamaccepimus.Quid?quod lllaTenenffe (qua: una eft ex infulis Canarijs, 
 qua: & Foitunata:)pyramis,fecundum Munftertimfi aut 9 milliarium Germanicorum alticudi- 
 ne in aera aflurgens.atq; inftar Aetna: iugiter conflagrans, niues, quibus media cingitur,tefte 
 ^wxffwIcalOjlndizoccidentalisHifloricOjnoniefoluit.QuodipfuminnoftraHeclaquideft, 
 quod magis miremur? Atque ha:c ita breuiter de incendiis montanis. 
 
 Nunc illud qnoq; caftigandum arbitramur,quod hos montes in ccelum vfq; attolli (cribano 
 Habcntenim nulla pra: ceteris IflandixmontibusnotabilemaltitudinemrPrscipuetertiusillc 
 Helgaa Af«»y?if/'oappellatus J nobisHelgafel.i»Saccrmons 3 apudmona(tcriumeiurdenomi- 
 nis,nuIlafuiparcetempore x ftiuo niuibus obdu£Uis,necmontisexceIfi/edpotiuscollishumils 
 nomen meretur,nunqua,vt initio huitis fcclionis dixi,de ineendio fufpeitus.Nec vero perpetug 
 niues Heclas.velpaucisalijsadfcribidebebanttPermuItosenimhabeteiufmodimotes niuofos 
 Iflandia, quos omnes vel toto anno,non facile collegerit aut connumerarit,horum pra:dicator 
 &admiratorCoimographus« Quin etiam id non ngligendum, quod mons Hecla nonocci- 
 dcntcm verfus, vt a Mmfiero & Z«g/<r* annotatum eft, fed inter meridiem &orientempo- 
 litus fit. Nee promontoiium eft: fed mons fere mediterraneus, 
 
 Incendiaperpetua iugt ,&c.Quicunq; perpetuam flammatum eructationem Hecla: adferipfe- 
 Annales iflanJic. runt.toto ccelo errarunt,adeo,vc quoties flammas eru£tarit,noftrates in annates retulerint, v'a t 
 '' anno Chrifti 1 104.1157,1 222,1 300.1 541. 1 ?6i,& 13 8o,NequeenimabilIodemontis in- 
 eendio audirelicuit,vfque ad annum 1 558. qua: vltimafuit inillomonteeruptio.Intereanon 
 nego,fieri pofle,quin mons inferne latentesintus flammas & incendia alat, qua? videlicet fta- 
 tis inceruallis,Yt haclenus annotatum eft,eruperint,aut etiam forte pofthac erumpant. 
 
 SECTIO SEPTIMA. 
 
 Fii(ius.Munfl. tJMontisUech flamma necfiuppam lucernarum lumintbus apti/fimam admit , neque aqua ex- 
 imguitur : Eoque impctu,quoapudnosmachinis bellicis , globi eijctuntur, illinc lapidts magnt 
 in aera emittuntur ,exfrigorU & ignis & fulphuris commtxtione . Is locusaquibufdamputa- 
 tur career fordidarnm ammarumjtem Zieglerus . Is locus eft career fordidarum animarum. 
 
 NEcfiuppamadurit.) Vnde habeant Scriptores, non fatis conijeitur. Hax cnim noftris ho- 
 minibus prorfus ignota,nec hie vnquam,nifi prodidiflent illi,audita fuiflent, Nemo enim 
 eft apud nos tarn temeraria: curiofitatis,vt huius rei penculum,ardente monte/acere aufit, vel 
 quod fcire licuit,vnqua aufus fuerir.Quod tamen Munflerus a fferit. Qui jnquit, naturam tanti 
 incendij comeplari cupimt,& ob id admontempropius accedmt, eos vna aliquavorago viuos ab- 
 forbet,&c t Qua: res, vtdixi, noftra: genti eft ignota prorfus. Exftat tamen liber veteriNor- 
 uagorum lingua fcriptus, in quo tcrrarum,aquarum, ignis, aeris,&c» miracula aliquot con- 
 
 fufa 
 
Ihetrueflateoflfland. Traffiques,&Difcouenes. ^ 
 
 fufarepenas,paucavera,plunn!avana &falfa. Vnde facile apparct.a Sophis quibuldam, ii 
 
 dijs placet, in Papatu dim eiTe confcripturn : Speculum legale nomen dederunt, propter specuiumRtgsle 
 
 vaniffima mendacia, quibus totus , fed plsrumque fub religionis & pietatis prstextu (quo 
 
 difficilius eft fucum agnofccre) fcatet fpeculum minime regale,fed Amle & Irregultire , In 
 
 hoc fpeculo figmenta qusdam de Heels incendio, his qus nunc tradlamus non multum 
 
 diffimilia, habentur, nullo experimento magis quam hsc ftabilita,ide6que explodenda. 
 
 Csterumneaudaculusvidear, qui fpeculum illud Regale mendacij accufem ; nullum ve- 
 ro ex his qug minus credibilia affert,recenfeamj Accipe horum pauca Leftor,qus fidem miui- 
 me mereri exiftimarim. 
 
 I De quadam Infula Hybernis; qus templum & Parochiam habet : Cuiusincols dece- 
 dentes non inhumantur : fed ad aggerem feu-panetem ccemeterij,viuor urn inflar erecii,confi- 
 ftunt perpetuo : Nee vlli corruption!, nee ruins, obnoxij : vt pofterum quiuis fuos maiores ibi 
 qusrere & confpicerc poflit. 
 
 a De altera Hybernis Infula, vbi homines emori nequeanr. 
 
 5 De omni terra & omnibus arboribus Hybernis,qus omnibus omnino venenis refiftanr, 
 ferpentesfic alia venenata, vbiuis rerrarum , fold virtute &prsfentia, etiam fine contacftu, 
 enecent, 
 
 4 De tenia Hybernis Infula : Quod hscdimidiaDiabolorum colonia facia fit. Indimi. 
 diam vero propter templum ibidem exftru<5tum,iuris habeant nihil,licet &paftorc (vt tota In- 
 fula incolis ) & facris perpetuo careat : idque per naturam ita effe, 
 
 5 De quarta Hybernis Infula,qus inlacuquodam fatisvafio fluitet: cuius gramina,qui- 
 bu!uismorbisprslenti(ilmumremediumexiftant : Infulavero ripamlacus ftatis temponbus 
 accedat,idquevtplurimum,diebusDoininicis, vt turn quiuis facile earn velutinauimquan- 
 dam ,ingrediatur : idquodtamen pluribus fimul,pcrfatumlicere negat, Hanc verolnfulam 
 feptimo quoque anno rips adnafci tradit,vc a continente non difcernas : In eius airtem locum 
 moxfuccedere alteram,priori,natura,magnitudine & viitute confimilem:qus vndeveniar, 
 nefciri : idque cum quodam quafi tonitru contingere. 
 
 6 De venatoribusNoruegis.qui lignum domare (fie enim loquitur, quantumuisimpro- 
 prie : cum ligno vt non vita,ita nee domitura competat ) adeo dodti fint, vt afleres 8.vlnas lon- 
 gi,plantis pedum eorundem alligati,tanta eos celeritate, vel in excelfis montibus, promoue- 
 ant,vtnonmod6canumvenaticorum,autcaprearurncurfu,fedetiam auium volacu fuperari 
 nequeant : atque vnico curfu,vnico etiam halls ictu, nouem vel plures capreas feriant, Hsc 
 
 & fimilia, de Hybernia,Nor vegia, Iflandia,Gronlandia,de aqus & aeris etiam miraculis,cen- Groniandu, 
 tonum ille magiflcr,in fuum fpeculum collegic : Quibus,Iicet fuis admirationem,vulgo fiupo- 
 iem,nobis tamen rifum concitauir, 
 
 SedFrifiumaudiamus, Fldmmaj\nc\\.\\t,<^MontisHecUnecftuppamJucernamluminibusap- 
 tifimam,adurit,necaquxextinguitur. Atqui,inquam,exScholaveftraPhilofophicapetitisra- 
 tionibus hoc Paradoxon confirmari poterir. Docent enim Phyfici, commune effe validioribits 
 fiammis omnibus vtjiccis extinguantur^alanturvero humidis :Vnde etiam fabri, aquain$erfa,'tg- 
 nem excitare folent. Cum emm,aiunt,ardentior fuerit ignij,afiigido incitatur,& ab humido alttur t 
 quorum vtrumq^aqua trie ft. Item: Aqua [olet vehement es accendere ignes : Quoniam humidum 
 tpfum quod exbalatj>inguius redditur, nee a circumfufofumo abfumitur , fed topum ignis ipfe depaf- 
 citur, quopurior indefaclus, acJ!mulcolleBus,afrigidoalacrior inde redditur. Vnde etiam ignes ar~ 
 tificioji aqua minimi exttnguibi/es. Item : Stmt fulphure & bitumine loca abundant ia, qu£Jponte ar- 
 dent, quorum fiamma aqua minimi extinguitur, Prodidit etiam Philofophus , zAqua ali ignem. 
 Arift.j.deanim. EtPlin.lib.2,Nat.Hiftor.cap, no. EtStrabolib.7, In Njmph&oexit'e Pe- 
 iraflamma,queaquaaccenditur. ldem,Viret aternum contexens fontem igmum fraxinus. Quin 
 &repentinos ignes inaquisexiftere, vt Thrafumenum lacum in agro Perufino arfiffe toium, 
 idemautor eft, Et anno I2 26,& 1 2j6 t nonproculapromontorio lflandisReykianes,flam- Chwnicalflandis 
 maexjpfomarierupit. Etiam in corporibus humanis repentinos ignes emicuuTe, vt Seruio 
 Tullio dormicnti,e capite flammam exfilijfTe : Et L.Martium in Hifpania,interfeftis Scipioni- 
 bus, concionem feu orationem ad milites habentem,atque ad vltionem exhortantem, confla- 
 grafie,Valeritis Antias narrat, Meminit etiam Pliniusflammsmontans, qusvt aquaaccen- 
 datur,ita terra autfeenoextinguatur. Item, Alterius campefiris,quefrondem denfifuprafene- 
 moris non adurat. Qus cum ita fint,mirum,homincs id in fola Hecla rnirari(ponam enim iam 
 ita eflCjCutnnonfit tamen, quodaquoquam fcire potueriin) quodmultis aliarum terraium 
 partibus feu locis, tam montanis,quam campeftribus, cum ea commune effet. 
 
 Eoimpetu quoapudnosglobi. Sic enim Munfterus. Monsipfe cum furitjnquitjoorribiliatoni- F«fii»> 
 trua infinat,proijc>t ingentiaSaxa, fulpbur euomitfineribusegeftisjam longe terramcircumchrcn. 
 , . vperit } 
 
524. The Englifh Voyages,'/ he truefiate of f /eland. 
 
 Mtinfarus CoP 
 inograph.vnmer 
 fal.lib.I.up.7. 
 
 eperityVt advtcefimumlaptdemcoltnonpojfit,&c. Csterum oportuit potiuscum /Etna, aut 
 a'.ijs montibus flammiuomiSj quos mox recitabo, comparaffe,cum non deeffet, non modo fi. 
 mile/ed prope idem : Nifi forte quod incendiarariusexHedaerumpant,quain alijs id genus 
 montibus. Nam proximis 3 4.annis prorfus quieuit,fac~ta videlicet vltima eruptione,An, 1 558 
 vtfuperiusannotauimus.Et nihil tam magnified dici poteftde noftra Hecla, quinidem,vel 
 maius casteris montibus flammiuomis competat.vt mox apparc b 1 1, Quod vero iulphur eiacu- 
 Je:ur,manifeftum eft commcntumjnullo experimento apud noftrates cognuura. 
 
 Islocitseft career firdtdarumammarttmHic prasfandum efie miht video, atquc veniam a Le- 
 ctore pctendam, quod,cum initio propofueriin.de terra & incolis diuifim agere, in hac prima 
 parte tameiijqusfuntmerito fecunda:partis,mifcerecogar. Euenichocfcriptorumculpa,qui 
 Inluli'iituiac miraculis, religionisincolarum particuhm banc, deopinioneinfernalis caree- 
 ns , confudcrunt. Quare etiamvthunc locum attingamus,quis non mireturifthoccommen- 
 tum ab homine cordato in Hiftoria politum efie? Quis non miretur.viros fapientes co perdu- 
 ci, vthsc vulgi deliramentaaufculteut, nedum fequantur? Vulgusenim cxtraneorum &ho- 
 minumcolluuies nautica, (hie enim faniores omnes,taminter nautas quam reIiquos,excipio,) 
 dehoc infolito naturae miraculo audiens, ingenito ftuporc ad iftam, de carcerc animarum, 
 iuiaginationem fertur:Siquidcmincendio nullamfubfterni materiamvidet,quemadmodum 
 in domefticisfocis fieri confueuit. Atquehacpeifuafionevulgi famiinoleuit,dutn(vtadnia- 
 leditta optime aflucfa&um eft ) vnus alteri huius montis incendium imprecarur. Quafi veto 
 ignis elemcncaris & materiatus ac vifibilis, animas, i.fubftantias fpirituales comburat. Quis 
 denique non miretur, cur cundem carcere damnatorum, non in /Etna etiam, nihilo minus ig- 
 nibuiacincendijscelebrijConfingani? Atconfinxit,dices,GregoriusPonrifex. Purgatorium 
 jgitureft.Sit fane: Eademigitur huius carcerisveritas,qua?&purgatorij,Scdpriufqualongius 
 procedannis,libet hie referrefabulam perlepidam, hums cpimonisinfernalis originem&fun- 
 damentum ,-Nempe cuidamextraneorum naui l{landiamrelinquenti,&turgidisvelis,citi(Ii- 
 mocurfu iter fuum recH legend, faclamobuiam alteram, (imiliter impigrocurfu, fed contra 
 vim tempeftatum,velis & remis n':tentem:cuius pra:feftus rogatus,quinam cflent? Refpondif- 
 fefertur:DeBtfcIjD«i)anTI5?cni£n. Iterum rogatus quo tenderent? ait. %\pm Cpecfcelfeltt 
 tljO, f£Ijom IpccMfCluttyO. Ha:c vidciis Le6tor vereor.ne peluim poflulct darircft enim men- 
 dacium adeodeteftandum,vt facile nauleampariat.Abeatigitur ad Cynofarges &ranaspalu- 
 ftres.-illudenimeiufdefacimus atq;illarucoax,coax, Nee vero dignum efthoccommentum, 
 quod ridcatur,nedum refutetur.Sed nolo cum mfanisPapiftisnugari.-Quinpotius ad fcripto- 
 res noftros conuertamur. 
 
 Atqueinprimis nequeohic.clariiTlmivirijD.CsiparisPeucerijilludpraterire.^/w^w^, 
 \n(\\i\i,mo»sHecla,quiimr>ianisbaratbri,velinfernipotmsprof(inditateterribili5, eittlantiummifc 
 rdbtli&lamentabtltploratuperfonat } vtvocesploramtHmcircumquag 3 ,adinterttallumtnagmmilli- 
 aris^audiantar. Circtimuolttant httnc coruorum gr valturum nigerrima agmina, qttx nidulari ibide 
 ab incolis exiflimantur. Valgus incolarum defcenfum ejfeper voraginem illam adinferos perfuafum 
 habet : Inde,cumpralia committmiur altbi in quacunq^ parte orbit terrarum^attt c tides fiunt cruen- 
 t&)CommouerihorrendoscircHmcircatumnkm,&excitariclamores,at<^ci}ilattisingentesloHgaex- 
 pcrientiadidicermt. Quisverorem tam incredibilem ad te vir doctiftime perferrc aufusfuit? 
 Nee enim vultures habet Iflandia, fed genus aquilarum fecundum , quodabalbicantecauda 
 PliniusnotauiCj&Pyoarfumappellauit. Nee vlli funt huius fpe&aculi apud nosteftes: Nee 
 deniq; ibidem coruos aut aquilas nidificare probabile eft, qus,igm & fumo femper inimicifli- 
 mo, potiusafocisvelincendijsarceantur, Et nihilominus in huius rei tcftimonium/i'/e^' ex.. 
 aaditi pcrvoragiKemnjontistamtt/tmextranei JcxpetieMhmincohtmnallegint,quzceviecoa" 
 traria omnia teftarur, Vnde vero foramen vel feneftra ilia montana,per quam c!amores,ftrepi- 
 tus&tumultusapudantipodes,peri£ecos& antxeos faclosexaudiremus? Dequaremultaef- 
 fent,qu£authoremiftiusmcndacijinterrogatumhaberem, modo quid deillo nobis confta- 
 ret : qui vtinam venora narrarc difcat, nee tam perfricta frontc fimiliajincomperta, atq; adeo 
 incrcdibilia, clariffimo viro Peucero,aut alijsreferrepraefumar. 
 
 Aft vero Munfterus cum inaendij tanti & tam incredilis cauflas in famofiflima /Etna iuue- 
 ftigareconatusfit,quam rem illicnaturalemfacitjhic vero prxternaturaleimo infernalem fa- 
 ciar,an non monflri fimile eft? Czterum de /Ethna quid dico? Quin potius videamus quid de 
 Heclarincendio alias feniiat Munfterus. 
 
 ~Dubinmnoneft^mopM,montcs olim&campos arjtjfe inarbe terramm: Et nollracjuidtmatate 
 ardent. Verbi gratia-.Inlflandtamont Heclaflatis temporibusforas proijCitingentiaSaxa, euomit 
 ftdpbur fpargitcineret,tam longe circumcircajvt terra advicefimum lapidem coli nonpojfit.Vbi au- 
 Ummontmincendiaperpetuaftint^tnteUigimfts nullamejfe obftruclioncmmetttmm, per quos modo, 
 
 qnafi 
 
^betruefiateoflfland, Traffiques,<3cDifcouenes. -525 
 
 quafifuuium quendam,ignes,mod'oflammas,nuncverofumumtanti<m euomunt. Sin per temp'orum 
 interuaila increfcuntjnternis meattbus obt watts, eius vfcera nihtlominus ardent. Superior is am em 
 partis incendia,propterfoff3itis inop'tam,non nihil remittunt ad tempus, Aft vbifpiritus vebementior 
 ru-rfusrecluftsmeatibusijfdemvelalijS t excarceremagnavieru>Kpit,cineres^arenam,fulpbur,mmt. 
 ces y majfas,qu&habentfpeciemferri,faxaMiaf%materia*fora4proijCtt,plerun(^nonfwedetrimcn- 
 toregtonuadiacentis. Hsec Munftcrus. Vbi videas quxfo Lector, quomodo iuofe iuoulct ola* 
 diojvideas inquam hie eadem de incendioHcclse & AEtna: opinioncm & fententiarn, qua; ta- 
 men lib.4.eiufdem,admodum eft difpar,vt illic ad caufas infernales confugiat. 
 
 Habecprofe&olndi^ occidentals monsquidamflammiuomus arquiorcsmulto.quamhic 
 nofter,cenlbres &hiftoncos,minime illic barathrum exxdificantes : Cuius hiftoriam, quia & 
 breuis eft,& non illepida,fubijciam,ab Hieronimo Bcnzone Italo in Hiftoriar.noui oibisjlib.2, 
 his verbis defcriptam. 
 
 Trigintaquin^mayM ,milliariuminteruallo abefl Legione monsfammiuomus ,quiper ingentem 
 crater em tantos fspeflammarumglobos cruttat, Vt nottu lattjfimh vltra 10000. pafjuum incendia re~ 
 luceant. Nonnullvs fuit opinio jntus ItqtiefaRum aurum ejfe,perpetuam ignibus mater tarn. Itaq D o. 
 minicanus quidtm monachusfium ems reipericulum facer e vellet, ahenum & catenam ferrea mfa- 
 bricari curat, moxq 3 in montis iugum cum quatuor alijs Hijpanis afcendens, catenam cum aheno ad 
 centum quadraginta vlnas in caminum demit tit. Ibi ignis feruore } ahenum cum parte cat ens. liquefa- 
 Uum eft. Monacbus non leuiter irattts Legtonem recurrit,fabrum incufat,quod catenam tenuiorem 
 multo.quam iujfijfei ipfe,ejfet fabricatus. Faber aliammulto crajjiorem excudit. Monachmmontem 
 rtpetit . Catenam & lebetem demittit. Res priori incaptoftmilem exttumhabuh. Nee tantumre- 
 folutus lebes euanuit,verii etiafammt globus repenti 'e prof undo exftliens, propemodii & Fratrem & 
 foews abfttmpft. Omnes quidem adeo perculft in vrbem reuerftfunt,vt de eotneapto exequendo nun* 
 quam dcinceps cogttarentj&c t 
 
 O quam cenlura difpar? In montano Indiae occidentalis c amino aurum: Iflandie^ ver6,infer- 
 num quasrunt. Sed hocvtnimisrecens,acveteribusignotumfortaflereijcient:Curigitureuu- 
 de,qucm in Heclalilandig.animarucarcerejinChirazra.LyciafmonrejCuiusnodudmq; flam- 
 ma immortalis perhibecur,non funt imaginati fcriptorcs?Cur no in Ephefi montibus,quos tae- 
 da flamante ta<5tos,tantu ignis cocipcre accepimus.vt lapides quoq; & arena in ipfis aquis ar- 
 deat,& ex quibus accenfo baculo,fi quis fulcu traxerit,riuos igniu fequi narratur a Plinio? Cur 
 non in CophantroBacVtrorum monce,no6tu femper conflagrante? Cur non in Hiera Infula, in 
 medio mariardente? Curnon inAeolia, fimilkerinipfomariolimdiesaliquot aliquot accen- 
 fa?Cur non in Babyloniorum campo,interdiu flagrantePCur non in Aethiopum campis.Stel- 
 larum modo^noftu femper nitentibus? Curnon in illo Liparxtumulo,ainpla& profunda vora- 
 gine hiante,tefte Ariftotelcjad que non into nodiu accedatur : ex quo Cymbaloru fonitus,cro- 
 talorum boatus,cum infolitis & inconditis cachinnis exaudiancurPCur non in Neapolitanorum 
 agroadPuteolos?Curn6iniIlafuperiusc6memorataTenerifffpyramidemontana,inftar Aet- 
 na:,iugker ardente,& lapides,vt ex Munflero videre eft, in aera exfpuentc? Cur non in illo Ae- 
 thiopum iugo, quod Plinius teftatur,horum omnium maximo aduriincendio? Curnon deni- 
 que in Vefuuio monte, non fine infigni vicinig clade,& (S.Plini j exitiali detrimeto,dum infue- 
 tiincendij caufas perfcrutaturusvenit,nubiuimenusflammascumfaxiseuomece, pumicum& 
 cinerum ineffabili copia aera replente,& folem meridianum per toram vie imam denfiffimis te- 
 nebrisintercipiente?Dicam,&dicam quod res eft :Q^iafcilicetillis,vtpotenotioribus,fidem, 
 etfi inferni effe incendia finxiflent,minime adhiberi prxuidebant ; Heclf vero arftum, cuius ru- 
 mor tardius ad eorum aures peruenit, huic commento vaniffimo ftabiliendo, magis inferuirc 
 putabant.Sedfaceflite:Deprehenfa frauscft: Definite pofthacillam de inferno Heklcnfi opi- 
 nioncm cuiquam velleperfuadere.Docuitenim &nos,&alios,vobisinuitis,confimilibusin. 
 cendijs, operationesfuasNatura,aonInfernus,SedvideamusiampIura eiufdem farina: vulgi 
 mendacia,qua: Hiftoricis & Cofmographis noftris adeo maleiinpofuerunt, 
 
 SECTIO OCTAVA, 
 
 luxtahosmontes /""tresprxdiftosHeclam.&c.) Cunt tres hiatus immanes, quorum altitudinem a,- F ' ;( ' U5 Hegtonu, 
 pudmontem Heclampotijjimum , ne Lynceus qutdemperjptcere queat: Sea apparent ipfumtn- 
 (picientibus,hominesprtmfimftibmerf,adbuc]p!ritHm exbalantes, qui amicisfuis, vt ad propria 
 redeantJ]ortanubus t magnisfufpirijsfe ad mom em Hcclamproficifci debere reffondent : Sicqtie 
 fubitb euanefcunt. 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 
 D confirmandum fuperius mendacium de Inferno tcrreftri ac vifibili , commentum hoc, 
 non minus calumniofum (etfi facile largiar,Frifium non tarn calumniandi,quam noua & 
 
 inaudica 
 
526 The Englifh Voyages/Ike truefiate of f /eland. 
 
 iiiauditapnedicandianimo ifla fcripfifle) quamfalfum ac gems Siculis longe vaniusacde- 
 te(tabilius,excogitarut homines ignaui,nec ccelu nee infernu fcientes. Quos fcriptores iflijViri 
 alioqui pre-clarillimi & optime de Rcpub.literariameriti,nimiu prgpropero judicio fecuri funt. 
 
 Casterum optandum effet,nullos tanto nouitatis Audio Hiilorias fcribere, vt non vereantur 
 aniles qualuis nugas ijs infereie.atq; ita aurum puru cceno afpergere. Qui vero demu funt ho- 
 mines illi fubmerfi , in lacu infernali natitantes, & nihilominus cum nocis & amicis confabu- 
 lantes? Anne nobis veterem Orphea,cumfua Eutidice,in Stygias relabente vndaSjColIoquen- 
 tcm,& in his extremi orbis partibus,canquam adTanaim Hebrurhque niualcm , cantus exer- 
 centcm lyricos.rediuiuum dabicis? Certejetfi noiint alij futilem huiufmodi ineptiarum ieuka- 
 tern ac mendacium agno(cere,agnouit tamen rerum omnium haud negligens animator Car- 
 danus,lib. 1 8.fubcil.cuius hsec funt verba. 
 
 Eft Hecla mons in Iflandta^irdeta^ non aliter ac ^£tna in Stciliaper inlerualla,ideoa perfuafio- 
 nelonga (vulgi) concepta,quodtbiexpientur anim&. a^4lij,ne vanifmt, ajfir.gunt inantafabuU,vt 
 confona videantur. Qua funt ant em ilia inania? Quod fpeclra comminifcunmr,fe admontem He- 
 clam ire refpondentta,z\t idem. Et addit. Nee in Iflandia filum, fed vbi^ licet rarb, talia contin- 
 gunt: Subditq; de larua homicida Hiftoriam J qua'iic habet. Sferebatur, inquit,annopr&terito, 
 funusvirtptcbeijKjHedtolani,orientali in porta tuxtatemplum maiusforo venali, quodacaulimn 
 freqttentta nomencaulis noflra lingua fount : Occurrit mihi notus: Peto , vtmedicorum morisefl, 
 quo morbo excejferit? %effondet Hie : confueffe bunc virum hora noflU tertia a labor e redtre domum: 
 Vidit lemur em nolle quadam infequentem; Quam cum effugere conaretur, ocjus citato pede abibat: 
 Seddfpellro caputs at q^mterramproieclusvidebatur. Exclamare nitebatm : Non poterat. Tan. 
 dem,cum dium terra cum larua volutatuseffet, inuentus a pratereuntibus qntbujdnm,femivmns 
 domum relatus,cum refipuiffet, interrogans, hec qua minus expeilabantur, retuht. Ob id animam 
 desiondens,cum ncc ab amicu \nec me diets ,necfacerdotibus perfuaderipotuijfet, mania effe bite, olio 
 tnde diebusperijt, Audiuipolimodirm (jr abalijs, qui vicmt efftnt illi, neminemab inimico vulnera- 
 tum tarn conftanter de illo teflatum,vt bic,quod a mortuofuiffet in ten am prouolutus. Cum quidam 
 qu&rcrent, quid illepoflquam in terrain volutaretur ageret?Con^tum y inquit i mortuum adhibittsgult 
 mambus,-vt eumftrangularet : Nee obfthijfe quicquam, mftqub dje ipfum Weretur manibus. Cum 
 etlij dubitarem,ne forte b&c a viuo paffus ejfet,interrogarenlq } ,in quo mortuum a viuofecernerepotu- 
 iffet? (fauffam reddidit fatis probabilem s dicens fe tanquam cot turn attrellaffe .nee pondus habuijfe, ni- 
 fivt premebatur. Etpaulopoftaddir. Eademveri ratione, qua in Jflandta, in arena folttudimbus, 
 <^£gyptt e5" ts£thiopia, India^vbi Solardet,ex,dem imagines ,eademfpellra viatores ludificarefo- 
 ient. Hacienus Cardanus. indetamenncmo concluferit, ficut de Iflandia fcriptorcs noliri 
 faciunt,inillisiEgypti&iEthiopiat,[ndiiq;locis,carceremexifleredamnatorum. 
 
 Ha:c ex Cardano adferiberc libuit, vt etiam extraneorum teftimoniapro nobis s contra fig- 
 menta tanta afteramus.Conuincit autepra?fens Cardani locus hsc duo,fciIicct: nee efle Jflan- 
 dia? proprias fpectroru apparitiones:(quod etia omnes norunr,nifieiusrci ignorantia nimisaf- 
 fe6tent)nec illud mortuoru cu viuis, in hiatu HedenfijColIoquiurr^nifi ementitis hominum fa- 
 bulis,quauis ampulla vanioribuSjnitijquibus belua; vulgares 3 ad confirmandade animaru cru- 
 ciatibusopinione^vfefuerant.Etquifquaeft.quiillisfcnptoruhiatibuSjmortuorumiraculisad 
 fummumvfquei-efertis,adducipoteftvtcrcdat?Qui(quam,quivanitatetantamnon-cotenat? 
 Cercc. Nam & hinc conuicia in gentem noftram recle fumi aiunt: Nihil fcilicet hac proie&ius 
 acdeterius efle vfqua 3 qii£e intra limites Orcum habcat. Scilicechoccomodi nobis peperitHi- 
 ftoricorum ad res nouas diuulgandas auiditas» Verum ilia e vulgi dementia nata opinio, vt 
 fiultaacinanis,& in opprobrium noftrigentisconfi6ta,ha6tenus,vtipcro,fatislabcfa6tata eft. 
 Quare iani pcrge Lector, ylterius hanc de fecretis infernalibus Philolbphiam coguofcere. 
 
 SECTIONONA. 
 
 FtiiiusScMunft, CircumverbInfulam,perfeptemautoElomenfesfiulluatglacies, miferabilem qttendamgemitum, 
 & ab bumana voce nonalienum,ex colhfione edens. Putantincol£ } & in monte Hecla j& in gla- I 
 cie loca effejnqnibusanim&fuorumcrucientur. 
 
 "C GregiumfcilicetHiflori^augmentum^cOrcoIflandicoin vnius montis bafin,haud fane 
 XZ>va(tam,coa6io: Et interdum (ftatisforfan tcmporibus)loca commutance. Vbi fcilicet do- 
 miinfocomotanodelitefcercpiget,&exire,pelagiifq;,fediine ratejtentareiuuat/efeqjin gla- 
 cieifruftella colligere.Audite porro 5 huius fecreti admiratores : Enporriga Hiftoricis aliud Hi- 
 ftoriarauclarium nequaquamcontemnendum.Scribantigitur,quotquothisfcriptoruc6mcn- 
 tis adhf rentjflandos non folum infernum intra limites habere, fed & fcientes volentes ingre- 
 di^atq; intaftos eode die egredi f Quid ita? Quia petuctus eft Infula cofuetudo, vt maritimi in 
 
 hanc 
 
The ttueftate offjland. Traffiques & Difcoueries. 527 
 
 hancglaciem,ab Hiitoricisinfernalem lactam, mane phocas, feu vitulos matinos captume- 
 ant,acvefperiincolumesredeant. Additcctiam, infcrinijs &alijs vafisab Ifiandis carcerem 
 damnacorum afferuari,vt paulo poft ex Frifio audiemus, 
 
 Sed mature praividendum erit vobis,neIflandi fortitudinis & conflantia: laudem veftris na- 
 tionibus pmipiant: Quippe qui tormeDta(vc hiftoricis veftrisplacet)barathri fuftinuiflc & ve- 
 lint & pofllnt.illaq; fine vllo grauiore damno perruperc atq; efhigere valeant.quod quidrm ip- 
 futn ex iam didtis eftlcitur: Et multosnoftratium enumerare poflLm,qui in ipfo vcnaiionis a&u 
 longiufcule a littore digtcfli, glacie aZephyris diffipata.multa milliaria glaciei infidetes,tem. 
 peftatis violentia profligati,& aliquot dies ac nodes continuascrudcliflimi pelagi fludhbus ia- 
 clati,ficque (id enim,inquam,ex prjefenti Hiftoricorum ptoblemate confequitur) tormenta & 
 cruciatus barathri glacialis experti funt : Qui tandem mutata tempcflate,atq; a Borea fpiran- 
 tibusventis,adlittora,cumhocfuogIacialinauigio rurfus adadli, incolumes domum perue- 
 nerunt : Quorum aliqui etiam hodic viuunt, Quare hoc nouitaris auidi arripiant, indeque, (i 
 placet.iuftumvolumen confidant, atque ad Hiftoriamfuamapponant. Nee enim vaniflima 
 ilia commenta aliter,quam eiufmodi locularibu* excipienda & confundenda videntur. Ca:tc- 
 rum,ioco fcpofito, vndc digreffi fumus, reuertamur, 
 
 Primum igitur ex fedhone fecunda fatis conftat,glaciem,neque feptenijneque odto menfi- 
 bus citcaipfamlnfuIamfluitareiDeindeetiamjglaciemhancjCtfiinterdumexcollifionegran- 
 desfonitus&fragoresedit,intcrdum propter vndaruma]luuionem,raucummurmurperfonat, 
 quicquamtamen humans vocifimilercfonare auteiulareminime fatemur. 
 
 Quod autem dicunt.nos efr h* glacie s & in monte Hecla locaftatuere, in quibutanimt nojlrorii 
 cructentur,ld verb ferib pernegamus,Deoq; acDomino noftro Iefu Chrilto,qui nos a morte 8c 
 inferno eripuit,& regni coeleftis ianuam nobis referauit,gra tias ex animo agimus.quod nos dc 
 loco,in quern aniing noftrorum defundtorum commigrent, redtius, quam dicunt ifti Hiftori- 
 ci,inftituerit f Scirnus&tenernusanimaspiorumnon inPurgaroriumPontificiorura, aurcam- 
 posElyfios,fed in finum Abrahar.in manum Dei, in Paradifum caeIeftem,mox e corporis erga- 
 flulo tranfferri. Scimus&tencmusdeimpiorumanimabus,non inmontanos focos &cine- 
 rcs.vcl glaciem noflris oculis expofitam,defledtere, fed in extrcmas mox abripi tenebras,vbl 
 eft fletus & ftridor dentiu,vbi eftfrigus,vbi eft ignis il!e,non vulgaris, fed extra noftrafcientia 
 & fubtilem difputationem pofitus.Vbi non modo corpora,fed anims etiam.i.fubftantia? fpiri- 
 tualcs,cruciantur, Huic extremo & tencbricofocarceri non Iflandos viciniores,quam Germa- 
 noSjDanoSjGallos.It alos ; 3ut quamvis aliam gentem, quoad loci fitum,ftatuimus. Nee dc hu- 
 ius carceris loco fimuc quicqua difputare attinet: Sufficie nobis abunde,quod illius tentbrico- 
 fumfetorem&reliquacormeta,dante&iuuante Domino noftro Iefu Chrifto, cuius prcciofo 
 {anguineredemptifumuSjiiuiiquamfimusvifuriaut fenfuri. Atque hiede orco Iflandico dif- 
 putationis colophon cfto. 
 
 SECTIO DECIMA, 
 Qubdfiquis ex hoc glacie magnum partem ceperit, eamcjue vafi ant fcrinio inclufamfltiim diligen- 
 tijftme ajferttarit, il/a tempore glaciciflUi circtnHinfulamejf/legelantufuanefcit, vtneqttemi- 
 mmaeiusparticnla vel gut t ft/a aqta reperiatw. 
 
 IDprofedtoneceflario addendum fuit : Hanc falicet glaciem, voces humanas, fecundum 
 Hiftoricos , reprefentatem , & damnatorum receptaculum exiftentem,non effe , vt reliqua 
 in vaftiffima hac vniuerficate omnia , ex Elementi alicuius materia confl a tarn. Siquidem cum 
 .corpus efle videatur,corpus tamen non fit,(quod ex Frifij paradoxo redte deducitur) cum eti- 
 ani corpora dura &folidaperrumpat,nonfecusac fpedtra & genij : Reftat igitur cum non fit 
 dementarisnatura:, vtvelfpiritualemhabeat matetiam, vclcceleftem, vel quodipfiforfan 
 largiantur.in fernalem . Infernalem tamen efle non aflen tieniur,quia ad aures noftras peruenit 
 frigus infcrnale longe efle in t radtabilius, quam eft hec glacies,humanis manibus in fcrinio re- 
 pofita,nec quicqua fuo contaclu,vel nudatam carnem la:dere valcns.Nec profedb fpiritualem 
 cite dabimus;accepimus enim a Phy ficis , f ubftantias fpirituales nee cerni ,nec tangi , nee ijs 
 quicquam decedere pofle: Qua; tamen omnia in hanc hiftoricorum glaciem, quantum u is, 
 fecundum illos,hyperphyficam,cadere cettum & manifelhjm eft, Prirerea & hoc veriflimum 
 eft,earncalorcfolisrefolutam, acinfuperficie fua ftagnantem, fiti pifcatorum reftinguenda?, 
 no fecus ac riuos terreftres,infctuire: Id quod fubftantia: fpirituali denegatu eft.Non eft igitur 
 fpiritualis, vtnec infernalis. Iam verb coelcftem habere materiam, nemoaudebitdicere : Ne 
 forte inde aliquisfufpicetur,glaciem hanc barathrum 3 quod illi Hiftorici affingut,fecum e cce- 
 Jo traxifle: Vel id cce!o 3 quippe eiufdem matcrif cum glacie,commune efle,atq; ita career dam. 
 natotum cumParadifo ccclefli loca commutaflejHiltoncorum culpa putetur. 
 
 Quare 
 
 Fri(iu<, Zirglit ua 
 
 Saxofctcflmjji- 
 
 tcr. 
 
r 
 
 528 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,T/&t? trueftateof Ifland. 
 
 Quare cum glacies hxc Hittonca nee htelementaris,vt ex prslenti loco Fnlij optme fequi 
 iam toties monuimus : nee fpiritualis,nec infemalis, quod vtrumq; breuibus, folidis tamen ia- 
 tionibus'demonilrauimus : nee cceleftis materia:, quod opinari religio vetat :relinquitur om- 
 nino.vt fecundum eofdemHiftoricoscullaiK,quamtain€illi tarn cum ftupenda. admiratione 
 pra:dicant,& nos videri ac tangi putamus. Eft igitur,& non eft : Quod axioma vbi fecundum 
 idem ,& ad idem,& eodem tempore,verum efle poterit, nos demum miraculis iftis glacialibus 
 credemus. Itaq ; iam vides Lc£tor,ad hxc refellenda nullo alio cfle opus, quam moftrari quo- 
 modofecumdiffideanc,Sedhaudmirum,eumquifemelvulgifabulofisrumonbusfeperniifir, 
 fipius errarc, Cuiufmodi etiam prodidit quidam de glacieihuius Sympathia , quod videlicet 
 moIis,cuiusparscffec,difceffuminfequeretur,vtomnemobferuationis diligentiamineuitabi- 
 li fugat neceflitate deciperet. Atqui fepe vidimus eiufmodi folitariam molem poft abaftam rc- 
 liquam glaciem,nullis ve&ibus,nullismachinisdetentam,adlittusmultisfepiiraanisconiilte- 
 re„ Palam eft igitur, illud de glacie miraculum fundamento niti, quam eftipfa glacies, ma* 
 gis Iubrico. 
 
 SECTIOVNDECIMA. 
 
 rriiws, 
 
 t 
 
 Lib. j.Nar, 
 
 t]ueft. 
 
 Nonproculab hlsmontibus, (tribus pra:dic~tis) admaritimasoras vergentibus ,funt quatuor fa- 
 te's diuerjiffims nature. Vnus juo perpetuo ardore omne corpus Jibi immijfum raptim cotiucrtit in 
 faxum/nanentetamenpriore forma. <ss4ltere/l algorisintolerabilk, Tcrtiusvel melle dulcio; ', 
 Q-refttnvuendx.fitiiucmdijfimus. Quanusplane exkialis,pefltlens,Qr virulentus. 
 
 ETiamhxc fontium topographia fatis aperte monftrat, quam ex impuro fonte has fuss 
 narraciones omnes mitaculolas hauferk Geographus. Id enimdicere vrdetur: Modto 
 hos tres pradidtos fere cotinguos efle:Siquide tribus montibus quatuor fontes indifcreteadi 
 fcribit. Alioqui ft non vicinos ftatuiflet, vni alicui horum duos fontes adferipfiflet. Sed 
 ncquchi monies contigui runt ( quippe multis milliaribus inuicem difliti) r.equeiuxtahos 
 foncesilliquatuorrcpenuntur: quod,qui credere nolit,expenatur» Carterum ad hascconfuir- 
 dcndafufficit,credo,ipforumhiftoricorucontrarietas. NamdeduobusfontibusquidamFrifio 
 his verbis contradicir. Erumpunt ex eodemmonte (Heels) fontes duo, quorum alter aqudrumftigU 
 ditate \aher feruore intolerabilt exedit omnemelementarem •wte.-Hiduo funr primiilltFrifij fon- 
 tes, nifi quod hie miraculum indurandi corpora,altcri fontium , attributum,omiflumlit, AtqtR 
 non fimulpofluntexipfornonte.&iuxtamontem erumperep n 
 
 Hie vero hbentcr quzelierim, qua ratione quifquam exPeripateticis dicar, aliquid ipfo ele- 
 mentoaqusfrigidius,autignecalidius? Vndc demum, fcripiores, ifta frigiditas? Vnde ifte 
 feruor? Nonne e Schola veftra accepimus aquam efle elementum frigidiffimum & humidum, 
 atqueadc6frigidilT)mum,vtadconftituendasqualitatesfecundas5remittifitnecefle,necu'm- 
 plicemvlibushumanis inferuire? (Hate ego nunc Phyikorumoraculafundo, vera an falfa, 
 nefcio.) Teftiscftvnus omnium, &proornnibus,IohannesFernelius lib. 2.Phyfiologix,cap, 
 4. Sic,inquit, qmlitates h& (quatuor prima) quatuorrerumnaturis fumtnt obtigerunt,"jt quemad- 
 modumpuro igne nihil caltdiusjiihilque leuius : Sic terra whit 'ficcius, nihil gravius. : Aquam fince- 
 ram > np'llii:smedicamenti'visgelidaeuincit ,vtnecae'rem, vlliut humor. Summa pr&tereafe ti- 
 lls infuntflitric minimum quidempoffint augefcere,remittiveropofflnt. Nolo hue rationes feu argu- 
 mentaPhyficorumaggregare, Vnum profe&ohfc cauendum eft, nedum fontium miracula 
 pra:dicantfcriptores,vtglacieml{hndorum,ita etiam fontes creatorumnumeroeximant.Nos 
 fontium adiiincla, qua: hue fcriptores pertraxerunt, ordine perfequemur, Primus fuo perpetuo 
 calore) Plurima: funt in Iflandia thermz feu fontes calidi : Pauciorcs ardentes: quos neque cui. 
 quam miraculo efle debere exiftimamus,cum huiufmodi,vt a fcriptoribus didici, paffim abun- 
 detGermania,pra:cipueinijslocis,qua:nonfuntprocul ab Alpium radicibus. Notaeft fama 
 thermaiumBadenfiumjGebarfuilienfiumjCalbenfiumjinducatuWirtebergeniij&multarum 
 aliarmn quaium meminit Fuchlius in lib.de arte medendi, Ec noh'folum Gerrbanra.fed etiam 
 Gallia, &lorigemagis omnium bonorum parens Italia,inquit Cafdanus. Et Ariftoteles n'ar- 
 rat.circa Epyrum calidas aquas fcaturire, vnde locus Pyriphlegeton appellatur. Atq; inquam, 
 hxc ideo minus miranda , quod vt incendij montani, itaferuoris aquei cauflasindagarint 
 Nature fpeculatores : Aquam fcilicet per terra? venasfulphureas, autaluminofaslabi, indeq; 
 noncaloremfolum,fed faporem etiam & virtutes alienas concipere. Docuit hoc Ariftoteles 
 librodemundoj Continet,'inquit,terratnJe multosfontes,vt aqute t ita&fpirittis& igtiis; Qui- 
 dam amnium morefluunt, Q- velignefcens e ijciuntferrum : Nunciepidx aquk erumpunt,nuncfer- 
 uentijfim*, nunc temper au. Et Seneca : Empedocles exiftimabat ignibus, quosmttltislocis opertos 
 tegit terra, aquam calefcere^JubieSlifintfeh^erquodaqum tranftus e(l.Et fcite de therrms Baia- 
 
 nis Pontanus, : - - ' r '■- 
 
 Baiana 
 
7 he trueftateoflJJand. Traffiques,&Diicoueries. 
 
 529 
 
 Baianofed ne fuman inlittorethermas 
 Lflfirere,ant liquidisfiuitare incendia vend: 
 Vulcanifora julphureis mcenfa caminis 
 Jpfa tmnent , late mult urn tellure fub ima 
 Debacchari ignem,campofg } exurere opertos. 
 Indefluit, caltdum refer ens ex igne vaporem, 
 Vndafugaxjtettn feruent & balneafkmmis. 
 Hoc loco attingendumduxi quod tradic Saxo GramrmticuSjDanorum celebratiffimushi- 
 ftorkus JJkndia fontes quofdam nunc adfummum excreftere&exudare.-Nunc adeo fubfidere, lit 
 vix fontes agnofcas. Qui etfi rariorcs 3pud nosinucniuntur,adfcribam tamen fimiles, etiam a- 
 libianaturaproduftos.nequishicmonftri quippiam imaginetur, Hosautem reckat Plinius. 
 lnTcnedoInfuIavnum,quifemperatertiano<ftishora,infextam folftitioa-ftiuo exunder. In 
 agroPicinate, trans Apenninum montem,fluuiura cfie,qui omnibus Solflitijs«fliuis exundet, 
 brumalitempore (kcetur. Refeit etiam de fonte quoda fatis largo, qui fingulis horis intumef- 
 cat & refidat. Nee id magis negligendum : fubire terras flumina^urlufque redire : vt Lycus in 
 Afia,Erafinus in Argolica.Tign's in Mefopotamia,quibus Cardanus addit Tanaim in Mofco- 
 .uia:Etqusein iEfculapij fonte Athenis immerfafunt, in Phaleticoreddi. Et Seneca fcribic 
 eiTeflumina.quasinfpecumaliquem fubterraneumdemilTa.exhominum oculisfe fubducunt, 
 quascofumipaulatim&intercidere conltet: Eademqspoftinteruallumreuertt, recipereq;& 
 n'omen & curium ptiorem, Et it,erum Plinius; fluuium in Atinatecampo merfum.poft 20 mil- 
 Jia pafluum exire, Qua: omnia, & his fimilia, lilaudia: fontes 3 miraculo nulIo,pra: caueris efle 
 debere,oftendunt. 
 
 Qmne corpus immrjftmt continue conuertit inftxum. His duobus adiunclis, feruore nempe/eu 
 ardorcvehementilTimOj&virtuteindurandi corpora, primumfuu fontem deicribit Frifius, Ec 
 fama quidem accepi,ipfe non lum expcrtus,exiftcre fimilem fontein Iflandia,non procul afede 
 Epifcopali SchaIhok,apud viilam nomine Haukadal. Habet limilc Senecajdicens,/fl»/£^»«7- 
 (kmej[e,qui Itgnain Idpides conuertat, bomintimq; vi/cera\indure/cere,qui aquam etus biberint ; 
 Et addit eiufmodi fontes in quibufdam Italia: locisinueniri: quod Ouidius Ciconum flumini 
 tribute 1 j.Metamorph, 
 < Elumen habent Cicones, quodpotumfaxea reddit 
 
 Vtfcera^ quodtaftis indmit marmora rebus. 
 Et Cardanus : Georgius isfgricola,inquit,in Elbogano trattuiuxta oppidumafalconsbuscogno- 
 minatumjntegras cum corpooe abietes in lapidem conuerfas ejfe, at^, quod mams eft , in nmis etiam 
 Vjritidem laptdem continere. Et 'Domitius Brufonius,in Sylare amne, qui radices montts eius, qui eft 
 in agro vrbisVrfentinorum olimjiunc Conturfy, Umbit, folia fir arborum ramosin Ixpidestranfre, 
 »o» fide altorum, fed proprta,vt qui incolafit regionis , (cut ret etiam Plinius aflipulatur) »<?rr^;,(ror- 
 r»c«««re/^'^«,^»»w»«wero^»^frf.Sic(fifcriptoribuscredimus)gutta;Goticifontisrparfe 
 lapidcfcunt. Et in Vngaria.Cepufij aqua.in vrceos infufa, lapidefcit, Plinius refert etiam, vt in 
 Ciconum flumine,& in Piceno lacu velino,lignum deiec"tum,lapideo cortice obduci, 
 
 SecundusalgarUintolerabilis. Quantum ad fecundum fontem attiner, nullus hie eft quod 
 quifqua fciat.algoris intolcrabilis,fed plurimi bene frigidi,ita vt vulganbus riuis acftiuo fole te- 
 pefcemibus,nonfinevoluptateexfrigidioribusillisaquamhauriamus. Sunt&longefrigidio- 
 res forte alibi : Nam & Cardanus in agro Gorinthio e montis vertice fluentem nuum comme- 
 morat,niue frigidiorem : Et intra primum aCulmaIapidern,Infanam vocatum : qua: aqua cu 
 feruere videatur.fit tamenlonge frigidillima,&c. 
 
 Tertiusvelmelledulcior. Neq;idprofusverum cft.Nonenimeil vllusapudnos,quiveImi- 
 nimaex parte cum mellisdulcedineconfcrripoffir, Re<5tiusigitur Saxo, qui fontes (quoniam 
 pluresfunt)«* IftandiadicitinueniriCerealemreferentes hquorem, vt etiam ibidem non diuerii 
 faporis folurn,fed diuerfi etiam coloris fontes & flumina rcperiuntur, 
 
 EtfiautemtraduntPhyliciaquamnaturaliterex feneq; faporemneq; odorem habere, ta- 
 men,vtfuperius attigimus, verifimile eft,quodalij per accidens vocant,eam fepe referre quali- 
 tatemterrar,in qua generatur.&percuiusvcnasttanftumatq; excurfum habet : Atqjhinca- 
 quarum odores,colores/apores,alios atq; alios exiftere. Cuiufmodl fun t, dc quibus narrat Se- 
 neca,quoruro alij famem excitent, alij bibentes incbrienr,alij memorii officiant, alij iuuent e- 
 andem,alij vini faporem & virtutem repraifentent : Vt ille apud Plinium in Andro Infula fons, 
 in templo Liberi, qui Nonis Ian : vini fapore fluar. Et apud Anflotelem fous in agro Cartha- Lib.dt miub, 
 ginenfi,qui oleu pnbeat, & guttulas Cedriodorereprifentet. Item,Orcus fluuiusTheflalise, aiircult «- 
 infliKnsinPeneum,oleiinftar fupernatans: Cuiufmodi etiam narrat Cardanus in Saxonia 
 efle ; iuxta Brunonis oppidum, fontem oleo perfufum: Et in Sueuia, iuxta Ccenobium, ^' dcE!s " 
 
 Yy cui 
 
 < 
 
r,o 
 
 The Englifti Voyages/The truejlate of f /eland. 
 
 cuiTcrgenfche nomen eft.Ite.in valle montis Iurafll.Caufamhuius tciputat effe bitumen val- 
 de pingue,quod oleum fine dubio contineat. Idem, famam effe ait, in Cardia,iuxta locu Da(l 
 chyli,in campo albo aquam effe lac~te dukiorem.Alia quoq; iuxta pontem,qua Valbeburgum 
 itur.Iam aquarii vini faporem referendum meminit his verbis Propcrtius, jfJib.E Jegiar, 
 En tibifer mediambene olentiaftumina Naxon, 
 J/nde mum pot a Naxia turba merum. 
 Eft autemNaxus Infula vna ex Cycladibus,in mari yEgeo, Caufam huius aflignat Carda- 
 nus,quod hydromel vctuftate tranfeat in vinum. Ariftoteles commemorat Sicilise fontem,quo 
 incola: loco aceti vtantur. Idem faporum aqua: caufam in calorem retulit, quod terra excofta 
 mutet & pra*beat faporem aquae. 
 
 lam dc aqua: coloribus ita Cardanus. Eadem eft ratio colorum aqut^it^quit (frfaporum: vide. 
 licet d terra originem trahere. Nam Candida eft aqwt,adfecundum lapidem a Glauca, Mi fetus, op. 
 pido : Ruben, vt in Radera Mifentfluuio , iuxta%adeburgum : Etolim in India iuxta loppen; 
 ZJiridii, in Carpatomonte, iuxta Neufolam ; derulea autblaua, inter Feltriumgr Tarmfium, 
 & inThermopylis etiam talemfuijjereferunt: N'gerrima in Altera fluuio Saxonu } vbtinVi- 
 furgimje exonerat.Caujfefunt argilU colores,fedtenuiores. Item Ariftoteles: circa Iapygiam pro- 
 montoriu,effe fontem 3 quifanguinem fundat,addens,eam maris partem fuofbetorenauigantcs 
 procul arcere, Aiunt praeterea in Idumia fontem effe, qui qua ter in anno colorem mutet, cum 
 lit colore nunc viridi,nuncalbo,nuncfanguineo, nunclutulento, 
 
 Etdcaquarumodorefic Cardanus, Similit ratio differentia eft in odoribus. Plerumq } tamen 
 aquarum odoret iniucftndifuHt,quod raro terra bene oleat. Pejfime olimfatabat in tAi.lide, Anigri 
 ftuminis aqua, vfa^adpernictem^onfolumpifciumfed etiam bomtnum. Iuxta Afetonem inAfejpt- 
 nia.m puteo quodam optime olens aqua haurtebatur. Haec ideo recito, v t nullus magis in Iflandia 
 quam alibi,aquarum,colores odores,fapores,miretur. 
 
 Ouartusplane exitialis. Autor eft Ifidotus,e(Te fontem quendam.cuius aqua pota vitam ex- 
 tinguat : Et Plinius: Iuxta Nonarimjnquit, z/frcadia, Styx (iuxta Cyllenem montcm,ait Car- 
 dan. Sola equivngulacontinebatur:referuntea fublatum Alexandrummagnu) necodoredif. 
 ferent,nec colore \epota illico necat. Idcm,/» "Berofo Taurorum colle/unt tresfontesfine remediofme 
 doloremorttferi: Et quod longe maximum eft,quod Seneca ftagnum effe ciicat,in quod profpi- 
 cientes ftatim moriantur. Nos verb Iflandi etiam hunc quartum Frifij fonte, cuius etiam Saxo 
 meminitjVt antehacfempcr,itidem etiam nobishodie penitus ignotum teftamur:Hocq;igi- 
 tur nomine,Deo immortalcs gratias agimus,qu6d ab eiufmodi fontibus & ferpetibus,infe6tis 
 venenatis,ac alijs pcftiferis & contagiods, effe nos immuncs voluerir. 
 
 Prt terea eft apudpr&diBos fonte s tanta/u/pburis copia. Montes trcs a Munftero & Frifio ;gni- 
 uomi di£ti,omnes longiffimo intcruallo a noftris fodinis diftant.Quarc cum iuxta hos montes, 
 fontibus quatuor,quos tantopere miraculis celebrant, locum & fitumfaciant, nccefleefteos 
 fontes pari fere interuallo a fodinis fulphurcis remotos effe. Nee vero apud montem Heclam, 
 vt Munfterus,nec apud hos Frifij fontes(quorum rumor quam verus fit,ha£tenus oftenfum eft) 
 fulphur effodhur : Nee patrum noftrorum memoriaeffoffumefie arbitramu^Neq; verumeft, 
 sui hurinbore- quod defulphuris copia tradit Munfterus, effe videlicet pene ynicumlnfula: mercimonium& 
 aii inandb pant vedigal. Nam cum infula in quatuor partes diuifa fit,quarta pars,nempe borealis,tantumdi- 
 midia,hoc vtitur mercimonio,nec fulphuris mica in vedtigallufularpcnditur. 
 
 SECTIO DVODECIMA. 
 
 MunR* Pifcium taut a eft copia in hac Infula \vt ad altitudinem domorufub aperto ccelo vendedi exponantur. 
 
 SVbaperto coelo. Id quidem facere vidimus mercatores extraneos, donecnaues mercibus ex- 
 traneis exonerarint, incipiatq; eafdem rurfus pifcibus & ieliquis noftratium mercibus one- 
 rare. An vero noftri homines id aliquando fecerint,non fatis liquet. Certe copiofa ilia & ve- 
 tus pifcium abundantia iam defijt,Iflandis & iftius boni,& aliorum penuria laborare incipien- 
 tibus,Domino Deo meritum impietatis noftra flagellum,quod vtinam rite agnofcamus, im- 
 mittente. 
 
 SECTIO DECIMATERTIA. 
 
 Piifius, Equos habent velocijfimos, qui fine intertmffune 30. miliaria continuocurfu conficiunt. 
 
 QVidam in fua mappa Iflandia: } 2o.millaria continuo curfu affequi tradit cuiufdam parce. 
 ciae equos. Sed vtrumque impoffibilc ducimus. Nam maxims celeritatis &roboris 
 beltias(RaDgiferos appellant) fcribit Munftejus non nifi 3 o.millaria 24.horarum fpacio con- 
 
 ficcre. 
 
 SECTIO 
 
The truejlateoffjhnd. TrafFiques,<3c Difcoueries. 5 >\ 
 
 SECTIO DECIMA Q_V ARTA ( 
 
 CetegrMidiainftarmontiumpropelJlandtam aliquando coxfpictuntiir, qua vanes euertunt , tiifttu- Munft. 
 
 barton fenoab(lerreantHr,ant mtffis in marerotundis & vacuis vafisfluorum lMfudeleHnntnrJu- 
 .. dificeritur. Fit ttttquando ,vt nanta in dor fa cetorttmtfua Infulas ejfe ptttant jmcborat fi>; cntcs,U- 
 
 pepericlttentwrfjocantttr autem cerum lingua ?CtC)UU3aI,©uffeHl>aIen.i.D/<^o//crf cete. 
 
 INliarmonttum: Entibi iterum,Lc£tor , Munfleii TeIeniciaEcho,& ca?cum,vtdicifoIetj 
 infomnium, Deformat,meHercule,ade6mendax & abfurda hyperbole hiftoriam , idque 
 tanto magisquanto minus eft neceflatia.NamquoriumattinetmeiicitiHiHoricum, (ihiHoiia 
 eft rei vera; narratioPQuorfum tropica* hyperboles aiTumet? Quid conabiturperfuadcre,auc 
 quo Dertraheie Le&orern, fiquidem nihil nifi fimplicem rerum expofitioncm nbi proponic? 
 TtBoribHsatfc Poctii, 
 
 Qjtodlibet atidendifemperftiit xquapoteflas : 
 Non icidem Hiftoricis. 
 
 Dorfacetorm >, qua Infitlasputant : Nataeft hascfabula, vt & reliqua:,exmendacioqito- 
 dam,vtantiquo,itaridiculo&vano, cuius egofidem titiuilitio nonemam. Eft autem tale : 
 Miffos fuiffe olim Legatos cum fodalitio monaftico,ab Epifcopo Bremenn (Brandanus vete- 
 ribusNoruagis, Krantzio,nifallor, Alebrandus appellatur) adfidem Papi(iicam,qua: rum 
 Chriftianaputabatur, in Septentrione pra:dkandam& diuulgandam: Eofque,vbitmmen- 
 lUm kerSeptcntrionemverfus nauigandoconlumpfifient, ad mfulam quahdam peruenifle : 
 ibique ia£la anchoradefcenfumin lnlulam fecifle, focos acccr.difle : (Nam verihmile eft nau- 
 tas in ipfo mari glaciali frigore non parum eiTe vexatos) & commeacum naualcm ad rcliquum 
 iter expediuifle. Aft vbibeneignibusaccenfisincaluerant foci, Iniiilam hanc fubmerfain ci- 
 toeuanuifle, nautas autem per praefentem fcaphamvix lcruatos fluffs, Habes huiusreifun- 
 damentum,Le6tor , fedquam incredibile, ipfevides, Quid veto tandem eft animi nautis, 
 qui in mari procellofo videntcs fcopulum, vel, vt Munfterus, Infulam perexiguam emer- 
 gere,nonvitcntpotiusomniftudio, allifionem &nauf~ragium metuentes, qiiam vt in portu 
 parum tutoquiefceretcntent? Sedvbianchoia Agenda? Solent enim , vtpjurimum,dccfle 
 nautis tamimmenfi funes,vcin altidimo arquore anchoram demittant : Igitur in dorfis ce- 
 torum,refpondet Munlkrus. Oportet igitur, veftigiuvneiprius effodiant, Oftultos nautas, 
 balenarum carnem , a tense cefpitibus, inter fbdiendum,non dignofcentes, nee lubricam ce- 
 torum cutem,a tcrreftrifuperficie internofcentes.Digni profe£lo,quibufcum ipfe Munfterus, 
 Eauclerus transfretaret. Equidem hoc loco, vt & fuperius , dc miraculis lllandia: terreftribus 
 agens, e Tantali,vcaiunt, horto fruftus colligit ,id eft, ea coniedtacur , quaenunquam repe- 
 riuntur,necvfquamfunt, dummiraculahincindeconquirere, terrain &pelagus verrere, ad 
 Hi(Toria:fuxfuppIementumftudet:Vbitamen nihil nifi commentuiatantum venaripoceft, 
 • l^ccantur autem lingua eorum%tsAl\ilnl. Ne vltraperam,Munftere : Nullam fiquidem es 
 lingua? noftra; cogniuonemadeptus : Quare meritopudcret tantum virum , rem ignotam ali- 
 os velledoccre: EftenimeiufmodiinccEptumerroribusobnoxiumcomplurimis, vcvclhoc 
 tuo exemplo doccbimus, Dum enim vis alijs autor elTe,quomod,o noftra lingua balena: vel ce- 
 te appellentur,detra6ta,~~perinfcitiam,afpiratione, qua; pene fola vocis fignificationem fa- 
 cit, quod minime verum eft, afters : Non enim Dal noftra lingua balenam,fed ele<5tionem fiue 
 deleclumfignificat,averbo,COJ iJfl .i*eligo,vel deligo: vndetol,&c. AtbalenalpuaUu; no- 
 bis vocatur: Vndetu 'Srolivjualut: fcribere debebas. Nee verolCroll Diabolum, vttuirtter- 
 pretaris,fedGigantesquofdammontanosfignirlcat. Videsigitur.quomodointotovocabu- 
 lo turpiter,quod haud tamen tnirumjCi'res. Leuis quideqi ilia in linguam noftram injuria, in v- 
 nicafantiimvoce:quoniamplurcs,hauddubie,nonnoras. 
 
 Idem alijs etiam vTu venit ; Non enim probandum eft , quod quidam , dum Ifl.indiar 
 defcriptionem, ab jflandis acceptam, ederet , maluerit omnia, aut certe plurima promon- 
 toriorum, finuum , montium , tohtium,flUmiiliim,tcfquorum,valIium, collium, pagorum 
 nominadeprauare (quod noftrx lingua; ignarus.iion'fcjreC anoftratibus accepta fatisexafte 
 legere) at que corrumpere,quam prills abipfisl{landis,qui tumremporis, id eft, Anno 158?, rc8r. 
 in AcademiaHaflfhieni'ivixerunt j-quoinodofingulalegiac fcribideberenr^edifcere. Ipfum 
 certe hacnatiuorumncminum&appellationum^oluntariadeprauatione, (quafaftumeft.vt 
 ipfiealegentes.pauciffima noftra agnofcamus) in linguam noftram, alioqui puram& auitam 
 pene elegantiam retinentem, non leuiter peccafle repucamns. 
 
 Cseterum iam plurima Iflandia;miracula,qux quide icriptores noflri attigerunt,fic utcunq; 
 cxaminauimus.Sed tamen priufqua alio diucrtamur,inhac parte attingendumvidetur,qucd 
 
 Yy 1 idem 
 
m 
 
 
 SecMn-anisdi- 
 flributio. 
 
 i.Capitishuius 
 
 rartisdiuifio. 
 
 The English Voyages,^? truefiateoflflahdi 
 
 idem llle in mappa Ulandiae,quam fub fuo nomine, piaediCto anno tdi fecerat,de cuobu^pitf. 
 ter fupra di6tos,fontibus Iflandia: prodidit : quorum alter lanas albas colore nigro, alcer nigras 
 albo.inficiar, Quodquidemvbiacceperic, autvndehabeat , fare equidem non poffumus: 
 Nee enim apud noftrates,nec apud excraneos fcriptorcs , reperire licuit, Sed vndecunq;ett, 
 fabulaeft,necveritatismicamhabet. Quamuisautcmfit incredibile, Lanasni^ras albo tnfici 
 c olore, cum traditum fit a Plinio, Lanarum nigras nullum imbibere colore m: Tauten limile 
 quiddam narratur aTheophralto :Flumen efle in Macedonia, quod ones nigras, alba„ reddat, 
 Et ilia, cuius etiam fuperius memini, raplbdia Noruagica, fpeculum fcilicet illud Regale.hos 
 ipfos fontcs Irlandis, qua; hodieHybemia,non Iflandia? efle affirmat. Quod forfan Le&oii 
 impofuitjin linguaperegrina,proR,S,legenu. 
 
 Non maiorem fidem meretur,quod Hittoricus quidam habet : EJfe in Iflandia faxum, quod 
 montiumpraruptanon extrinfecaagitatione, fed propria natina^motioneperho/itet : Jd qui cre- 
 dere volet,quid incredibile ducet? Eft enim commentum tarn inauditum,vt nullum cius fimi- 
 le, fabulatos fuifle Epicurseos (qui tamen multa incredibilia excogitafle Luciano vifi funt) co» 
 ftet.-Nifi forte hominem, qui lllandisproprio nomine Stein dicitur, fentit Hiftoricus rupes 
 quafdam circuifle,vcl circumreptafle,Quod,etfi ridiculum eft in Hiftoria miraculoiam referre, 
 hominemfcilicetmouerivelambulare,tamen ad faluandarn Hiftorici fidem, fimulandum : ne 
 figmentum illud,pcr le fatis abfurdum,ncc dignum quod legatur,durius perftringamus, 
 
 Eodem crimine tenentur,quicunq; lllandif ,coruos albos,picas,lepores,& vultures adferip- 
 ferunt: Pcrraro enim vultures, cum glacie marina, ficut etiam vrfos (fed hosfapius qua vul- 
 tures^ cornicum quoddam genus,lflandis 31faferafettr,aduenireobferuatum eft.Picas vci 6 & 
 kpores,vt & coruosalbos^unquam Iflandia habuit. 
 
 Atque bxc fere funt,que_ de prima commentarij noftri parte per quotidianas occupationes, 
 in pradentia,afferre licuit, Qux in hunc finem a me fcripta funr,(quod etia prius teftatus fum,) 
 vt fcriptorum de terra ignota errores,& quorundam etinm afredtata vanitas, patefierent : Neq; 
 enim eorum fama? quicquam detradt urn cupio : Sed quod veritati & patr z , opercm meatn 
 confecraram, illa,qua:hac~tenusdidta funt a multis.de lnfula,fidem valde exiguam mercri,ne- 
 ceffe habuioftendere : ac ita mihi viam adfequentia delncolis fterncre. 
 
 Commentary prima partis Finis. 
 
 Qommentarij de Iflandia pars fecunda : qu<e eft de incolis. 
 
 " Bfolutis hadtenus miraculis Iflandif ,(cum nonnullis alijs, prima? parti annexis)que. 
 ' dum fcriptores,velut Agamcmnonios quofdam fontes, imo, vt quiddam piaster & 
 >contiaomnemnaturam,mirantur J necnonvariedepridicant,minusventaiiipfi,& 
 lauthoritatifua:confulunc; monetpropofita?orationisferies,vtad alteram commen- 
 tarij partem nos conferamus,quze eft de incolis : Vbi quid primum dicam,aut vnde initium fu- 
 mam,non fatis teneo. Tanta enim funt in nos vltimos lflandos, & tot quorundam ludibria,tor 
 opprobria, tot fcommata,tot didteria,(A[quc inter hxc etiam nonnulla eorum, qui fimplicifli- 
 mam veritatem profiteri volunt, nempc hifloricorum) vt fi fingula recenferc velihi, non aliud 
 quam 
 
 IcarU mtmeram dicereconeraqua. Sed,vt dixi initio, non cum omnibus arque ftridto iure a- 
 oemus. Nam licet KrantziuSjMunfterus.Frifius.&alijjnimisaudaftermulta degentenollra 
 fcripferint : Tamen fuis monumentis dc ftudijs liberalibus alioqui bene meriti, etiam apudnos 
 eo erunt in precio, quo mcrentur. Vcrum interc a,etfi quis velit cos a calumniandi nota libera- 
 re, tamen non leue eft, eos tes quafdam tarn abfurdas,impoflibiles & ridiculas propoiiiifle.cu- 
 iufmodiillafuerunt, quxhaclenusexpoluimus,tumimpias,&atrocitatemendacio:um'bor- 
 rendas,cuiuunodiiamfequentur3liquot,inhifloriasretuli(re,Aftalijs > quicunq;funt,quiquo- 
 tidianisconuicijs nationcmlflandoruminceflunt,refpofio,quammerenrur,parata efle debet: 
 Ex quorum numero,fcurra ille fuit,qui rhythmis aliquot, in gentis noftrs contumel:am,Ger- 
 manicalinguaeditis,nomenfuumimmoitalidedecori confecrauit. 
 
 Quapropter.vtinftituti noftri ratioexigit,dumfcriptorumdehacrc monumentapcifequi- 
 mur,etfi quidam in eis occurran^quaE contumelii parum habent,nos tamen plaraq; excutie-- 
 mus,& errores,vt haaenus,annotabimus: turn fi quid veriin'.ereaattulerint,id nequaquam dii- 
 fimulabimus. Aceomodo,primumMunfterum,Krantzium,Friiium,&fi qui funt alij, audie- 
 mus.Graculo illo,cum fuis rhythmis Germanicis.dira calumnia mfedbs in pottremuni.vt dig- 
 nuseft, reiedtolocum. Inhuncigiturmodum, primum de fide feu Religi; n?lflandoruiTi: 
 Deinde de ipforum moribus,inftitutis feu viuendi ratione, authores ifti fctibuiu. 
 
 r S E C TI O 
 
The trueftate offjland, Traffiques 6c Difcoueries. 5^ 
 
 StCTIO PRIMA. 
 lAdalbertm^tetropolitanm Hamburgenfs, ^AnnoChriftt i ojo.vidit ttdChriflam conuerfos 
 IJlandos; licet ante ftifieptam Qrrifli fidem, lege Naturaltvinentes, non multhma legenoftm 
 difirep antes: itac]tte,petenttbus tilts, ordinauit quendam virumfanttHm,prwum Sptfccpitm, no- 
 mine JJleif, 
 
 KRantzius his verbis, &Munflerus alibi, fidci feu Religionis Chiiftiana: dignitatem 
 Iflandis videntur adferibcre: Facerencq; & fe,& veritace dignum.nifi eandem alias nobis 
 adimerenc. Nam (vtdeKrantzio infra) MunJterus , quaHupraprodidit, de fide noHra, feu o- 
 pinione circa Inferni locum ficumquc,omnin6 eft a ChriAiana pietaie alien urn : Vellefcilicet 
 lcrutari arcaua, qua; Deus fibi foli referuauit,qua?q; voluit noftrum captum excedei e : Non e- 
 nimreperitur de hac re quicquam in liceris facris,vbi locus vel fitus inferni feu ignis artei ni,Di- 
 abolo & Angelis ipfius.adeoq; damnatis omnibus animabus deftinati, determinetur, aut cir- 
 cumfcribatur;Nulluminquam,infra terram : feu in ea,aut vlla aliahmusmundi parte, corpora- 
 Jem feulocalem ficum lllidainnatorum carceri pagina facra aflignat: quinimo.terram hanc in- 
 teriturain,&terramnouam& coelos nouoSjiuflorum&fanctoiumhabitacula,creindaaffir- 
 mat: Apoc,2.2. Petri 2,Efa.6j. QuareChriftianus rerumadeoabftrufarum inquifitioncmli- 
 benterprarterit: turn dogmata nullis apertis&illuftribusfcriptura; facra: teftimonijsftabilita, 
 velutcerca&vcrarecipere,autalijstraderc,nefas effeducir. Deur.4.& i2.Efaj8.Matth.r7.Ji 
 Timoth.5. 
 
 DeindeetiampugnatacritercumPvdigione C!iriftian3, quoMunfterus&Kiantzius Ifl.in- 
 dos ornant, encomium : Eos videIicet,catulos ac pueros fuos jequo habere in pretio. De quo 
 infra,feclion.7.SicigiturfecumdiflidetMuniT.dumquosChiifiianosairerir, inferni architec- 
 ts alias facie: Item, Kramzius& Munfterus,duquos fide Chriftoinfertos affirmant, coidem 
 omni pietatis & honeftatis lenfu exuunt: quod fcribanc filios ab his, non maiore cura, quam 
 catulosdiligi. 
 
 Sedvtadrem:DcReligiorcequidenoflra,qua;qualifuefuerit,cuEthnici(musprimumfL:- 
 ,garica?pic,nihil magnifice dicere poffumus i queuiadmoflum nee alia Sepientrionis Regna vi- 
 cina,vti exiflimo.de fuis fidei initijs. Fatendu enicn eft, &.rumferijs gemitibus depiorandum 
 vfq; ad illam nunquafatis pnedicatam diem, quf nobis velut immortalitatis ini tiu illuxit & re- 
 purgati Euangelij do&rinam attuhc, tenebrasplufquaCimmerias, ctianoftris hominibus 3 vt 
 rcliquisSeptentrionisEcclefijSjoffufasfuifle. Illud tamenpie nobis fencireliceat,apud nos,vt 
 & in vicina Noruegia (nam nolo vltrafepta vagari.&depopulis ignotis quicquapronunciare) 
 eietcaprimumldoIoIaniaEthnica, fincerioremlonge & ftmpliciorem tidemfeu reiigionem 
 Chriftianam viguifie;quippevenenoPapiftica minus infec\a, qua poftea, vbi auetum Roma- 
 ns: fedis fermentum peftiferum 3 & malum contagiofum maturuit,& per tctum orbem virus fu- 
 um difrudic :Namvcpofteaapparebit,muItis3nnisanteqtia noua Poncificiorum IdoSolatria 
 vires & incrementum cepit , Iflandia Chnftum amplexaeft : & vt laudatiilimi duo illi Norue- 
 gia; Reges,quibusvt commune nomen,ita commune nominis Chrifti propaganda fiLidiLm&: 
 profeffiOjnihilnififidcminDeumPatrem.Filiumj&fpiritum Sanftum.fonabat. Dicoautcm 
 ilium Olaum Thryggonis F.qui Anno Chrifti 968. natus, Anno artatis 27. imperium Norue- 
 gia;adeptuscft,&primus,vtaccepimus,NoruegisCIuiftumobtrufit:qiiibus iir.peritabatan- 
 nis S.Ethuiccognominem, Olaum nuncupacumSandLi, HaraldiF. Qnianno Chrifti 101?. 
 aut circiter,imperij habenas arctius in primis obtinuit:Pcr annos fere 1 7.Chrifti dodtrinam au» 
 da<ftertradidit t Anno Chrifti iojo.abimprobisparricidisnefarieiuterfeclus, inpago Norue- 
 gia: §)tUkIa§>torjttm , proChrifti nomine cruorem fudir, 
 
 Habuitetiamnoftrapatria inter mulros alios quendam infignempietatc virum; cuiNialus 
 nomen erat,qui circa annum Chrifti 1 000 vixitin prardio feu villa Bsi'tljOjS !jttOl,fua in Paro- 
 chia lflandiaSjJLatnenurn : Quiq; rerum humanarurn experientia, circumfpedta animi pruden- 
 tia, fagacicate&confilio,habebanirinfignis. Cumenim,eiusfeculo, indomitisJflandiamoti- 
 busflucluaretjincolisanulloferefuperioremagiftraturepireffis, nullisfefadionibtisimmifcu- 
 it:P}urimascautaanimivirtuteacinduftriacompofuit: Nunquam vim frcit, nee paflus eft, 
 fi vltimum tantum in vita diem excipias, Adeo ftudiofc feditiones & tuibas vitauit ; aliofq; vi- 
 tareauteuadcrecupientesoptimeiuuit; Necquifquameiusconfilio , nifimaximoluocoin- 
 modoeftvnquamvfiisrnec quifquamab co, nifi cum vita; &fbrtunarum periculo deflexit, 
 Tam certum ab eo oraculum petebatur, vt vajde mirandum fit , vnde homini tanta futuroi um 
 euentuum,& cam certa coiedbira & confilium efle potuerit,quanta in ipfo deprehenfa eft. Vn- 
 de ipfiuscauta,prouidens&confilij plena fapientia,apud noUratcs in prouerbiumabijt:jl5i&IS 
 btt'ta ranctt : quail dicas,Niali confilium : veI,Niali confiliores gcritur,aut fuccedit : cum quid 
 prudenter & admirando cum confilio geftum eft, 
 
 Yy 3 Hie 
 
 ■ 
 
52zl The Englifh Voyages/Zltf trueflate oflfland. 
 
 Hiccum domiluae,a ioo.vinsconiuratisobcfdcm afilioipnus,ipiotamcninlcio patratam 
 cingereturj&inimicis domum vndiq; igni fuccendentibus.fibi videret fupremum fatum inlla. 
 re,aic tandem. Hasc quidem fato.hoc eft,voluntace diuina accidunr. Canerfi fpcm & fiduciam 
 inGhrifto fitamhabeo,nos(defe & vxore loquens) licetcorpus hoc noftrum caducum,inimi. 
 corumflimmis J mortalitatiscorruptionemfubeat,ab£ternistamEnflammisliberatumin.Sicq; 
 intethasvoces,&flammarumfauitiam,vuam,An,Chrlloioio.cuiii vxore&filiohoniicida, 
 finiuit, Voxprofe&o filijs Dei non indigna,aninue,cum mortis acerbitate Juflantis lumtuun 
 folatium arguens. 
 
 Hare ideo addidi, vt oftendam,qua conie&ura adducar ad exiftimadum mox initio Ghrifti- 
 anifmi (vt fie loquar) apud nos recepti, non ruifle tarn deceptas & errorum tenebris immetfas 
 hominum mentes,quam nunc,paulo ante haec noftra tempora fueiunc 
 
 Aft veto iam poftquam Dominus Deus per Lutherum,& Lut heri in vinea Domini collegas, 
 & pios fucceffores/alutisdo&rinamilluftrioremreddidit,mentiiimq; noftrarum gtaui vctcino 
 & denfacahgine excuffis/texcraiusedigito^oceft/piritu San6to,(Matth.i2.vcrf.28,)cordis 
 noftri auriculas vellicauit>ac oculos,quibus faluificam ipfius veritatem cerneremus, nobis ape- 
 ruic :Nosomnes&finguli credimus&confitemur DeumeiTcSpiritum.flohan^.verC^a:- 
 ternum Efai 40. verf. 28.) Infinitum (lerem. 23.veif.24.PfaIm.i 3 6.verf.7.8.p.) optimum 
 (Matth.io.i7.)omnipotentem (Gene.iy.l. Apocal.l.8.) Vnum efientia& naiura: Vnum 
 prouidentia:vnumefficicntia rcrum& adminiftratione (Deut.d.y.Ephef^.y.) Atpcrfonis 
 diuinitatis,proprieratibufque diftin£tum,Patrcrn, Filium & fpiritum Sanctum (M3tttt.28.1p. 
 & 3.17.) DeumPatrcm quidem,primam diuinitatis perfonam, cceli terrs& omnium rerum 
 creatorem(Gene.l,verr,i.&fequcnt.)Suftentatorem&gubernatore(Pfal.ii5.3.Hcb.j.3.) 
 Patrem Domini noftrilefuChnfti (Pfaim.2,7. &fequcnt:) & noftrum per eundem Patrem 
 (Rom,8. 1 5,) Animz & corporis curatorem(Luc. 12.1 j«)Tum Icftm Chritiunij lecundam di- 
 uinitatis perionam,filiuraDeipatris(Iohan.i.i8.&c.) Vnigenitum(Iohan,i.:p.Heb. 1.2.) a> 
 qualempatri (i,Paral.i7.i3,Iohan,i.i.) Diuni verum (Iehan.1.2 &c.) ante omnia creata 
 pra:crdinatu(i,Pet.i.20.Apocal.i^f8.&c4&ftatimpoftIapfum.prorniffumMtftiam(Gen, 
 3.1 5.)SandisPatriarchisidentidem proffiroigatiJm,vC Abraha?(Gen.i 2,3 &c.)]faje,Gen.26, 
 4.)Iacob,(Gcn,28.i4.)&promin r ionibusconfinriatum(Gcnei.4P.9.tfa.ii.i.io.)Sacr.fi. 
 cijsMofaicis(Leuit.l,2,&c.)EtaIijstypisprffiguratum:immolatione]faac(Gen,2 2.)ExDl. 
 tationea , neiferpcntis,(Num.2i.) i Iona (Ion.2.&c,) Prophetarum tcflimoniopioclamatum 
 (Efai7.l4,&c.)ac tandem inpler)irudirietcmporisvereexhibitum:hominem verum (lohan, 
 l,l4.&c,Pau].Galat.4,) mortuumlpro peccstis nofiris: reiufcitatumpropteriuftificationem 
 noftri (Rom^4.25.&c,)Afcendentem in ccelLm(A6r.l.p.&c,)acpro nobis ad dextcrampatris 
 fine intcrmilTioneinterpellantem(iJohan,2.i.&c.)perfpiruumSar.clumfi:um (qui tertiaeft 
 diuinitatisperfonapatri&filiocornpar&confubftantia!is,(A6ior,y < 4.)Ecclefiaml-,biverbo& 
 Sacramentiscolligentem (Matth.io',l8,Rcrnan,io.i4.&c,)Etad vitamauernam fanclifica- 
 tem( A6tor.p.3 1 ,&c.) Ac tandem corriummatisfeculis e ccelo venturum (After. 1.1 i.)Iudi- 
 care viuos & mortuos (i,TheiT,4.i j.)redditurum impijs fecundum opera lua, cofq; pcenija:- 
 ternis adiudicaturu (Mat.i 3 .42,& 25,41 .) credentes vero in nomine ipfius arerna vita dona- 
 turu.(Mat,2 5.34.&c.)Hunc,inquam,IefumChriftumredemptorem (Mat.-i.21,) Caput (i. 
 Corinch.i 2.27 )&Dominum noftrum (Ephef,4.y,)agnofcimus: Nofq; iliinomeniniacto 
 baptifmodareacdediiTc(Acl:or,2,38,) 1 EtperbaptifmuilliinferioseiTe(i.Cor.i2.i3.)aper- 
 re,tn°cnue,libere ac libenterfatemurac conteftamur : omnefquealios,quicunq; aliud nome 
 fub ccelo datum elTe hominibus,per quod falui fiant.cotnminiicuntur, ferio deteftamur 5 execia- 
 rour&damnamus. (Aaor,4.i2,)Verbumipfiusfancl:iflimumvnicamfalutis normam Mitti- 
 mus, illudque tantummodc^omnibushumanis commentis abicftis & fpretis, infallibilfmfi- 
 dei noftra; regulam & amuffim nobis proponimus : (Galat,i ,8, Efa. 2p.i 3 .Ezech.20,) Quod 
 <]uplicisTeftamenti,vcteris&nouiappellatione comple6limur.(Hebr.8.)traditumpcrPro- 
 phetas8iApoftolos(Ephef.2,20.)fingulari&immenfaDeibonitat€inhuncvfquedicmfem- 
 per in Ecclcfiaconferuatum&conferuandum inpofterum. (Matth.28.vlt. Pfalm.71,18. 1. 
 Cor.i 1.2(5.) 
 
 Deo igitur optimo maximo gratias exanimo& totope&ore aginius, quod etiam ad no!, 
 vaftifiirrointerualJoareliquoEcclefia: corpore diuulfos &vltimasmundi partes habitantes, 
 lumen hoc iuum.conceflum ad reuelationem gemium,& paratumante faciem omnium popu- 
 lormT>,olimpioSimeonibcnigneoftenfurn(N8minChriftoomnesthefaurifapienti3:recon- 
 diti) quod nunc totam noftram gentem radijsfuisfaluificis illuminat acfouet, pertmgerc vo- 
 luerir. Kffc ita breuitetjipfam fummamperftringendo , fides noftra eft,& noftra religio,quam 
 
 moftrante fpirim Sacfo,& ipfius in yinea Chrifti miniftris, haufimus : idq; ex fontibus Ifraelis. 
 
 Ann» 
 
, I ■ m III — " - - - 
 
 ThetTueftateofffland. Traffiques&Difcoueries. 5-5 
 
 t/lnno 'Domtm 1070 .vtdit adCbriflum Conner Jos Ijlandos. 
 
 DVbium nobis eft,vtrum his verbis die ere voluerit A'rvwtf «.?*«,lflandos primiim Anno Do- 
 mini I070.ad Chriftum efleconuerfos: an vero,priusquidcm efle conucribs nonne gcr, 
 fed eo primum anno id Adalberto innotuiiTe dicat. Vtrumuis autem a (firmest amen fidem ipfi- 
 us hoc loco (ufpeftam reddunc annales & Chronologii noftra* gen tis antiquiflinix, quae con- 
 trarium teftancur : quibus vtrum malis, de rebus noflns proprijs 6: domefticis & intra no- 
 ftKeinfulilimitcs.geftiscredere,anver6A'r<«»;«,»0jautcuiiiisalceri in nofiratium rerum hifte- 
 riaperegrino, fit penes tuum.,caiidideLe<5k>r, arbitrium.Egoprofe&omukis adducor vt no- 
 ftris potius aflentiar. Noftrates enim nota tantum & fere domeftica aflerunt; ille peregrina & 
 ignota* Hi fuas Chronologias fine aliarum omnium nationum labe,macula & lugillatione co- 
 texuerunttantumodojVt rebus geftis fuum verii temp 9 feu a;ram aflignarent; ille quedam cum 
 re & veritate pugnantia in contumelia gentis noftre; ignotiflimx.hiftoria: fin admifcuit,vt pau- 
 16 poftapparebit:hi omnium epifcoporulflandiinomina,annos,ordinem&fucceflumdefcri- 
 bunt:ille vnius tantum mcntionefacitjidqjlongefecusquam res habet.Porrovt his fidem fa- 
 ciam,pauca,qu£ in vetuftifiimis noftris annalibus de Iflandia ad Chriflum conuerfa,& deEpif- 
 coporumin noftris Ecclefijs fuccefiionereperi, quorum etiam fides apud nos publice rccepta 
 cft,cumextraneiscommunicabo.Quanamet(ilcuiufcula,nec omnia prorfusdigna qua? fcri- 
 bantur,lcribendaramen omninofunt ad nolrrarum rerum veritatem, aduerfus Krantz,tumSc 
 alios aftetendam : Sic igitur habent. 
 
 Anno Chrifti874 < priusquidem,vt ante commemorauimus, inuenta, fed tunc primum a 
 Noruagis (quorum princeps fuitlngulphusquidam, e cuius nomine promontorium Iflandia: 
 orientalis 3|ngulffBl)orTDt appellationem traxit)occupataeftIflaDdia,Hi plures quam 4oo,cum 
 Cognacis&agnacis&prgtereaniimerofafamilianominatim in annalibus noftris recenfentur: 
 nee illorum tantum numerus defcribitur, fed quas oras,qu«e littora,& qua: loca mediterranea, 
 finguli occupauerint & inco!uerinr,& quomodo primi inhabitatores,fretis,finibus, portubus, 
 IfihmiSjporthmiSjpromontorijSjrupibus/copulis^otibuSjCollibuSjVallibuSjtefquis/ontibus, 
 fiuminibus,riuis,ac deniq; villis leu domiciles fuis nomina dederint, quorum hodie plscraq; re~ 
 tinentur & in vfu funt.aperte narratur.Itaq; Noruagi occupatje iam Iflandia: ob.annorum fpa- 
 cio,aut circiter, habitabiles partes fua multitudine implent : Centum vero propemodumannis 
 Ethnicimanferunt,fipauciflnnos,quiini\far#rfj™*fortefacro fonte abluti fuerant , excipias, 
 Annis autem vix centum a primo ingreflu elapfis,mox de religione Chriftiana agi cceptum eft, 
 nempe circa annum Domini 974,quse res non fine infigni rebellione plufquam jo. annis va- 
 rie a mulcis tentata eft. Com memorantur autem duo Epifcopi extranei, qui cum alijs,in con- 
 uertendaad fidemChriftiiniula,diIigenter laborarint: Prior Fr«fe>7««,Saxonatione, quian- 
 no 98 1, ad Iflandos venit,atque docendi munere ftrenue fundus eft, ac tantum fecit, vt Anno 
 o84»facra:a:desiflandishivfufuerinr. 
 
 Alter vero ille extraneus Epifcopus fiue concionator, quern Thangbrandt nuncupauere,an- 
 no 997. in Iflandiam primum venir. 
 
 Hiacpoft26\annorumdifceptationemdereligione,tandcmAnnoiooo.inconuentugcne- 
 rali omnium incolarum decretum eft,vniuerfali eorundemconfenfu,vt Ethnicorum numinum 
 cultufepofito 3 religionemfe61arenturChriftianam, 
 
 Rurfus in folenni incolarum conuentu Anno 1 050.fancitum eft, vtleges feculares feu po!i- 
 tica^quarum conftitutiones allatas ex Normgia quidam Flfiotta, Anno 9 26,Iflandis commu. 
 nicatat)vbiquecederentiuri Canonicofeu diuino. 
 
 Anno lojrj.abit peregre ex Iflandia IJleifus quidam,in Epifcopum Iflandia: ordinandus. 
 "ReditordinatusinIflandiam,&CathcdramSca)holtenfemaditAnnoio57,Moriturio8o. 
 jEtacis 74,4.KaIcndas Iulias, 
 
 Videbuntur forfitan ha:c minutajconcifajviliajnecnarratione fatis digna, cum multis forte 
 qua; fequuntur:Sed ncc hiftoriam Romanam conteximus,nec tarn minuta eruut, quin conira 
 KrantZtij & aliorum errores conuincendos 3 prout noflrum eft inftitutum,valeanr,Et certc,qua- 
 tum ad fidem noltrarum GhronoIogiarum,conftat Saxonem Grammaticum non parum illis 
 tribuifle: Cuius.in praefatione iuxDanUfrxc funt verba, Nee Thylenfium inquit, (fie enim If- 
 landos ap^t\\ai)indu(lriaflentioobliieranda:quicum ob natiuamfolifterititatemJuxtirU ntttr'me- 
 tacartntes,off!ci4 continue fobrietatis exerceant t omniaq;vits momenta adalienorum operum nott- 
 tiamtonferrefoleant,inopia>ningertio^enfdMt. CunBarmncjuippeTnttionumresgeftas cogncfje, me- 
 mori£!j; mandare,voluptatis loco reputant,non minoris gloria iudicantes , alien as yirtutes differere, 
 quampropriat exhtbere, Quorum tbefauros Htjtortcarum rerum ptgnortbus refertos curiofus can. 
 {uiensfiaudparuamprdfentis operif partem ex eorum relatione tmitatione contexui:nec arbitros ha- 
 bere contempfrftios tat a vetuftatisperitia caller: now, Use SaxcQuare lubet Epiicoporu Iflandig 
 
 Cfttalogum 
 
 Krasuiw, 
 
 Chronologic 
 Iflandicse genu's 
 ami(]uiilimz. 
 
 VtiultiHimi an- 
 nales. 
 
 874 
 JOahdia primum 
 iiihabkau. 
 
 P74 
 
 Ftedericus Sjio, 
 
 Anno dom, 
 
 IOCO, 
 
n 6 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,^? truefiate of I/land, 
 
 Cat alogum pcrfcqui.vc ex annalibus notiris continuata di)igenter 3 quoad cms nen poult,om- 
 nium fenes,his qua: dc primo Ifleifo contra KrantzJum attulimus,fidem faciat» 
 
 Anno| EPISCOPI j EPISCOPI (Anno 
 
 Chrilb. Schalholtenfes. Holenfes. Chrifti, 
 
 
 II ( 
 
 I 
 
 -t 
 
 
 Gyffems. 
 
 Ionas Augmundi F« 
 
 
 1082 
 
 Ordinatur peregri. 
 
 Ifleifi difcipulus. 
 
 
 1083 
 
 "Redit in ijlandiam cumEpifcopattt, 
 
 Ordinatur peregr'e:anno atat, 6 : 4.cog- 
 
 1106 
 
 1118 
 
 ^Moritur f. Kalend.CMaiasquifuit 
 
 nomentum illi t fantlw:cu;w memoria 
 
 
 
 dies CMartis, 
 
 dies 3. Marti/ , apud Ifiandot eft Anti- 
 
 
 
 III 
 
 quum dicatus. 
 
 
 
 Thorlacus Runolphi. F. 
 
 Moritur 1 1 ,Ka/end,Maias. 
 
 1121 
 
 Annoa% 
 
 Ordinatur eode anno, quo pnedeeejfor 
 
 II. 
 
 
 tatis 3 2: 
 
 Gyttetmvitaexcejjit } fedtamenante 
 
 Ketillusyw Catullus. ! 
 
 
 
 illitu obit um 3 .die. 
 
 Ordinatur. 
 
 1 1 22 
 
 1153 
 
 (JWorttur. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 1 145 
 
 
 nil 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 
 Magnus. 
 
 Btojno* 
 
 
 1134 
 
 Ordinatur. 
 
 Ordinatusvenitm Ijlandiam, 
 
 "47 
 
 1148 
 
 Poftridt'efefli omnium SanUoru in vil- 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 1162 
 
 
 la facerdotali JIpiitarDal couiuansfia- 
 
 mi 
 
 
 
 naculo fulmwepercujfo^um viris 7 . 
 
 Btaridus, 
 
 
 
 flammis abftimptmeft. 
 
 Ordinatur, 
 
 1163 
 
 
 V 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 1 16$ 
 
 
 Klaingus. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 I 20I 
 
 1151 
 
 SUgitur. 
 
 V 
 
 
 II J2 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 Gudmundus^cjpowfftfto Bonus. 
 
 
 II76 
 
 tJMoritur, 
 
 Eligitur & ordinatur. 
 
 I205 
 
 
 VI 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 1237 
 
 
 Thorlacus. 
 
 VI 
 
 
 
 Eligitur biennio ante obit.prtcdecejforis 
 
 Botolphus. 
 
 
 II78 
 
 Ordinatur. 
 
 T^editordinattu. 
 
 1239 
 
 U93 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 1246 
 
 
 VII 
 
 VII. 
 
 
 
 Paulus, 
 
 Henricus, 
 
 
 1195 
 
 Ordinatur. 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 1347 
 
 1211. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 ^Moritur, 
 
 1260 
 
 
 VIII 
 
 VIII 
 
 
 
 Magnus. 
 
 Brandus. 
 
 
 1216 
 
 Ordinatur. 
 
 sAbbasperegre abit , 
 
 1262 | 
 
 
 IX 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 I2dj 
 
 
 Siguardus, 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 I264 
 
 1239 
 
 Cathedram edit. 
 
 IX. 
 
 
 1268 
 
 Moritur, 
 
 Iorundus, 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 1 167 
 
 
 Arnerus. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 I3IJ 
 
 1269 
 
 Cathedram adit \ 
 
 X 
 
 
 1298 
 
 Aloritur. 
 
 Audunnus, 
 
 
 
 XI 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 13 «.4. 
 
 
 Arnerus HeJgonis F. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 1322 
 
 1304 
 
 Ordinatur. 
 
 XI 
 
 
 1305 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 Laurentius, 
 
 
 1309 
 
 InNoruagiaabitlignadregeNorua- 
 
 Eligitur Or ordinatur. 
 
 1324 
 
 
 at a petit hrus, quibut templii Scbalhol- 
 
 Moritur Idib.sApril. 
 
 »JJV 
 
 
 tenfe readifiearetur, quod eodem anno 
 
 XII 
 
 
 
 fulmine t actum confiagrarat. 
 
 Egillus. 
 
 
 1310 
 
 Redtt ex itinere. 
 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 1332 
 
 1320 
 
 Moritur^ 
 
 Mori(Mr % 
 
 1 341 
 
 Ionas 
 
 XIII 
 
 
T 
 
 The truejlate offfland. Traffiques & Difcoueries. 5 7 
 
 ANNO 
 
 Chriffi. 
 
 1321 
 1322 
 
 I323 
 1338 
 
 *339 
 1341 
 
 »343 
 1348 
 
 »349 
 1356 
 
 136*2 
 1364 
 
 13*6 
 1381 
 
 Epifcopi Schalholt. 
 
 1385 
 1388 
 
 »3P4 
 
 1420 
 
 1432 
 
 J 445 
 1472 
 
 XII 
 Ionas Haldorus, 
 
 Sligitur. 
 
 Ordinatur Kal.AuguJli, 
 Cathedramadit. 
 UMoritur, 
 
 XIII 
 Ionaslndridi F.Noruagus. 
 Cathedram adit, 
 Moritur. 
 
 XIIII 
 Ionas Siguardi F, 
 Cathedram adit, 
 Moritttr prtdie 'Dint Magni. 
 XV 
 Gyrthus. ' 
 Ordinattu <t^Jloia Noruagorum , ab Epif- 
 nyoAfloenfiSalomone, 
 s/ibientperegreJiuBibfu vitamfinit, 
 XVI 
 Thoiarinnus. 
 Cathedram adit. 
 Moritur. 
 
 XVII 
 Oddgeirus, 
 Cathedram adtt. 
 
 Moritur in zAffmift. beats, virginUjn par. 
 tu Noruagia: Bergenfi, e mercittm aceruo in 
 tmumnauis delapjus, Sepultns Bergisin ade 
 Saluatoris. 
 
 XVIII 
 Michael Danus, 
 Cathedramadit, 
 Rejignat profettus in Daniam, 
 XIX. 
 Wilhelmus Danus, 
 Cathedram adit, Moritur. 
 XX 
 Arnerus. 
 Hie cognomento fuit SptHDttr .i.hberalii. 
 Gefftt vnapr&feBuram Iflandie totius: Spifco- 
 patu Scalboltenf t <& vice Epifcopatu Holense. 
 Obijt. 
 
 XXI 
 Ionas Gerickfon, 
 Suecus Jiue cognomento Jiue natione praeH 
 Eceleliis. Schalholcenfi:<w/w/?##c£ cjmdant- 
 mit audaUer tent at a, a quo dam Thorualdo de 
 Modruuollum(vtfama eji)captus,ejr alligato 
 ad collie Jaxo in amne SchalholtenJi,qui aponte 
 fiomehabet,viuusfubmerJus efrflragulatus efl, 
 XXII 
 Gofuinus. 
 Pr&eft Ecc/efa Schalholtenji. 
 XXIII 
 Sucno. 
 Diftus fattens pr&efl. 
 
 XXIIII 
 
 Epifcopi Holenfes. 
 
 XIII 
 
 Ormus, 
 Cathedram adit. 
 Moritur infefio omniuSanBorH, 
 
 XIIII 
 Ionas Erici F. cognomento 
 
 g>hall<r. 
 Cathedram Holenfem aditurtt, 
 venit m /Jlandiam , H'C Ionas, o 
 limin Epifcopum Gronlandix or- 
 dinatus, a Tontifice Romano impe 
 tram, vt liceret Jibe Spifcopatun, 
 Holenfem adire-, qui tunc tempor;) 
 vacabat, Vnde cum conjirmatio. 
 nem huius dignitatis acmuneris, a 
 Ponttjice acceptam , veniens no» 
 proferret,apud Prejbjteros dtoecejis 
 Holcnfis,fujpeEl* fidei ejfecaptt, 
 Qjtare ab ijjdem tnNoruagiam re- 
 legatus efl, vt ea res arbitrio Regit 
 componeretur . j\ege igitur ipfus 
 partibus fauente Cathedram Ho- 
 lenfem obtinuit, 
 Moritur. 
 
 XV 
 Petrus, 
 Ordinatur, quo anno pr&decejfor 
 rebus mortalium exempt us ejl, 
 Cathedram adit Holenfem, 
 Moritur. 
 
 XVI 
 Ionas Wilhelmus, *Anghts,Ji- 
 uegenere, fiue cognomine,prxfuit 
 Ecclejia Holenfi. 
 XVII 
 Godfchalcus. 
 Moritur. 
 
 XVIII 
 Olaus Rogwaldi F. praditt. 
 Godfchalchi exforore nepos, vter- 
 fyjNoruagus, eltgitur, 
 Moritur. 
 
 XIX 
 Godfchalcus, 
 "Demortui Olai nepos ex fiatre,^ 
 ille Noruagus ,ehgttur eodemanno 
 quopatruus decefftt. 
 Cathedramadit, ac per totos 20. 
 annos multos exjubdttis duriter ex- 
 ercuijje fertur. 
 
 Anno if zo. cu inter pocula c-T V> 
 luptates conutuales verfaretur audi- 
 retiLobijfJe lona S!gifmundu,^»f* 
 cum vxore <$• liberts multos anr.o 
 crudeltffime vexauerat, tn \ubttu • 
 morbttm repente incidit,&ficpau!r 
 lojifamfluatr, tota vita in mtfei c \ 
 ftibditoi 
 
 ANNO 
 Chtifli. 
 
 '34? 
 
 1358 
 
 Gronlandte 
 Epilcupui, 
 
 i 35 <s 
 
 i 3 pi 
 
 i3Pi 
 
 1432 
 
 '457 
 
 r 45 8 
 '497 
 
 1 500 
 
 I 
 
n% 
 
 The Englifh Voyagesflbe truefiateofljland. 
 
 ANNO 
 
 Chnfli. 
 
 Epifcopi Scbalholt. 
 
 EpifcopiHo/ew/fx. 
 
 1489 
 1494 
 
 151P 
 
 IJ22 
 
 I54O 
 I54I 
 
 1 544 
 1547 
 
 
 1555 
 1587 
 
 1588 
 1589 
 
 XXII II 
 Magnus Eiolphi F. 
 Praeft. 
 
 XXV. 
 Stcphanus, 
 Cathedram adit, > 
 
 Delude Godd'chalco epifcopo Holenji, qu, 
 crudelts nomen meritttt effe videtur ^Synchro. 
 nos ftmilem cum illo dementia & iufticix tan- 
 dem reportauit. 
 
 Moritw : aut circiter t 
 XXVI 
 Augmundus, 
 Eligitur anno obitm Stephani. 
 Cathedram adit. 
 Hoc epifcopa,prxfellti) regins cum comitibus 
 aliquot Scalhottam inuitatusjn ipfo conutmo a 
 coniuratis quibufdam inter feUus eft, ebqu'od 
 impi'e pajfim in mcolas $• bona tpfbrnmgrajfa. 
 fWf^.Augmundus verb tajiquamiftmsct- 
 dis author ;quanquamfe iuramento furgarat, 
 in Daniamtranfuetlus, Obijt. ' 
 XXVII 
 Gyfferus, v ' 
 
 Eligitur viuente Augmundo. 
 Cathedramadit , Tapifticarumtraditsa- 
 nam abrogator circa coniugium facerdotum: 
 Eius nt/ptia ScbalboliU celebrate 
 XXVIII, 
 Martinus. 
 Praeft,(fr fequsntibtss. 
 XXIX 
 Giflaus lonas, 
 Hicftatim,i\ugmuado epifcopo jcapit iuue- 
 ms vers.p:etatis(frpuritjrisdotirinx. Suangeli- 
 caftudio,& amore flagrare, candemcL paftor 
 eccle/ix Selardalejis dtligenter propagare,qua 
 ratione Pontifcioru odium adtb inje dertua- 
 mt,vt illorum mfidijs ac rabiei cedere coailus, 
 
 [ubditos vjus eft, vim cum miferabi- 
 It morte commutauit. 
 XX 
 Ionas Arsefonius. 
 
 Cathedram adit^etiam hie Papifti- 
 cariifuperftitionuvltimus tracer- 
 rimtu aftertor.Qju,cum Gyfleroc? 
 Marcino epifcopis ScalholtU acri 
 terreffteret, a pienttfj, Regt Chri- 
 (iiano tertio tubeturfubposnaexik, 
 protinns in Daniam aduentare. Sec 
 hoc negleUo , captum Martinim. 
 Schalholtia: Epifcopum cuftodta 
 mandauit. Tandem & ipje a virc 
 quodammagni nominit ,quemprius 
 vt fertur , laceffiuerat , captus, ac 
 SchzVnoh'izmadduHus , ibidemcu 
 filijs duobus, authoritate regit prafe- 
 cli s capitU fiifplicio affetlus eft. In 
 cuius vltionem,nomultb pcftprafe- 
 tltts tile reg:us,cum [ocijs aliquot, a 
 quibufdam ficarijs,decotiatorum 
 Itm famuli* ,r.efarie occifuseft. 
 XXI 
 , Olaus Hialtcrus. 
 nAbitpatria, 
 Cathedram adit. 
 
 Hie primus Jlnceriorit doElritt£ a- 
 pWHolenfes amor em tnmultorum 
 animi'y etiam adhuc pr&deccjforis 
 fui collega,accendit : DeinAe tan- 
 dem doilrinam Epifcopus aperttits 
 docuit Qrpropugnamt. 
 
 Moritur. 
 
 ..XXII 
 Gudbrandus Thorlacius. 
 
 Ille nen modbfua at«tis,fed&po- 
 (ieritatis ornamentum.Qutpr&ter- 
 qua quod incboatu opus a pr&decef 
 fire Olao Jibtre/thum dtscenteS 
 
 Hamburgum fe contulerit , vnde Haffhiam 
 
 Danorumprofeclus,in cospto vent 'Tbeologia iS.optime ad earn, quam dedit Deus 
 
 ftudtoftrenue pergens, in multorum,prncipue perfeUionem^eduxitifDicolabo- 
 
 verb infummaD.T), Petri Palladiftu tempo- 
 ris Epifcopi, familiar it ate & gratia viuebat. 
 Poslea, inde m patriam reuerfq, Martinus 
 fponte ceffit. (JHoritur & bicji.annosplus 
 minus Suangelium Iefu ChrilWprofeJJ'us: nee 
 tantum viua voce fed & quocunq^ demumpo- 
 tuit modo, docendo, dicendo,fcribendo t re & 
 cor.ftlio EcclefiamDe'i iuuit grpromouit, 
 XXX 
 
 Otto Enerus,wr grauis, pius & eruditus. 
 
 SleElus abitpatrta. 
 
 Ordinatur: 
 
 Redit & cathedram aditjfufceptify mme- 
 ris labores aggredixttr. 
 
 res&dtligetiam in ajjerenda vefi 
 tate Suangelica, &papifticisfupcr. 
 fiitiombus abrogandis)itiam in hat 
 patriafua offcinam Typographical?, 
 primus Iflandorum aperuitt Cuiid- 
 circo patria inter Ubros complures 
 in Unguam vernaculam tranflatos, 
 etiam facrofancla Hiblia.etegantif 
 [imts typts /Jlandica lingua : in offci- 
 na ipfius excufa,tn eternum dtbebit 
 Hie mquam Epifcopusprefens, of- 
 fietumfufcepturus. 
 eslbijt: 
 
 %edit & Cathedram Holen- 
 kmtngreditHT, 
 
 Ciica 
 
 ANNO 
 
 liuifti. 
 
 I5S5 
 
 t H 8 
 
 IJJO 
 
 'J5* 
 
 r55* 
 »5S3 
 
 1568 
 
 »S7 f . 
 
& be truejlateofljland. Traffiques,6cDifcoueries. 
 
 n9 
 
 Circa ha*c igitur tcmpora mentibus noftris e ccelorcddica lux ett, & regm cceleltis lanua 
 per finceriorem do&rinse Chriftianae expofitionem referata. Nam & Schola triuialis in v- 
 traque Cede Epifcopali, laudatifllmi Regis Danix Chriftiani tertij munificentia & pietate,circa 
 annum 155 j.fundata eft : ac fiibinde patris Chriftianifllmi eximiam pietatem imitanre filio, 1 
 Diuo Fr/^Wrofecundoregenoftrofancliflimo, Anno 1588, ad ccelcrtcm patriam euocaro, 
 aufta & promota: qua: etiam hodie,clementiflimi regis & prmcipis noftri,Chriftiani 4.fauore 
 &nutuvigetfloretque : in qua iuuentus noftra: Infulae , artium dicendi & facrx Theologi* 
 rudimentis imbuta, ad fcientiam & vcram pietatem formatur, vt hinc miniftri Ecclelia- 
 rum petantur. 
 
 Pcruenimus tandem ad hodiernum vfq; diem in Epifcoporum Iflandise catalogorquo pre- 
 dict! viri clarifllmi Dom. Gudbrandiu Thor/acitu,8cDom. OttoEnertuille Holis, hie Schalbol- 
 u<t Ecclefiarum iiuu antiflites : quorum vtrumque, vtDeus opt. max. Ecdcfia: fua: faluum & 
 fuperftitem, propter gloriamnominisfuifancMimi,diuconferuarc velit, omnesferio & ar- 
 dentibus votisflagitarmis, 
 
 SECTIO SECVNDA. 
 
 Specas habitant plernm^aut admontium latera in excauati* manfiunculis.Et mox.-Templa habent V"? 1 *' Kllnrt - 
 mult a & domos ex ojjibtupifcium & balenarum conflruBas.Item: Multi etiam adpellendamfii- 
 gorli a/pert iatem in cauernis latttant, quemadmodum slfiieani ad [oils nftp.m vitandum. Item 
 Mft»jlerus,Multitn IJJandta bodie coslis fir offibus balenarum, domos fuas conflruttnt^c. . 
 
 HIcmcmbrumfecunduminitium fumit.de incolarum viuendiratione & moribus. Etpri- 
 mum,quibus vtanturedificijs feu domibusmempe fecundii Munflerum 1 Krantx,ium,Fri/i- 
 um i ( / yc,Specubus & montium cauernis. Quamuis autem in fplendidis ajdificijs, alijsq; id "enus 
 mundani ornatus pretiohs rebus parum ineft,quod ad vere beatam vitam conferre queat, ta- 
 men nee hie veritatem tacere poflumus : dicimusq; omnino Cofmographos & Hiftoricos in 
 errore etiam hie verfari.Etenim, cuiufmodi genu's publica domicilia eflc fcribunt, ea fiiht tan- 
 tum in paucis locis,tum magalia,vt opilionum,tum pifcatorum cafa: & receptacula,eo tantum 
 anni tempore quo pifcatura: opcram dare,aur propter grcgem excubare opus habent. At ipfas 
 domus/eu ipfa horoinum domicilia, antiquitus quidem fatis magnified & fumptuofe, quoad 
 huius terra: fert condkio,ligno,cefpite & faxis habueruntlflandi conftru6ta,vfq; adillud tcm- 
 pus, quoilliscumNoruagis,quilignafufnciebant,negociatio, & mercium commuratio eflc Ntgotiatio cum 
 defijt, qua: inde paulatim collabi incipiunt: Cum nee lyluas sedificijs aptas habeamus.,nec flu- ^"X'albiii* 
 dtuum maris beneficio iam vtolim ad littora,quod minima ex parte fufticiat, adferatur : Nee nismdelata. 
 mcrcatoresexcraneiinopiasnoftra: fuccurrant.Vndeplurimarura ignobiliora abaniiqua ilia 
 integritare multum declinarunt,& iam quxdam collapfa funt, qusedam ruinam minamur, Ni- 
 hilominus multa funt prsdia,multac villa:, quas haud facile rcceniuero, quarum jedificia vete- 
 rem illam excellentiam imitantur,& quarum domus funt maxima;,& lata: & longa: , cum pla?- 
 rumquebene alrs.Vt exempli gratia, Prardia feu villa:, qua: cubiliahabentplufquam jo.cubi- 
 toslonga,io,lata,alta2o,TumreIiquasdomus,ytccenaculum,hypocauftum,penuarium&c. 
 huicfuaproportioncrefpondentes. Poflum multa nofiracium sedificiaampla &vafta,nec in 
 Jpcciem deformia pec ob artis ftrufluram & fumptuofam nrmitudinem,(eu fobur,contemne- 
 da cum aliquot delubris,fiue facris a:dibus,folis lignis,antiqua & operofa grauitate & pulchri- 
 tudine exftruclis commemorare:Cuiufmodi eft templum Cathedrale Holenfe atrium habens, 
 cuius columna: vtrinque quinque,vlnas ty.alta:, y.circiter crafla: : turn trabes ac tigna, & reli- 
 quum culmen,huicfubftruftioniproportionalitet refpondens. Ligna ad hociplum atrium 
 Anno 1 58if,horrendatempeft^tecollapfum,clementiirimus Rexnofter D.Fridericux, cuius 
 nobis lacratiflima eft memoria, Anno 158 8,benigniflime largitus eft, Ipfum vero templii atri- 
 um fiium omni quantitate manifefte excedit : turn templi intima pars qua: chorus appellari fo- 
 ler,&templimeditullio,&atriomagnitudinenonnihilcedit, Erat autem hoclonge maiuso- 
 Um i \tsccepiSchalf>o!tenJe,quod iam bis concrematum, ad inferiorem magnitudinem reda- 
 clumeft.Prxtereaaliquot aliatemplanofirf Inliila:, horum antiquam magnificentiam imi- 
 tantia licet non jequantia, Sed hie ncquaquam resexigerevidetur,vt in prolixiorem eius rei 
 defcriptionemeuager.VteninvDornus&xdificianoftra nihil deprgdicamus : ita eorundem 
 nos nihil pudet, quod contend paupertatenoftra Chrifto gratiasimmortales agamus,quia 
 nobis vilitefto n6dedignaturrecipi,quodq; templa & domus noftras,quas MunfterusjCrant- 
 zitu,Sc Frtjius pifcinm & balenarum oflibus non vere dicunt exttruiias, non afpernetur magis, 
 quam ilia extraneorum culmina matmotea,parietes vermiculatos, pauimenca teflelata, reli- 
 quumque id genus otnamenti. 
 
 SECTIO 
 
Munftenis. 
 
 Krar.uws. 
 
 ; - — i — — — — - — ■ — ■■-- i ^ ^ 
 
 54.0 The Englifti Voyages,T£t? truejtate of f /eland. 
 
 SECTIO TERTIA, 
 
 Ctmtmml teUo } viBu,jiatH, (hie Krati tzius habet,(irato) gaudent cum iumentis t Item : Solotafln 
 peccorum&nunccapturapifcium'viclitant. 
 
 HAec funt & fequentia,qua? Krautz.ius fuo Munflero pra?manfa,in os ingeflit,ade6 vt Man- 
 ftero non opus fuerit ea vcl femcl maflicare,quod ex collatione vtriusq; patet. Mmflertu 
 enimh2copprobria,vtexiCra«f^infuam^r*^Mwprifationehau(kdegluficrat,uaea- 
 dem ci uda lib.^Cofmographia: capit 8.in gentem noftram euomit.Qujeha&enus fuerunt,«fi 
 fads grauia funt, tolerabilioratamcn eranr. Hoc verocommentum malignifllmum,& quaefc- 
 quentur,non facile cfi fine ftomacho pra?reriie. Noftrum igitur eftjetiam hie vericatem aflerc- 
 re, & mendacium in Authoris caput retorquere, 
 
 TeQo: Primum igitur quod de communi te6to,(vti etiam de vi6hi & ftatu) cum iumentis di- 
 cunt/alftim & erroneum clamamus , tefte non modo re ipfa, fi quis id hodie perquirere volet: 
 Sed etiam multorum excraneorum, qui aliquot apud nos annos egeraiit,& veritaci plus quam 
 gentem noftramcalumniandiaffe£tuirribuunt,experientia; qui ipfidomos&habitationcs no- 
 Hrasvideruntj&noruntinfingulispridijsfeuvilliSjniuIta^efl'ediftiuritasdorr.usrnempeinab- 
 ie$i(Timis&viliflimis7.vel8,inmaioribus,nuncdecem,nunc20, Inmaximis,nunc 40,nunc 
 50; qu£vtplurimum,& te&o&parietibusdiftinc't.a?, vni poffeffori vel domino, raro duobus 
 aut tribus, rarifsimep'uribus inferuiunt , ac vfibus quoridianis&domefticis fufficiunt t Vnde 
 facile mtelligis,Leclor, quam veteeodemtefto cum iumentis vtanturlflandi, cum finguli ru- 
 iticiinhacdomuumvaiietateipeculiariabouilia.ouiliajequiliajagnilia^ebitisinteruallisdifli- 
 tahabeant,quaeferui, queries opus eft,petunt,vhdcrurfushabitationemfubindereperunt. 
 
 Quod autem quidaminmappa]flandia?depruuincia i§>ltapnD2t>annotauit, /«£««/«« te- 
 flo homines y ctnes,fues & oues,viuere, partim fallum,partim minime mirandum eft, -De ouibus 
 quidem, vt iam di<ftum eft, & pra?cipue fuibus ^cum ilia prouincia fues non habeat)falfum:De 
 canibus haud mirum,cum illis necregum aula? caruerint nee hodie careant, v t niinis omnibus 
 eftnotum.Sedde canibus paulopoit.Sect,7,huius. 
 
 Vttlu. An iumentorum pabulapoflint commode viftus appcllatione contincri, meruodu- 
 bitauerim:CumZJo/ff«> ) C/c , i??'o*«interptetemagcns ) dicat:Vi£lum,inquit,cumiureconful» 
 tis, ita exponemus, vt villus verbo contineantur, qua? efui, potui.cultuiq; corporis, qua?que ad 
 viuendumhominifuiitneceflaria.Et^wwMijjdeverborumfignificatJjfdem verbis viftumde- 
 finic, Hoc loco vero Authores illi, etiam iumentorum pabula,vi6tum appellant, 
 
 Ca?terum videamus quomodo hie cluceat veritatis & candoris pra?ftantia.Iumenta non ha- 
 bemuspra?tcrquamequos8tboues:His gramina&fcenum(nihvbifceni inopia obrepit)pa- 
 bulum.aqua potum pra?bet. At hiipli fcriptores fatentur,lflandospifcibus, butyro, caroibus, 
 tumbubulis, tumouiIlis,etiarof[umentOjlicetpauco&aduenticio,viuere. Non igitur cibum 
 habent cum brutiscommunem, quod tarnenijdem his verbis aifcrunt: Communt viElugaudent 
 cum iumentis: Quod quid fit Munflero s ipfe pauIo fuperius haudobfeure docuit* lflmdta,\n- 
 C^ii^populosmultoscont'met^olopecorumpaflu^nunccapiurapifciumviBitantes^ Quid autem 
 eft pecorum pall us, aliud , quam pecorum cibus ? ziftDoletut: nifi Munfterus forte pecorum pa- 
 ftura, ipfa pecora ad pafiumhominumma&ata appellet : cui,vt exiftimo, vfus Romanorum 
 rcfragatur,qui,vt homines vefci^ta pecora pafcidocuit : hominumque vi&um, pecorum au- 
 tem,paftum & pabulum vocari iuffit. An vero exiftimem tarn dementes fuiffe Munilerum Sc 
 A>««r^/«OT,vtfenferintlilandosgraminibus&foenoviuere?Quo m\fer\x Nabuchodonoz,or,di- 
 uina?vltionisiugumfubicns, redaclus eft, Dani.4. 36, Facile dabimus multa,quibus homi- 
 nes,non modo noltrates, fed veftrates quoque vefcuntur, iumenta & pecora forte non reijec- 
 re,fifamiliaripabulodeftituantur. Vrequifrumento&panibushordeaceis pafcuntur: ijdem 
 lac (quemadmodum etiam vituli&agni)&cereuifiam, fioffer*atur,bibunt,& quidem auide. 
 Sed & canes qua?uis fercula& cibariadeuotant. Anidcirco quifquam dicet, homines commu- 
 ni vidlu cum canibus & iumentis gaudere? 
 
 Iam qugcunq; famis graflantis tempore contigere, pro vniuerfali gentis alicuius confuetu- 
 dine in hiftoriam rcferri non debent, Vt non licet nobis de extraneis fcribere, huius aut illius 
 terra? populos canum, murium aut felium vfu viftitarc folitos, ctfi forte fame,fiue obfidioue,fi- 
 ue alioqui annona? chantate inualefccnte immifla, id faChcarin t, 
 
 Potum autem interdum efle multis cum iumentis communem non magnopere contra ibi- 
 mus:nempeaquamlympidiftimam,naturalem ilium potum, omnibus animantibus a Deo 
 creatum : quern etiam ex parte, medicina?confulticomcndant, iroo nee pattes Hebra?i,necip- 
 fc Seruator nofterf aftidiebat. 
 
 Ad amiftum vero quod attinet,(Nam & zmi&umviBui vocabulo comprehendimus) ne« 
 
 quaquam 
 
The true flute offjhnd. Traffiques,6c Dif couenes. 54. 1 
 
 Occafio harum 
 fabularum. 
 
 quaquam hie cum iumentis communis eft. Ilia enim pilis & villis mtura i quod <_7Uunfte- 
 rumh.Krtmtz.iwn nouifle iurarim) veftiuit: homines jalioqui nudi, pannis corpus induere ne- 
 cefle habencHic indumenta, qua: quidem lfiaiidiafuppeditat,ex Janis ouium conficiuntur. 
 Sed non cogitaram ideo recle dici, ami£him cfle nobis cum ouibus communem, fiueeundem. 
 Vtuntur etiam extranei pannis ex ouilla lana confe&is, licet artificio fubtihore . Sed de indu- 
 mentis nihil : Stultum enim eft > exeolaudcm velfuperbam ajftimationem qusercre, quo4 na- 
 ture noftrannflrmitatem arguit» 
 
 Statu. Reftarilleftatus,quem cum brutis habere communem dicimur.Qiuqualisaut ciiiuf- 
 modi fit,aut eum effe velint noftri icnptores,certe non facile aflequor. Status, inquit Dolttus % 
 eft velcorporis,velcaufarum,velordinis&c6ditionis,Ceitealiumefleftat(imnoftri corporis, 
 quamiumentorum(nam prater duos pedes ctiam manus habemus,& corpore ac vultu lurfum 
 ere&oincedinius) aliumitem ordinem & conditionem noftram ducimus.Illiboni viri, li id de 
 fe aut alijs cognitum habent/ateantur.Nos hxc tarn vana & in Deum creatorem noftrum tarn 
 contemptibilia irridemus , nee prolixiore rradtatu dignamur. 
 
 Csetcrum quia noftrum eft, necamoripatri3?,nec vlli reitantum tribuere, quin plus Temper 
 &vbique veritati largiamur : Dicamquidfit, quod huic infami fcriptorum conuicio occafi- 
 onem forte dederit. 
 
 Sunt in vicinia5eWfo/tM,adlitt(js//7W/' l eauflrale,parcechiolxtres,inter duos rapidifllmos 
 amnes ©jtojfaa & ©Iffrjoi^Sa intercepts ;qu£&fyluis&cefpitibus,confueto gentis ad 
 focos alendos fomite, fere deftitmintur. In iftis parcechijs habitantes,& fi qui lint vicini,quarn- 
 uis plureseorum, vt de omnibus rebus, ad rem familiarempcrcinentibus, ita etiamdehis, 
 qusadfocos&balneaopushabentj fibi oppoituneprofpiciunt : Tamen funt inter eosqui- 
 dara, fedmfimstantumfortiscoloni, qui quoniam iftis rebus domi deltituantur,necaliuiv 
 de petere eas valeant,in culinis fceno ad coquendos cibos vtuntur : Aft vbi hyemis niuofas fgui- 
 tiahorridaingrutt,coloniiftimiferiadfuumbouilerefugiunt, illic icilicet exftru&is tabulatis 
 interdiu operas domefticasexercentes,abobus,cumfocoshaberenequeant,calorern niuruan- 
 tur, quemadmodum mihi ab alijs narracumeft.Sicq; illi rantum,qui fane paucifllmi funt,com- 
 muni cum bobus tec~to,in bruma,vti quidem non gaudent,fed coguntur.Verum vi&um & fta- 
 tumlonge alium habent,de qu3 re ha&enus.Hfc eft in iftis Paroechiolis quorundam fors & in- 
 opia,quorum conditio idcirco etiam apud nos fabula vulgi eftefla eft, quamuis non fatis iufte. 
 Vbi,quo iure toti genti tribuatur,quod vix ac ne vix quidem de iftis paucis colonis verum eft,Ii- 
 benter quaefierim? Tscdet de his pluribus agere: Tantum quia mihi cum Theologis res eft,illud 
 Salomonis ijs reponam. Qui calumniatur egenum,deridet fadlorem ems, 
 
 Equidem quia gens hicnoftra pauper & egenaeft&fuit, acveiuti quidammendicus in. 
 ter diuites, tot excrancorum probra & fcommata tulir, Sed videant cui exprobrenr.Cerre,fi a- 
 liud nihil nobis cum illis commune eft,tamen omnes ex ijfdem conftamus elememis,& vnus £c 
 idem omnium Pater, Dens. 
 
 S E C T I O OJV A R T A. 
 
 Inpmplicitate/anttavitam agunt, cum nihil amphus qusrant,quam xatura concedit. 'Seatagens, Knottius. 
 cuittspatipertatinuttus inutdet.Sedmercatofes s,4nglici & D 'ani quiefcere gentem nonjinunt, Manftct * 
 qui obpijiaturam euehendam t err am illamfiequentantei cum mercibm omnigenis vitia quo a no* 
 ftrainucxeruHt.Nam&fruges aqtumifcerein potumdtdtcerunt, &fimplicts aqtu haufltu ode* 
 runt. Nunc aurum & argent urn cum nofim admtrantur, 
 
 SImplicitate. Equidem fan else fimplicitatis laudem nobis attribui, merito gaudemus : Sed id 
 dolemus, quod reperiatur etiam apud nos iuftitiae ac legum ingens deprauatio, ac magna 
 anarchia,quam multorum fcelerum mytiades conlequuntur; quod pij & boni omnes quotidie 
 deplorant. Id mali aute nequaquam fupremi Magiftratus,hoc eft, Regis noftri clementifllmi, 
 fed verius noftrapte culpa accidit : qui fcec qua; clam ipfb pnpoftere geruntur & qua? in infe- 
 liore magiftratu defidcrantur, ad maieftatem ipfius non deferimus, 
 
 Mercatores. Mercatoresporrd,non folum Angli& Dani,fed maximeGcrmani,vtnunc,ita 
 olim terram noftram,non ohpifcaturam fed pifces auchendos frequentantes, nequaquam ar- 
 temillam, mifcendarum frugumaquje, Iflandos docuerunt. Quippe ipfi Notuagiprimi, 
 quod nobis conftet,terra; noftra: incola?, a quibusoriundi funt Iflandi, artem illam, ficut etiam 
 aureos argenteofq; nummos,fecum ex Noruegiaattulerunt,vt initio non fuerit minor argen- 
 ti & aurivfusapud nos,quam efthodie. 
 
 Et quidem ante Danorum,Germanorum,Anglorumuefrequentes ad nosnauigationes,ter- 
 lanoftj-amultOjquamnuncjfenefcentismundiincommodajCalolbloqsperfentienSjfertilior, 
 
 Z z in 
 
 Prouub.14. 
 
54-i The Englifh Voyages,T/><? truejlate of ff eland. 
 
 in deIe<5ti(Tunis quibulquclocis , Cereris muncra produxit, 
 
 Munaems. SECT I O Q.VINTA. 
 
 Krantiiui. -j^ v j) an i A qui fr Noruagia quotannisprtfettum immittitgenti. 
 
 ANnoDomini 846.natuseft//'<ir(j/J»/Cpat:fagre(quod auricomum vel pulchricomum 
 dixeris)QuideindeAnno8 58,RexiV«-»<i^defignacus, vbi itas vircfque iuftum in- 
 crcmentum acceperunt, formam imperijNoruagici mutauic»Nam antea in minutas prouincias 
 diuifum (quas fplkt vocabant, & qui his pnerant regulos, Jf plktB iXotlfta) ad Monarchiam 
 armis potentibus redegitjd cum & geneie & potcntia valences aliquot regni nicola? igre fer- 
 rcnt,pacriaexulare,quam ipfiusTyrannidisiugumnondetreitaremaluerunt . Vndehi inlf- 
 Jandiam, antea quidcro aquibuldam vifam&inuencam, at defertam tamen,colonias, diclo 
 fuperius Anno874.tranttulerunt:Atqueficgenti noftrse origincm prebentes, fe Iflandos 
 nuncuparunt, quodnomenhodiepofteri retinent.Vixerunti[aqueIf|andidiu,nuI!iusimperi- 
 umagnofcenteSjannisfcilicetjSd.plusminus, EtquamuisRexNoruagii Haquinm tile co- 
 natus, qui omnium tcgum Noruagiae diutim"me,nempe plufquam 66. annosimpetium gere- 
 bat, fsepe per legatos tentatat tributaries fibifaccre lflandos,conflamertamenfcmperreftite- 
 I i6e> runt.donec tandem circa annum Domini 1 26o,homagium ipfi priftarenr. Acque poftea fem- 
 Marg«eta. per in data fide perfiftentes , & regibusNoruagigparences.traDflato per Afargaretam, Danix, 
 Sueci»,& Noruagiaereginam,Noruagorum impcrio, ad Danos,vna cum reliquis impcrij Nor- 
 uagici InfuliSjSereniflimum Danif regern;Dominum & Regem luum hodie falutant. 
 
 SECTIO SEXTA. 
 Krantiim. Omniainter eoscommunia fmt,pr<ttervxoreSt 
 
 MunltciM. 
 
 HOc loco primittit Krantz.ius talem Ironiam. 
 fJMulta infgnia in moribw illorwn, &c Porro etiam hie fidem veftram eleuat ingeni- 
 • um,ad afferendum res incompcrtas nimis procliue,cupidinem nouitatis, & nominis ac rams, 
 imo verkacis curam prjpofteram arguit,omnium & rerumperfonarumq;,& temporum expe- 
 rientia : O fcriptores fulpiciendu 
 
 Teftes funt leges politico, quibusindeab initio cum Noruagisvfi funt eifdemlflandi : Dc 
 Rege & fubditis : De foro, & his qui in forenfem difceptationem cadere polTunt: De hseredi- 
 tatibus:adoptionibus,nuptijs.,furto, rapinis,mutuo,contraiftibus &citeris: Qui omnia, 
 quorfum illis, quibus res omnesfunt communes? Teftes funt, totde bonis mobilibus & 
 immobilibus contentiones , turbi &certamina,infoiisaciudicijs Iflandorum: Teftes fun: 
 RegesnuncDanix&olimNoruagii,quitotlibellisfupplicibusIflandorum,ad componen- 
 das lftas de poffeffionibus controuerfias , olim & nunc interpellati fipe fuerant. Teftis contra 
 feipfiim I<rantz.ius, cuius verba diftin6tion.i.huius,ha?c fuerunt. tsinte fufceptam Cbrifti fi. 
 dem (Ifland i) lege naturali vittentesparum a kgenoflra difcrepaba»t,drc.S\ lege natun,certe le- 
 ge ilia iuftitia:,quxtribuit vnicuique fuum : Si lege iuftitii,cerce proprietatum & dominio- 
 rum diftincYiones in noftra gente locum habuifle oportet: Quanquam autem in hanc ipfam le- 
 gem etiam in Ecclefia, & quidem fatis atrociter,fipe delinquitur: tairien & Ecclefia & Ethni- 
 ci iuftiiTimam& optimameffe Temper faffi funt» 
 
 SECTIO SEPTIMA. 
 
 Catuhifuos&puew&quo habentinprecio: Ntf quod a yauperioribut facilitu impetrabis filium 
 quam cuttiltimj&c. 
 
 QVamuis principio huius commentarioli cenfuerim , Mtintterum & alios magni nomi- 
 nis viros, in ijs, qui delflandia fcripta reliqueruntjeffe a calumnii notaliberandos:num 
 tamen id hie, etiamacandidiffimo & maxime fincero quocunque fieri polTit, non fatis vi- 
 deo, Quid enimmouittantos viros, vtNautarummaleuolas nugas & mendacia fecuti,tam 
 atroci &contumeliofoopprobrio gentem noftramdiffamarent,commacularcntque? Nihil 
 profe&o, nifi fecura ridendi & contcmnendi gentem pauperem & ignotam, licentia, & fi qua? 
 Hint huic vicia confinia. 
 
 Cauerum norint omnes non tarn Iflandis,quam ipfis Authoribus,incommodare hoc men- 
 
 dacium.Cum enim illud, & plurima etiam alia in hiftoriam fuam accumulant, efficiunt vna,vt 
 
 alibi quoque fufpe&ie fidei habeantur. Illudq; quod ait nytriftoteles^ncnnius^tcumveradi- 
 
 xerintjllisfinefujbitione non credatur. 
 
 Scdage Lector, fubfifte paulifper.mccumq; grauitatem&fapientiamtantorumvirorum 
 
 ' expends: 
 
 
yhetrueftateoflfland. Traffiques,&Difcoueries. 54.3 
 
 cxpcnde :NetantumIflandia:Elogiuminta6tumpra'terearnus, Docuerunt hactcnus Krant. 
 zam & MunfterH) : Iflandos ejfe Chriflianos. Item: lfi.wdos ante fufcep tarn Chriflifidem lege natu- 
 rali vixijfe. Item ; Iflandos vixijfe (ege madam non mull urn a lege Germanorum dtfcrepante . Item: 
 ^/*^«w»»y^»ff^y"wy'«'<''f.AdcldumigiturLc<ftor,&qiiasChriftianilmi J Lcgisnaturalis,le- 
 gisGermanoru,fancla:fimplicitatisnocasAuthoresillirequirant, &inIflaiidismonftrentac 
 depingant,perpende.Vnaf'uit fupra,qudd infernum fiue carcerem damnatorum montis Heclg t 
 voragine& radicibuscircumfcribant Iflandijdequo videSe6i,i,huius:&fec't.7.prior.part,Al- 2 
 tera nota,qu6d,cum Anabaptiftis , proprietatum & dominioium difiin&iones tollant : de quo 
 Sect, priced. Tertiacaque longe excellentifiimahajc eft: illi pra?clari afreclus naturales, a- 3 
 mor ,cura,& animus tain pius& paternus Iflandoruminliberos, quod videlicet eiufdcm pre- 
 cij Tint apud illos canes & filij,aut hi etiam viliotis, Siccine nobis Munftc/e & KrantxA Legem 
 Chrt(it,n<ttttr£ i Cjermanorum i ©■ fmttam fimplicitatem depingitis ? O picluram prarclaram & cx- 
 cellentem,quamuis noprorfus AqelUam-.O Inuentum acutum & admirandum, fi bene authen- 
 ticum:Ofctentiamplufquamhumanam,ecfinonprorfusdiuinam<. • 
 
 Nos verb Iflandi.quamuis vltimi & gclidam conclufi ad Ar<3on, longe alias Chriftianifmi 
 notas requirimujt.Nam & prsceptum Dei habcmus,vt quilibet proximii diligat velut feipfuro. 
 lam nemo eft,puto,qui feipfum non plus diligat,aut pluris faciat,quam canem.Quod fi tantus 
 efle debet proximi cuiuflibet fauor , tanta aftima tio, tantus amot , quantus qua?/b ciitin Iibe- 
 ros? Quorum arcti(Timumamorem,pr£terqiiam quod ipfa parens natura nobis firmiflime co- 
 cniauic J etiamLexdiuinacuramfummaminenutriendohaberciufiit,(Exo.i2.24.Ephe.6,4,) 
 vtlcilicet fintin l'ancloconiugio,Ecclcfi£quaedamfeminaria,omnispietatis & honeftatis cx- 
 ereicia:Proutvatesillepulcherrimececinit» 
 
 Z>nlt £ccleJ!olamtjnamlibet ejfe domttm. 
 
 Item.- 
 Conitigium human a qu&dam eft tAcademia vit&, 
 Vt iam latis conftet.apud Chriftianos longe pluris faciendos&curandosfiIios,qu;Lmcanesi 
 Et.fi qui non alitercurent,Chriftianos non efle. 
 
 Sed & hie in prolem dulciflimam affe&us naturalis in Ethnicis etiam latis aperte confpici- 
 tur:vt fi quos hoc penitus exueris, eofdem etiam homines efle negaueris. Monftrant id matres 
 Carthaginenfes.cum tertio bcllo Punico adolefcentes qui'q; ledtiiiimi obfides in Siciliam mit- 
 tercutur,quos ills flctu & lamentatione miferabili ad nauescomitatx, & ex his quzdam a fili- 
 orum complexibus a:gre diuulfa:, cum ventis pandi vela cernerent, nauefq; e portu egredijdo- 
 ]oreftimuIante,in(ubieclosflu&usdin11uere;S^Zfa0*«rWir, Monftratexfi^fw,quinauem 
 filijTfeyJ'jCumvclisatricoloris.exCretaredeuntemcerneret, perijflefilium ratus, vitamin 
 proximis vndis finiuit , Saielltcjib t ^ t cap.^ 4 MonRt3t Gordiams fenior,Africar proconful, qui 
 finiiliter.obrumoresdemortefilij.vitamfufpendioclaufir.C^/wpo/w^wlib.y^cap.y.Monftrant 
 idem locatta Creontis R\\a,*sfu8olt* SinonU ¥,*Amhs Tufcorum Rex,Orodes Rex Parthorum, 
 & alij numero innumero : De quibus vide {tarJib.2,.P/*/4>'c£iw»,& alios,&c Hue iilud. Amor 
 defeeHdit,&c,hde6,vtv'ideis non minus efle homini proprium, fobolem intime diligere, & 
 funmioamoreprofequi.quamauivolare; vtfi iam aliquando homines efle Iflandos, ncdum 
 Chriftianos fcriptores'noftrifaflifintjiuncamorem&affecluin in filiosijfdem,quantumuis in- 
 uiti&repugnantes,adfcribant:finroinus,nonmod6hoministituluro& dignitatem illisdetra- 
 hant/cd etiam infra bruta & quafuis bc{iias,quz ipfe,ftimuiante natura,maximo prolis fux & 
 arctiflimo amore tenentur,deprimant, 
 
 Non addam contra hoc impudens mendacium exempla etiam noftratium fatis ilIuflria:Ta- 
 ccbo leges noftras plagiarias ipfis Iflandis antiquiores, quippe a Noruagis acceptas, qua; ex- 
 flant in codice legum noflrarum,titu!o SpannhelgC: cap.5. Si quis hominem libcrum (quem- 
 uis.nedum filium)extraneis vendat,&c. 
 
 Iam veto fi quis eoforcunatdeucniatjVtproprium filium 3 iTue incoke, fiueextranei alicuius 
 poteftari,vcl fame vel extrcmaquacunq; vrgentencceflnate,autpericulo 3 permictat,ne fame- 
 licum inedia deficientem afpicere cogatur, canem verd in proprias dapes referuet, Is minime 
 dicenduseft filiumxquoaut inferiors loco habere quam canem, fiue idfaciant Iflandi, flue 
 extranei quilibet. 
 
 Offenderant forte Germanoru vel Danorum nautf apud nos mendicos quofda,liberis onu- 
 flos,quoruhicmaximuscftnumerus,quiiocando,vtfuntnugisfcurriIibusaddi6ii,dixerint:Da 
 mihiautvende hoc vel illud I Cumq; togarint extranei: Quid tumihiviciflim?Reiponderint 
 medici.Habeohberosio.vcl i4,daboexeis vnuvelplures,&c.Soletenim ifta mendicorum 
 colluuies iftiufmodi fcurriles dialogifmoscum extrancis inftituere, Quod (i turn quifpiam bo- 
 nus vir,mifertus fioliditatis &inopif mendicorum, vno illos filio leuaucrit, eique propter 
 
 Zz z Deum 
 
 i 
 
544 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,71tf trueftateoflfland. 
 
 Deum in alijs terns, aliquo tandem modo bene prolpexerit, nummendicus, qui aJioquicum ' 
 filio, fame & paupertatc moriturus, (ilium miferenti permittit & commi ttic , filium ifium fuutn 
 minoris tacit quam canem? Prgftitum eft a multis tarn Iflandis quam extraneis huiufmodi be- 
 r.euolentiae & commiferationis opus : ex quibus fuit vir nobiliflimus Acciliusluhus a fereniffi- 
 mo rege Dania ohm miflus ad Iflandos, Anno Domini 1552. Qui vt audiui, 1 5. pueros pau- 
 pcrculos aflumpfit & fecum in 1>aniam auexit:Vbi poflea ipfius beneficio fingulos fuo vita; ge- 
 neriaddi£tos, in viros bonos & frugieua(iffe 3 mihi narratum eft. 
 
 Quid fi quis in extrema conftitutus anguftia,filium non modo vendat; fed fi emptorem no 
 habet,ipfe maftet & comedat? Nota funt huius rei exempla : Parentum videlicet inuits cru- 
 deiitatisinfilios,flimulantenoodiove]aftorgia,fedineuitabilineceflitatecompeIIente.Num 
 quis inde vniuerfale gentis alicuius couicium exftruxerit ? Legimus, in obfidione Samaria: ma- 
 tresduasfiliosfuosmadaflej&coiSoscomediffer^Reg.C.ci^LegimusinobfidioncIerofoIy- 
 mitanajquamflebilisnieritvoxmiferrimsmatriSjfiliummifelluniiam ma&atuxzjnfans,ait, 
 (referam enim Eufebij verba de hac re,etfi notifTima 3 vt miferx matris affecms appareat,)w//S/- 
 le & infeltx,cuinam in hoc bellifamisffrfeditimii tumultujte commode referuem ? Si Romanorum 
 fubijeiamur imperiojlltc feruttutis iugopreffi y vitam infeliciterexigemus.Sedferuitutem credo fames 
 anteuertet. AcceditfaRioforumpr&donum turba, his vtrisc^ miferys toleratu multb afperior. tsfge 
 igitur mignatejts matri cibus, (tspradonibusfurittffs sommuni hominum vitis.fabula i cjf.z res vm 
 ad Iudx or urn calamities de effe videtur;Qu<z cum dixijjit, tiatum trucidat^ajjatum^ dimidtu max 
 comedit t di>nidwm referuat,&c, Eufebius Itbro $ % capite 6. lam quis eft, qui non credat mi- 
 ferrimam hanc mattem filium hunc fuum , domini alicuius , fi fe obtuliflet , apud quern cre- 
 didiflct fenlatum irijaut emptorispofleflionifuifle permiffuram ? Nota eft fames, Calaguri- 
 um,Hifpania: vrbem, olim a Cneio Tompeio obfeflam opprimens (fal. libro feptimo cap, 7.) 
 cuius ciuibusjvxores&liberi in vfumextrcmsdapisconuerfi funt, quos profedto, pro ciba- 
 rijs& alijsdapibushaudinuitivendidiffent.Notaeft quoque fames, qua; Anno Domiui8jl. 
 (Vincent, libro 2j.cap. 36.) Germaniam attnuic,vtetiam pater filium fuum deuorare voluc- 
 ric. Notumetiam eft, poft mortem //fawifeptimilmperar. fame perttiennium continua- 
 ta,quomodoparentesliberos, vel libeti paventes deuorarint, &pra;cipuequidemin7'*/<7»/4 
 ScTohemia. Etne exempla tantum antiqua petamus,accepimus tantam annona; fasuitiam, 
 Anno 1 586, & 1 5; 87, in Hungaria graflatam fuifle, vt quidam alimentorum inopia adacliim- 
 manifllmoChriftianorumhoftiproptios liberos vendiderint, & in perpetuum feruitutis iu- 
 gum manciparint : quidam paruulos fuos , quos vltetius tolerate non fuftinebant , crudeli 
 mifericordia in Danubium proieciffe, & fuffocafle dicantur. Sed, num hare & fimilia ex- 
 empla quempiam eo infania; adigent, vt dicat hanc vel illam nationem, liberos inefcam 
 propriammaaareconfueuiiTe,Turcis libenter vendere,autaquisfubmergere& fuffocare folita 
 efle?Non opinor.Sic neq; qubd mendici apud Iflandos,extrema vrgentc neceflltate, cuius du« 
 rifllmi funt morfus.filios fuos libenter amittant,toti genti,& quidem probri loco,communiter 
 adferibendu eft a quoquam,nifi apud eunde omnis pudor,candor,humanitas,veritas exulent. 
 
 Cseterumoptarimego,parcius Iflandis canum curam exprobrare illos populos , quorum 
 matrons, &pra?cipue nobiles,canesinmaximisdelicijshabent,vteosvel in plateis, ne di- 
 cam in facris concionibus.finu geftent.quem morem inperegrinis quibufdam , quos Roma: 
 catulos fimiarum & canum in gremiocircumferrcCrf/Sr confpexit, hac quaeflione reprehen- 
 ditidum quasreret : Numquid apud ipfos mulieres liberos non parerent? Monens errare eos, 
 qui a natura inditos fibi aftcftus , quibus in amorem hominum ac prarcipue fobolis incitaren- 
 tur,in beftias transferunt , quarum deliciarum voluptas,lflandorum gentem,nunquam cepit 
 aut habuit. Quare iam Munfiere & Kra»tzi,z\hs nobis Chriftianitatis,(vt fie dicam) legis na« 
 tut£,legis item Germanorum,& fancte fimplicitatis notas quatrite, 
 
 SECTIO OCTAVA. 
 
 Epifcopumfuum coluntpro Rege : ad cuius nutum refpicit totuspopulus,Quicquidex legejcripturis t 
 & ex confoetudmealittrum gentium conftituttflttamfanHiobferuantt 
 
 FVitequidem initio fere ad repurgatam Euangelij docVinam maxima Epifcopi obferuan- 
 tia; fed nunquam tanta vt exteris legibus aut confuetudini cederent noftrat leges politicar, 
 ex nutu Epifcopi , Nee tempore nAlberti KraMz,j , multo minus t&tmBeri (quorum tile 
 1517, hie 1552. port partum falutiferum deceflit) Epifcopi Iflandorumregiamobtinuerunt 
 authoritatem,cum fcilicetmulti ex ijs , qui diuitijspauloplus valebant,aduerfus ipfos confur* 
 gerenon dubitarint; quzres apud nofttatesliquido conftat, Interim tamen Epffcopi,anathe- 
 matis fulmine terribilcs , alios in fuam poteftatem redegcrunt , alios furibunda faruitia id tcm- 
 porisperfecutifunt, 
 
 Porr6 
 
 Krantiius. 
 
 M under us. 
 
ybetrueftateoflfland. TraffiqueSj&Difcouenes. 54.5 
 
 Fori 6 etii cum fuit magna,imc>maxima Epifcopi obieruantia, tame nunc dilpulhs tcnebris 
 Papifticis,alia ratione homines Sa:an aggreditur,eorumq; mentes contemptus libettate & re- 
 fraitaria comumacia , aduerfus Deum & facrum minifterium,ctiam hie armare non negligit. 
 
 SECTIO NONA, 
 
 Illic viilitantplerMm^pifcibtu, propter magnampenuriamfittmenti, quod aliunde a maritimls ciUi- Mun "« r . 
 tatibus infertur :&qui inde cum magna lucropijces exportant.ltcm Munfterus, llltc ptfctbtts in- 
 durate vtuntur loco pants qui illic non crefitt. 
 
 Vide Lcftor,quam Munfierum muet, eadem oberrare chorda: vt cum de gente ignota 
 nihil fcriberepoffit, quod colorisaliquidhabeat,vclfalfa afferre, vel eadem fepiiis re- 
 petcre, deque cramben eandem recoquere fuftineat: Dixerat enim pzulbsme^Jlandospifcibus 
 viuere. Verba ipiius fupcrius etiam recicata , hzc funr. Iflandiapopulos continet multosjolopeco- 
 rumpaftu& nunc capturapifciumviUitantes^&c. Er vt camera tranfeam in quibuslcue quid- 
 dam nocaripoterac; Illud iane,paneminfJlandianoncrefiere, perquam verum eft. Quod eti- 
 am illicum Germania commune eiTe crcdiderim,qu6d videlicet nee illic panis crefcat.nifi for- 
 te in cJW««/?w agro,vbi etiam acetum naturale optimecrefcit. Sedhax.troporum indul^en- 
 tia,fcilicet,falua erunt. Ad conuicia autem,qua: ex vidu Iflandorum petunt extranei,infra pau- 
 cisrefpondebiturjSeft.ij, 
 
 SECTIO DECIMA. 
 
 IncoL res maiorttm &fui temporis celebrant cttntibtu & infculpuntfcopulis^tque promontorijs , vt Mmiitt. 
 
 nullapificumnatur&tmuriajintercidantapudpofteritatem. Kranuius. 
 
 Cythar&di,®- quiteflitudme ludunt,apud eosrepcrmntnr quam plmmi, qui pradulct modttlamine F "Gin. 
 
 & volucres drptfees irretiant & capiant. 
 
 QVinvererum gefta aliquot cantibus&poeYnatibusnoftratium, vt&foluta oratione, a- v«mmgdii 
 pud nos conferuentur , non negamus. Quod vero a nobis aut maioribus noftris eadem * ?ai s " lando * 
 icopulisvelpromontorijsinfculptafunt,eamnonlicecnobis,vtnequeillam tantam Cithara;- 
 dorum,aues aut pifces demulcentium,laudem accipere.Statuimus enim animi eflc generofi ac 
 veracis,vt crimina falla rcfcllere , ita laudera iaimeritam fibi haud vendicare, nee, etfi quis tri- 
 buat,agnofcere, 
 
 SECTIO VNDECIMA. 
 
 SEd cum fcriptoribus iam di<3is,viris alioqui fpe&ata: eruditionis &prf clari noruinis,qui ta- 
 men ha:c ica inconfiderate fcriptis fuis interferuerunt,a<5tionis finis efto. 
 
 St iam magna met pars eil exhauHa laboris: 
 Sed reftat tamen fcetus ille vipereus Germanicus, quern idcirco anonymum fecundo partu 
 mater edi voluit,vt venenatis aculeis nomen Iflandorum tanto liberius pungeret. 
 
 Porro licet aduerfus hancbefliam in arenam defcendere non dubitem, omnibus tamen 
 conftare volo,quonam hoc animo faciam, videlicct,non vt cum illius peftifera virulentia,con- 
 uicijs aut maledicentia cert cm (Nam vt eft i n triuiali paroemia, 
 Hocfcio pro certo } quodft ' cumflercore certo, 
 Vincojeu vincor,[emper ego maculor-) 
 Sed vt bonis & coidatis omnibus, etiam extraneis, fatisfaciam, qui maledicentiam iflam 
 Germanicam lec/turi velaudituri funt,aut olim audieriut, ne & hi nos merito calumniam tan- 
 tam fufiinere credant : Turn etiam vt alios qui iftisvirulentis rhythmisGermanicis, ingentis 
 noftra: opprobrium vtuntur, & inde dicteria & contumeliofas fubfannationes ad delpiciendos 
 Iflandos petunt,ab ilia mordendi licentia in pofletum,fi fieri poflit, abducamus. 
 
 Ergo, nelongisambagibusLe&orifaftdiumoratio noftra pariat,adeanarrandaaccedam, 
 qua: maledicus ille Gcrrrranus in fuum pafquillum congellit : Quern etiam lua de Iflandis car- 
 mina Encomial tica recitantem in his pagellis inttoducerem,nifi praeuiderem foetum ilium pro- 
 brofum,tot&tamvarijsmaledi£tisturgidura, omnibus bonis naufeam fnouere poiTe, ac fua 
 Ipurcitie ab ijs legendis abftcrrcre. 
 
 Rcferam igitur pracipu3,(ijs fcilicet omiflis qua: cum alijs communia habet.atque ha(5tenus 
 ventilata func) fed,quam ille.longe mitius; ne,vt dixi, lingua: ipfius obfecena petulantia, aures 
 bonae&eruditasoffcndaiitunQuiipfumvidcre aut audirevolct,qua:ratapudpropolas. Nobis 
 inquam,non eft in animo putidaipfiuscalumnia&conuiciorumfentina, has chartas inquina- 
 re, Primiim igitur obijeit Germanicus hie nofter, fi Dijs placet, Hiftoricus : (Jfrlultos expaflo- t, obkaiofeu 
 rtbus Ijiandu totobiennio facram concionem adpopulum nullam habere; Vc in pnorc edition?, contt i" l " n . 
 
 Zz 3 huius 
 
54^ 
 
 The Englifh Voyages/I he truejtate of J j eland. 
 
 huiuspafquillilegitur,quod tamen pofterioreditioeiufdem refutat: Dicens,eofdem paftores 
 inintegroannotantu quinquiesconcionari folitosiquatduo quam rite fibiconfentiant,videas 
 boneLe$or,cumconftetAuthorernrnoxaprirnaeditione vixvidiffe Ifbndiam, Ita fcilicet 
 plerumq.mendaciummendacioproditur, iuxtaillud : Vrrumveroconfentit:Falfumnecvero t 
 necfalfo. 
 
 Sed cum noftrum non fit veritatem vfpiam diflimulare,nos haud negandum ducimus con- 
 dones facras circa id tempus,quo ifte Sycophanra in Iilandia vixir, nempe anno 1 55 ^.aut cir- 
 citer multo fiiiffe rariores, quam fuut hodie,tum fcilicet tenebris Papifticis vix dum difcufTis. 
 Quod etiam de Pfalmis Dauidicis a vulgo latine demurmuratis, vt ide noff ratibus exprobrat, 
 intelligere eft : Paptftz enim totam fpem falu tis in fua Mifla collocantes, de condone aut do- 
 $rinaparumfuerefolliciti. Poftquam veto caligine ilia exemptifumus, aliter fc rem habere, 
 Deo inprimis gratiasagimus: Licet quorundapaflorum noftrorum tardam ftupiditatem,feg- 
 nitiem & curam prarpofteram non poffimus omni modo excufare. Quod vtrum in nullos fuo- 
 rum popularium etiam competat,alia: quoque nationes viderint. 
 
 2. Consilium. 
 
 SECTIO DVODECIMA. 
 
 Sectmdo calumniatur vitilitigator : <±/iduheria (jrfiortationes non modo public a ejfe & fie qui htm 
 feeler a inter Iflandos :fed ab ijsprofcelere ne baberi quidem. 
 
 ETfi autem fcediffima? idx turpitudines etiam in noftra repub, non prorfus inufitata? funt: 
 tamen cum omnibus conftet in alijs quoque nationibus longe etiam frequentiores efle, 
 cum ibi quoque populifrequentiamaionimrnerito&rnaligne hoc nomine magis lflandos, 
 quampopulos&gentesrchquas, quarum,vtdixi,nomcnetiam plus noflratibus hoc ctimine 
 male audit, nocauir. 
 
 Et licet ex animo optarim Iongc minus ad fcelera, & turpitudines in noftra patria conniue- 
 ri,quam paffim hie fieri videmus : tamen etiaminnataiIlamordendilibidine,hocveterator in 
 pieknti conu\iioMtemit:\ide\\cet,qubdfceleraiFtaab fflandis pro fee/ere non habettntur. Nam 
 in qua demum repub . id impudens ille afferere audet ? Wane; qus in legem codicis 11. titulo 
 SPann!jClgc:cap,28.iurauit;que ftatuit,vt iterum adulterium qui cum coniuge alterius commi- 
 feritjConfifcatisfuisboniSjCapite etiam ple6latur?lllane,quseproaduIterio, afamulocum vxo- 
 re domini commiffo.non ita dudum 8o.thalerorum mulclam irrogauit? Illane,quse eundem,ii 
 ad ftatutum tempus non foluerit vel vades dederit,in exilium profcribendum decreuit ? Illane: 
 cuius leges politicar,quemuis in adulterio cum vxore,aviro legitime deprehenfum, fi euaferit, 
 homicidij mulclam expendere iubent? IIlane,cuius itidem leges politic£c,in complexu matris, 
 filia? aut fororis, a filio,patre,veI fratredeprehenfutrijvitam fuam dimidio eius, quod quis fi c- 
 undeminfonteminterreciffet,expendereteneretur,redimere iubent? Illane. cuius leges politi- 
 co adulterium fceleris infandi nomine notarunt & damnarunt ? [Et in eo tertio deprehenfum, 
 capiteple£tendum feuere mandant? 
 
 Cernisigitur,Le<5torbenigne,quaminiuriumhabcamusnotarium,dicentem:Adulterium& 
 fcortationesin Iflandiapeccati aut fceleris nomen non mereri.Nam licet politici quidam hoc 
 vel illud fcelus impunitum omitttant,non debet tota gens,non leges/ion boni & pij omnes,eo 
 nomine inius vocari,autmale audire, 
 
 SECTIO DECIMATERTIA. 
 
 TErtium conuicium ej} l quofraudis&ferfidi& erga Cjertuanos IflindU notam inurit.Ymt autem 
 proculdubio famofi huius libelli author,cerdo & propolacircumforaneus,multofq; Iflan- 
 disangulos,fordid2mercatura* gratia, oftiatim adierat : quodipfede fe in praeclaris illis fuis 
 rhythmis xt^tur^maxtmaljlandidpartemfbiperagratamejfe, Vnde cum ipfe mala fidecii mul- 
 tisegerit (plerumq;enimfraus& mendaciaconiunguntur,&mendacemfefui(Te,hacingeiiij 
 fui experientia fatis probauit)etiam fortea fe deceptorum fraudem effexpertus.Hinc ilia in to- 
 tam gentem criminatio extititiDifTunulato interea,qua fide quidam Germanorum,quibus an- 
 nua eft nauigatio ad Iflandos,cum nofiris hominibus agant.Ea autem querela, cilm non alios 
 conuiciari,fed aliorum in gentem noftram immerita conuicia monfirare inftituerim, confulto 
 fuperfedeo. 
 
 SECTIO DECIMA Q^V A R T A, 
 . $.«.& 7.Con- Quarto : negat in conuiuijs quemquam difcumbentium amenfafurgert: fed matres familial fmgults 
 conuiuuquotiesopusfueritmatellasporrigere.Preterea variant conuiuiorumedendtbibendia^rH- 
 fticitatemnotat. 
 $ Cubandt &prandendi ritm obijeit : qmd decern pita minus in eodtm ISo promifcrte t/iri cum fa- 
 
 minis 
 
 j.Cor.'jiiiurn, 
 
 4- 
 uiua. 
 
ybetrueftateoflfland. Traffiques,&Difcouenes. 54.7 
 
 minis pernottent , inque Ictto ctbwr. capiant : at% imereafe non ntjialex aut latrunculorum ludo 
 
 exerceant. 
 Sexto. CalttmniatHr eofdemfaciem&osvrinaproluere. s 
 
 Septimo. Niiptiarum , Jponfa/ium, natalitiorum celebrttatem tfrfimerttm rims contemptuos'e ex- n 
 
 tentiat. 
 
 H/Ec & huiufmodi plurima in gentem infontem,imo de fc & fuis optime mcritam, impu- 
 rus calumniator euomit, Qua: quidem eius generis funt,vtillide his refponderepror- 
 fusdedignemur. Nam vtdemus (quod tamen non damus) aliquidhuiufrnodi apud homines 
 fordidos, & ex ipfavulgicolluuieinfimos,quibufculongefa'pius,quam bonis Schoneftiscon- 
 uerfabatur,animaduertiflepra:claium hunc notarium Germanicu (vixerat enim, vt eius rhyrh- 
 mi teftantur,diuriufcule in locis maritimis lflandia:,quo fere promifcuum vulgus,te mpore pif- 
 caturf annuatim confluit,& Dam extraneoru nautarum, quam fuanequitia corruptum, farpius 
 inhonefte mores & vitam inftituit) Tamen manifeftiorem eciam hoc loco iniuriam nobis facie 
 vnius nebulonis & defperati Sycophante turpitudine, tota gente (vt fere folent eua alij)afper- 
 gendo,quam vt refutatione v 11a indigeat. Cuius rei etiam ipfi extranci in nolira Infula non pa- 
 rum verlatijlocuplccillimi teftes cite poflunt. 
 
 Poflem multas eius farina? fceditates,rufticitates & obfecenitates, etiam in ipfius natione dc- 
 prehenfas colligere. Sed odifacundiam caninam,necin aliorumopprobnudifertu effeiuiiat: 
 nee tam tener efie voIo,vt verbuhs tranfuerberer.Id tantiim viderint boni & pij omnes,cuius lie 
 animi,peffirna quasq; ab vno au t altero defignata,toti genti obijeere. Si quis Germanie aut al. 
 terius nationes vrbes & pagos omnes peragret, & fcekra ac mores pefTimos ,furta, homicidia, 
 parricidia/cortationes^dulteriajinccftuSjluxuriemjrapinas&rcliquasimpietatescx'obfcceni- 
 tares in vnum coa£tas,omnibusGermanis,autalioquialtericuiuis toti nationi communes efle 
 airerat,atq;hsEComniaini]gnicermentiendo,exaggcrer,ifne optima; rei ftudiofushabebitur? 
 
 Sed quid mirum,Iicet verbero,&,vt proprie notem,porcus impurus,i{te,inquam,Rhythmi- 
 fta,naturam &ingenium fuum eiufmodi loidoria prodiderit? 
 
 • Notum eft enim porcos,cu hortosamamiflimos intrarint,nec Iiliu nee rofas aut flores alio- 
 qui pulcherrimos &: luauifllmos decerpere:Sed roftro in ccenum prono,quicquid efiluti & fter- 
 
 corisvolutare 3 vcrtere&inuert ere, donee impurifllma^oceftjfuogenioapptimecongiucntia 
 eruantjvbi demum folida voluptatepafcuntur. 
 
 Ad iftum igitur modum hie porcus Rhythmifta,optima,& quae in rroftra Repub, laudibilia 
 efrepofiunt,ficcopedepr2terit,peiilmaquaTq; J atq;ea ) velanullo,veladmodumpaucisder!r'- 
 natajhoc eft,fua: natura?,& inge nio aptiflima, vt fe efle,qui dicitur,re ipfa probaret,corrafi: :vn- 
 de poHhacporcinomen exmoribus &ingenioipfius factum/ortitor, 
 
 SECTIO DECIMA QJT I N T A. 
 
 NOnum conuiciumhic recenfebimus,quod a viftu,ac prarcipue cibo ac potu Iflandorum 
 maledicus ille porcus, non vno aut paucis verbis , fedprolixainuedhua petiuit:Nempe 
 qwdctbis vtantur vetHftU,& infuljisjdqjinepanis vfu : Turn etiam quodvaria & incocnita extra- 
 neis pi fcium genera illisfmt efui,&aqMm acfertim latlisinpotum mifcear.t,Qzx£ omnia venena- 
 tushicpafquillusdifertacontumelia,&ingeniofa calumnia,pulchreamplificauit, 
 
 Ca?cerurn etli ilium prolixiorerefponfionenondignemur: tamen propter alios, qui hodie 
 hancrempartim mirantur,partim haudleuiter nortig genti obijciunt,paucahoc locoaddenda 
 videbantur. 
 
 Primum igitur totamhanc gentem bipartite, fecabimus: Inmendicos, &hosqui& CiSi 
 cum alijs etiam mendicos alunt. Mendicorum,& eorum qui ad hosproxime accedunt,omnia 
 cibariarccenfere aut examinarehaud facile eft,nec quod ilIoscdere,autedifle,extremaaIiqua- 
 do coegit neceflitas, reliqug genti cibarioru genera autnumeru prafcribere fas eft. Nam & de 
 fuffocatisquidem non comedendis legem habemus inter canones, quorum feruantiiTimavi- 
 dcri voluit antiquitas. 
 
 Deinde etiam tempora diftinguemus.vt nihil mirum fit, graflanteannonsfeuitia,muIta a 
 multisadexplendamfamemadhiberiautadhibitafuifle, qua: alias vix canes pafcant, Vtnu- 
 perrime de Parifienfibus accepimus, Anno 1 590, ardtiflima Henrici 4. Nauarm obfidione 
 pref!is,& famem Saguntinam, vt P, Lindebcrgius loquitur, perpeflis ; eos non rnodo equi- 
 nam,fedmorticinamquoquecarnemexmortuorum offibus in mortario contufis farina? pugil- 
 lo vno aut altero mifto,confe£tam,m fiias dapes conuertifle; & de alijs q'uoque populis notum 
 eft, qui ficnili vrgenteinopia,etiam murium, fclium & canum efu vidtitarint. Sic etiam Ifhn- 
 disaliquando vfu venit(quanquam a caninajimiriiim & fclium, vt &humana carnc hactenus, 
 
 nobis 
 
 ^.ConuJcium, 
 
54-8 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,T/>e true fiat e of f /eland. 
 
 nobis quantum conftat, abllinuerint) hcec non ab holle obleifis : Nam cum ad vidtum nc- / 
 ccflaria ex terra maiiquepetant, &abextraneis nihil commeatus, autparumadmodumad- 
 uehatur, quoties terra; marifquemunera DEVS prsecluferit, horrendam annona;carita- 
 tem ingruerc & ingruifie , Si dira fame vexari incolas , necefle eft. Vnde fit, vt lllos qui in 
 diem viucre foliti t'uennt , nee prarcedentium annotum fuperantes commeatus habuerint, 
 extreniatentafle, quoties egeftas vrferic, credibile, Cararum, vtrum ha:c res publico & 
 perpetuo opprobrio magis apud Iflandos , quam alias nitiones, occafioncm merito przbere 
 debeat, candidis & bonis animisiudicandum relinquo, 
 
 Porro quod degentis noftra; proprijs & confuetis alimentis multi obijeere folent, potifli- 
 mum de carne,pifcibus,buiyro,abfquefale inueteratis,Item dela£ticinijs,,fiumentiinopia,po- 
 tuaqux,&c. &reliquis: idnosinplurimis Iflandiselocis ("nam funt multi quoque noftrati- 
 um,quiDanoium&Gcrmanorum more, quantum quidem ca(Hs& tempcratis animis ad 
 mediocritatem fufficere debet, licet magna condimentorum varietate, vt & ipfisPharmaco- 
 polijs,delticuimur.menfam inftmere & ftugaliter viuere furtineant) ita fe habere baud muhis 
 refragabimur, videlicet prardicla viftus genera, paflim fine falis condimento vfitata ef. 
 fe, Etinfuper addemus, ha;c ipfa cibaria , quxextranei quidamvelncminarchorrent.ipfbs 
 tamen cxtraneosapudnos, non fine voluptate , manducare folitos. Nam eifi frumentiauc 
 farrispene nihil vulgohabeamus, necfal,gulanrritamentum, ad cibaria condienda, omni- 
 bus fuppetit: doom tamen Deus, opt, max.etiam noftros homines rationem tra<ftandi8c 
 Ratio confer™- confeiuandi , quxadvitam lufientandam fpectant, vt apparcat,Deum in alendis Iflandis 
 di cibos fine fale. ron effe adpancm velfalemallignum. Quod verb fua omnia extranei iucundiora & falu- 
 briora clamant; negamus tamen fatis caufa; efle, cur noftra nobis exprobrent: Nee nos 
 D E V M guls noftra; debitorem rcputamus ; quin potius toto pettore gratias agimus, quod 
 fineopiparis illis delicijs & lautitijs, qui tarn iucunda; & falubres putantur, etiam noflra: 
 gentis hominibus , annos &a;tatem bonam,tum valetudmem etiam firmifiima, robur ac vires 
 validas( qua; omnia ftatuimnsboni&conuenientisalimenti, J i'n~c'''Wra« efle indicia) conce- 
 deredigneiur, cum ingenio etiam nonprorfus tarn craflb acfterili, quamhuic noftroaeri & 
 alimentis afllgnare Philofophividentur , quod rehbentius,quam verbis multi fortaflcnoftra- 
 tium comprobare poterant, 
 
 Ni nos (vt inquit ille) paupertas inuida deprimeret. 
 Sedhkvulg : . indicium, vtinalijsfspc, etiam eosqui faperevolunt (iamomnes bonos& 
 cordatosexcipio) nimisapertedecipit: Videlicethoc ipfo, quod omnia, quae iilorum vfus 
 nonadmittit, aut qua; non viderunt.aut experti funtantea,coniinu6damnent. Veluti.fi quis, 
 qui mare nunquam vidit, mare mediterraneum efle aliquod, nonpofsitadducivtcredat : Sic 
 illi fenfu fuse cxperientia:omiiiametiuntur, vt nihil fit bonum, nihil conducibile, nifiquoilli 
 foli viuunt : At profecto nos,co dementis nonprocefsimus, vt cos qui locuftis vefcuntur,quod 
 turn dc alijs, turn jEthiopie quibufdam populis, ideo (autore Diodoro^Acridophagis appella- 
 tis, & India: genie, cui Mandrorum nomen Clytharcus & Mageftanes dederunc,tefte Agarar- 
 chide,didicimus; aut ranis, aut cancris marinis,auc fquillis gibbis, qua; tes liodie nota eft , vul- 
 gi proptcrea ludibrijs exponete prasfumarnus, a quibus tamen edulijs , in totum noftra confue- 
 tudo abhorret, • 
 
 SECTIO DEGIMASEXTA. 
 
 *.Conuicium. T*\Ecimo. Hofpitalitatem noftris hominibus inhumanifsimus porcus obijeit, (JWarfttp'mm 
 -&_^inquit,«0« ctrcf.mferum, nee hojpitUri aut contiiuari gratis pudoreft. Namjiejuualiquid 
 hal>eret ) qu'odcfMa/yscommmicaret,idfaceretfaneinprimMaclil>enterMisquoq\annc&.amus t 
 quod templdjfeu/acras adiculas domi propria a muhis IJlandoram extntclas velut pudenda quiddam 
 commemorat : quodfy ens primttm omnium de mane oraturipetant, nee d quoquampritu mterfellari 
 patiantur. Hxc ille velut infigne quoddam dedecus in Iflandis notauic. 
 
 Scilicet,quia nihil eum Amaricino,fui : 
 
 Nee porci diuina vnquam amarunt: quod fane memo nc nimis vcre de hoc conuiciatore di- 
 catur,id<juod vel ex his vltimis duabus cbieitionibus conflate poterit. 
 
 Veriim enimuero.cumipfe fuarum virrutum fit teftis locupletiismus, nos Le6torem ciusrei 
 cupidum ad ipfius hoc opus Poeticum remittimus , quod is de Iflandia compofuit, & nos iam 
 aliquot proximis diftincYionibus examinauimus : cuius maledicentia; & fbeditatis nos hie pro 
 ipfo puduit; ita, vt qua; is Satyrica,at quid Satyrica?Sathanica,inquam,mordacitate&maledi- 
 centia in noftram gentem fcribere non erubuit.nos tamen rcferre pigeat: Tanta eius eft& tam 
 abominanda petulantia,tam arrox calumnia. DEVS BON E :Hocconuiciorum plauftrum 
 (paucifsima namq; attigimusj Nolui enim latercmlauare,& ftulto,vt inqtiit ille fapientifsimus, 
 
 fecundum 
 
'■71 
 
 The trueflate offjland. Trafriques,&: Difcoueries. 3A9 
 
 fecundum ftultitiam fuam refpondere, cum in ipfius Rhythmis vetbum non lit quod conui- 
 cio careat) qui vidcrit, nonne ludicabit pafquilli iiiins autorem homineni fuifle peflimum, imo 
 fscemhominunijtumvirtutisacvericatiscontemptorem/inepietatejiinehurnanitc? 
 
 Sed hie merito dubitauerim, peiufne hoium conuiciorum autor de iflandis meritus fit, an 
 veroTypographusilleloachimusLeo (&quicunq; funtalij, quiinfuiseditionibus.necfuum 
 nee vrbis fuse nomenprofiteri aufifunt)qui lllaiam bis, C\ non fipius, typis fuis Hamburgi e- 
 iiulgauit. Hoccine impune fieri finitis,6 fenatus populufq; Hamburgenlis? Hanccine ftatuiliis 
 gratiamdeberilflandiae, quae vtbi veftra: iam plurimos annos,cxportatis affacim noftratium 
 quibufuiscomti)odis,pecudum,pecorumq?carnibus,butyro&pifciumcopiaquotannis,pcne 
 immodica, quxdam quaficella penuaria fuit? Senfere huius Infula: commoda etiam Hollan- vrb« Angii* 
 dijEoIim&Angliarvrbes aliquot: PraHereaDanis,Bremenfibus,&Lubecenfibuscum]fl.in- SUSuw™ 
 discommerciadiufuerunt.Sedanullisvnquam tale encomium, talemgratiam reportaiunt, «■««• 
 qualis hex ell Gregonana calumnia: In veftra, veftra inquam vrbe,nata,edita,iterata,fi non ter. 
 tiata:qu£ alias nationes,quibuslflandiavix,acnevixquidem,nominctenus,alioquiinnotue- 
 rat, ad huius gentis opprobrium & contemptum armauit ; quam aciue veftro acceptam iniu- 
 riam s iam ?o.annos,& plus co,Iflandia fuftinet, Scd etiam,infcio magiftiatu , eiufmodi multa 
 fsepe" fiunt : Neq; enimdubitamus,quin viriboni eiufmodi fcriptafamofa indigne ferant,&ne 
 edantur,diligentercaueant: cum tales editiones pugnent cum iurenaturali: Ne a/ten facias, 
 quod ubifaUumnon velis : St Ctfareo^de libellis famofis : in quo irrogatm pxnagrauiffima ys, qui 
 tales Ubellos componmt , fcribunt , profermt, emi vendiue coram , aut non ft at im refer tos difcer- 
 pmt. 
 
 Carterum iam tandem receptui canamus : Nofq; ad tejflandia parens cariflnna, quam nee 
 paupertas.nec frigora, nee id genus incommoda alia , quamdiu Chrifto hofpitia cupide & li- 
 benterexhiberenondefiftis,inuifamfacient,conuertamus:Vbi teprimumadid quod modo 
 diximus,nempe {erium & ardens fludium ac amorem D E I,& diuing fcientiat,nobis in Chrifto 
 patefad~be, totisviribushortamunvtynihuic cun&apofthabeas, dcctiina: & verbi cupidita- 
 teflagres : Sacrum minifterium&miniftros, nonparum cures.non contemnasauc odio profe- 
 quare : fed reuerearis, foueas,ames. Contra facientes,proimpijs & profanis habeas:vt omnia 
 ad pietatis & honeftatis prxferiptum geras,in vita priuata & communi.vt huic ftatus & ordines 
 Ecdefiaftici & Politician vniuetfum obtemperent : In vtroque vita? genere, ab illaamum" 
 feu norma arqui&boni dependeas, &C£teros quipcrtinaciaacimpietateabeadefle£tunt,a- 
 uerferis, quosxquumeftpcenis condignis affici, idquodmagiftratuicurzfuturumnondifc 
 fidimus. In primisveronullosnififpeitatsridei&probitatis viros, quiquead iflas virtutes, 
 reliquashucpertinentesconiungant,adgubcmaculaadmittas,quarationereliquisincommo- 
 dis rite occurritur. Res ifta enim, fi probe curetur, vt videlicet, qui munus publicum gerunr, 
 ex bonis omnibus optimi quiquedeligantur,improbi & huicrei inepti, procul indearceantur; 
 fubditorum conditio, longeeritoptatiflima:vita& mores tantomagis laudabiles fequentur: 
 pietas& honeftas tanto eruntilluftriorcs» At verofi fecus fiat,fi Paftores Ecclefiarum fuo mu- 
 neri,vdvitaveldoclrinanonreip6deant,fiadadminiftrationepoliticampromifcueadmittan- 
 tur,quicunq; eo propria !euitate,ambitione vel auaritia & contentions honoriSjruunt: fi ijdem 
 criminum aut improbitatis,velfufpecVi vel conuicti fint,aut fufpec"torum & conuidlorum pro- 
 teftores,vel ijfdem illicite indulgentes,quistuusqua:fodemum futurus eft ftatus? qua? fades? 
 qus conditio? Certe longe omnium miferrima. Nee enim alio paclo citius ad ruinam & inte- 
 litum tuum appropinquabis, quam fi iftis te regendam commiferis,qui quod in ijs eft,licet fine 
 & ipfi ex tuis,iugulum tuum,propter emolumcnta priuata,& odia laten tia, quotidie petere co- 
 tendunt. C^uamobrem (ne iftaplutibus agam)quanti interfit,vt ha;c probe curentur.facile, 6 
 Patria,intelligis« 
 
 Seddum ha:c tuis auribus a me 6ccinuntur,utinam gemitus meos altifllmos, qui fub hac ad 
 te Apoftrophe latent,Sereniifima; Regia: Maieftatis aures exaudiant,apud quam ego pro te ha 
 deploro damna publica,qua? ea de caufa exoriuntur maxime, quod patrianoflra a regia fedc, 
 & confpe£hi,tanto interuallo fit remota,vt multi propterea tanto fibi maiorem fumant licenti- 
 am ) &impunitatemfecutiuspromittant.Ca:tcrumiftanuminiiuftifllmo,quoda'quis omnia o- 
 culis a(picit,committenda ducimus, 
 
 Reliquum eft,6 patria,vt fludium in te noftrum,eo quo fperamus animo.i.comi &benigno, 
 fufcipias : quod quamuis minime tale eft,qualeoptaremus,tamencum V E LLE SIT 1 N- 
 ST A R OMNIV M,nolui idcirco defiftere,quod pro tuo nomine,tua dignitate, tua inno- 
 centiapugnaremefatisftrenuediffiderem. Quinpotius.quicquidideft (fimodo quicquam 
 cft)& quantulumcunque tandem,quod ad tui patrocinium.pro mea tenui parte a,fterre poffem, 
 nequaquamfupprimendumputaui,necenimilloslaudarefoleo, 
 
 Qui 
 
550 
 
 The Englilli Voyages/The true flat e of f j eland. 
 
 Qui, quid dejperent inuil~li membra Glyconis, 
 Nodofa nolmt corpus probibere (fhiragra. 
 Mc fane,fi hie commentatiuncula non erit tibi aut mihi dedecori, opera: nequaqua poeni- 
 tcbit. Quod fi ad laudem vcl aliquale patrocinium tui aliquid faciat, opcram perdidiflc baud 
 videbor. Sin veto alios alumnos tuos, meosconcerraneos, arte & indultria fuperiores,adcau- 
 fam tuam,vel nunc,vel in pofterum fufcipiendam,hoc conatu tcnello excitauero, quid eft cur 
 opera: precium non fecifie dicar? quibus fcribcntibus,licct meafama in obfeurofutura eft,ta- 
 men prajftantia illorum,qui nomini officicnt meo, me confolabor : Nam ctfi famx & noniinis 
 curafummaeiTedebec,niaiortamcn patriae; cuius dignitate falua&incoIumni,nos quoqjfal- 
 uos Scincolumesreputabimus. 
 
 Scrtpfi Holts HialudalenfiuminIfiandia 3 ty£ritChrifiiafiie 
 Anno i s<>2. 17. Kalendas Maias. 
 
 A BR.IEFE COMMENTAR1E 
 
 oHjland : wherin the errors of fuch as haue written concer- 
 ning this Ifland,are dete&ed.and the flanders, and reproches of 
 certaineftrangers, which they haue vfed ouer-boldly 
 againft the people olffland, are confuted. 
 
 By tAmgrimus Ion at, ,of Ifland. 
 
 To the mofi mighty Prince and Lord,Lord Qmjlian the 4.of Den- 
 
 marke,l^orrvay , and of the Vandals an&Gothes, Kingelec'r : oi Slefwic,HolJle y 
 Stormar^ndDubmarfeDukc : Earlcof Oldenburg, and Delmenhorfi : His molt graci- 
 ous Lord. 
 
 Hat heroical attempt of Anchurus, fonne of King Midas (mofi gratious prince ) 
 and that pietie towards hiscoimtreyinrr.anerpeereleffe , defer uetb highly to be re- 
 tiowmed in hiftoriet : in thatfieelj and couragwufiy he offered his owne perfon, for 
 theflopping vpofan huge gulfs of earth, about Celcsni,atoa<nein Phrigia, which 
 ' daylyff allowed multitudes of men,andwhatfoeuerelfe came neerevnto it. For when 
 his father Midas was aduertifed by the Oracle, that the faidgulfe jhouldnot be Jhut vp, before things 
 mofi precious were cuff intoit: Anchutusdeemingnotbingtobemoreinualuable then life, plunged 
 himfelfealiue downe headlong into that bottomelet hole ; and that with fo great vehemencie of mind, 
 that neither by his fathers recjuefi, nor by the allurements andteares ofhis mofi amiable wife,he fujfe- 
 red himfelfe to be drawne back? from this his enterprtfe, 
 
 Sperthius alfo andBulh, two Lacedemonians, were not much inferiow to the former , who to 
 turne away the reuenge o/Xerxes that mofi puiffant King of the Terjians , entendedagainfi the La- 
 cedemonians, for filling the ambaffadors ofhis father Darius, hyed them vnto the faydking,andthat 
 he might auenge the atnbaffadours death vpon them, not vpon their countrey jvith bardy, andconfiant 
 mindesprefentedthemfelues before him. 
 
 Theveryfame thing (moflgraciousprince)whichmouedthem,andmaKy others being enframed 
 with the loue of their countrey, to refufefer the bene fit e thereof no danger , no trouble/10 nor death it 
 felfe,the fame thing {I fay) hath alfo enforced me, not indeed to vndergoe votuntarie death, or freely to 
 offer mjfelfe vnto theflaughter , bitty et to afjay that which I am able for the goodofmy countrey : 
 namely, that I mat gather together and refute the errors, andvaine reports of writers, concerning the 
 fame : andfo take vpon me a thing very dangerous, and perhaps fubielt to thefmifier iudgementof 
 many. 
 
 In thispurpofe the example ofQ neius Pompeius hath Itkewife confirmed me: who being chofett 
 procurator for come among the Romanes^tnd m an extreme fcarcetie anddearth of the ckie,hauing 
 taken vpfomeflore ofgraine in Sicilia.S ardinia, and Africa, is reported to haue hadgreater regard 
 ofhis countrey, then of himfelfe. Forwhen he made hafie towards Rome, and a mighty and dange- 
 reustempefiari/ing,heperceiued the Pilots to tremble ;and to be vnwiUmg to commit themfelues to the 
 rigor oftheflormiefea, himfelfe fir ft going on board, and commanding the anchors to be weighed, 
 brake foorth into thefe words : That we fhould layle neceflirie vrgeth : but that we fhould hue,ic 
 vrgeih not. In which words he feemeth wifely to inferre, that greater care is to behad of our countrey 
 lying in danger, then of our ownepriuatefafttie. 
 
 This 
 
 
yhetrueftateoflfland. TraffiqueSj&Difcouenes. 551 
 
 This man doe I thus imitate 
 
 $ If in 
 
 ' \Anc 
 
 lmall with great as equals may agree : 
 ldFlie with Elephant comp-redbee. 
 Namely that gathering together and laying vp in (lore thofe things which might be applied to fuccour 
 the fame and credite of our nation, hatting now this long time bene oppreffedwith fir augers, through 
 tkeenuie of certetne malicious perfons, I boldly aduenture teprefent thefe fewe meditations of 
 mine vnto the viewe of the world , andfo hoyfmg vp fades to commit myfelfe vnto a trouble fome fea } 
 „ndtobreakefoortbintotbe like fpeeches with him: ThatI fhould write neceflitie vrgeth : buc 
 that my writings in all places ftiould fatisfie euery delicate tafte, orefcapeall peeuiflmes of 
 carpers it vrgeth nor. I doubt not but many will allow this my enterprife : thefuccejfeperhaps all men 
 will 'not approue. Neuertheles, [thought that there was greaterregardto be had of my countrey, fu- 
 fleining jo many mens mocks and reproches, then of mine ownepratfe or dijpraife, redounding perhaps 
 ■vnto me vpon this occafwn. For what caufe fhouldmoue me to (hunne the enuie and hate of fame men, 
 being ioyncd with an indeuour to benepte andgratifle my countrey* 
 
 'Butiflfhallfeemefomewbattooboldincenfuringtheerrors of writers , or too fetiere in reprehen- The errors of ihe 
 ding tbeflanders of fame men -.yet I hope all they will wdgc indifferently of me, who fliallferioufly con- writtrs of Iflan(1 
 lider,how intolerable the errors of writers are, concerning our nation : how many alfo andbopi grteuous * m ° "' '' 
 be the reproches of fome, again/1 vs, wherewith they hauefundry wayes prouokedour nation, and as yet 
 will not ceafetoprouoke. 7 hey ought alfo to haue me excufedin regard of that in-bred affeilwn 
 rootedin the hearts of all men, towards their natiue (oile, and to pardon my luflgriefe for thefe inju- 
 ries offered vnto my countrey. And I in very deed,fo much as lay in me,baue in all places moderated 
 myfelfe,and haue bene dejirousto abjlainefrom reproches : but if any man tbinke, 'wejhoptld haue v- 
 fed more temperance in ourflile,Itru(l,the former reafon will content him. 
 
 Sithens therefore, I am to vndergoe the fame haz*rd,wbich I fee is commonly incident to all men 
 that publtjb any writings : Imuft now haue efyeciallregarde of this one thing : namely, offeektnv out 
 fome patron, and Meccen zsfor this my briefs commentary, vnder whofe name and protection it may 
 morefafelypaffe through the bands of all men. 
 
 But for this purpofe /could not finde out, norwifbfor any man more fit tbeny our royal Maieflie, 
 mop gratious prince. For vnto him,who hath receiued vnder his power & tuition our liues and goods, 
 •unto him (I fay) doe we make humble fute, that he would haue refpetl alfo vnto the credit of our nati- 
 on ,fo iniurioufly di (graced. 
 
 Tea venly(mojlgr<acious King)we are conflreinedto craueyour Maieflies mercifnll aide, not on- 
 ly in this matter, but in many other things alfo which are. wanting in our countrey, or which otherwife 
 belong to the publique cammodttie and welfare thereof: which not by me \ but by the letters futplicatory 
 of the chief e men of our nation,are at this time declared,or willfbortly be declared. For we doubt not 
 but that your facred Maieflie, after the example of your Chriflian predeceffors, will vouch fafe vnto 
 our countrey alfo, amongfl other Iflands of your Maieflies dominion, your kingly care and proteUion. 
 For as the neceffitie of fleeing for redreffe vntoy our facred Maieflie, is oisrs :fo the glory ofrelieuing, 
 regarding,and protecting vs,jhalwholyredoundvntoyour facred Maieflie : asalfb, there islaydvp 
 for you, in refpetl ofyourfoflering and prefer uing of Gods church, vpon the extreme northerly parts al- 
 mofl of the whole earth, and in the vttermofl bounds of your Maieflies dominion (which by thefingu- 
 largoodncs of God,enioyetb at this prefent tranquiftitie andquietfafetie) a reward andcrowne of im- 
 mortal! life in the heauens. 
 
 But confldering thefe things are not proper to this place,! willeaue tbem^and returne to my purpofe 
 which I haue in hand :mofl humbly befeecbingyour S.M.thatyouwouldof your elemencievouebfafe 
 to become afauourer andpatron vnto thefe my labours andfludies,for the behalf e of my countrey. 
 
 It now remaineth(mofi gracious and mercifull fouer eigne ) for vsto make our humble prayers vn- 
 to almighty God, that king of kings, anddifpofer of all humane affaires, that it would pleafe him of his 
 infinite goodnes, to aduance your Maieflie (yearely growing vp in wifedome & experience, and all ' o- 
 ther heroicallvertues) tothe higheft pitch of fouereigntie ; andbeingaduanced , continually to bleffe 
 you with moftprofperousfucceffe in allyour affaires : andbeing blej]ed,long toprefirueyou,as the chief 
 ornament, defence and fafegarde of thefe kingdomes,andas the Shield andfortreffe of his church : and 
 hereafter in the life to come, to make you fhine glorious like aflarre,amongH the principallnurcing fa- 
 thers of Gods Church, in the perfect ioy of his beauenly kingdome. The fame moft mercifull father 
 hkeyvife grant, that thefe praiers, the oftener they be doyly repeated andmultiplied in euery corner of 
 your Maieflies moll ample territories & lflands.fo much the more fur e andcertein they may remaine, 
 vimen. ^Haffnia^rCopen Hagen i <jp^.inthemoneth ofOWarcb. 
 T. S, M. 
 
 mofi humble fubitct, 
 
 Arngrimus Ionas, Iflander. 
 
 To 
 
55 1 The Englifh Voy ages fTbe true 'flat e oflfland. 
 
 To the courteous and Chriftian reader Gudbrandus Tljorlacks t 
 Btfhof) o/Holen in l&andyWtfieth health. 
 
 I Here came to light about the yeare of Chrift 15^1, a very deformed impe,begot- 
 1 ten by a certain Pedlar of Germany: namely a booke of German rimes,of al that e- 
 uer were readthe molt filthy and moft flanderous againft the nation of IflatidHei- 
 1 ther did it fuffice the bale printer once to fend abroad that bafc brat, buthcrauft 
 publilh it alfothrife or foure times oueruhathe might thereby, v\hat lay mbim,morcdeepely 
 difgrace our innocent nation among theGermans,& Danes, and other n< ighbourcountries 
 with fliamefull,and euerlafting ignoroinic, So great was the malice of this printcr,& his defire 
 {o greedy to get lucre,by a thing vnlawfull. And this he did without controlmcni,euen in that 
 citie,which thefe many yeres hath trafficked with Ifland to the great gaine,and commodity of 
 the citizens, His name is IoacbitnasLeo,nmaa worthy to become lions foode. 
 - Moreouer.there are many other writers found,who when they would feeme to defcribe the 
 
 vpon S" miracles of nature, which are thought to be very many in this Ifland,& the maners, & cuftoms 
 fabulous reporcs, c f the Ifbnder$,haue altogether fwarued from the matter and truth it felfe/oilowing mariners 
 fables more trifling then old wiues tales,& the moft vain opinions of the common fort. Thefe 
 writers,al though they haue not left behindthem fuch filthy & reprochful ffuffe as thatbaferi- 
 menyet there are many things in their writings that wil not fufTer them to be excufed,& alto- 
 gether acquited from caufing an innocent nation to be had in det ifion by others. Wherefore 
 marking,reading,& weighing thefe things wiih my felfe 3 &confidering that there dsylyfpring 
 vp new writers, which offer iniury to theFame & reputatio of the lfianders,being fuch men al- 
 {o as do fhamelefly Hitch out of other mens labours, deluding thei r readers w fc jned defcripti- 
 ons,& a new rehearfalof monfters, I often wilhcd that fome one man would come forth , to 
 make anfwere to the errors of hiftoriographers & other vniuft cenfurcrs:and by fome writing, 
 if not to free our innocent nation from fo many reproches,yet at lcaft wife, in lome fort tode- 
 fend it. among chriftian & friendly readers. And for this caufe I haue now procured an honeft 
 and learned youngman one Arngrimus Fitz,-Ionas, to perufe the works of authors, that haue 
 written any thing concerning lfland.and by found reafons to dete£t their errors, & falftioods. 
 And albeit at the fiift he wasveryloth.yetatlengchmy friendly admonition,&thecommon 
 loue of his countrey preuailed with him fo farre,that he compiled this briefe commentary, ta- 
 king his proofes.not out of the vaine fables of the people, but from his owne experience, and 
 many other mens alfo of fufflcient credit, 
 
 Now,he that vndertookc this matter at my procurement,did againe as it were by bis owne 
 authority chalege at my hands,th at I fhould in two or three words at leaft,make a preface vn- 
 to his booke; thinking it might gainc fome credit,and authority thereby. Wherfore to fpeake 
 my minde in a word : for my part, I iudge him to haue taken both honeft & neceflary paines, 
 who hath done his indeuour not onely to weigh the diuers opinions of wrighters cone ei ning 
 things vnknowen,and to examine them by the cenfure of trueth, and experience, butal- 
 fo to defend his countrey from the vencmous bitingsof certaine fycophants. It is thy part 
 therefore (gentle reader) to accept this fmall treatife of his, being as it were guarded with the 
 facred loue oftruth, and of his countrey, againft theperuerlnesofcarpers. Farewel, Am* 
 1 592. Mi; 29, 
 
 Here beginneth the Commentary of Ijland. 
 
 J 23cn agin toar,oapIp experience teachcth tos, that fome bpon no tuff $ latoful gromuws 
 
 , (being eggcb on bp ambirioB,enuie,anD couetife) are inoticeo to folloto the armie, anB 
 
 > on tlje contrary Goe, that others arme tbcmfelucs topon itifl ano necelTarp catties r 
 
 6W5CTrar * R£> navnelp fitch as 50 to battel! foj the nefence aao propagation of the (Sofpel, 0? fuch. 
 
 as being; anp map p jouofceo tbereuuto,Doe toithffano p jefent ijtoIen.ee anD to ?ong,o j at leaff(not 
 
 l)ein5p?ouofeeti)bprearonofthccneniieapp?ocbiBgareconffraineB to be top in armes: right fo, 
 
 theptijatfigjljttonBet Apolloes banner, amongft tohom, a great part, not upon anp ijoneft,pb> 
 
 lofophical, o3sinDeeBe€h?tttianintention,aotijeu"etbemf£lues to tonight: efpeciailpfucb as fo? 
 
 fieffrc of gfojp.fc } cnup ano fpigbt, 0? Upon malicious! ano affecrco tgnojance , carpe at others : 
 
 ano,thatti)epmapbeaccompteofupcriours, fometimes tobettc their ffilcs againft the perfon, 
 
 name am fame ofthisoj that particular man, fometimes inueighing againft atoholecountrep, 
 
 ano bp ftjameieffe tontrueths oifgracing innocent nations ano people ♦ 9gaine , others 
 
 of an ingenuous minee, ooe bp great HUmOr? , fearcb, ana tying to light things profitable : 
 
 namelp, 
 
^Ihe true [late of Ijland. TrafHques,& Di fcoucries. 55^ 
 
 namelp, Ujcp tbat tdjicc of Diuinitp, Pjilofopbp,il?itto jp ano fuel) Itkc \ ano tfeep tobo ( taking 
 vjfe anD c rperiencc fo? tbeit guiDes ) in the fato sciences baue l)?otigl)C things obfeure to light, 
 tbings matmeo to petfection.ano things confufeo to ojDenano tljep tbat banc faitbfullp commcn« 
 Deo to cuerlaatng pofletttte, tbe tf o?tcja of t^e tobole toojlo : tbat bp tljeir infinite labours baue 
 asuauncco tbe knotoleoge of tongues : to be Ihojt, tbat enocttour tbemfelues to repjeffetljeinfo* 
 lencie, confute tbe u*amiers,anD toithttanD tbe omuft oiolence of otbcrs.agalnft tbemfelues,tl;)eir 
 Ration 0} tljeir Countrcp. 
 
 9nt> a foj mp part,bauing fcarce actaineo tbe fight of gooD letters,anD being tbe meancft of all 
 tljc follotoers of MineruaCtbat 31 map freelp acknotoleogemineotone toants)can do no leffe tljcrt 
 become oneoftbeir number, tobo baue applieD tbemfe%g toriooe tljeir counttep froniDiujonofc 
 to auoucljtbe truetb, ana to (bane off tbe poke of railers g reuilers. 9pp eftate cnableo me onelp 
 to ton'te ; Jjotobeit tbcercellencte of truetlj.amj tbe in-b?cn affection 31 bcare to mp counttep en-- 
 fo?cetbmetoootbebeft31can : fitbens (t Ijatb plcafepfome Grangers bp falfc rumours to oe« 
 (at,e, anD 6? manifolbe rep jocbes to iniurie mp fapn cpttritrtip, making it a bp-too jd, ano a lauglj- 
 ing-flocfec to all otljer nations. 1£o meet toitbtobofeinfolencie ano falfeaccufations, asalfoto 
 octecttbeetroturs of ccrteineto?iters concerning tins 3jlano, HtuogooDanotoell affectcDmcn 
 (fo? tbe common people toill be altoapes like tbemfelues , ! ffubburnlp mainteining tbat toljicb is 
 falfe ano fooliflj, neicljer can 3! bope to remoouc [rem fcom tljis accttttomcD ano ftale opinion) 31 
 baue penneo tbe treatife foUotoing» 
 
 . ano albeit Ifland fe not oeftitttte of manp excellent men, toljo, botlj in age, tout, ano learning, 
 a'rebp maw Degrees mpfupetiojs, ano tbercfo?emo?efit to take tbe Defence of tbe counttep into 
 tbcirbauos: notwitbftanDing, being carneffip perf)naDCDtbereunto,bp tbat goo^ $ fainousman 
 
 Gudbraadus Thorlacius jgifljop of Hola tn Jflapd , 31 tljOUgbt gOOD (to tljcntmpll of mine aUM' 
 
 tp) to be no toljit toanting nnto tbe common caufe : botb tbat 31 migbt pbcp bis mod reasonable 
 rcquett,anD alfo tljat 3J migbt encourage otber of mp countrepmen, tobo baue bene better tratneo 
 up in goooleaming, anD itioueo toitb a greaj er meafure of knotoleoge then 31 mp felfe,to tije De-= 
 fence of tljis our nation : fo f arte am 3 &om Ijimjering anp man to nnoertake tbe like enterpjtife. 
 
 TButto retumc to tbe matter, becaufethep (tobat&euer tbep be) tbat rep? oclj ano maligne 
 our nation,make tljeir boail tbat tljep bfe tbe teftmoniesiof liters vine are ferioufip tO;ConfiDcr, 
 fc)battljings,anDboto true,tojiters bauerepojteD of ifland.to tbe ens thatif tljephaue giuen(per* 
 baps) ahpoccafiontootbers of inuepingagainffns, tljeir errours being lapo open (foj 31 toill not 
 fpeake moje fljatpelp) all tbe toojlo map fee boto iuftlp tbep Do repjocbos. 3 no albeit 31 noticing 
 Doubt to eramine fome ancient testers of tbis 31lano,bp tbe ruleof truetlj ano experience : pet (o» 
 t^ernjife) tbeirmemojp is precious in our epes, tbeiroignitpreuerenD, tljeir learning to be b*D 
 inbonout,anD tbetr ^ealcano affection totoaros tbe tobole common toealtljof learneo men,biglr- 
 Ip to be commenoeo : but as fo? nouices (if tbere be anp fuel) to?iters o j ratber pafquilles) Mcfytn 
 ^ep fljall beare anD knoin truer matters concerning Ifland , tben tbep tbemfelues baue tojitcen, 
 tbepu)all fcane bp trjctr inconttancie ann peruerfe- toit to Ijaue gaineo nougljt el&but a blacke 
 tnarke of enup ano repjoelj. 
 
 ano tbat djis commentatie of mine map baue fome o juer , it (ban beDiut'oeD into ttuo general! 
 parts i tbefir(loftbe3IlanD,tbefeconDoftbeinbabitants : anooftbefetttioliutfofar-foojtbas 
 tbofc tojiters lobicb are come to our banns baueleftrecojoeo i becaufe31 am not Determineo to 
 ttanoer out of tljefelifis , o } to banole mo je tben tbefe tbings ano fome otber tobtcb pettcine tonto 
 them, ifoj 31 p?ofeffenotmpfelfeanl|)ittojioojrapber, ojtScograpber, butonelpaDifputer. 
 (KKberefo je omitting a longer preface, let ns come to tbe firff part concerning tbe fituatioh,tbe 
 name, miracles, ano certaine otljer aoiuncts of tbiS31lanD. 
 
 . Tbe firji 'feElton, 
 
 T}« Ms of Jflan'dbevig fcuered from other countreys an Infinite diftance , flandcth fane into 
 the Ocean, and is fcarfe knowen vnto Sailers. 
 
 AJLbeitaoifcourfe cftljofe tbings ttljicb concerne tbelano.anDtbeaDiunctsoj pjoperties 
 tbeteofbe of little moment to cefeno tbe nation o? inhabitants ftom tbe biting of HanDerers, 
 pet feemetb it in no cafe to beomittco, but to beintreateoof in the firHplace^battbefrienDlprca- 
 Derperceiuing boiu truelp tljofenijirers of Ifland baue repojten in tbis refpect , map tbercbp al« 
 fo eatilp iuoge tobat crcnit is to be giucn bnto tbem in otber mattets tobicb tbep Ijaue left tojitten 
 concerning tbeinbabitants, ano tobicb otbers ijaue rcceiueo ftom tbem as o jades, from to^ence 
 (as tljep fap) thep baue bo jrotoeo fcoffes anD taunts againft our nation, 
 jfirfftberefoje, tbat tbe Dillance of Ifland from otbercountrepsisnotinfinite, nojinDeeofe 
 
 \ 
 
 ■ 
 
 in 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ ■ 
 
 Munficrus iib.<» 
 cofmographie. 
 
1; 
 
 554- 
 
 fentra nnpr s 
 failing from 
 
 1 Hand to Ham- 
 burg. 
 
 Mind bur ttoo 
 bart » railing 
 tJiftant from 
 Faar- lfl.inds, ft 
 from the Do 
 fcrtirjojrsof 
 Norway. 
 
 Munfteruf. 
 OUusMagnm 
 
 anQoilJctB. 
 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, The truefiate ofljland. 
 
 great as men commoulp imagine, u migbt eaQip be pjcuioeb,if one did tut in tome fo jt fenoto tbe 
 
 true longituoc $ latt'tuDe of t^c fart 3Iaiw. JFo? 31 a>n of opinion t!jat ft cannot ficactlp be fenctoen 
 anp other niap tljen tbis,tobenas it is mamfefl Ijoto tlje 9[i)atiners courfe (be it newer to Dire ce,nj8 
 tbcp fuppofe)botb at all times ftoerue.31" p meane toljile tberfoie 3 toill fet botone Diners opitti< 
 ons of autho js.conccrnimi; p fituation of Ifland,tljat from bence etierp man map gather tljat of tbe 
 uiflance tobicb fccmetb moff p?,obable,bntil petljaps mp felfe.being one oav tmofot Ip mine otone 
 erperience,map,if not imrube,pec at leatt abioin,tobat 31 Qjal tbinne true as touching tljis matter. 
 
 Longit. 
 Munftcrplacetfj Ifland nhdeg.i 
 
 mottitt 20 
 
 Gcrardus Mercator 32? 
 
 Gemtna Frifius platetfjtrje 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 it. 
 
 Lac 
 
 cud. 
 
 
 lift. 
 
 de£. 
 
 min. 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 <*5 
 
 30 
 
 
 40 
 
 60 
 
 4 1 
 
 
 5° 
 
 <*4 
 
 44 
 
 ; 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 *l 
 
 
 
 
 ¥ 
 
 6 *: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Longit. 
 3Dbe p^omontojie of Hcc-deg. «/», 
 
 kelfell ay o 
 
 ©be pjomontojt'e of Mad- 
 
 her ji 20 
 
 CbeinlanD cities of Ifland 
 Holen tbe feat of a btfljop 2 8 
 Schalholten tlje feat of a bt* 
 
 fl)Op 22 
 
 Rcinholdus. 
 Bp Holen m Ifland 
 
 IohannesMiritius, 
 BpMid-Jfland 
 
 Neander. 
 ifland tfracljetb it felfe 3 
 Degrccstoitbintbe circle 
 arctic from tbe cquinoc* 
 t itil,infomucb tbat p fain 
 circle arctic noctljalmofl 
 Diuiocittntbemioiln*, 
 
 Lacitud. 
 deg.min. 
 67 o 
 
 10 
 
 jo 
 
 30 
 
 68 
 
 60 
 
 mtDttoflfland 
 Herfee 
 Thirces 
 Nadar 
 
 Iacobus Zieglerus. 
 Cbeffiftefiiboje of Ifland 20 
 ^Dbepjomontoiie of Chos 22 
 Cbe ^ail fi;o?eis ertennen 
 
 jfrojtbtoarb , ana batb 
 
 bounbs of ertenlion in 3 o 
 IZLfje |5o?tb fbo?e is erten* 
 
 Deb£S3efltoarD,anobatb 
 
 bounce of ertenlion in 28 
 Cljc sefcription off CClett 
 
 fiOC, . 
 
 Ckrc be others alfo,tut>o ettljer in rbetr maps,o? tourings Ijaue notecdje fituation of Ifland; 
 notUiitljQantsntg it is to no purpofe to fet ootone anp 1110 je of their opinions,bccflufc tbe moje pou 
 banc , tbe mo je contrarp fijall pou finpe tbcm, £ 0? mp part, albeit 3i baue probable com cctures 
 per fmaaiug me not to beleettc anpof tbe fomter opinforis,concerningtbe fituation of Ifland,but to 
 triflent from tbem all % pet bac 31 1 atljer leaue tbe matter in fufpenfe tben affir me an biicert eintp, 
 bnttll (as 31 baue fapo) 3! map be able perbappes one bap not to gefle at tlje matter, but to tying 
 fojtb mine otone obferuation,ano erpcrience, 
 
 9 certeine tojit cr batb put boto ne tbe bittance bettoecne tbe moutb of Elbe $ Batzende in tbe 
 <§>outlj part of Ifland to be 400 leagues : frommbence if pouiballaccount tljebiffcrence oflongt* 
 tube to tlje metibian of Hamburg , Ifland mutt Ijaue mine of tlje fbicnameb longit uces in tbat 
 place, 31 am able to pjootte bp tb?eefunb?p bopages of certatne hamburgers, tljat it is but feuen 
 capes failing from Ifland to Hamburg, 'Befioce all tjjofe 3lQanbs, n>bicb bp reafon oftrjeabun* 
 Dance of fljeepe, arecallebFareyiar, o?mo?erigbtlpFaareyiar, aslracmtfetbeDefertuje?esof 
 Norway, arcbittant from bs but ttuo capes failing* Wt baue foure capes failing into habitable 
 Gronland .- anb almott in tbe famequantitie of time toe paffe ouer to tbep?ouince of Norway, 
 called Scad, Iptngbettoeenetbe totones of Nidrofiaoj Trondon,aub Bergen,astoefinDeintbe 
 ancient tecoibs of tl;efe nations, 
 
 7'hefecotidfeBion. 
 
 In this Iland,at the SummeryS^?/'//'*iw > the Sun pafling thoro w the figne of 'Cancer, there is no 
 night, and therefore at the Winceryo^?/f/»wchcreis no day. Alfo: Vadianus. Bucinchac 
 Hand, which farre within chcar<ftic circle is feaccd in the maine Ocean, at this day called 
 Ifland, and next vnto the lands of the frozen fca,which they c all Engrontland, there be ma- 
 ny moncths in the yere without nights. 
 
 A<£ tbe folftitium of tointer,tbat cbereis no bap(tbat is to fap,no time,toberein tbe @>unne it 
 feeneaboue tbe horizon) toe confeffe to be true onelp tn tbat angle of Ifland (if tbere be anp 
 fucb angle) tobere tbe poleis eleuateD full 67 Degrees* 15ut at Holen (tobicb i? tbe binjopsfe.at 
 (0} tbe J&oitb part of Ifland,ano lietb ina molt beepe ballep)tbe Iatituoe is about 6 j cegre es ano 
 44minutes,ap 3amcnfo?meDbptbereuerenbfatber,Gudbrand, bifljop of tbat place : anopet 
 tbere, tbe fljojtefloap in all tljepere is at leatt ttoo boures long, anb in South-lfland longer, as it 
 appearctb bp tt)e tables of fpatrjematttianp. Ipeetebenceicis miintfefi, fitfi tbat Ifland is not 
 
 Ctttate 
 
 
 ■• 
 
The true /late of fjland. Trafriques > &: Dilcouenes. 555 
 
 Ccuate beponu clje acetic circle : feconalp, that in Ifland rtjere are not toaming in summer 10J- illand I9 ••« 
 flicium manp nights, uoj in Wm.zi folftitium manp aapes. tuarctic. tic ' 
 
 ThethirdfeUion. . , 
 
 Ic is named of the ice which continually clcaucthvnco the North part thereof. Another wri- Munftom. 
 teth: From the Weft part of Norway there liethanlland which is named of the ice, enui- '*"' 
 roned with an huge fea, and being a countrey of ancient habitation,&c, Zieglerus. This is 
 Thjle, whereofmolt of the ancient writers haue made mention, 
 
 IT is named of ice, &c. Ifland bacfjliccnc caUeo bp tljjce names, one afcecanottjcr. 5To? one 
 Naddocus a Jf2o?uagian ucmte,lDf}0 is thought to be the fictt Dtfcouerer of the fame,as he toss in«nd fird &f& 
 failing; totoaros the Faar-Ilands, though a bioUnt tempeffoia bp chance arriuc at the €att lho?e SSSitS a 
 of Ifland ; toljecc Oapiucf toith his to&ole companp ceitaine toeefcs, he bcbela abunaance of fitoto tempeit. 
 cottering the tops of the moutttaines, ana thereupon, in regara of tijc fnoto,caUea this 3!laua Sne. Snclani 
 land, after him one Gardarus^cingmoouca thereunto bp tlje report tohich Naddocus gaueouc 
 t oncerning Ifland , toent to Ceeke the fapa 3Iano ; toho, tohen he haa fcuna it , calico it after bis 
 onmenameGardarf.ho]me,thatistofap 1 GardarsIfle. ^heretocremojeaIfoDcl{rouscobiu*t c»i<Mhoinie. 
 thisnetolana. jfo? after the ttoo former, a ccrtaine tbiro jftomagian, calico Flok, toent into 
 Ifland, ana namea it of tijcice.tobetetoitb he fato itenuironea. - ifland. 
 
 Of ancient habitation, &c. 35 gather not this opinion cut of tbcfetoOjBes of Saxo (asfome 
 wen do) that Ifland hath bene inhabitca from the beginning, o? (to fpeake inonetoojo) tbattlje 
 people of ifland toere autochthones,t!jat is , earth-bjea, oj hjca out of their otonc foile like unto 
 trees ana herbs ; Athens it is euioent, that fljis Jlano fcarfe began to be inljabitea no longer agoe 
 then about 71 8 percs fince. 
 
 This is ThyU, Sec. Grammarians to jangle about tin's name,ana as pet thecoiitrottcrCe is not 
 BeciBea* Klljich nottoithQanBing, 31 t&inke might eafilp gtoto to competition, if nun tooulo bn* 
 Bertram) that this 31Iatia toas fitft inhabitea about the peere of our lo?o 874. dnlefle fome man 
 toill fap tlja't Thule Sing of Aegypt (toho, as it is thought, gaue this name thereunto) patfeofo 
 farre unto an Jlana, tobtch toas at that time butiflea, ana acftitute of inhabitants. 9game,if anp 
 rnantoillaenietbis, he map to? all me ,thatitmapfeemetobebutaajeame, tohilethepareBi-- 
 Gractea into fo manp contrarp opinions, ©ne affirmes that ic is Ifland : another, that it is a cer * 
 tefaeaiano, tohere trees beare fruit ttoife in a peere: thethira, thatitisoneoftheOrcades, oj 
 the lafl 3!lana of the ^cotith Dominion, as Iohannes Myritius ana othcrs,caIIing it bp the name 
 of Thylenfey, tnhicb Virgil alfo teemetlj to haue meant bphis vloma Thyie. 3if bepona tbeT5jt» 
 tans (bp toljich name the €nglifl>mcnanD§>cotsonelp at tin's oap are calleB) he imagines none 
 otjjer nation to inhabit. ffiHhich is euioent out of that berfe of Virgil in bis ficfl €clogue : 
 
 And Britan3 whole from all the world diuided. 
 
 'Sthefottrtbtojitfth.tbatittSOneofoftbeFaar-llands : tbefift, that it IS Telemark in Nor- 
 way : the Ctt, that it is Schrjchfinnia. 
 
 Which continually deaueth to thcNorth part ofthelland.^hatdaufe that ice continually 
 cleaueth &c. nj as Munfter affirmetb a little after, thatitcleaueth forthefpaceof eight whole «n«(«ofire- 
 
 moneths, are neither of them botij true, tohen asfojthe moftparttbeiceistbatoeotntbemo* Sm^SS!^ 
 nethofSlpjilojSpap, anoisajtuentotoarasthecHctt : neither ooth it retttrne before 3fanuarie 
 o? tfeb?uarie, nap often times tt rommcth later, ffilbat if a man (houlo rccftenbp manp pecres, j» n ice «t a« 
 toljercin itz (the lharpefcourge of this otrr natron) hath not at allbene feene about Ifland ? tolnch ^^" ta M 
 toas founo to be true t!;is p^efent peere 1592. ipcereupon itismauifefthototruelpFrifiushath 
 
 tojitteil that nauigation to this Hand lieth openonely forfouremonethsin ayeere, and no 
 longer, by rcafonof the ice and colde, whereby the paflageis fliut vp, tohtn as <£ngltfrj UJtpS 
 
 euerppere,fomettmesin^atcb ) fometiinesin9pjil, ana fome of them inswap; the Germans 
 ana Danes, in 9S)ap ana 31nne, aoe bfuallp retttrne bnto bs , ana lome of themocaart not againe 
 ftomhence till 3uguu\ 16utthelatrpere,btingi59i,therelapacettemeu)ippeofGermanie ^"% a *l^ d 
 laaen toith Copper totthin the hauen of Vopnafiord in tljecoafiof ifland aboutfourtcencoapes from^fltta 
 in the monetlj of jfilouember 3 tobich time being crpirea, (he fo?tunatelp fet faile, S2Ilt(erefo?e,fee* $ 'j^'niber, 
 tngtbat ice, neither continuaIlp,noj pcteight monctljs clcauctlj bnto Ifland, Munfterana Frifius 
 are much aeceutea. 
 
 The fourth feBion. 
 The Hand is fo great that it conteineth many people. Irem Zieglerus fayth : The fituation of Kranniuj. 
 the Hand is extended betweene the South and the North almoft 200 leagues in length. Munderw, 
 
 SOgrcat.&c. SDneWilfteniusfchoolemafterof Oldenburg,inthcpere 1 591, fern bnto mine 
 iltncle in Weil-lfland, a fl)o jt tveatife to'jich be hao gatljerca out of fhe f ragnmus of funajie 
 
 3 a a 2 tojitcrs, 
 
55<* 
 
 TheEnglilh Voyages, Thetrueflateofljland. 
 
 HljitCrS, concerning Ifland. CiHb«e toefounOthUStojitten J //Wistwifeasgreat isSicilie, 
 
 &c 13utSicilie,accojtiingtoMun(Ter,bath ijo ©frmafoe miles in compafle, 3d fo^ clje cU* 
 
 cuic of out aiaffli, although it benot eractlp knotoenbntobs, pet e(je ancient, couHant, ami recci* 
 
 i(Unax4+<Bft- ueo opinion of tbe inhabitants accounted) it 144 leagues; namelpbptbei2pjomonKm;eson- 
 
 J*y ra (land, tohicb are commonrpknotoen, being tuttanc one from another 12 leagues o? thereabout, 
 
 tobich ttoo numbers beingmultipIieti,pjoBuce tljctobole fomme. 
 
 Many pcople.&c.SDneGyflcrus about the pete of out Lo?D 1 opo,bcntgbiujop Of Schalbolten 
 
 inlfland, caureDailtbebuCbanomen,oj countrepmenef tbeaianu.UJljo^n regarn oftbeirpoflelu> 
 
 ons mere bomw to pap tribute to t&e king,to be numb?eo (omitting the poojet fojt toitb toomen, 
 
 ano the meaner fo?t of tbe communaltp) ano be founo in tlje €afl parcof Iflaad 7oo,in t^e igioutb 
 
 part 1000, in the S2lelr part noo.intbe Ji5o?tb part 1200, to tbe number of 4000 inhabitants 
 
 paping tribute. 5&rt» ff anp man mill trie , be (ball finoe that mo?e then baife the aiano teas at 
 
 that time unpeople!). 
 
 The fifth feftion. 
 
 The Hand, moft parr thereof, is mountainous and vntilled. Bur thar part which is plaine doth 
 greatly abound with fodder, which is fo ranke,that they are faine to dr iue their cattellfrora 
 the patf urc, leaft they furfct or be choaked, 
 
 Ipat Danger of furfetting o> ehoaking teas newer hearo tell of, in our tat&ers, granDfathers, 
 great-granofathjrsojanpof ourpjeocceflburs »apes,bethep neuer foancient. 
 
 Munfltn 
 
 Frilmi. 
 Zieglcria, 
 
 Munflcrus. 
 Frifius. 
 
 T 
 
 m: 
 
 s TheJixthfeElioti. 
 
 There be in this Hand mountaines lift vp to theskies, whofe tops being white with perpetuall 
 fnowe, their roots boile with euerlafting fire. The firft is towards the Weft, called Hecla: 
 the other the mountaine of the crofle: and the third Helga. Item : Zieglerm. The rocke 
 or promontorieof/f«7<*boileth with continuall fire. Item: Saxo. There is in this Hand 
 alfo a mountaine,which rcfembling the ftarrie firmament,with perpetuall flafliings of fie, 
 continueth alwayes burning, by vnceffant belching out of flames. 
 
 Vnfterantj Frifius being about to repojt the tooonoers of Ifland ooepjefentlp (tumble, 
 asittoere.bpontbetbieujoltie, to the gteat inconuenience of them both. JFo? that tohfcij 
 tbevbeereaffirmeofmountHecla, although it hath fomeibem of trueth : notteithffani>mgcon» 
 ce tning tbe other ttoo mountaines , that ttjep fljoulo b time toitb perpetuall fire , it is a mamftfl 
 errour. jfo? tbcreareno fucb mountaines to be fount) in Ifland, no? pet anp thing els (& farce 
 foojthastoeecanirnagine) tohicb nrightmimtter occafion of fo great an errour bnto tojfters, 
 Ipotubcit there toasfeene (petberplatelp) in tbe peere 1 5 8 1 out of a certain* mountaineof 
 Soutb Ifland Iping neeretlje Sea, ano couereo ouer toitb continuall fnoto ano froff, a maruei* 
 lous eruption of fmoake ano fire, catting bp abunoance of (tones and afbes. T5wt this mountaine 
 is farre from tbe other thjee, tohicb tbe fapn autbours ooe mention. IJ)otobeit, fuppofe that theft 
 things be true tohtdj theprepoitof Brie mountaines : is it poulble therefore tbat tbep Qjouio 
 feeme Orange, 0? monflrous,torjenas trjep p?oceeo from naturall caufes t ailbat *:Doe t'bep anp 
 tobit p icttaile to ettablilb tbat opinion concerning the bell of Ifland , tohicb folio toct b nert after 
 inMunfler, Ziegler, ano Frifius ? jfojmppart, atbiakeitnotoaptollerable, that men (houlo 
 abufe tbefe , ano tbe like miracles of nature , to auoucb abfurtiities , 0? , that tbep f&outo toitb a 
 ftinue of impietie tooonoer at tbem , as at matters impoffible, 9s though in tbefe kinoes of in< 
 flammations , there oio not concurre caufes of fufficient fojee fo? tbe fame purpofe. Cljere 19 
 in tbe rootes of tbefe mountaines a matter moft apt to befet on fire, comming fo neere as it 
 noctbtotbenatureofbjimaoneanB pitch. €bereisaperalfo, tobic&infinuatingitfelfehppati 
 fages , anb boles , into tbe bcrp botoels of tbe eartb , ooetb puffe bp the nourifljment of fo buge 
 afire,togetbertoitb&alt-peter, bp tohicb puffing (as ittoere toitb certeinebcllotoes) a moffi 
 cintenararaii aroent flame is kinoleo. fo? , all there tbus concurring , fire bath tbofe thjee things , tohicb 
 Mur.Bof fine m C f fXarilp make it burne, tbat is to fap, matter , motion , ano fojee of making paffage t mat* 
 mountain™. ^ ^^ ^ faWfe anJj moptt ^ aw t j, erefo;ie noutiujetb lafling flames : motion tobicb the 
 
 aper noetbperfojme, being abmitteo into the caues of tbe eartb : fo?ce of making paflage, 
 ano tbat tbe inuincible might of fire it felfe (uhicb can not be toitbout infpt'rationofap?e,anD 
 can not but b?eake foojtlj lnitlj an increoible flrcngtb) ooetb bn'ng to pafle : ano fo (etienas 
 in bnnemrining trenches , ano engines oj great toarrelike ojoinance , buge p?on bullets are 
 catt foo?tb toitb monflrous roaring , ano tracking , bp tbe fo?ce of kinoleo ^jimflone , aw> 
 §>alt-peete,r, to^ereof (Sunne-potoBer ifi compounoeo) cringle ano great flones being fkojeben 
 
c l he tr ueftate ofljland. Traffiques,<3t Difcoueries. 55 7 
 
 in tSjac Sec? gulfe, as it mere in a furnace , togetljcc toiclj abunoancc of fanoe atiD aftjes, are »o= 
 tnttco bp aim Difcljargeo, anD cljac fo? tlje mod paw not toithotit an earthquake: toljicb, if u com* 
 met!) from tlje ocptb of the caret), (bcingcalleo bp Poffidonius, Succufllo) ft mutt eitljcr be an 
 opening o? a quaking. £Dpeningcaufetbtljeeartb in fome places to gape, anD fall a funoer. 13 p 
 quaking tbe eartlj is ^cattco bp ano ftoclletb , ano fometimes ( as Plinic faitij ) cafictlj out Ijnge Lib.2o,ca P .i<j. 
 heaps ; fuel) an eartb- quake toaS tlje fame tobicb 31 cuen noto mentionee, tobicijin the pere 1 j 8 1 
 m fo fo je trouble the s§>outb Qjo?e of Ifland. 3no tfcis kinoe of eartlj-quabe is mod clearkelp oes 
 feribeo bp Pontanus in tljefe bcrfes 5 
 
 The ftirring breath runnes on with ftealing fteppes, 
 
 vrged now vp,and now enforced downe: 
 For frcedome eke tries all, it skips, it leaps, 
 
 to ridde it felfe from vncouch dungeon. 
 
 Then quakes the earth as it would burft anon, 
 The earth yquakes, and walled cities quiuer, 
 Strong quarries cracke, and ftones from hilles doe fhiucr, 
 
 31 thought gooo to aooe tljefe tljings , not that 3 fuppofe anp man to be ignorant thereof : but 
 lead otljer men fljculotbinke tbat toe are tgnojant, ano cbevefo?e tbat toe toill retime after tljetc 
 fables, toljicb tbep do from hence eflabliflj. 35ttt pet tbere is fomctobac mo^r intljefe fb?ee fat? 
 neo mountatnes of Ifland, toljicb cattfetb the fapo touters not a little to tooonoer.namelp tobere* 
 as thep fap tfjat tljetr foimDations arc altoapes burning, ano pet fo? all tbat,tljcir toppes be ncuer 
 Destitute of motor, l^otebeit , it befccmetlj not tbe autljojttpano learning of fuel) great clcatk£ 
 to marueile at tots, tobo can not but ttetl knoto tbe flames of mount Aetna, toljicb (accojoing to 
 Plmie) bting full of fnotoeallfatnte*,nottoitljffanoing (as tlje fame mantottnctTctb) ttootbal- 
 toapes burne, Mtberefoxe, iftoetoillgiuecrcDttbntotbem, euentljig mountamealfo, litbens 
 it is couercD toitb fitotoe, anD pet bttrnecb, mutt be a p ?ifon of uncleanc foult s : tohiclj tbing djcp 
 baue not baubteD to afcribe bnto Hecla , in regaro of tbe fro jen top, ano tbe firie bottome* ano 
 it is no marueiic tbat fire lurking fo ocepe in tbe roots of a mottntame, ano netier breaking fo?tb 
 trcept it be uerp feloome , ujoulD not be able contimtallp.to mclc the fnotoe couertng tbe toppe of 
 tbe fapD msuntaine. jfo? in Caira (oj Capira) alfo , tlje tytfjeft toppes of tlje mottntaine are fapo catdami. 
 contmuallp to be tobitetoitlj fnotoe : anDtbofemVeragualiketotte, tuljicb are fiue miles Ijigfj, 
 anD ncuer toitbout fnotoe, being Dittant nottoithflanoing tut onelp 1 o Degrees from tlje cqnino* 
 ttiall, 22lcbaucbearD tbat eitljcr of tlje fo^fapo Ipiottinccs Canoctl) neerebntoParia. CUbat, 
 if in Teneriffa (toljicb is one of tlje Canarieo? foftunate31lanDs) tbe Pike fo calleD,arifing into tbe 
 apie, accoiotng to Muniler, etgbt a? nine cSermaine miles in Ijeigbt, anD ronttnuallp flaming like 
 Aetna : pet (as Benzo an Italian, ano lipiftoiiograpber of tlje Weil Indies toitneifeth) is it not 
 ableto melt tbe gtrole of fnotoe embracing tlje miODctt tbereof, SHijteb tbmg, toljat realbn baue 
 toemoietoaomirem tbe mountatne of Hecla ? &tm thus mttcbbjieflp concerning 8ric moun= 
 taines. 
 
 #2oto tbat alfo is to be amcnDto, tobereas tfjep toiite tbat tljefe mountatnes are lifteo bp cuen 
 bntotbe fkies. jfo^tbepbaueno ettraojDinarieljcigbtbepono tbe otbermountaincs of Ifland, 
 but efpcciallp tljat tljirDmountaiiic, calico bp Munfter Helga, ano bp bs Helgafel,iljat istbc bo* 
 Ip mount , ttanoing iu£i bp a monadcrp of tbe fame name , being couereo toitb fnotoe , upon no 
 part tbereof in Summer time, neitljcr seferuetb it tbe name of an bigb mountains, but ratber of 
 an bumble billocke, neuer pet (as 3 fapo in tlje beginning of tljis fection) fo mucb as once fufpe* 
 tteo of burning. jiSeitljcrpetougbtperpetuall fnotoetobcafcribeoto Heda onelp , ojtoafetiJ 
 otljcrsjfo? Ifland Ijatbbcrpmanp fuel) fnotopmottntaines, alltobicbtbe Cofmograpber (tobo 
 batlj fa ertolleo ano aomireo tljefe tljjee) ujouId not eaftlpfiuoeottt, anD reckon bp tnatobolc 
 pere. 9ntJ tljat alfo is not to be omitteo , tbat mount Heda Hanoetlj not totoaros tlje 22lett , m 
 Munfter ano Ziegler baue noteD , but bettoeene tbe s^outlj ano tlje €aSt : neither is it an Ijeao* 
 lano, but ratber a mio-lanD bill. 
 
 Continueth alwayes burning tec toljofocuertbepbe tbatbaue afcribeo bnto Heda perpetu« 
 all belcbing out of flames, tbep arc farrc bettpes tbemarke : infomucb tljatag often as it batf) 
 bene enflameo, ourcountrepmenljauercco?DeoitintbeirperelpCb?oniclesfo?ararcacciDent : ^' f>° nl * 
 naineIpuitbepeeresofChrillno4, 1157, i22j,i ? oo, 1341, 1^62,81101389 : tfo?ftom ' 
 
 tbat pecre toe neuer ijrara of tljebuviitugoftbismou,ntaine bntilltljepeere 1558, tobicbtoaa 
 tbelaftbjeaki'ng foajtlj office in tljatmountaine, Jntlje mcane time 31 fap nottljatts impotR' 
 We , buttbst tlje bottomc of tbe bill map intoarolp b?eeo ano nouriib flames , tobid) at certaine 
 feafons (as Ijatb bene IjefetofojeobferueD) baue btirftout, ano perbaps map 00 tlje like bereafter, 
 
 Slaa 3 The 
 
w: 
 
 ill 
 
 55 8 The Englifh Voyages, The true fiat e ojIjlanL 
 
 The feuenth feUion. 
 
 The flame of mount Hecla will not burne towe (which is moft apt for the wieke of a candle) 
 Priau, neither is it quenched with water : and by the fame force that bullets are difcharged out of 
 
 Munftcras. warlike engines with vs, from thence are great ftones caftfoorth into the aire, by reafon of 
 
 the mixture of eolde, and fire, and brimflone. This place is thought of fonie to be thepri- 
 fon of vndeane foules. Item : Ziegkruu This place is the prifon of vncleane foules. 
 
 ' 111 not burne towe. ftHbere thefe tuji'tf rs fijotilD fimie fuel) matters , it is not eafieta 
 
 conjecture. iFo? our people are altogettjet t^nojant of tijcm,nEitl)er ijaD t^t p cttec bene 
 
 h'ar&ofhcereamongrjs, if eljep Ijao not b?ottgljt r^em to Itgljt* jFo? there is nomantoitbusfo 
 
 raSjlp aim fonolp curious, that barethfoj his life.theljillbeing on fire, trteanpfuch conclufions, 
 
 o (to our knowledge) that cucr Dttrff : nihicb nottoithifamifng Muntkr affirmetb.fapmg : They 
 
 that are defirous to contemplate the nature of lb huge a fire, & for the fame purpofe approch 
 vnto the mountaine, are by lome gulfe fwallowed vp aliue, &c. to'jich tiding (as 31 fapo)iSal* 
 
 together bnhnotoen unto our nation, get there is a bcoke ertant , tojitten in the ancient Iatt« 
 
 guage of the rfr DUtagians.toJberein pott map fince fomc miracles of eartb ,U)ater,6re,anb aire,$c. 
 
 confufcolp bo jitten, feto of them trur, ami the moff part baine anu falfe. ffiLUjercupan it eafilp ap« 
 
 pcnretlj that it boas fatten long fincebp fome chat mere imagined to be great urife men in the 
 
 gemiimiKg.ta unteof {paper?. "Sljep calleo ita tropall looktno; glalTe : hoinbeit, in regarnofthe font) fables, 
 
 &m "% Sii ' tobcrctottb (hut fo? ilyz mofl part bnoer the fljeta of religion ano pietp , boberebp it is mo je diffi» 
 
 tangtit. cu j t (0 g UBe 0ltt t ! J2 cotiitiiage) it Doctrj all ouer ftuarme , it befeructb not the name of a looking 
 
 E9Bfli«Hie rc T affe ropaIl,butr£it[jer of npopular,ano oinetoitteBlookingglaiTc. 3! n this glafie there are founo 
 
 Buu> BOf ilIand certsine figments of the burning of Hecla, not much Unlike tfcefe tohicbtoe ncni entreat of, no? 
 
 anp tobit moie grounbeo bpon crperience, anu fo? that caufe to be reiectco, 
 
 "iSvLt tljat 31 map not feeme &me*rjat fooleljarop, fo?acculmgthis rovall looking glafle of 
 faliljooo (not to menttott anp of thofe tlu'ngs tohich it n po?teth as leifc credible) loc bcere a fein 
 things (fricndlp reader) ttrjicb 3 fuppofe deCerue no credit at all. 
 
 i Of a certame31lle in Ireland.bauing a church anb a parti!; in it, the inhabitants tohereof de= 
 ceafing are not buried in the eartb,but like liuing meu.do continuallp.againfi fome banke o? teall 
 iw tljc ifjurcijparrj, ffanbbolt-bpught:neitrjerarethcpfubiecttoanpco?rttptiouojiiotottefalU 
 infomttcb tljat anp of the pofleritte map cbcre feeke fo?, ano bcljolde their anceff o?S, 
 
 2 fflfanotljerjfle of Ireland, baberemenare nottnojtali. 
 
 3 ©fall the earth ano trees of Ireland.being of fo?ce to refill aHuoitbns.ano to kill Gerpents, 
 anu other benimoustljings, in anp cottntreptoljatfocucr, bptljconeipbertue ano pjefencc there* 
 of, pea cuentoitbout touching. 
 
 4 ©fa thiroSifle of Ireland, that the one rjalfe thereof became an habitation of oeuils, but 
 that the fapo dcttils haue no iurifoiction ouer the other baifc , bp reafon of a Church there built, 
 although, asthetohole3|u"e is toitbout inhabitants, fothispartiscontinuallpdelftuteofapt* 
 fto?, ano of rjtuine fcruice : ano tljat it is fobp nature, 
 
 5 ©fa fourth 3ifie of Ireland floating bp'andoownein anhugelake, thegraOetohercofisa 
 jnofl pjefent remeop fo? all kinoe ofotfeafes, anD that the 3IIano, at certeine feafons,efpectailpotj 
 ^unuapes, commethto the banke of the lake, fo that anp man map then eafilp enter into it, asic 
 
 ' tuere into a thippe ; luhich nottoithttaubing (fapth he) befiinp toiillnot fuffer anp mo?e tljcn one to 
 enter at a time, furthermore, bercpojtetljthat this 3IanD ctierp feucntlj pecc grotuetlj fatt to 
 the banke, fo that pott cannot Difcerne it from firmelano : but that into the place thereof there 
 fttcceeoeth anpther,altogether like the fomicr,in nature,quantitie, ano bcrtue : tohich,ftom U)hat 
 place it commeth, no man can tell : ann that all this happened; toitb a kinoe of tbtmoering. 
 
 6 ©fthc hunters of Norway mho arefoerpcrt to tameinooo (fo?lihefpeakcthberpimpjo* 
 perlp, tDhercasbntotuoorj neither life no? taming canbeafcriberj) thattnoooenpattensof eight 
 elnea long betngbounD to the foles of their feet do carp them toitb fo great celeritte euen bpan hie 
 moutitames,that thep cannot be outrun, either bp the fvuiftnes of hotmos ano aeere,o j pet bp the 
 fiving of biros. 3no tljat thep mill kill nine roes o? mo?e at one cottrfe ? toith one ttrokeof aoart. 
 
 "tljefe ano fuchlike, concerning Ireland, Norway,Ifland,Gronland, of the miracles oftoa' 
 ter, ano aire, this mailer of fragments hath gatbereb togctijer into his looking glaffe : tohercbp, 
 although he tjatrjraaoe his otonc followers tooonber, ano the commonpcopie to be afionifl;eD,pec 
 Ijathheminillreobntobsnothingbutoccafiononanghter. 
 
 IBM let bB heare Frihus. Theflame of mount #«■/<* (fapth ht) will not burne towe (which 
 is moil apt matter for the wiekeof a candle) neither is it quenched with water. T5ut 3i fap that 
 
 this firange opinion map be confirms hp man? reafens bojrotoeb out ofpoutfcljoolcofphiio 5 
 
7 be true ftateofljland. Traffiques,<5cDifcoueries. 4.55? 
 
 ftpljp. JFo^henatltrallij9hiiofophersDoe tcatlj, That it is common to all forcible flames to 
 be quenched with diy things,andnourifhed withmoiUe: whereupon,euen blackfmitbes, by 
 fprincklingon of water, vie to quicken and firengthen their hre. For ( fap thep) when fire is 
 more vehement, it is (tirred vp by coldc,and nourifhed by moifturc, both which quakies doe 
 concurre in water.3jttm,water is wont to kindle skorchmg fires: becaufe the inoilture it felfe, 
 which arifeth, doth proue mote fattie and groffe, neither is it confumed by the fmoke enclo- 
 fingit, but thefireit felfe feedethvpon the whole fubfiance thereof, whereby being made 
 purer, and gathering round together, it becommeth then more vehement by rcalbnofcoldc. 
 And therefore alfo wild-fires cannot be quenched with water, 3tem, There be places aboun- 
 ding with brimftone and pitch, which burne of their owne accord, the flame wherof cannot 
 be quenched with water. tEbe JtiauntipjlIolbpljcralfohatljaffitmeQ, that fire is nourifhedby 
 water, Arift. 3 , de anim. 9i«i Plinie, in the fccoilO bflokr of big naturall hiffo }\t cap, 1 1 o, SLttO 
 StrabotllijiS7. bOOkfJnNymphcum there proceedeth a flameoutofarocke, which is kind- 
 led widi water. 'She fame autrjojfaptfj: The afliecontinuallyflourifliethjcoueiiiig a burning 
 
 fbuntaine.Slmi mojeotier tljat trjere arefuDDen fires at fome times, turn upon luatf tst, as name* 
 Ip tfjat the lake of rhrafumenus intljefielDofPerugi,toas all on fire, ajsttje fame Strabo toit» 
 neiTeth. 3nDinthepeares 1226, anD 123d, not farrefromihepjomontojicoiXlaitDc calico 
 Reykians,a flame offir^bjakc fojth out of tljefea, ipea cuetttopon mens boDies fuaacn fires hauc 
 glttereo: as namelp, there fpjang a flame from tlje heao of Scruius Tullius tying a (Ice pe : ano 
 alfo Lucius Martius in Spaine after the Death of the Sicipions, making an ojattontohisfoulDt* 
 frs,ano cjcljojttnjtijem to rcuenge,toagallinaflame,as Valerius AntiasDothrepojt, Plinie in 
 like fb?t maketlj mention of a flame in a certaine mouutalne,tohich,aS it iskuiDleD toith mater, 
 ft is it quencljeo toith cart!; 0} hape i alfo of another ficlo toljich burner!) not tlje Ieaues of fbaDic 
 trees that grotoe Directly otter it, Cljefc tbingg being thus, it is Grange tljat men ffjoulD actomp t 
 that a toonoer in Hecla onclp(foj 31 toillgraunt it to be,fo?Difputation fakc.tohen inoretse there 
 is na fuel) matter fo farre foojth as cuer 31 coulo learnc of anp man ) uibtch is common to manie 
 other parts 0} places in tlje too jlo, both hillp anrj plaine, aa toell as to this. 
 
 And by the fame force that bullets, &c.Munfter faith the likcalfo. This mountaine when it *' [<ie1 ' 
 rageth, it Ibundeth like dreadfull thunder,cafteth forth huge flones,difgorgethbnmftone,and 
 with the cinders thatarc blowen abroad, it coucreth fo much ground round about it, thac no 
 man can inhabite within 20,miles thereof, &c, H;>0tobeit,t!jep ought to haue COIIipareO It tottrj 
 
 A«na,oj toithother fieric mountatnes, toherrof 31 totUpjefentlpmake mention, feeing t!:ere 10 
 to be fount) in them,not ouelp alike accioent, but in a manner tlje berp fame.Onleffe perhaps this 1 
 be the Difference, thru flames b?akefelDomerout of Hecla, then out of other mottntaines of tlje 
 fame kuwe. Jfo? it hath noto rett cd thefc 34,pcares full out, the laflfierte li^eaclj being maoc in 
 thepearc 1 5 58. as toe haue before noteD. anotberecannofuchtoonDersbeaffirmeoofoue 
 Hecla , but tlje fame } greater are to be afcrtbeo unto other burning mottntaines, as it (hall bp 
 anobpappeare, 
 
 T5uttbatb?imrfoneffjotiInbefcntfoo?tfjiti]S!ameerefaWe,mtD netter knotocu bnto ourna* 
 turn, bp anp crperiment, 
 
 This place is the prifon of vndeane foules, Ipere 31 am conffraintB to bfe a preface, ano to 
 craueparoon of tljclSeaoer, becaufe, tohereas in the beginning 31 pjopoumieD bnto mp felfe to 
 treat ofthelano, ano of the inhabitants Dtfitttctrp bp ibemfclues,31 muftofneceffitieconfufeolp 
 hanDlc certaine matters in this firff part, toljichDo p joperlp belongbnto the fecontj.'&his is come 
 to paffe through tlje fault of thefe totters, toho haue confounoeo this part of tlje inhabitants rcli* 
 gion concerning the opinion of Ijell, 0? of tlje infernallp^ifon, toitlj tlje fituation $ miracles of the 
 ifianrj.aiUjerfoje that luemap come to this mattcr.toho can littt toonDer,that toife men ujouId be 
 grotoen to this point, not onelp to liflen after, but euen to folloto ano embrace the ootings of tlje 
 rune people*; if oj the communfo^t of ftrangcrs,anD tlje off-fkoto?ing of mariners (here 3 do w- 
 cept tljem of better mopment aftoell mariners as others; hearing of this rare miracle of nature, 
 fcpan inbjeo ano natttcall blocktfljneffe arc carrieo to tljis imagination of the pjtfon of foulcstann 
 that becaufe thep fee no toooD no? anp fuel) fewell lapeo Dpon this fire as tljep Ijaue in tljcir otone 
 tbimueps at home. 3nD bp tljis perfmafion of trjegroffe mtiltituoe, tlje repojt greto ttrong, efpc 
 ciallp (as thep are too much acctiflonico to banning ano curfing) tohtleone tooulD toiuj to another 
 the fitie tojments of this mountaine, as though elementane , materiall , ano Difible fire cculo 
 tonfttme mens foules being fpirftuall, booiieffe, ano inuiftblefubff antes, QnDtobeiljojt, tobo 
 can but tooencer , teljp thepfljoulo not fainethe famepjifon of DamncD foules , aftoell in mount 
 Aetna , being no leffe famous fa? fires ano inflamations tljcn this ": IStit pott toill fap, that pope 
 GregoriefamcD it fo to be, t&ije«fo jc it is purgatojie, 3J ant concent it fijoulD be f@ : tijen tl;ere 
 
 is* 
 
 I 
 
 
56 o The English Voyages, Thetrueftateofljland. 
 
 id tlje fame tcaetbofcbispjtfon that tljere is of purgatojie.TSut before 31 p?oceeoc anp furt^ec 
 31 tbiube it not amtffe to tell a mcrie tale, tobicb toas tbe original! anogrouno of ttys bcUiOjo- 
 jjinionmamciptljatafijipof certatneCranajcrsccpattingfrom Jifiano, bnbcrfullfaile, a mott 
 I'totfc pace, going birectlp on bcr courl"e,met toitb another (hip failing againfi toinoc $ toeatljcr, 
 «mo tbc fo?ce ofcljc tempeG as ftoifclp as tbcmrelues,tebo bailing tljcm of tohenre tljep toere.au* 
 f lucre toas gitten bp their goucrnour /Be "Bifibopvan 'Bremen: being tfce feconb rime afbeb tobe* 
 tbec chcp toere bounb^s be anCtoereb,7&flw Heckflfeld tho, Thom Hukelfeldtiw. 3 am affearb lefi 
 the rcaoer at tljc fight of tbefe things fboulb call fo? a bafon : fo? it is fitcb an abominable lie , that 
 it tooulD make a man cafl bis gojge to beare it, Stoap toitb it therefore to fcnnp frogs, fo? toe e* 
 fieeme no moje of it, tljen of tljeir croaking coat coar. Jl2ap, it is fo palpable tljat it is not toojtbp 
 to be fmtlco at, mucb lefle to be refuted Tout 31 Mil not uifle anp longer toitb tljc fans papifls: 
 let bs cacljer come bnto our otone inciters, 
 anb uric of all 3i cannot here omit a Taping of tljat moll toojtljie man Docto? CafparPeu- 
 
 cer. ThereismIfl3nde(quotb be) mount Hecla, being of as dreadfull a depth as any vafle 
 gulre,pr as hell it felfe, which refoundeth with lamentable.^ miferablc yellings,that thenoife 
 of the cryers may be heard for the fpaceofa great league found about. Greac iwarmes of vgly 
 blacke Rauens and Vultures lie hooueringabout this place which arc thought of the inhabi- 
 tants to neitlc there. The common people oi that countrey are verily pcrfwaded, that there 
 is adefcentdowne into hell by this gulfe: and therefore when any battailes are foughtenelfc 
 where, in whatfoeuer part of the whole world,or any bloudie (laughters are committed,they 
 haue learned by long experience, what horrible tumults and out-cryes, what monftrous 
 skritches are heard round about this mountaine, SIUjo Sui'lt be fo bolO ( mottleameb S)tr ) to 
 bjiug fuel) an tncrebible report to pour cares *: jQeitbec Ijatlj aflanb anp SJultures , but crjac fc* 
 cono hince of Cagles, tobicb Plinic noteo bp tbetc tobtte taples,ann caileb tbem Pygarfi: neither 
 arc there anp toitb bs,tljat can beare toitneffe of tbe fo jetatb fpectacle: noj pet is it libelp tbat Ea« 
 nens nno €agles tooulb neflle in tbat placc,toben as tbcp fijoulb rather be bjiuen from tijence b? 
 fire anb fmobe, being things molt contrarie to tljetr nature, 9ud pet uottoitbttanbingfo j pjoofe 
 of tljiS matter, as alio of a ftrange tumult heard within the hollow of the mountaine, the? 
 allege the erpcrience of tbemljabttants, tobicb tnbeebe teftifietballtbings to tbe contrarie, 15 ut 
 tobereaboutujoulb tbat bole ojtombotoeoftbemountainebe,bp tbc tobicb toe map beare out* 
 cries , nopfe ano tumults bone amongtbem,tobo inbabitc tlje moll concrarte,bifiant, euro remote 
 placegof the earth frombs'; Concerning tobicb tbing 'I toouloaf fee tbe autfco? of tbis fable ma« 
 np qticttions, if 3) might but come to the bnotoleoge of him : in tbe meanc time 31 cculb toitb tbat 
 from benccfoo jtlj be tooulo learne to tell trotb, 9 not p?efume toitlj f tmpuoent a face to cnfojme 
 excellent Peucer, ojotbers, of fucbbnlmotoenanb increoiblematters. 
 
 ajutto returneto Munikr,toljoenoeuouringtol'earcbouttlje caufesoftbe great anb ffrange 
 fireof tljat famous bill Aetna, is it not monfirous tbat tbe berp fametljing tobiebbe there maben) 
 natural,bc fljoulo bere imagine to be pjeternaturall,pea tnfemalVBut tobp to 3 fpeafee of Ae t na? 
 JLetbS ratljerconfioer tohatMunfterin another place tbinfcetb of tbc burning of Hecla, 
 
 It is without doubt (faith be)thatfomemountaines and fields burned in old time through- 
 mogr4™. S vni- out the whole world: and in this our age do burne. As for example : mount Hecla in Ifland ac 
 unfaiisiib.i. certainefeafons cafteth abroad greac {tones, fpitteth out brimltone, and difperfeth aflies,for 
 fuch a diftance round about, that the land cannot be inhabited within 20,mi!es thereof. But 
 where mountaines do continually burne we vnderftand that there is no flopping of the paiTa- 
 gcs,wherby they poure forth abundance offirefometimeflaming.&fometimelmoaking as it 
 were a ftteaming flood-But if betweene times the nre encreafeth,all fecret paifagesbeing ihut 
 vp,the inner parrs of the mountaine are notwithstanding enflamed.The fire in the vpper part, 
 forwant of matter, fomewhatabateth for the time, But when a more vehement fpirite (the 
 fame,or other paiTages being fet open again)doth with great violence breake prifon.it caiteth 
 forth afheSjfand^rimflonejpumiftoneSjlumpes refembling iron.great ftones, & much other 
 matter,not without the domage of the whole region adioyning. EbUS farce Munfter,SI3!jere 
 
 confioer (goob Eeabec) boto be cuttetb W th?oat toitb bis otone ftoojb, conftDcr (31 fap) tbat in 
 this place there is tbe berp fame opinion of tbe burning of Hecla, 9 the burning of Aetna , toljicb 
 nottoitbtfanbtngmbiS4.bonbe tsuerpbiuerfe,fo? there be is fame to runtoinfernaUeaufes,3 
 certaine ficrie mountaine of 223efi 3Inbia bath farre mo je frienotp cenfurers, es biftojiographers 
 rbra our Heda.tobo mabe not an mfernall gulfe tberof.^be lt>iQo?p of tobicb mountain(becaufe 
 : it is fiiojtt 9 fuieete)3I toill fet ootone,being tojitten bp Hieronimus Benzo an atalian, in bis bi» 
 Coip Of the neto toOJlb, lib,2, 'Stbefe be the toOJBS, About 3 5.mi les diltant from Leon there is a 
 mountaine which at a great hole belcheth out fuch mightie balks of flames, rhat in the night 
 
 they 
 
 ■ 
 
The true/late offjland. TrafFiques,& Diicoueries. 561 
 
 they fhincfarre and neare,aboueioo, miles. Some wereof opinion that within ic was molten 
 gold miniftring continuall matter & nourifhment for the fire.Herenpon a certain Dominican 
 Frier,dcrermining tomake trial ofthe matter,caufed a braffe kettlc,& an ho chain to be made: 
 afterward attending to the top ofthe hill with pother Spaniards.he letteth downe the chaine 
 & the kettle 1 40.elnes into the fornace: there, by extreme heate ofthe fire.the kettle, & part 
 ofthe chaine melted.The monke in a rage ran back to Leon,& chid the fmith,becaufe he had 
 made the chaine far more (lender then himfclfe had comanded.The fmich hammers out ano- 
 ther of more fubftance & ttrcngth then the fbrmer.The Monke rcturnes to the mountains,and 
 lets downe the chaine & the cauldron : but with the like fuccefle that he had before. Neither 
 did the caldro only vanifh & melt a way:but alfo,vpon the fudden there came out ofthe depth 
 a flame offire,which had almoft cofumed theFrier,& his companions/Then they all returned 
 fo aftonifhedjthat they had fmall lift afterward to profecute that atterapt,&c. <KU(jat great Dtf» 
 ferenee is tbete bettoeene tbcfe two cenfures*: 3n a fierp bill of WltO Jnoia tbep fearcb fo? golo: 
 tut in mount Hecla of Jflano tbepfeehefo?ljel,lj)oWbetttbepwilperbapB reject tljijs as a cfjtns 
 too new, g?altogetber bnkno Wen to ancient W?iters. 22Jhp rtjercfoje baue not testers imagineo 
 tbc fame p?ifon of foulest to be in Chimera an bill in Lycia (Wbicb>bprepo?t,flametb continuallp 
 Dap ana nigbt) tljat is in mount Hecla of Jiflano* Z&ty baue tljep not imagineD tbe fame to be in 
 tbemountaines of Ephefus, toljicbbeing toucbeo toicba burning to?cb, are repo?teD to conceiue 
 Co mncb fire, tljat tbe &ecp ftoncs 9 fanD Iptng in tbe Water ate caufeo to burne, 9 from tbe wjuclj 
 (a ftaffe being burnt Dpon tbeni,fr traileo after aman on tbe grouno)tbere p?oceeoe wbole rtuers 
 of fire,as Plinie tefltfietb't <I2tbp not inCophantrusamountaineof Baaria,altoapea burning in 
 tbe nigbt'*. 32Ibp not in tbe fflt of Hiera,flaming in tbe \\\M of tbe fea'-.KlbP not in Aeolia in olo 
 time liketoife burning fo? certaine Daies in tbe miott of tlje fea*: OTjp not in tbe fielD of Babylon 
 burning in tbe oap fcafon'iEnbP not in tbe fielos of Aerhiopia glittering altoaies like Sacs in tlje 
 nigbt*: ffiHbP not in tbe bill of Lipara opening Wirt- a toioeano bottomlefle gulfe (as Ariftotie 
 bearetb reco ?D)tobereunt o it is Dangerous to app?ocb in tlje nigbt :f ro tobence tlje founo of Cpm* 
 bals ann tbe nojjfe of rattles, witb unwonteo ann bncoutb laugbtefe are Ijearo': C23bP not in tbe 
 fielo of Naples, nearetwto Puteoli*: SKfjp not in tbe Pike of rencriffa before mentionet), like 
 Aetna toneinuallp burning ann calling Dp Bones into tbe aier, as MunQer bimfelfe WitnelTetb t 
 S33fjp not in tbat Aethiopian bill,tobicb Plinie affitmecb to burne mo?e tljen all tbe fojmer': ana 
 to concluoe.tobp not in tbe mountaine ot Vefuuius,wbicb(to tbe great Damage of al tbe countrep 
 aDiopning, * to tbe fetter Deduction of Cams Plmius pjping into § caufes of fo Orange a fire)too* 
 in: ting out flames as (jigb as tbe clouos, filling t\}t aire with great abunoance of pumi(tones,anQ 
 nujes.gHDitbpalpableDarkneffe intercepting tbe ligljtoftbefumte from al tbe region tberabourt 
 31 toil fpeake.9 petfpeake no moie tben tbe trucb: becaufe m Deeoe tbepfo?efato,tbat men toouto 
 peels no creDite to thofe ttjings as being too Well kaowen ,t ijottgb tljtp iljoulo baue feineo tbem to 
 baue becne tbe flames of bell : but tbep tljougbt tbe burning of Hecla ( tbe rumo? toljercof came 
 mo?e flotutp to tljeir eares) to be fitter fo? tlje ettabltfijing of t bis f otto fabIe.T5 ttt get pe packing, 
 pour f ratttj is founo outrlcaue offfo? ujame bereafcer to perfujaoe anp fimple man, v ilj:re is a bcl 
 in mount Hecla. jf 01 nature Ijatb taugbtbotljDSf otbers(maugre pour optnion)to acknowledge 
 ber operations in tbefe fireu)o?kcs,not tbe furp of bell. I3ut nob) let us cramine a few mo?e fucb 
 fables of j como people,Wbicb baue fo tmhapptip mifleDD our ljiQo?iograpbers 9 cofmograpbers* 
 
 The eight feBiort, 
 Neare vnto the mountaines(thc j .fornatned Hecla &c.) there bethrcc vafte holes, the depth Friffut 
 whereof,efpecially at mount Hecla.cannot be difcerned by any man.be he neuer fo ftiarpc oShbbiwi, 
 fighted:but there appeare to the beholders thereof certaine men atthat inftant plunged in, 
 & asyetdrawingtheir breath,who anl'were their fricnds(exhorting them with dcepe fighs 
 to rcturne home) that they muft depart to mount Hecla : and with that, they fuddenly va> 
 nidi away. 
 
 TO confirme tbe fo?mer lie, of an earrblp 9 "oiSble bell(albeit 31 toill eafilp grant tbat Frifius 
 in Waiting tbefe tljings Dto not enteno to rep?oclj anp,but onlp to bla je ab?oao new ^tncrcDi^ 
 We matters)certaine iDle companions knowing neitljer bell no? Beaton baue muentcD tbis fable, 
 noleue rep?ocbfull tben falfe,aiw nioje&aine a> netettabletben Sicilian fcoffes.aBbicl) felloWes 
 tbefe w?tters (being otber wife men of ercellent parts,ano to Wbom learning is mucb tnoebtcD) 
 baue followeo Witb an ouer IjaQte iuogement. 
 
 15ut it Were to be Wiflbeo, tljat none Wottla Wjtte Bptttojiess Witb fo great a nefire of fctting 
 foo?tljnouelties 9 ftrange tbings,tljat tbep feare not, in tljat regaro to b?ocb anp fabulous 9 olo« 
 tomes topes, 9 & to Beetle pure golo Witb filtbp mt're^ut 31 p?ap pou,l)ow mtgtjt tbofe D?oWncB 
 »ne be fwimming in tbe infernallakc,f pet fo? al tljat,parleing Witlj tbeir acciuatntance? frients^s 
 
5<*2 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Tbetrueftateofljland. 
 
 JtHbat 1 : 223111 pou coniurc,$ raife top Bnco t>& from Be atlj to life olo Orpheus conferring toitlj bis. 
 toife Euridicc(ojatoen backe againe ooton to tbe £>tigian fiooD>in ttjcfc pares oftfje too?lo,as it 
 toerebpthebankesoffnotoep Tanais,$ HebrusDefcantingBponbisbarpe't'ButinBerp BceDal» 
 though otljers toill not acknotoleoge the faKhooD,tBanitp of trjtfe mfles ; pet Cardane being a oi» 
 ligent confioerer of all things in bis 1 8,booke de fub:ilitate,DOtb acknotolcoge grfino tljem out, 
 2Ubofe toOJDSbe tl;efe.There isHecla a mounraine in lfland,which burncth like \n\.cts£tna at 
 certain feafons,& hereupon the comon people haue conceiued an opinion this long time.tbac 
 foules are there purged: fomc,lea(t they fhould feeme liars, heape vp more vanities to this fa- 
 ble.that it may appeare to be probable,& agreeable to reafo.Buc what be thole vanities.?name- 
 ]y,they feine certaine gholts anfwering the,thac they are going to mount He c la : as the fame 
 Cardane Caitlj, &nD further he aCBetb.Neitherin Ifland only, but euery where (albeit felOome) 
 
 iuch things come to paffe.ano then be tela this ffojie follotoingof a man-killing fpjigljt. There 
 
 was (faittj he) folemnized this laft yeare the funerall of a comon citizen,in the gate neare vnto 
 the great Church,by that markcrplace,which in regard of the abundacc of herbs, in our toong 
 hath the name of the hcrbmarkcr. There meets with me one of mine acquaintance : I (accor- 
 ding to the cuftome of Phifitians ) prefently aske of what difeafe the man died ? he giueth me 
 anfwere that this man vfed to come home from his labour ? .houres within nigh t:one ni"ht a- 
 mog the reft he efpicd an hobgoblin purfuing him: which toauoid,he ran away with al fpeed: 
 but being caught by the fpright.he was throwne down vpon the grouud.He would faine haue 
 made a fhout,& was not ab!e.Atlength(whcn the fpright & he had firuggled together vpon 
 the ground a good while)he was found by certain palTcngers,& carried home halfe dead.And 
 when he was come ro himfelfe againe, being asked what was the matter, he vp and telde this 
 ftrange relation.Hereupon(being vtterly daunted, & difcouraged, when neither by his friends, 
 nor by Philitians,nor by Priefts, he could be perfwaded, that thefe things were but his ownc 
 conceits,& that there was no fuch matcer)8.daies after he died.I heard alio afterward ofothers 
 which were his neighbors,that no man could more coftantly affirme himielfe to be wounded 
 of his enemy ,then this man tlid, that he was caft vpon the ground by a ghoft.And when fome 
 demanded what he did,after he was tumbled on the earth ?The dead man(quoth (je)Iaying his 
 hands to my throat,went about to ftragle me:neither was there any remedy ,but by defending 
 my felfc with mine own hands.When others doubted leaft he might luffer thefe things of a li- 
 uing man,they asked him how he could difcerne a dead man fro a liuing?To this,he rendered 
 a very probable rcafon,faying that he feemed in handling to be like Cottum,& that he had no 
 weight,but held him down by maine force. 3nD pjefentlp after be aDDeth Jn like manner as in 
 Ifland, (o in the defert fands ofe/££ty>f,e/£^'<p/<*,and India, where the funne ishoat, the very 
 fame apparitions,the fame fprigbts are wont to delude wayfaring men. CbiiS mucb Cardane, 
 
 3Pet from bence ( 3! troto) no man toill concltiBe as our tenters of Ifland do, that in the places of 
 /Egypt, jEthiopia.an&India.tbereisapjtfonofDamneB foules. 
 
 3 thought gooo to toMtetbefe things out of Cardane , that 31 map bjing euen tlje trflimonp of 
 Crangerson our fiBes,againftfucbmonffrous fables. %\)ie plate of Cardane implicth thefe ttoa 
 tbings,namclp v apparitions of fpjigbts are not proper to Ifland a!one(toljiclj thing al mi knoto, 
 if tbcp do not maliciouflp feigne tpefclues to be tgnojant)3nB feconolp tbat that conference of tlje 
 Dcao toitljtbe lilting in vgulfc of Hecla is not grounDeo toyenanp ccrtaintp,btrtonlp tipon fabks 
 roineo bp Tome tele perfons,being mo je Baine tben anp bubhle.toljicb trje umtifh comon fo?t baue 
 Bf co, to confirme their opinion of tbe tormenting of foules. 3nD is there anp man fo fantatticall, 
 t bat toil be mouceo to b eleeuc thefe gttlfcs .mftioneo bp to utc rs,to be anp to be re ertant,altbough 
 tbtp ue neuer fo ful of oeao mens miracles^pea ooubtletfe. jfo? fro bence alfb trjep fap,y rep?oches 
 are iufflp BfeB againft our nation: namelp,p there is notbing in all tbe toojlo moje bafe,$ toojtb* 
 lefTe then it.tobtcb conteineth bell toitbin tbe botmBs tberof.Cbis Berelp is the gooB that toe baue 
 gotten bp tljofe btutyiograpbers/toho haue bin fo greeBp to publtfh nouelties. T5M this opinion, 
 b?eo bp tbe fotttujnes of trjecomon people bath bitbcrto(as 31 hope)bene fufficientlp ouettlj jotoeti 
 asatbingfooliflifBaine.anBasheingDeuifeDfojtbeBpbrapBingofournation.^Oijerefoj^pjO 3 
 ceeoe(frtenBlpSeaoer)anoljefanberm!lructeBintbispbilofopbpofinfernaUfecrets. 
 
 The ninth feElion. 
 But round about the Iland,for the fpace of 7.or 8.moneths in a yere there floatethife, making 
 a miferable kind of mone,and not vnlike to mans voice,by reafon of the clafhing together. 
 The inhabitants a re of opinion that in mount Hecla and in the ife,there are places wherein 
 the foules of their countreymen are tormented. 
 
 N© ooubt.atoojtb? augmentation of tbe rjifto^PjConcerningtbeljeloflfland^utBptoitbiti 
 the fcotome of one moumaine, ? tljat no great one: pea, at fome timeg(bp fits ano feafons) 
 
 cljanging 
 
 Frilius and 
 
 Munilcr. 
 
 
»A 
 
 The true [late ofljland. Traffiques,6c Difcoueries. 563 
 
 cljanging placesmamelpMe 1 it is toearp of lurking at borne bp tbe fires fiDetuttljni p mountaine, 
 it deltgbtetb to be ranging; ab?oao, 9 to benter to fea.but toitljout a fbip, 9 to gat bee it felfe round 
 into mojfels of pee .Come fojtb.s giue cate allpe j} toonder at tijis fecrcc. JLo,3 teill affojD tbefe 
 yitto^gtapbersanotber addition of biftojpberp notable. Lettbemto?itctberfoje,tbat'p r 3!f!ar.= 
 dcrs baue not ontp bel toitbin tljeir ittrifDiction,but alfo £ tljf p enter into it toitlinglp 9 toittmglp, 
 $come fojtb againe untoudjeo p* berpfamc dapjpoto can tbat be*: CSIbp: it is an ancient cttflomc 
 of tbe 3!fiamj 'bat tljep tobtcb inbabite ncare tbe fea fhoare do bfuallp go betimes in a moping to 
 jcatcb Stales, euen bpon tbe berp fameifc toljicb tbe Ijiflo^iograpbcrs make to be be 1,9 in tbe euc USon 
 ntng rtturne borne fafe ana found, ©ct Dotonc alfo (if pe pleafc) chat tlje p?ifon of tbe damned is 'I" " '■ 
 fcept in ttoje bp tbe Jifianders in coffers anp bcffels, as toe [hall anon bearc out efFrifius. 
 
 2But pou bad need toifelp to fo?efee,lefl p J dancers beguile all pour countries of the comcnsa« 
 lion of courage 9 conttacp:namelp,as tbcp(foj fo it pleafetb pour to?iters to report) tobo botb can 
 q- null endure the torments of bell, 9 tobo are able to b jeake tbjougb 9 efcape fbem.tott&ouc anp 
 f artbet bwrt'-tobicb t^«S i? 1 «eccffari(p to be collectco out of tbat.tbat batlj bm before mentionco. 
 :9no 3 am able to reckon bp a great manpof our couiurimen, tobo in p berp act of btinting,toan« 
 D jtngfometobst.fwe from tbe fyoar,c(tbe ice bring oifperfed bp toeSerne toinds)rf fo? tlje fpace StnSw^if- 
 ofmanpleaguesrjeSingbpontbeicejbeingcbafeDiBttbtbebiolenceoftbettmpca^tbmetobole pttfetoew. 
 iaies 9 rtigrjts being toffed bp 9 ootone in tbe toaues of j5 raging fea,$ fo(fo } it follotoetb bp good 
 fonfetiuenceoutaftbisp^obiemeoftbebittojiogcapberSjbauefjabrrpenEnccoftbetomients,^ 
 pines of tbis btU of ice.CObo at tbe lafi.the toeatljer being cbangcD,^ tbe toinos blotting at tbe 
 ^ojtb.beingtranfpojeeoagaintotbefboare^ntbistbeirilipoficejbauercturttcbbonieinfafetp: 
 fome of tobicb number are aliue at this Dap. £©bercfo?e let fucb as be defirous of netoes fhatcb 
 bp this.? (if tbcp pleafe)Ict tbem frame a toljolebolume bcreof,? adoe it to their bifto??. ^2cttbec 
 60 thefe bainc pbantaCes oeferue otbertoife to be bandied 9 cofuteo,t ben toitb fucb Itkemerimecs, 
 9 fpojtmgs.Tgut to lap afioe all ieffing,let bs returnc to tbe matter from tobeuce toe are bigrciftD. 
 4f irff of all tberfoje it is euioent en,ougb out of tbe fecono fection,p ice floatetb not about tbis 31= 
 lano,mitber 8.no j 7,monctbs in apcrcthen.tbat tbis ice (altbcugb at feme times bp fljttf fling to- j» flow t\> 
 getberttmakctbrnonttrous founowgs ^cracklings, gtagaine atfomcttmes toitb tbe beating of mJ&jXf; 
 tbe toater.it frnoetb foixb an hjar(£kjnj) of murmuring) ootlj anp tljing at all refbttud 0? lament, tow 3,iuho. 
 Iikebntomansboice,toemapinnotafecorsfe(Te. 15uttoberastbepfepthat,bothinthelfie,and 
 
 in mount Heda we appoint certaine places, wherin the foulcs of our countrimen are tormen- 
 
 ted.toebtterlp ttand to tbe ocniall of tbat: anD toe tljanfee (Sod 9 our Lojd 3Iefus €\)}iQ from tbe 
 bbtomcofourbeart0(tobo batbdelioertBbS from Deatb* bell, 9 opened bntobs tbe gate of tbe 
 kittgoome of beaueii)becaufe be batb indtucteD bs mo je truelp.concernmg tbe place,tob«ber EJjc 
 foulesof our o< teafeD cauntrtmen ocpart.tben tbefe billojiograpbersDoe tellbs. URc fenoto arm 
 maintain tljat tbe foulcs of p goelp ere tranfpo?teb immeoiatlp out of tbeir bocilp p?ifons,not in« 
 to tbe IpapiCs purga;o?p,tio? into tbe Clpfian 6elcs,but into Abrahams bofomejinto tbe band of 
 ©ob, 9 into tlje beauenlp paraoife, WLe knoto $ maintaine concerning tbe fottles of tlje toickeo, 
 tbat tbeptoander not into tbe fires jafhes of mountaines,oj into bifibletce.but imuicDiatlp arc 
 tarried atoap into btterDarkeneffe.tobere istoeeping^gnafhingof teetb, tobcrc there is colde 
 alfo^fire not comon.but far beponb our knotoledge 9 curious Difpiitation.jabere not onelp bo* 
 DieSjbut fonleS alfo,^ is fpirituall fubfiances arc to?menteo.3nd toe do altb boId 3 p tbe 3Dflandcrs 
 are no tobit nearer buto tbfs ertreamc 9 DarKe p?ifou, in rcgaro of tbe fittiation of place ,tbcn tbe 
 (Sermans.Danes, jrrcncbmen,3!talians,o? anp otbernation tobatfoeuer.jS. itb; r is it anp 'thing 
 to theputpofe,at all to Difpute of tbeplace 0? lituation of tbis Dungeon.j t is fufftcient fo? bs,tbat 
 (bp tbe grace anD afftffance of our top Sefus £b?itt , toitb tobofe potions blood toe are reDee* 
 meD)toeihallneuer fee tbat btter darkneffe.nojfecle tlje reft of the tomtents tfjat be there, J3oto 
 let bs l;ere (but bp tbe Difputation concerning the bell of aflano. 
 
 Tbe tenth [eUion. 
 If any man fliall take a great quantity of this ice, & fhall keepe it neuer fo warily cnclofed in a F *> us - 
 -co&ror vefTel.ic vvilatchat time when the ice thaweth about the lland.vtterly vanifh away, sail"" 5 ' 
 fo that not the leaftpart thereof,no nor a drop of water is to be found. 
 
 Sjarflp,tbigtoasofneceffitptobeadDeD:nantclp,ptbisice,tobicbacco^iugtol;iflcpgrapbers 
 reniefmtetl) mans botce,$ is tbeplace of tbe Damnc9,dctb not asal otljer tljtngs in this toioe 
 too^lo.confift of ^ matter of fome clement.jT o? tobercas it fccmctlj to be a baop,tobt'n indeed tt is 
 no bocp: ( tohicl) mapdircctip be gatberco out of Frifius abfurd opinion)tobf rcas alfo it peirretb 
 tbjousbljaro 9 Colioe bodies ,no otberujtfe tljenfpirits 9 gbofts-.tljerfoT-e it rrniainetbXeemg it is 
 not of an elementarp nature,? it muif bme either a fpirituaU,oj a celeflinUaj an infernal matter, . 
 3&ut? it u)oulo bs fafernalljtoe can not be pevftoaded,bccaufi; toe ijaue bearo tbat mfenwll cold is 
 
5H 
 
 The Englifti Voyages, The truejlate ofljland. 
 
 [0 
 
 Fiifoia, 
 
 farre mo?e onlufferablc tljen this ife.tohicb ufetl) to be put into a bore toitb mens hanDS, $ is not 
 of fojee anp ti)b;t to hurt euennafceo fletfj.bp touching tberof, J12o j j»c t totll toe grant it to be fpf-- 
 r ituall: foi ujc Lmuc learneo m uaturall ]j3bilcfopbp,tbat fp?iritual fubflances can neither be fcene 
 no j felt, 9 camiot baue anp thing taken from ctjcm:all tohicb things do nottotcbflantiing mott ma* 
 nifeftlp agree to this ife of the iE)ifro?topjcapljers,fjatofoeuec accoutring to tijem it be fupernaturaf. 
 05efioi:s alfOjtt is mott true,tbat tbeberp fame pfe being melteo toitb the beat of the funne,? re- 
 foltteo into toatcr,bpon trje Upper part trjerof , ttanoetlj fiftjermeninas goon Dead to quench their 
 thirft.as anp lanD-riuer tooulo Do,tobtcb thing can no map be afcribeo to a fpirituall fubflance .St 
 is not therefore fpirituall.noj petinfemall. jftoto nonetoilbe fb bolo to afnrmc,tbat it bath cele* 
 ftiall m?.tter,Icaft fome man perhaps might hereupon imagined this ife hath bjongbt bell(toh.tclj 
 the bitto jtogtapbers amtere bnto it) Dotone from heanen, together toit(j it felfe : o? that tbrliame 
 thing Eljoulo be common bnto bcauen,being; of one 9 the fame matter toitb t'fe.tf ft that the p?iCbn 
 of tbc oamnen map be thought to bane changes plsces toith the beauelp paraBife,tf all bp the otter* 
 fight of tbefc l£t topographers. ?KBberfo?e feeing the matter of this bittojicall ife is nttt&er ele= 
 meiuarie(as toe baue fo often pjoueo bp tbis place of Frifius)netther fpirituaiI,no j inftrnaTl.lrotl) 
 tohtcb toe Ijaue conclubeb euioentlp 5 in tfjojc, pet founo annfubfiantiallreafons: no? pet celefllall 
 matter, to!)icb,religion fo jbiDBetb a man once to imagine : it is altogether mam'fett, p accojotng 
 to the faio bitto?iograpl)ers,tbcre is no fuclj thing at all,torjich nottoithttmnring tljep bla?e abjoan 
 Ujt'ttj fuel) ai>oni'.l)ing aumiratton , s tohicb toe tijtnke to be an joinarp mat tcr common!? fecne 
 anofelt* 3rbcrefo?eitts,anoitts not: laljicl) p ^opofttion tu^ien itujallfallouttrue.m the fame 
 refpcct,in the fame part, anu at the fame time, then toill toe giue creatte to tbefefto?en miracleis. 
 3ftoto tljccefoje the Eeaoer map eatilp tuDge,tbat toe neeb none other belpe to refutetbefe things, 
 but onelp to ftcto hoto ttjcp Dtfagree one toitb another, 'Ettt it is nomaruell tbatbe, tobicbhatj} 
 once entlineo himfelfe to the fabulous reports of the common people,fljottln oftentimes falltnt* 
 trro j.&here toas a like Grange thing tnuenteb bp another concerning tlje fpmpatbp 0? ctmioining 
 of this ife: itame!p,tbat it follotoeth the Departure of that huge lumpe,tobcreof it is a partjo nar* 
 rotolp,? foftoif tip, that amanbpno Diligence canobfetteit^bpreafonof thebntbangeabiene* 
 ceGitie of follotoing,T6ut toe batte oftentimes feene fitch a fettttfrte lumpe of ife remammg(atter 
 the other parts thereof toere bjiucn atoap ) ami Iping bpott the Gjo je fo? man? toeekes together, 
 toithoat anp potts 0? engines at all to ttap it, ©berefoje ttis plaine that thtfe miracles of ifeart 
 grounDeDbponamojefiipperpfounDationthenifeitfclfe, ' •> ? • • • 
 
 Tbeetetiettthfeaion.' 1 .' fl .b-.i 
 
 Not farre from thefe mountaines (the chreeforenamed) de'clfning tb'the Tea fhoare, there be 
 
 foure fountaines of a moft contrary nature betvweene thfcrtlfelues.The firft,by reslbn of his 
 
 con tinuall heat conuerteth into a ftone any body caft into it, the former fliape only ftill iei 
 
 i maining. The fecond is extremely cold. The third is fleeter then hony, and moft pleafant 
 
 toquenchthirft.Thefourthisaltogctherdeadly^cftileh^andfullofratikepoifon. i :aJ 
 
 Enm this Defcriptionof fountahtf s Doth fufftcientlp Declare hoto impure that fountame toas 1 , 
 out of to'otcb the geographer d jeto all tbefe miraculous fiories.ffo j he feemeth to affirme^bat 
 the th?ee-fo?efatD mountaines Boe almott touch one another : fo? he afrrtbetbfoHrefotmtafnesin« 
 cifferentlp bnto them all,©tbertoifc,if he bab not mabe them CanD neare together,be tooulD batte 
 placco nert bnto fome one of thefe.ttoo of the fo jefeioe fountaines. ^ut neither Doe theft moutu 
 tatucs touch(being biflantfomanp leagues a funDer)netther are there anp fttch foure fountaines 
 nearebnto rtjem,tobtcb,lje that toil not beleeue.let him go trp.T3ut to confute thefe tbmgs.tbe be» 
 rp contrarictp of totters is fumcient. jfo? another concerning ttoo fountaines gatnfaptb Frifias 
 
 in tljefe toO?DS,There do burft out of the fame hill Hecla two fountaines, the one whereof, by 
 reafon of the cold ftreames,the other with intolerable heat exceedeth al the force of elemets, 
 
 •Shefe be Frifius his ttoo firll fottntatnes,fauing that here is omttteDtbemtracle of harDenmg bo« 
 Dteei, being bp him attributeo to one of the faiD tountaines,'Sttt thep cannot at one time b jeake 
 fojtb,botb out of the mountatne it felfe, anD neare bnto the mountaine, 
 
 15ut here 31 tooulo toillinglpDemaunD,bp tohat reafon anp of the iperi'pateticfts can afficme, 
 that there is fome thing in nature coloer then the element of toater, 0? hotter then the elementof 
 fire, ff rom toljence (31 p?ap pott,f earneo to?iters) pjocecbeth this colDnette ": from tohf ttce com* 
 meth this heate'jilpauc toe not learneD out of pour fcbole that toater is an element mott colDe ano 
 fometohat moift : ano in fucb fo?t mofl coID,thac fo ? tlje making of fectmoatie qualities,!! mull of 
 necctTitte be remitteo,? being fimple.that it cannot be applpeo to the bfes of manktnn';3l to here 
 beUuer theft ©jades of the naturall l^hilofopbers , not knototng tohcther thep be true 0? falfe, 
 SjD.lohn Fernelius,lib.2,Phyf.cap.4.map BanD fo } one toitneffe amongfl all the rtO,? in Heap of 
 the all, So exceffiue(faitbfje)be thefe foure firft qualities in the foure ekments,that as nothing 
 
The trueftdte of Ijeland. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 565 
 
 is hotter the pure fire,& nothing lighter: fo nothing is drier then earth,& nothing heauienand 
 as for pure \vater,there is no qualitie of any medicine wbatfoeuer exceedcth the coldncs there- 
 of,nor the moiitureofaire.Moreouer.the faid qualities be fo extreme & furpafling in the, that 
 they cannot be any whit cncreafed.but remitted they may be. 3 BJtlnot rjcarc beapc tip tljerea" 
 fonaoj arguments of the natural Pbilofopbers, ^hefetoiiccrshabneeDbetoancof onethjnp;, 
 leS tolrile ttjep too much magnifie themtracles of the fountains.thep erempt them out of the num« 
 fcer of things crcateB,attocl as thep tun the tee of the Iflanders.2SJe toil p jofecute in o?oer the p?o= 
 
 . pertieS oftljefi fountainsfet Dotrmebp tlje fojefatt) tojtters. The fitftby reafon of his continuall 
 
 heat, ©here beberp manp1t5athso? botefcmntarns in 3flanD,fcutfetoet toehementlp hotc, tohich q> m y>m% 
 we thinke oughtneeto make anp man roomier, toben as 31 haue leameo out of authors, that <3er* ® a *6 m 
 ■ mameeucrpto^^reaurjunDethtoitljfuchhote^athSjjrpeciaHpneeretijefootoftljeaipcs* %%t s an ' 
 fcote TSatbs of Baden ,Gebarfuil,Calben in the Duchp of Wittenberg ano manp ctljer be ocrp fa= 
 
 motis: all tohich Fuchfius Doeth mention tnljig booke de Artemedenii. 9nD not Cltdp Germanic, 
 
 but alfo France^ bepono all the re8 Italy that mother of all comrnooitie s, faith Cardan^nii A- 
 . nfto tie re poue tlj,t bat about Epy rus tbefe bote toaters doc much abounOjioberrupon r he place i& 
 cafletiPyriplegethon.anrja fap 3 thefe things ftoutot[jerefo?ebe^Uu>a»mircD 5 becaufethe fear- 
 chero of nature haue as toci fount) out cautes of the hcate in tea ters , as of tlje fire in mountaines: 
 namtlp,that toatcr runneth toithin the earth though certaine beines of T5 jimQone 9 91lom, arte tkc ranks of 
 •from thence takethnot onelp heat,buttaile alfo.f otbet lirange qualities.Ariftotle in bis books de H° tt 25at " s « 
 i^Wofaath taught this. The carth(fattb he)conreineth within itfountains not onlyxifwatcr, 
 butalfooffpirite& fire :fomeofthem flowing like riuers.doc caftfoorth red note iron: from 
 whence alfo doeth flow,fomtimes lukc-warmc water, fomtimes skalding hote,and fomtimes 
 temperate,3no Sencca.fw/Ww/tff thought that Baths were made hotc by fire,which the earth Lib,3.nac. graft. 
 fecretlyconreincthin many places, efpccially if the laid fire bee vnder that ground where the 
 water pafleth,9no Pontanus tojitcthucrp Icarneelp concerning the Baian^aths, 
 
 No maruell though from banke of Baianflnoxe 
 
 hote Baths,or veines of skalding licour flow: 
 For Vulcans forge incenfed euermore 
 
 doeth teach vs plaine.thac heart of earth below 
 And bowels burne,and fire enraged glow* 
 
 From hence the flitting flood fends fmokieftrcames, 
 
 And Baths doe boile with fecret burning gleames, 
 
 31 thought geon in this place to touch that tohich S axo Gr ammaticu s tlje moll famous f)tt?o?t"o* 
 
 gtapher Of the Danes repojteth,That certaine fountains of Ifland do fomtimeencreafe&rlow 
 vp tothebrinketfometimesagainetheyfalllb lowe that you can skarfe difcerne them to be 
 
 fountains. f^hic^Wnbof&nntains,alheitthepheebei^fetoomefouniitoittjrjs',pet SJtoiilmafce 
 mention of fome like rjnto.them,p?ODuten bp nature mother countries,lefi anp man njoulo think 
 it fomtorjat ttrange.Plinic makcth a great recttall of tbefe. 'Eljere is one (faieth he) in the jSe of 
 Tenedos, tohich at the Solttitium of ibmmer Both altoaics fleto from the thim boure of the rtigh t, 
 ttllthenrt.3!nthefielDof PitinasbeponntrjeApenninemountaine, there is a riuer tohith in the 
 mtott of fomrner altoaies cncreafeth,ano in tointer is tm'eti ttp$e maketh mention alfc of a be rp 
 large fonntaine ,tohtch euerp houre noetlj encreafe ano fail, 3a either is it to be cmitteD,tbat feme 
 riuersrununoertljegrounD.antj after that fall agame into anopenchanel : as Lycusin Afia,Era- 
 
 finusin Argolica,Tigris in Mefopotamia.tmtOtohicl; Cardan aMethTanais in Mofcouia : antl 
 
 tbofc things tohicljtoetethjotoeniHtoAefculapiusfountameat Athens, lucre catt Spagaine in 
 Phaletico. 5no Seneca tojitcth that there are certaine nuers tohicfa being letDotone into feme 
 caueont cr grouno ,are toithnptoen out of itgbt,feeming fo? the time to be b tterlp ueriibeo ano ta* 
 ken atoap,anb that after Come niQance the nerp fame riuers returne, enioping their former name 
 ano their courfe, Snti againe Pliuic repo?cetb that there is a riuer receiueo tinner gronno in the 
 fielo of Atinas that ilfueth out ttoentte miles from that place . 911 tohich eramples ano the like, 
 Ihouto teach bs that the fountaines of Ifland aretiot to be mane greater toonuers then thereil. 
 
 Doth forthwith conuert into a ftone any body caft into ir.TSp tbefe ttoo properties, namel? 
 
 toarmth oj mott behemenc heat,$ auertue ofharuening booies 60th Frifiusnefcribe his firfi foun" 
 taine.9nJ)31hauchearDrepo?tea (though 31 neuerhaoetperience thereof mp felfe) that there is 
 fttclj afountain in Ifland not far fro the bilrjops feat of Schalholt,tn a billage calico Hauxadai Se- 
 neca repo^tetl) of the iike,fapmg:That there is a certain fountain which conuerteth wood into 
 ftone,hardening the bowels of thofc men which drinkc thereof, 9no aoocth further ,that fuch 
 
 T&hb fountains 
 
?66 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, The truejlate ofljknd. 
 
 jRuwrs of 
 
 fountains are to uce fount) in ccttatnc places of Italy :tot»tc^ tiling Ouid in tlje is.bookeof \j» 
 Metamor.afctibcth unto tlje riuerof the Ciconcs. 
 
 Water drunke out oiCtcomnn flood ; 
 
 flefhy bowels to flintieflonc doeth change s 
 
 Ought elfe therewith befprinckt,as earth or wood 
 
 becommeth marble ftrcight:a thing moftftrange, 
 
 9n0 Cardane. Georgius AgricoU affirroeth.that in the tertitoric of£#egw»,about the town 
 
 which is named of Falcons, that the whole bodies of Pine trees arc conuerted into flone, and 
 
 which is more wonderfull,that they containc, within certaine rifts.tbe flone called Pyrites, or 
 
 the Flint. And T)omittus Brttfinius tt^oxttHa, thatinthe riuerofS//*r (running by the foote of 
 
 that mountain which ftandeth in the field of the citie in old time called Frfetice,but now Con- 
 
 turfia) leaues and boughs of trees change into ftones,& that,not vpon other mens credite, but 
 
 vpon hisqwnexperience,being borne & brought vpiwth at country : which thing "p/wir alfo 
 
 -auoucheth/ayiug.that the faidftones doe fhew the number of their yeeres, by thenumberof 
 
 their Barks,or ftony husks. <§>o (if toe map giue ereotte to authors) 8?ops of tlje ©othes fountain 
 
 being oifpcrfeo ab?oarj,become flones.ano in Hungary,the toater of Cepufius being poureo into 
 
 pitchcrs.is eonuertco to II one.Sno Plinie re pojtctlj, that toooo being call into the titter of the Ci- 
 
 cones,ano into the Velinelake inthefieln of Pice, is enclcfeo in abarkc of Cone groining otter it. 
 
 The fecond is extremely cold. asfajthefeconDfottntaine, here is none to an? mens 1 knoto« 
 
 leoge fo ertremelp coin : %n oeeo there be toerp manp that bee inoifftrentlp coole, inlbmuch that 
 
 mSSn""' (our common nuers in the ^ommcrttme being Iuke-toarme) tocetaketeligbtto fetch boater 
 
 iiihr-toarmc. from thofe coole fp jings. 3It map be that there arc fome far re colocr in other countries : fo? Car- 
 
 .. danemaUctljmentionofarma-(ftreammgfromtljetopofanhillintheficlDofCorinth) coftnec 
 
 then fnoln:anDinithina mile of Cuima, thcriuercaliEDlnfanaftemingtobebcrp hote ismott 
 
 ertremclpcoftijtc. 
 
 The third is tweeter then honie. 3!3etthct ts this altogether true. jfo? tbcre is not anp fotm* 
 tatne toitb bs,tohich map in the leadrtfpect be cempareo toitb the fiueetnetfe of bonte,9ni> thee 
 foje Saxo tojote moje trulp,faping,that certaine fountains (foj there be berp manp)peelt>ing talle 
 as goou as beere : ans alfo in tlje fame place thzt e are fountains ? riuers not onelp of outers tall*, 
 but of outers colours. 
 
 auo albeit natural! pjilofophcrs teach, that toater nat ttrallp of it felfe hath neither taffe no? 
 fmei,pet it is nkelp (as toe haue tottcheti before, tobicb other ttilpe *■ accident) that oftentimes it 
 rrpiefentetljthe qualities of that earth tofcercin it is engenDi.cD.antf tbjougb the beinrstoljercofit 
 Ijatlj paflap ano iflue : ano from hence pioceee tlje oiuers g? funoip fmeIs,co!ours ano fauottrs of 
 all inaters,2Dffucljtoatersooeth Seneca make mention,tohereoffomtpi.cuoRe hunger, others 
 make men omnken.fomehurt tlje memojp,f fome belpe it, ff fome refemble the bcrp quafttie anU 
 tafleofbJine,astljatfour.tRinebJhtcl)Pliniefpeabethofintiie3ileofAndros, toithut the temple I 
 of Bachus,totucbin the 39ones of 31anuarp bfeo to floto ouer toitb toine.Sno Ariftotle repojtetfc 
 that in tlje fielo of Carthage there is a fountain toijtch peeloetb oilc,$ certaine Dicps fmelling like 
 (£eoar.3lfoOrciisariucrof ThefiTalienonjingintoPeneus, ftoimmcth aloft like oile. Cardane 
 repo?teth,that there ts in Saxonie,nectebnto the toton of Brunfwic.a fottntaine mireo totth oilr : 
 anoanotljertnSutuianeerebntotheQbbcpcaUebTergenfch.aifointljebaflepofthemountaitt 
 Iuraffus . ©e ftippofetbtlje cattfeof this ttjtng to bee berp fattie pitcb.tohicb cannot but contetne 
 otleinit.^hefaineatttljo? Caietrj : 3t tgrepo?ten that in Gardia neere to ttje place of Dafchylus, I 
 in tljctobite fielo, there is toater ftoeetet then milke, another alfo neere bnto the bHOgetobic& j 
 toepafreouergotngtothetotoiteofValdeburg. Propertiusliketoifeintljetljirb bookeofhisE- 
 legies mentionetlj certaine toaters repjefenttng tljefauour of toine in tljettttojos, 
 
 Amidft the Ifle oiNaxus loe, with fragrantfmels and fine 
 
 A frefhet runs ; ye Naxians goe fill cups, caroufe, there's wine. 
 "ShiS Naxus is one Of the 31lan0S calico Cyclades Ipingin the iEgjean fea* Cardane giueth a 
 reafon hereof.,nameIp,becaitfc ^pojcmel 0? toater-Ijonp,in long continuance toill become toine. 
 Ariftotlenamcthafountametn Sicilia, u>hich the inhabitants hfe in fleao of btneger. %\)t{mt 
 autho } maketh tlje caufc of feuotirs in toater to be beat r, becaufe the earth being bote changetb; 
 ano giueth fauottr bnto tlje toater. 
 
 jftoto concerning the colours of toater fo fatctb Cardane. There is the fame reafbn (faith be) 
 of the colours ofwater,that there is ofthefauours thereof for both haue their original! fro the 
 earth.For there is white warer within two miles of G/auc a a town in Mifena: red water in Ra- 
 dera a riuer of Mifena. not farre from Radebttrg:& in old time neere vnto loppa in /udea.-gtecne 
 water in the mountaine oiCarpathus by Nettfoltt: skie-coloured or blue watcrbetweene the 
 
 mountains 
 
 7nlib.de mirab. 
 
 aufiult. 
 
 
'The truejiateof //eland. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. f6 y 
 
 mountains o( Feltriin & Taruifns : & it is reported that there was wafer of that colour in Ther- 
 vior>)lh ! cole-blacke water in Alerx a riner ot Saxonie,zt that place where it difchargcth it ielf 
 into the ffefer.Thc caufes of tbele colours are the colours of the foile.SUfo Anftotle fatetl;,tl)f.t 
 
 about d)2p?otitoncoiic of Iapigia, tfjc te is a fountain? tovjic!) ftrcameth Wood i aaumtj moirouer, 
 t&at Scanners fire Djiaenfatrefrom tljatplaceoftye fea.bp rcafonof tlje cjctrcmc Gcurh thereof. 
 tfuKhccmojie.tbep fap cbat in Idumara ttjere is a fount amctoh'cb changed colo? fcure times tna 
 peemftn fomtimw it iss grenie.fcmriir.e luOttcfi. mtimc blccD!e,$ fcmtimes mtioDp ro'ourcB. 
 
 £oncecntng CljE flttelS af UJf.tcr9,tljUSUJlttetli Cardanc.There is the like reafon of difference 
 infmtls. But for the mo!t part the lteam:sof waters bee vnpleafant, becaufetheeatthdoeth 
 feldome t imesfmel well. The water of the riuer Anigris in Aclit ftanke,to the deftru<5tion, not 
 onely of fifties, butalfoofmcn.Aboutyl/crewin Meffanta, out ofacertaine pond there hath 
 bene dravven moll fweet fmelling,and odoriferous water.JDoerCCitealltbcfecrainpIes to the 
 
 eno that no man t7)0i;l5 make a greater teonoer at the colours, fmels, anDfeticurs of lusters that 
 be in Ifland,then at tbofe ictjirb are fn otiic r coimtiets. 
 
 The fourth is altogether deadly. Ifidorefifftrmtlb, tfjat tljCrciS a Certm'llf foitlttattlC tehefe 
 luatft being DjtinkejCitingtiifljerb itfe.3ltU Piiuie faicth, I hat about Nonaris in Arcadtajhe ri- 
 tiet o?Stjx (neerethe mouma'me oi C/ltexefiiietk) Cardaxe : it would be contained in nothing 
 but an horfe-hoofc : and it is reported that Alexander the great w as poifoned iherew ithal)not 
 differing from other water.neicher in imcll nor coloui .being drunke,is prefenr death. In Hero- £!)t famr an- 
 fiu an hill of the people called Ti?«r/,there arc three fountains,euery one of them deadly with- l "° I ac "* 
 out remedy, & yet without griefe. !3nt> (UiljicI) is the IrraugCtt thing of all the rett) Seneca ma* 
 kerb mntttonof a poo!c,tnto tobtcb£ubofoeuerIofcfce,Do picfcnclp Dte;But,as fo? this fourth foun* 
 tainzof FrifiiiSjio'oicU SaxoDortb Iifeett,ife mcntion.toellknders, as atoapes heretofore, fo etten 
 at this uap bo te&i6e,tkac it is Utttrtp onknoluen unto us : ano therefore tn this regaro,lue rentier %{lmt ftn 
 unto ©on inuno?taH thanks, becaufe be bath Uoudtjfafeo to pit feme our ftatimi from fuel) foun* train fnases 
 iains,ftcm fecpents ana uencmous Uw?mes,t from al other pethferous tf contagious creatures. JUJjJJKjmJj, 
 
 Furthermore about the forefaidmountains there is fuch abundance of brimltone.^Lbe tbjee 
 mountains calleo bp Munfter ano Frifius, jfierie mountams,Do all of them flano an huge Diftance 
 ftcmour 9f9i«es. {ffitberefojejtoben as neere unto tbefe &ite tljep baue foitna out a place fo? fonre 
 fduntains.lutjtcrj tljep Doe fo migljtilp.ertoll fo? tDonoers, tbcp nutftneecsljaue feme T15?imfi one 
 Spines alfo.flanfiing a like Difrancc from the faio founcaines. 3nu auureDlp,ncttl;er about mount 
 Hecla,as Munfter toottlo baue it.ito? bp Frifius [jis fountahies (the report toherccf bom true it is, 
 fcatbbens hitherto ueclaretj) is 'Bjunttone ciggeu up at this Dap : no? 3! thinfse euec toas totrvjiu 
 the remcmbiancc of our fathers. Neither is it truetbat Munfter repojtetlj concerning tbe abun* 
 Dance of 15?im(tone: nsmclp, tbatitisalmofltbe onelp mercbauoije ann tribute of the 311ano. 
 jFo? UJljereastljeSIIanD is ceuioeDrntofoare partes, the fourth part onelp totoaros the jfrojth tenmittmt 
 (nap ,but etten tljeljalfe thereof) Doetljbfe it fojmercbanDt^e, ano tbere is not one crumme of iftijcj^mtn* 
 3t>jtmSonepaieDfo? tribute of tbeaianv panoraoana, 
 
 The twelfth SeBion. 
 There are fo great (lore offlfhes in this lland,that they are laid foorthon pilcstobe fold in MBnftn - 
 the open tiire,as high as thctopsofhoules, 
 
 1 N the open a ; re.3!nDce5 toe Ijauefe en otbcrcountrpmercljantsDoefo, Until tfjephaDbnlaoeH 
 £beiru)ipsofoutlansti1)toares,gtfiUeD the agatneUJttbfifl)esfjtoith other of our cotintrepmer* 
 cbanoi^.ButUjljctherourmenl^ueDonetbeli^eatanptinic.ittsnotmanifell. Certainlp, that M6nn&«n«of 
 plendftiUanD ancient abunoance ot'fifi) is noUJ Dccaicp,anD tlje Wanders noUJ beginto bepincbeo jlmt, cmti* 
 toitb tbe toant of tbefe ana other goon thingwrje JLojDlnpiug tlje iutt fcourgeof our impictie up^ »»*«»• 
 onus,u)ljtclj 3 pjap (Sou toe map Duelp acknatolcDge. 
 
 The thirteent h Seel ion. ' 
 
 They haue moft fwift horfes,which wil run without ceafing a continualcourfc for the fpace FtiGll »' 
 of 30, leagues, 
 
 ACertaine€of!«ograpbertnbtsSpf'PDfIflandrfpo?tttl) concerning thebojffScf one pa« 
 rtiljjtljat trjep luill run 2o.Ieagucs atonceinacontinucD race.TButtoc account both ro bfe 
 tinpoifibk. 5F0J Munlter lujitetlj that tbofe benfls tobtch ercell all other infiuiftneffe i Brength 
 of boDp,caIIeD|Rangiferi,cannot run aboue 3 o.kagues in 24.ljottres. 8 uainc d«tc 
 
 The foureteemh SeBion. 
 There be feen fometimes neere vnto ljlmdhuge Whales like vnto mountains, which ouer- Munflcj. 
 turne (hips,vnlefle they be terrified away with the found of trumpets, or beguiled with round 
 
 15 ub 3 and 
 

 5^8 The Englifh Voyages, The trueftate of Ifland. 
 
 
 and emptie veffels, which they delight to toffevp and downc . It fometimes falleth out that 
 Mariners thinking thefe Whales to be Ilands.andcafting out ankers vpon their backs, areof- 
 ten in danger of drowning. They are calledin their tongue ©rofltoal ^Uffeltoalen, that is to 
 fay,the deuilifh Whale. 
 
 Like vnto mountains. Loe here once againe (gentle Heaner) Munflers falfifptngeccho, tm 
 (astheprouerbe faieth) his buna B?eame. sgmcbafalfeanB fencelefleouer-rcaching boeth 
 erceeBinglp Bifgrace an hilIo?ie 3 anB tbat up fo much tbe mo?e,bp hoto much tlje leffe nccelfarp it 
 is.tfo? to tohat purpofe fljoul&an l|?itto?iographer make leaQitge.if hiffo?p be a repoje of plains 
 trueth *: <KHbp fljoulo be bfe fuel) ttrange furmountings': QHhat is it that h~c tooulo perfroaBe, o % 
 tobitljer tooulo IjerauilbtbeEeaBer, if he pjopounBcth onto bimfelfe nothing but the iimple Be* 
 cJacationoftI;ing0': 
 
 Poets and Painters had leaue of old, 
 
 To feigne,to blazc,in all things to be bold. 
 
 But not Hiftoriographers. 
 
 The backs of Whales which they thinke to bellands.'Sthtsfable.Iikeall the reu\to8S bjtBOf 
 
 an oIo,riBiculous ano baine tale,the creBite anB trttetlj tobereof is not tooo?tb a firatoe. 3no it is 
 
 certain utters tbis that folotoeth, namelp, tbatthebiftjop ofBKmc(ca!leBbp the ancient 33o?toafesBrandan, 
 
 biftapof" 1 " 5 *" m b ? Kr anzius,if3! be notDecetueD,Alebrandus) in olo timefent certaine legates toitb a Co* 
 
 Brcme.w uenof jf riersto pjeac!) ano publtib in tlje^o^tfatljepcpitbfaitbjtohtcb teas then thought to bee 
 
 n&fifatotun ^ h ?' fl ' an: anD tohen lh£ P hatl f P £nt a lo "S ioutnep in failing to toarttgs the 3i3o?!b, tbcp came bnto 
 
 w jfioitj). an 31Iana,anB there calling their anker tbep toent a Qjo?e , ano kin&lcB tiers, (fo? it tjs bcrp like* 
 
 Ip that tbe Mariners toere not a litle tocpen toith the nipping colB tohicb thep felt at fea)anB fo p?o« 
 
 uiueD victuals fo? the refi ofctjetc iournp.TSut toben tljeir fiwjs grcto berp ljote,tbis Slano fanke, 
 
 anBfciBBenlpbamujcBatoap, anBtheCpariwrsefcapeBB?otoningberpnarotoIptoitb tlje boate 
 
 tljattoaspjcfent.Chtgistbefounbattonofthematterjbuthotoincretiiblettis, ipppeale to the 
 
 HeaBer.TSut tohat aileB thefe Mariners, o? toljat meant tljep to coe, toljo in a tempettuous fea, 
 
 feeing a rocke before their epes.o? (as Munfter faieth) a little 35lano,tooulB not rather toitlj all iv 
 
 ligence baue auotoeo it fo? feare of running a G;o?e anB fljtptojacke, tben to refl in fuch a oangc* 
 
 rousbarfaourt13utintoIjatgrouiiBujoulBtheankerbefaaeneB': fo?$g)arlners fo?tbe tnoft part 
 
 are Bettitute of fuch longcables,tobercbp tbep map let Botone ananker to thebottom oftlje rnafoe 
 
 fea,tberefo?e bpon tbebacks of CSIljales, faith Munfter.TSut then thcpljaB neeB firflto bo?ea hole 
 
 fo? the flouketo take holB in,© fillp Mariner?, that in Bigging cannot Bifcerne JKBhales fleft) fro 
 
 lumps of earth,no? knoto tlje flipperp fkin of a JIujale from the bpper part of the grounB : tottb/- 
 
 out Boubt tljep are toooitbp to baue Munfter foi a pilot. Qerilp tn tbis place (as liketoife before 
 
 treating of the lanb-miracles of Ifland) begatheretb fruits as tijep fap.out of tantalus Ijis gat' 
 
 Ben,ano folotoetb barB after tbofe thtngs tobiclj toill ncuer ana no toljere be founB,tobile be tnoe« 
 
 uouretb to p?oule bete anB tbete fo? miracIes.peruGng fea anB lane to fluffe bp his biflo?p ? tohere 
 
 net DJitljaanaing be cannot hunt out ought but feigneo tljings. 
 
 But they are called in their language Crollfflal, (So not farther then pourfkif,Munfter,foi 31 
 
 takeitpoucamtotfkillofourtongue:anBtberefo?eitmapbea{hamefo?alearneD man to teach 
 others tljat tohiclj Ije knotoetb not Ijimfelfe : fo? fucb an attempt is fubiect to manifolB errours,as 
 toetoill ftjeto bp tljtspour erample,jro?toljilepou take in banB to fchooleotljers, f to teacbthem 
 bp tobat name a aoijale-fiuj is to be calleo in our tongue, leauing out th?ougb igno?ance tbe let* 
 ter H. toljtcb almofl alone maketlj bp the Cgnification of tbe too?Be, pou Beliuer tbat tohicfa is not 
 true: fo? v aim our language CgniSeth not a a2Hjale,but cljuGng o? cljoife of tbe berbe Eg velvet 
 is to fap,3l cbufe,o? 31 make choife,from tohence Wis BeriucB, ?c. 'Buta CQbaleiS calleo Hm- 
 Ixr toith bs,$ tberefo?e pou ougbt to baue to?itten Tro\JhHalur.fitit\)zt Boetlj 2Vo//Cpi6e tbe Be* 
 uilI,aspoutnterp?ete it 5 butcettaine©iantstbatliueinmountaines. goufeetherefo?e(anB no 
 manic Ijoto pou erre tn tbe toljole too?D.3lt is no great iniutie (o our language being in one too jb 
 oneIp:beraufe(ODHbtleu~e)pouknetonotmo?etbeno.ne. 
 
 ©tbers alfo oo offeno in tlje fame fault ,fo? it is not to be allotoeB that a certaine man being a* 
 bout to publiflj a Spap of Ifland receiuco from Iflandcrs tljemfeIucs 3 haB ratljer marre tbefafljion 
 of all.o? in berp oeea oftfje mott names of Capes,^aies,mountatnes, fp?tngs, rtuers, Ijomocks, 
 balleiSjljtls $ totones (becaufe tljat being tgno?ant of our language,be toas not able to reaB tljofe 
 things arigljt.tobiclj fje recciueo from our countrepmen) Ije IjaB rather (31 fap,) Bep?aue (t co?rupt 
 them all.tljen learne of the Wanders tbemfetaeSjtoljich at thattimejttamelp in the peere 1 58 j,li> 
 ueo in the bniuetfitie of Hafnia ,o? Copen Hagen, boto etterp thing ought to be teao anB to?itten, 
 anB toe eOetme himfo? this his toilfull marring of our natiue names anB too?BS, (tohertupon it 
 
 came 
 
 * 
 
 J 
 
1 - : * " ' " " ' "" ' * ■ i ii — ■ - pi i » i n i . ■■ i i _, i i i iim— —— — m i ■ — — i i. ■ ■!■ . i 
 
 The true ftate of I/land. Trafiiques,(3c Difeotienes, 569 
 
 caiv.G to pa-Tc t^.it lu c rcnotno; tlje fame , couloacknototeagcticrpfctotabcoiirotonc) tijatbeis 
 no ilftjljt offcnaer againft cur tongue,otbertoife retaining the yttre ans the ancient proper; tc. 
 
 %'m noto me bfltie after fome fojteraminea mcUof ttje mp?aclesof ]fland,tobicbourto?itrrjS 
 Ijatte mentionco.jaoctoitbSanoing befoje toe enter into anp f urtber matter, toe tbinke it goon in 
 this fection to tottclj that toljicb ttje lall fojenamta ma (in tin's S^ap onfland,tljathe caufeo to be 
 put fsjtbtnp fojefaio peerc unacr Ijts oton name)batb gitien out concerning turn otljer fountains 
 i^fi Dcjs tlje former : taJljerecf tljc one tljculD ote totj-.te lr ooll fahcb, ? ttje ottjer blacfee toooll ttlntc 
 W.W*) tljing toijere be receiueo ic.o? tobeuce be bauit.toe can bp no means imagine : fo? it is not nauo betfte 
 to be fauna in our oton toUters,noj in f tojtters of other countnes.llSut tol)ence focucr it be,it is SflanMij wi* 
 jbut a tale,? batlj not one iote cf tructb m it, Sinn altijettgrj it be increeible Th at black wooll may " K 
 ,be died of a white colour, feeing it is afftrmca bpPlinie, that blacfte toooU (of all otber)toill re* 
 ceiue no colcur : nottoitbtfanDing tvjere is fome fuel) thing rcpo?teo bp Theophraftus : namelp, 
 ttjat cbere is a riticr in SpaceDonia tobitlj maketb blacke fijeepe toljite. Slfo, rfjat Norway nam* 
 pblct calico tbeRoialllooking-gla(Tc,tobicb 31 menttoneo before, aotb attribute tbefe fountains S{ tc«\wi,qric. 
 to Ireland, toijiclj is alfo calleo Hyberma, ano net to Ifland. JObicb peraouenture ceceiueo tlje 
 Keaoer/caDiug in a ftrangc language S in tfeaa of R. 
 
 ®bat lilutoife oefcructb no better creoite tobicb anotber 3utbo? to jitctl) : That there is a cer«. 
 taine great ftone in Ifland which runneth vp and downe the crags and clifs of mountaines by 
 no outward force, but by the ownc proper and naturall motion. lj)ce tljat toill beleetlC tljis, 
 
 tobac toill be not belecuc ': Jr o? it is fucb a rare ocuife tljat tlje Epicures tbemfcIues(tobopet fee* 
 "irieo to Lucian to Ijatte faineB manp incrcoible tljings) 31 am fure nettec muenf ea tlje like: tonlefle 
 perhaps tbefapo 3 tttbo? occib imagine, that a man (tobo is calleo of tbe Iflanders bp tbe proper, 
 name of Stein) ujoulo compaffe about,ana clime bp certaine rockes : toljicb although it be rioicu* 
 ioustoputrataaflojpoftoonbers.namclpjtbatamanujoulD mooueo?toaIke, petisitfoto bee 
 fuppofeotofauetbectcBtteoftbcautbo?, tljattocmapnotmo?efeucreIpconaemne that fable, 
 ;tol)!cfj is fo fencelclfe of it felfc ano not tono?tbp to be re an* 
 
 'SCljcp arc guiltie of tlje fame crime alfo tobo baue fauna out rattens, pies,barrs anabulwres, 
 alltobitein lfknd:fo?it istoelknotoentbattoiitures comettcrpf£loome,togetbertoitbtbe3ire 
 of tlje fea,bnto bs,as beares alfo(btrt tbep feloomcr tljen Bultures)ana a certaine kitta of crotoes 
 Calico bp tbe iflanders 7/S%^r.lButasfo?tobicepies,rjares,anDraHcn3 5 lflandncutrbao anp* 
 
 $na tljcfe ina maner be tbe tbings tobicb.in regara of our aailp buftnes,toe toere able at rfjia 
 p?efent to affoo ?a,as touting tlje fojmec part of our trratife,toljiclj toere penneo bp me fo? this 
 putpofe (as m tbe beginning 31 nio pjotefl) tljat tbe errors of 9utbo?s concerning an Jjnknotoen 
 lan&,ano tbe affectea banitie alfo of fome men might be aifclofc a, fo? 31 am not oeftrous to tritnu 
 niftj anp mans goooname : but becaufc 31 confecrateo tljcfe mp labours to trtietb anatomp coun» 
 trcp, 31 couId not cijufe but fljeto, that tljofe tljings toijiclj bttherto Ijaue bene repo?tea bp manp 
 concerning our Jilano ocferue berp iitle crcoite: ano fo to a5B?etfe uip felfe Unto tljematters fo* 
 lotting concerniugtbe 3inbabitants. 
 
 Hereendeth the firft part of the Commentaries 
 
 flK Oflfland the fecond part,concerning ' 
 the Inhabitants. 
 
 3uingbitljcrtofiniujeD tbemiracles of Ifland toit^ certaineotber particulars belon* 
 ^tnajtotbcfoffpart.tbetoijicbtobtlcton'tersDoetoonoetaMnoiJiuerflpertotlas it 
 mere tbe fountains of Agamcmnon,pca,as tljings facRues ano againflallnature,tljepi 
 Ijaue b: ne berp careleue botb of tructij it ftlfe,? of tbeir otonecrcoitr. ji5ato tbe courfe 
 of tbe pjtefent fpeaclj ocetlj aomonifl) mee to mc;kc IjaSe Dnio tbe otljer part of tlje treatife concet* 
 ningtlje 31n!)ab:tants: toljcrcintobat 31 fl;onla fitfl fap.o? toijere 31 ftoulo begin, 31 am altogether 
 tgno?ant. jTo? tljcre befucb monflrous.ano fo manp mockc,rep?otbes>fkoffes, ana tamtts of cer* 
 taine men againttbs poojelflandersctoclungintbctttmoflparts oftljetoojla(anoamongfttbefe 
 alfo,fometbingsoftbttrstobotakeupontljemtop?ofe(remDliOmpletruetb, namelp ^iffon'o* 
 grapljers) infomticlj,tbat to reckon bp tbe particulars toere notljing els but to tell tbe a?ops of 
 tlje jcarianfca.X^ut as 31 fata in tlje beg;inning,toe toill not acale alike feucrciptoitljall, ^o? al* 
 tbougb Krantius,Munfterus,Frifius j otljers baue tontten manp things too bololp of ournation: 
 pet Ijauiug otljcrtoife acfcruea toel of learning bp their monuments, tbep fijalbe trill in p fame re« 
 putation m as tljat tljep arc toojtljp ofjpotobcit tn tljemeane timc,altljough aman tooula free tlje 
 from the mark; of fianoercrs,pet is it xu fmall matter tljat tbep fljoula b joch certaine fencclcffe, 
 
 13 bb 3 impolftble, 
 
 TDalturcp, 
 
 beans i'iiO 
 
 tiDtatezante 
 
 VipoiulifDjift 
 
 3cemro 
 
 JOtaOu 
 
 M 
 

 K! 
 
 570 TheBngiifaVoyageSyTbetrueJtateoflJIancf. 
 
 tmpolTiblc 5 noiculous tljtngs.fucb as tbofe are toljicb toe bane Ijitbcrto Iain aotone : as alfo tbat 
 tljcp QjouId tecoja inbtflojies-pjopbane ana tjojrtblc amruetljs, fbme of toljicb kina fhalnoto tm= 
 meoiatelp be otfcuffeB . 9s fojotbers,tobatfocuer tbep be,tobo apbjaia tbe nation of SflanBers 
 toitb Bailp rep?ccljes,tbcp are to baue tbat anltoere in a reaatneife toljicb fucb men aefirue.Sn tlje 
 number of tobom.tbat feoffee is to be accotmteti,tobo bp a companp of rime? pubiilhea in tbe <Ser> 
 mane tongucto tbe oifgraceof our countrep,batb b?ougbt b'S name into euerMing ignominie. 
 £Oberefo?c as our pjefent bufmeffe requiretb,tobtle toe are in bana toitb tlje tojtttngs of 9tt« 
 tbo?s concerning tljis matter,aItbougb toe meet tottb feme tbtngs containing litle repjocb,noc« 
 tottbftanomg toe toill eramine moffof tljem,n«ing tlje errors as lutijcrto toee baueaone : in tbe 
 meane time alfo toben tbep fljailalleage anp truetlj,toe toill in no cafe Btlfemble it, 9na after tbte 
 manecjfirtttoctoillljeareMunflerjKrantziusanijFrifiuSjaniiotbersalfOjiftberebeanpmD^e, 
 tobat tbep baue to fap.reiccting tbat ]parot ana bis Dutclj rimes infectea toitb fell fianaer, as be 
 is tooo?tijp,anto tbe laft place, jfirtt tbcrefo je tbe fapo 9tttbo?s tojite concerning tbe faitb ojre« 
 Itgionoftbe31flanoers: anB&conaIp,oftbetr^ancrSvCuttomes,anDcourfeontfe in maner 
 folotojng« , 
 
 ThefirttSeUion. 
 
 Adalbert Metropolitane of Hamburg in the yeereofChrift 1070. faw the Mlanders couuer. 
 ft"h^c"ax tedvntoCbrittianitie: albeir,before the recduingofChriftian faith, they liued according 
 Noiwcgie. to the lawc of nature,and did not much differ from our lawe : therefore at theii' humble re- 
 
 queue appointed a certaine holy man named Ifltef to be their firftBifhop. 
 
 ' Rantzius in tljefc toojBS,ana Munfter ctljcr toljerc,aoe fecme to Attribute Unto the Iflanders 
 .tbe p?erogatiae of Cbnfit'an faitij : ana tljtp fi;oulo oeaie botb bcfeemtngtbcmfelues ana tbe 
 truetlj,if tbep eta not in ottjer places ocpnuc as of tbe fame. 4Fo % (to fpeake of Krantzius anone) 
 tbat tobictj Munfter befo?e rcpo?tcB concerning cur faitb 0?, opimon about tlje place ana fituation 
 ofbefljtsijewfarcefrmtiCvjnflianpietietnBmelp^tolieBcfircustopHeintotbofefecrcts ttfcich, 
 <Sob batlihept clofe touto bimfelfe alone,ana toljicb tys pleafure is,{boulo erceec our capacitie:fojj 
 tbcre is notanp tljtng founa in tlje Ijolp Scriptures of tljis matter, tobf re tbe place ana Stuatiott 
 of bell, ojofeternall fire pjcpareofo?t!;eaeuill ana bis ancels, atDfofojtallaaimua fctrtes.fe 
 bounBco oj compalTcB about . 'She bolpTcible (31 fap) amgtietljno locali 0? fcoailp fituation be* 
 neatlj tbe eartfj,o? apon tbccart!j,o j in anp otljcr placcnf tljis too ; la,to tljat pjtftn of ttje aamnetc 
 but it affirmctb tbat this eartbfhall periuj.ana tbat a neto earth,.' no neto beaurns fljall be crcateB 
 fo?tbcbabitationof!uaanBboipmcn,Reucl.3,2.Pet.5.anDEi5y6y,tobercfo?fa£bHlfiannian 
 totliinglp giuetlj ouerto fearcljinto fuebbiasen fecrets: ar.Bbe accounted; it aulf.toful to rcreiue 
 ojBeltueraiuootljers 3 optnions(grounaeBaponuoplaiiteanc manifeSplaws of Scripture) fcj 
 
 certainties anBtntetbS. Deut„4.and 1 2. Efay 8. Match.27. 2,Tim,j, 
 
 jFurtljcr alfo tljat commenoationtoljerctoi'.lj Munfter ana Krantzius aoe'gracecbe Slflanaers, 
 is meerlp contrarp to Cb^ttian reUgion:namclp : tbat tbep make ul one reckoning of tljeir tobelpg 
 ana of tljett cbilaien.'S ut moje of tljis matter anonc in tbe 7,fection,S>o tljcrefojc Muntler tnfa-= 
 greetb toitbbimfelfe,tobcreas tbofe tofjom be affirntetij to be Cbnffians,aftcctoarD bt mskctb to 
 le maflcr-builoers of bell.^lfo Krantzius &no Munfter botb togctber, toljen as tfjcfc teljom tbep 
 affinne to be engraffea bp faitij into €\)}i'2,t bep t rempt from all fenfe of pietie ana |)onefip,in that 
 tbep toute tbattbeir fonnes are net aearer antotbem cben their tobelpcs. 
 
 ^5ut to returne to tlje matter : 3fn v>erp aeea toe baue no great tljing to fap concerning oar re* 
 ltgton,tobat,o? oftoljat fo?t it toastobeti<Sentilifme toas firEput to fiigbt. 39o mo?e (3 tljiane) 
 Ijaue otber .pajithcrn nations neere anto as to fap toncernmgp beginning of trjetc fattb,5foj(alas) 
 toe muQ nceas confeffe 9 bctoaile toitb acepe figbes,tbat antill tljat aap tobtcb fbinea antoas lilfee 
 tlje beginning of itrmio?tal;tie,£ b?oug!;t anto as tlje pure aoctrine of tlje gofpel 3 our ecuntrpmen, 
 aslthetotfe otber cljurcbes of tbe 3fto?tb, toere ouer-fpjea toitlj ntojetbcnCimmerwnaarRe« 
 nelfc. "But toe map iuSlp ana religioutip tbinke tljtts mucb, tbat among as ana our neighbors of 
 Norway (fo?3i toil not range out ofmpbouuBSjnojaffirmc anp tljing of anknotoenpcople)after 
 IjeatbemQ) ioolatrp toas rocteB outjCb^tfltan faitb f religion Bio flojiu) far mo?e fmcere ana Bm 4 
 ple,as being letTe infectca toitb tlje poifonof poperij at that timc,tben aftertoarB,tobtn as tlje pe* 
 fliferous leaucn of tbe fee of Ecmc being augmenteo, j tlje contagious mifchiefe grotoing ripe, 
 tljepoifon tljereof toas aifperfea tbiouglj p tobale toojlo : fo?,as it Cbal aftertoaro appeare,lfland 
 emb?aceo Cbnftmanppceresbcfo^etbenttoiBolatrpoftljepapiastegantopjeuaile, ana did 
 foutiB foojtb notljingbutfaitb in <$oo tbe jFatljectbe sS)otme etlje bolp (B^aitMe arito tbofettoo 
 molt renoumea Rings of Norway, toljo as tbep baa one common name, fo baa tbep one commen 
 
 case 
 
 ' 
 
 
■ortie fieri ciiau 
 
 liwiihingof 
 
 JJiottoap. 
 
 Nblustfltfirfl 
 knoVJiie via 
 fc(Tonrof€t)ji' 
 Itcan f.nt!) in 
 
 li'.iiul. 
 
 T"he true fiat e of ij eland. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 571 
 
 care anD profeifion to aDuance t^e^ofpel of Cljjiil. 31 mcane Olaus t!je fonuc of rhryggo, tobo 
 ttag borne in tbe peere of€fa?iff po^attainingto tlje Imtgoom of Norway in tlje 27. feat of Ijis 
 age,anD toas ttje firlt,as toe banc &earD,tljat offrco Cb?iQ *>nto tlje Norwegians, otter toljem Ijce 
 reigneDfittepeercscanoatiotrjerofctjat name calico Olaus San<austbcfonnc of Harald, tobo in 
 tbepecre of £l)?tS 101 j.oj tljereaboutjOjoucrneo toitljmo^cfintei'iciCjf fo?t!jc fuacc of 1 y.pcetcsi 
 Bio boMp Deliuer tlje Doctrine cf<JL^iff.3In tlje pete of Chrift 1 o 5 o, being tmiuftlp flainc bp tote* 
 fteD murtberers,lje fljeo^is blooD fo? $ name of Chrifl in atotonof Norway tdWznSucfltiStodum. 
 
 2Dur countrepalfo baD,amongmanp otljcr , one man of ercellempietie toijofc name tons Nia- 
 lus,toljo about tlje pecre of Chrifl 1 ooo.liuco in tlje Dillage oi'Bertborsbwl fituate in tlje parity of 
 Iiland calico Landchum : tobo alfo for bis experience in ijttmane affaires, for Ijis great toifeoome 
 ano fage cottnfell toas accompteo famous, for tobcrcas in bis time lfland toas turmoilcn toitlj 
 manp fierce mtttimcs.tlje inljabitants being in fnbicccion to no fttperiour magistrate, be intermc* 
 DleDnotinanpcjuarels.fauingtbatbpbiatiifcrcctvjerttiejtiiliscnceJjeefettbjcttCibanrjb^otigbt 
 to compofition a great number: bee neuer DiD no? fuffercD biolcnce.bttt onelp upon tlje laft Dap of 
 Ijis life, S>o carcfullp auopoco be al fcDittons ano (irifes: ana gatte gooo affiftance to otljersjtoljo 
 toercDefirous alfo toauopD ano efcape tljem : neitbcrtiDanpntanctterput inpractifebiscoun* 
 fcl,but it turncD to \)i$ efpeciall gooD : no? cuer anp Dio ftocrue tberefrom,but toitb tlje Danger of 
 Ijis life ano pofitiucns, 'SljetoorDesorratljer t!;c oracles t!jat came frombinitocrcfocertatne, 
 tbat ittoas toanoecfttl from torjencc anp man fijoulD baue fo great anofo litre fo?ecaff ano counfclf 
 oftbingstocomejastoasfounD tobeinbim. ©HljcrruponbisDiftrcet anopjouiDcnttoifcDeme 
 iopncD toitb couniell became a pjouerbc amongfl Ms Nialsbijt* fadent Cljat is to fap,tljc cotmfel 
 ofNialus:o?,tbetbingisDone,o?fiiccecDetbbpNialusbiScounfel:tobenanpbufiuestoasatcbie= 
 ueD 8?ttDcntIp, ano toitlj aomirableDifcretion. ^bi8man,tebcn,fo?afiaugbtercomniittcDbpbis 
 fonue toitbout Ijis fcnotoleDge,lje toas in big otonc Ijoufe beff t toitb a 1 oo,men,tobo (jap confpireD 
 bis oeatb,mtD tolien Ijts enemies began on all fioes to fet bis Ijoufe on fire,fecing bis enoe app?oc!j, 
 at lengtb be b?afee into tbefe too?BS. Doubtlcffe tlje fc tbings tjappen bp fatc.tljat is,bp tbe toill of 
 <$oo. Jbotobeic, 31 p«t mp bope ano confidence in Chrill,tljat toe(mcaning bis toife,nno btmfelfe) 
 altrjougb tljts our fraite boop fljal bnoergoe tlje corruption of Deatb,in tbe fire of our encmics,ve t, 
 tbat it fljalbe DeliuereD from eternal flames, 3nD fo in tbe mtDli of tbcfe Dopces,anD in tlje furp of 
 tlje flames,be toitlj bis totfe ano tbe mamlapcr bis fonne,iu tljepere of Chrift 1 o t o.cnoeD bis life, 
 3 DopceVinDoubteDlpfuHtocUbefeemingtbefonnesof©oD, arguing tbe notable comfort of bi3 
 fottlenmiDfttljetoerp pangs of ceatlj, 1 
 
 31 therefore aooco tljofe things to fijeto bp tobat reafon 33 toas motteD to tbmfce.tbat in tlje berp 
 beginning of Clj jiflianitic rtceitttD mtiongtt bs.mcns mines toerc not fo bcguilcD anD ottertoljel* 
 meo in tbe Darfcencs of errojs,as of lacc,a little before tbcfe our timcs,tljep Ijaue bene, 
 
 tBitt after tbe Lo?D (£5oDbp Luther,anD Luthers felloto -labourers in tbe binepata oftlje Lo?D, 
 anD bp Ijts gonlp fucceflbttrs,DiD make tbe Doctrine of faluation more manifeu\ano (baking off tlje 
 beauieflotbe,ano tljtcfee mifie of our mints bp tlje finger of bis rigljt banD,tljat is bp Ijis Ijolp §>pi= 
 tit Matth.i 2 .v. 2 8.)DiD plucfee tlje cares of our Ijearts^anD openeo out epes 5 tbat toe mtgljt beljolD 
 Ijis fatting Ijealtlj: Site all,ano euerp of bsDo belccue anD confeu"e,tljat (Sod is afpirtt (Iohi^.v. 
 24.)etenial(Eiay40.v.28.) infinite (Ierc.2 7.v.24.Pfal. 1 3 p.v. 7.8.9.) mofigOOD(Matth.l9.v. 
 1 7.)almigbtp(Gen.i 7. 1 .Reuel. 1 .8.) one in being,snD nature: one in p?outDence: one in tlje ma* 
 king auDgottcrningof all tbtngs(Deut.6.j.Ephc 4.5.) IBtitDtfiinpiujcDbp tlje perfons of tlje 
 c5oDbeaDanDtbetrpiopcrties ) tbejratber,tlje^)onne,anDtbeboIp©bofi(Macth.28.i9.&3.i7.) 
 ©oBtlje jfatljer tlje firSpcrfon of tbc ©osijeaD creato? of beauen anD eartlj^anD all otljer tljings 
 (Gcn.i.v,i.anDintbofetbatfoloto)tljc\3pbolDer$gotterno?ofaIl(Pfa.ii5,2.Heb.i.2.)jfatbec 
 of our JLoid Iefus Chnft (Pfal.2,7. anD berfes follotoing)anBour jTatljer tljjougbbim (Rom.8, 
 1 j.)beepcrof ourfoulesanD boDies (Luke 1 2.1 2.) 9nD tbat Iefus Chrift tbefcconDperfon of tlje: 
 QpoobeaD is tlje fonrte of <Soo tbe jfatber(Iohn i.i8.&c,)oneIpbegotten (Iohn i.29.Hcb.i.2.) 
 equal to Ijis jfatljer(i.Chro. 1 7, 1 g.loh.i . t .)true ©od (Iohn i.2,&c.) foieappointeo before tlje 
 creation of all tljings (i.Per.i,2o,Reuel.i^.8.&c.)anDprefentlpaft£rman3 fall promifeotobe 
 tbe Meffias (Gene.3.1 ^.&c.) pu'alifijcD eftfoones Vjnto tlje Ijolp ipatriarcbes , as toito Abraham 
 (Gen. 1 2.3.&c.)rjntoIfaac(Gen 26.4 ) vmto Iacob (Gene.2F.i4,) ano confirmeD bppjomifea 
 (Gen.49.9.Efa,u.i,io.)prefigureDbp^facri5cesofMofes(Leu.i.i,&c,)anDbpotbertppe0, 
 as namelp bp tbe offerin 3 of Ifaac (Gen. 2 2.) bp tlje lifting Dp oftlje brafen fcrpent (Num.2 1 ,)b}> 
 Ionas(lonas2,&c.)procIaimeDbptbeteilimonpoftbeP?opljtts(Efa.7,i4.)anDaticngtbintbe 
 fulncffe of timetrttelp erljibiteDt true man(Iohn ili^&cGal^) tljat IjeDieofor our finneSjano 
 toasraifcoagainc for ourinfiificat!on(Rom.4.25.&c.)3fcenDiugiutobeauen (Ads i.9,&c.) 
 ano itiafu'npj ituetcefftott foj bg at tlje rigljt Ijanu of Ijis fatrjer toittjout ceafing(i .Iohn 2,1,6^) 
 
 Mfummeof 
 tbe Iflanders 
 
 Religion. 
 
 
57* 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, The trueftate ofljland. 
 
 ti 
 
 Krantiius. 
 
 ticnt €bjoilt= 
 
 tlCSOflilind. 
 
 Ifland firff in. 
 Iiabuco. 
 
 bpljis bolp spirit (tobicljis tlje tfeiroe aerfon of tljc (BoDbcaDjCoctiuaU, ano ccnfubttautial to tlje 
 5F nthcr ana clje feonne, Afts. j.4,) gathering (fee Cburclj to bimfelfe lip tbe <[Qo;!D, ana sfeacra* 
 m£ntB(Mauh,i6.i8.Rom.io.i4.&c.anoftinctifpi«gi£toctetuamfe 3 A^s.p,3i.&c. 9nDtijat 
 one cap at tljc ens of tlje toojla be toill come from beaucn (A&s.i .1 1 .) to wage tlje quiche aiic tlje 
 Brao (1 ♦Thcflal.4. 1 5.) tljat be toill rentier unto tije totckeo acco?Bing to tijeir too?ke?,ana tljat be 
 toil iuagetijem to eternal paines(Macth.i 3,42.8c 25,4.) but tljat lie mil rtlxiaro tfeem toitlj eter- 
 nal iifCjtoljo bcleeucinbis B2ame(Macch.25. $4.)SljisIefus Chrift ( 3Uap)toeeacknotol£Dgeta 
 lecurrereemcr(Macth,i 4 2i.)curl)eat)(:.Corinth.i2 t 27.)anliotirLo?ti(tpbe.4.5.)9tnitbat 
 toec in our ijolpbaptifme ao giue , ano baue giucn cur names Unto bsm (A6ts.2.,3 8.) ano tijac toe 
 are engraffea into bim bp bsptifme ( 1 .Conn. 1 2. 1 3.)&nD tbis toe Dopiatnelp,ing£nuouu'p J frccIp > 
 ana toillingip conf ciTe.anB toitnetfe : &na as fo? ail otljers toljo inuent anp other name in Ijeauen 
 gitten unto men bp toljicij tljep map be faueo,toe Doe carncfilp actetf, cutfc, ana conoemne tbem 
 ( A6IS.4. 1 2.) Sue Ijolae Ijis mofl boip £Oo?a to be tbe oneip rule of our faiuatton : Slna tbat aione 
 ( all mans aemfes being call atoap ana contcmnea) toe pjopounB bnto our felues as an infallible 
 rule,ana leuel of our faitlj (Galati.8.Efai 20,1 3.Ezech,2o.)toljt'clj toe conteineonaer tbe name 
 nf tbe oloc ana netoe 'Ccttament (Hcbr.8.)acuucrcB bp tbe l£>?opbets ana §poGlcs(Ephe.2.2o.) 
 bptbefinjuiar ana infante gooanefle of 6oa,p)xferucD euer Unto tljis oapano to bepjefcruea 
 .bereaftecaltoiipc3:ntl)e(!!:burcb(Matth.28,lattticrfe.Pfal.7i.i8.i.Cor.i i.2d.) 
 
 ^betefo?c toe rcnocr tbankesunto ourmoS gratious ana aimigbtp @oo from our foule ,ano 
 from our tobole bcart 5 becaufe tbat ctienUnto 1)3 being fcparatea an buge Bifiance from tlje refl of 
 t])t bocp of ins Cljurclj , ana m!jabiiing tbe fartijett parts of tbe too?lo , bee toouia tljat tljis iigbt 
 gratmteDfo^tbercitciationof tlje (S.-nttles, ana p?eparea before tljc faceof all people^nainolae 
 timcfauonrsblp ibetoca to Ijolp Simeon (fo> in Chnftareall tljetreafurcsoftoifesomebtgDen) 
 to'jicb ncto aoet(>enligbten ana cljeriuj toitjj tljc fauing beamed tljcreof cur tobolc nation,that bee 
 tooula(31 fap)ttj;s Iigbt fijottla come bnto us. ikbts in buefe(running ouer tbe Uerp fumme jig out 
 f a:t!j,ana our Hciicjion^toijiclj bp tljc Direction of tbe Ijolp J§>pirir,antt of Ijis £t9iniuxrs in tbe tone* 
 para of Chrift., toe baue ajatoen ana tbat out of tlje fountaincs of Ifiaei. 
 
 In chcyeere of our Lord 1070. fawibe Iflandersconuerted vnto Chrift, &c, 
 
 I ^tsaonbtful Unto us toljetljer in tl;ef£toojasKran7'.iustooulobattefaia,tbatplflandersto£re 
 firff tomtertca unto Chrift in tlje peeve of our loja 1070:0? tobctberbeaotljnotoenp tljat tlje? 
 toere in?ifeDbefo?econitert£a,butfaitljtIjnt it toasbnotoncfirtl unto Adalbert tbat peerc, 35ue 
 toljetijerfonter of tbcfe ije affirmctljmottoitbffimDinrj tbe prrelp rfco?as,ana mod auncient Cbjo* 
 nicies of cur nation tcfiifpmg tlje coutrarp ao make %\g creoitc to be fuipectea in tljis place,Untn 
 toljicij tecoiDs ana dCIj^omcles , toljetljer pau ijaa ratijer a,iuc aflint concerning our otone p jopf t 
 ano aomeSical afatrcs, Done toitbin tbe bonnes of our 3ilaua, 0} to Krantzius 0? anp otter beinct, 
 igtiojantintbciloipofourcountrcpjaappeale^frienBlpreaDcr^Untopcurotoneaifcretion.jFoi 
 mp pare 2. am enfo jcen bp manp reafons to nginre ratijer Unto our otone tojiters* JTo? our coun= 
 trepn-iEit a&rme t'jofe tljtngs pnel? tljat be knotoen, ano in a maii£r aomcllicali : ije ton'tetb mat* 
 tcrs fo?rein£ ana unlaictoen: tljep bane compika tljcir IjiBones toitbeut tlje Birtatiiing^ifgracina; 
 ci rcp?£(jcuaing of anp otijer nations, onelp tbat tljep migbt alTtgne unto tljfir otone acts anb er* 
 ploits tlje true time 0? age tijercof :bcbatljuit£rmeBteBinbisbiSo?ic ccrtainc trjmgs contrary 
 to tlje traetlj , ana t Ijat tc tlje Upb?aiaiug of our nation being mofi Unhnoteen Unto tjiin,as it ftjall 
 iinmeaimrp appcare: tljep scfcrtbe [bcnames^eresjojjjcr/ucccffion of all tljc ISifljops of Ifland: 
 l)t mcHtionctfj onelp oit£ ; ef djatfarreotbertoife tljentlje truetb. jTurcljErmoje, tljat 3 niap make 
 gooa tbe creaite sf our Cotuurcpmcn, 31 toil impart tottb Grangers afetof tbtugs toljicij 31 founo 
 inourmeftot-cient rccojDs of tlje conucrOon of Ifland unto Chrift, ana of tlje fucceffion of Bi« 
 
 C;ops in our Cbur cbes/ffiLibtcb aitljouglj tbep be of litle moment 3 ana not aitogetljer too^tbp to'be 
 ton'ttcn, pet usuS tljep of ncceffitic bee fet Botenc fo? tbe Defence of tlje truetb of our affaires a- 
 gatnfl Krantzms ano otbers : Cfjus tbcrcfo?e ttanaetb tlje certeintic tljereof* 
 
 3Intlj£ pf£rccf Chrift S^-lfland (being inoeeBBtfcouer£B before tljat ttme,as is abouemen* 
 tionED)toas then firu of all inbabitea bp certainc Noruagians. Wcftit cbirfctaine toas one Ingul- 
 p h us from toljcfc name tlje €aS cape of Ifland is callea Ing ulffs hoffdi. tbEfe planers arc rec s 
 kanca up bp name in cur recojtaes mo?e tljen to tlje number of 400. tcgetljer toitb tljofe of tljetc 
 blooaana ktnrea,anD great families beSoes : ncitber onelp is tbeir number DcfcribcB, but it is al' 
 fo plainelp fct ootoiif ,toljat coaC% tobat flio^es, anB tolja't in-lana places cclje of tljem aia occupie 
 ana inbabitc, ano toljat names tbfficQinljabitantsaiBgtue Unto fetreigljts,bapesjjarbo?BugrjiS,- 
 necMar.as.creckeSjCapES^-ockes.craggeSjniountnineSjbilieSjUallepSjbomockcs^H'ngSjflooDS, 
 ritters.^na to be Cjojr, toljat names tbep gaucUnto tijeir graunges 0? Ijoufes, toljereofmanpat 
 ttoay are rcteinco ano Ufca» UberEfoje tlje Norwayes totel; tbeir cempanp pcopleo all tbe &a* 
 
 bitable 
 
FrfttticusSM* 
 
 tlicftrltp'ti" 
 
 <2T(ut(han faitb 
 
 in Ifland. Anno 
 Domini ?8i. 
 
 Anno Domini 
 
 1000, 
 
 The truejlateof IJeland. Traffiques,and Difcoueries* 573 
 
 bitable parts of Ifland note occupies bp tbem fo? t^e fpace of 6o.pt cress o j tijcreabout : butcbep 
 remapneo ^tbntckcs almetta io' o.wteg,et cept a berp febi tobtclj toere baptifeo in Norwiic ._ 
 35m fcarcc a i oo.peres from tbeir firll entrance being; pad ,p?£fentlp Cljjittian Kcligton began 
 tobeconGDcreobpon 3 namelpabouttbepetreofourio?op74.(Tai()icljtbtngabotie2o.perc8to- 
 getbcr.toias oiuerflp attempted of manp not toitbotit notable rebellion: amongff tlje reft tljere are 
 tnenttoncD ttoo outlanotuj ■^ifbops,torjo toitlj otjjers Diligentlp laboureo in connecting tlje 3lantJ 
 to.CbjtQian faitb: the fo?mer teas one Fridericus a Saxon bojne,tobo in tlje peere 98 1 ,canic in* _ 
 to Ifland,ano bcljauea bimfelfe couragiouflp in tbe office of pjeacbing,anrj pjeuaileo fo muclj,tbat WttMJii 
 jntbepcctepS^ljurcljeBtoerebfeDinlfland. 
 
 35uttbcotvjcroudanoitl)^iu)opojp?eacber tofarn ttjepcalleb Tbangbrandt tame firtt into 
 Ifland in the peere^. 
 
 anbthen after 2 <5,pceres confuting about Heligion, at length in tbepeere iooo»it toasne* 
 erect) in a generall affcmblp of all tlje inhabitants bp tbeir toljele confent, tbat tlje iDojtujip of fjea« 
 tljeniflj 3|t>oleg being abanooneo,tbep ujoulo rmbjace Cljjtfltan Keligion. 
 
 agatne.tn tbe peere 10 50.it bias Decreeo in a folcmne affcmblp of tlje inbabttants,tbat temper 
 rail 0} politique labies ( tbe conditutions tonjereof being bjougbt out of Norwaie tuere commu- 
 nicatee bnto tbe iflandersbp one V/fiotinfye peere Q2<5,)ujoulo euerptoljere giue place to tlje 
 Canon ojoiuine Latoe, 
 
 3in tlje pete 105 6.one ijlafvam bepono tbe feas out of Ifland to be cofecrateo biftjop of Iflad, 
 
 ll?e came Ijome confecrateo into Ifland.ano entreti into tlje btffjop jic&e tftSchalbott in tlje peere 
 ioj7,C)eDietiio8o.in tlje peere offrjis age y^'&lje^oftbc KaIenosof31ulp, 
 
 Cljefe things perhaps toil fceme trifling,ujojt ano bafe,noi fufficicntlp toojthp to bementio* 
 ntD.togetbcrumlj manpower matters tofjiclj folloln :but neither ooeioce compile tbe Romane 
 Jjitto?p, neither pet (hall tljefe tbtngs be to trifling, but tbat tljep map be of fuff icient fo?ce to con- 
 ttince tbe errours of Krantzius ano others, accoutring to our purpofe. 3no bnooubteolp as tou* 
 tljing tbe tructlj of our ljilIoiies,!t is euioent tbat Saxo Grammaticus attrtbutetbbcrp much bnto 
 
 tbem: ttbofetoOjOSinbiS^efacc Of Denmarkebetbefe: Neither is the diligence of the Thylen- 
 fis. (for fo he callcth Iflanders)ro be fmothercd in filencc: who when as by reafon of the natiue 
 barrennes of their foile,wanting nourishments of riot,they do exercife the duties ofcontinuall 
 fobriet ie ,and vfe to beftow all the time of their life in the knowledge of other mens exploits, 
 they fupply their want by their wit. Forthey eftecme it a pleafure to know, and commit vnto aJnowMe * 
 memofythe famous a£ts of other nations.reckoning it no lefle praifeworthy to difcourfe of o- saxo cower- 
 ther mens vertues , then to pradtife their owne. Whofe treafuries repleniftied with the monu- J'"B 'Be Iflaiw 
 ments of hiftorical mattersj more curioufly fearching inro.hauc compiled no fmal part of this 
 prelentworke by following of their relation : neither defpifed I to haue thole men for my 
 iudges.whom I knew to be skilfull in fo great knowledge ofantiquitie/ilhus farre Saxo. 
 
 SiUrjeTtfoje 31 tljinke it not amiffe to p?oceeoem tlje recitalloftbe^iujopsoflfland,tbat tbe 
 ojocr ano oefcent of tbem all,beingfo farre foo.itb as is poffible,oiligcntlp put togetber out f our 
 peerelp reco?rjs,map maie goob tljat toljicb tte tjaue alleogeo againfl Krantzius concerning ijleif 
 tbeffrQ^iffjop of ifland. ' 
 
 111 
 
 Inihcycere 
 M Christ. 
 
 TheBifhops o£Schalbolt. 
 
 The Bifliops oiHolen. 
 
 In thcyecr* 
 of Christ, 
 
 
 j. 
 
 Ifleif. 
 
 1; 
 
 IonasfonneofAugmundus. 
 
 
 1056. 
 
 Con&crateD beponn tbe fcas. 
 
 Iflcifljtsuifciple, 
 
 
 IOJ7. 
 
 Keturnetbanotnteretb tbeTriiujops 
 
 Confecraten beponoe tfje feasintbe 
 
 t IO& 
 
 
 feaofSchalholt. peere ofbisage 64,btsficname toas 
 
 
 I 080; 
 
 ' Dietlj in tlje pere of bis age 74* t&e 4. 
 
 SanQus, Dntolubofe memojietlje f t 
 
 
 
 oftbei&alenosof3lulp. 
 
 of 9©arcbtoasbp tlje inbabitantstn old 
 
 
 . 
 
 II. 
 
 cimeocDicatco, 
 
 
 
 Gyflcrus. 
 
 Dt'etlj tbe 1 l.oftbelSalenoSof S^ap. 
 
 r 12 1. 
 
 108 2. 
 
 Confecrateo beponb tbe fea, 
 
 II. 
 
 
 X083. 
 
 Uctumetlj into ifland tottb bisTBi= 
 
 Ketilluso? Catullus. 
 
 
 in 8. 
 
 ujopjiCRC. DietTj tbe j.of tbe Sal, 
 
 Confecrateo. 
 
 1122. 
 
 
 of S0sp being tuefoap. 
 
 Dietb* 
 
 1 145. 
 
 
 III. 
 
 III. 
 
 
 Snftepen 
 
 Thorlacusfonne of Runulphus. 
 
 T3io?no. 
 
 
 of Dip age 
 
 22. 
 
 Confccrateb t|je fame peere , toljcrcfn 
 
 iSeing confecrateo came into Ifland. 
 
 1^47* 
 
 a*' 
 
 w 
 
 SDtetft 
 
 

 
 
 
 m- 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, J be true ft ate cf/Jland. 
 
 In the veere 
 of Christ. 
 
 | TheBifhops of Scbalboh. | The Bifheps ofyHokn. 
 
 In ttc ytcrt 
 of Christ. 
 
 
 ijts pjeteceifo? Gyfierus ueceafeo, but 
 
 Dietb* 
 
 I 162* 
 
 1133. 
 
 jet 3o,Dape0lefo?et)tst>eat|), Dietb. 
 
 IIII, 
 
 
 ! ! 
 
 IIII. 
 
 Brandus* 
 
 
 
 Magnus. 
 
 ConfccrateD, 
 
 I KJ3. 
 
 i 1 3 4. 
 
 Confccraten. 
 
 ffintretb k «£pifccpall fee. 
 
 I 16 5. 
 
 1 148, 
 
 2Dn tbemojrotoe after tlje feattofall 
 
 Dtetlj. 
 
 I 201* 
 
 
 &atnts$,in bis parifl) totone otH'itar- 
 
 v. 
 
 
 
 dd, tbe Ijoufc being Qrifcen toitb ligbt • 
 
 GudmundusfirnaltuD Bonus, 
 
 
 
 nmg.beMWi 7o,menteitb. bun toerc 
 
 €Iecten and confccratcc. 
 
 I203, 
 
 I 
 
 confurncD iuitl; 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 1 a 37* 
 
 
 V, 
 
 VI. ' 
 
 
 
 Klaingus. 
 
 Bocolphus. 1 
 
 
 1 1 j 1. 
 
 €$ofen» 
 
 Keturnetbconfecratetu 
 
 1239. 
 
 II S3. 
 
 entretljcbeCee* 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 1 246* 
 
 117^ 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 VII. . 
 
 
 
 VI. 
 
 Hcnricus. 
 
 
 
 Thorlacus. 
 
 CntrecbJbefee. 
 
 Ia 47» 
 
 
 Cbofen ttoo petes before tbeueat&of 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 1260, 
 
 
 tjicpjccecetTour. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 
 1178, 
 
 1193. 
 
 ConfecrateD, 
 
 BrandusanSlbbats, 
 
 
 Dietb, 
 
 (SoctbbeponDtbefcas. 
 
 1 262, 
 
 
 VII. 
 
 iCntretbtbe^iujonjicke, 
 
 1263. 
 
 
 Paulus. 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 iae»4* 
 
 1 IP J. 
 
 ConfecrateD. 
 
 IX, 
 
 
 1 a 1 1, 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 Ierundus, 
 
 
 : 
 
 VIII. 
 
 entretb&isfee. 
 
 121*7. 
 
 
 Magnus* 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 X 3 X 3» 
 
 12 16*, 
 
 Confecrateo* 
 
 x. 
 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 Audunnus, 
 
 
 ' 
 
 Siguardus, 
 
 Cntrctb bis fee. 
 
 i3»4» 
 
 1 a 39. 
 
 Cittrctbbififec. 
 
 Via\) t 
 
 1 3 a *♦ 
 
 1268, 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 A I, 
 
 .- 
 
 if 
 
 X. 
 
 Laurcntius* 
 
 . 
 
 
 Arnerus. 
 
 eir c ceo anb confecrateD* 
 
 1324. 
 
 I 2 dp, 
 
 Cntretfc bis fee* 
 
 Dietbintbeaoesofapffl. 
 
 x 33 x * 
 
 up 8. 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 XII* 
 
 
 
 XI. 
 
 Egillus. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Arnerus fonneof Helgo, 
 
 ©ntretb&tsfee* 
 
 I3 3*» 
 
 1304. 
 
 Confrcrateo. 
 
 Dietb* 
 
 1341. 
 
 I 3°S* 
 
 6ntcretbtbefee« 
 
 Alii. 
 
 
 1 3 op, 
 
 J 
 
 Spailctlj into Norwaic , to craue ttm • 
 
 Ormus, 
 
 ; ' • • 
 
 
 beroftijekingof Norway, toberctuitb 
 
 Cntrabbfafee. 
 
 x ?43» 
 
 
 tbe Cljurcbof Schalholc might be ree= 
 
 Dietb bpon tbe featt of all j&atnts* 
 
 1 55 S- 
 
 
 Difieo,toib - cbtbefame?ere being toucbt 
 
 XII 11. 
 
 
 I 
 
 toitb ligbtiung,toas burnt bourne. 
 
 Ionas fonne of Ericus, 
 
 
 1310. 
 
 Eetttrneib borne* 
 
 firnameb ££*//<?. 
 
 
 1320, 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 "dang, to enter bis fea of Hokn came 
 
 i35 8 » 
 
 II 
 
 XII. 
 
 into Ifland, CbjiS Ionas being before 
 
 aj» /in iAimh 
 
 1 
 
 Ionas Haldorus, 
 
 time confecraten bifljop of Gronland, 
 
 21 ISllflOP 
 OfCicnlinL 
 
 13 21. 
 
 Clecteo. 
 
 obtetnen licence of tbe bi&jop of Rome 
 
 13 $<*. 
 
 1322. 
 
 Confecrateb tbefirttof auguft, 
 
 to enter tbe &ee of Holcn, tobicb teas 
 
 ■ 
 
 1327. 
 
 CntrctbbiiSfte. 
 
 attbattimebacanc. thereupon com- 
 
 ' 
 
 1338. 
 
 Dietb. 
 
 ming ano nor bringing toitb b'im tbe 
 
 
 
 XIII. 
 
 confirmation of tljies oignttie anu fune= 
 
 
 
 Ionas Tonne of Indrid a Noruagian 
 
 ticn,recei«eD from tbe ISope, bee be- 
 
 
 1? 39. 
 
 bojne. (gntretb bis fee. 
 
 gan to be futpecteo amongtbepjicfls 
 
 
 1341* 
 
 Diet&. 
 
 oftbeDtocefle of Holen. tw!;ertfo?c be 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ lit; 
 
 XIIII, 
 
 toajs 
 
 
- ■ q i 
 
 *Thetruejlateofljland< Traffiques,& Difcoueries, 575 
 
 htheytere 
 of Christ, 
 
 ThtWifhopsofStbalbok. | The Bifliops of Hokru 
 
 In theyecra 
 jf Christ. 
 
 1343- 
 
 1348. 
 
 »34P« 
 13 5 6 - 
 
 1362. 
 13U4. 
 
 1 $6 6, 
 1381, 
 
 1385. 
 
 1388. 
 
 1394. 
 
 1420, 
 
 M3*. 
 
 1445. 
 1471. 
 
 M94- 
 
 ■ X1UJ, 
 Ionai fonncofSigtiardus, 
 Cntretbbfsffee, 
 Dieth oti S .Magnus eucn. 
 XV, 
 Gyrchus, . 
 ConfectatctJ at Aflo in Norway bp Sa 
 lomontriftopofAflo. 
 ©oingbepono t\)t fcag be toasojotoneti. 
 XVI, 
 - Thorarinnus. 
 
 <£ntretrjhtBfee, 
 Dieth, 
 
 XVII, 
 Oddgeirus. 
 CntretbbiBfee, 
 Diet b upon trje affiimption of tbe blclTec 
 Jlirgin, in tfje pojt Of Bergen in Nor way , 
 falling ootone from a packe of toareef intc 
 tljcbotomcoftljc ll)ip. ©etoasburicrjat 
 Bergen in tbeCburcbofour&auiour. 
 XVIII. 
 Michael aDand 
 Cntrttbrjisfee. 
 
 l&efignetb, ano failetlj into Denmarke, 
 XIX. 
 William a Dane* 
 Cnter etlj theT!5i&;op?tcke. 
 Dieth. 
 
 XX. 
 Arnerus firnameo MiSdftr, ,tljat fa to fap, 
 Liberal!. 5;etoaj3aton.etime)lojD \j3jeft> 
 oent of all Ifland, biftjop of Schaiholc , ant 
 wcebiifiouofHolen, JlpeDteD, 
 XXI. 
 Ionas Gerickfon Sueden , either fit' 
 nameo oj borne , is ntaoe 'Biftjop ouet tty 
 Crjurcrj of Schalholc : ano aftertoarofo? 
 cettaine boloe attempts! being taken by 
 oneThorualdus de Modruuollum (as it is 
 repojteo) anu a great fione being bonnotc 
 btBneeke.beetoas caQ^Iiuetnto ihc riuer 
 of Schalholr, (tobicb taketbname of tbe 
 bjtoge) antu ujas there Qrangleo, 
 XXII. 
 Gofwinus biflbop of Schalholt. 
 XXIII. 
 Sueno cafleo$ toife,btu;Opof Schalholr. 
 
 XXIIII. 
 Magnus tonne of Eiolphus, biftjop, UC 
 XXV. 
 Stephen. 
 €ntreth tbe fee. -SLfeen (lining at one 
 
 time toitbGodfchalchus biftjop of Holen, 
 toljo feemeo toojtbp to be GrnemeD cruel, 
 be rjaa tr^e fame commentjations fo? mere; 
 ano tuQice,t()at Godfchalchut |;a9. 
 
 toas fent backt up trj.in into Nor- 
 way, tljat trje matter might bee fet 
 through bp the iuogement of- the 
 kfng.'Clje^ing therefore fauourincr 
 m-5 part.fje obteincb the biujopjicke 
 
 tfHolen. 
 
 £e Dieth, 
 
 XV. 
 Peter. 
 
 Cottfecrateo the fame yere tobere> 
 inrjts pjeoccetroutDeparteooutof 
 this p?efent life. 
 •CntretrjtfjefeeofHolen. 
 Dietb. 
 
 XVI, 
 Ionas Wilhelmus Cnglifi), 
 Citbetbojne ojfir-nameD, 
 Cntreo trje fee. 
 
 XVIL 
 Godfchalcus. 
 DicD. 
 
 XVIII. 
 Olaus fon Of Rogwaldus nepbeto 
 to thefojenameo Godfchalcus b\> 
 trjefiflers fioc.botlj of them being 
 Norwayes. 
 ©etoasefiabliujctr, 
 ^eoteo. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Godfchalchus 
 Wat nepbetoeof Olaus rjeceafecbp 
 tijebpiberj Roe : alfo bee being a 
 Noruagian tuasi electee tbe fame 
 peerctobereinbiei bucle DeccafeD. 
 
 $c cntretb tlje fee, 9no fo? tbe 
 pace of zatoholc yeres t* repojteo, 
 cruelly to baue entreateD many ol 
 tljefubiects. 3ntheyeereis2o, 
 tube be toaa in tbewirjft of bis cups, 
 anD banqueting Biftje&fjbearD that 
 Ionas Sigifmundus to a 3 DepartCD 
 out of t bis lif e(toljom toit b bis to if c 
 ariBcbiIo?en,beb3i'fo?manp yeres 
 mod cruellp opp^etTeo" be p?efentlp 
 fell into a fttDoen Difcafe , anofo not 
 long after cbangeD tljat biolcnce fo? 
 imferable oeatb,tobicb in bfetobole 
 life be ban rjfenagainft W DifirelTeD 
 fubiectg* 
 
 XX. 
 Ton3sArxfonius, 
 
 Cntretb the fee. 
 
 Ibis man toas the Iafffjmo(tear= 
 lieil mafnteiner of popifb fupcrfii- 
 ttons. QUboCotttelptoitbttaniiing 
 GyflVrus anoMartinus bifljopsof 
 Schalhok } toas commanwD bp tbe 
 moa 
 
 13PI. 
 
 i3P a » 
 
 143 a. 
 MS7. 
 
 lifl) man 
 MiQjopfrt 
 
 IOand, 
 
 145 8. 
 
 I4P7* 
 
 1500a 
 
 152J. 
 
17 6 
 
 ■ — ' . . --._.— — . _ ^ m 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, *Ibe trueftate ojlfland. 
 
 Inihcyccrc 
 of Christ. 
 
 TheBifhops of ScJw&ofr. | The Bifhops of Holen. (*g«J 
 
 ijij>. 
 
 IJ J 2. 
 
 IJ40. 
 "54 1 * 
 
 *544- 
 1547- 
 
 1556. 
 
 X587. 
 
 1588. 
 Ij8p, 
 
 ljDCDicD:oj thereabout. 
 XXVI. 
 Augmundus, 
 Cbofcn in tlje pecre tohercin Stephen DC 
 ceafen. Cntretbthefee. 
 $3l)ile be teas HJiujop, tbe kings licu-te= 
 nanc irntb fame of (jus folloiucre being tn- 
 uiteo to S c haihoh , in the time of the ban 
 que^toasflaine bp ccrtainc confpiratojs: 
 liecatife bee ljaa in nllplacc^ totckcDlp Maze 
 ilea the inhabitants anD their gaoDs, "But 
 Augmundus as the authour ofthatmur 
 tber (although he purges himfelfe toith an 
 otbe) being t ramyoj tea into Denmarke, 
 iherccnocD his life* 
 
 XXVII. 
 Gyflerus. 
 Clecten, Augmundus pet luting, 
 Cntreotbefee. 
 Oetoas the aboliujer of popiuj t raDitions 
 about Pjteffa marriages t his oSufte mari 
 age being tblemnijea at Schalholt. 
 XXVIII. 
 Martinus, 
 
 15lujop,$c. 9na the peeres folotoing. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Giilauslonas. 
 
 Z-W man pjefentlp ,mthetime of biujop 
 Augmund began in his poutb tobeenfla 
 mcb tuttb v toue of true pieties of the pure 
 Doctrine of the (Sofpel , $ beingpattour of 
 the Church of Selardal ,siligentlp to ao= 
 uance the fame.bp tohiclj meanes he bio fc 
 pjocurebnto bimtelfe gbatreaof Papifls, 
 as being coflreineo to giue place bnto tbetr 
 craft $ crueltie, faeoepartcb ouer to Ham- 
 burg ,frcmbjhence coming to Copen Ha. 
 gen in Denmarke^ painefullp p?oceeoing 
 in Ijfe former ffuap of oiuinitie , he Uueo in 
 tbefamiliaritte, anofauour of manp, but 
 rpeciaHpofD.D.PetetP^Hadius:tohotoaiB 
 it that time biujop there. 3ftertoara rc= 
 turning into his countrep, Martinegaue 
 place bnto him of his otone acco ?D. ©his 
 man DieD alfo, bauingfoj the fpace of 31, 
 peres 0? thereabouts, pjofeflea the cfcofpel 
 
 j of lefus Chrift : neither aia he helper fur- 
 ther the Church of (Sob bp the founa of hie 
 uotce onelp, but bp all other meanes to the 
 Dtmott of his abilitie, bp teaching, p?ea^ 
 cljing,to?iting,bpbis toealth f Ijis counfel. 
 XXX. 
 Otto Enerus, a graue,goDlp, analear- 
 woman. 15emg cbofenbeDepartetb&iS 
 eountrp. $ee is confecrateD,returnei &, 
 
 I ma entreth the fea , enbeuouring hitn&iu 
 
 I in tlje labours of bis function. 
 
 mofl religious king Chtulan tlje j . 
 bnaerpaine of baniftjment to conic 
 
 Uiith all (pec a into Den ma rke/linir 
 
 neglecting the kings rommatutac 
 ment, bectooke Martine biujop of 
 Schalholt, ana ccmmictcB him tc 
 UJato. 9tlengtbbe bimfclfealfo be- 
 ing taken bp a man of gecat name 
 (tobom bcfojetljat time, it is faiae, 
 ijebaap^ouokea)ano beinn; brought 
 toSchalholc, luas, together toitb 
 his ttoofonnes, bptbe autbon'tieof 
 the kings lieutenant bebeaoeD,3|n 
 re ucnge tohereof not long after.the 
 faiae lieu-tenant toith fome of l)it 
 companp,toas btllanouflpflaine bp 
 certaine ropjlers, , toljich toece once 
 feruants to the parties beheaoea. 
 xxr, 
 
 OlausHialtetus.. 
 
 Departea bis countrep, 
 
 Cntrethtbefec. 
 
 lifts man ( being as pet in tlje life 
 time of bis pjeaeceffour felloto-la= 
 bourer toub him) bias tlje firff that 
 kinaleathe loue of Gncere Doctrine 
 at Holen in the bearts of manp: ana 
 tben being biujop did openlp tcaclje 
 anouefenDtlje faia Doctrine* 
 
 Jpeaiea. 
 
 XXII. 
 Gudbrandus Thotlacius, 
 %l)e opament.not onelp of bis age, 
 but of pofleritie alfo: lnbo bcf.oet 
 chat.bptbe Direction of tlje bolpfpi- 
 rit,be bath mod notablp bjougljt the 
 irio^ke begunne, ana left bnto bim 
 dp bis meDecetTour Olaus to tljat 
 perfectio niljicb it batb pleafeD (Sod 
 tobouebfafe: (namelp bis labours 
 ano Diligence in maintaining tl;e 
 truetb of the ©ofpcl.ano in aboliuj^ 
 ing of popiftj fuperOitions)euenin 
 this bis countrep bee is the fitfl that 
 batb efiabliujea a panting Ijoufe. 
 f o^tobtcbcaufebiJ countrep (be= 
 Staes, fo? manp other books tranfla- 
 tea into our mother tongue ) ujalbe 
 eternallp bounaen bnto bim ,t bat the 
 factea VMz alfo, bp W meancs.is 
 fairelp pn'ncea in tbe language of 
 Ifland, ^)ee(3Ifap)beingattljts 
 p?efent,TS iujop,toben be teas about 
 to take bis charge: 
 
 Deparceo bis countrep. 
 
 ReturneD ano entcca tbe fee of 
 Holen, 
 
 In 
 
 ■ 
 
 ISJ*« 
 
 ryja. 
 MS3- 
 
 1568, 
 
 ry 70. 
 
 V"l 
 
*Tbe true/late off /land. TrafTiques <3c Difcoueries. 577 
 
 IjJ2t^efe times therefore light is reftojeo uuto ourfoules from ljeauen,anD tlje gate of the king- 
 Dome of Ijeauen is openco into bs bp the fmcere p jeacb'.ng of Cbiift ian Doctrine, jfo? in either 
 of tlje Ijttliope feats tljcrc is a free fclioolc fcitnoco bv tlje liberality ano pit tic of tljat molt re* 
 ncurneb Sing of Denmarkc Chriftian tbe thiro : ano aftermaro tlje fonne following tlje goolp 
 fteppes of Uis mott Chjittian father, the fain free fcboole* bp LojD Fridcrick the fecono,our mott 
 religious King, being calleobp to bisljeauenlpcountrep in t^e peace 1588, ijaue beene ettcrea- 
 fcDanofurtbcrcD:bJbicIjat tbis Dap alio doc piofpcr ano flouciflj Op trje faitotir anD autfaojttteof 
 the mott gracious King anD ourpjincc, Chriftian the fourth, torjerein tlje poutljof our 3Ulanoe 
 being inftructeo in the ruDiments of liberal! artes, ano facreo oiuinttie, are trainee top to knoto- 
 Icoge ano true gooltneffe, that from hence miniflers of Churches map pjocecDe. 
 
 £[le are come at length intrje regifterof the IStffjops of Jflano Dottnetotbispjcfent trap, 
 mljereintljefojenameD crcellentmenGudbrandiis rhorlacius, ano OttoEnerus , tlje one at 
 Holen,anotbe other at Schalholt ateTSiffjops of our Catbeo?all Churches : both, ofmbicl) 
 men, that it looulo plcafe ©oa long to pufcrue unto his Church in health ano life , f o j tlje glojte 
 of his mott holp name, me all Doe earnettlp ano un tlj f eruent pppers befeecb him. 
 
 TheficondfeBion. 
 They inhabite for the moft part in caues, or hollo we places within the fides of mountaines. 
 And againc , 1 hey haue many houfes and Churches built with the bones of fifhes, 
 and Whales. Againc, Many of them alio toauoide theextremitieof colde, doe keepc 
 themfelues clofe in their caues, euen as the people of Africa doc to aucyde the heate of the 
 iim ne. Alio Munflcr fay th: Many in Ifland at this day build their houfes with the ribbes and 
 bones of Whales, 
 
 H<£re the fecono member taketb his beginning concerning tlje courfe of life, ano the man* 
 nersof the inhabitants ♦ ano firtt of all tohat buitoings o? boufes tljepooe bfe : name* 
 
 IpacCO^OingtoMunlTer,Krantzius,Frifius&c, Holes and caues ofmountaines,13utaltl)0Ugf) 
 
 in gojgeotis builoings, ano fuel) other toojlolp bjaueries there is bcrplitlebelpe to tlje at* 
 tapmng of a life truelp happie : notmithftanoing , mee cannot in this place conceale tlje 
 truth : ants Mat plainelp affirms that Cofmograpljers ano l^itton'ograpljers alfo Doe erre in this 
 point, jfo j fuel) habitations as ttjep mjite to be common onto tlje mijole nation, arc but inbe» 
 rie feme places , ano are either tbeepe-cots foj OjephearDS, oj cottages ano receptacles fo? 
 fifbermenattbattimeof trje peere onclp toben tbep goe afiujmg.anD the others ttanoe inneeoe 
 to match their floctte. But fo? tbetr boufes themfelues, ano tlje berp Duelling places of men, 
 tljesnanoersljauebao them built from atmcicnt time ttatelpano fumptuouflp enough , accoj* 
 DtngtothecouDitionof the Countrcp,mitb timber, flones.ano turfes,bntillfuchtime as traf* 
 fike ano ercbange of marcs beganne to ceafcbctwecnetljem ano the jftojuagians, toholoere 
 toont to fupplp tljem tuicfj timber, ano foj that caufe uoUie our houfes beginne tooccap : mben* 
 as neither me haue mooos convenient fojbuiloing.noj pet tljcreare notoe a Dapcs, as there 
 mere in doe time, trees call upon our Qjojes bp tfjc benefite of the fea, mljiclj map in anp fo jt re* 
 Iieue bs : neither Doe outlanoiflj fperchants fuccour our neceffttics : mhereupon manp of our 
 meanett coumrep billage3 arc much oecapeo from their aunctent integritie , fame mhereof he 
 fallen to tbe grouno , ano others bee uerp ruinous . BottoottbttatiDing tljere be manp farmes 
 ano billages mhiclj 33 cannot eafilp reckon bp, tlje builoings mljereof Doe refemblethataunci* 
 ent etcellencie, ttje boufes being betp large, botlj in bjeaotb ano length , ano fo? the mott part 
 farljeigbtalfo, asfojerample : farmes o? granges mbiclj conteinecbambcrsintljem,moje 
 tbenfifiiecubites in length, tenne in bjeaotlj,arc> tmentie in height. 9nD fo other roomes,as 
 aparler,afloue,abutterie ,$c. anfmermginpjopojition bnto the former. 31 coulo here name 
 msitp of our countrie builoings both large anD luioe , neither ilfauoureo in ffjeuie , no? bafe in 
 regaroe of their mojkemanfljip ano coftlpmineneffeojttrengtb.mith ccrtaine Cljtircljes alfo, 
 cj religious Ijottfes built of timber onclp, atcojamrt, toauncientanDarttficiall feemclineffe ana 
 beautie : as tlje CatljeDjall Ctjurcb of Holen bauing a boDie the fitte pillars tobercvf on both foes 
 befouteelncshigb>ana about Sue ernes tlji eke, as alfo beames anD meathcr-bouroes , ano the 
 reft of tbe roofe p?cpo?tionallp anfinertng to this lomer builoing. © ur mott gracious King JLojto 
 Frederick,mboiemcmo?p is moft facreo bnto bs.in tlje pcre 1 5 88,DiD mott liberallp bettom tim* 
 becfo]! tlje reeoifping of tljisbcop being cafl oomne in tlje pere 1 5 S^.bp anljojrible trmpett.ijtic 
 the Cburclj it felfeDotbmanifcttlpercceotheboDp thereof in allquatititp: alfo tlje inner part of 
 the Cfjurcimijicb is cbmmonip calico thequiec is fommbat leffe,botlj then the miDDle part of tbe 
 Churcb, ano alfo then tlje bofcic. 
 ^be£burcb of Schalholt mas farce greater as 3! banc bearo in oloe time, then this our 
 
 Ccc enthcoj&a 
 
 Munftmi*. 
 Kninmus. 
 Fnliu), 
 
 ■Crflffffte tDitfi 
 tile ycciplc of 
 JjiojWap cca» 
 tctjl. 
 
 D'.ift U'ooo 
 not fa plcuci* 
 
 f;ill nmu, as m 
 times pad. 
 
578 
 
 TlieEnglifh Voyages, Tbetrueftateofjjland* 
 
 Krantiiiis. 
 Mwflcrus. 
 
 £atljeo?a!l , toljfclj bauing noto beene ttoife burnt , is thought to a leffer framling. Hiketoife 
 there be fome other Cljurctjes of oar Slano , altboucjb not matching , pet refembling the aun« 
 cient magnificence of tbjfe, 15ut here the matter feemctbnot to require that % Jboulorunne 
 into a long oefcription of tbefe things, jfo? as toee ooenot great!? ertoll our boufes anD 
 imiloings, fo are toe nothing afijameo of tljcm: becaufe being content toitb our poucrtte.toe 
 renaetbnto Cij?tttimmo?tallp?apretoboDefpifctbuotto bereceitteoof bs bnoer a baferoofe, 
 ano contemnetb not our temples ano boufes, (taljtcrj Munfter , Krantzius ano Frifius boe not 
 truelpafftrmetobe built of fiiljes ano au&alea bones )mo)etbeat!je marble baults, the pain* 
 teotoalles, tbe fquare pauementes, ano fucblikeomamentesof Churches ano {joules in o« 
 ther countries. 
 
 Tbe third fettion. 
 
 They and their cattell vie all one houfe , all one foode or victuals, all one flate ( here Kranu 
 z,ms hath it lodging.) Alfo. They Hue onely by feeding of cattell, and fometimes by 
 takiag of fifties. 
 
 T^efe be tbe things together toitljtljofetbat follotoe, tobicb Krantzius (jathcrjampeD.anB 
 put into Munftersmjutb,fo that Munder (ball not netbe fomucbasonceto cbetoetbcm, 
 toljtcb map appearebp comparing tbcm both together. Jfoj Munfter, as bee ftoallotoeo tbefe 
 rrpjoches, taking them out of Krantzius bis preface bpon Norway , fo be catteth bp tbe be« 
 rie fame models bnoigelleo ano ratoe againtt our nation, in bis fourth boolte of Cofmogra* 
 pbie cap. 8. djofe things tobicb baue beene hitherto , altbougb u)ep baue fufficiemlp grteucn 
 bs , pet tofll toe let tbem feeme mo?e tollerable : but this moft maliticus deuife, ano tljofe tohiclj 
 folloto toe cannot eaftlp b?ooke. 3tisourparttberefo?eintbisiilacealfoio auoucbtbetruetb, 
 ano to tttrne tbe leafing bpon the authors otone bean. 
 
 Houfe, &c. jFttfl, that tobicb tljep fap concerning tbe fame common rjottfe ( as alfo litting, 
 ano flate ) toitb our cattell, toe platnelp affirme to be falfe ano erronious s not onelp tbe trutrj 
 it felfe being our toitnefle, if anp man toottlc make triall , but alfo tlje erperience of manie 
 Grangers, that baue liueo fomepceresamongfibs, anoljauemo?e minoe to fpcaketbe truetf) 
 then to reuile our nation i tobo bauefcene our boufes ano babitattonstotth theii' otone et>eia 3 ano 
 knetoc that in euerp particular farme o?graunge there toeremanp feuerallroomes x wmclp, 
 intbofethattoeremettfimpleano bafr,fcueno? eight: 3n others tobicb toere greater, fomc 
 times tenne.anofomctimesttoentie* 3|n tlje greater! fometimrs fo?tte, ano fometimes fifcte. 
 ffilibtch to? tbe mott part being feutreo, both bproofes ano toalles,ooeferue fo?theoa£lpano 
 bnufholo affaires of cneotoner o? matter, feloome of ttooo? tb?ee,butalmottneuerof mo^e: 
 toberettpon tbe Heaoer map eaftlp iuoge, botoetrue itistbattbeju'anoers ano their cattell 
 baue all one houfe to lie in , 'when euerp bufbanoman in this barietic of roomes hath feuerall 
 ore-fialles,(rjeepe-cotes, Cables, lambes-cotsfeparateoinoifferentfpaces one from another, 
 tobicb the ferur.nts goe bnto fo oftasneeoerequiretb, ano from tbence returnebacke to (be 
 Otoelling boufes. 
 
 ^ut toljereas one noteo in bis asjappe of 3flano, concerning tlje p?oumce of Skagefiord, 
 
 that vnder the fame roofe, men, dogges, fwine and flieepe Hue all together , it is partlp falfe, 
 
 ano partlp no maruell : fo? (beepe, as it bath beetle fapoe, ano fpcciallp fo? ftoinc (tutjen as tbat 
 p?ouinccbatbuoftoineatall)itisbttcrlpfalfe: fo?oogges it is no maruell, toben asnotktngs 
 courts toereeuer,o? at tbtsoapare eeQttuee of them,asuiStoeIlknotocn to all men. %\xt as 
 touching oogges aftettoaro in the fcuentb fection. 
 
 Vi6tuals,&c.CHbrtberbeaflsmeatemapfitIp bctermcobp tbe name of Viflus, a man map 
 tufllp ooubt : toben Doletus interpreting a peece of Tullie, faitb : 3s fo? Viclus (faptb be ) toee 
 toill fo crpouno it toitb tbe Ciuilians , namelp that toe comp jebeno bnoer the too?o of Viftus all 
 things nectlTarie fo? the life of man, as meate,D?infee, attire of tlje booie, &c. 9no Vlpianus de 
 verborum fignincatione oefinetb VicKus in tbe bcrp fame too?os. 15ut in tljis place tbe faioe au* 
 tljo?s call bcalis meate Ip tbe name of Viftus. 
 
 •But let bs fee tobat truetb ano plaine Dealing is to be fottno in tljefe men. S2Je batte no Ia« 
 bcurttig cattell befioesbo?fes ano oretu tljefe baue graffe ami bap (ercept tobere Ijape is toan s 
 ting) fo? their foooer,anotoater too?inke. jj2oto,tbeberpfameto?itersconfe!le, that tbe 
 31(lanoers lute bp fiftj , butter, fleu) both beefe, ano mutton , ano co?ne a!fo, though it bee 
 fcarce , ano b?ought out of other countrteB.^bEtefo?e tfjep baue not the fame foobe toitb h?ute 
 
 beatts, toljicb nottoubftanfws tbe fapoe to?iters affirme in tbefetoo?oes: 
 
 They 
 
 
The trueflate ofJJland. Traffiques,6c Difcoueries. 579 
 
 They and their cactcllvfc ail one victuals or food. (inOitfMunlters meaning 13 in tblgclatlfe, 
 Ije ^imfclfe a little befoje Ijaclj piainelp taugbt. 
 
 Jfland ( faitlj be ) conteineth many people lining onely with the food of cattcll,and fome- 
 titnes by taking of filhcs.lSut toijat elfc is tbe fooD of cattcll, but tlje meat of cattcll , fiitth Do- 
 letus": (Unleffe pcrljapa Muniter calletlj tbe fooo of cactell, cattcll tljemfelucs flaine fo? tbe fcooe 
 of men: unjoin, as 31 cbinkctljc ofc of tljclatine tongue Dotlj gainefap, toljiclj batb taugbt os tbat 
 as men doc cate,fo beafts do feeDe, ano batlj termeo tlje bictuals of men.ano tbe fooD o? foccer of 
 Wttel.Ti5ut map 3 tbinke tbat Munfterano Krantzius toere fo mac as to imagine tbat tbe Jfian* 
 Dersliue bpaugraffe ano bap 1 : Eotbt's paffe of miferte toas Nabuchodonozor b?ougljt onoergQ' 
 ingtbc poke of (Sods ocugeance : Daniel 4. verf.30.flHe toil! eafilp graunt tbat beafljs,anc cat' 
 tell toill not perbaps refute manp tljtngs, , tobicb men not onelp of our counttep but of pours alfa 
 eace,if c!jc faice beatte bewflituteof tljeir tifuall fooo: asljo?Ces arefcooe toitlj co?ne ano bavlej* 
 loaues : tbep toill D?inkc milke alfo (like onto calttes ano lambcs) ano ale, if it be pjofftreo tijem, 
 anc tbat grecoilp, Sine oogges in like manner toill oeuour anp Deititp Difijes toljatfoeuer. figjap a= 
 np man tberefo?e fap tbat men ofe tlje fame common victuals toitb oogges ano rjDjfeg \ 
 
 j!2oto,toljatfocuer tbings Ijatte bappeneD in tbe time of grtettotts famine ougbt not to be reco?* 
 BCDinijiftajtcfoj tbe generallcuftoitieofanp countrep, 3s it is not iatefull fo? bstoto?itc con* 
 cerning otljer nations, tbat tbe people of tbis 0? tbat ocuntrte, Doe isfuallp Uue bp eattng of cogs, 
 mife, cat5,aItbougbperbapg in tbe time of famine o?fcigeo?oeartlj of co?ne, tbcpbaue often 
 bene conffraineD fo to toe, 
 
 10ut tbat tbe Came D?inkc is fome times common to manp men toitb beaffs,toe te^ll not greatlp 
 gainefap : namelp moflpure toatcr,tljat naturallD ?inkc createD bp ©oDfo? all liut'ng creatures: 
 tobicb alfb in fome refpect IprjiOetang Doe commence, pca,neitljertbe patriarkes tbemfeates, 
 no; our fauiottr £!j?itt Dcfpifeo it. 
 
 3s touebmg apparell (fo? toe compjebeno apparell alfo oncer tbe name of Vi<5tus)it is no toife 
 common to tos toitlj beafts. jfo? uature Ijatb clao tljem toitb baires $ buttles (as 3 Dare fap Mun- 
 Jlcr ano Krantzius cannot be ignorant) men, being ocbcrtoifenakco ,uanoeinneeDe of clotljejs 
 to couer tljeir booies. But 3 bao not tljougbt it mtgbt tljerefoje bauc p ?operIv beeue fapee, tbat 
 fijeepe ano toe banc all one apparell. spen of otbec countries* alfo locate clotb of ftjeepes toooll, 
 aMjouab it Le mo?eftnelpto;tougbt.13ut no mo?e concerning tlje attire of tbe booie, JFt?itisa 
 meere follp to feeke fo; jnaifc , ano ambitious reputation bp tljat, tobtcb arguetlj tbe infirmitie 
 ofour nature. 
 
 State,&c. jftoto, itremainctbtbattoeujoulDfprakeoftljatffate, tobicb toe arefapotoljaue 
 common luitlj bcatf s i but of tobatkinoe 0} maner it tboulo be, 0? out tojiters tooulo bauc it to be, 
 3 cannot cafilp Dtfcerne.^itate (faptb Dolecus)is eitljer of tlje boop, 0; of caufes,o? of jocr ana 
 coiiDitton. Doubtleffc, tbat tbere is anotber Bate of our booies tljcn cf beatt0 (fo j beftoes our tttio 
 feet,toe Ijauc bancs alfo,ano go toitb our booieis, ano countenances lift bpjigbt) ano tbat toe be of 
 anotljeroperanoconcitionfromtbcm, toeareoerilpperftoaoeo. Sofo^tljefegooofellotocs, if 
 tbepknoto anpfuclj matter bptbcmftlues 0? otbers, let tbem oifclofeit, £2Jcooeaitaget!jec 
 fco?ne tljefe, bcingfoOaine tbings , ano b?ecoing fo great contempt againtt tbe fpaieilp of (Soo 
 our creato?,neitber 00 toe ooucljfafe tbem anp larger oifcourfe. 
 
 ■Sat becaufe it is our cuetp not fo Ijigljlp to rcgaro eitber tbe loue ofour countrep, 0? of anp 0* 
 tber tljing toljatfoeuer, but tbat toe map be reacp at all times,ano in allplaces, to giue truetlj tbe 
 pi t Ij cm ine nee : 3 toill fap in a too jd toljat tljat toas toljiclj pcrljaps migbt mint Scr occafion ta 
 ujis infamous rep jocb of to?iterg, 
 
 ^Lljere be neteunto Schalholc, upon tbe &outb ftjo?e of Ifland, tb?ee fmallpariilies danDino; 
 bettoeene ttoomoflfmift riuersThiorfaa, ano Olfwis Aa , being in a maner DeCitutebotbof 
 toooaancturfe, toljicljtstbeaccullcmeDfetoeUoftbe countrep. anoaltbougbmottoftljemba- 
 bitants of tljefe pariftjes, ano fome oftbeir ncigljbours, astbcpcoeintimeofpccre p?outoeall 
 tljingsneceuarpfo?bouujoloe,foerpeciallptbofe tbings tobtclj belong to fires ano batljes : not= 
 toitbttanDingtbcrebe certaine among tbem of tbe bafett fo?t of people, toljo, becaufe tljep toane 
 tbofe tbings at borne, anoarenotabletopjoutoe tbem from otljer places, are conttraiueotoiife 
 flratofo; tlje Djefftng of tljctr meat. ISuttoljmtbefljarperigojoffnotopMintercommetljon, 
 tbefe poo?c people betake tbem to tbeir ore ttalles,^ tljcre fetting up fljeos,? Doing tljeir necetfarp 
 bufineffe in tbeoap time.toben tljep are not able to makefireiS.tbep bojroto rjeatfrom tljeir oren, 
 8sit batb beene repojteo to mee bp otljers ; 3no fo tbep onelp, being aerie fetoe in numbcr,Doe 
 not toilltnglp entopf, but are conUrapneo to ofe tbe fame common boufe toitb tbeir oren. Vvi 
 fo? tljeir liuelib^ooe ano Hate it is farce otbertoife toitb tbtmtben toitb tljeir oren, of toljiclj 
 tying 3 baueentreateo befoje, yfyms tlje lot, ?pottertie of tertaitte men in tljofepcttte parities, 
 
 & c c a tlje 
 
5 8o 
 
 
 Krsotiius. 
 Munfkms. 
 
 Cojneof olt> 
 tiin.-cuottMiig 
 in 3IU11D. 
 
 MimRcrus. 
 Kranciius. 
 
 <Zbt orcntioii 
 of the firft m* 
 Jjabmngof 
 jtflanti bp tfjc 
 people of JiYoi' 
 map. 
 
 Haquinu* coro- 
 niius. 
 
 ■ .1-1 ■ 
 
 The Englifri Voyages, Tbe trueftate oflfland. 
 
 tijL conouion thereof istberetoje mane a common bp-tobjoe of ttje people amongtt us .though 
 fcmeuihat iniurtouflp. ffittljere 3 tooulo ttiillmglp Dcmauno toithtnbat boncwemen can tin* 
 pute that Unto tlje toljole uattcit , tobicb is (jam ano fkantl? true of tljcfc fetoe pooje ment 
 31 am ujcaric taflap anp longerin tfyti matter : onelp , becattfe 3! baue to Doe toit& £>iu:nes, 
 let that of SalomonfufficejProuerbsiy. verfc 5,Heethatmockeththe poore , reprochetb. 
 him that made him. 
 
 9no inberp Deeoe, becaufe this our nation is noine, ano heretofore hath beene pooje ano 
 neeoie,anDasitUJcrea begger amongettmanp rich men, itbatbfutteineDfa manp taunt? ami 
 fcoffesof Oranger*. Outlet tbem take beeoetobom tbep Upbjaioe, SJerelp rf tbere toereno. 
 tljing elfe common unto us toitbthjm, pet me botbeonfitt of the fame element?, ano baue all 
 oncfat!jerano($otu 
 
 The fourth fetlion. 
 
 Thcyleade their Hues inholyfimplicitie, notfecking any more then nature doeth afforde. 
 A happie Nation , whofe pouertie no man doth cnuie. Bur the Englifh and Daniih mer- 
 chants fuffer not the nation to be at reft, who frequenting that councrey to tranfport fifli- 
 in° , haue conueighed thither our vices , together with their manifolde wares. For nowe, 
 theyhaue learned to brew their watef with Come, andbeginne todefpife, and loath the 
 drinking of faire water. Now they couec golde and filuer like vnto our men, 
 
 Qlmplicitie^cc.3l am erceeDingIpgIaD,tbat the commenoation of holp wnplicittei? gittenbnto 
 Ous. Trrnt it grieuetb us that there i? founofo great aoecap of iuftice, ano gooo lames, ano 
 fo great leant of gouernement amongtt us, which is the raufe of manp thoufanoe bapnous 
 offences : torjtcl) a n boneft anB goalp men Boe continually bemaplc, &bts inconuenience Dotfj 
 not happen through, the negligence of tbebigbettSpagiflrate, tbati?,ofour moll gracious 
 Sing , but rather bp our oume fault : iuho Doe not pjefent tbefe tbinge? unto bis Spaicttie, 
 toljich are Difojoerlp commttteo mitljout bis knotoleoge, ano tobic(j are teaming in the infe* 
 riouc Sg)agiftrate. 
 
 Merchants, gg)o?eouer,giJercbant? , not onelp of England ano Denmarke, but cfpeciallp of 
 Germanie, as at tin? time, fo heretofore frequenting ourcountrep,not to trantpojt fifbing, 
 but filbes, taught not 3lflanoers the arte of burning come toitb toattr.for p 5 jft^Uagiang tbem= 
 fclues, the firff.to our knotoleoge , t&at inhabited thi? 3]lanD , fro tohom p jflanDer? are linealh> 
 nefccn^eu.bjought toitb tbem out of Norway that artels alfo goloe anuQlner coine,fo tljat in olo 
 time tbcre toa? no leffeufe of Bluer ano goloe teitb. us, then ttjere is at this Dap* 
 
 Sns it is cercatne that before the often nauigations of Danes, (Germans, ano (Englifb men 
 Unto us, our lano toa? much moje fertile then notoe it is ( feeling the inconueniencesof the 
 ageB ano oecapeu toojloe , both from heauen ano earth ) ano b jougbt foojtb, in certaint cljopfe 
 places, come in abunoance. 
 
 The fift fettwn. 
 
 The King of Denmarke and Norway fendeth euery yeere a Lieutenant into the Court- 
 ney. 
 
 IJI2 the peerc of our JLojd eight hunojcDfojtieanoCice ^>aralo #rfr/^ (tofjichts tofap,goI- 
 oen bains 0? faire clocfces) teas bo?ne, eahuafterUjaro intbepeere eight rjtmD?co fiftieano 
 eight, being ebofen king ofNorway,tohenbetoas groUjentoage.anufuilCrength, chaungeu 
 tbefojmeoftbe ji5o?uagian gouetnment, jFo? ttbereas before it teas DtutDeo into pettie p?o= 
 uinces(UJbicbt'.)epcalIeof)%anD tljepettieftingstljatgouerneDtbem, Fylkisk?»g*)ty reon« 
 ceo it bp fojee of armes unto a S^onarchic, T5\xt toben feme inhabitants ofttje countrie , being 
 mtgbtie, ano oefcenoeo of gooo parentage? , coulo not totll b?oofec this baro Dealing , tljcp cbofe 
 rather tobebaniOjeD tijeir countrep,tbennotto make off tbe poke of tp?annp. Ktberctipon, 
 tbep in the pcere aboue namcD eight bunDjco fcuentie ano foure, tranfpo?teo colonies into 3flantt 
 being before Difcoucreu bp fome men ano founoout, butunpeopleoaspet: 9nofo being tbe 
 8rtt founocrs of our nation , tbep calleD tbcmfelues 3lvTanoers, tobicb nsme their poftcritie re» 
 teinetb unto this Dap. gnu therefore the JflanDera liuco a longtime, namelp, tb?ee b"no?eB 
 eighticanDCrepeeres,mo?e ojlefrc,atknotoleDgingno fubmiffiontoanp other Ration. 9no 
 aIthoughHaquinustbatcrotoneDJ!JingofNorway,UjhoreigneDlongeflof anp |5ojuagtfln king, 
 namelp, aboueuTtiefitepeares^Diooftentimesattemptbp 9mbatTaDours to make the Jiflan* 
 Ders become tributaries unto him, nottoitbflanDing at all times tbep conltantip witbfiooDebim, 
 tfllatlengtbaboutthe peereofouriojB 1360, tbep ptrfojmeo yomage Unto bim, SnD after. 
 
. i i ■ i *■* -- ■«■— *— >^— — «^ — ■y^— *^** MM —* ■— — ^— ii ■ i i mi i ■!■■ . 
 
 The trueftate offjland. Traffiques & Difcoueries. % 8 1 
 
 WarD continued aluaapes in tbs.tr pjoiBited lapaltie, being fubtccts to the king of Norway. n £ut 
 now at tins nap, fincetbe Cmpite of tbe|3owagians toais tranflatco bp Margaret ©tiecne of 
 Denmarke, Sucdcland, and Norway Ditto the Danes,tbcp Doe honour as their folteraigne &a JO 
 OlD JKUlg t^e moH gracious king of Denmarke. 
 
 Thefixt fettioa. 
 All things are common among them except their wiues. Kranti'in 
 
 MunftctuJ. 
 
 HCtC Kraritzius in tbe grt! place btginnetb With fuclj agpbf .There be many notable things 
 in their manners ,&c a9o?eouer,pour Wit being too bate in affirming things bnknoWen, 
 both Ijere alfo Deminilb pour crcntte* %\)Z experience as well of all things as of pcrfons ana 
 times pjouetb pour ouer greeoie oefire of nouclcie , of fame anb baine-glo jie, ano arguetlj pour 
 great negligence in maintaining the truth. £> wojtbp totters. 
 
 15ut Whether the afojefapoe things beetrue ojno , tout call the lawesof otic Cotmtrep to 
 Witneffe, which the Siflanbers from the beginning hauebfeo all one with the jaojwapes: of 
 lijeiStngandhis fubtects: of the Ceateof iuftice,ano of law-cafes which come to bedecibeo 
 there: of inheritances : ofaooptions J marriage0,theft,erto}tions,lenDing ) bargaines ) anDtbe 
 reQ tall Which) to whatpurpofe fhoulotbepbeentopneo bntotbem with Whom all tblngs ate 
 common *: £de call to Witncffe fo many bjoples ano contentions in our courts , ano places of 
 utbgementm 3lHano concerning goods mooueable, amiimmooueable : We call to Witncffe our 
 kings, now of Denmarke, afojetime of Norway, whobp fomanp billes of fupplication out of 
 3 (land in olo time, anb of late heme b«ne often interrupted, fojtlje retting thjougb of contro-- 
 uerfies concerning poffeffions, 2&tce call Krantzius himfelfe to witncffe againtt himfelfr, 
 
 WhofC toOJOS in the firff fection Were tljefC.Bcfore the recciuing of Chriftian faith the Iflanders 
 liuing according to the lavve of nature did not much differ from our lawe, &c, 31f bp the laWe 
 
 of nature, then ooubtleffe bp that lawe of tuQice, which giuethto euerp nun his ownc : 3lf bp 
 rtjelawe of iuttice, tljen certainelp dimnciions of properties ano poffefliong mull neeoes baue ta» 
 kenplacein our jSation: ano although this berplawe is often tranfgreCfeo, ano that hapnouHp 
 tucn in the Church : notwithttanaing botij the Cljurt&, ano alfo ^eat^en men boe acknowledge 
 fciobemoffutQanogooo, 
 
 TkeftHcnthfeftioit. 
 
 They make all one reckoning of their whelpes, and of their children : except that of the poo- 
 rer fort you fhall eafier obtaine their fonue then their fhalke. 
 
 Although in the beginning oftljis ©reattfe 3! thought that Mimftcr anb other men of great 
 name in tboCe things Which the? haue left Written concerning aflanne , were not to bee 
 charged with flander, pet Whether that fauour map here be Cheweo bp srp man whatfteucr (be 
 iieneiierfo fauoucable, aitoneuerfo ftneere) 31 noe not fufficientlp concede. Jfo^wbacfbouloi 
 moutfuch great men .following the defpightfull Ipes, and fables ef mariners, to defame ana 
 ftaine our nation With fo ho?nb!e anb fo tbamefull a repjocb "t fimrelp nothing elfe but a 
 tareletfe licentioufnefie to Deride anb contemne a pooje ano bnknoWen Ration , anb fuclj ocljer 
 like bices, 
 
 . ^ut, be it knoWen to all men that this bntructh both not fo much hurt to the SJfiaadcrs, as to 
 the autbo js themfelues, # o j m heaping bp tljis, ano a great number of others into their JIpt(to= 
 ties, the? caufe tbctr crebite in other places alfo to be fufpecteb: ano berebp the? gainethus 
 much(as Ariftode fapthj that When thepipeakettuethnomanWillbelecue them Without fu« 
 fpition. 
 
 15ut attend aWljile (Header) anb conttoer With me the grauitic anb Wifebome of tbcfe great 
 darkest that We map not let paffc fuch a notai'lecommenoatton of 3Dflanb. Krantzius ano Mun- 
 
 fterljaue hitherto taught, that the Wanders arc Chriftians . Alfo: that before the recciuing of 
 Chriftian faith they lined according to the lawe of nature. Alio : that the Iflanders liued af- 
 ter a law not much differing from the lawe of the Germanes. Alfo , that they liued in holy 
 fimplicitie, 
 
 attend 31 fap (goob ft eaoer) ano confioer .What markes of Cbjifitanitic, of the law of nature, 
 of tbe ©ermanes law, of faalpfotrpucttie, tbcfe authors rciutirr,ano wbatmarkestbepujew ano 
 DtfcribeintbeSflauDers. ^hcrcWasont cf tbefapo matkes before: namelp,that the 3iflatibcrs 
 boe plate hell o? tlje pjifouof tbe oamneb, within the gulfe anb bottome of mount Hecla: 
 tonterning Which, reaoe the tuft fection of tbispart, ano the feucnth fection of the fomier. She 
 feconoe marke is , that with tlje Snabaptilts tbep take awap oiQinctirjnS of pjopertiess 
 
 C c c 3 aw* 
 
5gz THeEnglifti Voyages,. The trueftate ofljlanL 
 
 anD potTcfTtond : in tbe fection nert goingbefoje. %\fi, thtroano mott ercEUemtstht's : thofe 
 lingular fjt natural! affections, t Ija t low ano tenoer care, a no that k t her Ip ano goclp minor of trje 
 Sjflanoers totoarDjstrjcir cbilDjen, namclp tljat thep make the fame accoinpt or them, o; lefle 
 then thep ooe of their oogges. Wpttft saiHMunfter ano Krantzius after this fafbion picture 
 
 OUCOlUObS thclawofChrifl,thelaweof nature, the lawe of the Germanes.and holyfim- 
 
 plicitic ^ © rare ano excellent picture , though not altogether matching the fkill of Apelles: © 
 Ibarpe ano toonoerfull inucntion , if authentically © knctoleoge mojc then humane, though, 
 not at all oiuine. 
 
 ■Sut toee 3lflanoers (albeit the fartbett of all nations ano inhabiting a frozen clime ) re* 
 quite farre other notes of Chuflianitie. Jftytoe haue the commaunoement of <8oo, that t- 
 uerpman Iboulo loue his neighbour as himfelfe, if23toe tljere is none (3 fuppofe ) thatooettj 
 not loue 0} ettecme moje of himfelfe then of his oogge. ano if there ought to bee fo great fiu 
 uour,fo great eftimation ,fo great loue bnto our neighbour , tbenhoto great affection ooe toee 
 otoe bnto our chilo?en , t %\)i matt neareanoinfeparable loue of tobom, befoes that nature 
 ha;hmott frienolp fetleo in our minces, the loue of <£oo alfo cemmanoctb bs to hauefpeciall 
 regaro intrapning them by ( Exod.t2.j4. Ephef.6,4.) namelp , that there map be in holp 
 marriage certaine feminartes cf <£oos Churcj}, ana erercifes of all pietie ano rjoneftte : acco j* 
 Ding to the excellent Taping of thc]|3oec, 
 
 God will haueeachfamily , 
 alitleChurchtobc. 
 Sllfo Of humane life ot mans focietie, 
 
 a Schole or College is holy matrimonii 
 
 %\)M it map be manifett , that among Clnittians their fonnes are mo?e to be accompceo 
 of ano regaroeo, then tfceir oogges : ano if anp Ooe no otfjertoife elieemeof them, chat the? 
 are no Chjiflians. 
 
 33ttt this naturall affection totoaroe our mott oeare of-fpjtng is plainelp feene in the flea* 
 then themfcliies : that tohemfoeuer pott totally oep?iuc of this, poti ocnie them alfo to bee 
 men. ^hc mothers of Carthage tettifietbistobetruc.tohen as tnthe ttjtco punt'c toarrethe 
 mottchopie ano gallant poung men in all the Citie lucre fenc as pleoges into Sic ilia, tofjont 
 thep follotoeo bnto thefhippes toitbmott mtferable toeeping ano lamentation, ano fome of 
 them being toitlj griefe feparateo from tljetc oeare fonnes, tohen thep fame the faples hopfefl, 
 ano the Ihippes Departing out of the hauen , to? her? anguifb cafl themfelues heaofong into the 
 toatcr: as Sabellicus toitneffeth. EgarusobtbtcCifte this, tuljo tohen (jee fatoei&e fljippe of 
 his fonne Thefeus, returning out of Creece toitb blacke Caples, thinking that bis fume faao 
 penfljfo, enoeobis life in chencrttoaters: Sabeil, lib. 5. cap.4.Gordianustheeloer,p?o« 
 tonfttlof Affrica, ooth tefiifie this, toholiketoife,bpou rumojs of the Death of bis fonne, hangeo 
 himfelfe. Cam poful. lib. y . cap. 7. 3lfo Iocafla the Daughter Of Creon , Auftolia Daughter 
 of Simon , AniusJKtagof the 'Cbufcans, Orodes fting of the partisans, ano an infinite num* 
 bcr of others. Concerning tohomreaoe Plutarch flat, lib, 2. ano ether authors $c, 3Co tbefe 
 map be aooeo that fentence, Loue defcendeth, &c S>o that pou fee, it is no leffe proper to a 
 man entirelp to loue his chilojen, tljen fo? a biro toflie : tljat if our testers at anp time haue 
 confefleo the 3!flanocrs to be men ( much leffe to be eEbjittians) thep mutt, toill thep nill thep, 
 afcribe bnto them this loue ano affection totoaroes their chilojen: jf not, thep ooe not onelp 
 take from them the title ano oignitte of men , but alio ( hep oebafe them bnor r euerp bjute beaff> 
 toln'ch eucn bp the inttinct of nature are bouno to it h erceeoing great Io uc, ano tenner affection to* 
 toaros their poung ones. 
 
 31 toill not aDDeagamffthfeujatneleffebtttrttt&mott notable eramples of our otone eountrep* 
 men : 31 toill omit our Iatoes of tnan-ttealing, moje ancient then the attanocrsthanfclues, be* 
 ingreceiueofrom the jJ5o?uagians. anoareertant inourbooite of Iatoes bnoer the title Man- 
 helge cap. y, COhofocuer felletlj a freeman (anp man much mo je a fonne) bnto ttrangers jc, 
 
 jfioto if anp man be onuen to that haro fo ? tune, that he mutt nee ds commit bis otone fonne in* 
 to the Ijanos of fome inhabitant j Granger, being fygeo thereunto bp famine, ojanpotljer er* 
 treame ncceffttp, that he map not be conttraineo to fee him bungerttarueo fo; toant of fatten ance, 
 but kee peth his oogge ttiil fo; bisotone eating , tljis man is not to be fapo , that he cQcemeth c* 
 quallp ojmojebafelpofhis fonne tljenofljisoogge : together 31ttanoerso; anp other couutrep* 
 men do the fame, 
 cot otMfiBti ^ e ®ennatK j the Danifh mariners might perhaps fino amongtt OS certaine beggars laoen 
 of t&iB atnisi. totth cljilDjcntTfoi toe haue here a great number of them ) tobo in letting maner fo? thep are tnucb 
 
 giuen 
 
 
The true flak offjhnd* Traffiques,& Diicoueries. 583 
 
 giucn to trifling talke> might fap : ©iuemetbts, 0^ fell me cljac : auomhcnthearangernjotrto 
 afke, aailjac luill pati giuc me foj t'c'; the begger might anfoicre; 31 haueteno?fotircternerbil* 
 D^en, 31 tuid giue pou fome one oj. moje of tljem, pc. £01 tljis rabble of bcggers Dfrclj tljus ftmo« 
 lp to pjate tn:tb Grangers, jfroto if there be aup toirll Bifpofeo man, lufjo pitping tbe neeD ana fol= 
 lp of tljefe beggerS, rcleafetb them of one fonne, ano ootb fo? (Sofia fake b? fome mcanes pjouioe 
 io}\)im in another countrcp : Botlj t!je beggec therefore (mho together tuitb bis Tonne being rea« 
 up to Die foj bunger ano pouertp, pccloeth ano committetlj bis fonne into tlje bancs of a in:rcifull 
 man) make lelte account of bis fonne tijeu of bis Dogge ■; Smcb tno?ks of Iotte ano mcrciebaue 
 bene pcrfo jmeb bp manp, afmell 3|u*an;icrs tbcmfelues as Orange rs : one of mljicb number teas 
 that honourable man Acciliuslulius, being tent bptljcmoit gracious EiugcfDciimarke into 
 Ifland in tbepereof our Hojd 1 5 5 2, mbo, as 31 Ijaue bcarp,tocke,anD carrieo mitlj bint into Den- 
 marke fiftene pooje bopes : toljcre af ccrmarB it loas ccpojteo bnto me, tbat bp ljis gcoo meancs 
 eucrp one ofrhem being bounu to afeueralltraoe, p?oueago2DanDtb?iftiemen. 
 
 2aHjat if fome man be Bnuen to tbat paffe, tbat be ootb not enelp fell bislonne, but not finning 
 a cljapman,bis otone felfe killet!j ano catetb bim "-. tramples of tbis kinoc be common,namelp of 
 the unwilling ano fojxeo crueltp of parents totoaros their cIjilB?en,not being pjickeD on thwugb 
 bate,o?manrofnaturall affection, but being compeHeD thereunto bpbjgentnecevTitp, !§>balla» 
 np man hereupon grottno a general! rep joclj agamic a tebole nation S CClc reaoe tbat in the ficge 
 of Samaria, two mothers fletn tbeirfonues,auD eat tbcm fonoen ; 4.King,chap.6, C2Ie reaoe in 
 tbe Bcge of Icrufalcm,boto lanitntable t!;eboice of tl;at biCtelfeo motber iuas,being about to kill 
 bertcnoercbiloe : My fsveecbabe,faptbuje (fo? 31 toil! report Eufebius otonc mops, concerning 
 this matter, though berp common, tbat tbc affection of a mother map appcare) bometomiferie 
 
 andmithap, for whom fhould I conuenientlyreferue thee in this tumult offamine, ofwarrc, 
 and fedition ? If wc be fubdued to the gouernment of theRomans,we ihall weare out our vn- 
 happydayes vnder rhe yoke of flauery. But I thiuke famine will preuentcaptiuicy. Befides, 
 there is a rout of feditious rebels much more intollerable then either ofthe former miferies. 
 Comeon therefore, my fonne, be thou meat vnto thy mothcr,a fury to thefe rebels, and a by- 
 Word in the common life of men , which one thing oncly is wanting to make vp the calami- 
 ties of the Iewes, Thefe fayings being ended, fhckilleth her fonne, roafiingand eating one 
 haIfe,andreferuingthcother,8cc. Ehfet'iuslikj.capJ. jftoto.tohatmantoillnotbeleeuetbat 
 
 tbis bnbappp motber wcuId full glaedp Ijaue paffen otter this bet fonne into tbe poffeflton of fome 
 matter 0.1 chapman , if (he coulD hatte bappeneDbpon aup fuel) , lnitlj b>bom fije tbottgbc he miglje 
 baue beene pjcfertteo *; Chat famine is toell knotoen mbiclj oppjetTeo Calagurium , a citp of 
 Spaine.tobenin olBetime Caeius Pompeius lapeo liege tbeteunto (Valerius lib.7.cap.7.)tbe Ct-- 
 ti?ens mljereof conuertco tbetr toiues ano chito jen into meat fo j tbe fatiffping of their er trcame 
 bunger, whom oouutletTet hep ttoulo ait hall their hearts bauefoloefojctber bictuals. <Eljat 
 famine alfo is tocll knotoen tobtch in tlje pere of our JLojti 85 1 (Vincent.lib.2 5,cap.26.) afflicteo 
 Germany, tnfbmuchtbat tlje father luasglab to oeuoure bis otone fonne. 3|tis toellknotoen af= 
 ter tbe ceatb of the Cmperour Henry tbe feuentb.inafamine continuing tb?cctoboIcperes,bom 
 tbc parents tooulo oeuoure tbeir cljilojen , ano the cbilojcn their parents , ano that efpeciallp in 
 Polonia ano Bohemia, 9notbatttJe map not onelp allege ancient eramples : ttisrepo^tentbat 
 tbert mas fucb a grieuousoeartbofcojne in the peeres 1586, ano 1587, tljojotuout Hungary, 
 tbat fame being compelleo fo?. tnant of footi mere faine to fell tbeir cbilojen onto the mod Mouop 
 anobarbarousencmpofCbMttians, anbfo to enthrall tljem to tbe perpetual! poke of 'Curkitr) 
 fiauerp : ano fome are fapo to baue taken tbeir cbitojen, tuhom thep coulo no longer fuftaine, ana 
 toitb cruell mercp to baue calk tljem into Danubius, ano d jotoneo tljem. 15\xt ujduId tljefe ffojieai 
 ano tbe like makeanp manfomaoasto affirmc tljat tljiso? that nation accuttumetbtokilltljeic 
 cbiltijen fo? their onme fooo, ano to fell tbe'm luillinglp unto tbe 'Surks, of to D?otone ano Itran^ 
 gle tljem toillinglp in the mater 1 31 cannot thinke it. &o neither (becaufe beggers in Ifland be* 
 ing enfo?ceo tbjougb ertreame ano bitingneceffitic, bo toillinglp part toitb tljeir fonnes) is tbis! 
 tuttomegenerallp.to be imputeo bnto the toljole nation, anu that bp map ofbifgrace.bpanp man, 
 erceptitbefucb anonetobob«!jtakenbis leaueofallmoBeffp, plaine Healing, Ijumanitp, ano 
 tructij. 
 
 ^ut 31 coulo \oifh tljat tbelotte of oogges in SlffanDers might bemoje fparinglp repjebenbeD 
 bp tbofe people, mbofe matrons, ano fpeciallp their noble toosnen, take fo great Delight in Bogs, 
 that tljep carrp tljem in tljeir bofomes tbofoto tbe open ttrectes : 31 will not fap mCbutcbcs ; 
 tobidj faff)ion Cxfar blamco in ccrtaiue firangcts, mijom l ; e fato at Rome carrping about poong 
 apes ano tobelpes in tljeir armcs.af king them tbis quefiion : 5Hbctljer toomen in tbeir countrcp 
 in. ougbt fooftb chitoj en oj no "; Ggnifping beerebp, tljat tljep do greatlp offeno, tobobelfolo bpon 
 
 beafls 
 
. , , , ---, II I^IM*M^—^lN-<M«Wi^»^«'^— — '■ ,ml ' ^ ^— — ^^^ ill 
 
 584- The Englifh Voyages, Tbe true flat e of IJland, 
 
 Kranrciiis. 
 
 Munltcriu. 
 
 Munftertu, 
 
 iitunOerus. 
 .Kranuiiu, 
 
 FriGus. 
 
 ^H)£ 3 Omit). 
 crs pjclunic 
 in tojitiiig tlie 
 
 acrsor" tocit 
 
 flll«ll0)S, 
 
 beaQstbefe natural! affections, to^etretottbttjep IhouiotieinuiteDtotbeicueofmanRiiiw, ann 
 fpectallp oftbefr otone offp?ing : toijtclj ft range pleafure nr tier ouertoofee,no % poffet&D tbe nation 
 oftljesflanoers, 223berefoje noto (Munfter ano Krantzius) poumuftmioebs out otber marks! 
 of <£(^iaiflnitp,of ttjelatoof natutCjOf tljcOScrmangiatD, ano ofljolp (implicit?. 
 
 The eight feElw. 
 
 They honour their Bifhop as their King: vnto whofe command all the whole people haue re- 
 fpe& Whatfoeuer he prefcribcth out ofthe Jaw , thefcriptures, orthccultomcsofother 
 nations, they do full holily obferue. 
 
 T»t)e re toas nrtieeo at the beginnwg,about tlje time ofthe re formation of re ligion.great tew- 
 tenet Ijaobuto theUiihop; but neuecfo great, tbat our politique latoes at tbebtujopscom* 
 ntano (boulD gttte place to otulanoilh latoes 9 tuftomes. jTMtljer in tlje time of Albcnus Krant- 
 zius, mud) Icfte of Munfter (of toijicb tioo the firftDeceafeo in tlje pere ofour io?D 1 ? 1 7,8110 tbe- 
 fecono 1 5 j 2)the biujopsof Ifland rjao theautbo?itp of kings,to!jen as manj> of the country tobicfc 
 mere ofthe ricberfo jt, tuoulb not Doubt to rebell againtt tijiem; tobicb thing is too toell tmotocn 
 ttt our countrep. Wet in the meane time,tbe btujops being terrible with their authority of crcom- 
 mumcation,rcbuceQfomebnoertbeirfubicction,anD others at tbatnmethepcrujllpperfccutetu 
 Spo?eouer, albeit at tbatttme the biujop teas I;at> in great, pea, in erceeotng great reue reuce, 
 pet noto aDapes, tlje Darfceneffe of poperp being Difpelleo, the oettill atfaultet h men after another 
 i" } t , ano enen here amonafl us ,be is not flarte to arme tbt it mtnos ruiclj contempt,atu> petwrfe 
 ftttbbur mielTi againft (Sod, ano bis Iiolp miniftcrp. 
 
 The ninth feElion. 
 
 They Hue there forthe moftpart vpon fifties, becaufe of their great want ofcorne, which is 
 brought in from the port towncs of other countreys : who caryhpme fifties fromthencc 
 with great gaine. Alfo Munfter fayth, they do there vie ftockefifh in Acad of biead,which 
 groweth not in that countrey. 
 
 CSDnfioer (ftienDlpreaber) hotoMunftertSMlfghteDtobar^etoponcneOrutg, el-attobenbe 
 can Unite notljtng of an bnlsnotoen nation tobicb map carp anp ft> to toitb it.be is fame ettiire 
 to b? tng in falfbooo.o % often to repeat the fame tljings,9 fo to become teotcus touto Ijts reaochfo; 
 be fapo a little before , that the lflanders line vpon fifti. i?is too jds aboue recite tor re tbcfe; 
 
 Mland conteineth ir>3ny people liuingonely with the foodofcattell, and fometimes by taking 
 
 offiihes. ilno that 31 map omit tbe reft in tobithfome trifle might be nctco: tobereashe fapetb 
 that bread growethnotin ifland : itismofttrue J tobich 31 tbinite is common tberctoitbto 
 ©ermanp alfo, becaufe b jeao grotoethnot there neither, ercept it be in Munfiers fielB tobf re na« 
 turall iiineger alfo ootb martteilouKp encteate. 15ut thefe topes, b^ the Ubcrtp of rnljojiclte fay- 
 f ootb, (ball be out of Danger. $otobeit,bnto tbefe rep?orljes, tobicb ftrangers do gather from the 
 meats ano ojinks of tlje 3ju*anoers, toe totUbere»fterb?ieflpanftoere,Se6t.i 5. 
 
 The tenth feBion. 
 
 The inhabitants do celebrate the afles of their anccflours, and of their times, with fongs, and 
 they grauc them in rocks and promontories , that they may not decay with pofteniy, but 
 onely by the defect of nature. 
 
 There be diuers found amonglt them that be minflrels, and can play vpon the lute, who with 
 their delectable muiicke do enfnare and take both fowles and fifties. 
 
 W€ oenie no t but that fome tooo jtbp acteg of our fo jef at bets be referueD in tfjr fengs ano 
 poemesofourcountrepmen, as altbinp?ofe : buttbattbefametbittgsrauebeeneen* 
 grauenbp bs, ojbpouranceftours, in rocftsoipjatnontojtfs.toemav in no cafe iickaotoleop 
 tbst pjaifetobcDuebntobB, no^pettbeotberofminftrels, ano tafungof biros ano Gujes. jfo? 
 toe Ijoloe it to be the part of an boneft ano tngenuousmino, as to refutefalfe crimeS,fo not to cbaU 
 lenge bnoeferueD pjaife unto bimfelfe,no? to accept it being offereD* 
 
 7he eleuenthfeUion. 
 
 BUt noto, let this be tbe ens ofour controuerGe toitb tbe autbours afo?efape, being otbrrterfe 
 men of ercellent leaming,ane of great renoumr.tobonottoitljftanDing (b inconfiDeratefp Ijaue 
 tntcrmeDUD tbefe tljings in their to;itings. 2 no note tbe better part ofmp labour is mufijeo. 
 
 3ut 
 
 
%'he ti negate ofJ/land. Traffiques,(5c Difcoueries. 585 
 
 I5ut pec there urn uncs tljat biperottotScrimn ojodD,!hc mother tuljcrcof tooulD Ijauc it ctme 
 to light, as it lucre at a fecono birtlj, to:t!;ottt name, tljat it might ft much tlje moje frcelp toouub 
 tbe fame of the JfianDcrs to:tb benemotts ding* 
 
 gi9o?coucr,altbougb 3! be not afrapD to encounter toitb this beau\pct tooulD 31 hatte all men to 
 fcnou) toitb uilj.it mmDe J bnDrrtakc this enterpjtfc , namelp, not tljat 31 mcane to conteno toitb 
 Ijis peSiftrous rancour,bp rcp?ocljcs, ano ratling fpeecbes (for as tt is in tbe common pjouerbe: 
 
 I know, that if I ftriue with dung raoft vile, 
 How ere it be, my felfe I fhall defile) 
 
 but tljat Ji map fttiffic all Ijonefl ano tocll affecteo men , cuenflrangers tbcmfelues, toljo (hall 
 hereafter rcace or bcare , o? Ijatte heretofore IjearD tljat (germane pafquill , leafl tljcp alfo CboulD 
 tlitnkc tljat toe tooortbilp ftiflatue ft monffrous a Difgrace : ano alfo that 31 map from henceforth, 
 ifitbcpolTible, rcflraiue others (Uirjo bft thofe brnemouB(£ermame rimes to tbe bpbjaDHigof 
 cue natiou,anD frcm hence borroto tljstr fcoffes,ano reprocljfull taunts to tlje Debating of us 3jft s 
 lanocrs) from tljat libcttic of backbiting. . 
 
 djcrcfoje, tljatji map not be tedious to the rcaDer toitb long circttmftances, 3! toill come to 
 tljerehcarftngof thofe tljingstoljicb that ratling (germane bath heaped bp in bis letiD pafquill : 
 toijom alfo 31 cotilo bring in, repeating Ijis fricnolp berfes of tljejflaucers, toitljin tlje compatTe 
 of this mp booke, but tljat 31 Doe fojefec tljat' the ftpo flarmerous libell being fluffed tot'tlj ft ma* 
 np and. ewers rep?ocljes,might breed offence to all bonelt men,ano sctcrre them from reastng it, 
 toitb t'fjc ffltljineffc thereof. 
 
 31 toill therefore repeat the principall matters (emitting thofe things toljicb bebatb common 
 toitb otbets,oj, tljat heretofore Ijatte bcene eramintD) but farre mprcmoseQlp tljen hcleaft (as 31 
 ftpc) 3f caufe good ano learned mens cares to tingle at his Into ano bnfetmelp rimes : tljep tljat 
 areoeftrotts to fee o>. beare btm.Ict them enquireat the Stationers, 31t is no part of our meaning 
 (31 ftp) toDcftle tljeft papers tot'tlj Ijts flitthing (landers , oj toitlj tlje filtbp finfee of bisrcprocljes, 
 
 tfirfltberefore, tljtsourgooDlp6ermane i£iflo?iograpbcrobiectetb thattherebc many Pa- •arftefuiio&is* 
 flours in Ifl.md, which pieach not to their people once in two y eres , aS tt is reaD in tlje fojllier l"™^ te * 
 
 coition of tljispafquuXtoljtcb nottoitljflandmg tbe latter coition Dotb refute : faping'tljat tlje ftpd 
 paftoursbfe to p?each but fiue times man tobole peers : tobiclj ttoo.boto toell thep agree toge* 
 Ujcr, let the reader be iuoge, feeing it tsmanifefl that, tbe authottrbtmfelfe, p^efentlp after the 
 firfl coitton,ljai> fcarfe feene Ifland. So oftentimes one lie betraptth another, accojbing to that 
 taping : Tructh agreeth vnto trueih ; but falfhood agteeth neither to trueth nor to falfhood. 
 "Bwi fttlj tt is our part net to rjiflemblefibe truetb in aupplace , toe toill not oenie tljat bolp fer-- 
 mons, about tlje time inherent this fpcopbaiit liueo in Ifland, namelp in the pere 1554, toere fel* 
 Domcr inUfccrjcn tljcp are attljts oap.riafjielp.tbe uarkenelTe of poperp being fcarfelp at that time 
 Dtfpdleo. KJljich alfo is to be bnocrffodb concerning the pfalmes of Dauid mumblcbbptlje 
 common people in iattue, as be caflerb bs in tlje tcetlj : fo| tlje papifls grounotng all the hope of 
 tbeirfaluatton in tbe^ffe, otouttlettgarrj the fermon, 01 Doctrine. 33ut after toe mere freen 
 froin tijatmi{!,tthatljbene ((Sod betljanueD) farre othertoifetotthbs : although toe cannot alto* 
 getherercufetrjeDulnclfe, floutb, anoprepoflerouscareof certeineof ourpaflottrs. ftUbicb, 
 toljetljer it agreetlj to airg of tljctr countrepmen oj no, let other nations iuoge* 
 
 The twelfth feUion. 
 
 Secondly.tbetrtflerujamefullpreportetb, that adulteriesandwhoredomesarenotonely pub- ^lJ^ onV 
 
 lique, and common yices amongft Iflanders : but that they are not accounted by them for 
 . vices. 
 
 Although tnoccD tljefe moflfiltbp abominations, euen fn our common toealtb, be notaltogc^ 
 tljcr btutfuall : nottoitbttauDing, Cnce all men ftnoto that thep are farre moje common in o« 
 tbec nations, toljcrc be greater multituoes of people, he Oto bnoeCerueDlp,anD malictouflp note the 
 31 fiancees rather toitlj tljis rep?oclj, tljen other people ano nations, tobo are me?e infamous toit(j 
 this crime tljen our countrepmen. 
 
 3itD albeit 3i toidj tottlj all mine heart tljat bices ano enormities toere much leffe totncReo at 
 fn cur countrep, then toe fee tljcp arc, pet nottoitb'flanDing this iugler, bpreafoncfbtsnaturall 
 inclination to backbiting, Ijatlj aooco this tn bis lafl rcproclj : namelp, that thefe vices by the Ife- 
 landers are notaccountcd for vice, jfo?', in tobatcomtrton toealtb Dare the impuDent companion 
 affirme tijis to be true ': tdlbat ': in that common toealtb toljiclj bath ftoorneto obferue the late 
 tontaineD inourflattttebookcDnDerthetitleofManhelgechap. 28, toberebpitiscnacteD,tbat 
 'toljofotttercammittetlj aDulterptoith another mans toifc the feconD time, bis gooos being con- 
 fiscate, 
 
 
I 
 
 58d 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, Tbe true ft ate oflfland* 
 
 tt(catc,ije ujail lie puntujeo toitb Deatlj u . £>j in tbat common mcaltlj, toljicbnot long tmce batlj m» 
 flicteo tbe penaltp of So Bailees upon a feruant committing aoulterp toitb bis matters toife *: SD j 
 tntfjat common toealtljtobtcbbatbsecreeD, t^at if &e ooti) not pap, nojlaptnfureticsattbeDap 
 apposntes.belbalbe banifljes tbecountrep *: SD? in tljat common toealtb fyejioifitfce latoes toljete= 
 ofooctlrcigljtlp commans t^at tobofoeuerbeaccojoing to lam fawns inaDulterp toitb anodic 
 mans toife, Dp ber buf baito, if be efcape, ^e fljallbnocrgoe tbepunilbment of manflaugbtcr': Oj 
 in tljat common toeaItb,tbepolitike latoes tobereof 00 alfo eniopne a man tbat is taken in catnall 
 copulation toitlj tt>e motber, Daugbtcr,o?, fitter.bp tbe {onne,fatber,oj tyotber, to reseem? ljis life 
 toitlj tlje one balfe of tljat tobicb ijeougbt to fjaue papes , if be bao fljeo tlje innocent blous of tbe 
 faps partp *t 2D? in tljat common toealtb tlje politifee latoes tobereof baue notro ano conocmnco 
 asuIterpimDcr tbe name ofamofl beinous offence *: anD no vrraigbtlp commano tbat betoljicljis 
 taken tbe cljiro time in tbat beaftlp act fljalbc punifijeD toitljoeatlj i 
 
 |?ou fee tljcrefoje (ftienolp reaoers) toljat an iniurious 5iSotarp toe baue.affirming tbat aDul* 
 terp ana tobojeoome in Ifland Dcferuetlj not tbe name of finne ano toickesneffe : fo? altfeottgb 
 fome officers let flip tbts oj tbat Dice tonpuniujeD, pet ougbt not tbe tobole nation, no j tbe latoes, 
 no; all gooo ano goDlp men, in tbat regaro, to be accufeD j euill fpoken of. 
 
 -arsctijitaK* 
 
 PJOCJ). 
 
 
 The thirteenth fettion. 
 
 The third reproch is,whereby he doth brand the Wanders with the markc of deceit and tre- 
 chery toward the Germans. 
 
 DSDubtles tbe autbo j of tbislibcll toas fome bagabonD httckfler 0? peDler,anD bao gone parti* 
 cularlp into manp comers oflfland to btter Ins trumpcrp toares , tobicb be alfo tettifictb of 
 bimfclfeinbis toojtljp rtmes,that he hadtrauailedthorow the greateftpart ofIfland,tobereup- ! 
 on toben be Ijas plapeo tbe ccruming mate toitb otbers (fa? often timesoece it ano Iptng are iopneo 
 together, ano be batb fufficientlp pjotteo bimfelfe to bra liar, bp tljis trial! of bis toit) pcracucn* 
 ture Ijimfelf c toas begmieo bp cbem toljom be betbje time lias oefrauoeD. 
 
 jf rom bence pjoceeoetb tbfe flanoer againff our toboIeJQation: Dilftmbltngm t\>e meane time 
 toitlj tobat bonrflie certaine overmans , making perelp bopages into Ifland, Deale toitb our men. 
 35ut feeing bp tljis complaint 31 baue net Determines to rep?oclj otbers, but to lap open tbe toJ* 
 Defer uco rep jocyes of others agamtt our nat ion , 31 do bete of purpofe fur ceafe* 
 
 ■-..'. 
 ThefoitreteenthfeBion, 
 
 Fourthly, he fayth that in bankets none of thegheftsvfeto rife from the table : but that the 
 good wife ot the houfe reacheth to euery one a chamber-pot , Co oft as need reqnireth, 
 Moreouer, he noteth much vnmanerlinelTe of eating and drinking at bankets, 
 
 Fiftly, he obiedteth cuftomes of lying in bed, and ofdining : namely that ten perfons,morc or 
 leffe,men and women lie altogether in the fame bed, and that they eat their meat lyingin 
 bed : and that in the meane time they do nothing but play at dice or at tables, 
 
 Sixtly, he rcporteth that they wafli their hands ind their faces in piffe, 
 
 Seuenthly,he defpightfully abafethour folemniziugsofmarriages, fpoufals,birth-dayes,and 
 our cuitomes at burials. 
 
 Tlj)efe, anD a number of fucb Ifte rep^ocbes batb tW impure flanserer fpuen foo?tb againff 
 an innocent nation, pea ana tbat nation tobicb batb Deft rueo rigbt toell of l;im anD bis cotm- 
 trtmen. SQbtclj are of tlje lame kins toitb tbefe.in fo mucb tbat toe altoge t ber Difocigne to make 
 anftoere nnto tljem. jfo?, tbattoemap graunt (tobicb nottoitbttanoing toe toill in no cafe prelse 
 Snto) tbat tbtstoo?tljp (Sermane notarteobferueD fome fttclj matter among bafe companions, 
 anD tlje uerp of-fcouring of tbe common people, toitb tobom be toas mucb mo?e conuerfant tljen 
 toitb goos ans bone ft pe*rfous(fo j be bao liueo,as bis rimes t efltfie.fometebat long upon t^e coaff 
 oflfland , tobttber a confuftD rout of tlje meanett common people,in fifljing time so perelp refojt, 
 tobo being naugijt af toell tb jouglj tljeir oto tie leuDneffe,as bp tbe toickeD beijauiour of outlatiDiuj 
 mariners, often times Doe leaoe a basoe ano Dtujonett life) notuiitbflatiDtng toe are in tljis place 
 mo?e manifefllp to^ongeo tb?ougb tbe knauerp of tljis one toarlet , ans oefperate fpcopbant bp big 
 Defaming of tbe tobole nation (as otbers alto Dfuallp do) tben tbat it fbottlD neese atip refutation 
 at all. flpf tobicb tbing firangers tbemfeIues,tobo are not a little conuerfant in out 3ilans, map 
 be moftfurficienttoicnelTes. 
 
 3coulDalfo gatbertogetbermanp fucb filtbp,bnmanncrlp, ano bausie fafijions noten bp 0- 
 tbers «uen intjis oton countrep,Uut 31 seteft tbis soggeD eloguence,neit&er take 31 anp pleafttre 
 
 (0 
 
 
T'he trueflate offfland. Traffrques & Difcoueries. 587 
 
 to be umtp m tbe migrating of oibcrs : ami pet 3 nnllnot fljcuimp felfe fucb a milke-foppe as to 
 beoaunteDtoitij light too jos. fmclp,letaUhonettanogooDmenconu"Der, tobat DttpoQtton it 
 arguetb,fo j one to obiect againft a to&ole nation certaine mifoemeanours committtD bp fomc one 
 oj other particular man. 3If anp man fljoulo trauell tbojotoout all tbe cities ano totones of (Sec 
 manie oj anp other nation, ano heaping togetber tbe offences, ano mod leuo mantes, the robbe< 
 ries.inanHaugbterB.inurtbers^bojeoomeSjabulteries.incetts.rtots^rto^tions.anDotljerpjo 5 
 pbane, and filtljp act?, fljoulo affirme tbem to be common to all ©ermans, 0? otbertoife to anp o* 
 tljer tobole nation, ano fljoulo exaggerate all tbefe tbings toich notorious lies, is be to be account 
 teo one tbat fpenos bis time ina gooo argument "i 'Bat tobat maruatle is it, though a barlet, ano, 
 that 31 map giue Ijim Ijis true ctcle.a filtljp boggc,tbat rimer (3 Cap) bath betojapeo bis nature ana 
 Oifpofition in fucbltke repjocbes t JTo j it is toell knotoen that ftoine, toljen tljep enter into mod 
 plcafant garoens, bo not plucke lillies, 0? rofes, o? anp other moft beautifuU ano ftocet flotocrs ; 
 out tljjttfting their fnouts into the grouno, Doe tumble ano toffebp ano ootonetobatfocuer Dure 
 ano Dung tbep can finoe, bntiU tljepbauerooteDbp moftbncleane things, namelpfuch as are 
 liett agreeable to tbeir nature , toberetoith trjep greeoilp glut tbemfelues : Cuenfo this bog* 
 gifljKimerligljtlp paflctb ouertbebedanomofl comrneuDable things of our Common toealtb, 
 but as to? the tooojd , anD tljoCe tobicb hauebeene committee bp none , 0? bp berp feto , namelp, 
 fucb tljings as bed fit Ijis bumottr ano DifpoGtion (that be migrjt inoeeo fljeto bimfelfe to le the 
 fame toljicfj toe baue termeo him) ttjoCe things (31 fap) hath he fcrapeo bp togetber : to&ercupon 
 hereafter bp mp content, foj big maners ano oifpofition Ie t him eniop tbe name of a ftoine. 
 
 The fifteenth fettion. 
 
 W€z toillfjeere reljearfe tfic ninth repjoch, toljtclj t^at flanoerousljogge batljDjatoen mtmntbu* 
 fromtbemanerofliuing, anofpectaUprromthcmcatattOD?tnheofthe3ifiaiioei'0, ano p, ° c! '■ 
 tbatnotinoneojafetotoojDes,butinalargemuectiue : namelp, thartheyeateoldeand vnfa- 
 
 oourymeatcs, and that, without the vfe of bread. Alfo, that they eatediuers kinds of fifties 
 which are vnknowento ftrangers : and that they mingle water and whey together for drinke. 
 
 911 tobicb this benemaus pafquill , toitb eloquent railing ano toittie flaunoer Ijatfj fet out at the 
 full. 
 
 3no albeit toe ooe fear fe bouctjfafe to flano longer about anftoering of fji'm , pet in regare of o« 
 tljerSjtoho at this oap partlp tooonoer at the matter,ano partly biect it to our nation,toe thought 
 gcoo to aDDe fome f eto things in this place. 
 
 jf trd therefore toe toill oiuioe this our nation into ttoo parts : into beggers, ano tljofe tljat fu» 
 fieine both themfelues,ano,amongflothers,bfggersalfo.9stoucbing all binosof meats tobcre» 
 toitb beggers ano other pooje men fatiffie tbeir hunger, it is no eafie matter to rehearfe ano era-- 
 mine them : neither , becaufe ertreame necetfitp hattj at fome times compclleo them to eate this 
 0? that, therefore is it meet to piefcttbe certeine kinoes ano number of meats to the reft" oftfje na» 
 tion. jf'o j to c baue a!fo a lato among tbe canons apoflolicall.toljicb fojbiDDeth to eat things Bran* 
 gleo : in theobferuir.g of tobich canons, antiquitp hath feemco to be berp Deuout, 
 
 S£)o?eoucr, toe toil! make a oiffinction of times alfo , tbat it map feeme no ftrange accioent in 
 the time of famine, though manp things are, ano baue bene bfeo bp a great number of men to fa* 
 riffie their hunger, tobicb at overtimes are fcarfe meat fojoogges. 9s berplatelpintljepcere 
 1590 toe hcaro concerning the citizens of Paris, being enuironco toitb the moll dreigbtfiege of 
 
 Henrie the fourth, Mlg of Nauarre, fuffering (as Petrus Lindebergius fpeakctb) tljefamine of 
 
 Saguntum ; utformtcb that t&ep oio not onelp eate their bojfes , but alfo taking the fielh of oeao 
 men , ano beating their bones to potooer m a mooter , tljep mingleo tljeretotth a hanofullo? ttoo 
 ofmeale, eftecming it Dainties. Stnoitis toellknotoenalfoofotbernations.tobointlielikeb^ 
 gent neceffities baue liucobp eating of mife, cats ano Dogs. 3n likemaner fometimesaretoc 
 3lflanoers conftraineo to Doe, not being befiegeo bp our enemies (although bitberto toehatte ab-- 
 fieineo from mans fiefb, pea.anotoourknotoleDge, from Dogs, mife, ano cats) fo^toljcreastoe 
 p?ouioe things neceffarp fo? fooo out of tlje lano ano fea, 9 no fuftenance, 0? berp little,is brought 
 bnto bs bp ftrangers : fo often as <SoO toithboloetb bis gifts of lano ano fea,then muft folloto ano 
 enfue a o icaoft til fear fitp of bictuals, tohereupon the inhabitants are fomet imes bereo toitlj grie= 
 uous famine. 9no therefore it islikelp that tbep amongft bs tobicb bfeo toliue from hanoto 
 mouth , ano bao not fome pjoutfion of former peeres remaining , haue beenc ojiuen to great tv- 
 tremtties.fo often as neeo hath cnfojceotljem thereunto, Buttobrtbertbtstbingougbctooojs 
 thilp to minifter occafion to a publique ano perpe tuall rcp?ocb againft the 31 flanoers, moje then o - 
 thee nations,^ referee it to tbe tuogement of inoifferent ano boned minoes, 
 
 Spojeoucr, 
 
588 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, Tbetruejlateofljland. 
 
 TOimtoffalt 
 
 fll Iflami. 
 
 SJDo ? e uer,tobcras oiuers bfe (o obiect concerning the p?opcr $ accuttonuo fart of our counttp, 
 rfpcciallp cfflelb,fi(b, butter being long time kepttoitbout fair: alfo concerning tobiteweats, 
 toan: of co?rtr, chinking of toater, ano fuel; like : in movf places of 3flano ( fo ? there be manp of 
 our countrimcitalfo,tobo,aftertbemaneroftbeDanesanD©ermansfofarrefoo?tbas ought in 
 a meaue to fuffice chaft ano tcmperateminos.aUbougb toe baue not anp grcatbaritie of fauce, be* 
 ing oeiiitute of apotbc cartes (bops, are of abtlitp to fumiflj tljcir cable , anD to line mooeratelp) 
 toe cofeffe it to be men fo : namelp that the fo?efaiokinos of bictuals are bfeo inmcflplaces toitb* 
 out the feafoning of fait, Sno 31 mil further abbe, that the berp fame meats.tobkb certainc ffran< 
 gers abbo?re fo mncb as to name.pet ftrangers tbcmfclues,toben tbcp are amoug bs bo bfe to eat 
 them toitb belight.jf o? albeit fo? the moil part toe baue no co?ne,no? meale, no? pet fait tfje p?o» 
 uocation of gl ut t onp, fo? the feafoning of our bictuals, is common to bs all: pet nottoitbftanoing 
 almtgbtp ©oo of his goooneffe bath taught our men alfo the toap, hoto tbep (boulo hanblc , ano 
 «h£ jamttte feeepe in (fo ?e thofe things tobicb belong to the fomentation of life, to the eno it map appeare,tbat 
 Bruin! fljff* ©oo in nouri(bing ano ftiffcining of bs 3BflafflJCrs,is not tpcb to b?eao ano fait, 
 mtMt U)itD ' ^ Ut tt & ewas Grangers boafl ttjat a'l tljeir bictuals are mo?e pleafant ano toljolefcme : pet 
 toe oenie that to bea fufftctcnt reafon, tohp tbep ftoulo bpbjaib bs in regard cf ours : neither bo 
 toe tljinke ©ob to be a bebterbnto our oeintpmouthes ; but rather toe giue him thanks toith ouc 
 tobole hearts , that he boucblafctb toitbottt this Delicate nno ntccfare , tobicb is eflecmco to be fo 
 pleafant ano tobolcfome.to grant euen bnto tlje men of our countrep manp peeres.ano a goob age 
 as alfo con ttant hcalc b > ano flout iibtng ttrengtb of boop ; all tobtcb toe account to be figties of 
 toholefomeano cor.ucnient ncurifbmcnt.ano of a perfect conflitution. TSefloes, our toits are not 
 altogether fo grofle ano barren, as the pbilofophersfeeme to aSiajne bnto this our aicr,anb thefc 
 nourifbments, tobicb perhaps manp of our countrepmen coulo much rather bertfieinoeebstben 
 in too?D3, if (as the poet fapth) cnutous pouertp oto not boloebs ootone. 
 
 ■But here the tuogement of the common people, as cftenin other matters, botb tooplainlp be' 
 ceitte (3 erccpt allgooo ano toell erpcrienceo men) Tome of them tobicb teoulo fetme to be toife: 
 namelp, that tohatfocuer their bfe both not abmit,o?.tbat thep banc not feme, no? bab trial! of be* 
 fo?ecime,tbepp?efentlp conbemne. Sis fo? crample, he tbat nctier fato ttjifca toill not be perfua* 
 oeo that there is a meottcrranefea: foboctbepmeafurealltbingsbpthtirotonetrperienccanB 
 conceit, as tbougbtbere toere nothing gooo ano p?ofitable, but tbat onelp toberetoitb tbep main* 
 teine their liues. But toe are not grotoen to tljat pitch of follp, that becaufe toe baue bearo of cet« 
 teine people of Aethiopia.tobitb are fco toitl)locutts,being tbetefo?r calico bp Diodorus,Acrido- 
 phagi, ano of a cectaine nation of India alfo, tobom Clitarc bus $ Megaftenes baue nameo Man- 
 dri, as Agatarchidcs toicnetTetb, o? of others tbat liue bpon frogs o? fea-crabs, o? rotmb (b?tmps, 
 tobicb tfjttig is at this cap commonlp knotoen, that (3! fap) toe (boulD tljerefo?e p ?efume to make 
 them a laugljing flocke to tlje common people, becaufe toe are not accutf omt o to fucb fuffeuance. 
 
 ThefixtecMtbfetttM. 
 
 cfietnttBtc f T~ , 'SntbIp, tljatbnciaiHbeaff cattetb ourmenintbe teeth toitbrfjet'r gooo bofpitalitp. They 
 
 pjecj). J^ ( j not (fjpjjj bf ) carr y about mony with them in their purlcs,nei ther is it any lhame to be 
 
 entertcined in a ftrange place, and to haue meat and drinke beftowed of free colt. For if they 
 had anything which they might impart with others, they would very gladly. SpO?eoucr, he 
 maketh mention of certeine churches or holy chappcls (as of a bale thing) whic h many of the 
 Iflanders haue built in their ownc houfes : Sc that firft of all in the morning.they haue recourfe 
 thither, to make their prayers, neither do they fuffer any man before they haue done their de- 
 
 uotion,tointerruptthcm.^befebetbethingstobicbhebatfjfctootoneagfomenocablebifgrace 
 bnto tbe 3!flanoers. 3no no maruell : 
 
 For filthy iwinedeteft all cleanly ones, 
 
 And hogs vncleane regard not precious (rones. 
 
 ftllhtcb 31 feare, lead it map be too truelp affirmeo of this Qanoerer , as it is manifefl out of tbcfe 
 ttoolaQobiections, 
 
 $)otobeit,fi'tbcus he bimfelfe is amofl fuff tcient toitnclfe of his otone bertues,toc toil! referee 
 tbe reaber, tobo is ee droits to knoto mo?e of him bnto bis booke of rimes agamftlfland, toich toe 
 rjaue note eraminco in our fo?mer fectiona : at tobofe railing gt filctjp fpe ccbes toe baue bene a(ba* 
 meo on his bebalfe : infomucb that thoft things tobich be toitb fatp?ical,fatp?:cal':nap fathanicall 
 biting ano rcuiling of our nation, batlj not blutbeo to to?ite,are irklome fo?be to repeat : fo great 
 « abominable is bis inrolencp,fhi8tep?ocbesfobemous. ©oob ©oo ! tobofoeucr fljallbieto tbis 
 cartlaoe of ilanocrs (fo? toe baue mentioned the lead part thereof, becaufe 3! toas loth te Iofemp 
 labour, o?, as tbe toife man faptb, to anftoere a foole acco?bing to bis fooli(bn*gt;toTietcas in bis 
 
 rimes 
 
 
The true jl tie of Ifland. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 589 
 
 rimes timers is not one luo?D iuit!)Otirarcpjoc!j)la)UU)eiiottti3ge theauthourof tbispafquillto 
 ^ucliencrtinofiIcU3Bcm^n,pcaLbcUErpD^ofrcofntaiihi:iDCjVBitljoucpictie,lrittljotitl)unirin;tie't 
 T5ttt ijere 38 baue iutf occafion to BoubrtobctljCt tbe atttljottr of thefereuiltnga hath bene t!;e 
 mo?e iniurious to iflanders,oj. tbe lj3iinter tl)ErfofloacliimusLeo(anDH3l)atfoeucc elfctljep 
 jjeio&oint!jarcti'.ttonsDarcnEitljEi:p?oft[fetljat-oU)ncnmiie,no?tl)enameof tl)c(cCi:ie)toljiclj 
 Leo batbnomc tmife , if notoftner.publi'ljeo tijc faioc panipljlet at Hamburg, DoepouCuffcc 
 tbis to goebnpuniibeD,£>pccounfell ano commons of Hamburg? {KLtrjaf: ipauepouDEtcrmi- 
 nco to gtatifle Ifland in this fo;t, tu^ictj tbefe many pecres.bp re afon of pout abounbant traffique -arfie comma* 
 mitrj bs, anu pauc tranfpajting bowe of all out ccmrnobitics , of out ueeues ano muttons.anoof i "" tB 0{iainii 
 art tntreoiblc Dcale of batter ano filhes, Ijatb bene bnto pour Citie tn lie at> of a ft cjehoufe "t jn ■art* nmunt 
 times paft aUSb, certaine Cities of England ano of Holland baue teapeb tijc commooiuf p oftvjis EngfSdwtj 
 3Se: s^o^couetjtljerc Ijatlj bene ancient trafficiueofDenmarkejBrcme, ano Lubeck'tuitljtlje iflij. 
 Ithndcrs. 15 tit t\;z^ neucr gainco bp anp of tljeir c&apmenfticb commcnDations,anD fucb tljanks, 
 asareconteincDintbisubclU 31c ljatlj in pour, in potic Citie (3fap)bene b?eD,b?ougbtfoojtb, 
 iterate o,if not tlje tijirte time publiftjeo : lnhicb bat!) armco otber people, bnto inborn tbe name of 
 Ifland mas otbermifcfcarceknomne , to tbe Difoaine ano contempt of this out Ration: ann tbis 
 iniuric offereD bp a Citizen of paurs,batb Ifland fuSteineb tbefe 3 o 4 pe ercs ano mo?e,mtD ooetb as 
 petfuficine. "But manp fucb accioents often come to palfe mitbouttlje RramrteDgeoftbemagi* 
 ftcate ,ncitber do toe Doubt but tbat gooDmenaterjrieueDatfucbinfnmousltbcls 3 anD Co take it* 
 Itgent bceo tbat tfjep be not publifijeo : fo? fucb coitions are contratp to tbe lame of nature: Doe 
 
 noc that to another which thou wouldeft not haue done vnto thy felfe: and to the lawesEm- 
 perial of infamous libels : wherein is enioyned a molt grieuous penaltie vnto thofe, who in- 
 uent,write,vtter,or caufefuch libels to be bought or fold,or do not prefentlyvpon the finding uuele. 
 thereof teare them in pieces. 
 
 H5ut nom time bios ns to fiyino a retrcattano to return? Ijome bnto tbee Ifland(our moftceate 
 motber)mbom nettljet pouerttc,noj colDe,no^npotbcr fucb inconucnicnccslljall make irek* 
 fome bnto bs, fo long as tbou ceafeft not to giue tjcattte ano milling entertainment bnto C hrift : 
 toljcrc , firft me Doe earneftlp erbojt trjte to tbe ferious ano a went affection, ano loue of tSob,<mB 
 oftbebeauenlpfeHomicDgereueileDbntobs inChrift: tbat tbou moulBettpjcferretbis before all 
 tbinp,being enflameo mttlj cefite of Doctrine,anD of tbe toojoe : tbat tljou moulbcft not ligbtlp 
 efteeme,contemnc a? bate" tbe balp minifterieano minifters. but reuerence, cherifl), anD lone 
 ftcm, SUcompting tbofe tljat pjactife tbe contrarp as tutckeo ano pjopbane : ano managing all 
 tbine affaires both pjitmteanopubIique,accoiDing to tbe pjefcript rule ofpictieanoljoncftie, 
 tbat bnto this, tbp ffates ano Gjoers € cdeGaflirall ano politique map in all tljings be confomteD: 
 ano fo in ct'tljcr Rt'noe of life relping tbp felfe bpon tbat leuell ano line of equitu ano iufticcano a* 
 uopbing otbers.mljcibpon Subbemeffe ano impiette ftoertte tberefcom, 'SDbat tbou motilcett alfo 
 inflict iuft punt3;mentsbponoffenoers: 911 mbicb me Doubt notbutrJhc 9©r.ciGratc tuill ijatte re-= 
 fpect bnto, T5ut efpeciallp tbat tbou aomitteft none to be Spagifitatcs,bttt men of appjoties Soe* 
 iitte ano boneftie, ans fucb as "tap aoiopne bnto tbcfe bertues otljcrsS bcrcto belonging, bp mbiclj 
 meanes inconuem'ences map fitlp be pjeuenteo. ifo? if tljis mattet be mell ^anclco, namelp tvjac 
 tljep mbicb are tbe btft of all gooo men be cbofen ts beare pttblique autbo?itie, mickcD ano bnfie 
 men being altogetber reiecteo,- tbe conoitionof tbe lubiects fljalbe mod pjofyerotts: tbe liucs anu 
 maners of all mcnfrjalpjoue b)> ibmucvj tbe mojccomnicnoablc: goclincffe nlfo anb boneSie H)r! 
 become tbe moje giouous, 15utontbe rontratp, if padours ofCbutcljesbenotanfmcrableto 
 tbcit function, eitljer in life 0? Doctrine; if all menmuboutrefpect o^BiffarenrebeabirittcDto tbe 
 gouernmatt of tbe common mcaltb, mbo afpite t'rjcreunto bp tljciromne rafl;neOfe,ambition,o? a* 
 tiatice, auoDeGteof bonour, pea tbougb tbe? be fufpccteD o? conuictee of crimes ano bilboneftie, 
 o^be ppte ctouts j bniuft fauourers"of fucb perfons as are fufpccteD ano conuictee ; tben mbat 
 mill be tbp 8at?, ob Ifland? ffithat mil be tbp outmatb fljem 0? conoition': Doubtleife moftmtfc^ 
 table, jQeitbetftjalttbou bpanpotbctmcanesmojefubDcnlpappjocb to tbp rumeanooeffrttc* 
 twn,tben if tbou ccnunitteft tbpfelfeto tbe goucrnment of fucb mcn,mbo to tbe bttetmoft of tbeir 
 pomer.altljougbtbcpbeoftbuteomneb^ooB^aplpfteketbinecuErtb^omfo^tbettomnepjiuate 
 anuantage ano fecret malicc.f abtrefo^c (to be fljo?t) let tljcfe be to aDucrttfe mp beaw Countrp, 
 brimbebouefullitistbattbemsttetsafojiefaiD be put in pjacufr, 
 
 But mbtleft 3 am fpeaking tbefe tljings bnto t!;ee (mpCountrcp) on tbat mpoecpe ano- 
 Dolefull ftgbes , mbicb lie bio in tbe fo?mex fpeacb, might pierce tbe eates of out Sings moft cr- 
 tcllent S^aieftie, before mbom, on tbp bebalfc 31 Doe bemaile tbe publique mifeiies, mijiclj in tbis 
 refpect efpe cialp Doe arife , becattfe mee are fo fart e uifltant from tbe feate ano ropall p?efente 
 ofour St'ng,tbat manp tljetefo je take moje libcttie, ano pjomife moje fecuritte of offenomg unto 
 
 £>dd tbcmfelues. 
 
590 
 
 The Englidi Voyages, c IhetrueJlateofljland. 
 
 thcmfelucs, ^utttetmll commit all tbeftmattew to tijc moQ iutt3iubgeofbeauen ami earn) 
 tobo UeljolDct^ all things in equitie. 
 
 3f5otoe (t re mainetb ( mp beloueo Countrep) tbat tljott tooutoeff take f n goob paw thefe mp 
 labours emplopcb intbpteruice, ano accept tbem toitb that fauourable ano courteous mince 
 tobicb 3! ^aue erpecteo. Sna altbougb t^epbe not of fucij rnojtb as 3I coulb toifij , pet fit h a w ii- 
 iing minde is worth all, 3llaoaHj not tljctcfoje giue otter becaufc 3 miffntflccniptclfcas one 
 tnfutTtctenc to content! to; tbine iimocencie,fo; tbp reputation, ana tbtne bonour,mp beare Coun* 
 trep. 15ut catber tnbatfoeuer it be ( if it be ougljt ) ano bobo micWe-foeuer tobicb foj mp flenber 
 abili tie 3 teas able to affojo iiitljp Defence, 31 tbougljt goob not to u«pp?ciTe it : fo? 3 eilecme not 
 tbofe men toojtbp of commnujation, toljo oefpairing 
 
 To ouergrowthelimmesofL-wftoute, 
 
 Neglect to cure their bodies of the goute, 
 aim in bcrp d cc d , it boetlj no tobtt repent me of mp labour , if tbis little treat ife flj all tend nei< 
 trjec to tbine, no; to mine orane oifgrace. TJut if it ujall anp tbing auaile to tbtne bonour ojt De- 
 fence, 31 mill tbtnfce mp trauaile rigbt toell be&otoeo. S>ea,if bp tljis mp flenbet attempt 31 map 
 but onelp ercite otber of tbp cbutyen, ano mp natiue Countrcpmen, being farte mp fuperioura 
 fcotb in learning am> imiuurie to take tbpcaufe in Ijano, either notoe o? Ijereafter, tobatreaftn 
 is tbere tobp anp man fboulD fap tljat it is not toojtfj mp labour ", jaotoe, if tbep abbjef&tbem? 
 femes to ton'te,botijfoeucrmp fame irjalbeobfcurea, pet toil! 3 comfort mp felfe boitb tbeirer- 
 ccHeneie,bJl;o are like to iinyatremp credit e: fo? albeit a man ougljt tobaue fprctall reproof 
 bis name ano fame, pet is be to baue mojc of bis Countrep, tobofc Dipitie bring fafe ano founo, 
 toe alfo mull neeoess efletme our fclues to be in fafetie, 
 
 Written at Hdtn Waltedale in /JImJ, the yeere of our 
 Lord i5P2,the i7.of the Kalends ofMay, 
 
 A letter written by the graue and learned Gudbrandus Thorlacius 
 Bifhop olHolen in T/^w^conccrning the ancient ftate oiljland and Gron* 
 
 land, &c, 
 
 G{euerendiflimo V/Vo, eruditions isr Yirtute conftkuoj). Hugoni 
 BranbamjEccleCix Hareukenjts in ^dngl'ti paftori vigilantif- 
 lliio/ratri & fymmyltae obferuando. 
 
 Irabar equidem (vt conjicis, reuerende domine paflor) primo iiterarum tua- 
 rum intuitu, ignotum me,ab ignoto,fcriptis falutari. Cartcrun^curavlteriuj 
 piogredcrer.comperi me, fi non aliter ,certe nomine tenus,tibi (qua: tua eft 
 humanitas) innotuifle : Simulq; quod te nominis Iflandorum ftudioium ex- 
 perirer.exanimo giuifus fum.Vnde etiam faciam,vt tua pietas,tuumqucno- 
 _ men, de Euangelio IefuChrifli nobis congratulantis , deque gente noflra 
 tarn benigne tamque honotifice lentientis & fcribentis.apud nos ignotum efle definat. 
 
 Quod veroad antiquitatismonimeta attinet,qua: hie extare creduntur,nihilfane efl(prfter 
 illa.quoruminCommentario iflo delflandia, quern vidifictcfcribis,fitmentio)dehac noflra 
 in!uIaleftufcriptuuedignum,quodcumhumanitatetuacommunicetTi. Devicinisitidemter- 
 ris pauca,prxter hiftoriam Rcgum Noruegire.ieu veriusciufdern hifloris fragmentaj quf alijs 
 aliter detcripta funt : funt tamen talia,qua:Krantzius non attigerit, aut eorum certe pauca. De 
 vidnaquoqueGronIandia,id vcterum opintone habenius,eam magno circuitu ab extrema 
 Noruegia,vbi|Biarmlandia nuncupatur.&aqua haud vafto interuallofitafit,circumqua(i 
 Iflandiam exporrigi. Illic nolirates aliquandocotnmercia exercuijfc \& earn terram tempore Ponti- 
 ficiorumfuos Spifcopos habuijfc annates noftri te/lantur. Cf tera nobis incognita. At hodie fama 
 eft,veflrisBritannis(quosego prope maris dominosappellarim) quotannisefleinGronlan- 
 dia negotiationcs :de qua re, fi me certiorem feceris, non erit iniucundum. Etiam velim qua> 
 cunquenouaeiunt de rebus veftrattum aucvicinorumregnorum, eanon omittas. 
 
 Vale fceliciter (teuerende Dom.paftor) Deo,mufis,o£commiflo gregi quam diutiflimefu- 
 perflcSjAmcn, Exlflandiain fefto vifitationis D.Maria: Anno i 5 9 5. 
 
 Human, tuf ftudiofus Gudbrandus Thorlacius Eplfcopus 
 Hokufisinlflandia. 
 
 The 
 
 Commentariui 
 breuisrfcinan- 
 dii: per Arngii- 
 mum lonam 
 Ifiandumtdfe 
 tusjis^j. 
 
 Gronlandia olirn 
 fuos habuic 
 Bpifcopos, 
 
 
■Cflfs is t0« 
 lijictc •Com' 
 liKntnnsol lc- 
 nas Arngrimus 
 
 immr&tailp 
 
 going bctcisr, 
 
 I Burmia. 
 
 Gronland in Old 
 
 tiiI!ctiaD«!)!W 
 
 TheSpani/h Armada. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 591 
 
 The fame in Englifb. 
 To the reuerendjlearnedj and vertuous,Mafter Hugh Branham minifter of the 
 Church of Haretvich iu England,bis brother andfclow-paltour,&c. 
 
 IS^uclj marucilen (etten as pout felte, reucrenn lit, coniectureb trjac 3 tooulo) at tbe firfi Ogbe 
 of pout letters ,tbat being afiranger 3! i&ouln be faluteb in tenting lip one altogether bn= 
 fcnotoen onto mee. Ootobeit, reaeing a litle furtber , 3 founo mp felfe , if not otbertoife, pet lip 
 name at lead ( tobicb p^oceetietrj of pour courttfie ) knotoen unto pou : arm alto, to* tbat 3 fatoe 
 pounefirousof tbe crcniteannbonett repeat of bs Iflanders, 3 greatlp rciopccD. JSHijerefoje 3J 
 ntp felfe toill be a meane, tljat pour berttie arm gooD name ( becaufe pou r ongratulate toitb bs fo? 
 tbetSofpci of Chrift bcre publiujcn , ano Doe thitifte ann linttefolouinglp annbonourablp of out 
 nation) map ceafe bereaftet to be bnlmotocn amongltbs, 
 
 as touching tbe monuments of anttquitie toljtcb are bete tbougljc to be ertant , tbere is, in he- 
 lp oeene , nothing ( etcept thofe particulate , tobcreof mention is mane in the Commentarp of 
 Ifland, tofr'cbpou tojite bnto me tbat pou baue feene) toajtbp to be reaooj to jitten, tobicb 3 map 
 communicate tint!) you. Sno as concerning our neighbour Countteps toe haue litlc to ujetoe,be= 
 fines ri>e ljifto?p of tbe Eings of Norway, (oj ratbet fome fragments of tbe fame biflo?p) tobicb 
 otbers (jaue otbertoife nefcribeo 5 botobett tljep are all in a maner fuclj tljuip as Cramzms turner 
 mentioneo : toilette it be fomefetoe relations* Spo j?ouer,as touting Gronland,toebolDetbts 
 ftomtbe opinion of our auncefiours; tbat, from tbe ertreemc part of Norway, tobicb is calleo 
 JBiarmlandia,ann from toijeiire tbe fainc Gronland is not facte DiSant, it fetched) about tfjc 
 5aojtb?encoattof Ifland toitbanbugetitcuttinmanerofanbalfeapoone. Our Chronicles like- 
 wife doe teftifiethat our owne countreymen in times paftreforted thither for traffique,and 
 alfothatrhe very fame countrey of Gronland had certaine Bifhops in the dayes ofPoperie. 
 
 Spoie tben cfjis toe cannot auoutb. 13 ttt noto it is rcpojten tbat pour Cugiifimtc n (tofjom 3 map 
 almott call tbe locoes of tbe ©cean fea) make peerelp bopages bnto Gronland : concerning 
 tobitb matter if pou pleafe to giue me futtbet anti erttfement ,pou fijall noe me an efpecial fauour, 
 99ojecucr, tobatfoetter netoes pou beare concerning tbe affaires of England cj of otber £oun= 
 trepiS tbeteabout,3 P?s»P P<m make bs acquainten tbetetoitb. tbusCteuerenn fir) toifhtng pou 
 long liftjfo? tbe fetuice of ©00, foj tbe intreafe of learning, ann tbe benefit of tbe people commit- 
 tentopourcbarge,3 bin poufaretoel, from Ifland bpon tbe feattoftbebifitationof t&cbleueo 
 UirgincMary )A nnoDom.l joj. Yours <WW«, Thrlacim Bifoop of 
 
 Ho U\n Ifland. 
 
 The miraculous victory atchieued by the Snglifh Fleete, 
 
 vnder the difcreet and happy conduct of the right honourable, rightpru- 
 
 dent, and valiant lord, the L.Charles Howard, L.high Admirall of England, &c. Vpon 
 the SpAtiijb huge $A r mttda fentin the yeere 1 5 8 8. for the inuafion of England, toge- 
 ther with the yvofull and miferable fucceffe of the faid t/frmada afterward, vpon the 
 coafts of Norway, of the Scottish Wcfterne Ifles , of Ireland, oiSpaine, of France, and of 
 £ngland,8cc. Recorded in Latine by Emanuel van Meteran\a the I y.booke of his 
 hittory of the low Countreys. 
 
 Suing in part neclareb tbe Orange ann toonnetfull tuents of tbe peere 
 rigbtie eigbt.toljicb batb bene fo long time ftuetolo bp anttent pjopbe^ 
 fies; toe toil l noto make relation of tbe rnofi notable ann great enters 
 pjife of all otljers tobicb tocre in tbe fo^efaio peercatchieucn, in ojner 
 as it toas none. IU. bid; erploit (altbougb m bctp been it toas not per - 
 fojmen in anp part of tbe loto Countreps)toas intennen fo? tbeit tuine 
 ano befftuction* 9nn it toas tbe crpenition tobicb tbe Spanifh king.ba^ 
 uing a long tune netetminen tbe fame in bis ininne , ann bauing con» 
 fttlten tbcreabouttoitb tbe^ope,fct foojtb ann bnoertooReagaintt 
 England ann tbe loto Countreps* to tbe cnbthatbe niigbtfubouetbeRcalmeof Engiand,anD 
 tenuceitbnto W catbolique Keligion, ann bp tbat meancs migbt be fufficientlpreuengeofo? 
 tbe nifgrace, contempt ann oilhonour , tobicb bee (bauing 34,peeres befoje enftneen tbem 
 to tbe Popes obeoience) ban ennuten of tbe Englifl-i nation , ann foj niucrs otber initirieS tobicb 
 dan taken necpe itrrpjeffion in bis rbotigbts, 9nn alfo fo? tbat bee oecmeo tbis to bee tbe 
 mott reanie ann Direct courfc , tohetebp bee migbt rccouer bis bwwetarie poffeffion of tbe 
 lotoe Countteps , patting reilrainee tlje inhabitants from fapling upon tbe coafl of England. 
 
 Den a «KLt{jicb 
 
 ■m 
 
 
Coiwtrtpe. 
 
 592 ; The Englifh Voyages, The Spanijh Armada, 
 
 SEUjicbbcrilp, bpon mofl toeigbtp argumentgano etuoent teafbns ,toas tbettgljt tooulo Dncotibt* 
 
 Ipljatt; come to paue , confioering tbe great abounoanceanoffo?eof all tbingsneceflarptobere* 
 
 toutf) tfoofemen tocte futnttljco , tobtclj ban tbe managing of tbat action committeo onto them, 
 
 3E5titttt>toltt usoefcrtbe tUe matter mo?e particular!?, 
 
 est piepara* ^be Spa.ijifli King bauing toitb fmall fruite ano ccmmoDitti.fo? aboue ttoentie peeres toge= 
 
 n«»ioftijespa- tber,toageo luarre againtttbe jQetberlanoers, after Deliberation toitb b'» wnnfellers tberc= 
 
 fuboutEngLd about ,tbcttgbt it moCt conuemenctoaflaultthemonceagaine bp&ea, toljirtjljao beneattemn-- 
 
 ant. ti,eiou)e tct) f uu0?p t j mcs |j C retofo?e , but not toitb fo?ces fuffictenc, 5Jnto tbe tobicb erpeoition it Ooooe 
 
 bimnotoeinbanotoiopnegreatpuiffance, as bauing tbe Engliih people bis pjofeffeo enemies; 
 
 tobofe 3|flano is fo Gtuate , tbat it map eitber greatlp belpe 0? Ijinoer all fucb ass f aileinto tboft 
 
 parts, ffo? tobicb caufe bee tljougljt gooo firttof aH toinuaoe England, being perftoaoe d bp bis 
 
 ;§>ecrctarp Efcoucdo,ano.bp Diners otber toell erpetienceo Spaniards ano Dutchmen, «no 
 
 b? matip Englifli fugitiucMjattbe conquedof tbat 3lano teas lefle Difficult tbentbe conquett 
 
 of Holland ano Zeland. ^o?eouer tbe Spaniards toere of opinion , tbat it tooulo bee farre mo?e 
 
 beboueful fo? tljeir King to conquere England ana tbe lotoe Countreps all at once,tben to be ton* 
 
 ttcaitieocantinuallptomamtaineatoarltkejaauie to DtfenobiS<£aftanoCa2elt Indie tfleetes, 
 
 from tbe Englifh Drake, ano fromfucb like baliant enemies, 
 
 9 no fo? tbe fame purpofe tbe King Catbolique Ijafl giuen commanoement long befoje in Italy 
 ano Spaine, tbat a great quantitie of timber fljoulo be fclleo fo? tbe buitomg of ujippes ; ano ban 
 beOoes maoe great p?eparatton of tbings ano furniture requifite fo? fucb an erpeoition ; as name* 
 Ip in founoing of b?afen 2D?Dinance, in fto?ing top of co?ne ano toictuals , in trapning of men to tofe 
 toarlifce toeapons, inleaupinganfl muttering of fouloiers : infomticb tbat about tlje beginning of 
 tbe peere 1 5 S8.bc baoftniujeo fucb amigbtie jaauie, ano b?otigbt it into Lisbon bauen, asneues 
 tlje lifte bao befo?e tbat time faileo bpon tbe Ocean fca, 
 
 3 toerp large ano particular oefcription of tljis f5 autc toas put in p?int ano publiftjeo bp tbe 
 Spaniards ; toljetein toere fet ootonetbe number, names, ano burtbens of tlje Ihippes , tbe num* 
 bet of partners ano fouioierstbiougbouttbetobolejfleete; iifeetoife tbe quantitie of tljeir ©?» 
 oinance,of tbeirarmour,of bullets, of matcb, of gun-pouloer, of bictttals.anoof all tbeir jftauall 
 furniture tnae. in tbe faioe oefcription pamcularijco, Uuto all tbcfe Uierc aooeotbe names of 
 tlje ©ouemours,Captaines, jBoblemcn ano gentlemen tooIuntaries,of tobom tbere toas fo great 
 a multitude , tbat fcarce toas tbere anp familp of accompt, 0? anp one pjincipall man tb?ougbout 
 all Spaine,tbat bao not a b?otber,fonne 0? feinfeirun in tbat jflcrtr: tobo all of tbem lucre in goon 
 bope to purcijafc bnto tbemfelues in tbat 5Sauie (as tbep term; d it) tntiiucible, enDleffe glc?p ano 
 renotonejano to pofTeffe tbcmfelues of great ^>eignio?tes ano ricljes in England , ano in tbe totoe 
 Countreps. T3ut becaufetljefaio oefcription lows tranflateo onopubliflieooutofSpanifljintt 
 Oiuers otber languages, toe toillbereonelp mabe anab?iogemeut o? b?iefe rcbearfall tijereof, 
 Portugal fumifbeo am fetfoo?tbbnoer tbe conouct of tbe oufte of Medina Sidoniagcnerallof 
 ti;e if leete, ten (Snileons , ttoo ?ab?aes, 1 3 oo.spariners, 3 3 oo,Cbultitcrs,3 co ( great pie* 
 ceSjtoitb all tequifite furniture* 
 Bifcay,bnDcr tbe conottct cf lohn Martines de Ricalde ^cmira! of tbe toljele jTIeete,fet fo?tb 
 
 tennedo.ileons^.patacbcs^oo.mariners^ooo.foulDiErS.ijfo.greatpieces^c* 
 Guipufco, unoertbe contmct of Michael de Oquendo,tenne (Salcons, -fPatncbes, 7oo,ma« 
 
 riners,2ooo,fouloicrs, 3 io.great pieces, 
 Italy mitt) t'jeLeuantJflanos^noerMartinede Vertendona, lo^aleonS, 8oo,marmerS, 
 
 2ooo,foulot'ers, 3 1 o f great picces,?c» 
 Caftile, bnoer Diego Floresde Valdez, i4.©aleons,ttoopatacbelM7oo 4 martner0,24ooi 
 
 fouloierSjano 3 So.grcat pieces,? c, 
 Andaluzia,bncer tbe conouct of Petro de Valdez, 1 o,<Baleons,one l^atacbe, 8oo,mariners, 
 
 2400 Xaulbiers, 2 8 o.great pieces,? c, 
 31tem,btiDcr tlje conouct of lohn Lopez de Medina, J3.great Flemifh b«lfteS,toitb 7oo.ma* 
 
 riners, 3 2oo.foulBiers, ano 40o,great pieces, 
 3Item, bnoer Hugo de Moncada, foure<Sallia(tes containing 1 joo.gallp-tTaueiJ, ^6o,mtisU 
 
 ners, 87o.fotttoiers,2oo,great pieces.^c, 
 3Item,bn9er Diego de Mandrana, foure (SaUifS of Portugal!, tottb 888 f gaHp-flatlCS, 3<?o, 
 
 mariners, 2o.greatpiece0,ano otber reqttifitefurniture, 
 3|tem,bnocr AnthoniedeMendoza,22.^atacbes ano Jabjaes, tottb 5 74. marines, 488, 
 
 fouloiers,ann 19 3 .great pieces, 
 25etioes tie fin'ps afo?ementioneo thtretoere 2o.cara«elsrotoeDtoitboares,being appointed 
 topcrfojm6nccejrarpferuicesi)motliep;reaterujips ; mtbrmicb. ibatain&eibinsappettapning 
 
 t» 
 
 ^TtreimmDcr 
 
 Kim o'i" uic of 
 1 fir llnpe in 
 tbe Spamlh 
 
 jFlcetciuitO 
 thf foiiloicra, 
 £^Arincrs,flitD 
 
 JJK«60f«ljOt- 
 
 nance. 
 
The Spanijh Armada. Traffiques,and Difeouerfes. 
 
 5P5 
 
 to this «2auie amounteo Onto tlj»e fumme of i jo.ecbe one bemg fuStctcncIp p?ouioeD of furniture 
 anaoictuals. 
 
 %lje number of Scanners inthefaioef lecteWcrcaboue8ooo,ofu*auf si jo88,of foulofera 
 aoooo.(beQoc8 noblemen ano gentlemen fcoluntartes)of great caflpieces 2650* "SLfje fojefato 
 ftips lucre of an huge ano inereoiblc capatttie ano receipt, jf 0? c^e Wbole jf leete Was large 
 pnoujbtocontaine t!je burthen of oo.tboufano tunncs. 
 
 tftz ©alcons Were c^.in number, being of an huge bignefie , anD berp atelp built, being of 
 marueilous fo?ce alfo.ano fo higb,cbac ctjcp rcfembleo great caSIcs^noit fit to oefeno tbcmfelucg 
 ano to witbffano anp affault, but in giuing anp other Grips the encounter farreinferiourbntotbe 
 Englifaamj Dutch (bips, which can tuttb great oercertticweilo ano curnc trjemftliteSBC all af- 
 fapes. Che upperWo?ke ofclje fain ©aleons mas of tljtckneiTe ano CEr engtb fufficicnt to bearr off 
 muf ket-ftjot. Che lower Wo?ke ana the timbers thereof were out of meafure (f cong,being fra* 
 men of planless ano ribs' fottre 0? fiuefoote in thickneffe , infbmucb tl;ac na bullets coulo pierce 
 them, but fucb as Were oifcbargeo baro at bans 1 which aftcrWarap?ooueo true,fo? a great mm? 
 licr of bullets Wfte founoe to tticke fall Within tbe malfie fubflance of tbofe tlrickc plmite, 
 (Sceat ano Well pitcheo Cables Were twineo about tbe malls of their ujippes, to tfrengtben them 
 agalntttbcbatterpoffbot. 
 
 Cbe (Salllaues mere of fucb bignefle,that trjep containeo Within them chambers, cbapets,tr.!t= 
 rets, pulpits, ano other commooitits of great boufes. ^bevSailiaffcs wererotmto:tb great 
 oares, there being in ecbe one of them 3 oo.tlau.es fo? tbe fame purpofe, ana were able to Co great 
 feruice With thefo?ce of their ©?omance. ailtbefetogethcrWitbtbe rcGaue afo?enamco Were 
 furnifbeo ano beautifieo With trumpets , ftreamers, banners , warlike cnttgnes , ano other fuel; 
 like ornaments. 
 
 ©beirpiete0ofb?afeno?DinanceWere ttfoo.anoofpjona 1000, 
 
 ©be bullets: thereto belonging were 1 lo.thoufano, 
 
 3tem Of gun-pouloer 5<5oo,quintals, 2Df matCbe 1 2oo,quintaIs, 
 
 ©f muf kets ano kalciuers 7000, ©f baleberts ano partifans 1 0000. 
 
 Spojeouer tbep hao great ffo ?e of canons , Double-canons, culucrings ano fielo-pirccs fo? law 
 feruices. 
 
 Ltkewife the? Were p?ouioeo of all intfruments neceflarp on lano to conuciah ano tcanfpojt 
 their furniture from place to place; as nameip of carcs,Wbccles,wagon0,?c,3Ufotbepbao fpaoesj 
 mattocks ano bafkets to fetpioners on Wo?ke. 'ilbephao inlikefo?tgreatBo?eofmulesana 
 ho?fes, ano tobatfo titer elfe Wasrequifitefo? a lano-armie, Ebep were fo well ao?co of bifcuit, 
 that fo? the fpace ofrjalfe a peere, tbep might allow rebe perfon in tbe whole jf leete balfe a quin- 
 taH euerp monetb ; Whereof the whole fumme amounted? bnto an buno?eth tftoufatto quintals. 
 
 ItkeWife of Wine tbep hao i47.thoufana pipes , fufttcient alfo fo? balfe a pecrcs erpcoition. 
 ©f bacon 650o,quintals. ©fcheefetb?eethoufano quintals, ^efioesn^uiV^aucSjpcafe, 
 oile,bineger } $c. 
 
 spo?eouer the? bao 1 2ooo,ptpes"of frefb-Water , ano all other neceffarp pjouifion , asnsmelp 
 canales, lamcrncs, lampes, failes >hempe, orc-bioes ano leao to Hop boles that iboulD be maoe 
 With the batterp of gunlhot. ©0 be fijo?t,thep brought all things erpeaient either fo? a fie i tcbp 
 fea,o? fo? an armte bp lano. 
 
 %tys jQauic (as Diego Pimenteli; aftcrWaro confeffeo)Was eileemeo bp the King himfclfe to 
 containe 3 2ooo.perfons,ano to cod him cuerp oap 3 o.tboufano oucates. 
 
 ©here were in the faio jflauie fiue cerzaes of Spaniards, (which terzaes the .frenchmen call 
 Eegiments)bnoertbe cornmaunooffiuegoufrnours termcobp the Spaniards, 3®afiers of the 
 fielo, ano amongfl the rett there were manp oloe ano erpert fouloiers cbofen out of the gartfons 
 of Sicilie,Naples,anoTer9era. 'Cheir 4Captaines 0? Colonels Were Diego Pimentelli.Don 
 Francifcode Toledo, Don Alon^odeLu^on, Don Nico]asdeIfla,DjnAugu{lindeMexia; 
 Wbohao echeofthem ^ 2. companies Onoer theirconattct. leefioes the Wljich companies there 
 Weremanp bancs alfo of CartiiiansanoPortugals,euerp one ofwhicljbao tljcir peculiar gouer* 
 nours.captaines, officers,colours ano weapons. 
 
 3It Was not lawfull fo? anp man, tmaer grteuous penaltie,to carp anp women ? harlots in the 
 f lette : fo? Which caufe the Women hireo certaine ftjippes, Wherein tljep failco after the J5auiet 
 fome of the Which beingo?ittenbp tempeQarrtticobponthecoailof France, 
 
 €he gcncrall of this migbtte |5aU!e, Was Don Alonlb Perez de Guzman Oufe Of Medina 
 
 Sidonia,to?o of S.Lucar.ano knight of the golaen fleece: bpreafontljat tbe80arquesoffanta 
 Cruz appointee fo? tlje fame oignitie, occeafeo befo?e the time, 
 Iohn Mart ines de Ricalde Was ^DmigaUof tlje jf leet e. 
 
 Ddd 3 Francis 
 
 ■» fiefcriprteri 
 Dftrjc(0alr» . | 
 
 0110. 
 
 
 
 
 ttbctrrt prion 
 
 otrhccPai. 
 
 liaOes. 
 
 ill 
 
 I 
 
 ^TBe great 5D}« 
 
 SlMillKCfclll-- 
 
 Itts.guu-puii^ 
 6rr,,ino oriict 
 furnuuu. 
 
 ?T()(irpjoiii(}s 
 en of luctiialii 
 anaorftcr 
 rtjingo iicccC* 
 hrp. 
 
 
 -M Soitlkll TCTM 
 
 coiiiii>rroof 
 
 3200.tCIlU> 
 
 faiftj*. 
 
594- The Englifh Voyages, Tbe Spanijb Armada. 
 
 Francis Bouadilla toas cbiefe S^arujall: luljo all of them IjaQ tijctr officers fit arm rcqutlttc fo % 
 tbe guiDing ano managing of fuel) a nmltituoe. lifcctoile Martin Alorcon toas appointeD^t- 
 car generail of clje Snquifuion , being accompanieD toitb mo?e then a feutrnjcclj £©onkes, to toft, 
 IefuitesjCapuchines, ano friers mendicant. 35efiocs tobora alio there toere Pbiu"tt8ns,i£hirtrr« 
 gians, apothecaries, anD tobatfoettet elfe perteineo unto the bofpitaJI, 
 
 ©uer ano befiocs tbe fo?enarmo gouernottrs anD officers being men of chiefe note,tbere toere 
 1 24.Derp noble ano too?tbp igentlemen, tobiclj toent boluntartlp of their otone ccfls ano charges, 
 to the en&e tbep might fee faujions, learne erperience, ano attaine bnto glo?p. 9mongff tobom 
 toas tlje p?ince of Afcoli, Alonzo de Leiua , the marques de Pennafiel , the marques deGancs, 
 the marques de Barlango , count de Paredes, count de Yeluas, aim DiucrS other marquefcs ano 
 carles of the honourable families of Mendoza , of Toledo, of Pachicco, of Cordoua, of Guz- 
 man.of Manricques,ano a great number of otbers, 
 ton ofSf 8 ' 2H We tijc Spaniards toere furntujing this ibeir jfrauie , tbe Duke of Parma,at tbe Direction of 
 mike of p«ma feing Philip,matie great preparation in the loto CountrepS, to giue apD tj attiffance Unto the Spa- 
 te aiin tjis s r »- niardsjijHtjijing Qjips foj tlje fame purpofe, ano fenoing fo j "Pilots ano ujip-to?igbts out of Italy. 
 3In Flanders Ijce caufeo certaineDeepe rtjands tobemaDe, anoameng tbereff tbecbauellof 
 Yper commonlp calleD Yper-Iee,emploping fome tljottfanos of too ?kemen about that fecuice: 
 to tbe enn tbatbp the fain Chanel be might tranfpo?t(bips from Antwerp anDGhendtto Bruges, 
 tobere hec haD affembleo aboue a IjunDjctb fmall fljips calleD bopes being toell ffo?tD toitlj bictu» 
 als, tobtcfj hopes |ec toas DctermineD to baue brought into tbe fea bp tlje toapof Sluys, o? elfe to 
 baue conucpeb them bpthefaioeYper-Iee being noto of greater Depth, into anppo?t of Flan- 
 ders tohfltfoeuer. 
 
 3IiitbcriuerofWatenbecatifeD7o,(bipstoitb Sat bottomes tobebttilt,euerponeoftohicb 
 fboulDferueto carp 3 chores, hatting ecbeoftbem b?ioges liketotfefo?theb3?fcs to come on 
 l)00?o,o?togoefoo;it!jonIanD, ©ftbefamefafbionbe haD pjouiocD 200, other beffels atNciu- 
 port,btttnotfo great. 9nD atDunkerk hecmocureD 28,fl)!'p3 of toarre,fucb astoerc there to le 
 rjao,anocattfeo a fufftcient number of^ariners to be leuieD at Hamburg, Bremc, Emden, ano 
 at other places. i^eeput intljebatlaflof the fato ujips, great ffo?cof beanies of tbitke planltes, 
 being holloto ano befet toitlj p?on pikes beneath , but on ecbe fine full of clafpes anD Ijookesi , to 
 topnetljem together. 
 
 fipceljao liketoifc at GreuelingpjouiDeD 2o.tboufanD cf caf fee, toljicfj in a fbo?t fpace might be 
 compact anD iopnec together toitlj nailes anD co?Ds,ano reDttceD into the fo?me of a b?icge. t£o be 
 fljo?c,tobatfoctter things toere requifite fo? the malting of b?tDgcs , snD fo? the barring anD 8op< 
 ping bp of battens moutbes toitlj flakes,pofis,anD other meanes.be commanoeD to be maoe tea'op. 
 Spo?eouer notfarre fromNeiuporthauen,hebaD caufeoa great pile of tooooen fagot? to be lapo, 
 ano other furniture to be brought fo? the rearing up of a mount, "itlje mod part of bis fbips con-- 
 teinco ttoo ottens a piece to bake b?eaD in, toitlj a great number of fables, bjioles, ano fucb other 
 like apparell fo? bo?fes. 3Dbcp IjaD ho?fes Iiketoife,tobicbaftcr tljeir lanoing ftjoulD ferue to con- 
 uep,ano D?ato cngines,fieIo-p:eccs, ano other toarlthe p?ouifions. 
 
 jiacerebnto Nciuport he IjaD affembleD anarmte,ouertbetobtcb (je haDo?baincDCamillo de 
 Monte to be Camp-matter. 'Cljis armp confiileD of jo.banDS 0? enfigncs of Italians, of tenne 
 banos ofWallons,eight ofScots,ano eight of Burgundians,all tohitlj together amount bnto 55, 
 batiDS,ettcrp bann containing a buno?ctb perfbns. 53eare bnto Dixmud there toere mtiCereD 80, 
 banes of Dutch men, firtieofSpaniards.ttreof high Germans, ano feuenbanDsofEnglifhfugi» 
 tiueg,bnD£r the conottct of fir William Stanlic an Cnglifbknigfjt. 
 
 Jntljefuburbcsof Cortreight there toere 4ooo,ho?fcmcn together toitb their bo?fes in a rea* 
 Dineffe: ano at Waten9oo.ljo?fcs,toith tbe troupe of tbe barques del GwafioCaptaine gene* 
 rail of tlje ho?fcmcn. 
 
 Jinto this famous crpesition anD p?efttppofeDbicto?ie, manp potentates, p?inces, anD bonou« 
 rablc perfonages Ijieo tbcmfclues : out of Spaine tlje p?inceof Melito calleD the Dufee of Paflrana 
 anD taken to be the fonne of one Ruygomes de Silua,but in berpoceo accomptcD among the num» 
 ber of king Philips bafefonnes. 9lfo the barques ofBurgraue, one ofthefonnes of 3rcht'Duke 
 
 Ferdinand anD PhilippaVVelfera. Vclpafian Gonfaga Of tlje familpof Mantua, being fc?cbt* 
 
 ualrpaman of great rcnotonc,attD heretofore (Uice-rop in Spaine. Jtcmlohn Medices bafi 
 fonne bnto tlje Duke of Florence. 3nD Amadas of Sauoy, tlje Dufee of Sauoy bis bafe fonne, toitft 
 
 «rt)ei3opca manp others of infen'ottr Degrees. 
 
 furtherance to iikevaifc Pope Sixtus qumtusfo? the fettingfojtljof tlje fo?rfaiDerpeDttion, astljepbfetooo 
 Enpifnd'anb Sf agathQ Turkes <j infiDels,publiujeD a Cruzado,toitb mofl ample irtDuIgences tobiclj toere p?inteo 
 m low «oum* in great numbers.^ljefe baine buls t^e EngliCb anu Dutchmen Derioing, fapo tljat tbe oeutll at 
 
 I 
 
JCtteattfOf 
 pr.;r t ,r« ti)e 
 tnO tjjat <ettg* 
 !iit'T3 anil tjjc 
 lsmr:Dpiomil* 
 «s might be 
 ferine of inua* 
 Son. 
 
 TheSpanifljJrmada. Traffiques^ Difcoueries. 5p5 
 
 all paffages lap i« ambuflj Iifec a tljiefe, twtobitregaiDingrucblettersoffafeconDuct . <§>ome 
 tljerebetobich affirme that the pope babbeffototD the realme of England toitij the title of De- 
 fenforfidei, bponthe king of Spa'ne, giuinghim cljarge to iimaDrit upon this condition, tljat bee 
 fljoulD entop tbe conquered realm, as abafTaland ciibutarie.m tljat regard, bnfo tbe fca of Rome. 
 ^o tbispttcpoCetbe fato laopcp^offercoantiUion ofgoln,tljeonc balfetljercof tol)cyatc»turca=» 
 Die monep,ano the otljerljalfetobejube realme of England ojanp famous po?t thereof toere fub» 
 0Uf0.3nD foj tbe greater furtljerance of tlje totjole buOiic(fc,lje Dtfpatcbcd one D.Allen an Eng- 
 lifh man(toljom hee hanmabe Caroinall fo? the fame cnoe amspurpofe) into the ion) countries, 
 into toljom be committed the aDminiltration of all matters ecdeGafticall throughout England* 
 Cljis Allen being enragco againG Ijis otonc natiue countrep, caiifco tlje popes bull to be trait* 
 Oatco into Englifh,mcaningbpon tlje artuial ofttje Spanifh fleete,to Ijaue it fo publifijed in Eng- 
 land. 15p tohicb 15iill tlje ercommumcationa of the two former popes toeie confirmeo, ano tlje 
 SQucenes molt facteo S^aicflie toas bp tlje mmoft bniuftlp oepjiucD of all pjincelp titles ano dig* 
 nities, Ijecfubicctg being cntoine^) to perfojmcobcDience unto the ouhe of Parma, and bnto tlje 
 popes Legate, 
 
 15ut tljat all matters might be perfojmen toitij greater fecrecie, anD tljat tlje toljole crpebition 
 migljt fceme ratljcr to be intcnoeD againtt the loto countrtes,thenagainBEngland, anD tljat tlje 
 €ngliu) people might be perftoaoeD tljat all boas but bare tocrjos $ th?eatittngs, ano tljat nought 
 tooulo come to cffect.tljtre toas a folemnc meeting appointeo at Borborch in Flanders fo? atrea-- 
 ttc ofpeacebettoecne her maicCie ano tlje S>panitbking, 
 
 Slgaintl tobiclj treatie iljc bniteD pjouinccsmakmgapen p jote6ation,bfeD all meancs pofftbte 
 to binder it, alleagingtl)atituiasmo?erequiCtctoconfulthouitheenemie noto polling bpon 
 tljcmmtgljt be repelleo from offtljcirfrontiers.tponibcitfome there nitre in England that great* 
 ipbrgeoanbpjofecutcbtljtsIeague.fapingjtbatitVuoulDbeberpcommooiousbnto the fiate of 
 tlje realme,ass toeli in rcgaro of traffiquc ano nauigation, as foj the auot'Ding of great erpenfes 
 to maintainc tlje toarres, affirming alfo, tljat at tijc fame time peace might eafilp ano bpon reafo= 
 nablr conditions be obtaincD of the Spaniard, ffltbers thought bp this meanes tobiuertfome c- 
 ther njap,o? to keepe backe the nattp noto commingbpontljem, ano fo to efcape the oanger of that 
 tempcOpotofoeuetittoae, tlje bake of Parma bptbefetoilesencbantcDanDDa?elco tlje cpes of 
 manp Englifh $ Dutch men that toere eefirous of peace : tohereuponit came to patte, tljat Eng- 
 land ano the bniteo pjottinces prepared in oeeo tome Defence to nmhflano tljat djeadfull erpeditv 
 on ami huge armaba.butnotljtng in comparifonof tljcgreat Danger bohtcb toas to be feared, al* 
 beittheconliantrcpo?toftljen)IjoIecj;peDition[jaDcontinueDrtfe among tbcmfoja long time 
 befojei^objbeit tbcpgauc carebnto tberelationof certainctbae fapo, tljat tljts nauictoasp?oui= 
 Deo to conDuct ano toaft oucr tlje Indian fleets t toljiclj fecmeo tbe mo?e pjtobable becaufe tlje 
 Spaniards toere DeemcD not to be men of fo fmall Dtlcraion as to aotienture tbofe huge ano mon* 
 tfrotis ftjips bpon tlje Iballoto ano Dangerous cljanel of England. 
 
 9t length tohen a3 the Frenc h king about tlje cno of S^ap figmfied bnto her Spaietfte in plaine 
 termesthntibcftjottlbfiaiiDbponbergiiarD, bccaufebenJasnotomo3certatnlpcnfojmeD, tljat 
 tljere nias fo Dangerous an itmafion imminent bpon her realme, tljat Ijc fearcD much IcaU all her 
 Iano anD fea-fojcestooulD be fufficientto toithflatiDit, ^c.tljen began theQiteensSpaielliemoje 
 carcfullp to gatljer her forces tagetber,$ to furnifb her olan Qjtps of toarre,? tlje p?incipall fljip>s 
 ofberfubiectsnJitljl"otiIoicrs,nieapons,anD other neceffarpp^ouifion.'Chegrcatefl ano flrongeil 
 fljips of tbe toljole naup fljefent bnto Plimmouth bnocr the conDuct of tlje right honorable Lojo 
 Charles HowardJojDljigljSlDmirall of England, &c, Clnoer toljcm tlje renoutwo Kuigljt &it 
 Francis Drake niasappointeDiaicc-aDmiral.'djenumberoftljefeujipstoas about anljunojeth, 
 Clje IcfTer (hips being 3 0,0? 4o,in nttmber.anD bnoer tbe conDuct of the lojo Henry Seimer iuere 
 commanoeo to lie bettocen Douer anD Calcis. 
 
 i3Dn lano liketoife throughout tlje toljole realme, foulDiers toere muflereD anD trainco in all 
 places,nnD mere ccmmitteD bnto the moil rtfolutc ano fatthfull captaincs, 3nD toljercas it toas 
 commonlp giuen out that the Spaniard baaingonce bnitcDljimfelfe bnto tlje oukeof Parma.ment 
 toiiUiaoebptberiuerofCbameB, tbcretoasat 'Cilburie in €lTcr ouer-againd (SrattefenD, a 
 wigbtic armp encampeo, anDonbotbuoesoftberiuerfo?ttncattoiiBtoereerccteD, acco?oing to 
 tbcp?cfctiption of Fredenke Genebeili an Italian cnginier. liketoife there toere certaine (hips 
 bjougljt to make a b?iDge,thottgh it mete berp late fittf, (Unto tlje fapo armp came in pjoper per* 
 fon tlje Queens mofl retail fpaie(Jie,rcp?efenting Tomyris tljat @>cptljian toarlike pf inceu"e,oj 
 ratljer biuiue Pallas her felfc.aifo there toere other fuclj armies leuteo in England, 
 
 Cljepn'ncipall catljoliquc Hccnfants (leafi thep fijoulo ftirre bp anp tumult in the time of tbe 
 SpaniftunuafianJ toere fent to remaine at certaine conuement places, aisnamclp in tlje 3lfie of 
 
 Ely 
 
 ©crmaicilfts 
 Uiavlibcpjcpaa 
 ration bp Tea. 
 
 lanb-foiccs. 
 
, I 
 
 196 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, ^Tbe Spanijh Armada. 
 
 «tje pjcpara* 
 
 tloitofcjietmf' 
 
 tea ptaumttg. 
 
 ^tfte&paniflj 
 
 flctte fer feile 
 bpon t[)e 19, of 
 
 ■Cttfp fet failc 
 
 from in^rnme 
 bponijjeii, of 
 
 3uip. 
 
 <Ebc Spank" 
 Bros come 
 tuitjilii ken* 
 mngof<eng> 
 lano. 
 
 €apt«tnejfle# 
 uung. 
 
 Cf)elL.?C&im« 
 
 MlSUJOittUtlt- 
 
 mug upontlic 
 
 i9.ofaui?. 
 
 CfiC20.0f 
 
 auip. 
 
 Ely ano at Wisbich.&nofomeof tbem nitre fentbmootber places, tototf, bntofutiD?p biftjops 
 anD noblemen, tobere tbcp U'ere kept from enDangering tlje Gate of tbe common toealtb, ano of 
 her facreo Sg)aicfiie,nJbo of ber mod gracious clemencic gaue erpjeffe ccmmanocmcm, tijat tbep 
 fljoulo beintreatcB \oit\j allbumanitieanDftienbfljip, 
 
 Cbepiouinces of Holland anD Zcland,&c.giuingcrc6itcbnto tbeir intelligence out of Spain, 
 mane p?eparation to uefenb tljcmfelues ; but becaufe tlje Spanifh fljipjs bocre Defcribeo bnto them 
 to be fo ljuge,tbep relieo pactlp bpon tbe fljallotu ano Dangerous teas all along tljcir coafls.82Ujer« 
 fo?e tbcp ftoon molt in Doubt of tbeDuke of Parma bis fmall ano flat-bottomeo fljips. ^otobeit 
 tljep haD all tbeir fhips of ttiarre to tbe number of po.ano aboue,m a reaDineffe fo? all au"apes:tbe 
 greater part nu^ereoftoereofafmallburtbcn.as being mo;emeetc to fafle bpon tbeir riuers ann 
 IballobJ feas:ano bricb efjefe tbips tbep beOegcD all tbe bauens in Flanders,beginning at tlje motitb 
 of Scheld,o? from tbe totone of Lillo,anD Ijoloingon toGrcueling anD aimoftbntoCaleis,? fojti* 
 fieo all tbeir fea-totones b)iib ffrong garrifous, 
 
 9gaintt tbe Spanifh fleets arrtuall,tbcp baD pjouiDeD 25.0? 3 o.gooD fttps,committing tlje go* 
 uemment oftljembnto Slomirall Lonck, bjljomtbep eommanoeD to mine bimfelfe unto tlje loja 
 Heury Seymer.lping bettoeene Doucr ano Cales.anDniben as tbe foiefaio fbips, (tuljeretf tjje 
 greater part befiegco tbe bauen of Dunkctkc)vocre Dnuen bp tempett into Zcland.Iuflin of Nal- 
 liu tbe 9omiral of Zeland fupplteD tbat fnuaDjonbjitb 3 5 . Cijips being of no great burtben, but 
 crccllcntlpfurmfljeDniitljgunnes, mariners anD fouloicrs in greet abunoance , anD efpeciallp 
 nucb 1 2oo.b?aue spufquetiers,bauing bene accuflomeo bnto fea-figbts, ano bcingcljofeit out of 
 all tbeir compamesfo? tbe fame purpofe : ano fo tbe fato Iuflin of Naffau kept fuel) Diligent toarft 
 in tbat Station tbat tlje Duke of Paima coulD not iffue foojtrj toitlj bis naup into tbe fea cut of an? 
 partofFlander$. 
 
 31n tbe meane lubile tbe Spanifh Armada fee faile out of tbe bauen of Lisbon upon tlje 1 p. of 
 ^^AnfDom* 1588. bnoertbeconDuctoft^eDtikeof MedinaSidoniajDirecttngtbeir cotirfe 
 foi tbe "S5aie of Corumia^fiiji tlje Groinc in Gallicia, tobtre tljep toclte tn loulDiers snD toarltke 
 p?ouiBo«,tbispo?tbetnginSpiinctbeneereff unto England. Sstbepnicre failing along, tljere 
 arofc fttcb a migbtie tempell,tbat tbe bubole jFIeete bias DifperfeD, fo tbat iMljen ttc Duke teas re* 
 turneD bnto bis companp,lje coulD not efcrp abo tie 80. (hips in all, tobereunto tlje rcCDuc bp litle 
 anD litle iopneo tbemfelues,ercept etgljt uiljicb baD tbeir rnafies Women ouer-boojD, ffine of tbe 
 fottre gillies of Portingal efcapeo befp barDlp,rctirin 5 ber felf e into tlje bauen, 'Clje otijer tfeiec 
 toere upon tlje coatt of Baion in France.bp tbe afftttance anc courage of one Dauid Gwin an Cng« 
 lifij captitte (lubom tlje French ano TurAifh flaues aioeo in tlje fame enterpjife) bttcrlp otfableo 
 anDbanqui3)eD:oneoftbctb?eebeingfirfloucrcome, tobicljconquereDtljettoootber, toitfj tbe 
 flaugbtcroftljcirgouernoursanDfoitlDiers, anD among tbe reft of Don Diego de Mandrana 
 tmelj funojp otljew : anD fo tljofe flattes nrritting tn France toitb tbe tb?ee (Salltes,f£t tburtfelttes 
 at Ubertie. 
 
 €Ijc naup batting rcfreujeD tljemfclues at tbe Groine, gt reccitting Dailp commanDtment frcm 
 tbckingtobaft£ntbeiriournep,boifeDV)pfailestbeii.Dapof31ulp,anDfobolDtngontbeircourfe 
 till tlje i9.of tbe famemonctlj, tbcp cametbenbntotljemoutb of tbenaroU)feasoj€ngliflj clja* 
 nel, jfrom tobence (fliiking tbeir failes in tbe meane feafon) tbep DifpatcbeD certaine of tbeir final 
 fijips bnto tlje Duke of Parma. 9c tlje fame tune tbe Spaniih 5FIeetc teas efcrieo bp an €ngliu) pi« 
 naile,captaine tubereof bias gp.Thomas Fleming, after tljep bab bene aouerttfeD of tlje Spani- 
 ards erpcDttion bp tljeir fcotttcs ano efpials, tobicbbauingrangcD along tbe toatt of Spaine,rj3erc 
 latelpreturneDljomeintoPiimmouthfo? a ncto ftrpplP of bictuals anDotber neceffaries, toljo 
 confioering tlje fo?efapo tcmpeft,b)ere of opinion tbat tlje naup being of late DifperfeD ano toffco 
 bp ano oabanc tbe mainc ©cean.uias bv no means able to perfo?me tbeitintcnoeD boiage. 
 
 ^ojcourr.tbei.Charles Howard t.bigb abmiral of England IjaoreceiueD letters from tbe 
 court, ftgnifpitig unto Ijtm tbat ber S^aicfliclDas aDttertifea tbat tbe Spanifli jFltetetuoulonoc 
 come foo?t[j,no? uias to be anp longer crpecteD fo?, anD tberefo?e, tljat bpon ber 3(9aieGies com* 
 nunorment be muff fenD backe fottre of ber tailed ano firongcll ftjips bnto djattam. 
 
 %\)t lojobigb 9Dmtral of England being tbus on tlje fttDDen.namelpbpon tlje 19. of Julpa* 
 botit foure of tlje clocke in tlje afternoone,enfo?meD bp tbe ptnafle of captaine Fleming afo?efaiD, 
 of tbe Spaniards app?oclj,bJitb all fpceD ano Diligence poffiblc be luarpeD bis ujtps,anD cauteD bia 
 manner* ano foulDters (tlje greater pact of inborn boas abfentfo? tbe caufeafo?efapo) to come on 
 boo?D,anQ tbat bJitlj great trouble ano Difficultie, iufomucbtljat tbeIo?D9Dmtral bimfelfe toaei 
 fainetolietoitljoutintberoaDbJitbftrefbipsonelpalltbatnigbt, after tbe nibicbmanp otljera 
 cnmefoo?tbof tlje bauen, Cbeberpnert Dap being tbe 2o.of3ulpaboutbigb noom, teas tbe 
 Spanifh jflefiteefcwDbp tbe ^ngltu), tobicbtoitbag>outljtoeCtoinDcame failing along, anu 
 
 Batten 
 
.,.,— I .- — -- ■ II ■■■ —— . - -I.. II— - - - . .-- - 
 
 The Spanifh Armada. Traffiques,& Difcouenes, 597 
 
 pn r feo bp Plimmouth : in Which rcgaro (acco?otng to tlje iubge mentof manp fkilful nauigato?s) 
 tbepgreatlppuerffjattlieinfclues, Whercasit bao benemo?e comrnobious fo? them tobauc flaico 
 tbemfelues there ,canftticfttigf rljat the Citglitymen being as pet bnp?ouiocb., greatlp relico bpon 
 their owne fo?fC0,ano knew no: the cflate of the S>p6niflj naup , 8po?eotir r, this teas the moflt 
 entitlement po?t of all ot(jei-3,Uibcre tljep might with greater fecur me bane bene acucrtifeo of the 
 «£ngltujfo?ccs,anoboW the commons of the lanbQoooaffccteb, anb might rjaueffirrcD bp fome 
 mutisiie,fo that hither tljep Ifcoulo hatte bent all their pttiuauce, ano from hence the Duke of Par- 
 ma might mo?e eafilp Ijaue comtcicb lj is fty p?, 
 
 ^ttt tljis thep mere pjobibitcb to Doe bp tlje king anb his comrfelT, aim were erp?rflelp com* 
 manbea to bnite tbemfclues bnto the foolbiers anb njipetof the fnib ouke of Parma,anb fo to b?incr, 
 tbeirpurpofe to effect. (KEihicb was thought to be the moll eafie anb Direct cottrfe, fo? that tljep 
 tmaginco that the £ngli(Ij anb Dutch men Woulo be bttetlp Dauntes anb bifmaicb tljcrcat, aim 
 moult) each man of them retire bnto his oWne 19?ouince anb 13o?te fo? the oefence thereof, 
 anb tranfpo?ting the acmieof tlje Duke bnber the protection of their rjuge naup , tljep might in* 
 
 ttabe England. 
 
 3t is reyo?tco that the chiefecommanbersm the naup, anb tfjofe Which Were mo?e fkilfull 
 rtt uatligation, to Wit, Iohn Martines de Ricaldc, Diego Flores de Valdez, anb Diuera others 
 founD fault that tljep Were bouno unto fo ffrict Directions anb inCructions,betaufe that in fuch a 
 cafemanp particular accibents ought toconcurreanoto berefpectebatoneanbtljefameinflant, 
 tbatistofap, tbeoppc?tunitieoftbeWfno, Weatljer, time,tioe, ano ebbe,whereinth£p might 
 failefrom Flanders to England. Oftentimes alfo the barkeneffe ano light, thefituationof pla< 
 ces,the Depths ana fljoulbs were to be confioereo : all which efpeciallp bepenbeb bpon tlje conue« 
 niencie of tlje Wim>es,an& Were bp fo much tlje mo?e Dangerous. 
 
 •But it feemetlj that tljep Were eniomeb bp their commiffion to ancre neere bnto,o? about Ca- 
 leis, whither the bufec of Parma with his fljips anb all his warrelifee p?ouifioit Was to refo?t, ano 
 While the Cngliflj anb&pamflj great fljips were in themioflof their conflict,to parte b?, ano to 
 lano his foulbicrs bpon the DoWnes. 
 
 'She^pauiuj captiues repo?tco that tljep Were oecemineofirlttofjaue entreo the riuer of 
 djames,ano thereupon to Ijaue pafleD With (mall (hips bp to ionbon, ftippoDng djat tljep might 
 eafiip Wmne that rich anDflouriujutgCitie being but meaneIpfo?tificb anbinbabiteb With £i'- 
 ti^ens not accuflomcb to the Warres , who ourff not Witljllanb tljeir firff encounter, hoping 
 mo?eouer to finoe manp rebels againfl her 3t9aieQtc anb popilb catholiques,o? fome fauourers of 
 the gjcottiuj queene(Wbich was not long befo?e mott iufflp beheaoeo) who might be intt rument? 
 offebition. 
 
 'Ojusofteu abuertifingthcoukeof Parma of tljeir app?ocb, the 20. of3[tilp tljep pafleobp 
 jpiimmoutlj .Which tlje €ngliuj Chips purfuing ann getting tlje Wino of tljem,gaue them tlje cljafe 
 anDtljeencountcr,anbfobotljjTleetsfranklperchangebtheirbuUets. 
 
 ^Ije bap following which Was tlje si.ofijulp, tlje <£ngliflj fljips app?ocheo Within mufquet p«i-* 
 ujotoftbe^>panifi) : atWbattimetbelo?DeCharles Howard moflhotlpanbbaliantlp bifebar* ' 
 geb his ©?binance bpon the gmanifljOlice-abmirall . 'SDhe gjpaniarbsthenWcll perceiuing 
 the nimblenefle of tlje Cngliflj fljips in otfeharging bponthe enimie on all (toes, gathereb them= 
 fellies clofe into tbefoune of ait halfe moone, ano flackeneb their fa!les,Ieafl: tljep fljoulo otttgoe 
 anp of their companie ♦ anoWljiIethepWerep?occeDiiigonmthismanec, one of their great 
 ©alliafles Was fo furioufip battereb Witlj fljot, tljat tlje Whole naup Was faine to come bp roun* 
 oer together fo? tlje fafegaro thereof : Wherebp it came to pafle that the p?incipall (Salleon of Si- 
 
 uill (Wherein Don Pedro de Valdez, VafquesdeSilua, Alonzo de Sayas, anb Other noble 
 
 men Were embarqueb) falling foule of another fljippe, ljabherfo?e-maflb?oRen, anb bp that 
 meaneswasnot abletokeepe wap With tlje g>paniflj JFleete, neither woulb the fapoe iflecte 
 Qnptofuccottrit, but left tlje Diure!fcD<Saleonbe!juHi . l Eh£lo?b9bmirallof England When 
 hefaW this fljipofValdez^thougljtihehaobenebopb of partners anb S>oulDicrs,taltwgWitb 
 him as manp Irjippes as he coulo, paffeb bp it, that fce might not loofe light of the ^paniflj .fleet 
 that night. jTo? fir Francis Drake (whoWasnotWitljflanoiiig appointeb tobeare cut Ijis lan= 
 temetbat night) Was giuing of cljafe bnto fiue great ipulkes Which Ijab feparatcb themfclttes 
 from the S>pamffj JFleete : but finbtngthem to be CaiJerlings, Ije bifmiffeb tljem. €ljc lo?b 3d* 
 mirall all tljat nigbtfolIoWing tlje fepaniuj lanterne in fleab of the €nglift), founo himfclfe in the 
 mojning to be in the aiibQ of his enimics jTlecte.but when he perceiueb it, hee cleanlp conuepeo 
 fjimfelfe out of that great banger. 
 
 ChebapfoloWingjWhithwastljetWoanbtWentieofSlulp, g)ir Francis Drakeefpieo Val- f,iip"' of 
 <5ezrjisflju;pe, Wljemtttto IjeefaufoojtbJjispimrafCe, m being aouettifeo tljat Valdez him* 
 
 fclfe 
 
598 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, IheSpaniJk Armada. 
 
 Don Pedro df 
 ValdeiVJJitjJ 
 
 fcistf)ip*coin 
 panp token. 
 
 tJg««tlSiD< 
 came fl)ip ra* 
 jkcii b)i t(jc 
 «£ngliqj. 
 
 $tft« 23.0f 
 
 am?. 
 
 felfe toas cbere.auo 4 5 o.perfons toitb btm,be fent bim too?b tbat betboulo peelb bt'mfelfe. Val- 
 dez fo j I; is bono ja take caufeb certaine connittoiie to be p jopounoeb Vimo Drake : u bo anftoereo 
 Valdez that be toas not note at latfure to make anp long parle, but if be tooulo peelb bimfelfe,be 
 flioulD fine bim frienolp anb tractable : Ijotob et t if be bab r c fo Itieo to Die tn fight , lie ft cuId pjoour 
 Draketobenaoaftarb. 
 
 Slpon tobicb anftoere Valdez ano bis eompanp bnbtrttanbing tbat tbep toerc fallen into the 
 rjanos of fortunate Drakc,being mooueb toitb the rencumc anb telebjicie of bis name, toitb one 
 content peelieb tbemfelues.ano founo bim berp fauouwble unto tbemX&en VaJdez toitb 40.0$ 
 5 o.noblcmcn ano gentlemen pertaining bnto bim, tame on booio fir Francis Drakes fljip. Cbe 
 rcfioue of bis eompanp mere caries unto Plimmoutb,tobere tbep toere betaineb a pete $ an Ijalfe 
 fo?tbetrranfome» 
 
 Valdez tomming bnto Drake ano bumblp fatting bis banc pjotefleb toito bim, ttjac be anb bis 
 ijaD refolueato bieinbattell , ijao tbtp not bp gooo fortune fallen into bis potoer, tofcom tbep 
 kneto to be right curteous ano gentle, anb tobom tbep bab bearo bp general! report to bee moff 
 fauour able bnto bis uanquifbeb foe t infomucb that be fapa it teas to bee boubteb tobetber bis e- 
 nimies bab mo je catife to aom ire anb loue bim fo; bis great,baliant, anb p; ofpe rous erplo i tcs,o % 
 to o?cao bim fo; bis lingular felicitie ano toifebom,tobicb euer attenbeo bpon bim in tbe mattes, 
 ano bp tbe tobicb becbabattaineb bnto fo great honour . Ktitlj tbat Drake embjaceo bim ana 
 gaitchmmrp honourable entcrtatnement, fecbinfjbimatbipotot'C table, anb Iotcjing him in 
 biscabbin. 
 
 ©ere Valdez began (0 recotmt bnto Drake tbe forces of all tbe S>panit& JfltcMnb rjoto fonre 
 migbtie (Sallies toere fcparateb bptcmpcfr from them : ano alfo bote tbep toere Determines 
 firttto bane put into PJimmouch baueit, not ejecting to bee repelleb tbencebp tbc^Englifij 
 fttps tohtcij tbep thought coulb bpnomeancs tottbiTano their imp?etjnable forces, perftoaBing 
 tbemfeluestbatbpmeansoftbarbugejfleete, tbep toere become Io?os anb comraaunbetsof 
 tbe maine ©eean. jfoj tobicb caufe tbep marueleb mutb bob) tbe <£nglift) men in tljeir fmall tbips 
 burtt appioci) toitbtu mufket (botof the ©paniarog migbtie tocobben caff Ies,gat bcring tbe tomb 
 of tljem toitb manp otber fucb like attempts* 
 
 3lmmebiatelp after, Valdez anb bis companp,betng a man of principal autbo?ittc in tbe &pa* 
 niflj jfleete,ano being oefcenbeo of one anb tbe fame familie toitb tbat V a 1 ciez, u Inch in tbe pe ere 
 1 $ 74.beDegeo Leiden in ipollano, toere few captures into England. Cbere toere in tbe fapa 
 (bip 55.tboufanDbucatcsinrenbpmonepoftbt S§>panifb kings plo, tobicb tbefouloiersmtrilp 
 fljareo among tbemfelues.. 
 
 %ty fame bap toas fct on fire one of tbeir grcateff (bippee, being 3rmirall of tbe fquaDjon of 
 Guipufco, ano being tbe fljippe of Michael deOquendoaice-acmitall of tbe tobole jfleete, 
 tobicb containeo great Bo?e of gtmnepotoDcc anb other ruarrelikepjouifion . "Cfjc bppct part 
 onelpof tbisfbippctoasburnt^ anb alltbeperfons tbercin containeo (erceptabetpfeto)toere 
 confumebbJttl) fire, 9ub thereupon it bias taken bp tbe €ngli(b,anb bjougbt into England toftb 
 a number of mifcrable burnt ano fkojcljerj <g>paniatDs, ^>otobeit tbe gunpotobet (to the great a&< 
 miration of all men) rematneb toholc ano bnconfumeo. 
 
 3ntijeme.mefeafontbelo?b 9bmirall of England inbisfljt'pcaHebtbe Arke-royall, all tbat 
 night purfueb tbe Spaniaros fo neere, tbat in the morning bee ruas almofi left alone in tbe cni« 
 mies if lee tcano it teas foure of tbe clocke at afternoone before tbe tefioue of tbe Cngliuj /lect 
 eouloouertakehim. 
 
 3t tbe fame time Hugo deMoncada gcuernour of tbe fonre GMliaffes, mabe bumble fute 
 bnto cTje Duke of Medina tbat be might be lictneeb to encounter tbe 9omiraH of England:tobic^' 
 libertie the ettke thougbt not gooo to permit bnto bim, becaufe bee toaslotb to ejtceeb tbe limites 
 of bis coimr.irfion aiw charge. 
 
 iHpan Suefoap tobicb toas thetb?eeanbttoentieof3Iulp, tbenanp being rome oneragaintt 
 Portland, the loinD began to turne jflojtbcrlp, infomucb tbat tbe S)pania»sbao a fortunate 
 ano fit pie to inuaoe tbe CngHQ). Tf5ut t^t CngliQjmen bauing letfer anb nimbler &bio*, 
 rfconcrrbagaiurthe bantagcof tbetoinoefrcm tbe s&pamarbs, tobereat tie 3>paniarbS fee* 
 meo to bee moje iueenfeb to fight then bcfo?e, 'But tobtn tbe €ngli(b jfleete bab contt* 
 irnalip anb toithottt iutcrmim'on from morning to irigbt , beaten anb battertb them toitball 
 that fljot both greats ano fmall : tbe !§>pamarDes bniting tbemfelues, gatljereb tbnt tobofc 
 jfleete clofe together into a rcunoell , fo tbat it teas apparent tbat tbep ment not as pec to 
 iuttabe others , but onelp to ocfenb tbemfelues ano to make battbnto i\z place p^efcriben bn* 
 to them, tobicb toas neerebnto Dunkerk, tbat tbep might ioine forces toitb tbebuke cf Par- 
 ma, tohotoasbctermineb to banepjoceecebCicretlp. toitb ijis fmall ujippes bnbtt (be fbaocto 
 
 «to 
 
 1. 
 
 I 
 
I 1 .1 I ■ - — - 
 
 TheSpamfiidrmada. Traffiques,<5c Difcouenes. 599 
 
 ana protection of tbe great ones, anDfobaa intenoeo ctrcumfuectlptoperfojmetljctuljoleejc 
 peoitiou. 
 
 'Eiyistuas tbemoS furious ami bloooie flu'rmi© of all, intobicb tbe lap Somiraliof Eng- 
 land eontiraieD fighting amtoa Ijta enimtes jf leere , ano feeing cne of bis Capraines afarre 
 0%, free (pake bnto bun inthefe tocjeco : ©b George tuljat Doett thou *; Sttilt tijou notoe 
 frttftracempbopeariD opinion conreiueo of tbee *t 2KilttboufO£fafcemce notoe 't SHitb tobicb 
 toojoesbee being enflameo, appjtocbcoloo?tbtoftb, encountercotbeenemie, ano DiDtfce part 
 of amottualiant Captaine* Misname teas George Fenner, a man that bao bene conuerfanc in 
 man? Sea-figbtg. 
 
 3!n tbts conflict there toas a certaine great Venetian fi)ip toitb otljer fmall (hipis wrpjifeo anu J s""t ©«*» 
 takenbp tfae£ngli«. SSrKST 
 
 . Che HEngliu) nauie in tbe meane tobtle tncreafco , tobereunto ottt of all Upaucns of the S'^SJ^*' 
 1Realmercfo?teo (hips ano men: foytfjepalltuttlj oneaccop cameflocfemgtbitberaBbntoa fet m " a 
 fielD/oJrjcrc immo?t all fame ano glojp toass to be attained anD faitljfull fertiice to bee perfonneo 
 unto tbeir pjince ano countrcp. 
 
 3Hn tobtcb number there toere manp great anoljonourable perfonageji, as namelp,tbe <£t\e$ 
 ofOxford, of Northumberland, of Cumberland, &c. toitbmanpl5nigbt0anD©2ntlcmcn: 
 tOtoit, SirThomasCecill.SirRobcrcGecill, Sir Walter Raleigh, §>ir William Hat- 
 ton, Sir Horatio Palauicini , Sft Henry Brooke , Sir Robert Carew , Sir Charles 
 Blunt , Scatter Ambrofe Willoughbie, Q^atTet Henry Now ell, Smaller Thomas Gerard, 
 Smaller Henry Dudley, fatter Edward Darcie, Scatter Arthur Gorge, Spatter Thomas 
 Woodhoufe, Spatter William Haruie,&c. 3nofo it came topafle that tbe number of tbeffing* 
 lift) ftjippes amounteo bnto an (junfljctlj: lnb'cb toben thep tocte come before Doner, mere m* 
 creafcD ro anltunnjcD ano tbirtie, being nottoitbttanofng of no pjopojt tenable bigneffe to en* 
 counter tint!) tlje Spaniaros, ercept ttuo 0} tl;?ee anb ttoentie of tlje Queened greater ujippesr, 
 tobirlj onrIp,bp reafon of tbeir pjefence, b?eo an opinion in tlje Spantaroes minoes concerning 
 tbe potoer of tbeCEnglijb fleet: tbe mariners: ano fouloierss tobercof lucre efleemeo to be tioclue 
 tboufano. 
 
 %\)t foute ano ttoentie of 3IuIp toben as rbe fea toast calme, ano no tomoe ftirring, the ttg&t Sff 4 * 0f 
 toas onelp bettoeene crje foure great <25alIeafT££s ano t\)t €ngliuj (hippes , tobtclj being rotoeo J ' 
 toitb ©arcs, bao great bauntage of tbe fapoe CngliCb fljippes, tobicb nottoitbttanm'us fo? ell 
 trjat tootttonot beefojceo topeelo, but oifcfcargeo tbeir cbainc-ftjot to tutafunoer tfjeir Ca- 
 bles anoCoioageoftrjetSalleatres, toitb manpower furfj Scratagcmes . Cbep toere notoe 
 conffraineo to feno tbeir men on lano foj a netoe fuppUe of ©unne-potooer , tobereof tbe? 
 toere in great fkaratic , bp reafon tljep bao fo fran'«elp fpent tbe greater part in tbe foj« 
 mer conflicts. 
 
 Wot fame oap.aCounfell being altembleo, ittoa?oeereeotbat t6e(£ngliO; ffleete (bouto 
 bee oeuioeo into foure fqttaaions : tlje principal! tobereof toas committeo bnto tbe Io?o 9omi« 
 rallt tbe fecono, to Sir Francis Drake: tbe tbtro, to Captaine Hawkins: tbefourtb, to Cap* 
 taine Frobiflier. 
 
 Cbe Spaniaroji in tbeir failing obfertteo berp Diligent ano gooo ojoer, fapling tb?ce ano 
 toure,ano fomtimes mo?e fbips in a ranke,ano folotoing clofe bp one after anotber,ano tbe ttron» 
 ger ano greater fljips pjo tecting tbe letter. 
 
 ©be mte ano ttoentie of lulp toben tbe Spaniaroes toere come ouer-againtt tbe atte of ^L 2 ^ 
 Wight, tbefa;o Somirall of England being accompanieo toitb W beQ {hips, (namelp tbe Lion, 
 Captainetobereoftoas tbe lo?o Thomas Howard t Cbe Elizabeth Ionasnnocr tbe comman« 
 eement of Sir Robert South wel fonnc in Iatoe bnto tbe Iojoatuiirall : tbe Be are bnoer tbe 
 lo^o Sheffield nepbeto bnto tbe Io?oaomirall: tbe Vi&oric bnoer Captaine Barker : ano tbe 
 GaIeonLeiceflertotoertbefo?enameoCaptaineGeorgeFenner) toitb great balour ano o?eam 
 roll tbunoering of (bot,encountereo tbe Spanifi) 3 omiral being in tbe berp mioli of all bis fleet. 
 tObtcb toben tbe Spaniatoperceitteo, being affttteo toitb bt«ttrongtCujip3,b? came fo?tb ano 
 entereo a terrible combate toitb tbe €nglilb : fo? tbep bettotoco eacb on otber tbe bjoao ttoeu, 
 ano mtttuallp Difcbargeo all tljeir © joinance ,being toitljtn one bunojeo,o j an bttno^eo ano ttoen-- 
 tieparDsoncofsnotbcr. 
 
 9tIengtbtbeSpaniarDc« boifebbp tbeir faples, anoagaine gatbere» tbemftutes bp cloti 
 into tbe fojme of a tounocl. 3In tbe meane tobtle Captaine Frobiiher bao engageo bintfelfe into 
 amofl Dangerous conflict . SLlberctipoii tbe lo io aomirall comming to fuccour btm, founo tjjat 
 beebaobaliatulp anooifcrcetlp bcbaueoljimfclfe , ano cljat Ijce bao toifelp ano in gooo time; 
 S giuen 
 
r . . - . .■ ■ H i ■■ ' ■-— - -■_ - t .. r -m - M | — ll - l tih^m_|_^ mmi ^ 
 
 600 The Englidi Voyages, The SpaniJIo Armada, 
 
 ouer t'ge fisljt.becaufe that after fo great a battcrie he Ijao fttfiaineo no Damage. 
 wx 26.of ^ 0? toijid, CflU f e t (j e 0ap following, beingthe fire ano ttoentie of 3!ulp, the for© Strm'rall re= 
 
 toatoco him toith the oroer of kiitgbtljooD,tocretljer toith the lojm Thomas Ho ward,tbe lore Shef- 
 field, fi^John Hawkins a«5 OiljerS. 
 
 •She fame cap the lop asmirall reccitteo intelligence from jftetohaucn in France, bp cjr= 
 taine of bis ]3irmalTe8,tljat all things toere quiet in France, ana that there toas no preparation 
 of fencing aioeintto thesispaiuarDs, toljicb toas greatlp feareo from tlje Guifian faction, ano 
 from the Leaguers : but there toas a falfe rumour fpreao all about, tljat the Spaniards ban con« 
 
 qutreo England. 
 
 m-,t 27.of ©be feuen ano ttoentie of 31ulp, the Spaniards about the funne-fetting toere come ouer- 
 
 ^ac P &P«iii' againfiDouer, ano roce at ar ere tuttljtn t^e figljt of Cakis, intenotngtoholo on foj Dunkerk, 
 ntBgancre be> expecting there to iopne toith the cuke of Parma his forces, toitljout tohich thep toere able to ooe 
 
 Jliketoifetlje Cngliil) jFIeetefoHotoingbpharo upon them , ancreo luff bp them toithincul* 
 wring- ffjot . 3no here the Io?o Henry Seymer bniteo bimfclfebnto the Ioro8omiral toith big 
 fleete of so.fijips tohich roao befojetbe mouth of Thames. 
 
 3b tlje fepaniuj nauie therefore lap at ancre, tlje mtke of Medina fent certaine meffengera 
 »nto tlje Duke of Parma, toith toljom upon that occafion man? jfroblemen ano (Sentlemen toent 
 to refrelh tfcemfe'ttes on lano : ano amongff tlje retl tlje pjmce cf Afcoli,betng accounteo the 
 kings bafe ibnne, ano a berp pjoper ana totoamlp pong gentleman, to hiss great gooo, tocnt on 
 Bio je, tohotoas bp to much the more fortunate, in tljatljeehao notopportumtieto retumeon 
 hoop tlje fame ujip,out of tohich Ije toas orpar teo,be cattfe that in returning Ijome it teas caff a« 
 tunp upon the 3riflj coaff.toitb all tlje peifons containeo therein. 
 
 'She Duke of Parma being aouertifeo of the &pauifi) jFleetes arriuall bpon tlje coaff of Eng. 
 land, mate all tlje haffc heecoulo tebeeprefentljimfelfeinthiserpeDition for the performance 
 of his charge : uatnelp perftoacingljimfclfethatnotoe bpthe meanes ofCaroinall Allen, hee 
 fljoulo be crotoncokmgof England, ano for that caufe beehaoreltgneo tljegouerncmcnt of the 
 JLotoc countries bin Count Manffeld the eloer. Sno batting maoe bis botoea bnto §>, Mary of 
 Hall in Henaulr. (tohem be toent to bifite foj Ijis blino oeuottonsfake) tjee returnee totoaro Bru- 
 
 fUtiKal gesthC28,of31lllp. 
 
 ■lii' p js).af %te Rei:t Da P wauellfag to Dunkerk hce hearo the thunoermg © jbinance of either jf Icet: 
 
 3»ip. ano tlje fame eucntng being come to Dixmud, Ijee toas gtucn to bnoerttano the faaro fucceffe of 
 
 tlje <§>paniftj jf leete. 
 «b* 3o.of Upon Euefoap tohiclj toas tlje tljirtieth of 3julp, about high noone, faee came to Dunkerk, 
 
 3uIp * tohen as all the !§>pantdjjflccte toas notopaffeobp: neitherotirQanpofhisujipsin the meanc 
 
 fpacecomefoojtljtoauiflthcfapB^pantG) Jflccte fojfeare of fitteann tljttiietouarrenfce fljips 
 of Holland ano Zeland, uihtcljtljtrefecptUiatcljanoiuaroe bnoer the conouct of the aomirall 
 luftinofNafiau. 
 
 Cljeforcfapoflueanothirtt'elljtppcs toere furniujeotoith molt cunning mariners anooloe 
 erpcrtfouloiers, amongtlthetohichtoer: ttoeluehmtojeo^ufkctiers, toljom the States h«B 
 cljofen outofalltljetrgarifons. ano toljointljrp kneui to Ijauebene heretofore erperienceo in 
 fea-figljts. 
 
 'Shia 'naui'e toas gttten efpectallp in cljarge not to fuffer anp ftjippe to come out of the 
 fatten, nor to permit anp^abraes, patacljes or other fmall icfTels of tlje fepanilh jficete 
 (tohich toere more likelp to aioe tlje Dunkerkers) to enter tljaeinto, for tlje greater fljips toere 
 not to be fesreb bp reafon of the fljalloto fea in that place, ipotobeit tbe prince of Parma his fpj* 
 ce? being as pet bnreaote, toere not come on booro bis fljippes, onelp the €ngliuj Jf wgitiues be» 
 ing feuen hunoreu in number bnber tlje conbuct of i§)ir William Stanley, came in fit time 
 to Ijauebene embarkeo, beeaufe tbcpbopco to gtuetljcftraa(faultagatnltEngland.djere(tDue 
 032tocotljcmfelucsbntoiiltnganolaatljtoDepari*,becaufetbep fatoebuta feto manners, toljo 
 toere bp ronSramt oiatone into this erpeoitton, ano alfo becaufe thep hao betp bare pjoufffon of 
 I)reao,erinke,miD other Heceffarp victuals. 
 
 fl^oreoucr, the Ifj'PPcsof Holland ano Zeland ffooo continuallp in their fight, threatening 
 fijotanopotooer, ano manp inconueuiences bnto them : for feare of tohich ujippes, tbeS8)a a 
 riners a«o &ca-men fecretlp toithoreto tljemfelurs both bap ano night, leafl that the nuke of 
 Parma his foulotcrs fhoulo compell tljtm bpmatne fejee to goe on booro,ano to breake through 
 the Hollanders fleete, tohich all oftljem iuogco to bee impofiible bpreafonoftljefiratgljtncfie 
 oftbe^pauen. 
 
 Sue 
 
The Spanift Armada. Traffiques,<3c Difcoueries. do r 
 
 TSuttt fceinet^ tijatcljeDukeof Parma ana tljeispaniaros grounds D bpon a baine aim \>}c- «8e.&p»ni* 
 fumptuous erpc ctarion, tbat all tlje ujips of England and of tbe Loto couwrcps toould at tlje firft j![ m * n?DH«t« 
 Cgbtoftbe^pammanoDunkerktftauie baue bctafef n tljc mfelues to fligljt, peclotng tbem fea gmatDnrowit 
 team, antj enaeuouringonelp co Defend tb,rmfelue«,tbcir battens, and fea roaffs from tnuafion* "'" 
 Mlljercfo?e tljeir intent and purpofe toas , tljat tlje Duke of Parma in bis fiitalj and flat-botto= 
 men fljippes , ujould as it toere tinner tlje fljadoto aim totngs oftlje ^pattiuj fiat, conttcp otter all 
 bis trouper, armour, anuujarlikepjottiCoit, anatottljtbcirfojtceBfobmtcd.lljouioinuaDeEng- 
 hnd ; o? toljile tlje CngliQj fleet toere bulled in figljt againtt tfje <§>paniflj , fljoufo enter bpon anp 
 part efctje coafi, tarjictj be tljougbt to bemoft conuenient. KUljicb inuatton (as tbe captiues after - 
 ln3arDconfetreD)tbcDuReofParmatbougbtr(r£ttobntteattempteobptben'ueroflhames;i)p* 
 on tlje bankes toljereof batting at Ijisfirlr arriuall landed ttoentp oj tbirtp tljoufano of bis pnnci« 
 pall fouloiers, be fuppofed tbat be might eafilp IjauetooonnetbeCitie of London; batlj be* 
 caufe bis fmall fljippes tboulo baue follotoco and affilled bis lano-fo jees , ano alfo foj tbat tlje €i- 
 tit tt-felfe teas but meanelp fortified ano eafie to ouercome , bp reafon.of tbeCitijens dclicacie 
 ana difcontinuancefrom tbe toarres , tobo toitb continuall ano conttant labour migijt be banqui= 
 fljed,ff tljcppecloednot at tbe firfi affault. Cbep toere in gooo Ijcpealfo to baue mettetoitlj 
 fomercbels againtt ber 2J9aieflie , ano fttclj as toere difcontented toitb tbe pjefeutffate , as pa= 
 puis, anootljers. liketoife tfjep loofecn io} apoe from tlje fauourers of tbe ^cottiuj ©ueene, 
 toljotoas not longbefoje puttooeatlj; all toljtcb tljep tljougbttooulo baue fitrredbpfeditians 
 ano factions* 
 
 (HHbenastberefojetlje&paniuj fleet rode at anker bcfo?eCa!eis, to tlje enDttjiptnigljt con* 
 fult toitb tbe Duke of Parma tobat toas bed to be Done accoutring to tbe Eings commandemene, 
 ano tbep?efent eftate of tljeir affaires, ano ijao noto (as toe toill aftettoaro Declare) purpofcD bp« 
 on tbe feconDof3ugutl being jf"rtDap,toitlj one potoer and confent to baue put tbttrintcnDCDbtt'- 
 flneue inp?actife; tbe H. aomirall of England being aDmonifijco bp ber S^aicflies letters from 
 tbe Court , tljougljt it molt erpeaient eitljcr to oiiue tbe fepaniflj fleet from tljat place, oj, at leaff* 
 toife to giue tbem tbe encounter : anD fo? tbat caufe (acco?dingto ber Sgaiefiies pjefcrtption) be 
 tooke ftntbtottb eigbt of bis tooo jft $ bafeit fljips toljiclj came nert to bano,f dtf burtbening tljt m 
 of all tljings toljtcb feemed to be of anp balue, filled tbem toitlj gun-potoder, pittlj, bnmftone,ano 
 toitljotljercombuflible ano firp matter; ano cljargtng all tbeir ordinance toubpotoocr, bullet?, 
 ann (tones, be fent tbe fapdfljips bpon tbe 28 of Jul? being ^ttnoap, about ttoo ot tbe clocke af» |B" 8 rf 
 termtDnigbt, toitb tlje tofwoe ana tioe arjaintt tlje ^pantflj fleet : tcrjiclj Snrjcn trjev rjaJDpiocecBcn 
 a gooo fpace, being fojfaken of tbe pilots, ano fet on fire, toere dtrecelp carrieo upon tlje Sing 
 of Spaines jaatiic : toljicb fire in tlje dead oftlje nigljt put tbe Spaniards into fuclj a petpleritp 
 and bojrour (fo? tljep feared left tljep toere line bn to tljofe terrible fljips, toljicb Frederic lenebelli 
 tbjeepeeres before, at tbe Cege of Ancwerpe, bad furnifljeo toitlj gun-potoDcr,flcnes,andnjcan* 
 full engines , fo? tbe DuToluttonof tbe Duke of Parma bisb?tDge , built bpontbe rtucrof Schcld) 
 tbat cutting tljctr cables toljereon tbetr ankers toere fattened, ano boiling bp tljeir fatles, tljep be« 
 tooke tljemfelues berp confufedlp bntotlje maine fea, 
 
 3n tljis fuodeu corifufion, tbe pjincipall and grcatell of tlje foure galliafTes falling fctole of an* tf£J*2f * 
 otber fbip.lofl ber rudder : fo? toljiclj caufe toben uje could not be guided anp longer, tlje toas bp tbe Moncada cart 
 fojee oftlje tt'oe call into a certaine fljotolo bpon tbe fljoje of Caleis.toljere fl;e toas tmmeoiatlp af^ nf^ J^ue. 
 faulteo bpdiuers Cngltuj pinaffes, bopes, and djumblers. fojccaids. 
 
 3nd as tbcp lap battering of ber toitb tljeir ordinance , ano durfl not boojo Ijer , tlje 1 , 9omi= 
 rail fent tljitberljis long boat toitb an bund jetlj cljotfe fouloiers bnoer tbe command of Captaine 
 Amias Prefton. apon toljofe appjocb tljeir fellotoes being mo?e emboldened, did offer to boo?D ^„*«Sai^ 
 tljegalliaffe : againtt tobom tbe gouernottEtljereof ano Captaine of all tlje foure gallialTes,Hu- ionioctti tD« 
 go dc Moncada , troutlp oppofeo Ijimfclfe , figljting bp fo muclj tlje moje baliantlp , intljat Ije Bamacre, 
 ijopcop^cfeiitlp to be fuccottrenbp tbe Duke of Parma. 3Intljemeancfeafon, Moncada, after 
 be bad endured tbe conflict a good tobtle, being Ijttte on tbe bead todb a bullet, fell ootone ftarke 
 Dead, ano a great number of Spaniards alio toere flaine in bis companp. ©Ije greater part of , 
 tbe refioue leaping ouer-boo?o into tlje fea, to faue tbemfelues bp ftoimmtng, toere moll of tbem 
 d^dtoned. Ipotobeit tljere efcapeo among otljers Don Anthonio deManriques,ap?incipail offi= 
 cer in tbe g>panifb fleet (called bp tljem tljeir Veador gencrall) together tottb a feto fepaniarda 
 befides : toljicb Anthonio toas tbe firfl man tbat carried certaine netoes of tlje fucceffe of tbeic 
 fleet into Spaine. 
 
 ^Ijts buge ano monffrous galltaffe, toljf rein toere contained tlj? eebund?ed flaucs to lug at t%z 
 oares,ana foure bundled fouloiers, toas in tbe fpace oftb^eeljouresrifleotntbefameplace; and 
 tljere toere found amongfl ditterg otljer comodities 5 0000 dttcata of ct)c S>paninj kings trcafurc 
 
 eee 9t 
 
6oz 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, Tbe Spaniflf Armada. 
 
 figlji ucfoje 
 
 Grtueling tt)e 
 
 29 of jiilp. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 s«*t tfiigcuuinetuheliaues toere cttcaleD out of tljeirfettecs , ttje«englirt)men tooulobaue fettle 
 fapo fljip on fire,tobicb Monfieur Gourdon tbegouemoi of Caleis, foj feareofcbe Damage tobic|j 
 might thereupon enfue to ttje Cotonc ant> fpaucn, toottlo not permit them to do, but Djaue them 
 from thence toitb W great finance. 
 
 iaponi be 29 of3Mp in tbe morning, the ^paniiMleet^^^ 
 rangeo themfclues agatne into ojocr, toere, tott^mOgbt of GreueIing,mott bjauelp ano furiouf- 
 IpencountereDbptbeCngliirj; tobere tbep once agame got the toinoe of tbe !§>paniarDS : tobo 
 fuffcreo themfclues to be or p?iueD of the commooitp of tbeplaee in Caleis rooe,anD of tbeaouan* 
 tage of the toinoe nccre unto Dunkerk , rather then tbep tooulo change their arrap 0? feparate 
 their fo jees noto coniopneD anD Dniteo together, ttanoin jr. onelp Upon their Defence. 
 
 ami albeit there toere manp ercellrntanDtoarlikefbips in the (Englith fleet, pet fcarfetoere 
 there 220? 2? amongthemaUtohichmatcheD90ofthe&paniujfijipstnbigtiE(re,o?coulDcon» 
 uenicntlp atCattlt them. 82tberefo?c the Cnglifb ftjippes ufing their pjerogatiue of nimble ffir* 
 rage, toberebp tljcp coulo tunic ana toielD themfelues toitb the toinDetobicb toap tbepufieD, 
 came often times berp neerebpon the SspantarDS , ano cbargeD them fo foje, that nolo ana then 
 the? toere but a pikes length afunoer : $fo continuallpgiuing them one bjoaDfioe after another, 
 tbep DifcbargeD all their fljot both great anD (mall upon tbcm, fpenDing one tobole Dap from moj< 
 ning till night in that biolcnt kmoe of conflict, bntill fuel) time as potoDer ano bullets f aileD them, 
 3In tegatD of U.hichtoant tbep thought if conuenient not to purfuetbe s§>paniarDsanp longecbc 
 caufe tbep baD manp great Damages of the Cnglift) , namelp fo? the ertraojoinarp bigneffe of 
 their ftjips, anD alfofo? that tbep toere fo neerelp coniopneD, ano kept together in fogooo arrap, 
 that tbep coulo bp no meanes be fought toithall one to one, Cbe Cnglift) thought tbersfo je, that 
 tbep baD right toeUacquieeotbemfeutes,in chafing the &p^arDsfir8from Caleis, anD then 
 from Dunkerk , ano bp that meanes to baue btntiereDtbcm from topning toitb the Dukeof Par- 
 ma his fojecs, ano gettingtbe toinoe of tbem, to batteDjittentbemfcomtbeirotenccoa8s. 
 
 %\t §>paniarDS that Dap futtaineo great lofle anD Damage bauing manp of their fljippejf ffjot 
 tbo?oto anD tboioto , anD tbep DifcbargeD !ikctoife great floje of oiDtnance againft the Cnglift) ; 
 toljo inoeeD fuftaineo fome htnoerancc , but not comparable to the 5§>panterDs lotfe : fo? t he p loll 
 notanpone fl)ippeo?perfon of account, jf ojuerp Diligent inqutfition being maoe, the Cngu'fi) 
 men all that time Wherein the <§>pantu) 3ftaup fapleD upon their feas, are not founo to baue man* 
 teo abotie one bunD jetb of their people ; albeit £|>ir Francis Drakes fljtppe toas pierteo toitb ft)ot 
 abouefo jtp time 6 , anD his berp cabben toas ttoife ftjot t Ijojtoto , anD about the conclufion of the 
 figbt, the beooe of a certaine gentleman Iping toeatp thereupon, toas taken quite from unuer hira 
 toitb the fo?ce of a bullet. iiketoife , as the Carle of Northumberland anD S>ir Charles Blunc 
 toere at Dinner upon a time, the bullet of a Dcmi-culuering bjake tbo?oto the miDoett of their cab= 
 bin, toucbeo their feet, anDfirookeDotonettoooftbeftanDerssp, toitb manp fuchaccioentsbe= 
 falling the Cngltlh flnppes , tobicbit toere teoious to n bearfe. Oicrcupon it is mofi apparanc, 
 that (SoDmiraculoufippiefecueD the CngliQ) nation. ffoj the L, aomirail tojote unto ber ^a< 
 lettie that in all humane rcafon , ano accojDing to the tuDgeinent of all men (euerp circumttance 
 being eulp confioereD) the Cnglift) men toere not of anp fuch fojce,toberebp tbep mtghtjtoithout 
 a miracle , Dare once to appjocb toithin fight of the <§>pantib jf lece : infomucb that tbep freelp a* 
 fcribco all the honour of their uicto jp unto <Eoo s tobo ban confounoeo the enemp,ans has hjougljt 
 Ijis counfels to none effect, 
 
 'iZDbe fame Dap the S>paniuj tbipsi toere fo battereD toitb Cngltfb fljot,trjat that berp night anD 
 the oap follototng, ttoo 0? tb?ee of tbem funcke tight Dotone : anD among the cell a certaine great 
 ftjip of Bifcay , ttbich Captaine Croffe atTaulteo , toljicb perifljcD etten in the time of the conflict, 
 fotbatuerp fcto therein efcapeo Djotoning ;; tobo repo?teD that the gotternours of the fame fijippe 
 fietoone another upon theoccafionfollotoing:oneoftbem tobicbtooulD baue pcelDeD the lljippe 
 toas fuDDenlp flaine ; the brother of the flaine partp in reuengc of bis Death fieto the murtherer, 
 ano in the meane tohile the fljip funcke. 
 
 Che fame night ttooPortugall galeons oftbe burthen of feueno? eight hunDjeth tunned a 
 piece, totoit the i§>aint Philip anD the £z>aint Matthew,toere foifaken of the ^paniu) ir leet,fo? 
 tbep toere fo tome toitb fljotte , that tbe toater entereo into tbem on all floes. 3n the galeon of 
 giaint Philiptoas Francis dc Toledo , brother Unto the Count de Orgas , being Colonellouer 
 ttoo anD tbirtp banos : befioes other gentlemen; tobo feeing tbcirmaft broken toitbfbotte, tbep 
 fljapeD their courfe.aftoellas tbep coulD,fo?tbc coafl of Flanders : tobitbertoben tbep coulo not 
 attaine, tbcpjincipallmenintheujipcommittingtbemfelucsto their fkiffe,arriueDattbenej:t 
 totoue, tohicb toas o fiend ; ano tbe ftjip it felfe being left bebmDe toitlj the refibue of their com? ' 
 panp, toas takenbp the UUQjingE rs, 
 
 3!n 
 
 iKftjse &p«- 
 inQjOjippea 
 rimchcintpt 
 
 figbt. 
 
 Ctds gatcona 
 taftmanQca* 
 neb into Zc- 
 lanJ, 
 
^fbeSpani/h Armada, Tratfiques <3t Difcoueries. tf 03 
 
 ■ ' — -— ■ i! 
 
 3iiti)eotl;ecgaleon 3 caU£Dtt)c^).Matchew, uiastmbarkeD Don Diego Pimencellianotljec 
 ramp-mau\'r aim colonell of 3 2 banos.being bjotber unco the marques of Tamnares.wicb manp 
 other gentlemen ano captames, Cbctrflnp teas not Uerp great, buterrceDingftrcng, fa? of a 
 great number of bullets winch hao battero her , there Were fcarfe 20 wherewith (he was pierceo 
 0? hurt : ber Upper Wo?ke wasoffo?ce futficient to beare off a muf Ret (hoc : this tl type Was (hot 
 tho?oW ano pierceo in tbefigbt before Greueling; infomucb that the leakage of the Water coula 
 not be ttoppca : Whereupon the ouke of Medina fent bis great f kiffe Unto the gouetnour thereof, 
 that he might fatte himfelfe ana the principal perfons that Were in his (hip : Which be,Upon a battle 
 courage, rcfufeo to do ; Wfjerefo?e the Duke cbargcDlumtofailenm unto himfelfe :Wbicbtbe 
 night following he coula not perfo?me, bp reafonoftbe great abunoance of water Which entered 
 fats fljip on all Goes ; fo? the auoioing wbrrof,ana to fane his fbip from fincktngjjc caufea 5 o men 
 continuallp to labo? at the pitmpe,thougb it were to fmall purpofc. &no feeing himfelfe thus fo?* 
 Taken 9 feparatea from bis aomirall, be enaeuo?ca what be coula to actatne bnto the coaft of Flan- 
 ders : Where, being cfpica bp.40? 5 men of Warre, Which baa their Cation atfignea tbcmUpon the 
 fame coatt.he wasaamoniujea to peelo himfelfe bnto them, UUbicb he refuGng to Do,Was ffrong* 
 Ip aflaultea bp them altogether, ano his (hip being pierceo with manp bullets , was brought into 
 farre Wo?fe cafe then befoje.ano^o of his fouloiers werefiaine. TSy Which ertremitp he Wasen* 
 fo?cea at length to peelo himfelfe bnto Peter Banderduefs rj other captaines.wbicb brought l);m 
 ano his ujtp into Zeland; anothat other (hip alfolaftbefo?ementioneo: Wbtcbbotijof tljem,tm* 
 meoiatlp after the greater ana better part of their gooas were bnlaoen.funcke right oowne. 
 
 jfo? the memo?p af this erploitjtbe fo?cfapo captaine Banderduefs caufea the banner of one of 
 theft fljippes to befet bp in the great Church of Leiden in Holland, wbicbis of fo great a length, 
 that being fatteneo to the berproofe, it reaches DoWne to the grouno. 
 
 9bout the fame time anotberfmall (hip being bpnecelTttp ajiuen bpon the coaff of Flanders, a< « rman (btppt 
 Jiout Blankenberg.was callawapupontbe fanos,tbe people therein beingfaucD.Cbus almightp SmbSS- 
 ©od woulo baue the gjpaniaras huge (hips to bep?efentea,not ontlp to the blew of the <£ngli(b, b "g- 
 but alfo of the 5?lanoers; that at the tight of them t hep might acknowledge of What fmr.ll abtiitp 
 thep hao beene to reGtt fuel) impugnable fo?ccs, hao not <3oo enauea them With courage, p?oui« 
 bence,ana fo?tituoe, pea.ana fought fo? them in manp places with bis owne arme, 
 
 Che 29 of 3ulp the S>pani(b fleet being encounterea bp the Cnglilb (aeis afo?efapa) ano Ip* 2wf»Ke' 
 tag clofe together Unaer their fighting failes, With a &ioutbWeB Winoe faileo paftDunkerk, the m Spamnj 
 €ngltd) fijtps fid following the chafe, ©f Whom the bap following When the Spaniards hao got JJSmmJSSS 
 fea roome, thep cut their maine failes ; wberebp thep fufficientlp oetlareb that ctjep meant no Ion* of m a. as. 
 gerco fight but to flie. 4fo? whichcaufethe L. 3amirall of England Difpatcljca the i.Henrie mmu 
 Seymer with his fquaoion of fmall (bips bnto the coafl of Flanders , where , With the helpe of the 
 Dutch (hips, he might Cop tbepiince of Parma his paflage, if perhaps he (boula attempt to i(fue 
 fo?cbwit& his armp. Stoa he himfelfe in tbenteane fpacepurfueo the gipamfl) fleet bntill tbefe-= 
 tonaof9ugu(f, becaufelje thought thep hao fetfailefo? Scotland. 3na albeit he follotoeo them 
 berp neere, pet oio he not afiault them anp mo?e, fo? want of powoerano bullets. 25ut bpon the 
 fourth of auguE, the winoe arifing, whenastbe sSpaniarbsljabfp?eaD all their failes, betaking 
 tljcmfelues whollp to flight, ano Icauing Scotland onthelcfthano, trcnoeo to waro Norway, 
 : (Wherebp thep fufficientlp oeclareo that theirWljoleintentWastofauethtmfetuesbpflight, at* 
 tempting fo? that purpofe, with their battereo ano ccajeo tbips , tljemofl Dangerous nauigatton 
 (i cfthe.iao?tl;?eufeas) the Cnglill) feeing that thep were now pjoceebeobntotbelacituDeof 57 
 (A Degcees,ano being Unwilling to participate that Danger Wljereinto ttje S>paniarDSplungeD them* 
 
 felues, anD becaufe thep Wanteo things necetlarji, ann efpeciallp powoer 9 ujoc, returnee backe « i)e & m m 
 ■# fo?England ; leauingbcljinDe them certaine pfnafles onelp , Which tljep eniopneo to follow the "™™ c J e ™ 
 j§)paniarDsaloofe, ano to obferue their courfe. 3no foit cametopaflethatthefourtbofaugufi, tMMofjSw 
 toitbgreat Danger ano inoufirp, the «2ngli(fj arriueo at Harwich : fo ? thep hao bene tofleD up ano JJJ*** ^i e 4 
 DoWne Withamightp tempeflffe? thefpace oftwoo?th?eeDapcs together, whichitislikelpoto 
 ..: great hurt bnto the Sbpamfi) fleet, being (as 3 fapo btfo?e) fo maimco anb battereo. 3£be Cug* 
 ,. lifhnow going onujo?e, p^ouioeDthemfeluesfoojthWithofuictuals, guune-poWDer, ano other 
 lJj|T. ittjings erpeDient,ttiat thep might be rcaop at all aflapes to entertaine the gipaniu) flect,if it cl;an« 
 i ; ceo anp mo?e to returne. 'But being afterWara mo?e certainelp infojmcb of the Spaniards 
 courfe, thep though it beft to leaue tljem Unto tljofe boificrous ano bncouth Jf5o jtb?en teas, ana 
 0,1 i«« there to hunt after them. 
 
 Che ©>paniarDS feeing now that thep wanteo foure 0? Sue thottfana of their people ano baumg 
 
 , r 'iuersmaimeoan&Gckeperfons, ano Itkewifehauinglofl 100? 12 of their pjincipall (hips, tljcp 
 
 wtultea among themftlues, Wl;at thep Were befito aoe, beingnoW efcapeo out of the banbs of 
 
 ;: ; €te 2, the 
 
tfOZJ. 
 
 TheEnglifh Voyages, TbeSpanifh Armada. 
 
 fires ccmi'iilt to 
 faile rouiiD a* 
 bout Scotland 
 tlllb Ircland.anO 
 (a to returns 
 bonis. 
 
 Idt 0}ipvt* 
 
 tuiackcofrrte 
 jE-p.iiitarSce 
 boon tticjjn 
 nil) coaft. 
 
 £>f 134 Itjipa 
 
 SfttJC&pAUIUJ 
 
 Bter.tbetere. 
 tumcDOotnc 
 but S3- 
 
 the Cngliftj , becaufc tbeic Victuals failed t Ijeni in like foit , aim tljep began alio to leant cables , 
 co wage, ankers , mads, failes, ano otljer nauai furniture, and uttei Ip defpaired of the Duke of 
 Parma bis affiflance (tobo berilp hoping ano Unooubteolp erpecting tbe rettttne of tlje fepanift) 
 jfleet, toas continuallp occupied about bis great pjeparation.commanding abundance of ankers 
 to bemade, 9 otljer ncceffarp furniturefo? a jl2auptobe pttuioco) tbeptbougbtit goo" at length, 
 fo foone as the toiuDe fijeuld fcrue tljem, to fetch a compaffeabout Scotland aim Ireland, aim fo to 
 returnefojSpaine. 
 
 jf 0? tbep ttell unoerflooo, trjat rommandement ttas giuen tfjo?otoout all Scotland, that tbep 
 ftoulo not bane anpfuceouroj affiflance there. Neither pet could tljep tn Norway ftrppip their 
 teams, ffilherefo^hauuig taken certaine &cotifb and other fiujerboats, tbep bjougbt the men 
 on boo id tbeic otone flaps' , to the end tljcp might be their guides and 19 . lots, f earing alfo leatt 
 their frefrj ttater ujould faile them, tbep cad all their hojfes aim mules oner-boom : aim fo touch 9 
 tng no toljere Upon the coaff of Scotland , but being carried ttitb a freuj gale bettteenc the Or- 
 cades anti Fa2r-Iflcs,tbepp?ocecdedfarre#io?th,cuenuiito 61 degrees of latituoe,beingdiflant 
 from anp land at the leaft 40 league?, Ipcere tlje Duke of Medina generall of tbe fleet com-= 
 mandcd all his followers to ttjaye tljeir cottrfr fin Bifcay : and he htmfclfe ttitb tttentp 0; Sue aim 
 tttentp of his (bips tobicb toere belt p jouided of freftj toater and other nece ffaries, boloing on bis 
 courfeouer the niaine Ocean, returned fafelpbome, ^extfinue ofljislrjips being about fojtp 
 in number, and committed unto bis Oice-admirall, fell ncerertoitb tbe coafl of Ireland, intend* 
 ingtbeircourfefo)CapeCIarc,becaufetbepbopedtheretog^etftefljnjatet,andtorefrefl)tbem* 
 feluesonland, 3t5ut after tbep toere jiuentottb manp contratptoinoes, at length, upon tbe ft* 
 cond of September , thep lucre call up a tempcttariiingfrom tbe feoutbtoeflupon outers parts 
 of Irelan d, toberc manp of their ftjips periftjeo, 9nd amongfl otljer?, tlje fljippe of Michael de O- 
 quendo, tobiclj teas one of tbe great tfalltaffes : ano ttoo great Qrips of Venice alfo, namelp.la 
 RattaanoBelanzara, toitb other j 60^8 l|)ipgmo?f,u!bicbpcrifijed in ftmdjptcmpctfs, toge- 
 ther toitlj 11108 of the pcrfouB contained in them, 
 
 Itkctoife fomeof the fepamuj (hips lucre tbefecono time carried toitbaffrong SIM ttinde 
 into the cbanell of England, whereof feme mere taken up tbe Cnglifij upon the it coafl,ano others 
 bp tlje men of Rochel upon tbe coafl of France. 
 
 Spojeouer, there arriued at Newhauen in Normandy, being bp temped info? ceo fo to doe, 
 one of tbe foure great <8alitaues, ttberc thep found tbe mips ttitb tbe s^panift) toomen ttbicb fol* 
 lotted the Jfleet at tljeir letting fojtb. %"mo ffjips alfottere caftattapupon tbe coafl of Norway, 
 one of tbem being of a great burthen; hottbeitalltljeperfonsm tbe Capo great (biptoerefaueo: 
 infomucb that of 134 ftjips, tobicb fet faile out of Portugal!, tbere returned heme 53 onelpfmnll. 
 anogreat t namelpoftbe foure galliaffes but one, and but oneof the foure gallics. 2Df tbe 01 
 great galleons ano bulks there ttere miffing 58, and 3 3 returned : of tbepatacbesanojab^e? 
 i7tteremiffmg, and 18 returned borne. 3nb?iefe,tberettercmiHing8iO;ips, inttbichnum* 
 ber ttere galliaffes, gallics, galeons, and otljer Ucffels both great aim fmall. and amongff the 5 j 
 flup s remaining, tbofe alfo are reckoned tobicb returned borne before tbep came into the Cnglilb 
 cbanell, Utoo galeons of tbofe ttljich ttere returned, ttere bp miffoitune burnt as tbep rode in 
 tberjauen; and fucblikemiujaps did manp others Undergo. fl)f 30000 perfonstobicbtoentt'n 
 this erpeoition, there perifljeo (accort ing to the number and p?opo?tion of tbe ftjips) tbe greater 
 aim better part ; and manp of them tobicb came borne, bp reafon of tbe toiles and tnconueniencea 
 tobicb tbep futtained in trjis Uopage.died not long after their airmail. 'Cbf Dulte of Medina im - 
 meoiatlpUponljisreturne toasoepofeo from btaautljojitp, commanded tobisp?iuatcboufe,ann 
 fo jbioden to repaire Unto tlje Court ; tobere be could bardlp fatiffie 0? peelo a reafon unto his ma« 
 licious enemies ano backbiteriB. S$anp honourable perfonages ano men of great renotomeoe* 
 ceafeo foone after their returne; asnamelp IohnMartinesdeRicalde.toitljdiuerg others. 3 
 great part alfo of tlje sg>pant(bj3obilitp and ©entrp emplopcdin tins erpeoition periujed ettbec 
 bp 8gbt,difeafes,o?owtoning,befoje tljeir arrtual ; 9 among the rett Thomas Percnot of Grand- 
 uell a Dutcbman.being earlc of Cantebroi, and fonne Unto Caroinall Granduell bis btttfter. 
 
 CIpon tlje coafl of Zeland Don Diego de Pimentcll, b?Otber UatO the S^arques de Tamnares, 
 and kinfeman unto the earle of Beneuentum & Calua , and Colonell ouer 3 2 bands ttitb ntanp 
 other in tlje fame ujip to as taken and detained as piifoner in Zeland. 
 
 3!nto England (astoefapobefb?e) Don Pedro de Valdez, a man of lingular erperlence.and 
 greatlp honoured in biscouutrep, teas led captiue, being accompanied ttitb Don Vafquezde 
 
 Silua, Don Alonzo de Sayas, and Others. 
 
 iikctoife upon the <§icotiftj Metterne 3fle? of Lewis , ano Ila, and about Cape Cantyrc up-- 
 on tbe maine land, tbere ttere caflatoap certaine g>pani(b Ojippcs, out of ttljtclj ttere faucoci« 
 
 tiers 
 
The Spanijh Armada. Traffiques 7 & Diicoueries. <5b8 
 
 ■■ " ■■ ■ ■ - - — - .-- . ■— -.,--., , — i m J 
 
 uersCapc<iiiiesanD(Semlnnm, anaalmoftfourebunDjeofoulaiers, toljo fo? t^c inofl parr, af» 
 tcr tbar fljipnijackc , "ante bjougbt unto Edenborough tn Scotland , aim being miferablpnec= 
 Dp ano nakeo, were t here ctotjjeo at the liberalitp of tiie fiing ana the S^arcbants, ano afterWatn 
 lut re fccrctlp lljippeo fo? Spaine; but the &coti(b fleet Wberetn cheppaffea touching atYar- 
 moiuhoittijt coafl of Norfblke, were there ftapea fo?atimebmiilthe CottncelspIeafureWas 
 kno wen ; who in regarD of their manifoloe miferies , though tbep Were enemies , winckeD at 
 their paffage. 
 
 eipon the Jtriflj malt manp oft&eit jfroblemen ano (Scntlcmen Were ajoWnca ; ant> aiuers 
 flatne bp the barbarous anD WilDe 3iri(rj. lj)oWbetc there Was brought pjifoncrout of Ireland, 
 Don Alon^o de Lu^on, Colonell of ttoo ano tbirtie banacs, commonlp callec a cerz.a of Naples ; 
 together With RodorigodcLaflb, anatWoothers^ftbefamilpofCordoua, Who Were commit* 
 tCS. Unto the cuCoDte of &tr Horatio Palauicini , that Monfieur dc Teligny the fonnc of Mon- 
 
 fieutdelaNoiie(tobobeino[takfnmfigl)tneereAntwcrpe > WasactaincapnfonerintbeCattle 
 ofTurney) might be raunfomebfo;! them bpWap ofcrchangc. "So concluae , there teas no fa= 
 mousnajwoojtbpfamilp in all Spaine, taljiclj in t&is Erjpeostion lott not a Ccnnc , a bjotl;cr, o? a 
 kinfeman. 
 
 5Fo? the perpetual! memojic of this matter , tlje planners catifeanewe route of &tlucr ano jiietoroiiua 
 b?au"c to be frampca : Which on tbc one Gdc containeo the armes of Zeland, With tins infeription : {^'Uf/,?,^* 
 GLORY TO GODONELY: ana on cbcotljerCoe, the pictures of certeine great cftije&pa* 
 (hips, Witbtbefe Wojas: THE SPANISH FLEET: ami in the circumference about the «j?S£ 0I,rf ' 
 feips: ITCAME, WENT, ANDWAS. Anno 1588. ©hatistofap, tbe&panub 
 fleet came, went, ana was iianquiiTjctj this pcre ; fo? which, glo?p lie giuen to (Sod onclp. 
 
 LikcWife thep coineD another kinae of moncp; wpont^eonefiBeWbcceofWas.reujefenteaa 
 (hip fleeing, ana a (hip Gncking : on the other floe foure men making pjaperstmo giuingthanks 
 Wuo<Sod upon their knees ; With this fentence: Manpurpofeth;Goddifpofeth, 1588. aifo, 
 fo j the latf :ng memojp of the fame matcer,tbep bane flampeb in Holland Dtucrs fuel) like coines, 
 acco?Dingto the cttdome of the ancient Somans. 
 
 (^bilc this woonaerfull ana puifTantjftauie teas fapltng along the Cngu'flbrDalles, aim all &*£i*6*5 
 men Dio now plainclp fee anD heare that Which before tbep woulo not he pcrfwaoeo of, ail people ttjlumtfopsa. 
 tbojoWout England pjottrateo themfclttes Withbumhle papers ana tuppIicationsbnto<Soa: EXantTme 
 lut efprciallp the otulnnaiib Churches (WbobaDgteateflcatifetofeare, anaagainft Wbonibp mmma 
 name, the S>paniaiDs haa tbjeateneD mofl gricuous tomicnte) eniopneD to tbtir people continu-- ® ot> ' 
 all fadings anD fupplications, tbat tbep might tucneawap (Sods WjatbanDfurpnoWnnminent 
 bpon tijemfo? their Gnnes : knotoing right Biell, that pjaper teas the onclp refuge againC all 
 enemies, calamities, anb nccefftttes, anbthatitiuastheonelpfoIaceanDrcliefefo^mankinDe, 
 DeingiiiSteD iuith affliction anamtferp, jLikeU]tfefucl;folemncDapcs offupplication uiereob- 
 ferueo t!)o?otoout the binteb1P?ouinces!* 
 
 aifo a toluJc after thc^pamfl) jflcet toas beparteb, t^eretoas in England , bp the tomman* 
 Dement of her SI9aieftie , anc in the tmiteb pjouinces, bp the btrection of the States, a folenine 
 fettiuallDappublikclp appointeb, toljcrem all perfonsnm'eeniopneDtor£fojtfcnrotbe£burcb, 
 aitia there to renoec thanks anD p jatfes Onto (Sod : anD the TPjeatbers, tere commanbeb to crljo?t 
 the people thereunto. 'She fojcfapD folemnitp mas obferucD bpon the 29 of 5frouember ■, mijicl; 
 Bap Was Uibollp fpent in fafling, p?aper, ono gluing of thanks. 
 
 Itkeiuifc, the iHueenes Spaieffie Ijerfelfe, imitating the ancient Komans, robe into London 
 in triumph, in cegnro of her otoneanD hecfubiectsglouousDtliuerancc, fax being attenbeo 
 jjon iierp folcmnelp bp all the pjincipallcftates ano officers of her 'ftealme, u)e bas carrieo tho= 
 roto h^c Capo Cttp of London in a trpumphant chariot,«nD in robes of triumph, ftom her palace 
 bmo the Cathecj all Church of S>aint Paul, out of the tobicbtbe entignesano colours of the ban* 
 qm3)eD S>paniarDS hung Difplapeo, 9no all the Citizens of London in their JLiucries Hood 
 on either Sae the (frcct, bptheirfeueraU<!Eoihpan{es,luuhtheirenlipesanD banners : anothe 
 'cectstoerc hangco on both floes toitb IBlem cloth, tofjtch, together toftfj tfjefo?efapD banners, 
 peeloeo a uerpffatelp ana gallant pjofpect. ^erSpatcffie being enteteb into the Church, toge a 
 thertoitbhec Clcrgieana Ooblesgaue thanks Unto (Sod, anD caufeoaBublike Sermon to be 
 jeachea befoje her at Pauls crofle; tufjereinnone other argument was banDleD,bttt thatp?aife, • 
 honour, ana g!o?p might be renaereD unto (SoD, ano that (Sods name might beertolleD bp 
 tljankfgiuing, 9na tuith her atone p jincelp Dotce uje moll Chu'Utanlp etljo^teo the people to doc 
 tbefame : whereupon the people Voit(j a louoacclamatton totlbeoljetamoft long aitDhappp life, 
 tj? die confuflon of ber fces» 
 
 • • •' €et 3 ©fcutf 
 
 : t | 
 
6o6 
 
 The Englifh Voyages, The Spanijh Armada, 
 
 ■©bus ttie mapiftcene.ljuge, atio migbtp fleet oft^e Spantarns (tohicb tbemfelucg tcrmeD ia 
 all places inuincible) fuel; a0 faplea not upon the SDcean fea man? IjunDjetb peeress befoje, in the 
 peere 1588 uanifljeo intofmoafce; to the great confufionanDDifcouragement of tljeautbourst 
 thereof. 31n regaro of tobich her SgJaieffiesi bappp fucceffe all Ijer neighbours ano frienos congra- 
 tulateu toitbbec, anDmanpuerfestoere penneo to the honour of ljer9paiellpbplearletimen, 
 tohereof fome tohicb came to our banogtoe toill here annere. 
 
 AD SERENISSIMAM ELIZA- 
 
 BETHAM ANGLIiE REGINAM 
 THEODOR. BEZA. 
 
 3 Trauerat innumeris Hifpanusnauibus cequor, 
 
 Regnis iunSurus fceptra Bricanna fuis. 
 'Tantihuius,rogitas,qua: motus caufa?fuperbos 
 : Impulit Ainbitio, vexit Auaritia. 
 Quam bene te ambkio merfic vaniflima ventus ? 
 
 Et tumidos tumida:, vos fuperaftis aqua? ! 
 Quam benetotiusraptores orbis auaros, 
 Haufit inexhaufti iufl a vorago maris ! 
 At tu, cui venti, cui totum militat ^quor, 
 
 Regina, 6 mundi totius yna, decus, 
 Sic regnare Deo perge, ambicione remota, 
 
 Prodiga fie opibus pergc iuuare pios, 
 Vt te Angli longiim, longum Anglis ipfa fruaris, 
 Quam dilc&a bonis, tarn metuenda malis. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Tl)z Spaniuj jfleetDiDflotefonarrotoSeais, 
 3no beno bet Ibips againtt tlje «Englilb fhoje, 
 JBitvjfo great rage as notbingcoulo appeafe, 
 9nn toitlj fucfj firengtrj as neuer feene before ; 
 
 9ns all toiopne tije fcingoome of tbatlano 
 
 Unto tlje togBomes that lie Ijao in bano, 
 ,12oto if pouaffcetobatfet tbisfeingon fire, 
 Co pjactife toarre tohen be of peace did treat, 
 3t toas fjis Pride, anD neuer quencrjtoefire, 
 %o fpoile that 3l&"anO0 toealtb, bp peace mane great : 
 
 t>is Pride turjiclj facte aboue tfce ijeattens Dioftoeli, 
 
 3 no 1) t s De fire as b nfuffi CD a S bell, 
 •S3 tit to ell Ijaue tomoes bis p ?oud Walls ouerblotoen, 
 3no ftoellingtoaucs alapD hia ftoellt'ng heart, 
 aaiell batlj tbe Sea toitlj gree Die gulfs untootoen, 
 DettourcD tbeoeuoutertoijis fmart: 
 
 anontarje hisujips apjaptoito trje fantr, 
 
 Chat meant to p;ap upon anculjers lano, 
 anonoto, £> Queen e,aboue all otljccs bleU, 
 tfoi tobom both toino ess ano toaucs are p jell to fight, 
 So rule pour otone, To fuccour frienos opprjeft, 
 (38 farre from p?ioe, ajs reanp to Do right) 
 
 Chat England pou, pott England long eniop, 
 
 33o letft jour frienws Delight , then foes anno?* 
 
 / 
 
 Abriefe 
 
7 be honor. yqy age to Cadi^. Traffiques,<3t Difcoueries. 6 o 7 
 
 
 . 
 
 Abriefe and true report of the Honorable voyage vnto 
 Qadizi, 1 59 6. of the ouerthrcTto of the kings Fleet ,and of the winning, 
 facking, and burning of the Citie , with all other accidents of 
 moment, thereunto appertaining, 
 
 jfter that the ttoo moff jflobleanDRcnotomeD Lents (generate :3tljeiU 
 
 Robert (garle of Eflex , anD the 1, C harles Howard 3L, ilpigb QlOmtcal! of 
 England,toere come Dnto Plymmouch (Uubicb teas about tije beginning of 
 fl^ap lall, 1 5 9 6,)betng: t^cre accomyanieo tnttlj Dttierg ot^er noblelpe cres, 
 
 80 the Carleof Suffex, tlje 1. Thomas Howard, the L. Harbert, the!* 
 Warden ©ir Walter Raleigh :tlje£.Marfhall ^)tr Francis Vere : tljC 
 __ L.Burk, DonChriftopher potmgP?ince of Portingall , poung Count 
 Lodouick of Naflaw, anD tlje SlDmirall Of the JpollanCCtlS, §>tr Iohn Vanderfoord : befioeg ma-- 
 np otljer moff UJ0?tbp Snigbts ano (gentlemen ofgreat iuoo?tb attenDing upon this moff ljono= 
 table action: 3itpleafeD them, thereto make their abooefo? tlje time of that moneth, aftocllfo? 
 tIjenetofttrmiTjtngannreutctualtngof berS^atettiegiaapaU J|3anie : as alto fo? the expecting 
 of fbme other u)ips 3 tobicb mere to come from Diners places of the Eealme, ants mere as pet term* 
 ting : making that place as it ftjoulD fceme the Rendeuous fo? all the tohole jFlectc, thereto ccm= 
 plete tlje fullnnmber of al fuch companies bottj fo? fea anD lanD: as tow in their noble ano Decpe 
 ttifetiomes thought meete ano agteeo upon, 
 
 911 tlje time of this their abooe there, there mas a moff jealous ano Diligent care hao fo? the 
 tolp feruicc of <$oD, Daplp ano reuerentlp to he frequences : ant alfo fo? othet' gjood ano ciuill oy- 
 Dets of mtlitarieoifcipline to be obfertteD, to the erceeDing great comfojt ano reiopcing of all the 
 Starts of tlje goolp ano UiellDifpofeD. 
 
 3m> fo? that it might tlje better appcare , that there toas fman Ijope of parDon to be erpecteu 
 of the offenoers, if thep Dit> at anp time neglect their Duties, about Due obfetuation of matters of 
 importance: 'Cljeir o?Ders, lames, anD Decrees being once publifycD : about the 8, o? 9, of the 
 fame moneth, there mere ttoo offenDers erecuteo alittle toittjout the totone, in a toerp fap?e plea* 
 font greene, calieD tlje Ho : the erne fo j beginning of a mutenp in Ijis companp, tlje otljcr fo? ruu* 
 nittg atoap from his Colours. 
 
 3no about tlje feme time in the Dutcbftegiment, an other fo? muttbering of one of his com» 
 panions, abouta quarrellbettoeene themfelues,riGng as it toasiuppofeD, upon tljeit ojinke, 
 ttas bp jDer of SpartiaHlato,p?efemlp tpeD to the partie lomurthereo, anD foo?tbtoitb both of 
 them fo call intone fea. 
 
 Spo?eouer, about the 28. of the feme monetb, a certaine Lieutenant (toljofe name 31 toill fo? 5 
 beare)toasbpfottnnofD?ttmmepublifeeIpmailtljeflteetesDifgraceD,o?.ratljerafterafo?tDi0= 
 graoeD, ano cafijietD fo? bearing anp farther ©ffi'ce at that time , fo? tlje taking of monep bp toap 
 of corruption, of certaine p?ctt foulDiers in theCountrep,anD fo? placing of others in their 
 roomes, mo?e bnBt fo? feruice, anD of tefle fufficiencp anD abiiftie. %%{& fcttere executing of i\x* 
 Oiceat the uerpfirff did b?eeD fuch a teepe terro? in tlje hearts of the toljole armie, that it feemeo 
 to cut off all creation of tlje like Diunoec fo? etter afte smarts to be attempteD, , 
 
 9nD bcrebefcne their Departure fro Ptymmouih,it plcafeD tljcir Lo?ofbips to publilh in pjint, 
 anD make ftnotoen to all the too?lo, efpeciallp to fuch as whom it concemeo, ano that both in the 
 latine, jfrench, t)«tch 3 €ngli(h anD «§>pani&j tongue.tohat lucre the true, iuff , ano u?gent catt* 
 fts.that at this time p?ouokeo her ^aiettie, to bmjertafte tlje p?eparing ano Getting fo?tlj of tljis 
 ib great a jQauie, annering thereunto afullteclatation, tohat^astljeirgooDMl anopleafure 
 ftjoulDbe Done ano perfo?meo of all them that ment not to incurre their olene p?tuatep?efent 
 Daungers,o? elfe were tnillingto auopse her Spaieflies futureinoignation anD Difpleafuce. 
 
 Liketoife notn, at tlje fame inQant, their omne moC pjouioent ano gotlp Decrees , tubiclj thep 
 baDDeuifeDfo?tljehonefl cartage ofeuerpparttcuferperfonintljetr Degrees anD location, lucre 
 maDeknoiucntoalimen, anD publiujeDinfunD?plM?ittngs,luithDiuers great pumujments,fet 
 Dotone ana appointeD fo? the UJilfull offenoers ano bjeakers of tlje fame. 
 
 ■^hns then, all things being in uerpgooD o?DeranDineH appinttD, the moff holp name of 
 our fflmnipotentviSoD beingmoft reltgtoullp anD Dcuourtp calieD upon , anD his blefieo ano facteu 
 Communion being Diuers times moff reuerentlp anD publfkelpceleb?ateD: 'Sljefetlaomoff 
 rableperfonagcSjtoith all tljeir honorable 9flbciats, anDmofffnmouslMO?tljplSnights,cSentle* 
 menjCaptaines.LeaDers, anDWetptoilltnganDerpettS>oulDiers,atw farmers, being fur* 
 niftjeD toith 1 jo.gooDfeple of ujfopes 0? thereabout : 3Jn tftenameof the moff J^igh ?euerliuing 
 
 (Sod, 
 
60$ The Englifh Voyages, 7 be honor. Dqy age to Cadi^. 
 
 G5oo,atm lBitb all true ano fatthtul obcDtence,to tjec tacreo ggatcttp^o t!jc infinite goon aim tran- 
 quillitieofourCountcep,amitot{jeperpetuall glo?p,ano triumphant tenotome of tbectemall 
 rnemojpoftljeir honorable names to all potteritp, tbe firG Dap of June cmbarkeD tljcmfelues, 
 toeigljeDancre,anDbopfcDbp faple,ano puttoCeaontoaro trjeir iourncp from tbe :%otonbsof 
 
 Plymmouth. 
 
 VLljt toittoe, at tfje 8r!! fetting foojtb,Ceemeo berp fauouraWe ; but pet t'n tlje em ninggroto= 
 f tig berp fcant, arm all tljat nigbt falling moje ano mo?e againft bs, and toe batting rapleo no iuu 
 tliectljentoacertattieplacecalleDDodmanheacljiijelcereconllraineDtljenejitDapjtomakeoul; 
 t eturne to tlje roao of Plymmouth againe.ano tljere in tbe sSmtonos to lie at ancre Jo? tljat night, 
 
 about this time, ano in this berp place , bp goon fortune tbere cameto mp banbes a pjaper iu 
 (Ettgli(b,toucbing trjis pjel'ent actton,ano mace bp bjr Slj)aic(Iie,as it teas bopccb : %i)t pjapee 
 feemroto mc to be tncaeuellent.aftoellfojtbe matter, asalfo foj tfcc manner, ami therefore 
 fo j certatne Diners gooD motiues tobictj then pjefentlp came tomp mtnacano toljereof berraftet 
 infjtsmojecomtentent time ano place, 31 toill make farter mention, 31 pjefumeoat tljat berp 
 indmutotranfiateitintoJLattne* 
 
 The Prayer is thus. 
 
 M©tt©mmpotentma&eranD gtrioe ofallouttoojlDs marte, tbatonelp fear cbell ano fa» 
 Domeft tlje bottome of allour bearts conccitS,ano in them fcetttlje true originals of all out 
 actions iwenceD : tljou tljat bp tbp fo?efigbt Doett truelp Difcerne, Ijoto no malice of ceuenge,noy 
 muttaneeofiniurp,no?Defireof blooDfljeD, no? greebinelTe of lucre tjatlj bjebtfoerefoluticnof 
 our noto fee out Srinp, but a tjeeDfull care,$ toarp toatcb s tljat no-neglect of foes, noj ouer-fure* 
 tieof barme mightb?eeoettbetDaungertobS,Q?glo}ptotbem ubefe being tlje grounosto&ere« 
 toitb tbouooeffi enfpire tbe minD,toebumblp befeccb tljce toitb benDeo hnees, pjofper tlje toojfte, 
 anc toitb beft fojetotnoes gttioe tbe iauntep, fpeeD tlje oicto ?p,ano make tlje returne tbe aDuance« 
 ment of tbp glo?p, tbe trpumplj of tljeic fame , ano furetp to tbe Kealme, toitlj tlje leaCt iotfe of 
 tlje Cngliuj bloooXo tljefe ocuotit petitions iojb giue tijott tbp bklfco grant, 
 
 }4y homely tranjlationis thus. 
 
 SVmrne prxpotens Deus,immenf;e huius totius noftri mundi molis fabricator & Re<5ror,qui 
 folus perfcrutaris intimos cordis noftri fenfus, & ad fundum vfq; noftrarum cogitationum 
 cxplorando pcnetras,ac ineis,quid vere,& ex animocogitemuSj&quae fint aclionum noftra- 
 rutn ratioues, acfimdamema,cognofds: ru,quiea,quann teeft,abomnia;temitatepra:fci- 
 encia , vides , quod nee aliqua vlcifcendi maliciofa ctjpidicas , nee iniuriarum teferendaruni 
 defiderium,necfanguinis effundendi fids, nee alicuius lucri, quaeftufue auiditas ad iftam 
 clafiem prat paran dam , & emittendam nos commouerit: fed potius, quod prouida quardam 
 cura, folersque vigilant ia hue nos impulerit : nevelinimicorumnofirorumnegleclus,vel fla- 
 tus noftri firmitatisnimiumfecuracogitatio, autillisgloriam & honorem,aut nobis damnu 
 & periculum pariat : Cum,inquam,ha;c fint noftri, quicquid attentatur , negotii fundamenta: 
 cumque tu hunc nobis animum, mentemq; inicceris,vt iftud aggrederemui : euruatis geni- 
 bus a ce humillime petimus, vt velis hoc noftrum incceptum fecundiflime forcunare , cotum 
 iterprofperrimis flatibus dingere , eclerem & expedita vi<Storiam nobis concederc,reditumq; 
 talem noflris militibus elargiri, qualis & nominituo incrementum gloiiz, &il]is fama:, lau- 
 difque triumphum, & Regno noflro firmam tranquillitatem pofllr apportare : idquc cummi- 
 nimo Anglorum fanguinis dilpendio. Hisnoftris religiofis petidonibus concede, Domine, 
 facrofan6tar« & annuentem voluntatern tuam. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Sftertljattoer)aDancbo?enfltPIymmouthtbatntgbt,aB31ljauefatD, tbetbiro of %im berp 
 esrlpintbemo?ning,bauingareafonablefre(bgaleofU)inDe,toefet faple, ano kept curcourfe 
 agat'ne , ano tbe nintb of tbe force moneth comming Ibmetbtng ncereto tbe|5o?tlj cape, in a 
 maner in tbe fame altituoe, a) not mucb Differing, ujljicrj toas about rlfti, Degree;s,anb fome thing 
 mo?e , pet bearing fo , as it toas impolfible to bee Defcrieo from tbe lano; ©here .it plcafcn 
 tljeio?Bsto callafclectCounccll.tobicb toasaltoapes Dane bp banging out of a fiaggcof tlje 
 amies of England,anD njooting off of a great foaming peece. flDf tbis felect o? p^tuie Counccll, 
 isereno moetben tljefe : Cbettoo JLojds ©enerall, tbe Jl.o?D Thomas Howard, ibe llojae 
 
 Warden <§>ir Walter Raleigh, tkelO?D Sgartiall &\t Francis Vere.'Sir George Cary ma» 
 
 fterof tbe©2Dinance, &irConiers Clifford, anoxic Anthony Afhley, Clarke of tljje fapoe 
 
 Counfell 
 
 i 
 
The honor. voyage to Qadiz^. Traffiques &' Difcoueries. 609 
 
 Counted, 9ntnnljcn it plcafeotljc Lops itfcnc call to call a common CotinfeII( as often tunes 
 tljepoibbpon lucightic matters bctt knomen to tljcir honours) tljentbtpmoulDcaufean other 
 Since of flagge to be hangeo out, mbicb mas tbe lS.cDcroffc of <§> f Georgc, ano mas berp eafie to 
 be BffcerncD from tbe otijertbatappertameB onelp totbefclfct Coun fell, ano fo often as this 
 flagge of ;§>aint George mashjmgebout, then came all tlje Scatters and Captatnesof all tlje 
 ujips,mfjofc opinions mere to be oemaunocb, in fuc& matters asappertapneb bnto tins fapd fe- 
 lect Cottnfcll :31c mas' p?efcntlp concluded, that our eourfc infapling (boulDfoo^btoitrjbt al- 
 tered, antj t bat me frjoulo beare moic into tbe SBeft , fo ? Come purpofc s (o them bed niiotucn. 
 
 9t that berp inflantmanp letters of inttmctions mere abD?effeb aim fent toetierppartictt-- 
 lar SOafler ano Captaineof tlje §>bips:aijbat the contentcs of tljofc letters of inttructions lucre 
 tt mas not as pet knotame bnto anp, neither mas it belt) meet to be en quired ? knomen of anp of 
 us, 15 ut under the tides ano fupcrfcriptions of euerpmans particuler letter tbefe ino?os mere 
 t noo?feo,ffipen not tbefe letters on pain of pour lutes.bnlcs me chance to befcatterebbp tempeff, 
 and in that cafe open tbem,anb erecutc the contents tbereof:but if bpmiujappou fall into pcure- 
 nemtes bano , tbenin anp cafe caff: them into the Cea,fealeo as tbep are,3it thoulo feeme that tbefe 
 letters did contewe in tbem the p?inc:pall place anb meaning of this entenbe&action, mbicb mas 
 fttberto bptfjetc oeepe fnjeftgbts kept fofecrec,as no man to mp knomieoge cither oio,o? couloe 
 fo macb as fufpect it ,mo ?e then themfelues,mbo hab the onelp managing thereof , 9 conceite in 
 mp Judgement of ojteatefi moment in tbemo?lo, to effect anp matter of impo?tance,31 meane, to 
 enteccame thofetmo bertnes^iden^S: Taciturnicatenv.fomttrh commenbeo bp the olb meters. 
 Sno if there mas ettec anp great oefignement.in this our age,ano memo?ie,oifcreetlp, faithfully, 
 ano clofelp carieo, 31 affure mp fclfe it mas this, ano though it mere but in refpect of that popnt 
 onelprpet fo? fnch faitljfull fectecie,it deferuetb tmmo?taIl p?atfe», 
 
 9lUbtsm')iU,oucu)ip3,<5o9 betbannebjteptin a mot! ercellentgoooo?aer,heirig oeutbeB 
 intofiuefquatrjons : that istofap.Cbe Carle of EiTex,tbe Lo?d9omirall, the Lo?o Thomas 
 Howard, tfteJlo?offiBar&en <§>ir Walter Raleigh, ano the 9omirall of the lj)ollanoers ♦ 311 
 tohicb fquatyons, albeit tljcp did euecp bap fepacate tbemfelues of purpofe.bp the balance of 
 tectaine leagues, as tojellto lookeouc fo?fucb fbippesas mere happilp bnoer faple, as alio fo? 
 the better mocurtng of fea-roome : pet almapes commonlp eptbec that bap , o? the nert bap, 
 tomatoe euemug.tbcp came all together, mitbfriennipfalutations andgratulacions one to an 
 other : mbicb thep terme bp tb: name of Stapling : a ceremonie bone folemnlp , ano in berie 
 pjooo o?oer , mitij fonnb of trumpets ano nopfe of cbeerefull bop ces : ano in fitch fo? t pec 
 fojmeb as mas no fmall encouragement one to the other, befoe a true repo?c of all tucij acci* 
 Mnts, as bad happened intketrfquao?ons. 
 
 hitherto, as 31 fapbe, onr iourncp mas matt p?ofpcrous , ano all our ffjippes in berp pjoob 
 plight, mo?e then that rtje S0arp Sofe , bp fome mifebance, either fp?anp;o? fpent her fo?e* 
 paroe , ano tmo oapes after g>ir Robert CrovTe bad in a manner tbelifec mifebance, 
 
 jQame being thus betmeene the j9o?tb cape , anocape &» Vincent , anb pet keeping fucb a 
 toucfe a loofe, tbatbpno meanes.tfaofe from tbe fljoare might be able tobefcrie bs : Che 
 tenth of 3iunc , a JTrcncb TSuxke, ano a jf leming eomming from the coaS of Barbaric mere 
 brought in bp fome of our companie : but thep mere botb of them berp honourablp anomell 
 bfeb bp the ILojds ©cnecall : ana fb after a feme oaves tarrpmg , lucre peaceablp fene a> 
 map , after that thep bao conferreo mitij them about fuel; matters , as mas tljougbt goob in theic 
 honojable mifebomes, 
 
 Chetmelftbof the fame monetb, ^ir Richard Leuifon JSnigrjtj affiffeb mith !§)ir Chri- 
 fiophcr Blunt, fought mitb th?ee hamburgers , ano in that fight Heme tmo of them, ano 
 hurt eleuen, ano in the enoe brought them all tb?ee in : ano this mas tlje berp fire hanfell 
 ano mapDenbeao (as it mere) cf anp matter of importance , o? crplopt mooithp obferttatton 
 that mas bone in the map outmatb of this honorable bopage, ano mas fo mcil perfourmeb of 
 tbefe mod mo ?tbp (Gentlemen, as euerp man highlp commenbeb i hem fo? their great balure,ano 
 bifcretion, anb noleffcretopceo at this their fs?tunate fucceiTc, 
 ■ Cbenejct bap after, g»ir Richard Wefton meeting mitb a f lemming, mijorefufebtobale 
 l)isfo?etoppe , miehthelikegocDcourageanbrefolution,attcmpteotob?ingbimin. Che fight 
 continueb berp hot betmeene them, fo? a gooo fpace : in t^eeno the Swan, mhercin the fapo <%ic 
 Richard mas, hab ber fo?ebeake ffrooken off ; anb bauing fpentbefo?c in fight the one fioe of Ijec 
 tireof2D?binance, mhileujepjepareota catt about, ano to beftom on him tlje other fioc, in the 
 meanetime tlje jfleming takwgthisoppo?tunitp,biogetalmo(ll)alfealeagttefroml)tm:ann 
 Cbfo? that time maoe his efcape. SnbpetthenextDap after, the fapo jriemming being ?.u a ma« 
 nergotwtbebcrpmoutljofthciatuerbptoLi5bone,mastaken > anbbjongl)tm~bp^,Dorreiu 
 
 • . being 
 
6io .• TheEnglilh Voyages, The honor, voyage to Qad\^ % 
 
 being Captaine Of the John ano Francis of London, Cbus bp ocuming tljcic rquaojons, cno; 
 fp?eaDing the tobole feaouer a rnightp toap, there coulo not fo much as the lead pitihe yaffe but 
 (&e was efpieo ano bjougbt in. 
 
 Che 1 3 . 14, ano 1 5. capes* , rectaine little flragling Carauels toere taken bp rename of t|e 
 Alette, ano in one of them a poung bcggarlp jFrper btterlp bnlearnco , torch a great packet of 
 letters fo j Lisbon : the poo?e tojetcbes toere marucUouflp tetll bfeo bp the &o?ds <Scnc 
 rail, ano that Carauel, anD the like dill as ttjcp toere tattcn lucre commaunoeo to giue their at' 
 tenoance, ano their Jpono^sDto bnoerltano What thep might of tbefe pooje men, of the ettaie of 
 Spainefo?tbiitp?efent, 
 
 about this time ano in this place it toas , that firtt in all mp life time 3! Die fee the fipingfi* 
 fces , who when thep ace hacelp ptncbeo ano cbafeo b}> the l&onitoes ano other great fifijes, 
 then to auopoe the oaunger, thep pjefeotlp mount tip, ano fo?fake the water, ano betake them- 
 femes to the benefite of their toir.ges ano make their flight, which commonlpisnotaboueJue 
 o?lirefco?e,o? there about, ano then thep are conHrapnco to fallootone into the Water againe, 
 ano it is the Mariners opinion that tbep can tip no longer tben their tomgs be toet. Che fithit 
 fetfe is about the bignefle of a S©ackreH 0? a great tohite Rearing, ano much of that colour 
 ano making, With ttoo large Wings (hapeo of nature berp cunning!? , ano With great Deli gbtto 
 beh olo, in all the too?lo much l*e to our <$en tleWom ens Dutch tfans, that are maoe eithc r of pa« 
 per, 0} parchment, o?GIke, 0; other (ruffe, tohtch totiltoith cettatnepleigbts eafilp tunne ano 
 folo themfelucs together, ©ne of thefc flptng flfbtg toas p jefentco to mp l.$ftmirall bp a fifbrr 
 man,ano netolp taken in bis i.retume from Cadiz ,ano then 31 hao gooo leafure ano oypojtuni- 
 tietobictoit. 
 
 Che 18. oap entlp in the momtng Wee tookcanjrift man, ano he came oirectlp from Ca- 
 diz, hauing beetle there but the oap befojeat ttoelue of the clotke at high noone. Chts man bc= 
 tng eramineo, tola trnelp that there toast noto great lto?c of (hipping at Cadiz , ano toith them 
 rbutojrir, gallics in a reabmeu"e,anDtbat among thofe fl)ips there toere outers of the kings 
 bed: ano namelp, ttjat ttje Philip of Spaine Was amougQ them, but What their intent Was, rjee 
 eoulo not tell* Chisman was commanoeo alfo to giue bisattenoance. 
 
 Che 2 o. of 31unc being §>unoap, toe came befo?e Ca diz berp earlp in the mojning, ano in an 
 this time as pct,the whole |2auphaonotIoQ cither bp ficknefle 0? bp anp other maner of toapes 
 Gee men to mp knotoleoge : as fo? the Dutch companp, 3 am not able p?ecifelp to fap tohat hap* 
 peneo there, fo? that thep Were no part of our charge to be lookeo onto, but toere a regiment rn« 
 tire of themfelucs, ano bpthemreluestobepjouioeDfoj,eitljerfojtljttr Diet, o?fo?thcp?tl"cr« 
 uatton of their healths bpphiHcke. 
 
 Chus then 31 fap, being an m gooo plight ano (rrong, the 10. of 3Iune Wee came to Cadiz, 
 ano there berpearel? in the morning pjefenteo our femes brfoje tbeCoWnei, rpoing about a 
 league o?fometbfoglefle, from it. Cbc fea at that inttant toentmaruelous high> ant the toinoe 
 Was erceeoing large, jaotWitbflanDing.a Councell being calico, our &o?DS<&cnerallfoo?tb' 
 With attempteo With all erpeoition to lano feme certain* companies of their men at the ©Sett 
 fioe of the Co tone, bp certatne long boats, light bojfemen, ppnnetles, ano barges maoe fo? the 
 purpofe,but coulonotcompalfe it, ano in the attempting thereof, tbeprbanceoto finite one of 
 their barges, with tome fourefco?e gooo fouloierstoeli appointee in her, ano pet bp gooo hap 
 ano great car r,tbe men toere all faueo excepting oiti. 3no therefore thep Were conff rapneo to put 
 off their lauoing till an other mo?e conuenient time. 
 
 Chat mo?ning berp timelp, there lightco a berp faire ooue bpon tbemame paro of thciL So* 
 miralsfljip^no there ujefateoerpquietlpfo?thefpace of 3.o?4.houres,beingnothingotfmape0 
 all that While, euerp man ga jeo ano lookeo much *>pon her, ano (pake their mines ano opinions, 
 pet all conducing bp no meanes to oifqutet her : 31 fo? mp par t,tooke it fo? a berp gooo omen ano 
 boaoing, as in trueth (<8oo be thankee) there fell out nothing in the eno to the contrarp. ano as 
 at our berp firS comming to Cadiz this chanceo, Co likeWife on the berp lair oap of our Departing 
 from the fame totone, another Doue p?ef enteo her felfe in the felfe fame o?oer into the fame (hip. 
 ano p?efentlp greto toonoerfull tame ano familiar to bs all, ano Die fo Sill keepe bs companp, 
 euen till our arriuall here in England. 
 
 me no fooner p?efenteo our felues,but p?efentlp a gooblp fo?t of tall Sipaniuj tbip* came out 
 of the mouth of the Uapof Cadiz,tbe ©allies accompanping them infucb gooo o?oer,ano fo pla« 
 ceo as all of them might well fuccouc each other, ano therewithal! kept tbemfelues berp clofe to 
 their totone, the ca(He,ano the fo?ts,fo? their better guaro ano oefence,abioing there aill,anoer< 
 petting our farther Determination, ail that oap pau"eo,being berp rough ano bopderous,anD Ittle 
 01 nothing coulobe Done, mo?e then that about the euening there pafleo feme frienolp ano kinoe 
 
 fafutationj. 
 
 15 
 
'/ be honor. voyage to Cadi^ Traffiques,<3cDifcoueries. 6\\ 
 
 falutationa lent one from tljeotber in lBatlikcmanerjbpoifcljarsmgCfrtain great yejceSjlitttto 
 jnp knoroleoge no butt none at all, o? elfe berp litle, 
 
 $1 carcfull ann Diligent toatclj iuas jjao all tljac nigbt tljo?ouglj out tlje uiljole arntfe , ano on 
 monoap mojntng being tlje ai.nap, tbe roinoe ano boeatljcr being become mooeratc ano fa= 
 uourable, bettoceue fine ano fire of tlje clocfce in tlje moaning, our ujipsintbenameofalmigb' 
 tie ©oo,ani>iti oefence of the Ijonour of England, boittjout anp fartljer oelap,boitlj all fpeco,cou= 
 rage, ano aIacntir,DiD fet bpon tlje s§>pani(lj ujips, being then miner faple, anb making out of tbe 
 moutboftbe'Bap ofCadiz,bptoniarn Pucntede Sua^o on Granada Cue, being in number lir« 
 tall ujips.boitlj rir, o? rr. (Sallies attcnoing bpon tbem,fo?ten in fuel) gooo o?ocr, ano reafonable 
 billanceas tbep migbt ttillamiopbs, ano alniapesrelieuetbettifeluesintercfjangeablp: bauing 
 liftenrife tlje Cattle, if o?ts, ann ©oume, continuallp to aula tbem ano tljetrs, ano aluiapes rea-= 
 Die to p lap bpon us ana ours . 
 
 3|n mott mens opinions it feemeo tljnt tbe encmpljan a toonoerful acuantage of bs,all circtim* 
 fiances being niellbJeigljeo, but efpeciallp cbefiraigbtnefie of trje place, ann tbe naturall fo?me 
 ann fituation of tbe 15ap it felfe.being rigbtlp confioereb, fa ? albeit tbe Derp Bap it felfe is berp 
 large anocrceeoing beautifull.fo tbat from Cadiz to|3o?tg>. Mary, is fome bi,o? bii. Cnglilij 
 miles ouer o? tbere abouts, pet be tbere manp rockes, fljelucs, fanes anb ftjallotoes in it, fo that 
 tbeberp cljancll 9 place fo? fearoome,isnot aboue 2,0? 3 .miles, pea ann in fome places, not fa 
 mucb,fo? tbe ujips of anp great bu«ben,to make boap in,but tbat tbep mutt eitber be fet on grouno 
 0? elfe conflrainen to run fobjle one on anotber, 3U tljis notinitbttanbing, toub great aim inuin* 
 ctble courage, tbe lows general! p?efentlp fet bpon tljem,ano footing out fome fucb conuentenc 
 GjipS,as to tljeir ljono?able boifeoomes feemen fitted fo? tljat times feruice , tljep toerc o?iuen to 
 take fome otljer courfe tben before bab beene bp tbem entenbeo* 2&lljerefo?e bpon a graue con* 
 fultation ban bp a felect Counfell, tebat great bangers migbt enfue bpon fo migljtie aoifaouan« 
 tageas appeareo in allp?obabilitp,if it toere not bp goob ano founo tuogement p?euenteo, 9 tbec 
 toritljallin tbeir lingular toifeoomesfo?efecing tbat fome great ttratageme migbt bep?acttfeo bp 
 tbe enemp.eitber bp 6re-buo?ke,o? fome otljer fubtill politike beuife,fo? tlje ba?arbtng of ber spa« 
 fellies fijips of bono? info narroto a place , tbus iuitb al erpebitiontbepconcluben tbat tljeUice* 
 aomirall.tbeJL. Thomas Howard, tbat moll noble L.Howard(robofe erceebing great magna* 
 nimitp.courage, 9 toifeoome.iopneo britb fucb an banojablekinb of froeet courtefie, boumie, ano 
 uberalitte, as is not able bp me 9 mptoeakenes to be erp?eOeo,batb Wonne bim all tlje faitljfull lo* 
 uingbearts of asmanp as euer baue bab anp maner of neaUngUjitbrjivtt^busi.ThomaSjj fap, 
 in £ Non Pareille fo? tbat time, 9 tbe Keare-3omirall &ir Walter Raleigh (a man of maruelous 
 great ino?tb 9 regarn, f 0? manp Ijis erceening Angular great bertues,rigbt f o?titune 9 great refo* 
 lutencs in allmatterS of importance) in tbecajarfpigbt alfoctatcn ioitbbiuers mofl famous too?-- 
 tbp knigljtS.namelp.^irFiancisVere tbe l.^artiall in tlje Kainbobo^ir George Cary gp.of 
 tbe 2D?binance,in tlje S^arp rofe,S)ir Roberc Southwell in tbe ipon, gentlemcnfo? alllaubable 
 goon bertucs ,ano fo? perfect courage 9 oifcre tion in all militarp actions,of as great p?aite f goon 
 Defect as anp gentlemen of tbeir oegtf e tobofoeuecbauingtoitbtbem fomeof| ftjips of London, 
 ann fome of tbe Dutclj fquaojon of reafonabte burtljen, Qjcmloleaoe tbe Dance, 9 giue tlje onfet, 
 ano tbat tbe ttoo mofi noble io?os generall toitb fome otbers of tbeir companies, ftjouln in tljeir 
 tonuenient time 9 o?oer, feconn tbe matne battell, %\)t figbt being begunne ano grouien oerp 
 rjot, tlje I.^encrall tbe Carle of Effex,(n)boteinfinitep?incclp bertues, boitb triumpljant fame, 
 beferue to be imm3?tali?eb)being on lpo?t ^.Mary fioe, bpon a fuooen 9 bnlookeo fo? of otbers, 
 tb?uft bimfelfe among tbe f o?mo8 into tbe mainebattell. ©be otrjcr moll bono?able 1 .(Senerall 
 (tobofe fingular bertues in all refpects are of fucb an ercellencie 9 perfection, as neitljer can mp 
 p?atfc in anp part increafe tbem, no? anp mans enup anp biljit blemiujo? biminifij tlje)bnoerfian' 
 bing.tbe mofinoble Carle to be infigbt among tbem, 9 perreiuing b^> tbe ^.of bis ftjip,tbe 3rke 
 ropall,tljat fo? lacfetof niater.it ttias not potfible, tbat be migbt put anp neerer, bottbout fartljet 
 beIap,calleo p?efentlp fo? bis ippnnetTe.ano in tbe fame IPpnneffe put bimfelfe,anb bis bono?able 
 ftn 3L» William Howard tljat nobo is,aboo?n tbe Honor de la mer, 9 tljere remainen in tbe figbt 
 till tbe battell boas enoeo. ©be figbt boas berp terrible,ann mot! Ijtbeous to tbe beboloer bp tbe 
 continaallnifcljargingof tbofe roaring tbunnering great pceces.cn all Ones, ano focontinuen 
 boubtful till about one 0? tmo of tlje clocke in tlje afternoone: about boljicb time tbe Philip.tnbom 
 in berp tr utlj,tbep bao all mott fancie bnto, began to peeln ann giue ouer, ber men tljat rematneo 
 aliue fitting fo? tljemfelues as tbep toere able, ano f tofmming ann running a fijoare tottb all tlje 
 baft tbat tljep couln polfiblp , 9 tljeretoitball, at tbe berp fame inftant tbemfclues firen tljeir ujtp, 
 ano fo left ber, 9 p?efentlp thereupon a great Srgofie, nittb an otljer migbtp great ujip.fireo tbem« 
 ftlttesin^likemaner,jmineoiatlpbereupon,tberefioaeoftbett)ips,rantbemfeluesongrounti 3 
 
6\z 1 he bngiiih V oy ages, c Ihe honor .voyage to Cadiz. 
 
 as fat re from bs as tbep coulo,ano tberbp purcbafeo their otone fafecp,oj tatljet b?eatbing (pate 
 foj tbetsme. aDfthem ali ttoo faire fljips onlp toere boo joeo ano t alien bp our men toitb moftpart 
 of their furniture in them, theonecalfeo S&.Macthy, au;ipbpeffimacion of remenuhtmojeo 
 tttune , ano the other £>, Andrew , being a (hip of not mutb letTec burthen, %\$. <Sallies,fe?ing 
 this fttooaine great bictojious ouerth joto, maoe all the bad tbep coulo totoaro cbeT5?ioge calleo 
 Puentc de Suaco , ano there (b?otoDco tbemfelues infucljfojt as our ftjippes coulo notbp anp 
 meancs poffible come ntgb tbem foj lathe of toater. 
 
 ■Ebe gjpanift) (hips in all toere lit. 9 as is fapo, all tall (hips 9 berp ricblp furnifbeo ano toell 
 appointee , toljcrcof fome of tbem toere bouuo fo £ ttje Indies , ano other feaightcD ano furniujeo 
 fo? Lisbon, as themlclucs affirme: ano Ijao toe not come that berp time that toe did, (toln'cbfo? 
 nip part, 31 do not attribute & much bnto meere cijance, as to Come fecrct oeepe infight ano foje« 
 fenotoleoge oftvje ttoo mod toojtbp JU?os generall,tobono Doubt fpareo fo j no cofl oj labour foj 
 true intelligence) toe hao certainelp mifl of them all, 
 
 ffif toljat great toealtb ano richesthefe (hips toere, that 31 leaue to other mews iuogement ano 
 report, but fure 3! am.tbat tbemfelues offereb ttoo millions ano a halfe of Ducats foj the rcoemp« 
 tion of tbe gooos anb riches tbat totreiti tbem: tobtcb offer of tbeirs, albeit it toas accepteb of tbe 
 iLojoa ©enerall, anb fijoulb haue beene receiueo , pec toe toere oefeateo of it, as hereafter fljall 
 bemojeatlargeDeclarcb, 
 
 HClljat matter of fight (bis toas.f toitlj tobac courage perfo?meD,anb toith tohat terror to tbe be» 
 holoer continueo,tobete fo manp thunbering tearingpeeces toerefo? fo Ionga timeoifebargeo, a 
 leaue it to tbe fteaoer to tb tnfce 9 imagine.get fuel; toas tbe great me rep 9 gooones of our lining 
 <Sob j tbat in all tljis cruell terrible fight, in tbe enb, there toere not either tlaine 0} hurt bp anp 
 maner cf meancs (excepting one mifebance that bappeneo,toherof 31 toill bp 9 bp mane mention) 
 nianpabouc tbe number of 100. of our men i nottoithttmioing Diners ofourfbippes toere manp 
 times (hot t bo joto anb t bo? oto : pea anb fome of tbem no leffe then ttoo anb ttoentie times ,;as 31 
 toasenfonneo bp crebible report of tlje Captaines ann Rafters t&emfelues. 3)Riiotoenotof 
 anp other hurt bone, fatting onelp that £>ir Robert Southwell, toho altoapes fijetoeb himfelfe a 
 mofi bait ant refolute knight in all this action, making a title too much haffe tottb his pnneffe to 
 boojbtbe Philip, haothere bis faio]|3inueffe burnt toitlj the Philip at the fame infiant, anb pet 
 ip gooo careano Diligencehis men toere faueo, 
 
 t)ne other mifebance (as 3! fato) there happeneD,ano it toas thus : ©ne of the JFlcmingsflte 
 boats , toljo Ijno ,in all the conflict befo ?e, carieb himfelfe berp toell ano bal tan tlp.about ten of the 
 clocfee tootle the fight continueo (barpeff, cbanceo bp great negligence ano miffojeune, to be fi» 
 reo ano blotoenbp bpbis otonepotooer, toljo coulo not haueanpfetoerin ht'm,thenonehunojeo 
 fighting menbp allftippofall, ano fo tntheberp ttoincWtngof an epe, both fljippe ano men toere 
 all cafi atoap , excepting bit. 0? bitt. tobtcb bp berp gooo fortune, ano great care ano Diligence of 
 fome of tbe other (hips toere faueo. 
 
 ammcotatlp bponthis notable bicto^p toitfjout anp farther flaptnaHch^toojto.thelloijD ge« 
 nerall the € atle of Effex put to D)0?e,anO lanoeo about 3 ooo.fijot ,9 piftemen: of tlje tohiflj ntttn« 
 ner the one balfc toas p^efentlp Dtfpatcheo to the 8?ioge Puente de Suaco, bnoer the conouct of 
 th?ecmoftfamottStoojthpfemghtS,S)irChriftopherBlunt,€>irConiers Clifford, ^<§>trTho- 
 masGerard : toitb the other balfe, being about fifteene hunojeo, the mofl noble Carle of Effex 
 himfelfe, being accompaniebtoith Diners other honorable iojos, namelp the Carle of Suffex, 
 thel,0?OHarberr,thc£o?DButk,Count Lodouickof Naffaw,tbe iLo?0 S©arttalli§>ir Francis 
 Vere , toitb manp other toojxbp Knights, ano men of great Kgaro,toho all in that oapes feruite 
 oio moff baliantlp behaue themfelues , tottb all erpeoition poffible marcbeo on foote totoaro the 
 totone of Cadiz \ tobich toas about th?ce €ngliu) miles march. "C&at time of the oap toas be* 
 tp hot anb faint , anb the toap toaB all of o?p oeepe flpoing fano in a manner , ano befioe tbat, 
 berp bneuett, ano bp that meanesfotirefome ano paineftill as might be, Cheenemiehauing 
 reafonable companie both of hojfe ano footemen , floooc in a reaoineffe fome gooo oidance 
 toitbout the totone to toelcomebs , ano to encounter the to?oe ©enerall. 15ut the mod fa< 
 motts Carle toitb bis baliant ^troopes , rather running in becoe in gooo ojoer, then marching, 
 haffeneo on them tottb fuch bnQiea&cable courage ano eclcritie, as toitbin one houres fpace ano 
 lefle, tlje hojfemen toere alloifcomfiteoano put to flight, their leaoer being firooften ootone 
 at the berp firtt encounter , toljereat the footemen being toonoerfullp oifmapeo ano affo» 
 niujeb at the bnerfpecteo manner of the CngliQjmens kinoe of fuch 6«ce ano refolute 
 fight, retp^eo tbemfelnes toitb allthelpeeoe poffible that tbep coulo, to recoucr tbrmfeiucs 
 into the Cotone agatne, tobiclj being Done bp them , toith farre ftoifter legges then manlp cou» 
 rage, our men toere enfojceo to (kale t&e toalles : tobich. thing in berp oeeoe,alehaugh it toas not 
 
 toitbout 
 
The honor. voiage to Qadi^. Traffiques,& Diicouenes. 6n, 
 
 toitbout great Banger anoBifftcultp to be perfourmcB ; wet fucb uiae tfee tnuincttile refutation, 
 ano tbe toonnerfull oejctcritp of trje CEngiiflj, that in otic fjalfc boure o) thereabout, tbe encmie 
 teas repulfco,ana tbe totone tnallpoCTetTctJ^bp tlje noble Carle bimfelfe, bcingin all this action, 
 either tbe uerp firfl man oj els in a mane r ioinea toitb the firff, 
 
 %he totone toalles bemgehenpofleffeo, ana the Cngliuj Cnfigne being tljerc tit fplapec upon 
 t&em^itrj all Tpeenc poffible tbep p?occeDeD on to mar c^ tbows'J *be totone, making Jrtlltbuc 
 Doaie toitb ftoojae ana (bot to toellastbepcoula, beingfiillfougbttoitballateuerpturne, 
 
 Jlmmcoiatclp Upon this rnolf famous entrie, the noble Carle, (accoutring to their refb* 
 JuttonSjas 31 tafee it, put ootone before) toas feconaeabp the noble 1, 9Bmirall inperfon , tobo 
 bias accompanies, toitb tbe noble L.ThomasHoward , the mod toojthp gentleman his fonne, 
 
 tlObJ'L.HowardjSir Robert SouthvvelljSir Richard Leuifon, ant) tottbOiuerS Other gentlemen, 
 
 ^isI.follotoersofgooDaccountJbtscoloursbeingatJuanfetibptrjatualiantrefoIute gentleman, 
 (a mau beautified toitb manp ercellent rare gifts , of gooo learning ano bnoerffanoing) <%>. Ed- 
 ward Hobby K light, 9no tbushe lifeetoife marching toitb alpolTble fpecae onfoote.nottoitlr- 
 fianoing bis I . manp peres, the intolerable fjeate fo? tbe time, ano tbe ouertiring teoious ceepe 
 fanog, toitb other manp impcoiments : get ingooa time, iopneo bimfelfe toitb the Carle anu 
 Ijis companics,ana gaue them tbeflrongelt, ano bcftalfiftance that be coulo. 
 
 Cbus thentbe ttoo Itojosi&enerau toitb tbetr companies being iopneo together, ana pjocee* 
 m'ngfo.farreas tlje market place, there tbep mere hotlp encountereo, inhere ano at tobac 
 time, thattoojtbp famous knight Ss>irlohn Winkfield, being fojetoounoeo before on the thigh, 
 attbeberpentrpoftbetotone,anopetfojaUtbatno tohit refpecting bimfelfe, being carieoa* 
 map toitb the carehebao to encourage ano airect bis companp,toastoitb tbe ftjotofa mufiset in 
 tlje beaomoffbnfoitunatelp llaine, 
 
 9na thus befo je eight of tlje cloche tljat night toere tbefe ttoo mod noble lojas <£c neral> $$&-- 
 fiers of the market place ,the fo jts,ano the totjole totone ana all, cnelp tlje Cattle as pet boloing 
 out, ft from time to time as tbep coulo,ffill annopt'ng them toitb feucn battering pieces. 3Bp thts 
 time night began to groti) on,ano a feint) of peace oj intermiffton Uias obtaineo bp them of the Ca* 
 Ole t to tobome the i ojas <S5enerall haa fignifiea : tljat bnlette before the nert aap in the meaning 
 tbep tooulo abfolutelp renBer themfelues,tbep fijoula looke foj no mercp,but ujoulo euerp one be 
 put to tlje ftoo ja : bpon tobich meffagetbep toobe Deliberation tljat night : but in the morning be* 
 fojebjeabeof aap thepbangeo out tbetr flag of truce, ano fo toitbout anp further compofitiott 
 to'Dpeelothcmtelues abfolutelp to their mercp.anDBeliuereotopthc Cattle, 
 
 9no pet nottoitbttanoing all tljts,m the night time tobile tbep haa this refpite to paufe,ana Be* 
 liberate abouttbe peacemaking, there toereaiuers great anafuaaame alarms gtuen : tobiclj bib 
 ireeofome great outrages ana aifojBer in the totone, 9t euerp ttujichalarme, tbe ttoo iojocis 
 flSenerall fljetoea tljemfelucs maruelotts reaop $ ffljtoaro, infomuch that at the berp firfl alarme, 
 ffeant toel furniujcB toitb anp mo je aefence then their ujirtSjbofejano oubIets,pbofe too altoge* 
 ther in a maner tontteo,tbep toere ab?oao in tljettrectes tbemfelues.tofee the bttermoft of it.'But 
 fb j that it is not as pet bcrp toefl knotoen (o j at tlje leaC not tocll knotoen bnto me) either tober* 
 tb?e,ojbptohomthefealatmestoereatttmpteat 3lamthetefo?e totntrcat,that a bare report, 
 that fucb a thing toas aonc.map fufftce, 
 
 'Eljefc things being aonc, ana tljis furrenaer being maae, patent proclamation toaspublf* 
 fteo, that the furp nolo being palf , all men ujoula iurceafe frc m all maner of blooa ana cruell aea* 
 ling, ano that there ujoulo no kino of uiolence o? hataufage be offeree to anp,cuhcr man, toomait 
 o?cbila,bponpatneofBeath : 9no fo permitting the fpople of fo much of the totoneas toasbp 
 them tbougbtmeete, tothecommon fouloiers fojfomecertaincOapes, tljep toere continual* 
 1$ in counfell about other graue Directions, beet knotoen to their honorable toifeaomes, ■ 
 '■ Chis honorable ana mercifull Caict 31 amfure toas Crcightlp ana rcltgioullp obferuep of 
 ?be Cngliuj : Kuthotouiell it toas kept bp the Dutch, 31 toill nether affirme,no? pet oenie.jFof 
 31 percciuebettoeenetbemana the §>paniaras there is an implacable hartburning,ano therefore 
 as foone as the Dutch fquaa?on toas efpieo in the fight, immeaiatlp thereupon both tbep of Si- 
 uil ana s§). Lucar ano alfo fome of fome otherplaces oio not onelp arreft all fitch Dutch fbtps, 
 as Belt toltb them frienolp bp the toap of traffick % S0archanaife , annfo confifcatea their gocos, 
 but alfo mtpjifoneBtbe Sgarchants aiio ©toners of tbefame, ano,astherepo?t goeth,oio intreat 
 manp of them tottbwreamecrueltp thereupon, ' .• 
 
 3ntlje meanetohiletheberpnertBap being tlje ttoo ana ttoentp aap of 3!une, all the<g>paniuj 
 IbtppeBtohichtoereleftongrounaintheBapof Cadiz, tohercthe great'Otierthjoineljao bet ne 
 buttljeoap before, toerebptbe&pamarostbemfelwestberefetonfirei ano fo from tljat time 
 fojtoarotljepneuerleftburningof^em,tiUctietpofteofthem,BoOBjjanoaU, as fawe asmee 
 
 ^ff knoto 
 
6iq. The Englifh Voyages, Tbe honor voyage to Qadiz^ 
 
 kttoto toere burnt ano confttmeD, Chis their ooing toas much maruelleo at of \>$ , ano to much 
 the mo?e,foj tbat>as 3 Capo befiwljere bao bene mane Come offer fo? the rebemption ano faumg 
 oftbegoooPjanDittoastioctotbemDnhKotoent^attbisitljerc offer toas not mtfltkeo , but in all 
 pjobabilitie fboulo haue bene accepteo, Che common opinion toas, that this toas cone citfcrr op 
 the appointment of the Duke dcMedinaSidonia,o? els bp erp^effecommanocment from the 
 Ijiffljeryotners* 
 
 jiSot long afterthefame time (tbjce capes as a remember) the gallies that toere runneon 
 grotmo , bio quitte themfelues alfo out of that place, ano bp the bjinge of the aiatio calleo 
 Puente de S ua^maoe their tea v rounb about the fame 3]Iano , anb fb bp putting themfelues to 
 tlje mame fea, etcapeo tpatotonecalleb Rotta,notfarre off, but fometbing bp totoartstlje 
 Cotoneof ^aiMLucars^ano there purchafeo their fafetp bp that meaner 
 
 Chus toas this notable bictojie, as toellbpfeaasbplanb,botb begunne ano in effect per* 
 foutmeo,toithtothecomj)att"e, fnamaner, offourteenehoures: athingintruethrottrange 
 ano aomirable,aS m mp iuogement toill rather bee toonoeteo at thenbeleeueo of potteritie, 
 anu if euet anp notable erploitin anp age toas comparable to Csfars Veni, Vidi, Vici, cer« 
 tainelp in mp poo?e opinion it toas this, 
 
 J^cre it 10 co be toiibeo(ano perchance of fome too it is looked to?) that euetp mans parti* 
 rulat toojtbp arte in this & apes ferutce, toith the parties names alfo, fboulo be put ootone, 
 that tfoerebp both thep anb their gooooeferts might be regittreo to all pott critic : anb fo? mp 
 part 3 tooulo it toerefo , anb toifb 31 tocrc able to boe it, "But fb; that 31 confeffe it is a mat* 
 tertbatpatfethmp potoer,pea,anofoj that athinke it alfo a thing impofiTble to bepjecifelp 
 perfourmeobp anp other, 31 amtocraueparbonfo? that 31 rather leaue it out altogether, thm 
 p jefume to ooe it mapmeblp : ano in this point 31 referre the Keaorr onelp to tbe spappe 
 chat is fet too jth of this iourntp , tobcre it is in fome parte conuenieutlp touches ano fpc- 
 cifiee* 
 
 Che Cotone of it felfe toaS a berp beautifull totone, anb a large, as being the chtefe 
 feee oftheUiftjop there, anb haiung agooolpCathebjallCburchm it, toith a right gocolp 
 abbep,ajaunnerp, aitoanerceeoing fine College of the aefuites, ano toas bp natural! fi» 
 tuation, as alfo bp berp goob fortification, berp ttrong, ano tenable enough in all mens 
 opinions of the better iuogement, Ckeir builbing teas all of a kino of barb fione,euen from the 
 fcerp foundation to the wp, anoeuerphoufetoasinamannera kinoofafojt oj Cattle, altoge* 
 ther flat-roofeo in t&e toppe, after tlje Cutkifh mamier 3 fo that manp men together, anb that at 
 cafe,mighttoafeetteron:hauingbpontbehoufctop,greathPapesoftocigl)fpttoanespiltbbpiB 
 fitch goooojoer, asthep toere reabp tobethjotoenootone bp eucrptooman mott eafilp bpon 
 fucvj as paffeo bp, anb thettreetes fb; the mottpart lb erceeoingnarroto, (3 thinketo auoioe the 
 intolerable gteatheat of tbefeunne)assutttoomen o? tbjeeat the mott together, caninanp 
 teafbnablefojtemart^ thorough them, no ttreete being b?oaber commonlp then a fuppofe 
 SHatlingflteetein London to be. 
 
 Che totone is aitoget&er toithout glaffe, ercepting tlje Churches , pet toith faire comclp 
 toinbotocs ,anb toith faire grates of iron to tbem , ano baue berp large folding leaucs cf ttatn* 
 fcot, o; the like. 3t bath berp feme CbimnieS in it, of almott none at all ; it map be fome one 
 cbimnep in fome one oj other ofthelotoer out roomesoflett account, feruingfo>fomeneceu"6rp 
 bfes, either to toalh tn, oj the like, o? els nobse ano then perchance fo? the ojeffing of a.otujof 
 meate, hauing, as it fhoulo feemebnto me, almapes a greater care ano refpectbototokrepe 
 themfeluesfrom attktnb of great beat,tben Ijott to p?ouioe fo?anpflo?e of greatrotte, at has in 
 ft bprepojt of them that ujoulbbettknotoit^omefourethoulanoanbmoe^fuerpgoob able figh* 
 ting men,ano firehtmti jeo horfemen at the leatt, j!3o queftion but that thep toere toell furniftjcB 
 ofalltbmgsappmatningthereunto,efperiallpfomanppooujipslpingchere,aiibb£ingfou)ell 
 tto?eo toith all manner of munitionjUjo^ann potooer, as thep toere. 
 
 ©ahether thep Ijaoknotolebge of our commmgojno.acanfap notljingtoit : Cfcemfeltttf 
 giue it out tfeat thep bnoerttooo not of it,but onelp bp a Carauel the iTrioap at cuening before toe 
 came, OBut together thep kneto it o? no, thus much a oarebololpafftrme, that if theCngliuj hao 
 benepoffeffebofthato? the like Cotone, ano hao bene but hatte fo toell pjiouibeo astbeptocre, 
 thep toouln haueoefenoeo it fo } one ttoo monctljs at the Ieatt,againtt anppotoer toljatfbeuer inaf 
 Cbfittenoome, tSut furelp05 ©D isamightp 05 © D, ano hath atoonoerfull ferret flrcke 
 in allmatters.efpeciaHp of toeight anomoment, SEIrjetftcc their hearts toerekilleo atthe mig'p 
 tpouertbjotobpfea, o?to^et^er thep toere amafeoattheinuincible courage of the Cngl-.fb, 
 tohich teas mo^ then o^oinarp, caring no mo?e fo? either fmall fbot o j peat, then in a maner to? 
 fomanpljailettones, oiVtyttyx t&e «np|feofa g««tP confeience totoarotheengltuj nation, 
 
 fo? 
 
1 he honor. yoy age to £W/^.Traffiques,&Difcoueries. 615 
 
 fo? tijcir Dttljonocableano DtueliQ) pjactifcp, agtiintt (jcr i^acrcp ipuelne, anotije KeaUne, (a 
 mactcr that eaff Ip begcttctb a faint heart in a guiltp minoe ) j toijat other thing there toas in it 
 3ilmoto not, but be it fpotsen to tljeir perpetuall IbameanD infamte, there toagneucrtbmg 
 tno?cre£oIuttlpnerfotirnKOoft^etout:agious(£nglifl;,nojmo?c3)amcfuHpIoaof tlje bragging 
 g>paniatD, 
 
 2Df uiljat tocaltb t&t«totutic IboulD be,3l am not able to reEGluetbeaffcer t fo?3Iconfeu*ethat 
 fo? mine otone part, 31 bao not fo much gceo luetic, as to be parca&er fomucb as of one pemtie,o? 
 peimptoojtb. ipoiubete mp ill fortune mafcetb t&attotone neuer a toljitthe pooler, Kutagic 
 Qjouin appeare bp the great pillage bp ttje common fouloiers, aim fonte mariners too , ana b^ the 
 gooolp furnitures, that toere-oefaceobp the bafer people, anotljcieopbtteilp loft ano fpoplco, 
 as not tooojtb the carping atoap, aim bp the ouer great plentp offline, 2DpIe, 9lmonos, ©« 
 lines, RaiGns, Spices, ano other neb groccrp toates, tljat bp the intemperate oifojoer of 
 fomeoftberaujerfojt tocrefenocfet out, ano lap trampleo bncerfecte, in cuerp common high 
 toap,itibouloappearetbat it toas offomeberpmigfjtp great toealth to tljefiraotoners, tljougb 
 perchance, not of anp fuel) great commooitie to the lattfubDtiers,fo? tljat 31 iuoge that the better 
 part tnas moll rpoteufip ano mtcmpcracelp fpent ano confumco, QL Dimmer in mine opim-- 
 on toerp much to be lamenteD,anD if it might be bp anp gooo meanes ttincoieo , in mp conceit, it 
 lucre a moft honourable ocuice. 
 
 %\iz jaXeonefDap, ^hurfoap.ano jf rioap follotoing, the £ o?os (Seneralt fpent in eeunfill,a= 
 bout tljenifpoflng of allmatters, aftocll touching tlje totone ano pjtfoners, as alfo concerning 
 all other matters , thought meete of tljem in tijeir honourable toifcoomeg, ano in all that meane 
 tobileoio Ojetofttclj honourable bountp ano mercp, as i$ not abletobeerp?eueD, jFojnotonelp 
 tbcliucs of ctterpone toerc fparco, but alfo there teas an efpeciaicare hao,tbat al tlje Religious, 
 as iuel men as toomen,fl)oulo be toell ano fattotirablp intreatco,tobom frcelp toithout anp manec 
 of ranfomeojt other moIefiation,tljep cattfeoto bcfafdptranfpojteti ouec toPort Sainc Marie, 
 a totone in a manner as fap je as Cadiz : but at that time, as tbe cafe Dio ffanD,certainelp fenotoen 
 to be of no toealtb in the luojlb , ano it mas feme fire 0? feuen miles ciflant ouer againft Cadiz, 
 tnamanerasPaules isagainff South warke, ontheotberuDeofthe2$ap,inaparcofAndalu- 
 
 zia, fubiect to tlje terrttO?p Of tlje Duke de Medina Sidonia. 
 
 S^o?couer,at the fame irdlant tbep oio appoint tljat toojtbp fe.nigbt §>ir Amias Prefion , ano 
 fome others in fome conuenicnt 35arfe.es, to tranfpojt otter to tbefapo 'Cotonc fafelpanoitt 
 gooo ojoer, a btmojcD ojmoeof tlje better fojt of ancient gentlewomen , ano marcljants toitteg , 
 toho torn fuffereo to put upon cbemfelueg , fome of them ttoo, pea, lome thjee futes of appa= 
 rcll, toif [j fome conuenient quantitic of manp Setoels, (Ojaines, ano other ornaments belonging 
 to tljcircSatcano Degree, <§>uch bias tlje heroicallliberalitp, anoercecDing great clemencie, 
 ofthofe moft honourable Lojog*$enerall 3 therebp, as it ftoulo feemc bnto mee, beating Botone 
 tljat falfe ftit'imfeo Dpinion,tobich bath bene hitherto commonip fp;eao atyoaD, ano fetleo amoug 
 the Spaniaros : iuhichis(,^hactlje CEnglifi) ooe trouble them ano their countries, mo?efo? 
 their gotoc, riches ano pcarlefc. thenfojanpotheriuttoccaCon. Gaijereas bp tbefe tijeir ho- 
 nourable oealings it is manifesto all thctoojto, tljatitisonelpin refpectofaiuttrcuengefo| 
 the'manifoloe iniurics, ano moaoiujonottrablepjactifes that bauebeene from time to time at-- 
 tempteo bp tljem againtt bs ano ournati6,anballo in tbeotfenceof the true honour of England; 
 tobich thep hafte fought, ano oaplie ooe feefee, bp fo manp RniOcr anb wp?oc|jftiIl DCttices,fo muclj 
 as in tljem lictb, to Deface* 
 
 apon g>aturoap being the 26. &ir Iohn Winkfield fem'ght toas bunco , in honourable ano 
 toarlifee manner, fo farrc foojtlj as the circumttances of thattime anir place coulD permit. Sic 
 toljofe funerals the 3l2auieDifcljargeD a great part of their ©finance, in fitch o?Der, as toast 
 thought meete ano conuenicnt bp the lojDg (Scnerals commanDcment, 
 
 Chetlnerapfeucnth Dap being g>unoap, in the Sbbep the Diuine feruf cr 'jag IjaD, ano a 
 learneDgjermonmasmaDethcrebponespaflerHopkins, tlje right honour,, .<e earle of Eflcx 
 his preacher, a man of gooo learning anb fuoecte bttcrante ,ano eucn there the fante oap,fome= 
 thing befo?e the fermon teas maDe,thefe toojthie ©entlemen follotoing toere bntghteo bpjthe 
 3to?B8<6eneraL,9nDbere 31 am to fignifiebptljetoap thatttooof tljcfe toere fenigljteDth?eeoj 
 fture oapes befo?e, ano fome tbjec 0? fbure mot toere fentghteb after that time, upon certatne oc- 
 caaons; butpet31holoeitbca ( ano 31 trtiStoithout offence) to recite thro names* in this Place 
 altogether. 
 
 The 
 
 ■■:'■'■ ■' . . .• - 
 
6\6 The Englifh Voyagcs^lbe bon.voiage to Cadis*. 
 
 The names of fuch noble men and gentlemen, as were 
 
 knightedatGft&AinIunei5?6 by thetwomofthonou. 
 
 r«ble Lordes General!. 
 
 '3ime 21.22, 
 
 . *7« 
 
 S3Ir Samuel Bagnol. 
 §>it Arcbur Sauage, 
 €C^e Carle of Suffcx, 
 %\fc io?D Hatbert, 
 Cbe&OjDBurk. 
 Count Lodowick. 
 Ji>tr William Howard. 
 <g>tr George D'Eureux, 
 Sir Henry Neuel. 
 J§>tr Edmund Rich. 
 S§>l'c Richard Leuen. 
 S>ir Peter Egomort. 
 S)trAnthonic Aflaley, 
 S>it Henry Leonard. 
 £s>tr Richard Leuifon. 
 S»it Horatio Vcre. 
 J§>ir Arthur Throckmorton, 
 !§>ir Miles Corbet. 
 5§>ir Edward Conway. 
 J^tr Oliuer Lambert, 
 5«>tr Anthony Cooke. 
 S§)ir Iohn Townefend. 
 3§>ir Chriftopher Heydon. 
 J§)tr Francis Popham. 
 <£s>tr Philip Woodhoufe. 
 5&ir Alexander Clifford. 
 J§)ir Maurice Barkley, 
 feir Charles Blunt, 
 >§>ir George Gifford, 
 g>ir Robert Croffe. 
 feir lames Efcudamor. 
 *§>trVrias Leigh. 
 
 fett Iohn Leigh , alias Lee. 
 
 Ǥ>tr Richard Wefton. 
 
 &tr Richard Wainman. 
 
 <§>ir lames Wootton. 
 
 felt Richard Ruddal. 
 
 feirRobert Mansfield. s 
 
 @>tr William Mounfon. 
 
 felt Iohn Bowles. 
 
 ^ic Edward Bowes, 
 
 S>irHumfrcyDruel. 
 
 SirAmiasPrefton, 
 
 §>tr Robert Remington, 
 
 §>tr Iohn Buck. 
 
 §>ir Iohn Morgan, 
 
 ©trlohn Aldridg, 
 
 fetrlohnAifhindon. 
 
 i§)t'r Matthew Browne. 
 
 @)ft Iohn Acton. 
 
 J§)ir 7 nomas Gates. 
 
 S&irGillyMericke. 
 
 feir Thomas Smith. 
 
 !§>irWilla:iiPooley. 
 
 S>tr Thomas Palmer. 
 
 fe»ir Iohn Stafford. 
 
 fetr Robert Louel. N 
 
 g)tr Iohn Gylberr. 
 
 <§>ir William Haruie. 
 
 ^irlolmGray. 
 
 DonChrift.pjtnceof Portingal. 
 
 g>it Iohn Vjnderfoord$Dmirall 
 
 of tlje if ollanocrs, 
 
 g>tr Robert Dudley. 8.atlguff. 
 
 31 amnot curious t'tt placing tbcfe gentlemen,but put tijemDotone at a Denture, flDnlp 31 haue 
 obferi!eD,asneereas acoulo^jeiuflDapanDtimetobentheptotrecreateD. anaatruff torjrre 
 tlje place of it fclfe is fo Uaojttjp ano equall, there the bare naming ano placing of tbe partfesjfhal 
 bjeeoerioofftnce,o?mabeabtfparitp, t£he ttoo gentlemen thattoere laft Knighted recemto 
 their bnigbthotD in tbe toapofoutreturue from Cadiz: theoneoftbcmDponthefra , notfarre 
 from tlje 13ap of tbe Groyne,at tobat time our fbips Boon Dpon tbeir flaies fo? afpace, toljile cer« 
 taine ipinnaffes toere fent to oeftric tobat&jipping toas at tbe Groine: Che other at Plimmouth 
 in tbeopen ftreete,tobcn the iLojop ©enerall tame from the^>ermon, ®bc one a man of long 
 f eruice, ano goon defert among tbe Dutch : tljeother of fo manp goon parts of a toojtbp gentle* 
 manias tbe like are feloome feene to concurrent anp, 
 
 3! fpakeinp" beginntngof berS^aietttespjaiecbJbtcrj 3!pjcfumtD(thougbDntoojtbp)totran» 
 Rate into iLatine : ano notoe at trjisiUerp time , there teas fome oppo jtunitp offereo,foj to make 
 fome Dfe of that trandation, jfoj notoe being in Cadiz , attending Upon mp mofrbonourable' 
 goooiojo, 3ltaIkedtoitbcertatneoftbeKeligious men.fuclj as 31 found IearneD,tebfH>f in* 
 seen there mere fome, though not Der^ manp. 31 talked alfotm'tb thelSifhopef Cufco there, 
 agraueageocomelpman, anobcuigoflatechofentotbat^itbopjicke, hetoasastben tobaue 
 gone to tbe 31noicj$ , bad not toe tljcn taken bim p?ifon er ,anD fo QapeD bis iournep fo; tfjat time, 
 ll\ it b tfjefe men euer as occafton Did feme , 31 did feeke notoe ano then to fpenoe fome fp c ecb, 
 ano to entertaine time toitbafl, 31 tooulo b jeake toith them of tbis our bicto?ie,ano of tbe intu* 
 ties ano bad Dealings oftrjeir prince anfi Countrep offered to ber spaieflie, toberebp ujee toa* 
 pjouoheo , ano in a manner d jatocn to tljis action ; tljouctlj otijertotfe of Ijer oton molt ercellent 
 
 pjincelp 
 
 
7 he honor. voyage to ^W/^.Traffiques^&Difcouenes. 6\j 
 
 pnncelp gooo nature.Qje teas altogether groen topeace 5 anD ptttnes* Sim allocs m iuiiu v &\.t 
 of our conferences^ tooulo (heto them a copte of bet S^aicDtcs p jaier in t a: tne, nihicb % liao sfc> 
 
 toaies of purpofe reaop about me.toljerfap it mig^t tl;e better appeare ijnto t[Km,!)ou) ljntoiuiiiftt 
 Ip,ano topo boto great 9 bjgent occafiona her 9g)ateltp iuas,a8 it tterc enfo jceb to unuertakc this 
 action : anb tl)ecetoitI)all3IDtbbfenjtoanat|cntobettou)bpontbfmacoppoftbefanirintoji» 
 tmg.^Chep feemeo in all oucuiaro iberu to alloto of mp fpecches,ano copjaifs: her ^atefttes gooo 
 mclination.mw camefflp to toiib tbat tbere might be a firme conco jd ano peateagaine, 
 
 gjtpleafeo tbe Lojos general to ocale crcecoin:r fauouraMp toith cbt0 faio 3t(bop of Cusco: 
 fo? it urns tljeir gooo plcafure to giue him big frcepaflage nritrjout anp ranfome, anb tbcrctoirljal 
 to let Ijini to unoerttanD.tbat tbep came not to beale toitlj £burcb-men, 0? unarmed men, oj umh 
 men of peace.ujeaklings 9 cbtlojen.neitbrr ams it anp part of tbetrmeaning to make fucfa a bop-- 
 agelwgolb^lue^o^aiipotljertbeirbjealtljaitDricbrsi.fc/jDtittbcittOeironlp commmgiuaBto 
 meet toitb their oiibonojable pjactifes^ano manifolo imuries, 9 to ocale toith men of toarreana 
 ralour.fo? the Defence oftlje true honour of England:ano to iet tbem tobnoeritanD.tbat tobenfoe* 
 tier tbt p atttmptea anp bafe-conceitco 9 atibonojable p jactife to tbeir fotieraigne Sluccnc, their 
 figfcttrefle.tbjtt it Qjoutti bereucngeDtothebttermou\rjc. 
 
 3ln this meane fpace.toljilc the lops general continuco at Cadiz^tljcre came to tbem certain 
 poo je to jetchea ^urhs, to tbe number of ? 8,tbat baa bin a longtime gallp-tlaues , ano either at 
 tbe berp time of tbe fight op fea.o? els immeaiatelp thereupon, taking tbe oppo?tunitp, ino then 
 mahe tbeir efcapcanombfojimtolanb^ecloingtbemfclues to tbe mercp of tljeir moB be notable 
 jLojofljips.It pleafeo tbem toith all fpeeD to apparel tbem.atiD to furntfh than toitb monep, ana 
 all otber necelTai tes,aut> to beffoto on tljem a barke,ana a ptlot,ta fee tbem freelp anb faftlp ccn* 
 ueieointoBarbary.uJilltng tbem to let tbe coumrep onocrflanDtobat toas bene, anOtoljat tbej» 
 baa feene.itajherebp 31 aoubt not^but as ber i^aiettp is a molt aamtrable pjince alreaap,oucr all 
 Europe, all A tHck,ana Afia,ana throughout Cb^enoomcifo tbe tobolctoojiDe be reafteriljall 
 Ijauetuftraufetoaomireljsr infinite Pjtncelp bertues, anathercbp bee p^ouofecn to confcfTe, 
 tbatasfijebatbttnmighttlp protectee ftom time to ttme.,bpih:potocrfuIbanD of -the almigbtp, 
 fobnaoubtcalp, that (be is to be iuagea ano accounttoof bs.to be bis mottfacieDbanomiiioe, ana 
 cljofen belTel.'anutbercfo^tobatfoeuer toickta beftgnement ujalbe confptreaana plotieaagaintt 
 her gaiety bereafter.fljalbc thought to be confiiireo,plottta,anD tntenoea againfl tbe alinigbtp 
 jjimfclfc : ano fo? tbat caufe,as 3 truCftalbe bp tlje infinite gooones anb merrp of that almigbtp, 
 migotiip fruttrate ano ouercb jotoen. 
 
 'She 28,oap being Spunaap,tbe Jl.^Dmiral came aboo?a tlje 9rke againe , mtnaing tbere to 
 remainefo^afpacejasinDeeDbeoi&.anDtipontbeaDuifeofbis pjifition, to beale fometljingin 
 pljpficke,fb? tbat bis l»founDljtsbotpfomeibingoutofframr, 9ttbattime it pleafeo bis L. 10 
 m?tte certain letters totljeDukeof Medina Sidonia, fo^tbeDeliucranceofCngltfbcaptiues, 
 luljo toere remaining in tbe gallies. JFoj b^ tljis time.tt toas repo jteo.tljat tlje fatoe Duke teas 
 come ooume inperfon tottfj fome poujer.ano tbat be toas either at Port S, Mary, o? els at Rotta, 
 0} thereabout, ipts i.Dibenoite tbe letters bimftlfe, butbisplcafuretoaSjtbepujoulQbe turneb 
 into iatine bpanotbi r:ano fo to be fent(as inoeeo tljep toere)in trjelattne tongue bnto the Duke, 
 
 A copie of the Lord Admirals letters to the Duke of Me* 
 
 din a Sidonia. ' 
 
 Ulujlrifsimo Trindpi Duct de Medina Sidonia. 
 
 "I LIuftriffime Princeps, ex nonnullis quibufdam Hifpanis intelligimus,ExcelIentiam vcftram 
 J iam nunc effe apud portum S^Marrt.Et quoniam in anno Domini 1 5 8 8. id nobis tunc mu- 
 neris aflignatum erac a ferenifs.noftra Regina domina mea,vtconcra vos.veftrasq; copias 3 Ego 
 folusprocotempoteGeneraliseffemconrtitutusrldcircononopinamur vobisignotumefle, 
 quammitequoddam,& humanum bellandi genus,tum hie iam in hoc ipfo tempore,3duerius 
 huius loci populum atq; incolas vfurpauerimus : turn etiam fxpius ancehac quam humaniter, 
 benigneq; eos omnes tradtauerimus, quos ex veftris iure belli captiuos acceperimus.Ex quo- 
 rum numero quam multamillia,etiam gratis,nulloacceptoprecio,libertate donauerimus,id 
 putamus omnibus efle teftatius, quam vc a quoqua dencgetur.Quocirca, neq; vllo modo no« 
 bisinmemem venire.potert,vtdubitemus,quin parem etiam in vobis humanitatem aduerfus 
 noftros captiuos fimus reperturi.Cum igitur nobis compertu iam fit.habere vos in veftris gale- 
 ris.exRegin3E noftrgfereniflimae Domina; mex fubditis vnum & quinquaginta captiuos : non 
 equidem dubitamus, quin eos omnes fitis relaxaturi,& ad nos ruiffuri: ea lege, ac conditione, 
 
 Fffj vt 
 
m 
 
 The Englifti Voyages/The hon. triage to Cadi^, 
 
 vt totidem ex vcttris hie captiuis eiuidem loci acq; ordiuis,mclioris ctiam f 01 ralUs nota^accon- 
 ditioniSjhomuncios, ad vosvicillimremittamus.Idquodnos failures data fide ipondemus, 
 quaniprimumnoftros captiuos ex vefMsmanibusacccpcrimus. Hacinre fi noflro defiderio 
 ac voluntati parum (atisfa&um eric, aliud profedlo tunc potthac belli genus ingrediemur, ali- 
 uinq;belIandimorem cogemur,etiam inuiti, & contra voluntatem prol'equi. ExRegia An- 
 glicanaclaffeapudCW»*.vltimoIumj,ftilo antique I 596. Carolus Howard* 
 
 ®!;efe letters toere Cent bp a sspam'arcand an anf toere toas bjougfjt from tlje Duke toitb al 
 conucntent fpeetsand as it fljouia fe erne bp tbe JLaamirals lurt aufuicre returned to Ijim in to?t= 
 ting.tobttbimmeDiatlpljereaftei'foIotoetlj.tteDuhedc Medina Sidonialjia letters lucre {jonc* 
 raulc,ano toitb good regard, 
 
 A copie of my L.Admira!s fecond letter.to the Duke olt^tedtna Sidoma, 
 I UdflriJfimoTrincifi Duci de Medina Sidonia, 
 
 iLluftriflime PrincepSjliteras ab exccllentia veflra hodie accepimus : qua: vero noflrafic 
 ad illas refponfio,tiobiles ifli viri, qui veflras literas ad nos pertulerunt,plenius declarabunt, 
 Hoc interim cupimus efle penitus perfuafum Excellentigveftif , nos fedulo operam datutos, vt 
 in omni honorificaebenignitatis humanitati'fq; genere,expcclationi veflra? omni ex parte re- 
 fpondeamus, Quodad Anglicosnoftros captiuos attinec, quosab Exccllentia veflra hue ad 
 noscraftinodie milium iriexpedtamus.in eare pollicemur ExcellentisE veftrx, quodplenius a. 
 nobis veflra: voluntati fatisfaclumerit: & quod pro illis captiuis talcs nos captiuos vobis re- 
 mittemus 3 quaIestuabipfoDom.^/m^<j,tumabalijsillu(trib.viris,quiaDom, PertaCarero 
 in jllorum ad nos fauore mittebantur,commum cum conlenfu crant ab ipfls approbati»Si vero 
 quis alius iam captiuusefl vel poflhac futuruseritinnoltra poteftate, pro cuius redemptions 
 nondum plene conuen-tumeft & ftipulatum de certo pretio perfoluendo : concedimus Excel- 
 lencias veflrg,vt inhocttiacafu vos,veftroproarbittio, de illis quicquidvelitiSj imperetis. Ex 
 RegiaclaffeAnglicana, apud CW/*,3 4 dieIulijfiyloantiquo t 1 jpd, 
 
 Carolus Howard. 
 
 %\)t xizn uap afte^bemgtlje 4,of 3!u!p,tfje LlL.gencval caufeD ibe toteuof Cadiz to be let on 
 fire,and raCeo * defaced fo mttcrj as tbcp ccu!d,tlje faueratljcc^al Churcb,ano tbe religious bou* 
 fes onlp being tpared,and left bnblemiu;ed,3nd toitb tlje toten alfucbpjouiGon fo? ujinping,f * 
 ttjer t!jmgs,astoere feruiccablefo? $ i$.bfe,fr pet toere not eitljer fo conuemem fo? bs to be cartcn 
 atoap,o? els fucb as toe (food no toljit at all in need of,toerr Iikctotfe at tljefanie intrant confumea 
 toitlj fircSno p?efcntlp t(jerupon,tbcir Lo?du)fpo,toitlj as conuenienc fpeco as tbep ccitlDjanD tije 
 faj'oolearinp in fucb gcoao?3eranBSetfure,ast(jtptIjougbtbca ; came aboo?v ' 
 
 Cbenerti3apbemgtbe5,of3Iuip,tljeJLI.gencraliiJtil) all tljcarmie being bntier tailed noiu 
 makingfo? England,^ but as pet pafftng tlje berpmcutb of tbe bap ef Cadiz.a gallepfttl of (Eng* 
 Kftj pjifoncrSjtoitljaflagoftru^metbsfro Rotta,fcntbpti;cD.of Medina Sidonia 3 $fenc as 
 it ujottldfceme, one bap latertben !jis ppmife : but pet tijecr flag being ctr&er ltotbigenottgfj, 0? 
 not toe! placec in tlje g<iliep,o? not toe! oifcerueu of our »ncn,o? bp tobat otljer irtifefjance 31 fenoto 
 not : but tljus tt toasHtp one of our finalleHujins p fatleefojmolr, alTaone as tfje Cno gallep came 
 toitbm gunfifjotjtbere toas a great peecestfebargeb bpon Ijer,f at tljat inftant tljere tons one man i 
 tlaine cutrigbt,ana 2,otljer grtcuouflp burt, Clje erro? being eQjieo anb percetueti,our fljip gaue 
 oucr tnmiebiatlp ftom^np fartljer Cwattng* Sflbone ais tlje galjep cajneneerebs.mp l.»9bmt s 
 ra! cattfeo a gracious falutaticn to b« founceb toitbtfe twimpcts,^ toi'Ileo tlje captains fojtbtoitfj 
 to come aboo?o fits ujtp : toljtcb tljep.btn, aim tben be feafleo tljem toitb a berp fine ana honorable 
 banket , as tlje time mm place nrigtjt &rue, 3nb tben bp. tljem bittiesfi^nwng of tljat bnfo jtunate 
 mifcljancetbat bao bapneo bp tlje ujot of tbe fain u)ip,be toasberp fo?p fo? tlje tame, anu petfuclj 
 toas tfje merctfulpjoutoence of almigbtp <Sot, tljat euen in tljis mifcijance alfo,beTJio boln (jls bo* 
 !p bans oner tlje <SngIiuj. 3nb al tbe Ijarme tbat toasoone sits iigbt onlp bpon tljepoo?e % urfcantt 
 tlje §>paniari> Ijimfelfe, JEHben tljis Lo?oebaatoelI banqneteo tbem,bee pjefentlpcalleflfu? 
 ftis bargcanti bio accompanp trje faid gallep to tlje io?ue general tbe Carle of Effex, tofjo tben 
 DtD rioc toitlj bis finp a good Bid ance offt and tljere tbep being in !ike maner molt famojablp recti* 
 ueu, ano intettaineo, tbe§>panifbgentlemedeltueredbptljesrp?ifenerstije€ngli(b captiue*, 
 of toljS lime bad bin tljere 6 pere,fome 8,0? ten:pea,and fome 22.peere,and bptoarb, and fome of 
 tljem but latelp-taken in S.Francis Drakes laCt boiage to tlje Indies^lje number of tbe p?ifoners 
 tieliuereo toerebut j9,and no mo, and toereb?ougbtm,anooeliuereobp Don Antonio deGo- 
 rolla and bis b?otbcr,ano bp Don Pedro de Cordua,a«D ccrtaine ot!jers»3if pou demaunu toljp, 
 of one and fiftie Captittes^ljere toere no moe deiiueted tljen toas , 1 p?eftttjpofe,(and 31 tbtnke 
 it true to)tfjat at tfjat time tberefidue toere farmer off in ftmejremote places of !§>pauic be= 
 ftotoed i arid fo bp tljat meant* , not able at tfjts time to bee in a reaotnelTc , but pet like 
 
 tnouglj 
 
The honor, voiage to Qadi^ Trarriques,& Difcoueries. 619 
 
 enougb t^at t&ere te Come gooD oj&cr taken fo? them hereafter, to be reoecmeo,ano few out t m= 
 to England. 
 
 3f anp man p?efume bere ft farre,ais to enquire Ijoto it cbanccD,tbat tbe £o?t>jzf generallrefle& 
 fo long at Cadiz,ano went nofartber.ano tobp Pore S.Mary being ft faire a totone, anD ft neere 
 to tbem, toasfo?bo?ne , J anDtobpShercs *//*.» Xeres ?3no tobpRouaano tbe like'*. 3rd tobp 
 tljis o? that toa0 Done *: 3nD tobp tbat o? trjis left imoonc *: 31 toill not anftocre Ijim toitb out com- 
 mon€ngli(I)p?ouerbe,a.s3Imigbt,tobicbis t Cbatoncftolemapafkc mocqucfrions in one 
 louce.tben ten oifctete men can tod anftucre in Sue Dape*. 
 
 $ut tbat graue auncient to?iter, Cornelius Tacitus, rjatb a toife,b?iete,pitbp Taping, ana it ist 
 
 tbte : Nemo teucauit inquircre in columnas Here «fo,fan&iufq; ac reuerentius habitum eft de 
 faclis Dcorum crcdere,quam fcire. Wl)k\) faping.in mp fancp,fittttrj marucilousS toell ft? tlrtS 
 purpofe;ano ft mucb tbe catbet, fo; tbat tljis Cadiz, is tbat berp place, (at Icafl bp tljc common o- 
 pinion) tob ere rJbofe fato pillers of Hercules toere tbougbt to be placeo: ano,as Come fap.remaine 
 as pet not farce off to be fecne, TBuc to let tbat parte, tbe faping bear c t lj t bts Diftrete meaning in 
 it , albeit in a »?etp kino of mpfiical maner bttereb : % bat it beflttetb not inferiour perftns to be 
 curious, o? too tnquilmue after ip ?mces aetions.neit ber pet to be ft fatocp ano ft malapert ,as to 
 fecke to oiue into trjtir fecrets , but rat ber altoaprs to batte a rigbt reuerenrj conceite ann opinion 
 of tbem,anb tbcic Doings; ano tbcron ft reding our intoaro tbougbt&to ftck to go no furtber.buc 
 fo to remains reabp altoaics to arme our femes toitb Dutiful minois,anD toilling obcDicncc,to per= 
 ft jm ano put in crecution tbat tobicb in tbeir oeepe imlgbc ano beroicall oeBgneincntg, tljr p ftjall 
 fo? our geoo , anD tbe care cf tbe common toealtb Determine upon. 
 
 3U)i0,anDmucb leffe to.mtgbt fufftcetofatiffie anp bonettminoeDman, H3ut pet if anp toil! 
 neeDs oettre to be a little ftrtbec fatiffieD,albeit it neeoe no t,pe t t(jen,t bus mucb 31 care ftp ami 
 affirme.tbat bponmp knottleogctlje cbiefeftcaufe tobp Pore Saint Mary , anD tbe rcfl toere left 
 bntoucbeu.toas tljis : jFo? tbat it to as mod certainlp knotoen ,tbat tbep toere totonesi not tooo?tbj 
 tbe faluting of fucb a copal companiejin tobicb tbcretoau no maner of toealtb in tbetoo?lD left, 
 mo je then bare boutfcs o f ftone,ano UanDing toaUcs,ano migbc toell bauc ferneD ratljec as a flale, 
 percbance,co baue entrappeD,tben ajf a meancs to baue enricljeD. 3 ns it Ijao bin mo?e then a fufpt= 
 turn of follie ,6? fucb an acmp as tbisf,to baue &ugbt to Sgbt toitb tbe aire, ano to baue laboureo 
 toitb great paine ano charges, pea,ano toitb ftme eutoent Danger too, to baue ouer tb?otocn tbat, 
 tobicb coulo berp litleo?notbing baue p^ofiteDjbeingDettropcD: anD pee notoe , can Doe as little; 
 barmebetnglefe,anttiiet,bntoucbeD, 
 
 9no t bus mucb ft? our iourncp to Cadiz : ft? tbe accioenta tbat bappeneo bp rije toap , fo? tbe 
 luinning,fpoiling,anD burning of tbe faio t otone , ft? tbe ouereb?otoe of tbe ©paniflj .fleet t ber e, 
 ano fo? al o tljer bp-matters tbat bappeneo,a0 appenoances to tbe fame, botb in tbe time of out a= 
 bone tbcrcas alto at t^eberp iafl Ijourc of our comming from tbence. 
 
 9s ft? our returne bome,anD our entrance into a part of Portingal bp tbe toap,toitb tbe taking, 
 fpopling,anD burning of tbetotone of Faraon tbere,anD marcbing into tlje Spanttrj confines tber* 
 abouts.f c. 31 mince to leaue it to ftme otber,tobofe cljance toas to be p?eftnt at tbe action, as mp 
 CelEe toas not, ano ujalbe of mo?e fuSicient abilitp to p«ft?me it. 
 
 The end of the firft volume. 
 
THE 
 
 SECOND VOLVME 
 
 OF THE PRINCIPAL NA- 
 VIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAF. 
 
 fiques and Difcoueriesofthe Snglijb 3\(ation 3 mz&z by 
 
 Seaorouer-Iand ,to the South and South-eaft parts of the 
 
 World,at any time within the compare of thefe i tfoo.yeres: 
 
 Diuidedinto two feuerall parts : 
 
 Whereof the firft containeth the perfonalJ trauels, <Scc. 
 
 of the Enrlijb, through and within the Streigh t of Gibraltar ' to Al- 
 ger, Tunis ,and Tr/poluia Barbary, to K^ilexmdria. and Cairo in AEgypt , to the Ifles 
 ofSici/ia,Zaxte,Candia;T{bodus,Cypriu,and Chio,xa the Citie of Conttantwop/e, to diucrs parts 
 of 'zA(ia minor, to Syria and Armenia,\o lerufalemfind other places in ludaa ; As alfo to A- 
 rabia, downe theRiuei , of£«^rato\ ) to.B<*i^'/<J»and Balfara, and fo through the Per. 
 Jian gulph to Ormuz, Cbaul, Goa,and to many Iflands adioyning vpon the 
 South parts oiApa; And likewife from Goa to Cambaia, and to all the 
 dominions oiZclabdimEchebarihe great Mogor ■, to themighty 
 Riuer of Ganges, to Bengata, Araean,Bacola, and Qjon- 
 deri,to Pegu,to Iamahai in the kingdomc of Si- 
 am , and almoft to the very fron- 
 tiers of China. 
 
 The fecond comprehended the Voyages, Traffic!^ ,&c. 
 
 of the Englijh Ndfro^made without the Streight ofGibraU 
 
 tar,to the Iflands o(ihees4$ores,of Porto Santo, Madera^nd the Canaries, 
 
 to the kingdomes of Barbary,to the Iflcsof Capo Verde,x.o the Riucrs of Senegafiam. 
 
 bra,Madrabiimba,3ai Sierra Ifon^tochecoaftofGwmMandBm/n^othelilcs 
 
 of S.Thome and Smta.Heleiia,to the parts about the Cape of Bunna EJj>e- 
 
 r«»5^»,to Quitmgont neerc MoTgrnbitjuejio the Ifles o{ Comoro and 
 
 Z(in^i.ir,to the citie of Goa,beyond Cape Comori,w the Hies 
 
 of micubar , Gomii Tola, and Vulo Tinaom , to the 
 
 maine land of MalaccaflnA to the king- 
 
 dome of lunfakon. 
 
 f By Richard Hacklvyt Preacher,andfometime Stu- 
 dent of Chrift-Church in Oxford. 
 
 G$ Imprinted at London by George 'Bijhop, 
 
 %alph Newheryj and Robert Barker, 
 
 ANNO 1500. 
 
 t 
 
1 
 
 
TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE 
 
 Sir %obert Cecil Knight, principall Secretarie to 
 
 her Maieftie,mafter of the Court of Wardes and 
 Liueries,and one of her Maiefties raoft ho- 
 nourable prime Counfell. 
 
 Ight honorable hauing newly finifhed a Trea- 
 ty? of the long Voyages of our Nation made into the 
 Leuant within the S freight ^Gibraltar, ejrfrom 
 thence oner-land to the South andSoutheaftparts of 
 theworld,all circumflances con (idered^J found none 
 to whom 1 thought it fitter to bee prefented then to 
 i your/elfe.-wherein hauing begun at the higheft An- 
 tiquities of this realme vndcr the gonernment of 
 the Rom ans ; next vnder the Saxons ; and third- 
 ly Jince the conquejl vnder the Normans, lhaue 
 continued the histories vnto thefe our daycs . The 
 J time of the Romans affoordethfmall matter . But 
 after that they were calledJoence by jorren inuafions of their Empire , and the Saxons by 
 degrees became lords in this lland, andftortly after receiuedthe Chrijlian faith, they did 
 not onely trauellto Rome, but pajfed farther vnto ler\i(a.lcm,andtherewith not contcn- 
 /^,Sigelmus ^j^e/Shireburne in Dorcetfhire carted the almes of king Alfred e- 
 uen to the Sepulcher ofS. Thomas in India, (which place at this day is called Maliapor) 
 and brought fiom thence mojl fragrant 'J} 'ices, and rich iewels //tfo England : whiSiew- 
 els,as William o/Malmesburie in twofundry treatifeswriteth, were remaining in the 
 afore fay d Cathedrall Church to befeene euen in bis time. Csfndthis mofi memorable voy- 
 age into India, is not onely mentioned by theaforefoydMalmcsbmie, butalfo by FJoren- 
 tms Wis ) omicnh's,a graue and woorthy Author which liued before him, andbymanyo- 
 thersfince, and euen by M. Foxe in hisfirft volume of his A<5ts and Monuments in the 
 life of king Alfred. To omit diners other of the Saxon nation, the trauels of Alured 
 tijhop of Worcefter through Hungarie to Conftantinople,Wy£ by Alia the leffe into 
 J?ho£mciaandSyth,andthelikecourfeofln^u]phus,notlongafterwardAbbotofCroi- 
 landfet downe particularly by himfelfe,are things in mine opinion right worthy of memo- 
 vie. After the comming in of the Normans, in theyeere 1 096, in the reigne ©/William 
 Rufus,42fc//2 downwardfor thej}ace ofaboue sooyeeres^fuch was the ardent defire of our 
 nation tovifite the Holy land, and to expell the Szractns andMahmnctaxis,that not on- 
 ly great numbers of Erles } Bi{l)ops,Barons,and Knights,but euen Kings,Princes,and Peercs 
 of the blood Roiall,with incredible deuotionjourage and alacritie intruded ihemfelues into 
 this glorious expedition. Afuffcientproofe hereof are the voiages of prince E dgar the ne- 
 phew of Edmund Ironfidejo/RobercCurtois^o/^ro/WilliamRufuSj^^r^/^- 
 neuolence of king Henry the 2. andhis vowe to hauegone inperfon to thefuccour ofleru- 
 ia]em,theper/onallgoingintoPa\$(iinaofhis/dnnekingRichard thefirft, with the chi- 
 ualrie, wealth, andihtpping of this realme ; the large contribution of king lohn^andthe tra- 
 uels of OliiKt Fitz-Roy hisfonne^sisfuppofedfWith^anv^n Glanuile£r& of Chcfter 
 
 * 2 to 
 
^The Spi&k dedicatory. 
 
 to tbefiege o/Damiata in ^Egypt : the profperous voyage ofRichzrd Brie a/Cornwall, 
 ele tied afterward king of the Romans,**;^ brother to Henry the j, the famous expediti- 
 on of prince Edwzid,thefirfl king of the Norman race of that name? the iourney ofHcn- 
 ry Brie of Derbie, duke of Hereford, and afterward king of this realme, by the name of 
 Hen ry the ^.againf the citie of Turns in hixics^and his preparation of [laps and gallics to 
 go himfelfe into the Holy land,ifhe had not on thefudden benepreuentedby death ; the tra- 
 ueloflohn of Hollan d brother by the mothers fide to king Richard the 2 into thofe parts. 
 All thefe, either Kings, Kings fonnes,or Kings brothers } expofedthemfelues with inuincible 
 courages to themamfefl hazard of their perfons,liues,andliuings, leaning their eafe 3 their 
 €ountries, wines and childrenjndttced with a felons deuotioh and ardent defire to protect 
 and dilate the Chriflim faith. Thefe memorable enterprifes in part concealed, inpartfeat- 
 tered,andfor the moftpart vnlooked after,! haue brought together in the befl Method and 
 hreuitie that T could dcuifeJVhereunto I haueannexedtheloffeofRhoQes,wbich although 
 it were originally written in French ;yet maketh it as honourable and often mention of the 
 JEnglifli nations of any other Chriftians that feruedin thai mofl violent fiege. After which 
 enfueth the princely promife of the bountiful! aide of "kingHeniy the S to Ferdinando 
 newly elecledking of Hungane, again ft Solyman the mortallenemie ofchriflendome. 
 Thefe and the like Heroic all 'intents andat tempts of our Princes ,our Nobilitie ,our Clergie, 
 cfr our chiualryj haue in the fir ft place expofedandfetfoorth to the view of this age, with 
 the fame intention that the old Romans fet vp in wax in their palaces the Stattw or ima- 
 ges of their worthy anceflors ; whcreofSz\v& in his treat ife of the warre tf/'Iiigurtha/nr*- 
 teth in this maner : Sarpe audmi ego Quintum maximum, Publium Scipionem, prate- 
 rea ciuitatis noftra? praclaros viros iolitos ica dicere, cum maionim imagines in- 
 tuerentur,vehementiflimeanimum fibi advircutemaccendi. Scilicet nonceram 
 illam,neq-, figuram,tantam vim in fefe habere,fed memoria rerum geftarum flam- 
 mam earn egregijs viris in pe&ore crefcere, neq; prius fedari, quam virtus eorurrt 
 famam & gloriam ada?qiiauerit./^«f often heard(quoth he )how Quintus maximus, 
 Publius Scipio,andmany otherworthy men of our citie were woont to fay, when they be- 
 held the images and portraitures of their anceflors, that they were mofl vehemently infla- 
 medvnto vertue. Not that thefaydwax or portraiture had any fitch force at all in itfelfe, 
 but that by theremembring of their woorthy affes, that flame was kindled in their noble 
 breafls, and could neucr be quenched,vntillfuch time as their ownevalure had equalledtke 
 fameandglory of their progenitors. So,though not in wax , yetinrecordofwritinghaue I 
 prcfented to the noble courages of this Bnglijli Monarchic, the like images of their famous 
 f>redecejfcrs,with hope of like effefl in their poferitie. And here by the way if any man jh all 
 think, that an vniuerfallpeace with our Chriflian neighbours will cut off the emploiment of 
 the couragiotu increasing youth of this realmefhe is much deceiued.For there are other mo ft 
 conuenient employments for all the (upcrfiuitie ofeueryprofefion in this realme.For,not to 
 meddle with theJlatcoflre\a.nd,nor that ofGuiana/here is vnder our nofes the great ejr 
 ample countrcy ^Virginia; t he In-land whereof is found of late to beefofweete andhole- 
 fomeaclimate, Jo rich and abundant in flitter mines, fo apt and capable of all ' commodities 9 
 which \t2[y,Spzme,andYrancQcanaffoord, that the Spaniards themfelues in their owne 
 writings printed in Madrid 1 s S 6 ,andwithin few moneths afterward reprinted by me 
 in Paris, and in afecret mappe of thofe partes made in Mexico the yeere before for the 
 king ofSpzme, (which originallwith many others is in the cuHodie-of the excellent Ma- 
 thematician Af. Thorn as Hariot) as alfo in their intercepted letters come vnto my hand, 
 bearing date 1 $ 9 / .they acknowledge the In-landto be abetter and richer countrey then 
 Mexico rfw^Nueua Spamzitfelfe. And on the other fide their chiefe ft writers, asVe- 
 ter Martyr ab Angleria, <?#^Francis Lopez de Gomara, the mofl learnedVenetian 
 IohnBaptiftaRamufius.W the French Geographers, as namely, Vopiliniereand the 
 rcfl, acknowledge with onecenfent, that all that migh tie trail of "land 'from 67. degrees 
 
 Northward 
 
The Epi/ile dedicato) ie. 
 
 Northward to the latitude almoft of Florida!?/?* first difcouered out of 'England, by the 
 commaundementofking Henry thefeuenth, and the South part thereof before any other 
 Christian people of late hath bene planted with diuers English Colonies by the royal con- 
 fent of her f acred MaieFtie vnder the broad feale ofEn^land^hereofone as yet remai~ 
 neth, for ought we know,aliue in the countrey. Which action jfvpon a good & godly peace 
 obtained,it Jbal pleafe the Almighty toflirre vp her MaieFtics heart to continue with her 
 fauourable countenance (as vpon the ceafrng of the warres of Granada., heeftirredvp the 
 ffirite of Ifabella Queene of Cattile, toaduaunce the enterprife of Columbus) with 
 tranfforting of one or two thoufand of her people, and fuch others as vpon mine owne 
 knowledge will 'mo ft willingly at their owne charges become i^fduenturers in good num- 
 bers with their bodies and goods; jlie frail by Gods aff fiance, in flwrt fpace, worke many 
 great and vnlookedfor effects, increafe her dominions \enrich her cofers, and reduce many 
 Pagans to the faith of Chrift. The neglecting hitherto of which laFt point our aduer fanes 
 daily in many of their bookey full 'bitterly lay vnto the charge oftheprofeffors of the Gofpell. 
 No fooner jbould we fet footing in thatpleafant and good land,and erect one or two conue- 
 nicnt Fortes in the Continent, or in feme lland neere the mnine, but eueryftep we tread 
 wouldyeeld vsnew occafwn of action, which I wifl) the Gentrie of our nation rather 
 to regard, then to follow thofe foft vnprcfi table pleafures wherein they now too much 
 con fume their time and patrimonie, and hereafter will doe much more, when as our 
 neighbour warres being appeafed, they are like to haueleffe emploiment then nowe they 
 haue, vnleffe they bee occupied in this or feme, vther the like expedition. Lsfnd to this ende 
 and purPofi giue me leaue •( I befeech you) to impart this occurrent to your honourable and 
 prouident cofideration: that in they ere one thoufand fiue hundred eighty andfeuen,when 
 I had cattfed the foure 'voyages of Ribault, Landonniere, rfWGourges/0 Florida, at 
 mine owne charges to bee printed in Paris, which by the malice of feme too much affect i- 
 oned to the Spanijh faction, had bene abo tie t wen tie yeeresfuppreffed, affoone as that 
 bookecametothe view of that mterend andprudent Counfeller Monfieur Harlac the 
 lord chief e InHice of France, and certaine other of the wife ft Iudges, in great choler 
 they asked, who had done fuch intollerable wrong to their whole kingdome, as to haue con- 
 cealed that woorthie worke fo long? Protesting further, that if their Kings and the E- 
 Jlate had throughly followed that actionjctancehadbenefreedof their long ciuill wanes, 
 and the variable humours of all fortes of people might haue had very ample and manifold 
 occafions of 'good and honest emploiment abroad in that large and fruit full Continent of 
 the West Indies . The application of which fent en ce vnto our fe lues I here omit, hafle- 
 ninv vnto the fummarie recapitulation of other matters contained in this worke. It may 
 pleafe your Honour therefore to vnderstand, that the fecond part of this first Treatife 
 tontainethour auncient trade and traffique with Englifli (l)ipping tothe /lands of Sici- 
 lie, Candie, and Sio, which by good warrant herein alleaged, I find to haue bene begun 
 in the ye ere i $ 1 1. and to haue continuedvntill theyeere i f 5 2. andfomewhat longer. 
 But Jhortly after (asitfeemeth) it was intermitted, or rather giuen otter (as is noted in 
 mafler Gafpar Campions difcreet letters to master Michael Lock and master Willi- 
 am Winter infertedin this booke)frst by occafioofthe Turkes expelling of the foure and 
 twentie Maunefes orgouernours of the Genouois out of the lie of Sio, and by taking of 
 the fayd lland wholie into his owne handin^slprill, 1566. fending thither PialiBa- 
 fha with foure fcore gallies for thatpurpofe ; and afterward by his growing ouer mightie 
 andtroublefimc intbofe Seas , by the crucll inuafion of W\co\\a and Famagufta, andthe 
 whole lie of Cyprus by his lieutenant GenerallMuila.'phi Bafha. Which lamentable 
 Tragedie I haue here againe reuiued, that the fofler'ttie may neuer forget what trufl 
 may bee giuen to the oath of a Mahumetan, when hee hath aduaimtage and is in his 
 choler. 
 
 Laflly, I haue here put do wne at large the h apple renuing and much increafing of our in- 
 
 * $ terrupted 
 
T/je Epiftle dedicatorie. 
 
 «. King capf. 
 3,Chron.cjp.2, 
 
 termpted trade in all the Leuant , accomplifl)edby the great charges andfpeciall induflrie 
 of the wor^ip full and worthy Citizens, Sir E dvvard Osborne Knight, M .Richard Sta- 
 per, and M. William Hareborne, together with the league for traffike onely betweene 
 ber'JMaieftie and the Grand SignioViWith the great priuileges, immunities, and fa. 
 Hours obteyned of his imperial! Highneffe in that behalfe , the admifions and refidencies of 
 our ^Ambaffadours inhisflately Porch , and the great good and Christian offices which 
 her Sacred Mate file by her extraordinary fauour in that Court hath done for the king and 
 kingdomc of Poland , and other Chriflian Princes : the trafftke of cur Nation in all the 
 chiefe Hauens of 'Africa and Egypt : the fearchingandhauntingthe very bottome of the 
 MediterranSca to the ports ^/Tripoli WAlexandretta, of the Archipelagic,^///* 
 Turkes now called The whitefea, etien to the walks ^Constantinople : the voyages 0- 
 uerland and by riuer through Aleppo, Birrha, Babylon and Balfara, anddownethe Per- 
 fiangulfe to0^muz,and thence by the Ocean featoGoa,andagaineouer-landtohifna(>a.r, 
 Cambaia,Orixa,Benga!a,Aracan,Pegu, Malacca, Siam, the Iangomes, Qui- 
 chen, andeuen to the Frontiers of the Empire of Chma : the former performed di iter fe 
 times by fundry of "cur nation, andthe laTt great voyage by M. Ralph Fitch,whowitb M. 
 Iohn Newbcry andtwo other conforts departed from London with her Maieflies letters 
 written effectually in their fauour to the kings of Cambaiz and China in they ere jj^j, 
 who in theyeere is9 t. like another Paulns Venetus returned home to the place of his de- 
 parture, with ample relation of his wonderful! trauailes } which heprefentedin writing to 
 my- Lord your father of honourable memomV- 
 
 Now here if any man fialltake exception againfl this our new trade with Turkes and 
 misbeleeuers, he ftallfljewbimfeife a man of fmall experience in old andnew Hi/lories,or 
 wilfully lead with partialitie ,or fome worfi humour. * Tor who knoweth not \that king Sa- 
 lomonofold,entredinto league vpon neceffitie with Hiram the king ofTyrus,agentile? 
 Or who is ignorant that the French, the Genouois, Florentines, Ragufeans, Venetians, and 
 Polonians are at this day in league with the Grand Signior, and bane beene thefe many 
 yeeres, andhaue vfed trade and traffike in his dominions ? Who can deny that the Emperor 
 cfchriflendome hath had league with the Turke , and pay d him a long while apenfionfor 
 apart o/Hungarie ? And who doth not acknowledge jbat either hath trauailedthe remote 
 parts of the world, or read theHiflories of this later age, that the Spaniards and Portttgales 
 in Barbarie, in the Indies, andelfewhere, haue ordinarie confederacie and traffike with 
 the CMoores, and many kindes of Gentiles and Pagans, and that which is more, doe pay them 
 penfions, andvfe them in their (cruice andwarrcs? Why then (l)ould that be blamed in vs, 
 which is vfuall and common to the mofl part of other Chriftian nations? Therefore let our 
 ■neighbours, which haue found mofl fault with this new league-and traffike , thanke them- 
 felues and their ownefoolifi pride, whereby we were vrgedto feekc further to prouide vent 
 for ournaturallcommodities. Andhereinthe oldGreeke prouerbewasmofi tritely verified, 
 That euill counfaile proueth worft to the author and deuifer of the fame. 
 
 Hauing thusfarre intreatedofthe chiefe contents of the firft part of this fc and Volume, 
 it rcmayneth that 1 briefly acquaint your Honor with the chiefe contents of the fecondpart. 
 It may therefore pie a fe you to vnderfland 7 that herein 1 haue likewife preferued , difpofed, 
 and jet in order fuch Voyages, "Njiuigations, Traffikes, and Difcoueries, as our Nation, and 
 effecially the worthy inhabitants of this citie ofLondon,hauepaineful/y performed to the 
 South and Southeast parts of the world,without the Streight of Gibraltar , vpon the coaflt 
 cfMiica,abouttheCapeofBuonaSpcvanc:a,toandbeyondethe Ea/llndia. To come 
 more neere vnto particulars, I haue herefetdowne the very originals andinfancie of our 
 trades to the Canarian llands, to the kingdomes o/Barbarie, to the might ie riuer s ofSe- 
 nega and Gambra, to thofe ofMadrabu mba, and Sierra Leona 3 and the ifles of "Cape 
 Verde, with twelue fundry voyages to thefultry kingdomes ^Guinea and Benin, to the 
 J fie <?/San Thome , with a late and true report of the weake eflate of the Portttgales in 
 
 Angola 
 
The Epi/i/e de die atone. 
 
 Angola, asalfo the whole courfe of the Portugale Caracks 'from Lisbon to the barre of 
 Goa in India, with the diffofition andqualitie of the climate neere and vnder the Equi- 
 noctial! line , thefundry infallible markes and tokens of approching unto , and doubling of 
 The Capeof good Hope , the greatvariation of the compaffe for three or foure pointes 
 towards the Eafi betweene the Meridian of "£. Michael one ofthelflandsofthe Azores, 
 and the aforefaid Cape, with the rcturne of the needle againe due l^orth at the CapeDus 
 Agu\hs,and that place being paffed outwardboundjhefwaruing backe againe thereof to- 
 wards the Wefl, proportionally its it did before ;the two wayes, the one within and the other 
 without the 1 'fie of '5. Laurence, the dangers of priuie rockes and quickfands, the running 
 feas, andihe perils thereof , with thecertaine andvndoubtedfignes of land. Allthefeand 
 other particularities are plainly andtruely here deliueredby one Thomas Steuens a lear- 
 ned Englif.man , who in the ye ere i / 7 9 going as a pajfenger in the Portugale Fleete 
 from Lisbon into India, wrote the fame from Goa to his father in England: whereunto 
 J haue added the memorable voyage ofM. lames Lancafter , who doth not onely recount 
 andconfirmemofl of the things aboue mentioned, but alfo doth acquaint vswith the flate 
 ofthevoyage beyondCape Qo\no\i,and tbelfle ofCeilpn, with the Jfes ^Nicubar and 
 Gomes Polo lying within two leagues of the rich if and Samatra , and thofeofl?u\o Pi- 
 x\iom,with the maineland <j/Tuncalaon andthe freight ^/Malacca. lhaue likewife 
 addeda late intercepted letter of a Portugall reuealing the fecret andmofl gainefull trade 
 ofPce,a,whichisa/fo confirmed by C afar Fredericke<* Venetian,and M. Ralph Ficch 
 now liuing here in London. 
 
 And becaufe our chiefe defire is to find out ample vent of our wo/len cloth, the naturallco- 
 moditieofthisour Realme,thefitteflplaces,whichinalmy readings andobferuations I find 
 for that purpofe,are the manifold Iflands of 'Iapan,^ the Northern parts of 'China, & the 
 regions of the Tartars next adioyning {whereof 1 read, that the countrey in winter is Affi 
 fria como Flandes, thatistofay,as coldas Flanders,^- that the riuersbe flrongly ouer- 
 frozen ) andtherefore 7 haue here infertedtwoJpeciallTreatifes of tbefaydCountries., the 
 one beginning pag. 68, the other ; pag. 88 : which lafl difcourfe J hold to be the mofi exact of 
 thofe parts that is yet come to light, which was printed in Latine in Macao a citie of Chi' 
 na, in China-paper, in the yeere a thoufandfiue hundred andninetie, andwas intercepted 
 inthe great Carack called Madre de Dios two yeeres after , inclofed in a cafe of fweete 
 Cedar wood , andlappedvp almost an hundredfold in fine calicut-cloth , as though it had 
 beenefome incomparable iewell. 
 
 But leaning abruptly this difcourfe, I thinke it not impertinent Joe fore I make an end, to 
 dtliuerfome of the reafons ,that mouedme toprefent thispartofmy trauailes vntoyour 
 Honour. The reuerend antiquitie in the dedication of their workes made choyfe offuch 
 patrons , as eyther with their reputation and credite were able to countenance the fame ' 3 
 or by their wifedome and vnderftanding were able to cenfure and approoue them^ or 
 with their abilitie were likelyto flandthem or theirs in fieade inthe ordinarie necefsities 
 and accidents of 'their life. Touching the firs~t , your de [cent from a father ^that was ac- 
 countedPater patrix,your owne place and credite in execution of her Maieflies inward 
 coun fades and publike feruices , added to your well difcharging your forren imployment 
 (when the greateft canfe in Chriftendome was handled) haue not onely drawen mens eyes 
 vpon you , but alfo forcibly haue moued many , and my felfe among the refl to haue our la- 
 bours protected by your authoritie . For the (econd point , when it pleafedyour Honour in 
 fommerwas two yeeres to haue Jome conference with me, and to demaundmine opinion 
 touching the flate of the Country of Guiana, and whether it were fit to be planted by the 
 Englifli: I then (tomyno fmallicy) did admire the exact knowledge which you had got- 
 ten of thofe matters of \k\6Xzw ~Njuigations:andhow carefully ou were ,not to fe ouertaken 
 with any partial! affection to the Action , appeared alfo, by the found arguments which you 
 made pro & contra, of the likelihood andreafon of good or illfuccejfe of the fame ^before 
 
 * 4 the 
 
 <r 
 

 c fhe Epijlh dedicatorie. 
 
 the State and common wealth ( -wherein you haue an extraordinarie voyce ) flwuld be far- 
 ther engaged. In confiderationwhereof I tbinke my felfe tbrife happie to bauethejemy 
 trauatles cenfured by your Honours fo re ell approued iudgemtnt. Touching the third and 
 laflmotiue I cannot but acknowledge >ny felfe much indebted for your fauourable letters 
 heretofore written in my behalf e in mine honejl caufes. Where unto I may aide , that when - 
 this worke was topafie vnto the prejfe, your Honour did not onely intreate a worthy knight, 
 a per/on ofjpeciall experience , as in many others fo in marine caufes, to ouerfee and perufe 
 the fame, butalfo vpon bis good report with your mo ft fauourable letters didw arrant , and 
 with extraordinarie commendation didapproue and allow my labour s,and deftre to publi(l) 
 the fame. Wherefore to conclude , feeing they take their life and light from the 
 tnojl cbeerefull andbenigne ajpecl cfyourfauour,lthinke it my bounden 
 dtttie in all bumilitie and with much bafifulne/fc to recommend 
 my felfe and them vnto your right Honorable andfauoura- 
 ble protection, and your Honour to the merciful! 
 tuition of the mofi High. From Lon- 
 don this 24, ofofteber.ispp. 
 
 Your Honors moft humble 
 to be commanded, 
 
 RichardHakluyt preacher. 
 
 i. 
 
^ A Catalogue of the English Voyages 
 
 made by and within the Sff eight of Gibr altar y xo the 
 
 South and Southeaft quarters of the world, con- 
 teincd in the firft part of this fecond volume. 
 
 Voyages before the Conquest. 
 
 He voyage of Helena the Empreffe, daughter of Coelta king of 'Britain, 
 and mother ofConflaxtine the Great,to Ierufalem. hn.-^^ 7, pag.i.z 
 
 The voyage of Conftantine the Great , Emperour and king oiBrttaine, 
 to Greece ,n/£gypt, Terjia, and z/fjta, Anno 339, pag. 2,3 
 
 The voyage of Pelagius Cambrenfis, vnder (^Maximtts king of the £>*- 
 
 taints, into ^Aigypt and 5)ra, Anno 390. P a g'4 
 
 4 The voyage ofcertaine Englishmen fent by the French king to Conflantinople, vnto luftt- 
 ; »/'<i» the Emperour, about the yeere of our Lord 500. P 3 g-4 
 
 5 The memorable voyage oiSigbelmpu bifhop of Sbirbwne, fent by king ^Alpbred vnto S, 
 
 Tboraofoi India, An. 883 .confirmed by two teftimonies. P a g-5 
 
 6 The voyage oilobn Erigen t vnder king z/ilphred, to ^Athens, in the yeere of our Lorde 
 
 885. .•'.,■■. pag.y-6 
 
 7 The voyage of 'Andrew whiteman, alias Leucander, vnder Canutus the Dane , to TaUfli- 
 
 »4,Annoio20, P a g*^ 
 
 8 The voyage of Swantts one of the fonnes of Earle Godwin , vnto Ierufalem, Anno 1 05 2, 
 
 pag.6" 
 
 9 A voyage of three Ambafiadours fent in the time of king Edward the ConfeiTor,vmo Con- 
 
 Jla»tinople,m&ftom thence vnto Ephefm, Anno 1056. P a g«7 
 
 10 The voyage of Aluredbi(hop of Worcefter vnto Ierufalem, Anno 1058. pag. 8 
 
 1 1 The voyage o{Ingulphfu,zfteivi2id Abbat o{£roiland t \mo Ierufalem.hn. 1 064. pag.8.9 
 
 foyagesjime the Conqueft. 
 
 12 A Voyage made by diuerfe of the honourable family of the 'Beaucbamps, with %obert 
 Jf\.Curtois thefonne oiwilham theConquerour,to/fr#/*/<f'«,Anno 1096. pag.io 
 
 1 3 The voyage ofGutuere an Englifh Lady married vnto Baldwins brother of Godfrey duke 
 
 of Bouillon, toward Iernfalem, An, 1 097. I o. 1 1 
 
 14 The voyageof Edgar thefonne of Sdward, which was the fonne of Edmund Cumamcd 
 
 /roa/fo/.?, brother vntoking Edward the ConfciTor (being accompanied with valiant Ro- 
 bert the fonne of 'Godtvine) to Ierufalem, Anno 1 1 02. X l! 
 
 15 Thevoyageof Gu^w«<avaliantEnglifhman,who trauailed with his fiiips in an expe- 
 
 dition vnto the holy land, Anno 3* Hen, 1, li 
 
 16 The voyage oiHardine an Englishman, and one of the principallcommaunders of 200 
 
 fayles ofChriftians fhips, which arriued at lappa, Anno 1102 12.15 
 
 17 A voyage by fea of Englishmen, Danes, and Flemings, whoarriued at lappa in the holy 
 
 land, the (eucnth yeere oiBaldwine the fecond, king of 'ierufalem, and in the 8. yeere of 
 Henry tbefii{i,]i\ngof England, pag. 13, 14, 15 
 
 18 The voyage of Athelard of jBatbe to tAlgypt and Arabia, in the yeere of our Lord 1130 
 
 pag.iy.16 
 
 19 Thevoyageofw////WwArchbilliopof Tyre to Ierttfale m and to the citie of Tyre in Pbos- 
 
 ntcia, Anno 1 1 3 o. ■ 16 
 
 20 The voyage of Robert Ketenenfs, vnder king Stephen, to Dalmatia } Greece, and e^/£r» 
 
 Anno 1 143. 1 6" 
 
 at AvoyageofcenaineEngliflirnenvnderiheconducT: of Lewis the French king, vntothe 
 
 holy land, Anno 1 147. 17 
 
 23 The voyage of M« Lacy to Ierufalem, Anno 1 1 7 j 17 
 
 35 Ths 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
23 The voyage of William Mandeutle Erie of EJfex to Ierufalem, Anno 1 177. 1 7 
 
 24 The famous voyage of ^/'rW^thefirft,kingef£»£/Winto Jtf/£j, for the recouerin CT of 
 
 Ierufalem outof the hands of ihz Saracens, Anno 1 190. 20 
 
 25 The voyage of "Baldwine Archbifhop of Canterbury vnto Syria and PaUfiina, in the yeere 
 
 1 190. 2 8 
 
 26" The voyage of £/c£<»WSutnamedCrf»fl»7««,vndcr king ^wW^thefirft.intoSy/vv*, and 
 
 Pakjltna, knno \ 190. 20 
 
 27 The voyage of Gulielmtu Peregrinus, vndet king Richard the firir, to PaUftina, Anno 
 
 1 190. , 50 
 
 28 The voyage of Hubert Walterh'xfhooof 'Salisbury, vnderking RichardzXfo, vnto Syria, 
 
 Anno 1 190. 51 
 
 29 The voyzge of Robert Curfon a nobleman of England, andaCardinall, vnder.£fr». the 
 
 third, to 'Damiata in z/£gypt, Anno 1 2 1 8. 3 ' • 3 2 
 
 30 The voyage of Rainulph Eatle of Chefter, ofSaer Quincy Earle of Winchefier, of William de 
 
 iis4lbanie Earle of ^Arundel, &c,to theholy land, Anno 1 2 1 8. 32 
 
 31 Thevoyageof//i;»)75oA««,andiS<«fr^a/'»<ytotheholyland,inthe yeere of our Lord, 
 
 1222. 52 
 
 3 2 The voyage of %ainulph Clanuile Earle of Cbefler to the holy land , and to Damiata in 
 iSEgyjt. 32 
 
 3 3 The voyage ofPetrusde r Rupibtu bifixo^ of Winche ft er,x.o Ierufalem, Annoi23i. 33 
 
 34 The honourable voyage of Richard Earle of Cw»nv?//,brothertoking //«*. the third, ac- 
 companied vviih William Long.efpeeEztle of Salisburie, and diuerfe other noblemen,in- 
 to Syria, Anno 1 z^o t 33 
 
 3 5 The voyage of Wilham Long-e(pee,o<c Long-fword Erie ofSalisburie'mto n/£gypt with Z>»>« 
 theFrenchking,Annoi248- 32 
 
 36 The voyage of prince £Wi?><stti the fonneofking/fwr? the third, into Sjria,An. 1 270, 36 
 
 37 The voyage of Robert Turneham, vnder the faid prince Edward, into Syria , in the yeere 
 
 of our Lord, 1270 38.39 
 
 3 8 The voyage of Frier Beatus Odoricus to Alia minor-ji/irmenia,Cbald&a,Perfia,India,Ckina, 
 
 and other remote parts, &c, 3°-S3 
 
 39 The voyage of Matthew Gurney an Englifh knight,again(J the Moores of -Alger, to Bar- 
 
 bar j and to Spine, ' 6-j 
 
 40 The voyage of Henrie Earle of Derby, after Duke of Hereford, and laftly Henry the fourth, 
 
 king of£»£/<z»^, with an army of Eng\\{hrr\en,to Tunis in yjarbary. 69 
 
 41 The trauailes and memorable victories of lohn Hawk^ood Englifhman , in diuerfe place's 
 . of//<*/x,iinhereigneof'2^V^«-^chefecond. 70 
 
 42 The voyage of Lord lohn of Holland, Earle of Huntingtonfciofhzr (by the mother,) to K. 
 
 Richard the fecond, to Ierufalem, and S.Katherins mount, Anno 1 394. 70 
 
 43 The voyage of ThomasLo:d Mowbrey dukecf Norfolke,to Ierufalem ,'mtheyecxc of our 
 
 Lord, 1399, 70 
 
 44 The voyageof the bifJiopofwi»«'^if/?frto/fr»/^/Vw,Annoi4i7» 71 
 
 45 A voyage intended by king Henrythe fourth to theholy land, againftthe&ftVKvwand 
 
 Infidels, Anno 141 3, 71-71 
 
 46 A voyage made with two fhips called Theholy Croffe , and The (^Matthew Gun/on, to the 
 
 Ifles of Candia and Chio, about the yeere 1534. 98 
 
 47 Another voyage vnto (fandia and Chio made by the forefayd fhip called The (JWattkewe 
 
 Gunfon, Anno iy 3 5. 98 
 
 48 The voyage of the valiant Efquire HLPeter Readzo Tunisin Barbarse 1 5 3 8 , recorded in 
 
 his Epitaph, 99 
 
 49 The voyage of Sir Thomas fchaloner to Alger, with the Emperour Charles the fift , Anno 
 
 1541- 99 
 
 50 The voyage of M. Roger Bodenham , with the great batkc Aucher , to Ca-idia and Chio, 
 
 Anno 1 j jo. 99 
 
 5 1 The voyage of M. lohn Lokjo Ierufalem, Anno 1553. J o I 
 
 52 The voyage of lohnpoxe to theStreitof(?/£r<?//<«r,iri a fhip called The three halfe-moones, 
 
 Anno 1563. And his worthy enterprizc in deliucring 166 Chriflians from the captiui- 
 tie of the Turkes at e Alexandria , Anno t y 77, 131.132 
 
 53 ThevoyageofM,L^^fw«^^r/^totheciuesof/fr^^'»,and7>^/«,in the yeere • 
 
 1581, ' i?o 
 
 -i The 
 
<a The voyage of The Sufan of London to Conjlantinople, whereia M, William Hareborne was 
 
 feat firit Ambaffadour vnto Zuldan Murad Can the greacTurke. Anno 1582. 1 6 j 
 
 5 5 The voyage of a fhip called The lefus, to Tripoli* in Barbary, Anno I 5 8 3 , 1 84 
 
 <6 Thevoyaoe of M. Henry Auftel by Venice to Ragufa , and thence ouer-land to Conftan~ 
 
 tinople: and from thence through Moldauia, Polonia,Silefa, and Germany into England, 
 
 Arinoiy8d t '194 
 
 57 The voyage ofMafter Cefar Frederickjmo the eaft India, and beyonde the Indies, Anno 
 
 1563. 213 
 
 58 The Ion", dangerous, and memorable voyage of }A. Ralph Fitch merchant of London, 
 
 by the way of Tripoli* in Syria, to Ormuz., to Go* in the Eaft India, to Cambaia , to the 
 riuer of G w«, to TSengala, to Bacola, to Chonderi, toPegu, to £/<«», &c t begunnc in the 
 yeerelsSj.andended intheyeereiyoi. 250 
 
 59 1 he voyage of M. lohn Eldredzo Tripolis in Syriaby fea,and from thence by land and riuer 
 
 to 'Babylon, and Balfara, Anno 1583. 268 
 
 60 The voyage of M. Iohn Susjlidmby fea into ss£gypt, Anno 15 8 6*. 281 
 
 61 The voyage of M. Laurence Alderfey to the cities of Alexandria and ^rf/'rs in Aegypt, 
 
 Anno 1586. 2S2, 
 
 6z The voyageoffiuemarchantsftiipsofLoWowintoTurkie: and their valiant fightintheir 
 
 returnewith n galliesandtwofrigats of the kmgof Spaine ,zt Tantalarea within the 
 
 Streits of Gibraltar, Anno I y 86, 285 
 
 03 The voyage ofMafter William Hareborne ouer-land from Conflar.tinople to London, Anno 
 
 1588. 289 
 
 64 AdefcriptionofavoyagetoC0«/?tf»</»^/i?and£;'r/tfbegunthe 21 of March, ijQj,and 
 
 ended the ninth of Augufl 1 59j : wherein is fhewed the manner of deliuering tliefe. 
 
 cond prefent, by M, Edward Barton her Maiefties ambafladour, which vvasfeiu from her 
 
 Maieftie to Saltan Murad Can, the Emperour of Turkic. 3 3 
 
 The AmbaiTages, Letters, Priuileges, Difcourfes, Ad- 
 
 uertifementSjand other obferuations depending vpon the 
 
 Voyages contayned in the firft part of this 
 
 lecond Volume. 
 
 ' ^$/^S$ Teflimony .that the ^Britons were in Italy aadG:eece,with tkeCimhrians and Gauls, 
 ^slvl?? before the incarnation of Christ. . . p a g» l 
 
 2 fc&lF\w A teflimony that certain Snglifimen were of the guard of the Emperour efConttan- 
 £s>lVs*53i tinople,*'#rta/M»<? tf/Iohnr/?f/o«»i?o/ Alexius Comnenus. 17 
 
 3 A great fupply of 'money fent to the Holy land by King Henry the fscond. 18 
 
 4 A letter mitten from Manuel the Smperour 0/Conftantinop!e,wz/o Henry the fecond,Kmg 
 c/England , Ann./ iyy. wherein mention is made that certaine of king Henries noblemen 
 (indfubieUs were prefent with the fayd Emperour in a battel againft the Soldan o/Iconium, 1 8 
 
 f A note drawen out of a very auncient booke in the cuftodte of the right Wor. M.Thorjias Tilney 
 Efcjmre .touching Sir Fredericke Tilney hisancefler, knighted for his valour at Aeon in the 
 Holylandjby king Richard thefirji. 2 9 
 
 6 ^Alargecontributiontothefuccouroftheholylar.dmadebykinglo\\aki»g o/England, *An- 
 
 310/20/. S° 
 
 ■7 Thecomming ofBaldwinthe £mperourofConftantinop\eintoTinghnd,tiAn-t 247' 31 
 
 8 A teflimony concerning Anrhony Beck bijhop ofDuvd'mcjbat he was eletled patriate ofle- 
 
 Tuialcra ,and confirmed by Clement thef,bifijopcfRome,h.m\o 1305. 39 
 
 5 ThecommingofLyoi\kjngofAimemzintoEa°hnd, Anno 1 386, tomakea treaty of peace 
 betweeneKichztdthefecond,kingofEns l \znd i and the French ki>ig. 67 
 
 10 Thecomming of the SmperourofConftanzmopleintoEnghnd, todefretheaydeofkjngHen- 
 ry the fourth, againfl theTurkes , Anno 1400. 7° 
 
 1 1 Arelation ofthepege and taking ofthectt'te of Rhodes, by Sultan Soliman the great Turke ; 
 Wherein honorable mention k made of differs valiant Englifh knights,haao 1522* 7 * 
 

 iz <sAn ambajfagefromDonFecdmando, brother to the Emperour Charles the fift ,vnto King 
 Henry the eight, crauing his aydeagainfl Soliman the great Turke, An»i 5 2 7. 9 j 
 
 15 The antiquitie of the trade ofEnglifh mar chants vmo the remote parts of the Levant fias, Anno 
 
 1511, 1512,0:0, 96 
 
 14 A letter of Henry the eight^ng of En^iznd,to\ohn the third king ofV oituozXc , for a Portu. 
 
 gale fiip fraighted at Chio, with the goods e/Iohn Grefliam, William \,o\,andothers 1 and 
 
 wrongfullyvnl({denin'PQit\}°a\e,Amioi53l t .96 
 
 if The maner of the entriug s/Soliman the great Turke, with his army, into Alepo in Sytia,<w6« 
 
 was marching toward Pcifaagawft the great Sophi,Anno 1553. 1 1 2 
 
 16 A note of the prefents that weregiuen at the fame time in Alepo, to the Grand Signor, and the 
 
 names of the pre/enters. 113 
 
 17 The fafe conduit granted by Sultan Soliman thegreat Turke,toM. Anthony Ienkinfon<?r 
 
 AIepo/»Syria,Annoi553. 1 14 
 
 t S eA difcourfevf 'the trade toQh'iowritten by Gafpar Campion,»» theyeere iy6$> 114. 
 
 19 zA letter of the fayd Gafpar Campion.fo M.William Winter } w theyeare 1 f 69. 116 
 
 20 A brief edefcription of the lfle of Cyprus, 119 
 
 21 Areport of the Jiege and taking of Famagufta thefirongeficitiein al Cyprus,^ Muftafa Bafla 
 Generall of 'the great Turkes army, Anno 1 5 71, 121 
 
 22 The renewing andgreat increafng of an ancient trade vnto diners places in the Leuantfeas, and 
 
 to the chiefeil parts of 'all the great Turkes dominions, hnno 1575,1 57S. 136 
 
 23 The letters o/ZuldanMuradCanfA^rart Turke, to the facred Maieflie ofQueene Eliza- 
 beth,Anno 1 579, 1 3 7 
 
 2+The an/were of her Maieflie to the forefaydletters of thegreat Tnrke,fentby'M.Richard Stanly, 
 in the Prudence <?^London,Anno 1 570. 1 3 8 
 
 2f The charter of 'priuiledges granted to the Sngbfh , and the league of the great Turke with the 
 Queenes Maieilie,for traffique onely, Anno 1 5 80. 74/ 
 
 26 Her (JMaieflies letter to the great Turke, promi/ing redrefefor the diforders of Peter Baker of 
 
 Kzdc\iSc,committedintheLeuant,Anno 1 581, 145 
 
 27 The letters Patents or Privileges granted by her Maieflie to Sir Edward Osborne,M.Richard 
 
 Stzper, andcertaine other marchants of London, for their trade into the dominions of the 
 
 greatTurke,Annox^i. 1^6 
 
 '■2 1 The Tatfort made by thegreat Mailer o/Malta vntothe Englijbmen in the "Barke Rainolds, 
 
 Anno 1582. 154 
 
 29 The Queenes commiffion giuen toher feruant M.William Hareborne, re &■* Her tjttaicjlics 
 
 Ambajfador or Agent in the parts of Turkie, Annoi582. 157 
 
 3 Her CAlaieflies letter to thegreat Turke jvritten in commendation of M, William Hareborne, 
 
 when he wasfent zAmbaffador, Annol582. 1 5 ^ 
 
 3 1 cA letter of the Queenes Maieflie to Alii Ba(Ta,r&« Turkes high tAdmiral,fent by her Ambaf. 
 fador M . Willi a m Hareborne, W deliueredvnto him aboord his Galley m the Arfenal. 159 
 
 32 zA briefe remembrance of things tobee indeuouredat Constantinople, and at other places in 
 
 Tuxhe, touchingour Clothing and Dying, and touching the amplevent ofour naturall comma- 
 dities,&c. written by M.Richard Hakluy t of the middle Temple, Anno 1 58 2. 1 6o 
 
 33 Certaine other moil profitable andwife inftruttionspennedby the fayd M.Richard Hakluyt, for 
 
 aprincipallEnglifti pallor at Conftantinople. 1 6l 
 
 34 A letter o/MuHafaChaus to the Queenes CMaieftie,Annol'>%i. 17I 
 3 j aA letter of M. William Hareborne, to M.Haruic Millers, appointing him Confiti for the En- 
 
 gl/Jh nation ,in Alexandria,Cairo,c^ other places ofEgypt,mtheyeare of our Lord 1 / S3. 17 1 
 
 36 zA Commiffion giuen by M.William Hareborne theEngltJh Ambajfador, to M.RichardFor- 
 
 frer authorising him Conful of the Englijh nation, in the partes of Alepo, Damafco, Aman, 
 Tripolis,lerufalem,$r.f0g<?f/W with a letter ofdireUionsto the Jay dM.FotRev, Ann. 1583, 
 pag. 17* 
 
 37 eA letter fent fern Alger to M.William Hareborne her Maieflies zAmbaffador at Conftan- 
 
 tinople,Anno 1583. J 7J 
 
 3? A /<?««r o/M.Hareborne to Muftafa, chalenging himforhis dijhonefi dealing intranflating 
 
 three of the Grand Signors commandements. 1 7+ 
 
 39 sA PasfortgrauntedtoThomasSWmolctonby the kfngof Alger, intheyeare if S3. >74 
 4.0 zA letter written in Spamfh by Sir Ed ward O sborne in his Maioraltie, to thek}*>g°f 'Alger ,on 
 
 the behalfe of certaine Eng/ijhcaptiues,An.i^S^, *7$ 
 
 4t Nctes concerning the trades of Alger and Alexandria* l l\ 
 
 4.2 A 
 
42 AletterofM.WilliamHatcbomc the Sngli/h tAmbaJJadeur,ta M.Edward Barton, Anno 
 
 1584. 177 
 
 43 *A commandement obtaynedofthe GrandSignor by her Maieflies Ambaffadour M.William 
 
 Harcborne,/o/' the quiet faffing ofherfubieils to andfromhis dominions Jent to the Viceroyes 
 o/Alger,Tunis,4«^TripoIis/» Barbary,An.i 584. 177 
 
 44 Aletter ofthehon. M.William Harcborne, her Maieflies zAmbaffadour with the GrandSig- 
 
 nor ,to M.Tiptoa y appoiHting him Confulofthe £nglt(h, in Alger, Tunis, dWTripolis in Bar- 
 
 bary,Annoi58j. 178 
 
 4j A Catalogue orregifler of 'the Engliflifliips, goods, and per fins wrongfully taken by the Galleys of 
 
 A\ger t with thenames of the Englijh capttues } deltueredto HaiTan 3affa the Beglerbeg efAlger, 
 
 &c 179 
 
 46 A letter of MJWilliam Hareborne her Maieflies tAmbaffador &c, to Aflan Aga, Emuch 
 
 and treafurer vnto HaiTan Bafla kj»g "/Alger : which Aflan Aga wasfonne to Francis Row- 
 
 ly merchantofBiido^andwas taken in an Englijhfhip calledthe Swallow. 1 80 
 
 4-7 sA petition exhibited to the Viceroy of the Turkijh empire for reformation offundry iniuries offe- 
 
 red our nation in1A.OKa. ) asalfo for fundrydemaundes needefullfor the ■ efiablijhmg oftbetraf- 
 
 ficke in thofe parts. 181 
 
 4 8 zA commandement of the Grand Signer to Patraflo in Morea } on the behalf e of the Englfo, 
 
 pag. 181 
 
 4.9 The Grand Signors commandement to Chioe» the behalfe of the Snglijfj merchants. i8z 
 
 jo Two of his commandements fent toBaYiabadzamandto Egyptffortbefamepurpofe. 182 
 
 j-/ *A commandement oftbeGrandSignortotheCadiofAlcxandria,for the reflormgof anEn- 
 gbflj mans goods wrongfully taken by the French ConfuL j 83 
 
 j 2 Another commaundement to the Bafla of Alexandria/or the very fame purpofe. 1 83 
 
 j3 Acomandement to theByesandCadies of Metclin andRhodes,and to all the Ca&es& Byes 
 
 in the way to Conftancinople,/a?" thecourteous andtuft vfage of the Engli(h merchants. 183 
 S4 A commandement fentto Alepo concerning the goods of M. William Barret deceafed. 1 83 
 j? The O ueenes letters to the great Tur he for the rejlitution of an Eng/ijh/hip called The I du s , and 
 
 of the Engtijh captiues detained at Tripolis in Baxbaxy\&for certaine ether Englrjhmen which 
 
 remained prifoners at Alger, Anno 1584. 191 
 
 36 The greatTurkes letters to thektng a/Tripolis/V Barbary t commandingthereftitution of an 
 
 Englijhjhip calledTheleCus,with the men andgoods &c Anno 1 584, ipi 
 
 S7 The letter of M.William Hareborne her Maieflies Ambaffadour to Bafla Romadan the "Be- 
 
 glerbegofTi\polisinBaxbary,fortberef!oringofthefaydjhipcalledThele[us, Anno 1585, 
 
 pag. 195 
 
 j8 ThegreatTurkes c TalportoffafeconduEl,forCaptainehuG.e\ > and\zcomo Manuchio. 108 
 
 59 APasfortoftheErleofLeiceliev,for Thomas Forfter gent, traueilmg /oConftaLtinopIe, 
 
 Anno 1 586. 198 
 
 60 A defcriptionoftheyearely voyage orpilgrimage of the Mahometans ,Turkes andMooresto 
 
 Mecca in Arabia. 198 
 
 61 A letter written fiom the Queenes Maieflie to ZelabdimEchebar£»»£ of Camba\a,andfent 
 
 ^M,IohnNewbery,Annoi58g. 245 
 
 62 A letter written fiom her Maieflie to the king ofCh'ma,in theyeare of our Lord 1 f 83. 24? 
 
 63 Aletter 0/M John Nwbcryfentfrom Alepo to M.Richard Hakluyt o/Oxforc^Ann. 1 5 8 5 
 
 pag. ' 24s 
 
 €4 Another letter ofthefayd M. Newbery written fiom Alepo to M.Leonard Poore <#London s 
 
 Anno 1 5 g? 245 
 
 6j AJecondletteroftbefaydM.NewbctyjvrittenfiomBabyloii to the a fore fay d M.Poore, An- 
 
 noijS:, 247 
 
 66 M.Ne wbery his letter fiom Ormuz to M,IohnEldred,rf»^ William Shales,<?r Balfara, Anno 
 
 1583. 248 
 
 67 His third letter written to M.Leonard Vootefiom Goa,in theyeare 1384. 24S 
 
 68 AletterwrtttenfiomGoaby]AS^a\pbY\x.^R i to\AXeoViaxdVomeabouefayd > Anno 1584. 
 
 pag. 25-0 
 
 69 TbereportoflohnHui°benvanLinhhotenoftheimprifonmentofM.Ne\ibciyandM.¥itch 
 
 at Goa^nd of their efcapefiom thence, which happened while htmfelfe was f»Goa. 265 
 
 70 The money freights ,meafures,aHdcuftomesvfed in Babylon, Balfara, Ormuz, Goa, Cochin, 
 
 and Mahcca-.writtenfiom Alepo/'« Syria, by M.William Barret,Anno 1 584. 271 
 
 71 The charge i of 'a tourney by land andriuer, fiom Alepo /» Syria to Goaw the EaRladia. 276 
 
 72 A 
 
72 Adeclarationofalltheplacesfromwhenceeach particular commoattie of the Eaftludies com- ' 
 
 rxetb. 277 
 
 73 ThetimesorfeafonableveindescalledWLonfons,wkerein the (hips depart from place toplace in 
 
 the Eaft Indies, 278 
 
 74. AdejcriptionoftheIfleofS.He\cnafiequeMedbythe Portugales in their returne from the Eaft 
 
 India. 280 
 
 7/ <iAPriuiledge grantedbyVcxti Prince of Moldauia, to the Snglijb merchants, Knno 1 588. 
 
 pag. 290 
 
 76 A brtefe extrattjpecifying the certaine dayly payments anfeered quarterly in time of peace, by the 
 
 Grand Signor, out of his treaJury,to the officers of his Seraglio or Court ,fucceffiuely in degrees. 
 pag. 290 
 
 77 The chiefe officers ofthegreatTurkes Empire; tbenumberoffiuldiersattendingvponeachofhis 
 
 Beglerbegs; theprincipalofficers in his Seraglio or Court\hisyeerely reuenues,andhis allowan- 
 cestoforren Ambaffadours. 292,293,294 
 
 7 S The letters of Sinan Bafizchiefe counfehr to Sultan Murad Can the GrandSignor,Ku.\<$Qo y 
 to thefacredMaieflie of Elizabeth Queene o/England •• Jtgnifying , that vpon herrequeft, 
 and for her fake especially he grantedpeace vnto the king of 'Poland. 294. 
 
 7) 1 he fecond letters patents granted by the Quyenes Maieftieja the right wor. company of the En- 
 glish merchants for the Leuant,in theyere of our Lord 1 $9 2. 29 j 
 
 £0 Aletter written by the mofl high andmighty Emprejfe the wife of the GrandSignor Sultan Mu- 
 md Czn to her mottfacred Maiejly of En°hnd,hnno 1594. 311 
 
 A briefe Catalogue of the principall Eng- 
 
 lifh Voyages made without the Straight of Gi- 
 braltar to the South and Southeaft quarters of the 
 
 world, contayned inthefecond part of this fecond 
 
 volume immcdiatly following. Wherein alfo mention 
 
 is made of certaine Sea-fights, and other memo- 
 
 rable ailsper formed by the Englijb Nation. 
 
 He voyage of Macham the firft difcouerer of the Ifle of Madera, in the 
 yeerei344. pag.i 
 
 The firft voyage to 'Barbary, Anno 1551. pag. 7.8 
 
 The fecond voyage to Barbary, Anno 1552. pag.8.9 
 
 The voyage oiM.TbomasWindam to Guinea and the kingdom of Benin, 
 Anno 1553. . pag- 9 
 
 5 The voyage of M. /<!>/&» £»£_ to <j«/»ftj, Anno 15 5; 4. 14 
 
 6 The firft voyage of Mafter William Towrfon marchant of London to Guinea j\t\ the yeerc of 
 ourLord,i555. 23 
 
 7 The fecond voyage of M. William Towrfon to guinea and the caftle ofMina. An.l 551?. 36 
 
 8 The third voyage of the fay d M. William Towrfon to the coaft of Guinea and the riuer of 
 Seftos, Anno 1557, 44 
 
 9 A voyage made to Guinea at the charges of Sir William Gerard , Sir William Chefler, &c. 
 
 Anno 1 562. 54 
 
 I o The fuccefle of another voyage made to Guinea fli the direction of the faid Sir William Ge- 
 
 rard, and others, Anno 15 64. 5* 
 
 I I The voyage of M. George Fenner to Guinea and to the Ifles of Capo Verde, An. 1566. 57 
 
 12 The voyage and ambaflage of Mafter Edmund Hogan to the Emperour of CMarocco, 
 Anno 1577. ^4 
 
 1 3 The voyage of Thomas Stukeley into Barbary, 1 578, ^7 
 
 14 The voyage of Thomas Steuens about the Cape otBmna EfteranxA vnto Goa in the Eaft 
 
 
 i 
 il ' 
 
 1° 
 
 II 
 
 India, Anno 1570, 
 
 99 
 The 
 
I j The memorable voyage of iA./ames Lanca/ler about the Cape oi'Buona Efperanza,-Aong 
 theEafternecoaftof J4/)vV<«,beyondCapeCWo;7,as far as the mainelandor Afa!acca,and 
 from thence home againe, begun in the yeere 1591. 102 
 
 1 6 The voyage and ambaflage of Mailer Henry Roberts to Mnlly Hornet Emperour of Ma. 
 
 rocco, Anno 1 jSy. 117 
 
 17 Thevoyagemadebytwooflirrrrf//«"/Wif£Aj i Pinafles called The Serpent and The Mary 
 
 SparkpfTlimouth to the Azores: which tooke the gouernour ofthe lfte of S. Michael, 
 and Pedro Sarmiento gouernour ofthe Streights of Magellan in the y'ere 1 58 6. 120 
 
 1 8 The voyage of Sir Francis Drake to Cadiz, and the memorable exploits and feruices per- 
 
 formed by him as well there as at diuerie other places vpon the coaft of Spatne and c Por- 
 tugale, and his taking of the great Eaft Indian Carak called TheSantPhthp , necie the 
 lfle of S. Michael, Anno 1 5:87. 121 
 
 \o A voyage to Benin beyond the countrey of Guinea made by Matter James Wc'Jb, who fee 
 foorthintheyeereijSS. 126 
 
 20 ThefecondvovagemadebyM./tfwwW^toBirK/sin^'yr/ctf, An. 1590/ 150 
 
 21 The voyage to Spaine and Portugale written (as it is thought) by Coloncll tAmhome 
 VVtngfeld, An. 1 5 89. 134 
 
 The voyage ofthe Right honourable the Earle ofCumberlandto the Azores jn the ytere 
 
 I5%>. - ' 155 
 
 A fight performed by tenmarchantsfhips of London agtinft 12 Spanifhgallies, in the 
 Streitof Gibraltar. An, 1590, 166 
 
 24 The valiant fight performed in the Suck of Gibraltar by the Centurion of London, a grind 
 fiueSpaniihgallies, An.1591. i<58 
 
 25 A true report ofthe fight about thelfles ofthe Azores, betwecne the Reucnge one of her 
 Maiefties fhips, vnder the conduct of Sir RichardGrinuile , and an Armaaa of the king of 
 Spaine, An.1591. 169 
 
 26 A voyage of ccrtaine fhips of London to the coaft of Spaine fitidihe Azores, Anno. 1 591 
 
 Reported by M, Robert Flick. I j6 
 
 37 The voyage of Richard Rainolds and Thomas Daffett to the riuers of Senega and Gambra, 
 
 neerc the coaft of Guinea, Anno 1591. 188 
 
 28 The taking of two Spanifh fhips laden with quickfiluer and with the Popes BulIes,bound 
 
 for the weft Indies, by M. Thomas White in the Amitie of London, An. 1592. 195 
 
 2p The taking of the mightieand rich Carak called The Madre de D to; , and of the Santa 
 
 C/<W4aBiskaineof6ootunnes,aslikcwife the firing of another great Carak called The 
 
 Santa Cruz, Anno 1592. 1 94 
 
 30 The flringand finking of theftoutand warlike Carak called TheCinquo Chaguas, or The 
 
 jiue rroundes, by three fhips of the R. H. the Earle of Cumber land*,' Anno 1 59.J.. 199 
 
 22 
 
 n 
 
 The Ambaflages, Letters,, Priuileges, Difcourfes^and ' 
 
 other necejjary matters ofcircumflance appertainingto the Voyages in 
 thefecond part of this fecond volume 
 nextenfuing* 
 
 j Note concerning the ayde and ajjiflance ginen to king Iohn the firft o/Portugale,^ j> 
 certaine Englifb merchantsffor the winning of Cent in Barbary, Anno 141 5, 
 
 . t*g- i>* 
 
 1 The sAmba/fage e/Iohn thefecond,kmg e/Portugale to Edward the 4.ki*g off- ng- 
 
 land,toftay lohnT'mtzm, andWi\\iamYabian£nglip>men, preparing for a voyage roGui- 
 
 nea,Annoi48i. pag.2. 
 
 3 tA briefenote concerning an ancient trade of Enghfb marcbants to the Canarie Ifles, Anno 
 
 I526. 3 
 
 4. iAdefcriptionofthe Canarie //lands, with their flravgefiuits and commodities. 3 
 
 f The commodities andwaresthat aremofl defircdin Gwnca , betwixt SierraLeona , andihe 
 
 furthejl place ofthe M i na , j 2 
 
 6 Ccrtaine 
 
' 
 
 6 rertaine articles of remembrance deliueredto M.Iohn Lok, touching a voyage foGuinea, , 
 
 Anno I 561. j-2 ' 
 
 7 zAktter o/M.Iohn Lok to theworfhipfull company ofmarcbantsaduenturers o/Guinea, An- 
 
 noi$6i. ss 
 
 8 TberelationofoneWi\l'mnR\it.ter concerning a voyage fet out to Guinea, Anno 1562. XV- 
 
 ftribedalfotnverfebyRoben Baker. jj. 
 
 9 A meeting at Sir William Gerards boufefor the fettingfoortb of a voyage to Guinea, vpitb the 
 
 W\monoftbeQueenes t ThelohnV>2i^u&.ofLondon } andtbe]Att[\ne of MGonfou, An- 
 no 1564. jf 
 
 10 AreUtionoj 'tbefuccejfe of "the 'fame voyage ,take» out of a voyage of Sir IohnHaukins;<u£ij 
 
 Weft Indies. s 6 
 
 1 1 Certaine reports of the mighty kingdome o/China deliuered by Portugales rvbtch were there im. 
 
 pri fined. 68 
 
 12 Adtfcourfeofthe Jfle of lzpzn y andof other Ifles in the Eaft Ocean, &c. So 
 
 13 zAn excellent defcripttonof the kingdomeofChma^andoftheeilateandgouernement thereof. 
 
 pag. 88 
 
 14 A brieferehtionof the great magnificence andrichtraff eke of the kingdom ofPegn^beyondtbe 
 
 Eaft India. 102 
 
 if Certatneremembranccs of a voyage inttndedto BraQ,and to the riuer ofPhte,but miferably o- 
 
 uertbrorven neereWxo grande/»Guinea,z» theyeere iffj. 110, tit 
 
 1 6 The efcapeofthe Primrofe,* (hip ofLondonfiom before the towne of 'Bilbao in BifcAy^dthe 
 
 talking of the Corrigidor,Anno 1 585. / 12 
 
 17 The kmg of Spaincs Ccmmijpan for the generaH imbargment or arrefl of 'the Englifh &c. Anno 
 
 I;j8y. 114. 
 
 1 8 The Letterspatents granted by her Maieftie to certaine noblemen and merchants ^London, 
 
 foratrade ?0Barbary,Anno 1 5 S5, 114 
 
 1$ An edicl from the Emperour oj r Marocco infauour of all Engltfhmen trading throughout his 
 
 dominions, A n n o 1 5 8 7, 1 1 g 
 
 30 Aletter of the faydemperourwrittentothe Srle of Leicester jntheyeare 1 $87. 118 
 
 2 1 A letter of the Oueenes Maieflie written to the emperour ofM.arocco,in theyere 1 f$7. 119 
 7,2 A patent grauntedto certaine merchants c/Exceter, and others of the Weft ' partsuandofLon- 
 
 donforatradetotheriuersofSenegaandGambrzinGainea., Anno I588. 123 
 
 23 Arelation concerning a voyagefetfoorth by M.Iohn Newton,4WM.Iohn Bird, merchantsof 
 
 hondon^othe kingdome andcitte of Qen\n,written by Antony Ingram, Ari.i 5 88. 129 
 
 24 itAn aduertifement to kmg Philip the .j.o/Spaine, from Angola, touching thejiateof "the fame 
 
 countrey. An, 1 591. 133 
 
 2y Ap* rt ' ctt l ar noi e of the Weft Indian fleete expeiled to haue arriuedtnSpa'me, An.i 592, with 
 
 the number offliips of the fame fleete that ferifled andfufferedfhipfhrack_ &c. 1 yy 
 
 26 Alargeteftimonyoflohn Huighenvan Linichoten concerning theworthy exploits atchteued 
 
 by the right hon.tbe erle a/Cumberland, by Sir Martin Frobifher,Sir Richard Grinuile 3 «»^ 
 diuers other Engltfli Captains \about the Ifles of the Azores, andvpon the coaftes o/Spaine and 
 T>onuga.\e,inibej>eares 1 fSy,ijs>o,rj9i. 178 
 
 27 Arelation concerning the eftateofthe IJlandand CaftleofArguin,attdtoucbingtberichandfe- 
 
 cret trade from the inland of Africa thither written in theyere 1491, 1 88 
 
 2 8 Two brtefe relations concerning the Cities and Prouinces o/Tombuto and Gago, andconcer- 
 fjing the exceedinggreat riches oftbefayd Prouinces , and the conqueft thereof by the ktnv of 
 MaroccOj and of the huge maffe of gold, which heyerely receiueth thence for tribute. Writ* 
 ten Anno 1 594. 192 
 
 29 Abriefe extract of a patent granted to M.Thomas Gregory of Tamon. and others fortraffch^ 
 bmveene tber'tuer 0/ Nonnia, andthe wwr-ro/Madrabumba <WSierra Leona, on thecoaji 
 «/Guinea,An,is92. J9 g 
 
 SO AreportofthecaftingawayoftheToble^fhipofLondon, neere CapeEfpaitelfl» the coajl of 
 Barbary without the Streight ^/Gibraltar)*'* theyere of our Lord rjs>3* 201 
 
 3 1 The letters of the Queens Maieflie fent by Laurence Alderiey vnto the Smperour o/Ethiopia, 
 Anno 1507* ' 203 
 
 fTHE 
 
THE SECOND VOLVME OF THE 
 
 principall Nauigations > Voyages, Trafficpes, and 
 
 Difcouertes of the Enghjh nation, made to the South and South', 
 
 caft quarters of the vvorld,vvitbin the Straight of Gibraltar, 
 
 vithtbeDireUions, Letters, Trtutkdges, Dijcottrps^and 
 
 Obfcruations incident to the Tame 
 
 
 ^J That the Brittohs were in Italie and Greece with 
 
 the Cimbrians and Gaules, before the incarnation 
 ofChrift. LM.Wil'Camdexjag.ss. 
 
 ^ttannos autentctm Cimbris & Gatlis permiftos 
 
 fuilTc in expedkionibus illjs in ltaliam & Grseciam videtur, 
 Nampmcr nomen commune in Bricannico Triadum Iibto Ti!»<Jumiif>tri 
 vetuftiffimo, vbttresmaximiexcrcitus, quieBritannis con- 
 fcripti eranc,mcmor'am'ur > proditufn efl,'exterum quendam 
 ducem longe maximum exerckum bine coiuraxifle, qui, po- 
 pulata magna Europat partc 3 tar.dem adGrascum mare (forfi- 
 lanGallatiam innuitjeonfederir. 
 
 Britom2mm item ducem inter illos militarem, cuius me- 
 minitFlorus&AppianuSjBiitonemfuiuenomeeuincitjquocl 
 Britoncm magnum fignificat . Nee torquebb illud Strabonis, 
 quiBrennum nationePraufurafiufiefcribit, venaaone Bri- 
 tonem faciam. 
 
 The fame in Engliflt 
 
 IC fe not bnTiftc tljat tfit Britons accompanies ttjc Cimbrians ano Gaules t'n tfjofc crpcBfticnsf 
 to Italy anu Greece, jfo } befioes tfce common name, it is reco jcen in ctjat moil ancient ?5}i* 
 tiilj booke calico Liber Triadum, (terjerein alfo mention tsimaDC- of trjjeebuge armies! tljat toere 
 Jettfen cut of Britaine) that a eertaine outlanoiii) Captaine gatbcKD from hence a might ie armie; 
 toba toning tuaflen a great part of Europe.at lengtij tooRe bp his aboDc(getI;aus the ^tttfjoj mea» 
 Met!) inGai!atia)ncerebntotI)efcaof Greece. 
 
 LtkebuTe, tljat tljeVoarreliKecantaine Britomarus (of isljomHoms anu Appian Boe make 
 report) niasljlmfclfe a Ti5?iton,btfJ ben? name noetlj teBite.toljfch fjgnifietbAgreatBriton.jOct* 
 thertoiU3ifci?e8 that teutonic of Scrabo (toljorenojcetlj Brennus to battebene a Praut'c bj» 
 lice!;) tljat 31 ma? u jooue him alfo to hsue bene a Briton bojne, 
 
 f The trauaile of Helena. 
 
 EknaTlania Augufla fereniflimiCW* Britannic! Regis HafreS, &vn!cafiliag 
 MagniO«/?<i»^«/Ctf/5rramater J incomparabilidec6re J rlde,rel)gione,boni- 
 tate,acmagnificentia pia, Eufebiocinm telle, per totum reiplenduic orbem : 
 Interomnesmtisfuarfceminas, nullainueniebaturcainliberalibusartibus 
 do6tior,nullain in(trumcntismuficisp(Titior,aut in Unguis nationum copie- 
 rs©* i^lWg fi or# Innatamhabcbatingenij clariiudinem, orisfacundiam,acmorumor- 
 mtifllmamcompoficionem : Hebraice, Grece,& Latine erudira. Caruerat pater aliafobole 
 (inquit Virtmtnitu) qua* R egni folio potiretur.Illam propterea his infirm fecit per optimos pre- 
 cepiores,vce6commodiusRegnitra£taretnegotia , Vndeobincredibilemeiuspulchritudu 
 nem,atque alias eximias animi & corporis Aotcs,Co»fiantins Cblornt Ctfar illam duxitin vxo- 
 tem,atque ex ea fiiiam in Britannia genuit Conftantinum Magnum.Sed eo tandem Eboraci de- 
 funaojCurne^«»4MEuangelica. iiifaaftividuitateperdurauitadyltimumvitxdiem, tot* 
 
 " A Chriftian* 
 
 
 
— ^— —————— ^^— ■'■ " ' — — m^ — *■— ■— *h4^^— ,, B 
 
 Traffiques,and Difcoueries. ConUantine. 
 
 Chriftianse reJigioni dedita. Sunt enim authores,qui nanent per iftam, ccflante perfecutione ' 
 pace m Ecclefijs datam : Adtantam coeleflis Philofophiauognitionem earn ferunt pofi agni- 
 tum Euangelium peruenifle, \tolimmultosedidcritlibros, &carmina qua?damGra?ca, qua: 
 hucufqueaPonticofuperefleperhibentur. VifionibusadmonitaHierofblyruampetijCj&om' 
 niafaluacotisloca perluftrauic. Roma: tandem o6togenaria rcelieiterin Chrifto quieuit. i<. 
 Kalendas Septembris , filio adhuc fuperftite, anno falutis humana: 3 3 j t Regname apudBri- 
 taunos O&auio, Huias corpus non minimanunc cura Venctijs feiuatur. 
 
 The fame in Eriglifli. 
 
 H Elena Flauia Aoguffa, thefjetre ane onelp daughter of Coelas Tometintetrjemoff crceflen& 
 kingofBritaine, etettiotfjetoftljc^mpEroHrConflaBtinetljegtEat, bprcaronofl^rfin* 
 gular beautie.faitft, religion, goooncfle aim goolp Spaieflte (ac'ctnotng to tfje teCimonie of Eufe- 
 bius) toas famous inalltbe too jlu, 3mong8 all the toomenof ber time,tl)£re toas none either in 
 tlje lifaetall arts moje learned, oj in irOi uwm « of mudke moje Ckitfull, 0? in tlje outers langua* 
 ges of nations moje abundant then hcrfelfe, ^>he hada naturallqmcltneQeo? ercdlencp of toit» 
 eloquence offueecb, anu a mot! notable grace in anher beb/auiour* ^ijetoas&eiieintbeJi?e» 
 bjeto,<02eekeanti Latinc tongues* .„" 
 
 fiper father (aa Virumnius reuo j(etb) tjaD no ot&erf fjtftie to fufceeo in t!;e ktngoomeafter him 
 but her, aim therefore caufcoh^ to be inaructerj in thefe things bp tlje befhearbcrs 5 tbat thereby 
 (be might the better in time gouerne thel&ealme t fo that bp reafouofberyaffingbeautie, ami 
 other her ercellent giftesof boop ano mince, CoaiUotius Chlorus the CEmpeuur marries ber a 
 anoljadbpberafonnecalleoConftantinetljegreat, to&tt«&ee remained in Ujitaine ♦" SBboae 
 length oeceating at IQojkc, this Helena (no oefcertoife then A, in aoftohom mention is mane in 
 them:to &eftament) continued a bertttcus ano bolptoidoto to tljetno of her life. 
 
 iZfym are fume to jiters tohich we affitme,t&at uerfecution ceafea.ano ucace toas grantee to 
 t!;eCh?taianCharchesbphergootimeanes» . . 
 
 Sfcer the light ano knotoleoge of the (Sotbef^e gretoe fo ffeflfun m6iuim'tie,that thee tojote 
 ana compofeo oiuers bookesi,ano certaine ©reekeberfes alfo.tobicb (as Ponucus repojtcth)are 
 petmant,^etngtoanieobpfomebtfidnsfljetocntto3erutalem,anobiJi:etiaUthepi.c£8thtre, 
 tohich Ch# bad frcquentes,sg>be luted to the age of fourefcoje peeres, ano then D:eo at Home 
 the 1 5«oap of 3ugutt,in thepeere of our reoemptien 3 3 7,Oftauius being then king of TBjitaine, 
 ano her fonnc Conftantine tfte €muerottr tfjcnalfo luting, ano her bodp is to tljis dap bap, cart* 
 fullp ujefertten at Venice* 
 
 The life and trauels of Qnftantine the great, Emperour 
 andKingofBritainc. 
 
 Lauius Conftantinus cognomento Magnus pofi Genkorem Coffanthim Bri- 
 tannorumRex, acRomanorumCasfar Auguftus, ex Britannicamatre in Bri- 
 tannia natus, & in Britannia creatus Imperator, patriam natatem maonifice 
 fuse gIorisparticipemfecit.PrcfligatisAIemanis,Hifpanis J & Francis, eorum- 
 que Rcgibus pro fpedtaculo befti is obieftis, Galliam fubit clam tenuit : Tres 
 Helens manis auunculos Britannos, Leolinum, Traherum,& Marium, quos 
 ceteris femper fidentiores habuerat in fuis fortunis,Icalis a Maxentij tyrannidc foelicit er libera- 
 tis,inScnatorum ordinem Roma? promouit.Innumera;in eo (vt Eutropius habet) cla'ruere tarn 
 animi, quam corporis virtutes , dum appetemiflimus effet glorixmilitaris , fucceiTu femper in 
 bellis profpero. Inter literas tam Gricas quam Latinas,a Chriflianiflima matre Helena Chri. 
 flifidemedoclus, eoshonorabatprascipue, quiinPhilofophiaChriftianavitam reclinaflint. 
 VndeabOceanifinibusnempeBritannisincipiens, opefietusdiuina, religionis curam in me- 
 dijsiupcrflitionum tenebris cepit, abOcciduisadlndos, innumerasad cEternarfpemvitarerN 
 gens genres. Animumdiuinisexercendoftudijs,no£testrahebatiniomnes,&qujefitafcriben- 
 didiuerticula perotiumfrequentabat: Imperiumoratione, ac Sanclisoperationibus conti- 
 nendum ratus, Egregius Chriftiana; difciplina; pra:co,filios ac proceres docuit,pietatem diui- 
 tijs omnibus, atqueadeoipfiantcftrretotius mundi Monarchic Falforum deorum euerfbr, • 
 ImaginumcultusperGrsciamjiEgyptumjPerfiam^fiamj&vniuerfamditionemRomanamj 
 repetitisabrogatlegibus,iubensperedi6taCbriftumcoli,Euangeliumprfdicarifacrum,Mini. 
 flris bonores, & alimenta dari.atq; idolorum vbfque deftrui templa* Et vt fidei forma cundtis 
 videretur, Euangelium Iefu Chrifti ante fe femper ferri fecit, & Bibliafacra ad omnes prouin- 
 ciasdeftinarij diademaqueMonarchicum primus Brkannis tegibus dedic : Ecclefijs infinita 
 
 prsfbtii 
 
- ■ ■■ ■ ■ ' " '" '■ " ' ■'■ ' - ' " ~ '~ " ~ ' ' " ~ - ' '■' ■ - ... ■- 
 
 Consiantine. . TrafFiques, and Difc6ifl£fe. 
 
 pixliicit agioSjannonamilti^cmcgcniSj^griSjViduiSjacorphanis.pr^uibulqucytpaicrfoI- 
 licicus. Eulebium,La&antiura,& limiles, famUiariflimos h'abuit, $t\?zti<! acFDeum orationcm 
 indies ipfis in eius vita tethbus fidit. Vnum ce Deuin efle nouimusj vmun ce Rcgem imelligi- 
 mus,appellamus adiii!oretn,nobis abs tc viftoria cecidit,cx te Adueriaiium fudimus.&c. Pro 
 delicijs t.abuit, v: Sextus Aurclianus cradit,licerarumJ(tudia colere, benosartes fbuere.kgere, 
 fcnbere,meditari : compofuic Graece & Latine multos libros & Epiftolas , E vita Nicomcdie 
 d» , cerTuSenex,a:tatis lua: Anno 66,& Iniperij 32,3 Chnftiveroincarnatione 3 39. Conftanti- 
 nopli fepultus,0£tauio in Britanijs regnanre, Eius vitam in quatuorlibris Eufebius Cslarieu- 
 fisorzcefctipfitj&IpannesPortcfiusGallusin Lacinum tranfiulit ferrnonem, 
 
 f The fame in Englifli. 
 
 FLauiusConftantineXtirnamECtI)e5tea[,ktugcft()£'i.^t£atnfsafiei:ljisfat!ji:r,anD€niycrDi 
 of tlje Komancs,bojne in TSjitanieof Helena Ins mother,ano thcrccreateb €mpcrour s maDe 
 his natiuc rouutrcp partaker ofiju- lingular o;lo?p anb renoume. 
 
 Ipautig tonqucreb ano put to flight the aimanes, s§>paniatbe, .frenchmen, anb their Kings 
 io} a fpcaacle tbiotocn out to toilo bcafts,he beln tfranceit felfe as luukctbnto bimtanb bauing 
 IjappttvBeUuercDtljcStalinustromtljetpjantueofMaxentiiis.ljepjEferrcotljjecot'btsniotUers 
 toicles,all 13 jitaines,namelp,Leoline,Ti ahere,r.nb Marius.tobcm in all bis actions he bab founb 
 mojefaitbi'ull muo bim then anp otljers,to be of the ojtber of theEomane ^benatojs* 
 
 Eutropius rcpojtctb, fljat Ijc infinitelp ctcelieo intbebertuesbotbof tbcminoanobobpalfb, 
 anDt'jatljauing a pleafure in tbep:actifc oftoarre, ann in the iuft commenbatton of S^artiall 
 pjotoelTc.be neucr pit efceo his ficlo but bis fuceeflc in tlje battel teas altoapes bictoji«ts,Bpts mo- 
 ther Helena bauing tntlrtictcb Ijim in the faitb of Cbjifl,altbougb bee mabe much of all men that 
 tocre Icarueb mtbc Srrcke anb Latine tongues, pet lje pei locb fpeciall bono? to tbofe rbat fpent 
 their time in the Suoie of Btuinittf ,toljicb ije callebCbnflian IPhtlofopbie : fo tbat beginning at 
 .the furtbeflpart of tbe ©ccan fca,tobtcb then toas taken to be bis atone nntiuc fople of "BHtatne, 
 anb trailing in tbe aflifiance of <0ob,toben tbe barfcetus of fiiperftition mas" moll ibicke,then bee 
 bnbertooke a care of Scligion,ftir.riug uptonumerable nations from tbe £Qcfi as farce as India 
 it ft lfc,to tbe hope ofeternall life. 
 
 ipeepafTebmanpnightestoitbput fleece, bauing bis mtnne occupies) in butineCttteies : ano 
 tobenfbeuer bts laifure from greater affaire*! bio petmit bim, his bacant titnes (boulb be fpent in 
 tbe bfr of netting aaa otocr goob eretrifea , afTuringbimfelfettjatbisftingbmrnsanb Empire 
 iDcrc to be cantittucD anb flrengtbenc'b to bim bp pjapcr ano bolp 1bo?rcb : anb oftentimes taning 
 Upon bimasittoerc tbcperfonof a notable pjeacberofCbnttianbtfcipline, Ije luotilD teacb bis 
 tbilbjen ano nobilitie.tijat goblincffe iuap to bep^efcrreb before ticlje?, pea, before tlje aponaf 
 clj!eofalltlxtoojlo t 
 
 li)eouert!jjeu) tbefalfcgobgof tfyc beatbens,a"bbp manplabjefi often rem'tteb, be ab?ogateti 
 tlje tooifljtpjJtno; of images in all tb. ccuntries of Greece, iEgypt, Perfia, a fa, ano tbe tobole 
 Romane<£mp;rc,commanbingCb?itt onelp bp bis Cetcts to be toso?fbtppcb, tl;efacreb ©ofpell 
 to be p?eacbeo,tbe Spinittera tbcreof to be bonoureb anb relieueb, atrt tlje tnnples of Jooles euc - 
 rptoberetobebelfropeb, 
 
 taibitljcrfotuer be toent Ijee caufeb tbe booke of tbe <Sofpell of Cb?tft to be dill cartcn before 
 bim.tbat tberebp it might appeare to be a fo;mc of faitb to allmt n, ano to appcrtainc gcncrallp to 
 all nations, 
 
 ©e teas tbe tlrfttbatappointfb an JmperiaUDiabcme 3 o? Crotone to tljeEingS of ^?!tatne, 
 
 i)e bias moft beueficiallto all CburcbrS, bedoteing bpon tbem lanos anb firlos, anb bpon tbe 
 poo?c ficU perfonsjintooiDcs anb ojpbanes, coine ano uioob, being as carefull of tbem as U bee 
 bab bene tbeir natu-allfatber, 
 
 i|?eufeolearneo men moft familiarlp, as Eufcbius, LaAamiusanb otljers : anb tbepare tuit- 
 neffes tbat ;l)tsinas bis bfuall pjay c t to ©ob.O Lo?o toe bnott) tbee to betl;e one !p (Cod, toe are 
 1 fure tljat thou art tlje onelp Ktng,anb toe call upon tbee as our bclper: tb?ougb tbee toebatte got- 
 ten tbe bictojie.ano bp tbee toe baue ouertb?otocn tbe encmie, 
 
 Sextus Aurelius repoitetb,tbat it toas bis greateftueligbt to imbjace tbe Cubic of learning, to 
 fauour goon 9rts,to reao,tonte anb mcbitate, anb tbat be compofeb manp bookes anb Cptttlee 
 iptb tntbe<Srcekeano Latine tongues. 
 
 i)e titi at N comedia.bcing tben 6o\peresof age,intbe 3 2.pereof ljtsr?igne,aHbin tlje 339, 
 peere after tlie Jncaruattonof CbMtt, anb toas biirirn at Conftantinople, Odauius beingtljcn 
 SCingofBjitaine: tobofelifeEufebiusbifbopof Ca?fateabatbtojittenin<Srfckem 4. bookes, 
 tobicJ) aftertoaros toere tranflateo into the Latine tongue bp Iohn Pones a Jfrcn chntan. L 
 
 A s The 
 
• " I I I I IM 
 
 The Englift* Voyages, Nauigations, . Tetanus. 
 
 y The life arid trauailes of Telagius borne in Wales. 
 
 ElaguisCambriusexeaBritanniaeparteoriundus/amatiilliusCoIlceijBan- 
 nochorenfis a Ceftria non procul,pra:pofitus cratpn quo Chriftianorum phi- 
 lofophorum duo millia ac centum,ad plebis in Chriitocomnioduatem mili- 
 tabant,manuumfuarumlaboribus, iuxta Pauli do&rinam vi&itantes . Poft 
 quam plates exhibitos, proChriftianaRepub.labores.vireruditioneinfig- 
 ' nis,& turn Gra?ce,tum Latine peritus, vt Tertullianus alter,quorundam Cle- 
 ricorum laceflnus iniurijs,grauatim tulit,ac tandem a fide defccir, 
 
 Peragratis igitur deincepsGallijs, in Aegyptum, & Syriam ahafquc orientisRegiones de- 
 mum per uenic, Vbi ex earum partiu Monacho prarful ordinatus, fui nominis hsrefim fabrica- 
 bat : afleiens hominem fine peccato nafci, ac folo voluntatis impetio fine gratia faluar'i pofie, 
 vt ita nefarius baptifmumacfidem tolleret. Cum his &confiinilibusimportricisdo<fttina;fce- 
 cibus in patriam fuam reuerfus,omnem illam Regionem, Iuliano & Casleftino Pfeudoepiico- 
 pis fautoribus,coRfpurcabat. VerumamelapfumfuumfhdiatraftabathoneftiifimajVt.poft 
 Gennadium, Bedam,& Honorium alij ferunt authores.compofuitq; multos libros ad Chrifti- 
 anam vtilitacem. At poftquam eft Hereticuspublicatus,multo plures edidithairefi fuccurten- 
 tes,& ex diametro cum vera pietate pugnantes, vnde erat a fuis Britannis in exilium pulfus, vt 
 inEpiftola ad Martinuni j.Valdenushabet.Claruitanno port Chriftum incarnatum,jpo,fub 
 Maximo Btitannorum Rege, 
 
 f Thefame in Englifh. 
 
 PElagius,bo jne in that part of TSmat'nc toljich is calico azalea, tolas bean 0? goucrneur of the 
 famous ColleDge of jSango^not farre from Cljeflcr.UH^ran liuco a ^ociecie of 2 1 oo.£)i» 
 uines,03i fetunents of <£b?utttanp[)ilofophie, applptng themftlues to the pjofite of the ChntfiaH 
 peoplcanDliuingbp'Clje labours oftljetrouinehanDes, acco?Dingto PaulsDoctrine » JjKtoasa 
 man erceUemlp learneu.anD fkilfuil jb'bjjj in tlje ©reeke ano Lattnc tongues,anb as it luere ano» 
 tljet Tertullian, after bis long atio great trauailes foj. the goob of the Cbjtffian common Health, 
 feeing himfelfe abu&D,amj imuriouflp Dealt umhaU bp fomc of the £lergie of that time, be tooke 
 the matter ifo grieuoullpjtbatai the latt he rcIapfcD from tlje faith, 
 
 thereupon he left Males, ana toent into .jfeajtee, anp^iumg gone though jf ranee, foee 
 tocnttljereljenceinto €gpp.t,g>pjia,$ : tljcr Countries of flje ^ail, ano being maDepjiett bp a - 
 certatne S^onke of thole partes, Ije tljtw batcfeco btg^ercfte, inhidjaccojoing'tohisname toau 
 calico the bercfie of the pelagians: lubicb n'as,that mm Tubas uomctoithout finne, and might be 
 fauto up tlje ponierofrjisotnnebJillniitljout grace, ttjat fa the miferable man might take atoap 
 faith ano baptifme ♦ <Hflitb this ano tlje like Djeggcs of falfc Doctrine, bee returneo againe into 
 ?<Bales, ano there bp tlje meanes of the ttoo falfe prelates Iulian ano Celeftinc, tohofattoures 
 lj'sbErcfic,ljeeinfectcD tlje tohole Countrep toith it , T5ttt before Ijis fall ano apoftaiic from ttje 
 fattlj,be erercifeD Ijimfelfe in tlje bellffuDics, as Gennadius, Beda, Honorius.ano other authors 
 Doe report of ljim,anD tojote manp bookes feruing not a title to €b?il!ianbttlitie : but beingonce 
 fallen into his.ljere6e,hee to jote manp mo?e erroneous bppkes, then he DtD befojetjoneftjano fin* 
 cere: tohEreupon.atthelatthisotone^ountrepmcnbaniujetihim, asWaldentcflifietljinbis 
 Cpillle to pope Martine the fift. ij?e flourifbrti in the perc after the incarnation^ pp.Maximus 
 beingthenlKingof15}.itatne. 
 
 f Certaine Engliflimen fent to Conftantinople by the French , 
 King to luUinun the Emperor, about the yeete of Chriil:,5oo. out ad 
 
 of the fourth booke of Trocopius de "Bello Cjotbico. 
 
 Ritanriiaminfulamtres numerofiffima? genres incolunt ; Quorum vni- 
 cuique fuus Rex imperat . . Nominantur ha: genres Angili, Frifones, & 
 qui eiufdem funtcum infulacognominis Brnones . Tanta vero homipiifn 
 multitudo efTevidctur, vt fingulis annisinde raagno numero cum vxo- 
 ribus & Iiberis ad Francos cmigrcnt. Illiautemineorumterram,..qua: 
 maximedefertavidetur,excipiunt . Vnde infulam fibi vendicare ferunt. 
 Vtiquenonitapridenl.c.um Franco'rumRexquofdame fuis Confianti- 
 
 nopolim ad Iuftinianum legaret, Anglos etiabi mifit, ambitiofiu^ vendicans,quafi hsec iiifii- 
 
 la fuo fubeflet imperio, 
 
 i ™ 
 
 • 
 
Sighelmus. Traf fiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Tl)z 3lfle of 'Bjitame is inhabiteD bp tbjee mofl populous nations , ctterp of tobicb is gotier- 
 tiED bp a fetictaU kino;. Wat fapo nations are nameo Angili, Frifones, ano Britones, mbicl) 
 fell arc calleo after the nameoftbe aflarib. antbisafle there arefucbfuiarmesofpcDpIe.ibae 
 euerp pecrethep goe foojth in great numbers iamb their tomes ano chitojcn into frame ♦ ano 
 the JTrencljinenrigbttoiBinglprecctuetljem into their Iamje,tohicb feemeth berpDcfclate foj 
 toant of inhabitants, thereupon it is Capo that the JFrenchooe challenge the fojefapo jUano 
 imto tbcmfelues. f o? not long fiitce, tobcn the king of the Frankes fent certaine of his fubtcctss 
 ambaffaoours to ULonflanttnople wk IuftiniantbeCmperour, be fentCngliilj men alfo 3 am- 
 littouflp boafting, as though the fapb Sue bao bene unoer his iurifoictton, 
 
 A teftimonie of the fending of Sigbelmus Bifhop otShirburnefay 
 King ^Alfhred, vnto Saint Thomas ot India in the yeare of our Lord 
 
 883, recorded by Wtlltam oiMalmesburte, in his fecond booke and 
 fourth Chapter de geftisregum s/Ingloritm. 
 
 Leemofynis intentus priuilegiaecclefiarum, ficut pater ftatucrat,roborauit; 
 & trans mare Romamfiz. ad fan&um Thamam'm Tiidiam mult* munera mifit, 
 Legatus in hoc miffus Sighelmtu Sbirbwnenjis Epifcopus cum magna pro- 
 fpericate, quod quiuishocfeculo miretur , Indiam penetrauit; inde rediens 
 exoticos fplendores gemmarum, & liquores aromatum, quorum ilia humus 
 ferax eft,reportauit. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 K3Ing Alphred being aobicteb to giuing of almcs , confirmeo the pjittileges of Cburrtjes as 
 his father hao netermineo ; ano fent alfo manp giftes bepono the feas bnto Rome , ano un* 
 
 to ^.Thomasof India. fipismeffengcrintbis bufaeffe Was Sighelmus bifbop Of Schirburne; 
 
 tobo toitb great p?ofperitie(u}btch is a matter to be toonoereo at in this ottr age ) tratwtleb tbo-- 
 rough India, ai.D returning home brought imth htm manp Orange ano precious Unions ano cou> 
 fppces, fucb as that countrep plentifullp peelosth. 
 
 A fecond teftimony of the forefaid Sighelmus his voyage vnto Saint 
 Thomas oi India. ^coutoiWilliamoiUHalmesbtnj his fecond booke 
 
 de geflis pontificum zAnglorum, cap.de eptfiopis Scbirebur.ten/ibus 
 Saltsburienfibm^iltunenfibus, 
 
 %2Jghclmus trans mare,caufa eleemofynarum regis,& etiam ad Sandium Tbomam in Indiam 
 OmifluSj mira profpcritate,quodquiuisinhoc feculo miretur, Indiam penetrauit ; indeque 
 rediens exotici generis gemmas, quarum ilia humus ferax elt, reportauic. Nonnulla: illaiuin 
 adhucinecclcfia: monumentis vifuntur. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Sighelmus being fo? tlje performance of the kings almes fent bepono the feas , ano trauailing 
 Unto <§>. Thomas of India, berp pjofperouflp (tohicbaman tooulDtuoonorratintbisage) 
 pafleo through the fapoe countcepof India,ant> returning home brought toith himrjiuers ttrange 
 ami pjeciotts flones, fitch asi that climate arTouroeth. Spanp of tohich (tones are as pet ertant in 
 the monuments of the Church, 
 
 The life and trauailes of Iohn Erigena. 
 
 Oanncs Erigena Btitannus nationc, in Mcneuia vrbe, feu ad fanum Dauidis,&: 
 
 1 patricio genitore natus, dum Anglos Daci crudeles bellis ac rapinis molelta- 
 
 > rent, ac omnia illic eflent tumultibus plena , longam ipfe peregnnati< uem A- 
 
 thenas vfque fufcepit, annofq; quamplures literis Gratis, Chaldaicis, & Ara- 
 
 I bicis infudauit : omnia illic inuifit Philofophorum loca, ac ftudia, imo & ipfum 
 
 oraculum Solis, quod Aefculapiusfibiconftruxcratjnucniens tandem quod longoqua^fierat 
 
 A 3 iabore 
 

 The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, Whiteman. 
 
 labore,in Italia m & GaJliam eft reuerlus vbi ob lnhgnem erudiuoncm , Caroio C.aiuo, & po- 
 ftea Ludouico Balbo acceptus,Dionyfij Areopagita: libros de ccelefti Hierarchia,ex Conftan- 
 tinopoli tunc miflbs Latinos fecit, Anno Dom. 858. Profe&us poftea in Biitanniam, Alphrc- 
 diAnglotum Regis, & fuorumliberorum fa&us eft preceptor , atque ipfo mox adhortante, 
 intct ocia litetaria e Grarco tranftulit in ttes liriguas , fcilicet Chaldaicam, Arabicam, & Lati- 
 nam, Ariftotelis moralia , de fecretis fecretorum , feu re<Sk> rcgiminc Principum , opus cet te 
 exquifitum. In Malmsburienfi carnobio tandem, quo recteationis gtatia fecontulerat,interle- 
 gendum a quibufdam difcipulis maleuolis inteiimebatur, Anno Chrifti, 884, 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 IOha Erigene a'Bjt'tane, oefcenoeo of honourable parents,ano borne in the ^Eotoneof g>,Da« 
 uio m JBales.feemg the ©tgltlbmen to be opp?eu~eo with the tuarres ano rapines ofttje cruel! 
 Danes, ano all tbe Iano in a burlie burlie, be in tbemeane time bnoertooke a long iournep, cuen 
 as farre as 9tbens,ano tbere fpent man? peres in tbe Cuotc of the (Sreeke, Chaloie, ano a rabi-- 
 an tongues: he there frcquenteo all the places ano fchooles of the pbilofopbers > anD t jj £ D ?a[Ie 
 alfo of the Sbumte , tohtcb Aefculapius bao built onto btmfelfc, 3no bauing founo at length ctjat 
 tohtchhehaottJtthlongtrattcllfearcheOjhereturnetiagaine into 31 talie, ano jf ranee, tohere foj 
 Ins lingular learning, be toasmuebfauoureoof the ttoo&tngs Charles ano Lewes, ano in bis 
 being there, he tranflateo into Lattne the bookes of Dionyfius Areopagita concerning the Jj)ea= 
 uenlp ftpierarcbie , iDbtch, mere fent from Conttantinople in the peere 858, after this bee came 
 backeagaine into his otmte Countrep, ano lnas fcboolemaaec unto Alphred then iSing of Cng-- 
 lano, ano hisfonnes: ano upon bis requctt, at his times of leafure, he tranflateo Ariflotlcs spo< 
 rals.ofthe^ectctsof&ecretSjO^oftherightgotterncmentoflpjinccSjOutofOteeltcintothtfe 
 tb?ee tongues.Cbaloie, 3rabian,ano Latine, tohieb he oto bcrp erqutlitelp. 8t tbclaff, being in 
 theabbieofspalmfburie, tobitberbetoent fojbts recreation, ano there accojoing to bts man* 
 net oifputmg, ano reaoing 1 the g> ttrcen t s , Tome of t htm mtflifcing ano bating fjim , rofe againd 
 Ijim, ano Que him in the peere of Cbjttt, 884, 
 
 The trauailes of Andrew Whiteman alias Leucander, 
 Centur. 2. 
 
 Ndrseas Leucander alias Whiteman (iuxta Lelandum) Monachus , & Abbas 
 Ramefienfis Cxnobij itertius fuit. Hie bonis artibus Audio quodaminccedi- 
 ' bili nocles atque dies inuigilabac,& opera; prxcium ingensindctetulit. Ac- 
 cefllt prasterea & ardens quoddam deliderium,ea propnjs & apertis oculis vi- 
 dendi Ioca,inquibusSeruatorChriftus redemptions nolIra?myftcria omnia 
 ' coniummauit , quorum prius fola nomina ex icripturarum le&ione nouerat : 
 vnde & facram Hierolblymorum vrbem,miraculorum, pra?dicationis, ac paflionis eius teftem 
 inuifit , atque domum tcdiens faclus eft Abbas. Claruifle fertur annonati Seruatoris, 1020. 
 fub Canuto Oano. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 A Ndrew Leucander otbertoife calleO Whiteman (asLelandrcpo^teth) ttasbppjofellion 
 a Sponke, ano the tbiro Sbbat of the 9bbep of Ramfie : he teas erceeoinglp giucn to the flu= 
 Die of gooo artes, taking paines therein Dap $ night, ano pjofiteo greatlp tberebp, Sino amongtt 
 all other things, he bao an increoible oeBre to fee tbofe places initb bis cpeS, toberein CLbjiff out 
 Sbatu'our perfomteo ano mjougbt all the mptteries of our reoemption , the names of lwhicb pla» 
 ces he onelp kneto befojebp tbereaoing of the Scriptures, iHahemtponbe began bis iournep, 
 ano toent to 31erufaltm a teitneue of the'miracles, pleaching , anopattton of Ch?itt, ano being a* 
 game returnco into his countrep, be mas maoe the af o?efap abbat , ip e flour iujeo in the pere of 
 Ch?ifl 1020. onoer Canutus the Dane. 
 
 The voyage of Srtoanus one of the fbnnes ofEarle Godwin vnto 
 leru[alem,Amo Dom. 1052, recorded by Willum of Mtlmsburie 
 
 lib. 2,dege(tisregHm Anglorum, Cap tte 13. 
 ^Wanusperuerfiingeni)&infidiinregem,multoties apatre & fratre Haroldo de- 
 . fciuit : & pirata fadus , prxdis maritimis virtutes maiorum polluit, Pofttemo pro 
 > confeicntia Brunonis cognati intetcmpti,& (vt quidam dicunt) ft attis Icrofolimam 
 abijt: indequc rediens,a Saraccnis clrcumuentus,& ad mortem exfus eft. 
 
 The 
 
Jmbajjad. to(^onftant. Traf-fiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 7 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 SWanus being; of a perucrfe Difpolition, ano faitbletle to tfae king, often times bifagreeo untlj 
 W father aim faisb?otl)tr Harold : anbafteruiarDS pjoouing a pirate, he fiaincDtbcbertucs 
 of bisaitcettoursuntfa his robberies upon tbefeas. JLattof all, being; guiltpnntobimfelfc of tfae 
 murtherof his knifeman Bruno, ano (asfome Dorepou*) of bisotouc bjotber, Ijc trauatlebbnto 
 Icrulalem : ano in fais retuine home, being taken bp tlje Saracens, uwg beaten, ano uiounoeD bn= 
 to Death 
 
 A voyage of three Ambafladours, who in the time of K. Edward 
 the ConfeiTor,and about the yere of our Lord 1051?, were lent vntoConftan- 
 
 ttnople, ana from thence \moEphefus, together with the occafion of their lending, &c 
 recorded by Wtlham of Malmesburie J.tb. 2,dtgeftisregum AngIorum/vJ/>/Y<? 13. 
 
 Ie fan&ipafchatisadmenfam apudWeiimonafteriumtflederat, diadematc . 
 
 faftigaius, & optimatum turma circumuallatus. Cumquealijlongamqua- 
 
 dragelimx inediam recentibus cibis compenfantes,acriter comederent, tile a 
 i terrenis reuocato aniino , diuinuni quiddam fpeculatus, mentes conuiuanti- 
 1 umpermouit amplioremperfufusinrifum : nulloquecaufamlauiiiasperqui- 
 
 rereprarfumente, tuncquidem ita taciturn, donee edendifatietas obfbnijsfl- 
 ncm impofuit, Sed remotis menfis, cumintnclinioregalibusexucreturj tresoptimatescum 
 profequuti,quorum vnuscratcomesHaroldus,fecundusabbas,tertiusepifcopus,familiaritatis 
 aufuintcrrogantquidriferat:mirum omnibus necimmentovideri, quaieintantaferenirate 
 diei&negotij, tacentibuscaueris, fcurrilemcachinnumejecerit. Stupenda(inquit)vidi, nee 
 ideo fine caufa rifi. Turn illi,vt moris eit humani ingenij/cifcitari & quatrere caufamardentius, 
 n fupplicibus dignanrerrernimpertiatur. Me mukumcun6tatus tandem inftantibusmira re- 
 fpondit :leptem dormientes in monte Ca?lio requielcere iamducentis annis in dextro ia- 
 centes latere : fed tunc in hora ipfa rifus fui, latus inuertifle iinift rum : futurum v t fcptuaginta 
 quatuor annis ita iaceant : dirum nimirum miferis mortalibus omen. Nam omnia ventura in 
 his feptuagintaquatuor annis , qua; dominus circa finemmundi prxdixk difcipulisfuis: gen- 
 terri contra gentemfurre£turam,&rcgnum aduerfusregnum,terra:motus per loca, peftilenti- 
 am & famem,terrores de coelo, & ligna magna, regnorum mutationes, gemilium in Chriftia- 
 nosbella, itcmChrifticolaium in paganos viclorias. Taliamirantibus inculcans paflioncm 
 feptem dormicntium,& habitudincscorporum (ingulorum,quas nulla docet l;tera,ita promp- 
 tediiferuit : ac ileum eisquocidianoviftitarctcomubernio. Hisauditis, comes militem,epi- 
 fcopusclericum, abbas monachum, ad veritatem verborum exfculpendam, ManichctiCon- 
 flantinopolitano imperitori mifere, adieths regis fui Uteris & muneribus. Eos ille benigne Te- 
 cum habitos epifcopo Ephefi deftinauit,epiftola paritcr, quam faciam vocant, comitame : vt 
 oftenderentur legatis regis Anglia? ieptem dormientium marturiales exuuia - . Faftiimq; eil 
 vt vaticinium regis EdwardiGrarcis omnibus comprobatum, qui fe apatnbusaccepifle iura- 
 rent, fuper dextrum illos latus quiefcere : fed poft introitum Anglorum in fpeluncam, verita- 
 tem peregrinasprophetixcontubernalibus fuis prardicarunr. Necmoram feliinatio malorum 
 fecit,quin Agareni,& Arabes, & Turci, aliens fcilicet a Chrifto genres, Syriam , & Ly ciam, & 
 minorem Afiam omnino, & maioris multas vrbes, inter quas & Ephcfum, ipfam etiam Hiero- 
 folymam depopulati,fuper Chrittianosinuaderent. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 VPort Caffemap king; Edward tlje Confeflbur being; cronmeb tirifl) litis kt'ngTp otarjeme ,ano 
 accompanteo uritfa biuers of bis nobles , fate at ctnrur in fats pallace at Wettminder. 9m> 
 tohenotbcrSjafterthcirlongabttincntetnthelentjreftefljeDthcinfeluesnjithrjaintpmeatSjano 
 fee thereupon bcrp earncftlp.be lifting bpbis intno from eartbip matters ano mebitating onfaea^ 
 uenlp bi8ons(to tfae great aDmirattou of tfaofe uifaicfa mere p^efent) bjake fojtrj into an crcccDing 
 laughter: ano no man pjefttming to enquire the caufeof fat's mirth, tbepallkcpt filence til Dinner 
 toasetraet). "But after Dinner, as bee toas in his beo-cfaamber putting off fats folcmne roabes, 
 tbjee offat's 3frobles, to bait earle Harold, an abbot,attti a ISiujcp, being mo je familiar toitfa him 
 then tfae rcGtmefollotoKb htm in.ano boulolp afkebfaiin tobat toas tfae otcaltonof bis laugbtenfo j 
 it fcemeb berp ttrange bnto tbcm all, tofaat frjaulDmoue faim at fo fole mne a timeano atTcmblp, 
 tofatleotfaers kept [Hence, to laugh fucrceui.uelp > r3faa3 1 (qt©tfafae)aDmirabletfa!ngs,anDtfacre= 
 fo?e laugfaeD 31 not toitfaout occafion. 3tben tfaep (as it is the common suife of all men ) Dcmaun- 
 ceo ano enquireb tlje caufe mo?e earnefllp, IjttmWp befeecbing faim tfaat face toouio bouchfafe to 
 
 impart 
 
I 
 
 
 i - ' i —————— -m -ii 
 
 8 TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, Aimed. 
 
 impart tbatfecret onto tbem. sati£reuponmufing l iionsu)l;iicijntubimfelfe,atien^tl;l)etom 
 tljcm bjonoerfull tbtngs : namelp tljat feuen Sleepers bao rettcn in mount Calius [loo bunojeD 
 peeres, Iping bpon tbeir rigbt fines ; but in tbe b erp Ijottre of tjis lattgbtet, that tljep turneo tbcnv 
 fcIucsontbetrleftfiBes;anntljactbcpfljoule continue fo Iping fo? tbe fpaceof 7^, peeres after; 
 being a trilmal fignc of future calamine bnto mankinoe, tfo) all tbtngs fbottlo come to pafle toitb« 
 in thofe 74,peeres,mljicb,as our ^auiour Cb ? ifi ftnetols unto Ijis ottciples, lucre to be fulfilleo 
 about tlje enneof tbe toojlD ; namelp cljac nation (bottlo rife againfi nation, aim kmgoome againOE 
 fcingnome, ano tbat trjere fljouln bee in manp places eartljquakes, pe(Mcnce,anD famine,ternble 
 apparitions in thebeauens.ann great fignes, togetljer ujuIj alterations of bingoomes, tuarrcs of 
 infioels againfi tlje CbHfiians , ana bictojies of tlje Cbjtfiians againfi tfec infioela. 3no as tljep 
 ttonoeren at tljefe relations , Ije neclarcn onto tljem the pafiton of tlje feticn Sleepers, toitlj tlje 
 pjopo?tion ami fijape of eacbe of tljeir bonies Oljtch dyings no man Ituing ban as tben commitun 
 bnto nm'ting) ano tljat fb plainclp ano nifiinctlp, as if be ban conucrfco a long time in tijr tr com= 
 panp. thereupon tlje earlefent a fenigijt,tljebiibcp a clearke, ano tlje abbot a menke bnto Mani- 
 chestbe^mpcrourofConftantinople, toitlj tbe letters ano gifts of tbcir&ing, lW)o gtuing 
 tbcm frienolp entertainment, fent tljem oner bntotbe bifljop of Ephefus ; ano tmotc Ijie letters 
 bnto bint giutng bim cbargc, tljat tbe €nglitfj ambattanours migljt be aomttten to fee tbc true, 
 ano material babiliments of tbe feuen Sleepers, 9no it came to pattc tljat King Ed w ards utfion 
 inas app?oucn bp all tbe Grcekes, tnbo pjoccflen tbcp mere amtcrtifeo bp tbeir fatbers, that tbe 
 fojxfaio feuen Sleepers Ijan altnapes befo?e tbat time rcfleo bpon tfjeir right fines ; but after tlje 
 <2ngluTjmen biere enteren into tbe catte, tljofe Sleepers confirmee tbctructlj of tlje outlanbitb 
 pjopbefic.bnto tbeir countrepmen. jaettljcrtocretbecalamittcsfojetoto.anplongtimeoclapen: 
 fo? tlje Agarens, Arabians, Turkes anb otber bnbeleeuing nations inuaDing tbe Cbjiftians, bar* 
 rien ano fpotlcn Syna,Lycia,tbe letter Afia,ann manp cities of Alia tlje greater ano amongtt the 
 tefiEphefus,pea,ann Ierufakm alfo. 
 
 The voyage oi Mured bifhop of Worcefier vnto Ierufakm f an. 10 j8. 
 Recorded by Roger Hotteden in parte priore Annatiumifpl. 1 5 ^-Unea. 1 /. 
 
 LuredusWigomienfis Epilcopusecclefiam,quaro in ciuitateGJauorna 
 afundamentisconftruxerat,inhonoreprincipii Apoltolorum Pecrihono- 
 rificededicauitt&poftea regis licemia WoKtanum Wigornicnlem Mo- 
 nachum afe ordinatum Abbatemconftituit ibidem. Dein praciulatu oi- 
 mifToWiltonienfisecclefiaE, qui libi adregendumcommiflus fuerat, & 
 Hermanno,cujusfapramentionemfecimus,reddito,maretranfijr, &per 
 Hungariam profe6tus eft Hierofolymam, &c 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 I 315 tbc pere of ourlojo 1058, Alured bitbop of Worcefter,»erp folemnelp oem'eatcc a Cburcb 
 (wljicbbimfelfc rjab founoet! ano built in tbe citie of Glocefter ) unto tbc Ijonour of ■%>. Peter 
 tije cljiefe 9poflie : ano aftertnaro bp tlje kings permiffion o^oainco Wolftan a S^onfec of Wor- 
 cefter of bje oiune cboice, to be 3bbate in tbe fame place. 3«D tben batting left Ijis *^tftjop?icke 
 Subtcl) inas comrnitteo bnto bim otter tlje Cburclj of Wilton, anb Ijaumo; rt fianeb tlje fame tmto 
 Hermannus about mentioneb .patten oucr tlje feas, ann trauailefl tbjougb Hungarie bnto le- 
 rufalem,&c. 
 
 The voyage of I?2^«/^«j Abbatof Q-oiland \nto Ierufakm , perfor- 
 med (according to Florentius Wtgornienfis ) in the yeere of our Lord, 
 1064, and defcribed by the laid Ingulphus himielie about the 
 conclufion of his briefe Hiftorie. 
 
 I> GoInguIphushumilisminiflerSan(ftiGu(hlaciMonafterijq;fuiCroilan- 
 A.D. 1004. jg| f^5^|^\)|' denfis, natus in Anglia, & a parentibus Anglicis , quipp^ vrbis pulcherri- 
 
 mae Londoniarum , pro Uteris addifcendis in rcnerion a?tate conftitutus, 
 primumWeftmonafterio, potimodum Oxonienii ftudio traditus eram. 
 Cumquein Ariftotele arripiendo fupramulros coa:ianeos meos profecit 
 fem ,etiam Rhetoricam Tfillijprimam & iecundam talotenus induebaro, 
 Fa6tusergoadolefcentior s faftidiei'sparentumni)eorumexiguitatern,pa- 
 tetnos lares relinquere,&palatiarcgumaurprincipumafFe(3:ans,mollibusveftiri,pornpoiifqae 
 lacinijs arniciti indies ardentius appetebam. Ec ecee.inclycus nunc rex nofter Anglif,tunc ad- 
 
 hue 
 
 A.D.I058. 
 
31 c co; tunc; to 
 
 FlorcnttusVVi- 
 gormenfis. 
 
 — - ' ■' ■ • — ■• ■ - 
 
 Jngtilphus. TrafFiques, and Difcoueries. o 
 
 hue cbmes Notmantiifc Wilhelmus ad colloquium tunc regis Angliae bdwaidicognau lui, A.D, 105 1 4 
 cum grandi miniftrantiurri comicatuLondoniasaduentabat. Qinbuscitiusinfettusongeitns 
 me vbfque ad omnia emergent!* negotiapcragenda, cum profpere plurima perfeciffem, in 
 bre'ui a^nitus i!luftri(Timocomiti& aftriclirtimeadamatus, cum ipfoNonnanniamcnuuiga- 
 bam. Factus ibidem fcriba eius,pro libhototam comitis curiam,ad nonnullorum inuidiam re- 
 gebain; quofque volui humiliakauij&quos volui exaltabain. Cumque iuuenili calore impul- 
 fus in' ram celfo ftacu lupra meos natales confiftere txdetem, quin femper ad alciora conlten- 
 dere,in{tjbiiianimo,ac nimium prurientiaffedtUjaderubefceriam ambitiofus auidiifime drii- 
 derarem: nuntiatuf per vniuerfam Normanniam plurimos archieprfcoposimperijeum non- A.D. 1064, 
 hullis abjs terra? prinupibus velle pro meriro animarum fuarum more peregrinorum cum de- 
 bits deuotioncH ierololy mam proflcifci. Defamilia ergo comitis domini noftri pktrimiram 
 miln es quam derici,quorum primus & praxipuus ego eram,cumlicentia,& domini noirri co- 
 mitis beneu'olentia, in didum iter nos omnes accinximus: & Alemanniam petentes ,equites 
 tri:;inra nuuie ro & amplius domino Maguntino coniundti fumus. Parari narnque omnes ad 
 vii'H ., 2ccumdominis epifcopis connumerati feptem millia, pertranfeuntes profpere multa 
 tetrarum lpatia,tandem Conftantinopolim peruenimus. Vbi Alexium Imperatoremeius ad- . 
 oratltes Agiofophiam vidimus,& infinitafandtuaria ofculati fumus. Diuertentes inde per Ly- 
 cianr, in manus Arabicorum latronum incidimus ; euifceratique de infinitispecunijs, cum 
 mortibusmultoruiT^&maximovitinoftra? periculo vixeuadentes,tandemden"derati!Trn)arn 
 ciukatemHierofolymam ljtointroitutenebamus.Abipfb rune patriarchaSophronio nomine, 
 viravenerandacanitiehoneftiffimoacfanftiflimOjgrandicymbalorumtonitru.&Iuminarium 
 imnieniofuIgorefulcepti.addiuiniflimamecclefiainfandtillimifepulchrijtamSyroriim.quam 
 Latiriorumfolenniproceffionededufti fumus. Ibiquotpreces inorauimus,quotIachrymas 
 inflpuimuSjquotfufpiriainfpirauimus/oluseiusinhabitatornouitD.nofterlefusChriltus.Ab 
 ipioiiaquegloriofilTimofepulchro Chriftiadaliafanfiuariaciuitatis inuifenda circumdu&i, 
 irifinitam fufnmam fa ndtarum ecdefiarum, & oratoriorum , qua? Achim Soldanus dudum de- 
 firuxerat.oculis lachrymofis vidimus.Etomnibusruinisfanc-tifsima:ciuitatis,tam extra,quam 
 irif raj Tiumerofislachtymis intimo affec~tu compafsi, ad quorundam reflaurationem datis non 
 paucispecunijs,exirein patriam &facratifsimoIordane intingi,vniuerfaque Chrifti vefligiaof- 
 culari, defiderantifsima deuotione fufpirabamus. Sed Arabumlatrunculi qui omnem viam 
 obteruabanr, Iongius a ciuitace eiia°ari, fua rabiofa multitudineinnumera non finebant. Vere 
 jgitur accedence, ftolus nauaimlariuenfiu'm in porta Ibppenfiapplicuit. Inquibus,cumfua 
 mercimoniaChriltianimercatoresperciuitates maritimascommucaffentj&fandalocahmi- 
 literadoraflenr, afcendentes omnesmari nos commifimus. Et ia£tati fludibus & proccllis in- 
 nuirreris tandem Brunduliu, & profpero itinere per Apuliam Romampetentes/andoru Apo- 
 ftolorum Petri &PauIi limina,&copiofifsima fan6torumartyrum monument a per omnes fta- 
 tiones ofculati fumus. Inde archiepifcopi, eg tenque principes imperij Alemanniam per dex- 
 tram repecentes.nos verfus Franciam ad finittram declinantes,cum inenarrabilibus & gratijs & 
 ofculis ab inuicem difcefsTrhus. Et' tandem de trigiritaequitibuSjqui de Norman'nia pingues 
 exiuimnSjVix vigintipaupetesperegrini,&omnespedites,macic multa attenuati,reuerfi fumus. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 Ilngulphus an [jumtile fcruant of reuereno Guthlac ano of his tnonaQerp of Croiland , home 
 in England, ano of Cnguftj parents, at the ueautifull citie of 'London ,i»aia in mp pouth , fo? 
 the attaining of gooDletters , placet) fitfl at Weflminfler, ano aftertoarD fentto the 22ntue rGtie 
 of Oxford. SlnD hatting eiccclUD Diners of mine equals in Uarntng of Ariftotle,3l tnoteo mp felfe 
 fomeVurjattonto the fittt $fecono El)etI)a?iqueof.Tullie,anD as 31 greti) inage,eifDapntngmppa= 
 rentsmeaneefiate,aniif'o^fakinginiiteotone natiuefbpte, 3! affectea tlje Courts of feingsano * 
 p?inces,anD teas befiruus to be clao in ftlfec,ant) to tueare biatte ano cqfflp attire, 3uq loe,at the 
 fame time William out foueretgne king nom, but then Ctlc of Noimandie,vi)itha great ttotip 
 of foUotoerS ano. attendants came unto London, to conferre tuittj iking ^Edward the (EonfctTout ^.r> # IO , Ir 
 Jnskinfman, 3nto 1 tel3oCccompanpintruoingmpfdfe,anDp?offenngmp.feruicefo]^^^ 
 manceof anpfpeeDpo?toeightieaffap?es,tnu)o?t time, after 3jijao Done manp tilings tottl) 
 gooopfucccITe,3I.toaBknotoenanDmoflcmirelp bcloueDbpthe\)tctoj!OttB <£rle bimfelfe , anD 
 tottl) ijim 31 faplco into Normandie. QlnD therebetng maoe ljis fccr'ttafte,3l gbtierneDtlje€tIes 
 Court (albeit tofth'<hE : enitte of fome) as mp felfe pleafeD,pea tobom 3f tobtiUiJ abafeD.ano p?e« 
 fetreD'toljom 31 thougbt gooo. ELthen as ther'efo?e,'bemg carricD tot'th a potithfull Ijcat ano luilie 
 bumotit, 31 begati" to tie toearte etten of tljis p!ace,Ui^erein 31 toas aDttanccD ftb^'ffb abo^e mp pa^ 
 rentage, ano mitt) anihconSant minbe, ano affection tbo too ambitious , moll' berjf nVntlp afui» 
 
 reo 
 
i o T he E nglilh Voyages, Navigations, Gutuere, 
 
 rcD <ti all occaltong to climbe Ijigbet : ctieie toent a rcpojt throughout all Normandie.tbat Diucrg 
 are'nbilbops ofclxe Cmpire s ano fecuiar punces toere,pcft"rous fo j the tr foults IjeaTelj, anD fo?D£- 
 itotion fake, rogoeon pilgrimage to Icrufalem. JKIJljerefojeeutef the familp of out lo^Derfce 
 #arle, funD#cf us, both gentlemen anD clerkes (puncipallof tobointoas mpfelfe ) toitb tlje li- 
 cence ano gooo toillof out Capo lop the catle.lpcD us on tljat Uoiage,anti trauailingtbittic ho jfca 
 of Us into high Germanic, toe iopneu out fetes unto tlje Slrctjbiujop of Mentz , anD being toitb 
 tlje companies of tlje ISifljops feuett tljoufanu pctCons fufficicntlp p loui dcd fo 1 fuel) an etpcoi* 
 t ion, toe uafleD pjtofper uflp though manp p 1 oumccs, anD at length r. ttainep unco Conitantino- 
 ple. inhere uoingttuerence unto the iffimperout Alexius, toe Catoc tlje Cburrb ofSan&a So- 
 phia, ano feiifeD Dtuccs facreo reltques, Depatting thence through Lycia, toe fell into tbc banoa 
 of tlje Arabian tbecues : anu after toe ban bene robbco of infinite famines of moncp.ariD Ijao loft 
 manp of out people, tjatulp efcaping toitb ertreaine Danger otour Hues , at length toee topfull?' 
 entereu into tbc moll toiujeo cicie of Ierufalem. EHbere toe tocre receiueu up tbe mo rcttcrcnu, 
 agcu anDljolppatriarkcSopbronius,toitl) great mclouie of cpmualsanu toitb tojcb-ligijt, ano 
 toereaccompanieu Unto tbe mod uiume Church of our Mainour bis fcuuictut toitb a folemne 
 p?oceffion aftoellof Syrians as of Latmes.8pete,botomanpp?apets toe uttercD.tobrt'abunDance 
 of ccai es toe fljeo, tobat Deepe figbs toe bieatheD foojilj, our Loid 3Jcfus£lj»'fl oiiclp knotoetlj. 
 JMjerefo^ beingcouottttcDftcm tbe mottglojwus f^^^ 
 
 numents of tbecitie.toe fato toitb toeepingepes a great number of bolp Cbut cbes ano ojato jtes, 
 toijicb Achim tlje S>ou'oan of Egypt ban latelp uettropeD, 3no fo batting betoatleu toitb fauDc 
 teares,anu mollfojotoful ano bleeping arTections,all tlje mines of tljat trtoft Ijolp citp botb toitb' 
 in ano toitljout, anu Ijauing bettotoeo monep fo j tbe reeoifpiu , of fume, toe oefireD toitb moll ac- 
 cent neuotion to go fojtlj into tlje countrcp,to toafb our fetes in tbe mofi facrcu riucr of lordan, 
 anotokiiTe alltbefleppesofChrift. JJ)otobeit tbe tbecuiuj Arabians linking upon eucrptoap, 
 toottiD not fttfftt us to traucll farre from tbe tit p, bp rcafon of their tjuge anu furious multit uDt s. 
 iKBhecefoje about tbe fpjutttbere artitteoat t(jepo?tofIoppaafleetofnjipsfremGenoa. 3n 
 Mjieb fleet (toljcn the Cbjtflian merchants bau ercijangeo all tljcirtoarca at tbc coafl tctones, 
 ano IjaD liketoife UiGteo tlje bolp places) toee all of us embarkeu , committing our fetes to tbe 
 fcas : ano being toffeu toitb manp iTo mics anD t emp c lis , at length to ec atrtueo at Bru ndufiuna : 
 anu fo toitlj a piofpcrousicurnep trauciling tbojoto A pulia t c toatcs Rome, toe there uifiteD tlje 
 fjabttatumai of tlje Ijolp apoBlcsPeter anD Paul, ano did reuerence unto uiuers monuments of Ijo- 
 lp martpjs in all places tbojotoout tbe citp, jfromtl.encctlje arcljbifijops ano other pjtnccs of 
 tbe empire trauelimg totoatDS the rigljt ijanp foj Alemain , ano toe Declining totuarDg tlje left 
 IjanD fo? France , Dcpartcu afunoer.taking our Iraucs toitljUnfpcakable tljaiikcs anu cemtefies. 
 3nu fo at length, of tljirtp bo^femen toijicb toent out of Normandie fat,lu(tp,ano frolique.toe rc= 
 turneutbitberntarfettoentppoo?epilgrimsof us, being all footmen, anuconfumeu toitb lean* 
 neiTe to tbt bare bones. 
 
 yDiuers of the honourable family of the Beauchamps jwkh Robert 
 Curtoys fbnne of IViffiamxhe Conqueror, made a voyage to lerufdem 1 096. 
 
 Hoi pa<r.22.Vol.2. 
 
 1 ©pe Vi bane calling a COtmcell at Clermont in Auuergne, erbo jteu theCbjt* 
 ■ fiian punces foearnetrlptomakeaiournepinto tlje Holy land.foj tlje reicquerp 
 thereof out of the Saracens bancs, tbat the fatDe great ano gcnerallioumcp'toaa 
 concl u dcd Upon to be tafeen in banu, toljercin manp noble men of CIj jrtlcnoonur 
 1 toentunoer tbe leaDing of Godfrey of Bouillon ^otljersi, asintbeCbJohiclesi 
 of jFrance.of (Sermanle.ariu of tbe Holy land ooecijmojeplainelp appeare, Cberetoent alio a« 
 mong other Diuers noble men foo jtb of this Sealmc of iffinglanB, fpeciallp tljat too jtbilp bare tlje 
 furnameofBeauchampe. ^ 
 
 f The voyage of Gutuere an Englifh Lady maried to !Balduinebto- 
 
 ther olGodfreide duke of Boui/lo»,to\\'Zid lerufdem about io?7.And the 1 1, 
 yeereof William Ruftis King ofEngland. 
 
 Oe €h?i(tianarmie of Godftie of Bouillon pairing tfje ritie of Iconium,alias A- 
 gogna inclje countrep of Licaonia,anu from thence bp the citp of Heradia.came 
 
 1 at length unto tbecitic ofMaraiia, toljeretbep encampeu,anu IbiourncD there 
 tb;ee toljoleuapes.bcraufeof tbetoifeof Baiduincb?otljcr germane of tlje uuke 
 
 ' of Loraigne. SUljicij laDp being longtime ucreu toitlj a grieuous malaop.toa? 
 
 in 
 
Edvar. Traffiqu^aiTd Difcoueries. li 
 
 in tjrtrcmute, mljew at Icngtl) papuig tlje Debt Due to uatttre 9 (I)c cljangeo tljts tranfuo?ie ltte,fo j 
 life cternall ; aHbo,tn ber lifetime, toias a berp tuojtljp aim uertuous iatip, bomein Cnglan&j 
 am oefcenoeb of mod noble parentage nameo Gutuere ; (KLtljtcMcco joing to Ijer ocgrce , toas 
 theremofl bonoutablp ettterreo, to tbe great griefe of all tbe tobole armir i&B re po ?tctb William 
 arcbbi(Ijopofryrc,lib.3.cap.i7.hift.bellifacri. ©befameautbojtn tljeio ( boofce$firfl: chap- 
 ter of tljc fame biffo?ie concerning tbe fameenglifyIabp,ton'tctbfurtberasfollobjetb, Bald- 
 v ine ijauin'g folouoeii tbe toarrcs fo ? a tinie,gaue bis minbe to marriagc,fo tljat being in (ffinglann 
 be fell in Iotie un'tlj a berp honourable anb noble iaop nametiGutuere, tn[jom be marrico atio ca= 
 rieo tomb Ijtm t'ntbat fttff bappp erpeoition, tofjerin Ije accompanies ljfe bjctljjcn tlje Io?OB 5 otike 
 Godfrey aiio Euilace, perCbns berp commenbable in allbcrtucs aim of tmmojtall mehwgie. 'But 
 bebao barb fojtunc in bis ioutnep, becaufe bis fojefaio torife, being toearicD toritb a long firtmes" 
 finiftjeo Ijcr life boitb a Ijappie eno neere tbe citte of Mara(ia,befo?e tbe Clj jiirtatt armie came bnto 
 Antioch, toljcreOjeiuaBbonourablpbune^as toe bauebeclareo before. 
 
 t^CbroniccnHkrofolymitanumin lib.3.cap.2^.m^s.t\h alfo mention of thisEng- 
 lifliLady,whichhccalleth<W»wv* in thismaner. t 
 
 f^£,>?]3 AcinrcgioneMarefchvxorBa!dewininobiMima,quamderegnoAngIi£eduxit, 
 a PlIslJ [f diutina corporis molettia aggrauata,& duci Godefrido commendata, vicam exha- 
 |jpi^|4lauir,fepultaCatholicisobfequijs; cuius nomeneratGodwera. 
 ggfr^sl* The fame in Englifh. 
 
 1'JS tljis pjouince of Marcfch tlje moil noble inife of Baidwine, bJljfcb be carieo toitb \)im cut of 
 Cnglans being toificcti ton'tb oaplp fickneffes ano infirmities of boop,aiiD commenoco to tlje ru« 
 Coup of Dime Godfrey,oeparteD out of tljfe life, ano toas buries after tbe Civilian maner, J;ec 
 nameuiasGodwcra* 
 
 f The voyage of Edgar the fonne of 'Edward which was thefonne 
 
 of Eclmund furriamed Iron fide, brother vnto K,Edward the confefTor/ bein g 
 accompanied with valiant 'Robert the fonne of Godwin ^vnto Ierufa!em,in the yeeie of 
 ourLordiio2,Recordcdby^'/'&<jwofMalm'csbuiie,/^.i'.^//?o : / r o/.j-j'. 
 
 jVbfequenti tempore cum Roberto filio Godwin! militeaudaciflimoEdgarus .n . ,- 
 | Hieroiblymam pertendit. Illud fuit tempusquoTurciBaldwinumregema- ' ' °* 
 pudRamasobfcderunt:quicumpbfidionis iniuriamferrenequiret,perme- 
 dias hoftium acies effugic, folius Roberti opera liberatus pra?euntis, & euaoi- 
 | nato gladio dextra leuaque Turcos cxdentis. Sed cum fucceffu ipfo trucu- 
 i lentior,alacritate nimia procurreret,enfis manu excidit. Ad quern recolli°en- 
 dum cum fe inciinaiTet,omnium incurfu oppreflus, vinculis palmas dedir. In de Baby!oniam(vc 
 aiunt)ductus,cum Chriflum abnegare nollet,in medio foro ad /ignum pofitus,& fagittis tere- 
 bratus.martyrium confecrauic Edgarus amiflb militeregreflus, multaque beneficia ab Impe- 
 ratoribus GriECorum,& Alemannorum adeptus ( quippe qui etiam eum retinere pro generis 
 amplitudinetentaffent) omnia pro natalisfolidefideriofprcuit.Quofdamenimprofedtofailic 
 amorpatria?,vc nihil eisvideaturiucundum,nificonfuetumhauferintcceIum. Vnde Edgarus 
 fatua cupidine illufus Angiiam redijt.vbi ( vt iuperius dixi ) diuerfo fortune ludicro rotatus, 
 nunc remotus 8c tacitus, canos fuos in agro confumit. 
 
 The fame in "Englifh.' 
 
 Ajftertoaro Edgar being fonne bnto tbe nepbelne of Ed ward tbe ronfeflbur, traucileo toitlj 
 Robert tbe fonneof Godwin a moffbaliant &mgIjt,bnto Ierufalem. 9nbit tuas at tbe fame 
 time toben tbe Turkes beltegeb lung Baldwin at Rama : toljo not being able to cntiure tbe 
 flraigbt fiege^aa bp tlje belpe of Robert efpectallp.goingbf fo?e bini,anD tottlj bisbjatuenfttojB 
 malting a lane , anb Raping tlje ^urftea on bis rigbt Ijanne anb on Ijis left, Delittcret out of tljat 
 banger, ano efcapeo tbjouglj tbe mibtt of W enemies rampe* But bpon fjteljappte fucccifc be 
 tngmoje eager anb fierte, as bee toent fojtoaro fometubat toobatlilp,ljisfn)o?bc fell out of bis 
 baitbt <&\\)icl) as Ije floupeo to tafee bp, being oppjcffeD toitlj tljelnljole muItituDe,beeiuaS tbere 
 taken ana bounb. jfrom \nbence ( as fome fap) being carries bnto Babylon 01 Alcair in Egypt, 
 toljen be bjouln not renounce Chrift.lje teas tpeo bnto attnfee in tbe mioftoftbemarkctplaccana 
 beingfljot thjougbtoitlj arrotoeB.bieb amartp?, Edgarljauinglott btsfenigbt returneo,anb being 
 Ijonoiircti bjitb manp retoarosbotljbp tlje ©reefeiuj ano bp tlje <J5ermaine €mperour(ujbo botlj of 
 tbcniiBoulb rigljt glaolp baueentertaineo tym fttl foj l;ts great nobtlitie) contemncb all tfjings in 
 
 refpett 
 
 
II 
 
 Traffiques,and Difcoueries. (jodericui* 
 
 OPtifinfte Att« 
 rnour-au t»ji» 
 tingofc])l0 
 
 jliUo.'P- 
 
 refpectof ijisnatiuefoile, jfojintoerp oeeoe fome ate fomueagleatoitb the louc of their cotm* 
 trep,that nothing can feeme pleafant unto them, DnlefTc thep fyeath in thefome aire inhere thep 
 toercbjca ♦ ffiltljercfoje Edgar being mineaactoith a fono affection, rftutnea into England; 
 ano nftcrtuaro faemsfubicctijnta oiuers cIjaHgcs of fortune (astocljaueabouc Gsm6c»^|je fpcn« 
 aetl; * noto Ijit^c^tceeme oloc age in anobfcureano jjjiuate place of tlje couwrep. 
 
 f Mention made of one Goierkus^. valiant Englifliman,who was 
 withhis (hips in the voyage vnto the Holy land in the fecondyeere of Bald. 
 wine King oiler nfalem, in the third yere of Henry the firlt c$ England. 
 
 Hronicon Hierofolyraitanum lib,9.cap.o,Veru.m dehinc feptem dicbus cuo- 
 I lutis rex ab Affur exiens, nauem qus dicitur Buza afcendic, & cum eo Gode- 
 ricus pirata dc regno Anglia:,ac vexillo hafts prsefixo & elato in aere ad radi- 
 os folis vfque, Iaphet cumpaucis nauigauic.vt hoc eius figno ciues Chriftiani 
 1 recognito, fiduciam vtae rtgishaberent, & non facile hoftiti minis'paucfaiSti, 
 turpitcr diffugium faeerent.aut vrbem reddere cogerentur.Sciebat enim eos 
 mulrum de vita & falutc eius defpef arc.Saraceni aine vifb eius figno,& recognito, ea parte qug 
 vrbcm nauigio cingebat ill t in galeis viginti &Carinis'tredecim , quas vulgo appellant Cazh, 
 occurrerttnt, volcntes Buzam regis coronare . Scd Dei auxilio vndismaris ilUs ex aduerfo tu- 
 mefcentibus ac relu6hntibus,Buza autem regis facili,&agili curfu inter procellas labcnte,ac 
 volitantc,in portu Ioppa: Jelufishoflibus fubito affuit, fcx ex Saraceniginarcufuo in nauicula 
 pcrcuffis.acvulncratis^ntransitaqueciuitatemdumjncoluniisom.niumpatjerctoculisjreuixie 
 jpiritus cunftorum gementium &de eius raorte hadenus dolent,ium,eo quod caput &reX 
 Chriftianorum &princeps Hierufalem adhucviuus&incolumis reccptu^fit, 
 
 The fame in EnsliCfi. 
 
 BXli fetten napes afttrtoarB 5 tlje Sinacomming out of the toirmc of Affur entrca into a ffjippe 
 calltD a Bufle, ana one Godericke a pirate of the iuugaome of Cnglano bmbhim.ano fallen* 
 ingbtsbminercntfjetcppeofafpeare, anabolaing it bp aloft in the aire agatnft the bcamessof 
 the g>unne,failea unto Iaphet toitlj a fmail company ; Chat the Cb?iftian Citizens there feeing 
 this his banner, might conceiue hope that the i&lngtoas pet lining, anabcing not catnip terrifieB 
 toith tlje tlneatce of tlje enemies might fhamefullp runne aurap, 0} be conffraittca to peela up the. 
 citie. jf o } hce fmeto that thep mere uerp much out of Ijope of Ik's life ant) fafette ♦ €fje Sara- 
 cens feeing anafenotoingthis ht'sbaimer, that part of tljemtohich enuironeatlje Citie bptoatcc 
 maae totoatas him vuith tumttie ©allies ana tbittccne ujippf s.tohicb thep eommonlp cal Cazh, 
 feckingtoinclofctheEtngsfbipue. 35ut,bp<8ooiSheIpetije billotoeiS of tlje S>ea fuelling ana 
 raging ngamft them, ana tlje Sxings fhippe gliaing ana palling thjouglj tlje toaue? rufth an cafte 
 ant> nimble couife atrttteo fuoacnlpin tlje bauen of Ioppa, t|e cnEmiesfruttrateDoftrjetrpur« 
 pofe; anaGreof theSaracens lucre ijtirt ana bjouuaea bpujotout ofttjeEingsHjippe. Siothat 
 the iking entering into tlje Citie, ana noine appearing in fafctie in all tljeir Cghteis, the fpirit? of 
 all iljcm that monmea fo? him, ana until then lamentea a? tljottglj Ijce baa bene aeaa, reuiuea,be« 
 taufetbattbebtaaanaiKingoftheCljjifiiani!, ana pjincc of Ierufalemtoas pet alia<;,ajta come 
 againe unto them in perfect health. 
 
 ^Mention made of one HardhteoE England one ofthechiefefi: per- 
 fonages, and a leader among other of two hundred faileoffhipsofChri- 
 llians that landed at Ioppa in the yeere of our Lord God 1 1 02. 
 
 ! HroniconHierofoIymitanum libro o.cap.i i.Interea dum hac obfidioage- 
 1 retur 2co.nauesChriftianorum nauigio Ioppcnappulfa:funr,vtadorarcne 
 in Hierufalem. Horum BernardusWitrazhde terra Galatia:, Hardinus de 
 ' Anglia,OihodeRoges,Hadewerck,vnus de prarpotentibusWeflfalorum, 
 primi & du6iores fuiffe referuntur, &c. Erat autem tcrtia ferialulij menfis, 
 quandoha: Chriftianorutncopiar.Deoprotegente, hue nauigio angufliatis 
 &obfeffis ad opcm collata: funt. Sarracenorum autem turma:,videntesquiaChriftianorum 
 virtus audafter facie ad faciemvicinofibi hcfpitioproxiffieiungebaiur, media nofteorbiin- 
 cumbcnie,amotis tentorijs amplius milliari fubtrafta? confedetunt, dum luce exorta consilium 
 iuircnr,vtrum Afcalonem redirent, aut ciucs Iaphet crebris aflultibus Yexarcnt, 
 
 The 
 
Hardin. 
 
 Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 V 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 W^iletbe&ara^enscommueo tljcic Qege ngainftloppa, ttoobunojeD fatfeofCljuflian 
 ftipsarnue0atIoppa,tl)attbepmigljtpetfi>jme.tbe«WuotjonBatilpigrufaIeiii. ^Ijc 
 cbiefemenanDlcaoersof tbefeCbjittiansaterepojteotobauebene: Bernard Witrazh of the 
 lanDOfGalatia, Hardine of England, OrhoofRoges, Haderwerckoncoftbecbteft noble melt 
 of WertphaJia,&c.^I.l)iB CbjiuHanpotocr tb?ougb<8t>DS fpeciall pjowifion, arnueo bere foj die 
 tuccotiranDctUcfeoftijciJulrcffea^beBcseDC^tttianeinloppa, . tf>e tt>iro Da>> of Julp, 1 102, 
 anDintbefeconDpeereofBaldwinekingoflerufalen». aBbeceupontbemultttuDe oftlic v&ara- 
 jens.feemg tljat tlje (Cljjifltan potuc r iopneo tbemfelucs bololp, clofe bp tiirm cucn face co face 
 tnaloDgingbatDbptbcm, tbcuerpncrtntgbtatmionigbt, remooueDtbeir tents, anopttebco 
 tljcm 1110 ! c tben a mile off, t ba 1 1 Ijcp 11115b t tlje it tx t morning bee aDtufeD tobetber tfjcp iijo u I o re= 
 tucne to Afcalon,p? bp often atfaults sere the citizens of Iaphct. 
 
 Chronicon Hierofolymicanum, eodemlibroo.cap. 1 2. COntitUietbtbiSljiutyie oftbefe ttoo 
 IjuhDjctb fafle of ftips>nD tbetoecb Ijoto bp tbeirpjotoetfe cljieflp.tbe multttuoe of tbe Srara^cns 
 mere in fljo }t fpace uanquifbeD ano ouertb?otoen : Ebe too jds are tbefe ; Ab ipfo vero die tenia: 
 
 feria:dum fie in fuperbia&elatiqncfua; mulcicudinis immobiles Saraceni pcrfiiterent, & mul- 
 cis armoruin terronbusChriHianumpopuluni vexarent, fexta fcria appropinquante, Rex 
 Baldwinusintubis&cornibusalaphecegrediensjinmanu tobuflacquitum&peditumvirtu- 
 temillorumcrudeIibelIoe(taggreiTus,magnishinc&hincclamoribusintonantes.ChriHiani 
 quoque qui nauigio appulfi func horribili paiiter clamore cum Rege Baldwino, & graui ftre- 
 pitu vociferanccs, Babyloniosvehementipugnafuntaggreflijfeuirrirnisatqsrnortirensplagis 
 eos affligentes,donec bello fatigaci,& vlcra vim non fufiinentes fugam verfus Afcaldnem inie- 
 runr. Alii veroab infecutoribus eripi exiftimantes, & manic credentes, intolerabili procella- 
 rum fluduatione abforpti func. Et fie ciuitas Ioppecum habicatoribus fuis liberata ert.Cecidc- 
 runthac die tria milliaSarracenorum.'Chrirtianorum vero pauciperliiTeinuenciiUnr. 
 
 TheiameinEnghih. 
 
 YGt nottoitbffanDing, after t&e fatD tljirD Dap of Julp ,tbe gjara^ens perfifteo bi gb minueD ano 
 infolent, bpreafon of tbctr great mitltituoe, ano nuictjannotcD tbe Cbjtttian people tout} 
 tbeitmanp fojceable ano terrible toeapons ; tobereupon, on tbe firt Dap of ajulp eatlp in tbe moj= 
 ningfeingBaldwinetffueDoutoflaphec, bis trumpets ano comets peelDing a great am> lotoD 
 founD,ano toitb aucrp flrong armie as toell of bojfemen as fooremen, tobo on etterp floe making 
 great Routes ano otitcries,toitb fierce anD (barpe battellfet on tbe matne potoer of tbeir enemies. 
 %be CI) jifiians alfo toljo arrtueo in tbe nauie,rearing great clamours atiD nopfes, toitb Ioud noi- 
 cesanD(bouting0inbojriblerj3ifetogetber,tottbWngBaIdwineairaulteDltKetDtfftottb tftong 
 battell tbe Babylonians, ano afflicteDtbem toitb mottfo?eam>DeaDlptoounD0, imtiiltbe§>ara» 
 ?ens being toearieo toitb figbting,no? able longer to emmre ano bolD out againtt tbe balure of tbe 
 Cb?U?ians,fleDtoiuarDSAfcalon . 9nDotberoftbem Ijopingtocrcapcfromtbcmtbatpttrfuca 
 tbem,lept into tbe tea, anotoereCmalotoeDbpintbetoattestbereof ♦ Snofo tlje titt'eofloppa 
 toitb tbe inbabitants tbereof tor re frceD of tbeir enemiesXberetoereflainttbis Dap tbieetbou^ 
 fanD §>ar a jcns,miD but a f cm of tbe Cb^imans periujeD. 
 
 yAFlceteofEngliflimen, Danes, and Flemmings, arriued at 
 Joppa in the Holy land, thefeuenthyeere of Baldwine the Jecond king 
 ot Hierufalem. Written in the beginning of the tenth booke of the Chro- 
 nicle of Hierufalem, in the 8.yeere of Henry the firft of England. 
 
 Cap. 1. 
 % tbe fame time alfo in tbefeuentbpeere of tbe raigne of Bald wine tbe Cs* 
 tbolifee king of hierufalem, abetp great toarrclifte Ulcere of tbe Catbolifce 
 nation of England, to tlje number of about feue tboufanD,bauing niitb tbem 
 mojemenofttarreoftbckingDomofDenmarke, of FlanderianDof Ant- 
 werpe,arriueD toitb fljips tobicb tbep call UuCfes, at tbe b'auen of tbe citie of 
 Iaphet,DeterminingtberetomaketbeiraboDe, smill tl)ep tjauinor. obtatnen 
 tbe kings licence ano fafcconDuct, migbt fafelp too junp at l^ierufalrm. ©f 
 tobicb nauie tbe cbiefett ano bett fpoken repairing to tbe king , fpake to bttii in tbis maner. 
 Gljjittpjeferue tbe Kings life,ano pjofper bts kmgoome fromDap to Dap ; 2£lec,Uring men ano 
 foulDioure of (£b?iSianpjofetfion, Ijatie, tljjougb tl;c ijclpe of (Sod, fapleo bubertb^cugbnugbtie 
 
 B ano 
 
l * 
 
 - i i i ii i .1 ii i ti— rnrti 1 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Hardin, 
 
 ano large fcas,from tbe farre countrepsof England, Flanders,cno Denmarke,to too jftjtp at Ie- 
 rufalem, and to biflt tbe fepulcbje of out ilo?o. 3nd therefore toe are affembleo to intreat pour 
 clemencp toucbing tbe matter, that bp pout f auour ano fafe conduct toe map pcacea blp goe bp to 
 Ierufalem.ahotooiajiptbere.anoforeturne. 
 
 . - 
 
 Chap. 
 
 2. 
 
 T^eyngfauouraWp^eattngt&ett-tobolepetition.grantEDomoti'cmartongbanDofttira 
 to conduct tbcm.tobiclj bjougljt tljem fafelp from all affaults and ambuftjes of the (Sentifes 
 bp tlje fenotoentoapes into Ierufalem ano all other place? of ceuottott. after that tbefe pfi* 
 grims, 9 neto Cbjtttian Qrangcts toere bjougbt tbitr>er 3 rtje? offering onto our JLo?o tljeir tootocs 
 in tbe temple of tbe holp fepulcb?e,returneo toitb great top.ann toitbout all let Onto Ioppajtoljerie 
 finding the king, tbcpbotoeotbattljep tooulo afftttbtmmall tilings , tobicbujoulofeemegood 
 bntobim: tobo, greatlp commencing tbe men, ano commanding tbem to be toeflentertaineo 
 toitb Ijofpitalitp, anCtocreo ctjat be could not on tlje fuoocnanftocre to tbts point, bntill tljat after 
 be bad called bis nobles together, hcbaocanfulteo toitljmplo?dtbe ^atriartb tobat toasmolt 
 meetandconucnicntto bedone, ano not to trouble in bainefotoillinganarmp. 9no therefore 
 after afeto napes, callingbntoljim mp lojo tbe ^patriarch', Hugh of Tabatia, Gunfride tbe bee* 
 per ano lieutenant of tlje touier of Dauid, ano tbe otljer cbiefettmen of toarre, be Determined to 
 baue a meeting in tbe citp of Rames,to confult toitb tbcm tobat toas bcR to be none, 
 
 . 
 
 Chap. 3. 
 
 ■ 
 
 WI[)o, being aflemblco at tbe nap appointed, anopjopoGngtbeir oiuers opinions gtiudge* 
 ments, at lengtlj it feemed belt bnto tbe toljole companp tobeftege tbecitp Sagkta, 
 tobicb is alfo calico S idon, if peraduenture, tlj j ougb (Sodb belpe, ano bp tbe Qrengtb of tljis ncto 
 armp , bp land ano fea it migbt be ouercome. ffiHbercupon all tlje p tobicb toere tbete pjefent, 
 ano required tbat cljis citp thoulo be bcfiegcd, becaufe it toas one of tljofe cities of tbe ©entiles 
 tobicb continuallp rebelled, toere commenoed,and admonifljed of tlje iking cuerp one to go borne, 
 ano to furnilb tbemfclues toitb tbings iteceflarp , and armour fo? this erpeoition. (Sttcrp one of 
 tbem departed borne; liketotfe Hugh of Tabaria departed, being a cbicfc man of toarre againff 
 tbe imtafioivs of tbe enemies , tobicb could neuer be toearieo dap no? nt'gljt in tlje countieof tlje 
 pagans, mputfuingtbcm toitb toarre anotoarlikeQratagemcs alltljeDapcsofbisufe, 3imme* 
 oiatlp after tbtl confutation tbe King fent ambaffaoours to alt tbe multitude, of t!ie Cngliuj men, 
 requiring tbcm not torcmouetbeircampeito? fleet from tbecitp of Iaphet,butquietlp to atteno 
 tlje kings further commanoement, Clje fame ambatTaoours alfo Declared bnto tbe toljole armp, 
 tljat tlje king ano all bis nobtlitp b«o determined to befiegc and afTault tbe citp Sagitta bp feaann 
 bp land , and tljat tljeir belpe and forces toould tljete be necdfull : and tbat fo? tbis purpofe , tlje 
 king ano tlje patriarcb toere comming ootone bnto tlje citp of Acres , and tbat tbep toere inbuil* 
 ding of engms, andtoarlike infftumcnts,td inuaoetbetoallesand inhabitants tbereof : andtljat 
 in tbe meane fcafon tbep toere to remaine at Iaphet , bntill tbe kings furtber commanoement 
 toere knotoen, CUbereupon tbep all agreed tljat it (boulo fo be cone according to tbe kings com* 
 manoemenc ; ano anftoereo tbat tljcp tooulo attcno Ijis Directions in tbe hauenof Iaphct,$ toould 
 in all points bcobcoicnt bucobim butotljeoeatb. 
 
 Chap. 4. 
 
 T Peking eamedotone to Acres toitb tljepatriarclj, ano all bis familp, building, and making" 
 tljcrc bp tbe fpace of fo jtie oapes engins , and manp kindes of toarlikc iuflruments : and ap« 
 pointing all tbings to be made perfectlp rcadp .toljicb fcemed to be mofl conuenient fo? tbe atfaul* 
 ting of tbe citp. aifoo.te as this purpofe and intent of tbe fting toas come bnto tbe eares of tlje 
 inbabitants of Sagitta , and tljat an inuincible potoer of men of toarcc toas aniued at Iaphet to 
 rjelpe tbe king, tbep toere greatlp aflonieo, fearing tbat bp tbis meanes,tbep mould be confume* 
 andfuboueDbptbckingbpdintofftoo?d, as otljer cities, to toit, Csfaria, Affur, Acres, Cay- 
 phas, and Tabaria mere banquiujed and fubdued. 9no tljerefo?elapingtbeit beads together, 
 tbep ppmifeo to tljeking bp fecret meoiatours , a migbtp malfe of monep of a copne called 'Kp* 
 jfantines t anotljatfurtbertbtptooulopeerelppapagreattribute, bpon condition tljat ceafing 
 to beflegeanoinuade tljcir citp , be tooulo fpare tljeir Hues- Klljercupontbefcbufineffes toere 
 bandied from dai> to dap btttoecne tbe king and tlje citizens , and tbep folliciteo tbe King 
 fo? tbe ranfomming botlj of tljeir citp and of tbeir liues, proffering bim from time to time 
 moje greater gifts, and tlje king fojbwjwt, being carefuIUru) perplcreo fo? tlje papment 
 
 of 
 
Athelard. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 
 
 15 
 
 of tlje wages toljicb be ought bnto bis fouloierg, Ijarkento toljoip unto tljig offa- of muncp, IpoUi- 
 bett becaufe be feareD tbe C&jittiaw, lead tbcp fboulo lap it tobis charge as a fault, be Snirfl not 
 as pet mcDDle toitb the fame. 
 
 Chap. 5. 
 
 Ijl2 tljcmcaiie fpace Hugh of Tabaria being fe'nt fo? , accompam'eD tottlj the troopts of ttoo 
 buno?cD Ijojtemen ano foure bunnjeo footmen, inuaoeD tlje couutr.p of the Grofle Carle 
 calleoSuecjUerpricl) ingolo ano filuer mottabunoant in cattle frontering upon tljc a-ttutrte 
 of the Damafcenes, tobcre beetooke a pjap of tneUimable riches ano cattle, tobiclj nugljt 
 fcaue fuffifeo bint fo? thebefiege of Sagitta, tobercof Ije ment to impart liberallp to tlje kilig, 
 anD his compame, Ws p?ap being gatbereb But of ftinb?p places thereabout , ano being leo 
 atoap asfarrcas clje citie of Belinas, toljicb tljep call Caefaria Phihppi , tlje burkes tohicb 
 otoelt at Damafcus , together toith the Saracens inhabitants of tlje countric prrcciumg this, 
 flocking on all partes together bp troopes, purfuea Hughes companie to refcue the p?ap, ano 
 palTeD foojtlj as farre as tljemountatues.ouer tobtrf) Hughes footemen ctD Diiue the p?ap, 
 ■&ljerc beganne a great f ktrmiuj of both partes, tlje one fioe maoe refinance to keepe the pjav, 
 tlje other inbeuoureo toitb all their might to recouer it, bntill at length the Turkes ano Sar ac ens 
 pjeuailing ,tbep?ap toasrcfctteD ano brought backe'againe: toljicb Hugh ano b'.s troopes of 
 hojfcmen , fuooenlp bnoerflanbing , tobicb tocrc on the fioe of the mountaines , incontinentip 
 ribbackeupon tlje fpurre, among theftraigbt anocraggte rotkes, fkirmifljitig toitb tlje cue* 
 mies ,auDfuccouringtljeir footemen , but as it cljanccb thepfought unfajtunatelp . ifoj Hugh, 
 bcingbnarmeD.anoimmebiatlprufhing into the miDDcttof all Dangers, ano after his tooonteo 
 manner inuaDtng ano toounoing tlje infiocls, being bebinBe toitb an arrotoe fljot tbiougb the 
 backe tobtcb pierccb thorough his liuer ano bjeff , be gatie bp tlje gbofl in tlje Ijanors of his tone 
 people, hereupon tlje troopes of tlje Gentiles being returnee toitb the rccouereDp?ap,ano bc= 
 ing oeuioeoth?ough the ferret ano fearo paffagesof tlje craggte Ijilles , tlje fouloters brought 
 tljeoeaobooieof Hugh, tobtcb tljep Ijao put in a litter, into the citie of Nazareth, tobicb is bp 
 tlje mount Thaber, inhere toith great mourning anb lamentation, fo toojtbte a p jince , ano na= 
 liantcbampiantoasbonourablpanBCatbolikelpinterreP, ®be brother oftbefaio Hugh nameo 
 Gerrard, the fame time lap ficke of a gricuows Difeafe.dQhiclj hearing of tlje bcatlj of his brother, 
 his fickneffe of his boop tncreating moie beljementlp through griefe,he alfo Dcceaftb toitbin eight 
 oapes after,ano toas burieo bp his b?otljer,after Cbjitttan maner. 
 
 Chap. 6. 
 ftljefefo famous IP; 
 
 After the lamentable burials of tljefe fo famous princes, tlje tttng , taking occafion of the 
 beath of tljefe pjinctpailmen of his armic, agretb, making none p?iuie thereto , to rece utc 
 tlje monep tobicb toas offeree him fo? W bifferring off the fiege of tlje cttie of Sagkta,pet Oiffcim 
 Wing to make peace toitlj tlje Saracens, but tljat he ment to go tb?cugb toith the toojke, tb<it be 
 hao begunne, ££tbereuponfenDingameffagebncoIaphet,becaoutfcD the Cngltfb fouloters to 
 come Dotone to 3crcs toitb their fleece, ano to ronferre anb confult toitb him touching the bificg- 
 ing anb aflaultingoftlje citie of Sagitta, toljich rifingtmmeDiatlpbpon the kings cpirrinaunoe? 
 mcnt,anDfoojthtoithhopfingbpthcfaplesoftljeirujtppcs aloft toith pennants ano flremersof 
 purple, anb Dtuerfeotljec glorious colours, toitt) tljeirflagges of fcarlet colour anD filke , came 
 tljither, ano cafling their aucres ,robeharo bp the citie. Peking the nert oap calling nnto him 
 rucljastoerepjiuiefjacquainteD toith his Dealings, opcneoljisgriefebnto the chief eCaptatncs 
 oftljeiCnglifijmcn ano Danes, touching tljcflaughtcr of Hugh, ano tlje Death of his bptlur, 
 anb tobat great confioence he repofeD in them concerning thefe toarres : ano tljat netoe tljcn fojc 
 thep being Depacteo anbbeaD,he muttof neceffitp bifferre thebefieging of Sagitta,^ foj tljis time 
 bifmiffe tljearmie affembleo. ^Ijisrefolutionofthe king being fpjeQ among tlje people, tbear* 
 mie toas DiffolueD, ano the ffingltujmen, Danes ano Jflemings , toith failes ano oau s going a- 
 boarb their fleete, falutco the king, ano returnen home bnto their natiuc countries. 
 
 The trauailes otone^fthelardan. Englifhman, recorded 
 by mailer Bale Centur. 2. 
 
 Thelardus Bathonienfis Ccenobij monachus,naturalium rerum iny(teria,& c aufas 
 omnes,diligentiatamvndecunqueexquilitaperfcrutatusfc(t,vtcumaliquibus ve- 
 terisfeculiphilolophisnonindigneconferripofrit.Hicolunrpedtatajindo^s Ado- 
 lefcens,vt virentcadhucitatciuuenilcingeniumfcecundaref,atqueadresiriaonas 
 
 B 2 pararec 
 
 
\6 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, Will. of Tyre 
 
 pararct,reli6ta duki patria longinquas petijt regiones.Cum vero/Egyptum & Arabiam pcra- 
 grans,plura inueniffet, quae eius defiderabat animus, cum magno laborum,ac literarum lucro 
 in Angliam turn demumreuertebatur t CIaruit anno virginei partus, 1 1 3 o. Henrico primo 
 regnance. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 AThelard a Stjtonfce of tbe 3bbie of 15atbe toss fo Diligent a fearcber of tlje forces, am> can* 
 res of naturall tbings.tbatfjeDeferttetbtoojtbelp to be compareo toitbfome oftlje atmctene 
 pijilofoyljerp. %W ma» altbougb poung,pet being of a gooo toit,anD being DeCcous to increafe 
 ano enricb the fame toith tbe bett tbings,ano to prepare Ijimfelfe as it mere fo? greater matters, 
 left bis Countrep fo? a time, ann trauaileo into fo jretne Ulegtons. lj>e toent tljiougb C-gppt,am> 
 9rabia, anu founD out manp ttjtngs tobicb Ije oefireD to bis otone^jittate contentment , ann tbe 
 pjofiteof gooD letters general^ anu fo being fattffieo , retttrneb againe into fjis Countrep x be 
 flourifljeD in tlje peere 1130. Henry tlje firQ being tben fcing of England. 
 
 HieetiamG»i- 
 liclmusTyrenGs 
 daruit Tub Hen- 
 [ico primo. 
 
 Claruit Tub 
 Scephano. 
 
 yThe life and trauailes of ovteVViUtcatii of Tyre , an 
 Engliftiman. Centur. 13. 
 
 Vlielmus , Ecclefix Dominici fepulchri HierofoIymxReguIarium Canoni- 
 corumprior,nationeAnglicusvirvita&moribusc6mendabilis,AnnoDom, 
 1 1 28. poitquam Tyrorum Ciuicas fidei Chriftianx reftituta eft aGuimundo 
 Hierofolymorum patriarcha, eidem vrbi primus Archiepifcopus prxficicba- 
 tur. E(t autem Tyrus ciuitas antiquiflima, Phcenicixvniuerfe Metropolis, 
 quae inter Syrix prouincias, & bonorum omnium pene commoditate , & in- " 
 colarumfrequentiaprimum Temper obtinuit locum: poft conferipta quxdam opufcula, &E- 
 piftolas,ad Dominum migrauit, An.Chrifti 1 1 30. quum duobus tantum fedifiet annis, & in 
 Tyrenfi Ecclefia fepelitur. 
 
 The fame in Englifii. 
 
 William tbelpjioj of tlje Canons KegttTarm tbeCljutcljof3!erufalem,ealleiJtbellojD!S 
 &>epulcb?e, toas an Cnglifljman borne, anu of a toertucus ano goon bebauiour. 9ftec 
 tljat tlje Cttie of Tyre mas reflojeu againe to tlje Civilian faitlj , Guimunde tlje ipatrtarftc of 
 31erufaIcmmaoe ijimtbe firft 3rcbbiujopof Tyre, in tlje geere 1 1 28. W^ity Tyre is atoerp anci* 
 cnt Citie,the S0 ctropolis of all Phcemcia,ann Ijatb bene acoompteo tlje cljicfefl Pjouince of <§>p* 
 ria,botlj fo j fruitful commouities ann multitude of inbabitants, 'Cbis William batting in bis life 
 tojittenmanp TSookes anoCptflles, Dieoatlaftintbe peere njo.bautng bene arebbifljop tlje 
 fpace of tuio peeres, ano mas buries in tlje Cljurcb of Tyre. 
 
 The trauailes o£^obertm ^etenenfis. 
 
 ObertusKetenenfisnatione&cognomine Anglus, deguftatis primum per 
 Anglorum gymnafia humanarum artium dementis literarijs , vltramarinas 
 1 ftatim vifitare prouincias in animo conftituit : Peragratis erg6GalIijs,Italia, 
 Dalmatia,& Grxcia,tum demum peruenit in Afiam,vbi non paruo laborc,ac 
 ,vitx fuxpericulo inter Saracenos truculentiflimum hominum genus, Ara- 
 bicam linguam ad amuffim didicit. In Hiipaniam poflea nauigio tradu&us, 
 circa fluuium Hiberum Aftrologicx artis Audio , cum Hermanno quodam Dalmata , magni 
 fui icineris comite fe totum dedit, Claruit anno feruatoris noftri, 1 143 Stephanoregnante, 8c 
 Pampilonx fepelitur. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 TCpis Robert Ketenenfis toas calico an Cnglifijman bp furname, as be mas bp birtlj : tobo 
 after fome time fpent in tlje fottnoations of Ijumatiitie.anD in tlje elements of gooD Srtcs in 
 tlje Ilniuerfittes of England, oetermineo to trauaileto tbe partes bepono fea : anb Co trauaileu 
 tbjouglj France, Italie, Dalmatia, ana Greece, ann came at laff into Afia , tobcrebe Imeu in 
 great Danger of his life among tbe crucll Saracens, but pet learneo yerfectlp t\)t Arabian 
 tonpe. SlfteruiarDes be returneo bp fea into Spaine , ano tbcre about tbe riuer Iberus, gaue bint 
 fclfe toljolp to tlje Quote of Sttrologie, toitb one Hermannus a Dalmatian.ttbo bao accompanied 
 Dim in bis long uopagc. ^e flouridjeo in tlje peere 1 14 j , Steuen being tben Eing of England, 
 ai« toas burieb at Pampilona. 
 
 ■ The 
 
JViL i Man deuile. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 
 
 7 
 
 A voyage of certatne Englifh men vnder the conduct of Lewes 
 
 king of Trance vnto the Holy land. 
 
 «^.'-o«g^»Q Antseexpeditionisexplicitoapparatuvterqueprincepsiterarripuitj&excrcitu 1147. 
 sfclsF fSTTslg fepartito. ImpcratorenimConraduspraxcdebatitinere aliquot dieri]m,cum Tempme:cgis 
 y&§] p$ffi Italorum, Germanorum, aliari'unque gentium ampliffimiscopijs. Rexvcro ' er "*' 
 i(s?N t-^^ LodouicusfequebaturFtancorum, Flandrenfium, Normannorum , Brito- 
 Jj^^T^f num, Anglorum, BurgundiotJum.Prouincialiiim, Aquita riorum, equeftiifi- 
 ^5 mul & pedeftri agmine comitatus, Cjulielmta Nsbbrigenfis, fol,S7 1 • 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 B©£lj tbe princes pjottifiofbcmg mane foj fo great an erpttitct'on.tfjf p fettering tbet'r armies, 
 cntcreo on tbeir iottrnep, Jfo? tbe Cmperour Conradus toent before , certautcnaprg tottt- 
 ncp, taitljbccp great potocrof 31taliana, (Scrmans, anoptljer courttrcps, Qua king Lewes foi- 
 Joiucb after acconmanicotoritbabaiuiof bo?femat atib footmen of jFrencb men, jf lemmings, 
 $3ojmaus, Tritons, <5;ngli(b men, ^urgtmoions, men of Prouence,ata> Gafcoins, 
 
 The voyage of lohn Lacy to Ierufalem. 
 
 ^ftSgNno Domini 1 1 72 fundata fuit abbatia deStanlavvper dominum IohannemLacy 
 <||fiW» Conltabularium Ceflria: & domir.um de Halton, qui obijtinTeira fan it a anno fc- 
 ****** quenti: qui fuit viceflimus annus regni regis Henricifecundi. 
 
 y The fame in Englifh* 
 
 10 tbe perc of our JLo jo 1 1 7 2 toas frtmtscn tlje abbcp of Scania w bp tlje Io?c lohn E'acy Con* 
 (fable of Cliefter, 9 lojDof Halton, tuba Beceafcs in tbe Ipolp lano tbe pcre foHottnt'tr, : tub:c!) 
 toas in the ttocntietb pcre of king Hem y tbe feecnti. 
 
 The voyage otWilliam'Maiideriile to Ierufalem. 
 
 William Mandeuile earle of Effex, lm'tbDiucrs €ng!i!rjlcjtsanuftnigl)ts, tomttotbe 
 Holy land in tlje 24 pcreof Henry tbe fecOlUJ. Holinfhed pag.i oi . 
 
 Englifh men were the guard of the Emper ours of Qonflantinopk 
 
 in the reigne oilohn the fonne of Alexins Comnenus. Mdmesburienfis^Cu,- 
 rapolata and Camden^ag. ■> 6, 
 
 )Aminde Anglianon minus belli gloria, qimm humanitatiscultu inter FlorentilTi- 
 jmasorbiiChrifiiani genres inprimis floruit. AdeovtadcuftodiamcorpotisCoii- 
 (tantinopclitanorum Iniperatorum euocati fucrint Arigli. Ioannes enim Alcxij 
 ' Comneni filius,vtrefert noftcr Malmesburieniis, corum fidem fufpiciens praxipue 
 familiaritati fua: applicabat, amorem eorum filiotranfcribens: Adeovtiam inde longo tem- 
 pore fuerint iniperatorum illorum facellites , Inglini Bipenniferi Niceca: Choiiiata: , Barangi 
 Curopolatse difti.Qui vbiq; Imperatorem profequebantur fcrcntes humeris fecuresquas tol- 
 lebantjCUm Imperator ex oratorio fpeclandum (e eshibtbat,Anglice vitam diuturnam fecu- 
 resfuas collidentes vt fonitum ederent, comprecabantur. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 F&omthis timefojinaro tbeltingoome of England ttas rcy ttt^D mnonga jrjc moCflcurifljms 
 cttatcsofCbjiilenoome, nolclfemcbiualtietben bumanjtie. g>o faffo^tlj rtjac tbeiEngliaj 
 mcnlricrefctttfo?tobetbeguarDci;3oftrjepeifonsoftbe(£niperotirSGfCcn!tantinople. jfof 
 
 lohn tbe funncof Alexius Comnenus, asottrcottntrtpnian William of Malmcsburiercpojtt'tb, 
 
 bigblp cSecmtng tljetr fioeltty , ufeo t&emuerp ncre about ij;m, recommetisino; them cucl- to bis 
 (bnnetfotbac long time attertoaiDs tlje guatu of tbofe €nujerottrsteere€nii!tfl) bnlbrrture, 
 calleDbpNicetas Choniata, Inglini Bipenniferi, atlO bpGuropolata, Barangi, lijhici: aliuapCiS 
 
 accompanieo tbe (Emperour initfj tijeir balberos on tljeir (bouloers^bicb tljcp Ijelo tip to';en tbe 
 Ctnperour commtng from bia SDwtojie fbetoerjljiinfclfc to tbe people; mra dating tbct'rbau 
 fceros together to mahe a terrible foutiDjtljep in tb> Cngliuj tongue miiTjcti Wx Ijiai long life, 
 
 B 3 A 
 
 117?. 
 
 "77* 
 
i8 
 
 The Englifli Voyages, Nauigations, Manuel % 
 
 A great fupply of money to the Holy land by Henry the 2. 
 
 5|gg& l)t fame pecre Stng Henry the fecontj befog at Waldiam, af&peD an attie to tFje 
 $M W& ma - ttteiiance of ^ e £Ij?tCian foulctcrs in the Ipolp lance, %fot is to tot't , tiro aim 
 ■**/&. ' !|P fojtte tljoufans markeg of filtter , aim Sue IjunirjeD mattes of goloe, Matth, Parif. 
 m**s£J& antjHolenf.pag. 105, 
 
 A letter written from Manuel the Emperour of Qnftantinople, vnto 
 ffemie the fecond King of England 3 Anno Dom. 1177. wherein mention is 
 
 made that certaine of king Henries Noble men and fubiects were prefent with the fayd 
 Emperour in a battell of his again!! the Soldan of Iconium. Recorded by Roger Houedcn t 
 in zAnnalium parte pofteriore,in regno Hen.2.fol, 3 1 6 } & 3 17 . 
 
 Odcm anno Manuel Conflantinopolitanus imperator , habito prxlio cam- 
 peftri cum Soltano Iconij & illo deyiflojinhac forma fcripfic Domino re- 
 gi Anglis, 
 
 Manuel in Chrifto deo Porphyrogenitus, diumitiis coronatus, fublimis, 
 potens,excelius,femper Augu(tus,& moderator Romanorum.Comnentis, 
 Henrico nobiliflimo regi Anglic , chariflimo amico fuo , falutem & omnc 
 bonum. Cum imperhim noflrum ncccflariumreputet notificaie tibijYt dilecto amico fuo ,de 
 .omnibus qui fifci obueniunt; ideo & dc his qua: nunc accidcrunt ei,opportunum iudicauit dc- 
 clarare tua; voltintati. Igitur a principio coronationis noflra; imperium ncftrum aducrfus dei 
 Inimicos Perfas noftrum odium in corde nutriuit, dum cerneret illos in Chriftianos gloria- 
 ri,eleuariquein nomen dei, & Chriftianorum dominari regionibus, Quocirca&alio qui- 
 dem tempore indifferemer inuafit cos, & prout deus ci conceflic , fie & fecit. Et qua; ab ipfo 
 frequenter pstrata fun: ad contritionemipforum&perditionem,imperium noftrum credit nc»- 
 bihtatemtuamnonlaterc. Quoniam autem & nunc maximum exercitum contra eos ducere 
 prepofuit, & bcllum contra omnem Pcrfidem mouere, quia res cogebat.Et non vt voluit irid- 
 ium aliquem apparatum fecit, ficuteivifum eft, Veruntamen prout lempus dabat & rerum 
 flatus, op tenter; eos inuafit, Collegit ergo circa feimperium>noflrum potentias fuas : fed quia 
 carpentaducebatarmorumj&machinarum^alioruminftrumentorumconferentiumciuita- 
 turn expi!gnationibiis 3 pondera portantia: idcirco nequaquam cum feftinatione iter fiium a- 
 gerepoterat, Amplius autem dum adhuc propriam regionem pcragraret, antequam barba- 
 rornm aliquis aduerfus nos militaret in bellis aduerfarius , sgritudo difficillimafluxus ventris 
 invafitnos, qui difr^fusperagminaimperijnoftripertranfibat ,depopulando & interimendo 
 mulios,omni pugnatore grauior.Et hoc malu inualcfccns maxime nos contriuir.Ex quo veto 
 fines Turcorum inuafimus, bclla quidem primum frequentia concrepabant, & agmina Tur- 
 corum cum exercitibus imperij nottri vndique dimicabant. Sed Dei gratia ex toto a noftris 
 in fugam vertebantur barbari. Poft vero vbi ei qui illic adjacet anguftia: loci, qua; a Perfis 
 nominatur Cibrilcimam , propinquauimus , tot Perfarum turma: peditum & equitum, 
 quorum plera:que ab interioribus partibus Perfidis occurrerant in adiutorium contribu- 
 lium fuorum, exercitui nottro fuperuenerunt, quotpenenoftrorum excedcrent numerum, 
 Exerckuitaque imperij noftri propter vixomninoanguitiam&difficukatem, vfq; ad decern 
 miliaria extenfo; & cumneque quipranbant pofientpoftremosdefendere, nequeverfa vice 
 mrfus poftremi poffent praeeuntes iuuare, non mediocriter ab inuicem hos diflare accidit. Sa- 
 ne prima; cohortes permultum ab acie imperij noftri diuidebantur,poftremarum oblita: ,illas 
 non pra?fto!antes. Quoniam igiturTurcorura agmina ex iam faftis pradijs cognoueranr, non 
 conferre fi'oi a fronte nobis repugnare, loci anguftiam bonum fubuentorem cum inueniflenr, 
 pofteriora ftatucrunt inuadere agmina, quod & fecerunt, Ar£tiiIimo igiturvbiquelocoex- 
 iftcntc,iiiftabant barbari vndique, adextris&a finiftris,& aliunde dimicantes,&tela fuper 
 nosqualiimbresdefcendentiainterimebantviros&equoscomplures. Ad hxcitaque impe- 
 rium noftruvbimalum-fupeTabundabat.reputansiccumoportunu iudicabat retro expe&are, 
 atque illos qui illic erant adiuuare, expectando vtique contra infinita ilia Perfarum agmi- 
 na bcllum fuftinuic. Quanta quidem , dum ab his circundaretur,patrauerit, non opus eft 
 ad tempus fermonibus pertexere , ab illis autem qui interfuerunF, forfitan difcet de his 
 tua nobilitas . Inter ha:c autem exiftente imperio noftro, & omnc belli grauamen in tan- 
 turn fuftinente , poftrema; cohortes vniuerfa; Gncorum & Latinorum , 8c reliquorum 
 omnium generum conglobata; , qua; iaciebantur ab inimicis tela non fuftinentcs , impa- 
 Clione vtuntur,5cicaviolenter ferebantur,dunj ad adiae'entem tbicollcm quafi adpropug- 
 
 iiaculura 
 
I I ■ I ■ II !■ ■■ M I ■ ■ ■ - I 
 
 ^AdanueL Traffiques and Diicoueries. 
 
 19 
 
 nacuhim f.liiiiarenc:(cd piecedeutes impellunc nolentcs. MulcoautcmclcuacopuIuere,ac 
 percuibr.nteoculos, & neminerr.permittcnteviderequa: circa pedes erant, in prascipitium 
 q jod aderat profundillimae vallis alius fupcr alium homines & equi fie incontinenter portati 
 corruerunt,qu6d alij alios conculcantesabinuiceniinteremeruntnonexgrcgarijstantum,fed 
 cxclariflimis & intmiis noftcis confanguineis, Qujs eniminhibcrepoterattantasmuhitudinis 
 hiiportabilem impulfum? At ver6 imperium noltrum tot &tantisconfertum baibaris fauci- 
 ans,fauciatumque, adeo vt non modicamineos moucret perturbationem, obftupentespcrfe- 
 uerantiam ipfius,& non remittcbatur, bene iuuante deo,campum obtinuit. Neque locum il- 
 ium fcandereaduerfariospermifit, in quo dimicault cum barbaris. Nee quidemequum fuum 
 illorum timore incitauit,celerius aliquando ponere vefrigia, Sed congregando omnia agmina 
 lua, &demorteeripiendoea, collocauit circa fe : & ficprimosattigit, &ordinatimproficifi 
 censadexcrckusfuosaccelTit. Ex tunc igiturvidensSoltantis, quod pofttantaquacaccide- 
 rantexercitibusnoftris, imperium noftrum, ficutoportunumerar, remhuiufinodidifpen- 
 fauit, vtipfum rursum inuaderert mittens fupplicauit imperio nollro, & deprecatcrijs vfus cfi: 
 lermonibus, & requifiuit pacem illius , promittensomnemimpcrijnoftriadimpiere volunta- 
 tcm, & fcruitiumfuum contra omnemhominem dare, &omnes qui in regno fuotenebantur 
 captiuosabloluere, & efle ex toto voluntatis noftrje. Ibidem ergo per duos dies integros, in 
 omni poteftatemorati fumus, & cognito quod nihil poterat fieri contra ciuitatem Iconij, per- 
 ditis tcftudinibus & machinis bellicis , eo quod bouescecidiflent a telis in modopluuii iaftis, 
 qui eas trahebant : Simul autem co quod & vniueifa animalia noftra irruente in ilia difficilli- 
 ma aegritudine laborabant , fufecpit Soltani depraecationem & fcedera & iuramenta peracla 
 fub vcxillis noftris, & pacem.fuam eidedit, Inde ingrefiiim imperium noftrum in regionem 
 fjam regicditur,tnbulationem habens non mediocrem fuperhis quos perdidit confanguineis, 
 maximas tamen Deo gratias agens,qui per fuam bonitatem & nunc ipfum honorauit: Gratum 
 autem habuimus,quod quofdam nobilitatis tuse principesaccidit intcreffe nobifcum.qui nar- 
 nbut deomnibusqusacciderantjtuxvoluntatiferieiTi.CEEterumautemjlicetcontriftatifimus 
 propter illos qui cecidcrunt : oportunum tamen duximas, de omnibus qua; acciderant, decla- 
 rareribi, vtdileclo amico noftro, &vtpermultumconiuncl:o imperio noflro, perpueroruni 
 noftrorumintimamconfanguinitatem. Vale. DatamenfeNouembriSjindidionetertia. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 I$thepcerc 1 177, Manuel the empcrour of Conftantinople tjaufngfougbt afielo tuttrj the 
 !§>otoan of Iconium,anc banquifljeo himjtojotcunto Henry thefeconb King of England m ma* 
 tier follotoing, 
 
 Manuel Comnenus in Chrift the euerltuing (Soli a faithful empcrcurjOcfcrnoco ofclje linage 
 of Porphy ric,ccotoneb bp <J5oDp grace, high, puiflant, mightp, altoapes molt fottrret'gne, ai?o go« 
 tiernotiroftheRomans; unto Henry the mottfamottSRingofEngland, his mottoeare fririnr, 
 greeting ano all 3000 fucceffe, <E3hereas our imperial! highnefie c$m1tc£b tt ejepenrent to atmcc* 
 tife pott our toclbcloueo frieno of all our affaires : 2Ue thought it not amifle to figniSc Unto pout 
 rcpall SpatcSte tcrtaine crploits at this pjefent atchicueobpbs, jf rom the beginning therefore 
 of our inauguration our imperial! ht'ghnes hath mainteinco moff ocaolp fcoo ano hottilttp agaittiJ 
 Q5oD2t enemies the Perfians, feeing tljcm fo to triumph oucr Chn'ttt'ans, to eralt tbefclues againt! 
 the name of ©oo, aim to bfurpc ouer £bjifiian fcingoomes. jfoj tohich caufe our imperial! high* 
 tictfe hath in fome fojt cncottntcrco them heretofore , ano oio as it pleafco ©00 to giue bs grace, 
 3no toe fuppofe that pour S^ateflie 10 not ignorant, tobat our impertal! highnelte hath often per* 
 fojmeofo? their ruine ano fubtterfion, jfc? earn note, being tytjeo thereunto, lochaueDeteiint'- 
 neocoleaoeamightpannpagainftthcm, anototoagewarrc againffallPerfia, 3no albcitouc 
 forces be not fo great as toe coulo toifl; tljcp toere,pct haue toe accojc ing to the time,ano the p je^ 
 fentflate of things, ffronglpinuaoeo them, <Kihcrcfo?e ourspaiettie imperial! hath gathtrco 
 our armies together : but becattfe toe hao in our armp funojp carts laocn toith armour, engines, 
 5 other tnflrutnents fo? the affault of cities , to an crceeoingjueight toe coulD not make anp great 
 fpecoinouriournep. ^o?eouer, tohilcour imperial! IjighnetTe toas pet marching in our o'tone 
 bominions, before anp barbarous enemp hao fought againft bs : our people toercbilsteo toith t(;e 
 mot! gricuousoifeafe of theflure , toljich being otfpetfeo in our troups oeHropco ano fleto great 
 numbers , mo je then the ftoojo of the enemp tooulo haue oone, JvKbtclj mifchiefe fo pjeuailing, 
 bio tooonnerfullp abate our fojees. T5ut after toe hao inuaoeo the 'Etirrtiuj frontiers, toe hao at 
 the firfi berpoftcnanD hot fhirmifljes, ano the ^Enrfes came fwarming to fight again!! our impe» 
 rial! troups. Cporobeit bp (Sobs affifiancc thofemifcreants tocre altogether fcattereo ano pttt to 
 flight Up our fouloiers, 33uc astoeappjocIjcDbntotl;attlraisljt patfage toljich iscalleobpthc 
 
 Perfians 
 
20 The Englilh Voyages, Nauigations., K^%ic.the 1. 
 
 Ptrlians Cibtilciniara, fGmanpbanbzofPerfian tooteincn ann Jjojfemen (mofitoljcreofciime 
 
 fran:t!)Cinnermottpart0ofPerria 1 tDfuccottrtl)cirantciB)encountreDourarnii>,astBci:caImo(i 
 
 fitperfout unto 130 tit number. <!Itrjercfo?e tbe armp cf our 3!mperiall rjigljnelTcbp reafon oftlje 
 
 GraigljenciTefino cirflculcteof tlje toap,being trretcrjca ten miles in length ; ana the firU not Letng 
 
 aMetobdpctljelnll, no?p£tcontrarptoifethelaGtotefcuetIjefirtt\ it cametopaRcihat ttjcp 
 
 toere terpfarreaiftantafunoer . 2mainberppeeotbefo?emoa troupes toeremuch feparateti 
 
 from the guara of our imperial* pcrfon, tolja fo?getting tijeir fcllotoes beljina, tooulo not ffap as 
 
 tip toljit fc? tljem,. "Becaufe tbcrcfoje the •Eurkiuj bancs kneto full tocll bp iljeir former conflicts 
 
 tljat it toas boctlelfc fo? tbcm to aumle tlje forefront of our battel! , ano perceiuing tlje naroto* 
 
 neffe of t'jeplace to bca great aouantage, tljcpacterminea to fetbpon our rctetoara., aim bio fo, 
 
 (E2ijercfo?c our patTage being berpflratgrjt, aw> the infioelsalTapIing bs bpon the right rjaira 
 
 ana bpon t!jc left.ana on all Goes, ano cifcljarging their toeapons as tbitke as baileltoncs againff 
 
 bs,lleto outers of our men anb ljo?fes* flperc upon,tlje (laughter of our people ttill entreating one 
 
 maicfiie imperial! oceinea it requtfitcto Gap beljina , anb to fuccottr our bancs in tbe rcrctoaro, 
 
 anb foerpectiugtbem toe futtainebtljc fierce encounter of manptbouf anb Perfians . jtfahar tp 
 
 ploits our anjpcriall pcrfon atcljieuea in the fame fkirmiflj, 3 rjolb it neeblefle at this time to re* 
 
 count : pour maieilie map pcrbapsbnacrtfana mo?e of this matter bp tljem toljiclj toere there 
 
 p?efcnt,8;>otobe£t out Jmpcriall bigbneffe being in the miaoctt of tins conflict, ano enburing tbe 
 
 fight toitlj fo great oanger^Uout Ijiiwermolr troups.botb Greekes, Lacines, anb otfcer nations, 
 
 rettringthemfclucs cloretogetbcr,a«o not being able tofuffertbebioience of their encmicstoea* 
 
 pons, p jeffco on fo bate, anb toere carica toitlj fuel) nwine fo jce^tljat battening to afceno tb e nejrc 
 
 bill fo? their better fafegaro, thep b?geo on tbcm toljicb toent before, tobetljcr thep tooulo 0? no, 
 
 sabercupon,mttcb cult being raifeD,tohtcb Goppeo our epes anb btterlp oep?iuco bs of figbt,anu 
 
 our mS anb bc?fcs p?eiftng fo fo?e onebpon tbe mcU of another, plungeo tljemftlueson the fuo* 
 
 benintofucljaflecpeanocangerouSballep.tljattreaDiugonebponanotljerjtijfpquellcBtobeatlj 
 
 not onelp amultitube of the common foulotours, but biuers mott honourable petfonagts, $ fome 
 
 of our ncere ktnfmcn „ jfoj toljo coulo rearaluc the irrefifiable tb?ong of fo Ijttge a inultittibe ": 
 
 ^atobett our amperiall btghnefie being enuironeb toitlj fuclj ftoarmes of ijnfioels, anb gitting 
 
 anb recciuing toottnas (infomuclj tljat tlje mifcreants toere gteatlp bifmaieb at our conff ancic) 
 
 toe gatte not ouer,butbpo3ob3amllancetoojme tlje Sclb. ^either oia toe peimit the encniie to 
 
 afcenbbnto that ptace,from tohetice toe fkirmifljeb toitlj tjim ♦ ^citljtr pet fpurreb toee en ouc, 
 
 Ijajfe anp fader f 1? alltljeir affaults, 'But marujalling all our troupes together, anb bcltuerin^' 
 
 tbcm out of banger, toe oifnofeo tljem about our 3Imperial perfon ; anb fo toe ouettcokc tlje fo?c* 
 
 mo(i,a!ib marcljcb in goob ojber toitlj our teljole armp . jT5otoe tlje Soldan perceiuing tljat not* 
 
 toitbfianbing tlje great bamages toljiclj toz Ijaa fuHainea,our imperial Ijigljnes pjouibcb to giue 
 
 Ijim a freH) encounter, ljumblp fubmitting bimfelfc bnto bs, anb bfing ftibmiffe fpcac&cs , mace 
 
 fm'te to banc peace at our Ijanbs, anb pjomifeb to fulfill tlje pleafure of our maieff :e 3ln'pcrtall, to 
 
 boe bs feruice againil all commers,to relcafe all our fubiects toljicij toere captiues in Ijts reairae, 
 
 anc to refi tobolp at our commaunc, H?ere tljerefoj e toe remainec ttoo capes to itlj great autbo jt=> 
 
 S^minttna tie ' an ' :icon ^ t,crw K t ?' at5 3Eecoula attempt nougljtagainU tlje citie ofkonium, ijauinglottall 
 
 tea to time our toarrcltke engines botlj fo? befence ana fo? batceric,fo? tljat tljcorcn torjicljajeto tljem toere 
 
 taw bEQcgcb. fl fl ( ne u^ t jj e enemies toeapons, falling as trjttfcc as IjailcOones : ana alio fo? becaufe all ouc 
 
 bcaffs in a maner toere moS grieuoufip aifcafea ; our maieilie imperial acceptea of tlje Soldans 
 
 petition,league,anaoatlj being mabe alio taken bnaer our enfigues, anagrancec our peace bnto 
 
 Ijim. Cljen rcturncotoeintoour otoneaomtnions,beinggreatlp grieuea to? tljcloffe of our ccere: 
 
 kuifmen,anapceiaingbnto@oomoaijumbletIjanks, toljo of ijts gooonelfeljao eucn noto giuen 
 
 bie'inmnfrte ^st^eutctojp . fOearcrtgljt glaoliketoife tljat fomeofpourmatettiesp?inccs ano nobles ac* 
 
 ftmg"of England companiebbs intIjisaction,toljo areable to repo?tbnto poti all tljings toljicij Ijaue Ijappenec.ana 
 
 einpfro]'in 1 " : iVitit ^ lu * e weeoinglp grieuea fo? tbe loffe of our people ; pet trjougljt it toe crpcoicnt to fig* 
 
 Ms batten a* nific bnto pott tlje fucceffe of our affaires^as bnto our toelbelouec frie no,$one toljo is bcrp nccrlp 
 
 dToi konlum flIl!et ' bn£0 oucljiglineKe Slmpertal, bp rcafon of tlje confanguinitie of our cbtlaj en. f aretoclf,' 
 
 ' CJ5iuen intljemonettj of jT2oueniber,anabpontrjetentlj3!nat'ctio!t, 
 
 yThewoorthy voiageof(^jcWithefirft, K. of E?igland mto Jftn, 
 for the recouerie oikrufakm out of the hands of the Saracens,ciiawcn out of 
 the booke oiAVis and Monuments ^ of the Church ofEnglandjWrittcn by M. tobn Foxe. 
 
 t^SaingRichardtljeficlI'oftljatnamcfo? l)is great bamre furnnmea Ceurde Lion, tlje 
 &^[ fonne of Henry tbcfecono,after tljeaeatlj oftjis father remcmb?ing tljerebelltons tljat 
 4I?^3h fc &aa bncut tftillp raifeo againil ^im,tbttjrfjt fo? abfolttticn cf jjis trefpaRr, ana in part 
 
K^Rjc.thei. TraffiquesandDiicoueries. 21 
 
 of CattCtactioii fsjtbc Came, agreeo toitb Philip the jfrench king to take his bomgc xuitfj him fo? 
 the recouevie of Clj itttes patrimonie,tohich tbcp callcu the Holy land : tohcreupon the fapo king 
 Richard immeoiatclp aftetrtjisCojonattott.topjepare Ijttnfclfc the better totoaros his iournep, 
 bfeo otuers meancs to take top fummes of monep, ano ocacten a tentlj of ttje toljolc IRcalmc, tlje 
 ChjiiTtans to make th?eefco?e ano ten tljoufano pernios, ano tlje 3ietocs tohich then etoclt in the 
 ftealme tljjecfro ?c tljoufano. 
 
 ipautng thus gotten f urTicient monep fo? the erploitc, he Cent ct mint Carles ano 15arons to 
 Philip ttje f rencb king in tlje time of his parliament at S. Denis, to put him in mmo of tits p?o= 
 mtfemaoe fo? tlje recouerie of Cljjiffs Ijolp patrtmonieoutof tlje Saracens hanos : tzto tubom 
 be Cent loop againe in i he monetlj of £>ecember,that he Ijao botino Ijimfclfc bp folcmnc othe, oc- 
 pofmgtopon tlje CuangclittB,tlj3t Ije the peerc nert fbllotoing, about the time of Caller, IjaD cer^ 
 catnip p?efircD 1 aDDjiefle Ijtmfelfe totuaro that iournep , requiring him lifcetoife not to faiie, but 
 tobeereaopatthecermeabouclimitco , appointing alfotlje place toljerebotlj tlje Kings fftoulo 
 meete together. 
 
 31nthe pcere thetfo?e 1 t poking Richard hauing rotnmitteo the gottemment oftljis rcalmc 
 inhtsabfcncctotijebilhopofCIpthenChanceUo?ofCnglano, aouanccofo?toaro his iournep, 
 ano cametoTuronto meet iintljPhiliptljc jfrencljkmg, 9 after tljattocnt to Vizehac, tohere 
 tlje jfrench king? he iopning together, fo? tbemo?e continuance of their tottrncp, affureo tljcm-- 
 felues bp folenme otlje,fu)caring fioelttie one to tbe other j the fojme of iuljofe otlj teas tljis. 
 
 That either of 'them fljould defend andmaintaine the honour oj "the other, and beare true fidelitie fThemhoffi. 
 vnto htm, oj life ^members & worldly honor, and that neither of them pjouldfaile one the other King Richa'd' 
 in their affaires : but the French King Jbou/d aide the King of England in defending his land and 'he French 
 and dominions t as he mould himfelfe defend his orrne Cttte of Parts if it mere befieged : and that 
 Richard king of England Hkewifefhouldatde the French kmgin defending hu land and Do- 
 minionsjtootherwifethenhewoulddefendbis owne Citie of%oan ifitwere befieged&c, 
 
 Conceroingtbeiatoes ano o?oinances appointeD bp K.Richard fo? his ji3autc,thc fojmc tfoer* 
 of mas this. 
 
 1 . Cljat toho fo ktllcb anp pcrfen on fljtpboo?o,0)OulD be tteo tot'th. him that toas Game, ano EKJiSf!? 
 thjotocn mtotljc \ea, tjc king. 
 
 2. 3no if he killeo Ijim on tlje lano, he fljoulo in like maner be tieo toith tlje partie flaine, ano 
 be burico toitbhtm in tlje earth, 
 
 3 . Cpc tljat fljalbc comticteo bp latofttll tottnes to o?ato out bis knife 0? toeapon to tlje intent 
 tofinkeanpman,o^tIjatljatljCrikcnanptotljeo?atoingofblooD,(hallIoofeljiBljano, 
 
 4. Sllfo Ije tljat (Inketlj anp perfon toith his Ijano totthout effttfion of blooo,fijall be pltmgco 
 tljjee times in tlje fea. 
 
 5. 3tem, tobofofpeaketb anp opp?ob?iottso? contumelious toojoes in reuiling 0? curling 
 oneanother,fo? fo oftentimes asheljath rcuileclhall papfo manp ounces of filuer. 
 
 <5, 3Item,a tfjiefe 0? felon that hath ffollcn being latofullp couicteo, fljal Ijaue bis Ijrao Cjome, 
 ano bopling pitelj poto jeo upon bis heao,ano feathers oj oonine ftratoeo upon the fame, tohcrcbp 
 Ije map be knotnen.anofo atthefirll lansing place tljep Iball come to,tljcre to be cad bp, 
 
 Cbefe things tljuso?oereo,king Richard fenoingijis H2auic bptbc Sipaniftj feas, anobp tlje 
 flreigljts of Gibraltar, bcttoecne Spaine ano Africa 5 to meete him at Marfilia, Ijce Ijimfelfc toenc 
 as is faio to Vizeliac to the Jfrench king, GUhich t tno kings from thence tocnt to Lions, tohere 
 the bjioge ouer tlje flooo Rhodanus U)itljp?ealle of people b?ake,ano manp botlj men anD toomeu 
 toere o?otoneo : bp occaCon tnhereof tlje ttoo kings fo? tlje comtyance of tljcir'traincs, tocre con« 
 Craineo to oiiTeuer tljemfelues fo? time of their iournep, appointing both to meet together in Si- 
 
 cilyrannfo Philip the JFrencIj king tOOke his DJaptoGenua,anD king Richard to Maifilia.ttljcrc 
 fceremaineo 8,oapcs,appointingtherehisj15auietomeetel)im , jfrom thence crofting ouer to 
 Genua toljere the jfrcnclj king UiaSjljepaffeD fojttiarD bp the coalls of 3]talp,ano cntrco into Ti- 
 bernot farre fromEome. 
 
 King Richard (taping in Marfilia 8,6apesfo?ljts jJ5auieH)ljicljcainenot, he there (jirco 20, 
 <Sallies,anotcn great barkes to (hip ouer his men, anofo came to Naples.ano fopartlpbp Ijojfc 
 ano toagon,ano partlp bp the fea,paffing to Falernum,came to Calabria, tohere after that he Ijao 
 Ijearo tljat Ijis flbips toere arritieb at Meflana in Sicilie,he maoe tlje moje fpecB.ano fo tlje 2 3 , of 
 September entrco Meflana toitl? fuclj a nopte of trumpets ano ^rtjalmes.toith fucb a rout ano 
 fljeto,that it toas to tlje great toonoerment ano tcrro? bothof the f rencljmen,ano of all otljer tlj.;t 
 nio heart ano ticijolD tlje Gght. 
 
22 The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations, K^ ^k.tbe i. 
 
 Co t^e fatn towne of Meilana tbejFrencb king Was come bcfojc tlje 1 6,ot tlje fame moiutij of. 
 g>eptember,and ban takcnup the pallace of Tancredusktng of Sicily foj bis lodging : to toljom 
 king Richard after bis arriuall efttdoncs r cfojted, and When tlje two bins? bad communed toge= 
 tljer,tmmediatclptbe jFcenctj kingtooke dipping and cntred tlje Teas, thinking to faile towatog 
 the land of 3Ietufalem:l)ttt after be was out of tljebauen, tlje Winde rifing concrarp againC him, 
 returned htm bacfce againe to Meflana.'&ljen king Richard (toljofc lodging teas prepared in tlje 
 fuburbs Witljout tbe Citie) after be bad refo jted againe and talked Witi) tbe Jf rcnclj kmg.and al« 
 fo bad fent to Tancredus king of Skily,fo? dcliuerance of Ioane bis fitter (Wljo bad bin fomtimes 
 Queene of Sicily)and bad obtained ber to be fent unto bim.tbe laft dap of September pafled ouer 
 tbe {freight del Fare,and tbere getting a flrong bold called de la Baguare,o j lc Bamare, and tbere 
 placing bis fitter Witb a fufficient garrifon,be returned againe to Meffana. 
 
 Cbe 2. of ©ctoberktng Richard wan another tfrong bold, calico MonafteriumGrifFonum, 
 fituatcd in p midttof tljeBrcigbt del Fare.betWeene Meffana $ Calabria, from Wljfncr p Sgonk? 
 being erpulfed,be repofed tbere aUhtsfioje and pjouifion of Uictualg, Wbicb c^me from England 
 o? other places* 
 
 CbeCittjenB of Meffana feeing that tljeking of England bad Wonne tbe cade and Jfland dc 
 laBaguare, anoalfotbe9l9ona8erieoftbe@riffons, and doubting lead tlje king would ertend 
 bis po trier fttrtljecto inuaoe tbeir Citie,? get if be could tbe tofjole 3]flc of Sicilie, began to fitrre 
 againfl the Kings armie, and to (but tbe Cngltujmen out of tlje gates, and kept tbeir Walles a« 
 Bainff tljem, CbeCngliujmsnfeeingtljat, made to tbe gates, and up fojee Would baue broken 
 tljemopen, infomucbtbat tbe King riding amongtt tljem Witb ljis ffaffeiind breaking diuers of 
 tbcirbeads.could not alTmage tbeir fierccnefie.fucbujas tbe rage of tlje Cngliitmcnagapnfl tlje 
 citizens of Meffana . ^Crje JKiRtj Cecinpi tlje furt'eiif Ijis people to befttcb thatljee could not flap 
 tljcm.tookc boatc,and went to ttje pallace of king Tancred.to talke of tbe matter Witb tlje Jfrencb 
 king,in wljtcb meane time tlje matter teas fo taken up up tlje Wife banding of tlje ancients of tbe 
 titie,tljat botlj parts lapingdoWne tljeir armourjWent home mpeace, 
 
 Clje fourth dap of tbe fapd monetlj of ©ctober, came to king Richard tlje 9rrtjbiujop of Mef- 
 fana Witbttoootber&tcljbitbopsa.wWitbtbejT^^ TBarons, 
 and B 3iujops,to intreat of peace,wbo as tbe? lucre together conrulting,and l;ao almofl concludeo 
 upon tlje peace,tlje Citizens of Meflana ifiutng out of tlje towne, fome Went top upon tlje motm« 
 tams,fome With open fojee inuaded tbe manfion o j lodging of Hugh Brune an Cngliuj captatne* 
 Cbenopfe wbereofcomming to tbe cares of the King, Ijccfudderlp breaking offtalke Witb tbe 
 jFrencbking and the refi,oeparted from tbem^nd commtng to Ijts men.commanoeo tljem fojtlp 
 BJttlj to arme tljemfdues, 221botljen With certaine of Ijib fouldiours making up to tbe top of tbe 
 mountain? (Wljicb feemeo to paffe tbeir power to climbe) tbere put tbr Citijens to flight, ebafinpj 
 tljem doWne tlje mountaincs,unto tlje derp gates of tbe citie.wbom alfo certaine of tlje kings fer* 
 uants purfuco into tlje citie,of toljom fiue naliant fouldiers ? twemie of tbe kings feruants Were 
 flainc,tljejFrencb King looktngupon^anonot once millingtorcfcuetbem, ccntrarpto bis otbe, 
 and league before madeWitlj tljekmg of England : fo? tbe Jfrcnclj king Witb bis men being tbere 
 pjefent.rode in tbe midfi of tbem fafelp, and without anp Ijarmc too and fro,and migbt'ttell Ijaue 
 cafedtbeKingBpartic,mo?etbenbe, if it Ijaofo liked bim. 
 
 Cbis being knolocn to tlje CEnglilh Ijofle bom tljeir fellotues lucre fiat'ne, aim tlje jFrencbmen 
 permitted in tbe cttt'e, and tljat tljep mere ercluded and tbe gates barred againS tbem, being alfo 
 Copped from buping of uictuall,? other things, tbev dpon great indipation gathered tbemfelues 
 «&etran« toon en armes,b?all open tlje gates,and fcaled tlje to.nls,and fo winning tlje citie,fct up tljeir flags with 
 bptrjt cnaiiil) tbcifinglifi) amies upontbe toals : tobicbujbrn tlje jfrcncljEing did fee, beluasiutgbtilpotTen« 
 dcd,re quiring tbe King of Cnglann that tlje 9rmes of Jf ranee might alfo be fet up,t lopneo mitb 
 Ijts : but King Richard to that mould in no cafe agree , notlnttbttanding to fatiffiebis mtnoe , be 
 mas contented to take nowne bis Slrmes, and to commit tlje cufiodie of tlje citie to tbe ipofpita* 
 larics and Ccmplaries of lerufalcm,till tlje time tbat Tancred king of Sicily andlje fljould agree 
 together upon conditions* 
 
 djefe tljings being done tlje 6ft and firt dap of ©ctobfr.it followed tbenupon tbe eigljt dapof 
 tljefame.tbat peaceWas concluded amongtbe kings, anwbicljpeace.firll king Richards Philip 
 tlje jFrcncb king renewed againe tbeir otb and league before made,concerning tljeir mutual aide 
 and foctetif , during tbe time of that peregrination, 
 
 g>econdlp, peace alfo Was concluded betweene king Richard andTancrcd king of Sicily &■■ 
 fo jefatoc, With conditions, tbat tbe daugbter of Tancrede m cafe king Richard fljoulo di>: Wttb' 
 out iltuc, Qiould be married to Arthur Duke of U?itaine the kings tftcpbew ancnerr beirc to 
 bis crowne, wfcereof a fojmall cljarte toas d?aWen , and letters fent tbereof to Ipope Clement 
 
 being 
 
 /' 
 
K.'R/cv&.l Traffiques and Difcoueries. 23 
 
 bein goatee thje ninth, of jaouember, 
 
 jfrom this time tonttll jf ebjuarie tbc ncrt peere, tljefe ttoo kings kept dill at Meflana , either 
 fojlackeofUJtnoeanDtoeatfj^o^fB^ereijattinffof tljeirfljtppes. 3no in tljc afojefapoe Jfc= 
 b?uarie,in tbe peere i 19 u King Richard Cent otter his gallieg to Naples,there to mcetc bis mo= 
 thet Elinore,atlD Berengaria tlje Daughter of Zariclius king of Nauarrc , tobom Ijc toas purpo* 
 fco tomarcp, toljo bp that time mere come to Brundufium, imoer the toiiDttct of Philip Carle of 
 jFlanoers, ano fo pjocceoing tntto Naples, tljep founo the kings fbippes toljercin tl;ep fapleo to 
 Meflana. iipilu - 
 
 3)u thismeanefpace, king Richard fhetocD Ijimfelfe rrcccoirtg bounteous ano liberal! to all 
 men : to the Jrrenchkmgfitft hegauc Ditiens fljippcs, bpon otfjere liketoife he bcttotoco riclje 
 rctijaroes, anu of bis treafurcano gooes he ecttributcDlargelptobis fouloiers atio fcrtiauts a 
 bout him, of toljom it toas rrpo?tco, that be oittributeo mo'je tn one monctb, then anp of bis pje* 
 Deceflbjs nib in a tobolc peere t bp rcafon tobereof tje pucchafco great lotte aim fauour,tohicb not 
 onelp reoounDeo to tbe aouancement of his fattte,but alio to bis lingular bfe ano p?ofite, as tlje fe= 
 qudeaftcrrjoarti piooueo. 
 
 Cbefirttoapof Sparthfaltotoing.hcIefttljecitteofMeiTana.toheretbe French Kingtoas, 
 ano toent to Cachaeia , a citie tobere Tancredus Ring of Sicily then lap, inhere he tons ljo:to;a* 
 blprrcetuee, ano there remainen toitlj king Tancredus th?ee Oapcs ano tb^cc nights* €>n the 
 fourth bap tuhen tje QjouIa.bepart,the afojefaio Tancredus offreo him manp rich pjefents in go'.D 
 ami Bluer , anrj pjecious filkes, totjercof king Richard tooulo receiue nothiug , hut one little ring 
 foi atokctt of his gooo mill : fo? the tobiclj king Richard gaue againe onto htm a rtclje ftoo?oe.3t 
 length njhenktngRichard ffjoulo take tjisleaue, king Tancred tnoulb not let l;im fo Depart , but 
 nceoes tooulo giue htm 4, great Grippes, ano 1 5. gallics, ano furthermore bee himfelfc tooulo 
 nccoes accompanie him the fpare of t mo bapes iournep,to a place calico Tauernium, 
 
 Chen tlje nert morning tobenthepfhoulo taketljeirleaue, Tancredus ecclareobnto bim the 
 meffage , toljicb tbe jFrenclj King a little before ban fent unto btm bp tlje Duke of Burgundie, 
 the contents toljereof toere tljefe: Chat tlje King of England toas a falfe Crap tour, $ tooulo 
 neucr kcepc tlje peace that tuns bettoeene tljcm ; ano if tbe fapo Tancredus tnoulb toarrcagaintt 
 jjim.o? fc eretlp bp nigbt tooulo inttaoe ljim,h« toitlj all tjtsporucr tooulo affitt him, to tbe oettruc- 
 tlon of btm ano all bis armie. Co tobom RichardtbrKfagpjotettee againe, tbat i)e teas no trap* 
 tour.no? neuer Ijao bene tano as touching tbe peace begunbettoirt thcm,the fame fljouie neucr he 
 broken though btm : neither coulb be beleeue tbat tbc .ff tench King being bis goob Iothj, ano bis 
 f wo me Compartncr in tbat bopage, tooulo btter anp fucb toojoes bp lynx, iffitbicb tuhen Tan- 
 credus bearo,bebringctb foo?tlj tbelettecs of tbe jjrencb King , fent to bim bp the Duke of Bur- 
 gundie, affirming mojeouectbat if tbe Duke of Burgundie tnouto benie tlje bunging of the fatb 
 letters, be teas reatne to trie it toitljbim bp anp of biB Dukes. King Richard recetuing tbc let= 
 ters, ano mttfing not a little bpon tbe fame , returnetlj againe to Meflana . Cut fame dap tijat 
 King Richard oeparteo.tbe JFrenclj king came to Tauernium to fpeakefcritb Tancred.ano tljere 
 abobctoitij Ijimthat nigbt, ano on tbe mojotoe returnee to Meflana againe* 
 
 ifrom tbat time King Richard mooueb in Gomacke againft KingJ?hilip , neucr ujetoeo anp 
 gentle countenauce of peace $ amitie,as Ije before tnas tooont : tubereat the jfrcneb king greatlp 
 marueiling, ano enquiring earneirlp toljiit fljoulb be tbe cattfe tljercof, n)o?o toas fent him againe 
 hi} Philip earle of Flanders from king Richard, tobat toOJDS be IjaO fent to the king of Sicily, atiO 
 fo? tettimonp tljereof tbe letters tnereujetueo, tubiebbetojotebptbeoukeof Burgundietotbe 
 king of Sicily : toljiclj toben tbe French king bnoerHooo , firft be belo bis peace as guiltp in bis 
 conference, not knotuing tucll toljat to anftoere. 3 1 length turning bis tale to another ma t cer,be 
 began to qttarrell tuitb king Richard, p?etenoing as tljougb be fought caufes to b?cake tnitb bim, 
 anotomalignebim:anOtberfojebefo?geo (fapo be) thefe lies bpon bim, anoallbecaufeljehp 
 tbatmeanestuouloauoio to marrp tnitb Alifc bis GlTcr, accojotngasbe haop?omtfeo, aooing 
 mojeouer tbat if be tooulo fooo,anD tooulo not marrp tlje faio Alife bis fitter accojoing to Ijis otb, 
 lie uioulo be an enemp to Ijim.ano to hts,tohii e be Iiueo* 
 
 Co tbts kinj Richard fapo againe, tbat Ije coulo bp no meantg marrp tljat tooman, fojfomucb 
 as bis fatberbaocarnall copulation toitbljec. anoalfoljaobpberafonne : fo?p?oofctrjbereofhe 
 bao tljerepjefentlp to bjing fo?tlj oiuers $ funo^p mitneues to tlje kings face,to tiflifie tuitb fcim. 
 
 31n conclufion, tbjouglj counfell ano perftDaGon of oiuers about tlje jTrcnclj king, agreement 
 atiatt toas maoe , fo tljat king Philip did acqutte king Richard from tljis bono of marrpiug bis 
 fitter , ano king Richard againe fijoulo be bouno to pap to Ijim cuerp peere foj tbc fpare of tiue 
 peeres.ttrjotljoufanomarkes, tnitb certaineotberconoitionshefices, not greatlp material! foj 
 tljis place. Snb thus peace being bettoeenetbemconcluoeotlje a 8 cap of tbc favomoncth of 
 
 Search, 
 
14. The EngMi Voyages,Nauigations, K*J&ch.i. 
 
 Search , tlje JFrench king lancbing out of tlje bauen of Mefiana., t$t a z cap after in the Catttt 
 toeeke, cametoicb Ijtjs atmte to the fiege of Achon. * :, . 
 
 after the Departure of the Jf renclj king from Mcffana , king Richard toitlj his armiepet re« 
 maining hehinoe , arriueoiQueene Minor the kings mother, hanging toith bet Bercngariatbe 
 king of Nauars Daughter, to beefpoufeD to king Richard : tobtch being Done, kmg Richard in 
 apjilfollotoing, about the ao Dap of the Capo monetb, oepatteBfrom tlje bauen of Mcffana toith 
 sue j»«nifBf 150 great flnps, ano 5 j great gallics tocllmanncD ami appoiutcD,tmD tooke his iourneptotoaro 
 fimgRidurd. A C hon : tobo being »pon the Reason ©ooDfrioap about the ninth Ijoure , role a mightp&cutl) 
 to inoe toith a tempeft, toljich DiffcuereD ano fcattereD all his jftnutc, fometo one place, ano fame 
 to another, ©heMngtoitljafeioJlhtpsijaBDjiuentotheSllepfCrctajanDthercbefojethehaucn 
 of Rhodes call anker, Hlje ftjips that carieo the kings fifler,qucene of Sicily 9 ano Beiengatia the 
 king of Nauars Daughter,toittjtttio thipstoeteo?iucn to the 31 le of Cyprus, . 
 
 Iftje king making great mone fo? the (hips of his fiflei: , ano Bcrcngaria his totfe that fljmrto 
 be,not knotting inhere thep lucre become, afte r the tcmpe8toasonetblotoen, fent fo?th his gal> 
 lies Diligcmlp to feekethe re ftof his H2auie DifpcrfeD, but elpeciallp tyeftjippe tobercinbislurer 
 teas, ano the maioen toljom he ftjoulD marrp.tobo at length mere founo fafe anDtnerrp at the pojt 
 of Lymfzem in the 3le of Cyprus,iioctoitb{fanDing tlje t too other fijips,tobich toere in tljetr com-^ 
 panp before tn the fame haunt, toere ojotoneo toith Diuers of the kings feruantg ano men of too?* 
 fijip, among toljom toas £0. Roger, calico Malus Catulus, tljektngs aitcechantellour, wljo toas 
 founo toith tlje kings feale banging about bisnecke, 
 
 Sthe king of Cyprus toas then lfakius (calico alfo the Cmperour ofthc Gryffons) toho tooke 
 ano imp jif cucd all Cngiiftj men, tobicb bp lbtpto?acke toere caftuponljis lano, alfo inttegleo ire 
 to his hanos the gooos ano p jtfes of them toljiclj toere founo moumcD about bis coades, neither 
 tooulo fttffer tlje fibips toljerein the ttoo laoies toere to enter toitljin the po?t. 
 
 €be tiDings of this being brought to king Richard , b.ctu great to?ath gatberinghis gallic* 
 am> (hips together, boojoetb the lanD of Cyprus, toljere be firft in gentle totfe Ggnifictb to king I- 
 fakius, hoto he toith W Cnglihj men, comming as ft range rs to tlje fuppo? t at ion of tlje Ijolp lano, 
 toere bp otttrefle of toeatber on'uen upon bis bounce, ano therefore toitlj all humble petition be* 
 fought him in (Sods behalfe,ano fo? rcuercncc of the rjolp erode, to let go fucb p?ifonr rs of his ait 
 he bao in captiuitie,anD to refto?e agatne the geoos of them tljat toere o jotonco .toljiclj he Deteineo 
 in bis bancs , to be employee fo^bebeboofe of their foules. 9notljiS tlje king once, ttoifc, ano 
 th?ife DeGrcD of tlje Cmperour : but he pjouo Ip anftoering agatne,feut tlje king too?o,tljat be t»ei« 
 tber tooulo let the capttues go, nojienott tlje gooos of them tohtclj toere 6?otoneo. 
 
 any en king Richard heato this , beto light the Cmperour lfakius mate of his fo bumble ano 
 honcft petition, 9 hoto that nothing coulD be gotten toitljout uiolnit fince, eftfooncs giuctb com* 
 manocment tljo?otoout all Ijts (jofte to put tin mfclucs in armour ano f olloto him , to reuengc the 
 initities receiueD of that p?ouo ano cruell king of Cyprus, toilting tljera 1 put their trufl in (Sod, 
 ano not to mifooubt but that t&elojD toouln dano toitlj them, ancgiue them thetoctojp. C&e 
 Cmperour in the meane time toitb bis people Qood toatomg tlje &ca coads, toberctbeCnglilb 
 men (IjoulD arriur.toith ftoo fis, billes, ano lances, ano fucb other toeapons as the p bao, fctting 
 booses, ftooles,anD ctjrfles before tljem as a toall : feto of tljem toere harnefleD, ano fo; tlje rnoS 
 part all unerpert ano Dnf kilfull in tbe featcs of toarre. 
 
 3Dben king Richard toith bi&s fouloiers tuutngout of their fijipSjfirfl fet Ijis botocmen before, 
 toho toitlj their fljot mace a toap fo? others to follotoc. ^L\)t Cnglifijmen thus toinning the Iohb 
 ljpon tbem, fo ficrcelp p?elfeD bpon the Gryffons, that after long fighting ano manp blotoest , at 
 fall the Cmperour toas put to flight, tehom king Richard baliantlp purfueD, ano flue manp, ano 
 Diuers he tooke aline , ano haD gone neere alfo to take tlje Cmperour , bao not the night come on 
 anD parteo the battell, 9no thus king Richard toith much fpople,ano great bictojp, returning to 
 tlje po?t Cotone of Lymfzem, tobicb tlje Cotonefmen IjaD left fo? feare , founD there great a« 
 bunDanceofcome,tome,opleanDhictuals, 
 
 Che Dap after the bictojp gotten.ioanna the IKings Cfter, ano Berengaria trje mapoen^ntreo 
 tbepo?teauDCotoneofLyrnfzem,toith50,greatujips,anDi4,galIiots:fatbatalltbetoboIe 
 59attie trjere meeting togetber,toere 254,talllh!ppes,anDabotie tb?eefco?e galliots. Vibtn lfa- 
 kius tlje Cmperour, feeing no toap fo? him to efcapc bp g>ea , the fame night pitcljeo bis tentetf 
 flue miles off from the Cngliflj armp,ftoearing tbat tlje tbiro Dap after, be tooulD furelp gine bat* 
 tell to king Richard : but be pjeuenting Ijim befo?e, fuDDenlp tlje fame morning before tlje Dap of 
 hatt ell ujoulo be , fettetb bpon tlje tentes of the Gryffons earlp in the morning , tbep being una* 
 toarcs ano a flecpe, ano maoe of tbem a great daughter , infomucb that the Cmperour toas fame 
 to runne atoap nakeD,leauing bis tents ano pattifions to the Cnglifijmen, full of Ijojfes anc rit b 
 
 treafure, 
 
K^Rw.thei. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 25 
 
 treasure, alfa toitbtlje imperial flanDero , tlje lolntr pact uiljtreef toity a coftlp ttrediuec urns 
 couercD, anD lujought all toitb goloe, 
 
 King Richard returning toitljuictojie ano trt'umpb toljis fitter anD Berengaria, ffjtffftp after 
 in the ntonettj of spap nert following, ano t be 1 2.oap of tbe faiD monetb.mar ru d tlje faio Beren- 
 garia Daughter Of Zan&ius, ktngof Nauarre,in tlje plcof Cyprus at Lymfzem, 
 
 ■ftbe king of Cyprus feeing Ijimfelfc ouerinatcljeo , teas Djiuen at lengtb to peelne birafelfe 
 toitb conoitions to giue king Richard 20000. markesm goloe fojamenes of furl) fpoplcs as be 
 Ijao gotten of tbemtbat toere D?otoncD,alfo to rcllojeall tbe captures agatne to tbe king: ano 
 furtljermo?e,beinbisotoneperfon to atteno upon tbe king to tljelanDcof ierufalem, in q5ops 
 ftrutceanDbiSitoitb4ooJjo?femen,anD50o,footcnen:inpIeDgctobereofbetooulogiuetob!a 
 bmios Ijts catties, ano Ijis onelp oaugbcer, anD tooulD bolo bis kingoome of him. 
 
 Cljis none, ano tbe ffimperout ftocaring fiDelitie to king Richard uefc jc Guido king of Iem- 
 falem, ano tbe prince of Antiochc ( toljo toere come tljitljer to king Richard a little brfoje) peace 
 toas taken.ano Ifakius committco to tlje toaroe of certaine keepers. jQottoitbttanDing (lio?t tp af- 
 ter be breaking from bis keepers, toas againe at Defiance toitlj tbe King : lubereupon kmg Ri- 
 chard befetttng tbe 3llanD of Cyprus rounD about toitb ftjippes ano gallics, did in fuel) fojt p?e* 
 uaile, tljac tbe fttbiects of tbe lano toere conttratneo to peeloe tbemfclur s to tbe Ktng,anD tit lafl 
 the Daughter of tbe i£mperour, anD tbe €mperourljimfelfe,toIjam king Richard caufcD to be 
 kept in fetters of golo ano filuer, anD to be fent to tbe citic of Tripolis, 
 
 ©befe tbings tbus Done, ano all fet in joer toucbing tlje poflelTon of tlje 3Ile of Cyprus, tbe «rtic e .o 
 keepingtoljereofbecommitteDtoRadulphefonne of Godfrey io?DCljambcrlatne,ocintjibcn ^|"g r ^' ne 
 tlje firtt Dap of June Upon tbe fift of tbe faioe monetlj,king Richardoepartco from tbe Jle of Cy- <*«<) i f frgn* 
 prus, toitb bis ftiippes ano gallies totoarD tbe fiege of Achon , ano on tbe nert mojrolue came to " cr "°" c of 
 1 "yrus, inhere up procurement of tlje JTrencb king Ije teas rettraineo lip tlje Citizens to enter, 
 ®be nert Dap after, tohicljtoas thefirfiDap of 3Hme,ccoffingtl)C feas, be met toitb a great carak 
 faugbt toitb fouloiers ano men of toarre to tlje number of a tljoufano anofme btmDreD,toljicb 
 pjetenoing to be frenchmen , ano fetting foojtb tljcir flaggc toitlj tlje jTrencb ai mes , toere tn» 
 DeeDe Saracens, fecretlp fent toitlj toiloe fire anD certaine barrels of unknotoenferyentstotbe 
 Defcnceoftbetotoneof Achon, tobicb king Richard at lengtb perceiuing,eftfoones fit upon wgtm^ipot 
 tbem anD fo uanquifijco tbem, of inborn tlje mott toere DjotoneD anD fome taken aliue : tobtclj be* bpw™ '?& 
 ing onccknotoen in tlje citie of Achon, as it mas a great Difcomfo?t to tljrivt , fo it mas a great 
 jjelpe to tbe&b»fltans to? toinning tlje citte, 
 
 ®benert Dap after tobicb toas tbe feuentlj of June, king Richard cameto Achon, teljtcb at &m &'<*>"» 
 that time bao bene long befiegeD bp tbe Cb?ittians, after toljofe comming it toas not long , but ^" " 8D at 
 tbe Pagans toitbin tbe citie,fceing their luals to be DnDermincD anD torjaers ottcrtljjaa;c 11 ,\tiere 
 Djiitcn bp compofition to efcape toitlj life anD limine ,to furrenoer tlje citie to tlje ttoo kings. 
 - Another great belpe to tlje <£h?ittians intoinning tljecitie,toas tbis.Jn trjeCaio c-itp of Achon 
 tljeretoas a fecret £hn(itan among tlje Saracens, toljo in time of tbe Dege tbereof nftD at fum 
 D?p times to call ouer tbe toafe into tbe campeoftljei£b?ittians, certaine btlstojittcn in^)ebfuc, 
 6reckc,auD Latinc,tobercinljeDifcIofcD tatlje£b)ittians from time to time, tlje Doings ano 
 counfels of the enemies, aouertifing tbemboto anD toljat toaptbep fijoulD too^ke, ano tuljatto be< 
 toare,anD altoapeS Ijis letters began tljttS.In nomine Patris,& Filij,& Spiricus fanc-h Amen.'Bp 
 
 reafon tofjereof tbe Cb?ittiangi toere mudj aouantageo in tbeir p joceeoingstbui this was a great 
 Ijeauincs toito tljem,tbat ncitber be toculo utter Ijis name, no? ujben tlje citie toas got did tbcp e- 
 uer unoerttanD toljo be mas. 
 
 , Comakeofalongfiegeaujojtnarration. iUpontbettoelftbDapofJulp tbcpecreafo^efauj, 
 tlje launces anD Captaines of tbe pagans, upon agreement refauco to tlje tent of tbe Templa- 
 tes to commune toitb the ttoo kings toucljing peace, ano gttijng up of tljeir cttie : tlje foime of 
 toljicb peace teas tbus, 
 
 1 Cbat tbe Kings OjoulD rjane tbe citie of Achon freelp ana fullp DeliuereD unto tljem,toitb € " c foimrof 
 antobicb toas trjcretn, C5SSS25 
 
 2 Cbatyoo.captiuesoftljcCb^ittiansujoulDberellojeototbem.tobicb toere in Achon. {pM^a?"^} 
 j €-battlje bolp croffe fijoulD be to tbem renDjeo , anD a tboufanD Cb?ittian captiues toitb AiKOT?" 1 " 8 
 
 ttoo bunc? rtb bo?fcmcn, tobofoeuer tljep tljemfelues tooulD chofe out of all tbem toljiclj toere in 
 tbepotoer of tlje Saladine. 
 
 4 VLW tljep tooulD gitteunto tbe Kings ttoo bunDjetb tboufanD Byfants.fo tbat tlieptbem= 
 fclues fijoulD rcmaine as pleoges in tbe Kings Ijanos, foj tbe performance bercof, tljat if in fo jtie 
 Dates, tlje afojefapD couenants toere not aecomplifijcD,tljep fijoulD abiDe tbe Kings mercie to ticb'- 
 ing life ano limine, 
 
 € Stbefe 
 
z6 TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, ly^cu 
 
 Wqziz couenants being agreeo opon , ttje iXings lent trjeir iouloiers ano feruants into tbc n> 
 tie,to cake a buno?etk of tbe ricbefl tj befi of tbe citp,to clofe ttjem bp in totoers tinner Orong kee» 
 ping, $ the refioue tbep committee to tre kept in tjoufes ano in ttreetes , mimtrring bnto them ac 
 coping to tbeir neceflities : to inborn nottoitbttanomg this tbep p?emitteo,tbat fo manp of tbew 
 as moulo be bapti?eo ana rcceiue tbe faitb of Cb?itt , ujoulo be free to goe tobitber tbep toouuu 
 toberupon manp tbere Were of tbe pigans,tobicb fo? ^te of oeatb p?etenoeD to be bapci^eb.but 
 aftertoaro fofooneas tbep couio,reuolteo againe to tbe !§>alaDme:fo? tbe toljtcb it toas aftertoaro 
 commauoeo bp tbeiSingS,tbatnrineoftbem{bouiD be bapti^eDagaintt tbeir toils. 
 
 ^be tbirteentb oap of tbe faio monetb of 3Iulp, JKt'ng Philip of jf ranee, ano king Richard, af- 
 ter tbep ban obteineo tbe pofletfion of Achon,oeuiDeo bettoeene tbem all tilings tljerein conteineo 
 astoell tbe people as goloe ano filuer,toitb all otber furniture tobatfoeuer toas remaining in tbe 
 citie : tobo in oeuioing tbe fpople, toere fo goeo earners to tljemfelues tbat tlje JSnigbts ano 15a* 
 tons bao but litle to tbeir lbare,tobereupon tbep began to fijeto tbemfelucs fometebat oifconten* 
 teo.toln'cb being knotocn of tbe kings, tbep fent tbem anftoere tbat tbeir toils fijoulo b,e fatiffieo, 
 ^bettoentietb oap of3ulp, king Richard tpeaking toitb tbe tfrencbSing, oefircobimtbat 
 tbep ttoo toitb tbeir armies ,too ttlo b mo e t bemfclues bp o the t o remaine tbere ml in tbe lano of Ie- 
 rufalem tbe fpace of 3 .pecres, fo? tbe toinning ano recauering againe of tbofe countreps : but be 
 fapobe tooulo f rueare no web otbe.ano fo tbe nert oap after king Richard toitb bis toife ano fitter 
 entreo into tbe citie of Achon.ano tbere placeobimfelfe in tbe kinaspallace j^Ebe Jftcncbking 
 remapning in tbe boufes of tbe Cemplanes, tobercbe rontinueo till tbe eno of tbntraonctb* 
 
 about tbe beginning of tbe monetb of 9agutt,Philip tbe tfrcneb king after trjat be ano Eing 
 Richard bao maoe agreement bettoeene Guido rjConradusthe 9JEtarqugs,abouttbe kingDome 
 of Ierufalcm.toentftom Achon to ryrus.notniitbflanoingkincr, Richard tj all tbelp?inces of tbe 
 Cbnttian armie toitb great intreatie oefireo bim to tarp.tbeming totjat a ujame it mere fo? btm to 
 come fo farrcano noto to leaue bnoone tbat fo ? tojjicb Ik came.ano on tbe 3, oap of 9ugufloepat» 
 ten fromTyrus,leauing tlje balfe part of tbe Citie of Achon,tn tbe barms of tbeafojefapo Coma, 
 dus Sparcroes. ' 
 
 9fter bis Departure tbe Pagans refufeo to kef pe tbeir couenants maoe, tobo neitber toottfii 
 Mngf iSamL tettoje tbe bolp Crofleno? tbe monep,no? tljctr captiues, fencing too?o to king Richard, tbat if be 
 ,tm bebeaoeotbepleogeslefttoitbbimatAchon,tbepn)oulDcboppcofftbebwosoffucbcaptiuesof 
 tbe Cb?ifiians, as toere in tbeir bancs* 
 
 §>bojtlp after tbis tbc Saladine fencing great gifts to king Richard.requeSco tljetimelimtteo 
 to? bebeaomg of tbe captiues to be p?orogeo, but tbe king refufeo to take In's gifts, ano to gratmt 
 bis r eqttefljUibcreupon tbe Saladine caufco all tbe Cbjiman captiues toitbin bis puffeffion fo jtb* 
 n)itbtobebebcaDeo,uibicbtoastbe28,ofaugufi: torjicb albeit king Richard nnocrflooo.pet 
 tooulonotbep?euenttbetimebefo?elimitteofo?tbeerecutionofbtsp?ifontrs,beingtbc2o.oap 
 of augtrtt:bpon tobicb oap be caufeo tbep?ifoners of tbe Saracens openlp in tbe figljt of tbe Sala- 
 dincs armie to loofe tbeir beaos : tbe number of inborn tame to ttoo tljoufano ano fine litmDjetb, 
 faue onelp tbat ccrtaine of tbe principal of tbem be referueo fo? purpofes ano conGoerattons,elpe* 
 ciallp to make ercbange fo? tbe bolp Crofle.ano ccrtaine otber of tbe &b?ittian captiues, 
 
 after tbis king Richard purpofeo to befitgetbe Cute of loppe.mberebptbetoap bettoene A- 
 chonanoIoppc,neeretoatotonecaUeo Aflur, Saladine toitb a greatmuitttuoe ofbis Saracens 
 came ficrcelp againtt tbe kings reretoaro, but tb?ougb o5oos mercifull grace in tbe fame batten, 
 tbe kings toarriers acqutteo tbemfelues Co toell, tbat tbe Saladine toas put to fligbt, tobom tbe 
 n nmaMt wc Cb?itttans purfueo tbe fp ace of? .miles,* be loll tbat fame oap manp ofbis jSobles $ Cap tatnes, 
 Sift&nt. infucbfo?t (asittoas ttjougrjt)trjat tbeSaladinetoas notput to fucbconfufion4o.peresbefo?c, 
 ano but one Cb?iflianCaptaine calleo lames Auemus in tbat conflict toas ouertbiotoen. 
 
 jTrom tbence king Richard p?oceeoing furtbertoent to Ioppe,anO tben to Afc alon, tobere be 
 
 founo firfl tbe citie of Ioppe fo?faken of tbe Saracens, toboourttnotabioe tbe kings cornmmg: 
 
 Afcalon tbe Saladme tb?etoOotonetotbegrouno,$liketotfefo?foQke tbe tobole lanD of Syria, 
 
 tbjougb all tobtcb lane tbe king bao free paffage tottbout refinance : neitber ourli tbe gmracene 
 
 Kichaid p?rnceencounteraftertbattoitblR,Richard,©falltobicbbiB atcbruancestbefapDK.Richard 
 
 rtsSffemon of fent bis letters of certificate as toell into England,as alfo to tbe abbot of Clara valle in France, 
 
 s ^ u - toell boptngp be ©00 milling u)oulo be able to make bis repaire againe to tbem bp Caller nert, 
 
 Spanp otber famous acts mere Done in tbis bopage bp tbefe tmo Kings, ano moe (boulo bane 
 
 bene, bao not tbep falling into Dtfco?oe Diffeuereo tbemfelues, bp reafon tobereof Philip tbe 
 
 5Trencb king returneo borne againe toitbin (bo?t fpace : toljo being returnee againe cftfoones 
 
 inuaoeDtbecountrepofjao?manDp,ercttingalfoIohn tbeb?orljerof king Richard, to take on 
 
 bim tbe kingoome of Englande in bi?b?otbersab(ence:tobo tben maoe league bpontbe fame 
 
 &ome. 
 
 CtttctipiiBte 
 of tiie &ar«> 
 cms (laint bp 
 
 itUIB Richard. 
 
 I 
 
K^Rjc.the i. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 27 
 
 toith ttje JFtMch king, ants b;p homage unto Ijim, tuhtcb luas about ttjc fourth mxc of king Ri- 
 chard . CQbot'jntbcuuc in Syria, anD hearing thereof, maoc peace teith tbeTurkes foj twice 
 
 ' i9i< 
 
 cnara • wnuywiytMumiij iuo^ii«> auu yiuvtuu, iy*iiui , uwui juan, u.uy iyt • untes 101 lyjct 
 
 pecrcs : ano not long aftcr.tag Richard tljcncxt fp jing folloUung returneo alfo, lobo in tjis ic c ft;»s R'<t»rJ 
 tutnec?mcnhpDiilre(reofU)catbec about tlje parts of Hiitria, m a toUine calico Synaca.,r»as p3|Sp ftw 
 tljcrctakenbp Lympold, iDukcof tlje fame cctmtrep, ano fofoloc to the Cmpcrcur foj Artie 
 tljoufano Sgatkes : tnho foj no fmall tov tljereof.iujiu tb to Philip the tfrenclj king, thefc letter? 
 here following. 
 
 The letter of the Emperour to (Philip the French king , concern 
 
 ning the taking of King Richard. 
 
 HEnricu* VeigratiaRomanorum Imperator,& femper AugufrusfDilcclo & fteciali arnica fu» t 
 PhilippoilluftnFrancorum Regi falutem,& fincerte, diletlionis affeflum. Qmaiam Impera- 
 toria Celjttitdo non dubitat Regalem Magnificentiam tuam Utiorem efface vntuerfis quibus omni- 
 potent). 1 creator is noftri nos ipJos,<& %omanum Imperium honor auertt & exaltauerit,nobilitati tiidt 
 fenore prafinttum declarare duximus, quod inimicus Imperij mftri,& Ltsrbator Regni tut Rex An- 
 glU , quum ejfet in tranfeundo mare ad parte i [hoi reuerfurus,accidit vt vent us rupta nauifua, in qua 
 ipfe eratjnduccret eum in part es Hiftrid ad locum qui eft inter lAquilciam^ Venetias. Vbt R ex, 
 Deipermiffionepajfus naufragium cumpauck euajit. 
 
 Qutdam itac^fidelis nofter Comes, Maynardus de Grooxce,& populus regionU illtus } audito quod 
 in terra erat,cr conjiderato diligentius, qua/em nomiiatus Rex in terra promiffionis proditionem $* 
 traditionem^ perditionis fax cumulum exercuerat, infecmi funt, intendentes eum captiuare. lpfo 
 ant em Rege in fugam conuerfo , ccperunt defuis oclo mitites : Toftmodumprocejfit Rex ad Bur gum 
 in zArchteptfcopatu Salfeburgenfi, qut vacatur Friforum,vbi Fridericus de "Hetefow, Rege cum tri- 
 bns tantum verfus Auftriam properante,noc7ufex mihtes defuis ccepit : 'Dtleclus autem Coufangm~ 
 neus nofter Ljmpoldus Dux Auftri&jibferuataftrata ft pi, dictum Regem iuxta 1)enam in villa zi- 
 ciniori in domo dejj.-eclacaptiu.iuit, 
 
 Cumitaq^in notlra nunc habtatttr Peteftate, &ipfe femper tii.t molettauit, & turbationis operant 
 prjijliterit^ea qutprtmipmusjiobilitati tus inftnuarc curauimus.-fctentes ea ailetlioni ttta beneplaci-. 
 (a exifterejwimo tuo vberrimam import are Utitiam.'Datum apud Ritheountttm j , Kalendas Iunua, 
 
 Sing Richard bcingthus trakercuflp takfn,ano folQC to the Cmpcteur bp tlje DuU of A11. 
 flridgefoj tfoooo jnarkes.tuastbcrcReptinculrooie apecre ano j.motuthj. 
 
 3nfomeflojtcs it tgaffinncDjthatEtng Richard retut!imgoutofAila,catJicwlcaJyiuit[)p?0'' 
 fyecous ttiinoe, toljete he oeftret! of thclpope to be abfolucnof an otlje mafic againftljis Ml ana 
 couln not obteme it : ann fa fitting out fcom thence toWarfi? England, palling bp the Countrcp 
 of Conradus the ?f)arqucjs,tuhofe Dcatlj(lje being flaine a litle before) tua0 falflp imputed bp the 
 jfrencrj king to tlje king of England, there traiterouHptoas taken (ajs igafojcfapDe^bpIim- 
 
 poldus BtlkC of Auftridge. 
 
 albeit in another flojie 31 ftnoe the matter moje creniblp fet fo jth:tohi'cfj faith rhusXh. t king 
 Richard fleroc the brother of this Limpoldus , plaping toitljfcim at Cbcffc in the Jf renrj) Kings 
 Court : airt Limpoldus taking his bantage.Vuas mojc cruel againflljim ano fieliuereDhim(sst3 
 fapfie ) to tlje €mpzrour. 3!n wljofe cuttofiielje vrjasoetcitieo curing tlje time aboue mcnttoncDja 
 pcerc $ 3« monctljsi. During tuhich time of the Rings enfiurancc, tlje jfrcneb king in tlje mearie 
 feafon flirreo toarre in Normandie : ano ©arte Iohn tlje Kings t>£other,maoe ftirre ano inwaoeo 
 England, but the Karons ano T3iujops of the lanfi migljtilp rjBttljttooD htm. 
 . atlcngtijicroasfoagreefianocontluoeottiitbtheiCmpercurjtljatkmgRichardftjauIobere* 
 Icatcfi fo i a bunojetb ano foure tljoufano pouno: of mljiclj monep part ujatilo rematne to tlje Duke 
 ofAuilridge.thcreQfljoulDbetlje^mperours.ChcfummeofluljtcljmoncplriasheregatljzreD 
 ano maoe in England of chalices, croffes, ujunes, canolcQickcs ano orbcr Church plate , alfa 
 Bitrtj publike contribution of ifriers, abbots , ano other fubiects of the Sealme : tobeceof pare 
 toaspjcfeutlp paio.ano fo? the refioae remaining, barrages ana plcfiges lucre taken , tuhich teas 
 riboutthc fift pcere of his reipe : ano then ft Uias obteincD of the p>pe, that IpjtcGcs might ccle» 
 t jatc toith Chalices of latten anD tinnc. 
 
 9t tohat time this afo jefatoe monep teas papoe, ano the Ijodages giuen fo? the ranfamc of the 
 JStngJ Ijaue an oloe Ijiflone tohiclj fatth,tljat tlje afojefato Duke of Auilridge vuas f!jo jtlp after 2*J*£ M** 
 
 plagueObp <S00,D3itb J.fmiO^pplagttCS. \>mn tn^uae 
 
 Jfirtt, tutththe burning of his cljiefc ^otones. » f AuRsa - 
 
 I 2 QHith Detuning of temtc tljoufano of his men in a flooo happening no man can tell Ijoto. 
 
 $ ^p turning all tljeearcs of his come ficloeg into ino?mes, 
 1 € * 4 l?j» 
 
28 The Engliiri Voyages,Nauigations, < Bald.of i Deuon t 
 
 4„ Bp taking auiap almoft allrbe jftobles ofljis lanb bpbeatb. 
 
 5» Igpbjeaking bt? oirme leg falling from fjisbojfe, tohtclj leg Ije teas compelleoto cutoff 
 toi'tb bis otxinc banc?, ami aftertoarbs bieb of tbe fame : toho tljtn at bts beatb is repojteD tofoj* 
 gitte SJ.Richard f oooo.marks, anb fent borne tbe boffages tbat toeretoitbbmu anbfurtbeca 
 certaine bocke tntitulcD Eulogium beclaretb, tbat tbe fapb Limpoldus nuke of Auflrich fell'm 
 Bifpleafuretoitljtbe biftjopof Rome,anbbicb erxommunicatctbe nert peercafter,Anno 1 196. 
 
 TBut tljus.as pott baue bearb, Richard tbe JKing teasranfomeb gtbeliucreb from tbe couetouss 
 captiuitte of tbe €mpero?,aitb returning borne mane an enbeof bis bepage foj Afia, tobiebboajs 
 had) honourable to ijtmfclfe anb to all Cfejtfltan ftates, but to tbe Saracens tbe enemies ofCljju 
 Cianittejterrible ano bilbonourable. 
 
 This hiftorie of King %tcbardsvo\age to Ierufalcm is very excellently andlargcly wr.it- 
 ten in Latine by Guiltelmus Neobrigenfisflni %oger Honeden. 
 
 Epitaphium R.ichardi/>n7wi regis sfnglorum apudfontem Ebraldi. 
 
 SCribitur hoc auro,rcx auree, Iaus tua tola 
 aurca ,materi£ conueniente nota . 
 Laus tua prima fuitSiculijCyprusaltera,Dromo 
 ciuitaslo r p«. tertu.Caruanna quarta ; fuprcma *Iope. 
 
 Retrufi Sicu)i,Cyprus peflundata,Dromo 
 meriliSjCaruannacaptajretentalope. 
 
 Epitaphium eiufdem ybi vifcera eius requiefcunt. 
 
 V 
 
 Ifcera Kareolum 3 corpus fons feruat Ebraldi, 
 & cor Rothomagus,magne Ricbarde, tuum. 
 
 The life and trauailes ofBaldmmsDeuonius, fometime Archbi* 
 Chop of Canterbury. 
 
 Aid winus Deuonius,tenui loco Exceftrii natus,vlr ore facundus, exretus 
 Philofophus, & ad omne fiudiorum genus per illos diesaptiflimusinue- 
 nie batur.Scholarum rector primura crac , turn poftea Archidiaconus,eru- 
 ditione ac fapientia in omni negotio Celebris : fuit pranereaCiftercienfis 
 MonachuSj& Abbas FordenfisCcenobij^magnusfuorurnarflirwtionejac 
 vniuerfseorumiocietatiquaiiAnteiignanus : fuicdeindc Wigornienfis 
 ptaeful, fuit & mortuo demum Richardo Cantuariorum Archiepifcopus, 
 actotiusAnglisPrimas.CuimunenBaldwinusfolIiciteinuigilans,egregiumfepafloremex- 
 hibuit.dominfcum fcmen,quantum patiebatur eius temporis iniquitas, vbique locorura ipar- 
 gens.Richardus Anglorum rex, acceptis tuncregui infignijs, fummo Audio claflem,ac omnia 
 ad Hierofolymitanumbellum gerendumneceiTaria parauic.Secutuseftillicoregem inSyriam, 
 & Paleftinam vfque Baldwinus,vt effet intarn San6to(vc ipfeputabat) itinere laboHirr.,dolo- 
 rum.ac periculorum particeps.Prf fuit Cantuarienfi Ecclefif fere 6,annis 5 & Richardum regera 
 in Syriam fccurus,anno Salutis noftrje 1 1 90. Tyri vitam finiuitjvbi & fepultus eft. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 BAld wine a Deuondjirc man bo jne in Exceter of mean parentage.iMa^ aberp eloquent man, 
 an tract ^bilofopber.ano in tbofe bapes berp excellent in all ktnb of ffubies ♦ Ipeboas firttof 
 all a SrbooUmatter ; aftertoarbs Ijt became an Srcbbeacon,bcrp famous fo? bfe learning fj brif- 
 bom in all bis Doings.fipe baas alfo a Ciftercian ${&on&e anb Sbbot of Foord aponaC erte,ano tbe 
 crttcfe of all tbofe tbat bJerc of bis jbe r : be gretoi after tljis to be bilbop of (KJojccfler, anb at latt 
 after tbe bcatb of 3rcljb, Richard be teas pjomoteb ?mabe 9rcbbifljop of Canterburp, anbipjk 
 mate of ail England. Ju tbe bifcljarge of bobtcb place be being berp. bfgilant, ujetoebbimfelfea 
 tooubpl^aCo?, fotouigtbcfcetiQf<Sobstoojb ineuerpplaceasfarrefiHntbastbe im'quitte of 
 tljat time permittcb,3!n bis time king Richard u>itl) all inbeuour pjepareb a fleet anb all tbttig* 
 itecefiarp fo? toaging of toarrc againtt tbe 3nfioels at 3icrufalem, taking toitb bt'm tbe ffanbem 
 anbenfignes of tljekingoome, CljtsBaldwine eftfoones folotoeo tbekinginto Syria anbPale- 
 flina,ns one oefirous to be partaker of bis trauailes, paines, anb perils in fo bolp a bopage* tyit 
 tons arebbifljop of Canterbttrie almottfire pcres:but Ijauingfollototb tbe king into Syria,tntbe 
 prere 1 \$o, l;c bieb at Tyre,to|jerc Ije teas alfo burttb, 
 
 An 
 
MrFred.TiineJ. Trafliques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 29 
 
 f An annotation concerning the trauailes of thefayd Bald*it>ine f 
 .taken out of GiraldusCamhrenJis, inhis Ititjcrarium Cambria, ttb.2.Caf.i 4, 
 
 INcerprimos Thorns Beckcti foccciTorhififecundus, audita falufltoris&falurifersCrucis 
 iniuria noftris(proh dolor) diebusperSaladinumirrogata, erucefignatus, ineiufdemobie- 
 quijSjtamrwnotisfinibusq^mpropiWquiSjptidiCationisofficiutnvitiliteraffLUTipiit. Etpoft-i 
 modum iter accipiens,nauigi&que fungens apud Marfilism,tranfcurfo tandem pelagi profun. 
 dOjinpoKu Tyrenfiincolumis applicuic :& indeadexcrcitum noftrumobfidentcm pariter & 
 obfeflurn Aconem tranfiuit :ybimUltosexnoftrisinucniens, & fer£cun£tos principum defe- 
 &u,infumma defolationeiampofitos^&de/peratione, alios quidemlongaexpeclationefati* 
 gstos,a!ios fame & inopia grauitetfafftidtos, quoldam v'ero aeris inclemcntiadiftemperacos, 
 diem fceliciter in terra tacraclaufurus cxtremum, fingulos pro pofle vinculo charitatis ample- 
 (ftens/umptibus &iropenlis,verbi$,&>viiaTmerkis confirmauir* 
 
 The Tame in Englifh. 
 
 T^iS Bald wine being t\t feconn fitCCClToj UntoThomas Becket, after Ije rjaB be m p* tojong 
 tubiclj teas none to cur Sautour, ann tbe figne of tbe Croffe bp Saladine tlje Sultan of €'■ 
 gppt,taking upon ljim tlje Lops Cljatacter, Ije couragiottflp petfourmcDlius office ofpycacvjtng 
 in tlje obeoicne e tlje«of,aE! tocU in far re nlflant CcuntrciiJ as at Ijome . ^nn aftertoarns taking; 
 |)is iournep ann imbarking bimfelfc at Marieils,bauing atlengtlj palTeo p" Leuant fea, be arriuctt 
 fefelp in tljc fymtn of Tyrus.ano from tljcnce tocnt ouer to Achon unto our armie, befieging tlje 
 &ottuie,anoprt(asitu)ere)bcfiegtnitfeIfe : tobere finning man? of our Countrcpmen, ano 
 almoK all menrcmaimng in toonncrfull prnfittencfle ano uefpatre, tbjxugb tbe tuitbnjatoing of 
 tbe .p jutees.fome of tbem tpjen ioitb long etpectation, otljcrg grieuoufip afflicteo toitlj fjungcr 
 ann p'ouertie.ann otbcrs'biilemperen wit!) tbe rjeate of tlje toeatber, being reaop bappilp to enne 
 Jjisoapcsin tbe Holy land, embracing cue rp one accojDincrto fets abiltticintbe bonocf lone, be 
 apeco tbem at Ijijs eoito ano cljarges, ano flrengtbeiurj rijem \uith big toojnes ann goon ttmv 
 plea of life, 
 
 ' ' f A note drawen out of a very ancient booke remaining in the 
 hands of theright worfnipfull M. ThomasTilney Efquire 5 touching Sir 
 
 Fr^W^TV/wfrhisanceftor.knightcdata^fowinihci/o^ /W for his valour, LyK. 
 "Rtcbardthe firft,as foloweth. 
 
 Ertinuitifteliber prills Frcderico Tilney deBoftonj in comitatu Lincolniae 
 militi fadoapud Aeon in terra Iudaeaj anno regis Richardi primi tertio. Vir 
 eratiftc magna? ftaturar&potens in corpore : qui cumpatribusfuisdormic 
 apud Tirringcon iuxra villam fui nominisTilney hi Mcrfhland. Cuius altitu- 
 ! do in falua cuftodia pcrmanet ibidem vfque in hunc diem . Et port eius obi- 
 ' turn fexdeceromilitibus eius nominisTilney haereditas ilia fuccefliue obue- 
 nif; quorum vnuspoftalium Temper habitabat apud Bofton pra?di<3um : dum fratris fenioris 
 hxreditas h^redi gencrali deuolura cft,quar nupta eft Iohanni duci Norfolcii, Eorum miles vl-. 
 timus fuitPhilippus Tilney nuper de Shelleigh in Comitatu Suffolcia:, pater & genitor Tho- 
 masTilney deHadleigh in Comftatupridi&oArmigcrijCuimodoattinetifte liber, Anno a:ta- 
 tj^fuae 64. Anno Domini 1556,' 
 
 f The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Tl&i booke pcrtainen in timesi pad unto &ir Frederick Tilney of Bofton in tbe Countfe of 
 Lincolne, tob,o mas fenigljteo at Aeon in tlje land of 3Ittrie,tn tlje tbito pecre of tlje reigncof 
 king Richard tbefirflt,Cl)i«knigl)ttoasof atallftature.ano Crong of boop.toljo rcflctbintetrco 
 loitbljis fojcfatljersatTirrington, ncere bnto atotone in Marfhland calico bpbis otonc name 
 Tilney. 'Ebe iutt beigljt of tljis fenigljt is tberekept infafe cufloup untill tljisbctp Dap. 9Ifo,af= 
 tpr tljtjS mans oeccafe, tbe inheritance of bis lanbeis fell fuccelfiuelp unto firtecne ftniu jp knigbtst 
 caEetj all bp tbe nante of Tilney, tobo Otoelt altoapes.one after anotljer, at tlje totone of Bollon. 
 afo?efapti,bntiIl fttcb time as tljepoffeHions of tlje doer bjocfjer fell Unto an bcirc general, toljicb 
 iuas marten Unto lohn nuke of jaojtljfolkc, ^elafi knigljt of tljat name inas fir Philip Tilney 
 
 Mte of Shelleigh in tlje Countie of Suffolkc,pjeoecetToj annfatljer Unto Thomas Tilney of Had- 
 
 leigh in tbe Countie afo jiefapn Cfqw're, unto ujtjom tbe fapn boo%e of late appertamen, Jn £b? 
 
 peere Qf bis age 64, ann in t|je peete of our Lojn, 1 5 5 5, 
 
 5 ! ^ p J The 
 
30 The English Voyages^Nawgations, %ic. Qattonicus kl 
 1 y The trauailes of onetllicbard famamed Qanonkus. . \ $ 
 
 IchardusCanonkUs^drfinitatisfenutnLondiniReguIaris, ab ipfa pucri. 
 tia, bonarumartiumliterasimpenfeamauic, txcoluit, ac-didtcitT .'Qui ex 
 cfiiuinuff |iboje.«qi«:<Jx€rcit8te>ncrc>f}ga, talis tandem euafic orator , 8£" 
 Poctaj quale«. ca £tas;r»rifTni}os. nuwjefeat .: Ob idRichardo' Anglorun* 
 i tun? Regi charus , Jongam cutn ^pptregrioationem in Palfftiuam ac. Sy«, 
 - riain,.dpm«pugnarfltTUKas, fufcepir, VncIcinAngliatntumdemumte-.,. 
 uerfus, oiTmiaquxprfffensviditwvtbibMS.agris.acmiluumcaflrisjfidclinMratione^amcar*, 
 mine quam ptofa defcrjpfit* Nequei&tcrimomificeiufdfimRcgi*mor«s,&fotmam,pcr om- 
 nia corporis lineamenta-defignare, addiditqueprartlaro fiio opofi boe frptiffimum pro titulo, 
 nomen,fcil:cet,ItinerariumRegisRichatdi. Qaruitaoriojedcn^tioflisijoftra: «oo. fublo- 
 anne AnglorumRege. ry»x>auiJiui 
 
 ThefarricinEnglifh. 
 
 i ■■'■■■ j\ 
 
 RIcl»ard fnrnauieti CanonicusanrAfcruant jf tier of Trmitie, Cfturclj (n JLonucn , tuast'ti 
 great loue njttb tbe fluoieg nfgooo Srtes, atio tnoke paine? in tbem amrieariietj tbi m * &nu' 
 fitlaftbpljisconttnttallenpcuouraKiloiige^i'ciretfjfrtin, (jeegreuie tolitefiiclj an ©jatouc 
 aim poet, as fetoetotre in tljat age lining, lip reafcu tohcrecf bee greunu fattpttv tmtb Richard 
 tbcnJRmgoftEnglano, anobnoertooketbatloug bopngettiihfy'm into Baleflinaano Syria a" 
 gapnll the Knrkejs, jrrom toljcnce being; recttnua againe into England, i;re fattbfuUp t*ffcrf* 
 beo botb in Slerfe aim 19?ofe all fuclj tljings as fjec Ijao fetne in tijz Cities, fielbes ano tentes 
 oftljcfottlotours, toljere bee teas piefentj anoomuteo nottonote the btbamour , fejire, f.no 
 «?op3jtion of boop in the foiefapo king, gi'mng to Ijis notable tooftc t!;is ntitt apt name foi tlje 
 
 title , The Iournall of King Richard. tyt QjptttiErjeOin tjjepCf re Of CUV T&ecemptitn 1 zoo, bU* 
 Bttlohn king of England. 
 
 f The trauailes of-GuHebimTere^rmus. 
 
 VIie!musPcregrinus,Poecaquiclempa ennartatcmexectfens, genere An- 
 glus florebat, literarum, vtmulutunceranr, jmatpr maximus, & qui bona 
 temporamehoribusimpendcratfludijs. flic cum aecepiflet, cxpeciicioncm 
 in Saracenos perRegcmRichaTduniparari,accinxitfeaditerillud, non tan- 
 turn vt miles, ied etiamperegrinus. Viditeaqua*inMariHifpanicofiebanr, 
 vidit qua: in Syria & Palettina comrniflj fucrunt,in Sulcanum Babylonig Rc- 
 gem,acperfidos Saracenos . Omnia base icripi!t,& viuis depinxit coloribus, ita vcquah pra* 
 oculis,totum poneret negotium, idemque Argumentum cum Richardo Cauonico non infoe- 
 licicer,Heroico pertradhuit carmine, opiilq; iam abfolmum Huberto Cantuariorum Archie- 
 pifcopo^StephanoTurnhamoCapitaneoreiumbellicarumexpertiiTiir.odedicauit, addito 
 hoc t:tulo,Odeporicon Richardi Regis. Multaque alia edidifle Poetam takm non dubito, fed 
 num extent ilia cius fcripta.mihi non conflat.Hoc tameii fatis ccnflac,eum fuiffe in pretio, An- 
 no a falutifero virginis partu 1 200/ub Anglorum Rege Ioanne. 
 
 The fame in Englifli, 
 
 William tbe pilgrime, aberp excellent poet intfjofebapegatiuan Cnglifi&matt bejne,- 
 luasofgreatfame,beino;mHcbgiuentoBoooletttrs,(asmanpt()enbJet:e)ant>beiloni« 
 tDljisgoostinieintlje beflkinoeof fluoieB . Jpeebnoerttanoingoftlje preparation of king Ri- 
 chard againtt the <t)aratens,p?cpareti (jimfelfe alfo fo? the famebopage, not onelpais a iSiotiliri* 
 ou^butasaipilgrimealfo . ^efabietbofetljingsbJljicbbappeneDitKbeSipamfij&tas, ano 
 tubicbtoere oonein Syria ano Paleftina, againfttbe Sultan tbe Ring of Babylch, anotfjetreclje« 
 rous Saracens. 3U tD^icb tlnn^s Ijc tojote ano ocp^efTen tfjem ns ietuere tniitielp colour^ as it* 
 tbep ban bene flill in Doing befojerjis epes, ano fianoleo tl;e fame Srgnment in ^crcirall berfe 
 tobicb the fojenameo Richard Canonicus oio, 3nDfcatting finifljeo l;is too?ke l;e ocDieateo it to 
 Hubert arcljbtibop of Cantcrbtitie, ano to Stephen Tumeham a mofterpcrt Ceptaineof tfje 
 toarres,giuingit tljis 'tiLitlejThe expedition of King Richard. 9np 3I Bctitt rot tut tbat fo gooo 
 aiaoetasbeetoaspubltujeDntanpotljertrjings, buttobttbertbepbeeittantpra c?tio, 3!krtoaJ 
 not : but tljis 3! knoto, tbat be teas a man toell acconnteo of, ano flenrifbto in tlje jeetc after tfe* 
 birtlj ofCb?itt i2oo f unDer kinglohn, 
 
 The 
 
.. 
 
 Hub Walter. Traffiques,atid Difcoueries. 
 
 The large contribution totheiuccourortheHo/y land, made by 
 * ■ king Iohn king oiEnghnd, in the third yecrc of his reignc 1 2 01 . tJMatth. 
 
 j] % tlje fame time alfo tl?e itingsi dFR ance ano England gatte large monep 
 totuarDs tbc maintenance of tbe anr}> bjbtclj at tljts p?e fent bJtttt tco?tij bn* 
 ber tbe leaoingof tbe carle of Flandersanootbtr, toujarreagamtttbeenc* 
 mice of tl;c Civilian faitlj attlje tnttancc of pope Innocent. Cljete bias fur« 
 tbcrmo?e granteb Ditto tl;cm tbe fo jtictlj part of all tbe reuenties belonging 
 Ditto ccclcfiaflicall prrfcns,to\)jarB0 tlje apb of tbe C!i?ifli«ng tljen being in 
 tbe Holy land : ano all fucb afacl of tlje nobiIitp,as otljer of tbe breaker fcjt, 
 
 tofjic!) bao taken bpon tbemtbecroffe, anofccretlp lapco it uotuitc toJercrcmpcileDeftfooneeto 
 
 rccciiiettnoujagaiiie. 
 
 The trauailes ofJFluhertJWalterhiRiop ofSarisburk. 
 
 ' VbettusWalteiusSarisburicnfisEpil'copuSjVirprobus, ingenioq; acpieta. 
 'teclarus, inter prxcipuosvnuseorum crat, quipoltRichardumregemex* 
 ' pugnandotum Saracenorum gcatiain Syriam pioficifcebantur. Cum ex Pa- 
 ■ lejima rediens,audiret inSicilia,quod idem Richaidus in inimicorum mantis 
 ■ ) tot incidifletjOrniflbitinere incoepto, ad cum cnrsim diuertebac : Quem&ille 
 •vja^i fiatim inAngliammifit, vcillic regijSenarusauthoritate, indiftoproeius. 
 redemptionetributo pecuniam colligeret, quod &induftrius fecit acregemliberauit. Inde 
 Cantuariorum Archiepifcopus faftus, poll eius mortem Ioanni illius fratn ac fucceflbrr paria 
 fidelitatis officia prseftitir. Longa eriim otatione toti Anglorum nationiptrfuafit , quod vir 
 prouidus, pra*ftans, fortis, genere nobiliflimos, & imperio digniiTimus eflet c quo falutatus a 
 populo fuit, atque in regem coronatus, Cpmpofuit qusedam opijfcula, & ex immenfo aninii 
 doloredemumobijuefertur, Annofalutishumatwe ; 1 20 5. cum fediflet annos IT.Menfes 
 oclo, &dies fex : quum vidiflct exinteilinisodijs, omnia in tranfmarinisregionibuspefsurn 
 ire,regnanteIoanne» ,. j / • 
 
 The fame in Ehglifh. 
 
 HVhcrt Walter bifibop of Sarisburiejabertuousman^nDfamouafoj btegcobtoitanbptrtp, 
 mas oneoftljecbtcfeGoftbcmrijatfoIIobjeb king Richard into Syria going agatnft ttjeSa- 
 racensv 3s Ije retutneo from Palxftkia ano came in bis toutnepinto Sicilia, fje tljerc Ijearo of tlje 
 ill fojtttne of tbe king being fallen into bis enemies banocs, aim tberetiponleattingl;i3iourncp 
 bomebjatos, Ije tonit p jc fentlp ano in all Ijatle to tlje place toljere tbe king teas captiucb, bibont 
 tlje king immeotatlp upon bis comming Cent into England, tbat bp slje atubojitp of tlje councell, 
 a tribute might be c&Ilecttbfojbisreoeroptton ; bjljicbtljisHuberc {-erfojmeD toitlj great oi!i= 
 gence, aim oeliuereb tbe king, after tljts be bias maoe 3tcljbiujop of Cancerburie.ano after tlje 
 oe.itb of king Richard be fbe'uico tlje like twetics of fioelitieanti trttft to bis b?ot!jer Iohn tljatfuc 
 ceeceb Ijim* jfojbp alongojationlje peruuatietitbeujbole nation of tljeCngliuj men, tbatbe 
 laas a berp circttmfpect man, bertuous, baliant, bojne of noble parentage, anb mott tooo^tljp of 
 tlje crobane. ffiLUjercupon be toas fo receineo of all tbe people ano crotonco king. ^)e lu jotc cer* 
 taine books, ano died at tlje laft boitlj berp great grtefe of minoe.in tlje pcere 1205, batting beene 
 arebbiftjop tbe Cpate of 1 1 peres 8 monetljs ano fire oapes.bp reafon of tbe eitul bifcojos abjoab, 
 tailjcrebp all tbingc 'am topftc turup,anb in tbe reigne of king Iohn. 
 
 The trauailes of1(obert Qurfon. 
 
 ^k| Obertus Curfon ex nobili quodam Anglorum ortus genere , difciplinis tum 
 I prophaniSjtum facris ftudiolus incubuic,idquc (quantum ex conieduris col- 
 ligo) in celebtatjllima Oxonij Academia. PrseilantilTimis illic inftitutori- 
 bus vfus, e.x fumma circa ingenuas anci induftria,& alhduo literal uin labo- 
 re , famamfibi inter fuos cclebcirimam comparauit> Amplioradeinde me- 
 ditatus Parifiorum Lutetiam, atque Romam ipfam petijc , illic Theologus 
 Doftor, hie veto Cardinalis eftectus. VndevterqueMatthaeusParilius,ac Weftmohafierjus, 
 hocdeipfo'teftimoniumadferunt : hiclibro 2.ille 8. fuorum Chronicorum. AnnoDomini 
 1218 (inquiunt) incaptioneDaniiatXiEgyptivrbis, fub Ioanne Brenno Hierpfolymorum 
 rege, fuit cum PclagioAlbanenfiMagifterRobertusdeCutfon, Anglus, Clericus celeberrU 
 niuf,genere npbilis,ac Romana: Ecclcfix Cardinalis,&c, Boftpnus Buiicnfu infuo Catalogo 
 
 Cujfcnura 
 
i . i ■ m — i — ■ ■ ■ i t- ■—......--- 
 
 32, TheEngliftiVoyages,Nauigations, %an£jlanMle. 
 
 Curibnum aliquos libros compofuiflc narrat. Claruitanno fuperiusnumeratoperprxdi&os 
 teftcsin Anglia regnante Henrico tcrcioloannis regis filio : fuitquehk diebus Honorij tcrtij 
 Roinanipor-cificisin A]igliam,Boltonotefte,legatus. 
 
 The fame in Englifli . 
 
 Robert Curfon oefrenoeD of a noble familp of England, bfen great Diligence aTtoeH inpjo* 
 pbane ns in Dtuiiie itttDtcs in the famous Uniuerntp of Oxford (as % conjecture.) ij)ehall 
 there the beiHcb olcmaGer s t bar toe re to be go tt c n.ano tolas moil inoultr tons in the arts ano ton* 
 tinual etcrctCrs of learning : bp meanes toljcr eoflje greto) to be of great renotome tobcre be lined, 
 9ftertoaro tbinfeing of greater matters betoent to Paris, anDtbencetoRorncitfeIfe,atii)atPa- 
 ris bep?ocecneD Doctor of Diuinitp.atRome be toasmaoe caroinalU thereupon both Matthew 
 Parish MatthevvofWcttminftcrp^otiutctbisteilimonpofbint, tlje onetn bis fcconi>booke,tbe" 
 otber in bis cigbt booke of Cfyoniclw. 3in tbe pere of our S.0JD (fap tbcp) 121 8, at tbe taking of 
 Damiata a citp of Egypt tonDer Iohn Brcnne Ring of Ierufalem, S^, Robert Curfon an <Engltuj 
 man, a mottfamotis clearfte of noble parentage, aim caruinalt of tbc cljurcb of Rome, teas tbere 
 Hntl)Pe!agiusAlbanenfis, &c. Bolton of Buric in SufFolke in his catalogue repojtetb , that be 
 toijotc outers books. $)c flouriibeointbepeereafojefapDbptbetoitneiresafojcrapD, Henry tbe 
 tbitofonneofking Iohn being thenfeing of England: ano bp tbe further teflimonp of Bolton, 
 this Curfon tolas legate into England in the UaptS Of Honorius the thtrD, bilbop of Rome. 
 
 The voyage of^anulph earle dfQhefieri o£Saer Qtwicy earle of PPfc_ 
 eheHer^ William dc Albmie carle of Arundel, with diucrs other noble men to 
 the Holjland^n the fccondyeteofK.//i«y ihc third. M*tth. c Pa,ru*Hdtnfc.yag.20 .?. 
 
 33 thepeere i»8, Ranulphearte ofCheftertoas Cent into tbe Holy land bp 
 
 gffSMgjgfg Jw ttjepeere 121s, nanuipn eane oc^neiteriBas lencmcotrjcHoiyrana up 
 n*L $lP§> Mag Henry tbe crjfto toiitb a gooolp companp of fonlmers ano men of toarre, to 
 ; ^^apuetbe(£fj?iilians tbere againUtljeSnfioels, tosbicb at the fame time baobcfie<= 
 Wl§ gen tlje citp of Damiata in Egypt, 3lnto>hicb enterp jifc tbe babancp of tbe fame 
 I earle after bis comming tbitber teas to bis great pjaite moffapparant. ^bere. 
 luent toiitb l;im in tbat ioutnep Saer de Quincy earle of Wiochefter, William de Albanie earle 
 of Arundel, bcb/JCS Outers barons, as the IojD Robert fitz Walter, Iohn conflable Of Chcfler, 
 William dc Harecourt, ami Oliuer fitu Roy Tonne to t&e king of England, ano Diners otbers. 
 
 The voyage of Henry !Bobun and Saer Quincy to the Holy land. 
 
 ©is pere, being tbe u"rt pere of Henry tbe thiro, oeceafeo Henry dc Bohun earleof Here- 
 ford, ano Saerde Quincy earleofwinchefter, mtheinourneptohichtbepmaMtotbe 
 Holy land. Macth. Paris. HolenlT1.pag.202. col,2. 
 
 The trauailes ot^antdpb Glanuile earle ofQjeHer. 
 
 Anulphus Glanuile Ceftria: Comes, yir nobilifllmi generis, &vtroqueiure 
 eruditus, in alboilluftriumvirorumamemeritdponcndusvenit. Ica probe 
 omnes adolefcentise fua: annos legibustum humanistumdiuinisconiecra- 
 uit, vt non prius in hominem per aetatem euaferit, quam nomen decufque ab 
 infigni eruditione (ibi comparauerit. Cum profedti eflent Francorum Heroes 
 Pto!emaidem,initocumIoanneBrennoHierofolymoruroregeconcilio,Da- 
 miatam iEgypti vrbem obiidendam conflituebant , anno falutis humana: 1218. Mifitillik 
 Hcnricusrex, abHonorio 3 Rom. Pontifice rogatus, cum magna armatorummanu Ranul- 
 phum, ad remGhriftianam iuuandam. Cuius vittus, Polydoro tefle,in eobello miris omnium 
 Iaudibus cclebrata fait. Quo confefto negotio,Ranu!phus io patriam reuerfus,fcripfit,De le- 
 gibus Anglia: librom vnum. Fertur prsterta,& alia qusedam fcripfiffe,fed tempus edax rerum, 
 ea nobis abfhrlit. Claruitanno aSeruatoris noftri natiuitate i230Confe&us fenio, dum Hep- 
 ricus tertius fub Antichr ifti tyraonide in Anglia regnaret. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 RAnulph Glanuile earle of Chefter, a manofabcrp noble honfe, anoleatne&in both the 
 laujcs, rjeferuesofouetietobebereplaceobpme in the catalogue oftoooithp ano notable 
 men. tpe appiieo rotocllallthe peeresof b«s potitb to the flnop of humane antmiuinelatDts, 
 that be came not fotboneto tbe age of a man, as be ba»purcbafto to himftifebp KaroncfbieCB' 
 
 L ••■■■ """ gulat 
 
%ic.earleoJQorrm. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 
 
 gHlsElcaruiBgACuoumicanoljoiiour* (HIbentljenobleiiunof France went to Ptolom3is,npoK 
 tljecounfcUDflohnBrcnnehtngOflerufalem.tijfprEfoItlftitoljffieEeDamiataacupofEgypr, 
 in tlje peer? 1218, Snotbcn Henry tlje feing Dpon tlje motion of Honorius tljctbitB.biujopof 
 Rome, fntt tljitljcr tljis carle Ranulph totttj a great polrier of armeo foulDtcrs, to further the cm 
 tcrpjife ofclje Caimans :l»bofe balurc in tljat luarre (bp tlje teflimonie of Polidor Virgil) was 
 maruciloutrpccmmcn&EDofallmeit, after trjc cno of toljiclj bufinciTcrje Ijcino; rctttrneo into tjts 
 tountvep,uj?otcaliookeo£tI)eIaU3CBof England. 31ttE alforepoytco tljat fjc bJ?ote otfjir boo^s, 
 but tune tbc ocuroper of manp memo xials , Ijatlj taken tljeni from bs, tyt flouritljcu in tlje pcere 
 after tlje nstuutpofCljulr 1 2 soaring tKTpageD,anrj tntljereigtieofE. Henry tlje tljirb. 
 
 The voyage o£Tetrus de ^upibus bifhop of Vfincbefler y to Ierufalem 
 in theycrc of grace i z 3 1 3 and in the 1 5 oiHenry the third. 
 
 11231 , menfcverblulio, PetrusWintonicnfiscpifcopus,compIec.oin 
 
 & 
 
 reuerfus 
 
 1240, 
 
 terra fanch iam fere per quinquennium magnihceperegrinanonisvoro, re 
 ^ eft in Angliam, Kalcndis Auguilt ; & Wintoniam veniens, fufcepcus eftcum pro- 
 1 ccflionc folenni infuaecclefiacathedrali. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 133 tbepcre of grace 1251,311b in tljcmonetfj onuly,PecerbtibopofWinchcftcrbauingfpfrit 
 almoU fine uljole pcresin fulfilling Ijistoolo of pilgrimage in tlje Holy land ttitijgrcat pompe, 
 rctunieu into England^bout tlje Kalenba of Auguft,ano commtng uwo Wincheiier bias recei ! 
 ucb luulj.fclemnejJjocetKon into bis catbcsiall tijurclj, 
 
 The honourable and proiperous voyage of^Jcbard earle of Qorne* 
 waff, brother ro king Henry the third, accompanied with William Longejpec 
 earle of Sa risburiefind many other noble men into Syria. 
 
 jj2tl)e 24 peere of king Henry tlje tfjlro, Richard earle of Cornwall tbe kings 
 b?ot!jer, vuittjanaupofiTjipsfatlcDinto Syria, mljercinthetoarresagainatbc 
 Saracens Ije greatlp abuancfb tlje part of tlje Clj?tCctans. ■Ojere tecnt oner 
 laitlj Ijt'ift tlje earle cfSarisburie, William Longfpce, anD William Bafletjlohn 
 Beauchampe, Geoffrey de Lucie, Iohn Neuel, GeoffrcyBeauchampe, Pe- 
 1 ter dc Brenfe, atlO William Furniuall. 
 
 Simon Montforc earle of Leiceftertoent otter alfo tlje fame time : but torjcreastlie earle of 
 Cornwall tooke tbcfeaat Marfeils, the carle of LeicefterpatfeDtljojom Italy, atmookefijip* 
 ping at Brindize in Apulia : anDforitlj IjUttiMenttbefeperfonsof name,Thomas de FurniualtotttJ 
 IjtS bjotljer Gerard de Furniuall; Hugh Wake, AlmerikedeS. Aumond,WifcardLedet, Pun- 
 chard dc De win,ano William de Dewin tljat rocrc bietIjjnr,Gerard Pefmes,Fouke de Baugie, 
 alio Peter de Chauntenay. 
 
 g>!)aJ[Ip after alfo Iohn earle of AlbemarIe,WilIiam Fortis 5 ano Peter de Mallow a Poiclo- 
 uin,menfo?tfjetrbaItanrp greatlp renotomeo.toentthttberJeatingtoitbtljEmagreat number of 
 Crj?iifiaufoillQier0,Mauh,Paris.Matth.Weft»HoIenfh.pag.2 25.001,2, 
 
 Thecomming of the Emperour of Constantinople called 'BaldWne' 
 into England in the yere 1247, oucof Matth.Paris.fc. Hokn^).fag.2sg. vol.2. 
 
 ffi^e§ TScuttljcfametime, Baldwine naming btmfclfe emperour of Conftantinople, camea* 
 Wim K aine ilU0 Englandjtb p;ocure fomenero apti of tlje king totoatos tljcrecouerp of bis em- 
 ^^ ptre,ottt of tlje roljtclj be teas eicpcllco bp the ©jecks, 
 
 Th e voyage of William || Longeftee Earle of Sarishurie into *4fia, \Or,Lo»g- 
 
 in the yeere 1 248 , arid in the 3 2 yeere of the reigne of Henry the third, &""''*' 
 king of England. 
 
 Ewis the jfrencfj king being recotierco of IjisCckenetretofjicfjlje fell into, lit 
 
 tljepcre 1254, vjotocb thereupon foj a free mill facrifireto <Sab, tljat be (if tlje 
 
 P Councdl of Ijis realine tooulrj fuffer Ijim) IdouId in bis ototie pctfon bifit tlje 
 
 ||lp§jfl Holy land:tuijiclj matter toas opeueoano oebaterjuuljeipacltjtiientof .ffraiice 
 
 p^tMrnL W l " tbe VWW 1 3 47» S3hereatletigtb it luas conduced , tljat tlje king ac- 
 
 ysta^sPp coding to |>is boto t^ouirj take bis mm j into Afia , ano tbe time tbereof roas 
 
 alfo 
 
I I I m _ 
 
 34. The Englifh Voyages, Nauigations, IViLLongejfiee. J 
 
 alfop?efireo/U)ljtci)i'! , oulDbe after the feafiof 4©»lohn Baptilt the nert pecre enfutng,. 
 
 St tobich time William Longefpee a toojtbte toarrio?, toith the tiftjop of £2Jo?ce8er ana cer* 
 taine other great men tivtbeKealme ofCuglano (moouea toith tbe srample of the jFrcncbmcn) 
 pjeparea tljemfeUtcs liketoife to the fame iournep* 
 
 2t fell out in tfjijs £nterp?ire,tljat about ttjc be ginning of SDctober, tfoe jfrenclj king affaulteo 
 aim tooke Damiata.being the principal! fojt OJ I30ID of the Saracens in all CSPpt, Anno 1 J49, 
 ana hautngfajtifiea the €itietoit;j an able garnfon left toith tljeDuke of Burgundie,be rcmco* 
 ueo his tents from thence to goe &a3toa$o. 3n tohofe armic follctoea William Longefpee, ac* 
 companies toitlj a pikea number of Cngliilj toarriojs retaining unto \}im* 15 ut futh tons the aif< 
 name of trje jFrencljincn againfl tljis William Longefpee ano the Cngliftjmcn thattljcpcoulo 
 rat abitre thcm,but fiourea them after an oppjob jious maner toith «£ngliuj tailes, infemuch cijae 
 the jfrencbktngbimfclfe haa much awe to kcepe peace bettoeenctbem,. 
 
 %\)t ojiginall caufeof this grunge bcitoeene tbem began thus, 'iZtljcrc toasinot farre from A- 
 lexandria m <£gppt a ftrong fo?c 0? callle replenifbea toith great iaaies ana rirlj treaftire of the 
 SJeiSKfcJ* Sa r a "ns : tohich hola it cfcanceti the fapa William Longefpee toith hiss company of engliflj fol« 
 mot. Diers to getjmoje bp politique acrtcritie tl>cn bp cpen fo?ce of armes, toljertoith be g? bis retinue 
 
 lucre gceatlp enricbea. Warn the Sf renchmen Ijao knotoleage hereof (tfcep not being maor p?i« 
 uie Ijereto) began to conceiue an Ijeart burning agamft tlje £ngli(b fouloiers, gt ccuia not fpeake 
 toetl of trjem after that* 
 
 3t hapnea agamenot long after, that tlje fapa William Ijaa intelligence of a companp of rich 
 
 merchants amcngtl>e Saracens going to a certaine jf aire about tlje partsof AIexandria,ijau:ng 
 
 tljeircamelSjaffesanDnutlcs^icljIpIoDentoitljfilReSjPjeciousieujels/pice^golD^ filuerjtuitlj 
 
 cave loaws of otljc: toarcs,beftac btctw.ll ana other fumiture,tohereof the foulaiers then flocu in 
 
 great neea : be rjauing fcciet knotoleage bereof,gatljerea all thepotoer of<£ngIifhmen bnto Ijim 
 
 a ric6 toottt that be couia,ana fo bp nigrjt falling bpon tlje raerc!jants,fcme Ije Gem toitlj theft guiars aim con* 
 
 rte°«f * g m&. lip ottcters.fcmc Ijee tooke/ome Ijee put to fligljt : tbe carts toitl) tlje Duuers,ano toitlj tbe oren, ca= 
 
 mm. mels jaffes ano mules, toitlj tlje toljole cariage ano fotctualslje tooke 9: b jotigljt toitlj pirn, looting 
 
 in all tljefkirmiflj but onefouIcier,aniici^t of Ijis fcrttitojs : of to{jom nottoitljftanDingfomelje 
 
 bjottgljt Ijomctootuioeo to be cttrco, 
 
 ■Sljts being knotoen in tlje Campe,foo jtb came tlje jFrcncljmen to^iclj all tljis toljtle Ioptcreu 
 
 in tljctrpauilltons, anu meeting tljis cariage bp tlje toap, tooke all tlje fojefapo pjaie toljole to 
 
 ■iiiettiimjeof tijemfelues,rattHgtfjefaiD William aatit!jc€itgliujmnifo?atiuentunng anbiffuing out of tlje 
 
 mciu^!! 5 &mw tottljout Icaue oi knotoleoge of tljcir ©cnerall,contrarp to tbe oifcipline of toarre. Wil- 
 
 ciisuiij. liam faio againc Ije l;ao Done nothing but Ijc tooulo anftocre to it, tojjofe put poCe toas to ijattc tlje 
 
 fpople Beuioeo to tlje beljoofe of the tohole armt'e. 
 
 When t ijis tooulD no t fcrue , tjee bemg foje grt'cueD ia his minoe fo cotoarelp to be fpopleo of 
 
 tljat todicb ijefo abitenturouflpljao trauaileo fo?, toent totljci&'ngto complaine : "But nljcn no 
 
 reafouuo? complaint tooulc feme bprcafonof the pjoufic €arle of Artcys the Rims bjothcr, 
 
 toljicljuponfpigljt ano Difnaine ffooo agapntthim , Ije biDDingtljcJSingfaretoellfapoljee tooulo 
 
 win. Lon^ec ^^ Ijim no longer : ann fo William de Longefpee toith the red ofhts companp bjeafeing from 
 
 ft'Tft f0 ^ A ' h t(jC -^ rEnc ^ ?°^ e mxit t0 Achon. Upon tohofe separture tlje earle of Artoys fapo , ^2oto is the 
 
 finig. armp of f rench men toell rto of thefe taileo pcuple , tohich tooms fpoken in great oefpigljt toere 
 
 illtakeuofmanpgooometuljathcarijtljem. 
 
 IJttt not long after ,tohen tlje keeper of Cayro $ Babylonia, beating a gooo mim> to ttje €\))i'- 
 fiian religion , ana being effenaeo alfo toith tlje §>ouiaan , pjomifea to eeliuer the famr totjje 
 jf rtncljking , inttructingljim tohatcourfetoas bell fo? Ijim to take to accomplifh it , the king 
 hereupon inallljaftefcntfo? William Longefpee , p?omifinghtmafullreb?effeofaU bisiniu* 
 riesbcfo?c recciuea : toljoattlje kings reqi«a came toljim againc, ana foiopnea toitlj tlje 
 jfrencljpotoer. 
 
 Sftcrtljtsi, it Ijappenea that the Jfrencb king paffing toitljht'sarmtetotoaraesiCayroafoje* ' 
 fapa, came to the great riuerNiius, on tljefurtljtr part toljercoftljc^olDauhaapitchEOhimfclfe 
 to toitbSanahis eomming ouewhere toas at this time a gjavacen latelp conuertco to Chrirt, fet- 
 tting the earlcRobercthejfrenclj kings bjotljer.toljo tola him of tlje abfence of thegioloan from 
 his tents, ana of a fballoto foo?o in tlje riuer tohere thep might eaftlp paffe oxier, 223ljer«tpon tlje 
 fapa carle Robert ftlje Spatter of tlje temple toitlj a great potocr.efl eemea tothe thus part of 
 the armp iffuea oucr tlje riuer,after tohomfollotoca WXongfpeetoitb liis bano of ^ngliflj foul- 
 aicrs. Cljefc bctngiopneo together on tlje other fiae of the toater, encountreo the fame aap toith 
 the Saracens remaining in tlje tents $ put them to the toojtt . 22lhub toictojp being gotten.tlje 
 #rcnclj c«riefurpjifco toitlj pjioe ane triumph, a.s tljougljhceljaD CQnquereat(je toljole earth, 
 
 tooulo 
 
JPil.LongeJpe. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 35 
 
 U)OulDneeosfo?WarB , Biuiumg bimfelfe from the inaine botte , thinking to winnc the fpurrcs 
 alone. Co Whom certaine fage men oftftc temple , giuing him contrarp counfell , aauifca him 
 not to bo fo, but rather to retutne ana take their Whole companp with them, ana to tbouTo tljcp be 
 mo?e Cute agafntt all aeceits ano Bangers, Which might be lapea p?iutlp fo? them. Che maner of 
 tbatpeople (tbepfapa) tbep better knew, anBbaamojeeiqpctiencetbereof tbenbe : allcBging 
 mojeouer their weariea boaies, their ticeB hojfes, their famiftea fouloiers, ano tbc mftirTicicncp 
 alfo of their number, Which was not able to Wttbftana the multituBc of the enemies, efpcciallp at 
 this p icfcnt b?unt,m which the aBtierfaries Bio well fee tlje Whole Gate of their Dominion now to 
 confitt either in Winning all o? lofing all. 
 
 e&bich when the p?ouo earle BiBheare^einginflateBWitl;) no leffcarrogancpthen ignorance, 
 With opp?ob?ious taunts rcuilea tbcm,calling them coWatalp aattaras, $ betrayers of the whole 
 eountrtp, objecting unto them the common report of manp, Which fapB, that the lano of the bolp 
 rroffe might fooncbewoon to £h?ittcnBome,Wcrcitnotfo?rcbeUiou9Cciriulai-ics 5 iuirl;[!,ic 1^)0" 
 fpitalaries, anB their followers. 
 
 Co thefe contumelious rebukes , When the matter of the CcmpleanfwcrcB againe fo? him 
 anahisfellowes, biOBingbimDifplapbis enttgne When be Wotila , ano Where be Dttrft, tbep 
 were as reaBp to follow him , as he to goebefo?etbcm, Chen began William de Longcfpe the 
 Wo?thp knight tofpeake,Befiring tlje earle to giue eare to tbofe men of erperience, uiho hao bct-- 
 tcrknoWleBgcoftbofecoumrepes ana people then haa be, commencing alfo tbcircouufelltobe 
 Bifcreet anB wbolefome, anB ft turning to the matter of the Cemple, began with gentle Wo?acs 
 to mittigatc him likcWtfe. Che knight IjaB not halfecnscB bis talkc, when the Catle taking his 
 Wo?bcs outof his mouthjbegan to fume ana fweare,crping out of thofe cowarolp Cnglilbmen 
 with tailes : flUbat a pure armie ( fapBe he) IboulB We haue bcre,if tbefe tatles ana taileo people 
 Were pttrgca from it, With other like toojos of i>illanp, ana much Bifaamc: Whereunto the Cng= 
 lift) knight anfwering againe, well, Carle Robert (faia be)Wberefoeuer pou Bare fct pour foote, ^ie i»o;tfip 
 mp ttep Qjall go as farre as pours, ana (as 3 beleeue) we goe this Bap where pou Ojall not Bare wm.« un». 
 toeomeneerethetaileof mpbo?fe, as inaeeoe in the euent itp?ooucotrue: fo? Carle Robert <i* w «aru 
 .ttoulP neeoes fet fo?wara , Weening to get all the glo?p to bimfelfe befo?e the commtng of the Robe "* 
 liotte.ana firfl inuaaea a litle wllageo? cattle, Which Was not farre off.calleo Manfor. Clje coun= 
 trep T5oo?es ana pagans in the milages, feeing the Cb?iflians comming, ranne out with fitch a 
 maine crp ana (bout , that it came to the &olaans hearing , Who Was neerer then our men did 
 tbinke. 3Jn the mtanc time, the Cb?ittians inuaaing ana entctng into the munition tncirraiu- 
 fpectlp, Were peltea ana pattjea With ttones bp them which Cooa aboue,wijercbp a great number 
 of our men Were loft, ana the armicfb?e mapmea,ano almott in oefpatre. 
 
 Chen immeoiatlp upon the fame,commeth the !§>olaan with all his matne power , Which fee* 
 tng the Cb?ittian armie to be BeuiBeD,anB the brother Separatee from the b?othe r.bao that which 
 he long wiujea fo?, ana ft inclofing them rauna about , that none Iboula eft-ape, baa with them a 
 cruell fight. 
 
 Chen the earle began to repent him of his heaap raffmes, but tt Was too late.who then feeing 
 William the Cnglifb knight aoughtilp fighting in the cbiefebjuut of the enctmcsjcricauntohim 
 mott cowarolp to Hie, feeing <8oa (faith he ) Doth fight againftbs: Co whom the Knight an* kne tmatm* 
 fWering againe, (Boo fo?bio (tapth he) that mp fathers ftnne (houlo runnc awap from ti;e face of [NJb ef «*»■•« 
 a Saracene.Che Carle then turning his ba?fe,fleB aWap,thinking to auoio bp the fwtftnes of bis ° crt * 
 to?te,ana ft taking the riuer Thafnis,opp?effeo with batneue.toas there funken ano ajoWneo, 
 
 Chus the Carle being gone , the .frenchmen began to oifpaire aim fcatter. Cljen William 
 de Longcfpe bearing all the fo?ce of the enemies, ttooBe againtt them as long as he coula, 
 toomtBing ana ifaping manp a Saracen , till at length bis bo?fe being ktllca , ana his Icgges 
 ntapmea,he coula no longer flanae , who pet notwitbttanaing as he Was aowne , manglea their mt unnant 
 feete ana legges, ana bib tbeSaracens much ft?row , till at latt after manp blow es ana wounas> JJJft^S'" 1 ' 
 beingttonen of the Saracens, bepeeloeB his life. 9na after the aeath of him, the Saracens fetttng 
 spon the rettaue of the armie, Whom thep bao conipaffea on enerp fioc , oeuotireB ana aettropea 
 them all, inftmuch that fcarce one manrematneo aline,fauing two Ce mplaries,one ^ofpitaler, 
 ana one poo ic rafcall ftuloier, Winch b?ought t iatngs, hereof to the King, 
 
 9nB thus bp the tmp?uaent ana fooliu)harotnes of that jfrench Carle, the frenchmen were 
 mTcomfiteo, ana that baliant Cnglilb Knight ouermatcbeB, to the griefe of all Ch?tttian people, 
 theglo?p of the Saracens, anathcbttcr acttructionana mine of the whole french atmie, as 
 afterwarDsitappearea, 
 
 The 
 
36 The Engl i(h Voyages^Naufgations, Trince hdn>. 
 
 y The Voyage of Prince Edward the ionne of king Henry the third 
 
 into ^f/iajn the ycere 1270. 
 
 "Bom the peere of out Ho?n,i i6y, Oftobonus tbe popes legate being in 
 England,p;tince Edward tbefonne of kingHcnry, ano oiuers ether jftoble 
 men of England tookebpontbemtfjecroffebponssUohnBapririsoap, bp 
 the fapo legates bancs at Northhampton, to tlje relit fe oftbe Holy land, 
 anottje fubuerfion oftbe enemies oftbe crofTe of Chjiff, jf 0? tohiclj purpofe, 
 ane foj tlje better furniujmg of the prince totoaros 1 be lournep, tbere toast 
 granted bim a fubfioie throughout all t be realme,ano in tlje monetb of apap, 
 m ttje peere of our Lojo 1 270, be began to fet fojtoaro, 
 
 at^icbaelmaBfollotoingljetoitljbiscompanpcameto Eguemortcs, tohichis from Marfi- 
 lia eight leagues (KBefitoaro.ann tbere taking fijip againe (bauing a merp ann p?ofpcrous toino) 
 toitbinten napes arriueo at Tunez.tobere be toas toitb great iop toelcommeo,ann entertained of 
 t^t Cbjifiian princes that there toere to tbis purpofe aficmbleo, as of Philip the jf rencb iKing, 
 tobofe father Lodouicusoieo a litle before, ofCarolustljekingofSialia, anotbettoo kings of 
 Nauarre ano Arragon, and as tbtS IojO Edward came tljitljer fo? Ijis father tbe king of England, 
 tbitljer came alfo Henry tlje fonne of tbe king of Almaine foj his father, tu^o at bis retutne from 
 thctoopage tuas fiainetnacbappellat Viterbium. 
 
 SUbenpjince Ed wardoemannen of tljcfe kings ann pjincestoljat toas to be oone.tbcp anftoe* 
 rco bim agame.and fapo.tlje p?ince of tljis citie ano tbe pjouince aoiopning to tbe fame batb bene 
 accuffomeo to pap tribute wtto tlje kingof Sicily cuerppcre:ano noto fo? that tlje fame batb bene 
 fo^tljefpaceoffcumpecresbtipaieoantimo?e,tbtrefo?etoetbottgbtgooDtomabeinuaGon bpon 
 bim. T3ut tlje king knotting tlje fame tribute to be but mfilp oemaunoeo, hath nom ncco joiner, to 
 our otone ocftrc fatif fien f 0? tbe time pafl,ano alfo paf en bis tribute before (janD* 
 
 Chen fapn be,Spp Lo?03,toba t is tljis to tbe purpofe*: are me not here ail aficinblen,? (jaue ta* 
 ken upon tos tlje Lo 10s Character to fight againfi tbe infidels $ enemies of Clj jilt 'i ffiBhat meane 
 pou then to conduce a peace toitlj tljenvyEoo f o?bio toe fijoulono fo.fo j noto tbe land is ptaine ant 
 bam.fc tljat toe map appjocb to p bolp citp Ierufale. Chen fato thep,noto Ijaue toe mane a league 
 toitlj tbem.neitber it it latoful fo? bs to b^cake tbe fame,15ut letbs returne againe to Sicilia, ano 
 toben tlje tointer is pall toe map toell take (hipping to Acra.'Sut tbis counfel notljing at all likeo 
 bim.neitber oin be (be to himfelfe to cl pleafeo tljere toitij : but after bee ban mane tljem a pjin celp 
 .banket, Ije toent into bis do fet 0; pjiup chamber from amongfl them, neitljer tooulo bepattakct 
 of anp of tbat toickcomenep tobiclj tbep bad tahen.Cjep nottoitljflanoing continuing their pur- 
 pofe.at tlje nert merp toino tookefijipping, ano fojtoantofujipslefuoo.of their men attjoje, 
 crping out,anopitiouflp lamentingfoj tbe peril ano bajardofocath that tbep toere in: toberetoitlj 
 pjincc Edward bring : fometobat mooueoto compau"ion,came backeagaine to tbe lanb, and recet* 
 tieo ant> from co tlj cm in ijis otone fljips,lcing tbe lad tljat toent aboojm, 
 
 tQitbin fcucu napes after,tbep arriueo in tlje kingoom of Sicilia.ouer agapnfl tbe Cttie Tra- 
 pesjCaflmg tljeir ankers a league from tbence toitbin tbe fea, fo? tbat tbeir Ibippes toere of great 
 btiroeu.ano tljjougblp fraught: ann from tbebauenof tbe citie tljep fent out barges and boatess 
 to receiue ano bitng f uclj of tbe j^obilitte to lano as tooulo,but their bojfeg fo; tbe mod part, ano 
 all their armour t hep kept Hill toitbin boo ?&♦ 
 
 St length totoaros tlje euening tbe fea began to be rough, 9 increafeu to a great t emprfl ane 
 a mtgbtie: infomuclj tljat tbeir Qjips toere beaten one againfi anotljcrs Goes,anti n^otonco tbere 
 toas of them at that tempefi Iping at anker moje tljen 1 20. toitb all tbeir armour ann munition, 
 tottb innumerable foules befioes, ano tbat toickco moncp alfo tobiclj tbep Ijan taken before, bke- 
 toife periujeo, ann toaslofl, 
 
 T3ut tbe tempefi hurt not fo much as one fijip of p?ince Edwards,tobo ban in number 1 j. no? 
 pet ban ne man lofi tljerebp,fo; tljat (as it map be p jefuppofen ) be con fent eo not to tbe toickco 
 counfell oftbe rett, 
 
 cOljcn in tlje mo ming tlje princes ano kings came to tlje fea fine, ann fato all their (hips n?oto= 
 nen,ann fato tbeir men ann bo?fes in great number rafi bpon tbe lann ojotoneo, tbep ban full bea s 
 uie bearts.aiB toell tbep might, fo? of all tljeir ftjtps ano mariners, tobicb toere in number 1 5 00. 
 befioes the common foulnters, tljere toas no moje faueo trjen tbe mariners of one onelp fijip, ano 
 cljepintbistoife, 
 
 Chere toas in tbat fijip a goon 9 toife fl9atrone,a CotmtclTc 0} an Crk2 toife,tobo perceiuing 
 t\)t tempefi to groto,? fearing ber felfe,caIleo to her tbe S^,of tlje ftj»p,f af ken Ijim tobetber inat-' 
 tempting to tbe ftoare it toere not poulWe to faue tfef felues : be anf toeren, tbat to faue tbe fijip it 
 
 toas 
 
^Prince Edward. Traffic[ues,andDifcoueries. 37 
 
 toas impaffible : bouibeittlje men ttjat were therein bpOoostjelpe he ooubteo not, 'uLljcn Uipo 
 tljc countclfe/o? clje fijip fo?ee no tobit, fauc tbe foules therein, ano Ijaue to tbee Double tljc tialue 
 of tb: Gjippc : toho immeoiatlp boning the failes toitlj all fits jce,ran tlje fijippe agrouno fo neve tlje 
 fijojc ns toas poulblc, fo tJjat toitlj tlje toeljcmcncp oftrje toeatljer $ fojtcc ljc came toitbaU,be bjatt 
 tl;e fijip ano fatteo all cfjat toas toitbm tljc fame,as be Ijao ftjetoeD,ano fapo befoje. 
 
 Cljen tljc kings atvo pn'nees (altering tljeit purpofc after tljis fo great a fijipttnacke) returned 
 home agafne cuerp one unto tljcir otonc lanos 5 onelp Edward the fonneof tlje king of England, 
 remained beljinoc toitb ljis men ano u)ips,to!jiclj tbe lojo bad faued and pjcfcrueo, 
 
 ^Ijen pjmce Edward renouating ljispurpofe,tooke ujippingagamc,and toitljinfiftecneoaics 
 after (Eatfer arriueo be at Acra, anD incut alano, taking toitb bint a tboufand of tljcbctt fouloicrs ^ c fl c I S° fl " d ot 
 ano molt erpert 3 ano taricd tljerc a toljole monetb,rcfrelljing botb bis men and bo?fcs,and tijat in «"'"». wai 
 this fpaccljemigbtlearncandknoto tfeefecrets of tljclano. after tbis be tooke toitb bim Oreo? 
 fcucu thoufauo fouloicrs, ano mardjeo fojtoaro ttocntp miles from Acra, ano tooftc Nazarcih, N^mh tnhm 
 ano tl)ofetl)atljcfounDt|jercl)eiIen),anDafterU)arDrcturneoagameto Acra. 3Uut tljeit enemies "* tS " rI ' I,n "* 
 follotoing after tljem, thinking to bauefet upontrjem at fomcffreitojotljeraouantagc, toere 
 tfpieo bp tljc pjtiiec, ano returning againebpon tbem gauc a cbarge, ano fleto manp of tbcm,an& 
 tbereatljcpputioiligbt. 
 
 after tbis, about fpiofummer, toljen tlje pjtnce Ijaobnocrftanotngtbat the s&aracens began 
 to gather at Cakow to'jicb toas fojtp miles from Acra, be inarc&ing tljitljer, fit bpon tljem berp 
 earelp in tlje moving, ano ficto oftljem mojc t&en a tboufano, tlje red Ije put to fligljt, ano tcoke ^aal»t» 
 riclj fpoiles , marching fojtoaro till tljep came to a caflle nameo Caftrum peregrinorum , fituate umamtte 
 upon tfoe fca coafl.ano tarieo tljere tljac ni$ljt,ano tlje nejet Dap trjcp returnee againe totoaw Acra. £*«&*£?' 
 
 3in tlje meanefeafon tljc king of Icruildcmfentbnto tlje noble men of Cyprus, DeCringtljem 
 to come toitbfpeeo to apo tbeCijultians.but tbep tooulo not come, Taping ttjep tooulo keepe tbcu: 
 otonelano,ano go no further. ^hcnpn'nceEdwardient onto tljem, Defiringtbatat IjigrequcS W'vwcee 
 tljep tooulo come ano iopnc in apo toitb bim : toljo immeoiatlp tljereupon came bnto Ijtm tuttb SnoKgVo* 
 B?eat pjeparatiou 5 furniture fo? tlje l»artes,faping,tl)at at Ijis cemmanncment tljep lucre botmu beatawe to tee 
 to co no leRc, fo? tljat Ijis p?eDeceu*o?s toere fometimes tlje Ojouernojsof tljattbcit lauo, aim tljat fanSf of tnB " 
 t&ep ottgljt altoapes to fijeto tljeir fioelitp to tljektngs of England. 
 
 %ljeu tljeiJClj?ittians being ijeretoitlj animates, maoe a tljtro bopage j roaD,anc came aS farre 
 as tbcfojt callcD Vincula fanfti Petri, ano to S.Georgius.ano toljen tljep rjabfiain certamettjerc, 
 not finotng anp to make refinance againfl tljcm , tljep reitteoagaine from toljence tljep came : 
 toljen tijus tlje fame of p?ince Edward greto amongtt Ijis enemies, anotljat tljtp began to Itanti in 
 Doubt of Ijtm , tljep oetttfeo among tljemfclues feoto bp fome polltcp tbep roigijt circumuent Ijtm, 
 anb bctrap Ijim, aattjereupon tlje punce ano aomirall of Ioppa fent bnto rjtm,faining Ijimfelfc bn- 
 ncr great Deceit totlling to become aeLtj?i8ian,anD tljat Ijctoouioojatotoit&ljim a great number- 
 heBoes, fo tljat tljep mi^bt be Ijonojablp entercameo ano bfco of tlje HLbjifiians, Cbts talke plea-- 
 feo tljc pjince tocll,ano perftoaoeo Ijtm to finiflj tbe tbing Ije Ijao fo tocll begun bp tojttingagame, 
 toljo alfo bp tlje fame metfenger fent ano tojote backe bnto Ijim oiucrs times about tlje fame mat* 
 tee,toljcrcbp no miflruS fljoulo fpjt'ng, 
 
 ■Cljts metfenger (faptb mine autbo?) toas one ex caute nutritis, one of tlje Uonp IjeatceOj tbat 
 neitljcr feareo <Sco nojojieaoeo oeatb, 
 
 iSlje 8ft time toljen tljis meffenger came , ano toas of tlje pjinces ferttants fearcljco acco joins 
 to tlje mancr ano cuttome torjat toeapon ano armour Ije bao abcut bim, as alfo bis purfe, tljat not 
 fo muclj as a knife coulo be feene about bim.lje toas Ijaobp into tlje pnnces cljamber, anD after bis 
 icuerence ooncb/ pulleo out certaine letters, tobicb be Deliucreo tbe pjincc from bis lo?o, as ije 
 bao Done otljcrs befojr, Cljts toas about eigljt oapes after ffiLUjitfuntioe, bpon a 'Eucfcaj',fome' 
 tobat befo je nigljt, at toljiclj time tlje pjince toas lapco bpon Ijis beo bare beaoeo, in Ijis ierkin, fo j 
 tbe great Sjcat ano intemperature cf tlje toeatljer, 
 
 - SOljentlje pjince baD reao tlje letters , it appearco bp tljem, tljat bpon tbe ©aturoap ncrt fol« 
 (otoing , Ijis lojo tooulo be tljere reaop to accompliuj all tbat be Ijao tojitten ano pjomtfeO. 'Elje 
 repojtof tljcfenetoes bp tlje prince totljeflanoersbp, likeo tljem lrell, to!;oD?etofometobat - 
 Jjacketoconfulttljereof amongfl tljemfclues. 3iutlje mcanetime, tljemeffenger kneeling, ano 
 making bis obeifance to tljc pnnee (quettioning ftirtber ti itbbim) put Ijis Ijano to Ijis belt , as 
 tljouglj be tooulo IjaHe pulleo out feme fecree letters, ano fuooenlp Ije pulleo out an tmtcnomco 
 knife, tljinking to Ijaue ffroken tljep?ince into tljebcllptberetoitlj as belap : but tlje p?ince lif» 
 ting bp Ijis ijano to ocfeno tlje bloto , toas Qrikcn a great toouno into tljc atme, ano being about 
 tofttcbanotbctHrokcatbim, tbcpjinceagainctoitb Ijis foot tookeljimfucb a bloto, tljat Ijefclo ^iim*3«ai 
 bim to tljc ground ; toitlj t &at tfec p jtntc gate bim bp t|jc Ijann , ano toitb, fuc|j biolcnce toptteo tlje mmm. 
 
 D knife 
 
1 
 
 38 1 he Engliiri Voyages,Nauigations, Prince Edward. 
 
 kmfe from Ijim, tljat Ije butt bimfelfe tljeretoitb on tlje fo?eljeao , ano iirittteDtaclp tbjuB tlje fame 
 into tlje bellp of tbe meuenger ano (Irikcr,ano fltto bim, 
 
 •£be p?inccs feruants being in tlje nejcc cljamber not farre off.fjearing tlje bulling, came toitrj 
 grest Ijaffe running in, ano finning tlje meflengcr Iping DeaD in tlje floo je, one of them tookc Dp a 
 Gooie.anDbcat out bis urines: tobcreat tlje prince toas tojotb fo? tfjat Ijeffrofee aDeaDman.ano 
 one tljat toas killeD before* 
 
 15 tu tlje rumour of tljis accioent, as it ixias 8range, fo it toent foone tbojotoout all tljeCourt, 
 ano from ttore among tlje common people, fo? tobtclj tbep toere berp beaup, ano greatlp oifcou' 
 rageo, "Co Ijim camealfa tbcCaptaine of tlje temple, anobjougljt bim a cofflpauopjecious 
 Btaike againfl poifon , leaff tlje Dentate of tlje knife ujoulo penetrate tfjeliuelp blooo , ano in bla« 
 tm'ngtoife fapo Dnto bim : trio 3j not tell pouriSjace before of tlje Deceit ano fubtiJtpoftbis 
 people *: jftottoitbffanDing , fapo be , let pour ©jacetakea gooD beart, pouftjnllnot Die of this 
 toouno,mp life fo \ pours. T3ut flraigbt toap tbe gmrgions ano phpGcians toere fent foj.ano tlje 
 prince toas D?cfleo, anD toitbin feto Dapes after.tbe toounD began to putti6e,ano tlje fieuj to looke 
 DeaD anB blackeitobetupon tbep tljat toere about tbe p jince began to mutter among tbemfelui*, 
 anD toere Dcrp fnD ano beaup. 
 
 cailjtclj tljmg be bmtfelf perccitiingjf at'D Dnto tfjemitobp mutter pou tbus among pour feluesfc 
 toljat fee pou in me,can 31 not be bealeo'rtellme tlje truetb,be pc not aftapo. OHbcreuponone fapo 
 Dnto Ijim, ano it like pour <33?acepou map be bealeD, toemiffruff not, but pec it toill be Derp pain* 
 full fo? pou to fuffer, S^ap fuffering (fapo be againe) reflo?e bealtb *: pea faptlj tlje other,onpaine 
 of lofing mp beao, 'Sben fapo tlje prince, 31 commit mp felfe Ditto pou , Doe toitb me tobat pott 
 tljinke goon, 
 
 Cljen fapo one of tljelgbpueians , is tbere anp of pour gobies in tobom pour (Sjacc repofetfj 
 
 fpectal enrtt \ to tobom tlje prince anftoerco gea, naming certeine of tlje j^oblc men tbat Booo a- 
 
 «0i9 tojti Ed- bout Ijim, ^ben fapo tbeMjpScian to tlje ttoo, tobom tbe prince fittt nameD, tbe JlojD Edmund, 
 
 nund i»as tlje an0 t { je i p i h n Voifie, Sno Doe pou alfofaithfullploue pour JLo?D annotate *; COljo anftoc= 
 
 jwn« ms jo- r£jj 'fxtfigjti tmooubtcDlp, "Cben faptb be,take pott atoap tljis gentletooman ano laop (meaning 
 
 bis toife) anD let bee not fee Ijer Io?D anD fjuf banD,tiIl fttclj time as 31 toill pou tljereunto. ffiHberc* 
 
 upon t!jeptookeberfromtljepn'ncesp?efence, crpingout,annto?tngingberbanDS. Cbenfapo 
 
 tljep Dnto ber.Ke pou conKnteDgooDiaDp 9 ^aDame,it is better tljat one toomanfboulDtoeepe 
 
 a little toljile, tben tljat all tlje reataie of England fljottlo toeepe a great feafon, 
 
 ^Ijenon tljemajroto tljep cutout all tlje oeao anDinuenimeo fleuj out of tbepjinces arme,ani> 
 t^jeto it from tljem, ano fapD Dnto bim : ^oto cljeerrtb pour <$?ace, toe p?omife ?ju toitljin tijefe 
 fifteene Dapes pou fballujeto pour felfe abjoaD (tf <&dd permit) Dpon pour bojfebaclie, tobole ano 
 toell aei eucr pou toere* SnD accojoing to tlje pjomife Ije maDe tbe p?ince,it came to pafle,to tljeno 
 little comfort emD aomirationof all bis fubicctsf, 
 
 CQben tbe great gjouiDan bcaro hereof, ano tljat fye pjince toas pet aliue , U coulD fcarfelp 
 telceue tljcfame, ano fencing Dnto ljtmtb?ec of ljts|2oble3 anD Pjinces, ercufcD bimfelfebg 
 tljem, caUing^isgoD to toitneffetbattljefametoaSDoneneitljerbpljimnojbisconfent. Z33ljtc& 
 ponces ano meffengers SanDing aloofe off from tlje kings tonne, too?fijipping bim, fell flat »pon 
 tlje grcuno ■: pou (fapD tlje prince) Do rcuerence me,but pet pou loue me not.'But tbep DnDerflooo 
 Ijimnot.becaufe be fpake inCnojliujDnto tbem,Qieaking b? an3Interpjeter : neucrtbeleffebebo* 
 nattrablp entertaineD tbem, ano fent tbem atoap inpeace* 
 
 'Cbustofjcn pjtnce Edward bao beeneeigljtcenemonetbJitnAcra, Ije tookeujtpptng about 
 tlje Affumption of out Lady, as toe call it,retttrning tjojnetoarD,atu> after feuen toeefeesbe arri* 
 ucs in Sicilia at Trapes, anD from tfjence trauaileDtbo?oto tlje miDDes of Apulia, till Ije came to 
 Rome ; to!jcrc Ije toas of tbeipope bono?ablp cntertaineD. 
 
 5from tljence be cameinto France, tobofe fame anD noble pjototue toas tljeremttcb bjuteo a» 
 mong tlje common people, anDenuicDoftbejfrobilitp, e^eciallpoftljeearleof Chalons, toljo 
 tljougbt to Ijaue intrappeobim ano bit companp , as map appeare in tlje o?p : but prince Ed- 
 ward continueo foo?tlj Ijisiournep to Paris , anD toas tbere oftbejfrencb king bonourablpentcr< 
 taineD : anD after certaine Dapes be toent tbence into Gafcoine, toljere be tarieo till tbat be bearo 
 of tbeocatb of tlje fcing bis fatljer, at toljieij time be came borne , ano toas crotoneo king of Eng. 
 land,in tlje pere of our £o?o 1 274, 
 
 The trauaile of^ohert Turneham. 
 
 ^ObertusTurnehamFrancifcanus.Theologiarprofefforinfignis, Lynnscelebrilreno- 
 ^rumadripas Ifidisemporio, collegio fuorum fratrum magnifice prjefuit. Edwardus 
 ^Princeps, cognomento Longus , Henricitertijfilius, bellicam cxpeditionem contra 
 
 Saracenos 
 
 ' 
 
Anthony < Bec\. Traffiques,and D ifcoueries. 
 
 Saractnos Aflyriam incolcntes, annoDom. 1268. parabat. Ad quam profediontm quarf-.tus 
 quoque Orator vchemens, qui plcbis in caufa religionis auimos excitaret, Turnchamus prin- 
 cipivifusveldignifTimuseft, quimunushoc obiret. Sictanquamfigniferconliitutus Aflyri- 
 os vna cum Anglico cxercitu penjc , ac luum non linelaudc priilmcorHcuim. Ciaruicanno 
 felutiferi partus, 1 280, variacomponens, fub codcm Edwardo cius nominisprimopoltCon- 
 queftum. 
 
 The fame in Englifh . 
 
 Robert Turneh am francifcau, a notablepntfiffourofDittiimp, toast tottfj great tu'gnitp 
 ^tojoftlje CoIItcgeof (jis SDjmcr in tfjc t"f mous opart totenc of Linne , fmiate toponthe 
 titter of Ifis in Norfblkc. IPjince Edward furnatneD the Long,thc Tonne of Henry tlje thtrt^pje* 
 parcDhts toarltfce Dopage agatnff tlje&aratenstitoelling in Syria, tnthepecreof ottriojo, 
 1 268, jfcjthetohich erpeoitionfome rarnefl p?cacl;er uufip fougI;t tofiir top the peoples mtnDis 
 (tube caufe ofrelt'gton, antitij!isTurnehamfecmctitot()ell5?titceinoftnjo?tI)j'topetfo?me that 
 office : fo that be Icing appointee as it tocre a rtanDcro bearer, luetic into Syria totth the englifb 
 armp, anBperfomicDlitsDttetptoithgooDcommeneatlon, fcpcflcttrtffjcDin thepccreofChrilt 
 1 2S0, fcttiKg foo jtlj outers toojRg Under the fame Ring Edward the ftrff of that name after tlje 
 Coiiqtteff* 
 
 Anthony 'Beck bifhop of Dun/mew as elected Patriarch ofHieru- 
 falcm, and confirmed by Clement the fife bifhop oiRome ; in the 34yere 
 ofEdrrard the firft, Lclandtu, 
 
 NconiusBeckusepilcopusDunelmeniis fuic, regnanteEdwardoeiusap- 
 pcllationisabaducntuGulielmimagniin Angliamprimo. Eleclusefhn 
 I patriarcham Hierofolomicanum anno Chriiti 1 3 05, & a Clemence quin- 
 to Rom. pontifice confirmatus. Splcndidus erat fupra quam decebat epif- 
 copum, Conftruxit caftrum Achelandse.quatuor pafllium millibus a Du- 
 nelmoin ripa Vnduglefli fluuioli, Eltefhamum etiam vicinumGrenoui- 
 co,ac Somaridunum caftellum Lindianx prouincia?, sedificijs illuftria red- 
 didit. Deinde & palatium Londini erexit,quod nunc Ed wardi principis eft.Tandem ex fplen- 
 dore nimio,& potentia conflauit iibi apud nobilitatem ingentem inuidiam,quam viuens nun- 
 quam extinguere potuit. Sed de Antonio,& eius i'criptis fufiiis in opere.cuius titulus de ponti- 
 ficibusBritanniciSjdicemus. Objjt Antoniusannoanatoinfalucem noflram Chnfto, 1310, 
 Edwardo fecundoregnante. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 ANthony Beck toag bifhop of Durifme in tlje tinie of the rcigne of Edward the ftrff of ttjat 
 name after the inuafion of William the great into England, %[){$ Anthony toasclccceo 
 patriarch of Ierufalem in the peere of ourlojo ©00 1 305, ann toas confirmcD bp Clement the 
 ftft,pope of Rome. Jpetoas of greater magnificence then fo? tlje calling of a bifhop, ^)e fottnocB 
 alfo tlje cafile of Achelandfoure miles fromDurifme,on tlje lljoje of apjecpritter calico Vndu- 
 glefme. C;e much beauttfieo toith neto bttiHrings Ehham mannoj being nerctmto Greenwich, 
 euotljecallleSomanduneiiutjecountpof Lindfey. anolaUlp, be built neto out of the grouno 
 tbepalaccofLondon.tobich noto is intrjepoffeffion ofpnnce Edward. 3nfomuch,that at length, 
 thjotigb his otter great magnificence ano potocr hep?ocureti to Ijimfelfe great etmp among the 
 nobil:tp,tohtcb he coulo not afftoage tutring the reft of his life, 15 ut of this Anthony 9 of his tt?i= 
 tings toe tottl fpeafec mo?e at large in our boose intttleo of the TBu'tain btujops. 'SLbiB Anthony 
 finiujetj his life in tlje pere of our top Qpob i 3 1 o,ano in tlje retgne of lung Ed ward the feconrj. 
 
 Incipit Itinerarium fratris OJora/fratrum minorum de mirabili, 
 bus Orientalium Tartarorum. 
 
 Icet multa & varia de ritibus & conditionibus huius tnundi enarrentur a mul» 
 tis.ego tamen frater Odoricus de foro Iulij de portu Vahonis.volens ad partes 
 infidelium transfrerare, magna & mira vidi & audiui,qu£e poflum veraciter e- 
 narrare.Primo traniiens Marc Maius me de Pera iuxta CoHaminopolim tran- 
 ftuliTrapefundam,qua;antiquitusPontusvocabatur: Hie terra bene fituata 
 eftjficutfcalaqujedamPerfaium&Medorum, &eorumqui func vltra mare, 
 terra vidi mirabile quod mihiplacuit, fcilicet homincm ducentem Tecum plufquam 
 perdicum, Homo atuemper tetramgradicbatur, perdiccs vcro volabant per aera, 
 
 Da " , quas 
 
 In hac 
 4000 
 
 39 
 
 1305, 
 
^.o 
 
 The Englifti Voyages-.Nauigations., Odor km. 
 
 Arnwniamaier, 
 
 Taum ciuitas 
 I'ccfiar, 
 
 Gefi. 
 
 Conn*. 
 
 quasipfeadquoddam cartrumdiduiiiZauena duxic,diftans a Trapcfunda per tres dietas* 
 Hx perdices illius conditionis erant,cum homo illc quiefcere voluir, omnes fe aptabant circa 
 ipfum, more pullorumgallinarum,& per ilium modumduxiteas vfque ad Trapefundam, & 
 vfque adpafatiumimperatoris,quideiilis fumplitquot voluit, & refiduas virille ad locum vn- 
 devenerat,adduxir. Inhaociuitaierequiefcit corpus Athanafij fupra portam ciuitatis, Vltra 
 tranfiui vfque in Armeniam maiorem, ad quandam ciuitateni qux vocatur Azaron , qux erat 
 multum opulentaantiquktis, fed Tartar! earn pro magnapartedeftruxerunt: Ineacratabun- 
 dancia pani^ & carnium, & aliorum omniu vi&ualium pre terquam vini & fruduum. Hxc ciui- 
 tas eft multu frigida , & de ilia dicitur quod altius firuatur quam aliqua alia in hoc mundo: has 
 opcimas habet aquas , nam vena; illarum aquarum oriri videntur & icaturire a fluminc magno 
 Euphrate quod per vnam died ab ciuitate diftatthxc ciuitas viamedia eundi Taurifium.Vltra 
 progreffusfuniadquendammontemdi&umSobiflacalo. In ilia contracaeltmons illc fupra 
 quern requiefcitarcaNoe; in quern libencerafcendiflem, fi focierasmeameprxfiolarevolu- 
 ifiet: A gence tamen illius contratx dicitur quod nullus vnquam ilium montem afcendere po- 
 tuit, quia vt dicitur, hoc Deo altiffimo non placet. Vltra veni Tauris ciuitatem magnam & rc- 
 galem,qux antiquuus Sufis didtaeft. Hxc ciuitas meliorpromercenarijsreputatur 3 quam ali- 
 qua qux fit in mundo, nam nihil comeftibile, nee aliquid quod ad mercimonium pertiner, 
 reperitur, quodillic in bona copia non habetur. Hxc ciuitas multum bene fituatur:Narri 
 ad earn quad totus mundus pro mercimonijs confluere poteft : Dc hac dicunt Chriftiani 
 qui ibi funt , quod credunc Imperatorem plus de ea accipere, quam Rcgem Fiancia? dc 
 toto regno ftio: Iuxta iltam ciuitatem eft mons falinus pribens lal ciuitati,& de illo fale 
 vnufquifque tantum accipit, quantum vult , nihil foluendo alicui. In hac emirate multi 
 Chriftiani de cmni natione commorantur, quibus Saraceniin omnibus dominantur. Vl- 
 tra iui per decern dietas ad ciuitatem diclam Soldania, in qua imperator Perfarum tem- 
 pore xftiuocoinmoratur; Inhycme autem vadit ad ciuitatem aliam fitam fupra mare vo- 
 catam Bakuc : Prxdidta autem ciuitas magna eft, & fiigida , in fe habens bonas aquas, 
 ad quam multa mercimonia portantur, Vkracum quadam focietateCarauanorum iui ver- 
 ftis Indiam fuperiorem , ad quam dum tranfitTem per multas dietas pcrueni ad ciuitatem 
 trium Magorum qua: vocatur Caftan, qua; regia ciuitas eft & nobihs , nifi quod Tarta- 
 ri earn in magna parte deftruxerunt : hare abundat pane , vino, & alijs bonis multis, Ab 
 hac ciuitate vfque Ierufalem quo Magi iuerunc miraculofe ,funt L. dietas , & multa mira- 
 bilia funt in hac ciuitate qua; pertranfeo . Inde recefli ad quandam ciuitatem vocatam 
 Geft a qua diftat mate arenofum per vnam dietam , quod mire eft mitabile & pericu- 
 lcfum : In hac ciuitate eft abundantia omnium victualtum, & ficuum potiflime, & vua- 
 rum ficcarum & viridium , plus vt ctedp quam in alia parte mundi. Hxc eft tertia ci- 
 uitas melior quam Rex Perfarum habet in toto regno fuo : De ilia dicunt Saraceni, 
 quod in ea nullus Chriftianus vltra annum viuere vnquam poteft* Vltra per multas die- 
 tas iui ad quandam ciuitatem diclam Comutn qua; maxima ciuitas antiquitiis erat, cuius 
 ambitus erat fete L. miliaria , qua; magna damna intulit Romanis antiquis temporibus. 
 Ineafuntpalatiaintegra non habitata, tamen multis victualibus abundat, Vltra per multas 
 terras rranfiens,perucni 3d terramlob nomine Hus qux omnium vicmaliumpIenitTima eft, 
 & pulcherrime fituata ; iuxta earn funtmontesin quibus funt pafcua multa pro animalibusj 
 Ibi manna in magna copia reperitur. Ibi habentur quatuor perdices pro minori, quam pro 
 vno grolTo : In ca funt pulchcrrimi fencs , vbi homines nent & filant, & fxmin£ non : hxc 
 teira correfpondet Chaldex verfus tranfmontana. 
 
 SuitJDia, 
 
 VelCafsibia. 
 
 Demoribus Chalda:orum 3 & dc India. 
 
 INde iui in Chaldxam qux eft regnum magnum , & tranfiui iuxta turrim Babel: HxC 
 regio fuam linguam propriam habet , & ibi funt homines formofi, & fceminx turpes: 
 & homines illius regionis vadunc compticrinibus, & ornati, vt hie mulieres, & portant 
 "fuper capita fua fafciola aurea cum gemmis , & rnargaritis ; mulieres Vero folum vnam 
 vilem camifiam attingentem vfque ad genua , habentem manicas longas & largas, quz 
 vfque ad terram protenduntur : Et vadunt difcalciatx portantes Serablans vfque ad ter- 
 rain 4 Triceas non portant, fedcapilli earum c'ircumquaque difperguritur : & alia multa & 
 mirabilia funt ibidem. Inde veni in Indiam qux infra terram eft, quam Tartari multum de- 
 ftruxerunt ; & in ea vt plurimum homines tantum dactilos comedunt , quarum xlij, 
 'librx habentur pro minori quam pro vno grofib . Vltra tranfiui per multas dietas ad 
 
 mare 
 
Oaoricm, Traffiques and Difcoueries. 4.1 
 
 mare oceanum, & prima terra, ad quam applicui,vocaturOriTies, quxcH optime muraca , & ormus. 
 roulta mercimonia & diuicix in ea funt;in ca tantus calor eft,quod virilia hommum exeunt cor- 
 pus, & defcendunt vfque ad mediam tibiarum : ideo homines illius tern volcntes viuere, fa- 
 ciunt vn£tionem,& vngunt ilia, & fie vn£la in quibufdam facculis ponunt circa fe cingentes, 
 &alitermorerentur: Inhac terra homines vtunturnauigio quaevocatur Iaie, lutum fparto. 
 Egoautemafcendi in vnum illorum in quo nullum ferrum potui reperire , &in viginn o<5to 
 dietis petueni ad ciuitatem Thana, in qua pro fide Chrifli quatuor de fratribus noftris martyri- Tbana. 
 zati funt. Hxc terra efl optime fituata,& in ea abundantia panis & vini,& aliorum vicvtualium. 
 Hate terra antiquitus fuit valde magna, & fuit regis Pori, qui cum rege Alexandra piaeliu mag- 
 num commifit. Huius terra: populus Idolatrat, adorans ignem, ferpentes, & arbores : Et iftam 
 terram regunt Saraceni,qui violenter earn acceperunt , & fubiacent imperio regis Daldili. Ibi 
 lunt diuerfa genera beftiai ura, leones nigri in maxima quantitate : Sunt & ibi funise, gatimay- 
 mones, & noftus magna: ficut hichabcnturcolumba:; ibi mures magni (unt, ficut lunt hie 
 fcepi, & ideo canes capiunc ibi mures, quia murelegi non valent. Ad hacc, In ilia terra quihbet 
 homo habet ante domum fuam vnum pedem fafciculorum.ita magnum ficut eilet vna colum- 
 na, & pes ille non deficcar-ur, dummodo adhibeatur fibi aqua. Mulca: nouitatcs lunt ibi, quas 
 pulcherrimum eilet audirc, 
 
 De martyrio fratrum. 
 
 MArtyrium autem quatuor fratrum noftrornm in ilia ciuitatc Thana fuit per iftu modum; 
 dum prasdicVti fratres fuerant in Ormes , fecerunt pactum cum vna naui,vt nauigarent 
 vfque Polumbrum, & violenter deportati funt vfque Thanam vbi funt 1 5, doinus Chriftiano- 
 rum > q:iiNeftorianifunt& Schilmatici.&cum lllic eflent, hofpitati funt in domo cuiufdarri 
 illorum, contigit dum ibimanerent litem oriri inter virumdomus,&vxoremeius, quamfero 
 vir fortiter verberauit,quae fuoKadi, r, Epifcopo conqueftaeft ; a qua interrogauit Kadi,vtrum. 
 hoc probari pofler ? quae dixit, quod fie ; quia 4. Franchi. I . viri religiofi erant in domo hoc vi- 
 dentes, ipios interrogate, qui dicenc vobis vei itatem : Muliere autcm fie dicente,Ecce vniis de 
 Alexandria prglens rogauit Kadi vt mitceret pro cis, dicens eos efle homines maxima: fcientia; 
 & fcripturas bene icire, & ideo dixit bonum efle cum illis de fide difputare : Qui mifit pro illis, 
 & addutli funt ifti quatuor, quorum nomina funt frater deTolentino de Marchia, frater Jaco- 
 bus dc Padua, frater Demettius Laicus,Petrus deSenis. Dimiflb autem fratre Petro, vt res 
 fuas cnltodiret,ad Kadi perrexerunt,qui ccepit cum illis deride nofira difputaie: dicens Cbri- 
 ftum tantum hominem efle & non Deum. E contra frater Thomas rationibus & exemplis 
 Chriltum verum Deum & hominem efle euidentcr oftendit, & in tantum confudit Kadi , & 
 infidelesquicumeotenuerunt, quodnonhabuerunt quid rarionabilitercontradicererTunc 
 vidensKadi fe fie confufum, incepit clamare fie; Et quid dicis de Machometo? Rcfpondit 
 frater Thomas: Si tibiprobauimusChnftum verum Deum & hominem efle,qui legem po- 
 fuit inter homines, et Machometusecontrariovenit, & legem contrariam docuit, (ifapiens 
 fis optime fcire potetis,quid de eo dicendum fit. Iterum Kadi & alij Saraceniclamabant , Et tu 
 quid iteiumde Machometo dicis? Tunc frater T. refpondit: vosomnes viderepoteHis,quid 
 dico deeo t Turn ex quo vultisquod plane loquardeeo,dico,qu6dMachomecusvefter fi- 
 liusperditionis efl, & in inferno cum Diabolopatrefuo. Et non folum ipfe, led omnes ibi 
 crunt qui tenentlegemhanc, quia ipfatota peftiferaeft, & falfa,& contra Deum , & contra 
 falutem animae, Hocaudientes Sataceni , cceperunt clamare, moriatur,moriaturi!le, qui fie 
 contra Prophetamlocutus eft* Tunc acceperunt fratres & in fole vrente flare permiferunr, 
 vt ex calore folis adufti,dira morteinterirent. Tantus enim eft calor folis ibi, quod fi homo 
 in eo per fpacium vnius miflae perfifteret ,moreretur : fratres tamen illi fani & hilares a tertia 
 vfque ad nonam laudantes & glorificantes dominum in ardore folis permanfetunt , quod vi- 
 dentcsSaraceni ftupefafti ad fratres venerunt,& dixerunt, volumusignem accenderecopio- 
 fum,& in ilium vos proijeere, & fi fides veftra fit vt dicitis, ignis non poterit voscomburete: 
 fi autem vos combuflerit,patebit quod fides veftra nulla fit. Refponderuntfratres;parati fumus 
 pro fide noftra ignem,carcerem,& vincula,& omnium tormentorum genera tolerate : verun- 
 tamen fcire debctis, quod fi ignis poteftatem habeat comburendi nos hoc non eric propter fi- 
 demnoltram, fed propter peccata noftra: fides enim noftra perfecliffima & venffima eft, & 
 non eft alia in mundo in qua animae hominum poflunt faluae fieri. Dum autcm ordinarecur 
 quod fratres coburerentur, rumor infonuit per tota ciuitatem, de qua omnes fenes,& iuuenes, 
 viri&mu!ieres,quiirepoterant,accurreruntad illudlpeftaculumintuendum, Fratres autem 
 ducli fuerunt ad plateam ciuitatis, vbi accenfus eft ignis copiofus, in quern frater Thomas 
 voluit fe proijeere , fed quidam Saracenus cepic eum per caputium , & retraxit , dicens; 
 
 D 3 Non 
 
 ft. 
 
+* 
 
 The English Voyages,Nauigations, Odorlcm. 
 
 Nonvadastucumiisienex, quia carmen ahquod vel expenmenrum haberepoffesfuperte, 
 quare ce ignis non pofiet lsedete, fed alium ire in ignem permictas. Tunc 4Saraceni iumentes 
 frattem Iacobum, eum ill ignem proijcere volebant ; quibus ille, permittatis me, quia libeiuer 
 pro fide meaignemintrabo: CuiSaraceninon adquieicenreseum violenter in ignem proie- 
 cerunt : ignis autem ita accenfus erat, quod nullus eurn videre poterat,vocem tamcn cius audi- 
 erunt, inuocancem Temper nomenvirginisgloriofz; Igne autem totaliter confumptoftetit 
 fracer Iacobus fuper prunas illarfus, & le;tus,manibus in modum crucis eleuatis,in ccelu refpici- 
 ens,& Deu laudans & glorificans,quihcdeclaraiet fidem fuam: nihil autem in eonec pannus, 
 nee capillus lajfus per ignem inuentus eft ; Quod videns populus vnanimitercondamare cce- 
 pit.fandi funt,(an6ti lunt.uefas eft offenderc eos,modo videmus quia fides eorum bona& fan- 
 da eft. runcclamareccepirKadi : fandus non eft ille , quia combuftus non efl, quia tunica 
 quatn portat eft de lana terra? Habraae, & ideo nudus exfpolietur, & in ignem proijciatur,& vi- 
 debitur fi comburetur vel non. Tunc Saraccni pelTimi ad pra;ceptiim Kadi ignem in duplo ma- 
 gisquampriusaccenderunt,& fratrem Iacobum nudantes, corpus fuum abluerunt, &o!eoa- 
 bundantiltime vnxerunt , iniuper & oleum maximum in ftruem lignorum ex quibus ignis be- 
 ret, fuderunt,&!gneaccenfo fratrem in ipfumproiecerunt, Frater autem Thomas, & hater 
 Demetrius extra populum in loco leparatoflexisgenibus orantescumlachrymis deuotioni 
 fe dederunt, Frater autem Iacobus iteium ignem cxiuit illzlus ficut priusfecerat : quod videns 
 omnis populus damare ccepit.peccauim eft,peccatum elt,offendere eos,quia fandi funt. Hoc 
 autem tantum miraculum videns Mclich, i. pottftas ciuitatis, vocauit ad fe fratrem Iacobum, 
 & fecit eum ponere indumenta fuaj&dixitjvidete fratres, Ite cum gratia Dei,quia nullum ma- 
 lum paticmini a nobis,modobene videmus vos fandos efle,& fidem veftram bonam ac vcram 
 efle ; & ideo confulimus vobis,vc de ifta terra exeatis,quam citiiis poteritis,quia Kadi pro pefle 
 fuo vobis nocere cutabit, quia fie confudiftis eum : Hora autem tunc erat quail c ompletonj, & 
 dixeruncillidepopulo,attoniti,admirati, &ftupefadi, tot &tanta nilrabilia vidimus ab iftis 
 hominibus,quod nefcimus quid tcnere & obleruare debemus.Melich vero fecit duci illos tres 
 fratres vltra vnum paruum brachium matis in quendam Burgum modicum ab ilia ciuitate di- 
 ftantem : ad quern etiam illeincuiusiamdomofueranthoipitatiaflbciauitcos, vbi indomo 
 cuiufdam idolatti recepti funt. Diim hare agerentur,Kadi iuit ad Melich,dicens quid facimus? 
 Lex Machometi deftruda eft,veruntam.nhoc fcire debcs,quod Machomet precepit in fuo Al- 
 corano,quod fi quis vnumChriftianuminterficerer, tantumereretur, ac fiinMechaadipfum 
 peregrinaretur, Eft enim Alkorar.us lex Saracenorum ficut Euangelium, Media vero eft lo- 
 cus vbi iacet Machomet. Quern locum ita vifitantSaraceni,ficut ChriftianifepuIchrumChri- 
 fti, Tunc Meiichrefpondet.vade&fac ficut vis: quo dicloftatiiii Kadi acccpitquatuor homi- 
 nes armatos vtirent,& illos fratres interficeient.quicum aquam tranfijflent,fada eft ncx,& illo 
 feroeosnoninuenerunt, ftatim Melich omnes Lhriftianos in ciuitate capi fecit, &incarcera- 
 uit , media autem node fraties furrexerunt dicere matutinum , quos illi Saia<.eni qui niiffi fue- 
 rant,inuenerunc ; & extra burgum,fiibquadamarboreadduxerunt,dixemnteis. Sciatis fratres 
 nos mandatum habere a Kadi & Melich iiuerficere vos, quod tanien faciemus inuiti, quia vos 
 eftis boni homines & fandi, fed non audemus alner facere ; quia fi iulla fua non perficeremus, 
 gcnoscumliberisnoftris &vxoribus moreremur.Tunc fratres refponderunt, vos qui hue vc- 
 niftis,& tale mandatum recepiftis,vt per mortem tcmporalem vitamxtemam adipiicamur, 
 quod vobis iniundum eft pcrficite; quia proamoredomini noftri Iefu Chrifti,quipro nobis 
 crucifigi & mori dignatuseft, & pro fide noftra, parati fumus omnia cormenca , Sc etiam mor- 
 tem libentcrfuftinere.Chriftianus autem qui fratres comitabatur,multum cum illisquaruor 
 armatis altercatus eft dicens,quod fi gladium haberet,vel eos a nece tarn fandorum hominum 
 impediret.velipfecumeisinterfeduseffet. Tunc annatifecerunt fratres fcexfpoliare,& fra- 
 ter Thomas primus iundis manibus in modu crucis genu fledtens capitis abfciflione fufcepit: 
 Fratrem vero Iacobum vnus percufllt in capi te,& eum vfque ad oculos fcidir,& alio idu totum 
 caout abfeidit. Frater autem Demetrius priino percuflus eft cum gladio in pedtore, & iecundd 
 caput fuum abfeiflum eft : Statim vt fratres fuum martyrium compleucrunt, aer ita lucidus ef- 
 fedus eft, quod omnes admirati funt,&lunamaximamclaritatemoftendit.Statimquafifubi- 
 to tanta tonitrua, & fulgura, & corufcationes, & obfeuritas fiebant,quod omnes mori credide- 
 runt:Nauis etiam ilia qua; illos debuerat deportafle fubmerfaeft cum omnibus quannfeha- 
 buitj ita quod nunquam de ilia poftea aliquid fcitum eft. Fado mane mifit Kadi pro rebus fra- 
 trum prxdidorum noftrorumj& tunc inuentus eft frater Petrus de Senis quartus focius fra- 
 trum prxdidtorum, quemadKadiduxerunt : CuiKadi,& ali) Saraceni maxima promittentes 
 perfuaferunt quod fidem fuam renueret, & legem machometi confiteretur,& teneret. Fra- 
 ter autem Petrus de illis truffabat,eos multum deridendo , quern de mane vfque ad meridiem 
 
 diuerfis 
 
 *""} 
 
Octorkus. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 4-3 
 
 diuerlispsenarumac tormentorumgenenbusaflixcruntipfo Temper coniiantiffime in fide,& in 
 Dei laudibus perfiftente,&fidem illorum Machometi deridente & deftruente.Videntes autem 
 Saraceni eum no pofTe a fuo propofito cuelli, cum fuper quandam at bore fufpenderun t,in qua 
 de nona vf'q; ad noctem viuus & illadus pependit : node vero iplum de at bote fumpfcrunt, & 
 videntes ilium l2cu,viuum,&il!a:fum per medium fuum corpus diuiferunt^ianeautefado ni- 
 hil decorporc ems inuencum eft, vni tamen perfonae fide digns reuelatum e(t,quod Dcus cor- 
 pus eius cccultauerat reuelandu in certo tempore, quando Deoplacuent Sandorum corpora 
 manifeftare. Vt autem Deusoftenderet animas fuorum rnartyrumiarninccdiscorifift.ere,& 
 congaudere cum Deo & Angelis & alijs Sanctis eius, die fequenti poft martyrw fratru mpra?- 
 difloru Melich dormitioni le dedit, & ecce aparucrunt fibi ifti fratres gloriofi, & ficut SoI,luci- 
 di.fingulos enfes tenentes in manibus, ckfiipra eum eos He vibrantes, quod vt fi eum perfodere 
 ac diuidere vellent:qui excitatus horribiliter exclamauit, fic,quod totafamiliaterruit: quae fibi 
 accurrensquaefiuit,quid fibiefiet ?quibusille,Illi RabanFranchi quos interna iuffi,veneri}nt 
 hue ad me cum enfibus, volenr.es me interficere ♦ Et ftatim Melich mifit proKadi,refercns fibi 
 vifione,&petens confilimn,&confolationem,quia timuit per eos finaliterinterire. Tunc Kadi 
 fibiconfuliiit,vtilhs maximas eleemolynasfaceret, fide manibus interfedoru euadcre vellet, 
 TuncmifitproChriftianisquosin carcercintrudipraxeperat: Aquibuscuin ad eum veniffent 
 lndulgentiam petijt pro facto iuo,dicensfeeiTe amodofbeiumeoru, & confratrem :Pra?cepit 
 autem & legem ftatuit, quod pro tempore fuo, fiquisaliqueChriitianuofrenderet,ftatim mo- 
 reretur,& lie omnes ill3:fos,& indemnes abire permifit. Pro illis aute quatuor fratribus interfe- 
 ctis quatuor mof quetasf.i.) Ecclefias axlificari fecit.quas per Sacerdotes Saracenorum inhabi- 
 tan fecit, Audiens auceni imperator Dodfi iftos tres fratres talem fententiam fubijfTe,mific pro 
 Melich, vt vinctus ad eum duceretur, A quo cum adduCtus eflet,qua?fiuit imperator , quare ita 
 crudeliterillos fratres iufferatincernci,refpondit, quia fubuertere volebant legem noftram, & 
 malum & blafphemiam de propheta noltro dicebant:& imperator ad eum; Ocrudeliffime ca- 
 nis,riam videres quodDeus omnipotens bis ab igne eos liberauerit,quo modo aufus fuifti illis 
 mortem inferre tarn crudelem.Etedictafententia.ipfumMelichcumtorafuafamilia per me- 
 dium fcindi fecit , ficut ipfe talem mortem fratri inflixerat, Kadi veio audiens, de terra ilia, & 
 etiamdeimperatorisillius dominioclamfugit,& hceuafit. 
 
 De miraculis quatuor fratrum occiforum. 
 
 ESt autem conliietudo in terra ilia, quod corpora mortua nontradunturfepulturas, fed in 
 campisdimittuntiirj&excaloreSoliscitorefoluunrurj&ficconfumunturrCorporaautem 
 triu fratru prediftorum per t^.. diesillic tnferuoreSolisiacuerunt,&itarecentia&redolentia 
 itiuenta fuerunt ficut ilia die quando martirizati eranf.quod videntes Chriftiani qui in ilia terra 
 habitabant, pra:di£ta corpora ceperunt, & honorifice fepelierunt. Ego autem Odoncus audi- 
 ens factum & martyrium illoru fratrum, iui illuc, & corpora eoru effodi,& ofTa omnia mecum 
 accepi,& in pulchnstovvallijs colligaui, & inlndiamfuperiorem ad vnu locu fratrum noftroru 
 ea deportaui, habens mecum focium,& vnu famulu.Cum aute eflemus in uia.hofpitabamus in 
 domocuiufdahofpitarij,&ipfaoflacapitimeofuppofui,&dormiui:Et diimdornurem domus 
 illaaSaracenisfubit6accendebatur,vtmecumdomocomburerent.Domoat!teficaccenfa,fo- 
 cius meus & famulus de domo exierunt,& me folum cum offibus dimiferunt,qui videns ignem 
 fupra me,offa accepi & cum illis in angulos domus recollegi, Tres autem anguli domus ftatim 
 cobufH fuerunt,angulo in quo fteti cu offibus ialuorcmanente.-Supra me aute ignis fe tenuit in 
 moduaeris lucidi, nee defcenditquamdiuibiperfiftebam; quamcito aute cum offibus exiui, 
 ftatim tota pars ilia ficut alia: priores igne confumpta eft , & multa alia loca circumadiacentia 
 cobuftafunt.Aliud miraculu contigit,me cum offibus per mare proficiente ad ciuitate Polum- 
 bru vbi piper nafcitur abiidanter,quia nobis ventus totaliter defecit:quapropter vencrunt Ido- 
 latratadorantesDeosfuosproventoprofperojque tamen no obtinuerunt:Tunc Saraceni fuas 
 inuocationes,& adorationes laboriofe fecerut,fed nihil profeccrut;Et prasccptu eft mihi & (o- 
 cio meo vt orationes fundercmus Deo noftro:Et dixit re&or nauis in Armenico mihi,quod alij 
 no intelligcrent.-quod mfi poffemus ventu profperii aDeo noftro impetrare,noscum offibus in 
 mare proijceret:Tuncego & focius fccimusorationes.vouentes multas mifTasde beata virginc 
 celebrare,fic quod ventu placeret fibt nobis impetrare.Cum aute tepus tranfiret.& ventus non 
 veniret.accepivnude offibus, &dedifamulo,vt ad caput nauis ircr,& clam in mare proijeerec; 
 quo proiecto ftatim affuit ventus profperquinunquanobisdefecit,vfquequoperueniinusad 
 portii,meritisiftoru martyrucum falute. Deindeafcendimusalianauevtinlndiamluperiore 
 iremus; Et venimus ad quanda ciuitatem vocata Carchan in qua funt duo loca fratrum nolfro- 
 rum, & ibi reponere iftas reliquias volebamus. In naui autem ilia erant plus 700. mercatores 
 
 & alij 
 
r 
 
 44- 
 
 The Enghfli Voyages,Nauigations, Odoricws. 
 
 Polurtbrum ci. 
 uius. 
 Adorario bouis. 
 
 & alij : Nunc illi Idolatrse iftam confuetudinem habebant,quod Temper antequam ad portum 
 applicuerint,totam nauem perquirerent, fi ifli aliqua ofla mcrtuorum animalium inuenirent 
 qui repetta ftatim ia marc proijcerent,& per hot bonum portum attingere, & mortis periculu 
 euadere crederent.Cum autem frequenter perquirerent,& ilia ofla frequenter tan^erem Tem- 
 per oculidelufifuerunr, fie quod ilia non perpenderunt;& lie ad locum fratrum deportauimus 
 eum omni reuerentia, vbi in pace requiefcunt ; vbi etia inter idolatras Deus continue miracula 
 operatur.Cum enim aliquo morbo grauantur,in terra ilia vbi fratrcs paffi luntipfi vadunt,& de 
 
 terra vbi corpora fanguinolentaiacuerunifumuntquamabluunt.&ablutionembibunt &fic 
 
 ab inrirmitatibus fuis hberan tur. 
 
 Quo modohabetur Piper,& vbi nafcitur. 
 
 VT autem videacur quo modohabetur piper, kiendum quod inquodamimperioadquod 
 applicui ) nomine*Minibar,nafcitur,& in nulla parte mundi tantum,quantum ibi ; Nemus 
 enim in quo nafcitur, continet o<5todecim dietas,& in ipfonemorefuutduatciuitates vna no- 
 mine Flandrina, alia nomine Cyncilim : In Flandrina habitant Iudej aliqui & aliqui Chri-. 
 ftiani.inter quos ell bcllum frequenter,fed Chriftiani yincun t ludasos femper : In ifto nemore 
 habetur piper per iftum modum.Namprimo nafcitur in folijsolerum,qu£iuxtamagnas arbo- 
 res plantantur.licut nos ponimus vites; & producunt fru<5tum,ficut racemi noftri producunt v- 
 uas; led quando maturefcunt funtviridiscolcris, &fic vindemianturvt inter nos vindemiatur 
 vu£,& ponuntur grana ad lolem vt deficcentur : que_ deficcata reponuntnr in valis terreis,& fie 
 fit piper,& cuftoditur. In ifto aute nemore funtfluminamulta in quibusfuntCrocodilimulti, 
 & muki alij ferpentes funt in illo nemore, quos homines per ftupam & paleas comburunt ; & 
 fie ad colligendum piper fecure accedunt . A capite illius nemoris verfus meridiem eft ciuitas 
 Polumbrum in qua maxima mercimonia cuiufomque generis reperiuntur . Omnesautem 
 de tetra ilia bouem viuum ficut Deum fuum adoranc,quem 6. annis faciunt laborare,& infep- 
 timofaciunt ipfum quiefcere ab omni opere ; ponentes ipfuminloco folemni,&communi, & 
 dicentes ipfum efle animal fan<5tum. Hunc autem ritum obferuant : quolibet maue accipiunc 
 duaspeluesdeauro,vel deargento,&vnamfubmittuntvrinajbouis,& aliam ftcrcori,devrina 
 lauant fibi fatiem & oculos, & omnes y . fenl'us : de ftercore vero ponunt in vtroque oculo,po- 
 ftea liniunt fummitates genarum,& tertio pe6ms,& ex tunc dicunt fe fanftificatos pro toto die 
 ilIo:& licutfacitpopiluSjitsetiamfacitrex&regina. Iftieriam aliud idolum mortuumado- 
 rant,quod in medietate vna fuperior eft homo,& in alia eft bos,& lllud idolum dat eis refpon- 
 fa,& aliquotiens pro ftipendio petit fanguine,4o«virginiim : & ideo homines illius regionis ita 
 vouent filias fuas & filioi, ficut Chriftiani aliqui alicui religioni,vel fandto in ccelis.Et per iftum 
 modum immolant filios & filias, & mul ti homines per iftum ritum moriuntur ante idolum ll- 
 lud,& multa alia abominabilia facit populus iftc beftialis,& mu'.ta mirabilia vidi inter eos qui 
 noluihic inferere. Aliam confuetudinem viliffimam habet gens ilia : Nam quado homomo- 
 ritur, comburunt ipfum mortuum,& C\ vxore habet,ipfam comburunt viuam,quia dicunt quod 
 ipfa ibit in aratura, & cultura cum viro fuo in alio mundo : Si autem vxor ilia habeat liberos ex 
 viro fuo,poteft manere cum eis (\ velit fine verecundia & imprcperio, communiter tamen om- 
 nes praeligunt comburi cum marito ; fi autem vxor prarmoriatur viro, lex ilia non obligat vi- 
 rum,fed poteft alia vxorem ducere. Aliam confuetudinem habet gens ilia, quod famine ibi bi- 
 bunt vinum,& homines non: famina: etia faciunt fibi radi cilia,& fupercilia,& barbam,& ho- 
 mines non : & fie de multis aiijs vilibus contra naturam fexus eorum, Ab iflo regno iui decern 
 Mobarrcgnum dietasadaliud regnum diclum Mobar,quod habetinfemultasciuitates,&inillo requiefcitin 
 «!Maliaj>ot. vn aeccleiia corpus beati Thomas Apoftoli,& eft ccclefiailla plena idolis,& in circuituecdefia: 
 fimulCanoniciviuuntini^.domibusNeftorianijideft^maliChriftianij&fchifmatici* 
 
 De cjuodam idolo mirabili,& de quibufdam ritibus eorum. 
 
 IN hoc regno eft vnum Idolum mirabile,quod omnes Indireuerentur :& eftftatura hominis 
 ita magni,ficut nofterChriftophorus depi£tus,& eft totum de auro puriflimo & fplendidifli. 
 mo,& circa collum habet vnam chordulam fericam cum lapidibus pretiofifilmis 3 quoru aliquis 
 valet plus quam vnum regnum : Domus idoli eft tota de auro,lcilicet in tecvto,& pauimenco,& 
 fuperncie patietum interius & extenus. Ad illcd idolum peregrinantur Indi.ficut ncs ad S.Pe- 
 trum : Alij veniunt cum chorda ad collum, alij cum manibus retro ligatis, alij cum cultello ia 
 brachio vel tibia defixo,&fi poft peregrinationefiat brachium marcidum,illum rcputant fan- 
 <5tum,& bene cum Deo fuo. Iuxtaecclefiam illius idoli eftlacusvnusmanufaclus, & manife- 
 ftus,inquem peregriniproijeiunt aurum&argentum,&lapides pretiofos inhonoremIdoli,& 
 ad xdificationem ecclefia: fua; ) & ideo quahdo aliquid debet ornati,vel reparari,vadunt homi- 
 nes 
 
 Comburtioraar- 
 tuatum. 
 
• Odortcus, Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 
 
 45 
 
 ; nes ad hunc lacum , & proicda extrahunt : die autem annua conliiuctiows ilJius idoli , rex & 
 . regina cum toto populo &c omnibus pcregrinis accedunt , & ponunt illud idolum in vno curru 
 iprctiofifiimo ipfum dcecckfia cducences cum Canticis, & omni genere muficorum,& multa? 
 . virgincs antecedunt ipfum bina? & binx , procefilonalker combinata? modulantes : Peregrini 
 enam muhi ponunt feiubcurrn,vt tranfeat Deusfupra cos; & omnes fijper quoscurrustranf- Cm*liffimj s»s 
 rtj comminuit, & per medium fcindit, Srinterficit, &pcrhocrcputancfe mori pro deo fuo MtaiSiM™' 
 fancle&fecure : &inomniannohocmodomoriunturin viafubidoloplufquam joohomi- 
 nes, quorum corpora comburuntur, &cincres ficut rcliquixcultodiuntur, quia fie pro Deo 
 •fuo moriuntur* Alium ritum habent, quando aliquis homo offerc fe mori pro deo fuo, conue- 
 niunt omnes amici eius & parcntcs cum luftnonibus mulcis, facientes fibi feftum magnum, & 
 poft feftum appendunt collo eius 5 cukellos acutiffimos ducenteseum anteidolum, quo cum 
 perucnerit,fumit vnum ex cukellis,& clamat alta vocejpro deo meo incido mihi de came mea, ""' £ 
 
 &fruftum incifum proijeit in faciem idoli : vlrimaveroiiirifione per quam feipfuminterficir, 
 , dicit.me mori pro deo meo permitto, quo mortuo corpus eius eomburitur, & fanftum Fore ab 
 omnibus creditur. Rex illius regionis eft ditiflimus in auro & argenco, & gemmis pretiofis;ibi 
 .ctiam funt margarita? pulchriores de tnundo, Inde tranfiens iui per mare oceanum verfus me- 
 ridiem per jodietas ad unam rcrram vocatam Lammori,in qua ex immenfitate caloris,tam vi- 
 ri qilam fecmina? omnes incedunc nudi in roto corpore : Qui videntes me veftitum,deridcbanc 
 me,dicentes Deum, Adam & Euam fecifle nudos.In ilia regione omnes lntilieres funt commu- 
 nes,ita quod nullus poteft dicere,ha;c eft Vxor mea,& cum mulicr aliqua pari: filium vel filiam 
 darcuivukdehijs qui concubuerunt:To:aetiam terra illius regionis habetur in cormnuni,ira pi aro nici 
 quod non meum&tuumin diuifioneterraru,domos tamen habent fpeciales: Carries humang "<«»<«. 
 quando homo eft pinguis ita bene comeduntur, ficut inter nos bouinae: & licet gens fit pefti- 
 fera,tamen terra optima eft,&abundat in omnibus bonis j carnibus,bladis,rifo,auro,argemo,& .,',,'•. 
 
 liguis Aloe,canfari,& multis ali js. Mcrcatores autem cum accedunt ad haric regioncm ducunt 
 fecum homines pingues vendentes illos genti illius regionis, ficut nos vendimus porcos, qui 
 ftatimoccidunteos & comedunt. In hacinfula verfus meridiem eftaliudregnumvocatuSy- simoliray^ 
 rnolcra.in quo tarn viri quam mulieres fignant fc ferro calido in facie.iri 1 :.pai tibus,Et hij fern- Si "" ott "''' 
 per bellant cum hominibus nudis in alia regione. Vltra tranfiui ad aliam infulam qua? vbcatur 
 Jaua cuius ambitus per mare eft trium milliu milliarium, & rex illius infula? habet fub fe 7.1 eges i ai „, 
 coronatos,&hxc infula optimnnhabitatur.&mcriorfecundademundo reputatur.Ineana- 
 fcutur in copia garyophylli,cubibez,&nuces mnfcatf :& breuiter omnes fpecies ibi funt,& ma 
 xima abundantia omniu vi&ualium pmcrquam vini.Rex illius terra: habet palatium nobilifli- 
 rnu inter omnia qua' vidi altiflime flat, & gradus & fcalas habet akiffimos, quorum Temper v^ 
 nus gradus eft aureus,aliusargenteus;Pauimenrumver6 vnum laterem habet deauro,aliii de 
 argeto.Parietes vero omnes interius funt laminatilaminisaureis,iii quibus fculpti funtEquites 
 de auro habentes circa caput circulurii aureum plenum lapidibus pretiofis : Tectum eft de au- 
 to puro.Cumifto regeillemagnus CanisdrKatay frequenter fuitin bello: Quern tamers 
 Temper ille Rex vicit & fuperau t, 
 
 De arboribuydantibus farinamjcSc mel,& venenum. 
 
 JVxtaiftam Infulam eft alia contrata vocara Panten, vel alio nomineTathalamafim, & Rex VclMaiafrA 
 illius contrata; multas infulas habet fub fe.In ilia terra funt arborcs dames f3rinam,& inel,& 
 vinum.&etiam venenum pcriculofius quod fit in mundo, quia conwa illud non eft remediunjj 
 nifi vnum folum,& eft illud. Si aliquis illud venenum fumpfiftet.fi velit liberaii, fumat flcrcus 
 Jiominis & cum aqua temperet,& in bona quantitate bibat,& ftatim fugat venenu fJciensexire 
 per inferiores partes. Farinam autem faciunt arboreshoc modo, funt magna;& bafli,& quan- 
 go inciduntur cum fecuri propeterrani,exitdeftipite liquor quidam ficut gumma?, quern ac- 
 xipiunt homines & ponunt in facculisdefolijsfaitis, &perquindecim dies in folc dimittunfj 
 & in finedecimi quinti diei ex ifto liquore deficcato fit farina, qua prime ponunt in aqua ma- 
 ris, poftealauant earn cum aqua dulci, & fit paftevalde bona &odorifera, de qua faciunt ci- 
 bos vel panes ficut placet eis. De quibus panibus ego comedi, ik eft panis exterius pulcher, 
 fed interius aliquantulumniger . In hac contrata eft mare mortuum quod fempercurnt ver- m*« V mi r cm ,- 
 fusmeridiem.inquodfihomoceciderit.nunquarhpofteacomparet.Incontrataillainueniutur p««>™vafii» 
 Canna? longifTimx plures paffus habentes quam 60 &funtrhagns vt arbores. Alia: etiaCan- 
 na; funt ibi qua? vocantur Caflan qua? per terra diriguntur vt gramen, & in quolibet nodo earu 
 ramuli producuntur qui etiam prolongantur fuperterram per vnum mihare fere:in hijs Cannis 
 reperiuatur lapides, quorum fi quis vnum fuper fe'portaucrit, non potcrit incidi aliquo ferroj 
 iti i U 
 
II 
 
 
 46 TheEnglifhVoyages^Nauigations, Odoricuu 
 
 &ide6communiterhominesi!liuscontrat3rportant>llos Japidcsiuper : Multi etiam faciune 
 pueros fuos dum funt parui incidiin vno brachio, & in vulnere ponunt vnum de illis lapidibus, 
 & faciunt vulnus recluderc fe per vnum pulueiem de quodam pifce, cuius nomen ignoio, qui 
 puluis ftatim vulnus coniblidat & fanat : & vircute illorum lapidum communiter itti homines 
 triumphant in bcllis,8c in mari,nec poflent ifti homines If di per aliqua armafcrrea : Vnum ta- 
 men remedium eft,quod aduerfarij illius gentis fcientes virtutem lapidum, prouident fibi pro- 
 puonacula ferrea contra fpicula illorum,& arma venenata de veneno arborum,& in manupor. 
 tantpalosligneosacutilTimos&itaduros in extrenutatc ficut eflccfenum : Similiter fagitrant 
 cum fagittis fine ferro,& ficconfundut aliquos & pcrforant incrmesex lapidum fecuritatc.De 
 Vek warundini. iftis etiam Cannis Caflan faciunt fibi vela profuis nauibus 8c domunculas paiuas, & multa fibi 
 c^pt 1 neceffaria.Indercce(ripermultasdietasadaliudregnumvocatumCampa 3 pulcherrimum, & 
 
 opulentilfimum in omnibus vidtualibus.Cuius rex quado fuiibi tot habuitvxoies,& alias mu- 
 lieres.quod de illis joo.filios & filias habuit. Ifte rex habet decies millefies & quatuor elephiU 
 turn domeflicorQjquos ita facit cuftodiri ficut inter nos cuftodiunt boues,vel greges inpalcuis. 
 
 De multitudinePifcium,qui feproijeiunt in aridam. 
 
 [N h3c contrata vnii mirabile valde reperitur, quod vnaquarq; generatio pifcium in mari ad 
 Liftacontratam venit intanta quantitatc,quod permagnfi fpatium maris nil videturnifi dorfa 
 pifcium,& f ip?r aridam fe proijeiunt quando properipam funt, &permittut homines per tres 
 dies ven:re,& de illis fumere quantum placuerint,& tunc redeiit ad mare:Poft ilia lpeciemper 
 ilium modum y nit alia fpccies,&offerffe, & fie de omnibus fpeciebus, femel camen taniura 
 hoc faciunt in anno.Et quaefiui a gente ilia quomodo & qualicer hoc poflit fieri? refponderunt 
 quod hoc modopifces per naturadocenturvenirc,,&irnperatorem fuum reuercri. Ibietia flint 
 
 Ttfludints mag. tefticudines ita magng ficut ell vnus furnus,& multa alia vidi quf incredibi.ia forent,nifi homo 
 ilia vidiflst, In ilia ctia contrata homo moituus coburit ur,& vxer viua cum co,f cue fiipeiius de 
 alia cotrata dicH eft, quia dicunt homines illi quod ilia vadit ad alium mundum ad morandum 
 cum eo,ue ibialiam vxore accipiat.Vltra tranfiui per mare Oceanum verfus meridiem, & tran- 
 
 Moumorwi. ^ permultascoruratas &infulas,quarumvna vocaturMoumoran J & habetin ciicuitu 2000. 
 milliaria,in qua homines portat facies caninas & mulieres fimiliter,& you bouem adorant pro 
 Deo fuo,& idco quilibet vnu boiieaurcum vel argentcu in frontc portat :Komines illius cotra- 
 tse& mulieres vadunttotalitcrnudi,nifi quod vnum pannumlineumportantanreverer.dafua. 
 Homines illius regionis funt maximi & fortifllmi,& quia vadunt nudi, quando di bent bellare, 
 portant vnum fcutum de ferro.quod cooperit cos a capite vfq; ad pedes, & fi contingat eos a- 
 liquem de aduerfarijs capere in bello qui pecunia non poffic redimi, ftatim ccmedunt eum ; fi 
 autem po(fit feredimere pecunia,illum abire permittunuRex eorum portat 300,margaritas ad 
 collum fuum maximas & pulcherrimas,& 3 co.orationes omni die dicit Deo fuo : Hie etiam 
 portat in digito fuo vnum lapidem longitudinis vnius lpanfz,& dum habet illu videtur ab ali/s 
 quafivnaflamma ignis, &ide6nullus audetfibiappropinquare, &dicitur quod non eftlapis 
 in mundo pretiofior illo, Magnus autem imperator Tartarorum de Katai,nunquam vi,uec pe- 
 cunia,necingenio ilium obtinerepotuir,cumtamen circa hoc labcrauerk. 
 
 Dc Infula Ceilan, & de monte vbi Adam planxit AbclhMum fuum. 
 
 Ceiian infiijg. HfRanfiui per aliam infuIamvocatamCcilan,qu£habetinambituplufquaduomillia mil- 
 A liaria,in qua Hint ferpentes quafi infiniti,& maxima multitudo leonum, vriarumj& omni- 
 um animaIiumrapacium,&fiIueftrium,&potifiinie elephantu. In ilia contrata eft mons ma- 
 ximus, in quo dicunt gentes illius regionis qudd Adam planxit Abel filium fuum 500 annis. 
 In medio illius montis eft planicies pulcherrima, in qua eft lacus paruus multum habens de a- 
 qua,& homines illi dicunt aquam illam fuifle de lachrymis Ada: &Eua? , fed probauihocfal- 
 fumelTe, quia vidi aquam in lacufcaturire : haecaquaplenaefthirudinibus&fanguilugis, 8c 
 lapidibus pretiofis; iftos lapides rex non accipit fibi,fed femel vel bis in anno permittit paupe- 
 rcs fub aqua ire pro lapidibus, & omnes quot poflunt colligere illis concedic, vt crcnt pro ani- 
 ma fua, Vc aute poflint fub aqua ire accipiunt Iymones,& cum illis vngunt fe valde bene>& fie 
 nudos fe in aquam fubmergunt,& fanguifuga; illis nocere non poflunt, Ab i fto lacu aqua exit 
 & currit vfq; ad mare,& in rranfitu quando retrahit fe,fodiuntur Rubii 3 & adamantes,&tnar- 
 1 garita:,& alia? gemma? pretiofa? : vnde opinio eft quod rex tile magis abundat lapidibus pretio- 
 fis, quamaliquis in mundo. In contrata ilia funt quafi omnia genera animalium&auiumj & 
 dixeruntmihi gentes illa?,qu6d animaha ilia nulluforenfem inuadunc,necoffendunt.fed cantu 
 homines illius regionis, Vidi in ilia infula aues ita magnas ficut flint hie anferes,habentes duo 
 capita,& alia mhabilia qua; non fcribo. Vljra verfus meridiem tranfiui, &spplicui ad infulam 
 
 Eoaminfui!. quandam qua: vocatur Bodin,quod idem eft quod immundum in lingua ne&a. In ea mciarur 
 
 pefllnu 
 
Odoricus, Tf affiques., and Difcoueries. 47 
 
 peflimi homines,qui comeduot carr.es crudas, & omneni immunduia faciunt qua; quafi exco- 
 gitari no potcrit;nam pater comedit filium, & filius patre,& maritus vxotem, & e conuario, &c 
 hoc per huncmodum:li pater alicuiusinfirmetur, filius vadit ad Aftrologumfaccrdotem, fez. 
 rogans eum quod confulat Deum fuum.fi pater de tali infirmitate euadet,vel non. Tunc ambo 
 vadunt ad idolinn aureum, vel argenteum,facietesorationes in b3c forma.Dominc,tu es Dcus 
 nofter.tc adoramus,& rogamus vt nobis refpondeaSjdebctne talis a tali infirmitate mori vel li- 
 berari? Tunc Demon refpodet,& fi dicat,viuet.,filius vadit & miniftrat ill i vfq; ad plena conua- 
 lefccntiS : Si aute dicat,morietur, Sacerdos ibit ad eum, & vnum pannum fuper os eius ponet, 
 & fufFocabit eunijCx iplimi mortuum incidet in frufta,& inuitabuntur omnesamici.& parentes 
 cius ad comedeudumeum cum canticis, & omnilauitia, olla tamen eius honorifice i'cpelienr. 
 Cum aute ego eos de tali ritu reprehendi,qua:rens caufam: Refpondit vnus mihi,hoc tacimus 
 nc vermes carneseius comedant,tunc eius anima magnapoenam fuitineret 3 nec poteram eucl- 
 lerc eosabiftoerrore:& multf alia: nouitatesfuntibi,quasn6crederent,nifi qui viderent.Ego 
 autem coram Deo nihil hie refero,nifi illud de quo certus fum ficut homo ctrtificari poterit.De 
 ifla infula inquifiui a multis expertis,qui omnes vno ore refpondetunt mihi,dicentes,quod ifta 
 India 440o.infulas continet fub fe,fiue in fe, in qua etiam funt 64. reges coronati,& ctiam di- 
 cunt quod maior pars illius infulx bene inhabitatur.Et hie ilrius India: facio finem, 
 
 De India fuperiori,& deProuincia Manci. 
 
 INprimis refero,qu6d cum tranfirem per mare Occanum per multas dietas verfus Orientem, 
 perueniad illam magna prouinciam Manci, qug India vocatur a Latinis. Dc ifla India lupe- 
 riori inquifiui a Chriftianis, Saracenis, idolatris,& omnibus, qui officiales funt dominiCanis 
 magni.qui omnes vno orerefponderunt, quod hsecprouincia Manci habetplulquam 2000. 
 magnaru ciuitatum,& in ipfa eft maxima copia omniu viclualiumjputajpaniSjVinijrifi, carniu, 
 pifciu.&c.Omnes homines iftius prouincia: funt artifices &mercatores, qui pro quacunq;pe- 
 nuria,dummodoproprijs manibus iuuare fe poffent perlabores,nunqua ab aliquoeleemolyna 
 peterent.Viriirtius prouincia: funt fatisformofi,fedpallidi,&ra(as&paruasbarbashabcnces; 
 fcemine; vero funt pulcherrimg inter omnes de mundo.Prima ciuitas ad quam veni de ifta India 
 vocatur Ceuskalon,&diftatamatiper vnadietam,pofitaq; eft fuper flumen.cuius aqua prope Velctufcali, 
 mare cui con tignatur,afcendit fuper terram per 1 2,dietas. Totus populus illius India: idolatrat. 
 Ifta autem ciuitas tantum nauigiu habet.quod incredibile foret nifi videnti.In hac ciuitate vidi 
 quod 3 00. libra: de bono & recenti zinzibero habentur pro minori quam pro vno groflo : Ibi 
 funt anferes groffiores & pu!chriores J & maius foru de illis,quam fit in mundo,v t credo,5£ lunt 
 albiffimi ficut lac,& habent vnum os fuper caput quantitatis oui, & habct colorem fanguincu, ", r ^oa«oH 
 fubgulahabentvnapellempendentemfemipedalem:Pinguin'imifunt J &opiimifori:&itaeft 
 de anatibus,& gallinis,qua: maena:funt valde in ilia terra plufquam duse de noflris.Ibi funt fer- 
 pentes maximi,& capiuntur & a gente ilia comeduntur:vnde qui faceret feftu IoIemne,& non 
 daret ferpetes, nihil reputaret fe facere:breiuter in hac ciuitate funt omnia vi&ualia in maxima 
 abundantia. Inde tranfiui per ciukates mult as,& veni ad ciuitate nomine Kai tan ,in qua frattes vd zm'con. 
 Minores habent duo loca, ad qua: portaui de offibus fratru noftrorum pro fide Chrifti interfe- 
 6torum,de quibus fupra.In hac eft copia omnium victualium pro leuiflimo foro, ha:c ciuitas ita 
 magna eft,ficut bis Bouonia,& in ea multa monafteria religioforum,qui omnes idolis femiut. . 
 In vno autem iftoru monafteriorura ego fui,&di<3um eft mihi quod inerant 3000. religiofo- 
 rum habentiu 1 iooo,idolorum,& vnumillorum.quod quafi paruu inter cftera mihi videbatur, 
 eft ita magnu ficut Chriftophorus noftcr. Ifti religiofi omni die pafcunt Deos fuos, vnde femel 
 iui ad videndu comeftionem illam,& vidi quod ilia que de tulcrunt fibi comeft ibilia Iunt,& ca- 
 lidiflima,Scmuliufumigatia,ita quod fumus afcendit ad idola.&dixerut Deos illofumotecre- 
 ari.Totum aute cibum illi reportauemt & comederut 3 & fie de fumo tantu Deos fuos paueruri.r* 
 
 De Ciuitate Fuko. 
 
 VLtra verfus Orientem veni ad ciuitatem quf vocatur Fuko,cuius circuitus cotinet 3 o.mil- Vcl Fo ^ ul " l < 
 liaria, in qua funt Galli maximi & pulchen imi, &gallina; omnes ita alba: ficut riix, lanam 
 folum pro pennis habentes ficut pecudes.Hax ciuitas pulcherrima eft,& fitafupra marc Vltra 
 iui per 1 8.dietas,& peitranfij multas terras &ciuitates,& in tranfitu veni ad quendarh mbntem 
 magnum,& vidi quod in vno latere montis omnia animalia erant nigra vtcarboj& homines & 
 mulieres diuerfum modum viuendi habent : ab alio autem latere omnia animalia erant alba 
 ficut nix,& homines totaliter diuerfe ab alijs vixerunt.Ibi omnes foemina: qua: funt defponfatse 
 portantinfignum quod habent maritosvnum magnum barile decoriiu in capite . Indc tran- 
 fiui per 1 8,dietas alias,& veni ad quodda magnum flumen 3 & intraui c iuitatem vna, qua: tranf- y^ nim <!„„,„ 
 uerfum illius fluminis-habet pontem maximii, & hofpitabar in domo vnius hofpitarij, qui vo- 
 
 lens 
 
 
r 
 
 4.8 TheEngliftiVoyages^Naufgations, Odoricus. 
 
 Alias Canfai, 
 
 vcl Quinzai. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Pythagorca u.y 
 
 Chilenfb. 
 
 Thaliy, 
 KaJum. 
 
 lens mini complacere,dixit mihi:li velis videre piicari,veni mecum;& duxit me fuper pontem, 
 & vidi in brachijs fuis raergos ligatos fuper perticas, ad quorum gula vbi illc ligauit viiu filum, 
 neillicapicntespifces,comederenteos: Pofteainbrachiovnopofuit j.ciftasmagnaSj&iunc 
 diiToIuit mergos de perticis,qui ftatim iu aqua intrauerunt, &pilces ceperunt, & alias illas re- 
 plcuetunt in parua hora,quibus replecis vir ille diffoluic fila a collis eotUj & ipfi reintrantes flu- 
 men fe de pilcibusrecreauerQt,& recreaii ad pcrticas redierunt, & fe ligari ficut prius peimife- 
 runc:£go aute de illis pifcibus comedi,& optimi mihi videbatur.Inde tranfiens per multas die- 
 tas vcni ad vna ciuitatem qua: vocatur*Kanafia,qu£ fonat in lingua noftra ciuitas cceii : Nun- 
 quam ita magna ciuitatem vidi, Citcuitusenim eiuscotinct I oo.milliaria,nec in ca vidi fpMiu 
 quin bene inhabitaretur; Imo vidi multas domus habences I o.vel 1 2. folaria vnu fupra aliud : 
 hsc habet fubutbia maxima continentiamaiorepopdumquamipfaciuitascontineat.12.por- 
 tas habet pi iucipa!es,& in via de qualibet illaru portarum ad 8,milliaria funt ciuitatcs forte ma- 
 iores vt Kftimo,quam eft ciuitas Vcnetiaru,& Padua, Hare ciuitas fita eft in aquis qua? femper 
 ftant,& nee fluunt ; nec refluunt.vallum tame habet propter ventum ficut ciuitas Vcneiiarum, 
 Incafuntp!usdecemmille& 2. pontium, quorum multosnume:aui& tranfiui, &inquo- 
 libet ponte ftant cuftodes ciuitatis continue cuftodientes ciuitatem pro magno Cane impera- 
 torc Cntai.Vnum mandatum dicunt gentes illius ciuitatis a domino fe reccpiffe.Nain quilibet 
 ignis fo!uitvnubalis,i. 5, cartas bombicis, qui vnum florenu cum dimidiovalent,& io.vel 12, 
 lupelle&iles facicnt vnum ignem,& fie pro vno igne foluent, Ifti ignes funt bene 8 j.Thuman, 
 cum alijs ^.Saracenorum qusfaciunt 89, Thuma verb vnum decern milia ignium facit, reiiqui 
 autem de populo ciuitatis funt alij Chriftiani,alij mcrcatorcs,& alij tranfeuntes per terram, vn- 
 de maxime fui miratus quo modo tot corpora hominu poterant fimul habitare:In ea eft maxi- 
 ma copia vi6lualium,fcz.panis & vini,&carniumde porcopra*cipue cum alijs neccflarijs. 
 
 De monaftcrio vbi funt multa animalia diuerfa in quodam monte. 
 
 IN '1II3 ciuitate ^..fratres noftii conuercerant vnum potentem ad fide Chrifti, in cuius hofpitro 
 continue habitaba,dum fui ibi,qui femel dixit mihi, Ara,i.patcr,vis tu venire & videi c ciuita- 
 tem ifta;&d'ixiqu6d fic,& afcendimus vna barcham, &iuirriusadvnun:onaftcriumm;:>;imu, 
 de quo vocauit vnu religiofum fibi notu,& dixit fibi de me.lfte Raban Fracus,i.re!igtofus venit 
 deindc vbi iol occidk,& nunc vadit Cambaleth,vt deprecetur vita pro magno Canc,& ideo o- 
 ftendas fibi aliquid,qudd fi rcucrtatur ad coritratas fuas pcflit referre quod tale quid oouu vidi 
 in Canofia ciuitate : tunc fumpfit illc religiofus duos inaftcllosmagnosrepletos reliquijs quie 
 fupcreranc de menfa,& duxit me ad vnaperclufam paruam,quam aperuit cum claue, & aparuit 
 viridatium gratiofum & magnu in quod intrauimus,&in illo viridario flat vnus moniiculus fi- 
 cut vnu campanile,repletus amcenis heibis & arboribus,& dum ftaremusibi.ipfe fumpfic cym- 
 ba!u,& inccepic percutere ipfum ficut percutitur quando monachi intrant refecloriu, ad cuius 
 fonitii multa animalia diuerfa defcenderuntde monte illOjaliquavtfimi^aliquavt.CatijMay- 
 mones, & aliqua faciem hominis habentia, & dum fie ftarem congregaueruntfe circa ipfum, 
 40co.de illis animalibus,& fe in ordinibus collocauerunt, coram quibus pofuit paropfidem Sc 
 clabat cis comedere, & cum comediffent iterum cymbalum percuflit,& omnia ad locapropiia 
 rcdierunt.Tunc admiratus inquifiui qua: effent animalia ifta ? Et refpondit mihi quod funt ani- 
 ma: nobilium viroru ,quas nos hie pafcimus amorc Dei, qui regit orbe, & ficut vnus hemo fuit 
 nobilis.ka anima eius poft mortem in corpus nobilis animalis intrat , Anima: vero fimpliciu & 
 rufticoru,corpora vilium animaliu intrant.Inccepi ifta abufione improbarc,ied nihil valuitfibi, 
 no enim poterat credere,quod aliqua anima poflet fine corpore manere.Inde tranfiui ad quan- 
 dam ciuitatem nomine Chilenfo, cuius mun per 40,milliariacircueninc. In ifta ciuitate funt 
 5 6o.pontcs lapidci pulchriores quam vnquam viderim^j bene inhabitatur, & nauigiii maxi-' 
 mum habet,& copia omnium victualiu,& aliorum bonoru. Inde iuiacf quoddSflumen diflu. 
 Thalay, quod vbi eft flridtius habet in latitudinc 7. milliaria, &illudflumen pcrmediumtcr- 
 rxPygmarorumtranfitjquorumciuitasvocaturKakamjquajdepulchrioribusciuitatibusmudi 
 eft. Ifti Pigmsei habent Jongitudine trium fpanfarum mearu, & faciunt maiora & mehorago- 
 ton, & bombicina quamaliqui homines in mundo.Inde per illud fluraen tranfiens,veni ad v- 
 nam ciuitate Ianzu,in qua eftvnuslocus fratrum noftroru, & funtineatresecclefisNeftoria- 
 noru : ha*c ciuitas nobilis eft,& magna,habens in fe 4S.Thuman ignium,& in ea omnia viflua- 
 3i a,cc animalia in magna copia,de quo Chi lltiani viuunt : Dominus iftius ciuitatis folum de fa- 
 Je habet in redditibus 50.ThumanBalifi,Si valetbalifus vnum florenu cum dimidio:Itaqu6d 
 vnum Thuman facit 1 5,mil!ia florenoruro,vna tamen gratiam facit dominus populo, quia di- 
 mittit ei,ne fit catiftia in eo,2oo.Thuman.Habct hf c ciuitas conluetudinem, quod quando v- 
 nus vult facere conujuium amicis fuis,ad hoc funt hofpitia deputata, & vbi ilie circuit per ho- 
 
 fpitcs, 
 
Odoricm, TraffiquesandDifcouenes. 49 
 
 fpitcs,dicensfibi tales amicos meos habebis,quos feftabis nomine meo,& tatum in fetto volo 
 expendere,& per ilium modum melius conuiuanc a'mici inplunbushofpitijsquamfacercntin ., 
 vno. Per 10. milliariaabiftaciuitateincapitcrluminisThalayeftvnaciuitasvocataMontu, Momb. 
 qua: maiusnauigium habet, quamviderim intotomundo; Etomnesrjues ibifuntalba: ficut 
 nix,& in ipfis funt hoipitia,& multa alia qua: nullus homo crederet nili viderentur, 
 
 De ciuitatc Cambaleth. 
 
 INde tranfiui per 8.dietas per mulcas terras & ciuitaces,& veni tandem per aquam dulcem ad 
 quadam ciuitatem nomine Lcneyn,qua: eft pofita (upei flumen vocatum Caramoran, quod Caramotao, 
 per medium Catai tranfit,& magnurti damnum fibi infert,quando erumpit. Inde tranfiens per 
 flumen verfus Orientem per mulcas dictas & ciuitates,vcni ad vnam ciuitatem nomine Suma- 
 coto,qu£e maiorem copiam habet de fcrico, qnam aliqua ciuitas in mundo ; Quando enim eft 
 'maior catiftia Scrici,ibi 40. libra; ha'oentur pro minori quam pro 8. groflis.In ea ell copia om- 
 nium mercimoniorUj&omniumvidtualium.panisjvinijCarniurrijpilcjumj&oniniumfpecierum 
 eleitarum. Indetranfiui verfus Orientem permultas ciuitates, & veniadillamnobilem,& 
 nominatam Cambaleth qua: eft cniicas multum antiqua, & eft in prouincia Catai, & earn ce- cambatec, 
 perunt Tartari: Et iuxta earn ad dimidium miliare aliam ciuitatem fecerunt,qua: vocatur Cai- 
 do & haec 1 i.portas habet,& femper inter vnam & aliam funt duo rhiliaria,& medium inter il- 
 lasciuitatesbeneinhabitatur.itaquodfaciunt quafivnamciuitacera; Et ambitus iftarum dua- 
 rumciuitatumettplufquam 40.milliaria. In hac ciuitatc magnusimperator Canis habet fc- ManJcuilcap. 
 demfuamprincipalem,&ruummagnumpalatium,cuitismunbene4.milliariacontinent;&in- 3 Ji 
 frailludpalatiumfuntmulta aliapalatia dominorum defamilia fua» Inpalatio ctiarhiHoeft 
 vims mons pulcherrimus cofitus arbonbus,proptet quod mons viridis nominatur, & in monte 
 palatium amceniflimum in quocommuniter Canis refidet : A latere autem momis eft vnus la- 
 cus magnus,fupra quern pons pulcherrimus eft fa<5hls, & in illo lacu eft niagna copia anlerum 
 & anatum ,& omnium auium aquaticarum; & in filua montis copia omnium auium & feraruru 
 filueftrium,& ideo quando dominus Canis vult venari rion oportct eum exile palatium fuum „ 
 Palatium veroprincipale,in quo fedes fua ettjeft magnum valde,& habet interius i^.columnas 
 aureas,& omncs muri eius cooperti funt pellibus rwbeis qua: dicunttirnobiliores pellesde 
 muhdo:Et in medio palatrj eft vna pignaaltitudinisduorumpaiTuum, quf tota eft dcvnola. 
 pide prctiolo nomine merdochas ; & eft tota circumligara auro, & in quolibet angulb eius eft 
 vnus Terpens de auro qui verberat os fortitTime : Habet etiam hf c pigna retia de margaritis,& 
 per iftam pignam defertur potus per meatus& conduclus qui in curia regis habetur; & juxta 
 earn pendent multa vafaaurea cum quibusvolentesbiberepoflunt, In hoc autem palatio funt 
 inulci pauones de auto; & cum aliquis Tartarus facit feftum domino fuo.tunc quando conoi- 
 uantestolliduntmanusfuas pr^gaudio&larticia, pauones emittunt alas fuas, & expandunt 
 caudaSjC^ videnttirtripudiare;Et hoc credo facta arte Magica, vel aliqua cautcla fubrerranea. 
 
 De gloria magni Canis. 
 
 QVando autem magnus ille Iuiperator Canis iu fedejiia imperial] refidet,tune a finiflro la- 
 tere fedct Regina ,& per vnumgradum ihferius duo mufieres quas ipfe tenet pro fe, 
 quando non poteft ad Reginam acccdere : In infimo autem gradu refident omnes domina?de 
 iua parentela. Omnes auttm mulieres nupta: portant fupra caput fuum vnumpedem hominis, 
 longitudinisvniusbrachij cum dimidioj&fubtcr ilium pedem funt penn^gruiSj&totusiljepej 
 ornatur maximis margaritis. A latere vero dextro ipfius Canis refidetfiiius eius primogeni- 
 tus,regnatutus poft ipfum,& infcriiis ipfo omnes qui funt de fanguine regio : Ibi etiam funt 44 
 fcriptores fcribentes omnia verba qua: dicitrex; Ante cuius confpe&urn funt Baronesfui,S£ 
 inultialij nobilescum iua gente maxima, quorum nullus audet loquinifi a domino licentia 
 pctaturexceptisfatuis&hiftrionibus, qui fuum dominum canfolari habentj Mi etiam nihil 
 audentfacere, nifi.fecundumquod Dominusvoluerit eis legem impdnere. Anteportampa- 
 latij funt Barones cuftodientcs,ne aliquislimen porta: tangar. Cum autem ille Canis voluerit 
 facereconuiuium,habetfecumi4ooo,Baronesportantes circulos, & corohulas in capite,& 
 domino fuoferuientes; Etquilibetportat vnam V£fterndeauro& margaritis totquot valent 
 plus quamdeciesnjilliesflorciiorum. Curia cms optimeordinatur per denarios.centenarios, 
 &milIenarios,& taliter quod quilibet in fuo ordinc peragit officium fibi deputatum.ncc aliquis 
 defedtusreperitur.Ego frater Odoricus fui ibi per tres annos,& multotiens in iftis feftis fuis fui, 
 quia nosfratresminores in fua curia habemus locum nobis deputatum.&oportetnos femper 
 ire,&dare fibihoftrambenedi6tionem:Etinquifiui ab ill is de curia,de numero illorumqui 
 funtin curia doming refpondcruotrftihi quod de hiftrionibus funt bene i8.Thuman; Cu- 
 ftodes autem canum&beftiarum,& auium funt 1 y.Thuman; Medici veroprocorpore Regis 
 
 E iunc 
 
50 
 
 The E nglifh Voyages^Nauigations, Odoricm. 
 
 funi400.Chriftianiautcm8.8cvnus Saracenus. Etegoquando fui ibi, hij omnes omnia uc- 
 ceflaria tam ad vidtum.quam ad veftitum habcbant de curia domini Canis.Quando autc vulc 
 cquitare dc vna terra ad aliam,habec 4.exercitus cquitura,8c vnus per vnam dietam ipfum an- 
 teccdit, fecundus aliam, 8c tettius fimiliter, & quartus ; ita quod Temper ipfe fe tenet in medio 
 in modum crucis; Si ita omnss exercirus habenc omnes dietas fuas ordinatas, quod inueniunt 
 omnia vi&ualiaparata fine defe&u.Illemet autem dominus Cam's per ilium modum vadit; Se- 
 der in curru cum duabus rotis in quo ficSh eft pulchcrrima fella totade li«nis Aloe, 8c auro 
 ornata, 8c margaritismaximis,8clapidibus pretiolls; St 4, Elephantes beneordinati ducunt 
 iftum currum, quos prfc edunt 4-ecJuj altiflimi optime eooperti. Iuxca currum a Iatsribus funt 4. 
 Baroncs tenentes currum, ne'atiquis appropinqucc domino fuo. Supra currum fedentduo 
 Gerfalconcs albiffimi, & diim videt sues quos vulc eapere ,dimi;tit Falconcs volare,& capiunt 
 eas; Et fie habet folatium fuum equitando , 8c per t'adtum vni:is lapidis nullus audet appropin- 
 quarccurrui nifi populus affignatus : vndd incredibile effet homini qui non vid:ffet de nume- 
 rogentisfu*, Scregina:, & primogeniti fui. ftte dominus Canis jmperium fuum diuifit in 
 1 a, partes , & vna habet fub fe 200, magnarum ciuitatum: vnde ita latum £c lotigum eft fuum 
 imperium , quod ad quamcUnq; partem irer, fads habercs faccie in lex menfibus ,exceptis in. 
 fulis, qua? funt bene 500c. 
 
 De hofpitijs pararis per totum imperium pro tranfeuntibus. 
 
 I See dominus, vt tranfeuntes habeant omnia necelTaria fua per totum fuum imperium, fe- 
 cit hofpitia przparari vbique per vias; in quibus funt omnia parataquz ad victualia per- 
 tinent : Cum autem aliqua nouitas oritur in imperio fuo, tunc fi dittat , ambaffiatores fupcr e- 
 quos vel dromedarios feftinant , 8c cum laflantur in curlu , pullant cornu, 8c proximum hofpi- 
 tium paratvnum fimiliter equum, qui quando alijs venit fefl'us accipit literam , 8c currit ad 
 hofpitium , & fie per hofpitia, & per diuerfos curfores rumor per 3 a. dietas , vno die naturali 
 vemt ad imperarorcmj&ideo nihil ponderispoteft fieri in imperio fuo, quw ftatim fciturab 
 eo, Cumautcm ipfe Canis vult ire venatum; iftum modum habit. Extra Cambaleth ad 20. 
 dietas, cftvnaforefta qnx 6", dietas continet in ambitu; inquafint tot genera aiiimalium & 
 anium quod mirabile eft dicere : Ad illud nemus vadit in fine trium annorum vel quatuor 
 cum tota gente, cum qua ipfum circuit , & canes intrare pcrmittit , qui animalia , Icilicct 
 leoues,ceruos, 8c alia animalia reducunt ad vnam plauitiem pulcherrimam in medio nemo- 
 ris,quiacx clamoribuscanum maxime trc.nunt omnes bdtisc iylux. Tunc accedit magnus 
 Canis fuper tres elephantes & j, fagittas mittit in totam muhitudinem animalium , 5c poft 
 ipfum omnes Baroncs, 8c poft ipfos alij de fanailia fua emittunt fa gi teas fuas; 8c omnes fagit- 
 tx funt fignatz certis fignis Si diucrfis j Tunc vadit ad animalia interfe&a , dimittens viua 
 nemus reintrarevt alias habeat exeis vetjationem luaoi, 8c quilibet illud animal babebit in 
 cuius corpoie inueait fagittam fuam quam iaciebat, 
 
 De quatuor feftis qua? tenet in anno Canis in curia. 
 
 QVatuor magna feftiih anno facit Dominus Canis, fcilicet feflum natiuitatts , feftum 
 circumcifionis , coronationis , & defponfationis fuas; & ad ifta fefta conuocat omnes Ba- 
 roncs , 8c hiliriones , 8c omnes de parentela fua. Tunc domino Cane in fuo throno fedente, 
 accedunt Baroncs cum circuits 8c coronis in capite, vefliti vario modo , quia aliqui de viridi, 
 lciLcetprimi,fecundidefanguineo,&tertij decroceo, 8c tenentin manibus vnam tabulam 
 eburneam de dentibus Elephantum, 8c cinguntur cingulis aurcis vno femiflc latis, 8c ftant pe- 
 dibus filentium tenentes. Circa illos ftant hiftnones cum fuis inftrumemis: In vno autem an- 
 gulocuiufdam5gnipalatijrefidcntPhilofophfonrnesadcettashoras,8cpuh6taattendentes;& 
 cum deuenirurad punftu 8c horam petitam a phr1ofopho,vnils preco clamat valenter.Inclinc- 
 tis yos omnes imperatori veftro: tuncomnesBaroneS caduntadterram; &iterum damat,Sur- 
 gite omnes, 8c illi ftatini furgunt. Iterum Philofophi adaliud pun£turri attendunt, & cum pcr- 
 ucntum fuerit, iterum prarco cfamat ; ponite digitum in aurcm,& ftatim dick, cxtrahite ipfum; 
 iterum ad aliudpunc~tum clamat, Buratatefarinam: &multa alia faciunt, qua: omnia dicunt 
 certain fignificatione habere.quac fcribcre nolui,nec curaai, quia vana funt 8c rilu digna. Cilm 
 autem peruentu fuerit ad horam hiftrionum, tunc Philofophi dicunt, facitc feftum domino, 
 8c omnes pulfant inftrumenta fua, & faciunt maximum fonitum ; 8c ftatim alius clamat ; Ta- 
 ceant omnes, & omnes tacent : Tunc accedunt hiftrionatrices antedominum dulciter tnodu- 
 lantes,quod mihi plus placuit. Tunc veniunt leones, Si raciunt rcuercntiam domino Cani ; Et 
 tunc hiftriones faciunt ciphos aureos plenos vino volaic per acrcm, & ad ara hominum fe ap- 
 
 plicare 
 
Odojicus. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 51 
 
 plicarc vt bibant. Hxc & mulca alia mirabilia in curia lllius Cams vidi, qua: null us credcret mfi 
 videret ; & ideo dimittoea. Dc alio mirabili audiui a fide dignis, quod irvvno regno ifrius Ca- 
 nis in quofuntmontesKapfci(&diciturilIudregnumKalor)nafcunti)rpeponesmaximi ,qui 
 quando iuntmaturiaperiuntur,&intusinuenicur vnabeftiolafimilisvni agnello r ficutaudiui 
 quod in mari Hybernico ftant arbores fupra ripam maris & portant fruetum ficuc eflent cucur- 
 bita;,qua; certo .tempore cadunt in aquaYn & fiunt aues vocati Bernakles, & illud eft verum. 
 
 De diuerlls Prouincijs & ciuicatibus. 
 
 DE iftoimperioKatayreceflipoi'ttresannos.&tranfiui jo.dietas verfusOccidente;& tan- 
 dem veni ad cerram Pretegoani, cuius ciuitas principalis Kofanvocatur.qua: multas ha- 
 bet lub le ciuitates, Vltra per multas dietas iui,& perueni ad vnam prouinciam vocatam Kafan; Ca&n 
 & hare eft fecunda melior prouincia muridi, vt dicitur, & eft optime habitata: Sic quod quando 
 cxitur aportavriiuseiuitatis,videnturporta:alteriusciuitatis, ficut egomet vididemultis. La- 
 titudo Prouincia: eft 50. dietarum,& longitudo plufquam 60. Inea eft maxima copia omnium 
 viciualium, & maxime caftaneorum; & ha?c eft vna de 1 2. prouincijs magni Canis. Vltra veni 
 ad vnumregnumvocatumTibek quod eft fubic&um Cani , in quo eft maiorcopia panis & -ribec rcgio aii» 
 vini, quamlitin toto mundovtciedo. Gens illius terra; moraturcommuniter in tentorijsfa- J cb «Guiiiieinio 
 (Sis ex felcris nigris : Principalis ciuitas fua muratacftpulcherrimeex lapidibus albiflimis ^ & 
 nigerrimis interefcalariter difpofitis & curiofe compofitis, & omnesvia; eius optime paua- 
 tar. In ifta contrata nullus audet crrundere languinem hominis, nee alicuius animal is, ob reue- 
 rentiamvniusldoli. In ifta ciuitate moratur Abafli 1. Papa eorum, qui eft caput & pnnceps 
 omnium Idolatrarum; quibus dat Si diftribuit beneficia fecundum morem eorum;licut nofter 
 Papa Romanus eft caput omnium Chriftianorum. Fcemina; in hoc regno portant plufquam 
 centum tricas, & habent duos dentes in ore italongos ficut apri. Quando ctiam pater alicuius 
 moritur, tunc filius conuocat omnes faccrdotes & hiftriones ,& dicit fe velle patrem fuum ho- 
 norare , & facit eum ad campum duci f cquen 1 1 bus parentibus omnibus , amicis, & vicinis, vbi • 
 
 lacerdotcs cum magna folemnitate amputant caput fuum , dantes illud fi lio iuo , & tunc to- 
 tum corpus in frufta concidunt,& ibi dimittunt.cum oratiombuscum eoredeuntesj Tunc ve- 
 ni unt vultures,de monte afliiefa6ti ad huiufmodi,& tarnes omnes afportant : Et ex tunc currit 
 famade eo quod fandhis eft, quia angeli domini ipfum portant in paradifum : Et ifte eft maxi- E*fcm hifioiia 
 mus honor, quern rcputat filius pofle fieri patri fuo mortuo : Tunc filius fumit caput patris, & ^udG™iidma 
 coquit ipfum, & comedit, de tefta eius faciens ciphum in quo iple cum omnibus de domo & dcRubrfcis. 
 cognatione eius bibunt cum folemnitate & Iauitia in memoriam patris comefti. Et multa vilia 
 & abominabiha facit gens ilia qua; nonferibo, quia non valent,nec homines crederentnifi 
 viderent, 
 
 De diuite qui pafcitur a 50. Virginibus. 
 
 DVm f ui in prouicia Manzi tranfiui iuxta palatium vnius hominis popularis, qui habuit 5 o. 
 domicellas virgines fibi continue miniftrantes, in omnibus pafecntes eum ficut auis aui- 
 culas, & habet femper 5.fercula triplicate ; & quando pafcunt eum , continue cantant dulcifli- 
 mc: Ifte habet in reddicibus Tagaris rifi 30.Thuman,quoru quodlibet decies millies facit: vnu 
 autem Tagar pondus eft afini. Palatium fuum duo milliaria tenet in ambitu;cuius pauimentum 
 femper vnum laterem babct aureum, alium argenteum : Iuxta ambitum iftius palati j eft vnus 
 monticulus artificialis deauro & argento, fuper quo ftant Monaftcria,& campanilia,& alia de- 
 leclabiliapto folatio illius popularis ; Etdi&um fuit mihi , quod quatuor tales homines Hint in 
 regno illo. Nobilitas virorum eft longos habere vngues in digitis,pra:cipuepollicis quibus Muiietum i-arui 
 circueunt fibi manus:Nobilitas autem & pulchritudo rnulierum eft paruos habere pedes : Et pties ' 
 ideo matres quando filiae fua? funt tenellae ligant pedes earum, & non dimittunt crefcere. Vltra 
 tranfiens vcrfus meridiem applied ad quandam contratam, qusevocatur Milcftorite, qua; Miieftorue 
 pulchra eft valde & fertilis ; Et in ifta cotrata erat vnus vocatusScnexde monte, qui inter duos 
 montesfecerat fibi vnummurumcircumeuntem iftosmontes, Infra iftum mutum erant fontes 
 pulcherrimi de mundo ; Et iuxta fontes erant putcherrima; virgines in maximo numero , & e- 
 quipulcherrimij&omne illud quod ad fuauitatem,&delec~tatiouem corporis fieri potcrit, Sc 
 ideo ilium locum v ocant homines illius contrata; Paradifum, Ifte Senex cum viderit alique iu- 
 uencm formofum & robuftum, pofuiteum in illo paradifo;Per quofdam autem conduces de- , 
 fcendere facit vinum & lac abundanter. Ifte Senex cum voluetit fe vindicare,vel interficere re- 
 gem aliquem vel Baronem, dicit illi qui pra:erat illi paradifo vt aliquem denotis illius regis, 
 vel Baronis introduceret in paradifum ilium, & ilium delicijs frui permitteret,& tunc darct fi- 
 bi potionem vnam, qua; ipfum fopiebat in tantum , quod infenfibilem redderet , & ipfum fie 
 
 E 2 dormientem 
 
r 
 
 5* 
 
 T he Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, Odoncus. 
 
 dormicntem taceret extra paradifum deportari:quiexcitatus & ie extra paradifumcoafpicicns, 
 in tan<atriftitiapofitusforet,qu6dnefciret quid faceret:Tunc ad ilium fenemiret,roganseum, 
 vt iterum in piradilum introduceretur; qui fibi dicic.tu illic mtroduci non poterii, ni(i calem vel 
 talemintei6cias;&fiueintcrfeceris,fiuenon,reponamte in paradifo, 8c ibidem poierisfem- 
 permanere; Tunc illc fie faceret, & omnesfeniodiofosinterticeret; Etideoomnesregesori- 
 entales ilium fenem t imuerum, & fibi tributum magnum dederunt. 
 
 t)e morte Seflis de monte; 3 
 
 CVm autem Tartarimagnam partem mundi cepiflent , venerunt ad iftum Senem , & 
 dominium illius Paradifi ab eoabitulcrunt,quimultos ficarios de Paradilo illoemifit, 
 & nobiliores Tartarorum interfici fecit. Tartan autem hoc videntcs ciuitatem, inquaerat 
 fenex oblederunr , eum ceperunt, & peflima morte interfecerunt ♦ Hanc gratiam habent 
 fratres ibidem , quod citiffiuie per virtutem nominis Chrifti Iefu , & in virtute illius fan- 
 guinispretiofi, qufmeffudr.inciuceipro.'faiute generis humani, dzmoma. ab oblelTis cor- 
 poribus expe'lunt; Ftquiamultiibidemfuntobfc(Ti,ducuntur per decern dietas ad fratres 
 ligati, quilibcraci ftatim credunt in Chriftum, qui libera uk eos habentcs ipfum pro Deo 
 fuo, & baptizati funt, & idolafua, & pecorum luoruro llatim dant fratribusj qua: funt 
 communiter dc fekro , & de crinibus mulierum: & fratres ignem in communi loco faciunt 
 ad quem populus confluit , vt videat Deos vicinorum fuorum comburi, & fratres coram po- 
 pulo Idolainignem proijciimt; Et prima vice de igne exierunt; Tunc fratres ignem cum aqua 
 benedidacorifperfcrunt,& iterum Idala in ignem proiecerunt, & demoncs in trfigie furoi 
 nigerrimi fugerunt,& Idolaremanfciuntj&combuHaiunt. Pofkaauditur clamor peraerem 
 talis, vide, vide, quo modo de habitations mea expullus fum« Et per ilfum modum fratres 
 maximam multitud.nem baptizant, qui cjto recidiuant ad idola pecorum : qui fratrc s conti- 
 nuo quafi Ifent cum illis,&:llosinforment, Aliud terribile tuit quod ego vidi ibi. Nam ciim 
 ircm per vnam vallem, quae fita elf iuxtafluuiumdeliciarum,mu!ta corpora mortua vidi,8c 
 in ilia valle audiuifonosmuficos dulces&diuerfos, &maxime de cyiharis, vnde multum 
 timui. Hsc valiis habet longitudinemfeptem,vel o£to milliarium ad plus, in quam fi quisin- 
 trat,montur i & nunquaip viuus potcft tranfire per medium illius vallis,& ideo omnes de con- 
 trata deelinant a latere: Ec centatuseram intrare,&videre, quid hoc eflet, Tandemorans& 
 Deo me recommendans , & cruce fignans , in nomine Icfu intraui, & vidi tot corpora mor- 
 tua ibi, quodnulluscrederec nifi videret. In hac valle ab vnoeius latere, invno faxo vnam 
 faciem hominis vidi, qua; l.a tenibilit.er me refpexit, quod omnino credidi ibi fuiflemor- 
 tuus: Sed femper hoc verbum (verbum caro fadu-nelr & habitauit in nobis) protuli , & 
 cruce me fignaui, nee pTopius quam per 7. ftaffus , vel 8. accedere capiti aufus fui : Iui autem 
 fugiens ad aliud caput valhs, & fupcr vnum monticulum arenofum afcendi, in quovndi- 
 que circumfpiciens nihil vidi nili cytharasillas, quas per fe (vt mihi videbatur) puliari & 
 refonaremirabiliteraudiui. Cum ver6fuiincacuminemontis,inueni ibi argentum in maxi- 
 ma quantitate, quafi fuiffent fquairae pifcium . Congregans autem iude in gremio meo 
 pro mirabili oftendendo , fed ductus confeientia , in terram proieci , nihil mecum referuans, 
 & fie per gratiam dei liber exiui» Ciim autem homines illius contrata? fciuerunt me viuum 
 cxiue,reuerebantur me multum , dicentes me baptizatum &fan£tum ; & corpora ilia fuiflc 
 darmonum infernalium qui pulfant cytharas vt homines alliciant'intrarc , & interficiant. 
 Hare devifiscenudtnaliter ego frarcr Odoricus hie inicripfi;& multamirabiliaomifiponere, 
 quia homines non credidiflent nifi vidiflent, 
 
 De honorc & reuerentia fa&is Domino Cani. 
 
 VNum tantiim referam de magno Gane quod vidi, Confuetudo eft in partibus illis quod 
 quandopredi&usdominus per aliquamcontratamtranfit,homines ante oftiafuaacccn- 
 dunt ignem &apponunt aromata,ac faciunt fumum,n dominus tranfiens fuauem fentiat odo- 
 rem, & multi obuiam fibi vadunt. Dum autem femel veniret inGambeleth, & fama vndiquc 
 diuulgaretur de fuo aduentu , vnus nofter Epifcopus , & aliqui noftri minores fratres & 
 ego iuimus obuiam fibi bene per duas dietas : Et dum appropinquaremus ad eum, pofui- 
 mus crucem fuper lignum, & ego habebam mecum in manu thuribulum , & incepimus can- 
 tare aha voce dicentes : Veni creator fpiritus : Et dum fie cantaremus audiuit voces noftras, 
 feckque nos vocari , ac iuffit nos ad eum accedere ; aim vt fupra dicTum eft , nullus audeac 
 appropinquarecurrui fuo ad ia6tumlapidis,nifivocatus,exceptis illis qui currumcuftodiunt.Et 
 dum iuiflemus ad eum,ipfe depofuit galerum fuum, fiuc capellu ineftimabilis quafi valoris, & 
 
 fecit 
 
 ■ 
 
Odor icw. 
 
 TrarTiq 
 
 ues an 
 
 dD 
 
 ncouenes. 
 
 53 
 
 fecir. reucrenciam Cruci ; & itatim incenfum pbfui in thunbulo ; Epiicopus nolter accc- 
 pic thuribulum, & thurificauic eum ; ac Shi prasdicms Epifcopus dedit be:iedi£tio'iem iu- 
 am. Accedences veio ad prsdictum dominum. Temper fibi aliqiiidofF-rendumdeferunt; fe- 
 cum illam antiquam legem oblcruantes ; Non apparebis in ccnfpeiitu meo vacuus; Idcir- 
 co portauimus nobifcum poma,&ea fibifuper vnum inciforium reuerenter obtulimus; & 
 ipfeduoacccpit, & devno aliquantulum comedit:Ec tunc fecit nobis fignum quod recede- 
 remus, ne equi venientes in aliquo nosoftenderentjfhtimqueab to difceffimus, atquedi- 
 ucrtimus , & luitiius adaliquos Barones perfratres noftri ordinis ad fidem conuerfos, qui in 
 exercitueiuserantj&cis obtulimus de pomis praedicris, qui cum maximogaudioipfaaccipi- 
 cntesitavidcbanturltEtari.acfipraibuilTemuseis familiarirer magnum muiius. Hafcpre/iicta 
 frater GuilcImusdeSolangnain fcriptis redegir, ficucpra:di<5tus frater Odoricus ore tenusex- 
 exprimebac. Anno Domini 1350. menfe Maij in loco Saniti Antonij de Padua ; Nee cura- 
 uic delatino difficili,& ftiloornato; Sed ficut ipfe narrabat ad hoc vt homines facilius intellige- 
 rent qua: dicuntur. Ego frater Odoricus deForoIulij de quadam terra quacdicitur Portus Va- 
 honisde ordinc minorum teftificor, & tefiimonium perhibeo reueicndo patri Guidoto mini- 
 ftro prouincia: San6ti Antomj in MarchiaTriuilana,cumabeofilenm perobedientiamreqni- 
 fitus, quod ha;c omnia qua; fuperius fcripta funt , autproprijs oculis ego vidi, aut a fidedignis 
 audiui:Communis etiam loquutioillarum terrarum ilia qua: nee vidi tcftatur effe; Multa etiam 
 alia ego dimififlem, nifi ilia proprijs oculis confpexiflem. Ego autem de die in diem me propo- 
 no oontratas feu terras accedere,inquibusmori,& viueremedifponOjfiplacueritDcomeo, 
 
 De raorte fratris Odorici. 
 
 ANno igitur Domini i3?i.diiponentc fe pratdifto fr atre Odorico ad perficiendum iter 
 fua: peregrinationiSj prout mente concepcrat, & etiam vc via & labor eflet fibi rr agis ad 
 merirum,decreuicprim6pra:fentiatnadire Domini &patris omnium fummi Pontificis Do- 
 mini Ioannis Papa: 22. cuius benediftione obedientiaque receptacumibcietate fratrumfe- 
 cum ire volentium ad partes infidelium fe transferrer : Cumque fie eundo verfus fummum 
 Pontificem, non multum diftaret a ciuitate Pifana, in quadam via occurric fibi quidam fenex 
 inhabituperegrini eum falucans ex nomine, Aue(inquiens) frater Odorice : Eccum frater 
 quxreretquo modo ipfius haberec noticiam? Re(pondit,Dum eras in India nouite,cuumque 
 noui faiitftum propofitum; Sed &tu modo ad conuentum vnde veoifti reuertere, quia die 
 fequenti decimo ex hoc mundo migrabis. Verbis igitur fenis attonitus&ftupefadtus.pra:- 
 fertim cdm Senex ille ftatimpoftdiflumabeius afpeiftudifparuic; reuerti decreuit ; Et re- 
 uerius eft in bona profperitate nullam fentiens grauedinem corporis, feu aliquam infirmita* 
 tern ; Cumque effet in conuentu fuo Vtinenfi. N. in prouincia Paduana decimo die, prout 
 fafta fibi fuit reuelatio,accepca communione, ipfoque ad Deum difponen te,etiam corpore ex-» 
 iflens incolumis in Domino foeliciter requieuic : Cuius facer obitus Domino fummo Pontifici 
 prajfatofubmanuNotarijpublicitranfmittitur; quifiefcribic. 
 
 Anno Domini ijji.dccimaquartadie menfis Ianuarij obij'c in Chrifto Beatus Odoricus 
 ordinis fratrum Minorum, cuius precibusomnipotensDeus multa, &varia miracula demon- 
 ftrauit; qua: ego Guetelus notarius communis Vtini,filius dominiDamianideporcuGrua- 
 rio, de mandato & voluntate nobilis viri Domini Conradi de Buardigio Caftaldionis, & con- 
 filij Vtini,fcripfi, ficut potui,bonafide,& fratribus Minoribus exemplum dedij fednon de oitw 
 nibus,quiafuut innumerabilia,& mihi difficilia ad fenbendum. 
 
 y Here beginnetli the iournall of Frier Odoricus, one of the order 
 of the Minorites, concerning ftrange things which heefawe among the 
 Tartars oftheEaft. 
 
 Ueit manp and futtK^ things are rcpojtcti bp niucrS authors concerning 
 tbefafbions ami coffljtttons of this too?lD : nottoitbtlanotng 3 frier Odoricus- 
 of Friuli, de portu Vahonis being ncOrotts to traucl tonco the frurein ann re< 
 motenations of cnrtocls ,fatoe ana rjearD great ano miraculous thitigs,tt)htch 
 31 am able truelp to anouclj. tftrttofalthcrcfojefapKngfromPerabpCon- Po . 3< 
 ftantinople, 31 arriueD at Trapefunda. Cljis place is right commootoufip ft= Tupef»nd», 
 mate, as being an Ijatien fo? tjje Perfians ano Medes,ano other countreis be= 
 ponoe trje fea.3ln tljis lantre 3 hchcloe tottrj great Delight a berp Grange fnectarle, namelp acer= 
 taint man leanina; about limb [jim mo?e tljen foure tljoufanoe uartriges^ 'She man hitnfclfe 
 
 € 3 toalfeeu 
 
 
54- 
 
 The tLnglifK Voyages 7 Nauigations, Odoricus. 
 
 ■sritf citft of a. 
 
 xaron in Arme- 
 nia maior. 
 
 SobilTacalo. 
 
 Tauri? a citieof 
 
 Pdfia. 
 
 toalkt d upon the grouno, ano tbe parcngea flem in ttje aire, tobtctj tje leooe bnto a cettamc rattle 
 calico Zauena, bring tb?ee capes iourncpoifiant from Trapefunda.'&be faioe partriges mere fo 
 tame, tljat tohen tlje man toas oefirous to lie Dctonc ano refl, tbep tooulo all come flocking about 
 him like chtchens. Jmofoheeleo them bnto Trapefunda,ano linto tljcpalaccof ttje^mpcrcttc, 
 toha toofce as manp of them as be pleafeD, ano the refl the faice man carrieo bnto the place from 
 toljence be came.Jn tins citie Ipeth tbe boop of Achanafius,bpon the gate of tlje cute. 9no their 3J 
 paffeo on further bnto Armenia maior, to a certaine citie calico Azaron, tohicbhaobeneberp 
 rtcij in oloc time, but notoe tbe Tartars baue almofi lapeo tt toatte. 31n tbe faioe citie tbete teas a* 
 feunoance of b jcao ano fleftj, ano of all otber victuals erccpt mine ano fruites. 3Dhis cttte alfo tss 
 bcrp coloe,atva tsrepo^teo to be higher fitttateD, tben anp other citp in tbeto8?lo. jt hath molt 
 bolcfame ana ftocetetoatcrs about it : fo? tbe brines of tbe fata maters fceme to fpjingano floto 
 from tlje migbtp rturt of Euphrates, tohicljis buta oapes iournep from tlje faioe cttp. 9lfo,tbe 
 faiD citie ttanosoircctlp in tbetoap taTauris. &no 31 paffeo on bnto a certaine mountaine calleo 
 Sobiflacalo. 3in tbe fo?cfaioe countrep there is tlje berp famemountatne thereupon the 3rke of 
 Noah refteo: unto tlje toljich 31 tooulo toillinglp Ijaue afcenoeD, if mp companp tooulohaue Bapeo 
 fo? me. ilpottibeit the people of that countrep report, that no man coulo euer afceno tlje fato moun« 
 tatne,bccatife(fapthep)ftpIeafethnotthehighett<Soo. 3no 31 trauaileoon further bntoTauris 
 tljat great ano ropal citp,tohich toes in olo time called Sufis. ^Ihis cttp is accompteo fo? traffique 
 of marcljanotje the chiefecitp of the too?lo: fo? there is no kinoe of bictuals.no? anp thing clfebe« 
 longing unto marcbanoi^e, ttljich is not to be hao tljere in great abunoance, %ty& citp flanos be* 
 rpcommootouflp:fo?bnto it all the nations of the toholetoo?lDe in a maner maprefo?tfo?traf» 
 fique.Conccrningthefatocitie,theChriftiansinthofepartsarcofopinion,thatthcPerfianCm« 
 perour receiucs mo?e tribute out of it, then tlje Eing of France out of all his Dominions. jfteare 
 unto tlje fato citp there is a falt-bill peeloing fait bnto the citp : ano of that fait ecb man map tafee 
 tobatplcafethbtm,notpaping oughttoanpman therefore. 3In this citp manp Chriftians of all 
 nations do inhabt'te, ouer toljiom tlje Saracens beare rule in all things, ^£hcn 31 trauetleoon fur* 
 tljerbntoacitpcalleo * Soldania, wherein the Perfian^Emperourlietlj all §>ommer time : but 
 in tointcr bee takes his p?ogrette bnto another citp flawing bpon tlje s§>ea calleo *Baku.9lfo the 
 fojcfaio citp is bErp great ano coloe,hauing gooD ano holefome toaterstherein,bnto the toljich al« 
 fo fto?e of marcljanoi^e is brought. spo?eouer 31 tcatielleo toitb a certaine companp of Cara- 
 uans totoarobppet India: ano in the toap,after manp capes iournep, 31 came bnto the citie of the 
 thech?eetotfemcn calico *Caffan, toljich is a noble ancrenotomeo cttp, fauing tljat the Tartars 
 Ijaue oettropeo a great part thereof: ano it abounoetlj toitb b?cao,tome,ano manp other contmoni* 
 ties, jfrom this citp bnto lerufalem (totjittjer the tb?ee fo?efaio totfemen mere miraculouflp leo) 
 it is ftftieoapes iournep., 'SChere be manp tooncers in this citie alfo,toljicb, fo? b?ettities fake, 31 
 omit. Jfrom tljence 31 oeparteo bnto a certaine citp called *Gefte,mhenee the Sea of Sand is oi< 
 tt ant,one oapes iournep,tohich is a mofl toonoerfttll ano Dangerous thing. 31nthis citp there is a» 
 bunoance of allkinos of bictuals, ano efpeciallp of figs, reittns,anD grapes ; mo?e (as 31 fuppoGe) 
 then in anp part of the whole too?lo befioes, 'ftbis is one of tlje th?ee p?tncipall cities in all tlje 
 Perfian (Empire. £>f this citp the Saracens repo?t, that no Chriftian can bp anp meanes line 
 therein aboue a peere. C-ljcn patting manp oapes iournep on fo?niarD, 3! came bnto a certaine ci< 
 tie calleo *Comum, Saljiclj mas an huge ano migljtie citp in oloe timt, contepning toell nigh 6T» 
 tie miles in circuite, ano hath Done in times pall great Damage bnto the Romanes, 3jn 
 it there are ttatelp palaces altogether oettitttte of inijabitants,uotmithfianoing it abounccth mitb 
 great tto?e of bittuals. jfrom hence traueiling tlj?ougljmanpcountreps,at length 31 came bnto 
 tbelano of lob nameo Hus ,mijich is full of all kinoe of bictuals, ano berp pleafantlp Ctuateo. 
 ^Ijereabouts are certaine mountaines hatting geoo patturesfo?cattelI bpon them, i£)ere aifo 
 Manna is founo in great abounoance, jf oure partriges are ^cre foloe fo? leffe then a groat, 31n 
 this countrep there are mottcomelp oloe men, Cperealfotbemeni]pmano cato, anonott(jetoo» 
 men, €bis lano bo?ocreth bpon the JQo?th part of Chaldga, 
 
 Of the maners of the Chaldeans, and of 'India. 
 
 FEom thence 3 traueleo into Chaldga , tohtch is a great kingoome, ano 31 paffea bp tlje totoec 
 of Babel. %U$ region bath a language peculiar bnto it frlfe,ano there are beautifullmen,anD 
 oefo?meo toomen. -frhe men of the fame countrep bfe to Ijaue their hairekempt,ano trimmeD like 
 bnto our toomen : ano tljep toeare goloen tttrbants bpon their heaoes richlp ftt toitlj pearle,ann 
 p?etious ttones. ^Ije tocmen are claD in a courfe fmock onelp reaching to tljetr knees,ano [jauing 
 long fleeucs hanging Dotone to the grouno.anothcpgoebare-footeD, toearingbjecchestobicb 
 reach to the gtouno alfo, "fchep toeare no attire bpon their heaos , hut their hatre hangs ntfljea* 
 
 tteleb 
 
 £)j,Sultania. 
 ^fte C«fpian 
 
 tea. 
 
 .C(, CafllbJn. 
 
 Getie. 
 
 Como, 
 
 TtietotBtror 
 Elbe). 
 
, - . I: 
 
 Odoncus. TrafTiquesandDifcoueries. . 35 
 
 ucleo about ttjeutatea : ano rljerebemanpotijectfcaiigectnua^diiu. jfcomiljcucei] came into 
 itjc louicr India, toljicb tije Tartars oucrran ano niadeD.SliiD iu tbts countrep tbe proplc eat Dates 
 fo?tIjemo!Spart J> tubereof4a.lt.aretUcre folo fo j IctTe ttjett a groat* 31 paffeD further alfomanp 
 Dapesiourncp bnto the ©ceanfea, ano clje firtt lano toljcrc 31 arriueo, is calico *Ormes, being o™». 
 toeUfojttficrj.aiiD bailing great Qoje ofmarcIjanDijeano crcafttte therein. ^>ttclj arm fo crtreme 
 iBthe beat m that countrep, tljac tbe p jtutttca of men come out of their booics ano bangbotone 
 £ttcntontotbetrititD-lcgs,3nDtl)ei'cfoietljcinljabitantBoft^efamepIace,top?cfenittbetrotonc 
 liucs,DO make a ccrtaiue otntmettt,att6 anointing rljetr pittite members tljeretoitb,Do lap tljembp 
 tncettatnebagBfaitenctJbntottjttcboot^.fd^otfjertoifctfjcpmuttnceDBotc. Jperealfaeljepofc 
 akiiiocofBarhojfiitppecaHcDlafebcingcompaettcgetrjeronelptoitbrjcmpe.ana Jiloenton 
 bottro into en? of them, ujtjercin 31 coulo not finoeanp p?on at all, ano in the fpace of 28. oaves 31 
 arriueo at the citpof Thana,nM)crein foure of our Jfrters mere marrpicb fa? tbe faitb of Chrift. J r b e a d "^^" c of 
 Ctjis countrep ts tocl!fituate,baumg abunoance of b?eao ano luinc.ano ofocljcr bictuals therein, mktt$ mei" 
 &bishingDamc in o'Dctmtc baas berp large ano bnoer tbe Dominion of king Poms, ttljc fought tton ' 
 a great battel ttutfj Alexander tlje great. %\z people of tljis countrep are ioolaters too pipping 
 fire,ferpentB ano trees. 3nD ouer all tin's lano tlje Saracens 00 beare ruIe,lnlo tooke it bp mainc 
 fojce.ano tbep cbcmfelucs are in fubiectton bnto king Daldilus. ^ijere be biuets kinos of beads, 
 asnamelpbinckclponsingreatabunDance, ano apesalfo, anomonkcis.atiobattesasbiggeas 
 ourooues. Slfo there arc mtfe as btgge as our countrep cogs, ano therefore tbep areljunteb 
 luitbDcgs,bccaufc cats are notabletoincountcrtbeim 9po?eouer,tn tlje fame countrep etterp 
 maubatija'oimoleofgreat bougbSfianDinginatuater-potbefo^e bis Doo?e,bJbicbbunDletsas 
 greatasapiller, ano it vnillnot trjitbcr,folongasbjaterisapplieotbereimto:li)itbmanpotbec 
 nouciticsaiiDlIrangc tbings,tlje relation mbctcofbooulotyceD great Delight. 
 
 How peper is had : and where it groweth. 
 
 M©jeouer,that it map be mamfedljoto peper is bao, it is to be bnoerdooo tbat it grotoetr) in 
 a certainc kingoome toljereat 3 mp felfe arriueo, being calleo * Minibar, anb it is not fo MaW) „. 
 plentiful! manp other part ofthetoojloe as it istljerc. tfo^tbetoooo unrein it groups coiuei* 
 netbincircutti8.Dapesiouniep. , anDtntbefaiotooobojfo?reCtbfrearettoo cities, onecalleti 
 
 *Flandrina,anDtbeotbcrCyncilim. 3InFlandrinab0tbIewesan0ChriftiansD0Cinbabite,Se= ©j.AHndrint. 
 
 ttocene bobom tljerc is often contention ano toarre: Ijouibelc tlje Chriftians ouercome tlje 31etoes 
 at all times. 3Intbefo?efaiotoooD pepper is hao after tljis manenfird it grotoetij ia leaues like 
 bnto pot-bcarbs,tobtcb tljgp plant neere bnto great trees as toeoo ourbtnes,arto tbep bu'ng fojtlj 
 pepper in cluflcrs.as our bines Doe peelo grapes, but being ripe, tbep are of a grcene colcur,ano 
 are gatbereo as me gather grapes, anD then the graines are lapeDintbe^unnetobcD^cD, ann 
 being o?teo are put into eartbtn bedels : ano tbus is pepper maoe ano kept. jlftoto.in tbe fame 
 toooo tbcre be manp rtuers,boberetn aregrcat do je of CrocooileSianD of other ferpent0,tohtcb tlje 
 inhabitants thereabout do burne bp tottb dram ami toitbotber D?pfetoel, anD fo tbep goto gatljec 
 tbetr pepper tottbout Danger. attbe^tttben&pftljefaiDfo?reddanDs tbe citp of Polumbrurn, poiunbnvn, 
 tobtcb abounDethbJttljmarcbanDijeof all kinos. 911 tlje inhabitants of tbat countrep do toojujip 
 a luting ore,as tbeir goo.uibom tbep put to labout f oj fire peres,ano in tbe feuentb pere tbep cattfe 
 Ijim to red from al bis too?ke,placing ljim in a folemne ano publique place ,anb calling him an Ijolp 
 bead. Sl9o?couer tbep bfe tbis f oolittj cecemonie ; Cuerp mointng tbep take ttoo bafbns,ettber of 
 Gluer.o } of golD,anD bntb one tbep rcceiue tije b?ine of tbe ore.ano toitlj tbe otber bis Dung, afttttrj 
 thebrinethep math tbeir face,tbetrepes,anD all their due fenfcs. SDf tbe Dung tbep put into both 
 tbeir cpes, tljcn tljep annoint tlje bals of tbeir cljecks tberettJttb, ano tbirolp tbeir b?ead? anb tben 
 tbrpfaptljattbep arefancttfiebfo? all tijatoap; Snoas tlje people Doe,cuenfo Doe tbeir King a«0 
 SQuccnc, %W people bJo?ujtppetJ[j alfo a Deao iDoIe,n)ljtttj,frrjm tbe nauel bptoarb,refembletrj 
 aman.anofromtbenauclDomnemarDanorc. %l)t bcrp fameSJool Deliuerso?aclesbntotbcm, 
 anDfomettmcsrequirctb tbc bloooof fourttgbfrgms fojtjts fjtrc* 9nDtberefo?etbemenoftbat 
 region do confecratetbeir Dattgljters ano tljeir fonnesbnto tbeir iDote.euen as Chriftians do tbeir 
 tbilo?en bnto fome Heligion 0? <s>amt in bcaucn. likebjife tbep facrifice tbeir fonnes anD tljeic 
 Daughters, ano fc.mucb people is put to oeatlj befoje tbe fato 31D0I bp reafon of tbat accurfeb ce» 
 rcmonp. 9lfa,manp otber bainous ano abominable billanies ooetb tbatbmtiuj beadlppeople 
 commit: ano 3 faluc manp moe drange tljings among tbem tobicb 31 meane not bere to infert, 
 9notbermodbilecudometbefojcfaiDenattonDoctbretaine:fo?:tobenanpmanDietbtbepburne -grfjc burning 
 btsoeao co.ips to aftjes: ano if bis urifefuruiuetb bint,ber tljep burne quicke,becaufe(fap tbcp)uje of *" Oea0 ' 
 u>.illaccompanpberbufbanDinbtstiltbcanDbufbanD?p,bJbenbeiscometntoanemb)oilD.^oto' 
 beittljefaio b)ifebaumgcljilD?cnbpber bufbanb, map tflT)etoiU,remaine dill altuemuljtbcm, 
 
 tottbotit 
 
56 
 
 1 he Engliili Voyages^Nauigations., Odoncm. 
 
 bJttljouc fljame 01 rcpjacb : notttiitbfiatiDing, foj tljcmoflpart,tljep all of ttjcm make choice to be 
 burnt ti) tljctr bufbanas. tftoto,a!bcit tlje totfc Dictlj befo?cljer hufbano, tljat lam biiibcibnottlje 
 bufbana to anp fucrj incouenicnce,but be map maip anotljer linfe alfo,iikcb)ifc,$ fain nation bath 
 anotljer Br angecuflomf.intbat tljctr uiomen Bunk butne.biit their men Do not. Silfo djelnomcn 
 bauc theltos $ b?obJs of tbeir epes $ bearas fljauen.but tlje men Ijaue not: limb mniip ottjet baft g 
 filtljp fafljionaijobicbtljc faioUiomtnaobfe contrarp totljenature ofdjeirfere. jrrutbat kittgaom 
 wobar,or Maiia- 31 traueileoio.oaiesioumcpunto anotljer kingDomcalUaMobar,tBb!cb contained) man;* cities, 
 f ot - tKLtttijin a certaine cljurclj oftljc fame counmp,dje bobp ofS, Thomas tlje 9poff Ic is tntcrreo^tlje 
 
 beep fame cljuccb being full of iools: anb in i 5 .Ijoufc s rouuo about the fate Cburclj.tbcre abseil 
 cettaine p?ieBs mho ace Ncttorians,tbat is to fap, falfe,ana baa ifciBiaiiSjana fel)!Cmatic,ues, 
 
 Of a ftrange and vncouth idole: and of certaine cuftomes 
 
 and ceremonies. 
 
 IJft ttje faib kingaome of Mobar there is a bjonoerfull flrang t'bole, being mabe after tlje fijape 
 anDrefcmblancc of a man,as big; as the image of out Chriftopher, ? confifliag all of mofl pure 
 ano glittering gola.ana about tlje neck thereof banged) a Bike nbano,fu! of moit rid) ? precious 
 fioncs,fome one of boljiclj is ofmoje baluedjen a niljole kingaomciiLbe feoufe of tbis tool is all of 
 beatengolD,namelptberoofe,tbepauement,anbtbeficiing oftljctoallbjidjin anatoitljout. ftnto 
 this ibol tlje Indians goon pilgrimage,as boe do bnto S.Pecer.4>ome go bxtlj baiters about tljeic 
 necks,fome buitb ttjeic banes bottnb bcljina tl)em, fome otljec toidj kuiucs flicking on tbeir amies 
 0} legs :anb if after tljeic peregrination, d)C flefl) of tbeir toounaca arme feflereclj 0? corrupted), 
 tljep etteeme tfjat limine to be Ijolp,? tbmke tljat tbeir @oa is toel pleafeo toidj djennBearebnto 
 tlje temple of tljat tool is a lake mabe bp tlje (janbs of men in an open 9 common place, tobereinto 
 tljepiIgrimcscaRgolD,Gluer,fp^eciousifa!ies,fo?tIjeljonourofdjeiDoIanb tlje repairing of bis 
 temple, 9nb tberfo?e toljen anp tbing is to be aoo?neb o^ menoea,ti)cp go bnto tljis lake taking top 
 trje tceafure toljicb toas call in, Spo;eouer at euerpperelp fcaff of tlje making oj repairing of tlje 
 fata iDol,tbe king anb queene.toitlj tlje toljolc multituoe of tlje people,? all tbe ptlgtimcs affemble 
 tljemfelues,? placingtbefaio ibol in amottflatelp $ riclj djariot,tbep carp him out of tljeit temple 
 toidj fongs,? toidj all kino of muBcalbarmonie,? a great companp of birgius gopjoceffion-toife 
 ttoo ana ttoo in a rank finging befbje bim, Spanp pilgrims alio put djemfelues bnoer tlje cbariot 
 tobeelcs.to tbe ena that tbeir falCe goa map go ouer tljeimana al tljep ouer tobom tlje cljariot run* 
 netware cruujea inpieces,? aiutaea afutiacr in tbe mibft,ana flaine itgtjtout,|?ea 3 ? in aoingtbis, 
 tbep djink djemfelues to Die moB bolilp gs fecurelp,in tlje feruicc of tbeir goa, ana bp tbis meanes 
 eucrp pere,tbereaie bnoer tbe faia filtljp ibol, mo tljcn 5oo^erfons, toljofe carkafes areburueo, 
 ana tbeir afljes are kept fo? reliques,becaufe tljep oieo in tljat fojt fo j tljeir goa. 8po)coucr tljep 
 Ijauc anotljer aeteBable ceremonp. if 0? toljen anp man offers to Die in tbe fcruice of bis falfe goa, 
 ijis parents,? all IjiS frienas affemble tbemfelues togctber toitlfa confo?t of muBcians,makina; 
 ^im a great 9 folcmnc fcafitiubtclj feaB being enaca,tljep bang s.fijarpe kniucs about bis neck ca« 
 rping Ijtm bcfoi c t be iool,?fo foone as be is come t iji t he r.lic taketlj one of i>i$ kniues crping lctt b a 
 louo boice.For the wotfhip of my god do I cut this my fiefh, ana t^cn be caBetb tbe mojfcliJJljfclj 
 tsctit,atpfaceof()iBitr9l:bacatttjeberplafltoottnDto&eretoidjljeiJmrt^£retljljtm 
 tljcfe toojBS:No w do I yeeld my fclf to death in the behalfe of my god,ana being DeaD,tjtS bobp 
 is burne»,$ is eBecmea bp al men to be Ijolp, %\)t king of tbe faia region is moB ricb in gola,fil= 
 uer,ana pjecious Bones,? tbere be tljefaireft bnions in al tlje toojlo. 'SEraueting from tljence bp 
 tlje Ocean lea jo.aaicS iournep foutljtoara.a came bnto a certain Iananameo Lammori,tobere, 
 in regara of ertreeme beat,tbe people botb men ana toomen go Bark-nnkea from top to toe: lubo 
 feeing me apparellco feoffee atme,faping, djat©on nwoe Adam ?Euetiakea,Jn tbis countrep 
 al toomen are common,fo tbat no man can fap,this ismp toifc, 9lfo toljen anp of djefaia luomen 
 beared) a fen 0} a baugljter.fije beflouies it bpon anp one tbat Ijatlj lien toidj bcc.tobo Bje pleafetfj. 
 Itkeniife al tlje lanooftbat region is poffefiea in comon,fo tbat tbete isnotmine?thine,ojanp 
 pjopn'etp of poffctfion in tbe aiuiBon of lanos: Ijotubeit eucrpmanbatlj is otone boufe peculiar tott 
 to Ijimfclfe. S@ans flcfij,if tt be fat,is eaten as ojamarilp tljere,as beefe in cur conntrp.3na albeit 
 tbe people are moBIenio,pet tbe ccutrp is ercceaing gooa,abounaingtoitb al comoaities,as flefl), 
 come,rife,filuer,golD,toooo of aloes,Campheir,ano manp otber things, i^arcbants commina; 
 bnto tbis region fo j traffique ao bfuaHp b?ing lb tbcm fat men,ftlling tbem bnto tlje inhabitants 
 astoe felbogs,iobo immeoiadpkil 9 eat tbem. 3n tljis tflana totoaras tlje foutlj.tbere is anodjec 
 kingtjome callea Simoltra, toijere botb men ana tuomen marke tbemfelues toitb rea-bot P?on in 
 1 2,umajp fpots of djcic faces: ana tbis nation is at cotinual toarre toidj certaine nakcapeople in 
 anotber region, ^ljcn3I tratteleaftutber bnto anotljer iflsma caHcolauajtlje compaffeto^ereof 
 
 bp 
 
 ^aetbflpBbe 
 
 mtfinctii Co- 
 
 Sum Jtn. 
 
 Ijiu, 
 
Odoricm. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 57 
 
 bp feats 3ooo,miles.£be king of tbis 3llanDbatb7«otljer crotonco kings unocr bisiurifoiction. 
 Cln- fain 3 tlatm is tb?ougblp tnljabttcD, 9 is t Ijougbt to be one of tfjr pjinctpall llanos of p tobole 
 too?lD. 3n the fame 31lano cljcre grotoetb great plenty ofdouciS, cubibe?,ano nutmegs,ano in a 
 toojo all kinosoffuicesaretbert to bebaD,anD great abunoanceof all Victuals eiccepc u>tnr »^[jc 
 king of tbefato lanD of Iaua Ijattj a mott bjaue ano fumptuous pallace, the mofl loftilp built, tfjat 
 euer 31 faui anp,g-it Ijatlj mofl higlj greefes 3 flapers to afceno bp to tlje roomes tljertn containeD, 
 one fravjc being of Cittern anotljer of golD,th?ougbout cbe lnljole builDing.3lfb rtjc lotocr roomes 
 toe r e pattco ail ouct unci? one fquareplate of fiiticr,? anot In r of golD, 911 1 be toals upon t be inner 
 fioetocre feeleoouer toitb plates of beaten goIo,toljertipontoereingrauen ^pictures of knigbts, 
 bauing about tbeir temples , eel) of tbem a to?eatb of goloe, aoomeD toitb precious fiones. 3Lbe 
 roofe of tbc palace toas of pure golD.SUitlj tbis king of Iaua tbe great Can of Ca tay Ijatlj ban ma= 
 np conftictes in toar : tobom nottottljftanDtng tlje faio king Ijatlj altoapes ouercome 9 banquiffjeD. 
 Of certaine trees yeelding mealejhony^and poyfbn. 
 
 N(£erc DntotbefaiD 31lano is another countrep calico Panten,oj Tathalaniafin.SluD tlje king 
 of tbe fame ronncrp tjatljmanp jlanns bnoer bis Dominion,3]n tbis lano tbere are trees peel* 
 Ding meale,bonp,$ toine,? tbe mofl DeaDlp poifon in all p" tobole too jId: fo? againli it tbcre is but 
 onsonlp remcop: $ tbat is tbis: if anp man barb taken of ppopfon^ tooulD beoeliuereo from tbe 
 Danger tljcrof.letbmtcmpertbe oung of amanintoaterjffoti^inkeagoobquantitptbercofjgf it 
 erpcls tlje popfon immeDiatlp,making it to auoio at tlje funoement. Sl&cale is pjoouccD out of tlje 
 faio trees after tbtsmancr.C&cp be migbtpbuge trees, anD tobentbep are cut toitb an are bp tlje 
 grotmo, tbcre itfuctb cut of tbe flocke a certain licour likebnto gumme , tobicb tbcp take ann put 
 into bags maDc of lcaues,Iaping tbem fo? 15 Dates together abjoao in tlje fun,$ at tbeenD of tbofe 
 1 5 Dapcs,toben tlje faio licour is tb?ougljlpparcbeD, it becometb meale.^ben tbep fleepe it firfl 
 in fea toater,toaujing it aftertoaro toith freflj toater, anD to tt is maoc berp gooD 9 fauon'e pafle, 
 toherof tbepmake citljcr meat } b?eao,as tbcp tbinfee gooo. ©f toljiclj b?eao 31 mp felfe DiD eate, 
 9 it is fapjer toitbout j fomctobat b jotone toitljin. 13p tbis countrep is tlje fea calleD Mare mor- a fea wmntaa 
 tuu, tobicb runnecb contiuuallp <§>outbtoarD, into j} tobicb toljofbeucr falletlj is neuer fcene after, uiatf. ""'' 
 Sin tbis countrep alfo are founo canes of an increoible lengttj, namelp of 60 paces b.iglj 0? maje, 
 $ tbcp are as biggras trees, ©tber canes tbere be alfo calleo Caflan, tobicb ouerfpjeao tlje cartft 
 like grafle, f out of cuerp knot of tljem fp jingfoo?tb certaine b?ancljes,toljiclj are continueD bpon 
 me grouno almott fo? t be fpace of a mile. 3|n tbe fapD canes tfjere are faunD certaine Cones,one of 
 toljiclj Itoiies.tobofoc tier carrpetlj about toitb ¥m, cannot be toouttDeo toitb anp p jon: $ tljercfoje 
 tbe men of tbat countrep foj tlje moCpart, carrp fuebffones toitlj tbem, toljitberfocucr tljep goe, 
 S^anp alfo caufc one of tbe armes of tljeir cbilD jen,toljile tljcp ace pong.to be launceD,putting one 
 of tbe faio floncs into tlje toouno, bealing alfo, ano doling bp tbe faio toouno toitb tbc potoocr of 
 a certaine fiiijf'tbcname tobereof 3 do doc knoto) tobicb potoDcrootb immeoiatlp confolisatc ano 
 turctljcfaiD toouno. 3nobptbebertueoft!jcfeftones, tbe people afo?efaiD Doe foj the moft part 
 triumpbbotlj on fea ano lanD.t)otobeittbete is one kino of 8ratagfme,tobicb tbe enemies of tbis 
 nation, knotoing tbc berttte of tbe fapD Rones, Doe p^actifeagaintttljem: namelp, tljcppjouioe 
 ttemfelues armour of p jon o? lleele againtt tljeir arrotoes,gttoeapons alfo potfoneo toitb tljcpop< 
 fon of trees, $ tbep carrp in tljeir Ijanos tooooen Hakes mod ujarpe gt baro-pointcc,as if tbcp mere 
 pjon : liketoife tljep (boot arrotoes toitljout p?on ljcaDS,ano fo tbep confounD 9 flap fomc of tbeir 
 bnarmeo foes truGing too fecurelpbncottjeDertueoftljeirflonc0,aifooftbefo?efapD canes cal= &, r i«mabe 
 IeD Caffan tbep make faples fo? tbeir fijips.anD litle boufes, ano maup otljer neccfTaries. from nf "ft™- 
 tbence after manp Dapes trauell, 31 arrtueD at anotber kingoome calico Campa.a mofl beautiful c a m P ». 
 anD ricrj countrep, 9? abotmDing toitlj all kino of bictuals : tlje king toberof, at mp being tbere,ljaD 
 fo manptoiuesg:cancubines,tbatrje baDjoo fonncsjDaugbtersbptbf. 'Ebiskingbatb 10004 
 tame CIcpbants,tobicb are kept cuen as toe keepe Djoues of oren,o? flocks of ujeepe in paflure. 
 
 Of the abundance of fifhes ,which caft thefelues vpon the fhore. 
 
 IB5 tbis countrep tbere is one flrange tbing to beobferueD,£ eucrp fettcral kino of fiiijes in tljofe 
 ft as come ftoimming totoarDs tbe faio countrep in fuelj abunDance,tljat,fo? a great otflance tn» 
 to tbe fea,notljing can be feenc but § backs of fiujes: tol)icb,catting tljeTelues bpon tlje ujojc tobrn 
 tbep come necre bnto it, do fuller mcn,fo? tbe fpace of 3 .Daies,to come f to take as manp of tbe as 
 tbcp pleafe.f tben t b?p retuime againebnto tbe fea. 9fter tljat kinD of fifbes comes anotljer kino, 
 offering it felfe aftertljc fame maner,anD fo in like fojt all otber kinostobatfoeuer: nottoitbaan^ 
 Ding tbep do tbis but once in a pere. 9ne 31 oemaunoeD of tbe inbabitants tljcrc, boto, 0? bp toljat 
 meanes tbis flrange accioent coulD come to pafTe':Ebep anftocreo,tljat ftujes toere taugbt, euen 
 bp nature, to come 9) to do bemage bnto tljeir Cmperour. ^Ijere be Torcoifes alfo as bigge as an To ™ ires . 
 
 mt\u 
 
58 TheEngliih Voyages,Nauigations, Odoricm. 
 
 ouen.Sgan? otber things 3 fato tobtclj are incredible,bnlefle a man ftjoulo fee tbem toitb bis oton 
 eics,3u cijis country alfo dead men are burned,? tbeir tomes are burned altue toitb tljem,as in tlje 
 ctcp of Polumbrum aboue mcnttoneotfo? tbe men of tbat countrp fap tbat uje goetb to acccmpanp 
 &im in anotljer too jlo,tbat be fljoulo take none otbet toifc in maf iage. Sg)o?eouer 3 traueleo on 
 further bp t(je occan-fea totoards tlje toutb.? paffeo tlj?ougb manp countries ano ifianos,tobcrof 
 MoumoHD. one is called Moumoran,? it cotainetb in compaffe ii,Sg),niilc8,toljerin men ? toomen bauc dogs 
 faces,am> too?fljip an ore fo? tbeir god;ano tberefoje euerp one of tljcm carp tlje image of an ore of 
 gold 0} Gluerbpon tbeir fo jeheaos. W$t menano tlje toomen of tljis countrp go allnakeo,fauing 
 ttjat tbep bang a Unen clotb before tbeir p?iuities. Cbe men cf tbe Cato countrp areberp tall ami 
 migbtp,ano bp reafon tbat tljep goe nakedjtoben tbep are to make battell,tbep carp pjon 0? deele- 
 tar jet s bef )t tljem,tobtcb do couer and defend tbeir bodies from top to toe : and toljomlbeucr of 
 tb ar foes tbep take in battel not being able to rantbm bimftlfe fo j monep,tbep p?efentip oeucure 
 Ijimrbut if be be able to redeems Ijimfelftfo? monep,tbep ietbim go free, Eb.eic &tag toearetb a* 
 bout bis necke ^oo.grcat and mod beautifull bnionS, and fai'b euerp dap 3 0041 jape re buto bis 
 gos. l£)e toearetb bpon bis finger alfo a flone of a fpan long , tobtcb feemetb to be a flame of fire, 
 ano therefore toben be toearetb it, no man dare once app jocb onto bim : ano tbep fap t&at tljere is 
 not anp done in tlje toljolc too?lo of mo je balue tljcn it. jaeitljer could at anp time tbe great Tar- 
 tarian ^mperour of Katay eitber bp fa jce.monep.ojpolttie obtaine it at bis bands: nottoitbftan* 
 ding tljat Ije b .itlj Done tlje b tniofl of bis 1 ad atotir foj t Ijis purpofe. 
 
 Of the ifland ofSylan : and of the mountaine where jfdam 
 mourned for his fonne Abel. 
 
 IPalfed alfo bp anotfjer iflatd calU Sy lan,toljiclj conttinetlj in topafTe aboue ii.fp.milesttober* 
 in arc an infinit number of ftrpents,? great do?c of lions,beares,?al kinds of rauening ?toilu 
 bealls,and efpcciallp of elepbants. 3 n tbe faio countrp tljere is an buge mountaine, toljercupon 
 tbe inhabitants of tljat regtrj do rcpo y tljat Adam mourned foj Ijisfon Abel p" fpareof 50o,peces, 
 3In tbe mind of tijis miutain there is a mod beautiful plain,tobcrm is a litle lake c5tcining great 
 pletp of toater,toljicb toatcr $ tnljabitants repojt to batte p>ce ede d fro tbe tcares of Adam ? Euc: 
 botobeit 3 pjoued tb>u to be falfe,becaufe 3 fato tbe toatcr Soto in tlje lake.^bte toater isful of 
 bc?f-leecbes,?blooo-fuckcrs,? of precious Hones alfottobtcb pjeciousdones tljeking taketljnot 
 bnto bis otone bfe, but once } ttoife euerp perc be permittetlj certainepooje people to oiue bnder 
 tlje tuatcrfojj) faio Cones,? al tljat tbep can get be bedotoetlj topon tbem.to tlje end tbep map pjap 
 fo? Ijis fouKTPuc v tljcp map toitb It fle danger dine bnder tlje toater,tbep take limons toljicb tbep 
 pil,anointtng tljernfelues tb jottghlp toiilj tbe iuice tbcrof,? fo tbep map oiue naked bnder $ toatcr, 
 tbe hojf-leecbes not being able to ljurt tbem,ff rom tljis lake tbe toater runnetb ruenbnto tbe fea, 
 ano at a loto ebbe tlje inbabttants dig rubies, diamonds, pearls,? other precious (tones out of tbe 
 ujoje:toberupon it is tljottgbt, tljat $ king of tfjis iHano Ijatb greater abiloance of pjetious (tones, 
 tljen anp otber monarcb in tlje toljole carttj befids. 3n tlje faid countrp trjete be al kinds of beads 
 and foulest? tlje people told me,tbat tljofe beads tooulo not inuaoe no; butt anp dranger,but onlp 
 tlje natural inljabit«nts.3 fato in tbis idano fouls as big as our countrp geefe,ljauing ttoo Ijeaos, 
 and otber miraculous tljings, toljiclj 3 totll not Ijere to?tte off. ^raueiing on fuctfjer totoaro tlje 
 «i,Dadin. foutb,31artiueoatacertaini(lanocalledBodin,tobicbfignifictbtnourlanguagevnclean.3ntbi)S 
 ifland tljere 00 inljabit mod toickeo perfons,toljodeuour ? eat rato flcflj comitting al kmos of bn« 
 cleannes ? abominations w fuclj fo? t ,as it is in credible .fo j tbe fatber eat c tb bis Con,? tbe fon jjujj 
 fatber,tljebufbano Ijis otone toife,? tb» toife ber bufband: ano tbat after tljis maner.3f anp mans 
 fatber be fick.tbe fon draigbt goes Unto tbe footlj-faping 0? p jognoflicating p?ied,requeding Ijim 
 to demand of bis goo.toljet Ijer bis fatber fijall recouer of tljat inftrmitp 0; no *8 %\}tv. botb of tljem 
 go bnto an idol of gold 0? of filuer,making tbeir pjaicrs bnto it in maner folototng: Lord.tljou art 
 our god,? tljee toe 00 ado?e,befeecbtng tbe e to refolue bs,tobctber fucb a man mud die ,o? recouer 
 of fuclj an infirmit v ot no*: Cljen tbe oiucl anftocr e tlj out of v fojefaio idol: it be faitb(lje djal liue) 
 tben retttrnetb bis fon ano minidretlj t tings necetfarp bnto ljim,ttl ijctjatrj attained bnto bis fo?« 
 met bealtlj: but tf be faitb(be fljal oie)tben goes pp?iedbnto tint,? putting a clotb into bis moutb. 
 ootlj drangle bim t bcrr toitb: toljicb being oone,be cuts bis dead boop into mojfels,? al bis friends 
 and kinffolks are inuiteo bnto tbe eating thereof, tottlj tnufique and all hinde of mtr tb ' botobcit 
 bis bones are folemnclp buried, And toljen 3 founo fault toitb that endome demanding a reafon 
 tbereof, one of tljem gaue me tljis anftoere: tljis toe doe, lead tbe toojmes ujoulo eat bis fleflj , fo; 
 tben bis foule ftjould fttffer great torments, neither could 3 bp anp ineancs remoouc tbem front 
 tljat errour. Spanpotbernoueltiesanodrangetbingstberebeetn tljis countrcp,tobicb no man 
 tooule creoite,bnles be fato tbem toitb W otone cpes^otobcit,3 (before almigbtp ©od)oo bere 
 
 make 
 
Odoricm. Trafriques and Difeouenes. 50 
 
 mafecrelatiotiofnotI)mgl«icoftl)acouip,ttljicrcof3iaitiaisrure,aBamamnapb£Curri Ccncer* 
 ntngt^efojefaiDilianiisJtnqutrcDofDtufrsuJCl-EicpcticrtcplipcrronB.tojoalcft^mi.asittoci-c 
 toith one confcnt.anftoereD mefaping.'SI.bat this lndiacontaihcD44co,tBahfe»nDec it,o} toitlj* 
 mitttntobicb iflanOstfjcrearcfticciEatttifoutecrotoutaktftgS :anDtl)f}>faprtt6;couEr J that the 
 greater part of tbofe iffanos ace toel inbabitcB. 3no here 31 co'nclubc cocrmm g that part of India. 
 
 Of the vpper India : and of the prouirice ofMancf; fl»j,cM ra . 
 
 F3!rB of altljerEfoje.bamngtrauEUD manp Dapes iournep upo ibe Ocean- fea toUiaru tlje CEaft, 
 at length 3i arriueo at atertainegreatpjouincecalico Mancy, being tit tatmc nameo Indian 
 CoBCcrningtljtB India 31 inqttireDof ChriHians,of Safacci»s,?ot idolateis^no of alfutbaa bare 
 anp office tonDer the great Can. ftHbo all of them toith one content anftocreDjt Ijat this pjotiince of 
 MaDcy^atljmotbm2ooo.greatrittestoftbmtbepjecinct8t!)ercDf i $t!jfitieabotmDetbii)ttbaU 
 plempof utctual8,as namelp toith b jeao, toine, rift,fle(b,anb 60). 9ll the men of this piouince be 
 artificers $ marcbants,tobo,tbougb tbEp be in neucr to crtrcme penurir, fo tonj as Ay. p can help* 
 tljcmfelueabptijelabo^oftbeirhanos.UJilneuerbesalmecefasipmaiiX&eiUfnoftliispjouiiicc 
 areofafaireariDpmelppErConage.btttfomettbatpalCjbauingtfjeir^DKfijauenbtitaiitletbut 
 tljetoomenaretbemoffbeautifuIbnDertljcftmHe.'Cljefirftcitpof pfaio India toijicij33camebu» 
 to.is calleo Ccuskalon.tobich being a oaies tournep oifont fro the fea.ff anosbpon a riurr.the toa- ©!,c«uiurit 
 ter tol)ereof,nerc unto crje mbutb,toi;ere it eroncratetb it fclfc into ttjc fca 3 oot b out rfloto t foe lano 
 fojtlje fpaceof 1 2, baies tournep, SUtbeinbabitamsoftfjisIndhiere iuojibippersoficolsxije 
 foitfaiD citp of Ceuskalon barb fucbanbugc naupbelongijigtijercunto.djatnonianlsotilcbe* 
 leeue itsaleffE be ftouto Ceetc.Jntlns citp 31 fate ? oo.'iof goeo jncto ginger folb fc j Irffc t'ben a 
 groat/Cberr arE t!je greatcff,ano t&e fairett gcefe >$ tnott plemp of them to be folo in al the tohole 
 too jls.as 3J fuppofcubepare as tobtte as milke 3 ano baue a bone upon the erouine of their brass as iit mtsmttb 
 ligge as an cgge,be(ng of tbecolourof fatooo: tmbct their tb>st thep l/auea ffc'n o? bag banging r p B c " s"w]f clj 
 Botoneljslfe a foot.'&ljepare crceeoing fat ?toel fol5 t SUfo tbep baucDucbsamj bens in trjat coun= «» Afawma 
 trp,one as big as ttoa of ours.Cberc be mofiroos great fcrpentsliketoifc.tobicb arc taken bp the 
 Inhabitants 9 eutcn: Whereupon a folemne feaS among tljem toitbout ferpents is nougbt fet bp: 
 Mrt>tobcbnefe : int!ns citp tberearealkinbsofbicr«alsingreatabimi)3ncc,jrromtbence31 pafe 
 feo bp manp cities,? at lengtlj 31 camebnto a citp names Caitan, toblriM p friers spine jiccs- bsue ®ifc*°*, 
 ttooplaces of aboao^nto tbe tobich 31 tranfpojtEti the bones of the beao friersytobtelj faffreD ntar* 
 tpjomnfoj the faith of Chrift,as it is aboue mentioneo. 3In this citp there is abunbance of al kino 
 of aictualstoerp cheap. Che fato citp is as big as ctoo of Bononia,? in it arc manp mottatteries of 
 religious pcrfons.al tobich 00 toojQjip tools. 31 nip felfe toas in one of tiiofe^cnaBeries,? it toas 
 toll) me^hatthere mere in itiii.C^ t reIigionsmen,battingici,9p.iDoIs:anti one of pTam tools tobicfj 
 fetmebtaito me bat litle in f egarb of the reff,toas as big asonrChriifopher. ftoefe religious meR 
 Eacrp bap bo fceb their iocl-goos :tohertipon at a certaine time 3! ttent to bebolb the banquet :ano 
 inDee'o thofe things mbich thep brought tmto them toere gooo to eat,? fuming hote.infomuch tljat 
 theCcamcof the fmofee thereof afcenoeDbp bnto their iuols,? thep fato that their go&s lucre re* 
 frelbeo ttith the fmofee:bou>lrtit,all tbe meat thep conucpeo atoap,eating it up their nine felues, 
 «nb fo thep feb their Dumb gobs tt>itb the fmoke onelp. 
 
 Of the citie Fucd. 
 
 T&attelmgmojecalltoarbjl! came bnto a rttpnameo Fuco^tobtcb cctittfrtct^ i o.milfs in rir« 
 cuit.toherinbe trcceoing great | faire cocKSianB al their hens areas injjite as the berp fnoto, 
 ftauing tool in ffeao of featbers.lifcebnto u)eep,3i t is amoft ttatelp g> beautiful citp gpHanoetb bpon 
 the fcadjen 31 tocnt 1 8.oaies iourncp on further,?palTeb bp manp pjotttnees 9 cities,ani> in the 
 toap 31 toent oner a certain great mountaine.bpon p one fioe thereof 3 bcljtlo al liuing crer.tures 
 to be as Mark as a cole,? the men anb toomm on that fioe niffcreD fomtohat in maner of litting fro 
 others: botobeic.on the other Cue of the fato bil cucrp liuing thing toas fnoto-toljitc,? thci '.{jabi* 
 tants In their maner of liutng,tocre altogether bnltke bnto otOers.Cljere,all maries toomen carp 
 in token that tljepbaue hufbanDS,agreat trunke of bo?ne bpon their hcaos. jFrcm tljence 3; tra' 
 uetleo 1 8,uapes iournep furtber,anti came bnto a certaine great riuer.ano entereo alfo into a citp, n SlM , ttaeit 
 toherennto belongctlj a mightp bn'oge to paffe the fato riucr, 9nb minr hoffE toith toljom 31 fo-- 
 WHrneb^eingtiefiroustoujetomefomefpojt.faitibntome ; &ir J ifpoutoillfecanpfji'b taken, 
 pe toith me, Chen hce let) me bnto the fo jefaio b jioge, carping in his armes toith him certaine 
 
 1, 
 
 biue-ooppers 0} toater-foules, bonnb unto a rompanp of poles, anb about cucrp orfjMrbe 
 necks he tien a th?eeb,leaS thep fijoulo eat the Bflj as faft as thep tooke themtanD he car ie^igre 
 
 petr jfmiicB cfltcj)< 
 'i^reat m8fi *- 
 bafbetstottbbimalfo:tbenloofctibetbe bitte-ooppcrs from thcpoles,tohichp?efentip toent into 
 the mm,9 toithin leffc then the fpace of one boure,caugbt as manp Sibes as Rllco the 3 .baf kcts : 
 
 tobicb 
 

 6o 
 
 The Englifh Voyages ? Nauigations, Odoricm, 
 
 ©|Can(ai,0| 
 Quinzai. 
 
 ■3TJJC Traltan cot 
 PP illRamuHuf, 
 tiatti uooo. 
 fcjiDgcs, 
 
 tobicb being full,mine boGebntpcD the tbjeebs from about ibeit Hecfecs,anb entering the fecouo 
 time into the riuer ttpep feb themfelues toith fifi;, and being fatiffieD tbcp returneb ano furf ered 
 themfelues to bebouno bntotberan)e,paIesastbfp toercbefojc, 3ndtobi:n31 bioeate of tijofe 
 fi(Ij£B,me thought tbep toereercceoinggooo, ^rauailing tbenremanp capes iourncpB,at length 
 31 arriueo at another citp calIed*Canafia,tolncb fignificth in our language,thc citp of beauen j3c- 
 uerinallmpufeDid3 fee fo great a titictfo? it contetnetb in circuit anbtmdjetfo mileetntitbet 
 fatoe 31 anp plot thereof, tobicb roasnot ttjjottgblp inhabttco : pea, 31 fatoe manv boufes of tenne 
 o? ttocluc ftoucs bigb,one aboue another, 3t bath mtgrjtte large fulurbs containing mojcpecple 
 then the citie it felfe. 9tfo it hath ttoelue principal! gates : ano about the biffance of tight miles, 
 intbebigbtoapbntocuerponeof tfjefaioegateiltanoetbacitpas bigbp ettnnation as Venice, 
 ano Padua. ^hefojefaiDcitpofCanafiatgfttuateoinlijatersojmariheg.tobichaltoapesQano 
 Bill neither ebbing no? flotoing: botobeic it hath a defence fo? tbetoinde itke bnto Venice, 
 31n this citie there are mo then iooo2.b?idgcs,manptobercof 31 numbjeo anb patted ouer them: 
 anb bpon euerp of thofe budges tf and certaine toatchmen of the citie , keeping continuall toatcb 
 ano toarb about thefaiDcitpjfojtbegceat Can the vlmperour of Catay-.Che people of this conn* 
 trepfap,that tljcp baueoneouetie iniopneb bnto them bp their to?b: fo? c uerp fire papeth one Ba- 
 lis tn rcgarb of tribute: ano a Balis is fiue papers o j pieces of fllke.tobicb are toonh one flo?en ano 
 an rjalfe of ourcoinc. iEemie o? ttoelue boulftolds areaccompteo to? one urc,auD fo pap tri- 
 bute but fs?<me fire onelp. 31 thofe tributarp fires amount bnto the number of 85.Thuman,toitb 
 Other foureThuman of the 3aracens,tohicb make 89,ftt aV, 3ttDone Thuman coftflctl) of loooo. 
 
 fires. 'Cbercfioueoftrjc people of the citpare fomeof them Chriftians,Come marcbants,ano 
 iome traueilcrs though the countrep : tobereupon 31 marueilcd mucb.botoe fuel; an in infinite 
 number of perfons coulo inhabite ano hue together. 'SCbems great abounbanee of bictualsin 
 th, is citie,as namelp of b?ead ano mine, ano efpeciallp of bogf-flefbjtottb other neceffaries, 
 
 Of a Monaftery where many ftrange beaftes of diuers 
 kindes doe Hue vpon an hill. 
 
 1J2 the fo jefaioe citie foure of our friers Ijab conuerteo a mightp ano riclje man bnto the faith of 
 Chrirt,attoho&boufe 3 continuallp abode, fo? ft long time as 3 remained in the citie. rSBbo 
 bpon a certainetime fttoe bnto me : Ara,tbat is to ftp, Facher,toi!l pou goe anb behaloe the citie': 
 9m> 31 ftid.pea, 'fthen embarqued toe our fdues, ano Directeb our courfe bnto a certainc great 
 ^onafferp:toberebefogarruied,be called areligious pcrfontoitbtohomhe teas acquainteo,ftp* 
 ing bnto him concerning me : this Raban Francus, that is to fap.this religious Frenchman com* 
 metb from the cliUetterne parts ofdje too?ld, anb is nolo going to the citp of Cambaleih to p?ap 
 fo? the life of the great Can , anb therefore pou muft Ibeto him fome rarething, that toben bee re* 
 turneBinto his otone countrep,be map fap.this ftrange fight oj noueltp haue 31 fente in the citp of 
 Canaiia. 3Lhen tbeftid religious man tooke ttoo great bafkets full of broken relfques tobicb re* 
 maineb of the table,anb leo me bnto a little toalleb parke,the boojic uihereof he bnlockeo toitb ht« 
 fetp,ano there appeareb bnto bs a pleafant faire greene plot , into the rebut) toe entreb. 3n tlje faio 
 greeneftanosalulemount inftnmeef afieeple, rfpleniOjebtoith fragrant herbes,«nb fine Cbaop 
 trees, 9no tohile toe Uooo tfjere.rje tooke a cpmball o? bell, ano rang thcretoitb, as thtp bfe to 
 ling to oinner 0} betwir in cloifters, at the founo tobereof mf np creatures of ciucrs kinbs came 
 bourne from the mount,fome like apcs,tbme like cats,fonie like monfeeps ; ann fome bauing face« 
 like men. 9no toljile 31 fiooo bebolmttg of them,thep gathereb thcmfelues together about bim.to 
 the number of 4 zoo.of thofe creatures,putting themfelues m gooo ojtoer, before tol;om he fct a 
 platter, ano gaue them the fain fragments to eate. 3nb toben tbep bao eaten he rang bpon his 
 cpmbal the fecono time,anb thep al rcturneb bnto their former places. , &ben,toonb?ing greatlp 
 at thematter,3! bemanoen tobat kino of creatures thofe might be*: €bep are(quoth bOthefoules 
 of noble men tohicb toe 00 here feed, fo? the loue oftSoo toho gouernetb the toojlo : ano as aman 
 toas honorable 0? noble in this life/obisfouie after Death, entceth into theboop of rente excellent 
 beaft 0? other , but the foules of Ample ano rufiicall people bo poffefle the bocies of mo?c bile ann 
 bjutifi) creaures. 'Sttjen 31 began to refute that fouic erroj: botobeit mp fpeach oib nothing at all 
 pjcuaile totth tym : fo? bee coulb not be prrftoaoeo that anp foule might remaine toithout a beep. 
 Jfrom thence 3 bepartcobntoacertaine citie namtb Cbilenfo,tl;e toallstohercof conteineD4o. 
 miles in circuit. 3n this citp there are 3 6o.bjibges of fione, the faireft that euer 31 ft to: anb it is" 
 toelifih^biteD,hauing a great nauie belonging thereunto, $ abounoing totth all kinos of bictuaW 
 ano otlKpxommobities. 9no thence 3 toent bnto a certatne riuer calleb Thalay.tohichjtolierc it 
 ismoftnarroto,ig 7.miIcsb?oab: ano it runneth though the nuofiof thclanbofPygrr.a;i,tohofe 
 chjefe citp is calleb Cakam, anb is one of the gooblieft cities in the toojio. '©hefc Pigmarans are 
 
 Cbilcnto. 
 
 Thaby. 
 
Qdoricus. Traffiques ? and Difcoueries. <5i 
 
 tb?eeofmpfpansbunj,anot!)cpmake larger ano better ciocijof cottcn ano iilke , then anp o= 
 thee nation bnoer tbe wnnc. anocoafling along Dp t&e faioe trtticr , 31 came fanto a ccrtatne cuie 
 nameo Ianzu, in uoljiclj citie there is one receptacle fo? tlje .friers ot our o?oer , aim there Le alfo Ianm 
 tb?ec Churches oftrje Neftoriaiis, flbis Ianzu is a noble ano great citie , containing 48 1 hu- 
 man of tribtttarte 6ers, ano in it are all kinoes of bictuals, ano grcatplentpof fiich bcattcs, 
 ou'gs an & fiiijefli , as CIj?:Ilian0 Doe bfuallpliucbpou. 'CIjelojDof tlje fame cttie barb 'npcerclp 
 reucnues fo? fait onelp , fiftie Thuman of Balis, ano one balis is boo jtlj a floren anb a Ijalfc of our 
 ropne: infomucb that one Thuman of balisamountctb unto tljebalneof flftecne tljoufanoflo* 
 rens. Bpo'oJbcit tlje fapo lo?o fauouretbbis people in onerefpect, fo? fometimes Ije fo?giucth 
 tljem frcelp ttoo buno?co Thuman , leaG there Ibcttlo be anp ftarcitpo? Hearth among them, 
 tljere is a cuftome in this citie, that brijen anpman is octcrminco to banquet bis friciiD0,goinij 
 about unto certaine taucrnes 0? cookes Ijottfcs appointee fo? tlje fame ptirpofc, be faptlj bnto cue* 
 rp particular botte , pou (ball batte fucb, ano fucb of mp fticnocs , toljom pou mti9 intertable in 
 mp name , ano fo much 31 brill beffotoe upon tlje banquet, 3no bp tljat meanes bis fricnDrs are 
 teeter feaOeo at otuerfc places, then the? ftoulo bane beene at one. Crnnc miles from tbe fapce 
 cttie, about tbe Ijeao of tlje f o?cfapo riuer of Thalay .there is a ccrtaine otber citie calico Montu, 
 tobicb &atb tbe greatrfl nanp t&at 3 fato in tlje brijole ujd?Io. 911 tljeir fijips are as toljtte as fnoto, 
 ano tbcp lj.wie banqueting Ijoufes in tljem, ano manp othjee rare tljmgs alfo,toijicb no man tooulo 
 Mi t nc, bnlcffcbe Jjao fecne tbemtoitljljisotoneepcs* 
 
 Of the citie of Camhatetk 
 
 TKauciling eight bapes t'ournrp furtljer bp oiucrs tent to?ies ano cities, at lengtlj 31 came &p 
 freujtoatcrbneo a ccrtaine citie nameo Lencyn, fianoing upon tlje riuer of * Karauoran, Karamoian, 
 tohich runneth tb?ouglj tbemtoH of Cataie, ano ooctb great barme in tbe cottiurcp toben it ouer- 
 flotoetb tbe bankes>o? b?eakctlj foojtb of tlje cbancll. tf rom thcncepalTing along tbe riuer €att= 
 toarb, after manp capes trauell, ano tbe figbt of oiuers cities,3i arriueo at a citie calico *Suma- snmacow, 
 ikoto, tobicb atounoetljmo?etoitb fttke then anp otber ciiie in tlje too?Io : fo? toljrn tbere is 
 great fcarcitic of Hike, fojtiepouno is £b!o fo? IcfCe trjen eight groates . Jn this citie there is a* 
 btmoance of all mercbanoije, ano of all kinoes ofbictuals alfo, as of b?eao, Urine, flelh,fiuj, toith 
 all cljoife ano Delicate fpices. Crjett trauelling en ftill totoarostbe «caQ bp manp cities, 3 came 
 touto tbe noble ano rcnotomeo citie of Cambaleth, mijtcb is of great amtquitie, betngfttuate in 
 tbe p?ouince of Cataie. 'Sljis citie tlje Tanars tooke, ano ncere bnto it toitbin tbe fpace of balfe a 
 tnile,tbcp built another citie calico Caido. %\$ citie of Caido batljttoelue gates, being cnclj of 
 tljem tbjo miles oittant from another ♦ 9Ifo tbe fpace Iping in tbe mtofl bettoecne tlje ttoo fo?c= 
 fapo cities is berptoellano tb?ougb!pinbabiteo, fotb#tthepmake asittocre bin one citie be» 
 ttoecne tbem botb. 'Sbe tobole compafle 0? circuit of both cities togctbcr,ts ^infics. 31n this ci« 
 tie tlje great empcrour Can Ijatlj bis pjmcipall feat, ano bis 31mperiall palace, the bmls of biljicb 
 palace containe foure miles tn circuit : ano nccre bnto this Ijis palace are manp otber palaces ana 
 ftoufes of bis nobles boljicb belong bnto bis court. SBitbtn tbe precincts of tlje fapo palace 3impei 
 riall, there is a mott beautifull mount, fct ano repleniujeo voitlj trees , fo? toljicb caufe it is calico 
 tbe sS?eene mount, bauing a mod ropall ano fumptuous palace flanomg thereupon, in tobicb, fo? 
 the mofl part, tbe great Can is rettocnt* 51pontbcone Coeoftlje fapo motmt tbere is a great 
 lake, tube reupon a mott tlatclp b?ioge is built, in biljich lake is great abunoance of geefe,D«cks, 
 ano all kinoes of bjaterfoulcs x ano in tlje bJooogrobringbpon tlje mount tljere is great tto?eof 
 all biros.ano biiloc beafls. 9no tljerefoje bJljcn tlje great Can mill folate Ijimfelfebritb bunting 
 0? banking, he nccos not fo mttclj as ones to flcp fo?tlj of bis palace. S^o?eottertbcp?mcipaUpa' 1 
 lace, bihereinbemakctbbis abooe,isberplarge,bauingb3itbinit 1 4 pilfers of 50IOC ano all tlje 
 toalics tijereof are bangeo bJitlj rco fkinnes,b)bich arc fapo to be tlje moil cofllp fkinncs in all the 
 1bo?Id. 3Jntljcmiott of tbe palate tfanDcsaciftcrneoftbio pares high, tobicljconfiftctbofap?cit* 
 bus ttone callea Mcrdochas.ano is bJ?eatljco about toitlj goloe, ? at ecljco?ncr thereof is tlje gol* 
 ben image of aferpent,as it bicrcfurjouflp Qjaking ano calling fo?tlj his heao, -^Lljis ciflerne alfo 
 bath a kino of netuio?kecfpeaile bi jougljt about it. iikebJife bp tbe fapo ctflcrncttjere isD?inke 
 conuepco tbo?oto certcine pipes ano conoucts, fucb as bfetlj to be o?tmke in the emperojs court, 
 bpon tljebJ'jicb alfo tljere hang manpbeffcls of goloe; b)ljsrein,bJbofoeucr toillmap Djinke of tbe 
 tapbiicour,3!n tbefo?cfapo palace tljere are manp peacocks of goloe: $ toben anp Tartar makctb 
 a banquet bnto bis Io?o,if tlje gucBs chance to clap their bancs fo? iopanD mirth, the fapogolocn 
 peacocks alfo mill fpieaD ab?oao their toingS,anD liftbp tbeir tratnes.fcimingas if tbepoanceo: 
 ano tbiu 3 fuppofe to be Done bp arte maKifeco? bp fome fc cret engine bnocr tjjc grcuno. 
 
 F Of 
 
62 TheEnglifhVoyageSjNauigations, Odorkus. 
 
 Of the glory and magnificence of the great (jot. 
 
 MS) jcotter,\uljcn tljc great empcro? Can fittctb in !jis impcriall tlj?one of cftate, onljfe left 
 bano fittctb bis queene 0) emp?efle, aim upon another inferio?feate there fit ttoo other 
 toomeix,lul)iclj are to accompany tlje empcroj, toljcn bis fpoufe is abfent, but in tlje U tocft place 
 of all.tljere Gt all the Iaoics of bis ktnreo . &ll the marieo toomen tocarc bpon tbeir rjeaos a kino of 
 ornament in ftjape like onto a mane foote.of a cubite ano a balfe in Icngt li, ano t (jc lotoer part of 
 tbe fapo foote is aoomeotoitlj cranes featbers, ano is all ouer tbicke fcttottlj great ano ojicnt 
 pcarles. Sipon the right banc of tbc great Can fit tc t b bis fir ft b egotten fonne ano heir e apparant 
 onto bid empircanu bnocr bim fit all tbe nobles of t be blooo ropall . there bee alfo foure S> c- 
 rretaries, tobicb put alltbinjs in Uniting cbattbeemperojfpeaketb ♦ antohofepjefence like* 
 toife llano ljis Karons ano nYticrs otljcre of l;ia nobilitie, uuitrj great traincs of fofotoers after 
 tbcm,of tobom none oarc fpeakc fo mucb as one too?o, onlelfe tljep Ijauc obtaineo licence of tbc 
 empero } To to Doe, accept bis tetters ano Gage-plapes, tobo are appointee of purpefe to folate 
 tbeir lo?o, ISeitber petoarctfjep attempt to ooe ougbt,but onelp acco ping t o t be pleafur e of tbc it 
 tmpero?, ano ae Ijce cniotuetl) ttjein bp latoe . 9 bout the palace gate flano ccrtaine Karons to 
 kcepe all men from treating upon tlje tbjefljolo of tbe fapo gate , CQben it plcafetb tbc great 
 Can to folcmn tie a featt ,be ijatlj about bim 1 4000, l3arons, carping to?catbes 9 Iitle crotoncs 
 upon tbeir beaos, ano gtuing attenoance upon tbeir lo?o, ano euerp one of tbcm toearetb a gar* 
 me ut of golo ano piecious (Jones, tobicb is toooitb ten tljoufauo Jf lojens . lp is court is kept ttt 
 terp gooo ojoer .bpgouewours of tens,gouernours of Ijuhd jcos, ano gouernours of tbotifancs, 
 infomucb tljat euerp one in bis place perfojmetb bis Durtie committee Onto bim, neitljer is there 
 anp Defect to bee founo » 31 jfrier odoricustoas there pjefent in perfon fojtbe fpace oftbjec 
 peeres, ano toas often at the fapo banquets; fo; toe friers QStnojitcsljauc a place of aboao ap-» 
 point eo out fo; os in tbc emperors court, ano are enioinco to goe ano to bcGoto our blelfing bp* 
 on bim , 3no 3 enquireo of certain e Courtiers concerning ti)e number of perfons pertaining 
 to tbe cntperojs court *: 3no tbcp anftocreo nice, that of flage-plaperjs, mnficians, ano fuch line, 
 there lucre eigbtcene Thuman at tbe Icatt.ano that tbe keepers of Dogs, braCs ano foulest toere 
 SfteeneThuman, ano tbephpficiansfojiijccmpcrours boop.toere foure bunojeo; tbeC&jtiH* 
 ans alfo toere eight in number, together toitb or.e s&aracen, 3t mp being there, all the fojefapn 
 number of perfons Ijao all kino of ncccffarics botb fo? apparell ano bictuals out of tlje empe* 
 ro?s court, Spojeouer, tobenljetotll make IjisppgrelTe from one countrep to anctljer, bee hatjj 
 foure troupes of Ijojfemen, one being appointee to goe a napes iournep before, ano another to 
 come a oapesioumep after bim, tbe chite to march on bis right bano, ano tbe fourth on his left, 
 in the maner of a crofle, he bimfelfe being in tbe mioff, ano fo euerp particulartrottpe banetbew 
 bailpiournepslimiteo Onto them, to tlje enoe tbcp map piouioc fufficicnt bictuals luitljout De- 
 fect , jftotoe the great Can bimfelfe is earieo in maner follctoing ■ bee rtactrj in a tbariot toirfc 
 ttoo tobeeles, bpontohicljamafefiicalltb?cneisbuilt oftbetooooof Aloe, being aoojnco toitb 
 golo anD great pcarles, ano pjecicus Acres, anc foure elephants bjauelp furnifljeo Doeojatoe 
 the fapo chariot, before tobicb elephants foure great Ijoifes ricljlp trappeo ano couerco ooe leau 
 the map. Spain bp the chariot on both (toes tbereof,are foure Barons laping bolo ano art enoing 
 thereupon, to keepe all perfons from appjocljing neete bnto their emperour ♦ Open tbe chariot 
 nlfo ttoo milke-tojnte Jecfalconff Doe fit, ano feeing anp game tobicb bee tooulo take, bee let* 
 •eel) tbcm Hie, ano fo tbcp take it , ano after this maner Doeth bee folacc bimfelfe as bee rioetb. 
 Sgtojeouer, no man oare come toitbtn a Hones caft of tbe chariot, but fuclj as are appointeD.C&e 
 number of bis oujnc followers, ofbisftiuesattcnoants, ano of tbe tratne of Ijis firfl begotten 
 fonne ano beire apparant, luoulo feeme increoible Onto anp man, bnlctft bee bao feene it toitb 
 bis o\une epes . Che fojefapo great Can ijatb oeuioeo bis empire into ttocluepartcss 0; ia?o» 
 utnees, ano one of the fapo pjouf n ces Ijatb ttoo tljoufano great cities toitbtn tlje precincts there* 
 of CdbercuponbisempireisoftbatlengtbanDbjcaotb, that bnto tobatfoeuer part thereof be 
 tntcnDetl) bis iourap ,b e batb (pace enough fo; fir monetbs continual p;ogre(fe,ercept bis Jfianos 
 tobtcljareattbelcattjcoo. , 
 
 Ofcertaine Innes orholpitals appointed for trauailers 
 throughout the whole empire. 
 
 TUpe fo^efapo Cmp cro? (to tht eno that trauailers map baue all things neccfiarp tb?ong(out 
 bis tobole empice)bath caufeo ccrtaine Jnncs to be p^iuioeo in funo^p placesbpon the bigb 
 toapes,tobere all things pertaining bnto bictuals are in a continuall reaoinelfe . Stto toljen anp 
 alteration ojnetocs happen in aup part of his Empire, if be chance to be fatreatfent frtm that 
 
 part 
 
Odoricus. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 6^ 
 
 part,l)is ambafTaDo^B upon Ijojfes o? ojoiwnaries rioe pott unto btm, anD toben tfjemlclttcs anD 
 ttjetcbeaflssaretoearp.tljepoiottitljetcbo^ne.attftptiotrctuljeccof, tljenert3inncIiheii)tfcp?oui-- 
 cett) a bo?fe ano a man,toljo takes thclcttrr of him tlj.it is toearp,ano runnetbbnto another June: 
 aim fa lip outers 31 nnes ,ano otuers porte0,tlje rrpo j t , tohich O/toinarilp coulo f Itarce-comc in 5 o, 
 »ape0,i0 inone naturall Dap b?ougljt unto tbe emperoj : ano tljerefoje no matter of anpmomcjtc 
 can bebonc in bis empire, but tttaigljttoap beljatb intelligence thcreof.Spojeouer.tobtnpgreat - 
 Can bimfclfc toill go onljunting.be bfetb this ruttome.S>ome ttoentp Dapes iournep from tbe ci« 
 tie of Kambaleth tljcre is afojrett containingfire capes iournep in circuit, in tobiclj foj/rett there 
 are fo mart}) kinos of bcatts ano biros.as it is incredible to repojt. SInto this fo jreft.at tbe cnDe 
 of euerp tljiro 0? fourtb peere.himfelfctoithbistobole tratne refo?tetb, ano tljep all of tbem to- 
 gether etmiron tbe fapDfo?rert,fent)ing Dogs into tbe fame,tohicb bp bunting do bjingfoojtb tbe 
 beatts ; namelp.lions aim ttags,ano other creatures.bnto a. moil beautiful! plainc in tlje miott of 
 tbe fojreftjbecaufeallthe beattsof tbefojrett Doe tremble, cfpeciallp at tbecrp ofbounos. 3Hjcn 
 commetb tbe great Can bimfelfe, being carieD opon clj?ee elephants, anD ujootetb fitte arrotoes 
 into the tobolebero of hearts, anD after btm all bis 15aron0, anD after tbcm the rcrt of bis courts 
 ersano famUp ooe an in like maueroifebargetbeir arrotoes alfo, ano euerp mans arroto bath a 
 fuitojp marke . 'SLbentbep all goe totto the beads Mjtcb arc fiaine (Differing tbe lining hearts to 
 retucnetntojhetoooo that tbepmap hauemojefpojttoitb tljcm another time) ano euerp man en* 
 iopetb tljat bead as ljis otone,toberein be finoetb bis arroto Kicking. 
 
 Of the foure feafts which the great (an folemnizeth euery 
 yeerc in his Court. 
 
 "tSDute great fcaGs in apecre Doetb the empero? Can celebrate : namelp,thefeaft of his binb, 
 IT tbe featt of bis circumcifion,tlje feart of ljis cojonation,anD tbe ft air of bis manage. 8no Ditto 
 theft feafis be inuitetb all bis H5arons, bis ttagc-plaper0,ano all fucb as are of bis kmreo. 'Chen 
 tbe g> eat Can fitting in bis tb?one,a!l bis 15arons pjefent tbcmfclues before him, toitb to?eatbs 
 ann crotoncs bpon tbeir beaos^eingDiuerflp attireD,fo? fome of them are in grccne,namclp,tbe 
 njincipall : tlje fecono are in reo,ano tbe tljirDin pelloto,anD tbep bolo each man tnrjie Ijano a little 
 3iuojie table of elephants toptb ; anD tljcp are girt toitb goloen giroles of balfe a foote bjoao, ann 
 tbep if anD bpon their fectekeeping filence.Sbout tbem ttano the ftage-plapcrs 0? muficians toitlj 
 their inttruments. SnDinoneof the comers ofa certaine great pallace, alltbcPjiIofopbcrs oj 
 S^agiciansrcmatnef-jcertaineboMJers, atiDDoeattenDbponpointso?cljaracters: anD toben 
 tbepointanDbotoeriubicbtiiefapDl3brtofopbwsierpecteDfo?,i6came, a certatne crier crietb 
 
 OUtUJitbaloilDl)opce,faping,InclineorboweyoutfeIues before your Emperour : toitlj tljflt 
 
 all tlje Karons fall flat upon tlje cartb. ^Ijen Ijee crietb out agatne ; Arife all, ano immeDiatelp 
 tbep all arife. Itketoife tbe pijtlofopbers attenD Upon apomt oj character tlje fecono time, anD 
 toben it is fulfilleo , tlje crier crictlj out amaine ; Put your fingers in your eares : anD foo jtbtoit!) 
 agatnebefaictb ; Plucke them out. againe,ac tbe tljiro point be crictb.Boult this meale. 90anp 
 otber circumttances alfo Doe tbep perfojme, all tobicb tljep fap batte fome certaiiie figntfication : 
 botobeit,neitber toottlD 31 to?ite tbem,no? giuc anp heeo unto tbem,becaufe tbep are batne anD ri- 
 Diculous. 9nDtobctttI)emurtciansljotocriscome,tbentbelPbtIofopbcrsfap, Solemnize a fead 
 vnto your Lord: toitb ttjat all of tbem founo tbeirinttrument0 J making a great ano a meloDtous 
 nopte.^no immeDiatelp another crietb,Peace,peace 3 anD tbep are all tobirt, ©hen come tbe too* 
 men-muGcianssanD fing ftoee tip befoje tbe Cmperour, tobirb muGke toas mo jc oeligbtfull \>ma 
 me. 9ftec tljem come in tlje lions ano Doe tljeir obeifance bnto tbe great Can . 'Kbcn tlje iuglers 
 caufe goloen cups full of tome to flte up ano ootone in tbe ap;e, ano to applp ibemfciucs Ditto 
 mensmoutbes tbat tljepmapD^infec of tljem.^befe ano manp other flrange things 31 fatocin tlje 
 court of tbe great Can.tobidj no man tooulD belceue onleffe be baofeen tbem toitlj bis otone eies, 
 ano therefore 3) omit to fpeafee of tbem.3! toas info?meD alfo bp certaine creniblc perfons, of ano= 
 tber miraculous thing, namelp, that in a certatne feingDome of tlje fapoCan, toherein rtanD tlje 
 mountains calleoKapfei (tlje kingoomes name is Kalor)tljeregrotoe great ©ouroso? l^ompi= g ' u 3 ^ bcina 
 Oii0,toljtcb being ripe.ooe open at the topp,anD toitljm tbem is founo a little heart like bnto a poug 
 lambc,euen as3l nip felfe baue Ijearo repo?teo, tljat tljerc ttano certaine trees Dyoiybe fijojc of 
 the Irifh fea,bcaring fruit like onto a gouro.tohicbjat a certaine time of the peerc Doe fall into tlje 
 toater,ano become biros calleo Bernaclesjano tljiB 10 moft true. 
 
 Of diuers prouinces and cities. 
 
 Aji5o after tbiee peres 31 oeparteo out of the empire of,Cataie,trauailtug fiftte oapes iournep "« '«»™« 
 totoacp? the ffi[leR,9nD at length 31 came onto tbe empire of Pretcgoa ni,.toi;ofe pimcipail Weftward - 
 
 F 2 citie 
 
6\ 
 
 Til e Engli (\\ V oyages,Nauigations, aorkm. 
 
 Ca(»n. 
 
 Qffij,Th«b«t. 
 
 cttptsKoi'an, tobicljbatljmanpotljer cities bnbet it. from thence patting manpsapesirauelf, 
 acame^ntoa^joumfecaUeDCafaiijto^icljiisfojgococDnmioDHteB.onEDftljfoncIppjoumccs 
 toittj£E the &unne, ano is berp todl mbabiteD , mfcmtitb that toben toe Depart out of the gates of 
 one citp toe map bcljoloe tlje gates of anottjec cttp , asSmpfelfefatoutDiuersoftbtm, 'SDhc 
 bjeaotb of ttje fapD pjoutnce is 6ftp oapcs ioumep, $ the length abouefirtp, 3nit the re is great- 
 plentp of allbictuals, ano efpeciallp of cbefnuts.anD it ts one of tlje ttoclue p?oumces oftljc great 
 Can. (Sotug qn furt(jer,3 came Unto a certaine kingoeme calico fl Tebek, tobicb is in fubiection 
 bnto the great Can alfo.tofjerctn 31 tljinke there is mo je plentp of bjcao ? Maine then in an? otbec 
 part of tlje too^fo bcfiacs. 'She people ofthefapD countrep do, fo;Hbcmofi- part, inhabit in tents 
 maoeofblackefdt, Cbeirpjmctpallcitpts inuironeb toitlj faireanDbeatttf full toalles, being 
 built ofmoiiuibite ano blacke {tones, tohichareqifpofeo cbeckertotfe one bp another, anocuri* 
 oullp comptleo together ; likitoife all the high toapes in this countrep are ercecDinglptoellpa* 
 ueo. Jntlje fapD countrep none Dare fbeo tlje blouo of a man, o?ofanpbeaff, fojtbercuerence 
 of a certaine toole. 3u tlje fo jclapo citp their Abafli, that is to fap, tljrir Pope is refiDenr.being 
 tlje beabatiD punceofalltoolaters (bpontoljombebeffotoetbanD Dittribtitctb gifts after htsma* 
 ner) euen as our pope of Rome accounts bunfelfe to be the bcaD of all Gbjrttians. i&ljc toomen: 
 of this cotintrep toeareaboue anbunDjetb tricks ano trifles about tljcm , ano tljep haucttoo tr eii> 
 in their moutljes as long as tlje tutljcsof a boare. aailjenanp mans father Dcceafetb among 
 them, bts foime affemblctlj togetljer all tljcp?tefls ano muficians tbat be can get,fapingtljat Ije is 
 DetermineD to honour bis father : then cattfetb be him to be carieo into thf ficlo (all hiskinffolks, 
 frtcnss , ano neighbours accompanying him in tlje fepo action) inhere rfce pjteffs toitlj great fo= 
 leumttp cut off tlje f atljets beaD, giuing it unto bis fottnc, tobicf) being Done, tljep Diuioe tlje tobole 
 boDp into mobile, anD folcaueitbebinDctljem, returning home toitlj papers in itlje compant/ 
 of the favD fonne. £>o foone as tljep are DcparteD,certaine bulturcs,tohicb are accuflomecioiuclj 
 b.mkets, come flping from the momitaincs, anD carp atoap all the fapbmojfels of flelh :anb from 
 t'oencefo?tlj a fame is fpjcab abjoaD, that the Capo partp DeceafeD toas bolp, becaufe tbe angels of 
 (Sod carrico bint into paraDife. 3nD this is tlje greateff anD htgbeff ljonour,tljat tlje fonne can D£- 
 ctierainetKi* tuCc to perfomtc bnto hisDCccafrD father. ©bentbefapofonnetakethbisfatbcrsljcaD, Teething 
 tp concf rniitg , t am , eat j tt g ^ fl e Q) f {jereof,but of the fkull he makes a Djinking cup therein Ijimfelfe toitlj all 
 bis familp anD hinrco do Djinke toitlj great fulcmnltpauD mirth, in tlje remembrance cf bisceaO 
 nnD DcttourcD father. Spanp other bile ana abominable things Dotlj tbc fapD nation commit,ttihicf) 
 31 mcanc not to tonte.becaufc men nettle can no? totll bclecue,ercept tljep ftjoulD Ijaue the fight 
 ofthem. 
 
 Of a certaine rich man, who is fed and nouriflied 
 by fiftie virgins. 
 
 Ipile 3 toas in the pjouince of Mancy , 3 paffeD bp tljepalace of a certaine famous man, 
 tobicb bath fifrpbirgm Damofels continuallpattenDingbponhim, fccDingljimeuerp 
 mcale, as a biro feeos her poong ones. 9lfo he Ijatb futib jp fcinDes of meat ferueo in at his table, 
 anotbjceDifbesofccbkinDe : artbtoben the fapDbtrginsfeeDljim,thep ling mod ftoeftlp. 'EhiS 
 man bath inpecrelpreucnues tbirtpthumanof tagars of rife, etterp oftoljiclj thuman peelDeth 
 tenne tljoufano tagars, ano one tagar is the burtljf n of an alTe. fipts palace tsttoo miles in circuit, 
 thepaucmenttobereofis one plate of goioe, ano another of filucr. JOcerebntothetoall of the 
 fapo palace there is a mount artificially tojougbt iuitlj goloe antrfiluer, tohercupon Cano turrets 
 ano ttceples ano otljcr Delectable things fo? the folace anD recreation of tlje fojefapD great man, 
 ano it toas toloemc that there toere foure fuch men in the fapD kingDome. 3t is accounteo a 
 great grace f c } the men of that countrep to Ijaue long nailes bpon tljctr fingcrs,anD cfpeciallp bp' 
 on their tljumbes, tohich nailes tbepmapfoloe about tljeirhanos : but the grace ano beaucpof 
 tljeir toomen is to Ijaue fmall anD flenDer feet; ano tljercfo?e tlje mothers toljcn their Daughters 
 are poong.Do bince bp their fcet,tljat thep map not groto great. i;rauelling on further totoarDS 
 the §>ottth, 3 atriucD at a certaine countrep calleo Meliftorte, toljiclj is aberp pleafant anD f«^ 
 tile place. 9nD in tljis countrep there toas a certeine ageo man calleo Senex de monte , toho 
 rotuiD about ttoo mauntainesljaD. built a toall to indofe tlje fapo mountaines^ 2BitIjin tljis 
 toall tljere toere tlje Fatrcff anD moll cb?pttallfountaines intljetoholetoojlD : ano about the fapo 
 fountaines there toere mofi bcautifull nirgins in great number, anD gooDlpbo?fesalfo , ano 
 in a toojo , etterp thing that coulo be Deuifeo fo? booilp folace anD Delight , ano tljerefi) je the in* 
 habitants of tlje countrep call the fameplace bp the name of paraoife, 
 
 djefapo oloe Senex, toben be fato anp proper anD baliant poong man, hetooulDaDmithint 
 into bispacaoife. spo^eouer bp certaine conbttcts be makes toine anomilfee to floto abunbantlp. 
 
 Chis 
 
 ttje beep fame 
 protHciP HI 
 William Jc Kw 
 
 v^; 
 
 long nailes- 
 
 Mdiftoicc. 
 
Odoricus. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 65 
 
 %\)\s Senex, toljenlje ijatb a minoe to reuenge bimfelfe j to flap anp kmg a) baron, commanDetb 
 bim tbat 10 gouerno? of tlje fapo parabtfe, to tying tljercunto fome of the acquaintance of tlje f<ipo 
 king o? baron,p£rm:tting Ijim a toljtle to take bis pleafure tbercin,ano then to giue fjttn a cectame 
 potion being of fojee to caff Dim into Cttcb a (lumber as fljoulo make him quite boice of til fenfe, 
 ano fo being tn a piofotmb fleepe to comiep ljim out of &is parabife : toljo being atoakeo , $ feeing 
 bimfelfe tljmff out of tbe paraoife tooulb become fo fojotofull , tbat Ije cottlD not in tlje too?loxic= 
 uife tobat to bo,oj tobitbertoturnebim.'&bentooulD be go onto tlje fojefato oln man,befcccljing 
 bim tbat be migbt be aomitteb againe into bis paraoife:tobo faitlj bnto IjimJJou cannot be aomit» 
 tebtljitljer, bnletle poutoill flap fttcbo? fuel; a man fojmp fake , ano if pott toillgitte tbe attempt 
 onelp.toljetljer pou kill Ijimoj no,31 toil place pott agaitte in parabife,tljat tljerc pou map remaine 
 altoapcs : tben tooulo tbe partp toitbout faile put tlje fame in execution, inbeuouring to murtljcr 
 all tbofe againtt toljom tlje fapo oibe man lja& conceiueo anp batrco. Qnn tljerefo jc all tlje kings 
 of tlje eaft ttoob in atoc of tlje fapb oibe man, anb gaue bnto Ijim great tribute. 
 
 Of the death oFSenex de monte. 
 
 A3i5b toljen tbe Tartars bab fubbueo a great part of tlje toojto, tljep came bnto tlje fapo oibe 
 man.ano tooke fromljim tlje cuff oup of bis parabife:tobo being incenfeo tkercat/ent abjoao 
 oiuers trcfperate ano refolute perfons out of bis fojenameo paraoife,anD caufco manp of tlje Car* 
 tarian nobles to be flaine. Clje Tartars feeing tljis,tocnt aim beficgeb tlje citptoljerein tlje faio 
 oloe man toas.tooke bim,ano put Ijim to a moff cruell anb ignominious beatlj. %\)t friers in tbat 
 place ljauctl;isfpeciallgift anu pjcrogatiue : namelp, tljatbp tlje berrttc of tlje name of Chrift 
 Jefu, ano uuhebcrtueofbispjcti^tsbloub, tobicbbeffjebOebpontbecrolTefoftljefalttationof 
 mankinoe, tljep boe caff foo^tb bemls out of tbem tljat are poflefleb, 9nb becaufe tljere are manp 
 pofTefleomcnintljofe parts, tbcpatebounbanobjougbttenbapesiotiruep bnto tlje fapo friers, 
 toljo being bifpoiTcflebof tlje bncleane fpirits,bo pjefentlp beleette in Chrirt toljo icliuereotljcm, 
 accounting bimfo?.tbeir(Sob,anti being bapttfebm bis name.anoalfooeliuetingimmebiatlpbn- 
 to tbe friers all tljeir iools , anbtbeibols of tbeir cattell, tobiclj are commonlpmabe of felt 0? of 
 toomens Ijaire : tben tbe fapD friers kinble a fire in apublike place (tobereunto tbe people refojt, 
 tljat tljep map fee tbe falfegoos of tbeirneigljbojs burnt) ano caff tlje fapo iools tljereinto : fjoto- 
 bet't at tlje fctrtt tljofe iools came out of tbe fire againe, %\)t n tbe friers fpnnkleo tlje fapo fire toitfj 
 Ijolp ioater,caffing tlje iools into it tbe feconb time, anb toitlj tljattlje beuils fleb in tlje libcneffc of 
 bIackefmoake,anD tbe iools ffillremaineb tilltbep toere confumebbntoaujes, 9ftctbjarD,tbis 
 
 noife $ OUtCtp toas bearb in tbe ap J e : Beholde and lee ho w I am expelled out of my habitation. 
 3nD bp tbefe meanes tlje friers boe bapttfe great multitubes , toljo pjefentlp rctiolt againe bnto 
 tbeir ibols:infomucljtb at tbe fapo friers muffeftfooneSjasittoerc.bnoerpfoptbcmjanDtnfomte 
 iljemaneto. CbereUiasanOtberterribletbingtoljicbafatotberetfo^paulingL'paccrtaincbal' 
 Iep,tobiclj is Gtuate befioe a pleafantriuer,3I fata manpbeab bobics,ano in tbe fapobailcp alfo3| 
 bearbbiuersftoeetfounosano Ijarmoniesofmufike, efpeciallp tbe noife of citherns , tohcreat3i 
 toae greatlp ama?co, Cbis ballep conceinetb in lengtb feuen 0? eigbt miles at tlje leaff , into tlje 
 tobicb toljofoeuer entretb , cietlj p?efemip , anb ran bp no meanes palTe alitte tljpjoto tlje mtooeff 
 tbercof:fo?U)ljidjcattfe all tlje inhabitants tbereaboutbecline bnto tlje one floe. O9o?couer, 31 
 bias tempteo to go in, anb to fee toljat U toas. 3t length, making mp pjapcrs, ano rccomnieno- 
 ing mp felfe to ©00 in tlje name of Iefu, 31 entreo, anb fato fuck ftoarmes of or ao booics tljere.as 
 no man tooulo beleeue bnlcflebe toere an epetoitnciTe tkereof, 3t tlje one fiDeof tbefojefapo 
 ballepbponacertatnettpne , Slfatotljebifage ofaman, mbicb bebdo me tottbfuclj a terrible 
 afpect, tljat 31 tljougbtberilp 31 Qjoulb bauebicb in t&eume place, ^ut nltoapes this fentence, 
 
 the word became flefh,and dwelt : amongft vs, 31 ceafeb not to p?onottnce,ltgnitlg nip felfe toi'ttj 
 
 tbeffgnc of tbe croffejanp neerer tben feuen o? eigljt pafes 31 butff not appjoebbnto the faio he<ib; 
 but ,31 beparteo s fleb bnto anotber placein tlje fapbbailep^fcenbing bp into a little fauop moun= 
 taine, tobere looking rouno about, 31 fatonotljingbut tlje fapo citljcrns, tobicljme tljougljtj 
 bearb.miraculouflp founbing anbplaping bp tbemCelue^toitliouttljebelpe ofmuficians. Snb 
 being bpontbetoppe of tlje mountaine,31 founb filuer tljere likeibeftales of fiftes tn great abttn= 
 bance : ano 31 gatljerto fetne part tbereof into mp bofatne to ujetofof a luonpecbut nip conf cience 
 rebuking me, 31 raff it upon tlje eartb , referuingno toljit at ail bnto mp felfe , anb fo, bp ©000 
 grace 31 beparteb toitljout banger. 9nbtoben tlje men ofthecountrep knetothat J toasretut^ 
 neb out of tbeballep alitte, tljep reuerenceo memuclj, faping tbat 31 toas baptifto ano holp, ano 
 tbattlje fo?efapo bobies toeremenfubiect bnto tlje oexiils infemall, tobo bffbtoplapoponci-- 
 tljerns , to tlje eno tljep migbtallurepeople to enter, ano fomurtljer tbem. Cljus much corner* 
 ningtljofe tbmgs toljicb 31 beljelb moff cercainelp toitb mine e?w, 31 frier Odpricus ijaue becre 
 
 F 3 ton'ttenr 
 
 I 
 
66 TheEngliftiVoyageSjNauigations, Odorkw. 
 
 toutten : manp Orange things alfo 3|baueof purpoieoimtteo, bccaufementoiU not bifceue 
 them bnleffe ttjep QiotrtD tec tbemv 
 
 Of the honour and reuerence done vnto the great Can. 
 
 ISBtH report one thing mo;ie,tobich 3 fato,eoncerning tlje great Can, jt is anbfuall cuffome 
 in ttjofe parts, tljat teb^t the fo?fapo Can t raucllcttj tljojoiu anp countrep, Ijtsc fubtccts Rinote 
 fires befojetbeir coo? cs, cafluigfptces tljereintotomahe a perfume , t^atttjar loan patting b; 
 mapfmell tlje ftocetatm Delectable ocotirs tbcreof, anomucb people comefoojihtc meet tjim, 
 9no upon a tertaine time toben he toas comming tomatoes Cambalei h , the fame of h is appjocfc 
 being publifheo , a btfhop of ours toitlj certaine of our minojite friers ano inp felfc , tocne etna 
 napes tournep to meet Ijim: ano being come nigbbntobim, toeputacrottebpontoooo, 3!mp 
 felfe hauing a cenfer in mp hano, ano began to (tug toith a louo boice : Veni creator fpiri tus. Sinn 
 a? toe toercQnging onthistoife, hecauteDbstobecalltD , conmianDtngbs to come bnto hunt 
 nottoitrjQanomg (asitisaboucmentioneo) trjatno man Bareappjocbtoubina Cones cad of bis 
 chariot, bnleffe be be calico, but fuel; onelp as Keep e bis chariot, 9nD toben toe came neere onto 
 rjtm,be bailee bis bat o? bonet being of an inefiimable pn're, Doing reueren ce bnio tbe croffe. 8no 
 immeDiatlp 31 put incenfe into tbe cenfer , anD our bifljop taking tbe cenfer perfumco bim , ano 
 gaue bim his beneDiction. spo?eouer,tbeptbat come before tlje fapb Can do altoapcs tying fome 
 oblation topjefent bntobim,obferuing tbe ancient lato: Thou (halt not appearc in my prefence 
 with an empty hand. 3nD foj that caufe toe carrieo apples toirij bs, ano offeree tbem in a plat* 
 ter toitlj reuerence bnto him : ano taking out ttoo of tbem bepio eat fome part of one. 3no tben 
 be firaitficD bnto t>3, tljat toe fijoulo go apart, lead tlje bo jfes cemming on might in ought offenc 
 bs, ffiHitb tljat toeoeparteo from bim,ano turneo aCoe 3 going bnto ccrtaine of bis barons,toljich 
 Ijao bene conuerteD to ttje faf (b bp certaine friers of our ojDer , being at the fame time in bis at* 
 mp tano toetiffereo bnto them of tljefojefapo apples,tohoreceiueo tijem at our hanostoitb great 
 top, fceming bnto bs to be as glaa, as tf toe bao giuen trjem fome great gift, 
 
 aHtbepjemiffes abouetojitten frier William de Solanga batb put Dotone in touting euen 
 as tbe fojefapo frier Odorkus bttereo them bp too jd of mouth , in the peere of ou r Lo ?o i 5 5 o, 
 in tlje moneth of SjE)ap, ane in the place of fi>. Anthony of Padua, 5freiiljer did he rcgaro to tojitc 
 trjemin Difficult iatineo? in an eloquent {file, but euen as Odoricus himfelferebear&D them, 
 to tlje cno that men might themo?e eafilpbnDertranDtbe things rcpojteo. 31 frier Odoricus of 
 Friuli, of a certaine territojp calico Portus Vahonis, ano of tlje joer of tlje minojites, Do tcfitfic 
 anD bearetoitnefle bnto the reuereno father GuidotusminiQer of thepjouinceof g>, Anthony, 
 in tlje marquelate of Treuifo (being bp bim rcquireo bpon mine obeDience fo to ooe) that all the 
 pjemiffes aboue tojitten, either 31 fato toitlj mine otone epes, j beard the fame repo?teo bp rre= 
 Dible ano fubfiantiallperfons, 'Che common report alfo oftherountrepes tobere3!toas, teflt* 
 ficth^hofe things, toljich 33 fato, to be true, Spjanp other things 3 baucomittco, brcaufeSlbe-' 
 helotljem not toich mine otone epes. ?)otobeit from Dap to Dap J purpofe toitlj mp felfe to tra- 
 
 mil countrcpes 0} lanbs, in tobt cb action 31 ottpofe mp felfc to Die 0; to liuc, as it Cball p leafc mp 
 
 ©00, 
 
 Of the death of frier Odoricus. 
 
 I fit the peere therefore of our top 1331 the fojefapo frier Odoricus preparing bimfelfcfo? 
 the performance of his intcnoeD iournep , that bis traueli ano labour might be to greater put* 
 pofe, be oetermineD to p jefent bimfelfe bnto pope Iohn tbe ttoo ano ttoenttetb, tobofc beneoic 1 t- 
 cn ano obeDience being receiucB, be, toitlj a certaine number of friers toilltngtobcarc bimcom- 
 panp, might conuep bimfelfe bnto all the countrcpes of infioels, 9nb asfaetoastrauellingtt* 
 toaros tbepope, ano not farreDiftant from tbe eitp ofPifa, there meets bim bp the toapacer* 
 taine oloe man, in the babit anD attire of a pilgrime, faiutino; him bp name, ano faping : Al 1 haile 
 frier Odoricus. anDtoheutbe frier DemauriDCDboto be bao knotoleDgcofbim : he anftoereb: 
 CClijtleO pou toere in India 3 nneto pou full toell, pea, ano 31 nneto pour holp purpofe alfo : but 
 fee that pou retume immeDiatlp bnto the touen from tohence pou came , fo; terme oapes hence 
 pou fball Depart out of this p?efent toojlo , 2Hbercfo?e bring aftontlbcD ano am.neo at tbefe 
 toojiDes (efpeciallp the oloe manbaniujingout of ijisCgbt, pjcfcntlp after be hao fposcntbem) 
 be Determtneo to retume, 9no fo be retumeo in perfect health , feeling no eta? eDtiefle nc; mfir- 
 mitp of boop, 9nO being in his couen at Vdene in tfaep^ouince of Padua.the tenth Dap after tbe 
 to?efapobi(ton, batrmgreceiueotbe Communion, anD preparing bimfelfe 'onto <Soo, pea, being 
 Crone ano fotmoof boop, bee bappilpreftco in tbe J»ojd; tobofc faereo Departure teas Cgmfieo 
 
 bnta 
 
6 J 
 
 Matt. (journey. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 Unto the pope afojefaio, mut the bano of tlje publique notarp in tljcfe toojos follottmig, 
 
 3!n the peere of out Ioid 1 3 3 1 , the 1 4, Dap of aauuarie , Bcatus Odoricus a jf rier mino jite 
 Deeeafeo in €i)0, at totjofepjapers (Sod ujetoeo manp anD funD jp miracles, tobicb 3 Guetelus 
 publique notarie of Vtina,fonne of !®.Damianusde Porto Gruaro , at the commanDement ano 
 Dicecciou of clje (jono^able Conradus of the ISojougb of Gaftaldion, ano one of trje Counccll of 
 Vtina.bauennittenasfaitbfullp as3 couId, ano Ijatie neliucrcD atopic ttjcrcoflmto tJjc jFricrss 
 mtno?ttcs: ijoto b eit not of all, becaufe tbep ace innumerable, ano too Difficult fo; mc to uijitr, 
 
 The voyage otMtttheTb Gourney , a moft valiant Englifli 
 Knight , againft the CMoores of i^ilgier in Barbaric and 
 Spaine. (JW. Camden fag. 1 j p. 
 
 Ec tacendum MattharumGourney in oppido quodam.vulgari lingua ^itoke 
 bnoer IjJamOCn incomicatuSomerfetenfiappellato, fepuhum efle, virum 
 bcllicofiflimumregnante Edwardotcrtio: qui 96,£tatis anno diem o!>iuit, 
 cum ( vtexinferiptione vidcre licuit) obhdionid' Algizer contra Saracenos, 
 pra?lijs Benamazin, Sclufenfi , Crefliaco, Ingenos, Piclauienfi, & Nazarano 
 in Hifpania dimic aflct. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 J % is bp no meanes to be patfeD ouec in Olencej ttjat Matthew Goumcy , being a motf baliant 
 
 to amour in tbe rcigneof Edward trje tbiro.lpetb bucieD at accrtainctotone,in the count le jntntttm* 
 of §>omerfec , commonlp called Scoke vnder Hamdcn : toljo DeceafeD in the 96, peace of bis tl^ nsd ,s " 
 age; ano tbat (as it ipmamfeltbptf)einrcctptionofbiismommient)aftecl)el)aDbaliantfpbel)a' ' 
 ucDbtmfelfeattbeucge of Algizer againtt tbe Sarazens.anD at the battailes Of Benamazin, of 
 Slucc, of Creflic, of Ingenos, of Poi&ou, anD of Nazaran in Spaine. 
 
 The comming of Lyon King of jfrmtnla into England , in the 
 ycere 1 3 8 6 3 and in the ninth yeere of Richard the fecond, in 
 
 truir to hnde fome meanes of peac e or good agreement be- 
 twecne the King of England and the French 
 king, lohn Frojflkrt lib, 3, caf.j6. 
 
 5ptis in abt'Ding fo? tbe Duke of Bertie, anD to j the C onffable,toho toere bebinft, 
 then king Lyon of Armenia , tobo teas in France , ano fjaDatftgncD (jimbptlje 
 king, fire tboufanoe frankes bp the peare to maintaine bis eftate, tocke Upon 
 bim fo? a gooD intent to goe into England to fprake toitb tfje king there anD bis 
 I Cottncell, to fee if be might finoe anp mattet of peace to be IjaD, bettocene tlje 
 ttoio Keaimes , England anD France : 3nD fo l)e DepatteD from l)iS lODgfng of Saint Albeyne 
 beCoe §>aint Denice , alonelp toitb bis otone companp, anD toitb no great apparelf. &o be roDc 
 to Boloine, anD tljere be tooke a ujippe, ano to fapleo foo?tlj till \>e came to Douer ; anD there be 
 foHno tbe Carle of Cambridge, ano tlje Carle of Buckingham, anD moe tben a butJD?etb men 
 of armes , ano a ttoo cbottfano archers, tobo lap there to keepe tbat paflage , fo? tbe b?ute ran, 
 tljat tbe jf renebmen (rjoulD lanoe there 0? at Sandwich, ano tbe king lap at London , ano part 
 of bis Cotmcell toitb bim, ami oailp bearo tpoings from all tbe po?tesof England, dBbntthe 
 king of Armenia toas arriueo atDouer,ljebaotberegooDtbccre, became Ijetoasaffranger, 
 ano fo be came to tbe kings Uncles there , tuljo fmeetlp ceceiueo Ijim, ano at a time conuenient, 
 tbepoemaunDco of bimfrom tebtnee became ana tDb>tbccbeixioulD, %ty king anftuereo ann 
 fapo, tbat in trull of gooDneffe be toas come tljrttjcc to fee tbe king f England,anD bis Counccll, 
 to treate of peace betojeene England ano France, foj btfaifetbatbe tbougbttbetoarreiMasnot 
 meete ; fo? be fapo, bp reafon of marre bettoeene tbefe ttoo Eealmes,tobirb Wb inoureo fo long, 
 tlje Saracens , lewes jTurkes are toatep pjouoe, fo? there is none tbat make tbem anp toarre, 
 mn bp occafion thereof 31 banc iolt mp lanD anD Ecalmc, anD am not like to rccotter them againe 
 toitbout there toere firme peace in all CbjittenDome: n- 31 tooulo glaolp (heto the matter that tou- 
 cbetb all Cbjiflenoome to the kingof England,anD to bis Councell.as 3 baue Done to tlje if rench 
 king, tkbcutbe kings ancles DemaunaeD of him if the jTrencb king Cent him thitbero?no;be 
 anfuiereo ano fapD , no : there is no man that fent mee, but 3 am come hither bp mine otone mo< 
 tion to fee if the king of England $ bis Councel tooulo anp thing leane to anp treatp of peace,tbcn 
 toas SjCDematmDcD toljetetljc jrcencl)kingtoas,heanftoereDabelceueh« be atsiuce,3l fatoc 
 
 not 
 
 
 

 I I ^. -■■-.■ - -■ -I I - ■ 
 
 6 8 The Englidi Voyages,Nauigations, The K^pfArm. 
 
 notbimfitbence3tookempleaueofbimat Senlrze, ^tn be toas BemaunDeD, boteebecoutti 
 
 make anp trcattcof peace, ano bao no charge fotoooe, ano fetr,tfpcc becoiiuepcototbe King 
 
 our J5epUettJ ano to Ijis Counfell, ano the f rencb king in tlje meane feafon enter toitb bis puiC= 
 
 fan'ce into England; peemaptjappetljerebp to recttue great blame.annpotttperfontobe in great 
 
 teoperop toitb tbcm of the Countrep. ©ben the King anftoereo ann fato , 3 am in furetie of tbe 
 
 jFrcncbking, fo? 31 batiefent to bim, uefiring Ijim till 31 retutne againe, not to remoue from 
 
 Sluce, ann 3 repute (jim fo noble ann To toell aoutfeo, that be mill grannt mp ocfire, ano that bee 
 
 toill not enter into the fea , till 31 come againe to bim, ffiaberefo?e,Grs,3l p?ap pou in the inHance 
 
 of lone ano peace, to comtep me to fpcake tiritb tbe King, fo? 35 oefire greatlp to fee bint : \ elfe 
 
 peetbatbebisillncles, itpebaueautho?itie,togtuemeanftocretoallmpDemaunDs, ©ben tbe 
 
 Carle of Buckingham fapo , fp? king of Armenia, toe be o?oapneo bere to keepe ano oefeno tbis" 
 
 palfage, ami tbeftontters of England,bp tbeKing anD bis Cottnfell , ano toee baue no cbarge to 
 
 meDDic anp furttjec toitb tbe bufineffe of tbe Kealme,toitbout toe be otbertoife commanoeo bp tbe 
 
 King % %\xt Otb pe be come fo? a goon intent into tljis Countrcp, pe be rigbt toelcome j but fir.as 
 
 fb?anp6rmeanftoerepe can bauenoneofbs,fo? as nototoebenotoftbe Councell, but toe (ball 
 
 conuep pou to the king toitbtwtpertllo? Danger, ©be king tbankeo them, ano faio : 3j DcCreno* 
 
 thing elfe but to fee tlje king ano to fpcake toitb tjim. 
 
 How the King of: Armenia returned out of England } and of the 
 aniwere that was made to him. 
 
 teta^ ^^y C;en the king of Armenia toaa tefretbcD at Doner a cap, anD bno fpoken toitb 
 
 I tbe kings ftncles at gooo leafurc, then be Depart eo totoaros London , toitb a 
 
 ' goon conDttct tbat the to?os appointeo to him , fo? feare of anp reccunters : fo 
 
 long be roDe tljat be came to London , anD in bis rpDing ttnotigb London be 
 
 toastoellregarocD , becaufe be toas a Aran ger, anD be baogooD cbeare maDe 
 
 bim, anD fo toas bjougbt to tbe king, tobo lap at tbe Kopall at the &ueene$ 
 
 toaro?obe, ano bis Councell toere in London at tteivloogings : ©he ionooners toere fo?efo?* 
 
 tefping of tljtir citic. ^ben tbe coirmting of tbe kingof Armeniatoas knotoen,tbe ktnQS <£oun* 
 
 cell Djeto to tbe King to be are totjat tpoings the King b?ougljt in tbat troublous feafen : Z&tyn 
 
 tlje king of Armenia toas come into tbe kingsp jefcnee, Ije maDe bis falutation anD tben brganne 
 
 bis p?oceffeto the (fates, Ijotobetoas come out ofFrance p?uicipallptbfeetbcktng of England 
 
 tobo be baf newer feene before, 9 faiD,hoto be toas right iopous to be in bis p?t fenre,trwtting tljat 
 
 fbrnegooonetfe might come tberebp.ano there be ujetoeo bp his too?Ds,tbat to toitbflanoe the 
 
 great pefltlence tbat toas Iikelp to be in England ; therefore be toas come of bis otone gooDtoill 
 
 to Doe gooD therein if hemigbt, not fent from the JFrenclj king , totllrag to fct fomc acco?oc ano 
 
 peace bettoeene the ttoo Kealmes England ano France, spanp faire pleafant too?os tlje king of 
 
 Armenia fpake to tlje ktng of England, ano to btBCounfell.tljenhe toas ujojtlpanftoereDtljus: 
 
 Sp? king , pe be toelcome into tljis Kealme , fo? tlje king our Soueraigne lo?D , ano all toe are 
 
 glao to fee pou bere, but llr,toe lap tbattljektng bath not here alibis Councell, butOjo?tlptbep 
 
 fljall be here, anD tben pe ujall be anftoereo. ©he king of Armenia toas content tljerctoitb, ano 
 
 fb returncD to bis loDging. Within foure Dapes after tbe king toas counfelleo (ano 31 tljmke be 
 
 IjaD fent to Ijis Encles to knoto their intents , but tbep toere not picfent at tbe anftoere giutng) 
 
 to goe to tlje pallace at Weftminfter ano bis Councell toitlj ljim,fucb as toere about bim, anD to 
 
 feno fo? tbe king of Armenia to come tbitljer. SnD toben be toas come into tlje p?efence of tlje 
 
 king of England anD Ijis Councell, tbe king fate ootone, ano the king of Armenia bp bim , ano 
 
 tben the p?eiates anD other of his Councell. ©here the king of Armenia rebearfco againe W 
 
 requeftes that Ije maoe, ano alfo ujetoeo toifelp boto all Cb?tttenDcme toas fo?e oecapeo ano fee= 
 
 bltujeDbpoccaBonoftbetoarres bettoeene England ano France, 9nDbqto that all tlje knights 
 
 ano Squires of both 'Realmeg entenDeo nothing elfe, but altoapes to be on the one part 0? of tbe 
 
 other: toljerebp the empire of Constantinople leefctb,ano is IiketoIeefe;fo?befo?e this toarre 
 
 the Knights ano Squires toere toont to aouenture themfelucs. 3no alfo tlje king of Armenia 
 
 tbetoeo tljat bp occafion of tljis toarre be bao loll bis Kcalmc of Armenia , tbcrefo?e be Btfireo fo? 
 
 (Sods fake tbat there might be fume treatpof peace bao bettocenetbe ttoo Kealmcs England ano 
 
 France. ©0 tbefe toojDes anftoereo the arcljbiftjop of Canterburie, fo? be bao charge fo to Doe; 
 
 anoljefapo, Sir king of Armenia, it is not the manner no? neiftr toas feene bettoeene ttoo 
 
 fucb enemies as tlje king of England ano tbe Jfrencb king , that tbe kingmp Souereignelojoe 
 
 fijoulD be requtreo of peace,anD be to enter bislano toitb a puiflant armp, toberefo?c Gr,toe Tap to 
 
 pou,tljat if itpleafe pou,pe map returne to tbe jFrenclj king , ano caufe. him ano all his puiflance 
 
 to 
 
Hen. B. of Derby. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 6 9 
 
 torccurnebackcintotbeironinecountreps. 9nori)bencuerpman be at home, then if it pleafe 
 pou pe map rcturne againc hither, ano tijen toe (ball glaolp intcnoe to pour tteatie, 
 
 %l)is luas all the anf were the king of Armenia coulo get tljere.ano fo be oinco toitb the king 
 of England , ano Ijao as great honour as coulo bee Deuifeo , ano tlje king offeree Ijimmanp 
 great gifts of goloe ano Rluer , but be ttoulo take noHe tljoaglj be bao nceoe thereof, but alone* 
 Ip a ring to cijc bate of a rjtmcjetvj jFrankcs. after Dinner be tooke bis leaue ano returned bn= 
 to bis Iooging,anDtl;encrtDapDeparteD,anD bias two oapes at Dower, ano there be tooke bis 
 leaue of fuel) lops as Uiere there, ano fo tooke the lea in a pafiager, ano arriueo at Calais ano 
 from thence toent to Sluce, ano rherehc fpake toitb the JFrencb king auo uiitf) bis 51ncle3 ,ano 
 iljctoco them hoii) be hao bene in England, ano tohatanftuere \z hati: the JFrenclj king ano bis 
 (Unties tooke no regard of bis Taping, but fent feint backe againe into France, to? their full inten= 
 tion l»as to enter into England as {bone as tbep migfet feaue SutnDe ano toeatber , ano the Duke 
 of Berrie ano the Ccmllible came to tbem : "€& uunoe tuas foje contratp to tfecm, fo? ttjcrcXuttlj 
 thep coulo uettcr enter into England but the toinoe teas goon to goetuto Scotland, 
 
 The voyage ofHenrie Earle oiDerhie ? after Duke of Hereford, 
 
 and laftly Henry the fourth king of England , to Tunis in 
 'Barbaric, with an armyot Englifhmen written by 
 To/idore Vtrgtll. fag. 138$. 
 
 1 Rranci interim per induciasnafti ocium ,ac fimuIGenuenfium precibusde- 
 tfatigati.bellumin Afros, qui omnem oraminfulafqueltaliselatrocinijs infe- 
 'ftasreddebant,iufcipiunt. Richardusquoquerex Anglia; rogatus auxtlium, 
 inittitHenricum comirem Dcrbienfem cum electa Anglican pubis manu ad 
 1 id bellum faciendum. Igirui Franci Angliqueviribus & animisconfociatisin 
 Africa traijciunt,qui vbi littus attigere,eatenus a Barbaris delcefione probibiti 
 func, quoad Anglorum fagittariorum virtute factum eft, vt aditus pateret: in terram egrcfll re- 
 cta Ttmetam vrbem regiam petunr,ac obfidcnt.Barbari timore affecti de pace ad eoslegatos 
 mittunc, quamnoftrisdareplacuit, vt folutacerca pecuniae fummaab omni deinceps Italia?, 
 Galliarque oramanus abftinerent« lea peracfrs rebus poft.paucosmenfes,quam eoitum erar, 
 domumrepediatum eft. 
 
 , The fame in Englifii. 
 
 Tfye jf rencfein the meane feafon baaing gotten feme leafure bp meanes of their trtrcc, attu 
 being folltciteo ano bjgeo bp tbcintreaticsoftbeGenuois.onocrtooke to roage toarre a= 
 gainfl the Moores, Uibo robleo ano fpoplco all the coatts cf Italy , anD of the aianDcs afiiacenc. 
 Likciuile Richard the fecono ,king of England, beingfueo onto fojapoe, Cent Henry the (Earle 
 of Derbie uiitl) a choice armte of tEnglitb fouloiers unto the fame toaifare. £32bei'cfoje the 
 <£nglitb ano jftencb , tout!) fcnecs ano minoes bnttco , fapleo ouer into Africa, loho toljen tbep 
 appjoebco onto the iljoje toiere rcpelko bp the Barbarians fromlanDing , tontill fticrj time as 
 tbep bao paffagcmaoc them bp the balour of the€ngliirj archers. Cbus bauing lanoeo their 
 forces , tbep foojtbUiith marcheo bnto the ropall citie of Tunis , ano befiegeo it. ffiilbercat the 
 Barbarians being oifmapco, Cent 3mbaltaoouts bnto our Cbjifiian Cbicftames to treat of peace, 
 mbtch our men graunteo onto tbcm,opon contrition that tljcp fhoulo pap a certaine fumme of mo-- 
 nep, ano that tbep (rjottlo from trjenccfoojtb abftaine from piracies bpon all the coafts of Italy ano 
 France. ano fo hatting oifpatcljeo their buGnefle , toithin a fetue monetljs after their Departure 
 tbep returneo home. * 
 
 This Hiftorie is fbmewhat otherwife recorded by Frqyfard 
 
 and Holenfied'm manner following, pag.473. 
 
 IJQ the thirteenth pecre of the reigne of king Richard the fecono , the Cfejittian* tooke in 
 hauo a iottcnep againtr tlje Saracens of Barbarie though fute of the ©enouois, fo that there 
 toent a great number of Lojos,i5nights,a"no©entlemenof France ano England, the Duke 
 of Burbon being tbeiv (Senerall. SDut of England there toent Iohn de Beaufort baflaroe 
 fonne to the Duke of Lancafter (as Froyfardhatbnoteo)alfo S)ir Iohn Rufl'ell,!i)ir Iohn 
 Butler, ^ir Iohn Harecourt ano others . Cbep fet fojtoaroe in tlje latter cnoe of the thir- 
 teenth peere of theEings reigne, ano came to Genoa, tuljeretljep remapneo not berie long, 
 
 but 
 
ties Of Genoa. 
 
 .11 » 4- 
 
 Froyflart. 
 
 Thomas Wal- 
 fingham. 
 
 70 TheEnglilhVoyages ? Nauigations, fob . Hawfy. 
 
 but tljat tbe gallics ano otljerDeflelsof theGenouois mere reaop topafle tfjemoucrinto Barba- 
 tie, 3nn fo about miotbrner in tbebeo tningof tfce fouretcentljpcre of tbisfeingsreignetbetobcle 
 armp being embarfeeo, fallen fojtU to tfje coatt of Barbary, toijcre uecreco the cttp of Africa thep 
 lanoeo:at tobtc^ inftant tbc (ffingltO) archers (astbe Cbjonicles of Genoa lujite) 800D all tlje 
 companp ingoonftcantoitbtheirlongyotoes, beating bacfeetbe enemies fromtbeOjojc, tobtch 
 tameoonjnetorECtfl tbetrlanctng, after tbrpljao got to lann, tbepinuironentljecttp of Africa 
 (callen bp tlje Spoojes Mahdia) toitljafcrong Bege ; but at length conttrainen toitrj the in* 
 tempetancpof cbe fcaloingapjc in tljat botcountrep^ecoingintbearmpfunnjpoiieares, thep 
 fell to a competition npon certaine articles to beperfbjmen in tlje bebalfe of tlje g>aracens : arm 
 fo 61 napes after their artiuall trjere tbep toofce the feas againe , ann returned borne, as in tlje bi* 
 Bodies of France ami Genoa is lifceBjifeerpjeffeD. 2£tbere,bp Polydore Virgil itma» feeme,tbae 
 tlje lojo Henry of Lancaiter earle of Dei by ftoulD be gerterall of tbe Cngliuj men ," tljat (as be* 
 foje pou ijeato) rjoent into Barbary ijjitrj tlje jFreucb men ano ©cnotiois. 
 
 The memorable victories in diuers parts ofltalie of Iohn HaTbkwood 
 Englifh man in the reigneof Richard thefecond, briefly recorded by M. 
 
 Camden. pag.33?. 
 
 D alteram ripati fluuij Colne oppofitus eft Sibble Heningham,loc^natalis, n 
 
 accepi,Io3nnisHaukvvoodi(ItaIiAucuthumcortuptevocant)quemillitanto- 
 
 pere ob virtutem militarem fufpexerunt , vt Senatus Florentinus propter infig- 
 
 I nia mcrita equeltri ftatua & tumuli honore in eximia? fortitudinis,fideique tefti- 
 
 t monium ornauit . Res eius geftas Itali pleno ore prsedicant ; & Paulus louius in 
 
 elogijs celebrat : fat mihi fu Iulij Fercldi tetraftichon adijeere. 
 
 Hankwoode zAnglorurn decus, & deem odditis genii 
 
 Italics., Italtcofr&jidwma folo, 
 Vt tumuli quondam Florentia , jic fmulachri 
 Vtrtutem louius don at bonore tuam. 
 
 William Thomas in bis Ipiflojte of tbc common toealtbes of Italy ,maftetlj rjonojable men» 
 tion of Ijim tmife, totoit, intbe common toealtlj of Florentia ano Ferrara. 
 
 The voyage of the Lord Iohn of Holland, Earle of Huntington , bro- 
 ther by the mothers fide to King Richard the fecond, to Ierufalcm and Saint 
 
 Katbertns mount, 
 
 2$|N|-§§ ^ e kojn Iohn of Holland, «CarIc of Huntington, tuasastben on b?s toap to Ie- 
 %H M,f rufalem , ami to £&aiut Katherins mount, ano purpofen to rctume bp crje Kealme of 
 
 E^# Hungarie.jTo?asbepaffeotlj?ougb France (lobereljeljaD great cljeere of tbebing, 
 £*$> ano of bisbjotljerano Uncles) becljearn botetbe king of Hungary ano tlje great 
 Turke Qjouln batte battell togetljer : rtjerefo?e be tljougbt furelpto be at tljat iourncp. 
 
 The voiage of Thomas lord Moubray duke of Norfolke to Ierufakm y 
 in the yeere of our Lord 1393. written by Holinfredfag. 1233. 
 
 Homas Io?0 Moubray, feconOfonne of Elizabeth Segraue antt Iohn IOJO Moubray 
 
 her bufbano,Uias aouanccD to tlje nulteoome of Norfolke in tlje 2 1 .peere of p" reigne 
 of Richard tlje 2,<§>bo jtlp aftectQrjtcij, Ijee toas appcalen bp Henry earle of Bulling- 
 wss-**^ broke of treafon,ano carico to tlje cattle of Windfore .tubere be teas Cronglp 9 fafelp 
 gatDet), batting a time of combate granted to Determine tljetauie bettoecnetbc ttoooufecsi, tlje 
 i6 f oapof ^>cptember,tntbe 22,oftljefapofetng, being tbepeere of ottrrcoemption 1 598, 3£5uC 
 in tbecno'tlje matter teas foojojen, tljat ujisouke of Norfolke teas bamujeo foj etter : totjere* 
 upon taking bis ionrnep to Ierufalem,be oien at Venice in Ijis r eturne from tlje faio citie of Iem- 
 falem.in tlje Gtft peere of lung Henry tbe 4,about trje peere of our reoemption, 1 3 9 9. 
 
 The comming of the Emperor of Constantinople into England, to 
 
 defiretheaideof#«7ry the 4. againfttheTurkes, 1400. 
 
 Vbeodem tempore ImperatorConftantinopoIitanusvenitin Angliam,poftulatu- 
 
 §5 rus fubfidium contra Turcas.Cui occurrit rex cum apparatu nobih ad leBIackheath, 
 
 diefan6iirhoma:Apoftoli/ufcepitque,proutdecuit,tantutnHeroem,duxi[q;Lon- 
 
 donias 
 
Henry the 4.. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 7 1 
 
 donias,& per mukos dies exhibuic glonofe.pro expends hoipmj iui loluens, & cum relpiciens 
 tanto faitigio donatiuis. Ec paulopoll : His auditis rumonbus,Impcrator Ixcior recciTic ab An- 
 glis,honoratusarcgedonarijspreciofis. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 A15outtbefamecimetbeemperojofConftantinople came into England, to Teeltc aptic a* 
 gainft tbe burkes : tobom p" king accompanieo toitb bis nobilitie,met toitball upon 15lack- 
 beatl) upon tljcoap of faint Thomas tbe apoftle, anD receiueo bim as befe rmc o fo great a pjtacr, 
 aito bjougbt bint to Lonaon, ano roiallp cntcttainco bimfoj a long; fcafon, Defraying tl;c cbarges 
 of bis Dict.ano giutng Ijtm manp honorable pjcfcnts.!3nD a title aftertoaro : Upon t be bear mo; of 
 rbefc nctocs.tljc emperoj oeparteo toitb great top out of England,uibom tbe king bonourcu tottfe 
 manp pjecious gifts. 
 
 The Voiage of the bifhop otWincheHer to Ierufakm, in the fixe 
 yecrc of thereigne oiHenry the fife, which was the yeerc of our Lord, 
 1-4-17. ThomatWalJiHg. 
 
 1 LtimodiememisO(ftobris,cpircopusWintonienfisaccc(iit ad concilium Conftan- 
 /$ cienfe, pcregrinaturus Hierofolymam poft eleclionefummi pontificis celcbratam, 
 yjg vbi tantum valuit cius facunda perfuafio, vt & excitaret dominos Cardinalts ad 
 * concordiam j & ad election cm fumini pontificis fe ocyus prxparar cnt. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 Tl&eIaiitiapof©et6bertbebi{bopofWincheftercamftotbeCounceHofConflancc,tobtc^ 
 after tbecbuting of the ipopcoetenm'neo to take bisiournep to Ierufalem : toberebiselo* 
 quenc perftoafion fa ntucb pjeuatlcD,that be botb yrrftuaBcn inp lops tbe Carctnalg to Unitp ana 
 eonco jo.ano alfo m. uet> them to p jaccco mo ?e fpccnilp to tlje election of tbepope. 
 
 A preparation of a voyage of King Henrte the fourth to the Holy 
 /Wagainlhhe infidels in rhe yere 141 3,being the laft yere of his reignc: 
 wherein he was preuented by death : written by JYalJingham, Fabian, Poljdore Vir- 
 gilt, and Holenpied. 
 
 315 tbis fouretecntfe ano lafl perc of king Henries rcigne a eooncell teas bolnen in 
 » tbe White friers in London, at tbe totjicb among otber tbinga , o?oer toas taken 
 >fo?Gjips ant) gallics to be builoeo ant> mace reaop, ano all ottjer tbmgsneceflarp e>ttmt»Mm 
 to be pjouioco fo? a uopage, tobicb be ntcsnt to make into tbe Holy land, tbere to JWjSJJJS 
 ■ recouertbe citp of Ierufalem from tbe inSoels : fo j it gricueti bim to confioer tbe \m» an 
 g. cat malice of Cb;iftian pjinccs , tbat lucre bent upon a nufebieuous purpofe to Deflrcp one an* 
 otber, totbeperillof tbeir otonefoules, ratrjer tbetuo make toarreagainfftbe enemies of tbe 
 CbjiGian faitb, as in confcicnce, it feemeo to bim, tljcp merebouno. Wit finoe, fapech Fabian 
 in bis Cbjomck , tJjac l;e toas taken toitb bis laft Gckeneffe, tobile be toas matting bispjtapers at 
 Saint Edwards n-.jine ; t'.cre as it lucre, to take btsleatte, ana fo to pjoceetie foojcbonljts 
 iournfp.UpcroasfofuDDeiilp ana gricuoutlp taken, tbnt fuel) as lucre about bint feareo leaQ be 
 luoiilD banc oico picfnulp : teljercfoje to vclicuc I;im , if it lucre polftble, tbep bare bim into a 
 tbamber tbat toas nert at banc, belonging to tbe Slbbot of Weflminfter , lubcre tbep Iapo bim on 
 a pallet before tbe fire .ana ufen all remcoics to reuiuc bim, 3t lengtl; be rccottcrcD bis fpeetb, and 
 pc rcciuing bimfclfe in a ttrange place lubicb be kneto not, be toilleo 1 kn toe if t be 1 bam t cr :;ao 
 anp particular name, lubereuntoanftoerc toas mace, tbat it toas calleo Ierufalem. ^ijen fapoe 
 tbe king, latioes be giucn to ilje fatber of bcauen : fo; uoto 31 knotoe tbat J (ball oie bere in this 
 chamber, aceojotng to tbe pjopbefie of meeueclareo, tbat 3i fijotilo Depart tbis life mjeru- 
 falem. 
 
 Of this intended voyage Tolydore Vtrgikwriteth 
 in manner following: 
 
 \ Oft haec Henricus Rex memor nihil homini debere eflc antiquius,quam ad officium 
 
 liuftitia:, qua: adhominumvtilitatempertinet,omne fuum ftudium conferre, pro- 
 
 ! tiniis omiffociuili bello, quopudebat videreChriftianosomni tempore turpiter 
 
 occupari, de republica Anglica bene gubernanda, de bello in hoftes communes 
 
 fumendo, 
 
 ' 
 
— - — - ... - ■ — , - _ n ^ 
 
 71 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, The lofe of%hodes. 
 
 *T— — — — , — . _ 
 
 iumendo,de Hicrofolymis tandem ahquando recipiertdis plura detliuabat , ciaiTcmquc lain 
 parabat ,cum ei talia agenti atque meditanti cafus mortem attulit : iubito enim motbo tenia* 
 tus, nulla rnedicina lublcuari potuit, Mortuus til apud Wcftmonaftcrium , annum sgens 
 quadrage limum iextum ; qui fuit annus falutis humans 14 1 3, 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 A3FtetteatTj,lKmgHenry calling to min&e , tljat notljing ougfre to be moje big&lp effeemto 
 l>p anpman,tbcnto ooe tbe btmoBof htsimDtuourfbj tbeperfonnaviVc of iutttcr, totjittj 
 tentictl to the gooo ant) benefice of mankitiDe ; dt ogethet abanoonmg ciuill ruarrc ( toberesritlj 
 be toas; aOjanico to fee, fcott Cbnfliansat all times lucre aiujowmrablpbuueo) eitterea in* 
 to a nioje Detpe confioeration oftoell gouernmgbisfKcalme of England, of teaming toarre 
 againfltrje common enemie.anij of recottering, in MjocefTe of time, trje cititof Ierufalem , pea, 
 mto tow pjoutomg a nauie foj tbe fame purpofe , tobenas in tbe bcrp rmott of t&is hi? bercicall 
 action ant» enterpjife, Ije tone furpjifeo "antlj oeatrj : fo; filing into a fasten oifeafe , lie cento 
 not be cttrco bp anp kinoe of pbiltcke, Ij)e oeceafeBJS Wcftminfter in tfce 46 p eare of bis age, 
 tohiebntastntbepeereof our Io|0, 1413., . 
 
 A briefe relation of the fiege and taking of the Citfe of 
 
 <I(Jx)des $ by Sultan Soliman the great Turke , tranflated out of 
 French into Englifh at the motion of the Reuerend Lord 
 
 Themtu Dockyraji , great sPrior of the order of /««- 
 filem in England, in they cere, 15*4. 
 
 \ OTing faitljfullp ti rj#te atfrmtiute in bcrttie lt)iuon>.n,trjf great fit ge,crucl 
 , eppupatton, an* piteous talting oftlje noble ana renotomeb tttt'e cf Rhodes, 
 1 tbckep of Cbji3eii0cme,tfoehopeof manppooje ChjiSianmen, fcmbbolocn 
 HfCurkieto faue and ftecp« iljcnt in tljtu- fattlj : tge tctt anopcrrrlp folate of 
 noblepilgrmwsoftbeMpf«P«Itl;2eof3!eruC^iltattrjotljetl)3lpirtarcs:tUe 
 ' refuge ano refrefbtng of all Cbjiirtart people : batting courfe of ntarcfcnoife 
 fa the parties of Leuant, 31 p?omu"eto allcttatcs tbatfljail lee this p?efet;tbooltc,ib;>t 3J tjatie 
 left notrjing fo? ftare of anp perfon , no? pjeferrco it fo? fauour, ano firtt 3 (ball Ibcire tb« 
 occauonstbatmoouebtbt'scrueH btooo&jecjoer, enemte of our &oipCb?t3ianfattb, Sultan So- 
 liman ; noto being great SEurfce ,to come teitr) a great bofie bp feaano bplanoe, to beKcge an* 
 affaplc the fpace of itre monetljs, rogbt ano oap,tbe uoble ano mfgbtie eitie of Rhodes, % be pcie 
 of the incarnation of out Ic^o gjcfuChjitt, 1522*' 
 
 The occalions why the great Turke came tobefiege 
 
 the Citie of Rhodes. 
 
 Tfye Srft ano p)inetpaUc'attfe toas trjat tje did confioer anofatoebper^eTierire.tfjnetfjere 
 to is none other bourne no? place in Leuanc that irmrrco againQ him no; kept him in 
 Boubt, bat tl)is pooje rocke of Rhodes i ano bearing tbe ronttnnall complainte? ef bis fub* 
 I'ectes aTrnfU of Syria , as of Turkie, fo? tl?e bomages ano pn'tes r/aplp bone of tbet'r booted 
 ano goofes bp €()?iflian men of toarre rcceiuco into Rhodes : 9nrj alto of tbe ffjippec ano gal« 
 lies bf tfje religion , be toofee conclufionin bmifelfe, tbat if be migbt pttt tbe fapoe ^otone in 
 bis potoet ano fttbierticn , that then be fboulo be peaceable Iojd of all tl;e parties of Leuant,ami 
 trjat bis fttbiects ftoiric complaine no mo it 1 btm, 
 
 %\je fecono,tbat foe migbt follotoetbefoingstof l)ii noble p^eneceuourjt , ann ujerue rjim* 
 felfe berp beire of tbe migbtie ano bictojf ous lo?o Sultan Selim bis fatrjer,njilling to pnt in creca* 
 tion tbe cnterp?ifebpbim left the peereonetbotttano fiuebmiDjeotrnentieanoone. ^bJ-tobttft 
 Selim tbe great 'Curke put iu all rcnincfle bis armie to tbe number of tb?ee bnnnjeth faplcs pur» 
 pofing fojtofefflrtbem againtt Rhodes, if mojtalitiebao notbappenerj in bisbott,anobfafttr« 
 lrjaroe bp the tuill of our lo?De iuas futpjsfcD ano taken toitbticatb : tohcrffoie be being in 
 tbe latter enoe of bis oapes, (as fome burkes ano falfe cbjitttan men tljat toereactbtsficge 
 fijc toeu me) oio cljarge bp bis tettament , o|taufeo to charge bis fonne note being great Sturke, 
 trjat after bis oeatb bee fljoulo make t)is ttoo firft enterpy.fes , tbe one agamtt Bcllcgrado in 
 Hungarie, ano tfyt other againQ Rhodes, fo? to get Ijim honour , atiD to f« big CouhtrifB 
 
k r he loffe of Rhodes. Traffiqiies^and Difcoueries. 
 
 73 
 
 (fans LkcoikC 
 
 fpii e often* 
 
 ano fubiectes in reit ano Turette . %\yt which fattjerip motion eafttic etuetcD into him ano mas 
 
 impjimeo in the (jearc ano pcong tuill of tfjc fnpoe Solyman bis fonne , the tobir ij fame 
 
 after the neat!) of his father put tn efftec tJjc 6rft euterp?tfc , ano raift d an huge holtc both 
 
 bp toatcr ana bp lano , .-moment Ijimfclfc i« petfoii againli Bcllegtado, arigbtlSrcHgplacc Grueling of 
 
 in Spungarie ♦ 3no after ct>ac fjfe hao befiegeo it tlje fpaceof two moneys oj thereabout, *«»»**• 
 
 fo? fattltof ojtoinancc ano tottailes, ittoas peelrco to bun bp competition tlje etgbt Dap of g>rp= 
 
 tcmber, in cbepeere of out Io?D,one thoufano fine huno jcd ttoeutie ano one. Ehe fapo Solymaa 
 
 |)auingtl)!!3ljicto?p,Ueina;fU)oUenanQraifcDinp?tDennoiiaineglo?p, turneo bis (jeait agapnlt 
 
 Rhodes. jacucctljelefTcJjc nor ignojant of tlje Crengtlj of it, auo confiocring the qualities oftlje 
 
 people that were tottbin it, of toljom Ijc fijottln be Voeil rccet'iieo as Ijis pjeDcccffours hao bene a« 
 
 t'p?etimes, ootibteo much, ano kneto not hoto to furnitb his entcrpjtfc « tfo? his rapitaiucs ano 
 
 Bafhas turneo him from it as much as thep might bp manp reafons , thep knowing the foj.ee 
 
 of it, faueoneIpMuftofaBafhatjisb?otherinlau)e, tlje laljtclj counfelko ano pttt tjim in mmoe 
 
 to goe thither, "jftnailp,ljeepHrpofcD entirelp to haue it bptrcaf on oj,bpfo?ce, Slnb alfo fjo'j the 
 
 fame caitre ano purpofe, his father in his Dapes hao fent a 3ietoc phpfician into Rhodes as a fpit 
 
 tohaue the better kuotoleoge of it : tlje fapo Solyman toas infomteD that he toas there I'ct.tobfr 
 
 fo?c he fent him toojne tljat he (boulD abioe tljere fltU fo? tlje fame caufe ♦ Stao gaue in chare e to" umZ 
 
 oncofthcchiefemenmSio,to Ccno unto the fapojetoe all things nccDtfull tomaintaine hnn, 
 
 9no the fame Setoctojotetohitn ofSio,tnioer yjiuic toojoes , all that bias none in Rhodes to 
 
 giue hnotolcDge tljcreofto tlje great "Stucke ; ano the better to hioe his trcafon.tijcfappe ietoe 
 
 mane himfelfctobeebaptifco, anotobcctbcmojcnamcetobcerpeitin^hpfi'KC, Ijt oto feme 
 
 faircrurc3tofucljastoci'CDifeafcD, tohctebpljebcgantobeetoelltrutteo, anDcamcinfaucur 
 
 toith manp wbftantiallfolkesof the totone ♦ among all ether things tohercof bee aouertifco the 
 
 great {Eurfce,onetoasofatoalIthat teas takriiDotonefoj to benetobuiioeo at the buitoatkc of 
 
 Auucrgne, certifying Ijim that if heecamehaSelptoitb bis hette, Ijce might eafilie ano at ima- 
 
 toarcs furpjife the totone tn fuclj cftate as it toas at that tunc , Sgjanp other aouertifements alio 
 
 toaem'ngshee fljctoeotlje'&tu'ke, tobich (hall bee oeclareo hereafter. 'BtitbeOcchis auuertifc* 
 
 went, the lapo great 3Curkc fiirreOano pjottokco bpa falfe traitour, a Portingale knight of jj^j" 1 * 1 " 
 
 ours, that time ^hanccllcr of tlje fapo Ijoip Kxligion, a man of great authojtrie, oignitie, ano 
 
 tmoerttanoiiig, anDoncofthepjincipaHIojDesoftbe counfeiloftljefame, namco&ir Andrew 
 
 de Merall, bp little ano little toasmooueo ano kinolectctljc fapo enterpjife of trcafon, toljerc= 
 
 of vnas no maruell , fo? it luas a great Ijope ano comfojt to Ijatte fuclj a perfon fo? him, tljat 
 
 feneto nil tlje ettate ano rule of tlje religion ano of the totone , 3no fo? to oeclire the cccafions of 
 
 tlje cttrfeo ano bnljappp toill of tlje Caio traito } tljat Ijao bene occafion of fo great loffe ano Damage, 
 
 ano Iballbe mojeattljclengtljjif tlje otuinepotoer fct not to his Ijano. 
 
 9noljereitismanifeaip to bee biiDcrflooo of all men, tljat after the Death of tlje noble ano 
 right pjucentlojD, Fabriceof Cacetco, great maftcr of Rhodes, tlje fapo <%>ir Andrew en* 
 flameoonth ambition ano couetoufneile to bee great matter , anD feeing himfelfc oecciueoof 
 Ijts hope, bp the election maoc the ttoo ano tuienttetl) Dap of Januarp , of the right reuercno ano 
 illttttratclojo, Philip de VilliersLifleadam, befojeljtm : from tljat time hcetoohefo great cn« Mii^deViitiM 
 ttteanODefperattOH, enmitie ano euill mill, not onclpagatnfi tlje fapoclojo, but againttall the BKatwaiur. 
 Ijoip religion , tljat bee fct all ijts ItuDie ano putpofe , to betrap ano fell Ijis religion ano tlje 
 citie of Rhodes to the cutfcomifbelecuers, forgetting the great honours ano goooncfTe that 
 bee hath Ijaa of the religion, ano hopeo to recetue, tottlj manp other particulet pleafurcsthattlje 
 fapo lop matter Ijao cone to him « 15iittheDetiilI,onftinDneu"e, ano njitheDneffe Ijaofoblinoeo 
 tlje epes of Ijis thought, tljat Ijee in no Tuifc coulo rcfraine Ijim , but at ettcrp purpofe tljat toas 
 fpohenafojcljtm, IjceiDasihojt ano might not Diffemble ♦ 9nD one Dap among other Ijee fapoe 
 before manp knights , tljat Ijee tooulc tljat his foule toere at the Of uill, ano tljat Rhodes' ano 
 the religion to ere lott , 9no manp other fooliihanODtujonettpurpofcs ano too?Des Ijee bttereo, 
 toljereat none tooke been, no? thought tljat bee haotlje courage to Doe that thing that bee batb 
 Done , Il)otobcit, obftinate as Iudas, bee pttt in erccution his cttrfeo toill t fo?fbonc after that 
 the tioings of tlje election toas fent tKElctttoarD to tlje fapDc nobielojD, the fapo dc Merall did 
 fens a ©ttrke pjifonec of his to Conrtantinople, onoct (ljaootoeto fetch Ijts rav.fonte , T5p 
 iDhom Ijee aottcrtifeo tlje great Surke ano bis counfell, of the maner ano Degree of Rhodes, 
 ano in toljnt ttateanoconoicionthe tottne toas in ofall maner of tljingsat tljattimc, anotolwt 
 might happen of it , pjouoking ano flirring Ijim to come toitij a great ijotte ta beficge tlje 
 totoue. 3ua after tlje comming cf tlje fapo rcttcreno lo?o great matter, Ijc gaue other abuife to 
 the great ©;itke, Qjetoinghuntljatljcecoiiloncuerljauebtttectimeto come, feeing tljat the 
 
 G great 
 
 - 
 
74. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The lojfe of%bodes. 
 
 great matter was new come,ano part of tlje mall taken Donne, ano that all Rhodes teas in trotb 
 blebpoccafionoffome rralian i«xistts,rebcl0 agapntt tljclojo great matter : of tbe Which rebel* 
 lion heWaseaufer, the better to tyingljiscucfeomtno to palfe: anoalfo gaue tlje fapDe great 
 Ctttfe knowledge tljat all Cbjittian pjtnces Were bufie, warring caelj bpon other, and that be 
 ftjoulo not doubt but if tlje rebellion latteo among them, ttje toWne fljoulo be bis Without fat!e,as 
 t'ttafcenebperperience, Qnd fojiacfee offuccours cf ruerppart,amjefpecialIpof fucbasmigbc 
 eafilp haue holpenos bepng our neighbours .tutth. tbeir gallics ano men of Warre, Wljerefoje it is 
 now in tbebanoes ofthc enemies of the chjittian faith, Che Which monitions! ano reafons of the 
 falfe eraito? being buoerttooo ano pondered bp the great Curfce ano Ijis r ounfell, it Was tonfioe* 
 reo of them not to loofc fo good occaCon ano time, aMjerefojebeemade mofiertrcme diligence 
 toriggeano apparellmanp (hips $beu"els of Diuersfojts,asgalliafi]es,galiies,peu'lsnD?es,futtes, 
 and b jtgant :ncs,to tljenumber of 3 jo.failcs ano moe, 
 
 anhen tlje plotter that the fapo de Merall did feno into Curate dad none &is ccmmtffton,hce 
 returnee into Rhodes, whereof euerp man bad maruelLStid manp folkes oeemeo e uil cf his com* 
 ming againe, as of a thing bnaccuttomeo,but none ourft fap sup thing,tecing tlje fapo de Merall 
 offo great attthojitieanDDignitie, ano Ijecljeriftjeo the fapo pitfoncrmoje then he Was Woont to 
 Doe. Cberefojebeline heebad Well cone bis meffage, ano hao bought gooo tidings to the oam» 
 nable ano fijamefull mino of the fapo traito; de Merall. 
 
 How the great Turke caufed the palTages to be kept,that none 
 fhould beare tidings of his holte to Rhodes. 
 
 TH?e great CutRt i'.itenoingtottlj great diligence to ma&ercadfelrishoffebcthbpfea atiobp 
 !ano,tbe better to ccme to Ijtspurpofe, ano to taRethetoWnebuWarilpaSfcceWas aoutt« 
 tifco, tbaughttofetepeljisooingsas Cectet as Ijec mig,ljt, ano commaunoeo thstnene of his 
 fubiects fljoulo goe to Rhodes foj anp maner of thing, Slid lifteWife Ije tooae all tlje barfe.es ana 
 bjigantines out of tfcehauens ano pontes in tljofecoattes, becaufe tljcp fljoulo gtue no knew* 
 leoge of his armie* ^ndalfoheemaoethepauagesbplanotobeeRept, that none fijculo patTe, 
 ^oWbeit,fo great apparell of an armie coulo not bee long inept clofetfoj the fpieS Which tlje umi 
 great matter hao fent into Curfeie, brought tidings to the cattle f faint Peter, ano to Rhodes, 
 of all that Was fapo anooone in Curiae ♦ J3euertheiefle,the fapo lojo gaue no great credence to 
 all that was bjougljt and told, becaufe tljnt manp peeresbefoje, tljepjeoeccflburs of the great 
 Curfcebaomaoe great armies : ano alwap it Wag fapo that tljepWent to Rhodes, thewbicfj 
 came to none effect. 9no it Washoloen fo?a mocfe.eanoabp-wo?ota manp places, that the 
 Curse Woulo goe to bettcge Rhodes. Snofo } tljis reafon Doubt Was hao of this Iatt armie, anu 
 fome thougljt that it fljoulo Ijaue gone into Cyprus 0? to Cataro, a land of tlje lojofljip of Venice. 
 ipoWbeit the great matter not Willing to bee taken bnwarflp, but the meane while as careful! 
 ano diligent foj the Wealtlj of his toWne,$hispcople,bnDerttanOing thefe tioingsof tlje Ziv.kcs 
 armie, dio all his Diligence to repatre and flrcngtljen tlje toWne , Smongtt all other things to 
 build op,ano raife the bulWarke of Auuergne, ano to cleanfc and matte Deeper tlje Ditches, 9no 
 themoje tocaufetheWojRementoljatte tljcmiu their huGneffe , tlje fapo iojo oucrfawc them 
 twifeojtbjifeeuerpdap. 
 
 How the lord great mafter counfelled with the lordes for pro- 
 uifion for the towne. 
 
 Tl^en tljefapti retterenolojd thought to fttrntfh and floje tlje toWne With moje bitailes fo? 
 the futtenance tljcccof , and fo; the famemanp times Ijee fpafee With the lopes that hao tbe 
 handling and rule of the treafurie, ano of tlje crpenfes thereof in his abfence, and fince bis com* 
 ming : Chat is to Wit,Witlj the great Commander Gabriel de pommerolles, lieutenant of tlje 
 £>triob.Eo Ut gh fapdlojo: CbeTurcopher&irlohnBourghoftheCngliftj nation: ano tlje Chanccller&ir 
 thc«ngii(i) Andrew deMeral, of Whom is fpofeen afo?e, ane of his bntruth agapntt bis religion ♦ Wq» 
 curtopuet. ^.^ y^ j0?t)£g j.^ t j jat ^ zt {j, ou t d t ^ t no fought fo? it, fo? tlje toWne Was Well flojen 
 
 Witb bitailes fo? a great while, ano that there was Wheatepnough till new cr me in : j5otWt'th« 
 flanoing it Were gooo tohauc mo?e,oj tlje ftege were laieoafo?c tbe toWne>ano tlje rcfo?eitWere 
 beljooucfull to fend fojWbeate and other ncceffarics into tlje SXHettfo? fuccours of tlje towne, 
 and at tbat time to puruep fo; euerp tljing. 
 
 Of 
 
The lojfe of Rhodes. Traf fiques and Difcoueries* 75 
 
 Oftheprouifionfor vitailes and ordinance of wane. 
 
 A & touching the flo?e anb o?binance of marre, the fapb tipes affirmeD th.it: there mas p< 
 rumgbfo? a peere ano mo?e,mljereoftbecontrarp bias found, fo?it failed a monetbo? the 
 cicie biaspcclDeb, litis oftruerij that there biasgrrat flo?c, ano to Ijaue lattcb longer then it did, 
 35ut it tarns ncedfull to fpeno largelpat tbe firftcomming of the enemies to fcecpe them from 
 coniming neere,ano from banging earth to the Ditches fiDC s ajS t hep bio, Sno mo? eoticr pou are 
 to couiloer the great number of tbcm, anb their yolaer that bias fpjee rouno about the r obme,gi* 
 uing bs fo manp affaults and Pktrmittjes in (b manp places as ttjep did , and bp tbe fpace of fire 
 tuholc monetljsdapanb night aflailingbs, that much ojemance and tto?e bias uiartcD to bJttlj, 
 llano them in all points. 9no if it faileo, it bias no maruell, S;olu licit tbe noble lo jo great matter 
 j»?ottioed fpeeoilp fo? ic.anb fent B?igancines to Lan go,to tbe cattle of faint Peter, and to tbe ca* 
 flels of bis ille Fcraclous anb Ly udo ; fo? to bjingpotuoer anb faltpetec to ttrcngtb tbe totonc,buc 
 it ! "uff ifco not. 
 
 ano fo? to fpcake of the pttructance of bitailes, it teas aouifeb bp tbe Io?b great matter anb W 
 tb?ee lo? Da , th at it uias tune to feno f omc ttjips fo; mbcat to places tbet cabout,befo ic tbe ~C urns 
 bode mere come t hit her .3no fo? this purpofe bias appomtto a fbip nameb the <S a !li cnge,bjbofe 
 captaine higljt Brambois,otberbrife calUb I JLtolfe, of the Almaine nation, an crpert man of tbe 
 fea.the tohich mabe fo gooD oilige iice.ujat bit thin a monctfo be perfo?mcb bis boiage,ano b?ougljt 
 goobflo?eof mbeat fromNaples ana Romania,bJbicl)btD bsgrcat comfo?t. 
 
 How a Brigantine was fent to Candie for wine, and of diuers 
 
 {hips that came to helpe the townc. 
 
 Ajftertbis, a motion bias mabe to mabe pwuifion of minefo? tlje robmr, fu? tbe men of 
 Candie bttrft not fatlc fo? to b?ing mine to Rhodes as thep torre tooont to Doe fo? feare of 
 t\)t burkes bode : anb alfo tbcp of the tomne tooulo feno no ttjip into Candie, fearing to be ta» 
 ten and cnclofedmitb the fapb hottcbp the map . i^ombcitfomc merchants of the tobmc inert 
 milling (0 Ijaue abticnt ttrco tljemfclues in a good ujip of the religion, nameb tlje Mary ,fo? to hatte 
 laoen Ijcc tuitlj mine in Candie, imt tbcp coulo not ngreemtth tbe tb?ee Io?Des of tbe treafure, 
 aim their let bias but fo? a little thing : anb all tbe caufe cameof tljefapb traitottr de Mer all, fat* 
 ning tbe mealtlj of the treafure ; fo? be intenocb another thing, anb b?aite this goob anb pmfita-- 
 bieentcrp?ifeandmilloftljefapomerchants, feeing tljat it bias hurtfull to tbe 'iEurfee, mljofe 
 part tlje faiD trait our IjcId in his diuelittj heart : thatnetmttbttanding, tbe reuereiiD Ioio great 
 mailer, that in all things from tlje beginning to tlje ence, Ijatlj albiap fliemcd bis gooD brill , ?.no 
 totth all Diligence anb right that might bee i equiftte to a Gauecaigne captaine anb beab of Uiarrc, 
 founDotbererpebience, ano fent a 13?igantme into Candie, intbembicbhefent ab?otber let* 
 geant nameb Anihonie of Bolus, ameUfp?ightedmananomife, that bp jus UrifcDomem?ougljt 
 fo biell, that mitbin a fmall time be b?otiglj t fifteen e bedels calleb ©ripes, laden bitb mme, ano 
 toith tljem men of toarre tbe mbiclj came briber fijaooto) of tijofc mines, becaufe tlje gouernoura 
 of Candie DurttlctnoneoftbeirmengoetotbefuccourofRhodesfo? feare of tlje Curbe, Sinn 
 befioethofefiftecne ©ripes came a gooDftjipmljofecapitame anb otomerbias a ricljpong gen- 
 tleman Venetian, Meflire Iohn Antonio deBonaldi, tthicbofljisgoob mill came brilhbiSfijip 
 laoen toitb 700. buts of mine to fuccour tlje cotonebiitlj Ijis perfon anb folfces, bJljofc goob ano 
 latoable bull 31 leaue to the confiberation of tbe readers oftljisp?efentboohe , jfo?ljee being 
 putpofcD to hauc Ijao his mines to Conftantinople,o? hcttas enfo?meb of tljebufines of Rhodes, 
 anomasuttbeyo?teduCa(lell in Candie, moults not bcare bismtaiies to tbe enemies of tbe 
 fattb, but came out ano returned bis map tomarb Rhodes, facetting all particular p?ofite ano 
 abuantage. 5>e being arriuco at Rhodes, oifpatcbeb ano fololjis mine, toljich boas a great en< 
 crcafe anb comfojt fo? tbe tomne, Slno mljenlje hao fo oone,bep?efenteo bis perfon, his Qj ip, ano 
 bis folRe,to tbe reuerenb great matter, tbe mbicb retaineb btm,ano fct bim in mages of tbe 3&clf» 
 gion. 3nb During tbe liege, tbe fapb capitatne b c ban eb bim moo?tbilp in bis perfon,anb put bim* 
 felfe fit fucb places as moo?tbp men ougbt to be, (pending his gooos largelp mitbout bemanDing 
 anp patment 0? recompenfe fo? bis ooing.of t he Eeligion, 
 
 How the corne was fhorne downe halfe ripe and brought in- 
 to the towne for fcare of the Turkes hofte. 
 
 D5iringtbefe things, tlje reuereno lo?o great matter carefuR anb bufie to baueeuerp thing 
 necefTarp,as men ano other tttengths 3 fent befiels called b?igantines,fo? to caufe tlje maf* 
 
 1 G a tew 
 
 
 
game It in m 
 Pin anQ ££ap. 
 
 7 6 The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations, 77;>? lojfe of\Rhodes. 
 
 tecsoftljefeatocomemtoRhodesfojt^cftccvinsanDfo^tifpmsoftljetotuitt, thetobich at the 
 firtt fcnoing came ano p?cfentcD their perfons ano (bips to the feruice oft^e religion. 
 
 after ttjat t be fapo lo?o catiTet) to (here Doton c tfje Hie of bis ifle, ano caufeo it to ore b?ought 
 into the totone.tohicb teas Done in 3p?ill ; ano tljen in Spap in fome places, be maoe to there the 
 tohcatebalfetipe, ^oujljcit themoft part teas left in the fielos, becaufetbetlutkesljofle toas 
 ccme out of the ftreigbts of Conftantinople.anD Doubting that anp number of ujips fboulo come 
 befo?etotake the people of the fapoaflebnatoares , tbefapDu)?DmaDethemtoleaueujering of 
 toheatc.anD caufcD tlje people of the further! parrot the 3fle to come into the totone. 
 
 GUljilctljat tlje (treat matter p?ouioeDfo? all things after the courfe of time ano tioingsthat 
 hccbaD, there arriueo aCarakofGenoalaDentoit&fpicettefromAlexandria, tbetoljtcbpafleD 
 before the po?t of Rhodes the eight Dap of &pnu\anD tiD at anker at tlje St otte,7.o j S.mileg from 
 the totone,fo \ to knoto anD heare tioings of the 3Lutki(b hotte. Cljett tlje lo?o milling to furnitb 
 himtoitbpcople as mottbchoouefullfo? the totone, fentaknightofProuencenameD fir Ana- 
 ftaicdefan£taCamilla,commanDerdelaTronquiere to tlje captaine of the Carafe, pjapinghim 
 to come into tlje batten toitb his Chip fo? the Defence of tlje totonc,p?ofering him tohat he tooulD,af - 
 Turing him bis (hip. 3Ebe captainc ercufeo btm,faping,tbat the met chanoife teas not his ototte, 
 but bclongeo to Diucrs merchants to tobom he mutt pcelD account, Ijpotobeit at the latt after ma* 
 np tto?os ano p?omifes to him maoc, rjee came into tlje hauen , the tobicb captainc toss nameo 
 meflire Domingo de Fournati, anD bee inljis pcrfon bcljAueo Ijim baliauntlp in the time of tlje 
 
 ftpDltCgC, 
 
 How the great mafter caufed generall mufters to be made, and 
 
 lent a veflcll to the Turkes nauie,of whom he receiued a letter. 
 
 After tlje monctb of 9p?tl tlje 1o?d matter feeing that the Cutkcs Ijotle Djeto neere, anD tljat 
 Ijeljao the ntoft part oftljetoaftcrstoitbin the totone, IjecattfcD generall mutters of men of 
 armes to b e maoc. 9no began at the knights, the tobicb bpon holp KooD Dap in 90ap maoe their 
 muflersbcfojetljeCommiflioncrs o?DaineDbptbcf3pDlo?o in places oeputeD to eacljof tljem 
 calleoAulberge. tkljetoljtchCommiu"tonersmaDe report to the lo?oes that thep haoftmno tlje 
 knights in gooo ojner of harnetTe f other things neceiTatp fo? toarre,$ their araie fairc 9 proper, 
 toithcrotfeSontljera , SUhcntbe mutter of the fenights toas Done, tbelo?D maflec thought to 
 makethcmuftersoftbemoftbetototie, ami ftrangers together : but his totfeDome pmeiucB 
 that barmefljoulD come tberebp, rather then gooo, Doubting that the number ofpeople Ibotilo 
 not bee fo greatashetooulD, 0? neeoeDtohaue, tohereof tlje great Curke might haue knoto= 
 leoge bp goers ano commers into Rhodes , ano therefore he caufeD them of the totone to make 
 their mutters feucrall bp bannes anD companies, ano the ttrangers alfo bp themfelues,to the eno 
 that the number ihoulDnotbceknotoen, nottotthttanDing that tberetoas gooo mtantitie of pott 
 men aim tocll totlling to oefenD tbtmftlues ♦ 9no the mo?e to hearten ano giue them courage 
 anD gooo toill, fome fenigljts of the £rolTe,DeckeD tljeir men toitb rolotirs ano Deuifeg.anD toofee 
 toiththemmenoftbe totone anD Grangers , ano toitb great nopfe of trumpets ano timbrels, 
 tbepmaoemanp mutters, as enttping each other tobicb IboulDkeepcbeffarap anD o?oer, ano 
 haue tlje faiteft company , 3[t roafi a great pleafute to fee them all fotoell agree, anDfotneU 
 billing. 
 
 Cfje number of the men of the totone amounteo ano toerc etteemeD, tfyee 0? fottre thoufanD, 
 befioe men of the tillages jthat might be 1 500.0? 2000. 
 
 Cljf eight Dap of the fame moneth, tlje ^urfecs hearing of tljofettDtngs, maoe a fire fo? a to* 
 feen in a place calleD le Fifco, in the mainclano right againtt Rhodes . 9no certaine Dapcs afo?e 
 thep Ijao maoc another, tljat is to toeet,tohcn the ujipof a fenight nameD Mcneto w toent tljit(jet, 
 anDljantoithhim the clarfee of tlje gallics namcDlaquesttucljman,thetoljichbnDerfljaDoto to 
 fpeafee toithbtm. toas toithljeloen of tlje Curfees. jfo? tlje great 'Curfee baD commanoeo to take 
 Ijtmoj fome othermanofthe Rhodes to haue perfect fenotoleoge intoljatettatethe totone toa* 
 then in euerp thing ♦ 9nD thep of the totone tocening that the feconD fire toas fo? to oeltuer Ia- 
 qucs, thercucrcnD Io?d great mafter fentone of bis galltau"es,tohBfe patron toas calleD meflire 
 Boniface of Prouence, to fenoto the caufe thereof. 9no toljen bee arnueo attlje fapo placeof le 
 Fifco,bcDemaunDeD of the burkes toherefo je thep Ijao maoe the tofeenof fire. 9no thepfaiD that 
 it toas becaufe their lo?p baD fent a letter to the great matter, but as pet it toas not come, ann ocfi- 
 reD bim to tarp till it toere b?ougbt.'5Lbepatron as toarie 9 toife in the bufinefle of the fea.tbought 
 in bimfelfe tljat the burkes maoc fuch prolonging to fome euill intent , 0? to furp?tfe his bettell 
 being alone, toherefo?e bee baoc them giue htm the letter fpeeDilp.o? els he tooulD goe his toap, 
 anD neither tarp fo? letter no? other thing i ano tolo them of the eutll ano Difhonetf oeeo that tljrp 
 
 bad 
 
Ths loffe of Modes. TrafFiques, and Difcoueries. 77 
 
 l;:o iuii c tue Diipcs nfoic, to uncljljolo tljc cLirhc Utioer tljr tr Uiojiosano fafeconouct : ano tiitre- 
 totthheturnenbts galiiatte to haue gone atoap* ^theCurkes feeing that, gaueljmube Utter, 
 tbe tohich be cooke, ann tohen he toas arrtueo at Rhodes,he pjefenten it to the \o)b great matter, 
 tobicbaffembleothelojoesofhtscounfell, ano maDe it to be ten : ^hetenojtohercoftoasfuclj 
 asfolotoetb. 
 
 The copie of the letter that the great Turke icnt to the lord great 
 mafter 3 and to the people of the Rhodes. 
 
 SVltan Solyman Bafha bp the grace Of <$Qb,rigbt mtghtic emperoj of ConftantinopIe,anD of 
 btmfelfeljOlOtngbOthtljelanoSofPcrria, Arabia, Syria, Mecha, anD Ierufalem ; of Afia, Eu- 
 rope ; jEgypt,anD of all tljc g>ea Jo?D anD noffefioj : Co tbe reuereno father Iojto Pnilip.great ma-= 
 ff er of Rhodes, to bis counfailojs, ano to all the other citizens great ano fmail.greeting, &en< 
 Ding conuement ano toojthp falutations to pout reuerences, tote giuepou to tocet, t|>at toe haue 
 receiuen pour letters fent Ditto our imperiall maf eflie bp George pour feruantjtbe teno? tohere* 
 of toenoe toell bnoerfiann ; ano foj this occatton toe fenti bnto pott tljts our pjefent commattrwe* 
 htent.to the enotbat toe totll that pefenotofurelphotobp out fentencctoe toill haue that 3(le of 
 Rhodes for man? Damages ano cuill dccds toljtclj toe haue, ano Ijcarc from Dap to Dap of the fapo 
 place Done to bs ano out fubiccts, anD petoitb pour gooD toillttjall botD it of bs jooc bs obcifance* 
 ano giue the cttie to mine trnpertallmaiettie.3nD toe ftoeare bp (Sod that maoe Ijeatten ano cattle 
 aim op ifiooo.ofour prophets, ano bp the 4.Sp(fafi that fell from theCktes, annbpourfirttp?o< 
 pfeet Mahomet, that ifpe Doe bsbonw.annpeelo pou toiibgoon totll bpontbefeotljcs, all pou 
 that toill abiDeln tbefapDplace,greatanDfmalI, fljall not neeo to fearepertll no? Damage of mine 
 imperiall maiettte^ieithcrpou, pour gooos, noj pour men: ano tobofo toill goe to anp other place 
 totth his goons ann Ijouujolo, map fo Doe, ann I'lbofo toill otoell anD mhabtte in anp other pla* 
 ces tinner mine Jmpcrtallmatettie, maprcmainetoberetfaeplikcbett, toitljottt fcareofanp 
 petfon ♦ 9no if there bee anp oftlje principals ann tooojtbp men among pou that is fooifpo* 
 feD , tocettjall gtuehtmtoages anD pjouifion greater then bee hath han , Sno tfanpofpott toill 
 abioe in the fapo tile, pec m.ip fo Doe after pour attticicnt bfages ano ruQomes , ano much bet- 
 ter . SttD therefore if that pee totll accept thefe cur othesann tntreatmgs, feno bnto bs a man 
 totth pour letters to mine Jmperiall matettle , ovels knato pee tljat toee totll come bpon 
 poutoithal! p j outturns cftoarre,anD thereof flmll come as it plcafetlj<SoD i 3nD tljts toee Doe,to 
 the eno that pe map knoto.anD that pe map, not fap Jmt toe haue giuen pou toarning, 9nn if pe Doe 
 not thus totth pour gooo toill, toee fijallbault anD btiocrminepourfourtDattons in fuel; maner, 
 that tbcp fbalbe tome bpttoe ootone.ano (hall make pou tlattes, anD caufe pou to Die, bp the grace 
 of t£oo,as toe haue Done tmnp.anD hereof haue pe no Doubt* £83 jttten in our court at Conftami- 
 nople tljc firtt Dap of the moneth of June* 
 
 How the Turkes came to land in the hie of LcMgi, and were 
 driuen to their fhips againc by the Prior oiS.Giles. v ,"' 
 
 Wlpen the low great matter ano his coun&B ban hearn the teno ? oftlje letter, tfjcp toottltj 
 giue non c anftoere to tfa e great Cur kr, but that be ffjoulo be receiuen totth gooD G r ok cs 
 of artiIlerie,§>o that to a fooliftj Dcmauno behooueo none anftoere. 3 no it teas berp like that he 
 tooulo hattc nothing. JToj (ire napes after,that toas the 14. Dap oftlje fain moneth of June, the 
 !B?igantinestljattocnttotoaro Siotoknotoofwft fain armie, cameagatne anofapo, that of a 
 tructh the fain armie toas commtng,anD that nigh to Lango an 3lfleoftbc religton.an 1 00. mile 
 from Rhodes,thep han fcene aim tolD 3 o.failes that toere mottpart gallics ano futtes : the tobtcb 
 beflelsfet men on lanD m p itle of Lango.ChS the p?to? of ^.GileSjMelTire pre Idhn de Bidoux 
 corrmtanocr oftlje fapo plac e,t arico not long from ho if cb ache totth his knights ano people of the 
 tile, ano he met fo toell toith the Curkcs, that be nptte them to tljeir (hips, ano tleto a eertatne 
 number of tbcm : ann of tbe line of Pre Iohn fome toere ljttrt,anD bis ljo?fe toas flatne. EOben tfje 
 enemies toete enteren into their gallics, thep toent to aplace calleD tattle Iudco on tb« maiue 
 lanD,bettoeene tbe fapo itle of Lango ann ttje cattle of g>.Peter. 
 
 How part of the nauie and armie of the great Turke came be- 
 fore the citie of Rhodes. 
 Ttye 1 8,nap of the fato moneth of 3June s tbefe jo.gallies toent from tbe fapb place, ann patten 
 bpthe Cape of Crion, entering the gulfe of Epimes beftoe Rhodes, ano toere Difcoueren 
 from tlje Qjane of the bill of Salaco,a cattle tit the itle of Rhodes, ©n tbe mo?oto tbcp came out of 
 the gulfe bp plaine nap, ann failing along bp tlje coatts, tljep enteren into a hmien on maine lano 
 
 G 1 calUo 
 
" 
 
 
 ■•3'" 
 
 ■ i — — — — i in i 
 
 7 8 T he Englifti Voyages-JNlauigations, The lojfe of ^Rhodes. 
 
 calico Maifaca,tol)sretijepabooetb?Eeaapcsi. "iailjentyrptoCi'tftomtljcncejauDUturncDtotlje 
 gulfe ofEpimes,tt5l)CrctIj£p abooettooDapcgi anlittoo nigljw, 
 
 ^je 24 Dap of UjcfamemonethtbcpifuteDoutofEpimts, anD trauerftngtrjechanell, t(jcp 
 came to the pie ef Rhodes in a place before a cattle calkD Faucs, ana thep lner.t to laiia.ana burnt 
 a great tteto of coinc the lame Dap jtohtch «Bas the featt of S.lohn Baptift our patron. Sheguato 
 cfac?.S.enamcD Abfitoiiuljejrte of Rhodes DifcoucreD anD fpicDtljc great hotte, anoingreat 
 jjafte bjoHgvjt teo:ti to the lo?a matter,ar.a fapa tljat the fapa bofte,that teas in fo great number of 
 failcs tbatthep might not be numb jea, teas entrco into the gulfe of Epimes. 'Che 30 fades tljat 
 lap in the pie arofc is the nigljt.aua toent to the fapD hotte in the gulfe. 
 
 ■f&he 2 6 Dap of 31une tije f ap;D great hofle arofc ano tent cut of Epimes an hottre after the fun 
 riling, $ trauerfing the chattel!, thep came to a place calUD tije Fofle,eight miles from thetoume* 
 Swathe 50 firftfailes turnea backe totomto the tape of S. Martin atmothtrplacestotoatcljfoi 
 fhips of £hjittian men,if anp paffeD bp to Rhodes. Slje great IjotteaboDcfiill tillneone 03 one of 
 tije cloche, ano then arofe, not all, but about 800? 1 00 fhips.as gallies, galliaffes^anD fufls ; ana 
 paffeo one after another befoje-the roVone ano hauen of Rhodes thiec miles off", anDcame to (hoje 
 in a place nigh tolana,«:aUeo Perambohn, fire miles from the toiunc.an the toljicl; place the fapD 
 Ijofte abQDc ftomtljat umeto the cno oftljat unljappp luge. 
 
 The number and names of the veffels that came to 
 befiege Rhodes. 
 
 T5;c number oftfjc ffjips mere tljefc: 3 o gallraffes, 1 3 gaIlies,aftoeH half arcs as fttutffl ma« 
 bonnets, t 5 taffotirs, 20 fuffs, 64 great fhius,firc 0? fntcn galltons,^ 5 o galIcrcs,befioe the 
 jjaup that laaitea foj CIjjiGtan men,if anp camelo fuccottr tts. Cljele toere the toeiTcls that came 
 atiljefirtt to lapthe liege. Qua fith that the fapa hpfl camccutofPeramboIin , there came from 
 Syria 20 o the r failes,aftucll gatites as fulls. QtnD manp otljcr (hips came ftth,anD iopnro toitrj the 
 fapa armp in the time of ffje fapa fiege. ana it to,r<rpa t!jatthcreiuere4oo fsiles ano moc. 
 
 %ty fame Dap that part of tije hofl came to 1 tije fapa place,the reuerena Iojd great matter o?Det'« 
 rep a great b^tganttne to feno into the CSett, to tertifie our holp father the pope,ano the Chnfli* 
 anpjinceshoto the tJLurfearinptoJasafoie Rhodes, arioin thefapobeffcllhe fentttoo knights, 
 rjneajfrencljtnannanieD <!s>u:C!aude dahfoyuillecallCDVillicrs, atlDStiirLoysdeSidoniaa 
 g>pam>a - a : ano tljep toc.nt to the pope ano to the'emperour. 
 
 after the commiitgof tije dirks naup into tljefapD place, it tuas 1401 rj tapes o?tljepfct 
 anp oiDinance on laiiD, great 01 fmall,oj a'npquantttp of mencamconlrjoje,U;hereof memarttei* 
 let). SntittoastolDeVisbpfometbat came out oftljecampe, ano alfobptl;efpiestljattljelojn 
 great mafic r Ijao fent abjoao arapec as CurfejS, tljat tijep aboDe the eommanoement of their great 
 Joid , \)ittilltl}c hottc bplattD lucre come into tljecampe. Ipouibeit there came fome number foj 
 to toieto tiic toi»ne s |ut thep ment pn'utlp,fo? tije b>binanre ofthe totone ffjet luitbout ceafe* 
 
 Sit this toljile tt^pUics ana galliaffcs ruent ano came tolana^imjingbitatle ano people. 9t 
 ttjc toljic!; fi;ips parting nigh the coton, tocre fbot manp Brofec3 toitf) bombarDB,ttil)iclj mabe fome 
 flattahtcr of our cnemtcs: : ana uiljen the moft par t of tljem Dias pafl, tbf p began to fet oioinance 
 cutrjelanQiustbgreatctligcnce.^IjentbeloaD great matter DcparteD from his palacr,anDloDgen 
 \iim mgl) a cluircl; caUca 'She btcto^p, becaufc ^it place teas moft to be Boubteo : ano alfo t^at at 
 t:jc otl;er ficge tije great bulmeffeano affault toas there. 
 
 How the lord great mafter made his petition before the image 
 
 of S. lokn 3 and offered him thekeyes of the towne* 
 
 T$e Bap before te?re maae manp pieoications ano fermons, ana tfeelafl toas in tije crjurcrj of 
 SJohn Baptift. OTjenthefermontoas Done, apontificallf^affetoas celebrate toitlj all 
 fo!emnities,anD all the reliques taken Dotone, ano the lo?a greatmatter ano all his knights toitlj 
 great aettotions ano rcucrcncehcarDit* anainljcntrje gpaffetoasenaeD, the I02D great matter 
 maae a pitious oration 0? p?aper befoje *§>aint lohn Baptift his pjotectonr : ana afcotte all other 
 luojss, tohich toerc too longto tell, IjCbefougbthim mecWp tljatictooulo plcafehimtotakethe 
 feepes of that mtferable citp. 'SDlje luljich feepes Ije piefenteD anD lapea Upon tije altar befoje tije U 
 mage, bcfeetlmig <§>♦ John to take tije keeping ano piotottion tljercof, anD of all the religion, as" 
 bp his pace he haa gitten to him bntooithp.tbe gouerning bnto that aap: anD bp Ijis faolp grace to 
 Dcfcno tljem front tljegreatpotter of tije enemies tljat haa beficgeD tljem. 
 
 How 
 
Thi loffe of\Rjoodes. Traffiques., and Difcoueries^ 
 
 19 
 
 How the women flaues would haue fet fire in the towne. 
 
 TO;? eight Dap ef Tttlp it toas knotoen that the 'Ctttkifl) toonirn being flaues ana feruaunt* 
 in manplpufesof tlje tptone,ljaa ayyointcD to fet fire in their mailers Ijoufcs at tbe firlt at 
 fault that 0)0 ula be made, to tbe ena tljat (be men fijoulo ieaue their poficrns (jBcfcnfes to go ano 
 fatie tyeic Ijoufcs ana gooas. 9na it toas fauna that a tooman of Maichopota beinga flaue,toas: 
 foil moouei- tljcrecf.tbc U)!)icij toajs tahcnanti put to crecutwn, 
 
 %\je fame cap fome of our men tocnt out foj to f kirmifij totth the burkes, ano manp of tljem 
 toere Hainc toitij fijot of our nniHeric.anu of our men but one. 
 
 How the Turkcslayd their artillerie about the towne, and of 
 the maner and quantitie of their pieces and gunfhor. 
 
 TiJ)e 1 S.asp of 3!u'p,foj tbe beginning ana firft Dap thep fet bp a mantellct, bnocr the tohict) 
 tbcp put tlj?ce D} foure tncanc pieces , as fanes, toljerctottlj tljep ftot agfitnfltlje po-- 
 Oerns of Engl and ano Prouonce.^uttSjemantcHet teas foonebjoken ana call Doli)iie,nnDtljfit: 
 pieces aefrrc&pea torch tlje fijot of thctoall, ano tbcp tfjat (hot them toere mott part Hainc, 3s this 
 ficitmantetIettoasb;tokcn, bp tlje great ano innumerable people trjat tljep IjaP thep fee atltljetc 
 ojatnancc on lanujano carica it to tbe places mljerc it fijoulo be bent.o? nigh tberebp. 
 
 &OT the ip.oap of tbefame monctb. tljep fet top ttoo other manteUcts, ©nc befiae a ctjurclj of 
 fame Colrne'ana Damian,ana auotljcr totoaro tije SIteft, Sub from tfjefe mantcllets tljep ftjot 
 great pieces, as Cutucrings, tsottblegunnes, ana great bombaras agapntl tlje toals of England 
 ana Spaine, to tbe tohicb mantcllets tlje ojoinanceoftljetotonegaucmaiip great flrokes, antt 
 often bjake tljem. &no tbe mo?e to grictte tlje totene anb to fcarcbg,tbep fet bp manp otljer man-: 
 tcllets in Bitters placcs,aimoft rounB about tlje totonc, ano tbcp mere rcckonco foure fco je : tlje 
 tobtclj number toas toell IclTeneo bp tbe great quantitie of tirokes of artillerie fijot out of the 
 tototte from manp places. 
 
 The artillerie of the Turkes was fuch as followeth. 
 
 FJrfi there toere fire great gunnes, cannons pcrrtcrs of b?aJTe, tljat tyot a Cone of thjee footc 
 ana aljalfe: alfotljere lucre 1 5 .pieces cf iron that fbotfloncs offiueojftrcfpaimesabout.Sl* 
 fo tlje re toere 1 4,great bombaras tljat tbot (tones of eletten fpansabout.Sllfo there toere ttoclue 
 fcafiltfkcs, toljcreof tljep (hot but totth 8, that is to tocct, foure fijot agapnfl tije poOernsof Eng- 
 land ano Spaine, ana ttoo againft the gate of Italy : tbe other ttoo fljot fumetiiiie acratnCt ^>aine 
 Nicholas tower. 3ifo tljere toere 1 5. Bottblegumtescaatng bullets as nafilifltes^ ^rjemcanc 
 ftot, as facres ana pafuelans, mere in great number , '©beljanogutifijot toas innumerable ami 
 fnereoible. 9lfo tljere lucre ttoelue potptntcs of bjalfe tljat fijot bptoara,tohcrcof eight toere fee 
 I)cbinathecijurcljofS),CoirneanoDamian 3 anattoo at faint Iohnde la Fontaine totoarb tlje 
 po jc of Italy, anDtbcotl}crtu)oafa?et[jcgateofAuuer"ne,tbetobtcbtocrcujctnigbt ana bap: 
 ana there toere thjee fojits of tbcm.tobf reef the greateCtocre of fire o^fetten fpsnncs about,9na 
 the fapa ffoiies toere caff into tlje totottc to make mttracr of people, tohiclj is a thing bcrp itilju* 
 mate ana fearefull,to&ch matter of (booting is little bfeo amongtt cbjifttan men, dpotobeit bp p 
 uiacnt mp?acle,thanfeeabe ©cD^tljefapD pieces aia no great barmc,ana flcto notpaft 24, o) 2^ 
 pcrfons,an3 tlje moll pact toomen ana cljila jen, ana tljep began to (boot toitlj tlje fato ptcccsfrom 
 tbei9.oapoftljcfamcmonctlj,bntothcenaofatigutt, 9 ittoas accottnteB tyatthep fijot 2000, 
 times,mojeo?leffe, 
 
 g,%VL tlje enemies toere toarneB bptlje 3ietoe tljat tojote letters to tljcm oFalltljat teas Bone 
 ana fapo in tbe Eotone,that tbe fapo potguimesDia no barme : toljerefo^e tljep toereangrp,ftn tbcp 
 tljottgljt tljat tbep baa flaine the tljtra part of ourpeople : mn tljep toere cotmfellco bp Ijim to 
 Ieaue tljat (Ijoottngjfo? it toas but time loll, anopouacrtoallcD, ana tljen tljep fljotnomoje toith 
 tbcm, 3l£tsofatructljtbat tbcp fijot toitbtljcfiipapo:gunitesi2, 0? 1 j, times toitlj bullets of 
 tyaffe 0} copper 5 full of toils fire, ano toben tljep toere in tbe apje, tbep flameB foojtlj, ana in fal« 
 Itngontbegrotma, tbtpbjakc, ana the fire came out ano aia fome Ijarme . ISutattljelaHtoee 
 fcneto tb2 malice thereof, ana tfrjc people toas toarie from comming neere to tljem, ana tlje refoje 
 tbep Bio ljurt no mo^efolke. 
 
 How the captaine Gabriel Martiningo came to the fuccor of ^odes, 
 and all the flaues were in danger to be flaine. 
 
 Tl)z 24,aap of the fame manetlj abjigantine atriueo tljat toas fent afoje into Cancie.tofjerc^ 
 ta came a teo^ttjp captaine names Gabriel Martiningo toitlj ttoo other captains* 3nB tljere 
 
 toent 
 
 - 
 
80 The Englifti VoyagesJMauigations, The lojje of Rhodes* 
 
 toent to tecetueljtm mcisieur prou lohn p?to? of <§>. Giles , anD tlje p?ioj cf Nauarre. 'JLljcn af= 
 
 ter bis honourable rtceiuingas to him toell appertaineo, rijep bjougljt Ijim lefoje tlje Io?d great 
 matter , that lottinglp receiueD Ijtni, ann tjeiuaB glaDlp feene ano toelcommcD of the prople.as a 
 titan tljat tnas nameo nerp toife ano ingenious in feats of toarre.- 'SLIjen came a fepamarD renc= 
 gaoo from tlje bolt , tljat gaue W toarniug of all that mas Done in the flelD, ano of the appjocbing 
 bp tlje trenches tljat our enemies maoe, 
 
 anomlihetoifetkerearofe agreatnoifeintbetbtonc,tljat tljellaucs^urks thatto?ougbtfo? 
 lis in tlje Dicljes Ijao flaine their feeepers, ano toouto baue fltu, toljicb teas not fo, ffit uertljelcfle, 
 ibe rumour toas great, ano tljep rang alarm'e : toljercfo?e tlje fapo fiaucs tomming to pjiibn, as 
 it mas ojDeineo in al tlje alarmcs,toeremct of tlje people, tobicb in great anger put tljcm to Death: 
 To tljat there toere flam an bunDjeo $ moc tlje fameUap, ann if tlje Io?D gt eat matter bao not corn* 
 manDCD tljat none ftjotilDljurc tljem, t^ep baD bene all flaine,anD tljere toere fiftcene bunojetb of 
 tljcm ; tobicb liaues did great ferttice in time of tlje fiege : fo? tljep labourer naplp to make ourDe-- 
 f cnces,ano to catt cart lj out of tlje Ditcijes,anD in all toojke the p toere neceffarp at cur necos* 
 
 How the great Turke arriued in perfon before Rhodes. 
 
 T!j?c 2 5 Dap of the fapomonetlj m anp of our men tocut outfo? to flurmiuj in tbe fieio ant) mane 
 great murotr of 'Eurks , ano in liketoife did our artfllerp. 9no it is to be noteo tljat the 28 
 Dap of tbe fame monctlj t!jc great Curfee in perfon paflcD le Fifco a batten in the maine lano toitb 
 agallepanDafuff, ana avriueij about noone, toberebtsarmplap, tbe tobicb Dapwdpbecallei 
 toiljappie fo; Rhodes, jfo } Ijis cemming, Ijis piefmcc ant) continuall abiding in tlje ftclocis ano 
 batlj becne caufe of tbe uictojie tljat Ijc bath ijan, MJljen tbe gallie that Ije came in toas arriucD, 
 all tlje otljcr fljtppcs of tlje fcottc Ijangco banners aloft in tljeir toppes ano on tljeir faple perces. 
 gboone after tljat tlje Tuike toas arriueB,he toent to lano, ami mounted on Ijis Ijojfc, ano roue 
 to bis pauilion toljicb toas in a high place calleoMegalandra, foure o?fiue miles fro tlje totone 
 outoftljcoangerof tbegunnefbot. 9nDontbemo?on),asittoasrcpoKeD tobs, bee came to a 
 Cljurclj niglj tlje totone calico S>aint S ceuen , f 0? to bietoe tlje totone ano fojtrcffes , tobcrca*. 
 tljep Ijao fet Dp mantcllets fo? to lap their o?Dinance. 
 
 TlpclattDapof 3uIp,oneofourb?iganBines toent out toith a goobcompanpofmenarapctt 
 as burkes ,anD feme of themcotito fpeake 3uurkifij, ano toent bpnigljt to lance though 
 tlje ©urfces botte, ano DemaunoeD if tbere toere anp tljat tooulo patfe ouerinto Tutkie , tljat tljep 
 fijoulD Ijaff etljcm to come* &lje burkes toeening tljat tljep baD becne of Turkic, tljere t ntrco a 
 1 2 t peiTons,tbctoljicljtocre carrieDtoRhodes,bptoljomtoekneto toljat tljep did in tbecanipe, 
 
 ^beflrtt Dap of9ugufl the Captaine Gabriel Mamningo toas maoeknigbt of tlje ojDerof 
 tlje religion bp tlje Io?u great Scatter, ano toas maoe tlje firft aunctent of tbe 3ltalt> n nation , of 
 tlje ftrtt baliage 0? pitoitc tljat ujoulD be viacant , 3no in tlje meanc feafon tlje religion ouId gitie 
 Ijim ttocIucljtinDjcDDticatcs foi penfion eucrppeere, ano tbe fame Dap \>t toas receiueD to tlje 
 Cottncell in tlje roome of a bapltfe. 
 
 ^bc fife Dap of tlje fapo monctlj our matter gunner toas flaine toitb a gunne , toljiclj toas great 
 Ioflefo? us at tljat time. 
 
 Cbei j. Dap oftbefapomonetb toas knotoenanD taken fo? a traito?, MeflirelohnBaptifta, 
 tljepbpflcionafo?efapD,tobicb conftffcD Ijis euill ano Diueliuj Doings,anDljaD bis Ijcao flriken of* 
 
 Of the marueilous mounts that the Turks made afore the towne,, 
 and how the capitaincs were ordered in the trenches. 
 
 After tlje comming of tlje great Hurke^be enemies began to fljoote toitb ojDi'nanre of ano< 
 tljcr fbjttken tbepDio befo?e, ano fpeciallp toftlj barquebuttjes ano banDguns, ano alfo to 
 make tljeir trenches ano appjocljes.Slno alfo tbep did mo?e Diligence then afo?e, to bn'ng ^ earth 
 nigh tbe totone toith fpaoes ano pickares.^nD it is to toeet.tbat tbep moouco tlje eartlj from Ijalfe 
 a mile off, ano there toere fljot out of tljetotone innumerable Crokes toitb o?Dinance againtt tlje 
 fapo eartb,anD innumerable quantitie of people IjiD bebinD the fapD eartb,toereflatne.il5euertlje* 
 lelTe tbep neuer left too?king till tbep ;ljaD brought it to tbe bnmmes of tbe Ditches % anDtohen it 
 toas there,tbep raifeD it higher anD higher in ttrcng t Ijning it bebinD . 9 no in concl ufion tlje fapo 
 eartlj toas higher then tljetoalsoftbe totone bp 1 0,0? 1 2,foote, ano it feemeo aljill. 9nD it toast 
 agapnll tlje gate of Auuergne anD Spaine, ano beat our men that toere at the gates 9 bultoarks, 
 in fitch toife, tljat none Durtt be feene till certaine Defences ano repaires toere maoe of plankes 
 anD boarDs to couer our people anD keep e them from the fljot, 9 no at the gate of Italy toas maoe 
 fitch another ljeape,anDin none other part. 
 JXtljcn the t rcncljes toere thus maoe to tlje Ditches , the cnt mies mace holes in the toals of the 
 
 citcb 
 
7 he lofje of Rhodes. Traf fiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 8r 
 
 oiteb outtoato : toljerctljoptotbepftjot intmitelp toitlj Ijanogumics at our men aftocllon tlje 
 toallcs as on tlje buItoarks,ano fieto manp of them, 'Cljen tlje bafujas ana captaines entree into 
 rijctrencljes, cctj to Ijist place after rljrtr o?Det ano otgnttp : tl;at 10 to luit , Muftafa BalfhaaS 
 cljtefe captatne entreo tbe trenclj Direct to tlje bultoarke of England toitlj (jib people $ captaines 
 Onoer Ijim. Pery Balfha toent to tlje trencljes againtt tbe gate of Italy toitb bis folkes ano rap= 
 taincs oncer hint, Acmek Bafiha toas in tfce trenches of Auuergne ano Spaine toitb tbe Aga of 
 
 tlje Ianizaires ano tlje Bcglarby of Romany toitlj bim, 'Oje Beglarby of Natolia toas in tbe tren» 
 
 tljesof Prouence, Allibey toastoitb bis companp againtt tljcgarotns of faint Anthonyontbe 
 jftojtb ftoe , ano oiuers otbec captaines toitb bun , ano fet bis o?oinance againtt ttje toali of tlje 
 gateof Almaine , toljtcbtoas buttoeake, ano fee bpftuenmantelletsbp tbe millestotoaro tlje 
 ffiUcft : ano lip the (pace of eight 0? nine capes tijep beat bpon tlje fame toall; tobiclj put tos m 
 great feate,if tljcp Ijao rontinueo. fipotobeit tbe noblelojo great matter fojthtottb caufeo reyaires 
 to be mane toitljin, ano planks' $ tables to be fet to fo jtifie tbe fapo toeakc toall : ano abooe tljere 
 from tlje morning til mgbt,to caufeit to be tbemoje batteo.'Cbe artillerp of tlje gate of Almaine, 
 ano tlje S^atltf of tbe gate of tlje campe ano of tlje palais beat fo io}t ano fo often bpon tfce fapo 
 mantellets tfjnt it toearieo tlje enemies to make ano repatre t Ijcm fo often : ano tijep tooke up tbe 
 pteces,ano bare tbcm atoap. P.no alfo tbep coulo not toellbeat tbe fapo toall becaufe cbebnmmes 
 of tlje Ditch toicljout toere almottas Ijie as tlje toall tljat tbep beat. But 07, tbep bare tbe artillerp 
 aloap.tbcp beat tlje fleeple of s§>4 lohns cburcb fo, tljat tljemoll part luas b?okenano catt ooiune. 
 •EIjefo?cfapo mantellets toere appointee to beat §>,Nicholastotoer, ano bp tlje fpare often 0? 
 ttoeltteoapestljepujotfojeagainftit : but tljepbaofofijarpe ano Oigo?o us anf toere, tbattbere 
 toas not one mantclietthat abooe tobole an Ijoure. ^Ijccaptaineoftljc fapo totoer ano Ijisfotkc 
 oio fucb Diligence ano bufinctte in Ibooting off tijeir pfeces^tljaE the enemies curttfet bp no moje 
 mantclletebp cap, no? (boot no moje but onelp bp nigljt, toljtlc t|je 9g)oone oio Qn'ne, tobiclj is a 
 tljtnguiojtbpofinemojpjOfmaruatfe.anpofpjaife, 9c tljelaCi.tu^en t^cpjjaolieacen againftttje 
 fapo cotocr a certainc ttn^ej/ee'tng tljat it furt(jereo nctljing.tljep tooke tljeir finance fro tbence, 
 ano bare it toljcrc tbep tljougljtbett, ... 
 
 Outing tlje (bo t in tlje fapo place, tlje tber captaines' toere not tole no; in a Recpe, lint toitfc 
 out, ceafc night ano Dap tbep beat tlje toallof England ano Spaine,ano fet foureteene mantellets 
 againtt it, (booting great bombaros, toljereof fbmeof tbe Hones mere Sue a; Ore (panne? about, 
 ano fbme otljer of nine o} tctnano toitljin amonctlj ano leCetljep cafl Dotonethe to all almott turn 
 fmootij toitb tbe Barbican. SI no toljen tlje fapo toall teas fo bcaten.tljcpfet to beat tlje bultoarke 
 of Spaine foj to raifetljr Defences' : anointbeirtrencbestbepfetthjeegrcatbombaros, toljicl; 
 fijo t Qbnee of eleuen fpannes w compaffe , ano toitb tbe Capo pieces tbep beat tbe fapo bultoarke 
 ano toall in fuclj totfe, tljat tbep maoe great bracks, ano the floncs ano eartlj tbat fell, Cerueo tbe 
 enemies fo^laooers, fo tbat tbep migljt come Upon tbe plainegrouno, 3ln like fojt tbep caifeo 
 tljeoefences from tbebetgbt of tbe bultoarke at tbepofterne of Prouencc , ano fet tb?tegreat 
 pieces on tbe brimme of tlje oitclj.toljtcb ujot Hones of eleuen fpannes againlf tlje toa!l,ano toitlj' 
 in a toljile tljep maoe a bjeacb as at tbepouerne of Spaine. %\)c artillerp of tbe totone DiD ujoot 
 tottljout ccafe againtt tbe mantellets, ano b?akemanp of tljtm, but tljcpmaoe otljcc as it is fapo 
 in tlje ntgljts, jfoj tbep bao alltljings tljat belongeo to tljera, 9 neeoco, 3no out of tlje poflerne 
 of England toas fljot a gunne tbat b?ake 00 tone one of tbe fapo mantellets , ano bit bpon one of 
 tbe p icces, ano fleui foure 0? fiue mcn.ano bare atoap bot Ij tbe legs of tbe mailer of tbe o?d ittancc „ 
 tobiclj Dtcti foonc after : tobeteof tlje great 3Lurke toas betp ill content , ano fapo tbat Ije fjao tip 
 t Ij e t ij an c lo a one of bis bafujas 0; captaines tijen tbe fapo mailer, aifb it is to knotoen tljat t bete 
 toe r e t {■>} ce 0} foure manteilets aoo;e(TeD againtt tlje plain grouno of It aly,ano bp con ttnua II bra^ 
 ting of flj ot tljat tbep maoe,tIjerc toas aid a b^cacb, ano bp t(je earth ano Cones tljat toere fallen, 
 tbepnugbtcomeDptott, 
 
 Of the politike repaires and defences that theingenious captainc 
 
 Gabriel tMArfiningo made Within the townc againft the breaches in the 
 
 wallc's, 
 
 ipecaptaincGabriel Martiningo,p?ompt,Diltgent,ano expert to gtue remeoies to tbeneeo* 
 full places, foojtljtoiclj caufeo to make tlje trauerfes upon tlje toall tobereas tbe b jeaclj toas, 
 toitlj gooo repaires, ano gunnes fmall ano great toljiclj toere fet in tbe fapo trauerfes, tlje toljich 
 Djot not onelp at tbe bjeacljes but to tbe trenches , ano maoe great muroer of enemies aftoell at 
 tbeaffaultst^atttjep maoe as othertoljiles ; 3no beBoe tbe trauerfes, tlje fapo raptatne planted 
 fmall artilletp, asbatqiuebuujes, anBbanDpjunnes»poncertamehoufestott|)intbetotone, tbat 
 
 ttooo 
 
 T 
 
 - 
 
82 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The lojfe of Rhodes. 
 
 % tbontanb $ 
 tnoic 3tnr!»8 
 flame brfow 
 ttic englift) 
 tmltoarttt. 
 
 ttooDopenagaintttbe b?eacb, toitlj goon repaires : ano from that placegreat flaugljtet of ^utks 
 toas mane at the affaults* 9 llo it is of ttuetb that bcfior the fapD mantelle ts tljat fijoc againtt tlje 
 toall of England anD Spainc toitlj great bombarbs , tuerc ttoo mantellets in an hie place totoaro 
 tlje tea? to thegarbinof Maupas.in the toljiclj lucre ccrtainc Double gumtcs, as bafiliffes toitb Ijo-- 
 lotottonesanb toilbe fitein tljem, tobich fbot againu^lje toall mto the totone at all auenturesfo? 
 to make murDer of people : botobcit, tljankeb be ©ob, tbep Din no great harme but to the boufes, 
 3ftcr thefe great $ terrible beatings, ano that the enemies bao toap to mount bpon the torone 
 toalles, anocometoljanD toitlj lis bp traucrftng of their trenches to the fallen earth tottljin the 
 hjeacljmojeutrelp, anDtoitbouthurtofour gtmfljot , fljooting tljojo to holes that tbep maoem 
 tlje lualles of tlje Ditch toitbout , tfjep call bp muclj Cone ano cartlj , becaufc it fljoulD cotter thtm 
 from tlje fljot of tbe bultoarke of Auucrgne. 9m> alfo tbep fijot fetuentlp againtt tbe bultoarke of 
 S pain e,fo? to raife the oefenccs,of the tobich at tlje latt tljcp raifeo tlje mod part .refcruing onlp a 
 fclu gunners beloto in tlje mitie of tlje fa vd b tiltoarke,tobich Iitlc 02 nothing Damaged them. 9 no 
 trjts is touching the gunujot, tohereof 31 Cap not the tbirb part , becaufe it is a thing tncrecible to 
 tbem that batie not feencit,. jfojfome bapes tljepfljot toitb thole great bombarbs tljat toere on 
 t^e b?imme of tlje Ditcb.auD from tbe mantellets bent againft tlje toall of England ano Spaine 20 
 0? 3 times: ano mo u, 9no 31 beleeue betilp that fine e tlje creation of tbe too?Io fuclj artillcrp, 
 anD Co great quantitp toas neuer bent ano lapeD before anp totone as bath bene againtt Rhodes 
 at this Gege. Gllherfoic it is no maruell tf the toalles be anD hatte bene beaten botone,anb if cljcie 
 be breaches ano cttfts in manp places* 
 
 Of the mines that the Turks made : and how they ouer- 
 threw part of the bulwarke o{ England. 
 
 A Bo becaufe,as it is Capo befo?e,tbnt tlje greatett Ijope that tbe enemies haD to get the totone 
 of Rhodes,toasbp mining, therefore noto after that 3! bauefpoken oftbegttnujotanDbca* 
 tings, 31 ftjall ujeto of tbe mine? tljat the % utks maoe, the tobich toere m fo great quantitp,anD in 
 fo manpplaces,tbat 31 beleeue the tljiro part of tbetotonetoas mineb s ano it is founo bp account 
 mabe,tbattljere toere about 60 mints, botobeit.tljankcb be <8oD,manp of tbem came not to effect, 
 bp occatton of the countermines that tbeptoithin maoe, ane alfo trenches that the ngljtpjuoent 
 Ioj,d the great mailer caufcb to be mabc Deepe toithin tlje Ditcbes,bnto ttoo j tb jee foot of toater. 
 Che tohiclj trenches anD certainepits tljat Ije IjaD cattfeD in tlje fapD Ditches to be tojougbt, 0? the 
 boft arriueD, Cerueb tigbt'toell ftnce:foj mgljtanp Dap there toere men in them to toatcb ana hear* 
 ken toben tlje enemies mineD,foj to meet tljem,anD cut theit toap,as toas Done manp times. 
 
 3nD fo? to fpeake of the mines tbat hao effect, anD Damageo bs, it is to toit, tljat the fourth bap 
 of September, about fourefjoures after noonc, the enemies put fire in ttoo mines, onetoasbe* 
 troeene ttjepodetne of Spaine anD Auuergne.tohich bin no hurt but to the ISarbican. 'Eh? otljec 
 teas at tlje buttuarlte of England,tohich teas fo fell ano ifrong,that it caufeo moft part of tbe toton 
 to ujake, anb caflboton a greatpart of tlje fapo bultoarke at tlje fp?ing of the bap : ano bp tlje earth] 
 anD Hones that fell into tljeDitcbes,tlje enemies came bpon tljebultoatke toitlj their banners, ano 
 fought fo?c an» mightilp toith our men, not toitlj hanos, but toith fijot of hanugunnes, 1Jljc lo?B 
 great matter tbattoass come 1 y Dapes 0? mojemithhisfuccoursto tbe fapo bultoarke.toenttoit^ 
 fjis companp to helcje them that toughtt 9fter thatthep tab fought thefpace oftmo oj tlj^ee 
 tjoures, the enemies repelleb arib D?iuen backebp our menfrom the fapbbultoarke , ano beaten 
 toith ojDinance on euetp fibe.toithbjeto them toich thetr lotte, ftjame, ano Damage, ano tljis toatf 
 the firttbitto?? that our lo?D gaue bs, anb tljere abooe of our enemies a thoufann ano mo?e. 
 
 Wfozti this affault toas Done.tljep maoe another at the breach in the toall of Spairie,anD moun* 
 teubyonit , but theojDinance of thetrauerfes of t^e toalles anb of the hotrfes mabe fo faire a rib< 
 uance , that thep toere berp toflling to toithojato themfelues ? fo j at theretreat , ano alfrat tljeic 
 comming the fapo finance of the bultoarke Did them great bamage , albeit that tbep Ijab maoe 
 fomeKpairetiftarti 2Df etttmehbieb tljatoap »50?tbereabout,aftoeHkntghtsa8otherv 9no 
 tlje fame bap in the moaning Depart ep out of this ttojlb Gabriel dc Ponwrol ks lieutenant to tlje 
 to jd matter .tohiclj on a certaine Dap before fell from the toall as ije toent to fee tlje trenches in tlje 
 Dttches,anb hurt his b?eatt,anp fo? fault of gooo attenoance he fell into a fetter, tobereof he pie»« 
 
 How the Turks affailed rfie bulwarke of England, 
 and how they weredriuen away. 
 
 Ti^e nintb Dap of tbe fapb ntdhety t reuen in the morning the enemies put fire m ttoo mines ; 
 oneatt&epotterneofProuence, toljit|j|jaT3 none effect : the other toas at the bultoarke of 
 - ■ England, 
 
 
*/ he lojfe of%bodes. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. &;$ 
 
 England, luijtcIitctleD dUi/tticc ptcccnio;^ co tlj.ic cl;<u ui.io Cdti colxrnt ato.ir* ant) tlje fapo mine 
 
 teas as fierce as tlje otbcr, o? mo?e, fo j it fccmeo tbat all tbe bttltoarhc tocnt Dotone, ano almott 
 
 all tbep tbat lucre in it ratme atoap, 9no tobcn tljc flanoero oftfje religion came into tlje fapo iml- 
 
 toarke, tbe enemies toere at tbebjcacbreaop to Ijaueentreo : but toljcntljcp fdiu tfjc Gipo ftan= 
 
 aero, as people loft ano oucrcome, t|»cp toent Dotone agatne. ^tn tljc artillcrp oftlje bultoarkc 
 
 of Quofquino, ano ofotber places, founo tljem toell cnougb, ano fleto manp of tljcm, 8potobeit, 
 
 tbeir captaines maoe them to retttrne toitljgreat Stokes of ftoojDes ano otljer toeapons , aim to 
 
 remount upon tbe cartlj fallen frpmtlje fapo bultoarkc, anopigljtfeuen banners ntgb to our re* 
 
 paire. Cljenourmcnfougbttottlj mojtfptkes ano fireofpearesagainfitbem tbefpaceoftb?ee 
 
 toljole Uoures,tilI at tlje latt tbep being toell beaten toitb great o finance ano fmall on euerp floe, 
 
 tottljDjetotbcmfcluest Slno of tbeirbanners our men gate one, foj ittoasnotpoffib'eto ojetanp 
 
 mo i c : fo } a(T one as anp of our men tocnt bp on our rep aires , be boas flainc toitb fmall gunnes 
 
 oftbetrencbes,anobolesmabeintbetoallesofourbucbes, Slno tljeretoasfiatnecfourciK* 
 
 niics tbat Dap at tbe atTault 2000 of meane men,ano tljjee perfousof eflateM-tcljIap Dcao along twottteu^nn 
 
 mtbebitcb, toitb faire ano riebbantcfle, anDittoasrepojteDtobsfrmntbecampe, tbep toere J"[,r em i"jj 
 
 tb?eefaiuacbcis, tljatistofap, great fenefljallesojQuarDs, !3noefCb*itfianmenofourpaua= taiUwiri* 
 
 boce about tbirtpperfons* aitDtbiSbJasthcfcconouictojpgtucittobsbptbcgraccbutmc, 
 
 How Sir lohn fiourgh Turcoplier of England was flaine at 
 an aflault of the E nglifh b ulwarke* 
 
 Tl*?e 1 7 sap of tbe fame monetlj>about mtoDap.tbe cneinp came againe to gtue anotljcr nffault 
 to tlje fapo uultoarke, at tlje fame place afo?cfapo, toitljout fetttng of fire in mines, ano 
 b jottgljt fiue banners toitb tljem , nigb to tlje repaires, 'SEljen baas tfom ttrong figbting on botlj 
 parts,anbtbcreuiere gotten tvuo of tbeir banners, of tlje toljicb fir ChriflopherValdenare, tbat 
 time CaCelainc of Rhodes, gate one : tlje otfcer boas in tbe bancs of fir lohn Bourgh Surcopliec 
 of England, cljiefe captainc of tljc fuccours of tbe fapo pofieine of En gland , a baliant man 9 bar* 
 op : ano in bolotng of it be boas flaine to it l; tbe flroke of a banogunne , toljiclj boas great Damage* 
 Che fapo banner boas recouereD bp one of our men* 9no after long figbting on botb Gees, tlje e* 
 nemtes feeing tljattbep gotnotbiug butflripes, retutncDinto tljetrtrencbes. 3t tlje fapo frap 
 tbe Io?D pjiojof S t Giles pre lohn boas Ijurt tbojoto tlje nccke tottlj a banDpn,ano baas in greae 
 Danger of Deatlj, but be efcapeo ano toas maoe toljole* dje fame bap, anDibefamcbcureoftbg 
 fapa altault, tbe enemies mount cd to tlje bieacij in tbe to all of §>painc, ano came to tlje repair es 
 totljebanD'esofourmen, anofougbtagreattobtle : but tbe great quantitp of artillcrp tbat toas 
 fijot fo bufilp ano fo fbarplp from our trauerfes on ecb fioe, ano out of tbe bultoarfes of Auuergne 
 ano Spaine , fkirmithcD tljem fo toell , tljat tljere aboDe as manp at tbat aflault as at tbe otljer of 
 England, toellneere to tljenumber 01*5000, 9nDtljeptoitl)D?eto tbemfducs toitb tben: great 
 lofle ano confufion , toljicb toas tbe tljiro time tljat t Ijcp toere cljafeD ano oucrcome : tljankcD be 
 our t ojd , tobicb gaue bs tlje fojee anopotoer fo toooe, fo? tbep toere bp emulation a IjunDjcD a* 
 gainltone, 
 
 aifo tlje 2 2 cap of tbe fame monetlj of September tbep fireD amine b tttocene Italy ano Pro- 
 uence, toljicb bio noljarme. 
 
 Of the terrible mine at the pofterne of Auuergne. 
 
 A315Dtlje 23 oapoftbe fame monetb tbep fireo ttoo mines, one at tbepoflemeof Spaine, ano 
 tlje otljer bp tlje bultoatke of Auuergne, tbe tobicb mine bp Auuergne toas fo tcrrtble,tljat 
 it maoe all tbe totoneto (bake , ano maoe tlje toall to open from aboue to beneatb onto tlje platne 
 grotmo : ljotobeft.it fell not,fo) tbe mine IjaD bent 0? b?eatb in ttoo places, bp one of tbe counter* 
 mines, anDbparockebnoertbclSarbtcan, tljetoljicbDiDtleaue, ano bp tbat cleft tbe fttrp ano 
 miajljt of tbe minebao iflue. 3nD if tlje fapo ttoo bents bao not bene,tlje toall IjaD bene turneobp" 
 Coeootone, 3nefojtrutb,astttoasrepo?teDtobsoutoftbecampe, tbeenemicsbaogreatljope 
 in tlje fapo mine, tbinking tbat tbe toall fljoulo baue bene ouenb?otoen, ano tljcn tbrp mtgljt Ijaue 
 cntreDtntotljetotoneattljcirpleafures : but toben tbep fato tlje contrarp,tbcptoerebcrpillplca* 
 feo. 9 no tlje captaines DctcrmineD to gtue aflault at foute places at once, tomakeostbemoje a* 
 Doo.anoto battean entrance into tbe tctonebp one of tbe foure. 9nD tlje fapo Dap anbntgljt tbep 
 ceafcD not to fijoot artillerp j ano tbere came in Ijope of tbe mine tbjcefco?e tljoufano men ano moe 
 into tlje trencljcs* 
 
 How 
 
84. The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, The loffe of%hodes. 
 
 How the bulwarke 0$ Spaine was loft, and 
 woonne againe. 
 
 T5£e 24 nap of the fame moneth, a little before Dap,tbep gaue affaule at the breach of Spaine, 
 to the bultoatkc of England, to the pofterne of Prouencc, ano at the plainc gccuno of Italy, 
 all at one Ijoucc $ one time, ChefirfitbatmountcDto tlje fajcaclj of Spaine , mas the Aga of the 
 aanifiaries, ataaliant man, ano of great courage mulcts tompanp,anD baretb?ec fco?c 0? tb?fe 
 fcoje aim cenne banners ano fignes , anopigbc them in the earth oftlje breach , ano then fought 
 Ujicb out men, anDmounteoonourrcpaires, making othenmmer of f rap ano mojerigojous 
 then tbe other tbat mere pafleD, ano tlje fapofKumiujlafleo about fire bourcs. anDfojtbmitb, 
 as tlje affatilt toaSgtuen, agreat fo?t of 'Curbss cntreD into tbebulmaike of Spaine, ano fetup 
 eight 0} nine Ggneso? banner? upon it, ano omtte our men out, 3 can not tell bote, lnitonrtsoj 
 ctbcrmtfc, 9inDtljepU3ercIo?Dsoftttb?ccbourc!3aiii)mo7ve.lDo^bcittlj.eretucrcofourmenbt' 
 ncatljin the mine of tbefapDbttlmarke , cbe toljtclj bultuflrfee f loll , gauc us: euill Ijopc. 30uttn« 
 contwentlp t(j? Io?o great matter being at the Defence of the pofterne of England,ijattingkncto* 
 ieoge oftlje fapo Iofte,anD that there mas great fighting ano refinance en both Goes at tlje b jeatb; 
 of Spain?, niarcbeo thither mubtlje banncrof the crttcifir , Ie«iing tlje ebargcof tiicfapcbul* 
 
 iDarkemthchnnOSofthcbailtfcdelaMoreemefsieurMery Combant. 9llBtljCl6^momit£B 
 
 on the mall of Spaine, mbctcas then began a great fkitmiilj, anoeucrpmanlapcDbisljanOfsra 
 Ujojkc , as Vucll to put tlje enemies out oftlje breach , as to recottcr tlje fcultoarke that teas loft, 
 Sno the fapoe lo^o Cent a companp of men into the butoatke bp tlje gate of tbtimne , 0} bp the 
 TSarbican, the njhiclj entree at tlje fapo gate, anomentbp, mberetljepfounoiutfem'&urkcs, 
 fo? tlje attillcrpoftljcpofferneof England, right againftthebulmarkeof Spaine, ij?<DfomeU 
 met ano fcatterco tijem, tijatmttbinaiBbile ottriv.enbaDfiaine aHtljem tbattocre left, 3no 
 thus tlje fapoe bultoarke toas gotten ano recotterto againe, anomitb all Diligence mere maoe 
 ncm rcpairee ano ftrcngtbs to tlje fapo place. 9no in Itke fojt , tlje enemies lucre put from the 
 breach, ano fern of them efcapeo, anoalltljeirbannevsauDfignesmereleftmitbbs. feurelpte 
 mapbefapo, that after tlje grace of <Soo (the trauerfesof Spaine ano Auuergne, anotlefmall 
 artillerp fet on the bottfes right againtt the fapo breaches , as it is fapo , mitrj tlje comming ano 
 pjefenccofthelojogrcatmafler) hatligiucni)Sthisoapesu:cto?p, 
 
 as touching the muroer of the people , cone bp tlje artillctp of tlje hulmarkcs of England 
 ano Spaine , the quantitp mas fitch tljat a man cculo not perccitte no? fee anp grouno of the cit* 
 djes. 3no the fiench of the mafiifs cartons mas fo grtettous , that nie might not fuffer it fetten j 
 eight capos after. 9noattfjelaft, thep that might fauetbemfcIuesDiDfo, anomitbojemtbent'- 
 fdttes to the trenches : ano tlje rcttereno laps great mailer abooe wctonousof the fapo place, ano 
 ■ iulikcfo?toftheotherch?ceaffaults,thetoljicljmerebuclittleleu"ethcntljatofspaine,fo?tbep 
 fought long.But in conclttfion.tlje enemies beaten on all fioes.ano in fa manp fo^mith artille- 
 rp mere put backe, ano uanquifljco, that there oico that Dap at all the fourc places fiftecne 0? fir* 
 tcene tljoufnno. &no the (laughter toas fo great at the pfatne Italy , of the cttrfeo enemies, that 
 tbefca mas maoe reBoemitb their blooo. Snoon our ftocalfo DieDtotljettumberofanbunDjteo 
 men 0? moje. 9no of men of Dignitp in tlje tolune , bauing charge , Dieo s§>ir Francis de Frenolz 
 commanoer of Romania, mhtchSir Francis mas cljiefe captaine oftlje great fljip of Rhodes, 
 - anoljcnjasfiatneattljeplmneofltaly, tootuHjeDmitbttooftrckesof harquebu&jes : it teas 
 great oammageof his oeatlj, fo) he mas a mojtbp man, perfect, ano full of bcrtucs, 'Ehcre oien 
 alfo meffieur Naftafy de fanda Camilla afo?enameD, Ijauing ttuo Ijunojeo men bttoer him of the 
 lojto gteat maRcrs fuceoursi, 'Sberc oico alfo Diners other tuo?thp men that oap, ano manp ttete 
 maimeo . Slmong all otlje r that loft anp member, mefsieur Iohn de le Touz calleo Pradines, be-= 
 tng at the fapo bulmatke.tm'tb a Ilroke of artillerp Ijao his arme fmitten aioap,in great Danger to 
 lhaue loft his life; hotobeitbp the Ijelpe of ©00 Ijeoieo not, 3ln like fojc the fame Dap mas biut 
 feitwiii.we. feir William WeftonabouefapOjCaptaineofthepofierneof England, anoljaDoncofhisfingers 
 of «e'S'ii& ttweten amap lnitlj an harquebufh : mhiclj knight behaueo Ijtmftlfe rigbt nioojtljtlp at all the af- 
 poattHeSjutc. faults, ©f tlje burkes part, of great men, mere ttuo pnncipall captaints fiainennocr the Aga 
 of the 31aniu"artes , anoanotber captaine that teas come out of Surey to the campe ccrtaineDapes 
 before, toitlj firebunojeo spamelttkes, ano ttoooj th;eethottfanD£^oo?es. 2nDoftl;cmtbat 
 mere hurt of great mentlje Bcglatby of Natolia Ijaoaftroketoitijanarromasbemasintbe 
 trench of Prouencc &no manp otljet meve luounoeD , tobofe names be not reljeatfto here, be-- 
 caufeofujojtnelfe. 
 
 How 
 
The loffe of ''Rhodes. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 u 
 
 How the great Turke for anger that he could not get the towne^, 
 would haue put his chiefecaptaine to death, and how they made n mines 
 vnderthc bulwarke of England. 
 
 Dating t Ijis affault , tlje great 'Ctttke toss bp fjis pattillion in a place tljat be lja& caufeo to be 
 maoe, anD fain all tbe biittnettc, pud I olu bis people toere fofljarpclp put backe, ano tbe Uic* 
 to?p to Q on bis Odc,? leas uerp fo?e Difplcateo, ano Ijafft in Defyaire: ano lje fent fo? Muftafa Ba- 
 fha uiitb Vuljom be toas sngrp , ano rljio Ijim bitterlp , faying tbat be |?ao caufeo fjim to tome tlji* 
 tber. ano baomaDeljimto beleeue tbat be ujoulD take tljetototemfiftecneDapcs.ojamouctb at 
 tbefiivtbcli; ano bJbaobcenetberealteaijptbjeemonttbieitoitb bis atmp, ano ptttljep bat none 
 nctbing. antiaftertljefevoojDesibeDoasptirpofeDtoputbimtooeatbiiubecainpe > buttbeo* 
 ttjcr IBaf&as fijetueo bim tljat be ougljt not to Doiuftice in tbe lano ofljis eminteB,foj it toiulo co= 
 fo?t tbcm ano gttte tbem courage, SBljerbp be did mocerate bis angcr,ano left Ijim to? tbat time, 
 anotbongbtto feno bint to Cairo, leaft tbe people tljcre luoulo rcbell, bpoccafionoftljecaptaine 
 ofCairoMjicliDteOafeuj oapesbcfoje, l^otocit fjc Dcpartt D not Co fuDCcnIp,anD d? £)C toent be 
 tbougljt to affap if lje migbt Co feme tljing fo? to plcafe tlje tkurke , aftoll to? bis ijononr as fo? 
 to fauc bis perfon, ano was maruettous Diligent to make mines at the fculWarke of England fo? 
 to ouertijjoU) it. 9nobp account toere maoe 1 1 minesafwelltotbefapDburwarkefiseUwljere, 
 l)cSoet!;emfpoken of before, ano tfjat tljep&ao 6rcD, 3f5uttljemott part of tljc fapo mines came 
 to no p? oofi' tbouglj 'be? put fire tn them, ano manp lucre met witlj cotin.ermines s anD broken bp 
 ourmenbptljegooDOiligenceanDfoIlicitiiDeofCrGabrielDu-chefQeiuatDoftbebouCeoftbc 
 lojo great matter Jjabjclj^ao tbe tbarge of tbe fapo countermines at tbe fame btilwatke. 31n tbe 
 Bob '-d) bttfinefft fee bebaueo limfclfe Well anD Wo?tbiIp,anD IparcD not Ijis gooog tocaufe tljcpco* 
 jjle to wo?ke ano trauell, but fpent tbereof largelp, 
 
 Howthe Turks were minded to hauegone their Way, and of the 
 traitours within the towne,and of many great affaults. 
 
 Tpe 'Curks feeing tbat bp mminij tljcp were nothing furtberen, no? migbt not come to tbeic 
 intentions, anD batting but fmallttoje of gunpoiuDcr, lucre in Deliberation anD mince to 
 baueraiieotbefiege, ano gone tljjirwap, 9nDmDceDfomeof tbembatetbeic cariages tomato 
 tbeffjippes t ana alfotertaine numbcrof people went out of tbe trends witb tljcirffanoaroa 
 ttraigbt to tbe Qjips. Sno it mas written unto us from tljecampe botu tlje 3iatiiffaries ano otbec 
 of tljeljofi woulo figfjt no mo?e : ano tbat tljep were almott all of oneipinicnfcj to go awap, faue 
 fome of tljc captaincs of tbe fo?efapo Muflafa Baflha o? Acmek Baflha. !3no in tbe meane fea* 
 fon tlje falfctraitourstljnt Were in tbetownc w?ote letters to tbe campe, giuing tbem know* 
 leoge of all tbat was fapo ano Done among us. 9no alfo an Slbanefe fleo to tbe enemies campe, 
 ano mantes t b s m not to go,f o? tlje gunftjot teas nigb toau*eo,ano tljac tlje matt part of tbe Jmigbts 
 anD people IboulD betljeirs ujo?tlp* 
 
 3!nlibrfo?t tljcnm^ote tlje aboutfapn Cbanceller £>it Andrew de Merall, tubafe treafon ais 
 tljen \uas not foiomett i but inbenit commetb to tbe effect of bis treafon, 31 Iball ttjem tbefenoto' 
 leoge tljat be gatte to tlje enemies at Diuers times, 
 
 ££l!jen tljc bailjaa ano captnines of tbe botte unocttooD tbe fapn earnings , tljep allpurpofen 
 f o? to tarp, ano cattCtD t«ofe tiDingsof tlje tolune to be knotoen ouer all tlje armp, 3no beganne 
 againe toujootarttllerp fafler tljencuer tbepoio, fo?neu) Qjotiuas come into tlje campe. ^beri 
 MuitafaBafflia being in oefpaire tljat be CoulD do notbingbp mines, bpgunujot,no?bp affaults, 
 Ije being reaop to Depart foj to goe into Surey bp tljc great burkes commanDcment , befo?e lji3 
 Bcuart mg bee tbottgljt once againe to affap Ijis anuenture , anD maoe tb?f e affaults tb?ee oapea 
 together* djefirftujasonaS)aturDap tbefoumjoapofgDctoberanljoure befojenigbt, ^be 
 otljcr ou !%>unoap in tbe mojning, 3no tbe tbiro on Spunoap after Dinner, 3no tbe fapo tb?ee 
 affaults lurrc maoe to tlje bullnarke of England . 9no it luas affailco but toitlj (tones ann 
 iagges full of arttfictall fire, Slnoat tljefe tljjec affaults manp of out men toereljurt tuttb tlje 
 fapofire, ano rjjitljtlje Hones tbat cam? as rtjicke as raineo?bai'c» i?M in tlje enDtljeenemieiS 
 got nDtljing but ttrokes , ano rcturneo into tbe ir trencbes euill contenteo , ano murmuring, 
 a:io fuiare bp tbeic ^aljomct tljat Muftafa Baffha fljouloe not make tbem to mount atipmo?e 
 to tljc fapo bulwark?, SnD tijat it luas great follpfo? tljcmto caufe tljemtobcfiaine at tbe 
 tollanofantaGeofoneman, ®befetoo?Des fapo in ©?cckebp fome of tlje enemies tuerc Ijearo 
 cf ou; men as tlicp nj:nt Dobmc from tbe bulmarbe, 5lnD betaufe (as it is fapo) tbattlje enemies 
 « tlje affaults tljat tore maDe, came up bp tbe eartb ano Bones tbat fell from tbe bjeacbes , fome 
 
 H of 
 
■- — ■— - - ■ , ■ , , I ■ ■ ■ ■-_■_._._■ I ^ 
 
 8<5 The Englifh.VoyageSjNauigations, The loffe of Rhodes. 
 
 of cur menaDtitfeo co cUnfe t tjc bar mean, anD take ctic cacti) cut of the cttclj, to i he cr,D that the c- 
 nemiesirjoulD not eafilp come to;on the Wall, ana in effect weening t^at it Were Well ano be* 
 boouefiill to be Done, up great Diligence night anD Dap bp mines tljep boiDeD the batbican, ano the 
 moftpart of tlje earth that lap in the Ditch teas brought mto tlje toWne,tbe Which Wasljurtfull8fs 
 tetWarD, anD was caufetljat the enemtes got the foot of tlje wall, jQotWitbffanDmg, tbtpbabit 
 but fcarfelp. 15ttt tljis cleanfing furthereD the time , anD caufeo them to get it foonec then tfcep 
 fljoulD baue Done if the earth IjaD lien ffill : but ctjeic final! intent Was to raife tlje Defence of the 
 bulwarks, ano then patTe at cljetc pleafure, anD enter into the barbican, as trjep haue Done : fo? the 
 enemies feeing that tlje barbican was clenfeo , tkougfjt to get into it bp trenches, ano fo tbep 
 bid, boWbeitthepWere certaineDapesletteDbpourbanDgimfbot* Cbe enemies feeing that tbep 
 might not come neere it , couereD their trenches With, tables to faue tfeemfttut s : anD then tbtp 
 mane a mine wherebpthep might goe to tlje barbican, §>obptbefe two meanes, afterwarn 
 tljep Were tepaireD Witlj earth anD with acertaine Walltljat tljep maDe fo? to efchewthe ffiotof 
 the bulwarks of Auuergnc ano S paine : anD inttje mine tljep founo but ttoo gunners, Wljiclj tljep 
 fleWbpfo?ceof men, 13 p this mancr tljep being cottcrtD on all parts anD Without anp Danger, 
 paffeDtbo?oWanoIeptintatbe barbican, anDgottljcfoctoftbewall; which Was the 17 Dapof 
 ©ctobcr , ammbappp Dap fo? tlje poo?e toWne,ano ocrafton of ttje tuinetljereof, anD Winning of 
 the fame. 
 
 3ttbis point tljep fleptnot, btttligljtlp ano Witlj great DeligljtthepbegantoptcfteanDbeW: 
 tlje wall. SlnD Weening to make rcmeop therefore, ano to finoe meatus toD?iuct*;cmfrcmtije 
 fapDc barbican With cngins of fire anD barrels of gtmpiWDer, toreflcWmanpof them, buttc 
 auaileo nothing : fo? the quantttp ano multituoe of people that trauclleo tljcrc W*=s fo great, tljae 
 tljep careD not fo? loffe of tljem. &nD if We bao IjaD men enoW Wtihjn the toWnc,tij; re might baue 
 beneremebp to Ijaue raifeotbem from thence : but confioeringtljat our fo?ce anD totsllhope 
 Wasin people, wceleftto Doe manp things tljat might baue beene Done, ano that fijculo haue 
 bene gooD then anD otljcr times alfo.fo? fault of men of wane. 3 1 thejaft it Was ponD?cD ip 'Sue 
 Gabriel Martiningo , tljattljere was no remeopbut to hew tlje Wall fo? to meet them , ano beat 
 them with o?Dinance ano With engins of fire to burne anD onooe trjem, &ben our men began to 
 IjeW tlje wall, anD maoe fome holes to fijootat tlje enemies that fleptnot, but did as Wee did, 
 ano Qjot atbs.anDinoeeotbep flew $ hurt manp of our men, &ben!%>ir Gabriel Martiningoo?* 
 DemeD to matte repaircs Within the toWne at thefront where tbep did cut tlje Wall,to tlje cno tljat 
 after the Walles were cut , tljernLmiesujoulD know With Whom to meet, 'SElje trauerfes Were 
 maoe onecbfiDe With gooD artiilerp great anD fmall: anD the fapo trauerfes anD repaires were 
 of tlje length that the enemies hao cut the Wall, anD beganne at the maffife of Spaine maDe bp tlje 
 reuereno lo?D great mailer Mery d'Amboife, $ enDeo at the church of g>, Saluador. ^be Wbtcbj 
 trauerfes ano repaires the bulgar people call trjc Mandra, that is to fap,tf)e fielD. 
 
 %lje meane time tljat the repaircs ano trauerfes were maDe With all Diligence, ^>ir Gabriel 
 Martiningo nctietccafeD going to cuerp place topuruepfo? alltljings s anD he being on tlje bul* 
 warke of Spaine to o?dc uie all things that Were neebfull, there came a Broke of a banogun from 
 the trencfjes that fmote out his epe,anD put bim in Danger of bis life,but tljankeo be <55oD,be rcco* 
 ttercD rjis health Within a moneth anD a fjalfe, {pis hurt came ill to paffe, fo? tlje nee d that we ban 
 of Ijim tfjflt time in all tljings,anD fpeciallp to tbe repaires of tlje b?eacljes, 3f5euertljcb:s the Io?B 
 }i?iour of Mt: Giles (not igno?ant in all fitch, tljings) With other men erpert in Warre,attenDeota 
 , ttjcfapD repaires anD trauerfes, there ano eifwere, ®be enemies on tbe other fioenigfct ano oap 
 Without rea (fo? tlje great number of labourers that tljep baoljourelp ano nettlpreaop) hetoea 
 ano bnDermineo the fapo Wall, 
 
 ano tbe 20 Dap of ©ctobcr thep put fire in tlje bnoermines, Weening to fjauecaffooWnenjI 
 Wall, but tljep coulD not : tbeu trjcp WoulD baue pulleD it DoWne With great ropes anD ancres,uut 
 the artiilerp of the buiwatke of Auuergne b?ake tljeir ropes,anD fent them awap ligljtlp, 
 
 attheIatttljepmaoeaminebnDertbefapDtoaIlanDb?eacl) : anD tlje i^Dapofthefamemo* 
 netlj tljep did put fire to tbefamemine, weening to Ijaue ottcrttj?oWen t^c wall, which it did noty 
 but raifeoit, anDmaDcittofaIlalmoCfiraigbtbp?ight, Which Was mo?e DifaDuantage to tlje e* 
 nemtes thenp?ofit. 'Chen tljep Qjot artiilerp at it , Wljiclj in feWe Dapes beat it DoWne, an» 
 tljep IjaD opening ano Wap to come iutotbe 'Eownc, 3Bettertheleffe it Was not neceffarp fo? 
 tbcm as then to enter :fo? theartillerpofourrcpairesbeatthemmtljefo?epart, auotheartille* 
 rplping at tlje tWomilles at the polferne of Quofquino, ano in that of England, Whereas Was a 
 battlifke that beat right upon the b?eacbwitb other pieces : ano therefo?etlicenfmfes fought 0* 
 tljer meanes, anDbeganne to ratfc tlje earth bettoeene our two walles, D?aWtng toWarD the kul* 
 Warke of England on the one fiDe.anD to ware Auuergue on the other iw,anD WoulD baue tut the 
 
 ftfill 
 
7 he loj]e of Rhodes. Traffiques and Difeoueries. 
 
 37 
 
 wall further tben our. ttauerfes toere fo? to comeinbnbeatcnofottr nrtitlerp. Cijentoerctlje 
 repaired inlargeo ano mabe greatrr toitb ttje toall tbat bias cut,of tbe Jjtiojjc of ttoeutc, gt 1 6 foot 
 in b?ebtlj : ano fo tbe enemies migbt goe no further fo?toatb , but ujot great artlllcrp againfl otic 
 repaires, fo? to b?eake ano cafl tbem botone, an& alfo tbep mabe trentbes fo? to cc me rtgbt to t»je 
 b?eacb,anb bnto tljc repaires ; anb certeinlp toe lookeb bap bp oap,anb Ijottre bp boure fo? to Ijaue 
 fomeaffault, ^Ije mtcrenDlo?o great matter, tljetoljtcb,asiti8fapo, bablefttbebultoatKeof 
 England tbe bap tljdt tbegteataflattlt toas mabe, anb unce tbat time Ijrmcueb not from tljence 
 torjtle tljep betoeo tlje toall, 9 tobere as tbe b?eaclj toas, becaufe [feat t(jjp bDere moll bang? rous $ 
 mott bnquiet places. 9no continuallp tlje fapD lojo kept (rim bebirtbe trjc fapb repaires tottlj bis 
 knigbts ano men offuctouts,intentiutlp rcaop ano p?epareo to Ihtr ano Die, anb to reccitte Ijise-- 
 nemics as tbep ougljt to bee receiueo, 9no be abobe ttyeao? foure bapes at tbt fapb b?eacb, con' 
 tinning fince it toas maoe,bnto tbe eno, ggbtmgtoitbbis enemies cuerpbapin great peril! of lj;s 
 bob? :fo? oftentimes Ijeeptttbimfclfcfurtbcrintbe p?eafetbenneeocbfo? tbe banger of bts 
 perfon, but be bio it fo? to lj car ten ano ttrcng tyen tbe courage of bis people ., being To toell lulling 
 to oefenb anb bie fo? tbe faitlj. 
 
 How the enemies aflailed the poflernes otTrouence and 
 Italy, and how they were driuen away. 
 
 B$ tbe toill of our io?b, tbe enemies altoap in feare ano b?cab, tooulo giue none aflault, but 
 continuallp ujot againtt our repaires,anb mabe trencbes fo? to pafl*efo?toarb into tlje totone: 
 bptbe tobiclj trencbes tbep Qjot infinitelptoitb Ijarquebufljes anb banbgunnes, attbflctomanpof 
 our folke , anb fpeciallpof tbem tbat to?ougbt anb mabe tlje repaires tljat toere b?okenanb cra-- 
 feo. 3nb tljep putbs in fucbertremitp, tbat toebabalmott no mo?eflaues no? otljer labour ins 
 people fo? to rrpaire tljat tobtcb tljep b?ake ntgbt anb bap, toljicb toas a great binoerance fo? bs, 
 ano tbe beginning of pur perbition, 9nb if toe bab mutb to boe in tjjat place, tbere toas not leffe 
 at tbe gate of Prouenca, mio ait tlje plaine of Italy- E fo? waplp etjcp toere do ing eitber tottlj affaulc 
 p? fkirmiuj, ano mott at tbe plaine of Italy, ^otobeit bp tbe belpe of our £o?d toitb tlje goob con* 
 bucting of tbt captatneof fuccours of tbe fame piace J tbep?tour of Naaarre,tbat toasp?ompt ann 
 tntentiue, anb coulb tuell incourage bis men, tbe enemies (jab altoap tbe tooo?tt, anb toere b jiucrs 
 fromtlje fapoplaine, anb from tbe b?eacb of Prouencc 
 
 !( 
 
 How the treafon of Sir Jhdrtto deMerafl was knowen,and 
 of the maruellous aflaults that the Turks made. 
 
 VPontbefetermesanbatfaults, tbe treafon oft&ecbancellouri&tr Andrew deMerall, of 
 toljom3fpake befo?e, toaspercetucb : fo?aferuauntofbis, nameoBlafie, toasfouno 
 (booting a quarrel! of a crofleboto tottb a letter, tobereofbe toas accttfeo to tbe lo?o great ma- 
 tter , toljicb commanoeb to take bim ano epamine Ijim bp iuflice,ano be confeffeo tbe ujot of tbat 
 letter? ofotbcrbefb?e,attbe tommanocmentefbismatter: ano fapo tbat Ije Ijab great acquaint 
 tance tottlj tljeCurksbaujas; anb tbat it toasnot long Cncebel;ab tojrtten a letter totbem, toar? 
 riing tbem tljat tbep ttjoulo not go, fo? gunttjot began to faile, ano tlje men toere toatteb bp flaping 
 ano ljurting at tbe affaults in great quantitp : anb if tbep abobe flillanb gauc no mo?e atTautts , at 
 tbelatt tbe totone ujoulo be tbetrs*9no bluets otljer tbingstbeferuant fapb of bis mattcr,of tbe 
 tobiclj 3 banc fpoken pact befo?e at tlje beginning , anb of tbe toarning tljat Ijegauero tbe great 
 Curkefo?tocome. 
 
 35ut to returne to tbe plaine of Italy, after manp battels ana affaults bone in tbe fapbplacc, 
 bp conttnnall ujot of feuenteene great gunnes tljat beat tbe fapb plaine , tije repaires ano ttauet* 
 fes toere aImottb?ofecnanb loft, flubbp trencbes tbe enemies toere comeiopningtotbeb?cacb > 
 ano neuer ccafeb to grate tlje card) anb fcrape tlje eartb to caufe tlje repaires 9 trauerfes to fall : 
 ano at tbe latt tlje mott part fell ootone, aj our men toere conttraineb to Icivte tbe fapb plaine, fatte 
 a cantell tbat toas totoarb tbe fea, as it to ere tbe tljir b p art tljereof, C er tame oapes afo?e tlje cue* 
 mies came to tlje foot of tlje plaine, anb nit) cut it, anb rafeo tbe eartb, 9 at tbe latt tljep paffeb tbo* 
 roto bnto tbe totone toall : anb anon began to Ijc to ano cut as tljep nio at tljat of Spaine. Cljc Io?q 
 great matter feeing tljat ,anon call boton a part of tbe cljurcb of our Labp de la Vi doria, ano of an 
 otljer cljurclj of & t Panchalion. 9no toitljin tljep began to make tlje repaires ano trauerfes as at 
 tbe place of Spaine, toljcreto toas mabe ettreme Diligence, but not fuclj as tbe lo?o tooulD, ano as 
 toas necbfu!I,becattfe tbere toere no labourers fo? to Ijelpc. after tbat tbe enemies fjao tooon tbe 
 mott pact of tlje bultoarkeof England | tbe plaine of Italy, tljep purpofebto make a (fault to tbe 
 
 H 2 fapo 
 
88 The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, 1 be lofe of 'Rhodes. 
 
 fapo plaine, ano to the b?eacbof Spainejano to enter into out repaires to toinne t bun to? to make 
 anenoofbs. 9nofo?euertoaffeebletberepairesmtbfo?toabaujbs,the 28 Dapof jScucm* 
 bee all along tlje map ano night tbep ceafeo not to (hoot great artillerp , both from the L^tmmes of 
 the Ditches teitbtbofe greatpteces, catting fiones of mnc 9- cUucu foot about, anD from tbemaft* 
 telletsteitljout, &iionsittuastcckoncB, tfjcp fijet tlje fame tap a»D nigljt 150 times 0? inojc a« 
 gainftour repaires ano trauerfes of the toall. 
 
 anointbemo?nmg the 29 oap of clje fame monetlj, t&ebigtlIof&,Andrewatthefp?ingoi* 
 ujeoap, the enemies tocnttljo?ote the b?eacbtoicb their banners, anbentreb into tbe repaires 
 toitb greater number of people then tbep did at the great battel! in September , baroiip ano furu 
 oufip fo? to fight teitb bs. 35ut at their comming in , the artillerp of the trauerfes, ano the fjano« 
 gutmes,ano the gunftjot f t he millep fount) tljem fo toell ano fo ftjarplp, that ijc that came in,teas 
 anonDifpatcbeo ano ouertb?otoen s anb there abobe aboue 2000 of the Curks flame* Che othet 
 that tame after feeing their f ellote es fo euill tocl commco , as people that toere aftonieo ano loft, 
 tljepturneo againe to their trentbee : at tebomc the artillerp of the millesujot bicto?ioufip , ano 
 rjaflco them to go apace: ano bp repojt from tfjerampe there oieo fire tboufanoo? mo that cap; 
 tlje terjiclj bap might be calico berp Ijappp, anb teell fortunate fo? bs, tbankco be (Sob, fo? there 
 teas none that thought to efcape that bap , but to baue dico all , anb !ott the t ctenc : Ijotobeit, the 
 pteafure of our Loio teas bp cutoeut miracle to haue it otberteife , ano tlje enemies toere cbafeo 
 ano ouercome. 3no it is to be notcb, that the fame bap the ratne teasfo great anb fo flrong, that 
 it mate the earth to fiucke a great bealc that thep has call into the bit ches, fo? to couer them from 
 tljeftjot ofAuuergne, 3 no the fapo earth being fofimckcn, tlje artillerp of thefapoe bultearke 
 (bntoarcs to them) fmote tbem going anb comming, anb mabe great muroer of the fapo oogges. 
 Che fapo bap aifo the enemies came to the plaine of Italy fo? to admit it ,- but teben thep bnoer< 
 fro od that their fellotees hab bene put lw eke fo rubelp , anb teitb fo great (laughter , thep toe re a* 
 frapb, ano fo thep returnco againe to their trenches; 
 
 How the Turks got theplaine ground ofSpaine. 
 
 A#lb tljat bone, Acmek Bafhafeeing their bufineffe euerp bap goe from tooo?fe to tooo?fe, 
 ano that at the affaults toere but loffe of people, toithout boingof anp gooo, ano that there 
 teas no man that teillinglp teoulo go to it anp mo?e, be intenbeb tc gtttc no mo?e affaults, but to 
 foIl3tobi3 trencljesf, anobptljem enter couettlptottboutloffeofa man from tIjeb?eacljtothe 
 other enb of the totene, i&emblablp he intenbeb fo? to teinne the plaine earth befibe Spainc : the 
 toljich to get, he came at pleafure to the foot of the toall,t began to beat ootone the plaine grouno, 
 ano to critic manp f fctrraifijes ano conflicts to our fblke that kept it. 9 no there tor re flaine manp 
 gooomen. SlnDatthelaff, fo? Default ofmo?ehelpe ano of gunujot, it teas left ano giuenbp of 
 our men, ano fo loft. Chat Done.tbe enemies came thither as in other places. 3no this is the th iro 
 placctoljerc thep camcncrc to the foot oftbeteall. gnotebofotecl confioerco tntohatrflatethe 
 poo?e totene teas at th at time, feeing their enemies haue fo great aouantage, might teeil fap.anb 
 iuoge,that at length it ftjoulo be taken,ano a loft totene. 
 
 How a Genouois came to the gate of the towne for to Ipeake for 
 a treaty, and deliuerance of the fame. 
 
 Ajfete bapes after efec faioe iourncp a Ch?iftian man ttjat teas in tlje campe, thetehichlp 
 bis fpeech teas a ©cno tiois 0? S>iotis,came to tbe gate of Auuergnc,ano bemanoeo to par- 
 Ie,ano after that he teas bemanoeo tobat be teoulb baue,be fapo that he hab maruell of bs tobp tee 
 teoulo not peelb our felues, feeing the pitious cftate the totene teas in : anbhe asaCfmfn'an 
 man counfelleo bs to peelo ourfelues toitb fome agreement : ano that if tee teoulo looke thereto, 
 that Come ftjoulo be founocrpeo tent to do fome tobat fen ourfafegaro. 9nDitisbcrpliketbatbe 
 fapo not fuel) too?Ds,no? fpafee fo farfoith in the matter.totthout coinmiffion fro fome of the cbiefe 
 of the campe,o?of the great Curbe bimfelfe. Co the tohtch S»iotts teas anftecrtc.tbat beOioulo 
 go ate ap toi t h an euill (;ap,ano that it neebeo not to fpeakc of appointment : ano that though t h c e - 
 nemtes hab great aouantage, there teas pet enough toberetoitb toreceiue ano feaff them, if 
 thep maoe anp affault. Cbcfe teo?D3 heart), he toenc ateap : ano tteo oapes after he came againe, 
 anb bemanoeo to fpeakc tetth a marcrjant ©cnottots of the totene,nameo Matthew de Via , ano be 
 teas anfteereo that he tebicfa he oemanocb, teas llcke.anrj might not comc,bttt that he ffjoulo belt* 
 uertbeletter.ano it ftjoulo begiuen to him. Che fapo feiotis favo nap,ano that Ije teoulo gtue it 
 ljimfrtfe,ano fpeake toitl? him : anofapothat be hab alfo a letter of tbeGrand fignior,fo? tlje lo?n 
 matter, ftpon this he teas biooen to go his toap : ano to fet.bim pac king , tbep fljot after him a 
 
 piece 
 
The loffe of < Bhodes. Traffiques, and Difcoueries* 
 
 piece if artilletp, ®be nert oap after Ballamis Albaneft tbat mas fleo tboioto tl;e b;eacbof 
 Spainc to tlje campe.cainefcom tbe fapo <6enouois pjopofing fucbto>o;!Os,o;ltke as tbe otl;er Ijao 
 fapo, fapinguketoiie tbat tbe Grand %niorbaofcnt a letter to tbe formatter. %La mljomno 
 luo^DjS lucre fpokcn.no; anfruere maOe,fo; tlje lo;D great matter ae mife ano p';uoent ccnllDcrincj 
 tlj.it a tolunc tbat mill Ijeait tntrcatings is balfe loll , DefenneD upon tlje paineofDeatbfiib 
 tbat g)!otis fjao fpoken trjefe ttuo times, tljat none ttjoulo be fo barop to fpcake no? anfiucre t bnn 
 of tlje campe.mitljoutljia knotolcDge $ commanDcment : but feeing tljcp lucre fttcb ambau"aDo;s, 
 tbeprcpo;teDt!jemo;osof tlje fapo 9luauefe, o;euer tbe fapo lo;o ban knotulcoge of tlje mo;os 
 of tlje 4>iotis. djemljicb mo;DS fp?cao tljomm tljc tolunc put manp folkc in tljougbt,ano taenia. 
 Ijauc unoonc (bat t tjat t be &iotis faiortlje toliicb is no mat ttcll tubcrcas is mucb pe ople ,fo; tui 1 1) 
 rfcoDluiU ano mott often tbep regatD fooncrtofaue t be lutes of tljem ana tbeircljtlo;cn, tljen 
 tijtpDoetotljebonour of tlje refiDue. SMubnt not one Dttrtt fpcake a tuojn openlpof tljat bufi- 
 neiTcbtttallfccretlp : ano fome came ano fpake to certaine lo jtjs of tbe great crofTe fo;to fpcake 
 f o p Io?D great matter, 9nO in effect fome lo;DS fpake tberof to bim perfuaoirig bim tbnt it fljoulo 
 begooDtotbinke tljereon, feetngtbattljetomnementtoloffe, 'E.omljonubefapDiow ujemeo 
 manp tbings foj bis bono ; ano tbe Kcltgion : ano tbat no fttclj tbings ottcjbt to be Done o ; tbougbt 
 fo? anp tljing in tbe mojlo , but ratber be ano tbep to Die. 'S.be Iojds bearing tljis anfmere, luc nt 
 tbeir u; ape s, ano tben returnee againe to tbe fapo lo jo , abutting bim mo;e to tbinke tucH on all 
 tbings, aiiDtotbefaluationofbtstoUineanoofbisrcligion, 9nDtljepfapDmo;eouer, tljattbcp 
 Uoubteo trjat tbe people DjotrtDratljerljaue a peace tben to Die tbcmfclucs, tbeir mines ano cijib 
 o;en. UbelojD feeing tbat fttcb mo;as mere as tbings info;cco, as mbo(boulDfap,iftbouDoit 
 noc.me (ball do it as mife men ana p;uoent,milliiig to make remcoies of ncebfull tbings bp court* 
 fell, calleDtbelo;DsofbisCounccIlfo; to baueaouife in tljefe Doings, anDotljer. SlnDiuijcutbep 
 mere affembleo, tbe lo;D pmpofeo tbe mo;os tbat mere to bim Denounceo, ano fapo : EUttb tljcfe 
 termes ano wojoes came tino o; tb?ee marcljants ano cictjens of tlje tolunc tbat knockco at tfje 
 copje of tbe CoimcelUnD pjcfentcD a fupplicatton to tbe great matter , ano lops of tlje Cornice J, 
 wljerebp tbep rcquircD ano bcfougljt meekelp tlje fapD reuereno Io;d to baue refpect to tbcm ano 
 itljeir poo?e bouttjolDS, ano to make fome appointment witlj tlje great Zut\> e ,f cc ing tbat tlje fapo 
 matter tnas alrcaDp folate in purpofe.tbat be tootilo do it ; ano tbat it tooulo pleafe bim to con* 
 ftocr tlje pitious $fo;otijfull eff ate tljat tfjctoUunetoas in ', 9 trjat tljerc tuas no.re meap to fauc it: 
 ana at tbe left luap.if tbe Ioia tuoulo notmake appointment,togfue tljem leaue (of bis gooDncffe) 
 to Ijattc tljeu; luiues ano tbeir cljilo jen out of tbe Rodes to faue tbcm , fo; ttep luctilo not Ijaue 
 tbcm flatnc no; maoe flaues to tbe enemies. 3nD tbe concluficn Doas, tljat if tlje fapo lo?o uioulQ 
 not pttruep tljcrefoje.r bep tuoulo puruep fo; it tljcmfclucs, 3 no tljcre tuas lujitten in tbe fato re- 
 quell tlje names of eigbt 0; ten of tbe rf cljett of tlje totonc, dUbicb Wo?ds of tbe fapo fuppltcation 
 being bcaro, tlje fapo Io;d ano bis councell lucre abattjeo ano ill content as rcafon tuoulo, feeing 
 tljat it mas but a coucfe game, ano tljougbt on manp tbings tomake anftuere to tbe fapo citizens, 
 fo; to content ano appeafe tbcm : ano alfo to fee if tljep fljo tilo inteno to tbe appointment, as tljep 
 rcqttircD, ano after as tbe ©enottops Ijao repo;t co : ano tbe better to make tbe fapo anfmere, ano 
 1 knoto mo?e plainlp in tuba t efface t b z totene mas in all tbings ; tljat is to toi t, fir Q of gunpoto » 
 nerj, ano tbm of men of toarre , anooftijekatterics. Slfotocrc DemanDCD ano afkeDtbelo;i> 
 of§>.GilcsprcIohn, iBl)icbbaDtljccbargeoftbcgunpoDJDer,anBtljcntbe captatne^ir Ga- 
 briel Marciningo.fo; being oner tbeir men of marre (as it is faiD) as to bim tbat knew tbe trutb,' 
 if tbe totonemisbtb°lDeo;not,o;tberenierean?nieanesto faueit. ©befapDlo;DofQ>.Giles 
 arofe , faping ano affirming upon bis honour ano bis confidence tbat altnott all tlje flaues ano la- 
 bourers toere »ea& ano butt , ano tbat fcantlp tljere mere folke etroto to remaue a piece of artille- 
 rp from one place to anotljcr, ano tbat it mas Knuoffible toitrjout folke anp mo;e to make 0; fet up 
 tbe repaires tbe mbicb etterpoap mere b;oken ano cruttjeobp tbe great , furious, ano continuall 
 Cjot cf tbe enemies artillerp. 3s fo; pnpomoer tbe fapo Io;d fapo, tbat all tbat mas fo; tto;e in 
 tlje toamewas fpent long agone, ano tljat tobicb mas nctolp b;ottgbt, mas not to ferue 9 furnilb 
 tmo affaults. 9nn Ije feeing tbe great aouantage of tlje enemies beingfo farre toitbtn tbe totoiic, 
 toitbout pomer to put 0; cbafe tljem atoap, fo; Default of men,ma$ of tbe opinion tbat tbe totone 
 moulabt loll, ano tbat tljere mas no mcancs to faue it. Cljemojosof tbefapDlo;DfiniujeD, tbe 
 captaine Gabriel Martiningo fo; Ijis Difcbarge fapo ano DcclaccD to tbe reuereno lo;D aim tljem 
 of tbe Councell, tbat feeing ano confiDering tlje great beatings eftbeftjot tljat tlje tomneljao 
 fuffereD , ana after feeing tbe entring mijiclj tlje enemies Ijao fo large, ano tbat tbep mere toitljln 
 tlje towne bp tljeir trnubes botb ennlong ano ouertbmart ; feeing alfo tljat in tmo otljcr pla« 
 res tbep mere at tlje foot of tlje mall , am> tljat tlje mott part of our knigbts ana men of matre 
 ano otbf t mere (lame ano ljurt , ano tlje gunpo tuoer msfleo , ano tljat it mas mipoffiblc fo; tljem 
 
 H 3 (0 
 
 %9 
 
' I II- - " - 1 1 — — — — — ■ m , + m ,i 
 
 9 o T He E nglilli V^oyages^Nauigations, The lojje of Rhodes. 
 
 torefia tijctt enemies anp mo;e , tljat ruitljoiu Doubt tbe toiune toas loll if tljcrc came no iaccojs 
 -fo; to belpe ano reQtt tbe f»ege, 'Oje lubicb opinions ano rcafous cf tljefe tluo iuoo;tlip ir.cn ano 
 erpert infuclj feats , UiiDetttooo anoponcereo bp tbe lo;o great matter am tlje lo?os oftljc Ccuu= 
 cell, tbep mere mott part aouifed.fo; to accept ano take treatp it'it mere offeree, fo; tbe faurgaro 
 oftlje common people, ano of t^e tjolp celiqucs! of tlje cijucth j ss part of ttje tolp ecotfe , tljebolp 
 .tljjone.tbebanDof&.lohn.anopartofhiSbeaD, anDDiuersotljcrreliqucs. l|)ou)leit tbe lo?o 
 great mailer to luljom tbe bulmeffe belonged Uerp netre, ano tbat tookc it mott beamlp, anD tolas 
 rno;efo;rotufulltbenanpoftljeotber, as reafonrcquircD.tnasaltuapttcDfaftinbis firttttirpofe, 
 ratljcr milling to Die rljeu to confent to fucb a tljing , ano fapo agatne to the Io?oeS of rl-e Coun- 
 cell : 3outfe pou.ano tljinke toellon etterp tljing, ano of tbe eno tbat map bappen,<mD te p;cpofeo 
 to tljem tluo points : tbat is to tone, CJClljct Ijcr it is better foj us to Die all, o; to faue tbe people ano 
 tbe bolp reliques, ^bc uibicb tluo points and Doubts lucre long time oiQmteo, and tbere lucre 
 omers opinions : neuertljeleffe, at tbe lad tljcp fapo all, tljat bolnbeit t^at it lucre toell anD fafelp 
 cone to oiefo; tbe faitlj, ano mottljono; fo;os,notto}itbttarc>ing feeing ano confiDcringtbat tljcre 
 ie no remeop to rcftffagainff our enemies, ano meanes to faue tbe toiune; ano on tbe otljerpatt, 
 tbat tbe great Cttrke luoulo not opp;ctte us to fo;fake our faitb,btit onlp luoulo baue tbe totome, 
 tt mere mucb better tljcn , ano tenoing to greater luealtlj to faue all tbe ieujels abouefapf e , tljac 
 fljould bcocalcd nun lott if tljcji came m tfje Ijanocs of tlje encniics of t^c faitlj. Slnoalfotokcepe 
 fo mucb (mall people , as luomen anD cljiloicn , tbat tbep luoulo tomient ano tut feme in pieces, 
 utber take , ano perforce caufe tbem to fo;fake tljeir faitlj, luitb innumerable uiolences, ano 
 fljamefufl funics tbat fljoulD be cemmitteo anD Done , if tbe tolunc irere put to tbe f uic?o, as luas 
 Done at Modon, ano latelp at Bellegrado. GElberebp tbep Did conduce, tljat it mere better, ano 
 mo ic agreeable to G5oo, fo? to take ttje treatp, if it lucre pjoffereo, tljcn fo; to Die as people oefpe* 
 rate, ano tuitboutbopct 
 
 How the great Turke fent two of his men to the towne, to haue 
 it byintreating. Andhowthe lord great matter fent two knights to him, 
 
 to know his affurance. 
 
 Vlpon tljefe confultations and 1uo;ds almt'gbtp (Sou tljat fauetb tljtm luljiclj trull in Ijtm, ano 
 tbat ujouId not tljat To manp euils ano cruelties ujoule come to tbe poo?e citp $ inljabitants 
 of it, and alfo tljat tbe great Curke migljt not arife in ouer great p;ioe ano uaincglo;p, put Ijim in 
 mir.oc to fecke to baue t'jefapotounte bp treatp , luljiclj bcougljtnotto Ijatif cone fo? rjts fecnour, 
 no; bp reafon, fo; tbe tolunc luas in a maner bis. 9 no in like fo ? t be ottgbt not to baue let us go e 
 as be oio, feeing tbat toe to ere Ijts mo ? tall enemies cu cr, ano fljall be ff ill in tbe time comming, 
 confioering tbe great flaugljtcr of bis people tbat luc baue maoe in tljis liege, ^ctoibcit, tbe etcr« 
 nail goooneffe Ijatlj blir.oeo bun, and Ijatlj pleafed tbat tljefe tbings fboulo be t bus, fo; feme caufe 
 unknoiuenofbs, 9nofo?conclu0on,tbe great Curke fent to baue a communication ano parle 
 ui following tljcluojos of tlje Genouefeafo;tfapo,Cbfn luas a ftgnefetupon ibe cburclje of tlje 
 abbep tuit bout tbe tolunc , to tbe luljiclj luas maoe anf lucre toitlj anotber at tbe nnlles of QuoC 
 quino. anofojtljUntb came tluotLurks to fpeake luitb tbemoftlje tolunc, %\)t n tlje Io;o great 
 maftcr fent ttje 13;iOUr Of i%). Giles pre Iohn, ailO tbe captailie Gabriel M artinin go to knoiu tbe 
 caufe of tljeir comming, 3no ujijcntljevcaiueto tbcm,uiitboutboldingof long fpeecb, tbetlno 
 Curkes cr Iiuerco tbem a letter fo; to beare to tlje lo;o great matter from tbe great Cttrkr, ano 
 tljen returned fafelp into tljeir tents. CClIjcn tbe tluo lo;os bad rccciued it, tljcp bare 9 p;efentco 
 it to tlje rcuercno Io;o great matter, lubiclj caufed it to be read, 13 p tbe luljiclj tbe gteat Zvxkc 
 oemandco of tbe lo;d great matter to pcclo tbe tolunc to ijim, and in fo doing be luas content to let 
 bun go $ all bis knigbts, and all tlje ocljer people of tobat rocitton foeuer tbep luc rc.tottb all tljeir 
 goods $ ieluels fafe luitbout feare of anp barme 0; difpleafure of bis folks. 3nd alfo be fiuare ano 
 p;omifeo on Ijts faitb fo to oo. Hljc fapo letter lua? fealeo luitb bis Cgnet tbat be bfetlj, tbat is as 
 it mere giloeo. 3no Ije fapoe aftermaro , tbat if tbe Io;o great matter luoulo not accept tbe fapoe 
 treatp, tbat none of tbe citp, of lubat ettate foeuer be aiere, fboulo tljinke to efcapc, but tljat tljep 
 all unto tbe cats fboulo paffc bp tbe edge of (be fmo;o , ano tbat tbep fboulo feno Ijim an anftucrc 
 fo? tljiuitlj, eitbet pea 0; nap, after tlje figbt of tbe contents of tbe fapo letter of fa great tocin b t, 
 ano tbe time fo fijo?t fo; to giue fo great an anftuete, ano luitb oemano , tbe fapo lo ?o great matter 
 and all tbe Io;os of tbe Cotmccll lucre in great tljottgljt , beoJbeit tbep oetermineD to giue an an* 
 fojercjfccing tljeettate of tbe tolunc fo ill tljat it couiobe no iuoo;fe, Ipcaring tbe rcpo?t and opi< 
 nions a Dap 0; tluo befo;e of tlje tluo Io;os jdcineo to Uiem tbe Defects of tlje toiune , faping tbat 
 tlje tolunc toaslottiMitbout remcop : confioering alfo tbat tbe pjiiicipalles of tlje toiune luoulo 
 
 
The lo/Je of 'Rhodes, Traffiques., and Difcoueries. p i 
 
 \):mi appointment, 3uD m likeU)ife,at the o t l;cr counfell all t !j c locoes bat) alreaD p to \ lieu anD te- 
 ci.uco , that ic lucre better to faue the totone foj rrfpect oftijcpoojtc pcaplc,tl;cn to put it all tuljolc 
 to tlje furie of tbe enemies, tobereupon tljrp agreeo ano conclucco to take tbe fo jefapo trcatir, 
 9fter the conclufion taften,anftoere toas mane reacilp f o) a goon retpect ; tbat is to toeet,to take 
 tbe'Surkcathiatoojoe, to tbe enoetbathefljoulo not repentant of it, nojcbangebiis opinion* 
 JFoji cuerp boure bis people toanne ano entereo further ano ftivtbcr into tbe totone . 9. no foj to 
 goe onto the great © urke mere ojtDaineo thefe ttoo knights, fit PaiTin afoje nameo, ann be bare 
 tbe token of tbe £23htte croffe : ano another of tlje totone nameo Robert de Perrufe tuoge ©j* 
 Dinarte. 
 
 (KKhen thefe ttoo ambaflaoours bao mane them reaoie, thrp toent out at the gate of Qiiofqui- 
 no.ano toent to the tent of Acmek bafln, capitaine gcncrall, 3ttD betaufctt teas late,aho that 
 tbep might not goe tbat nap to tlje great Ctirfce, ontbe nctt Dap in themommg trjefojefaio cap- 
 taine Acmek leo anoconueieo our fapo ambaffaooutsto the great Curkcsnauillion, tbat tbep 
 might haue tl;e mo?e knotoleoge plainelp, ano foj to heare biz toill as touching tbe toojoca 
 tohicb toere rcpojtcn to tlje rencreno Iojd great mailer, anD after,tlje contents of bis Utter ano 
 tojitingg, 
 
 JKHben tlje fapo ttoo ambatTaoours mere oeparteo out of tbe totone, tljcre did enter ttoo men 
 ofauthontie of tbe campe ; one toas nepbeto 01 kinfman of tbe fapo Acmek, tbe otber teas tlje 
 great tfctttkes truebman ,tohicb tbe Io?o matter caufeo to be toell teceiueo,ano tbep toete loogeo 
 mglj tbe fapo gate of Quofquino.ano tben truce toas taken foj ;.oapes, ano tbe enemies came 
 to out repaireis.anD fpake toitb our folke ano ojankc one toitb anotrjer. 
 
 How the ambalTadours of Rhodes fpake with the great Turke, 
 and what anfwere they had. 
 
 Wfycn ourambatTaooursbao maoe reuerence to tbe great ^ttrfte, tbep fapo tljat tbe to?o 
 great matter of Rhodes hao Cent them to bis 3lmperiall rhaieflie to fcneto tobat be reque* 
 tteo,anODefireD that tbep might talke together, ano hoto tlje great matter ban receiucobis lee 
 tec. Che great Sutkc anftocrco tbem bp bis truebman, tbat of oemanoing to fpeake together, 
 no? tonting of letter to tbe great matter he kneto nothing, Cpotobcit, fitb tbe great matter ban 
 fent to him foj to knoto hie toill, be baoe fap to tbem that the great matter fboulo peelo bim the 
 totone, 3 no in Co Doing be pioinif en bp bis faith fo? to le t bim goe toith all bis kniojbts, ano all o» 
 ther that tooulo goe toitb tbeirgooos , toithout recciuing anp oifpleafure of hi? people of the 
 campe, 3no if he accepteo not tbe fapo treatie, to ccrtifie bim that be tooulo neuer Depart from 
 Rhodes till he bao taken it, anothat alibis might ofCutkiefljoulo Die there, ratliertben (jce 
 iDoulD faile of it.ano that there ttjoulo neither great no; title efrape, but unto tbe cats tbep fboulo 
 be all cut in pieces, ano fapo tbat toitljin 5 ,oapcs tbep (Ijoulo giue Ijim an anftoere, fo; Ijee troulo 
 not tbat \yi% people fboulo loo fc time, ano that outing tlje fapo truce tlj cp (boulo make no repair eg 
 no; Defences tuitbtn the t otone, 
 
 auben tbe great ^ttirke ban enoeo his too pt$, our ambattaoouts tooke their leauc of him, 
 ano returneo to tlje totone, ano there toas gtuen to each of them a rich garment of tyanchco ucl-- 
 uet,toith clotl) of goiD of the Ctttk ; uj falbion. djen Acmek baiha tooke fir Padin, anD IcD bim 
 tobispauillion, anointteating him right toell,caufeo him to abioealltbatoap ano night: ano in 
 eating ano on'nkingtbep bao manpoifcourfes of things Done at tbe Gege, quefiioning each toitb 
 other. 9no among all other things our ambaffaDourDrmtaunocD of Acmek, ano piapco bim to 
 tell f } ttttetb hoto manp men Die d of the campe tobile the fiege toas laieo. Che (aio B afh a ftoare 
 bpon his faith ano cercineo, that there toere oeaoofthe campe of oiolcnt oeath, that is to Tap, of 
 gituiljot anootbet toapes 1 64ooo,men 0; mo;e,befioe tbem that Dies of ficknefte, tohicb toete a- 04000.^11^0 
 bout 40.01 s o.thoufano, Z Amt ?' 3". 
 
 TJ ' 0«bc of Rboiin. 
 
 Howoneoftheambaflaciours made anfwere of his mcflage, 
 and how the Commonswould not agree to yeeld the towne, 
 
 RCturne toenototoourpurpofe ano to the anfwere that our ambaflaoottrs bjougbt to tbe 
 lo?o great matter . Cbe fapo Robert Pcrrufe maoe the anf mere , ano tolo totjat the great 
 lEutkeljao fapo, certifying tbat be tooulo bane an anftoere quicklp either pea 0; nap, Che tobiclj 
 anftoereaftertbe oemauno of the great Cttrkebath bene purpofeo ano concluoeobptbe tohole 
 tounfcl,anD Ijis offer ftreatieaccepteD.hotobcit the fapoambalTaoours bao it not to Do fo foone 
 no? tlje firtt time that tljep toent foj gooo reafons,but pet thep tooulo not oef erre tt/02 f care lead 
 
 tie 
 
92 The Englifh Voy ages,Nauigations, The lojfe ofl^hoctes. 
 
 be (boulD repent him. Sno upon ttjcfe Determinations that thep tooulo Ijaue lent the fapo Perufc 
 to bear e the anftoere, cam c fome of the common people oftfjc totone to t lie lojo great matter .ttjac 
 toas toith the Sc?t>css of tfee conufcll , anofapD tljac tljep mere abuettifeDof the appointment ihac 
 %t ban m as e Doit Ij t he great ^urke, anc that be tooulD pcelD the t olimc toith t oucnaunts bp Ijim 
 taken, tobicb t !jcp fuppo ten ought not to be Done umbo tit calling of them.ano be catife thep toere 
 not calico to it.tljep fapo that tljep toouln not agree thereto, ano that it toere better fo ; tbem to 
 Die, fo ; the great Curke bp Tome toap tooulD put them all to Death, as toas Done in Bellegrado 
 inHungarie. 
 
 How the lord great mafter fent two ambafladors for the Com- 
 mons to the great Turke. 
 
 W^tn the reucreno lo;o great matter hao bearo their too;Bes,he fapo graeiouflpto them, 
 that as touching the acceptation of the great Z urfcs ofFcr.u toas neeDfttl fo to do in the 
 tiegree that the totone toas, anDtbccaufcStoberefo;ehebaD Done it ibecounfell hao fceneanr* 
 DifcuffeD, ano that it toas a thing that might not, no ; ought not to be CapD no; publifljeo in com- 
 mon,fo ? reporting of it to the enemies bp traitours ,but be kept ttill ano fecret , 9nD mo;eoucr, 
 that it mas concliroeB to make an anftoere ujo;tlp, fo; to take the great Curke at bis too ;D,lcall 
 bereycntcDhim. ifo; if tljep hao bene calleD, o; the anftoere haD bene gittcn, itbaDbeneouer- 
 longbtifincltc, aitDinthemcane time the Surfer might hauechangeo bis mino, ano that that he 
 Ijao Done ano concIttDeD toith the great SEurke, the lo ;dcs of the counfell hao totll regarDeo ano 
 coiifioereD in all things, ano fo? their pjefite ano aDuantage, as mud; o; mo;e as fo; that of the 
 Hcligion. &no that tljep tooulD fenD to the great <£urkc againe other ambaflaDottrs, the better 
 to hnoto bis toiIl,anD to be furcr of his p;omife ♦ Ocn the Io;d great matter o ;DalncD ttoo other 
 air.baffaDottrsfojto goc to the great ^urke, tobichtocrettoo !§>paniaroes, the one nameDfic 
 Raimon Market.anD trje other meffire Lopez, at toljofe iCuing enterco S>ir Paflin the firtt am* 
 battaDour, ano the other ttoo toent to thetencofAcmek bafha, fa; toleatictbemto the great 
 ©urfce. 3no tohen tbep toere toitbin the ^utkcspauilltmi, anDbaDDoneljimreuerenceas ap« 
 uertaineD, our ambaffaoours fapo that the great matter hao Ijearo anDfecn his Dcmauno to pcelD 
 the totone, 9no fojp it is a thing of great toeigljt, anb that be fjao to Doe ano fap toith manp men 
 of Dittcrs nations, anD becaufe the time of anftoere toas fo fljo;t, hee might not Doe tbat tbat bee 
 uemaunbeo fo foonc « ^otobctt bee toouic fueake toith Ijis people, ano then bee tootilo giue him 
 an anftoere. 
 
 How the Turke began the aflault, and how the Commons a- 
 greed to yeeld the towne. 
 
 Wipen tlje great % urke bearD the anftoere of our ambau*aDourS,be fapb nothing,but com* 
 maunoeD bis Bafhas tljat tbep ttjoulo begin the battell againe to the totone, tlje tohtcrj 
 toasDane, ano then the truce toas broken, anDthelhotoftbeenemtestoas (harper then it jnaa 
 afo;e, 9no on the other Ooe nothing, o; toerplitlefo; fault of pouoer : to? that that there toas 
 Icft, toas kept fo;fome great attaulto;neeDe . ij)otobeic the fapDAmek Bafha kept one of the 
 ambauaDours, ano meflirc Lopez onelp entercD. 'H-begteat matter feeing tbe toarre begun, 
 ano the (hot thicker then it toas afo;e, ano tbe enemies rntreo hourelp bp their trenches further 
 into tlje totone , calleD them that before baD fapbeto bim, that tljep tooulo not the totone 
 CjouId bepeeloeD, but haD rather fo; to Die. Stab tberefo;e the fapo lo;D fapo that be toas content 
 fo; to Die toith tbem.anD tbat tbep ftjottlD Difpofc tbem to Dcfene tbemfdues toell, o; to Doe their 
 enoeuour better tljenthcvhaf bone in times patt ♦ Sum to tljeenDetbat eachone of tbem ttjoulo 
 baue knotoleDge of bis totll (fo; as then be fpake but to foure o; fiue of tbcm that gainefapo bim) 
 be maoe a crp th;ough all tlje totonc,tbat all tljep that toere bolcen to be at the pottcrnes o; gates 
 CjoulDgtueattcnDance, ano not to come atoap Dap no; night on papne of Death: fo;afo;e, the 
 Rhodians came but litle there. 9nD that tlje other that" toere not of tbe pottcrnes, o; that toere of 
 bis fuccours, fljoulD goc to the b;eacb of Spaine tohctetlje fapo Io;d toas continuallp, anD not to 
 goe atoap Dapno;nigbt on tlje abottefapD papne , ?tbcfapDcrpmaDe, each one toere obcDi* 
 ent fo; a Dap o; ttoatnc , Ijotobeit a poong Rhodian left his poflerne anD toent to bis bonfe, 
 tohielj on the nert Dap toas bangeo fo; b;eakmg of tbe lo;oes commaunoement . jaottoitljttan* 
 Ding that.bp litle anD litle the people annopeo tbcm, ano their heartesfaileD, anD left tbe po* 
 Cernes ano b;eaches : in fitch toife, that the enemies might come in toithout finning great 
 reftCattnce, but ofafetoe that the Io;d matter caufeD to abibc there (tljat is to toeet) anightes 
 ofljisfuccoiirs^^nDintbcnightbefetShtoutnuiepeoplefbjtokeepevtoatctjattbefattihjcatb, 
 
 ano 
 
U he lojje ofMjoodes. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 93 
 
 ano paieo to tljem as much as the? tooulo.'Ebe fapo lo jd feeing Ijmifeif tljua auanooncD ano tefc of 
 IjiayeoplCjije Cent to af ke djem againe toberefo?e tfjcp oio not their cnoeuour,ano tobp tbep came 
 not to nap, as tbep fapo before ♦ ffiHhtchmaDeanftoere that tbep fame ano knetotocllthat cfje 
 totone toas Iottfo?certainercauto£ that toere tolotbem : bp occafion tobereof tbep ljaogame« 
 fab the ojajinance of the fapo Iojo, ano fapo tbat tbep b«o bene tojang enfrmneo of Diners tbtngs : 
 ano on tbe other Boe,tIjat tbep fearco tbat the Curke tooulo not bolo bis toojo. Tout Gtbuis tljep 
 fatoe tbat there tuajs none other remeoie but to abioe tlje aouenture ano fortune, tljep fapo tbac 
 tbep nut all to the fapo Iojo to Doetobat be thought gooo, anD tbat bee tooulo fee tobat mere belt 
 fojtljcm, auDrequireDtljeloptoDoetbemfamucbfauourastolettljcm tboofc oncost too a» 
 mong tbem foj to goe to tbe great 3turke toith bis ambaffaoours fo ? to baue furetie of bim. 3Elje 
 tobiclj teas graweo, ano ttoo ojoinarte ambafTaoours toere cbofen fo? tbem ; oue Nicholas Ver- 
 gotie, ano tbe other Piero of faint Cretice, ano tlje fo?efapo Paflm ftjoulo returne toitb tljem fo? 
 to make tbe fapo anftoere.'Eben rijc great matter oj tbep oeparteo (prolonging tbe time as much 
 as be might) aouifeo to feno a letter to tbe great ©urke, tbe toljicb bis granofather ban tonttcn 
 ojcaufeDtobetojrttcn, 3n tbe tobtcb letter begauehts maleDictionojcurfetobts cbilojcn ano 
 futceffours,tftbcpenterp?tfcD to beCege Rhodes . ©be fapo Roberc Perrui'e bare tbe fapo let- 
 ter, ano as be toas accuttomeo,betoent to Acmck Bafhafoj to eaufebim to baue auoience, aim to 
 pjefenttbelapDlettcr.&notbe Bafliafapohee tooulo fee the letterifoj it istbeguife in tbe great 
 ©utkescottrt.tljac none map fpeake to bim no? giue bim a letter, but be beaouertifeD firtttoljat 
 (ball be faio,o;i tobat ujall betanitttn. SSKben tlje Baftia baofeene tbe toojoestojitten in -tlje faiD 
 letter, be b?ake it ano call it ontbe grcuno, anb DiD treao bponit,faping manpmtutiouB ano oil-- 
 lanotis toojos to tbe fapD tuDge.flnobaoe bim returne apace to bis great matter, ano bio bin' to 
 tljinke on bis bufineffe, ano to make anftoere to tlje great Iojd (as be ban fent ano commaunDcD) 
 0; els it tfjoulD not be long o j be f atoe bis doIg ioub ano tuof till enoe, 3ud tbat fame bap toere ta- 
 ken ttoo men of ours tbat bare eartb tomato tbe bultoatke of Cnglano , ffif tobcm tlje fapo Ac- 
 mek caufeo an officerto cut off tbeir nofes,fingers ano eares, ano gaue tbem a letter to beare to 
 tljelo?ogteatmatter,tobereintoeregreattoo?DesanDtb;eatnmgs . after tlje fapo Permfe mas 
 returnee, meflirePaffin mas fent againe to tbe fapoeBafha, fo? to knoto of bim if tbe great 
 ©utke tooulo be content toitb anp famine of monep fo? Ijis cottes ano erpenfes.tbat be baa mane 
 fo? Ijis armie, ©be tobicb anfmercb tbat fucb too?os 0? offers of filuer toere not to bee fapo no? 
 pjefenteDtotbegreatlo^nonpaineoflife, ano tbat bee fet mojebp honour then bpGluer . 9no 
 therefore bee bsoe btm returne ano fap to the peat matter tbat Ijee fbouln make anftocre 1 tlje 
 great Io?o after bis oemaunD, to peelo o^notpeelotbetotone* ©IjefapDPaffinmatierflflticnof 
 tbe mojoes of tlje Bafha to tlje great matter : the tobicljfo? tlje great fo^roto that l;eeb'iooefer= 
 reb altoapes,fato btmfelfe in fuebpttious cttate, ji9attoitbllantiing,tbe fapo Io?s putting nllto tlje 
 toil of our lojo.f conCoeriug tbat tljere toas no remeoie to 00 otbertoifejno j to rrOtt anp moje bis 
 enemies: anobeingconftraineoonallftDestomaketbe appointment, toitb great beauinrffe, 
 ineflimablc Dolours ano betoailings, at tlje laft gaue bts oopce to peelo tbe totone (toitb the t rca= 
 tife 0? offers to Ijimpjefenteo) toljiclj toas tbe ao.oap of December, tlje peere of out lop a tljoit* 
 f ano Sue bunojctlj ano ttoo ano ttoentie. 
 
 Ananf\vere to fuch as will make queftionforthedeliuerance 
 of the chic of Rhodes. 
 
 AJQoifbpanpt't toere oemaunoeotoberefo?e t^efapoe lo?o great matter batbpeclDeo tlje 
 totone to tbegreatSurke, requetttngittottbtreatieanocouenauuts, tobicbtoas afigne 
 tbat Ijefcareo ano tooulDnomojcfigbt,btttgocbtstoap« ©ocbisSanfmeret^ottoitbQanoing 
 t^at tbe great ©urke toas aouertifeobpfometrattours, anobpotber tij.it fleo into tbecampe, 
 tbat tbe potooer almott faileo, ano tbat tljere toere but fetoe men of toarre toitbin tbe totone, pet 
 bebeleeueDnot,no?gauecreoenceofalltbattoasrepo?teDtobim, but thought berilp tbat tore 
 bao pnougbfoj a great toljile, ano conBoereo tbatljee mutt tarp till tljep toere toafteo ano fpent, 
 tobereto bebooueo time, 9no feeing all bis eilatc entereo into ttrange places, ano into the Linos 
 of bis enemies, ano Ijao bene there alreaote Gre monctbs , (ano not toitbout great Danger of ijis 
 otoneperfon) thinking on tlje otljer Goe, tbat taking the totone bpaffauit, befboulolofemanp 
 ofljisfolke ; ano pet toben bee bao oucrcomeanDtoonnc tlje totone , tbep fboulo fall each opon 
 other in Departing of the bootieo? pillage, Doubting finallp the lja?aro of toarre, j7ojtbeferca= 
 fons ano o tljet tbat map be alleageo,tbe great ©urke bao much ratber to baue tlje totone bp torn* 
 poficion ano treatie, tljen other toife. Sno it fttff ifco him to Djittc his oIdc enemies out of tlje cotm- 
 treps of Leuant , ano fet tlje fubiectsof ^is ceuntrepsf in rett ano furctie . Sno toe of tlje totone 
 
 that 
 
 
 t 
 
94 The Englifo Voya ges,Nauigations, The lofe ofljbocies* 
 
 tbat feneti) out weaRnctte.rj tbat toe mtgbt oo no mo?e,u feemeobetter to laue fo mucb fmallpeo* 
 ple.tben toe ano tljcp to fall into the fur ic of out enemies, fo ? other totfe coulo toe not Ijauc Done, 
 but tempt ©oo,ano dicd as in oifpaire. 
 
 How the cicie of Rhodes was yeelded to the great Turke,and of 
 
 the cuil behauiour of certaincTurkes. 
 
 Battorctutnetoourp?incipalU a feet that tfec rcuerenD great matter bao gtuen biscopce 
 to tlje pecloing of tlje totone,be Tent tlje fain Paflin againe fo? to beare it to tbe great 'Cutke, 
 3no toitb bint toeat the ttoo men tbat toere cbofen of trjc Commons , ano t^ep toent all tb jee to* 
 getter to the tent of Acmek Bafha.^Lo tobom tbe fapo Paflin firtt maoe rtjis pit ious anftoereano 
 concluGontopcelotlje totone* jaattoitljflanoinp;, be fapo the people fcaoojoaineD ttoo mena» 
 mong tljem foj to goe to tbe great Eurne.to fpeake of tbeir particular Dofags,ano to baue fome 
 furetie of tbeir perfons, toiues,ano cbilo?«n,to tbe enbe ttjat it toere not bone to tbem,as to tbofe 
 ofBellegtado. djefapoAcmekleo tbe tb?ee ambaffaoours totoarDt&e great Curke , 9no 
 tobentljep toere encereo into tbe pauillion , tljefapoe meflire Paflin maoe tbe report of bis am* 
 uaffaDctotbefapolojo, ano fapt) tljac ttje great matter peeloeobim tbe totone tonoertlje p?omtfe 
 maoe bp bis 3impcriall maitttie, toitlj the treatie p?omifcD, Of tbe tobielj p?cmifebeebelD bin. 
 fute ano tertaine , ano tljat Ijee tooulo. coe no leffe : botobett, tbe people bao requireo bim to 
 giuetbem licence to goe to bis maiefliefo? to afke fome requett of bin. . Cbentbettoo citijems 
 befougljt the great Curke tbat be tooulo fo? furetie remooue bis campe from tbe totone, to tbe 
 enoe tljat tbep ujoulo Ijaue no maner of ijarme to tbeir bodies no? goots, anc tbat tbep tb<u tooulo 
 goe,ujoulogoe,anD tbat tbep tljat tooulo abioe flill.migbt be teellentreatco . Cbe great ^utfee 
 anftoereo bp bis interpreter to meflire Paflin, tbat bee acceptco tbe totone , ano p?omifto a< 
 gapne topon bis faitb, ano on bis honour to tbe lo?o great matter, tbat lie tooulo pcrfo?mc tbat be 
 ljaDp?omtfeD, ano fent to bimbp tbe fame Paflin tbat be ujoulo not Doubt of tlje contrary: ano if 
 be Ijad not ujips pnougb f o? to carie bis people ano tbeir goons, tbat Ijee tooulo let tbcm baue of 
 bis, ano tljat be tooulo oeliuer tlje artillerie tbat toas tooonc to be in tlje fbipfl of p Religion... Slim 
 as touching tlje ccquctt of tlje people, be fapo tbat be tooulo remooue tbe campe, ano (feat tfjeptrjac 
 tooulo abioe, might abioe, ano tbep ftjoulo bee toellentreate'o, ano ujo'ilo pap no tribute in fiue 
 peeres,anDtbetrcbilo?enujoulDnotbetoucbeo, ano tobo fo toonlo goe toitbintbefapofpaceof 
 fiuepeercs,tljep ujoulo goe ingooo time* itbife too joes enoeo, our ambaffaoours tooke leaue of 
 ftim,» toben tljep toere otpatteo, tbep fpake againe mitb tbe fapo Acmek Bafha fo? to baue a let* 
 tcr of tlje contents of tbe p?omife of tbe fapo Io?o,3no bp bis tommanoemtnt tbe fapo letter toatf 
 maoe.tobetebp be pjomifco to let go tbe great matter toitb all bis nnigljts, (hangers ano menof 
 tbe totone tljat tooulo go toitlj tljetr gooos*toitbout bauingDifpleafureof anp of bis people of tbe 
 campe,o j bp tlje toapcs.ilOben tbe letter toas maoe, it toas oeJiuereo to meflire Paflin, 3no as 
 touching toitljojatting of tbe campe,tlje fapo Bafha p?omifeo againe tbat be tooulo do it.Once tbe 
 great lojo tooulo fo : Ijotobcit be remooueo but from tlje trencbes, ano Come of bis people toent 
 alttlc toap off. 9no tbefapo Bafha oemaunoeo in tlje Curses bebalfe, tbat tbep ujoulo fenb to 
 bimtnbottagefoureanottoentiekmgljts, tobereofttoo ujoulo bee of tbe great £rofle, ano ttoo 
 ano ttoentie citizens. 3 no tbe fapo lo?o fboule f eno onelp a captains toitlj t b? ee o? foute buno?ea 
 3aniffaries,fo? to fecepe tbe totone toben tlje campe toere toitbojateen. Sluofo it toas oone;ano 
 befioe this bee gattc ttoelueoapes refpite to tbe lo?o great matter, to prepare htm ano Depart out 
 of Rhodes. 9nD in conclufion all this Done, our ambaffaoours returneDano maoe tbe report to 
 tbcreucrcnb great matter of all tbat tbep baD Done ano p?actifco toitb tbe great Curse, ano tbe 
 fapoBafha, anogaucbim tlje letter fo? to goe furelp, ^{jen tbe great matter toitb bis counfell 
 o?oaineD tbe foure ano ttoentie perfons, ano other of tlje totone , QHben tbep toere rcaoic, tbep 
 toent to tlje campe,tobere tbep toere toell intreateo foure oapes, During this time,Ferra Bafha 
 paffeo fro tbe maine lano to tlje campe, toitb foure ano ttoentie o? fiue ano ttoentie tboufano 3Ja- 
 mffarics, tobicb bp tlje commaunoement of tlje great Cutne toas gone bpon tbe bo?oers of tbe 
 cottntreis of tlje S>opljie.Jf o? tlje Curfee feeing tbe people oftbe campe oifcourageo ano toilltng 
 no mo?e to goe to tbe affaults, fent to tbe fapoe Bafha to come to Rhodes toitb bis people, tobicb 
 tooulo baue toitbttooo us fo? e, as f reft men, 9no it toas tbe too?ke of (Sod ano a toonoerf ull mp« 
 racle, tljat tbep came after tbat tbe appointment toas maoe: fo? if tbep bao come afo?e, it ts to 
 be fuppofeo tbat tlje dccd Ijao gone otijertotfe, ano tljere bao bene manp ttrohes giuen : but 31 be* 
 Ieeue tljat tlje enoe ujoulo baue bene pitious fo? us , but (Sod tooulo not tbat tlje Cutke ujoulo 
 Ijaue bicto?p upon us as bee mi gbt baue bao, feeing tbe great aouauntage tbat be bao in an things, 
 but be blinoeD bim ano tooulo not tbat be ujoulo nnoto bis mig{j^ 3no on tbe ottjer part it map be 
 
 fap& 
 
T he loffeofjRjoodes. Trafficques,ancl Difcoueries. 
 
 95 
 
 Tata anD tmtuctleo bom it uj.ie poitiutc alwap to Ijaut ouerunn our c ncn ncs m nil au-iitcs $ Ikir- 
 nriiljcj, aim at the cud to loofe tl)e totone, it toas t(je toill of (Sod ttjnt fo Ijntlj pleafco fo? fomc 
 caufc to bs bnknotocn. 3it is to b« tijougljc, tljat Incite of mcnano gttnfibot, ano tljc enemies fo 
 forretotthintbc totone, nnoreaDp to enter at other places, toitlj tljc trcafons, Ijauecaufeo the 
 totone tobe lou\ Ctoo o? tlj?ee Dapes after tfac commingof tlje fapo Bafha,t)is jiamfiarirs ano 
 other of tlje eampe entrcD into the Eotone,to(jicb toas on Clj?ifimas Dap, toitljin tlje time giucu 
 to os, ano tljcntlje burkes too?D toas b?oken, ifittocrc bis toill o? not, 31 cannot tell, jKeuerf 
 rtjelelTe there mas no ftoo?D D?atoen, ano in tljat refpect pjomife toas kept , T6ut tljep maoe ph% 
 lap, ano enecreobpfojee into tbetjoufes of the cattle, anD tooke all that tljep might ano tooulo*. 
 Sftcctljattbcpbaoranfackeo the boufes, tbep enterco into the rburcbes, ano pilfeo all that tbep. 
 fotmo,ana bjakc tlje images. 3no cljcre toas no cruciftt,no? figure of our IaDp,no? ofotbet faints, 
 that tocrc left toljole. 'E.ljcntoitlj great inljumamtie tbep tocnt into the bofpitall of poo?e ano 
 fickefolke, calico ujejFcrmo?ie, ano tooke all tlje filuer belTell tljat tlje Gckcfolketoerc ferueB 
 toit!j,ano ratfeo tljem out of tljeirbeD8,ano optic tljem atoap,fomc toitlj great tt cokes ano ttaties, 
 aim fomc toere'tattootone frortf tljcgallertCB, <T23bcn tijefr Ijounos Ijao Done tljat actc, tbep tocne 
 to tljc cljurcb of faint Iohn ano tooke ootone tbc tombes of tlje great matters, anD fougbt if tljcre 
 to ere anp treafttrc bio in tbew, artDtljep fo?cco ccrtainetoomen ano matDens . 3no all trjcp tljat 
 toerc cbjitfencD ano Ijao bene Curkes afo?e,tocre tljrp mcn,toomen o> cbilDjcn.aiiD cbilDjcn trjac 
 tbe fapo men bao maoe clj?ittians,tbep leD into ©utkte,tobtclj tbing is of greater importance tben 
 anp of tlje otber ; <3Dbc mo?toto after Cb?ittmas Dcip,tljc reucrcno lojn great matter tocnt to tlje 
 great Curkegpauillionfo?tomfiteljim,anD to be better affureo of ljisp?otnife,tljctobtcblojDbe 
 mane to be tocl £ graciotiflp receiur 0.9nD be fignifieo unto Ijim bp Ijia interp?cter,tbattlje cafe fa 
 bappenro to Ijtm toas a tbing bfuall anD common; astoloofetotoncsanolojoflups, ano tljat Ijec 
 fljoulD not take otiermuclj thought fo? it : anoasfo? bisp?omife, Ije baoe tljat he Oiottlonot coubt 
 in anp thing, ano that be fijoulo not feare anp oifpleafure to bis pcrfon, anD tljat i;e tfjottlo goe 
 toitlj ijis people toichout feare ♦ 2Ititlj tljcfe too?Des tlje fapo Iojd thankcD him, ano tooke bin 
 leaue ano Depaueo, FINIS. 
 
 f Lenuoy of the Tranflator. 
 
 GOe little bookc, and woefull Tragedie, 
 Of the %bodian fearefull oppugnation, 
 To all etlates complaining ruthfully 
 Ofchineeftate, arid bidden tranfmutation: 
 Excufing me if "inthytranflation 
 Ought be amifle in language or in werke, 
 I me fubmit with their fupportation, 
 To be corredtjthat am fo finalla derke. 
 
 Anambaflagefrom Don Ferd'mando, brother to the emperor Charles 
 the5. vnto king Henry xhz 8. in the yere 1527. dellring his aide againft Soc- 
 man the great Turke. Holinfad. pag. S $ 4. 
 
 ("^j^rijjftthc j^. sap of ?0arcb, 1527, tocre comicieD from London to Green- 
 ' I wich bp tlje eatle of Rutland anD Otljcrs, tlje IOJD Gabriel de Salamanca, 
 earleofOttonhuige,IohnBurgraueofSyluerberge, anD Iohn Faber a fa* 
 mousclerke,aftcrbi(bcpofVien, asamfaalTflDoursfromDonFerdinando, 
 brother to Charles the empetoj, netolp elect king of Hungarie ano Beame, 
 after tlje Death ofljis bjotljer fit lato king Lewes,toljicb toas flaine bp Soly- 
 mantlje ^turke tlje lafl S>ommer. Wiiscompanp toastoelcommcDof the 
 bfgbofficers,anD after bjougbt into tbektngs p?efence,all tfoenobilltte beingpjefent ; anD there 
 after great reuerencemaDe, 9p*Faber maoe a notable ojaticn, taking tjisgeouno out of the 6o» 
 fpelljExijcfeminatorfeminare femenfuum : anDOf tljat bCCDCrfarcD IjOto djJlCanD Ijis Oifct* 
 
 pies toent foojtlj to fotoe.miDboto their feeo toas gooo that fel into tljegoco grounD,anD b?ougbt 
 foojth gooD fcuite,toljich toas tlje Ch?tfiianfaitIj.3ttD tljcnljc DcclareD hoto contrarp to tljat foto« 
 tng,Mahomet IjaD fotoen feeD,toljichb?ottgIjt foojth euillfruit, I[)e alfo fijctocD from tbebecjin* 
 ning.boto tlje burkes haue increafeo in potoer, toljat realmes tljep haD conquercD, toljat people 
 tbep IjaD fituDtteD cucn to that Dap , fyc DcclareD fttrtljer tobat actes tljc great ^urkc tljcn liuing 
 baD Done; anb in cfre ciaU,be noteo t|je getting of Belgrade anD of t|)e Rhodes, anD tlje Haptng of 
 
ftcmcamtB 
 tftedtiprroi 
 stOejfrcncjj 
 tting- 
 
 I — ■— I -■■■■■■ ■ ■!■-■ ..!■ II— ^M ' ^ ^1^»^* ■ ■ '■ ■ ™ — — — *— — — I— — ^1M i^^W^M*—— ^ 
 
 9<5 TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, Trade to Sio.» 
 
 the kino; of Hungane,totl)C great rebuke (as be fapo)ofaU tbe kings cbjtittcneB, ipceiet foojtlj 
 alfo Wtjat potuer t be ^Eurke bao,tobat oiucrfi t ses of companies, tobat capitaines be baa, Co tbat b« 
 thought, cljac luitljciit a maructlous great number of people, heecoulanot be ouertbjotoen, 
 ulljcrefo je be molt humMp befongbt tbe king ass ^.Georges kuigbt,ano oefenoer af (be faith, 
 to affitttbc king bis mattct in tb.it goalp iuarre ana tiertuous purpofc. 
 
 ©othis o?ation tljckitvjbp tbe moutlj of$S>ir Thomas Moore anftoereB ; tbatmuch bee Ia« 
 mentea tbclcffetbat bnppencDinHungarie, aim if it tocre not foj tbe toarres tohicbtoere be* 
 ttorene tbe ttoo great p y.ntrt , be tijougbt tbat tbe Curke tootdo not banc cnterp?tfeo tbat act c : 
 toherefo?ebetoitbaUbtsttuaie tooulatakcpame, firtt, tofet antnucieauB peace tbjongfcout ail 
 C h y.tttnw.K, ann after tljat.botb toftbmonep arm men be tuoulD be rcaa ie to helpe totoaro tbat 
 g!oriouswarre,as much as any other prmceinChriftcndome . Sifter rip tone, tlie ambalfa* 
 Hours lucre toell c(jeri{heB,anB otirsrs times ufajtea to the ccur t ,?na baa great client ana gc oo 
 setoarB?,anafo tbe t!;iraaap of £9ap nejrt foUototng^bep toofcc ttjcitleaue foeparteobemetoaw, 
 
 Theantiquitie of the trade with Englifli fliips 
 
 into the Levant. 
 J3 tljepeeresf of our Iojb, 1 5 1 1 ♦ 1 5 1 2.5c till the peere 1534. Hum tell fhfpss 
 
 1 of London,namelp,The Chriftopher Campion.tobtrf in toas Jfattojt one Roger 
 
 'Whitcome; the Mary George, rabercutluas,jFactoj William Grefham; ihe 
 
 great Mary Grace, the ©toner toljtreof, ttas William Gunfon, ana tbe HIM 
 
 , tier one Iohn Hely; tbeTrinitie Fitz-williams, to';ercoftoaS mailer Laurence 
 
 Arkey; the Machew ofLondon, toljercof toas matter William Caphng, toitbCCrtlim Oilet 
 
 Chips of Southampton anB Briftow, baB an OJBinartcanBl)fuaiI trace to Sicilis, Candie, Chto, 
 
 ana fometobiles to Cyprus.as alfo to Tripolis ana Baruttim Syria. Cbeconirtioaitiesnjbtcbtbt? 
 cartes tbitber luerefineJKerGcsof outers colours, courft i£erfie8,tebi;e<Dactf£rnc cc^rnr,Cot s 
 rons, rertatne clctbes rallco statutes, ana otbers calico Carainal-tobues, ana «uluefkintf 
 tobicb tocre toell folo in Sicilie,&c ^becommoBities \sfyich tbep r:tt:tiiea batke toere teuks, 
 Cl;amletB,lilubarbe,gpalmefiee,5pi!fkaDtlB ana other toines.ftoeue opie3,cotter. tooolU'S.uc* 
 kit carpcts,®alleS,]]D£pper,Cin;>mcm,anB feme otrjee fpt'cc0,5C deuces. t!;e nsturalltnbabi* 
 tantsof tbe fojefapa places, tbep baa, eucn in tbofe aapcs.traffique tot'tb 3Ittocs,^urkes, ana o« 
 ther fojreiners . jfleitbcrBiBourmercbantsonelpempIoptbcir otone€nglifbfl>lpp'ng btfcje 
 mciitiancB,but funojp Grangers alfo ; a? namelp, Candiots, Ragufeans,Siclians.Genouezes, 
 Vene dan galliavTes, Spanifh ana Portugale (hips, 911 Vutjtf I) particulars Boe m : l? eutoentlp ap< 
 pcare out ofccitaineattncitHtitgierbaokesoftbeR.W.i^ir William Locke jperccr of Lon. 
 don, ofs§)ir William Bowyer^loerman of London, of matter Iohn Grefham, anoofotljers; 
 tuhtc!) 31 Richard HakluytbaueotltgentlpperufcBanoeopieaout, 9nal)erefo?autl)0?itus fafee 
 31 accaimerc, as a thing not impertinent to tljisputpofe, a letter of king Henry tbe eight, iinto 
 Don Iohn trje tljtr0,king Of Portugale, 
 
 A letter of the king of England Henry the eight, to John king 
 
 of Portugale, for a Portivgale (hipwiththc goods of lohnGrefoom. ■ 
 and Wd.Locke with others,vn!aden in Portugale from Chio, 
 
 ' EreniiTimo Principi,domino Ioanni Dei gTada Regi Portugallif ,& Algar- 
 btorumcitra & vlcra mare in Africa.ac domino Guinea;,&conquifta;,na» 
 juigationis,&commercijiEtbiopi<e,Arabia:,Perfia?,atqueIndia;,&c.Fratri, 
 i&amiconoftrochariflimo. 
 
 HenricusDci gratia,Rex Angliac&Francis, fidei defenfor, aedctni* 
 nusHibemise.Sercniiiimo Principi ; domino Ioanni eadem gtatia Regi 
 Portugallif ,& AlgarbiorQ cicra & vlrra mare in Africa,ac domino Guinef, 
 &conquiita:nauigationis J &c6mercijiEthiopia;,Arabia:,Pcriia: ) atq;Indix J &c.Fratti ! &ami- 
 conoftrochariiiimo,falute.Tantolibentius,promptiufq;iu(tasomnescaiifas veltrfSerenitatl 
 commendandas fufcipimus.quantoapertion indies noftroru,qui in ciufdem veftif Sereniiatis 
 reonoacditionenegotiantur,iubditorumtcflimoniocognofcimus, ipfamexoptimiprincipis 
 officio itaaccur^te.exadleqjiusfuumcuiqjpraeberejVt ad ca nemo iultiiisconfequinda: gta- 
 tia frutira vnquam confugiar, Ciimitaque diledtus ac tidelis fubditus nofter loannesGreP- 
 hjm mercator Londonienfis nuper nobis humiliter expofuerit, quod quida WillielmusHeith 
 iphusFaftor, fitnegotiorum gcltornauimquandamPortugallenfem cuinomeneratSandio 
 Antonio, prseiatque Diego Peres Portugalleufis iuperioiibus menfit us in Caiidia conduxe- 
 
 rit, 
 
Trade to Sio. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 ric, cumnauifq; piseKeiSo conuenerit, vt in infulam Cbium ad qualdam diucrfi generis mcrces 
 oncrandasprimonauigaret, in Candiamque mox aliarum merciumonerandarum gratia rc- 
 direc,omnes quidem in hoc noHrum regnum poftraodum aduedturus ad valorem circiter duo- 
 decimmilliumducatorum, quemadmodumexpa£tionis,conuentionifqueinftrumentoaper- 
 tiusconftit^accidiCjVtprsefatus Diego veftra:Serenitatisfubditus,diclisfufceptismercibus,& 
 jam in itincrc parum rideliter,& longc praeter initas conuentiones, grauilfimo certe uoflrorum 
 fubditorum detrimcnto.vbi in Portugallia: portum diuertiifetdententia hue nauigandi mutata, 
 ineodem portucommoretur, noftroiiimqueetiamfubdicorummerces detineat: quaminiuri- 
 am (quum lubditis nolhis in veftrs Serenitatis regno,& ab eius fubdito illata fit) exarquitate, 
 aciurtitiaabipracorrigi,emendariqueconfidinius,noftroquoquepotiffimuiiiintuitu,qui ve- 
 lira: Sereniraris ipfiufque lubditorum caufas,mercefque,fi quando in hoc noftrum regnum ap- 
 pulerint, temper commendacim'mashabemus, id quod fupcriori anno teftatifumus: proinde 
 ipfam vehementerrogamuSjVt Iohannem RatlifTe pradentium Iatorem,&: didi Iohannis Gref- 
 ham nouum conliuutum procuratorem, huiusreicaufa iftuc venientem, velit in fuis agendis, 
 in didilque bonis recuperandis, impunequeafportandisremictendifquc vec~tigalibus (quod 
 nos in veliros fubditos fecimus) quum per nauis prefeftum fraude.ac dolo iftuc men es fuerint 
 adueCtae.nifiirtic vendanturjactotodeniqueexasquitateconficicndonegotiOjficcommenda- 
 tum fuicipere, ficque ad fuos,quos opus fore intellexerk magiftratus minis liceris rem omncm 
 iuuarc , & expedire , vt perlpiciamus ex hac noflra commendacione fuiffe noflrorum fubdito- 
 rum iun, & indemnitati quam maximc coniuhum. Quod nobis gratiflimum ell futurum, & in 
 reconfimili,aur grauiori veitra Screnitas nos fibi gratificandi cupidiflimos experietur,qu£ fce- 
 licitcr valeat.ExRegianoitrade WaIrham,Die if.Odrobr. i 531. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 I"*© the !]igh ant) might)' pjmceJohn bp the pace Ot ©OD^tng Df Portugale, ano Of Algarue 
 on tins Ooeanobeponotbc feaui AfrkadojDof Ghinea, anoof thcconqueff,nautg;atiott :) aiHi 
 tcaffiqacofiEihiopia.ArabiajPcrfiaJndia^c.otirniofltieetxanDtoelueloueDbjDtljet. 
 
 Henry bp the grace of <Soo,ktng of England ano of France, oefenoerof the fattlj, ano lo?u of 
 Ireland : to Iohnb? the fame grace,kingof PortugaleanD Algarue, on this Goc ano bepono the 
 feaniAfrica^.iiDlcjDcfGhineajanDoftbcconquettjnauiptionjanotrafftqtieofAetluopia.Ara- 
 bia,Pe!fia,lndia > &c,ourmo(rocarc ann toelbeloueobjotber.fenoerh greeting;, i §>omucbp : mojc 
 toillinglp ano rcatstlp toe unocrtake tbc recomincnoing of all iuftcaufes unto pout higl;neiTe, be- 
 canfc bp the oailp tejttmqmc of our fubiects tohicl) trafftke tit pour kiniooms ano Dominions, toe 
 rrc tufo jmer>,tbat accojoingto the outie of a motttoanhp mince, fo carcfullp ami eractlp pott tm= 
 rtittcr tuSice unto ctterp maiubnt all mcnmo8toillmglp repaire Unto pour higbnclTe, toitb full 
 truSto obtamc tbefame^Oxref.stberefojeottrtoelbeloueDatiDtrum'efubiecc lohn Grefham 
 merchant of London,oflatc in bumble matter bath Ggnifieo unto us,that one William Hath his 
 Jfacfojai;o%cnt, ccttaittcmonetnsapebaohtrcDinCandieacertatne Portugale tbip calico 
 Santo Antonio, (tljepatronetoljErcof is Diego Perez) ano couenatmtfOtotti) the patrcne of tlje 
 fapo (hip.tljat lje (Itotilo firft fatle to tl;e 3!fle of Sio, to take in mercbanoi?e of funo jp fojtr s,(f then 
 cftfooncs rcr time to Candie,to be fraigbteo toitb other gooos.all tobicb he toas to bring into our 
 kingoomc of Eng! and, to the halite of 1 2000 Ducats, as bp their billes of coucnant sj agreement 
 mo jeplntnlp appearctlj:it fafel out, tljac £ afojefaio Diego pour highncs fubiect hautng recciuco 
 tl;e fato gooos^ierp trc cherottflp ft much cotrarp to his couenant,to tljecrcccotng great lolTe of out 
 fubiects, putting in bp thetoap ntto an haunt of Portugale,fj altering (jtspurpofe of coming into 
 England, ljeremainetljaillintijatljauen,ElltketoifeBctainethourfubirctsgooOB,c^l)ichimurp 
 (feeing it tsoone in pour 8pighneskingoome)toe bope pour fipigljnes totllfee refomtca acco^Dinp; 
 to cquitp $right,the rather at ourreqttcfljtohictj altoapeshaaeljao a fpccialltarenf the caufes 9 
 gaoos of pour Jpigbnes, (t of pour fubiects torjenfoetter thep come into our kittgooine, toherof toe 
 maoeppofetheiaU peerc.^Itljerefo^etoe inflantlp requeffipour $p(gi)nes,p pou tooulo fo recciue 
 John Ratcliffetljc bearer of tbefepjefent letters, st the neto appointee agent of lohn Grefham, 
 tobicb cftmethinto pouroomtntens about tljis budnes.being tlms comenoeD unto pou in this ba= 
 liaes, $ rccoueruig ft freelp banging borne of tbe fato gooos,(Hn remitting of the atfioms,toiilcne 
 tljrp toerc fola t berc(tbe like tohcteof toe oio totoaros pour fubiects) feeing bp tlje frauo frOeceit 
 ofcbcpatronoftbefi)ip ) tbetoare3toEreb?ougbttbitljir,0ffinallpinoifpatcbingptoboiematter J 
 acco jmng to ittSice, fr fo further tbe fame bp Directing pour Ijtghnes letters to pour officers tobo 
 it map con ccrne, tbat tee map perceitte , tljat our fubiects right ano libertp batb cfpcciaUp bee ne 
 maintainco upon tljis our emmenoation, CSbicb toe toill take in mofl tbankftill part , ano pour 
 Ijigbnes fijal fiuo vjb in tbe tike oj a greater matter moll reaop to gratifie pou,tobom toe told; molt 
 bcartilptoelltofare,fromouti£oui - tatWalthamtljei5,ofi©ctober 1 53 1, 
 
 31 A voyage 
 
 91 
 
w 
 
 98 TheEnglifli Voyages,Naurgations, Trade to Sio. 
 
 A voyage made with the fliippes called the Holy Qrojfe • and the 
 Uiiathew Gonfon, to the lies of Candia and Chio , about the yecre 1534 
 according to a relation made to Matter "Rtchard Hackluit, by lohn 
 WtllUmfoK, Cooper and citizen of London, who Iiued in the 
 yere 1 592, and went as cooper in the Mathetv 
 Cjonfon the next voyage after. 
 
 IJtBl Holy 
 CrofleatlDtl't 
 Mathcw Gonfon 
 
 bciMrt tcj 
 Turkic. 
 
 <STt)e Mathew 
 Gonfon goctlj 
 into Turkic. 
 
 i3jJMBgfi| IDe ffjippes calico the Holy Crofle, anti tlje MathewGonfon, maee abopage to 
 r e^C tlje 3llanDes of Candia ano Chio in Turkie, about the pecre 1534. Slim in the 
 ' Mathew uicnt as Captaine ?g>, Richaid Gonl'on,fonneof olo fatter William 
 Gonfon, papmatter of tlje kings name. Jntfcisfirttbopage toent William 
 Holftocke^ljonftcrU-arDgluasControuIIecofbetSpateflusjBatiie, lately 
 Dcccafeo)aapage to £p, Richard Gonfon afojefatD,toljtcl>t©,Gonfont)terj in 
 Chio in this bis ttrtt bopage. illjc fijip calleD tlje Holy Crofle toas a fljojt fljtppCj ano cf burben 
 itfotunnes, Sno hailing becneafuUpeerc at tbefca in pcrto?manceofth;sbopage,toitbgreac 
 Danger fljerettimcD boinc , tohere,bpon her arriuall tx Black wall, in tlje riuer cf Thames , bee 
 tone ann ople cafke teas founDfotocake,tbattheptoerc not able to hopfc tljcmoutofthettjip, 
 biit tocre conflrapnen to D?ato them as the? lap, ano put tijeit tone aim ople into neto belTcIs,ano 
 fotobilaDetljeQjtppc. t£heircbiefefraigl)t, toasberperccllent ^ufcatels aitD reo'spabncBe, 
 the lilutobetcof tocre fecloomefentebefoje in England, Cbrpb?oi!gljtljomealfogoocr,ttanu> 
 tieoftoeeteopIcs,rottonuiDo!les,'£ur&ie£arpets,(6alles,Cpnamon,flno{bmeotbctfpiccs, 
 ^(jc faioe (1 ippe calleD tlje Holy Crofle bias fo fo.ken in this bopage , ano fo tocakeueo , that 
 flje mas laps Dp ra tbc oocke,anD neucr maoe bopage after. 
 
 Another voyage to the lies of Qtndia and Qhio made by the fhippe 
 the UUatbew Gonfon, about the yeere 1535, according to the rela- 
 tion oilohnWilhamfoH, then Cooper in the fame fhip , made 
 to M. %icbard Hackhiit in the yeere 1 502, 
 
 ■^^ jllf fl § e S 00l > f&tPP e cau * eD dtf Mathew Gonfon , of butuen 3 co tunncs , toljereof 
 
 #^g& toas otoner olo 2£) .William Gonfon, pap-matter of tlje kings Jftattie, maoe her 
 
 fffiM bopage in tlje pere irj;35-31n this tbip toent as Captaine Richard Gr3y,tojo long 
 
 ^ after Dieo in Rufsia. pallet William Holftockc aftcrtoaro Controuller of tlje 
 
 I Huecnes j®auie toent tljen as purfer in tlje fame bopage. Clje Spatter teas 
 
 one lohn Pichet,fertianttOolD S3. WilliamGonfon, lames RumnieluasS^aRerSinate, %\)Z 
 matter cooper bias lohn Williamfon citizen of London, liiiing in tlje pcere 1 59 2,anD Otoe King 
 mSantDunftonspariffjtntljedJalf. ©be SI9.<$unnetbJasiohn Godfrey of Briitoll. 31 a this 
 fljtp bjcre 6 gunners anb 4 trumpettets.aU tohic!) fonre trumpctters at our retutne Ijomebjaros 
 toent onlanb at Mefsina in tljejlano of Sicilians our lljip roaD tljere at ankers gat them into the 
 (Sallies tljat lap neerc bnto bs, § in them bient to Rome. Cbe tohole number of our companie in 
 tljts fljip toere about 1 00, men, toe Vuere alfo furnifljeo teitb a great bote, toljicb toas able to carp 
 1 o turmes of toater.bJhicfj at our returne homctoaros toe totocD all tlje toap from C hio bntill tee 
 came tljiouglj the ftraight of ©ibaltar into tlje maine SDcean. SBe hao alfo a great long boat ano 
 a Cluff.JOe toerc out bpon tljts bopage eleuen monetljs, pet in all this time there Dies of ficfencHe 
 but one man,t»hofe name boas George Forreft, being feruant to our Carpenter calico Thomas 
 
 Plummet . 
 
 3!n a great Ipgier bcoke of one William Eyms, feruant bnto feirWilliamBowyer'ai' 
 Herman of London, bearing Date the 1 5 of jaouember 1533, anD eontinueD bntill the 4 of 3I«l? 
 1 544, 31 tuffi that Ije the fato William Eyms bias facto? in Chio, not onlpfo? his £©aller, but al= 
 fo fo? the nuke of Norfolkes grace, 9 fo? manp otljcr nio?(bipfuI marchants of London , among 
 tuljom 31 fino the accompts of tljefe efpeciallp, to toit, of bis faio Q9atter,ftr William Bowyer, of 
 
 William f Nicholas Wilford S3arcljant-taplo?S of London, of Thomas Curtis pebJterer , Of 
 lohn Starky Sperrer, of William Oltrige S0arcbant , $of Richard Field D?apcr. 3nD further 
 31 finn in the fato ligier booke, a note of the faio Eyms, of all fuclj goobs as he left in tbehanoS of 
 Robert ByeinChio, boljo became bis spatters facto? in bis roome,anb anotljerlike note of parti* 
 culersof gooos that he left in tljeijanbs of 01iuerLeffbn,feruant to William anoNkholas Wil- 
 ford.3nDfo?p?oofeoftljecontinuanceofthistraDebntiUtljcenDof tlje pcere 1 j j2. 3ifounb 
 anner cb bnto the fomter note of tlje goobsleft toitlj Robert Bye in Chio, a letter being oatco 
 the 27 of |5ouember 1552 in London* 
 
 The 
 
Sir Tho, Qhaloner, Traffiques and Difcouer ies. 99 
 
 The Epitaph of the valiant Efquire M. Teter \ead in thefouth 
 lie of Saint Peters Church in the citie o(7^orwich , which was knighted by 
 Charles the fift at the winning of Tunis in the yeere of our Lord 1538. 
 
 HCrebnoer Ipetb the co?pcs of Peter Reade Cfcwire, tohohath toojtbilp feraeo.not onelp 
 his P/tnce ano Countrep , hut alto the ©mperour Charles the oft , both at his caiiqueff 
 ofBarbarie,anoathisfiegeacTunis,aBalfoin other plates . GItho fjao gwen tnni bv thefapo 
 Cmpcrour fo j hts ualtant neeoes the oj&er of Barbary, 2H!)a opeb the 20 oap of December, in 
 thepeereofourJLajB (Sod 1566, 
 
 The voyage of Sir TI)omas Chaloner to -Alger with CW/w the fift 
 1 5 4 1 , drawen out of his booke Be Republic* 
 
 nAnglorttm inttawanda. 
 
 ^ g-gy* a ?iTagS | HomasChaloneruspatriaLondinenfiSjftudioCantabrigenfiSjCducationcau- 
 S^ licus,religionepius,verequeChri(tianus fuit. Itaque cum inuenilem a;tatem, 
 iffig) mentemq; fuam humanioribus fludijs roboraffet, Domino Henrico Kneuetto 
 ■Ss^i a potentilliino rege Henrico eius nominis o&auo ad Carolum quinrum impe- 
 _ 5^!e^S ratorero tranfmiflo legato, vnacumilloprofe£tuseft,tanquamfamiliarisami- 
 cus, vdcideinaconfllijs. Quoquidem tempore Carolo quinto naualicertamine a Genua 
 & Corficain Al^yram 111 Atr;ca contra Turcas claffem foluenteachoftiliterproficifcente,or- 
 natiflimo illo Kneuetto legato regis, Thoma Chaloncro, Henrico KnolIeo,& Henrico Ifamo, 
 illulinbus viriseundem in ilia cxpeditione fuapce fpontc fequentibus,pariterque militantibus, 
 mirifice vitam fuam Chalonerus tutatus eft, Nam trirenu iila,jn qua fuerat, vel fcopulis allifa, 
 vel grauiflimis procellisconquaflata ,naufraguscumfediunatatu defendiflet, deficientibus 
 vinbus.brachijsmanibufquelanguidis ac quaii eneruatis, prehenla dennbuscum maxima 
 difficultacerudenti, qua: ex altera triremi iampropinqua turn fuerat eie&a, non fine dentium 
 aliquotum ia&ura ac fra&ura Ce(e tandem recuperauit, ac domum integer relapfus eft, 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 THomasChaloner toas bp birth a Lcmdiner.bp ffuoie a Cantabrigian.b? eUUtation a COW- 
 tier,bp rcligic n a ocuout ano true Chnutan. 3Lberfo?cafter he hao confirmee his pouth ano 
 mince in the flumes of goon learning;, tohen &>ir Henry Kneuet toag fent ambaflaoour from the 
 nit jbtp pjtnre Henry the 8. to the <£mperour Charles the fift, he toent toith htm as hts famtliac 
 fricno.oias one of his £ounceu\3ttohicb time the fain Charles the j. pairing ouer from Genoa 
 ano Corficato Alger in Africa in toarltke ftnt.toitb amightp armp bp fea,that honorable Kneuet 
 
 the kings ambaflJDOtir,Thomas Chaloner.Hcnry KnolleSjanb Henry lfham, right too Jtbp per= 
 
 fens, of their otone atcojo accoropanieo him in that erpeoitton, jferueo him in that toarre, tebec= 
 in ThomasChaloner efcapeo mofl toonoerfullp toith bis life, jfo? the gallp inherent he teas, be< 
 ingfirlierQafiHQagairatht'rockcB^iftakenlmthmtgtjtpGonneSjancf^caflaiuav.aftcrljchats 
 fatten himrelfe along tohilebprtoimming.toben his fireng^bfaileobtm,bisarmes$ bancs being 
 faint ano toearp.tottb great Difficult? taping holutottb his teeth on a cable, tohicb teas call out 
 of the nert gallp, not totthout breaking ano lofie of certaine of bis tec tb,at length recouereD htn^ 
 f elf c, aiic recur neo home into his countrep in fafctp. 
 
 The voyage of M. Q{oger Bodenhamwkh thegreat Barke Aucher 
 to Cttndia, and Chio, in the yeere 1550. 
 
 j9 the peere 1 5 50, the 1 3 of jliouember 31 Roger Bodenham Captaine of the ' 
 > Bartte 8ucber entereo thefaiD Qjip at Grauefend,foj mp fcoiage to the 3Hanos of 
 I Candia ano Chio in the Leuant. "She matter of mp fbip toas one William Sher- 
 wood. jfromchtncetoe&cparttDto rilbery hope, ano there remaineotoith con- 
 jratietoinoesDntilltheiS.ofJIanuarpi^yi* <Ibe6of3!anuarie,tbe;!p.cameto «&* isarki 
 Tilbery, ano 31 ban pjouiceo a fkilfull ppiot to carp me ouer the lands eno, tobote name toas sp. JJ^JJ"J|* 
 Wood,ano totth all fpeeoe 31 baleo ootone that night 10 miles to take the tine in the moping, 
 tohtch happtlp J did, ano that night came to D ouer, ano there came to an anker ,anc there tcmai> 
 neb bntill tuefoap, meeting toitb the toojthp knight tie Anthony Aucher otoner of the fame top, 
 
 31 ij %\yi. 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
Matlofe*. 
 
 McOinj. 
 
 ■5Tb! ■STurfte 
 piepareth an 
 a r Hif> to be> 
 (lege .Malta. 
 
 ■ iwii i i ■ ii i wm ■ r«-nw— i _^. 
 
 ioo TheEnglifli Voyages,Nauigations, %ogefBodenham. 
 
 %\)i 1 1 oap &>e arriuca in Plimoih, ana tbe 1 3 in tlje mo?ntng toe fet fo?toa?o on out bopage 
 ©in) ap?ofptrou8 toinoe, ana tlje 1 6 toe Ijao light of Cape Finiiler on tbe coaB of Spaine. 
 v <E*ije 3 o toe arriuea at Cades, ana there oifcbargeo cercaine marchanBife, ana tooke other* 
 aboo?B, 
 
 Clje 20 of jFcb?uarp toe aepartcB from Cades,?pau"eB tbe flraigbts of Gibraltar t&ac night, 
 ano the 25 toe came to tlje 31 le of Mallorca, ana flat to there Sue Dales toitij contrary toinaes. 
 
 ■Ehe firft of Sparclj, toenail fight of Sardenna, anB tie fift of tlje fata momb toee arrtuea at 
 M effina in Siolia, ana tbere aifebargea mucb gooos, ano remaineo t^ere bnttll gooa jfrpaap in 
 
 iCHt. 
 
 Cbe cbt'efe marcljant that Iaaea tbe fapa T13arke aueber toas a marrijant ftranger calico An. 
 felm Salua^o, ana becaufe tbe time toas tljenberpBangerous, ana no goingintoLeuant.efpe-- 
 ciallp to Chio,tot,tbottt a fafe conouct from tbe 'Surke jtfje faia Anfelm p?omifca tlje otonf r hit 
 Anthony Aucher.t^attoEfljotiloreccittetljefameatMeitina. I5ut 31 toas poflca from tbence 
 to Candia, ana there ji toas anfiuerea tljat 31 fljoulB fena to Chio , ana there 31 fljeulo baue mp 
 fafc ronoucc 31 toa.8 fo?cea to fena one, ana bee (jao bis anfwerc thatthe 'CurketooulB giue 
 none,totlling me to loose tobat toas belt fo? me to ooe, toljiclj toas no fmall trouble to me, comi-- 
 Bering 31 toas bouno to celiucr the gooos tljat were in the (hip at Chio,o? fena them at mine>aa= 
 ttemure. %\)t marcbaiitstoitljoutcareoftljcloffeof thefljm tooulaljaue compelleometogoe, 
 0? fena their 50002 at mine arttenture, tlje tobicb31 acnieo,ano fapa plainer? 31 toouia net goc,be= 
 caufe tlje Curkes gallies lucre come fo?tlj to goe againft Malca,but bp the JTrench kings means, 
 hetoasperfmaaeo to leaueMa!u,anti to gecto Tripoly in Baibary.tohtcb bpthe jfrencljljrtoan. 
 3Jrt tbis time there toere in Candia certaine burkes Dctfels calico Skyrafas, toljich Ijao biougljt 
 toheattbitbertofcll,aHt)toerereaBptoBepartfb? Turkic 3na tbep aeparteatn the morning be 
 timeSjCarping netoes that 31 inoulo not goe foonh: the fame night 31 p?rparea befo?eljanoe 
 tobat 31 thought gooa, toitljout making anp man p?iuie, bnttll 31 fatoetime, ©Jjen 31 bao no 
 fmall bttCncBc to caufe mp mariners to venture toith the (hip in fuclj a mnntfeff Banger, mwt* 
 theleffe 31 toan them to goe all toitb me, ercept th?eetobicb 31 fet on lana.ana toitb all otligence 31 
 toas reaaie to ftt foo?tlj about eight ofttjc clocke at nigbt,being a faire mocne Qjtne night,? toent 
 out. TOjen mp 3 marciners maae fucb requeffs bnto tlje reft of mp men to come abo?ae, as 3 toajs 
 conttrainea to take tljnn in. 3no fo toitb gooa toina toe putinto the Archipelago^bemg among 
 the 3Hanos the toinoe fcantea , ? 31 toas fo?cea to anker at art 3Jlano callea Micone, tobcre 31 ta= 
 rtea 1 o 01 1 2 Baics.bauing a gcecke pilot to carrie crjc (hip to Chio,3|n tbis meane fcafon,tbere 
 came manp fmall botes tottbmptfonfaples to goe foi Chio , toitb aiuetfe gooos to fell, 9 'be 1?i« 
 lot recHte3eB me tljat 31 taouuTlet tbcm goe in mp companp, to tobiclj 3! peelaea. after the fapae 
 Bapes erptrea,3l toapea $fet faile fo? tlje 31lanaof Chio.uiith toljicb place 31 felintbe after noone, 
 tobereupon 31 call to featoarB againe to come toitb tlje 31lana in the mbmittg betimes. %be foje* 
 faia fmal aeffels tohicb came in mp companp ,oepartca frcm me to totn tbe ftjo?e,to get in v nigbt, 
 hut upon a fuaoett tljep efptea 3 fopftes of burkes commingbpon tbem to fpople tbem. spp lpi< 
 lot,bauing a fonnc in one of tljofe fmall beffels,entrctea me to caft about totoaras them, tobicb at 
 ijt'S requeft 31 aia, ana being fome tbing farce from tbem, % caufca mp ©unner to fljoot a aemp» 
 colueringat a fopfltbat toas reaaie to enter one of tbe botes, djtstoasfobappp a Bjott,tbat it 
 maoetljeCurketofallaftetHeoftbeboteanotoIeauchim, bp tbe tobicbmcanesbccefcapea, 
 ■SDljen tljep all came to me, ano requelleo that tbep migbt bang at mp Cerne bntill aap light , bp 
 toljidj time 3! came before tbeS^oIe of Chio, ano fent mp bote en lana to tlje marcljants of that 
 place to fena fo; t heir gooos out of Ijano, 0? elfe 31 toouia returne back toitb all to Candia,? tljep 
 fljoulafctcbtbeirgooastbcre.35utin8ne,tobatbpperftoat!onofmp merchants Cngliuj men,? 
 thofe of Chio, 31 toas entreatca to come Into tbebarbour, ana baa a fafc aflurancefoj ao Bapes a* 
 cot totone of gainft tbe burkes armp, toitb a bono cf the citie in tlje fumme of 1 2000 Bucats.£?o 31 matcljatt 
 ^ b 12000 d"? ? Colae fuel) gooos as 31 bao to burkes tljat came thitljer,? put allin o?aer,toitlj as mucb tpeeac 
 ?Y fltB te ' h ag ^ CDt,It, » fearing tbe comming of tlje Curkes nauie, of tlje tobich, tlje cbiefe of tlje citie kneto 
 tsarkc Auch«. right tncU€>o upon tbe fuoaen tbep callea me of great frienahjtp,? in fecrct tola we, J baa no toap 
 to fatte mp felfe but to be gonc,fo? faia tljep,te t be not able to aefena pou,tljat are not able to Ijelp 
 ottr fclues,foi the Curkc tobere be commetlj, t akc tlj tobat he toill, ? Ieauetb tobat he lift, but tbe 
 rbicfcoftlj.'Curkcsfctoiacrp none fljal ao anp barmctotije people 01 to tljctrgooas.'Cbiistoa* 
 fudjnetos to mc.tljat inaceB 31 toasatmp toits ena,?toasb;ougljt into manp imaginations Ijoto 
 to ao, fo? tbat tlje toinae toas contrarie, 3n fine, 31 BetermincB to goe fooitb. It5uc the marcbanttf 
 Cngltlb men ana other regarBing moie tbeir gaines tljen tbe ujip.btnaerea me uerp mucbin mp 
 purpofe of going foojtlj, ana maae tbe marriners to come to me to ocmauna tbeir toages to be 
 papca tbem out of Ijanae, ana to Ijauc a time to employ tbe fame tljcre. 35ut 03oo pjouioeo fo fo? 
 
 me, 
 
 €tie i$(itfte 
 AuchcratMi- 
 
John Locl^e. Traffiques and Difcoueries. * 101 
 
 mc,tUat3! pateDtljemcIjcirniaueptfj.u ntg^c, ano tljeucDargfotUcm, tija.c tftbep uicuioaotuc ,_. 
 
 tlje ftjip fooich,3 tooulo make tbem to anftoere the fame ia Eng)and,toith fcanget of their benos. Smi'mriftme! 
 
 <@anp tocre matrieo in England ano ^au fotnemljat to loofc^tljoCc tno ftirhe to mc.31 IjaDttoeluc £ 5 ,' , "' n " !c:r 
 
 gunners: the Staffer gunner tobotoasammDeb;tapneDfelloto,aimthe oluncrs fcruant baoa **"•'" 
 
 parlamcntbcttoecnetbcmfelues, aim be upon t!jc fame tame up to me toittj !jie ftuop Djatoen, 
 
 ftDeavittg tbat bee Ijao piomtfco the o toner &k Anthony Auchcr , to hue ano Die in tlje fepce 
 
 ftjippe againft all tbat ftjoulD offer anp Ijarme to tlje ujippe, ano that be tooulD Gg^t tout) the lrljole 
 
 armieof the tiurkes.anDnrucr pceloc : toitb this felloto 3 hao much to Doe, but at tlje laft 
 
 31 mane Ijim confeffe bis fault ana foilotoe mine aouife. 3LljU8tosth mucb labour 3 gat out of 
 
 tbe^oIeofChio.intothefcabptoarpingfoo^b.toitlj thchdpe of tiSenouefes botes, anoa 
 
 jfrenclj bote that toas in tlje S^olc; ano being out (Son fent mecafpcciallgaleof totnsc togoe 
 
 mptoap. ®hcn3caufcoapeecetobemotteofffojfomeofmpmenthattoerepct inihetomne, 
 
 ^ ioitlj mucb nDoe tljep came aboojD,ana t^en 31 fee faple a litrle liefo?c oneof tlje ano 31 
 
 maoe all tlje faplc 31 coulo, ano about tialfe an houre pall ttoo of the clocke there came fcuen gal= <|6* ^ntftca 
 
 lies iucaChio to flap tbe ftjippe: aim theaDmirallof themtoasinagreat ragcbecaufclhctoas mVtktiS"" 
 
 gone. Qltljercupon tljep putfomeof the heft in p?ifon, ano tookeallthemencf tljet!jjecflj:ps ****'«?*« 
 
 lBhid) 31 left in thepojt.aimputtljcm into the (Sallies, EheptooulD IjaucfoIlotoeD after mee, 
 
 buc tljat the totoncs men fonno mcancs thep Din not , "Che nejt Dap came thither a huuojtcD mo je 
 
 of OSallies, ano there carieDfo^tljeirtoholecampanie., tohicb being together tocre about ttoo 
 
 fcimojeo $ 50 faplc .taking their toopage foj tofurpjife the 3lairo of Malta, "Slje nert oap after 
 
 31 oeparceo, 31 hat> the light of Candia, but 31 toas ttoo napes after 01 euer 31 coulo get in, toljere 
 
 31tbougl)t mp felfc out of their oaungcr. 3Dbere 31 contmueDbntill the burkes arnrte tons 
 
 pad.toho came toitljintlje fight of the totonc&bere toas preparation maoe as though the Curks 
 
 ijao come thither , ©here be in that 3lanoof Candiamanp baiuajeo men, tljat liuecontitroallp 
 
 in the mountaincs , thep came notone to feme , to tlje number of foure 0? flue thoufano , thep f ,ne t&oniaim 
 
 are gaoo archers, euecp one toitljbts botoe ano atrotoes.a fuio ?D aim a Dagger, totth long baire, j'J£ ,l L" n,c " 
 
 ano bootes tljat reaclj bp to tbeir gnne, ano a ujtrc of male, banging tlje one Ijalfe befoje, anD tije " ' "' 
 
 otberhalfebehume, tbefetoerefeutatoapagaine aflooncas the armte toas pall, 'ifcljep toouln 
 
 Djinketoineotitof alimeafure. ^ben tbe armie being patt, 31 IaBeo mpfijippetoicljtoiiiesaim 
 
 otber tbings : aim fo after 31 bao tljat tobicb 33 left in Chio, 3] oeparteo fo? Meffina. 3n the toap 
 
 31 founo about Zante , certaine ©alliots of burkes , laping abom of certame oeifels of Venice 
 
 labeit toitb Spufcatels : 3 refcueo tljem , ano Ijao but a barrcll of toine fo 1 mp potooer ano 
 
 fl)*t: anD toitljin a feto oapes after 3 came to Medina, 3 ban inmp fhippea §>paniflj pilot callett 
 
 Noblezia.tobiclj 3 tookeinat Cades at mpcommingfoojtlj : be toent toitb me all tbis nop* 
 
 age into the Leuant toitljout toages, of goon toill tbat be bare me anD the ftjippe , be ftoooe me i« 
 
 gooDfteeoe Dntill3 came backe againeto Cades, ano tljen 3 necDeo no pilot, 9tm fo from 
 
 tljence3cametoLondontoiththe(hippeanD gooDsinfafetie,<SoD be pjapfeD, 9nDaHt\jofe 
 
 Spariners tljat toete in mp fapo ujippe , tobiclj toerc,beBDes bopes, t!j?eefco?e anD tenne , fo? tbe 
 
 mottpart tocre tottbin fiue oj drepeeres after, able to take cljarge , anD Din, Richard Chancel- «9an«- Richard 
 
 ler , toljo ficfl DifcouercD Ruflia,tuas toitb me in tbat bopagejauD Machew Baker, tobo aftcrtoasD ^JSSJhw 
 
 iecamctbfCitteenes^aiefiiescbiefeujip-tojtgbt. Ealser - 
 
 The voyage of M . John Locke to Ierufalem. J 
 
 tfl mp bopage to Ierufa!em,3 imbarkeD mp felfe tlje 2 6 of Sparclj 1553m the 
 goos ftjippe calico the Mathew Gonfon,tobicb toas boanD fo? Liuotno, 0? Lc- 
 gome aim Candia, 3 1 fell out tljat toe tottcheo in the beginning of (3p?ilt nert 
 ^ enfuing at Cades in Andalozia , tobere tlje S)pamarDes, acco?Ding to their ac« 
 cuftomeo maner toitlj all ftjippes of ertraomiuarie gooones ano burDen, pickets 
 a quarrell againft tije companp, meaning tobauefo?feiteo,o? at tljeleaft to 
 batie arrefteD tlje faiD ujippe. 3nD tbep greto fo maliciousin tbeir to jongfull purpofe , tljat 3 be- 
 ingotterlp out bfijdpe of anp fpeeoie releafc , to the enoe that mp intention fljoulD not be ouer^ 
 tb?otoen, teas info jccd to take this courfcfollototng, j9ottoitbftanDingtljtsb*itD beginning, 
 it fell out fo lucktlp, tbat 3 founD in tbe roaoe a great ftjippe calleo tlje Caualla of Venice, toljer^ 
 in after agreement maoe tottbtbepatron,3 ftjippeD mp felfe tlje 24,of <$ap in tlje faio perc 1 5 5 j, 
 ano the 2 5 bp reafon of the toiimeblototngbarDanD contrarp,toc tocre not able to enter tlje ftraits 
 of Gibraltar , but toere put to the coaft of Barbarie,tohere toe anfeereo in tlje maine fea 2,league» 
 from ujo?e, aim cont imteo fo unt ill ttoo boures before funne fet.ano then toe toeigljeD againe,ano 
 turneo our ceurfe tamxw tbe S>traitS,tobcrc toe cntcrco the 2 6oav afojeftpmbe tomoe being 
 
 31 3 toerp 
 
 
 
ioi The Englifb VoyageSjNauigations, Mm Locke. 
 
 berp calme, but i jjc current of tlje fxraitea berp fauourable, W&e fame Dap tbe totnoe beganne to 
 rife fometoljat, ano bleto a furtljmng gale, airo fo contiiutCD at jfto Jtbtoeil bntill toe arriuco at 
 Legome the tljtrb of June. 3na from tljcncc ctotng ouer lano bnto Venice , 31 pjepareo fcj mp 
 bopagetolerufalemin tlje pilgrimes fbtppe. 
 
 3 Iohn Locke, accompanteDtottl)9paiftcc Anthony Raft wold , toitt) aittcrs atijtr , 5>oIIan^ 
 CcrSj^eianDcrs.aimainesanD jfrcncljpilgrimes eucereothe gooQ fbippe calleo FilaCauena 
 of Venice, tbe i<5 of 3iulp 155 3, ano tlje 17 in tlje moving toe toetgbeo cur anker ano fapleo 
 totoarocStljecoafMIitria.iotljepojtofRouigno, ano tljcfaio Dap there came aboaro of our ujin 
 tlje Perceuena of tlje fbippe namco lamifan,fbjtorecctuet!jcrcfi of alltbcpilgrimes monep, 
 tobiclj toasin all after tlje rate of 5 5 . £rotoncs fo; cuerp nun fo? tljat bopage, after ttje rate of 
 fine ffjillmgs Barling to tlje crotone : 3Lljis bone, be rcturnen to Venice. 
 
 'iZLlje 1 9 oap toe tooke freuj bictttals aboaro,anD toitlj tlje bote that b.iottgljt tlje freft pjoutGon 
 toetoentonlanDtotljc^otone,an5tocnttofcetljeiCl)i!rtljofSanaa£ufemia,toljeretoefau;e 
 ttjeboBieof tlje fapb^aint, 
 
 3>lje 20 oap toceDeparteo from Rouignio, ano about noonc toe baofigbt of Monte deAn- 
 cona, atxD tlje tjillf s of Dalmatia , 0? dfe of Sclauonia botlj at one time , ana bp repo jc tljep are 
 1 00. miles Dtffant from eclj tber, aim mo?c. 
 
 ■©be 21 toe raplcoffi'l in Ggljt of Dalmatia, anb alitle before noone, toeljao figtjt of a cocfte 
 in tlje miDff of tlje fea, calico in Jjtalian , i 1 Pomo, it appeared a farre off to be in fljapc like a fu* 
 gatloafr. 9lfo toe fatee anotber rocke about ttoo miles compaffc calico Sant Andrea: on ttjis 
 rocke is onelp one Sponafi ertcof jf riers : toe fapleb bettocene tljcm both, ano left S .Andrea on 
 tbeleftljanoof bs, ano toebao alfo kenning of another Jlano calico Lifla, allontbeiefttjonDc, 
 tljcfe tljjee JiIanDs lie £att anb &Hett in trje fea, ano at funne fctting toe Ijao paffeb tljem. II po- 
 mo is oittant from Sane Andrea 18 miles, anb S.Andreafrcm Lifla 10 miles, ano Liffa from 
 anotljer 3iIano calico Lezina,toijicljfianDctljbettoeenetrjeniainc of Dalmatia anb Lifla, tenne 
 miles. 1£rjis Jlano is inbabiteo, anb Ijattj great plentie of toine anb frutcs, ano hereagainfl toe 
 toerebecalmco. 
 
 ■iillje 22 toeljao figbt of another fmall Jlanocalleo Catza, tobiclj is oefolate ano oh tlje left 
 jjano, ano on the right bano, a berp oangerousjlano calleo Pehgofa, tresis alio oefolate, ano 
 Ipettj in tlje miDff of tlje fea bettoeene botlj tlje maines ; it is berp Dangerous ano loto lano, ano it 
 Ijatlj a longleoge of rotkes Iping out fire miles in to tlje fea, fo tljat manp ujipa bp nigljt are call 
 atoapbpontbem. Nereis bettoeene Catza ano Pelagol'a 3oiniles,anDcbefettoo3iIanosare 
 Oitlant from Venice 400 miles. 'Sljere is alfo about ttoelue miles eaGtoaro, a great 3liano cal* 
 leo AuguiIa,about 1 4 miles in lengttj, fbmetoljat billie,but toell inljabtteo,aRO f ruttfull of bines, 
 co jne ano otljer fruir,tljis alfo toe left on tbe left Ijano : $ toe ijaue bitberto kept our cottrfe from 
 RouignioCafifoutljeaff, 'CljtsgianoisbnDer tbe <§>io;mojie o?gGuerueineHtofRagufa,iti0 
 oifiant from Ragufa 50 miles, ano ttjere is bp tljat Jlano a greater, nameo Mdeda.toljicb is al« 
 fo bnoer ttje gouernement of Ragufa, it is about 3 o miles in lengtlj.ano inljabiteD,anD batlj gooo 
 pontes, it Ipetbbp^afl from Augufta, ano ouer againfl ttjis 3J!ano ipetlj a bill calleo Monte S. 
 Angelo,bpontbe coaflof Pugliain Italy, ano toeljao Ggljt of botlj lances at onetime, 
 
 ■She 23toefaplcoalltbcoaplongbp tbe botolinealongtt tbe coatt of Ragufa, ano totoaroeis 
 nigljt toe toere toitljin 7 0} 8 miles of Ragufa , tbat toe migljt fee tbe totjite toalles, but becaufe 
 it toas nigbt, toe call abo lit to the fea.minoing at tlj e fecono toatctj, to beare in againe to Ragufa, 
 fo?toknoto tlje netoes of tlje burkes armte, but tlje toinoebletofoljaro ano contrarp.that toe 
 coulo not. tEbis citie of Ragufa paictlj tribute to tlje 3£urke perelp fourtecne tljoufano !g>eclji< 
 nos, ano tucrp S>ccljino is of benetian monep ctgljtliuers ano ttoo foloes, befioes otber pjefcnw 
 tobiclj tljep giue to tlje burkes 3r5aflastob?.n tbep come tljrtber, VLi>z Venetians bane a rocke 
 0? cragge iaitVjin a mile of tlje fain totone , fo? tbe tobtcb tbe Ragufeos tootflo giue tljem murb 
 monep, but tljep ooe keepeitmo?efo?tljenamefake,tbenfo?p?ofite. 'EW rocke Irettj on the 
 ^outtjfiDe of tlje totone, ano is calleo llcromo,tljeretsfnotbingon itbutonelp a gponallerie 
 calico Santleronimo, %%t mat'ne of tbe burkes ccuntrie isbojoeringonittoitljinonemile, 
 fo?tbetobicbca«fe tbep are in great fubicctton. Fiji's nigljt toec toere put backe bp contratrie 
 toinDcs.anoanfecreo at Melleda. 
 
 Clje 24 being at an anker bnocr Melleda , toe tooulo tjane gone on lano , but tlje toinoe came 
 fofaire tljat toe piefentlpfetff.plc ano tocnt our courfe, ano left on tlje rigtjt banoof bstbe foie» 
 nameojlano, anoontbe left Ijanobcttoeene bs anotbemainetbe3ianDof Zupanna,anDtoitlj* 
 inamileoftljatbnoer tbe mainebp^att.anotljerjlano calleo H'ola de Mczo.CbtS SlanDbatfj 
 ttoo aponalleties in it, one talleo Santa Maria de Bizo, ano tbe Otbcr Sant Nicholo. 9lfo 
 
 t^ere isatljtro rocke toitlja $ rieric calleo Sane Andrea : tljefe Jlanosareftcmtbemaisiebut 
 
 ttoo 
 
 STht frjipTil:i 
 
 Caucns bepat^ 
 tttO fej leiufo. 
 lem, 
 
 RouignioapOH 
 Ulllliu. 
 
 SinSti Eufr mi,i. 
 
 Monte de An. 
 com. 
 
 11 pomo. 
 Sane Andrea. 
 
 Lifla an 3lant>. 
 
 Ltxina Hand. 
 
 Catia, 
 Pclagofa. 
 
 Augufta. 
 Meledi. 
 
 Monte Sant 
 Angelo, 
 
 Ragurapatcu) 
 14000. Se« 
 ttitnos to tlje 
 blithe perelp. 
 
 n Crono. 
 
 Zupanna. 
 
 Ifelade Mcio. 
 
 Sant And tea- 
 
lohn Locke. Traffiques and Difcouenes. io? 
 
 tuiomtlcs, anDtfjecbaniiellbettoeeneMelleda ano Zupannate liuttourco? fi.te miles cmrbp 
 gcffi2,butuerpcerpe,foitoebaoacanankerfo£ucfat!ioms. ^CljettoolJlarDs of Zupanna aria 
 Mezo are lucll inljabitctij anouctp fatrc builomga, bttc notbiiui/plenttefatictomcoiiclp. &'&& 
 nigljt totoaro fuime fct it toarco calme, ano toe faplco little oj notbmgr* 
 
 <£lje 24toetoercpaflRagufa ^milfS.anotberctoe mctte toitijttoo Venetian ujips,tt;b!Clj 
 came from Cyprus, tee tljougbt tljcp toouto Ijauc fpoken.tottb us, foj toe toere otfiraus to wlfce 
 touljtbem,tokuotoetbenctocsoftbe€utkcs armie, aim to Orate fent fomt frttcrelip tl-em to 
 Venice. Sbcut uoortc, toe Ijao fcanc figljt of Cartel nouo, tobicb Cafrcll a fctoepecres pafttlje Cafllcnouo - 
 ■Eurke tooke from tbe Cmpcrouc, in toljtclj figbt tocre flnine tljjec bttao?eo ^patitfi) foitloicrs, 
 befiDestbe reft tobicb toeretakcnpjtfoners, ano maor galliellnues. 'Eb'SCaflcll isbato at tbe 
 moutbof ac!jamrellcalIeoBocadeCacaro,^e23enctta»sI)atttal;olDtoitl)!nt^c|)cmKelIcal= boo j e cauro. 
 IeoCacaro.tljis cljannellgoecbbp to Budoa, ano furtbecbp into tb? countrep, Wbotit funncfee ca' a " 9n " iC 
 toe tocre ouet againft tbe billes of Antiueri in Sclauonia, in tbe luljtctj billes tbe Qenetians Ijaue BuJ ua .'_ 
 atottmecalleo Antiueri, ano tbe burkes baueanotljcragainit it caUeDMarcheuecti.tljc toljidj ^awMitti. 
 ttoo totones continuallp fkirmiuj togetljcr toitlj mucb fiattgbtcr, 3t tbe eno of tbefe fjiis enoctt) ■*<)* *»* ° f ' 
 tbe Countrep of Sclauonia, ano Albania beginnctlj . 'S.rjefe billes are tljirtte miles Distant rw^nwi 
 
 frOlllRagufa, Of Albania. 
 
 dje 27toekept our courfe totoaros Puglia , ano left Albania on tbe left bnno, 3Clje 28,toe 
 baofigbtof botbtbemauies.buttoetoerenecrcrthecoau'of Puglia,fojfe<ireof jfoptfcs.ijtis Va & y »- 
 bettoecne Cape Chimera iu Albania ano Cape otranto in Puglia <5o miles', Puglia ts a plaine rapVciiimmt 
 lotolanoejanoChiinerain Albania is berp Ijiglj lano ,fot!jaticis feenetbefurtber, Qfyw fap^ c 8p «<Wd; 
 ling our courfe along tbe coaHof Puglia ,toe fato oiuerfetolnte ^otoers, toljtclj ft rue fo? fca- 
 markes, about tb?ce of tlje clocke in tlje after noonc, toe Ijao figijt of a rocke calleo II fano, "f"». 
 43milesfrom Corfu, ano bputnnerettoeoifcoucreoCorfu.'&bus toe kept on ourcourfctoitb Corfu. 
 a p?ofperous toinoe, ano maoe our toap after ttoclue mile euerp boure.spofl part of tins )aa^ toe 
 toere accompanieotoicbcectainefiujeg calleo in tbe atalian tongue Palomidc, it is a fi!I) tbjee Paiomids. 
 quarters of a paro in lengtb, in colour, eating, ano makinglike a 90akardl, fonictoljat big ge ano 
 tbick in boop.ano tbe taple fojkeo like a balfe moone.foj tlje toljiclj caufe it is fato tljat tbe ®;urke 
 toill not fuffcr tbem to be taken in all bis Dominions, 
 
 ^bc 29 in tbe morning toe toere in figbtof an33lano,tobicljtoeleftonour Icftbanoe calleo 
 Cephalonia, it is bnoer tbe Venetians ano toellinbabitco,toitb a fairetotonc IfrongipGtuatco Ce P haIon * 
 on a bill , of tbe tobicb bill tbe 3lano beatctb ber name, tt batlj alio a berp tlrong fojtrcOe c? €a^ 
 die, ano plentirof come ano toine , tbeir language is ©recke, it is DiSantfrom tlje matne of 
 Mo;ea,cbime mtlcs,it is in compafje 80 miles. £Dne Ijoure toitljin mgbt ttie fapleo bp the totonc Mo,u * 
 flanoing on tbe g>outlj cape of Cephalonia, tobcrebptoe migbt perceiue tbeir ligbts. ©jere 
 come oftentimes into the crcekesano rittcrs, tbe burkes fopttes ano gallics toljerc at tbeir ar= 
 riuall , tbe Countrep people ooe figmfie bnto tbeir neigbbours bp fo man? Itgbts , as tljcrc are 
 foiftes j gallies in tbe 3Iano,anD tbus tbep ooe from one to anotljer tbe tobole 31lano ouer.Slbout 
 tb?ee of tlje clocke in tbe afteraoone tlje toinoe fcanteo , ano toee minoeo to tjaue gone to Zante, 2 jnt% 
 btittoecoulo notfojtbatnigljt, tZDbisjlano of Zante is uittant from Cephalonia, 12 0? 14 
 miles, but tlje totoneofCephalonia,ftom tlje totone of Zame, is oifitant fojtie miles, %ty$ 
 nigbt toe toent but little fo?toaro. 
 
 mije 3 o cap toe remaineo fiill turning bp ano ootone becaufe tlje toinoe toas contrarp.ano to' ' 
 
 toarosnigljt tbe toinoe mcHOeo.fotljattoeentcrco tlje cljannellbcttoccneCephalonia.^ Zante, 
 tlje tobicb cljanell is about eigbt oj tenne miles oucr, ano tbefe ttoo beare Caft ano b^ gjoutlj.ano 
 Za^eftano bp jT2o?tlj from tlje otber. ®be totone of Zante lietl; toitljin a point of tfje lano, toljcre 
 toe came to an anker, at mne of tlje clocke at nigbt, 
 
 %\)z j 1 about fire of tlje clocke m tbe moaning, 3 toithfiue^ollanocrs toent on lano, ano Ijo- m™ t«ke j( «n6 
 ffeo at tbe Ijattfe of Pedro de Venetia. after tycakfal! toe toent to fee tlje totone , ano pairing a= a"rJsS" m 
 long toe toent into Tome of tlje ©rreke cljurcbes, toljercin toe fatoe tbeir Stores, 3Imagea, ano '*'"'• 
 otber ornaments. 'Cljis Done, toee toent to a sponafterieof jFriers calleo Sanda Maria de la s, M3 Mm, 
 Croce,tljefe aretoefierne Cljjttfiaus.fo? tlje©reekes bauenotljing to ooe toitlj tljem ,noi tljcp **^»* 
 tottbtljetSreekeS, fo^tbepoifferberpmucljinreligion.'Cljerearebut 2, St tiers intljis Jftierp, 
 3IntljisSpionalIerie toe fato tbe tombetljat M.T. Cicero, toas butico in, toitlj TerentiaAnto- sr&ftomiicof 
 nia,bistoifc, ®btstombctoas founoe about fire peeresfince, toljen tbe £©onatterp toas built, M<T - 0lKro - 
 tljerc toas in time patt a flreete tobere tbe tombc flooDe. St tbe finsing of tlje tombe tbere toas 
 alfo founo a parobnoergrouno, a fquare (tone fometoljat lenget tljen b?oao , upon tobicb flone 
 toas founo a touting of ttoo feuerall banoes touting, tbe one as it feemeo.fo? Ijimfclfe , anD tbe 
 atljcrfoiljistoifc,anomiocrtbe famefione toas founo a glaffc fometoljat pjopojtioneo like an 
 
 vjinall, 
 
■3Tl)c btfcriptio 
 of tt|c tomlie. 
 
 tint Elia, but 
 
 one Jfner. 
 
 ■arfjc bcfcriptia 
 
 oftljc Ciftleot 
 
 ZtBtC, 
 
 104. The linglifh VoyageSjNauigations, John Lock. 
 
 tyuisll, but tbat it toas eight fquareano berptbicke, toljcrem Vof re t^je.'anjeg of tJjc jjeao ntiD 
 rtgljt arme of Mar, T. Cicero , fo? as flojies make mention be toas bcbeaDeD as 3 remember 
 at Capua , fo? inftirrection. 3ud bis toife bauing got bis tjeao anD right arme , ( tobicb toaa 
 bjtougljt to Rome to tbe Cmperour) toent from Rome, anD came to Zance, atio ttjere burieo bis 
 Ijeao ano arme, anotojote open Ijis tombe tbis flple M. T. Cicero. *Haue. ©benfol' 
 fotoetb in other letters , Et tu Teremia zAnttmia, tobicb Difference of letters Declare that ujcp 
 \nerc not tojittenbotb at one time. djetomue is longanDnarrotoe,anDDcepe 3 toaIic6oneue-- 
 rp fise like a graue, in tb c botome tobercof toas fotmo tbe Capo flone toitb ttjc touting on tt,$ tbe 
 faio glaffcof atbes, anD alfo another litle glatTe of tbe fame p?opojtion , toberem.as tbep fap,are 
 thetearcsof bis frienoes, tbat mthofeoapes tbep Did ufe to gather aim burp toitlj tbem , as 
 tbep Diotofc in Italy ano Spaineto teare their bat're, to burp toittjtbeir ftienoes. 3n tbe fapoe 
 tombe toere a fetoe bones. &ftcr Dinner toe refieDtotutUic ojeto totoaros euening bp reafonof 
 the beat. SlnD about foure of tbe clocketoe toalkeo to another jfrierie a mile out of tljetotone 
 calico SantElia.tbeCeareiBbite .friers, tberetoerettoo, but one is ocao, not fire oapes fince* 
 Chis jTrierie Ijatlj a garoen beep pleafant, ano toell furnifijeD toitlj ©jnigee, JLcmons.pome* 
 granates, ano oiuers other gooofruites. ^betoaptoitiBfimietobatragstD,to,jbiUanDDotone, 
 anD berp fiom'e, anointoitucrnerpourtie. jtAanoetboctppieafantlp in a cJsfc bettocene ttoo 
 billes.toitbagoooppfpect, JFroin thence toe afcenoeD tbe bill to tljeCaQle, tohich is fituaten 
 on tlje berp toppe of a bill. djis Cafllc is berp Qrong , in compafle a large mile anD a balfe, 
 tobicb being oictualeD, ( as it t3 neuer bnfurniujeo) ano manneD toitb men of trufl, it map DefenD 
 it felfe agamfi anp princes potoer, Z-W Caftle taketb tbe itttt compaffe of tbe bill , anD no o» 
 tber bill neere it, it is fo fteepe ootoue, ano fo bigb ano raggec, tbat it toill tpje anp man oj e* 
 nerhebefjaufe toapbp. Herp nature batbfo?tifieD tbe toalles anobultoarkea: Jtisbp nature 
 fourefquare, atioitcomtnanDcth tbetonmeanopojte. %\)t Venetians bauealtoapcs tbeirPo- 
 defta.o? (Souernour, tottb bis ttooCounfellours refioent therein. Cbetotoneis toell inha* 
 biteo, $ Ijcitb great quantitie of bouujolotrs.'&be 3lanD bp repB?t is th?cefcoje ano tenne miles a* 
 bout, it is able to make ttocntie tboufano figbting men. ^Cljcp fag tljep baue altoapes 8uc 0? lire 
 bunojeD bo jfemen reabie at an boures toarning, ^Ijep fap tbe 3Lurkc batb affapeo tt toitb 1 00, 
 ©allies, but be coulo neuer tying bts purpofe to paffe. 3It is Orange tomee Ijoto tbcpujoulo 
 maintainefo manp men in tbts Slaiw/o; tbeir befl futtenanec i» toine^anD tbe refi but miferable, 
 
 %\)t firU of augufl tue toere toarnco aboo?D bp tlje patron, anD totoarcs euening toe fet faple, 
 anD baofigbtof aCaaiecalleDTorneftc,tol)icbts tlje ©urkes.anDis ten miles from Zante, 
 it DiD belong to tbe Venetians , but tbep baue noto lott it , it ftanoetb alfo on a bill on tbe Tea 
 fioe in Morea , 911 1 bat nigbt toe bare into tlje fea ,becaufe toe bao netoes at Zante of ttoelue of 
 tbe burkes gallies, tbat camefiom Rhodes, tobjeb toere. a,boutModon, Coron, ano Candia, 
 fo?tobicbcaufe toe kept attljefea, 
 
 Cljc fecono of 9uguft toe bao no figbt of Inno , but kept our courfe, anD about tlje trjirD toatcb 
 tlje toinoe fcanteo , fo tbat toe bare toitb tbe ftjo?e, ano bao figbt of Modon ano Coron, 
 
 ■&be tfjitD toe IjaD figbt of Cauo Mattapan , ano all tljat Dap bp reafon cf contrarp toinDcs, 
 bibicbbleto fometobatbaro, toe lap a bull bntil! moaning. 
 
 Cbe fourtb toe toere fiillbnoertbe fapo Cape, ano fo continueo trjat Dap, ano totoarbes nigbt 
 tb cr c gretoe a contention in tfj e ftjip amongd tbe Jpollan ocrs, ano it bao like to baue bene a great 
 tnconuenience,fo? toe bao all our toeapons, pea euen sur hniues taken from bs tbat nigbt. 
 
 %\)i fife, toe fapleo bp tbe 15otoIine,anb out of tbe toppe toe baD Ggljt of tlje 3Ilano of Candia, 
 anD totoaroes noonc toe mtgbt fee it plaine.anD totoaroB nigbt tbe toinoe toareo calme. 
 
 ^,be firt totoaro tbe bjeake of Dap toe fato ttoo fmall Slanos calleDGozi, ano totoaros noone 
 toe toere bettoccne tljem : tlje one of tbefe 3lanDs is fifteene miles abo ut, ano tbe otber 1 o miles, 
 3n tbofeSlanos are nourittjeoflo^e of cattellfoj butter ano cbeefe. ^bereare to tbe number of 
 fiftieo? firtie inbabitants, tobicb are (Sreeks, ano tbep liue cbieflp on milke anD cbeefe, Hbe 
 3lanDof Caudia is 700 miles about, it is in lengtb, from Cape Spada.to Cape Salomon, 300 
 miles, it is as tbep fap, able to make one bunojen tboufano figbting men. £Oe fapleo bettoeene 
 tbe Gozi, ano Candia, ano fb? P are oittant from Candia 5 o? 6 miles. 'Kbe Candiocs are flconff 
 men,ano berp gooo arcbers, ano (boot neere tbe markc. 'Cljis 31lanoe is from Zante 3 00 mileSt 
 
 %\)t feuentb toe fapleo all along tbe fapo Jlano toitb little toinoe ano unliable, ano tbe cigbt 
 sap totoaros nigbt toe D^eto to tlje Call eno of tlje Jilane, 
 
 ■2tbep ano iotoc fapleo along toitljapjofperous toinoe ano fato no lano, 
 
 ^tben intbemomt'ng,toeljaofigbtoftbe3HanDofCyprus, ano totoaros nocne toe toere 
 
 tbtoart tbe Cape calleDPontaMalota, ano about foure oftbeclocke toe toere as farre as BafFo, 
 
 ano about f unne fet toe paffeo Cauo Bianco, ano totoarojs nine of the cloefce at nigbt toe ooubleo 
 
 Cauo 
 
 ^Ite ^Turhe 
 iNuhartemp* 
 trti tlje 3iaun 
 OfZanu. 
 
 <arf)e«anieof 
 
 Totncfic 
 
 «ItUElnf tJirftO 
 oallit e at Mo- 
 don.anD Coian, 
 flllll Candia. 
 
 Modon. 
 Coron. 
 
 Cjus Matcapan. 
 
 Caadta. 
 
 Goii. 
 
 Candia, 
 
 €ape Spada. 
 C Salomon. 
 
 Panta,Ma1ota. 
 Bafio. 
 Caso Bianco, 
 
M ^ — _^ TwtY — — r- ' _ if 
 
 lohnLocf^e. Traffiques and Dilcoueries. 105 
 
 Cauo de le gaue,aiiD ankereo afo?e Limiflb,but tbe toino bleto Co bars , that uie coulo not come cauodeiagaM. 
 neere tljc totone,ncitb cr ourtt anp man got on laxa&fyt totone is from Cauo de le gatce ttoelue 
 miles Dittant. 
 
 Che i2.of3uguttmthemo?ningtocetoentonlanDtoLimiflb : tbistotone is rufnatttt mm 
 notljingc in it too?th to?icing,fauc onelp in the nuns of tbe totone tberebatb bene afojtreflc ,tobicb L ' m " Ib ' 
 is noli) oecapeo, ano the toals part ouertlj jotuen, tobicb a Eutkiflj Eouer toicb ccrtainc galltes 
 Bio oeflrop about i o.o? i 2.peeres paft. Chis Dap toaltung to fee the totone , toe chances to fee m 
 tbemarketplace,agreat quantitieof acertainebetmme callcointbe Italian tongue Caualette. c / UJ '"' c e ^ 8 r 5 
 3It is as 31 can leame.botb in fljapeanB bigne CTe likea arau"ebopper,fo? a can iucgebut little oifc £Kn ttw* 
 ference. SDf tbefe manp pceres tljep baue hao fuel) quantitie $ tbep Dettrop alltbctr come, Chep 3fl* n ° of c y 
 are fo plaguea toith tljcm,v almofl euerp peere tbep Doe ttell nie loofe balfe tbeir co?ne,tobctber tt pms * 
 be tbe nature of the rottntrcp,o? tbeplagueof (Soo ,that let them iuDge rljac beft can Define. lSut 
 tbat there map no Default be laico to tbeir negligence fo? tbe oeftructionof the, tbepljaue through* 
 outtbetoboIelanoaconltituteDoiocr, tbat euerp jfarmo? o?hufbanoman (tobiib areeuenas 
 flaues bougbt anD folD to tbeir lo?D) (ball euerp peere pap acco?Ding to his territo?ie, ameafure 
 full of tbe feeoe o?rgges of tbefe fo?cnamcD Caualette, the tobicb tljep are boimo to b?tng to 
 tbe market ,anD p?efent to tbe officer appointee foj t be fame, tbe tobicb officer cattetb of tljem be« 
 rpfiraigbtmeafure,anDto?itrtb the names of the pjefenters, ano putteth tlje fapoegges o? feeo, 
 into a boufe appoinreDfo? tlje fame,anD Ijauing the hcufe full, tbep beatc tbeir. topottDcr, ano e ad 
 them into the fca,ano bp this policie tbep Doe as much as intljem lietb fo? the Defirticticn of tljem, 
 CbisDerminebjeeDetbojingcnDeretbattbetimeofcomebeingripe, ano tbe come bepng ban. 
 aU)ap,in tbe cloos of tlje fame grouno do tbeljufbanomen finD $ nettes,o?,as 3 map ratber terme 
 them , cafes of tbe egges of the fame uermine. Cbeir neff s are much like to the keies of a ijafel* 
 nut tree,u>ben tbep be Djieo.anD of the fame length, but fometohat bigger, tobicb cafe being fc?o« 
 ken pou fijall fee tlje egges lie much like unto antes egges, but fometohat leffcr , Elms much 3 
 baue tojjitten at this time,bccaufe 31 bao no moie time of knotoleBge,but a trutt at inp retnrne to 
 note moie of this iflano,toitb the commootties of tbe fame at large. 
 
 Che i ?.DaptoetoentinthemomingtotheGreekesrhurch,tofeetheojDeroftljeircerema« m*vimmt* 
 nies.f of their communion.of the tobich to oeclarethe tobole o?oer toith the numberof their cere* %TcX°cm» 
 maniouscrolfmgSjtttoeretolong. ffiUherefojeleafijlboulDoffenDanpinan.aieaueitbntojsit' «»*»> 
 ten:but onelp that a noteo toell.tbat in all their Communion o? feruice.not one did eucr kneele, 
 no? ^a in anp oftbeir Churches coulo 3 euer fee anp grauen images, but painteo o? po?trapeo. 
 aifothepbaueftoje of lampes alight, almoflfo? euerp image one . 'Cbeirteomtnarc nltoapefl 
 feperateo from the men, anD generallp tljep arein the lotoer enoeof the Church, djisnigljt toe 
 toent abooja tbefljto,aIthouglj tljetoitiDtoere contrarp, toe DiD it becaufc the patrone fijotilo not 
 8nDanplackeofi)S,as fometimesbeDio: tobenastarpingbponljisotone uufmelTe^e toouloca* 
 lour it toith tljeoelap of tljepilgrimes. 
 
 dje i4.Dapiiuhcmomingtoefetfaile, ano loft figfjt of tlje affanu of Cyprus, ana the i j. 
 Bap toe toere liketoife at <bea,ano fatoe no lano : ano the 1 6. Dap totoaros night, toe lookco fo? 
 IanD,but toe fatoe none.TBut becaufe toe fuppofeo our fclucs to be neere out pc?t, toe tooke in all 
 our failes ercept onelp tbe fojefaile ano the miffen,anD fo toe rematneo all that night* 
 
 €4je 1 7. Dap in tlje mo?mng s toe toere bp report of the spariners, fonie -fire miles from Iaffa, 
 but it pjooueD contrarp. 15ut becaufe toe toouto be fure,toee came to an anker fcuen miles from 
 tlje ftjoje, ano fent the fkiffe toith tlje pilot ano tlje matter gunner,to learne the coau\but cbep it-- 
 turneo, not hatting feen tree no? boufe, no? fpoken toith anp man,lButtoljen tljep came to tlje fea 
 floe againe, tljep ment bp a little bill ftanDing Ijaro bp the bjinke , tobereon as tljep thought the? 
 fatoe the hi'lof lerufalem,bp tlje toljith the pilot kneto (after his tuDgemenc) ttyat toee toere patt 
 our pojt. 9no fo this place tohere toe robe toas,as tbe mariners fapo,about 50, milefrom Iaffa, 
 Cbis coatt all alongtt is berp lotoc,plaine,tohite,fanoie,anD oefert, fo? tobich caufe it batlj fetoe 
 markes 0? none, fo that toe roDe here as it toere in a gulfebettocene ttoo Capes. 
 
 Che 1 8,oap toe aboDe tttll at anker .looking fo? a gale to retume backe, but it teas contrarp : to gnat cist* 
 ano tlje i?.toe fet faile.but the currant Ijauing mo?e fo?ce tljen tlje toinoe, toe toere D?iucnbackc, tmu 
 tnfomucb,tljat the fljip being bnber faile,toe caff the founoing lean, a- (nottotthttanoing the tomo) 
 it remainco befo?e the fijippe, there toee baD muDDte grouno at fifteene f aoomc . '€be fame Dap 
 about 4. of tlje clocke, toee fet faile againe, ano fapleo €3Ucft alongtt the coatt with a freflj fioc^ 
 toinDe . 3r cbanceobp fortune tijat tljeOjippes Cat teptintotljr&ea* tobich being DOtone y to^atrnttt 
 keptljer felfeberpbaliattntlpabouetoatcr, nottoitbttanoing the great toaues, ftill ftoimming, ""onjdea 
 the tobicb the matter knotting , be caufcD the <§>kiffe toith balfe a Dofen men to goe totoatos bet au0 KCCU£ " 6 
 ano fetcb her againe, toljenujetoasaliiiott Ijalfea mile from tlje fljippe, aim all this tobile tlje 
 
 *bit» 
 
 it II II. 1* 
 
■arijei) met 
 
 tout) tU:a 
 IflllD. 
 
 106 The Engliili VoyagcSjNauigations, loknLockg. 
 
 fttppe laj^ on Hates. 3 barelp beleeue tijep tooulD ^iue maoe fuel) ba'le ano meanes if one of tbe 
 companp tjao bene in tfje like pe rill* ©bep maoe the mo?e batte becaufe tt toas tbe patrons cat. 
 ©bis 3 Ijauc tojitten onelp to note tbe effimation tbat cats are in , among tbe atalians, fa? ac« 
 nerallp tbep eaceme tbeir cattes , as in England toe elleeme a goon <«>panicll. ©be f me nigbt 
 abouttenne oftbeclocke tbe tonne calmeo, ano becaufe noneof tbe tbppe knetre tobere me 
 toere, toe let fall an anker about 6 mile from tbe place toe lucre at before , ano there tote ijao 
 muo&ie grouno at tto rluef attjomc, 
 
 ©be 20 it toas dill calme, ano tbecurrentfo ftrong Bill one toap, tbat toetoere not able ta 
 Cemme tbe flreame: mo?eotter toe kneto not tobere toe toere.tobercupon Doubting tobitbf t tree 
 toerepaR.o? (ftojt of cur po?t, tbe Smaller, $ilot, ano otber ©meets of tbe ftjtipe entereo into 
 counCell tobat toas befl to ooe, toberebpon tbep agreco to fenDe tbe bote on lanDeagaine.to feike 
 fome man to fpeake toith all, but tbep returntD as totfe as tljep toent, ©ben toe fet faple againe 
 ano founoeo euerp mile o? balfe mile , ano founo (till one orptlj , fo toe not knotting tobere toe 
 toere, came againe to an anker, feucn o? eigbt miles bp ailett from tbe place toe toereat. ©bus 
 fltll Doubting totere toe toere, tbe bote toent unlano againe, ano b?ougbt netocs tbat teee totre 
 (ho?t 8o mlrs of tbe place , toljereas toe thougbt tote ban bcene ouerfbot bp eaft fiftie miles. 
 Ous tntlicfc Doubts toe lofl foure oaves , ano neuer a man in tbe ftyppe able to tell tobere toe 
 toere, nottoit-bft-mDing tbere toere cttterfe in tbe flrpye tbat IjaD becne tbere before, ©ben fapa 
 tbe Idplot, tbat at bts comming to tbe (boie, bp cljance be fato ttoo toapfaring men, tobtcb toere 
 Stj)oo?cs, ano be crpeo to tbem in £u; kifb, infomuclj tbat tlje epoo?es, partlp fo? feare,anD part* 
 Ip fo? latke of unDerftamimg, (feeing tbi m to be £b?:Sians) beganne to flie,pet in tbe eno toitb 
 mucb a coe, tbep Sapco to fpeake tottb tbem . tobicb men toben tbep came together, toere not able 
 to unoeraaao ccb otber, tut our men maDe ta tbem tbe Cgne cf tbe Croffe on tbe fanoc, to giue 
 tbem to unBerffanotljattljep toere of toe (fcippetbat b?ougbt tbe pilgrims. ©ben tbe 9jtoo?ea 
 bnotoing(as al tbe countrp elfe Dotbytbat it toas tbeufe of Cb?ifltans to go to Ierufalem.fijetoeB 
 tbem to be pet bp toeflot iafta. ©hus toe ummneo all tbat nigbt at anker, ano tbe farther toeflt 
 tbat toe fapleD, tbe IcfTc toatcr toe bao. 
 
 ©be 2 1 toe fet faple agame, ano kept our courfe 3fto?tbeatt,but becaufe toe tooulD not goe a« 
 long tbe fljo?ebp nigbt, toee came to an anker infcttceanD ttoeutie fatljome toatcr. ©ben tbe 
 nertmo?mng being tbe 22 toe fet favle againe, ano kept our courfe as befo?e, ano about tbiee 
 of tbe clocke in ibe afternoone toce bao Bght of tbe ttoo totoers of Jaffa, ano about fiue of tlje 
 clocke,toee toere toitb a toclte, calleointbc Jtalian tongue, Scoliodi Santo Petro, on tbe 
 tobtcb rocke tbep fap be fift)eD , toben £b?ia bio bim caft b'- s "ft on tbe rigbt (toe, ano caugbt ft 
 manp fiil)es. ©bis rocke is noto almoft too?ne atoap. 3lt is from laffa ttoo 0? tb?er mile: bere be* 
 fo?e tbe ttoo totocrs toe came to an ankrr. ©ben tlje ptlgrimce after fupper,in falutation of tbe 
 bolplanDC.fangtotbep?apfeof <0OD,TeDeum Uudamus, toitb Magnificat, anD Benedicts, 
 but in tbe (btppe toas a jTrier of Santo Francifco, tobo fo? anger becaufe be toas not calico ano 
 tosrneo.toaulD not Cng toitb bs,fo tbat be BooDfo mucb bponbisDignitie,tbat be fo?gat bis fim= 
 pltcitie , ano neglcctco bis Deuotion to tbe bolp lano fo? tbat time , Taping tbat fi rB tbep ougbt to 
 Ijaticca'leD Ijim pcrtljepDio beginne, becaufe be toas a jFrper, ano baobeenetljerc, anobnetoe 
 tbeo?oers, 
 
 ©be 2 3 toe tent tlje bote on lano toitb a meCfengcr to tbe Padre Guardian of 3lerufalem.©bfe 
 Dap it toas notifien unto mee bp one of tbe (btppe tbat b*D becne a flaue in 1 urkie,tbat no man 
 migbt toeare grccne in tbis lano, becaufe tbeir p?opl;et Mahomet toent in grcene. %bis came 
 to mp knotoleoge bp reafon of tbe Scriuanello, tobo \)So a greene cap , tobicb toas foibioocn bim 
 to toeare on tbe lano, 
 
 Oe 24, 2 y , ano 2 6 toe tarpeo in tbe (btppe (fin looking fo? tbe comming of tbe Padre guar- 
 dian, ano tbe a6 at nigbt toe ban a Qojttie tobtcb laflco all tbe nert Dap. 
 
 ©be 27m tbe mo?ning,cametbeCad),^Subaifi.5t tbe spenitoe.toitb tbe Padre guardian.buc 
 
 tbep coulo not come at us bp reafon of tbe Bo?mp toeatbet : in tbe afternoone toe aflapco to tenn 
 
 tbe bote on lano, but tbe toeatbettooulD not fuffer u~. ©ben againe totoaro nigbt tbe bote toent 
 
 a 0)o?e, but it returnco not tbat nigbt. ©be fame Dap in tbe afternoone toe fatoe in tbe element, 
 
 u a clouo toitb a long taplc, like Unto tbe taple of a ferpent, tobicb clouD is calleD in Italian Cion, 
 
 of tiit jMiiariB tbe tavle of tins cIoud Dio bang as it toere into tbe fea : ano toe Dio fee tbe toater bnoer tbe fapoe 
 
 SngiTolw. tlout,c a^^ 10 ' as it biere like a (moke 0? mpfte, tbe tobtcb tbis Cion o?eto bp to it. ©be S©am* 
 
 ners repo?teo to bs tbat it bao tbis p?opertie, tbat if it ujouId bappen to banc ligbtco on anp part 
 
 of tbe ujippe.tbatittooulDrentanD to?etbfaples,mau\(b?oufes ano (btppe ano all inmannes 
 
 like a toptlj: on tbe lano, trees,boufes, 0? toljatfoeuer elfe it ligbtetb on, tt tooulo rent ano to?«b. 
 
 » nmintatioft. Zl)de marriners bio bfe a cettaine coninration to bjeake tlje fapo taple, 01 cut it in ttoo, tobicb 
 
 She tuio 
 rotutrs of 
 la0a. 
 
 Scoliodi Santo 
 Petto. 
 
 3J mtfftngtr 
 otpartettl foi 
 Jenitdlcm- 
 Mahomet IB rid' 
 
 tticb in gtcene 
 
 Cite Guardian 
 Of lerufilcm 
 conuncrt) to 
 lafh. Until 
 tftrCadyariD 
 SubaOu 
 
 X clrnitj carico 
 
lohnLocl^e. . Traffiques and Difcoueries. 107 
 
 as tliep fap Dotlj p^euatle, Ctjep Dio take a blacke bafceD knife, anD tuitlj the cogc of ibc fame Din 
 crcflir tljc fain taile as if tljep tooulo cut it tit ttoain, faping tljefe too?Ds,Hold thou Cion.eat this, 
 aim tljnt thep Qttcke tlje knife ontlje (hip fiDe toitb tije cogc totoarDs the faiD dotiDe, anc 31 fato it 
 tljeretuttlj bantu) inlelfe then one quartet of an Ijoucc.lJut tohether it toas then confumeo.oj tohc= 
 tiierbpucrttie of tije Jncljantment it tin ijantO) 3 hnotocit, butit toas gone, fipereofletthem 
 iuorce that knoto mo?c tben J, Cbis afternoone toe hab no toinDe,buc tije &>ea »crp{tojmp,tnfo= 
 nutel) tljat ncttljcr cl)cac 3 Mot, jio? anp tljinojclfe coulDflanDiutljefljippe^nD tocctoere Djitten to 
 kf epe our meatc in one banD,anD tbe pot in the otber,anb fo fit ootone upon tlje ljatcljes to rate, foj 
 ff,inDtoccGulDnot,foul>ittI)e&easmtl)CUerppo?tatanankertoentfoliiajl3astfU!eel)aDl)Cite 
 in the bap of Portugall toitb ffojmip lucatljcr* Che reafon tss^aetljc Sg)atiucrs faiD to me, becaufe 
 that tberemeete all the toaucsftom all places of the Straights ofGibraltar, ami there b?eake, 
 ar.D tlj.u in malr calines there go grcatcft fcas>tol.jctber tlje toinoe bloto o? not. 
 
 Che 2 8. the toeatbet groining fomctoljat calme, toec toent on lano anD retteD our fclues fo? 
 that Dap,aitD tljcnert Dap toe fct fo?toarD totoaro tbe citp of Ierufalem. 
 
 MtatJlDiD.anDtoliatpIaccsofDeuottonJtoifiteDinlerufalem^nD other parts of the Holy 
 land, from this mp Departure from IarTa,bntillmpreturneto thefaiD po?t,map bjicflpbefcene in 
 mpEettiniouiail.bnncr the Ijanogtfcaleof the aitcargenerallof Mount Sion, mljicl; fo^ tljc con* 
 tentmentof tl;clReaDcr3l thought gooD hereto interlace. 
 
 VNiuerfib & lingulis presences litteras infpccluris falutem in Domino noftro Iefu Chriftd. 
 Attcftimurvobis acalijsquibufcunq;,qualiterhonorabilisvir Iohannes Lokciuis Lon- 
 donicnlv,fi];tishonorabiIisviriGuilhelmiLokequitisaurati > adfacrati(i[ima terra? fan dtz loci 
 perfonaiiccr fe contulit, ianc-tilTimum Domini noitri Iefu Chrilti fepluchrum, e quo die tertia 
 glonofusa monuisrefuirexk, facratillimum Caluaria: montem,inquo pro nobis omnibus 
 cruci affixus mori dignatus eft, Sion etiam montem vbi coenam illam mirificam cum difcipulis 
 i'uis fecir,& vbi Ipiricus fanehis in diefan&o Pentecoftes in diiiripulos eofdem in Unguis igneis 
 delcendit, OIiuetiq;motemvbimirabi)itercoelosafccndit,intemeratf virginisMari^Maufo- 
 leum in Jofaphat vallis medio fitum.Bcthaniam quoq;, Bethlehem ciuitatem Dauid in qua de 
 purifllma virgine Marianatus cfi,ibique inter" animalia rechnatus,pluraq; loca alia tarn in Hie- 
 rufalem ciuitate fan£ta terre Iudef ,quam extra, a modernis peregrinis vifitari folita, deuotifii- 
 mevifi;auit,pariterq;adorauit. In quorum fidem, ego frater Anthdhius de Bergamo ordinis 
 fratrum minoru regularis obferiian'tie ; prouincie- diui Anthonij Sacri conuentus montis Sion vi- 
 carius (licet indignus) necnon alidrum locorum terre^ San<5te, apoftolica authoritate comiffa- 
 rius & re<%r, has Sigillb'maiori noftri officijnoftraquefubfcriptionemunirivolui. Datum 
 Hierofolymisapudfacratiffimumdominicoenaculumin ffpe memorato monte Sion, Anno 
 Domini millefimo quifigen[efimo,quinquagefimotertio,die vero fextb menfis Septembris. 
 
 1 "" Frater Antonius qui fupra. 
 
 Ti^e t y .of September being come from out pilgrimage, toe toent abo?ue our fljippe.anD fct jjjj^JjJJJJ* 
 farle,anD kept our courfe 22fttt totoaro tlje jflanD of Ciprus,but al that night it teas calme, iera&iei». 
 ana the i <5.tbe lutnDe frett)CD,anD toe paffeo bp Mount Carmel. Mount carmd. 
 
 " %l)t i7.thetoiitDetoasi3erpfcant,pct toe kept tbe fea, anototoaros night toeehatiagufteof 
 rainetobercbptoeetoerecottitraincDtoitrike our faile?,bttt ittoasnot t)erj>tto?mic,nojlaileD 
 Derp long. 
 
 %\)t 1 8. 1 9. z o. ann z i . toe kept Hill the fea ann fato no lanb becattfe toe IjaD Vierp title toinoe, 
 ano that not ucrp fattourable. 
 
 Cije.a2,at noone tljc Koatftoaine fent fomc of tlje Mariners into tbe boat, (tohtrhtoe toeo a< 
 ftcrnefrom IaflFa ) fo? certaine neceffaries belonging to the ftip , inherent the q^arincrsfotinD a 
 certaine finj inp?opo?tion like a Dace,about 6,incheslong(pet the partners fato tbep baD fcene 
 tbelike afoote long ano mo?e) tlje tohich fitb Ijao on etterp fioc a toing, anD totoarD tlje taile ttoo a> 
 tljer letfer asit toere finnes, on eitljcr Sue one, but in p?opo?tion theptoere toings anD of a gooo 
 length. C^cfe toings groto out bettoeene tlje gilS anD tfjecarkafTeof the fame fiib.Chcp are cal= 
 IeDintheltaliantonguePefcecolunibini,fo?tnDeeoe,thetoingsbemgfp?eDitis!tketoaflping Percteoiumbbi. 
 notte.tljcp fap it toill flie farre,anD berp Ijigb. §>o it feemetlj that being toearp of ijer fligijt^Qje f f 11 
 into tIjeboate,anD not being able to rife againe DieD there. 
 
 'Cfje25.24,anD25.toefaiIcDourDtrectcourfeto!tljafmalIgaleoftoinBe J anbthisDaptoeh,i9 
 fight of the 3ifiaiiD of Cyprus, dje firtf lanD tljat toe DifcotiereD toas aheaDlanD callcoCauode gapodeh 
 la Griega,anD about nitcnigljt toe ankereobp jao?tij of tljeCane.djis cape is a ljighliil,long ann " ee '' 
 fquate, ano on tlje €a!I co?ncr it bsub a high cop , tljat appearcttj Unto tbofe at tlje fea,likc a tobitc 
 clouD,fo? totoarD tljefcaitistol)ite,anDitlieth into tljefeas§)Outl)toelf. Cfjiscoafi of Cyprus is 
 btgbDeclinmgtotoarD tlje fea,butit Ijatljno cliffes. 
 
 
K 
 
 108 TlieEngliih Voyages,Nauigations, lobnLocfo. 
 
 Sal int. 
 ArnachodiSalini. 
 
 
 SfwOoifcmm 
 totij.ncjj t()e 
 (alt jjir. 
 
 Famagufla. 
 
 Mozenigo, 
 &niDc Of Ve- 
 nice. 
 
 Caftetlani. 
 Saint Kathcrem 
 Fanu"ufta, 
 
 S>incre CDiitrs 
 
 lillDcc 3I0U1I&, 
 
 ©be 2 6,u)e fet faile againe,anb totoaro noone toe came into tlje po jt of Salini,u bete toe toent 
 onlanoanb loDgeb that nigijt at a totone one mile from tbence calico ArnachodiSalini, this is 
 but abillagecalleoitt Italian, Cafaha. ©btSisoirtantfrem IafFaijo.aitalianmtlcB. • 
 
 ©be 27-toe reu\D,anD the 28,toc bireo Ijojfcs to tine from Arnacho to Sahna.toljicb is a gooe 
 mile, ©be fait pit is berp neere ttoo miles in rompafle, berp plane ano IeueII,iuso tljc tobiclj tbcp 
 let rumie at the time of rainc a qttantitie of toatcr comming fcom the mottntamrs.toljicb tester is 
 let in until tlje pit be full to a certain* markc,toljiclj toljcn it is full^lje refl is ccmucpeo bp a treneb 
 into tlje fca,©bis mater is let runne in about ©ctober, 0? foouer 0) later, as the time oftlje pecre 
 DotljaffofDc. ©here thep let it remainebntill tbeenDecf3tiIpo?tbcmiODc8cf3ugutt, outof 
 tobebpits at that time,in Qeao of toatet tljat tlje p let in tljep gadjec berp fnire tehitc falt,toitbout 
 anp further art 0? labour, foj it is onlp bone bp tbe great beate of the mime. ©Ijts tbc ittencttans 
 hatte, a»o Dee maintaiue to the bfe of S. Matke, ano tbe Oenetian (hips tljat come to tbis Jilann 
 arebotmo to catt out their ba!Iau\anb to laoe toitlj fait foj Venice, aifo tljcrc map none in all tlje 
 aianu bup fait butof tljcfe men, tobomaiuiatiietljcfc pits foj S. Marke. ©|ji& place is toatcbeb 
 bpni3l)tU)itb6,ijojfementotljernoiebenotilolnebpiugl)t t aifo bnoet the Slenetians Domi* 
 nioits no totone mapfpenoeanp fait, but ihep mud bup it of Saint Marke, neither map an? 
 man bup anp fait at one totone to carie to another, but cucrponemitll btiphie fait in the totone 
 toljcrc 1)-: btortletb , JQeitbec map anp man in Venice bup moje fait tljcn Ije fjjenoetb in the cttp, 
 fojtif lje bcknotoentocane but one ounce out of tlje eitte ana te accufco , bee loofetb an eare. 
 ©be mottpart of all tlje fait tbcp baue in Venice conimctb from tbcfe Salines , ano tbcp bane 
 it fo plentiful!, tljat tbcp arc not able, timer a prcrc to gather tbj one Ijalfe, fo? tljep onelp gather 
 tn |ulp,augufl,anb September, ana not fullptljefethjer momtljts. get nottoiibffanBuig tl;c 
 abmwance tbftt tlje fl«};pes cam atop peerelp , there rcmaine (je^pes like tulles , fome ijeapes a' 
 ble to laoc nine ojttennefhippes,an9 there are beapes of ttoopeeresgatljeiing, fome of tijjec 
 ann fome of nine 0? teniiepceres making j to the balttrof 9 great fummcof golDc,ano totjentlje 
 iljtps 00 labe, thep tuner take it bp mcafure , but tjfljen tljep come at Venice tbtp meafure it. 
 "EijiS faltas it Ipetb in tlje pit ia like fomucb ice, ann it is fire inches tbicke : tljcpoigge it toith 
 ares, ano caufe their flaues to carp it to the Ijrapcs.. ©bi« night at ituDnigljt toe roBe to Famagu- 
 fta, toljicbiseigbt leagues from Salina.tuhicb's H-CngUlbmile^ 
 . ©be-39 about ttoo.ljoures before oap, toe aligljtea at Famagufta 3 anij after toe toere rcfreujen 
 .toe toeut to fee the-tomnr *Cbw is a berp faire iltong boloe,anij the flrcnged ano grcatcll in the 
 5ilari-3» ©be toalks are toe ano neto, aim ffrongrl^vaiv.yirto toitb foure .yrincipaU bultoarSes* 
 ano bettoecne tlj?m tuiTtons , refponomg one to cnatber, tljcfe toa'lles oin tlje JLlentttans 
 make, ©Ijephaue alfo.on tlje batten Doe of it a Cattle, ant> tlje liauen is cljaitico , the citic ljat& 
 o»tf lp ttoo gates, to fap, one fo? tlje lanoe ano another foj,the fea, tljep baue in the totone coutinu= 
 allp , be it pciice 0? toarrcs, 8co fouloicrs, nib fo?ttc ano fire gunners, befioes "JTaptaincs, petie 
 ■Captaincs , (Suucrnour ano ©cncrall. ©be lance gate batb altoapes fiftie fouloiers, pikes 
 aixo gunnerstoicljibeirbarncs.toatcljing thereat nigbtanB0ap f 9ttIjefeagatefiueanDttociuie, 
 bpantljctoallescucrpnigbt ooc toatcb&ftcenementntoatcb boufes,fo?eucrptoatcbboufenue 
 men, ano in tlje market place 30 foulbiecs conttnuallp, ©here map no foloicr ferue tljere abotie 
 S.peressiuitbcr toill tljep toitljout frienolbip fuffer tljem to Depart afojc 5«peres beerptreo, anb 
 tljere map ferue of all nations ercept (Sreekes,©Ijep Ijaue etterp pap.toljicb is 4 y .capes, 1 5; Mo- 
 zenigos, toljiclj is 1 y ujiliingB tlerling. ©heir bo?femen baueonelp lire foioes taenetian a bap, 
 anD pjouenBer fo^ ttjctr bodies, but thep baue alfo certamc lanbe tljcretoitb to ploto ano fotoe fo? 
 the maintenance of their IjojXcs, but truelp 31 marucll Ijoto tljep lute being fo barblp fen, to? ail 
 the fommet tljep feebe onelp bponcljoptflratoe ano bar!ep,fojbcptbep baue none; anb pet tbcp 
 be faire,fat ann fertticeable. ©be JUenetians feno cuerp ttoopeeresneto rulers, toljt'ch thep call 
 Caftellani. tiLbe totone batlj allotocb it al& ttoo gallies continttallp armea ano furniujeb. 
 
 ©be j o in tlje mojning toe none to a cfjappell.tobtretbep fapSaintKatherin toas bo^ntMW 
 Cbappe ll is in olue Farnaguila , tlje tobiclj toas bettropeo by (Engliftjmtn , anD is cleane otter' 
 th.totone to the grottno , to this Dap oefolate ano not inbabitcD bp anp perfon , it toas of a great 
 circuit, anD tljere be to tljis bap mountaincs of faire , great, anb flrang builDings , anD not onelp 
 there, but alfo in manp plates of tbc3Hanb, SIDojeouertobcntbepDigge, p!otoe,o? trench thep 
 finDefometimeSolDeantientcoincs, fome ofgoloe, fome of Bluer, anb fomeof copper, pea ann 
 manp tombes anD batttes tottlj fepulcljers in tbem.©ljis oloe Famagufia is from the other, foure 
 miles, anD tfanoetlj on a hill,but tlje neto totone on a plaine. ©hence toe retnrneD to neto Fama- 
 gufta againc to Dinner , ano totoaro euening toe tocnt about tlje totone, anD intlje great Cbuttb 
 tocfatoctlje tombeofkmglaqucs, tohicb toas tljelaflking of Cyprus, am) toas buricbtntbe 
 pere of Cl^tfl one tljoufano foure bunb^eb feuentt'e | tbjec,anb bao to toife one of tlje baugbte rs of 
 
 Venice 
 
lobn Loc/^e. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 109 
 
 Vcmcc.of tlje Ijoufe cf Comari,tljc tojiclj familp at tljiS Dap batlj great reucnuejs tn tljis 3iflatiD, c°»>»>.a/amfr 
 ano Up means of tljat manage, the Venetians tljalcnge tlje ktngaom cf Cyprus. j'nariTbT" 
 
 CbefirSofCJctobattubcmojning.toeiijenttofcctljercIicfcoftljetoattbcs. '<£batDcnc,tuc w«3i«9«* 
 tuent to one of the (Srcekcs eDljurcfjes to fee a pot 0? Jarre of ttone, tojiclj 10 fapo to lice one of 
 tlje fcucn jarres of tuatcr, tlje tojich tlje JLo?a <Eqd at the manage comtettea intoioine. 3It ts a 
 pot of earth berp faire, tohiteenamellea, anafairelptojougljtbyon totlj e?aton tojfte, ana 
 IjatljoncitbcrfiDcofiMntteao of Ijanales, fares maoe in foutme as tlje painters make angels 
 toings, it luas about anellerjigb, ann fmallat the bottcrae, toitlj a long ncche ano co?refpon« 
 Pent in circuit to tbebottome, tbebcllpbcrp great ana rouno , itholocth fullttolue gallons, 
 anD Ijath a tap-ljole to D?ato toue out thereat, the 3Iarre ts berp auncicnt, but tehctljer tt be one 
 of tljcm o? no, 3 knob) not, Che aire of Famagufta is berp britojolefome.as tljcp lap, bp reafeii 
 of certainemariuj grounaaaiopningbntoit ♦ ^bEphatiealfoacrrtsine peerelp ftekneffe raig* 
 ring in tbe fame totone, aboue all tlje reft of thc3Hano : petneuertbelcffe,t!jephatieitin other; 
 totoies.buniotfomueb, 3tis a ccrtatne retmefTe anu paineoftljccpes, tljetobicljif it bee not 
 tmicklp holpeu, it takctb atoap tljeir figljt, fo tljat peerelp almoft in tljat tctoie, thep Ijaue about 
 ttoentie tljat lofc tljeir fight, "ttjcr of one epe o? botb,ano it commetlj fo? tlje mofl part in this mo* 
 neth of ©rtober,ana the lall monetb s fo? 31 baue met Diuers times tljjceano fotire at once in com* 
 panies.botlj men ana lnomen.'Ehcir Ituing is better cljeape in Famagufta tljen in aup other place &» iiftaiira 
 nftljcattano, becaufe theremapno fcinoeofpjouifiontothin tbeir ubertiebee folce out of tlje "m"^^^ 
 
 (JCl'Cte. Of Famspufta. 
 
 S(;eft'conDof£DctoberiBerctuntctitoArnacrio, tojcretocrcfleabnttJItljefirtBap, Cljts ©watminw 
 tonmcisap?etie Qillage , there are tberebp totouD tlje <s>ea Cue Diners monuments, tijat l " m **' 
 there batrj bene great otterthjoto of builoings, fo? to this Dap there is no pere vohenthep fmoe 
 not^iggrngbnacrgrouna, cither roincs, caucs,anofepulclj?es of antiquities, as me toalfcing, 
 DtD fee rcanp, fo tljat in effect, all alongft tlje &ea coaft, tb?oun,ljotit tlje tojole 3|fiana, there is Cjvm lS ^ e „ g 
 nutelj ruine ana ouertb?etu of builaiiigs-: fo? as tljcp fop, tt tow atfinhabitca Ore ana thtrtie peres »'<fa ftabiteu 
 iicfo?e @>atnt Helens timefo?lacke of Uiater* 9no fincc tljat time it Ijatlj benctmnstea ann otter* £««?' ° f 
 th?ctnen bp Richard the firft of tljat name, kingofEngland, toljiclj Ijeato tttrcuenceof tjts fi= c yP r. rninatcti 
 eersrauifljmentcoimningto3!crufaltm,tbetobicljtnfo}cemcnttoaSDonctol)(:rbptbehiitg of BR,C ' tl " I • 
 
 Famagufta. 
 
 ChcfirtaaptoeriatoNicofia, toljt'ch is from ArnachofeuenCyprus miles, toht'clj arc one ir " :or ' 1 - 
 ana nnentic Italian miles* ti^ljts isi ttje ancient efl citie of tlje iSfiartti^ anu te inaUcD about, but it 
 is not ftrong neither of tortles no? fitttatioit : 31tisbprepo?tth?ee Cyprus miles about, it is 
 not tlj?ougblp inljabitcD, but Ijatlj manp great garoens in it, ana alfo berp manp Date trees, ana 
 plentie of pomegranates anD otljcr fruitcs . 'tE.ljerebtoellaUtljedSentiluicofthejaanD, ano 
 tljereljatlj cuetp Cauallier o? Conte oftljeaftanD an babiration. %tyz re isiu iljis citie one fotm* %n^mtm 
 fafnernucDbpfaintMarke, tohtclj i? botuiDeuerp eight Dapescnce, to toater all tlje sateens in aitueMBBuSj, 
 the tcto:!?, ano tlje feecper oftrjig fountafnc batl; fo? euerp tree a Bizamin, biljiclj is tiiielue folces m^"" n c ' ig 6 , 
 Venice, nnD firpence ftcrling.Cpe tljat Ijath trjat to farme,tDtth afairc anDp?ofitable gatoentljcre^ »• a«iing. 
 to belougtng, paietlj euerp pecre to faint Marke, fifteenc buntyeo crolunes , "Sllje Greetr 5 of the 
 titie are not paueo, teljich makcth it toith tlje quanticie of tlje garDens,to fceme b tit a rurail bait* 
 tation. 25ut tljerebemanpfaircbtitloingsin tlje Citie, tljere be alfoSponafteriesbctljof Franks 
 5 Greekes. *Zltf Cat(jeD?aH church is calico Santa Sophia,ui tlje tobiclj there ts an olo tombe cf latfeo*^ 
 3[afpJs ff oiie,aI! of one pit ce,mase in fo?me of a cariage coffcr.tUiclue fpannes long, fire fpnnncs cftmcB oi^k 
 i)joaD,aiiD feue n fpannes ijiglj 5 h)!jicrj tljep fap bias founD bnoer grouno, 3| t is as fairc a ftone as e« c ° ru " ■ 
 tterjiljatiefccne, 
 
 ^Ije fetienth bap tne r;'D to a ©recke 5Frierte Ijalfe a mile toitljout tlje totone, It is a berp 
 pleafatmt place, anDihejfriersfcaftcDbsaccojDingto tljeir abiluir* ^Ijefcjfricrsare furljas 
 bane bene Ij3?ic8s, ana tljeir tones aping tljcp mull become 5f tiers of tljts place, anancucraf* 
 ter eateflefh, fo? tf thep oo.tljf p arc Dep?iuea from faping maffe j neither, after tr/epljauc talun 
 Bpontbnntl)iso?Dcr,maptljrpnwrrpagaine,buttljcpmapl : :eepeafii!gIetomir.n. ©jefeGree- 
 kifli friers are berp continent ana cljaft,ano furelp 31 Ijaue felaomc feen (torjidj 3, Ijaue toll 110* 
 tea) anp of them fat, 
 : 'Cije 8„Dap me rcturnca to Arnacho,ana reftta there, %hz 9.after mttntght mp compaup r;'o 
 
 tDtbeljlllcalleOMontedcla Croce (btttJnotaifpofcbtoMlOnotgo) tolicb IjtlltSfccm Arna- Mo 0t cdcU 
 cho 1 5,3jtaitan miles. Slpon the fr-po ijill is a certaine crotfe.lohiclj is, tljcp fap, a Ijolp CroiTe. Cl0 "• 
 '2tljisCrou"eintimespaaDiDbptljnvrcpo?tofibe3iflianD, ljangintbeap?e, but bpneertame : 
 eartljquake,tbc crofle ano rlje tljappellit Ijtmg in,to?reouertrj2otnen, fo tljatneucr ftuce itvueda 
 ljangagainejnt|>eaice, ^utuisno'a)Couereatoitljfiluer,anDbatb3,a?opsofour lo?aegblooa 1 
 
 K on 
 
LimifTo. 
 
 Carrubi. 
 Vulture. 
 
 - 
 
 no TheEnglifh Voyages.,Nauigations, John Locfy. 
 
 on it (as tbep lap) ano tijen is in tlje immt ot toe great croue, a lit tic acme maoe of eye croffe of 
 <ZEb?iff> butit is clofeD in tlje Bluer, pou mutt (if pott iuili) beleeueittsfo, fo? feeitpou cannot, 
 'S.ljts croffe Ijangetbnotoe bp botlj enocs in tbe toall r tbat pou map ftoing it op ano ootone, in to- 
 itentljatitDio onccljangintljcairc ♦ Onsiuas tolo meebpmp fellobj yilgnmcss, foj 3 fatoe 
 it not, 
 
 Cbe i o.at nigbt toe toent aboo?D bp teaming of tbe patron : anD tlje i nut tbe mojnt'ng toefet 
 failf, ano crept along tbe ftjoie,but at nigbt toe anfeereo bp rcafon of contrarp toinoes, 
 
 -SLlje 1 2.toe fet faile totoaro Limiflb,toljicb is from Salines 50, miles, ano tljere toe toent on 
 Jannttjatuigrjt. 
 
 -Oje 1 3 ,ano 1 4. toe remaincD (Wl on lann, ano tbe 1 $♦ tbe pajrone fent foj »« ; but bp reafott 
 t^.u one of out coutpanptoasnottoell.toe toent not pjefeiitlp, but toe toercfojcesaftertoatD to 
 J)ireaboate,a«Dtoouertaketbeu;iptcnnemilei5intotbcfea ♦ 3t tljis LimuTo all tbe Venetian 
 fijtpalaoetohiefojtbeirpiouiBoit, ano tome fo?) to fell, ano alfo bincger ♦ 'Eljeplabe alfo great 
 flojeofCarrobi: fojalltbecountrcptljereabout aotoining, anDallibemountainesarefuIlof 
 Carrobi trees, tbep laoe alfo cotton toooll tljere. 3n tbe fapo totone toe did fee a tertaine foule 
 cftbeIanD(toljereeftbe:earcmanpintl)ia3iflanD) nameointlje Italian tongue Vulture. 3!tiu 
 afotoleibatisasbigasa^toamie.aneitliuetljbponcation , €.befkinneisfull of foftDoune, 
 like to a fine furre, toljicb tljcp bfe to occupte toben tljcp baue cuillttomacks, ano it maketljgoott 
 DtgtiJton. tDljts birD(astuepfap)toillrateasmttcljatonemealeasfljaiireruebim fojtiebapcst 
 after J atDtottbin:betompaffeoftb,ittimecaretbfo?nomi:?enieate.Ebccountr(ppctple, toben 
 tbep Ijaue anp oeaD beafi, tbcp carp it into tlje mountames, 0? tolje re tbt p fuppofe tlje fapo aiul* 
 tures to baunt, tljep feeing tbe carionDoe immeDiateip greeoilp ft ajc bpon ic,aw> Doe fa itigrafe 
 their talcntSitbat tljep cannot fpeeBtrptifc agapne, bp rcafon toljercof tlje people ccme anD kill 
 tljciit t fomctimeg tljepkilltljcm toitljDogs,anDfomtimcB toitljfutb tocapensas tbep bauc.^tbfe 
 foule is viecp great ano batDp,mucklike an <£aglein tbe fearers of ber loiugs anD backe,buc bu* 
 Dec ber great feathers ffce is onclpboune ,ber neebe alfo long anb full of rottne . S)lje Ijatb on tlje 
 necbe bonc,tettoeenc tbe necke anD tlje CljoulocrSja beapcof fetters like a Ceffe il,ljer tljigl;g bn> 
 to Ijerknecg are coucrco toitljDoune,bcr legs Crong anD grcat,anrj oarctlj toitlj ber ta'ents affault 
 amanXbepbauealfointtjis 3flanDaceitatne fmal! uirD mucljlikcbntoa clOagtailein fettjcrs 
 anomaking, tljcfearefoertremcfattbatyou taupe re- tuenctljingelsinaUtljcirbcDies : tl,eOe 
 biros are noto m feafan, t&Ijep take great quanti.ic of tljem, ano tbep tofe to pickle tljem toitlj bi« 
 negec anD falt,anD to put tljem in pots anD feno tljrm io Venice anD otbtr places of Italy fo? p?e» 
 fentsofctrcateGimation . 'CljcpfaptbepfenDalmott 1 200, 3acrcsojpotsto Venice, bcfiecsJ 
 tljofe toljlcb are confumeb in tlje JflanD, toljiclj are a great numbf r. ^Ijefe are fo plentifull tljat 
 toben tljere is no Ujipping,pou map bup tljem foj 1 o. Carchies, tobicb come arc 4.10 a Venetian 
 S oldo,toljicb is penp fartbing tbe Do?en 3 anD toten tljere is Co je of Hipping, 2. pence tlje Do?en, 
 after tljat rate oftbeirntonep.'Sbep of tljelimites of FamaguHa Do kceptbcQatutes of ^lfrencb» 
 men toljt'eb fomctimes did rule tbt re,9nD tlje people of Nk ofia obferue tlje o^Der of tbe Genoue- 
 les,toljo fomettmes alfo DtD rule tbem.911 tljis Dap toe lap fn tbe fca toitb little toinD. 
 
 ^Dlje 1 <5.toe met a Venetian fljipyanD tbtp toilling to fpeake toitlj bs,ano toe toitlj tljem, maoe 
 totoaros eaclj otljcr.but bp ceafon of tljeeutl flirrage of tlje otljer ujip.toebaD almofl boo^Deo eacfj 
 otljer to our great Danger.'CotoarD nigbt toe ankereD bnoer Cauo Bianco.but becaufe tbe toinoe 
 grctofaire.toefet faile againepjefentlp. 
 
 %l)t 1 7,i8.i9,anD 2o.n)ctocre at fea toitb cahtie fommcrtoeatber, anD tlje so.toebabfonte 
 r?.tne,anD fato anotljer Cion in tlje element, 'Sbis bap alfo toe fatoe, ano Ipake toitb a Venetian 
 
 ftjip calleD el Bonna.bounD f 0? Ciprus. 
 
 -5tlje2i.toefaiIcD toitb arcafonablegale ) anttfatonolanDbnttItbe4,ofj3ouember,'Cbfebap 
 toeljaD raine,tbunDcr,li5ljtening,anD mucb toinD ano Cojmietoeatljer, but (Sod be pjaifeo toee« 
 fcapco allbangers, 
 
 ■®be 4«of Ji5ottcmber,toe baD firtt Rgbt of tlje 3lHanD of Candia, ano toe fell toitb tbe JuancS 
 caHeoGozi.bp ©outbof Candia. Cljis Dap DeparteD tbts piefent life, oneofourcompanp na< 
 mco Anthonie Gelberof Pruflia.tobo onelp tooke bis furfet of Cyprus toine. Ebisnigljttoe oe« 
 termincD to rioe a trie , becaufe tlje totnD toas contrarp.ano tbe toeatber troublefome, 
 
 'S-bey.toe bao berprougbtfo?mietoeatbcr.'?tbisbaptoaE tlje fapD Anthonie Gelber fotoeti 
 in a Chauina fillet) toitlj ft ones anD tbjotocn into tlje fea . TBp rcafon of tlje freujnes of tlje toinu 
 toetooulDbauemaDetotoaro tlje ujo?e,but tlje tomDputbStotbefea,tobere toe enDureD agrcat 
 ffojmeanDatroublefomenigbt, . 
 
 %%t 6.7.ano 8.toe tocre continuallp at tlje fea,$ tljis Dap at noone tlje tomo came faire,toljere* 
 bp toe reccuercD tbe toav toijicb toe ban loit,ano faileo out offigljyt of Candia. 
 
 €be 
 
 ^reatv'eiirp 
 
 ailirru 14; 
 
 flans outcnie 
 
 tOcJFrtncD 
 
 (tatutts. 
 
 Cauo Bunco. 
 
 Jdltnttlft Cion, 
 
 JC I'jiprailcO 
 elBonna. 
 
 n great tcm* 
 IJtft. 
 
 Candi3,Goi.i. 
 Anionic Gclbtr 
 Srp.u-tsrl) tiiiS 
 Urc, 
 
fobnLocl{e. TraffiquesandDiTcoueries. m 
 
 ^ijep.toe fatlco allDap Tsatttj ayjoQjecous Xuino after 14.nuien11Oo.utc: andtb.eio.nube. 
 morning, tocetjaOtigbtofCauoMatapan.anDbpnooneofCauoGalJojinMorea, toitbtobiil) Cauo Ma'tap'aii'. 
 land toe made bp teafon of contrary toino.Uketoifc toe ^ad ftgljt of Mpdon,toidc t tlje tohicbplate m^f°' 
 toe ankercD, ©Ijis Modon is a ttrong totone, anli built in tbe fea, and ioinctlj on the jftojtlj fioe 
 totljeland. 3tbatlj a litle cattle built iutothc fea, toitbapccrc foj litle tbtps ano galleis to bar* 
 bour ttujtbatl) ontbe S>outl)Coeoftl)ecbaiiclI,tbe3[(lanDofSapienti.a,uiitl)Otbirlittc3!nanD)3 stroma, 
 all bttmbabttcD. Ebechanelllietlj ;g>outljtoettnnd jftojtbeaft uettoetmetbe 3!llam)s aim Morea, 
 toijiclj isfirmc land, ©bis Modon toas built bp tlje Venetians, but as fome fap it toas taken fro 
 tljcm bp fo jce of tbc ©ttrke.and others tip bp compofition : in like cafe Coron, and NapoJis de 0™. 
 Romania.ujbiclj is alfo in Morea©(jiS nig^t tbe Jf IcmmiQj pilgrimes being djtume tooulo baue ^ i5deRo ' 
 Uatne t&e patrone becaufe be ankcrcb here, 
 
 ©be 1 i,daptocfetfaileagaine,anD astoepafledbp Modon.toefalutco themtoitbojdinancc, 
 foj tlicp tbatpaffcbp tbisplace,muflfalutctottb ordinance, (iftbephaue>£els bpttrihing their 
 top fatlcs,foj if tbepdoe not.tlje ton>ne toill (boot at tljem, ^rjta Dap totnai d 2, of tlje cloche luce 
 paffcD bp tbe 31flano of Prodeno,tobiclj is but litle.and defert,undcr the ©urkc.Qbout 2,bourcs Prodcno. 
 befo?cmght,toebadftghtofilje31umtt>B of ZamcandCephalonia,tobich arc from Modon one zjn«mi't>ce. 
 
 IjimO^Ctb IltileiS. •• , phalonia. 
 
 ©hei2.Dapintljemoming,toithtl)etomdatiI&efl^ camc-rorntfte 
 
 the ailano of Zante. ©bis caftlc is on tbe 6rme land under tlje ©urke. ©bis nigljt toe ankreo a- ^iT 6 " 
 fo^'tbetouineofZante^beretoetbaittiigbttoentinlanD.anorctttDtbcretbei?. 14.30015, " c * 
 at nigljt toe toere toarncn aboo jo bp tbe patrone, ©Ijis nigrjt tlje fljip tooke in iritaiics and other 
 necettatics. 
 
 ©be 1 6,intbc morning toe fet Cailetottba p?ofperotis toind,and tlje 1 7. toe bad fight of Cauo ^ BS, *J™??P 
 
 de ianta Maria in Albania,on out rtgfet band.and Corfu Oil tbe left Ijand, ©his tligljttoe ankcrrd hi™, *' 1 ° Al " 
 before tlje catties of Corfu,ano toent on lano anb rcfrefbed our fclttcs. Cot<u Sflanb. 
 
 ©be 1 8,bp meanes ofafriendtoe toere licenceo to enter tbecattlc 0? fojtreffe of Corfu, tobtclj mtMmpti* 
 iBnotonelpoffituationtljettrongettabausfeencbutalfoofeDification, 3|tljatbfo? tlje Jnner S"coi r iu Cfotc ' 
 toarde ttoo ttrong catties fituateo on tbe top of ttoo bigb cragges of a rocke, a botoe ttjcot oittant 
 tbc one from tlje otber : therocfccisbnattaultablc, fojtlje fecono toarde it bath ttrong toallrs, 
 toitlj rampiers ano ttencljcs,maDe astocllasanp arte can oeuife, jfo£ the third toaroeainjbtcer^ 
 mo3,it Ijatl; bcip Qrongtoallcs toitlj rampitesof tlje rocke it felfe cut out bp fojee, ano trenched 
 about toitbtbc <§>ea. ©Ijc buHnarkes of tbe bttermott toarde are not pet finifijeo, tobicb are in 
 number but ttoo j there are conmiualtp in tlje cattle feucn hundred fouuriours. 9lfo it d atlj conti* 
 nuallpfoutetoarocs, totoit, fo?tbe(anoentrieone, fo? tlje fea entrte anotljer, ano ttoo otter 
 toaroes. 9rtillcrte ano otber munition of Defence altoapes reanie planted ttbatlif(iffictent,bc- 
 fioes tlje ftojc remaining in tbeir Ko?eljoufes, 'Cbc Venetians boio tljis fo ? tlje Uc p of all tijeir do= ^ e jn«nti of 
 ntinions.ano fo? ftrcngtb it map be no leffe* 'Zfyis JflanD is berp fruitfull anD ptentsfull of mine c °^ f*"? 
 ano come oerpgooD,anDoliues great tto?c» 'Sttjis 3lflano is parted from Albania toitlj a cljanell, p "" u * 
 in fomeplaces eigljt and ten,and in otber but tlj^ee miles, Albania is bnocr tbe Sucbc, but in it 
 are manp £b?ittians. all tlje fjo^femen of Corfu arc Albancfes ; tlje 3!Hand is not abouc 8o, } 
 9o,milesincompan*e, 
 
 ©be 19. 2o,ano 2 1 .toe remained in t^e totone of Corfu. 
 
 %,\$ 22. daptoeetoentabooioanofetfaile, tljctoino being berp calme toectoed tljeiuipall 
 tbatdap, andtotoaro Snmne fet, tlje cadle fent a Fragattabntobs^o gwe bs toarnmg of tb?cc 
 jFoittes comming after bs, fo^ tobofe comming toeepjepared andtoatcbtdallnigbt, buttbep 
 came not. 
 
 ©Oe 2 3 . dap in tlje morning being calme, toee to eo out of tlje S>treigbt, bnt ill to ee came to 
 tlje oloe totone, tobereof tbere is notljing Banding but tlje toallcs. ©bcre is alfo a neto Cljurclj 
 of t^e (Sreekes called Santa Maria di Caffopo, ano tlje totones name is called Caflopo. 3it is caitopo. 
 agooopoitc. aboutnoone toee patted tlje Ssttcigljt, aud o?eto totoard tljcenocoftbc Jfland, 
 ^autngalmottnotoind, Cbtstiigljt after fupper, bpreafon of a certaine Hollander tbattoas ?«D«ii8«roiiB 
 Dmnke, trjere arofc tit tlje fljip Tuclj atroublefome ditturbancctljatalltbe (liptoasinanbpto?c ^"'""'H 6 
 toitlj toeapons, and Ijad it not bene ratber bp (Sods Ijelpe, and tbe toifcDome and patience of 
 tbe patrone, mo je tljen bp our procurement, tljere bad bene that nigbt a great flaugljtcr , %\\\. 
 as (Sod tooulo, tbere toas no burt, but onelp tlje beginner toas put bnoer IjatcbcSjanD toitlj tbe 
 fall burt bis face berp foje.ail tljis nigbt tbe toind bleto at ^outljeafl.ano fent bs fojtoard. 
 
 ©be 24.intljc morning toee found our felues before an Jfland called Safeno, toljiclj is in tlje s a ren . 
 entrte to Valona.anD tlje toinD p?ofpcrous. vaiona. 
 
 %\t 25. oap toe toere befoje tlje bite of Antiueri, and about funne fet toee palled Ragufa, 
 
 K a and 
 
 I 
 
nz TheEngli(hVoyages,Namgations, fohnLocke. 
 
 fUllJlfltlD. 
 
 Of Lefina, ate 
 tahtn floge of 
 Sjrdirus, 
 
 Ttic gulf C Of 
 
 Quetncro. 
 
 Kouignio. 
 
 Patenio. 
 
 S.Nicoloan 
 
 3lanl>. 
 
 vitiedi. ano tbjtee boures toitbin nigljt toe anfecreo toitljin Mdeda,baumg Sdauonia 01 Dalmatia on tbe 
 tight hatiD of ijs, ann tbe toinne §>o tichtocft, 
 
 'S&be 26 in tlje morning toe fet faple, ann patten tbe tbannell bettoeeh Sdauonia ano Mdeda, 
 tobicb map be eight mile ouer at tbe ttiott. %W 3lano is bnner tbe Ragufes, at after noone 
 cunoh aftnits tuitlj a Ijarn pie at toefi ann bp noitlj toe entereo tbe cbannel! bettoeene the 3llano Curzola ano 
 tljebiIlesofDalmatia,iiitbetohicb^banneIlbemarrp rocfees, ano tbe channel! not patt? mites 
 ouer jano toe anfceren befGje tbe totone of Curzola, %W is a pjette totone toallcn about ano built 
 upon tlje fea Gne.bauing on the coppe of a rouho bill a faire (Clrarcb.Cljis 3Iano is bnner tl)e Sle* 
 netians, there grotoberpgooo bines, alfb that part totoato Dalmatia is toellpeoplcii anohuf* 
 banoeo , efpcciallp fo? toines, 3|nthefaib 3flano toe met toitb trje Venetian armic, to toit,tem»e 
 gallics, ano tb?c* fopttes. 911 that nigljt toe reruaineo there, - 
 
 %%z 27toe fet faple ano patten alongthe3IIano, ann totoatos aftemoone be patten in befo?e 
 tbe 31lano of Augufta, anb about funne fet before tbe totone of Lefina , tobereas 31 am infoimeo 
 bp the 31talians, tljep tafte all the Sardinas that tbepfpenoinltaly.Cbisnaptoebanapjofpe* 
 rotts toinne at g>outljeau\ ^be iilann of Lefina is bnner tbe tUcnetians, a berp fruitful! 3!lano 
 aniopning; to tbe maine of Dalmatia, toe left it on our right Ijann, ann patten along, 
 
 ^he 28 in tbe morning toe toere tn tbe ©ulfe of Quernero,ano about ttoo boures after noone 
 toe toere befo?e the cape of lftria, anb at funne fet toe toere at anfeer afoje Rouignio tobit b is alfo 
 inlftria ano bnner the Venetians, tohere all fyips Venetian ann others are bouno bp ojoerfrom 
 Venice to take in their pilots to goe fo? Venice. 911 tlje fommer tlje pilots lie at Rouignio, ano 
 in tomter at Parenzo.tobichisfrom Rouignio 1 8 miles bp 3$teu\ 
 
 %\)t 29 toe fet faple ano toent as farre as Parenzo, ano anfeereo tbere tbat nap,ann toent no 
 further. ' ' 
 
 VLlje 2 o in tbe morning toe rotoen to Sam Nicolo a litle 3[Iann barn bp bninhabiteo.bHt cnlp 
 
 it batb a sponatterp,$is full of fflliue trees, after matte toee returnen ann toent aboojo. Cbis 
 
 nap tbe patron bircn a TSaikz to imbarfee tbe pilgrims fo? Venice, but tbep oepartennot. 31" tlje 
 
 afternoone toe toent to fee tbe totone of Parenzo,it is a pjetie bannfome totone , bnner tbe 21e* 
 
 netians, 9ftcr fupper toee imbarftcnnur felues againe, ann tbat nigbt toeefaplen totoarc.cs 
 
 Venice, 
 
 caork (tanning ^ be ^ of December toe pafl a totone of theaenetians,vtanoing on tbe entcrp to tbe Palude 
 
 at ttjc cntrp of ojmarujes of Venice; tobicb totone is calleb Caorle,ann bp contrarp toinncs toe toere njiuen tbi« 
 
 VTOiT^*" of ^ er t0 td ^ e P°?t, ZW in °o miles from Parenzo, ann fojtp from Venice, tbere toe remapneu 
 
 tbat ntgije. 
 
 "Elje fecono ttoo boures before nap,toitlj tbe toinne at §>outbeatt , toe faplen totoarns Venice, 
 tobere toe arriuen (©00 be pjapfen) at ttoo of tbe clocke after ninner, ann lannen about foure.toe 
 toere feept fo long from fanning, becaufe toe nurtt not lann bntill toe ban piefenten to tbe Proui- 
 dor dc la Sanita, our letter of Ijealtb* 
 
 The manner of the entring of Soliman the great Turke ,with his 
 armic into Aleppo in Syria , marching towards Perfia againft the Great So- 
 phie, the fourth day of Nouember, 1552, noted by Mafler eAnthory Ienkinfon , pre- 
 sent at that time. 
 
 IJjere marcben before tbe ©rano Signior, otbertoife callen tlje Q5reat 'Zmte , 6000 
 €fperes,otljertoife callen ligbtfjojfemen berp bjaucdotben allinrcariet, 
 
 9fter, marcben 10000 men, callen Nortans.toljtclj be tributaries to tbe (great 
 Curfce, clotben all in pdloto beluet.ann bats of rtje fame,of tbe Tartar? fafljion,ttoo 
 foote long, toitb a great role of tbe fame colour about t bet r f ojebeans , whip necb.cn , toitb tljeic 
 botoes in tljeir banns, of tbe Eut biOi fabjion, 
 
 9fcertbemmarcbenfoureCaptatnes,menofarmes,canenin®urfeifJ)Saniaques, elotben all 
 foure in crimfon beluet, euerp one hamng nnner bis banner ttoelue tbouCann men of armes toell 
 ■armen toitb tljeir motrions bpontbetrljeans, marching ingoono;oer, toitb a ujojt toeapon bp 
 tljeir ftnes,caHcnin tljeir language, Simitetro. 
 
 after came 1 cJooolanizaries,callen tbe tlaues of tbe Grand Signior,alI a foote,euerp oneba« 
 uing his barquebuib, tobo be his gam.all clotben in bioiet filfec, ano apparellen bpon tbeir beans 
 toitb a ttrange fo?me,callen Cuocullucia,faQjionen in tbts foit: tbe entering in of trjefoicljeaii iff 
 Iibe a fMI mane of toljite toeluet, $ batb a traine banging ootone bebinn , tn manner of a jfrr neb 
 boooe,of tlje fame colonr, ano bpon tlje forepart of tbe fain f bull, itttt tn tbe minnes of bis fojebeao 
 tljere is Canning bolt ypjigbtlffee a trunfte of a foote long of {titter, garnifijeo moQ ricijlp toitb 
 
 ©OlB' 
 
 fflnr arrtnAlt 
 at Venice, 
 
Jnth.knl^infon. TrafFiques, andDifcoueries. 
 
 n: 
 
 l&oiBfwttba ujj jftCjdiio precious fxjnes,ano m tlje top of tlje fata iriuifee a great buaj of tubers, 
 tuljicij bJauetn up ana cowne mod bjiauclp uiljcn Ije marcljctb. 
 
 after tbi^tijEic cam loco.pacjes of bonour.ail clotljco in cloth ofgolo,tlje balfe cftljem carp« 
 tag ijr.rqu2buujcs,ano t|»e other balfe ^utUtflj botocs,toitb their truffcs of arrobJcs,maubing in 
 goooojoer. 
 
 • ^enramet!)jrcmenofarmristocHa^ 
 
 fljioit. of JLibarD ftunnes.ano murrions bpon t iicir beaos, rjjeir fpcares chargco, ano at the t no of 
 their flaffe baro bp p beao of the fpeare.a ljo?fe eaile Dten in a blooop coIcu^Vttjiclj is tljcir cnGgnc : 
 tbf p be tlje cljalengcrs toj the <£urhes obme perfoin 
 
 after tljem came leuen pages of honour in cloti) of filucr.bpen feuen tubite ljo?fcs, toljiclj be?' 
 ft? lucre rouereDtoiti) cloth offline Ml curb {obcrco ano garmujeo bath p jec tons flcnes, erne- 
 rauDS,Diamon08 3 anb rubies moll ricljlp, 
 
 Qftcr them alfo came fire mojc pages of honour, clotbeb in clotb of goto, euerp one batting Li? 
 iob)e in bis bano.ano Ijisfatoeljnie of the durbes fafbion bp his Roe, 
 
 3jmmeoiatclp after them came the great 'Curkebim&lfe id telj great pompe $ magnificence, 
 ftfing in bis count enance aub gc Dure a bJonocrfull maieftic, bailing onelp on each fin c of bis per* 
 fon one page cloibcb vuitlj cloth of golo : be Ijitiifelfc teas mounted upon a goob!p bibite bo jfe,a« 
 DO^ncDuiitbarcbeofelotbofgolo, cmbjcccuo nicff rirbip britb the moff precious fiones, ano 
 bpon bis Ijeao a gooolp tobite tucke,contatafng in length bp ctttmation fift ecne parbs,'bjljicb toaa 
 of Gibe ano Iinnen vuoucn together, r efcmbimg fometljing Callicut clotb, but is much moje fine 
 ano ricb.ano in the top of bis crobnte.a litle pinnacb of tobite D firiclj feat(,ers,ano bis Ijojfe mc it 
 ttcljlp apparelleo in all points coitefponocnc to the fame, 
 
 after fjtm folotoieo fire gooolp pong laotes 3 nioimt eobpon fine totjitc baCRiieis,cIotljeD in clotfj 
 effi!uer 3 b)bicb teete of tlje fafbion of mens garments, cmbjoocrco berp ricljlp b)itlj pearle ana 
 pKctotis ftoncs, ano bao bpon tbefrbeaos caps of tSolofmitbS toojke, batting great Rackets of 
 (jaire 3 banging out on each Goe 3 oieo as rco as blooo 3 ano the nailes of their fingers d;cd of the fame 
 colour ,euerp of tljtm Ijauing ttoo eunucljes on each fioe 3 ano litle bobjes in their Ij-mos, after an 
 Sntike fifbmtn 1 , ■ 
 
 after marcbeo £ great Bafha eljiefe contntctoj of the indole armp, clotbea tottb a robe of £)oW 
 Ipmant ctimfonjano bpon the fame another fba jt garment berp ricb,ano about bim fiftie 3ani?a= 
 ties afoote,of bis objne garbiall clotbeo in crimfon beluet,being armeo as tbe great €-urks obme 
 Janijaries. 
 
 tLfcn after enfueo t&jee ottjer Baflias,bjuf) flautf about tbem,being afoote,to tlje number of 
 thjeecboufanDmen, 
 
 after eame a companie of hotfemen berp b jaue^nu in an points toell armeo, to tbe number of 
 foure ujoufano. 
 
 ail this afo jefap armp,moff pompous to bcljolo, b^i elj bias in number foure fro? c ano eight 
 tljoufanomenjencampeo abouttbe citie of Aleppo, ano the (SranoSignior bimfelfe bias loogeo 
 tottbtn tlje t oiune ,in a gooolp caft lc,fi ttt a t e o bpon a bigb mountaine : at tbe foote ft Ik reof run> 
 netlj a gooolp riuer.biljicb is a tyanclj of t b at famous riucr Euphrates. 
 
 Cbcrcffof btsaruuepaffcD otter tlje mountaincs of Armenia calico nob) tbe moimtaincs" of 
 Camarie^bibicb are foure oapes io urnep from Aleppo, appointeo there to tarp the comming of 
 tbe ©rano Signior,b)itb tlje reff of bis armic.intenoing to marclj into Perfia,to giue battel to tlje 
 great ss>op[jie,S>o tbe biljole armie of tlje cfirano Signior, containing as toell tbofe tljat bocnt bp 
 the mountaincs, as alfo tljofe that came to Aleppo in companpbJitbbim,b3itb bo?femen jfoocc* 
 men,ano the conouetojs of the camels ano bictuals.tocte tlje number of jooooo.men, 
 Che camels tbljicbcarieo munition anobitailesfo; tlje faioarmp.bjcre in number 200000. 
 
 A note of the preterits that were giuen at the fame time in Aleppo, 
 to the grand Signior,and the names oftheprefenters. 
 
 F3Irff tlje Baflia of Aleppojtoljiclj isasa2l{cerop 3 p?efenteD ioo. garments of clotb of goto, 
 ano 25 < fanfcs. 
 
 iZtbe Bafha of Damafcojpjefenteo ioo.garmentsofclotbofgolo, ano ttocntieljojfcs, biitb 
 biuersfo?tsofcorafits,ingreatquantitie. 
 
 ■Che Bafha of Aman pjcfenteo ioo.garmentsofclotbofgolo,ao,bojfcs, anoacttpofgolir, 
 ibitb ttoo tljoufano oucbets. 
 
 Che Saniaque of Tripolis pjefenteo fir camelSjCbargeo alltoitlj filbes,ao.f;o?fes 3 ano a little 
 tlocfteof golo,garni(beD toitb pjecious ttones,cCecmeDtto?tbtb)o Ijuno^eo oucfeets, 
 
 K 3 
 
 
iz6 The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations., Ant b .lenkinfon. 
 
 VLi>z ^Lonful of tbecompanp of the Venetians m rripoiis , came to ktfle tbe grand Signiors 
 tymd,andpjefentebh:m a greac balm of gold,and therein 4ooo,duck£tg Venetians. 
 
 The fafecondu<5t or priuiledgc giuen by Sultan Solyman the greac 
 Turke,to maftcr Anthony lenkwjon it Aleppo inSyriajn theyecre 1553. 
 
 ■ VItanSolyman,&c to all&iceropcs, feaniaqttes^aiiteSjanO other cur 3u* 
 flttcrs(,f>fftKr3,anDfubiect80fTripolismSytia,Conftanttnople,Alexandtia 
 J in, Egypt, ana of all other totoncs ano cities under cur tit minion ano iunfDic i- 
 H on : W&z toill and commannd pou,tbat toben pou Qjell fee Anthony Ienkinloii, 
 J bearer of thefep?efent lettcrs^mercijant of London in England,oj his facto?,oj 
 anp other bearing tbefapd letter foj him, arriue in our pojtsand bauens,toitb 
 tits aipo?fliips,oj other beflelstohatfoeuer, tljat vou fuffcr Ijim ro lat c o> lutlaoc hismercban* 
 aife toherefoeuer it (hall fecme goon bnto bim, traffiking fa? himfelfe in all cur f ountreps ano 
 Bominions.toitbout hindering 0? anp teap ditturbing of bim, big (hip, big people o? mercbansifc, 
 ano toithout enforcing bim to pap anp other cuflome 0? toll tohatfbeuer,in anp fo?t, 0? to anp per* 
 fons tobat focttcr thep be , fatic onelp our oicinarie D u ties contained in our cuflome houfes, Uibtclj 
 toben he bath paied.toetoillrhat be be frankeand ftee,agtoellfojbimfeIfeasfojhiBpeoplejmer« 
 chandife,{hip o? ujipg.and all otherbcffels tehatfocuer : and in fo doing that he map trarfike, bar* 
 gaine,fell ano bup.laoe ano bnlade,in all our fojefapo Countrepg, lands and Dominions, in like 
 fojtt, and toith the like liberties anDpnuileoges.asthe Frenchmen ano Venetiansbfe, anoen* 
 fop, andntojeifitbeepolftble, toithout the hiuderanceojimpeadhment of anp man* . Slnofur* 
 thermoje, toec charge ano commauno all Sliccropes, ano Confute of the f rench nation, ana of 
 the Venetians, and all other Confute reGdcnttn our Countrcps,intebatpo?to?p?oumcefoeuec 
 tbcp bc,not to contfrainco? catifc toeonttraine bp themjO'thefapd SJ&iniCers anD Officers tobat* 
 fbeuerthepbe, tljefapo Anthony lenkinfon, ojhisfactoj,ojhfeferuaums,o*:deputies, o?h«5 
 merchandife, to pap anp kinD of confullagc.o 1 other right tobat fxieucr, 0? to intermeddle oi bin» 
 oer his aff aires, ana not to molcfl noj trouble him anp maner of teap, becaufe our toill ano plea* 
 fure is.that he Hjall not pap in all our Countrepg, anp other then our jntnarie cuflome* 3nd itt 
 cafe anp man binder and impeach him, aboue, ano betides tbefe our pjefent letters, tore charge 
 pou mofl erp?eflp to defend and afltfl him agapnfl the f apn Confute, and if thep mill not obep ouc 
 p jefent commandf ment.that pou aduertifebs cljereof^tjat toe map take fuch joer fa* the fame, 
 that others map take erampletherebp,$f)o*.eouet,toecommaund all out Captaines of our ©al« 
 lies, ann their Lieutcnants,be thep foifles 0? other Sleflels, that tohen thep wall finoe the fapo 
 lenkinfon, ojhisfactoj, htelhipojibips, toith his feruaunts and merchandife, that thep hure 
 him not neither in bodp no; goods, but that rather thep afftff and defend bim agapnS all f uc h as 
 feeke to doe him toiong, and that thep apde and helpe him toith bitailes, according to his toant, 
 and that tohofoeuer (ball fee thefe p?efcntg,obep the fame, as tbf p toill auopo the penalt te in oo-= 
 tngthecontrarp. Spade in Aleppo of Syria,tbepeere 961. ofourbolppjophet Mahomet, ano 
 wthepeereofjiefas, 1 553. wgnedtoitljtfoe tcepterannCpet of the grand Signior, toith hist 
 otone pjoper band. 
 
 Adifcourfeofthetradeto pwyntheyeere 1 5 6p.madeby Gafpar 
 Campion, vnto maftcr <JWichaetLocke,zna vnto matter William Winter ,zs by 
 his letter* vnto them both fhall appeare. Written the 14. of February. 
 
 1 5 6 9» m -^sn^o^^sJ] ©jthipfull air,$e.3ls thefe dapes pafi 3 fpafte bnto pou about the pjoeure* 
 
 mem of afafeeonduct from the great 'Curkejfojatrade to Chio : ^hetoap 
 and maner boto it map be obtained toith great cafe (ball plainlp appeare bn* 
 to pou in the lines follotoing. !^ir , pou (ball under fland that the J Hand of 
 Chio in time pafl bath bene a Signioric 0? to?dfl)tp of it felfe, ano did bclono; 
 bnto the Genowaies. Cheretoere 14. of thf tljatgouernedtbe illano toljiclj 
 
 —I toere called Maunefes. 'Kutincontinuaunceoftimetbe^urketoaredfo 
 
 flrongandmightie.thatthep.confideringtbeptoerenotabletokeepeit, bnleuethep (bould be* 
 come h'S tributaries, becaufe the 3Hand had no come, no? anp kind of bitailes to fuflaine them* 
 felucs , butonelpthattoljichmuflofnecem'tiecomeoutoftbeCurkesdominiong, andtbefapd 
 tfland being inclofed toith the lEurks round about,and but 1 a.miles from the ^LurkS Continent, 
 therefore the faid Genowaies did compound and agree to be the burkes tributaries, and to pap 
 htm i4ooo,thoufand ducatcspcerelp, aitoapesp}ouided,tbat trjep ujould keep t&eir latoes both 
 
 tpiruuall 
 
— ^— ■ — ^^— «^ — — I ■ — ■ ■■ !■■■■■■ — .. . , 
 
 Gajpar Qampion. TrafFiques, a nd Difcoueries. i z 7 
 
 fpictmaltano temporal!, as tljep omtoljcii the JUano tuasiuajcic oumebanDs. «_l)us he grancco 
 
 tljem tbetr p^iuilcoofc , toijtcljttjcptnupeo fo?manppecrcs, fo that all Grangers, ano alio mnnp 
 
 (EngltiijmentiiDCtanet^tffjerononscoiitinuaiiCf.anbUJcntanDcametnrafar. 3ltubismeane 
 
 time.thc p;mce Pedro Doria (being a (6c nonois) became a captaine to ferueihc Cmpcreur toiih ^rec aajincc 
 
 300? 40 gallics againtttfoe Surfer, 9no fince that time DiuccsctOcc captatnes bclongmgto ^£1^ 
 
 Genoa fjauc bene intbeferuiecofkmgPhiHpaganlltlieEuihe, spououer, tohenfoeuettlje s^'u^unon; 
 
 <Iurkemaoeout anparmp, Ije pcrcciuco tfjat no nntion siti him mojc hurt then tljofecSenouois, *' "^"P" *' 
 
 tohotoerehts tributaries. Liketoifeattl;e<Eur(«8 liege of Malta, befb?c mhichplacehelaps 
 
 great tohile, toithlolTeofhismen, anoalfoofhisgailics, bcfotmotionefa trouUlefomcotitoljts 
 
 fb?re, as one Iuanette Doriaa ojenetmts, ano oiuerE otters of the 3lanc of Chio, tobo tocrc bis iumme D<m«. 
 
 tributaries. 9t tohich Ggtjcrje tooke fticb cifpleafure agair.lt them of Chio, that he Cent certatne 
 
 ofljisgalIiestotbe3Hano, fo? to fcifeUpon alltfjc gooDs of the 24 Mauncfcs, anotoiurnctbem srbe wmoo 
 
 toitb their toiues ano cbilc?en out of the 31Iano,but tbep tooulo let none other ocpart,becaufe the SSJSJraS 
 
 Slano (houlD not be tonpcoplec, !§>o that noto the Clarke hath ft nt one of Ijts ctjtctc men to rule tipt&c^urkr. 
 
 there t tohcrebp noto it uitll be mo?e eaffe fo? bs to obtainc our fafcconoucc then eucr it toas be= 
 
 foie. jFoj if tlje rotoiic fmen of Chio bio knob) that tee inoulc trace thither (as toe oio in rimes 
 
 pail) thep themfelues, ano alfo the cuflomcr (fo? the tEurkc in all his Dominions cottj rent his tu= 
 
 flomes) tooulo bethe cbufelfp?ocurerofthisour fafeconouctfo?hisotonegaine : tohichisno 
 
 fmaH matter :fo? toe can pap no letfe then ten in the huno?eotbo?otoouttbe<i£ttrk$tohoieDomi= sr&ernnome 
 
 nion, 3lntomuch,thac if one of our (hippes fhoulo go tbithcr.it tooulo befo? the ctifiomcrs p?ofit 1°^°"'^" 
 
 4ooooucatsatleaff, tohereas if toe fljoulo not trace ibither, be mouloiofefomucb, aifotbe mtuetpjjun. 
 
 nurgef[es,anothecommonpeople tooulo be toerpglao of our trace tbere,fo? the<£cmmunaltpoo ^"^ 
 
 get mo?e bp our countrepmen then tbcp Do bp anp other nation tobatfbeuer j fo? toe co bfe to bttp cutm me n 
 
 manp of their filke quilts, ano oftheirScamacoanoDimice, thatthcpoo?c people make m that ^mS* 
 
 totone, mo?etljenanpothernatiou, fothattoetooulonotfoglaolptrace, but the people of the nrch.ottc'iuu. 
 
 countrep tooulo bettoife to totlling. aBherefo?e thep themfelues tooulCbeamcanesUntotheir "£° ,|,et "* ! 
 
 gottcrnour, bp their petition to bring this traceto pafle : giutng him to bneerffano that of all nati* 
 
 ens in the too?lc toe 00 htm leaft hurt , anc that toe map Co hie countrep great gooo in confumt'ng 
 
 thofe commocittes tohich his countrep people make, jfitrthermo ?e,'.ttocr£ farre mo?e rrquifite 
 
 that toe (IjoulD carp our otone comrnoci t i cs , t ben to fnffer a Granger to carp them t bit her,f 0? that 
 
 toe can affoo?c them better cbeape then a Granger can, 31 to?ite not this bp bearefap of other men, 
 
 but of mine oton erpericnce,fo? 31 baue traoec in the countrep aboue this 3 o peres,anD haue bene 
 
 marieo in the totone of Chio full 24peres, fo that pou map affurc pourfelfc that 3l toilltorite no* 
 
 thing but truth* jftoto 31 toil! oeclarebntc poti the toares ami commocittes that are in tlje coun- 
 
 trepesneete abontChio. Chere are berpgooo galles, thebeftfb?ttohereefarefoloinEngiand cim nmeof 
 
 Bueujillingsoeerer then anp other countrep galles. ^hereisalfb cottentoooll,tanntc^ioes, Soaiu/sSiie 
 
 ftioes nt the haite, toare,cbamlets, mocapares, grogeramsf, Hike of Diners countrepes, co?oouan tw&m chio. 
 
 f kinncs tannec tohite, to be mace blacke, of them great quantity , anc alfo cottrfe toooll to make 
 
 Lees, t&lje na turall commocittes gcotoing in the llano it felfe are filke ratoe, anc maQicke. 2Df 
 
 tbefe commocitiesf there are laoen pecrelp ten 0? ttoelue great (hips of Genoa, befioes Euro? fire 
 
 that 00 belong to the totone of Chi o,tohich mips arefraughteofo? Genoa,Me(iina,anD Ancona. 
 
 9nc noto tbat the Maunefes anc the chiefe merchants of Genoa are baniujec , the tr<>oc is cleane 
 
 to (t,bp reafon tohcreof merchaneife mud noto of necelfitp be better cheape then thep baue bene in 
 
 times pau\ 'But pet tohen all thofe flups etc trace to the countrep, 9 alfo our tbfps, toeneuer hats 
 
 !eue then tlj?ee kintals of galles fo? a carfie,anc in Ehgla nd toe folo them fo? 3 5 anc 3 6 drillings 
 
 lhel)anc?eo, 9no tohereas noto tbcp are b?oughtbp the Venetians , tljep fclltbem bntocs fo? 
 
 th?ee pouno tenne flrillrags , anc fottrc pounc the hunc?eo. 3lfo toe bao th?ee kintals of cotten 
 
 toooll to? a carfie,ano foloe the toooll in England fo? 50 (billings 0? 3 pounc at the mod, tohereas 
 
 noto tlje 3Ita!tans fell the fame to bs fo? 4 pounc 1 o Chillings ano j pouno the bunojeo. J n like 
 
 matter chainlets, tohereastoe hao th?ec pieces, ano of the bed fo?t ttoo ano a halfefo? a carfie, anc 
 
 toulo not fell them aboue 20 millings anc 22 millings tbepicce, the? ftUthemfe? 3oano 3 5 mil* 
 
 lings theptece, aifo grogerams.tohrretoe hao ofthebed,ttoo pieces anoabalfefo?acarfie,thcp 
 
 fell them fo?foureibfllings anofourrlhtllmgs ano fire pence the pare. Carpetstbefmallerfo?t 
 
 tohicb lerue fo? cupboo?cs,toehao th?ee fo? a carfie : tohereastoe at themofl cpulc not fell them 
 
 but fo? 20 Ihillings the piece, thep fell them fo? 3 y (hillings the piece, 9no fo allotber commoti* 
 
 ties tljat the Venetians 00 b?ing, thep fell them to bs fo? the thiropart mo?e gainestben toe our 
 
 felues in thofe capes that toe traoec in thofe parts, liketoife the barrels of oile that thep bring 
 
 fromCandia, toe neuercoulo fell them abouefoure nobles the barrel!, tobere thep Cell them air 
 
 toapes to? 5 o (hillings 9 3 pouno the bar rcll. CClhat great pit v is t bjs,that toe (houlc lofe fo goon 
 
r 
 
 cilre foi out 
 s-lottimg facte 
 cbcaprr t&cn 
 
 Slit Df Spain*. 
 
 1 16 1 he E nglifli V oyages,Nauigations, Gajpar Qampwn. 
 
 a traDe,ano map Ijaue it m out otone Ratios, ano be better toelccme to iljat countrep then tijc Ut« 
 rsecians, <po?eouer, tlje SHenctians come toerp little to Chio, fo? their mod trace is into Alexan- 
 dria. 3no fo j to atfttre pou that toe bao tbefe con'.moDittcg in barter of cur carGes,looke into pouc 
 fathers boohs, ano tbe bocks of §>ir Iohn Grcfham, ano Ijis tyetljjcn, ano pou tballnnoe toljat 3j 
 banc fapo to be true. 
 3B!Urt8pi»«8 3lfo pou fcnoto, tbat toe are fo?ccii to fecke oiles out of Spaine.anD tljat fo? tbefemanp pcere $ 
 
 S»" e rSm» ap ^ e ? ,,aue bEne *° lDe fo ? 2 J V omX> anC ? ° V ovm ^ e tume '' tob etea ?M lBe can obtaine tbe fo?e* 
 fapo fafeconDuct from tbe &urke, tl; ere ate Diners places in bis Dominions, tobere toe map laoe 
 5ootunnes , at 5 pounciterling tbe tunue. Replaces are Modon, ana Coron, toljicb are but 
 ttoelue miles Diftant tlje one from tljcotrjer, anD do llano in out toap to Chio, as pou map plainly 
 fee bp the CarD, 3lfo tbefe are places tobe re toe map totter our otone commoDittes, ano not one« 
 lp tbefe ttto places.but manp otbers,tobere tee map baue otlcs,ano Jjebetter bfco tbtn toe are in 
 Spaine, tutjere tocpapberpocat e, and alfo are b erp euill int r cat c manp toapes, as to pou is not 
 totknotoen, giotbatbp tbefe meaner (if the marcbants toill) toemapbeeafeo, anDbauefucba 
 iracens ttjc Itfteisnotin€^illcn6omc, ji2oto,as fo? caning tbe fafccoitouct.if 3 toere but able 
 tofpenBoncbtmDOTpoimDsbp tljcpccre, J tooulD be bouno to lofe it, if tljac 31 oio not obtaine 
 tbe fo?efapD fafeconDuct. JFoj 3! knoto tbat if tbe inhabitants of Chio tto but tbinkc tbat toee 
 tooulo trace tbitber againe, tbep at tbeir otone coil tooulo procure to bs a fafeconDuct, teitbout a* 
 np penp of charges to tbe marcbants. §>o tljac if tlje merchants toill but beare mp cbargtB to fo-- 
 licit tbe caufc,31 toill bnoertakc it mp fclfe, £23berefo?e 3 p?ap pou fyeabe to sp. Winter ano tlje 
 other marcbants.tijattbis matter map take effect. $no let me bauc pcur anftoere herein aflbone 
 as conuenientlp pou map , fo? tbat tbe time of tbe peere D?atoct lj nigh that t bis bufmdTc mutt be 
 Bone. %\)V® 31 commit pou to 23oD,anD reft altoapcs pours to commano. 
 
 Yours as your fcruant (/ajpar Campion, 
 
 To the worfhipfull M. WiUiamWmter. 
 
 ©mappleafepourtocijffrip to bnoerttanD, tbat as concerning tbe bopagcta 
 Chio, tohae great p?onttuouiD be gotten, botljfo? martljants . ano alfo fo? 
 otoners of Grippes (as it toas toell knotoen in tbofe Dapes toljcn tbe Matthew 
 Gonfon, tbe Trihitie Fitzwilliams, anD the Sauiour of Biifto w, toitb Dlttcrs 0* 
 tber (hips toljtcb traoeo tbitber perelp, ano mace tbeir bopage in ten 0? ttoelue 
 monetbS,anDtbefongeflinapterc) $j. Francis Lambert, gp, Iohn Brooke, 
 anb £©. Drauer can truelp info?me pou beereof at large* 2nD Ipreafontljat toeebaue not 
 traoeD into tbofe parts tbefe manp peeres, anD tbe % tir fee is grotoen mtgbtp, toberebp our Chips 
 Doe not traoe as tbep toere tooont , 31 finDe tbat tbe Venetians Doe b?ing tbofe commoDities bt* 
 tber, anD Dcefell tljcmfo? Double tbe baluc tbat toe our felucs toere accuttomett to fetch tljcm. 
 CttljL - rcfo?c , as 31 am inf jmeo bp tlje aboue nameo men , tbat there is none fo fit to furniu) t bis 
 bopage as pouc felfe : mp rcqueft is tbat (bete map be a ujtppe of conuenient burthen p jcparco 
 fo 1 this bopage, ano then 31 toill fat iffic pou at large tobat is to be oone tbercim Sua becattfe tbe 
 'Cirrke, as 3l'fapD before, is toaren flrong, anD batbput out tbe £b?iffian rulers, anoplaceDljis 
 otone fubiects, toe map Doubt toljetbet toe map fo peacealp traDe tbitber astoe toere tooont? 
 therefore 31 Dare bnDertake to obtaine a fafeconDuct, if mp charges map Be borne to goe ano 
 come. Oftbctoapboto this map be Done, s$. Locke can fatiffie pou at large. 90o?couer,31cati 
 infonne pou moje of the traoe of tbat count rep,tben anp other, fo? tbat 31 baue bene in tbofe parts 
 tljefetbirtp peeres, ano baue bene marrieo in tbe berptotone of Chio full foureanD ttoentp. 
 peres* jFurtbermoje, tobenone ofouribipscommctbtbitber,tbepb?ingattbeleafl(ijreo?etgbe 
 tboufanocatfies, fo tbattbecuflome thereof is pjofitabIefo?tbep?ince, anDtbereturneof tbem 
 is profitable to tbe commonpeople. ; fo? in barter of our toares, toe tooke tbe commooitics tiftcb 
 the poo jeoftljat totone matte in tljeir boufes : fo tbat one of out fljippes bjousbt tbe p?ince ano 
 reuntrcp mojc games tben fire fljips of otber nations, ^betoant of this out traoe tbitber toas 
 tbe cnelp caufe tobp tbe (£b?ittian rulers toere DilplaccD : fo? toben tbeppaptt not tbeir perelp trf* 
 bute,tbeptoereputcutbvfo?ce, ^oHcbingtbeujiptbatmuCgo,lbemuflObferuetbiso?Der,(be 
 mutt be au)ip of countenance, anD fijc mutt not toucb iti anppart of Spaine, fo? tbe times areoan< 
 gerous,no? take in anp lacing ibttc : but (be mutt laoe in England, eitbtr gooosof our otone, of 
 els of Crangers, ano go to Genoa 0? Legorno, tobcre toe map be toel tntreatcD, ano from tbence 
 fbe muttmabe ber moncp to bup toines.bp ercbange to Candia,fo? there bctb cuttcme 5 crcljange 
 are reafonable : ano not Do as tlje Math. Gonfon $otber DjipsDittintimepaCtobomaDefaleof 
 
 ■ ibtit 
 
 GaCpar Cimpion 
 ninrif Din Chio 
 24 ptttte. 
 
% be iojje of Famag. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 117 
 
 ttjeir wares at Meffina fo? the lading of their mines , and paped foj turning their tohite moncp 
 
 into goldc after fattre and Sue in the hundjctb.and alfo did bayard tbe Iotfe of fhtppc and goons bp 
 
 carping atoap thett monep. 3Dhus up tfje afojefapo courfe toe fljall trade quit tlp,and not be fub- 
 
 trtt to tljefe Dangers, JaifofromLegornotoCaftilladelamar, tobichisbut i<5 miles from &to?eof 
 
 Naples, anot&ereaDptoaptoCandia.poumapIadeboopcs, tohichtoill coftcarolins of Naples at°c?fiiiifd?b 
 
 27 and a baife the tbflutand, tohicb is ducats ttoo and a halfc of Spaine. and in Candia foj eucrp ™ re f °J c ">- 
 thoufanbof hoopspoulhallhaueabut of Spalmefepcleareofall charges, 3nfbmuchthatafhtp 
 
 of the burden of the Mathew Gonfon toill carp foure ljuno jeth thoufano hoops, fo that one thou* 
 fand ducats toiil lade ber,and this is an bfual trade to Candia.as 9^,Michael Locke can teOtttr, 
 furthermore , itisnottoifenotoentopou, thattheoilestohichtoeoofpcmiin England ft? our 
 cloth, are brought out of Spaine, and that uerp deare, and in England toe cannot fell them under 
 
 28 pound and 30 pound the tunne : afaptoemapbauegooooile, and better cljeape in oiucrs 
 places tottht'n the (freights, anhercfojetfpoutbinke good to take this Dopage in hand, 31 toill 
 infomte pou moje particularlptohm poupleafe, 31nthe meanetimc 3 reft pour toojfljipsto 
 command, 
 
 gOMS at pour plcafure Iafpet Campion. 
 
 The true report of the (lege and taking ofFamagufta, of 
 
 the antique writers called Tamajfus, a city in Cyprus 1 5 7 1. 
 
 Inthe which the whole order of all the skirmifhes 3 batteries, 
 
 mines, and afTaults giuen to the fayd fortrefle, may plainly 
 
 appeare. Englifhed out of Italian by 
 
 William (JWalm. 
 
 To the right honourable and his Angular good Lord , and onely 
 
 Patron the Earle oiLeieeHer, Baron of Denbigh, Knight of the honourable 
 order of theGarter,one of the Queenes Maiefties moll honourable priuy Gouncell &c. 
 William ^talint wiiheth long health with increafe of honour. 
 
 Thath bene a naturall inftinct (right honourable and mine efpeciall good 
 lord) ingraffed in noble perfonages hearts,much approued and confirmed 
 alfo by cuftome , for them to feeke from time to time, by fome meanes in 
 theirlife, bythe which they after their death might deliuer ouer their 
 name to their pofteritie :leaft other wife with their body ,their fame alfoal- 
 together might perchance be buried. Vpon the which confederation we 
 reademany notable and famous things to haue bene ere<5ted in time paft 
 of noble perfonages (hauing had wealth at will) in fuchfort, thatnotonelycertaineruinesof 
 the fame fumptuous works builded fo many hundred yeres paft, do ftill remaine, but alfo the 
 molt part ofthofe princes, the authours of them, do continually by them dwell in our memo- 
 ries. As the Pyramidesm&ds at Memphis, or neere the famous riuer ofNtlus, by the great ex- 
 penfes of the kings of Egypt : the tower called 'Pharia , made in the Hand of Pharos by king 
 Pto/omee: the walks oiBalyloa, made orattheleaftreedifiedbyqueene.S'fw/VvMwif .• Dianas 
 church at Epbefos builded by all the noble perfons oiiAfia : LMaufolns toome or fepulchre, 
 made by his wife queene of Carta: Colojfus £«/# placed at Rhodes, I remember not by what 
 Princes charge , but made by the hands of Cares Lindius fcholar to Lyjifpus: and the image of 
 /«p/r«-,madeof Yuory by the hands of the skilfull workman Tbydtaf. The which monuments 
 made of barbarous and heathen Princes to redeeme themfelues from obliuion deferued both 
 for the magnificence,and perfect workmaiifhipofthefame, to be accounted in thofedayes as 
 the feuen woonders of the world, Sincethe which time, an cafier, readier, and lighter way, 
 being alfo of more continuance then the former, hath bene found out, namely, Letters, which 
 Were firft inuented by the Caldies and Egyptians, as we reade,and augmented lince by others, 
 to our great benefit, and now laft of all (no long time paft) the fame tofiaue bene committed 
 to Printers prefTes, to the greateft perfection of the fame : men being firft inforced to write 
 their aftes and monuments in beafts skinnes dried, in barkes of trees, or other wife perchance 
 as vnreadily. Bythe which benefit of letters (now reduced into print) we fee how eafiea 
 thingitis, and hath bene fornoble perfons, to liue for cuet bythe helpe of learned men. For 
 the memory of thofe two woorthy and valiant captaine:s5c//»w and Hannibalhzd bene long 
 
 before 
 
n8 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The JoffeofFamag. 
 
 before this prefent quite forgotten, except Titus Lihsus, or iome fuch learned Hilionographer 
 had writcen of them in time. And Alexander Magnus himielie that great conquerour had 
 nothing beene fpoken of, had not Q^Cttrtius , or fome other like by his learned liile reuiued 
 the remembrance of him, and called backe againe his doings to his pofteritie. For the which 
 caufe we fee commonly in all ages learned men to be much made of by noble perfonages, as 
 that rare paterne of learning Arifiode to haue bene greatly honoured of that former renow- 
 medMonarch^/f.va^fr: who affirmed openly, that he was more bound to his Matter .^r/- 
 slotle ,then to king Philtp his father,becaule the one had well framed his minde,the other one- 
 ly his body. Many other like examples Icould alledge at this prefent,if 1 knew not vnto whom 
 1 now wrote,or in what : for your honour being skilfull in hiltories,and fo familiarly acquain- 
 ted with the matter it felfe, that is in ftill entertaining learned men with all curtefie, I fhould 
 feemc tolight a candle at noone tide, to put you in remembrance of the one, or to exhort you 
 to doe the other, daylybeingaccuftomedtoperforme the lame. CraJfushythinTultiestit& 
 booke, De Orators : that a Lawyers houfeis the oracle of the whole cine. But I can mftly wit- 
 nefle, that for thefe fiueyeeres laft paft, fince my returne from my trauell beyond the leas, that 
 your lodging in the Court (where I through your vndeferued goodnefle to my great comfort 
 do dayly frequent) hath bene a continuall receptacle or harbour for all learned men comming 
 from both the eyes of the lealmejCambridge, and Oxford (of the which Vniuerfity yourlord- 
 fhip is Chanceller) to their great fatisfa£tion of minde,and ready difpatch of their luies. Efpc- 
 cially for Preachers and Minifters of true religion: of the which you haue beene from timeto 
 time not onely a great fauourcr, but an earneitfurrherer, andproteclour: fo that thefe two 
 nurferies of learning (in one of the which I haue beforeihis fp entpart of my time, that I may 
 fpeake boldly what lthinke)(hould wrongyour honour great'y.and much forget themfelues, 
 if by all meanes poffible they fnculd not heerafter (as at this prefent to their imal powers ma- 
 ny well learned gentlemen of them do) labour and rrauell in (hewing of themfelues thanke- 
 full, to reuerence and honour your lordfTiip,and honeft theii ovi ne names : whofe ftudies ccr- 
 . teinly would [iiddenly decay and fall flat, if they were not held vp by iiich noble ptoppes, and 
 had not fome fure ankerholds in their diftreffe to leane vnto., How ready dayly your trauell 
 is, and hath long beene befides to benefit all other perfons, inwhomanyfparkeofvertueor 
 honeftyrem»ineth, I need not labour to exprefle, the world knowing already the fame. But 
 whofoeuertheybe, that in all their life time haue an cfpeciallcareby all meanes toprofitas 
 many as they be able, and hurt nonc,do not onely a laudable ac3, but leade a perfect and very 
 godly life. Whereupon Strabo afnrmeth this moil trucly to be fpoken of them : Mortalestum 
 demum Deum imitart,cum beneficifserwt. That is,Mortall men then fpecially to follow the na- 
 ture of God, when they are beneficiall and bountiful! toothers. Great commendation vn- 
 doubtedlyit bringeth to any noblepetfonage, thatastheMoone, that light and brighmefie 
 ■which fhe leceiueth of the Sun, is wont prefently to fpread abroad vpon the face of the earth, 
 totherefrefhing and comforting of allinferiourandnaturallthingsbearinglife : fo for him, 
 tobeftowall that fauour and credit, which he hath gotten at the princes handes, tothehelpe 
 and reliefeofthe wootthyand needy. Great is the force (my right honourable lord) of true 
 vertue, which caufeth men, as Tuty writeth in his booke DeAmicitia,tobe loued & honored 
 oftofthofe perfons, which neuerfaw them. Whereoflneuerhadbetterproofe (I take God 
 & mine one confcicnce to witneffe,the which I declared alfo to certaine of my friends aflbone 
 „ - Maim ** ^ returne( ^) tnen at my laft being at Confiantinople, in the yere of our Lord 1 5 64, whereas I 
 arConftanci. oftrcforting (as occafion fcrued) to the right honorable Chriftianambafladors,while I made 
 nople i J64. m y a (-, oc j e there(namely vnto Monfew Antonio Petrimol^eger there for the French kino, Sig. 
 M-fJiBor "Bragadino, for the fegniory of Venice, Sig. Lorenzo Cmslimano, for the flate of Seio, 
 or Cte/,and Stg.Albertaciodelh Alberti,foi the d uk e of Flore nee) heard them often report and 
 fpeake very honorably of your lordfhip.partly for your other good inclinations of nature,buc 
 efpecially for your liberality,& courteous intreating of diuers of their friends & countrymen, 
 which vpon fundry occasions had bene here in this our realme. So that to conclude , all tnen 
 iuftly fauour your honourable dealings and deferts : andlformyparthauereuerencedand 
 honoured the fame euermoreboth here at home, and elfwhereabroad.wifiiing often to haue 
 had fome iuft occafion to pay part of that in good will , which my flenderabilitie will neuer 
 fufferme fully to difcharge. For vnto whom fhould I fooner prefent any thing any way,efpe- 
 cially concerning matters done abroad, then vnto yout Iordfliip, by whom I was much cheri- 
 {hed abroad in my trauell,and mainteined fince my returne here a t home? For the which caufe 
 I haue enterprifed (hoping greatly ofyourlordfhips fauour herein) to clothe and let forth a few 
 Italian ne wes in our Englifh attire, being firft raooued thereunto by the right worfhipfull M. 
 
 DWilfon 
 
The lojje ofFamag. Traffiques 7 and Difcoueries. j 19 
 
 DJVilfon Mafter of her Maicfties Rcqueits,yuur honouis allured trully fnend,a great & pain- 
 full furtherer of learning, whom I,and many ocherfordiuers refpects ought to reuerence : who 
 remembring th at I had bene at Cyprus, was willing that my pen fhould trauell a bout the C hri- 
 itian and Turkifli affaires,which there lately haue happened : perl wading himfelfc.thatlbme- 
 what thereby I might benefit this our natiue countrey. Againft whofc reafonable motion I 
 could not greatly wreftle, hazzarding rather my flender skill in attempting and performing 
 this his requeued taske, then he through my refulall fhould fceme to want any iot of my food 
 will. In offering vp the which newes, although 1 fhall preient no new thing to your honour, 
 beeaufe you are fo well acquainted with the Italian copy, aslknow : yet I trull your lordihip 
 will not miflike, that the lame which is bothpleafanttoreade, and fo neceflaryto be knowen 
 for diuers of our captaines and other our countreymen , which ate ignorant in the Italian 
 tongue, may thus now fhew it fclfe abroad, coueredvnder the wing ofyourlordfhips prote- 
 ction. Certeinly it mooueih me much to remember the lofle of thole three notable Hands, to 
 the great difcomfort of all Chiftendome, tothofe hellifhTurkes, horfelccchcs ofChrillian 
 blood : namely Rhodes befieged on S. lohn Bapufls day.and taken on Iobns day the Sutw^elifl, Rbod« ioo< 
 being the 27 of December 1 5 2 2, Sao or Chios being loft fince my being there,takcn ol Tiatt s«o lott. 
 2?/z/Z><*with8ogaI!ies,the i7ofApril 1566. AndnowlaftofallnotcnlyFrfw^gw/^thechicfe 
 holde&fortrcflein Cyprus to haue bene loft of the Venetians the 15 ofAuguh lali paft 157 1 Cypimiofr, 
 (the chicfe gcuetnors & captaines of the being he wen in funder by the comandement of chat 
 tyrant Muflafa Bafia] but all the whole Hand alio to be conquered by thofe cruell Tutki, anci- 
 ent profefled enemies to all Chriftian religion. In the which euill fuccelTe (commingtovsas 
 I take it for our offences) as I lament the generall lolfe : fo I am lurely penfiue to vndcrftand by 
 this too true a report of the vile death oftwo particular noble gentlemen o{Venice,Sig,M.Lo- 
 renzj Tiepolo, and Sig. Af. Giomnni Antonio Quertni : of both the which 1 in my trauaile was 
 very courteoufly vfed, the former ofthem being then (as now alfo he was in this ouerthrow) 
 gouernour of Baffb in Cyprus, the other captaine of one of the caflels at Corcyra in Greece,noW 
 called Corfu. But things paft are paft amendment, and they could neuer die more honoura- 
 bly,then in the defence of their countrey. Befides that the late blowes, which the Turks haue 
 receiued fince this their fury , in token ofGods wrath againft them t do much comfort euery 
 Chriftian heart. Moreouer this vniforme preparation w hich is certainly conduded,and forth- 
 with looked for, by very many Chriftian Princes (wouldGodby all generally) againft thefe 
 barbarous Mahometifts : whole cruelty and bcaftlybehauiourl partly know, andamableto 
 iudge ofjhauing bene in Turky amongft them more then eight moneths together. Whole vn- 
 faithfulnefie alfo and breach ofpromife, as the Venetians manly courage in defence ofthem- 
 felues.and their fortrefle,your honour may cafily reade in this fhort treatife and fmall handfull 
 ofleaues,IhauingfetdownealfoafhortdefcriptionoftheIlandofC)/'r»/, for the better vn- 
 derftanding of the whole matter. The which I not onely moil humbly beleech your honour 
 now fauourably toacceptasanearneftpenyofmoretocome, andofmyprefentgood will: 
 but with your accuftomed goodneffe towards me, to defend the fame againft; fuch pcrfons, 
 whofe tongues too readily roule fometime againft other mens painfull trauels , perfvvading 
 themreluestopurchafethefoonerfome credit oflearning with the ruder fort, by controlling 
 and ouerdaintie lifting of other mens laboured tasks. For I know in all ages to be found as 
 well Bafilisks as Elephants. Thus nothing doubting ofyour ready aydheetein, aslaffuredly 
 truft ofyour honours fauourable acceptation of this my pooreprefent,wifhing long life with 
 the increafe ofGods holy fpirit to your Jordfhip and to all your moll honourable familie (vnto 
 whom I haue wholly dedicated my felfebymineownechoifeand election for euer) I, cra- 
 uingpardon for my former boldneffe , moll humbly thus take my lcaue, From Lambhitb the 
 33 ofMarch. exto./jy.?. 
 
 Your honours moll humble and faithfull fetuant 
 for tuziyWilltam Lftlaltm. 
 
 Abriefe defcription of the Hand of Cyprus : by the which not one- 
 ly the Venetians title why they haue fo long enioyed it, but alfo the Turks, 
 whereby now heclaimethit,may plainly appeare. 
 
 52§pj^$HeIlandof Cyprus is inuironed with diuers feas : fot Weftward it is wafhedwich 
 V^ ||0 the fea called "Tamphi/ium : Southward , with the fea nAlgjptmm : on the Eaft part, 
 jte.' ^^withthefcaS>r**«».-and Northward, with the feacalledC/7*«»w. The which 1= 
 ■^SSWv* land in time paft had diuers names : called once s/lcamantk , as Sdbslltcm witnef- 
 
 ieth. 
 
' I - ■ " ■■" ■'■ ■ " ' I 
 
 120 T he E ngliiTi VoyagesJMauigationS;, The lojje ofFamag. 
 
 feih. Tb.lomdes maketh mention, that ic was called lometirae Cerajis, Xenogoras wnteth, 
 that is was named A(pelia,Amatbufa,oi Macaria. There were in rimes paft fifteene cities or 
 famous townes in it,but now very few , amongft the which Famagufta is the chiefeft & (Iron- 
 gefr, fituated by the lea fide. There is alfo Ntcojta, which was woon t, by the traflfike of Mar- 
 chants, to be very wealthy -.befides the city o(Bf.jfo,Arnica^aline > Lin3i£h,Melipota?no,&c £pu 
 fcop:a. Timofihenes affirmeth, that this Hand is in compafie 429 miles : and Arthemidortu wri- 
 teth the length of the fame to be 1 62 miles.meafuring of it from the Eaft to the Weft,betwixc 
 two promontories named Dinaretta and Acamanta. This Hand is thought to be very rich, a- 
 bundaiitofWine, Oile, Graine, Pitch, Rczin, Allum, Salt, andofdiuerspreciousflones, 
 plcafant, profitable, and neceffary for mans vfe , and much frequented ofMarchants of Syria, 
 vnto the which it lieth Yery nere. It hath bene, as Plmie writeth,ioyned fometime with Syria, 
 as Sicilia hath beene alfo with Italy. It was a long time fubiedt vnto the Romans, after to the 
 Perfians , and to the Soldan of^Algjpt. The (elfcfame Hand was fometime alio Enghfh, be- 
 ing conquered by king 7^£cW^thefirft, in his voyage to H'erufalem in the yecre of our Lord 
 119:, Who (as Polydore writcth in his fourteenth booke of our Englifti hithorie) being prohi- 
 bited by the Cypribttes from avriuall there, inuadedand conqueredthc fame foone after by 
 force : and hauing left behindehim fufficient garrifons tokeepethe fame, departed from 
 thence to Ptolemayda : who afterward exchanged the fame with (jftjr of Lufignan, thatwas 
 the laft chriftened king offfierufilemfor the fame kingdome. For the which caufe the kings 
 of England were long time after called kings of ' Hierufalem. And laft of all,the Venetians haue 
 enioyeditoflatealongtime , in this order following. In theyeere of our Lord 1470, Iobn 
 king of the fayd Hand , fonne to/anus otLufignan, had by /&/<■» his wife, which was ofthc 
 Emperiall houfe of Paleologxs, one daughter only called Cbarlotta, and a bafiard called lamest 
 the which lames was afterward conlecrated Bifhop ofN'cofla, This Cbarlotta was married 
 firft to thekmgof PorttKgall, of whom he had no iffue, fo that he being dead, Levres Duke of 
 Sattoy (to whomfhee was the fecond time married) fonne to Lewes the fecond of that name 
 (vnto whom the faid Hand by the ri°ht of this his wife Cbarlotta did appertaine) had thepof- 
 feffionofthefame. lames the bafiard allboneas his father "was dead, of a Bifhop became a 
 fouldiour, and with an arniy wanne the Hand, making it hisowne by force. This Duke of£<#- 
 noy hearing the fc ncwes , with a number of w til appointed fouldiers , arriued fhortly after in 
 Cyprus, and recouering againe the Hand , compelled the bafiard to flic foonhwithouer to the 
 Soldan of zAZgypt. Who making himfelfehisfubiecSt, in time fowroughcand tempered the 
 matter, that the Soldaninperfon at his requeftpalTedouer into Cyprus, befiegedDuke Levees 
 in the caftleofTV/cfl/M, and at length compelled him to depart, leauing his kingdome. So that 
 this Bifhop became againe King of this Hand : who fhortly after cleauing to the Venetians 
 hauing made a league of friendfhip with them , married by their confent one Catbcrina the 
 daughter of Marco Comoro jehicb Catberin the Senate of^ww adopted vnto them fooneaf- 
 ter as their daughter. This Bifhop not long after fickencd^iddiedjleauing this his wife with 
 child, who lined not long after his fathers death. By the which meanes the Venetians making 
 themieluesthe next heires to Catbenuaby the law of adoption, tooke vnto them the pofiefli- 
 on ofthis kingdome , and haue kept and enioyed the fame almoft this hundred yecies. Now 
 this great Turke called Sultan Selim in the right of the Soldan of t/£gypt, whom his grandfa- 
 ther (called alfo Sultan Selim) conquered , pretendcth a right title vnto it, and now, as you 
 may vnderff and by reading ofthis fhort Treatife.hath by conquoft obtained tl>efame. Whom 
 I pray the euerliuing God, if it be his holy will,fhortly to root out from thence, 
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 SS^n Am not ignorant (gentle Reader) how hard a matter it is for any one man 
 *™ towritethat, which fhouldpleafeandfatisfie all perfons, we being c'om- 
 monlyoffodiuers opinions and contrary tudgements : againe 7»//paffirm- 
 ethit to be a very difficult thing, to finde out any matter which in his owoe 
 kinde may be in all refpecls perfect. Wherefore I truft by your o wne Judge- 
 ment I ought of rcafonto be the fooncr pardoned (my tranflation being 
 precifely tied tomineauthours meaning) if any thing heerein befides be thought to be wan- 
 ting : I haue learned by thewayhoWcomberousa thing it is to turne thefelfefame matter out 
 of the Italian language into ourcountreylpeech. But who fo dceth what he poffibly can is 
 bound to no more. Andlnowatthcrequeftofothers (whoputmeinminde, ihatlwasnot 
 onely borne vnto my felfe) haue accomplished that in the ende, which I promifed ard was 
 
 required. 
 
The loffe ofFamag. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 1 2 1 
 
 required. With what paine and diligence, Irererreuiecothcm which are skilfull in the Itali- 
 an tongue, or may the better iudge, if it pleafe them to trie the fame, carting afidc this exam- 
 pier, I fpeake it not arrogantIy,I take God to witnefle : but mens painefull trauels ought not 
 liohtly to be condemned : nor furely at any time are woont to be of the learned,or difcreet. By 
 whofe gentle acceptation lfthefe my prefent doings be now fupported , Iwillperfwademy 
 felfe that I haue reaped fufficient fruit ofmytrauell. Vnto whomewithallmy hcartl wifh 
 profperous fuccefle in all their affaire*, 
 
 iAtm.Dom. tj72. W.M, 
 
 In Turchas precatio. 
 
 'VmmeTieus, fuccurre tuts, miferefcetuorum, 
 *<^a EtfubeatgentUtenouacuratUtt,. ' ' 
 
 &J}S Quern dot tantorumfinem, Rex magne, laborttm ? 
 , ' v *"^ i l n rsos vibrabit tela quoufqtie Sat ban ? 
 Ante Rhodium, moxinde Chimn, nunc denique Off rum, 
 
 Turcharum cepit ptnguinolenta manus; 
 tjliuftafafcedifragus partes graflatur in omnes, 
 
 EtVeneta Cypriamjlrage cruentat humum* 
 Necfinem imponitfieleri, mottituefuroreni^ ' 
 
 tJec nip potato [anguine pajlus abit. 
 Qua/is, qua nunquam nif plena tumenfque crttore 
 
 Sanguifuga obfejfam mittit hirudo cutem. 
 Tonuram fequitur tortura,cruorque crmrem % 
 
 £t c&dem admijf/tm eddis alius amor. 
 S&ttit snaps animi, nee "Velfe temper at ipft, 
 
 ZJelmanusindomitumnoftradomarepoteft; 
 At tit, magne Pater, tumidum difperde Tyr annum t 
 
 Necjine mattarifemper ouile tuum. 
 Exulet hoc monftrum, ne (anguine terra redundet, 
 
 Excutiantque nouum Cypria regna iugum. 
 £t quod CbrijltcoUfxduspepsgere t^?lonarcbx t 
 
 Idfaufium nobis omnibus ejji velis. 
 "tupugna illorumpugnas, dr bellafecundes, 
 
 Captiuofque tibifubde per arma Scythas. 
 Sic tuaper totumfundetur gloria mundum^ 
 
 Vnus§cCbriftusfiet,&vna fides. _ . 
 
 Guliclmus Malinl. 
 
 The true report of all the fuccefle dEFtmagufta, made by the 
 
 Earle Nejlor Murtiningo^ vnto the renowmed 
 Prince the Duke oiVentce. 
 
 #SS*.Q fie Cjrtecntljuap of tfeb?ttarp , * 1 57' > ^ fl«t to&feb&au bjougbt tfceaptie 
 ' imto Famaoufta, tepartcn from ttjcnce , tohercasiucre fotmo in all the ar> 
 ' mp, but fourethoufano footmen, tight hunojcD of tbcmchofcnfouloierss, ano 
 thjee tbotifano (accounting the Citizens ano other of the tillages) the re B 
 d tuio hunojeo in number toere fouloiers of Albania. 9ftert!jearriaallof tlje 
 ?^«SSB« iuijtclj fuccouc, the fortification of tt]eCitptoentmo?6&iugcntlpfo?toars>of all 
 fomw,t&en ft Bin befop, thetoholcgatifon, tl)C<E?ccian Cfti?cns inljabttmg tljCSoVMne, the 
 ©otternours ano Captaines not luithtnatoing thentfclucis from anp kinoe of labour, f 0? ti;e m* 
 terincottragement anoccooo trample of ot&etf, both night anooapfearcljing the watch, totijc 
 intent toith moie carefullheeo taking tfacp might bcuiarc of their enmues , agaurtl tobotn tijtp 
 mapenaf?Upoutofti)eCitpeofkirmifl)bitt berpfcloomc, efpcciallpto SttoerftaiR) Wen thxp 
 muThrleariie'thcintetitoftljeenemies. £S3ljiIefl toe mace this Dilifieiit njoutaon \iaicrjin tlje ett- 
 ticthe 'S'trte toitljcm mm no leffc preparation of all things neceffarp,fit to batter the to jtwue 
 jfcitljall as in bunging out of Caramania ami Syria totth all fpeeo bp the &ea,manp toooltoaew, 
 a peat qnantitie of toooo ano timber, Bitters piece? of artillerp, ensfo&ano other things erpeot< 
 
 ^9?t5SSKof SipjaHaUiBalhafanMO there toitl) fotufcojegallies oj thereabout in 
 
 *3ilt Italy aiflj 
 otljer ylares 
 riiso.uccftnc 
 pcreofvlojO 
 13 altuaVca 
 rhamut) tlje 
 firnof3!flnua« 
 r?,o;onjScta 
 veitB 6i!y,an& 
 from that Bag 
 rcikoiifBupo 
 on:ii!t')oiig5} 
 tuceffrrfrj 
 
 England, cfpc> 
 
 ti.iili'iiir inn- 
 ri'fiiillatui'cro 
 io.' ccrtame 
 riinlrs tire not 
 luoont ro alter 
 the fame trntilS 
 tie :Ciitnii'r..i ■ 
 iioiiofourls- 
 Die, 
 
m The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, Tbe lofe ofFamag, 
 
 bis companp , ujIjo bjougtttbitijec cljat^totieljof our enemies toas DcfireD, tobofooncatcerDe* 
 parting from tljencc, ano ieauing bebinDe bim thirtp gallics, tohtch continuallp tranfpojteD foul* 
 Diours, munition, frclbuictuals, anDotberneceflaries, bcfiDesa great number of *Caramufa- 
 lins, ojienganDtncs, great ItJulkes calico *Maones, ami large bjoaD Deuel? termeo of them 
 * Palandne, tobieb continuallp paffeo to ano fro bettoecne Cyprus ano Syria, anD other place? 
 thereabout, tobieb tbep did toith great fpeeD, flanbtng in feare of the Chilian armp, 9no about 
 tbemiDDcttofthe fame monetb tbe ^utkcscaufeDto be brought outoftheCitteofNicoiia, 
 tobieb tbep baa tooone a little before , fifteene pieces of artillerp , ano railing trjcir arm? front 
 tub nice tiicp toe r s befojc, making Ditches ano trentbes necctfavp , incampeD themfelues in gar* 
 Dens, ano totoaro tbe Sitleffpart of Famagufta neere aplace calico Precipola. 
 
 CbemieanDttoentietbDapof the fame monetb the? raifeobp mounts to plant their artillerp 
 bpon, aHDcaufeo trenches to be maDefo?h»quebu?ers, one Derp nigh another, ajjpjocbingfliU 
 bet p neere the Cttte , m fuel) o jDer , as inns almott impoffiblc to dap tbe fame , fojtie tljo ufar.n 
 oftljetriaionerscontiniiaUp labouring tberetljemoflpart of afltljcnigbt, ©beiutentoftijee* 
 nemie being then knotoen, anD in tobat part of the ©tie be mincebmolt to plant bis battcrp, toe 
 tooke Diligent beeD ontrjeotbetpart, torepaire anD fojtine all places neccu^rptoithin. jfojtljc 
 tobieb caufetoceplaceD a great toatch in that toap, tobieb toas couereo toith a counterfcharfe, 
 ano in the fallfest of their piiup Ipoflernes, foj the Defence of tbe faiD counterfebarfe, there toere 
 neto flanckers mabe, alfo Crauerfcs calleo iswterifles maDCtoponthe Cocaine, Hiirrj one 
 trench of ©times ttoo foot high anbtyoao, the tohtch toas maDeonthatfiDcof the mail of :be 
 Citfe, tobieb toas alreaop battereD toith tfce fljotoftbe burkes, toith certainelcope holes foj 
 ottrCparquebusers, bp the tobieb the? DefenoeD the counterfebarfe. ©toe noble perfonagctf 
 BragadinoanbBaglione pertbniillp tooke this charge on them,- bpthetobiebmeanes tbe cijn« 
 ffian affaires palfeD in berpgoooo?bcr« autbefycaDfojourfeoulDiers rflasmaoeincneircjc* 
 bottfe, of the tobieb the noble gentleman Lorenzo Tiepolo captaine of * Baffbhab charge, tuba 
 rcftifco no paine, tobere be thought his trauell might pjeuaile. 31n the caflle toas plf.ceD that fa* 
 mous gentleman Andrea Bragadino, toho toith a Diligent garo hat> charge on that part of tbe 
 calf le p'ltii cipalip, nert bnto the fea Roe, trimming ano Digging out neto flanckers fo| the lettcc 
 Defence of tl;e * Arfenall, 
 
 abaltant knight namcbFokotoas appointee gaffer of the2DjDuianee,tobo teas flamtoith* 
 in fciu Dapes after in afkirmilbtobofe garrifon the noble Bragadino Proueditorebefo?e namen 
 pjefentlp Deliucrctj ouer to me«SCb?« other captainestoereappointeDouer the toilcc-firetoitii 
 ttoentie footmen foj euerp one of them, cbofenout of the armie, tobfe anDerecutethefameag 
 occaGoiifboulij ferue. ©hebefl pieces of ©finance toere brought foojthbnto trjacfioe of the 
 ©otonc, tobere the batterp toas lookeofo? to be maoe : ano thepmabepjiup fences to couer the 
 better tbeir cannon ftjet toitball, ©here toas no toaut in the Cbjiffians to annop their enemies 
 in ilfuing often out of euerp fioe againff them , aftocll to tjtnoer their Determinations , as to hurt 
 tljcmotljertoife at Dtuers times, ©hep alto renbereotobs theltke, tfo?th?eehunDjcDof them* 
 habitantsof Famagufta one time iuuing outoftbecitie, armeoonelp toith their ftoojos ano tat« 
 gets, toitb fo manp 3italian harquebuses alfo in their companp, recciueD great oammage, be* 
 caufetbe trenches of the enemies mete maoe about fothicfee, althoughatthe famepjefentlnee 
 compellca them to fite, ano Hem alfo manp of them : pet tbep increafeo to fuch number,tbat the? 
 feilleo pjefentlp tht'rtp, ano hurt there tbjeefco je of our companp, jToj the niljich caufe ojoer matf 
 taken.that our men Qioulu no mo?e come fo jth of tbeir bolDc, committing tbemfelttes to manifeS 
 perill to bio their enemies the bale. 
 
 <&%t burkes in pjocelTe of time bp little anD little toith tbeir trenches , came at length to the 
 toppc of the counterfebarfe, anD batting furvrifljec their fojts the nineteenth Dap of S^ap , began 
 their batterp toitbtcn fojts, bailing thjeefcoie ano fsureteene pieces of great artillarp tottl;:n 
 tbeir ctrttoDp, amongtt the tobicb there nierefoare^afilifkes (foVotbeptermethtm) ofanim* 
 meafurable greatneffe, ano began to batter from the gate LimitTobnto the Arfenall , anolapea 
 fine batteries agatnfl the tonine , tbe one again Q the great high turret of the Arfenall , tobicr) 
 luas battcrco toith fitte pieces of ©jmnancc mounteD bpon that fojt of the rotke , the other a* 
 gatnQtheCojtainettfelfe of the Arfenall, batterecbp one fojtmitheleuen pieces : another a» 
 gainittbeKccpc of AndruzzimithttoocommanDers,o? caualiers, tohichtoereaboue toith one 
 fojt of eleucnothcr pieces : another batterp againll the turret of S. Nappa, the tobicb toas bat« 
 tcrco tottlj foure ^aClifks, Clje gate of Limiflo , tohich bab one high commanbtr o? caualier a« 
 lone.anD a ^?cp anc Co?taitte toithottt teas battereD bp the fo?ts toith tr>jec anD tbirtp pu ces of 
 arttillcrp , tobereas Muilafa himfelie (Senerallof the burkes armp tookethe cbaree in perfen. 
 9ttl;e firUthcpfeemcD not to care much tofpoilethctoalles, but ujotflillinto thecitp, ar.Da* 
 
 gautf 
 
 ^Cltnmuralint 
 JtUtCfElBllhC 
 bntop jFtEllCl) 
 <3abat8B,eais 
 ImgBaplpDpi' 
 on tbt rtiiEt 
 
 Of Border, u::, 
 
 tDtJitljfailefi 
 a inifeii or tn» 
 angle (ailr. 
 *MaonebeU«C" 
 fcls lihe bnto 
 y great |jult!0, 
 tuutcrj come 
 tluBer fro Den. 
 
 nutk«,f01HC of 
 
 t jjt lutjicrj ca* 
 
 rp 7 o! 8 D" 1 " 
 
 oicdruniicsa 
 piece, flat auO 
 liioao, ruhicD 
 (aile foine of 
 thcinrutiSjfC' 
 iiciumfcusa 
 piece. 
 
 •Palandric&e 
 
 great flat »e& 
 fcls matte like 
 jFenbaats to 
 trantuoit 
 Roife. 
 
 NicoGa.ottjcr* 
 luife rallea 
 
 Licofia. 
 Sig.BragaiJino 
 toas Prouedi- 
 
 :o -•, tfjatts, 
 
 Ccarrrour, 
 
 ailOSig.Baglia- 
 
 ntCencrailof 
 
 tbe <tfjiiflian 
 
 armfe. 
 
 •EaffooftfJC 
 
 ancient ton* 
 tecs namcD 
 Paphos,xn tl)t 
 
 tofticr) €itie 
 there tuae a 
 fumuturtUB 
 <S)iircrjcicDi« 
 iatco to Venus. 
 •Arfirulliit 
 Conftantiiiople 
 and Venice IS 
 the place fo{ 
 nnnution anD 
 arttllcrptolit 
 tn. 
 
Tbe loffe of Famag. Traffiques and Difcoueries. \i] 
 
 gainit our ©finance, tobtcb greatlp galleo them. 52tbereupon they, tobo lucre tottbm tijc city, 
 
 afxucll our fouloioucs, as the Grecians, atToone as the batterp began, toitrjojatoing tbcmfc lues, 
 
 came arm btoelt bp tbe toallcs of tlje citie , tobereas t|iep cominueo from that timeto tlic eno of 
 
 tbefiege, 'Cbe noble Bragadino loogcb intljeiKcepeof Andruzzi, Baglioni in tbattoaro of S. 
 
 Nappa. %\)t honourable Tiepolo in tbattoljicbluas calico Campo Santo, iffilberefojetbep 
 
 being p?efent at all that toas oone.botb encourageo, ano puniujeo tbe foulciers at coding to tlieic 
 
 Defects. Hbe rigljt toojujipfull Luigi Mattiningo toasappotnteocljtcfeouec tbe ©finance, 
 
 tobo anftnermg all mens expectation of him , toitb great courage buuoco tbe charge thereof Ma* 
 
 toGreotbecinferiourcaptaines, tobo tookeojoer ano care fojcljat company, ana fo? ttjep^otu- 
 
 fion of things necctTarp foi the gunners : one company of tbe Grecians being appoint cd to euerp 
 
 gate of the Citie foj to attenb bpon tbe feruice of the artillerp, ULty baliant captaine Francclco 
 
 Bagone toaroeo at trje JKeepe , ano at ttje great Commanbcr of tbe 9rfenall, Captaine Pietro 
 
 Conce attenwo bpon tbeCojtaine, at tlje Commanbcr of tlje Volti, ano at tbe Stecpe of Campo 
 
 Santo, 3ifojmppartattemjebbpontrjeCommanoerofCampoSanto,antj\3pontbeCommau= 
 
 Becof Andruzzi ,anboftbeCo?taine } bntotbe Curret of Santa Nappa. %ty Carle Hercole 
 
 Marciningo attenoebbpon tbe Commanocr of Santa Nappa , ano to tlje tobole Cojtatne, bnro 
 
 tlje gate of Limiflb. Horatio Captaine of Vele tri attenoeo bpon tlje 3£>jep ano Co?tainc, tetoaro 
 
 tbe 15ultoarke. Opontbe high Commanbcr of Limiflb, toljictjtoasmo?etroubIebt!jen all trje 
 
 reft, attenbeb tlje Captaine Roberto Maluezzi. Sttbe fame time, tobentlje battery began (bp 
 
 the commimon of tbe honourable Bragadino) btctuals lucre appointeb.ano caum to all tbe foul* 
 
 biers, aftoell <S jecians, as Italians, anb (gunners x namely SSine, pottage, Cljfefc, anb 35a« 
 
 feon^ all the totytb things toerc brought to the toallcs as nccboiorequire in berp goooojoct, fo 
 
 tbat no foulDicr there fpent any modern bjeabtbenttoo fbufeS a oay. ^beytoerepayeDatcbe ■at^o-mtntti* 
 
 jnb of euerp thirty bayes toitb trje great trattell of tbat right toojlrjtpfull Oene tian gentleman s"w, amount 
 
 Tvl.Giouanni Antonio Querini , tobo befibes this fjisojoinary charge toasfounopjefent in all b ""' >DM J t • 
 
 toeigljtyano Dangerous affaires to the great incouragement of our foulbiours. anotoeemaoea "^"a"*- 
 
 rountetbatteryegaintt our enemies fo? ten bayea (pare, toitb fo great rage, tbat toecbokeo anb 
 
 Bettroyeo fiftetneof their beG pieces, alfo toe killeb anb bifpatcheb of tbcm about tbtrtpttjoufanb 
 
 at that feafon, lb that they toere bitappointeo at that time of their battery in that place, ano toere 
 
 greatly bifmayr o. "Bat toe fojefeetng that toebab no great ttoje of potooer Ieft,there toas maoe 
 
 a reilraint, anb fucb overtaken , tbatthirtppiecicsfijoulo not fljoot off but tbirtp fbotapiece 
 
 cuerp bay, anb that in tlje p?cfenee of the Captaincy tobo toere Rill pjefent, becaufe tbe §>ouloi' 
 
 era ano Gunners fljoulo not fljoot off inbame» 
 
 Cljeninc anb ttoentiethba? of spay there tame totoarbs bs from Candia a jftegatoj pin- 
 nace, the toljicrj giutng bs great hope anb lightening of ayoe, encreafeb marutlioully ruery mans 
 courage. ?Lhe^urfes totthgreattrauellanbflaugljtecofbotljCBes, baDtooonneattljelatttbe 
 counterfefjarfeftom bs , toittj great refinance anb mojtalitteonbotb parts. Sllhereupon the? 
 began on tbe other fine of tbe fift battetp to fillbp tbe oitcb, totth tbe earth that tljtp tb?cto ootone, 
 tobtctjtoas tafeen necretbe toalloftbe counterfcharfe. ^ut all that earth anb falling bourne of 
 tlje toall maoe by tlje ftot of their artillerp , toas carieo atoap of bs tottljin tlje cttp , all our com* 
 pany labouring contimtallp aftoell by night as bay, bnttll out enemies Ijnbmabe certaine loopc 
 ijoles in the toall, tbojoto tlje tobtcb they flanc&ing anbfcourtngallthebttcbtoith their Ijarqtic-- 
 buffte, floppeo out former courfeof carying, o? going that toay any moje, toitljout certaine anb 
 <rp?efle banger. 35ut M. Giouanni Marmori, a fortifier, Ijab beuifeb a certaine feinDe of iopneb 
 iioo?os,the tobicb beingcarieo oftbefoulbieEs,oefenoeb tbem from the fijot of tbcEparqtiebu^ers, 
 6 that tome other rutantitp of eartfj, but no great 8o?e,toas carieo alfo atoap : in the tobtcb place 
 tin's fo^efapo fortifier toas flaine, tofjo hao boneetpeciallgoob feruicein all our neceflarp af- 
 faires. 9no our enemies bauing call fo much earth into tbe bit cb, as ttlleo it bp againe.aw! maoe 
 it a firme toap to the toall of the counterfcharfe , anb catling before tbcm tlje eartb by little anb lit-- 
 tle,thep maoe one trauerfeeuen bnto tlje toall on ttoo fibes in all their batteries, the toljieh tljep 
 maoe thicfee anb ttrong toitlj too otp acks, anb other fagots, to aifurc tbemfelues the better of our 
 flanckcrs. 
 
 aUbentbep^ao once potfctTeo tlje bitclj, that tljepcottlonotbehurtofbs btttbpcljance, they 
 began foo^thtoitlj to call ano oigge out bnoc jmmes to bnoermtne tlje ^jep, the turret of Santa 
 Nappa.tbeCommanbcrof Andruzzi,the iSeepe of Campo Santo, tbeCo^taine.ar.D the ^urrt= 
 on ofthe Arfenall : fo tljat being able no longer to fcrueour turneanb iniop trjofe fetoe flanc 1 
 hers, toe tb?eto ootone toiloe- fire into our enemies campe, tbe tobicb annoyeo them bery fo?e 1 be-> 
 taufe it fired their tooolpacks, j alfo their fagots. Quo fo; tlje better encouragement ofthe foul- 
 biers,! ijerigbt bono? able Bragadino gaue to euerp fouloier one r.«cfeat ,v telnch cotilo game 01 re< 
 
 L s couer 
 
• Albanois (OltI» 
 Dices, lOIIlDl' 
 CrB of Albania, 
 
 ociicclutl'ecal' 
 UX> Epitus,tojjO 
 tomonlp feme 
 
 U4. The Eiigliih V oyages,Nauiganons, Tbe lojje ofFamag. 
 
 cotter anp of tlje fo nner tooolpackes , making countermines in all places. %v the Which charge 
 
 Maggio tije fojtifier knight Was appointeo , tobo tn all our buftnelTc fccucD toith fuch Diligence 
 
 ano'courage , as he teas able,o? toas r equifite. "But tbc countermines met not , fauing tbofc of 
 
 tlje CommanDer ofS.Nappa, of Andruzzi.anothatofCampo Santo, becaufe thep toere open, 
 
 ano our nteti fallico out otten both bp flap ano night into tlje bitch to percetue better the map of 
 
 the mines , ano to fire the fagots ano toooU. J9o? toe ceaffeo at anp time through the bntpeafta» 
 
 ble traurll of tbc Le?o Baglionc (wljo ban the oucrGght of all tbefe matters) to trouble our e= 
 
 tut"©e"nVtimiB neiiitcs intents, bp all matter of toit anu policie, oiuiDmgthccompamesfojthebatteties, topn« 
 
 Satteeifflfoot, ing ano planting in all places a garrifon of tlje * Albanois fotuoiours , tobo afwcllonfootason 
 
 bet? ruafuii $ hojfebacfccfbctoeo altoapes notable courage anomanljoob, ■ 
 
 Thefirftaffault. 
 
 Tirpe one ano twentieth bap of 3une thep put fire to thenrine of the turret of tlje arfcnall, 
 whereas Giambelat Bey toofee tharge , who with great mine rent in ftmoer amoft great 
 mis tbiclte Wall, ano foopeneq the fame, that be thjewooWnemoje then balfe thereof, breaking 
 alfoonrp.irt oftbebaimttrc, inaoebefoje to bpboloetbeaffault. 8nofuDDenlp a great number 
 of the Cutftes flipping bpott tbc ruines tberccf , otfplapeo ujeir Cnfignes, euen to the toppe of 
 the fame. Captaine Pietro ConteWithbis compaup toas tn tbatWaro, tbe Which Was much 
 fljakenano terrifieo bp thstfuDOen rutne. 3 With mp companp came firtt thither, fotbattbep 
 fbcjtlptooketherepulfe, ano although thep rcfreCbco tbcmfelttesWith neto fupplies fitteojGre 
 times, pet thtpfaileo of their purpofe, '©here fought pcrfonallp the Lojo Baglione : Bragadi- 
 no ano Qiierini being armeo ftooo not farrc off to refretb anu cemfojt our Soulotours, ano tlje 
 Captaine of theCattell With the ©finance, that toas planteobpon the butteries, oeffropeB 
 ttcutp of cut enemies, toljen thep gauepaffiult.the which enourcofiuehoures together : fotljat 
 of &utkes toere flaine berp manp , ano of ourGoe bcttotene tljem that toere flame ano butt one 
 Ijunojeo t mod part oftlje which number toere tall atoap bp a mifcljance of our toilce-fire , the 
 totyclj being bnatnufeolp anoncgligentlp hanolcD, burnt bp manp of our otone companp, ©here 
 OicD at that pjefenf the Carle Gio. FrancefcoGoro, tbeCaptameBarnardinoAgu.bio:anDbp 
 the th?ototng of (tones Hercole Malatefta, Captaine Pietro Contc, UiitvjocrjecCaptatncs atiB 
 <§)t?,noi-rDbcarers,toere berp fojc hurt, 
 die nigljt follotoing arriueo in Cyprus a pimtaflc from Candia , which bunging netoeS of 
 Wn tnetc m'4 nioil certaine apoe, grcatlp incteafeo botlj the mirth *no courage of bs all, fo that,toc maoe foone 
 after, toitht!)eVlpeoftljcCaptaineMarcoCriueilatote, ano Maggio the kmgbt, certainerc-- 
 treats flanckeo to all the places bcatenbotone , and whereas thcpfiifpecteo that the cncmpbaB 
 ciggcobp anp mines, toith iJogfljeaos, Chclls, dues, ano ^acksmtffeo full of moift earth 
 anfftcrniitfcs (the vDjectans totth all fpeco bauing alteaop b?ougbc almoll all that Which tbepbao) becaufe 
 : ' thep bauing Bifp.ttcljen their Canueis about neceffarpbfes, tljep brought their hangings, top 
 taiues, carpets, euen to their berp meets, to make ano fiuffe bp their fo?efapo lacks, a berp gooo 
 ano reaop map to makebp againe their toaimttrcs, the tohich toere tb?otoen ootone tottb the furp 
 pftbeartillerp, tobichneuerflinteD 5 fo that toe mace bp againe Hill that in tlje ntght, thetohicj) 
 toasth?otocn ootone ano b?oken in the bap , Keeping berp felbome : all tlje fouloters ffanbing al= 
 tNmgot St a" toapes bpon the toalIes,biGteb continually of tlje ©ottcmo^s of tbe Citii,toljichflept at no time, 
 n?jmie,much but in the ertreame heat oftlje cap , bauing no other time to take their reft , becaufe tlje enemic 
 toas at hanb, giuing bs continuallp alarmes,not fufftring bs long to b jeath. 
 
 fflftj)iS!10t)If 
 
 ft painfull ©e« 
 lltttan gentle- 
 lnati M. Gio. 
 Amonio Queri- 
 ni (lutiotoas 
 aftenuavDeB 
 
 iictocllill ftt:t= 
 bee Ui' the c6> 
 maiiDciiienc 
 OfMuftafa) 3 
 
 bjAB entertat" 
 
 lift) Uetp tout- 
 
 traneit at Cor- 
 cyra,tl0U) called 
 Cotfu.te being 
 
 Caftell.ino Df 
 fiaptame of 
 oncofttjeca' 
 (lies. 
 
 garb to (pare 
 trifled. 
 
 IPjouibeitt* 
 taccfull goner 
 noiirs oj ma« 
 giltratea (el 
 
 IrfTeinOaiigc 
 ions f«a(oii». 
 
 » (mall thing 
 at ttjebegin- 
 nmg.oiiiitiue 
 tmuDone.Dcl- 
 pcttj much. 
 
 The fecond afTault. 
 
 TEpe nine anb ttoencieth bap of the fame monetb tljep fct the minemaoe totoarcs tlje H5?cp 
 on fire , the tobtch mine toas biggeb in Hone , tohicb b?ake anb cleft all things in pieces, 
 ano catifeo great ruine , malting an caite toap fo? tlje enemp to aflaulc bs , toho toith an outragi« 
 ous furp came to the toppe, toljereas Muftafa tljeir ©enerall toas altogether p?efent, tohtclj af« 
 fault toas rcceitteti , ano ftapcb at tlje beginning of the €arle Hercole Martiningo toith bis gar= 
 rifon , ano fo toere repulfeb bp our companp , tobo fought totthottt anp acuantage of couert , tlje 
 baimttre being tlnotoen ootone bp the mine, "Cbere toere flaine of our companp Captaine Mea- 
 nt the Sergeant Maior of Ottr armte, Captaine Celio de Fuochi , Captaine Erafmo da Fermo : 
 ano Captaine Soldatello, Antonio d'Afcoli, Captaine Gio. d'lftria, fetanoerobearers,toitbma* 
 np other officers, toere fo?e toounoeo, there oteo alfo 3 o other of our common fouloiers. 9t the 
 SirfenaHtljeptoerebeaten backetotth greater Dammage of our enemies, anbfmallhurttobs. 
 
 Jfiue 
 
The loffe ofFamag. TrafRques,and Difcoueries. 125 
 
 tfiuconelpoiourpat^btiagltainetljccc, luljcrcaiB^LcipHiiieGiacbmodeFabtianoaifoUJaishtl- 
 UD.anDatoi-iSDoui.tiEDtnnijilefciES'nietottOanljarqucbufljfijot, CbetobicljafTauItcoiitinu* 
 cefirebourcs, tbe IniliopofLimifTo ilanotti g bp there , tncouragingtljeigjoulDiours, CcH'jcre ?®% tt, l*i m 
 alfo tocrefouwpjcfeut Rant toomen, toljo came iljitljec tottlj tucapons , Hones, anu tuater, to b«"ng n ii!i> 
 Ijelpe the ssoultnours* SDtir enemies bnocrtfanDingboto great binoerancetljep baorecciueoat SSJlJiaJjIS 
 tljcfettooaflktlcs,cbnngeDtljrirminocs, ano bcganagainetoitljgreaterfurptbeneucrtljep hao jifmfnmci- ' 
 jbefojraccuflomeD tulapbattcrp to all places, anDintoour retreats, £b tftat tljep Iabcttrmg mo?e SJiattBrina 
 fpetotptbmeuer tljep sin, maoefcuen other fojtsmojc, bnocr the cattle, ane taking atoap tbe t&eu,inaci* 
 artillerpfromtljcmtolj'clj toere farther off, planting of it fomeiabat neercr , to tbenumberof i*™"" 15 *" 
 fourefcoj?, d;ep faattcreD tlje IjoIdc uottli fo great rage, that on the eighth &ap of 3!ulp, toitljthc 
 Tame night alfo'toerc mtmbjeu fiuetljoufano Canon fbot , ano after that fb?c tljep ouertljjeto to 
 tljcgrouno tlje toaimttrcs, that fcarfelp toitb great trattell ano paine toe coulo repatrc tljem a* 
 gaine, becaufeottr men that laboutco about tljem mere conttnuailpfiatncbptheir ©finance, 
 anouprcnfonoftbeenDleKe tempefloftlje fijot of tljet'r i^arquebu^ets . 8no out men begaune 
 rouccreaCe. £ ojtfoe burkes cattfebbs" toretireftomourT5?epes, bptljebiolcnceoftljcirartfi- ^tioattBHtfH 
 lerpanDjnimng, infiicfjfojt, tl)att[;erebttt!gnomo?eftanotngleftfo?ourfeoultitours, be- ^?g°?JSe C 
 caufc toe making our baimuresmojethicke, our flancing began to toatenarrotoer, tljctobich tuat'toom** 
 pjefentlp toe of neccfiitie enlargeo toitb boo?os asa fcaffoloe to thebaimure, toherebp toe migljt {JXranc "* 
 rjaue moje elboto roome to fight. Captaine Maggio alfo maoe one mine oncer the fapo 3!5jcp, to u>&icti toe can 
 tbe intent, tbattocbeittgnotableanp longer tokeepeie, the fame migljt be left to our enemies KjLXf 
 to their great binoeranre. mSSS 
 
 The third aflault. 
 
 Tfficbefapi>'S?epthem'ntljDapof3Iuip thep gaue the tbtro aflault, to the hitmen of Santa 
 Nappa, tothatofAndruzzi, totrjcCojtatne , to ttjelSeepe oft!je9rfenaXlt tlje luljicfjaf- 
 fault bailing coutimieo mo?e then fire houres, tbeptoere beaten backe in fottrcplaces, but toe 
 left tbc T5?ep to tljetr great loffe , ano ours alfo : becaufe toe being aflaultco, our companpbe* 
 ing not able to mannage t(jeir pikes in gooo ojoer , bp reafon of tbe narrotoiufTc oftlje flano-- 
 ingtotjere tbeptoere, being toilling to retire tu that o?oer, astfje L.Baglionebao pjefcrtbeo 
 Jjntotbem , ano coutonot , caffthemfeiuesat tl;cIaBintoaconfufeo?oer, ano retires, thep be* 
 ing minglcD amongfl the Cutkes : fo that fire being gitten to our mine, tbe fame (toitb a ter* 
 rtblefigbt to bcholoe) fieto pjcfentlp of our enemies moje tben one tljoufano, ano aboue one Ijun- 
 Bjeoofbs, ©jere toas ffatne Roberto Maluczzi , ano Captaine Marchetto de Fermo toas 
 griettoufip toounoeo, St tbc aflault of tbe 9rfenall toas flaine Captaine Dauid Noce mafier of 
 the Campe , ? 3 mp felfe toas burt bp tlje racing of a Cannon fljot, Hbts alfault continuco fiue 
 iioures, ano tbe Citizens of FamagulU (bctoeo great courage in cuerp place , toitb tljeir too* 
 men alfo , ano poongficiplings. Che 3t5?e? toas fo oefaceo bp rcafou of this mine fee on fire, 
 that no boopanpmo?eattcmpteo to recouer the fame : be cattfe there toas no apt place remain* 
 ing to flap upon. 'Che left flancfeer onelp rcmatneo flill, toljercas another mine toas mate, 
 "&hegateof Limiffo toas otter againfl this fajefapo15jcp, ano fometohatlotoer, tohtchtoasal- 
 toapes open, ijauing mace to tbe fameaipojtall, toitb apercollois annerco to it , tlje tobiclj 
 ipercollois bp tlje cutting ofafmall co?o, toasap?efent Defence to tlje gate, ano ottr&otiiot* 
 ours gaue tljeir attenoance bp tljat gate to bjing in tlje batterto eartlj , toljiclj fell in tbe Ditches 
 from tlje ranipaire t ano toben tljepfato tljat tljeir enemies in foure napes came not thither, 
 tljep brganne to entrenclj aboue tlje 1??ep, anDbp tljcflanckers aboue tljep fuffereD no perton 
 to pafle out of tlje gate, tbe toljiclj tljing b jougljt great fufpition bnto our enemies , be cattfe tbcp 
 toere often times afiaileoof our rompanp* 
 
 The fourth aflault. 
 
 WH?erefo?e tlje? came tbe foureteentfj Bap of Julp to affault tbe gate of Limiflfo, ano gjfjjjgj; 
 lapingtbeirbattctp to all otber places , tbep came ano plantco tljeir Cnfignes tuenbc= taint at wh= 
 fo?e tbe gate , tobereas tbe L.Baglione , atm Sig. Luigi toere in reaotneue, toboljao taken »p- SS«S,SS5S 
 ontbem tobefeno tljat gate of tbc Citie. (Hlljo atToone astljepljaoencouragco tljeir feouliri* toinfcritat&e 
 ours, fallping ftoiftlp fooub, killeo, ano put to fligljt tljegreatcrpart of tljem, ano at tlje laft gi- wxfwt n«o 
 umgfiretotljemineDftbeflanckeclletofoureljuno?eDdtrkts, anoSig.Bagiioneattljefame JJJ™^ 
 time tooon an Snfigne of our enemies , tojaftitig it biolentlp out of one oftlje Cnfigne bearers % ci)it rcom . 
 Ijanus, ®lje cap follotoing tljep gaue fire to tlje mine oftlje Co jtaine,tlje toljiclj tljing not falling J™**'™ ft 
 
 L 3 cut 
 
iz6 The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, ThelojffeofFamag, 
 
 out greatly to tbeir purpofe, tljepfollotoeo nottbeir p?epareb auaulc, 222ljercfo?c tbep begann e 
 
 to fo?ti8e, ann aBuance Ijig^et tljcirtrauerfes in tljc oitcljcjs, fo^ tticic better atFurance againfl tljcp 
 
 CboulD giue tbe alTault : ano tftep Ijab emptieb ano carrien atoap all tbe eartfa ncere bnto tlje coun* 
 
 terffcatfctoljcre tljep longen tntljctrpatuIUons^ro tljat toe couln not cefcrie tljcm, Cljep (hot ft* 
 
 uen pieces of artillery upon tlje toall of the counterfcljarfe fo couertlp, tljat tbep toere not fecne i 
 
 ttoo from tlje 13?ep oftbeCurriouof SantaNappa, one from Andruzzi , anb ttoo otljer all a* 
 
 long tlje batterp of the Cocaine, anntljepcamc toittj certaineboo?dcscouereDtoitbratoeanB 
 
 gteene bibes , bnoer toljicb tbep b?ottgbt tbeir men to digge in t^c baimures , toe being notljing 
 
 beljinoeo?fo?getfiMcocaatoilne-fireamong(r them, aim fomen'mc to ttTuc foojtlj ofourfallieg 
 
 callebipotf ernes, to offenntljetr goners, altbougb to our great Ijinotrante, 3iid toe Hill re* 
 
 pairentlje baimures bp all meanespoCTible, toitljTBurTeffemncs, being moittanntoet, tlj?oto« 
 
 ingtnalfoeartb, flj?fans, and cotton toitlj toater., being toell bound togetljertoitbco?oes: all 
 
 tbe toomen of Famagufla gatbering trjemfelttcg togctljer into companies in euerp flreet (being 
 
 guidebofoneoftbeir a^onhes calico Caloiero) refo?tebdaplptoacertaineplace appointed, to 
 
 labour , gatbering and p ?ouioing fo? tbe foulniers, Cones ano toater, tlje tobicb toas fwpt fo? all 
 
 atfatilts inbalfe buts to quenclj tbe fire, tobiclj tlje Curfestlj?eto amongB tljem, 
 
 Upauing bam no great fucccffc in taking of tlje gate, tljep found out a netoe toap, neuec 
 
 Ttgiuiiiuatirt'e Ijearb of befo?e, in gatbering togetber a great quantitieof certainetoood called Tegha, tobicl) 
 
 certain i SSS 'caClp burned, ano fnielt betp eutll, tbe tobiclj tljcp tlj?otoing before tbe former gate of tbe Citie, 
 
 toincbbumcijj anofagots fafiened to tlje fame, toitbcettainebeamesbefmeeredtoitfjpitcb, fctnolebfuddenlp 
 
 uoiltu b"piEa= to £ reat a &*> as ttas not yoffible fo? bs to quencb tlje fame , altljouglj toe tlj?eto bpon it toljole 
 
 mitJ,ofi(jt Otitis of toater, tobicljtoeret()?otoendQtone fromanljt'gbCommanocr, toljtcb^utspjefentlp 
 
 b?afeeinfunder, 
 
 djis fire continucb foure napes, tobertfo?e toe toere mfo?cenbpreafoitofr!jecrtreamelj?ae 
 anaCincb, totoitljbjato our felues further utuiaro, and tbepdefcendingtotoardestljeu: lotott 
 flanefcers, beganneotber mines, fotljattbegatetoasujutbp, becaufeitcoulobenolongerfeepc 
 open, anbfuoocnlp (atbingmaruellottstobefpolten) tlje Banding of tbe 35?cp being repaired, 
 anbmabebpagaine, tbepplantcdonepieceoueragaintttlje gate, tbe toljicljofbstoitb Cones, 
 eattb anb otljer tbtngs, toas fubbenlp burico bp, QBp tljis time toe toere o?iuen to an erigenr, 
 all our p?outfiontoitbintbe Citie fiooptngberplotoe, fatting onelpljope, tjje noble courage of 
 spaire courage tlje (Eotiertiours ano Captaines, and tlje tout rcabtneuTeoftljc&ouloiours: our toine, anofleuj 
 Sutpopefti* astoellpotooercbasbnpotobcrcb toasfpent, no? tbere toas anpCljcefc to be gotten, butbpotx 
 tomt fo}fa< an bnrcafonablep?ice, our companp batting eaten bp tbeir l[)o?fes, StTes, anb Cats, fo? lacfte of 
 otljer bictualls: tljere toas notljtng left to be eaten, but a fmall quantitieof 1B?eao, anb TScanes, 
 ano toeb?anke toater anb Oineger togetljer, toljereof toas not mucb left, W\)en tljat toe percei* 
 ucd tbat our enemies ban bigged anb call bp tlj j ce mines in tbe Commander of tbe gate, tljcp la* 
 bottring in all places mo?ediligentIptljcneuer tljcp bin befo?e, bringing into tlje bitclj,ouera-- 
 gaintt tlje batterp of tlje Cocaine, a bill of eartb, as bteb as tbe toall : anb alreaop t^ep came to 
 tlje toall aboue tlje Counterfcljarfe ouer againd tlje ^urrion of tlje Slrfenall , ano Ijao mabe one 
 Commanber complete, fenceo toitlj ftjarts,li^e bnto plotigb (IjareSjin p?opo?tion anb Ijeigljt co?« 
 tefponoenttoours, 
 
 CClitbin tbe Citie toere remaining but Stic ijuncjctij Italian S>oulotours, tobo toere not 
 ljurt, petberp faint anb toearpbp tbeir long toatcljing ano paines in figbting in tljofe feruene 
 ano burning Ijeates, toljtclj are in tbofe parts, 9nb tbe greater ano better partalfooftbe©?e* 
 cians toere bp tljistime flame, toljenas tlje cljiefeof tljofe Citizens remaining bio fullpre* 
 nibabiMnts 1 '* &lue tljcmfelues (tlje toljiclj toas about tbe ttocntietlj bap of 31ulp) topjefent a fuppltcattott 
 jijcrrof rttsnot in to?itiugto tbat noble gentleman Bragadino Proueditorc , bcGring anb befcecbing bim , ttjat 
 mn°, n t.m bT fte ' n 5 cbeic Citie ano f ojtreffe toas tljus battcreb anb bjougljt to ertrcmitie , toitbout fuffici* 
 ent apoe to btfeno tlje fame , toitbout fubRanceo?fuflenance, Ijatttngno bopeoffuccour, o?a» 
 npnctocfupplp, tljepbauingfpent anoconfumeb notonelp tljeir goons, but alio tbeir liucs 
 fo?tbebefenceoftljem, anb inteflifping of tljeir butifull feruice totoarbes tbe noble anb rop» 
 all flace of tlje Segniojie of Venice , tljat it mtgbt notoe pleafe bim, anb tbe rellof tbebo< 
 notirablc <Souernours, tljat tocrep?cfent, annput in truft, Ijauingacarefuilepebnto fome 
 Ijonourable connttions, tobaue notoattbelaftarelpeccto tljecrebitannljonour oftljctrlong 
 traucllcn toiues, ann tbe fafegarn of tljeir poo?ecljilo?cn, tobiclj otbertoife toere ujojtlp berp 
 lilsc to be a pjap to tbeir blouotljirfling anb ratiening enemies. 'Co tlje toljicb letter o? fupplica* 
 tionfpeenp anftoeretoas mabebp tbe fo?enameb Ijonourable Bragadino^comfojtingtbem, tljat 
 tbcp Qjoulb bp no mcanes abate tbeir courage , ano tljat ftjojtlp be lookco fo? fuccour from tbe 
 !%egmo?ie, biminiujtng as mucb as Ijee migfjt, tbe feare toljiclj tbe? ban eojiceiueb in tbeir 
 
 Ijcattg,, 
 
 tuDich tljfre is 
 great fioie in 
 Sicilia : fomt* 
 
 t!lneitisUfc6 
 fo] A tOICi). 
 
 So nec«flartc 
 
 tiling to bee 
 
 BOlIClllflElift 
 llHAttCllipttb 
 
 on either pact, 
 
 fcetl). 
 
 Saguntim fa 
 enes. 
 
 ^n 7n!p tfte 
 fTrattsfotrj 
 irEiirc in tins 
 
 night onlcp. 
 Jt letter 01 Hip. 
 pUcAtioiicrhi* 
 biteb bp the 
 
 <SppiI0ttE8 
 
 lillto Sig.Era- 
 
 gadino, 
 
 ■arheanrtutre 
 oFthefoiinrr 
 letter. 
 
The loffe of Famag. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 
 
 »7 
 
 3t flantxttf 
 luitl) rcafoiuii 
 !)0$>e of failing 
 t[)cgreflttr,ta 
 iMtjjcItf&rge. 
 
 hearts, difpatchingand fcnoing auiap fuddenlp from Cyprus into Candia, a IpmnelTe to ccrtifie 
 the oufee and gouernours tljere,tn toljat crtremitie tbep were, Che Curfccg bp ting time ban rn- 
 dec their mines, ano fet tljcmonfiw,tbe 2s>.of 3!ulp : in tlje tobiclj fpace our mcn,accojcing as 
 tbcpnieretoocnttoooe, renueo ano mace top oping tljetoaimutes ruined before bp tlje flDjot» 
 nance, and batting no other fluffe left to adttattncetbcm toitb, maoefachcsofiierlie, tontotlje 
 tobiclj tbenobleTiepolooiltajentlplooKeD, ^be tbjce wines of the Commander did great ba= 
 htagetotos, hauingtljjotoencotonecbegreatcrpartoftbeeartb, toljereastbe gottcrnour Ran- 
 dacchi luas flaine, Clje mineof tbeSlrfenall ouertljjeto all the refl of tbe Currion,bauing fmol* 
 Bcreo and eljoheti one tohole gauifon of our fouloiers,tljc ttoo flancfcersonelp Hill remaining* 
 
 ThefiftAflaric. 
 
 Tl£)e enemies trauellcb much to become matters of tbofe fo jefapb flanhcrs, and to fallp foojtfj 
 bp tlje otber batteries, and tljis atfault lafleo from tbjee of tbe cloche in the after noorte until 
 titgbc,toberc, ano at tobat time toere flame toerp manp of our enemies* 3In tbis afTault Sig.Gia- 
 como Strambali,amongC tlje rett,njetoe0 mucfj too?tljituu"e,as bee ban donebefoje in otljer con= 
 flictes, 
 
 The fixt and laft aflault. 
 
 TH?e nert morning follotoing, at tbe bjeahe of tbe dap, tbep aflailca all places, t&c tobiclj af* 
 fault continued mo;te t&enGre boures, toitb berp little burtonourfioe.uecaufe our enemies 
 fought moje cololp tljen tljep toere toont to doe, annuping of bs contitiuallp on tlje §>ea Roe toitb 
 tbeir ©allies, (booting in all tbeir affattlts ano batteries continuallp Cannon ftjot in all parts of 
 tbe Citte,as neere as tbep might, 3fter toe bad defended ano repulfed this affaulMnd peicei- fttmhit art 
 tied things brought to a narrotoer flraite tljen tljep toere toont to be at , toee bauing left in all tlje bsfmtSh' 
 tobole Cttte but fcuen barrels of pouter, tlje goucrnours of tbe Citie f uflp Determine!) to peelee to t^wm^ 
 Dp tbemfelues ano tbe Citie, tottlj honourable conditions, ffiUljerefoje the firff of augtiC in the SSsihl rpS?i' ? 
 after noone,thep toohe a truce,one beingcomefoj tljat purpofe from Muftafa tbe ©cnerall,toitb "«s flgainrr. 
 tofjom tbep concluded the nert morning follotoing to gtue ttoo Ijoffages a piece, bntill fttclj time 
 as both armies toere agreed, JF o? our Ijoftages (bp tlje appointment of tlje right honourable Bra- 
 gadino)toerefentfoojtbtbeearleHcrcole Martinengo.lmO Signior Matteo Colfi a Citijeit 
 of Famagufta,ano from our enemies came into tlje Citie tbe lieutenant of Muftafa, and tlje' A- GiMi,«*«i be 
 gaof tbeGiannizzers, the tobich toere met, euenbnto tlje gate of tlje Citte.of SigniourBagli- «&Eg«D f m 
 one toitb ttoo bunojetb barquebttfers : ours alfo toere met in lihe matter toitb great pompe toitb StSat^% 
 bojfemen ano harquebufers, tottlj tbe fonne alfo of Muftafa in perfon,tobo mane bcrpmuch 9 ianniltrils „ 
 
 Of them, roe future 
 
 'S.betojbBaglioneimparlD tottlj tfjefebollages, tobicb toere then come fo? that purpofe of s ' uD * 
 tbearticlesofpeace,requiringbptbemoftbeir©enerall, their lines, armour, ano gooos,fitic 
 peeces of ©finance, tb?ee of the bed Ijo^fes, ano fafe palTagefrom thence bnta Candia acconv 
 panted totth tfjeit (Sallies, and iatt of all, that the ©recians inhabiting the 31fland, might dtocll 
 there Kill quietlp, and enioppeaceablp their otone goods and ponelTions, lining CillC(i?iBians 
 Jjereafter,as tbep had done before, an the tobich reqtteffs and articles toere agreed bpon 5 gran= ^ufeifas 
 ted,andfubfcribedbntobpthe hand of Muftafa. jfoo?thtoitb toere fent ©allies, andotljerbef= p<«i'."s,to 
 fels into the bauen, fo that our fouldiers immediatlp began to imbarhe tbemfelues, of the tobich rS meaS* 
 tlje greater part toere alreadp gone aboojde,the JQobilitie and our cljtefeCaptaines alfo being fe^H" 10 ' 
 lihetoife uerp deftrous to depart, mtn%m 
 
 Che i j.of augufl in tlje inojnmg.ibe toojtbp Bragadino rent me Wk a letter Ditto Muftafa, "" fflUie ' 
 bptljetobicb bcefignified, that tlje fame night bee toould come Unto him to deliuerbp tlje hepes 
 of the Citie,ano tljat be toould leaue in the holoe the honourable gentleman Ticpolo,pjapingbim 
 t!jerefo?e,tbat toljilett bee ftjouls baue iuff caufe tljus to bee ab?oao, tljat there might be no Ijarme 
 done at home, ano in tbe Citie, %ty Curhes from our truce tahing bntill tljat ttme,pjactifeD 
 tottlj bs all familiarlp, and toitbout anp fufpition of finifter 0} doublcdealing.tljep batting Qjetoeo 
 hsmuch cotircctte botlj in toojd anddeeDe. Muftafa ljimfelfebptoojdeofmoutljpjefentlpan» 
 ftoereo me to this letter, in tljis fo?t, tljat31ujouloretunte, and mahe relation to tljis noble man 
 Bragadino,toho had fent mcej that be Ojould come otter to bim at Ijis otone pleafure, fo? Ijee toas 
 fierpdefiroUBbotlj to fee and hnoto Ijim, fo^ljts great tooj,tbincu~e and p^otoefTe, that bee bad tried 
 to be in hint, and in tbe otljer of bis Captaines and fouldiers, of tobofe manhood and courage be 
 tooulo bonourablp repojt, toljere foeuer be came, as occaBon ftjoulo feme thereunto: and to con* 
 r!ude,that Ijeeujoulo nothing doubt of anpthing; becaufe in no matter of condition bee tooulu 
 
 fuffe* 
 
128 The Englidi Voyages,Naufgations, The lojfe o/Famag. 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 fnffer anp oiolence to be Done to tljofe,mbif b rcmaineD behtno mitbin tlje i£ttie.S>o 31 fpecB'.lp re» 
 turning, made true repojt of tbe fame: anotomarosmgljt about foure of tljeclocke, tfee riQ^c 
 
 honourable Bragadino accompaniCDUHtlj the L. Baglione, mitljSignior Aluigi Martinengo, 
 &itb tlje right mojujipfull Signior Gio. Antonio Querini, iDtthtbe right UiQJUjl'pfttll Signior 
 Andrea Bragadino, toitljtlje knight of Hafte, mitljthe captaine Carlo Ragonafco, tottl) cay* 
 tatneFrancefcoStraco, mitb Captaine He&or of Brefcia, lUItlj captaine Girolomodi Sacile, 
 
 and ttritlj otber gentlemen ano ttftiefoulDiottrs , the ©otternours and 5ftoble men toith tbeir 
 
 furors, andtbefoulDiourgmitlj tbeir harquebuses came foojtljof tljcir hold, ano metit bnto 
 
 tbepauillionofMuftafa, ofmbom, all tbep at the beginning mere curteouflpreceiucd, andean* 
 
 fed to fit Dotene bp bim.be reafontng and difcourfing toitb tbcm of Diuers tljings,a certaine time, 
 
 ano Doming them from one matter to" another, attfcclattbpon afuDdenpickeDa qttarcll bnto 
 
 tljcm.efpeciallp burdening tljat noble Bragadino totcij an bntruetb,laptng to big cbarge p be Ijarj 
 
 caufco certaine of Ijis flaues in tlje time crjat the truce continued bctmeene the,to be put to Death. 
 
 %\)t mljiclj tfjing mas mod falfe, <§>o that bee being angry tljeremitb, fucoenlp Cent foo?tlj,an& 
 
 commatmneu tljem to bee bottno, Cbus tbep being unarmed (not fuffereo at tljat time to enter 
 
 tntoljispauillion, tottbtbcie former tueaponp) amjbouns, mereleoonebp one into the mar* 
 
 ' feetplace, before Ijis yauiUton, bcmgp?efentlp cutanDbemenin funoer in bis pjefence, ann 
 
 latt of all from tljat moojtbP ann noble Bragadino (mbo being bound as tlje refi, and being com* 
 
 mauncctittoifeojtljHTeto ttretcbfoojtljhisnecke, ass tljotigh bee ftjoulo Ijaue bene beljcaoed, 
 
 tljemhicljmottbolDlpbeeoiomithoutanpfparkeoffeare) bis eares mere cut off, am> cauOng 
 
 nfKwfoi". t<e buutobceflrctcbeDotttmoftiulelptopontbe ground, Multafa talked mitbbint, and blafpbe-- 
 
 tiiDci9,notro med thcbolpnameofourSDauiour, DcmaunDingljim, mhereisnomtbpCljjitt, tljatbteljel* 
 
 fauaen tc'r?"" CEt b ffl$ 110t ♦ ®° ait $ e w bicb no antoere at all mas giuen of trjac honourable gentleman, 
 
 ms. ■©ijeearleHercolc Martinengo, mhicbtt>asfentfo?oneof thebottages, mbo mas aim bound, 
 
 wnuam? w U3aa bioocn bp one of Muftafas eunucljes rnitill fuclj time as bis furie mas pad , aftermard W 
 
 1 tDitVe.ujtjicj) lift ijgjng grattnted bmt, Ijce mas made tlje eunncljcs flaue. SHjjce ©recians mijicb mere unaer 
 
 IS" aS" of out W pauillion mere left untouched 311 tlje fouloiers mbiclj mere found in tlje campe,and all fortes 
 
 &amoiw at f cijjifltans to tlje number of tlj?ce buno jed,tnere fuooenlp fiaine, tljcp nothing mittrutting a* 
 
 me Canton. ^ ^ treafon,o? tirannie . Che Clj jidian fouloiers mbiclj toere cmbarkes a litlc befoje, mere 
 
 lintted and fettered mith. iron cljain^,madeuaues,alltljings being taRenfrom tljtm,anD ftrippen 
 
 into their fljirtes. 
 
 -Ebe feconn nap after tljis murtber teas committcu.mbttlj luas tbe 1 7-of 3 ugtt&\Muftafa en* 
 
 trco the firtt time into tlje Citie, and caufeothebaliantanDUiifegouernout Tiepoloto beehan* 
 
 geB,mbo remained behind, matting tlje rcturne of Signior Bragadino . aheing in tlje citie at 
 
 tljatpjcfent , mijen other of mp countrepmentoere tljtts miferablp Maine and made flaues, Ijio 
 
 mp felfe in certaine of tlje vSrecians boufes tlje fpace Df fiue dapes, and tljep not being able to 
 
 Recpc mce in coticrt anp longer fo? feare of tlje great penaitie , uiljiclj mas proclaimed agapnll 
 
 fuclj tranfgrefTojs aim concealers, 31offred, and gattemp felfe flaue to one Sangiaccho del Bir, 
 
 "Zfchifli.ue etc pjomtfing Ijimfiue buno?ed * Zechins fo? mp ranfomc, mi'tlj mljom 31 remained in tbe Campe, 
 
 tame pieces qnty jfrtoap folotoing (being tlje burkes fabbotlj dap) tljis- moo jthp ants patient gentleman 
 
 wineo m%e- Bragadino mas led Cillin the p?efcnce of tljat bnfaitljf ull tirant Muftafa, to tlje batteries made 
 
 mcc, etieep one iint0 t | je ^itic,tobereas be being compelled to carp tmo baf kets of cartb, tbe onebpon Ijis bacfee, 
 
 fsiniialuetip tbeotljerinljisljanoflaue-Iike.tocucrpfuntijpbattrie, being enforced alfo to kiffe the grounn 
 
 U Enceofout Dt asoftasbepaffcDbpljim, masaftermardbmugljtVintotbefeaODe, toljerelje being placed ina 
 
 nioi",sfnme* cbatre toleane and flap bpon^ masmincljeobp in tljat cljairc, aim fattened bnto tlje mainepaw 
 
 ^n'wi attooe ? of a % Mi Vy an0 botfteo bp Uoitfj a crane, to Qjcm Ijim to all tlje £b?ittt'an fouldiotirs and flauea 
 
 SsttoBCttw (mbiclj mere in tlje bauenalreaopfijipped) Ijec being aftermaro let dotone, andb?ougljtto tbe 
 
 fciifcByraitom. nm fc t fl m ■ tlje to?menters tooke of bis dotljcB from Ijim, anutackeo Ijimbntotheptflojie, 
 
 mijercas he mas mod cruellp flateo quicke ; mitb fo great conflaucic and faitlj on bis 1 part, trjac 
 
 siiotiefltii an> Ijeneucr lotto? abated anp tot ofljisfledfafl courage, being fofarre from anp fainting, that bee 
 
 ruierauie to at tljat p?cfent mitlj mott flout heart rep?ocljeu tbem,ano fpake much (hame of Ijis mott traitcrotii* 
 
 *a^omfe?0 nealingin breaking of bis fattIjfulIp?omife. 9t the lattmitljout anp kino of alteration of Ijis con* 
 
 itmcLca 23jt» ftancicberccommendingbisfoulebntoalmigljtieiSoti.gaue bptljegljott, Sajhenbechao thus 
 
 CS2 enoen Ijis life (tljanks be to (Sod) IjisfkinbeingtakcnandfillcdmitbOrame, mas commaunoerj 
 
 m «ra w ( * foojtbmitb to be IjangeD bpon tlje bomfpjit of a * Jf oitt, ano to be caried alongfl tlje coafl of Syria 
 
 Srrt o? tbe 1 bp the fea fide,tbat all tlje po?t totoneg might fee,ano bnderttano tobo be U)as t 
 
 fir™ oias S'e '^bfe is notu fo much as 31 am able to declare to pour Ijigljneue bp tljat 31 fame mp felfe, ann 
 
 caiTtncin \dt» can remember mljtlett tljat 31 mas in tlje jTo?treffe : tljat alfo mbiclj bp true relation of others 31 
 
 rates oj ko- cm ^ tyfottliitiai M* fame alfo mp felfe in tlje campejto&tleff a mas flaue,3i toill liketoifet?ieflp 
 
 jjttet 
 
c rhelojJe ofFamag. Traffiques and Diicoueries. 129 
 
 Dttermuopou, 3llje enemies armie toas in number ttoabuHOjcottjouumoperfcnc of all foitca 
 ano qualities, ffif ibuloiers ttiljtcb toolie pap tljere inert 80. tboufanD,bcfiDes the mbicb number, 
 
 tljere U>ere 14. tljOUfano Of Giannizzers taken Out from all tljeljolDtg of Syria, Caramania.Na- [5gr^" of 
 tolia, anD part of tbunalfotubicb came from tlje* gate of tbe great (Euthe . Clje bmturcrs (EmKwaas 
 tottb the ftoojD lucre 6o,tljoufanoin number. €.ljc reafon,b)bp tljcre lucre fo manp of this fojt, SJfcSiSSSo. 
 toasbecaufeMuftafaljan Difperfeo a rumour tb?ougb tlje Eurkcs Dominion, that FamagulU pfotjjr input) 
 arjasiinicbmajetocaUbpanDricb, tbcntljc citie ofNicofiatuas : fofoj tljat caufc, ano bp the (jStJ^'J/i* 
 commobious ano eafiepaflagc from Syria otter into Cyprus, tljcle bcntuters luirc catilp mou= B"agcs»nbt>ii. 
 cebtocomrcljitber* 3n7y.Dapes (all the tobtcb time tlje batterie flill continucb) 140", tljoti- fll'mT" 1 ' 
 fano iron pellets lucre (Ijot of, numb?cb, ano fecne, ^becbicfrperfonagcsbjljicbuicrc in tijrir Mno on»mn« 
 armieneercbnto Mulhfa.toeretljefefollotoing: tlje BaiTa of Aleppo, tlje Baffa of Nacoha, JSocwnnSS 
 
 MufaferBaflaofNicofia, tlje BaiTaOf Caramania, tlje Agaof tljc Giannizzers, Ghmbelat IpaMluoiu to 
 *Bey,thcSangiacchoofTripolis, tljC*Begliarbeiof<SrreCC, tbcBaiTaof Sciuaffi attO of Ma- iBymBotcof 
 rafco, Ferca Framburaro, tlje *Sangiaccho of Ancipo,Soliman Bey,t!jjee Sangiacch .s of Ara- *[}' l ^ ,DIlc • ^ 
 bia,Mu(lafaBeygcncralUftljeillcnturcrs,Fei'gatgOuernourofMalathia, tljeFiamburaroof mouantie' 
 Diueric, tljcSangiaccho of Arabia anUotljcrSangiacchos of IcffercrcoitCjluitlj the number Of "oVjfi^o""^."" 
 foureffo?c tboufanb perfons bctiDcs, as bp tlje mutter maoe bp Ijis Commiflion might toell ?p' inife cam m 
 
 .,»<„.(, ©rtflip,»M5. 
 
 r l * ;ro>.ic,tjK citi' 
 
 ■Slje Framburaro UJljicb to 30 at Rhodes, luag appotntCO anb left goueniottrat Famagufta, ornjcgfiiniic. 
 
 atrti tlje cepoit uias tljat tljcrcfrjoulu Dee left in all the aflanb of Cyprus, tbjentietboufauD per- 3jji$[|2gjj 
 fons , toitlj ttootljoufano bo?fe8,manp of tlje tobiclj 31 fato, being berp leanc ano euill appopnteo fisnifiKj ' 
 foi fcruice. at fcemetb alfo a tljmg not impertinent to tlje mat ter,to CgniRe to pou,ljoto 3 ,bp tlje t"[ m a " tD 
 efpeciali grace of <Soo,toas beliuereb out of their cruel banbs,3 Ijauing paico toitljin tuio $ f ojtte *fi^*'j r '^ 
 bapes (all tbe toljicb time a toas flaue) fiuc Ijunbjeb Zecbins fo? mp ranfome to bint, toljofe pji= stDmil-Iuf 
 foneratoas.bp the meancsof tlje Coufulfoj tbe Jfrenclj merchants, a ligicr tljcnat Tripolis, ^*J giac Sj 0, i a 
 tobo a litle before came from Tripolis in Syria bnto Cyprus, into tlje Curfcr s campe,3Uet fo? all tot cm! hes, 
 tljatababpaicbtljisfummeof moneptobim, bcetooulDnotfo fetme at libcrtte, but fee nice Jjte 0,,c * 
 bp ttill toitlj faire too joes, ano p?omifcbmee that bee tooulofirtt tying mrebnto Ijie goticrne s utaceoicmuv 
 ment, toljicb abuttco bpon apiece of tlje famous riucr of Euphrates, ano aftettoarb tnfmiffc me, % c ^ mmm 
 %\)t toljicb malice anbfalfeljoob ofljis a pcrceiuing, bcternuncb toitlj mp fclfc to giue Ijim tlje »uicd to be 
 flip, ano to flic: foatoaitingmptime, ano repairing often to tlje Citie, atlcngtljmcttoitlja 5SSw5fi«S£ 
 final! jfiujcrboatc, of tbe tobitljapoojcdSrecian toaB ©toner antimatter, toitbtobom m one tifrfo?M£tij 
 nigljt toitlj tvoo onrlp oares ano a finall faile maoe of ttoo fljtrts,3 paffeo otter from Cyprus bnto jjKSfotf oft 
 Tiipolis, being in berp great banger of D?otontng, to!)crfas3remamco in cotiertintljc Ijoufe timcB <b*w 
 of certaine Cbjittians, bntill tbe ftue anb ttocnticof September, at tobat time a Drparteofrom S,scau&»s 
 tljence in a little Jfrenclj fljippe calico Sant3 Vittor, tohiclj came into tljefe partes, ano as toec Wtam. 
 .robe, toeetoucljeoataparcof Cyprusaaicflbjarb, callebCapodelleGacte,b)!)rreas3came 
 on lanb, ano talking toitb certaine of tlje inhabitants of tbe tillages, toljo tocrr tljen bp cljatmce 
 aHpauking, bemaunbeb of t'rjcm, Ijobo tbcp tocre intreateb of tlje burkes, anb after boljat fojt 
 tbe aflano toas tilleb : to tbe tobiclj tbepanftocreo, tljat tbepcoulo notpolfiblie bee in toojfc 
 pickle tbentbep toereattbatpicfcnt, not cnioping tljat quietlp toljiclj toastljeirolune, being 
 maoe billables anb flaueg, ano almott altoapes carping atoap tlje Baftonados, fo tljat nob) (tljcp «$* "«tnre of 
 fapb) tbcp knetobptrtall too pctfectlp tbe plcafant anb peaceable gouernment of tbe £.li}\fti'- 'Siaamwi 
 tins, totujingmtbpjapmgo3oo tljat tljep migljt ujojtlpreturne ♦ anb concerning tlje tillage of J>h6hHoo6 ng 
 tbe aflanb tbepmabeanftteremo^eouer, tbatnopartofit toasplotoeooj laboureb, fauing t/cSmaii 
 onelp tljat mountatne toljicb toas totoaros tbe 20ett, anb tljat becaufe tljep toerc litle troublcb "yowsoftDe 
 toitb tlje crueltie of tbe "Curkes, butasfo? tlje plaineanBCatt part of tbe aflann, tljeretoas ame " 
 fmallfeeoefotoentberein, but became inamancroefert, tljere being left but fetotnbabitants, 
 anbleffettojeofcattelltbere . 9ftertoarb toee Departing from tljettcearrtueb in *Candia, a * c »"^.oftoc 
 fo? mp part being clotbeb in fackeclotlj, toljercas foonc after bp tbe great curtcfie of tbe rigbt SSS cmtm 
 bonourable Signior Latino Orfino, a toas neto apparclleb accojbinglp, frienblp toclcommeo, iartn,E»<^. 
 anb mp neceffitie relieueb, jp'rom tobence a njo?tlp after fapling in a Cypriotes fbip (tbankes la a "rcu ima' 
 bctoalmigljtte©ob) arriuebintbisCiticiubcaltb, anb am fafelp come Ijome noto at tbe bono- wi««roa«* 
 rablefeeteofpourbigbneffc «"«£ 
 
 nmgbutniitly 
 4. tfjus coin- 
 monl^itaineb, 
 
 &s The ^ a » 6 
 
i]* The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The lojfe ofFamag. 
 
 <*5 The Captains of the ChrifHans flaine 
 in Famagufta. 
 
 TJpe lojo Eftor Baglione, 
 Che Io?o Aluigi Martinengo. 
 ChelojB Federico Baglione. 
 
 Che fenipjht of Afta aiccpncrno?. 
 
 Cfce capitame Dauid Nocc gaffer of the 
 Campc, 
 
 Che capitaitie Meani of Perugia j§»crieant 
 S©atoj, 
 
 Che eacle Sigifmond of Cafoldo. 
 
 Clje carle Francefco of Lobi of Cremona. 
 
 Checaptaine Francefco Troncauilla. 
 
 Crje captaine Hannibal Adamoof Fermo. 
 
 Che captaine Scipio oftlje citic of Caitello. 
 
 Clje captaine Charles Ragonafco of Cre- 
 mona, 
 
 "©be captaine Francefco Siraco. 
 
 Che Captaine Roberto Maluezzo. 
 
 Che captaine Cifar of Aduerfa, 
 
 Crje Captaine Bernardinof Agubio, 
 
 CJje captaine Francefco Bugon of Verona, 
 
 Che captaine lames of Fabiano, 
 
 C!;e captaine Sebaftian del Sole of Flo- 
 rence. 
 
 Che captaine He6br of Brefcia, the fuccef* 
 four to t!jC captaine Csefar of Aduerfa. 
 
 Che captaine Flaminio of Florence, fucccf« 
 fojSntO Sebaftfan del Sole* 
 
 ■SD&c captaine ErafmusofFcrmo,fucceuojto 
 
 the captaine of Ceinolc. 
 Che captaine Bartholomew of Cernole. 
 'Cue Captaine Iohn Bactifta of Riuarole. 
 Clje captaine Iohn Francefco of Venice. 
 
 &$ The names of Chriftians made flaues. 
 
 Tfyz Carle Herocles Martinengo, oiith 
 Iulius Cxfar Ghclfo a @>ou(Diour of 
 Brefla. 
 CbeearlcNeflorMartinengo.tohichfleo, 
 Che captaine Marco Criuellatore, 
 Che IojO Herocles Malatefta, 
 Cfoc captaine Peter Conte of Montalber- 
 
 to. 
 Che captaine Horatio of Veletri. 
 Cbe captaine Aluigi Pezano. 
 Clje Conte lames of Corbara, 
 Clje captaine Iohn of Iftria. 
 Che captaine Soldatelli of Agubio, 
 Clje captaine Iohn of Afcoli. 
 Clje captaine Antonie of the famerotone. 
 Che captaine Sebaftian of the fame totone. 
 Clje captaine Salgano of the citie of Caftel- 
 
 lo. 
 Che captaine Marchefo of Fermo. 
 Clje captaine Iohn Antonio of Piacenza. 
 Clje captaineCarlettoNaldo, 
 Clje captaine Lorenzo Fornaretti. 
 Clje captaine Barn ar do of Brefcia. 
 
 Che captaine Barnardino Coco, 
 
 C&e captaine Simon Bagnefe, fueceflbur to 
 
 the captaine Dauid Noce, 
 Che captaine Tiberio Ccruto, fucceflb? Ditto 
 
 Conte Sigifmond. 
 Che captaine lofeph of Lanciano , fatceC* 
 
 four Unto captaine Francefco Tronca- 
 
 uilla. 
 Che captaiue Morganre, fucteflb? to captain 
 
 Hannibal, 
 Che itctttcnant jfuccctfout onto the captaine 
 
 Scipio. 
 
 Che StanoecobeacecQtcceCbut to captaine 
 
 Roberto. 
 Che captaine Ottauio of Rimini, fucceHbue 
 
 to the captaine Francefco Bugon. 
 Che captaine Mario de Fabiano, futceflbat 
 
 to captaine Iacomo, 
 Che captaine Francefco of VenicejCacccffOBi: 
 
 unto captaine Antonio. 
 Che captaine Matteo of Capua. 
 Crje captaine Iohn Maria of Verona, 
 C(je captaine Mancino. 
 
 <*5 The Fortifiers. 
 
 Iohn MarmorijUaine, 
 
 Che &nigrjt Maggiojdattc, 
 
 &$ Turirifti Captaines at Famagufta. 
 
 MV(tafa<J5enctafl, 
 Cbe Bafla of Aleppo. 
 Che Bafla of Natolia,lIaine, 
 Mufafer Bafla of Nicofia. 
 
 Che Bafla of Caramania. 
 
 Crje Aga of the Giannizers. 
 
 Giambelat Bey. 
 
 Crje Sangiaccho of TripoIis,(lame» 
 
I ' : 
 
 fobriFoxe. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 W 
 
 %]}t Begliatbei of Greece. 
 
 Ctje Bafla of Sciualft anB Marafco. 
 
 FercaFramburaro. 
 
 Q{|e Sangiacchoof AntipOjftat'ne. 
 
 Soliman Bey, flaine* 
 
 i£b?eeSangiacchosof Arabia.flainc, 
 Muitafa Bey,©CtlcraIof tlje Venturcrs,flain, 
 Fergat.rulec ofMalathia,fiainc, 
 %\)t Framburaro of Diucrie,fiaine, 
 
 The woorthy enterprife of Iohn Foxe an Englifh man in deliue* 
 
 ring 266. ChriftiansoutofthecapriuitieoftheTurkesat Alexandria, 
 thej.oflanuane 1577. 
 
 ^cngoutmcrcbantBfjcreinEnglanditt'sarcnntioniJciagctotraffikem' 
 to g>paine : bibcreunto a fbip.bctng calleo The three halfe Moones, man 5 
 neD tenth 3 8. men, and bell fenfeD totth munitions!, the better to encounter 
 their enemies MithalUnDhauingbiiiiD a-tiDeletfromPortfrnoutb, 1563. 
 anD henceo (jer ioumep tobiaro Siuill a citte in Spaine,intenif ng there to tra= 
 fi: ; uc briih the m, 3no failing neerc the ^trcigljts, theppercciueD the" felues 
 to be beret rounobiith eight gallics of the burkes, infuchbiife, that there 
 
 Iohn Foxc tA* 
 
 bias no biap foj the to flie 0? eftape abiap, butthat either thep mufl pr tin 0? els he funkc, JOljich 
 the ottner perrciuing,manfu!lp enrourageD his companp,crljojtmgthcm toalianclp to Bjcbi their 
 manfjooB, lbtbmigtbemthat ©00 teas their (SaD-ano not their enemies, requeuing them alfo 
 «ot to faint in feeing futh a beape of their enemies reanp 1 ocuour the m ; putting them in minn 
 alfo,that ifittoerc (Sobs pleafure to giue them into their enemies bancs', it tuas not tljcp fought 
 to fbebi one Difplcafant lookcoj countenance thercagainu" ; but to taheit panerttlp, tf not to p?e^ 
 fertile a oap ana time fo? their Deiiuerancc, as the citizens of Bethulia bid, bttttoputtbemfeiues 
 bnBer hismcrcp.SlnD againe,tf it bicre his minD anD goon bull to fhrbi his mighty pobier bp tl;e, 
 if their enemies biere ten times fo manp,thep mere not able to ftanD in their bancs; putting them 
 Jikebiife in mino oftlje olD ano ancient bJoojtbincffe of their countrepmen, b>ho in the barbie er= 
 tremittesljauealtoapesmoflp^euaileoanD gone atoap conquerors, pea, ano inhere it hath bene 
 amtOit impoffible, feucb (quoth he) hath bene the toaliantneffe of our countiepmen,ano fuel; hatfj 
 i)tne tlje mightic pobier of our (Sod. 
 
 MJith other like incouragements,erho?ting them to behaue tbcmfelues manfuUp,tfjcp fell all 
 on their knees making their p japers bjieflp unto (Son : tobo being all rif en bp againe pcrreiueo 
 their enemies bp their figms ano Defiances bent to the fpople, bibofe merep biaB nothing els but 
 crucItte,Uibereupon e ucrp man tooke him to bis toeapon, 
 
 ©hen flooD top one Groue the mallcr,being a comelp man.toith his ftnojD anD target, IjolDt'nj 
 them top in Defiance agapnfi his enemies, &>o liketoife ttooD top the ©bmcr, the Rafters mate* 
 Cl!3oatcfiBame,19tirfer, ano euerp man bieHappointeD. jftobieukebnfefounDCD top theDmms, 
 trumpets ana flutes, bihicb tuoulo Ijaue encouragco anp man, IjaD he netier fo litle heart 0; cou- 
 rage in tnm. 
 
 ©hen taketh him to his charge Iohn Foxe the gunner in the Difpofing of his pieces in o?6er to 
 the heft effect , ano fencing his bullets totnaros the ©urkegjbiho likcUiife beftotoeD their pieces 
 thjife as faff tobiaro the £hjifttans;But (bojtlp thep Djeto neere/o that tlje botomen fel to trjeic 
 charge in fenoing fojth their arrobies fo tljieke amongtl tlje ©allies } 9 alfo in Doubling their (hot 
 fo foje topon the gallies.tbat there biere ttoife fomanp of t^e 'Curkcs flaine.as the number of the 
 Chjiftians mere in all.15ut tlje Curks DifchargeD ttotfe as faft agatnfl the Citfiftians.t fb long, 
 that the (hip bias toerp fo?e ffrichen 9 bjuifeD tonoer tea tcr.ffiLKiicb tlje ©utkes percc itting, mace 
 thcmo?eljaftetocomcaboo?Dtbc<§>hippe: tohichercthcpcoulDDoe, manp a iZLurkc bought it 
 Deerelptoitlj theloffe of their liues.jDet teas allintoaine.anD boojoeo thep tocre,tojherc tljcp founn 
 fo bote af kirmi(h,tljaf it haD bene better thep hao not mcDleo tojitlj tlje fcatt. jf 0? tlje Cnglifljmrn 
 fhetoJeDthcmfeluesmenittDeeD, in blocking manfullp toith their b?otrme bils anoljalbarDes: 
 Inhere the oiuner,malIer,boateftoaine,anD their companp floooe to it fo luftilp, that tlje «£itrkcs 
 lucre halfe DiunaieD.'But chicflp the boatefmaine fljetoeD bimfelf toaliant aboue the reft: fo? he fa« €be burnt 9 
 reD amongff the Curkes like a toooD tion: fo j there bias none of tljem that cither coulo } Diirft 6 f ai " of 'f cit 
 CanD in his face ,ttll at the laS there came a fljot from the Euikcs, bibiclj b?ake his bifiifllc afun-- 2St " ,,(u,a,ra ' 
 Der,ano imote bim on the bjeff ,fo tljat he fell Dobme.lriODing them faretoell, 9 to be of gooo com* 
 fo?t,entourag(ng them lilscbaife to toimie p jaife bp Death, rather then to line captittcs in mifcrp 
 ano fljame.£Qlnch thep bwring.inDcrDtntenDeD to haucDonc,asitappearco bp their fkirmifljt 
 but tlje yjcafe ano Soje oftlje 'Curkes bias fo great, that thep bicre not able long to etuuirc, but 
 toere fo oucrp?efu;D,tfjat tl^ep coulD not toielo their bieapotifribp reafon bihertof, tljcp muff nceas 
 
 
13Z, The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations, fobn Foxe. 
 
 be taken,tol)iclj none of ctjein tntcuocD to batte bene,but rather to batte bicb: erccpc onelp the ma* 
 fters mate,toljo ftmnkc from trjc f iurmifb,like a notable cotoarb, efrceming neither tbe balureof 
 Ijis iwmf.no? accounting oftlje pjefent cramplc cf Ijis fellotoes, nojbauing refpect to t|ie mifc- 
 rieSjtoljcteunto be ffjottlo be puMBwt in fine,fo it toa&tbat tlje 'S.urks toere bicto?s,tobereof the? 
 Ijao nosrrarcattfetorciopce.ojtriumplj, {kljcntooitlo it Ijaiicgricuebanp barb heart to feetbefe 
 adnfioelji fo biolcntlp intreating the <£bjtftians, not bailing anp refpect of their inanboob lubit^ 
 tbep Ijao taffeb of.no? pet refpectfng tljcir otone Gate, boto tljep might Ijaue mcttoitb furij a boo* 
 tic,as might tjatte gtuen them tbe ouertb?oto : but no remote hereof, c j anp thing els both bjtble 
 ttjeir fierce ano tirannousbcaling, but tljat tbe€ljnu"iansmtttt neeosto tbe gallics, to feme in 
 ncto offices : ana tljep toere no fooner in tljem,but tbeir garments lucre pullcb outr their eares, 
 auo to jne from tbeir backcs.anb tljep fct to tlje oares, 
 
 atotllmakrttomciuionoftbeicmiferies, being notobnber tljcir enemies ragmgffripes. 3J 
 tbtnke there is no man toil itibge tljcir fare gooo, oj their boDttB bnlooen of fltipes, anb not peUe* 
 rcb toitlj too much heate,anb alfo tomj too mucbcolo ; but 3i toill goe to mp purpote.tolitrlj is,to 
 fljeto tlje enbe of tbofe, being in meere mifcric,toljtclj continuallp ooe call on (Sod tottb a EeDfaff 
 tope that be toill bcliuer tbem.anb toitlj a Cure faith that be canboe it, 
 
 tfhgljtotljecitteof Alexandria,bctr)g a batten totone.atib bnbcrtlje Dominion oftlje burkes, 
 
 there is a roabc,being mabc bcrp fcnShie toitlj firong toals, toljercinto the burkes Doe cuComa* 
 
 Mp bjing tbeir gallies on fboare cuerppeere,tn the toituer fcafon,anb tbercDoetrimmc tljtm.atiB 
 
 Jap them bp againfl tlje fp jingtime, jn toljicbro?,:; tljcre is a pjtfon,toberein tlje captiucs 9 fuel) 
 
 pjifoners as fcrue in tbe gaUie&arepiit fo? all that time, bnttll the feas be calme ano paffablc fo? 
 
 tlje gall; es, etterp p jifener being moH grtctiottfip laoen toitlj irons en tbeir leggcs, to their great 
 
 cue cngiinj. patne,anbfo?tDif:ibiingof tljcm to anp labour taking, 3intotel)icljpjtfon toere tbefe Cfj?iflians 
 
 wtetsBnto j?Kr»annfafttnaraeoaUt6e Winter feafon, I5uteretttoagtong, tlje Staffer anb tbe £>toncr,bp 
 
 angfliicnneie meanes of frtenDS,toererebeemeb: tbereffabibmgtfillbptljemifcrtc, toljtle tljat ttep toere all 
 
 Alexandria. (thjottgb reafon of their ill bfage ano toojfe fare.nuferablp ff arueo)fauiiigone lohn Fox,tubo(ai8 
 
 fome men can abioc barber ano mojemtferie, tljen otljet feme can, fo can feme lifcrtotfe make 
 
 mo^fbift,anbtoo?kemojebetm'es to Ijelpe tljeit ffateanbliufng.tljenotljctfomecan Doe) being 
 
 fometohat f ftilfull in the craft of a 35arbour,bp reafon thereof maoc great Cttft in helping Ijis fare 
 
 noto ano then toit h a gooo mcale,3lnfcituiclj,til at tlje lau\<£ob fent Ijim fattatr in the fight of tlje 
 
 keeper of tljep?tfon,fo tljat Ije Ijao leaueto goctn anb out to tlje roao.at his p!eafure,paping a ccr« 
 
 tainefftpcmibnto the keeper, anotoeartngalQckeaboutljisleg : tohicljlibcrticlikctotfc, fire 
 
 mo jc hab bpoulke fufferanccttobo bp reafca of tljcir long imp?tfonmcnt, not being feat eb oj fu* 
 
 fuect eo to Qart afiDe,o? tljat tljep tooulo toojhe the burkes anp mifcljicfe ,ljaD libcrtie to go in and 
 
 out at the fapb roaD,in ftrcj) maner,as tbis lohn Fox Dto,totth irons on tljeir legs, anb to retarne 
 
 againe at night, 
 
 3lHtijepecrcofottriojD 1 ? 77. intlje 2Zlrnterffafon,tljegaUiegljappiIptommingto tljetc 
 accufioracD batbojoto,aitD being Difcljargcb of all tbeir maflcs,failes, anb otljer fucb furnitures, 
 asbntogalliesDoeappcrtaine, anb all tlje ^allersanD mariners of tljcm being tljeu nefleDin 
 their otonc homes: tljcrc remaineD in thepjifon of tbe faio roab ttoo hunD?eo tlj?eefco?e anb eight 
 Clj?tflian p?ifoners,toho [jab bene taken bp tlje ®urks fo?ce,auo toere of fitteen funo?p nations. 
 Smongtoljicb there toere tbiec <£ng!iffjmen, tohereofonetoasnamcDlohn Foxe of Wood- 
 bridge in Suffolke, tlje Otljer William Wickney of Portfmouth.ultbeCountie of Southhamp- 
 ton, ano tlje tbitD Robert Moore of Harwich in tlje Countie of ElTex . 2Hbich lohn Fox hauing 
 
 bene thirteene 0? fourctccne peres bnoer tljeir gentle entreatance,anb being too too tocatp there* 
 of,minbing Ijis cfcape,toeigbeD toith Ijimfelfe b^ tobat meanes it might be b?ough£ to paffc : ano 
 continuallp ponDeting toitlj Ijimfelf tbercof,tooke a gooo heart bnto bim,tn hopetbat (SoDtooulo 
 not be not altoapes ftourging tjis chilo^en, anb neuer ceaffeb to p?ap him to further bis pjeten* 
 Dcd enterp?ife,if tljat tt UjoulD rcbouno to Ijis glo?p, 
 
 jSot farrefrom the roab, anb fometoljat from tljencc, at one fioe of tlje Citie.tberetoaS a cer» 
 tainebictualltnghoufe, tohicb one Peter Vnticaroljabhircb, papingalioacertaine fee bnto the 
 keeper oftlje roab, Fiji's Peter Vn ticaro toas a gjpaniarb borne, anb a Chnftian, anb hab bene 
 pjtfoner about tljtrtie peereo, ano neuer pjactifeb anp meanes to cfcape, but kept himfelfe quiet 
 toitbout touch 0? fufpect of anp confpiracte : bntill tljat notoe this lohn Foxe bfing much tht' 
 tfjer,thtp bwke one to another their minoes, concerning tljerearatnt of tljeir libcrtie anbimpn' 
 fonment. S>o tljat this lohn Fox at length openingbnto this Vnticaro tlje beuife tohicb be bioulo 
 fainc put in p?actife,mabe p?iuie one mo?e to this tljeir intent, SUhidj tlj?tc bcbateD of tljis mat« 
 tcr at fucb times as tljep coulD compaffe to mccte together : tnfomucb,tbat at fctien toeekes ence 
 tljep Ijac fufftcientlp concltibcb Ijoto tlje matter ujoulb be,if it pleafeb ^ob to fartlje, rtbem tljcrc* 
 
Iohn Fox. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 t>rl 
 
 m 
 
 to rtubo making Sue moje yjtute to tbis tljeir oeuife, toborntbcptljougtjc ttjep mtgljc tafeip 
 
 trufl, BcrctmmeD in tb?ee nigljtis aftec to accomplttg tteir Deliberate purpofe. ffittbereupon tbe 
 
 fame Iohn Fox,anb Peter Vncicaro.ano tbe otber fire appointeo to meete all together in tlje pji= 
 
 fontljc nertoap,beingtbeIattBapof December : toberethis Iohn Fox ccrtifico tljercft of tlje -snjtiafiofsDn. 
 
 pjifoners, tohat their intent ano Deuire teas, ano hoBo arm toljen tbep minoeo to bjing their yur= tan6rt - 
 
 pofe to palTe: toljo thereunto perfboaBeo them totthottt much a foe to further their ocmfc&EUjicb 
 
 the fame Iohn Fox fecing,DcIittereDBntoehcmauw; of files, Boljicb be h<iDgathercD together fo? 
 
 tbiupurpofe, bp the meanes of Peter Vnticaro , charging them that euerp man ujoulD be reaoie 
 
 Hifchargebof his pjons bp eight of the clocke on the ncrt cap at night* 
 
 JDn the ncrc nap at nigbt,tht's fain iohn Fox, ano hija fireotljcr companions, being all come to jnmurfc 
 the boufe of Peter Vnticaro , palling the timeatoap in mirth fo? fearc of fufpecc , till tlje night 
 eameon,fotbattttoasitmefojtbnmoputinpjactife their beuife.fcnt Peter Vnticaro to the 
 mailer ofttje roaoe, in the name of one of the patters of the citte,tuith tehom this keeper teas ac= 
 cmainteo, ano at tebofe reuuett be alfo tooulu come at the firtt : toho Befircb him to take the patties 
 to mcetc htm there, pjomtfing ljim,thae he teouto tying him backe againe, %i)e keeper agrreb to 
 goe Botch htm, totllittg tlje Boarbcrs not to barre the gate, Taping, that be tooulo not flap long , but 
 Booulo come againe toith allfpeebe, 
 
 3n tlje meant frafon.tbe other fcuenhabpjouiocb them of fucbturapons,a?thep coulo get fa 
 that boufe: anolohnFoxtookebimtoanolDeriifliefteojoblaBe,tettbout cttberbtlto?pomell, 
 tobtcb be maoe to feruc bis tutne,in benbing ttje banD enoe of the ftoojo, in fteeo of a pomell,ano 
 tlje ottjee Ijnb got fitch fpits ano glaiues as thep founo in tlje boufe, 
 
 QLty keeper note being come bnto tbe boufe, ano petcciuing no light , noj heating anp nopfe, 
 firaigbtteapfufpccteD the matter: ano returning backtoarb, Iohn Fox Banning bebmo the toy- 
 ner of tljeboufe,fleppeofooHbi>ntobim : tubopcrceiuingitto be Iohn Fox, faioe,© Fox, tohae 
 batte 3 oeferuco of thee,tbat thou IboulDeft fcefte mp Heath's &bou billaine (quoth Fox) haft bene 
 ablooofuckerofmanpaCbMatanBblooD.anonoBJtbouujalt kuotu tobattljou baft oefciueo at 
 mp banoes : tnljereiutttj he lift Bp bis bjigbt ujiningftoo?B of tenne peeres rutt , aim flroke him fa 
 matne a blotee, as t her c Be it Ijall bis beao clauc a umber, fo that be fell flat ke oeao to the greuno. 
 thereupon Peter Vnticaro toent in, ano certifieotbe red bote the cafe flooo teiththe keeper : 
 mbo came pjefentlp foojtb.ano fome teitb their fpics ranne bim tb?ougb , ano tbeotljer teitb ttjeic 
 glaiues hcteeo him in ftmocr, cut off bis beao,anomangIeoljimfo,chatno manfljoulobifcerne 
 tebatheteas, 
 
 ■Chen marcijeo thep totoarb tlje roaoe, toljetcinto thep entrreb foftIp,rjjfcerc toere fir toaroers, 
 tuhom one of tljem afkcD,faping> toljo teas there 1 : tuiotlj Fox j bis compmrp, all frtcnoes* fSJhicb 
 lBheiubepBoereallBJitljin.pjoueDcontrarptfo^quotb Fox, mp matters, bere is not to euerp 
 man a inan,Boherefoie looke4>bu plappour parts.ciobo fo bebaueo tljemfelucs in oecbe, tljat thep 
 ban Difpatcljeo tljefe fire quicklp.'&ben Iohn Fox intenoing not to be barren of btsenterpufe 3 ano 
 mitiotng to toojke fur'elpin tbat tebicb be Bocnt about , barreb trje gate furelp, ano planteo a £a* 
 nonagainttit. • 
 
 &ljen entren tljep into the (Sailers longcBobere tlje p founo the kepes of the fowreflc $ pufott 
 »p his beo ftbe,ano there bao tbtp all better Boeapons. 3n trjis cljamber teas a cbeft,tohereitt Boas 
 a rich treafure,ano all in ouckats.tehich this Peter ynticaro, $ tteo mo je,openmg,ltuffeo tljem= 
 feluesfbfullas tbtp coulo, betteecnetbeir tbirtsano tbeir fkinne: tehtclj iohn Fox tooutonot 
 oncetoucb.anofapDe.thaticteashisanDtljeir'rtbertietobtcbbefougbt foj, to the honour of bts 
 <Soo,$ not to make a marte of the toickeo treafure of tbe 3nfioels. get oto ttjefc Boo?os Cuke no^ 
 tbing into tbeir flomakes,thep Bioic foji a gooo intent : fo oib Saul faue the fatteft ©ten, to offer 
 Bnto tbe Lop,anD thep to feruc tbeir ctene tutne. 15ut neither bin Saul fcape the te jath of (Sob 
 therefor, neither hao ctjefie that tbing tubfefj tbep nefireo fo,anb bio tljt'rfl after.&ucb is ©oos tu= 
 ftice.llpe tbat tbep put tbeir craft" in, to oeliuet tbem from tbe tp?annous Ijanos of tbeir enemies, 
 Jje(3fap)coulDfupplptbeitBoantofneceiraries, . : ■ 
 
 j^oteetbefe eight being armebtettljfucb Boeapons as thep thought well of, thinking tfjmv 
 Jeluesfufftcient cljampionsto encoanter a ftronger cnemte, ano comming bnto tlje pjifon , Fox 
 openeo tlje gates ano ooo?cs tljtreof, auo calleb foMb all the p?ifoners,tohtm he ftt,fome to ram= 
 mrngBptljegatcfometotbeojefTingBpof acertatnegallictebicbtoastbebeain all tbcreaoe, 
 ano Boas calico ehe captaine of Alexandria.Bobereinto fome carieb mafles, failes,oares,ano otljer 
 fuel) furniture as Dot Ij belong bnto a gallic. 
 
 3t tbe pnfen lucre certaitte tearo crs, teljom Iohn Fox anb bis companie fieBoe : in the killing 
 of inborn , there lucre eight ntojc of tbe Curkcs.to Ijich pcrcctueo thcm,ano got them to tbe toppe 
 of tlje pjtfan : untotohom Iohn Fox, anb biscompaup,BJerefaine wcomc hp|aoDers,tehcrc 
 
 ^ tbep 
 
154. TheEnglifhVpyages^Nauigations, Iohn Fox, 
 
 ■ _L * *-- ■ ' — * 
 
 tbep fouiij a boc f ku mulj.jf o? fame of tbemtocre ctjere flame, lame toomiDe D,ano fome but fear- 
 reo.ano not burt.3s Iohn Fox toas tb?ife ujot tb?ough bis appa«H,an6 not I;urt,Peter Vnticaro, 
 ano the other ttoo.that bao armeo them mi th the Dtickats,tncre flatuc, as not able to toeilo tbem» 
 fiiucs^citmfopeltcrca toitb t!jc ujctght ano b'.icaftc carping of thetoickco ano pwpbnue trta- 
 fute : ano aifo oiuerfe Cb?ifttans toere aftoell hurt about that f fcirmiCb, as Curkes flaine. 
 
 amongtttbe Cutkes toas one tb?ufl tbo?otoe, tobo (let os not fap tljatit teas ill fo?mne) fell 
 off from tlje toppeof tfje p?ifon toall,anD maoe fucb a loojing.tbat tlje inhabitants tf)ereabout(ajs 
 bete ano therefcattcringttoooeahoufeo?ttoo) came nnooatoeobim , fo that rljcp bnocrttooo the 
 cafe, hoto that tbc p?ifoners toerepaping tbeir ranfomes : tobereteitb the? ratfeo betjj Alexan- 
 dria tohich lap on the tacit Hoe of the roaoe,ano a C attic tohirh inns at the Cities eno,nert to the 
 roaDcattu alfo an otber JFo?treffe totjicfj lap on tfje 3fio?tbKDc of tl;c roaoc: fotbatnotoe tbep bao 
 no toap to ef cape.but one.tolucb bp mans reafon ( the t too IioIdcs Iping fo fepon the mouth of t be 
 roaoe ) might fceme imp otfiblc to be a toap fo: them, @>o teas the ceo Tea impoffible fo; t be Israe- 
 lites to palfe th?ougb,tbe bfls ano rockes lap fb on the one fioe,ano tbeir enemies compalfeD them 
 on the other, <§>o teas it impofliulc.tbat tbe toals of Iericho tboulo fall ootone , being neither on- 
 oermineD.no? pet rammeo at toitb engines ,no? pet anp mans toifcoome , pollicie , o? belpe fet oj 
 put thereunto. Sbuch i mpoff ibilitt es can ouc (5 o o make poffible. ipe that Ijcloc tbe t pone tatocs 
 from renting Daniel afunDer.pea, o ? pet from once touching him to bis burt: can not be bolo the 
 roring canons of this belltlrj fo?ce \ €Jc that kept tbe fters rage in tbe hot burning ©uen, from tbe 
 th??e cbilo?en,tbat pjatfeo his name , can not be keepe the tic rs flaming blades from among Ins 
 elect t 
 
 tf-toto is tbe roaoe fraught tenth luflie fouloiers,labo?ers,ano marineEs.tohoare fame to Cano 
 totbeittaikling,mfettingtoeucrpmanljisbanD,fometotljecarpingmofoictuals,fomcmuniti« 
 ons.fomeoares.anofomc one thing, fome another, but mod are keeping ctjeir enemiefrom tbe 
 toall of tberoaD. But to be Qjo?t,tbcre toas no time mifpent.no man iole,no? anp mans iabcur ill 
 beilotoeo,o? in name. &o tbat inibo?t time.tbisgallp mas reaop trimmeDbp.cKlbereinta euerp 
 man leapet) in all battc.bopffingbp tlje faplcs Itittilp , peeloing themfciues.tobis meccie ano 
 grace, in tobofe banos are both toinoe ano toeatber, 
 
 jftoto istbisgallponflote.anooutof tbefafetieoftbe roaoe t notojjaue the ttoo Catties full 
 potoer upon tbe gallp,noto is thereno remeop but to finke:hoto can it befluoiceo'-.'S.be canons let 
 flie from both fioes, ano the gallp is cttenin tbe miooett.ano bettocene-them botlj,®llbatman can 
 oeutfe to fatte it ■; there is no man, but tooulo thinke it mag neeces be funke. 
 
 Chere toas not one of them that feareo the fljotte , tohich toe.nt tbtinojing rouno about tbeic 
 earcs.no j pet toere once fcarreo o? touctjeo, Voith 8tte $ fo?tp Irjot, luhicb cam? from tbe Cafllce. 
 ¥)m oto ^Sod IjoId foo?tb Ms buckler,be ftjieloctj) noto tbts gallp,anti liatb ttieo tbetr faitb to tbe 
 Wtermou\ l!5oto commctb bis fpeciall bclpe:pca,euen Uihenmantljinkstljempaii allbelpe.theti 
 commetb be bimfclfe ootone fcom (jeaucn tenth htsmigbtie potoer, tbenishis pjefent remcoie 
 mod reaoie p?efl,^o? tljep faile atoap.being not once touebco toitb tlje glaunce of a (hot , ano are 
 quicklp out of the Sutkiuj canons reach, ^ben might tljep fee them comming ootone bp beapesJ 
 to the toatcr fiDe.iit companies like onto ftoarmesof bees,making (beto to come after them totth 
 gallies, in buttling thnnfclues to DjelTe bp the gallics , tohich tooulo be a ftoift pecce of too jke 
 fo? them to ooe,fo? thatthep bao neither oares,maiJte3, failes, gableSj no? atip thing clfe reaop m 
 anp gallp. But pet thep are carping tbcm into them, fome into one gallp, ano fome into another, 
 fo tbat,being furb a confuGon amongfl tljem, toitbout anp certaine gutoe,it totre a thmgimpolTi* 
 bletoouertaketbeintbefioetbat.tberetoasno man that tooulo takecljarge of a gallp, tbe toea* 
 tbcrtoasfo rough, ano there toasfucb an amafeones amongft tbcm. : 9nDberelp 31 thinke their 
 <Soo bias amafeo thereat : it coulo not be but he mutt bluttj f o? ftjame, be can fpeake ncuer a too?o 
 fb?otrlncs,mucbIeire can he belpe them in fuel) ancttremttie, tClclI,botofocucr it is .heisbctp 
 much to blame, to fuffer tbem to recciue fucb a gibe. But botofoetitrtbeir (0oo behaueo himfelfe, 
 our (Soo (bctoco bimfclfe a (Sod inoecoe,anD that he toas the onelp liuingsSoo : fo? the feastoere 
 ftoift bnoer bis faithfull.tohich maoe the enemies agatt to bebolD them , a fkilroller pilot leaocs 
 thent,«notheirmariners bctticre tbcm luftilp r but the ^urhesh** neither martneri8,13ilot,no? 
 anpf kilfull Chatter, tbat toas in a reabinelTe at this pincb, 
 
 S3b"n tlje (£h?ittianstoere fafe out of the enemies coatt , Iohn Fox calleo to them all, toilling 
 them to be thanfef ull bntoalmigbtp (Soo fo? tbeir oeliuerie , ano mott bumblp to fall ootone bpon 
 tbeir knees,bereecb:ng bira to aioe tbcm onto tbeir frienos lano , ano not to b?ing tbcm into an op 
 tber oatmger, fith tjee haomott mightilp oeliueceo them from fo great a th?aluome anobon- 
 uage. 
 
 '^LlyM tohen euerp man bao maoe bis petition , tbep fell ftr aiglj t toap to tbeir labour toiib the 
 
 oares, 
 
lohn Foxe. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 itf 
 
 eares,in helping one another,toben thep toere iBearieo,anD toith great labour uniting to come to 
 
 fomc GfyiQian lano, as neerc as thep rottlD gefTe Dp tbe fiarrcs. 15ut the toinoes toere fo ewers, 
 
 one lubfle D jiutngtticm ttjig toap.anotljcr \uljtlc tljat laap, tfjat tljrp tocrcnotoina nctoe ntaje, 
 
 thinking that (Sod bao fo?fakrn tbem,ano left them to a greater Danger, 8no folafmucb as there 
 
 toere no bictuals noto left in tbegallp,it might haue becne acaufc to them ( if tbrp bao bernc the 
 
 Ifraelitcs) tobsttc murwurcDagainlt their ©od: bttctbepkuetobou) that their ©oo.bjbo baDDe= 
 
 liucreD them out of .(Egypt, toas fuel) a lotting anD merciful! ©on , as that bee tooulo not furft r 
 
 tljcm to be coufomiDcD, in uibom be bao tojougbt fo great a uionoer : but tohat calamine foetier 
 
 tbep fuftaineo,thep kneto it toaa but fo? their further triall , ano alfo ( in putting tbentin inmo of 
 
 their farther nt!feric)to caufe them not to triumph ano glo?p in tbemfclueg therefoje.l()auing(3l 
 
 fdp)uo oictuals in the gallp, it might feeme that one miferie contmuallp fel upon an others neck: 
 
 but to bebucfe.tbefaminegretotobefo great, that in 28 capes, tohereiutbep toere on thefea, fmmttttf, 
 
 there o:'eo eight perfons, to the atfonilbment of all the ret! I 
 
 <§>o itfellotttjthatbpon the 29Dap,aftertbepfet from Alexandria, tbcp frllontbe 3!fieof 
 Gandie, ano lanoeD at Gallipoli,tobere thep toere maoe much of bp the 8bbot anD g$onks there, 
 tuba caufeu them to Cap there , tobt'le tbcp were toell refrefbeo ano eafeo. ■Sbep feept there the **; *« Wj 
 faiowctoberctoitblohn Fox bao kiUeo the keeper, eaeeming it as amoff pjcctousietoen,aiio 
 bung it bp fo } a monument, 
 
 auben tljep thought gooD,hauing leaite to Depart from tfcenec, the? fapleo along the roaft, till 
 thep atriucD at Tarento,tohcrc thep foloe their gallic, anD DeuioeD it, cucrp man batting apart 
 thereof. 3L.be burkes recciuing Co ujamefull a foile at their hano , purfueo the CbnCians , ano 
 fcoureo tlje feas , tohcre the? coulo imagine that thep bao bent their courfe. &no the Cbjiffians 
 hao DeparteD from thence on the one Dap in the mowing, ano feuen gallies of the burkes came 
 thither that tttght.as it toas certifies bp tbofc who follotoeD Fox, ano his companic, fearing leafi 
 tljepfl)oulDha«ebtnemettoith,9nDthcntbepcameafootetoNaples,toherethepDepartcDafun-- 
 Der.euerp man taking him to his nert toap home, jf rom tobence lohn Fox tooke bis lottrnep bnto 
 Rome, inhere he mas toell entertapneo of an <JBngliujman,tobo p jefenteo bis toojebp Deeoebnta 
 the Tpope, toho retoarDeo himliberallp, ano gaue him his letters bnto the king of Spaine, tohere 
 be toagberp toell cntertaineDoflnm there, toho fo? this his moll toojthpenterpjife gaue him 
 in fee ttoentie pence a Dap. jfrom tobence,betng oefiroug to come into his otone councrie,he came 
 thitberatfucbttmeasheconuenientlpcoulD,tohichtoasinthepeereof our 3to?oe<SoD,i 5 79, 
 JKHbo being come into England, toent bnto the Court, ano (betoeo all his trauell bnto the Coun-- 
 cell:toboconGDeringoftbefiateoftbisman,inthatbeebaofpent ano loffa great part of his 
 potttb in tbjalDomeano bonoage.ertenDeo to him their liberalitie,to beipe tomaintaine him now 
 in age, to their right bono ttr, ano to tlje incoura gem en t of all true bearteo Cbjiutang, 
 
 famine. 
 
 CtuojDiirptaa 
 fl mamimcnc 
 lit Gallipoli. 
 
 The copie of the certificate for lohn Fox , and his companie , made 
 by the Prior,and the brethren olGaUipoli, where they firft landed. 
 
 WE the Prior, and Fathers of the Couent of the Amerciates, of the city of Gallipoli, 
 ofthe order of Preachers doe teftifie, that vpon the 29 of Ianuaty laft paft, 1577, 
 there came into thefaid citie a certaine gaily from Alexandria, taken from the Turkes, with 
 two hundreth fiftie and eight Chi iftians.whereof was principal Mailer lohn Fox,an Englifh- 
 man, a gunner, and one ofthe chiefeft that did accomplifh that great worke, whereby fo ma- 
 ny Chriftiaus haue recouered their liberties. In token and remembrance vs hereof , vpon our 
 earned requelt to the fame lohn Fox, he hath left here an olde fworde , wherewith he flewe 
 the keeper of the prifon : which fword we doe as a monument and memoriall of fo worthy 
 adeede , hang vp in the chiefe place of our Couent houfe. And for becaufe all things afore- 
 faid,are inch as we will teftifie to be true, as they are orderly paffed , and haue therefore good 
 crcdite, that fo much as is aboue expreffed is true, and for the more faith thereof, we the Prior, 
 andFathersaforefaide, haue ratified and fubferibedthefeprcfents* GcueninGallipoly, the 
 third of Februarie 1577* 
 
 I Frier Vincent Barl>a,Prior of the fame place, confirme the premifet,as they are above written. 
 iFriir Albert Darnaro,ofqalltpoly, Subprior, confirme at much, 
 I Frier <tAnthony Cellelerof Gallrpoly , confirmed aforefaid. 
 I Frier Bartlemew ofGalltpoly, confirms as aboue faid. 
 I Frier Francis of Gallipot, confirme at much. 
 
 M» Tb« 
 
\\6 The Engliih VoyageSjNauigations, lohnfroxe. 
 
 TheBifhop of %ome his letters in the behalfe of 
 
 lohn Fox. 
 
 BE it knowen vnto all men, to whom this writing (hall come, that the bt inger hereof lohn 
 Fox Englishman, a Gunner.afcer he had ferued captiue in the Turkes gallies , by the fpace 
 of foureteeneyeeres, at length.thorough God his heipe,taking good oportunitic, the third of 
 Ianuarie laft part, flew the keeper of the prifon , ( whom he firft ftroke on the face ) together 
 with foure and twentie other Turkes, by che afsiftancc of his fellow pnfoners : and with 266. 
 Chriltians (of whofe Iibertie he was che author)launched from Alexandria, and from thence 
 arriuedfirftatGallipoIyinCandie,and afterwatdes at Tarento in Apulia: the written tefh- 
 mony and credite of which things, as alfo of others, the fame lohn Fox hath in publikc tables 
 from Naples, 
 
 Vpon Eafter eue he came to Rome , and is now determined to take his ioumey to the Spa- 
 nifli Court, hoping there to obtaine fome reliefc toward his liuing : wherefore thepoore di- 
 ftrefTed manhumbly befeecheth,and we in his behalfe do in the bowels of ChriH,deilre you, 
 that taking compafsion of his former captiuitie,and prefent penurie, you doe not onely /urTec 
 him freely to pafle throughout all your cities and to wnes,but.al fo fuccour him with your cha- 
 ritable almes.thc reward whereof you fhall hereafter moft afluredly rcceiue , which we hope 
 you will afford to him , whom with tender affeclion of pitie wee commende vnto you. At 
 Rome, the 20 of Aprill 1 577. 
 
 ■ Thomas Groloi Englishman Btjhop of t/iflraphen. 
 Richard StlUum Prior zyfxglU. 
 
 Andreas Ludouicus Regifter to our Soucraigne LordtheTope , which for the greater credit 
 efthepremifes,hauefet myfeale to thefeprefents.At Romejthe day andyeere aboue written, 
 ^Mauritius (flemnt thegouernourand keeper of the Englifh Hojpitallin the cttie. 
 
 The King oiSf>a.\w his letters to the Lieutenant, for the placing 
 of lohn Fox in the office of a Gunner. 
 
 TO the illuflrious Prince, Vefpafian GonfagaColonna,our Lieutenant and CaptaineGe- 
 nerall of our Realme of Valentia. Hauing consideration, that lohn Fox Englishman hath 
 ferued vs, and was one of the moft principall , which tooke away from the Turkes 2 ccrtaine 
 gallie, which they haue brought to rarento, wherein were twohundred,fiftje,and eight Chri- 
 stian captiues : we licence him to prac"tife,and giue him the office of a Gunner , and haueor- 
 dained,that he goe to our faid Realme, there toferuc in the faid office in the Gallies, which by 
 our commandement are lately made. And we doe commaund, that youcaufe to be payed to 
 him eight ducats payamoneth.forthetimethathefhallferuc in the faide Gallies as aGun- 
 ner, or till wecan othcrwife prouide for him, the faide eight duckatsmonethly of the money 
 whith is already of our prouifion, prefent and to come, andtohaueregardc of thole which 
 come with him, From Efcuriall the tenth of Auguft, 1577. 
 
 I the King. 
 
 Iuan del Gado. 
 tyfndvnder that a confirmation of the ComceU. 
 
 The renuing and increafing of an ancient and commodious trade 
 vnto diuerle places in theLeuantfeas, and to the chiefeft partes of all the 
 
 great Turks daminions,by the meanes ofthc Right worfh, citizens Sir Edward Osbnrne 
 Alderman, and M. RichardStaper marchant of London. 
 
 {[piscratictnto the Leuant( as is beftnc mcntioneo, page 96 of tbisp?efentl)o* 
 
 1 lumc, toijeretmto 31 referre the Eeaeer) teas toerp tofuatlanrjmuth frequentco 
 
 from thepeereof cutlet 1 j 1 i,cilltljepeerc 1 534,anBaftetrDarrjalfi) 3 tIjottgft 
 
 notfocommoKlp.tontilUrje pecre 1 5 5 o, torjen as the barfeeAucher totter the 
 
 contmct of S^.Rogcr Bodenha m mace a pjofyerous toopatje Wttd Sicilia , Can- 
 
 dia, Sio'ano otljer places toithin tljeLcuanr, g>ince totjicrj time the fojefaia trace (nctttntbflatu 
 
 Otnpj the ©ratlD Signiors ample p^itulege grantCBtO 90, Anthony Icnkenfon i 5 y j,airttbf 
 
 flrong 
 
Tbe Turfo Letters. Traffiques and Difcouenes. 137 
 
 Cronganl)U)cigljtprc<ifon0 of Gafpar Campion fo?tbatpurpore)tua3litfcrIPD!rcoiititH!eD,ant) 
 in maner quite forgotten, as if it IjaD ncner bene, fo? the fpace of 20 pcarcs ano ino?r. iipotobctt 
 
 tljEDlCCKCtC and U)0?tbp Citizens §>it EdwardOsborneailD^.Ridiard Stapcr Ceriotlfip Conii- 
 
 Deringtobatbencfitcmia^jcgrcto to tlje commas tocalcb bp ftnufog of tl;e fo?efaio cifcontiniico 
 tune, to t[je inlargingof her i^aiefttes cuCasiics.tlje fttttljcrttig of nauigation, tbe uetittng ofoi- 
 uetfcgcnerallcoiiunotiitifiBofcljtBaealiiie.ar.Dtijeitiric^npjoftljecitie of London, tetcrniinco 
 to oCcfome effectual! meancs fo? t!jc rccfiabliujtug ano augmenting thereof. 
 
 GEtljerefoie about t'ge peere 1575 tbe fo?efaiO R.W. march-ants at their eljargcs atto rrpcn= ^urbrragc uV 
 ftS feilt Iolm Wight auD Iofeph Clements bp the toap of Poland to Conftaminoplctobe re tbe {^ acmtn* 
 Caiolofephrcmaineo 18 moncthesto procure a Cafe conduct from tlje gratiD Signior ,fo? S0. tD conftsmino. 
 WUliamHarborncjtbcnfactojfo^icEdvvardOsbomc.toIjaucffEeacceffemtoljipJlpigljncs p 1c - 
 dominions, ano obtainco the fame. 
 
 anijicij buftneffe after ttoo pcres changeable trauell ano fuit being accomplidjeo , tl;e Capo m , ^ t nta\>op> 
 
 Harbornetljefirfl of 33ulp I 578 DcpartCDfrom London bp tl)C fea to Hamburgh, mio tljencc j^hJ*;" 
 
 VVil- 
 
 bomc 
 
 accompanied unci) Iofeph Clements bis guioe ano a feruant,lje trauaileo to Leopolis in Poland, t0 conftamma. 
 ano thai apparelling Ijimfelfe, Ijts guioe, ano Ijts feruant after tlje t£urkiujfafbion ( bauing firff P le< 
 obecpneo the king of Poland btsfafe conoucttopaffc atCamienijccztlje frontier totone of bis 
 jomiiuonsnerc unto CttrRpjbpgooti meanBije obtetneofauour of one AcmaChaus tlje t&urltfi 
 ambaffaoour tljcn in Poland, ano rcaoie to returne to Conftantinople , to bee receiuco into 
 ijiscomuameanocarouan. &no Co the fourth of September 1 578 ijeoepatteo toitljtbefaio 
 
 Acmct from Leopolis in Poland , anD trauelling though Moldauia.Valachia, Bulgaria, ano 
 Romania, gratifying the Voiauodes toitb certaine cottrccfteg, Ije arriueo at Conftantinople the 
 2 8 of 2D ctobec nert infuing, KLlljere he bchaueo bimfelfe fo toifelp ano oifcreetelp , that tottljm 
 fetomonctbs after Ijeobtaineo not onelp the great burkes large auo ample pjuuieogefo^hinv 
 felfe,ano tlje ttoo too?fljipfuIl perfons afo?efaiO , but alto p?ocureo his honourable ano friendly. 
 letters unto her 95 aieftie in mancr following. 
 
 The letters fentfrom the Imperial! Mufuimanlike highnefTe 
 
 of Zuldan Murad Can, to the (acred regall Maieftie of Elizabeth 
 
 Queene of England, the fifteenth or March 1 579,0011- 
 
 teyning the grant of the fitft priuileges, 
 
 I JI2 greatness ano gIo?p moH renotomeo Elizabeth , mofi facreo 2kueene,ami 
 I noble p?ince of the moff mightie toojujipperg of JefuEt, mod uiife goucrno j 
 'of tlje eauCes ano affaires of the people ano familp of Nazareth.clouo of mott 
 j pleafant raine, ano Ctoecteft fountatne of nobleneffe ano uertue, laoie J beire 
 j \ of the perpetuall bappineffe | glo?p of tlje noble Eealme of England (toljom 
 I all fojts Ccekeunto anofubmit tbemCelues) toe toitb moll p?ofperousCuc< 
 I cclfc ano Ijappie cnos to all pour actions,ano Do offer unto pou fucij pleasures 
 ano cur t cfiee as are toojtbp of our mutuall ano c t email familiar it ic : thus ending ( as belt befee* 
 meth 1.1s ) our fomtct falutactons. 
 
 3!nmott fricnolp maner toe giue pou to bnoerflano, tbat a certaine man Ijatb come Vrnto Ds in 
 tlje name of pourmottercellciitEegall Spaieflic.commenoiugtinto ijgfrom pou all Rinoneffe, 
 curtcfic ano frienolp offices on pour part , ano oio bumblp require tbat our3lmpcriallb«gbneu"e 
 tooulo boucljfafe to giue leaue ano libertie to bim ano bnto 1 tpjo other mercljants of pour hing= WB* ttoo 
 Bome, to refojt Ijitber ano returne agatne , ano tbat bp toap of traffifee tljep mtgbt be fuffeteo to •Z3£S££ 
 traoe hither toitbtbeirgooogano mercljanoi5egtoour31mperialloominiong,anDinliRefojtto |un«®.Ri<:hard 
 jtianctbetr returne. uper " 
 
 ©ur flatelp Court ano Countrep tjatlj beent euer open fo? tbe acceffe botb of our enemies ano 
 frtenojs.TSttt becaufe uic arc tnfojmeo tbat pour moC ercellent Kegall S{&aiettp ootlj abotino toit& 
 gooo mill, btimam'tie, ? all kino of louing affection totoaros b3,fo muclj tbe ratljer Qjall tbe fame 
 ourCountrep be altnapcs open to fucb of pour fubiects , as bp map of mercbanofje ftjall traoelji' 
 tljcr : ano lie Inill neuer fade to aioe 9 fuccoi anp of them tbat are 0? ujal be tnilling to cQeeme of 
 our frieno&jip.fauour $ affiilance:but uiill reckon it fome part of our outie to gratifie tljem bp all 
 gooo meanes, 3no fo?afmticlj as our ampcttall Ijigbneffe is giuen to bnoerffano tljat pour mott 
 ercellent IRegall spaieflic ootlj etcell in bounti'e $ curtctie, toe tljerfo?e baue Cent out our 3lmpe« 
 riallcommanocment to all our kings, iuoges, ano travellers bp Cea,to all oiir Captaines ano too* 
 luntarie Ceafaring men, all conoemnco perfons, ano officers of pojtg ano calf omes , flraigbttg 
 cljarging anocommanoing tljcm,tljat fucbfojefniDperCons as CDall ccfojt Ijttrjer bp feafromtbe 
 
 £p j Kealme 
 
: UJrcallctH She 
 (EctmaiiicEin- 
 ycrai but !;mg 
 OiGcimaiiJc. 
 
 158 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The QJetters. 
 
 Ecalme of Engl and,euljer ttritrj great oj fmau" beflels co iraDe by tuap ot marcljanDi jc.map lato- 
 fullp cotm to out imperiall Dominions, ano freelp rcturne ^cmc againc , ano tljat no man ftjall 
 oare to niolctt j trouble tljcm,3no if in like fo?c tljcp (ball came into our Dominions bp lano , ti- 
 tfjcr on footc oj on Ijojfebacfec , no man (ball at anp tunc imtbGauo 0? binDcr them : but as our fa^ 
 miliars aim COnftDcratrsJ , tbc French, Venetians, Polonians, anD tl)C || king of Germany ,toitlj 
 Diuers otljer our neighbours about ua , bauelibertie to come hither,? to rcturne againc into tbeir 
 otone cotmttcp!3,inlikefo?tt!)cmarc!jantsof yourmoacrcclientiaegall SpaieQics fcingDome 
 (ball rjaue fafe conouct ano leaue to repap?e bitrjer to our 3muertail Dominions, ano fo to rcturne 
 againc into their oton Gnuntrp: Cratgbtlp charging that thep be mffercD to Ufe anD traoc all kino 
 ef marcljauoif e as anp octjer Civilians Doe, totthour let 0? DiOurbance of anp. 
 
 Chert fojte toben tljefe our 3|mpcriall letters (ball be bjougbt to pour mod erccllent Kcgall 
 £0atcflie,it mall be meet, acceding to our beneuoUnce,fouirunttp,ano familiaritp totoaros pout 
 molierccIIcutepaicftp.tljatpouUlteuJifebctijinfecpoiirfUfeofpcttrlikebfntuolcnce.bumanitie 
 ano fricnofrjipuc toniaros us, to open the gate thereof unto be, ano to nourifb bp all gooD meanes 
 this kinDtutfe ano f nenDfljip: ano tljat Itke libcrtie map be grantcD bp pour ipiglmeffe to our fub= 
 iects ano metchantato come a)itl)tbcirmercbanoi?es topourDominioiis,eithcr bpfeatoith tljetr 
 ujips.o? bplano toitb their toagons 0? hojfes, ano to returnebome agame: ano that pour mod er= 
 cellent Hegalispaietlie Bo alttapes Declare pour tjumanitie, gooa iuill/.nQ friciiDOjtp torjoarus 
 fes, ano aluiapes ke?pe open the Doje tbercof bnto bs. 
 
 (Siuen at our citie of Conftantinople the fifteenth Dap of Sparcfj, ano in the pecre of our moil 
 Ijolp prophet Mahomet || 9 8 7. 
 
 ^Trte 5tntise b£» 
 inrttiti.-ti: like 
 })«UtlC8C8 fos 
 jjio fubiccts m 
 f IK £inrc!ics 
 
 Dominions. 
 
 I! raitft U0 tlje 
 jeere 1579. 
 
 The aniwere of her Maieftie to the aforefaid Letters of the Great 
 Turke, fent the 25 of October 1 5 751, in the Prudence of London by Ma- 
 imer T^icbard Stanley. 
 
 LIZABETHA Deiterrhaximi,&vnici cceli terrseifj; Conditoris gratia, 
 Anglise,Franci«e & Hibernii regina,tidei Chriftiana: contra omnes omnium 
 inter Chrilrianos degentium,& Chrifti noraenfalfoprcfitentium Idolola- 
 triasinuic^h^ma&potenti(fiiTiaDefenfatrix,anguiti(iliriO,jnuicliflliiioque 
 principi Stiltaa Murad Can, Turcici regni dominatori potenriffimo, Impe- 
 rijq; oricntis Monarchy fupra omnes foli &fupremo,falute, & rnulcos cum 
 rerumoptimaruaffluentiafcelices, Scfortunacosannos, AuguftifTirne&inuiclilsiir.e Csfar, 
 accepimusinuiCtifsima: Csfarea: veftra: celfitudinisliteras, die decimoquinto Maitijcurren- 
 tisanniad nos fcriptas Conftantinopoli, ex quibus intelligimus quam benigne quamq; de- 
 menter, liters fuppliccs qui Csefarea: veftra: celfitudini a quodam fubdito noflro Guilieimo 
 Harcborno in Imperiali Celfitudmis veftra: ciuitate Conftantinopoli cemmorante ofterc- 
 bantur, liters profedlionis profc& focijs eiusduobushominrbus mercatoribus fubditisno- 
 firis cum mercibusfuis ad terras ditionelq; Imperio veftro fubiedas tarn permare quam per 
 terras, indeq; reuerfionis veni^potellatilqihumillimamcomplexspetitionem, ab inuiftilli- 
 ma veftra Csfarea celfitudine,accepti fuerunt, Neq-, id folum, fed quam mira cum facilitate, 
 dignaq; auguftilsma Carfatea dementia, quod erat in duftis Uteris fupplicibus pofitum , «i fo- 
 cijsq; fuis donatum & conceflum fuir,pro ea, vti videtur ,folum opinione , quam de nobis, & 
 noftraamicitiaveflracelfitudoconcepit. Qu^od fingulare beneficiumin diftos fubditos no- 
 flros collatum tarn grate tamq; beneuole accepimus ( maximas celfitudini vcftrx proptcrea& 
 agentes, & habentes gratias) nullo vt vnquam patiemur tempore, pro facultatum noftrarum 
 ratione,proq;eaquarnnobisinfeuittermaximus mundimonarcha Deus (per quem&cu- 
 ius aufpicijs regnamus) naturs bonitate , qua remotifsimas nos effe voluit , & abhorrentes ab 
 ingratitudinis omni vel minima fufpitione , docuitq; nullorum vnquam vt principum , vllis in 
 nos mentis nos fineremus vinci,aut fuperati, vt apud ingratam principem tantum beneficium 
 crepofuiffe.fe veftra Cclfitudo exiftimet. Proptereaq; animum noftrum inprsfentiarum ve- 
 ftrs celfitudini emetimur,bene fentiendo & prsdicando, quantopere nos obflriclas beneficij 
 huius in fubditos noftros collatiputemusmemoriafempiteina.: Iongevberiorem,& amplio- 
 rem gratitudinis erga veftram celfitudinem noftrs teltificationem datura, cum tempora inci- 
 dent vt pofsimus, & a nobis defiderabitur. Quoniam autem quz noirris pauds fubditis , eaq; 
 fuis ipforum precibus , fine vlla intercefsione noftra conceffa donatio eft, in squelibera pote- 
 ftatc fita eft ad omnes terras ditionefq; Imperio veflro fubieclas , cum mercibus fuis tarn per 
 mare quam per terras eundi&redeundi.atqdnuiftifsim^CsfareajvefTrscclfitudinisconfo?- 
 
 deratis, Gallis,Polonis, Vcnetis , atq; adeo regis Romanorum fubditis largita vnquam aut do- 
 
 nata 
 
TheQ^Letters. TrafKques andDifcouenes. 
 
 H9 
 
 natafuit, celfitudincm veltramrogamus ne tamfingulansbaieficentia:lausiiuamaiiguHis 
 terminisduoiumaut trium hominum condudatur,led ad vmucrfoslubdicos noHrosdifrula, 
 propagataque,celfnudinis vettrx bencficium co rcddat augultius, quo ciufdcm donatio latki; 
 patebu, & ad plures pertincbit. Cuius cam fiogularis in nos beneficij m'critum, eoerit celhtu- 
 dini veftrre minus poenitendum,qu6luntmerces ilia:, quibus regna noftraabundant,& aiio- 
 rum principu ditiones cgnit,tam humanis vfibus commodartamq; neccfiarig, nulla gens vt fit, 
 qua: cis carerequcat, proptercaq; longilTiuiis, difficillitriilq; itineubus conquilitis non vche- 
 menter gaudeat. Carius autem diftrahunt ahjs , quo ex laborc fuo quifq; vidum & quantum 
 quatritac,adeo vt in earum acquilitione vtilitas,in empcionc auccm ab alijs onus fit.Vtilitas cel- 
 fitudinis veftra: fubditis augebitur libera hac paucorum nottrorum hominum ad teiras veftras 
 profedione : onus minueiur, profe6tionis quorumciinquc fubditorum noftrorum donatione. 
 Accedetprxtereaquaja nobis in celfitudinis vtftra: fubditos proficifcetur,par,e;quaquemerci- 
 uin exercendarum libetcas, quotics &c quando voluerinc ad regna dominiaq; nottra mercatu- 
 ix gratia accederc. Quamcelfitudini veiirapollicemurtamamplam latcquepatentemfore, 
 quainell vllaaconfcederatorum veltrorum vllisprincipibusamcdidis,regibus videlicet Ro- 
 manorum, Gallorum , Polonorum.ac rrpublicaVeneta, celfitudinis vclxrifubdicisvllovn- 
 quam tempore conccfla&donata. Qua ituefihonefta:petitioninc(tra:inui£TilTirnaCa:farca 
 veftra celfitudo dignabitur aufculcare, faciccque vt acceptis noltris liceris incelJigamus gratum 
 ne habitura fit quod ab ea contendimus & rogamus, ea propofita prxftitaque fecuritate, qua; 
 fubditos noftros quofciinque ad dominia fua,terra,mati'que proficifccntes.indeq; reuertentes 
 tutos&fecurosreddatabomni quorumcunque fubditorum fuoruminiuriajCfficiemus^t qua: 
 Deus opt* max. in regna dominiaq; noftra conculit commoda (qua: tarn fingularia funt,omni- 
 um vt principum aminos peliiceant ad amicitiam,fummf q; neceffitudinis coniundtionem no- 
 bifcum contrahendam.ftabiliendamque qualiberius tantis fummi Dei benefices fruantur,qui- 
 bus carere nequeunt)no(tri fubditi ad regna dominiaque Celfitudinis veftra: aduehant cam a£- 
 fluentertamquc cumulate, vt vtrfque incommodo prasdidoneceflitatis&onerisplenin'ime 
 fuccurratur. Facit pricerea fingularisifta Celfitudinis veftr^in nos Gentemque noftjam fum- 
 ma:beneuolentia: fignificatio ac fides, vteandcm,in caufam quorundam fubditorum noftro- 
 rum,qui captiui triremibusveftrisdetinentur.interpellemus,rogemufque, vt quoniam nullo in 
 celfitudinem veflram peccato fuo, fiue armain earn ferendo,fiue iniquius praicei fas & ius gen- 
 tium fe gerendo in fuos fubditos, in hanccalamitateminciderint/olutivinculis, & Libertate 
 donati,nobis pro fua fide & obfequio inferuientes, caulam vberiorem pribeant veftra: Celfitu- 
 dinis in nos humanitatem pra:dicandi : & Deum ilium, qui folus, & fupra omnia & omnes eft 
 acerrimus idololatrix vindicator,fufque honoris contra Gentium & aliorum falfosDeos ZeIo» 
 tes,pr£cabimur, vt veftram inuiirifiimamCxlaream Celfitudinem omnibcatitate eorum do- 
 norum fortunet.qug fola & fumme iurc merito habenturdefideratifTima. 
 
 Data: e Regia nolrra Grenouici,prope ciuitattem noftram Londinum,quintodecimo Men- 
 fisOdobris,AnnoIefuChriiliSaluatorisnoitri ij79,Regni vcionoftrivicefimopiimo. 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 Eii^abctbupthegraceof tlje moC nup;I)tie<Soo , ano onelp Creatoucofbeauenanijearth,of 
 €ngIano,ifranccan3 jreIaHrj£laeene,tljemotltniimctb!eanDmottmtajl)tpDefeni)eroftlje 
 Cl)?tttianfatt() againft all fetnee oftDoIatcies,ofaU tljat liue amongthe €b?idians,ano faflp p?o« 
 fefle tfje j3ame of Cbjid, bnto the mod Imperiall aim moll inducible pjince, Zuldan Murad 
 Can , the mod mtgbtie ruler of the fcingoomc of Turkie, fole ano abouc all.ann mod foucreigne 
 S^onarch of the <£ad Empire, greeting, ano manp Ijappp ami fojtunate peeres,iOHth abun&ancc 
 ofthebefltljings. 
 
 £©od 3Jmperiall ano mod inutncible €mperour,toee Ijatte rcceiueD the letters of pour mtghtt'e 
 higbnefie in jttten to bs from Coftantinople the fifteenth cap of Search this pjefent perejtoherc* 
 bp Hie bntierdanrjhoto grattottiIp,anti (joto fauo^ablp the bumble petitions of one William Hare- 
 bome a fubiect of ours, refioent in tljeamperialcttieofpourbigbnespjefentcDtinto pour S^a- 
 teflie fo? the obtciningof accefTefo j [jim ano ttoo otfjcr Sparcbants mo?e of bis companp our fub' 
 iects alfo,to come loitbmarcljanDijes both bp fea ano lana, to tlje countreis ano territories fub e 
 iecttopour gouemment, ano from thence againe to returnc borne ttiitbajooDleaue ano libertie, 
 toereacccptcrjofpourmodinutnciWe'jntpcriallbtgbneu"e ) anonottbatonelp,buttoitbancrtra' 
 ortinarte fpecti ana luojtbp pour Jmpcrtall grace, tljat tobtclj Iras craueo bp petition luas gran' 
 ten to bim,anD bis companp in regaroonelp "(asitfeemetl;) oftbatopiniontobiebpourbigbneffe 
 conceittct! of bsano our ainitier toljicb lingular benefit Done to our afoufai'o fubiects,tocetake fo 
 t^anUefullp,anD info goon partCpeelouig fo? t!;e fame our greated tljanks to pour jjigbnefie) that 
 
 toe 
 
[^o "J he Englifh Voyages^Nauigations-j The QJetters. 
 
 toe toill neuer giue occallon to pour fain Ijigljneffe (acco jutng as time, anD tlje refpecc of otic af« 
 farces toill permit) once totljinftefo great a pieafure belroteeD upon an ungrateful! lpjince, 
 #o? the Sllmtgljtp «5oD, bp toljom, auo bp tohofe grace toe reigne, Ijatlj planteo in bs tljtg gooo* 
 nrffe of nature, that toee oetcft anDabljo?retljeIeaftfiifpitionof irtgratituDe, nsiD Ijatb cattgljt 
 usnottofufferour felucs to bee cucrmatcljeD toitij the gooo Dements of other Ounces, 3no 
 cijercfo?e at this time toee Doe ertcnoc otic gooo mmoe unto pour ljig!meu"c,bp tocil concerning, 
 anD publiiljing alfo ali?oaD,ljoto much toeccpucc out felfc bounD in an euerlslting rcmcirtbjance 
 f o? this gooDplcaftire to ouc §mbiccts,meanmg to peeloe a inucb mo?e large anD plentiful! tcRt= 
 ftcation of our thanRcfuIueffc, toben time conucnicnt ftjall fall out, ana the fame (ball bec Iookcd 
 fo? at ouc Ijannes. 
 
 But toljcreas tlj.it gcaunt toljich toas giucn to a fetoe of cue gmbiccts, ano at their onelp re« 
 queft toitljout an? interceuion of ours , ttanoctl) in as free a Itbertie of corumiiig anD going to ano 
 from all tlje lanos ano kmgBoms fttbiect to pour <39atc8ic,bm Ij bp Innti $ lea toith marrbanoi^es, 
 as cuec toas grantcDtoan? ofpour3mperiallhighncffcconfeBcrates, as namelp to tlje French, 
 the Polomans,tljeVenctians,as alfo to tlje fubiects of tljektng of tlje Romanes, toee Defireof 
 pour Ijigljneffe that the commcnoation of fttclj Gngularcourtcltemaptiot bee fo narrotolprcQrafr 
 neDtntteoc^tljjeemencnelpjbutmapbetnlacgeDtaallotirfubuctsiugenecaU, that tbercbp 
 pour htglitteffe gooDneffe map appeare t&e mo?e notable,bp reafon of the graunting of tlje fame to 
 a greater number of perfons. &A)t beftouring of iubtct) fo lingular a benefit pouc Ijigbneffe mall 
 fo much, the lefTc repent pott of, bp hotoe much the mo?e fit ano necclTacp fo? tte ufe of man rljofe 
 commoDitits are.toljecetoitl) our feingDomesooe abouno, ano tljefenigDcmes of other ponces doc 
 mant.fo v there is no nation that can be toitljout tbem,but are glao to come bp them,a!though bp 
 uerp long anD Difficult trauels: anD toljentbepbaue trjem, njep fell them nutcfj ecf rec to others, 
 becaiifecuecpnian feefeeth to mane pjofitebpljis labour : Co tljat in the getting of them there is 
 pjofit.butintljebupingoftbemfcomothergtbereislou'e, But this p?ofite toill be incrcafeo 
 to the fubiects of pour ijigbneffe bp this free acceffe of a fete of ouc fubiects to pour Dominions,as 
 alfo the i offc ano bucDen toilbe eafeo, bp the pcrmiQion of generall acceffe to all our people, SUnti 
 furthermore toe toill graunt as equall ano as free a Itbertie to the fubiects of pour Ijigbneffe toit& 
 Us fo? tijcUfeof traifique,toljcnt!>ep toil,nnD as often asthep tot!,to come.aiiD goto anD from us 
 anD our kmgDomcs. ffiHrjicl) Itbertie toee pjorw'fe to pour Ijigbneffe thalbe as ample.anD as large 
 as anp toas euee ginen o? granteDto pouc fubiects bp the afojefaioepjinces pouc confeDerats, as 
 namelptbe king of tljc Romanes, of France, of Poland, ano the common toealth of Venice. 3Irt 
 loljici) mattcr,if pour mot! inuinctble 3!mpertall bigbnclTe (ball bottcljfafe to incline to our reafo* 
 nable reqttell.ano fljall giue o?dcc Upon theft our letters, that luee map haue fenotoleDgc Ijoto tlje 
 fame is accepteo of pou,anD toijetbec it toilbe grantcD,toith fufficient fecucitie fo? oucfttbt'ects to 
 PjanDretumefafeatiDfecure from all uiolcnccs anD imurtesof pour prople,ia)e on theotherftDe 
 luil giue o?Der, tljat tbofe commoDttics toljtcb aimigbtp (Sod bath beffotoeDupon our ImigDomes 
 (toljicb arc in DeeD fo erccllcnt,tbat bp reafon of them allpu'nces ace Djatoen to enter,ano confirme 
 leagues of amitie anD gooD n e tghbojlj oo c to i tlj bs,bp tljat meancs to eniop tljefe fo great blr ffings 
 of o3oD,tobtch toe ljaue,anD tljcp can in no cafe toant)ottr fubiects lhall b?mg tljem fo abunoantlp 
 anD plentiful!? to tlje kutgDomes anD Dominions of pour bigbnefle, tljat hot!) the former incoime* 
 nienccs of neccBttie,anB lolTe,(rjall moll fuffictentlp be taken atoap, 
 
 ££cjcottcrthe fignificatton anD aflttrance of pour higdneffe great affection to bs anD our natv 
 . on, Doetb cattfe bs alfo to intreat aim Ufe mcoiatton on t be beljalfc of certain'e of our fnbiccts,torjo 
 are Dcteineo as flaucs ano captiues in pour (Sallies, fo?tobomtuccraue, tljat fo?afmuch as the? 
 are fallen into that mifcrp, not bp anp offence of tljeirs, b? bearing of armesagainll pour high,* 
 neffc.ojin bebauingof tbemfelucs contrarp to Ijoneflie.anD to the lato of nations,tbep map beDe* 
 ItuereDfromtljeirbonDagcanDreffojeDtoIiberticfo^their feruice totoarcesue, accojoingto 
 tljetrDuctie: toljicbtbtngfljallpeelDmuch mo?e abunDantcaufctobsofcommenDingpourde-- 
 mencic,anD of befeetljmg tbat (Sod (toljo onelp is aboue all things, anD all men, ano is a moll fe* 
 tiere rruenger of all ioolatrtc, anD is ielous of his honour agatntl the falfe goDs of tbe nations) to 
 aoojne pour mofi inuincib!e3Imperiall Ijigljneffe toitlj all tlje blemngs cf tljofe gifts,tol;id;cKelg 
 anDDcferueDlparcaccountcDmolltoo?tbpofaffetiig. 
 
 (Siuen at our palaceof ©reentoitlj, neere to our Citie of lonDon, the fine anD ttoenttetfj 
 Dap of ©ctobcr.mtfjepeere of3Jcfus Clj?ift our&auiour onct(joufanD,6uebunD?etl),feuentie 
 anonine, anD of our reigne tlje one anD ttocntierlj, 
 
 The 
 
Turkiepriuileges. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 14.1 
 
 The charter of the priuileges granted to the Englifh, & the league 
 
 of the great Turke with the Queenes Maieftic in re(pe6t of traffique, da- 
 ted in lune iy 80, 
 
 Mmenfa & maxima ex poteftatc potentiflimi, terribilibiifque verbis &nun- 
 1 quam finienda innumerabiliue dementia & iiierTabili aux.lio fandiifimi & pu- 
 • ra mente colenditfimi cremendilTinuq; vniuerfiratum creatoris , princeps tem- 
 porumprefentium^vnicus moderns etatis monarcha,totius orbisterraruin po- 
 .tentibusfceptradiuiderepotens, dementis, gratisq; diuins vmbra,regno- 
 rum prouinciarumue,& vrbium ciuitatumue diflributor permultanim : Nos facratiflimusCs- 
 far Muzulmanicus,Mecchs,id eft domus diuins, Medins,gloriofilTinis &bcatiffimslerufa- 
 lem,Aegypti fertilifiims, Iemen &Zouan,Eden&Canan, Samipacifers&Hebes,labza& 
 Pazra,Zeru?ub & Halepia»,Caramaris & Diabekiruan & DulkadiriSjBabylouis^ totius tri- 
 plicis Arabia?, Euzorum & Georgianorum,Cypri diuitis,& regnorum Afis?,Ozakior, Campo- 
 rum Maris albi&nigri,Grscis&Mefbpotamix, Africa; & Golets, Aigeris &Tripolis occi- 
 dentals, feleftifllmgq; Europs,Buds, & Temefwar,& rcgnorum cranfalpinoium, & His fimi- 
 lium permultorum princeps Csfarue faccrrimus, potenciflimus Murad Can, filius priricipis 
 Zelim Can, qui fait ZoleimanCan,quifuicZclim Can, qui fuitPaiczid Can, qui fuit Mehe- 
 med Can,&c. 
 
 Nos princeps potentiflimus Murad Can hocinfignumnoftrsCsfaresamidtis fignifica- 
 musmanifeftamus,qu6dintemporibus modernis R?gina Anglia?, Francis & Hibernis Eli- 
 zabethain Chriftianitatehonorati(TimaRegina(cuiusmercatoiurn exitus fit fceiicilTimus)ad 
 noftramcxcelfam,&iuftitia;plenam,fulgidiirimamueporcim,qua; omnibus principibusmun- 
 di eft refugium &requies,per egregium Gulielmum Harebornuin literas mifit fuas,quibus fua 
 maieftas fignificauit.quod tempore prstcrito quidam (libditi fiii veniiTentad noftram portam 
 cxcelfam,& fuam obedientiam erga e3m demonftrauiiTent, & ob cam caufam illis quoque ad 
 noftras ditiones mercandi gratia venire &redirepofccrenr, vcnia&poteftasfuifTerdata:& 
 quod in locis & hoipicijs eorum per mare& terram nemo auderet impedire& illis damnum 
 facere,mandatuTn Cefareum fuiflct datum:& quod hanc noftram gratianrquam paucis homi- 
 nibus fus maieftatis dcmonftraui(femus,vniuerfis fuis fibditis concederemus,petebar, Quare, 
 quemadmodum cum fcrenifsimis beneuolentiam & obedientiam, feruitiaue fua demonftran- 
 tibus erga noftram portam excelfamregibus&prindpibusconfcederatis(vt funtrexGallo- For'dusTureid 
 rum,Veneti,& rexPolonorum,& csteri) pacem & fcedus fandifsimum pepigimus : fie etiam R^^jSn™ 
 cumprxfata Rcgina amicitiam cuftodiendam , pacem & fcedus coniunximus.Illius igiturho- 
 mines,& vniuerfi mercatores,fine aliquoimpedimento cum fuis mercibus & oneribus cundis 
 ad noftras ditiones Csfareas pacifies: & fecure venianc, & fuam exerceant mercaturam,mane- 
 ant in fuis ftatibus, & fecundum fiios mores negocientur. Et adhsc, fua maieftas fignificabat 
 ex hominibus fuis aliquosiamdudum captos fuifle, & in captiuitace detineri,& quoa hi dimit- 
 terenturpetebat,&quod ficutaiijs principibus nobifcumconfcederatispriuilegia&mandata 
 Ca:farea fuper fcedus fandifsimum dediflemus ,fic prsfats quoque Regins priuilegium SC 
 mandata Csfarea vt daremus, noftrs Csfares celfitudini placeret. Quare fecundtlm noftram 
 beneuolentiam & gratiam innatam,optata fug maieftatis apud nos grata fuere:Et hoc noftrum 
 priuilegium iuftitijs plenum dedimus maieftati fus:Et Beglerbegis,Zanziacbegis famuhsno- 
 ftris,& Kazijs,ideft,iudicibus,& omnibus teloniatoribus omnium locorum,portuum,& vado- 
 rum firmiter mandamus.vt donee ex parte prefata? regins fcedus, & pax,& eorum conditiones 
 articuli'que (vt conuenit) cuttodiuntur & feruantur,noftra: quoque Gsfarea: celfitudinis man- 
 data funt: 
 
 1 VtprsfatsRegine^omines,&fubditieiusquibufuis rebus & mercibus,oneribus &fup- Antral! w« 
 pelledilibus per mare in magnis & paruis nauibus.per terram autem homines cum oneribus & pnu c& ''' 
 pecoribus, fecure & pacific e ad noftras ditiones Csfareas veniant,& nemo illis noceat, fed fe- 
 cure & fine aliquo impedimemo negocientur, & in fuis ftatibus & conditionibus permaneant. 
 
 2 Item.fi prsfati homines & mercatores in fuis redis vijs& negociationibus aliquo modo 
 capcrentur.fine aliquatcrgiudfatione dimittantur,liberenturque. 
 
 3 Item,fi naues eorum adaliquos porttis & loca venire voluerinr, pacificeomniintem- 
 pore,& fine impedimento veniant,& difcedant in fua loca. 
 
 4 Item,fi in tempeftatibus maris naues eorum effent in periculo&auxilio opus efTet illis, 
 naues noftrs Csfares celfitudinis, eariimque homines, &a!iorum naues hominefqueftatim 
 auxilium & opem ferant illis,mandamus, 
 
 $ Item 
 
14.2 The Englifh VoyageSjNauigationSjT^r^Vpnw/'/^ej. 
 
 5 Item, fieduhafuispecunijsemerevoluerint, nemo refiftat illis, led fine impedimcnto 
 cdulia emant. 
 
 6 Item , fi infortunium maris naues eorum in terram proiecerit, Begi & iudiccs, & cgteri 
 noltrifubditi fint auxilio illis, merces & res eorum que remanfeiint iterum reddantur illis, & 
 nemo impediat illos. 
 
 7 Item;fi prgfacx reginx homines, eorum imerpretes, & mercatorcs.fiue per terram,fiuc 
 per mare mercandi gratia ad noftras ditiones venire velmt.legitimo telonio, & vectigali reddi- 
 to,pacin"cevagei]tur,capitanei&reges maris & nauiurn,& aliud genus hominumpermare 
 vagantium in perfonis,& rebus eoruii^pecoribufque.ne noceant illis. 
 
 8 Irem,fi aliquis ex Anglis debitor, aut e/e alieno eflet obftriclus, inuenirfque non poffic, 
 rationc debicorum alterius nullus nifi eficc fideiuflbr c apiatur aut impediatur. 
 
 9 Item,fi Anglus teflamentum fecerit,& fuabona cuicunquc legauerit,illi dentur bona il- 
 lius,& fi fine teftamento moreretur,conful eorum cuicunquc fociorum mortuihominis dixeric 
 debere dari,illi dentur bona mortui hominis, 
 
 1 o Itcm.fi Angli, & ad Angliam pertinentium locorum mercatores & interpretcs, in ven- 
 dendis & emendis mercibus fidciuffionibus & rebus aliquid negocij habuerint,ad iudicem ve- 
 niant,& in librum inferibi faciant negotium, & fi voluerint,literas quoque accepiam a iudice, 
 propterea quod fi aliquid incident, videant librum & literas, & fecundum tenorem eorum per- 
 fidantur negociaeorumfufpe&atfiautcmneque in librum infcriberentur,nequeliterashabe- 
 renc,iudex falfa tcftimonia non admittat,fcd fecundum iumtiam legem adminiftrans nonfinat 
 silos impediri. 
 
 X 1 Item, fi aliquis diceret,quod ifti Chriftiani noftrx fidei Muzulmanicx maledixerint,8c 
 cam vituperijs affccerint,in hoc negotio etiam & alijs, teftes falfi minime admittantur. 
 
 1 2 Itcm,fi aliquis eorum aliquod facinus pstrarec,& fugiens non poffit inucniri,nullus nifi 
 eflet fideiuflbr pro alterius facto retineatur. 
 
 1 3 Item, fi aliquod mancipium Anglicum inueniretur, & confuleoru peteret illud.cjcami- 
 netur diligenccr mancipium, & fi inucntum fuerit Anglicum,accipiatur,& reddatur Anglis. 
 
 1 4 Item, fi aliquis ex Anglis hue vencrit habitandi aut mercandi gratia, fiue fit vxoratus,fi» 
 ue fit fine vxor e,non foluat cenfum. 
 
 15 Item ,fi in Alexandria,inDamafco,inSamia,inTunis,in Tripoli occidentali,in Aegypti 
 portubus & in alijs omnibus Iocis,vbicunq; voluerint facere ConfuIes,faciant : £t iterum n vo- 
 lucrint eos mutare,& in loco prioru confulum alios iocare, liberd facianr,& nemo illis refiftat. 
 
 1 6 Item, fi illorum interpres in arduis negotijs occupatus abeflet , donee yeniret interpret, 
 cxpc<5tetur,& interim nemo illos impediat, 
 
 1 7 Item,fi Angli inter fe aliquam litem haberent & vellent ad fuos eonfules ire,nemo rcfi- 
 ftat illis,fed libere veniant ad Confules fuos,vc fecundilm mores eorum finiaturlis orta. 
 
 1 8 Item, fi poft tempus aut datum huius priuilegij,pirarx,aut alij aliqui liberi gubernatores 
 nauium per mare vagantcs , aliquem ex Anglis ceperint , & trans mare vel cis mare venderint, 
 fecundilm iu ftitiam examinetur: & fi Anglus inucntus fueri t,& religionem Muzulmanicam af- 
 fumpfcrit,Iibere dimittatur : fiautem adhucefletChriflianuJ, Anglis reddatur,& emptoresfu- 
 ampecuniam ab kilo petant.a quoemerant. 
 
 19 Item,finoftrxCxfarex Celfitudinis naues armatxexiuerint ad mare, & ibiinuenerint 
 naues Anglicas merces portantes,nemoimpediat illas, imo amice tra&entur, & nullum dam* 
 rum faciant illis: Quemadmodum Gallis,Venetis,& cxteris nobifcum confederals regibus, 
 &principibuspriuilegium,& articulospriuilegijsdedimus, & conceflimus, fimili modohis 
 quoque Anglis priuilegium& articulos priuilegijs dedimus & conceflimus,& contra legem 
 diuinam ,& hoc priuilegium,nemo vnquam aliquid audeat facere. 
 
 20 Item, fi naues magna;, & parux in itinerc & loco vbi ftant detinebuntur, nemo illos au- 
 deat impedirc,fed pot ids auxilio fint illis. 
 
 2 1 I tern ,fi latrones & fures vi raperent naues ilIorum,nauiumque merces, magna diligen- 
 tia quxrantur latrones & fures,& feueriffime puniantur. 
 
 22 Ad extremum,Begleibegij,&Zanziacbcgi,Capkanei noftri,Mancipia,& per mare na- 
 uigantesferuiCapitaneorum,&Iudices,&Teloniatorcs,&GubernatoresnauiumReizdifti, 
 & liberi Reiz,omnes ifti prxfati, fecundilm tenorem huius priuilegij, tenoremue articulorum 
 cius.omnia facere teneantur, & debeant. Et donee hoc in priuilegio defcriptum foedus,& pax 
 illiusMaieftatis ex parte fancle feruabitur,& cuftodietur,ex parte etiam nofixa Cxfarea cufto- 
 diri,& obferuari mandamus. 
 
 Datum conftantinopoli, anno noflri prophets San&ifTirni,o88 3 in principio menfislunij, 
 annoautemlefui$8o. r * 
 
 The 
 
c Turfye privileges. Traifiques and Diicoueries. 
 
 The interpretation of the letters, or privilege of the mofl mightie 
 and Mttfumanlike Empcrour Zuldan Murad Can , granted at the rcqucft of 
 Elizabeth by the grace of the moftmightreGod,and only Creator of heauen and earth, 
 of England, France and Ireland Queene, confirming a peace and league betwixt both 
 the faid Princes and their fubie£is. 
 
 Cmott facrcu Mufulmanlike (£mperour,bpthe infinite ano ercceoing great 
 pot»er,bp the euerlatting ano toonoei full clcmencic, $ lip the unfpeahablc (jelpe 
 of the mod migb tp $ moll Ijolp ©od, creato j of all tijtng0,to be too jfluppcD ano 
 fcareBbJitljaHpureitelTeofmmcie,anareucrenceoffpeec(),E.ljepjiiiccoftbefe 
 pjefenttijneB,tbeonelpa9onarcljoftI;i.0age,ableton;iuefcrpterstotI;epottn^ 
 tatcsoftljcb)bolebcio?lD,tbeftaDotooftrjetiiuinemercp ano grace, tl)Cbittnbu= 
 terof manp kingDoms.pjouinccs.totoncs anD citics,'P;tnce,anD moft facreo Cmpetour of Mec- 
 ca, that is to fap, of <SoOS fjOUfe, of Medina, of the mott globus ano uieireDicruialem, oftlje 
 mod fertile Egypt, Icmen aim Iouan.Eden ano Canaan, of Samos tljC peaceable, anD of Hebes, 
 Of Iabza, atlD Pazra, of Zeruzub atlD Halepia, of Caramaria atlO Diabekiruan, of Dulkadiria,of 
 Babylon,ant) of aUtbetbjee Arabias,oftljC Euzians anD Georgians, of Cyprus the rich, ailDof 
 tfjebingoomesofAfiajOfOzakior.oftbctractBOftljetobiteanoblacfeegie.ijOfGreciaanDMe. 
 fopotamia, of Africa anoGoIeta,of Alger, atlD ofTripolis illlbeiHHcft, oftbemoftcboifeattO 
 p^intipallEuropejOfBadaanD remefwar,anDoftbcktngDomesbcponDtheAlpes,anDm(iiipo< 
 tljcrs fitch like.moll migljtte Murad Can, the fonnr of tlje ^mperour Zelim Ca n, toluclj mas the 
 fonneofZoleimanCan,ii)tJ!Cbtoastbcfonne of Zelim Can,tolj:ch toac tbcfonnc of PaiizidCan, 
 toljicbtoas tbe fonne of Mehemed Can^c. 
 
 . 22Je mofi migbtie pjince Murad Can,in token of our 3!mpcriaU frienDGfjip,Doe Ggnifie anc tc- 
 dare, tljat nobs of late Elizabeth Q.uer ne of England, France ann Ireland, tljemofi honourable 
 SQuecneofChjittenDom(cotoljofemarcbant8toc toibj happp fuccelTejTentber letters bp bcrtoo?« 
 tbp feruant William Hareborne bnto our flatelp anD moll magnificent jpojclj repleniujeD toirb 
 tullice, toljicb is a refuge anD §>anctuarp to all tlje pjinces of tlje too?lo,bp jjaljitl) letters her SJE)a= 
 itttie fignifteo.tbat toljereas heretofore cettaine of bctfubiects baDrepaireDtooutfatDettatel? 
 ^ojclje, ano bao ujetoco tljcir obeoience to tbe fame, ano to} t&at caufe bao Dcfireo tfjat leaue ana 
 Iibertie might alfo be gran t cd unto tbcm, to come ano go e to j trafixqucs fake too ano from our co - 
 minions, anD that our imperial commanoement migbt be giueit, tljat no man fijoulD pjte fume to 
 hurt 0} biuDcr tbcm, in anp of ttjct'r aboDes 0? paffages bp fea 0? lano, auD toljereas (bee rcouett eo 
 tljat toe toottlD graunt to all her fubiccts in general!, tUs our f atiour,tohtcb before toec baa I rrten* 
 Dee onelptoafenie of bcr people itljercfo^e as nice baueentreD into amitic,anD moffholp league 
 toitlj tbe moil crrellent kings anD pjinces our confeDerats,(betoing tbeit Dcuotion,ana obeeie ace 
 0} feruices totoaros our ttatelp lpojcb(ag namclptbe French king.tlje Venctians.tbe king of Po- 
 lonia aaD otljers)fo alfo toe Ijaue contracteDaninuiolableamitie.peace ano league toitlj tbeafo?e> 
 faioSQueene. 'Cberefo^cnjeegiuelicencetoallbetpeople.anDmarcbants.pcaccablpanDfafelp 
 to come bnto our Jmperiall Dominions, toitlj all their marchaiiDifr ano gooosuntboucanp im* 
 peachment,to erercife tbeir traffique,to bfe t&cirotone cttttomes,anD to bup anD fell acco^Ding to 
 tlje faujiqns of tbeirotonecountrcp, . 
 
 3nD furtbcrljer S^aiefiie figmficD bnto bs, tbat certaineof ber people Ijsd brrctofo?: bene ta- 
 ken pjifoners, anotoere oetaineD in captiuitie, ano requires that tbcp might bee fct at Iibertie, 
 1 anD tljat as ttebaogtaunteD bnto otber^inces our confcDecats,p?iuiIeDges, ano 3mpcriaIlDe' 
 jrecs.conccrmngout mpft inuiolable league toitlj ttjcm,fo u Vucttlo plcafc am Jnipeuial Q3nt. Ch> 
 to gratmt anD confirme the like pjuiileDges,anD pnncelp Decrees to tbe afo jefaiD Sluccnc. 
 
 MJljerefo^e accorting to our bumanitie «no gracious ingraffeo Difpofitiou.tljc requcfis of ber 
 Sgatcfitc uiercacreptcDotus, anD tucrjaucgrantcDBinoljcrSpaicllie this pjitiilcge of ours a' 
 greeable to reafonf equitie, 3nD toe flraigbtlp commwD all our Beglerbegs, ano Zauziacbegs 
 our feruant«i,anD our Reyz/bat is to fap,our 3uDges,anD all our cullomccs in all placca,bauens 
 ano pafiages, tljat as long as this league anD amitie toitlj.tbe conDitions, anD articles tljereof,are 
 keptanDobferusDontbebebalfeoftbeafo^efaiDaiueene, 1 £Dut3mperiallconimanDemenc 
 anD pleafure is, tljat the people ano fubiects of tbe fame Queene,map fafelp anD fecutcip come to 
 our p^incelp Dominions, toitlj tijett gooos ano maccbanoife, anD laoings , anD other commoDitics 
 bp fea,iu great ano fmal ueffels.ano bp lanD toitlj tbeir carriages anD cattels.ano tljat no inan (ball 
 btirttbem.buttljep map bup ano fell toitbout anp hinoerance, ano obfetue tlje cuflomes anDoj= 
 ber? of tfjeit otonecountrep, 
 
 2 atem, 
 
 >+? 
 
: 
 
 m 
 
 14.4. The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, Turfyeprwikges. 
 
 2 J tem,if t Ije afo?efaio people ano merchants (balbe at anp tune in tbe coutfe of cfteir iourneis 
 ano Dealings bp anp meanes taken, ttjep Qjall be Deliuereo ano inlargeo, toithout anp ejrcufe 0; 
 eautllation. 
 
 3 3nrcni,if tljcir njtpspurpofc to ariite in anp of our pojts anu lj juens, te tbalbe latnfuH fo? them 
 fo to do in peace,ano from thence againe to ocpa rt,to it-bout anp let 0; tmpeoiment, 
 
 4 atem, if it (ball happen that anp of their flnps in t empeffuous tteatber (ball bee in Danger of 
 lofTe ano pcriCbing.anD thereupon (ball ftanD in neeD of our Ij clpcfcue null,anD commaunD that out 
 men ano ujips be reaop to belpe ano fuccour them, 
 
 5 3!tem,iftbcp (balbetoilling tobttpanp bictualsfo; their monep, noperfonlbaUtoithflantt 
 them,but thep (hall bup the fame rottbout anp Diffurbance to the contrarp. 
 
 6 ateittjif bp anp cafuaitie their fbippes ujallbee Dnurn on Qjoare in perill of fljipBnacke, 
 our Begs ano 3Iuoges, ano other our <§>ttbiects (ball fuccour them, attDfuchtoares, anDgooDs 
 of theirs ae (ball bee recoucreo from the loffc, (ball bee rcKojcc to them , anD no man (ball 
 bnongtbem. 
 
 7 3itcm,ifthrpcopIeoftbeafo?efapD£ltteene,their interpreters anbmarchants(,ujallfo?tra« 
 ftque fake, either bp lance j <§>c a rep air e to out Dominions paping our latefull toll ano cuftome, 
 thep (ball baue quiet paffage, ano none of our € aptaines 0; goucrnours of the feea, anD fljippes, 
 no; anp ttinoe f per fons,(ball either in their boDies, 0; in their goons ano cartels, anp tuap ma* 
 led tljcm. 
 
 8 3[tem,if anp Cnglilbman (ball gcoto in Debt.anb fo ouie monep toanp other man,ano rtjere* 
 upon do t b abfent b-.mfelfc that he can not be foutiD, let no man be arrctteD 0; app? cbenoe d fo; anp 
 other mans Debt, ercept ^eht the furctp. 
 
 9 3 tern, if anp Cnglifyman Hi all make his toill anD te (lament, ro inborn fo titer bp the fame bee 
 (ball giuebis gooos ,the partiefball baue them accorDinglp.atiDifbeeDteintettatchee to nibom 
 tbc£onfullo;goucrnourof the focietie (ball faptbegooDsoftbeDeaDare tobeegiuen,beebjalI 
 baue the fame. 
 
 10 atern, if the Cnglifljmeno? the marefcants ano interpreters of anp places bnDer the iurif* 
 Diction of England (ball happen in tbe btrping ano felling of toes, bppjomifes 0; othertoifeto 
 come in controuer(te,let them go to the 3IuDge,am> caufe the matter to be entreo into a booke,ant> 
 if thep toil,Iet them alfo take letters of tbe 3uDge tem'fping the fame,t!)at men map fee the boobe 
 ano letters, tobatfoeucr thing (hall happen, anD that aecojDing to the tenour thereof tbe matter in 
 cont rottcrde anD in Doubt map be enoeD : but if fucb things be neither entree in booke,no; pet the 
 perfons baue taken letters of tbe IttDge, pet he (ball aomit no falfe luttncfle, but (ball erecute the 
 jLaui accojDing to uwtee.anD ftjall not fuffer them to be abufeD, 
 
 1 1 3tem,if anp man (ball fap,tbat thefe b ting <£b?ittians hattc fpoken anp trjing to the oeroga* 
 tion of our bolp faith ano re(igion,am> banc HanDereo the fame, in this matter as in all otbers, let 
 no falfe luitncflcs in anp cafe be aDmf tteb. 
 
 12 3ltem,ifanpone of them (ball commit anp great crime, anD flpingthereuponrannotbee 
 founb,let no man be arreUeD,o? DetaincD fo \ another ntans fact,crcept he be his furetie. 
 
 1 3 3ltem,if anp flaue (ball be founo to be an «5ngliujman,anD their Confull 0; gouetnour ujaS 
 fue fo; his Iibertie, let the fame flaue be Diligentip eramineb,anD if bee be fo mm inoeeo to be €ng« 
 lilbjlct dim be Difcbargeo ano reflojeD to the Cnglilbmen. 
 
 14 3Item,ifanp Cngliibman ftjr.ll come Ijitlter either to DUielD;trafiqttc,b)l'etbcrl)ce be mar* 
 ricD o;ttnmarrieD,he(baIlpap no pollc 0; heaD monep. 
 
 15 aiemjifeitherin Alcxandria,Damafco,Samos, Tunis, Tripolism^n)eB,thepo;ttonme* 
 ofiEgypt,o;m anp other places, tjjeppurpote to choofe to tbemfelues Confute o;goueruours, * 
 let them ooefo, ano if thep mill alter them at anptime, ano in tbe roomeoftbefojntet Confab* 
 place others,Iet them do fo alfo, ano no man (ball reflraine them. 
 
 1 6 % tem,if their interpreter (balbe at anp time abfent,being occupies in other ferious matters, 
 let tbe thing then in queflion bee ttapeD ano Differ rcD till his comming, ano in tbe meane time no 
 man (ball trouble them. 
 
 1 7 3tem,if anp variance 0; controuerKe (ball arife among the <£ngli(bmen,anb thereupon thep. 
 (ball appeale to their Confuls 0; goueraours,Iet no man molcfi them.but let tbem freelp Doe fo, 
 that the controue rite be gunne map be SniujeD acco?Ding to their otone cuftomes, 
 
 18 3ltem,ifaftertbetimeanDoateof this prmtlege, anp piratso; other freegoaemottrstof 
 (bips tracing the S>ea (ball take anp €ngliu;man, ano fijall make fale of bim, either beponne the 
 S>ra, 0; on this (toe of the €bea, tbe matter (balbe eramineD acco jcing to iuQice, ano if t he partte 
 (balbe founo to be Cnglilb, anD (ball recetue the bolp religion, then let bim freelp be DifcbargeD, 
 but if be toil flill rematne a Cb;tftian, let bim then be reftojeD to tbe ©nrjlilbmen, anD tbe bupers 
 
 ftjall 
 
 
The .letters. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 l ¥ 
 
 (ball Demauim tljcir monep agameof them tobo foloc tbe man. 
 
 1 9 3!tem,tf the (bipsof toarre of otic JmperiaiUjtgljnerTe fljalat anp time goe fonb to 'Sea.aim 
 
 flj.ill fmoe anp Englifli (hips laacn toithmarcbanoife, no man (ball bmDer tljt m, but rather (hall 
 
 Dfe them frienolp,anD Doe them no to jong, etien as toce fjaue gittcn ana grantcD articlcs^ano pjt= 
 
 u leges to the French,Venetians,anD other IKings ano ponces otic confeacrats, To alfo tocc Ijauc 
 
 gjtten tbe like to tbe Englifli i ana contrarp to rtjis out otuine latoc aim p?iutlege,lct no man pje- 
 
 fume to we anp thing. 
 
 •30 3Itcm,tf either their great oj fmal! ffjips (Trail in tbe courfe of their bopagc,o? in anp place 
 
 to tobicb cijep come, bceflapeDojatrefleu,letuo man continue tbe fame arrell, but ratljcrbclpc 
 
 ane affift them, 
 
 2 1 Stem, if anp cbeettcs ano robbers (ball bp fo?cc take atoap anp of t&eir fbips,anD martljan= 
 
 Difclet tbe fame thecues ana robber? be fought, ano fcarcljco foj toitlj all Diligci!CL-,ano let tljem 
 
 be ptmtfbeo mod feuerelp. 
 
 2i tad of all tbe Beglerbegs, ano Zanziacbegs, onr Captaines, our fiattes aim remains or* 
 
 CaptaincsDltngtbcfea.antioutjIttDajes.ctillomersanijgotternoursaflbipscalletiReiz.anDfcce 
 
 Re!z,aUtbcfe,nccojDing to the tenoj oftljis pjiuilege ano articles,(balbe bottitD to Doe accoming-- 
 
 Ii»:ano,as long as tbe ©ueenepfEnglandon bee part (ball Dtielplu'epe ano obferue this league 
 
 ano bolp pcacc,'erp?circb in tljis pu'utlegctoe alfbfo? our 3|inperialpart,Do cljargc aim commauno 
 
 tlje fame fo long to be tf ratghtlp kept ano obferueo* 
 
 CSitteitatConftaiicinoplcintbepSS.pcereofourmoltbolppjopbct^ititbe beginning of tbe 
 lnonetljofjuue, 3nointljcpeereof Iesvs 1580, 
 
 »■ ■ ■ 
 
 Her Maiefties letter to thcTurke or Grand Signior 158 i.pro- 
 mifing redrefle of the diforders of Peter Baker oi Rat cliff e , committed 
 in the Leuant. ••>, [ 
 
 I Lizabeth bp Uje Online grace Of tlje eternall ©OD, Of England, France ano 
 
 Ireland moll facreo SElueenc, ano of tbe mod (Ojjittian faitb,agamQ all tbe 
 pjopbaners of bis moll bolp Jftame tbe jealous ami migbtie Dcfenoourtfc, 
 Zo tljemoftrenotoneo aim Cmpertous C^far, Sultan Murad Can, <£mpc« 
 rourof all tbe Dominions of Turkie, ano of all tbe€aff Sgonarcnte cb:efea* 
 boue allotbers tobofoeuer,rood fortunate peeres torch tbefurceffe of ai true 
 bappinefle, 9s toitljberp gteat oefirc tot toilb ano embjace tbe Ioue ano arm'» 
 
 tie of fojvetnc iaunces,anD in tbe fame bp al gooD Dtiecies aim meanes toe fet fee to be conficmeD: 
 fo to bs there map bee nothing mo?e gcieuous aim Difltfeing, then that anp thing djoulo happen 
 tlnottgb tbe Default of out sgmbiects , tobicb anp toap might b?ing our faith anD fioelitte into fti* 
 fpttion : although toee are not ignorant hoto manp gooD pjinces bp the like mifaDtienturc be abtt< 
 fco, tobere tbe Doings of tbe Sbubtects are imputeo to tbctoant of gooDgoucrnmcnt. T3ut fuclj 
 matters of importance ano fo toell appmuea toe map not omit: fucb is to bs tbe facreo cflimation 
 of our bonour.ano of our Clnidian p jofelfion, as toe tooulo tbe fame (botilo appcace aftoell in tlje 
 concluDing of our p?omifcs aim agreements.as intljc f attbfullperfomiing of tl;e fame. 
 
 1E.be matter tobicb bp thefe our letters toeefpeciallp behoiae,isa modiniuriousana grteuotts 
 tomng tobicb of late came bnto our Oimerttanoing, that ftjoulD be Done bnto certaine of pcttr fub= 
 iects bp certaine of our Sutbiects, as pet notapp?ebenaea:buttoitball feueritiebpontbetrap* ■zmbus 
 P^ebenOon tbep arc to be atoaroeb fojtbe fame. 9tm as the oeeocin it felfe is moatotckcD.fo is ^' r ^ R at - 
 it mucb mo?e tntollerable, bp boto much it Doetb infringe the creott of our faitl^biolate tbe fo?ce vuiti! me b«ue 
 ofouratitbo?itie, anb impeach tbe ettimatt'on ofourtoom faitbfullpgiuenbntopour Imperial! Jobbtn?^ '' 
 Dignitie. 3n tobicb fo great a Difo^Derif tote fhoulo not manifetl ourbatreo totoarDes fo toickco w»c C'«™« 
 anDeuil DitpofeDperfons.toe might not onelp mod ittlllp be repjoucD in tljeiuDgemcnt of all fucb '" tbt Lciunc " 
 as tnielp fauour 3iudice, but alfo of all princes tbe patrones of right ano eqmt ie, might no klfe 
 be conocmticD. 'Chat tljcrefoje contiDereD.tohicb of our parts is owaincD in this caufe tobicb map 
 be to the gooD liking of pour bigbticfle, toe are moll cfpeciallp to requett ofpour imperial! spa= 
 icQie,thattb?ough tlje Default aim Difo?Derof afon of eudl ano toicheo otfpofea pcrfons,pott 
 toil not toitbo?ato pour gratious fauour from bs, neither to biimer the trattqtte of our Saubiccts, 
 tobicb bp bertueof pour highnetfe fuffcrance,anD potoet of pour licence are permittcD to traoe in- 
 to pour Dominions 9 countrcps,o? tljat cither in their pcrfonsoi gooos tbep be piciuoiccD in their 
 traueplingbplano ojbptoater, pjomitingtotcopourgreatnefremoafaithfullpi that thegooos 
 tohereof pour fubiects bp great tojong aim biolence hatte bene fpopleo, (hall toholp againe be re= 
 ao?cD,tf either bp tbe iiues'o? potTeffions of tlje robbers it map anp toap be bjottgbt to palfe : 9na 
 
 N tljat 
 
i^6 TheEnglifti Voyages,Nauigations, Tur^e patents. 
 
 ttjat Ijcreaftcr (asnotubetngtaugbt bp tftts £uiil example ) toee mill ijauc Tpectail care tljat none 
 under tbe title of our auttjo jttie (ball lie fuSered to commit an? tbe like torongs o? iniuries. 
 
 jfteitbet t^ep toljicb baue committeD tbefe cuil parts bad anp poiner under pour bigbnefle fafe- 
 conduct graunted Dnto our fubiects.but from fome otber fafeconouct,tobetber u toere true 0} fai« 
 nco,\i)e knofcie not,or boljetber tbep bougbt it of anp petfon tuitljin ti,e goucrnment of Marfeils: 
 but intoer tbe colour tbereof tbep Ijaucaone tbnt,tobicb tbe truetlj of our Dealing doctljbtterlp ab« 
 bojre. ^otBJitbftanoingbotofocuericbe, toee inillfurclp meafuretbeireuillproceeoingstoitb 
 moft ujarpe andiuff correction, and tbat it (ball repent rtjem of tlje impeaebment of our bonourg, 
 as alfo it (balbe an trample of our indignation, tbat otljers map D?eao at all times to commit tbe 
 like offence. (Klberefoje tbat our amittcmigbt be continued, as iftbisbnfo?ttmate bap baone< 
 uer eijanced , and tljat tlje Gnguler affection of our &ubiects toioaroes pour amperiall SJ&aiefiie 
 uoti)cB,ano oaplp mo?e ano mo?c defired,migbt be confirmed ano oefendeo.toe tbereunto do make 
 our bumble fuitebnto pour greatneffe : ancroj fo great goooueffctotoardesbs ano our people 
 granted ,DoemoQbumblppjapb;uotbe3lmigbtie creatourofbeauenandeartb, euertomain* 
 taine ano keepe pout mott renotomeo Spaieffie in all bappineffe ana profperitie, 
 DatebatourpalaceofGrecaewicht^e25.of3lunc,Anno 1581. 
 
 The letters patents,or priuileges graunted by her Maieftie to Sir 
 Edwardosbortie, Mafter Richard Staper, and ccrtainc other Marchants of 
 London for cheir trade into the dominions of the great Tttrke, in the ycerc 1 58 1. 
 
 Lizabethbp tbe grace of ©05 SHueencof England, France and lreland,de= 
 fenoer of tlje faittj,ijc. %a all our Officers, mraiffcrs , ami &ubiects, and to 
 all otber people as toell iuitbm tljis our KeaRne' of England, aselfetobere 
 dnoerourobepfance,iurifDictiott, orotbertoifc,bntbnJbom tbefe our letters 
 (ball be fecne, ujelueo or read, greeting. SUljere our toelbeloued gmbiects 
 Edward Osborne SlDcrmanof out Cttie of Lpnddn, and Richard Staper of 
 ourffipde€itp£^arcbant, baue b? great aduentureano inouffrtc, toicbtbeit great coffeganti 
 cbarges, bp tbe fpace of fundrp late peeres, trauailco, and caufed trauaile to bee taken, as toeU 
 bp fecrct and good meancs, as bp dangerous luapes and parages botb bp Iande and g>ea, to 
 fince out and fet open a trade of S}J)arcbanDi?e and trafique into tbe iLanos,3lffands, dominions, 
 and territories of tbe great Turke , commonlp called tbe Grand Signior,not beretofoje in tlje 
 mcmorpofanprnannoiaeliuingknotoen to be commonlp tofeo and frequented bptoap of mar* 
 cbandifc,bpait!> tbe SgJarcbants o?anpg>ubicctsof ds, orottrprogenitours ; and alfo baue bp 
 tbeir like good meancs ano induffrie, and great cljarges procured oftbefapoe Grand Signior 
 (in our name, ) amitie, fafetie, and freebome , fo? trade and trafique of Sjjjarcrjandtfe to bee bfed, 
 and continued bp our^ubiectstoitbin bis Capoe Dominions, toberebp tbere is good andap= 
 parantljope andukelpboooc botb that manp good offices map bee done fo? tbe peace of Cbn- 
 aenoomc,ano reliefe of manp Chriftians tbat bee 0? map bappen to bee intbraldomeor necef* 
 DtiebuDer tbe fapoe Grand Signior, Ijisbaffals oj^ubiects, ano alfo good and profitable bene 
 ana utterance map be bad oftbe commodities of our Healme, and funojp otber peat benefited 
 to tlje aouancement of our bonour , and oignitie Eopall , tbe increafe of tbe reuenues of ouc 
 Croloite,andgeneralln)ealtbofourEealme ; IKnotoe pe, tbat bereuponireegreatlp tendering 
 tbe toealtljofour people, and tlje incouragement of our feubiects in tljeir good cntctpuTcs fo? 
 tbeaduauncementof tbe Common toeale, banc of our fpcciall grace, rename knowledge and 
 an ce re motion, giuen and graunted, and bp tijefe pjefencs for bs , our beires and fuccelfours, Doe 
 giueand graunt bnto our Capd truffle, and laelbeloueo €>ubiects Edward Osborne, and bnto 
 Thomas Smith of London <£fquier, Richard Staper , and William Garret of London Spat* 
 cljants, tbeir crccuto?e, and acmimffrators, and to tbeerecutoursan&aomim'ftratoursoftbem, 
 anDofeuerpoftbem, tbat tljep, and euerp of tbem,and futb otber perfon anoperfons<!2ngli(b» 
 men borue,not ercecoing tbe number of ttoelue, as tbep tbe fapoe Edward , and Richard ffjallap* 
 point, nominate, oradmit to beparteners,aouenturers,or doers toritbtljcm tbe fapde Edward, 
 Thomas, Richard and William, iii tljeir focietie bp tljemfelttes, tbeir feruants, jfactourso? 
 deputies, and to fucb otljers as (ball bee nominated according to tlje tenour of tbefe our let* 
 tcrs patents, (ball and map during tbe terme of feuen peeres from tbe date of tbefe patents, 
 freelp trade, trafique, and biefeates of flparcljandife into, and from tbe dominions of tbe fapoe 
 Grand Signior,anD euerp of tljcm,in fucboroer,and maner, forme, liberties and condition to all 
 intents and pucpofes as Qjalbe becttcenetljemlimitteb and agreed, and not otbertoife, toitir 
 out anp molcffatioibimpeacbmentjOjdiffurbance^np JLatnetffatutcbfage^iuerStie of religion 
 
Turfye patents. Traffiques andDifcouenes* 
 
 [ 47 
 
 ojfa«b,o?otljetcaufeoj matter luljatfccucr to il;econtcdvjinotU)itt)CtitiDi!ig. 
 
 3no tljat itfljalbe latuful to tlje fais Edward anD Richard tbeir rrccutojs mid aDminiCrato??, 
 (During tlje faiD terme) to appoint o? aomit to be parttners ano acucnturcrs Mb tljemtljr fapce 
 Edward,Thomas,RichardanDWilliam,rucbperronsnotcrrctl3instljemimbcrofttecUtc(a3a 4 
 fojc is faio)to traSquc ano bfc tlje faio trace 5 feate of marchanoifc eccqjBing to our faice grnutu, 
 3nD ttjat all anD euerp fuch perfon ano perfons, as fljall hereafter fortune to bec appointee 0? ao= 
 mitteDasparrenersiatljefaio trace :ojtranqueacco?oing to thefe our letters patents, (ball ano 
 mapfromtljc time of fuel) appointment 0? aomittance, Ijaue ano ensop tlje freetome ano libertic 
 oftlje fata traDe ano trarjque, outing tlje reGDuc of tlje fain tcrmc of feuen peeres,arrD?e.ng to furh 
 limitation ano agrenmi t as is afo?efatoe, ano tljat it (ball ano map be labofull to ano fo? the faioe 
 Edward, rhomas,Richard ano William, tljeir erecutours ano nDmituflrctours, fcruants, fac 
 tours ano Deputies, ano all fuch as fljall be fo appointeo, ncminateo r. ? atmuttcD.to bee p art enc r s 
 0} aoucnturers In tlje faioe traoe,o? fo manp of tbcm as can ano MI, to aflemble tljemfelues fo? 
 0? about anp tlje matters, caufes , affaire? 0; b ufinefi c of tlje faioe trace in anp place 0? plates fo? 
 the fame tonuenient/rom time to time During tlje fain terme of 7.peres,uritljin our Dominions 0? 
 clfciuberc^inDtomaRC^^DeinCanocontlittnereafonablelaujesaaDo^DinauccSjfojtbegooDgo'- 
 uernment of tlje faio Company, atiD fo? tlje better aouantement ano continuanccof tlje faio trace 
 ano trafique,not being contrarp 0? repugnant to tlje Iators,e&atute0 0? cuflomes of our Eraimr, 
 ano the fame lames 0? omittance* fo maoe to put mofc,ano erecuteacco?Dinglp,anD at tljcir plea* 
 fares to reuofce tlje fame latoes anD o?oinances,o? anp of tljcm.ns occaGon fljall require, 
 
 ano in canGoeration tljat the faio Edward Osborne bath bene the p?incipall fetter my.') anD 
 ooer in tlje openings puttingin b?e ef tlje faiD traDe,b)e do tljerfo?e efptciallp o?Dcine,tcmCEitute, 
 ann p?ouioe bp tbcfe patents, tljat tljefaioe Edward Osborne fljall lie gouernour of all fuclj as bp 
 bercue of tljcfc ottr letters patents.fljall be partcncrs,aDucn ttirers.o? trafiquers in tlje faio traoe, 
 During tlje fain terme of feuen peeres, if Ijee To longliue t 9no tljat if tlje faiD Ed ward {ball hap-' 
 pen to Deceafe During tlje faioe tcrmc,tbe faioe Richard Scaper then liuing,tbcn tlje fapc Kichard 
 Staper fljall lifeeboife be gou er it ur During the reGcueof the faiD t er me (if Ije fo long Hue; anD that 
 if tlje faiD Edward ano Richard fljall botlj happen to Deceafe During t be fata terme .then tlje part' 
 tiers 0? aoucnturers fo? the time being.o? tfce greatett part of them,ujall from time to time as ne= 
 ceflitie fljall require ,c!joofe ano elect a gmi crtiour oftlje faiD Companp, 
 
 PfouiocDalmapcs, that if there ujallhappen anp great 0? b?gent occaGon to remooueo?cif* 
 place anp perfon tljat fljall be gouetnour of t be faioe felloMjip,tljat then it (ball, ano map Le lain* 
 Jttllfoi us,otit hcires ano fucce(Tours,to rcmooue,ano Difplace euerp fuch goueruour,anD to place 
 ano tlj er of the faiD f ellouifljip in the fame office, During fuch time as fuclj perfon ujoule haue en* 
 fopeo tlje Camr,nc coding (0 this ottr graunt,if tljere Ijac bene no eaufe to the contrarp, 
 
 anD toe further fo? tos, our beires, ana fucccRb?s, of our efpecf all grace, cettaine buotoleoge, 
 
 anD meere motion, OOgtaunt to tlje faiD Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith,Richard Staper,ann 
 
 William Garrec,tljeir erccuto?0 ano acminittrato?s, tljat nothing fljall beeoone to be of fo?ce 0? 
 balioit ic touching the fapoc traoe 0? traGque, 0? tlje crcrctTe tbereof, Mljout 0? againtt the con* 
 fent of the faio Edward.Duringfuch time as Ijee fljall bee (Souernour as afo?e is faioe, Snaaf* 
 ter that time toiitljout tljcconfeut oftlje (Doucruour fo? the time being, anD tlje mo?e pan of ttje 
 faiDCompanp, 
 
 Sno further, luce of ot-.r mc?e ample anoabtmbant grace, meere motion ano certarnennotns 
 Icd gc, bait e graunteD,ano bp t b cfe patents fo? bs,our beitrs anD fucceuo?s,Doe gcaunt to the faioe 
 Ed ward,Thomas,Richard anD William, their erecutojis ano aDminiflrato?s, trjac tljep.tbe faioe 
 Edwatd.Thomas.Richard ano Willam, tljeir ejcecuto?g ano aominiflrato?s,anD tlje faio perfon 
 ano pecfons,bp them tlje faiD Edward ano Richard to be nominateo.o? appointeo as afo?e is faio, 
 to jet be r, niitij fur b two other perfons, as to ec our b circs 0? fucceffo?s from time to time curing 
 the fapo terme fljall nominate,fljalI hauetbeuibole traoe ano trafique,anb tlje bahole entire oncl? 
 libertie.bfe anop?iui!ege of traoing,ano trattquing,anDUGngfeate of marcljanDife,into,ano from 
 the faiD Dominions oftlje faio Grand Signior,ano euerp of tijem.9no tohen tbere ujall be no fuc& 
 perfons fo nominateo 0? appointeo bp bs, our Ijeires 0? fucceQojd, that then tlje faio Edward Ok 
 
 bornCjThomas SmithjRichard Staper,anD William Garrec.tljcir erecutO?S anD aDminittratO?S, 
 anofuch perfons bp tljcmfo to be appointeo, fljall batte tlje faioe tuhole traoe ano trafique.anfi tlje 
 luljolc entire.ano onelp libertie,bfe, ane p?itiilegc of tracing ano trafiquing afo?efaio. 9nD tbat 
 tijcptljefatDEdward,Thomas,RichardanDWilIiam,t|jeirerecuto?sfatminiflrato?s,anDalfa 
 al fuch as fljal fo be noininateo 0? appointeo to be partners 0? aouenturers in thefato traDe.acco?^ 
 fitng to fuclj agreement as is abouefato, anD euerp of them, thef r fcruants, factors artDDepttties, 
 fljal haue ful ano free aut ljo?i t iclibcru'cfaeult ic,licence ano poteet to trace ano t rafiquc into and 
 
 N % from 
 
14.8 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, 7 urkie patents. 
 
 from all ano cuery the faioe Dominions of tbe faiDeGrand Signior, ano into, ano from all places 
 toijcrCjbp occafton of the fain traoe, tljep (nail happen to arriue o? come, Whether tbcp be Chnfti- 
 ans, Taikes,Gcntileso?ot^er ) anDinto,anDfroman^ea0,riuers J po?ts J reo;ions J temto;ie0 J tio-- 
 minions.coaftes ano place© With rijeir (bips,barks, pinneffes aao otijer bclfr Ss, anc toitlj fitch ma= 
 rincrsanomEH,as tbcptortlieaotoiththem o? ft no fo? trjc Taia traTJe,as t^cp frjall ttjtnfec 500D at 
 tljetcotunepjopcrcoCanDerpenfes.anpIatiJ.flattite^fagCjOjmattcrtohatfoeuertotberontrarp 
 nottomhftanDing;. amjtbatttfbalbelatoftilfo^tljefatoEdwardJhomas.Richardatiti William, 
 ano to the pcrfbns aforefatc, ano to ano for the mariners ano fea men to bee bfco ano cmplopec in 
 the faio trace ano bopage to fct ano place in the tops of their (hips ano others befiels the amies of 
 England with the reo croffe oner the famc,as heretofore trjcp haue bfen the reo cro(Tc,anp matter 
 ojtbingto t!je contrarp naturithttanoing, 
 
 ' ano tueof our furtberropalfauor, ano of ourefpecial! grace, ccrtaineknouiIcogcanDmeere 
 motion bauegrauntco,atiDbp thefe p:efrnts Doe ctraunt tothc fato Edward Osburne/rhomas 
 Srnith.RichardScaper.anoWilliamGarretjtheirerecutorsanoacminiirratojnbpthcfep'.efents, 
 that the fato lanos,territo?tes,ano Dominions of the faio Grand Signior, or anp of thcm.fljall not 
 bebifitco, frequeuteo, norbauiiteobpniap of marcbanDife bp anp other our fubiccts During tbe 
 faiB tcnnc.contrarp to the true meaning; of thefe patents. 
 
 9no bp bertue of our btgh prerogatiue ropall ( tohitb toee Will not Ijaue arcrtteo 0? brought in 
 que£tion)toeftraightIp charge ano commauno, ano prohibiteforb0,ourbeires,anDfucccirours, 
 aUourfubiects(ofnihatDegreeorqtialitiefociierthepbe)thatnoneofthtmoirectIp,o?inDirect* 
 1^,00 ljifi:c, haunt, frequent 0? trace, trafique, 0? aouenture bp toap of marcbancifc into,o? from 
 anp of the Dominions of the fapoe Grand Signior, 0? other places abouefapoe bp Water o? bp 
 lauoe (other thenthe faio Edward,Thomas, Richard ano William, their erccutottrsojaDmini- 
 Crato^s.ojfuchaSibfllheaomitteD.anDnommateD asisafojefaioe) without erprefTeliccnce,a« 
 greement.ano confent of the faio ©ouemour, ano rompanp or the mojepart of thcm.Whereof the 
 faio (Souernottr alWapcs to be one, bpon paine of our high inoignation,ano of forfeiture ano loffe, 
 as well of the (Trip ano ftjippes, Witlj the furniture thereof, as alfo of the gooDS,marchanoi5es,anii 
 tilings whatfeeuer tbep be of thofe our &ubtects Which &jaU attempt, 0? prcfumetofaile, tra* 
 fiqtie.o? aouenture, to or from anp the oomtnion&o? places abouefaio,contrarp to the prohibition 
 aftrefaio: the one balfc of the fame forfeiture to be to the bfe of bS,our heires ?fuccrtTors,ano the 
 other halfe to the bfe of the faio Ed ward.Thomas, Richard ano William, ano the faio cempanie, 
 ano further to fuffer impnfonment ouring our pleafure, ano fuel) other puniChmene as to bs , fo j 
 fb high contempt, thai feeme meete ano conuenient. 
 
 3no further of our grace fpeciall, certaine fcnoWleogt , ano meere motion toe haue ccnoefccn» 
 Deo ano graunteo.ano bp tbefe patents for bs our heires ano fucccU*o?s,ooe conoefceno ano grant 
 to the faio Ed ward,Thomas,Richard 9 William.their erecutors ano aominiftrato ?s,tljat me out 
 heires | fucceffo js ouring tbe faio cerme,Will not grant !ibcrep,licence 0? power to anp pcrfbn 0? 
 perfons Wbatfoeuer/ontrarp to the tenor of thefe our letters pacents(,to faile,pau"f ,traoe,oj tra* 
 fique into or from the faio Dominions of the faio Grand Signior 0? anp of tbem,Wiehout the coftnt 
 of t\je faio Ed ward,Thomas,Richard $ William,ano fuch as fijalbe nameo or appofnteo as afo?e 
 is faio,or the mou" of them&no that if at anp time hereafter During the faio cerme,p faio Edward, 
 Thomas, Richard ano Wiliiam,ortbefuruiuors of them,fhaIaDmitor nominate anp of our fub« 
 tects to be partners $ aDttenturers in the faio trace to the number of 1 2,or bnoer as afore is faio, 
 that then toe our heires ano fuceeffojs at the inffance ano petition of the faio Edward , Thomas, 
 Richard ano William, or the furuiuors of them in our £hauncerie to be maoe, ano bpon the fight 
 of thefe p?efents,will grant ano make to the faio Edward,! homas, Richard ano William, or to 
 the furuiuors of them, ano to fuch pcrfons as fo (hall be nominateo or appointee bp their fpeciall 
 names,furnames, ij aooitions as is aforefato, new letters patents bnoer tbe great feale of Eng- 
 land in Due forme of lain with like agrecment,claufe0,proljtbittons,prouifoes ano articles (mu- 
 tatis mutandis)as in thefe our letters patents are conteineo,for,ano During the refioue of tljefatn 
 terme of feuenperes then remaining bnerpireo. 9no that the fight of thefe prefents (balbe fuffc 
 cient tuarrant to the Loro Chancellour, or Loro keeper of the great feale for the time being , for 
 the making , fealing ano pairing of fuch neto letters patents, tuit bout further iu?tt or warrant 
 for the fame to be requirco, hao, j obtaineo, 
 
 . 9nD the faio Edward Osburne,Thomas Smith,ano Richard Staper.anO William GarretanO 
 futh others as (halbe fb nominateo ano appointeo,as isafojcfaio.to be of tbeistraoeor companie, 
 (hall peerelp During 6.ofthe latt pcres of the faio 7.peres,laoeout of this our Kealme, ano bring 
 bomep[erelp,for,ancintljefeatc ano traoeofmarchanoifingaforefaio.fo much gooes anD mar« 
 cbanoijcs, as the cufiome, ano fubfioie inniaros ano outbiaros , (ball amount in the tubole to the 
 
 fumme 
 
~l WTI T mi 1^.11 in, „ | | 
 
 TurJ^e patents. Traffiques andDifcouenes. 
 
 149 
 
 fnttimeofjoo.li.pecrelp, S>0 that tljefatD Ed ward Osborne, Thomas Smith.RichardStaper; 
 ano William Garret ano the fain pcrfons fo to be nominateo as is afo;efato,o? anp of tljem,o; tljcit 
 fljipo; (bippes benotbarreD,KapeD,reltraineDojict Dp anp reafoimblcoccaGon from the fapoc 
 traDe 0) trafiqueiano fo that tlje faio (hip oj ftjips do not pertfh bp anp miffojtune,oi tit e fpopleo bij 
 theteapintbeirbopage. 
 
 3nDfurther,thcfaiD Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Richard Staper.ano William Gar- 
 ret, ano fucbotljersas (ball be appointed as afojefaiocto be of their faioe trace o; Companp, 
 (ball giue notice Unto cbe Lo?D Slounrall of England, } to foine of the principal! officers of tlje 
 9Dmirattiefojtbctime being, of fuel) (hip 0} llnyyes as tljtp fhallfgtfeo'tljmthe Camebopage, 
 ano of the number of Sglariners appointeD to goe in the fame ftip 0} (bippes , bp trje fpace of nf • 
 tcene Dapes before tbe fetting 0} going foojth of tlje fame ujtp 0? (bippes. 3no alfo the faio Ed- 
 ward Osborne, Thomas Smith,Richard Scaper ailD William Garret, artD fuel) other as fljall be 
 hptrjem trje faioe Edward ano Ricbard.nominatcD to be of the faic trace, (hall ano xptll at the fet* 
 tfogfooprj of tljeir (h(p,o j. u)ippes,fo; tf/e fame bopage, permit ano fuffcr the ^afler cif the t>}iU 
 nance ofbs,our IjCites ano fucceffojs.oj fome others, one 0? fljeirpjincipall officers of tlje © joi* 
 nance,to tafce abieu) of tbe number ano qtiancttic of fuel; ©finance, potooer, ano mtmition,as 
 fljall be carieD in tlje faio (hip, a} ujiypes, ano (hall alfo at tlje rettirne of the fame fijip,o; (bippes, 
 fuffec abieto to be tafeen,ano bpon rcquefl maoe, make an accompt to tlje Caioe officers of out © j> 
 ninance,of the erpenCes, ano m afea of the faio ©;Dmancc,jLiob)Dcr, ana munition,fo to bee car icd 
 fa tlje fame lljip,o;(l,<ippes. . , .. 
 
 Ipjouioco aHuapeB.tljattf anp of the faio trace 0} Companp, 0? tfjeit RruantS, factors, oj fat* 
 l(r0,inanpujipbptljemlaben,ihall commit anp pitacie oj outrage bpon itbefeas,anotbat,if the 
 fain Companp 0? focietie (hall not, 0} 00 not,toiti)in reasonable time,after complafnt maoe,o? no* 
 tice gitten to tlje fain Companp, oj to anp of t!jcm,eitijer fattffie 0? recompctife trje parties tljat fo 
 fljall fortune to berobbcbjO? fpotleo bp anp of the fain Companp.o? faiicrSjin the faio njips,o? el* 
 (hall not 00 their enoeuour to trje bttermott of trjetr reafonable pctoer,to !;auc tijc parties fo offen* 
 Ding puniujeo fo; tbe Came t tjeir offences, tljat then, ano from thenceforth, trje'fe jijefent letters 
 patents Qjallbebtterlp bopD,ceafe, ano Determine. 
 
 p^uiDeDlftetoifejtbatifitfhalHjereafterappcarebntobS^urfjcires 1 , 0? ftufcijjtojfj, tljat this 
 gtant,o? tlje continuance tljereof in the tnljole,o? in anp part thereof, Cjaif nor be profitable to bs, 
 our ljeireS,our fucceffojs,o; to ttjis our Eealme,tbat t[ien,ano fromcbencetfco?th, bpo'.i,ano aftct 
 one full peeres tnarning,to be giuen bnto tlje faio Companp, j to the (Souernour ttjereof,bp bs, 
 our Ijeires.oj fueccffb?s,this p jefent grant (hall ceafe, be bopo,anD Determine, to all mtcnts,con« 
 flructfons,anopurpofes« 
 
 PjottiocD alfo, tljat toe, our hetrcs ano fucccttbjs, from time to time.tjuttng trje faio 7.peeres» 
 map latefuilp nominat e,appoint ,ano aitctjo?ife tiro perfens, being fit men, to be of the fatoe com* 
 panp,anDfojtoanto?lachcoftljem,tbjo others to be acttcntuvcrs uic^cfaiDtratic,fojfucrj ffacfce 
 ano fitmme of moncp,as tbep ujall put tn, fo tljat tbe fa:D perlons to bee nominateo,o? autljojifco, 
 (hall be contributor to all charges of tbe faio trace 9 aouenture inctfferentIp,acco?Dtng to tljetc 
 fifackes: ano as ottjec aoucnturers of tlje faio traDe (hall ooe fo? their Qocfees, ano fo tljat likeruife 
 the? Doe obferuc tbe o?oers of tbe faio Companp, alloBiable bp this out gratmt,ano that fuel) per* 
 fons fo to be appotnteo bp bs, our b circs 01 fuc celtb? 3 . ujall,anD map ,tei t Ij trje faioe Companp,ano 
 fellomtrjip , x>k tlj e t ran e ano feate of marcljanoife afo;efaioe, ano all the liberties ano p;iuileges 
 herein befoje grancco, accojcing to tbe meaning of tljcfe our letters patents, anp thing in tijefe 
 our letters patents containco to tfje contrarp notroittdauDing, 
 
 3 no furtbet of our fpcciall grace,certaine hnobJieoge,anO metre motidn,tbe Ijauc conoefcetW 
 Des ano granteo, ano bp tljcfe p?efcnts fo; bs,o ur Ijeires ano fu cc effc is, ooe fonoefceno^nO grant 
 to the faiO Edward Osborne,Thomas Smith,Richard Stapcr,anO William Garret.trjeir ttecw 
 to;s,ano aominilcrato7S,tbat if at the enoe of the fata terme of feuen peeres,it thall fecmc meete, 
 ano Contienient bnto the faiD Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Richard Staper,anfl William 
 Garret, o} tijc furmuer of tljem , tljat this p jefent grant fljall be continueo: anb if tljat alfo it (ball 
 appeare bnto bs, our(jeires,o; fucceffo , s,tljat tlje continuance tljereof fljall not be pjeiuoiciall, 0% 
 rjurtfull to thisourEealmctljat then toe,ourl)etres,o?fuccen"o?s,at the inCanee ano petition of 
 
 tlje fatD Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith,RichardScaper,anD William Garrec.OJtljeftttuittet 
 
 of trjem,tobemaoe tobs,our heires,o? fucceffo?s,toil grant ano mahe to tlje faio Edward/Tho- 
 mas, Richard ano William.o; the furuiitcr of tljcm,ano to fuclj other perlons, as fa Cfjal be bp tbe 
 fato Edward ano Richard nominateo ano appointeD, neui letters patents,bnoer trje great feale of 
 England,inouefo?meof lame, toithlike couenants, grants,claufes, ano arttcles.astuthefr p?e* 
 Cents are coiuainco,o; tnitb aoDition of ottjec neceffarp article^o; change of tljcfe in fomc part,fo? 
 
 N 3 arm 
 
<&fje Deficriptii 
 
 tin of Augufta 
 in Germanic 
 
 Vcaict, 
 
 150 The Englifh Voyages 7 N alligations, Laur.Alderfey. 
 
 anODtutngtl3efuUtermfoffcucnpccrEStlKnncnfolloU)mg.^i!Ung; ! anDUraigljtIpcomman'' 
 oing.anb charging aH ano fingulcr our abmirals, tt'ceaDmtralg, 3«8ices, S?f)ato?s,g)bcriffes, 
 €fc(jcaters, Conttables, T13ailiffes,e.nD all ano finguler our other officers, minifters,liege men, 
 anu fttbiects tobatfoetter.to be aiting,fauouring,help:ng,ano affifiingbnto tlje fain ©otiernottr, 
 ano companp,anntljeir fueceffo?g, ano to their Deputies, officers, feruauts,affiones,ano mini« 
 tiers, ano ewerpof tbem, in executing, ano enioping the p?emiffes,as toell on lamias on fea,from 
 time to time, ano at all times toljen pott.o } anp of pott.ujal! be thereunto rcquireo,anp ttatute,act, 
 ojoinance,p?ouifo,pjaclamation,o? reffraint Ijerctofo ?c ^ao,maoc,fct fo?tb,o?DatneD,oj pjouioeb, 
 0? anp otljer matter, raiiCe oj tbtng to tbc contrarp,in anp uufc noturitbftanbing. 
 
 In toitneffe tohereof me Ijaue caufeo tljcfe our letters to be ! mane patents, toitnefieour felfc, 
 at SI1eitmin8er,tlje 1 1 .cap of September, in tlje 2 3 .peere of cur ratgne. 
 
 The firft voyage or iourney , madeby Mater Laurence ^4lderfey y 
 Marchant of London, to the Cities of lerufdem , and Trif>olis 3 &c. In the 
 yeere 1 5 8 1 . Penned and fet downe by himfclfe. 
 
 Departcofrom London tbe firft Dap of ap?H,tntbe pecre of our to?o 1 s 8i,pa(* 
 
 >ftngtb£OUgbtbeNether-land anobp tbe riuerRhenebp CoIen,anD other cities' 
 
 >of Germanie. 3nD bpon ^IjurfDapjtljetbirDe bap of 9£)ap, J came to Augufta, 
 
 tobercj beliuereD tbe letter 3 b<wto Waller lenife,anbCpa?er CaftIer,tobom3J 
 
 ', founn berp toilling to pleafure me,in anp tbing tijrat 31 coulo } tooulo reafonablp 
 
 DcmaunD, lip e firft furnifheb me toitlj a bo?fe to Ve nice, fojmpmonep,atmbentooRe me toitlj 
 
 Ijim a toalking, to fljeto me tbe £itie, fo? tbat 31 bab a cap to tarp there, fo? bim tljat mas to be mp 
 
 guibe. i£)c Qjetoeb me firft tbe State-houfe, tobiclj isberp f aire,ano beautifull : tljen Ije bjoug&t 
 
 mec to tlje fineft garDcn,ano ojebaro, tbat euer 31 fatoeinmp life: fo? tljere teas in it a place fo? 
 
 Canarie birocs, as large as a faire Chamber; trimmeb toitb toier botb abone ano beneath toiri 
 
 fine little fyancljes of trees, foj tbem to fitm ,tobicb teas full of tljofc Canariebiroes. •Eljere 
 
 toasfnclj an otljer fo? Cuttle Dooues:alfo ttjetc tocre ttoo pigeon boufes iopmngtatbem,lja* 
 
 utng in tljcm ftoje of turtle booues, ano pigeons. 31n tbe fame garben alfo toere fire ? feucH 
 
 fifbponos,all raileo about.ano full of berp 5000 68), &lfo, feuen 0} eigljt fine foutitames,o? toatet 
 
 fpjings.of oiuers faftjions ; as fa? fruitc, tbere toanteo none of all fojts, as ©?cnges J figges,rai-' 
 
 fons,toaUmtts,grapcs,bcfiDes apples, peaces, fiUbiros,fmall nuts, ano fuel) otljer fruiters toee 
 
 bauein England. 
 
 Chen bib bee b?mg mee to tbe boater totoer of tbe fame Cttte, tbat bp a Height ano beuife Ijatlj 
 tbe toater bjougljt bp as lngtj,as anp Cljurcb in the totone,ano to tel pou tbe ftrange neuifes of all, 
 ttpaffctbmpcapacitie, fSbtn be bjougbt me to anotljcr faire garben,callco tbe Shooters hoofe, 
 tobere are buts fo? tbe long botoe, tbe croffe botoe, tbe fione botoe, tbe long peece, anb foj bitter? 
 otljer erercifesmoje. 
 
 9ftcr this, toe toatfeeo about tbe toalles of tbe Citie,toljere is a great,b?oabe,am> beepe bitcb, 
 bpon one fioe of tbe totone.fo full of fiQj.as euer 31 fabae anp ponD in mp lifc.anb it is referueo one- 
 ip iaj tbe States of tb e Citie. ano bpon tbe otrjerCae of tbe Citic is alfo a beepe place all greette, 
 tohcrein Deere are kept,ano toljen itpleafetlj tbe §>tatesto Ijunt fo?tljeir pleafurc,t6itbert(je? 
 tefo?t,anDbauetbeircoutfL'Sbaitljgrapbounos,n)bicbartfeeptfojtbatpurpofc, 
 
 "«tbefiftofSpap,3IDcpartcD from Augufta toboarosVenice.ano came tbitbtr bpon (DEHbttfun* 
 bap, tlje tbirteentb of tlje fame monetb, 3!t is neeoleffe to fpeane of tbe Ijeigljt of tbe mountaines 
 tbat 31 paffeb ouer,anb of tlje banger thereof, it ts fo toel fenotoen alreaop to tbe bao?lb : tbe bcigtft 
 of tljem is marueilous, anb 3! boas tbefpace of fire oapes in paffing tbem, 
 
 31 came to Venice at tbe time of a jfaire,tDhicblafteofoureteene oapes, babcrein 31 fabae ber? 
 manp.ano faire ftjetoes of maws. 3! came tljitbertoo fbojt fo? tlje firft paffage^tobicbtoent atoap 
 from Venice about tlje feuentb 0? eigljt of S^ap, anb toitb tbem abouttbjeefcojepilgrims,bobicb 
 fijippe bias caft aboap at a totone calico Eftria, ttoo miles from Venice, ano all tbe men tnbet, fa= 
 mngtbirtie,o?tbercabout,loO. 
 
 SUitljin eigbtbapes after fell Corpus Chrifti cap, tobicb teas a Dap amongft tbem of p?ocef* 
 Con, in lubiclj boas fbeboeb tbe plate ano treafure of Venice, icbicb «s efteemeD to be toojtlj ttoo 
 millions of pounos, but 31 bo not accompt it tooojtb balfc a quarter of tljat monep, crcept tbere 
 be mo?e tljen 31 fatoe. ^0 fpealseof tbefumptuoufneffe of tbe Copes, anb tacftments of tbe 
 ffl)\xt:c\), 31 leaue , but tlje trttetfj is , tbep bee berp fumptuous , manp of tljem fet all ouer toit& 
 pcarle,ano maoeof clotlj cf goloe, anbfo?tbeIefuits,3itbinketrjerebeasmanpatVeoice,as 
 tberebeinCokn. 
 
Laur.Alderfey. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 151 
 
 Che number of Ie wes is there tljougljc to be i ooo,toho otoell tn a certmne place cf i be Cmr, coe number 
 ant> batte alfo a place.to tobicb thi'p refo?t to p?ap,tobtcb is calico the lew es Smagogue. Zlny all, v Dl *!*>>" '» 
 auo their offp?mg Ufc to tocare reo cays, (fo? To tljep ate commattnocD) becattfe thep map tljereup t ""*' 
 be knotocn from other men, JFo ? nip f urtljf t kneuilcogc cf cljife people, 31 tocnt into tlj eic @>i= 
 nagogue Upon a s&amrDap, tobic[j is cljcic i^abbatbDap : auo 31 tottno tbtm in their fcruicc o? 
 p?avers , bcrp oettoute: tljep rcceiuc tljc &tie bookes of Moles, ano honour them bp carping tl;eni 
 about t(jcirCLljurcb,asthe1i3apiftsbaetbrircrou'e, 
 
 'Cljeir ispnagogite is in fo?me rouno,anD the people fit rouno about it, ano in the mioff.t&ere 
 is a place fo'i him that reaDech to the reft : as fo ? tljcir apparcll, all of them vueare a large toljite 
 latonc otter their garmtnts,tohicb reacbetbfrom their heaD,Dotone totbegrouno. 
 
 ^be jpfalmcs thep ling as toce Doe, bailing no image, no? bfinganp matter of iDoIatrie:tbeic 
 erro? iSjtljat tbey beleeue not iti Cb?iu\ no? pet rcceiue the New Teftamenc. Cljis Cttic of Ve- 
 nice is bcrp faire, ano greatlp to bee commenoco, to&erein is gooo o ?oer foj all things : ano alfo it 
 isberpltrongauo populous: ttttanoetljbpontljcmainc <g>ea,ano ljatljmanp3iliatms about it; 
 that belong to it. 
 
 <Spb tell poti of the Duke of Venice, aim of tlje g>eignio?p: there is one cbofen tljat etier bearctb 
 tbenamcot'aDuke,butintrnethhfct6btitferuanttotbe^ci3nio_?ie, fojofhimftlfehcccanooe 
 Iitle: it is no otrjertuife tottlj him, then With a ]p?iett t h it is at SpalTe bpo a felliualDap,tohicb put' 
 ting on his golocn garment , fcemetlj to be a great man, but if any man come unto bim,attD craue 
 fome frienDu"jip at his hanoes, bee toill fap, pou mttflgoe to the Spacers of the pariflj, fo? 31 can 
 not pleafurepou.otfjcrtoifet^enbp preferring of pour fuite : ano fottiStoitbtljeDukcofVe- 
 nice, if anp man hatting a fttite, come to htm, ano make W complaint, anD Deltuer bis fupplicati^ 
 on, it is not in him to helpehim, but hee toil! tell him, l>au mutt come this Dap, o? thatoap,aiiO 
 then 31 mill pjefcrre pour fuite to the S>eigmo?ic , ano Doe pou the bell f ricnn&jip that 3! map, 
 .furthermore, ifanpmanbjmgaletterbntobim.bee map not open it, but in tljc p?cfene e of tlje 
 S&Ci'gniojic, ano thep are to fee it firtt, tobtch being reao, perhaps tbcp toillDeliuerit to him,per-- 
 haps not, 2Df tlje <§>eignio?p tljere be about tb?ce bunD?eth,auD about fourtie of the p?ittie Coun* 
 fell cf Venice,tobo bfuallp are arapco in go tones of crtmfen g>atten,o? crimfen £)amaf ke,toljett 
 thcpfitiuCowifell. 
 
 31 a the Cttieof Venice,nomanmaptoeareatocapon,cicccptljebeafoulDierfojtljC g>eignto' 
 ric,o?afc!jollerof Padua,o? agentlernan of great countenance, ano pet be map not do tljat toith= 
 out licence, 
 
 3s fo? the toomen of Venice,tljep be ratber montters , tljen toomen, €ucrp g>hoomakers o? me men of 
 3Caplo?s toife toill battc a gotone of filftc.ann one to carie bphec traine,toearing tljcir lljooes bcrp vmS?""" of 
 neere balfe a paro higb from the gcounD :if a Kranger meete one of them,lje toill furelp tljinfee bp 
 the fiate that (be goetb tottb, that fje meetetb a iaop. 
 
 31 oeparteo from this Citie of Venice, bpon Spiofommer oap, being tlje foure ano ttoentieth, 
 cf juiie, aim thinking that the fljiptooulo tbenettoapDepart.jttapcD.anD lap a(bippeboo?o 
 all night, ano toe toere maoe beleeue from time to time, that toe fboulo tljisoap, ano tljat nap De= 
 part , but toe tarieo ttill, till rtje fourteenth of 3u!p,ano tl;en toitlj fcant toinoe wee fet faple, ano ©ia mam 
 faplco tbat oap ano that night ,not abotie fiftie 31talian miles : ano bpon tlje Crteene Dap at nigbt, f^fefu'S" 
 tljetoittoe turneoflatcontrarp, fo tljat the Staffer knetoe nottobat to Doe: ano about the fift 
 Ijoure of the night ,tohicb toe reckon to be about one of the clocke after mionigbt , tlje pilot oe* 
 fcrieo a faile, ano at laff perceiueo it to be a bailie of the burkes, to^ereupon toe toere in great 
 feare. 
 
 <5Dhe spatter being a toife fellotoe, ano a gooo fapler , beganne to oeuife botoe to efcape the 
 Danger , ano ta Ioofe iitle of our toap : ano tobtle both he, ano all of bs toere in our Dumps, ©on 
 fent bs a mcrrp gale of toinoe , tljat toe ranne tbjeefcoje anD tennc leagues befoje it toas ttoeltte 
 a clocne tlje ncrt Dap, ano in fire oapes after toe toerefeuen leagues patt Zante. ano bpon ^un= 
 nap mouu'ng, being tlje thjee anottoentieoftlje fame monetlj, toe came in tbefigbtof Candia 
 toljiclj oap the toince came contrarp ,toitlj great blafls, ano llo?mcs, bntilltbeeigljtano ttoen^ 
 tie of tlje fame monetlj : fn toljiclj time,tbeSl9ariners crieo out bpon me , becattfe 31 toas an €ng^ 
 liujman,$fapo, 31 toas nogooo€.h?ifltan,anotoi(bent^at 31 toere in tlje miooelt of tljeSiea, 
 Taping, tljat tbep , ano the ftjippe, toere tlje toojfe fo? me, 31 anftoereD, truelp itmaptoellbe, fo? 
 3[ tljtnfeemp felfe tlje too?ft creature in tlje too?Ioe, ano confiocr pou pour felttes alfo , as 31 Doe 
 mpfelfe, ano tbenbfe pouroifcretion. 'Clje jfricr p?eachtD, ano tljc fermon being Done, 31 
 toasoemau!iDeBto!jetljer31DtDbnDerflano^im:3|anftoereD,pea,anDtoloetlje jTrier htmfelfe, 
 thus pou faioe inpotirfcrmon,tIjattoetoerenotallgooDCh?iiIians,o? elfeit toere not poffible 
 fo? bs » lja«e fuclj toeatljer: to toljiclj 31 anftoereo, bepou toell alfureo, tljat toe are not inDceoe 
 
 all 
 
Cyprus, 
 Miflagb, 
 
 loppa. 
 
 Of loppa. 
 
 Kama. 
 
 : I 
 
 152, The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, Laur.Alderfey. 
 
 all gooo -!llj?iaians,fo; tljere are in tbe u)ip fome ttjat holo berp bncbjifitan opinions : fo fo? that 
 time 31 fatifnco bim, although (tbep fain) tljat 31 tooulo not fee,toben thep fatD the p;occflion,ano 
 bonoureo trjeic images, ano p;apeo to our L&op, ano S. Marke. 
 
 Cljere toas alCo a ©cntleman, an 3ltalian,tohicb mas a paflhtget in tfje fljip, ano he toloe me 
 tobat tljep faio of me,becaufe 31 tooulo net fiag.Salue Rcgiria,anD AueMaria.as thep did: 3! coin 
 tbem,tljat trjep u)at p?aico to fo manp,o; fought Ijelpe of anp other, then of (Boo tbe Jf attjer , c; of 
 3iefusCb?ift bis onclp Tonne, goeatojongtoapto toojke, anoroblieo (Sod of his jjonour, ano 
 oj?ougl;t tljeir otone Dcftract ions. 
 
 911 tljis teas tolo the /friers, but 31 IjeatDnotrjmg of it in tb jee nates aftertano tljcn at eurnfag 
 p japcr.tljep fcnt tlje purfcr about toitb the image of our Itaop to euerp one to hiflc^ % perceiuing 
 it toent another toap from bim,anti tooulo notice it: pet at latt be fctcljco bis cotirfe about.fo that 
 be came to me,s offereD it to me as be did to otbcrs,but 31 refufeo it: tobereupon tbere toas a great 
 flirre: tbepatron ano all tlje friers mere tolD of it , ano euerp one faioe 3 tons a Lutheran, ano fo 
 calleD me: but ttoo of tbe friers tljat toere of greatettaucljoMtie, fecmeo to beare mee better gooo 
 totll then tbe tell, ano trauelleo to tbe patron in mp behalfe.ano mace all toel! againe, 
 
 ^Ije fecono trap of &ugutl me arriueo in Cyprus, at a totone calleD MiiTagh : tbe people tljere 
 ieberp ruoe.ano like beafls,ano no bctter,tbep eat tijrtrmeat fitting upon tlje grouno,toitb their 
 legges acrofle like tatlojs, their beDsfo;thcmoftparcbebarDflones,butpetfomeof them baue 
 f aire mattraces to lie bpon. 
 
 SJponthurfoap the eight of augutt toe came to roppa in a fmall barke,tof>icljtoe Ijireo bettoirt 
 MiiTagh ano Salina,anD coulo not be fuffe rco to come on lano till nooue tlje ne re oap,ano then tee 
 toere pcrmitteo bp tbe great 15auja , tobo fate bpon tlje top of a bill to fee bs fent atoap, Ueing 
 come on laiu>,toc might not enter into anp Ijoufe fo; bicmals,but lucre to content our felues toitb, 
 our o tunc pjoutficn ,ano tbat tobiclj toe bougljt to carte toitb w teas taken from bs, 31 bao apaire 
 offiirrops 3 tohtcb3! bought at Venice to ferue me in mp iournep, anDtepingtomaketbemfitfojj 
 me, teljen tlje 15auja fato me bp before the reflof the companies fent one to rjtfmotmt mejanota 
 flcifee me, tobereupon 31 turneo me to tbe TSafba.anomaoe along legge >faping, Grand mercie 
 Signior : ano after a tobile tee teer e IjojCeo bpon lit le aftcs, ano fent atoap,toitb about Gftte light 
 rjojfemcnto be ourconouce tbjottghtbetoilDernelfc , calleD Dei'crtafoclix, teljomaocbs gooo 
 fpojt bp tbe toap teitij erjetc pikes, gwmes, ano faucbins, 
 
 3Ebat Dap being <§>.Laurenceoap, toe came to Rama, torjicb is tenne 31talian miles from lop- 
 pa, ano tljere toe ttapeb tljat nigljt , ano papeo to tbe captame of tbe caficll , euerp man a cbekin, 
 tohicb is feuen (billings ano ttoo pence Qerling.&o tben toe bao a neto garb of fouloiers, ano lefc 
 tbeotber, 
 
 ^ije Ij-uife toe loogeb in at Rama {jab a oco je fo loto to enter into , ttjat 3! teas fatne to crerpe 
 in,as it toere bpon mp knees .^toitbin it are tb?ee roomes to looge trauellers tbat come tljat teap: 
 tbere are no bcos, eccept a man bttp a mar, ano lap it on tbe grounu.tbat is all tbe p jouittoii, toitlj- 
 out floolcs oi benches to fit bpon. Our birtuals teere b jougljt Us out of tlje to tone, as Ijcnnes, 
 egges, b^eaD, great tto?e of fruit e , as pomgranates, figges, grapes, ojinge jf, ano fuclj like, an& 
 D^inke toe &?ueoutcftbe toeiu ^Ijc to tone it felfe is fo ntinateo, tfoac 31 take it rather to be a 
 be ape of fionestljena totone. 
 •Cljen tbe nert moping toe t bottgb t to baue gone atoap,but toe conic not be permitteo tljat bap, 
 fo rue fiapeb tljere till ttoo of tbe cloche tlje nert moaning, ane then teitij a frcfij garo of fouloicns 
 toe oeparteb totoaro lerufaiem. We Ijao not riooe Sue CngliQj miles , but toe teere incountrers 
 toitlj a great number of tlje Arabians, toljo fiapeb bs,anD teoulD not futfet bs to pafie till tljep ban 
 fometoljat, fo it coitus fo; all our garo aboue ttoentie fijillings aman bcttotrt loppa ano Ierufa. 
 km, ■e.ljefe Arabians troubled us oftentimes, 2Dur "Eructjinan tbat papeo tbe moncp fo; bs 
 teas flnfien ootone,ano bab Ijis beao broken becaufe be tooulD not gittc tljem as irntcb as tfjcp af< 
 keo : ano tljep tljat fljoulo baue refcueo botlj rjim ano bs, ftooo Gill, ano ourfi coe nothing, tobicb 
 toastoottrcofi, 
 
 Being come tottljtn fight of lerufaiem, the maner is to kneelc Dotone, anogiue (Sob tljankcs, 
 tljat it Ija tlj pleafeo Ijtm to b;tng bs to that bolp place toljcre be bimfclfe fjao beene : ano tljere tee 
 Ieaue our bo;fes, ano go on foote to tbe toton e,ano being come to tbe gates, tljere tljep tooke one 
 names ,ano our fathers name s,ano fo tee teere permitteo to go to our lobgings, 
 
 ^hc gouemo; of tbe Ijoufe me t bs a mile out of tlje toteue,ano berp cttrteoufip baoe bs all tocl= 
 come, ano brought bs to the monafierie. Clje gates of tlje citie are all couereo teitb p?on, tlje en- 
 trance into tlje boufe of the Ch;i(h'ans is aberp loto $ narrote ooo;e, barreo o; plateo teitb P?on, 
 ano then come tee into a berp cache entrp: tbe place is a monaftcrp: tljere tee lap, 9 oieteo of free 
 r ou\tee fareo reatbnable torll, tije bjeao ano bine teas erceUent gooo, the chambers cleaned alt 
 
 the 
 
 <3tC00VlB of 
 thecutl^Ara- 
 biins. 
 
 HionrriuAR 
 
 mtftcngOtof 
 
 lerufilcm. 
 
Laur.Alderfej. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 15^ 
 
 tljc meat nidi feruco in, \uitt) cleane lumen. 
 
 We Iapat tlje monaflcne ttoa Dapcs, frioap ano fatttroap,ant> then ujctocat to Bethfcm toitb 
 tvuo 0} tt)?ceof the friers of tljc bottfc toitb ds : in tljc map thither luc fato manp niDni'.mcnts , as: 
 
 C|jc mountatne toljere tljc an jell toofcc i>p Abacuck bp tljc Ijaire, ano bjouofat htm to Daniel ^"^Td 
 tuftjc lions Dcnnc. abominayciri 
 
 tJLbefoutitatncoftbepjopbctleremie. ■ - ■ 
 
 %\)t place tobcre tl;c toifc men met that toent to Bechlem to toojfljip Ctyift , tobcre is a fomi* 
 tatneofttone. 
 
 jBcing come to Bechlem toe fatoe the place toljere Chjitt toas borne , tobicb is nolo a rljappcll 
 toitb ttoo altars, toljcrntpon tljep fap mafic t tljc place is built toitb grap marble , ano bath bene 
 beautifull, btit noto it is partlp oecapco. 
 
 , JScere thereto is the fcpulcb?e of the innocents flattie bp Herod.tlje fepulcljjcs of Paul,ofIe- 
 rome,anD of Eulcbius. 
 
 aifo a litle from cljis monaCcrte is a place bnoer the grouno , toljere the uirgme Mary abooe 
 toitb Cbjifttoben Herod fougbtbim to neflropbim. 
 
 We flapeo at Bechkm that nigljr, anti tlje nert cap toe toent from rfjence to tljc mountatne? of 
 Iudea, toljicb are about eight miles from Ierufalem, toljere are tlje ruinesof an oloc monaflcrie. 
 jntbemiDtoap from tlje monaQeric to Ierufalem is tlje place toljere Iohn Baptilt toas bojne, 
 being noto an oloemonallcric, ano cattell&eptin it. SUb a mile from Ieruialem tea place caileD 
 Inuentiofan&a:cmcis,tohere tlje toooo toas founo that maoe the crofTe, 
 
 3In tlje citieof Ierufalem toe fato the ball UJljerePilatfateintuogcment toijcnCljjta toas con* 
 bemneo, tlje (laires tohercof are at Rome , as tljep tolo bs. 9 litle from tljence is tlje (joufc tobere 
 thetorgin Mary toas borne. 
 
 •©here is alfo tlje pii'cin a oj filbpoolc toljere tlje ficke folkes toerc healeo , toljiclj is bp tlje toaljj 
 of Ierufalem, ^uttljepooleisnoto o?p, 
 
 ©jc mount of Caluaria is a great cburcb.ano toitljin thcuooje therof.tohicb is Iitle,ano barren 
 toitb p jon,ano fiuc great Ijoles in it to looke in,like tlje holes of tatterne ooo?es in Londoiijtbcp fit 
 that are appointee to reccmc oucmonep toitb a carpet bnoer ttjem upon a banke of done , 9 their 
 legs a crolie like tailojs ; bauiug paio our moncp ,toe arepermittco to go into tlje cburcb;rigbc 
 againd tlje church ooo?e is tlje graue toljere Cljjitf toas butieo, toitb a great long tone of tobtte 
 marble ouer tt, ano rapleo about,tlje outfiDe of tlje fepulcb?e is ucrp fouic, bp meancs that euerp 
 man ferapes Ijis name ano marke upon it, ano is ill kept, 
 
 <IOitbin tlje fcpulcbjeis a partition, f in tljc further part thereof is a place like an altar.tohere 
 tljep Cap maCe, ano at tlje Doo?e thereof is the flone toljereupon tlje 3ngell fate tohen be fapoe to 
 Marie, He is rifen, tohicb ttone toas alfo rotolco to the oooje of the fepulcbje, 
 
 QDtje altar Cone toitbin the fcpulcbje is of tobite marble,, tlje place able toconteinebutfoure 
 perlons.rigljt ouer thefepulclj?eisaDeuifeo?Ianttrnefojligljt,ano ouer thata great louer,fucfj 
 asarein England in ancient boufes. 'EljcrcisalfotljccljappclIoftIjefepulclj?e,anDintbemi'j)S 
 tbeteofisacanopicasittocreofa b£5,toitfj a great fojtofCfinugecgges hanging at it, toith 
 t alfels of Hike ano lampes, 
 
 TBehmac tlje fepulcbje is a litle cljappell fo? tlje Chaldeans anu Syrians, 
 
 Slpon the right hand comming into the cljurclj is the tombe of Bald wine king of France , ano 
 of his fonnc : ano in tbe fame place the tombe of Mekhifedech, 
 
 Cbece is a cbappcllalfo in the fame cljurcb erecten to S».Helen,th?ougb tohicbtoe go bp to the & Hdem (I)a5 
 place toljere Cljjifl toas crucifieo: the Cap?es areftftie Ceps higl) 5 tljcre are ttoo altars in it jj be- pen. 
 fo?c tlje high altar is tlje place toljere tlje crofle flooo, tlje Ijole to^ercof is trimmeo about toitlj ixb 
 uer,atto tljc Depth of it ts Ijalfc a mans arme oeepe : the rent alfo of tlje mountatne is there to be 
 fcenr in the ctcuts, tohcrcin amanmapput bis armr, 
 
 (Upon tlje otljer fioe of tlje mount of Caluarie is the place toljere Abraham tooulo haue facri* 
 ficco Ijis fonne. cohere alfo is a cbapell, ano tljc place paueo toitb Bones of ciuers colours. 
 
 ■SDljere is alfo the boufe of Annas tbe high WiR , ano the ©liue tree tohereunto Ch?ifl toas 
 bouno toljenbe toas toljipt. 9lfo tljcljoufe of Caiphas.ano bp ittlje p?ifon toljete Ch?ifltoas kept, 
 tobiclj is but tljc roome of one man, ano Ijatlj no ligbt but tljc opening of tlje ooo?e. 
 
 ([Without Ierufalem in tlje uallp of Iofaphat is a cljurclj tower the grotmo, like to the fb jouds 
 in Pauls,tohcrc the fepulch?e of the birgin Mary is:tlje Caires beberp b?oao , ano upon the flaires 
 going ootonearettoo fcptilclj?cs: bpon the left batio lietlj Iofaphat, ano bpon t^e right hanolieth 
 Iojchim ana Anna, tljc fatbej ano mother of tlje birginMary. 
 
 ©oingotitof tljcuallep of Iofaphat me came to mount fflliuet, toljere €1)0 p?aico bntoljis 
 father befojebig oeatfo: ano t(jere is to be fecne (as thep tolDe me)tbc toater gt blooo that fell from 
 
 She 
 
 II J i - ■ I . j ' I 
 
r 
 
 
 Tripolis in Syria. 
 
 SalinJ. 
 
 MHagb A tD&Jll 
 lit Cyprus. 
 
 154. The Englifh Voyages ? Nauigations., Laur.Alderfey. 
 
 tljc epes of <£b?ik a licleljigljer opon tlje fame mount is tlje place tobere tlje Spoillcs licpt.ano 
 
 loatcljeoiujt.att^cfootoftljemotmt is Replace lubcreC!)?ttttta5impjtfijnE£). 
 Upon tbe mountaine a!fo is tbe place toljerc £bjift fiooo tofcen lje tocpt oucr Ierufalcm , ar.o 
 
 tobere be afcenoco iuto beauen. 
 Sis Bep«rtna j3oto bauing fcene all tljcfc monuments, 3! toitb mp companp fct from lerufalem, tljc 20 cap 
 um. 1 ltn ' fa * of 8ugu& > an0 came a S ain£ t0 Io PP a tl)e 22 of $ e famc inoneti J . tobere lure teohe flipping 
 
 p?efentlp foj Tripolis ,ano in foureoapestoe came to Mecinatbe place tobere tbe {bins lie tbat 
 
 COIUZ foj Tripolis, 
 
 ■Slje citte of Tripolis is a mile ano a Ijalfe toitljin tbc Iano, fo tliat uo flu'p can come furtljer tljcn 
 Mccina: fo tljatnigbcj came t^itljecuitjerc 2 lap nine DaicBfo?pa(Tagc,;mD at lafi toe unbarittD 
 outfeIuesinapooujipofVcniceCfIleDtbenetoNaueRagafona.CSicenti:eDtbcft;iptbefeconB 
 of September, tlje fotirtb toe fet faile, tbe fcucntb toe came to Salim , tobicb is 1 40 miles front 
 Tripolis: tljete toe if apeo fottre oapes 1 take in moje lacing , in toljiclj mcane tune 3 fell fickc of 
 an ague, but rccoucreo againe, 31 p jaife *DoD. 
 
 Salina is a ruinateo citie,ano toas oeflropeo bp tbe &urkc ten peeres pafl : tbc re are in it noto 
 but feuenteene perfons, toomenaiiDcluliijen, aiitle from tbis citic of Salina isafait piece of 
 gtottno, tobere tlje toater grotoetb fait tbat rainetb Upon it, 
 
 Cljurfoap tlje 2 1 of <§>eptember,toe came to Miflagh,$ tbere toe ftaptoeigbt oapes fojourla* 
 oing :tbei 3 of September before toe came to Miflagh,aniitoitbin ten miles of tbetotone.astoe 
 lap at an anker,bccaufe tlje totnoe toas contrarp, tljere came a great boat full of men to boo io bs, 
 tbep maoc an ercufe to feetie fo? foucc men tobicb (tbep fain) our fljtp bao taken f com theirs about 
 Tripolis, but our captaine tooulo not fuffet anp of tbem to come in to Vis. 
 
 "Stbenert morning tbep came to us againe toitb a great galIp,manneo toitlj 5 00 men at p lealf, 
 toljereupon our captaine fent tbeboat to tbem toitb ttoeluementomiototl;eirpIeafure:tbepfaio 
 tbep fougljt fo? 4 men ; anD tbcrfo?e tooulo talke toitb out maittcr.fo tljen tlje maittcrs mate toas 
 fent tbem,ano bim tljep fcept.ano toent tbeir toaptthe nert morning tljcp came againe toitb bim>$ 
 toitlj tbjee otbet gallies,ano tljm tooulo nceocs fpeabe toitb our captaine,tobo toent to tbem in a 
 gotone of crimfon oamaf&e.ano ortjeroerp b?aueapparelI 3 ano fiue 0? lire otber gentlemen ticljip 
 apparelled a! fo.^bt p rjauing tbe Curhs fafe ror.ouct, flic toes it to tbe captaine ofttje gallies,ano 
 laio it opou bisbcao, charging bim to obep it : fo toitb mud; aooe,ano toitb tbe gift of 1 00 pieces 
 of golDe toe toere quit of tbem, ano ban our man againe, 
 
 ■Sbat cap as afo?efaio,toe came to Miffagh,ano tbere Sapeo eigbt oapes, ano at IaQ cepatteo 
 totoatos Candie, toitlj a fcant totnne. 
 
 ^be 1 1 nap of ©ctober toe toere boojoeo toify foure gallies, marmeo toitb 1 200 men,tobicb 
 alfb maoc a flceuclelTc atrant,anti troubleoos Oerp mucb,but our captaine* pafpojt,ano tljc gift of 
 1 00 cbefcins oifcbacgeo all, 
 
 ^be 27 of ©ctober toe pafleo bp Zante toitb a merrie toinDe,tlje 19 bp Corfu.ano tbe tbiro of 
 53oucmbet toe arriueo at lftria,ano tbece toe left our great ftjip,ant> toohe fmail boates to tying 
 iJS to Venice. 
 
 Cbep of jaouember 31 arttueD again at Venice ingooDbealtlj.tobcrea aaieo nineoaies.ano 
 tlje 2 5 of tbe fame monetb 31 came to Augufla, ano ttaieo tbere but one oap, 
 
 ^,lje 27 of jftouembec 31 fet totoatos Nuremberg tobere 31 came tbe 2p,ano tbere ffaieo till 
 tlje 9 of December , ano toas Oerp toell interteineo of tbe Cnglrnj marcbants tbere : ano tbe gc 
 utrnojs of tbe totone fent me ano mp companp ftrteene gallons of excellent gooo toine. 
 
 .fromtbence3|toenttoFrankford,fromFrankfordtoCollen,fromCollcnto Arnam,front 
 Arnam to Vtrcight, from VtreighttoDort, from DorttoAntwerpe,fromAmwcrpctO Flu* 
 (hin g , from Flufhing to London, tobere 31 arriuco bpon Ctoclfe eue in fafetie, ano gatte tban W 
 to (Soo,bauing finiu;eo mp ioutnep to Ierufalcm ano ^mz againe , in tbe tpace of nine monetb* 
 anoSueoapes. 
 
 The paiTeport made by the great Maiftcr of Malta vnto the Eng-. 
 
 lilhmen in the barke Rdynolds. 1582. 
 
 Rere Hugode LouheHxVtrdaU , Dei gratia facn domus hofpitalis fancli Io- 
 annis HieroJolymitani magifler huinilis,pauperumq; Iefu Chrifti cuflos, vni- 
 uerfis & fingulis principibus ecclefiafticis & (ecularibus, archiepifcopis, epif- 
 copis,ducibus,marchionibus,baronibus,nobilibus,capitaneis,vicedominis, 
 
 prsefe6bs,caftcllanis, admiralijs, & quibufcunque trii emium vel alionim na- 
 uigiorum pattonis,acciuitatumreftoribus, poteftaubusac magiftratibus, 
 
 c«tcrilque 
 
 Cjrjit, 
 
 Zmtc 
 
Ta/fep. of Malta. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 cztcnlquc officialibus, & quibulcunque perfonis cuiuiuis dignitatis, gra<jus , Itatus & condi- 
 tionis fuctintjvbilibet locotum & terrarum conftitutis, falutem. 
 
 Notum facimui&inverbo vcritacis attcitamur, cot*? nelmefe di A'fiiggio projfime paflatole 
 noUrc gitlere vennero cUlvtaggio di Barberia,doue bauendo mandatoper foccorrere a vn galtonetto 
 de Cbrtfttani che hauea dato trauerfo in quelle parti, effendo arriuati fopra queHa ifola alia parte de 
 p orient e trouarono vna naue Ingle fa, fopra cargo de ejfa il magnifico Giouanni Keale, & Dauid Filly 
 patrono,volendo la reconofcere che naue fojfe ,kan viflojchcfe metteua in ordmeper defenderfi \dubt~ 
 tanda che dette noflregalerefojfero de intmici: &per che vn marinaro rittottofe contra la volonta de 
 detti magnifico Giouam Keale & Dauid Tilly , habbi tirato vn tiro di artiglieria verfo vna de dette 
 galere, cj-cbe non fe amangnaua la vela de la Maieftra fecondo la volonta de detti magmfico Gio- 
 vanni Keale & DauidFtlly patrono,furimenfata delta naue nel 'pre feme general porto di Malta, fe- 
 condol'ordine delvenerando Generale de dette galere,& effendo quajnonfignor Inquifitore ha impe- 
 dita quelle: per coma del fanElo officio, Qrfldtede parte alia famitadi noflroflgnor Gregorio papaxiit, 
 A Itifnfu licenciataperandarjcne alfuo viaggio. Han donq^httmilmente fuppltcato detti mavnifi- 
 co Giouanni Keale &, Dauid Filly per nome & parte delli magnifici Edrvardo Ofbornfenatore & Ri- 
 chardo S taper mercbanti Ingle fidella nobile cut a di Londra.dr anco di Thomafa Wilkmfon fcrtuano, 
 piloti, nochcri,& marinari,gli volejfimo dare le noflre letlere patente&faluo condutto,accioche po- 
 tranno andare & ritornare quadogli par era commodo con alcana roba & mercantia a loro benuifla: 
 ficome noi, effendo cofagiutta & che retornera commodaanottra relligione gr a quejli forrefliert,per 
 tenor de liprefintifegli habiamoconceffe con leconditionefero infra ybvfte. videlicet: 
 
 Cbe ogni volt a che detti mercadantt con fipradetta naue o con altra non porter anno mercantie de 
 contra bandog- che condor a perfede authentic a epcon lettcrepatente defantta,poteran liber almen- 
 te viBualtarfe de tutte le v'ttluarie necejfarie, & praticarein quefla ifola & dorninijj&poipartirfene 
 & feguire fuo viaggio per doue voleffcro in leuante o altroue , come tutti altri vafellt & fpecialmente 
 de Francefigr altri nationi,& di vender e gr comprare qualfivoglia mercantia a loro benuiHa, 
 
 Item,chepoteraportarepoluere decanone&dt archibufo,falnitro, carbont di petra rofett astati- 
 ne de rame,fiagno,acciale,ferro,carife'e commune,telagroffa biancaperfartende de galere,balle de 
 ferro de calibro,vstre de molinofine,arbore & antenne de galere, baftardi $• alteri. Et in conclufione, 
 hauenda vtUo che loro per il tempo che rettarano qua,fiportorno dafideli & Catholici Chrifliant , ($• 
 che fua fanilita babbia trouato bono ilfaluo condutto del gran Turks a loro conceffo, per iltimor d'ella 
 armata Turkefca $• di altri vafelli de tnimici, inberendo alia volonta difitafanElita,& maffme per 
 che bauera de andare &paffare per diner ft locbi& tanto lontani come Ingilterra, Flandra ,er tutti 
 parti di ponente,& in a krone, a noi haparfofarle le prefente noflre Utterepatente come fidele conuer- 
 falore noftro , acciopiu fecuramente & fen fa obflaculopofja andare (fr ritornare quando li par era con 
 delta naue o con alire,a loro benuifla. Per tantodonque tuttitfr ciafcun di voi fudetti affeUuofa- 
 mentepregamo,cheper qualfi voglia de voUra iurifditione,alla quale detto magnifico (fwuani Keale 
 & "Dauid Fdly a nome quofupra con la naue & marinari de detti loro principal/ o altri cafchera,naui- 
 gare, paflare, er venire ficuramente, alia libera, fenfa alcuno difturbo oaltro impedimenta It lafciate, 
 & facciate lafciare flare, efr paflare, tornare, & quando li parerapartire ,talmente che per amore & 
 eontemplatione noflra il detto magnifico Giouanni Keale anome quofupra con le naue, marinari, & 
 mercantia non habbi difliculta,faftidio & ritentione alcma,anz,ife gli dia ogni agiuto crfauore,cofa 
 degnadi voi } giufla, & a noi grat'tflima,de recompenfaruila con vguale & maggior feruitio, quando 
 dalt occafione nejaremo rechiefli. Etfinalmente commandammo a tutti &qualft voglia relligioft 
 Cr fiati de noflra relligione di qualfivoglia codittone ,grado rffftato cbeJiano,& a tutttriceuitori & 
 procurator't nittri in tutti & qual ft 'voglia prior ati nofiri deputati & deputandi in verttfdi fanta obe- 
 dientia,& atuttinoflrivafla\li& alia giurifditione di noflra relligione foggetti,che in tale & per tale 
 tenghino & reputino it detto magnifico Giouanni ULcale a nome vtfupra,naue,marmari i & mercan- 
 tia, fenfa permittere, che nel detto fuo viaggio, o in alcun altro luogofia moleflato , o in qualfivoglia 
 manera impedtto,anxi tutte le cofefue cr negottj loro flan da voi agtoutati & continuamente fauoriti. 
 In cuius rei teflimonium "Bulla noflra magiflralit in cera nigraprafentibm eft imprejfa, Dat£ (JHe- 
 lita in conuentu noflra die duodecimo Msnfis lultjt i s 8 z. 
 
 The fame in Englifih. 
 
 FlRier Hugo of Loubeux Verda!a,bp tbe grace of <$oD,maffcr of tfje (jolpljoufe^^e Ijofpt'tal of 
 S.Iohn at Icrufakm.anti an (jumble fteepet of tfoepooje of Jcfus <£l>ji& 5 to all % euerp p?ince 
 EccIenafi!cal$fccular,arc!)l)iujops,bt(l)op!3 > Dukcs ) ^arquefei3,'l5aroBs J Capteines i JtliccIo?t!S J 
 ^ato^Caflellanes, QomiralMnDtofoatfoeueryatroiteof ©altos, o? other greater (bippes, 
 anogoturnoj8ofritteiE!,potentatcsantimagittrateM«''otf)eroffi«risa«fiyerfoni3icu|jatfoetier, 
 
 of 
 
 155 
 
I5<5 TheEnglifti Voyages^Nauigations, Taflep. of ~ Malta. 
 
 oftuljat oignitie, Degree, ttateanDconDitionfoeuer t&epbe , Duelling in all places anolanoes, 
 greeting, X 
 
 ZS!ie make it knoume, ano in thetoo p of trutb Do n)itneffe,tbat in the monetb of SjDap lad pafl, 
 our gallies tame on tljebopage from Barbarie , luljere batting commanoement to fuccour a little 
 (hip of the C^itttans robicb teas Dn'ucn oucr into that part , being arrmeD upon tbis 31 lano on the 
 (KKett part tljep fottno one Cngliftj (hip bnoer tbe cbarge of the toojujipfull lohn Keele , ano Da- 
 uid Fillic matter : ano our men toilling to knoro tobat Qjfp it toas, tbep feemeo to put tbcmfeluest 
 in o?Der fo? their Defence, Doubting that tbe fato our gallies toereof tlje enemies, $ therefore one 
 manner attempteo tontrarpto thenrillof tbetoojujipfull lohn Keele, ano Dauid Filiie mat* 
 tter,anD Ijao (hot off a piece of artillerie againfi one of t be faiD gallics , ano becaufe (be tooulD not 
 ftrike amaine bcr faple , acceding to tbe taill of tbe faiDe too?(ijipfull lohn Keele ano Dauid 
 Fillie matter, tbe faiD (bip bias bjougbt backe againebnto tbe patent pojt of Maka.accojDing to 
 tbe o?Der of tbe reuercnD generallof tbe faiD gallies : ano inbeing tbcre,maitter 31nquifuoj flaio 
 it bpautljojitie of tbe bolp office, anD in tbat bebalfebp tbe bolineifeof our JLo^d pope Gtegorie 
 tbe tbirteenth.in tlje enouiasIiccnccD to Depart on berbopage, ^Eljeptberefoje tbe faiDtoojffcip* 
 full lohn Keele ano Dauid Fillie, in tljC name atlD be^alfe of tlje DJOJlTupfull matter Eward Of- 
 borne aioerman, awo Richard Scaper , Cngliftj marcbants of tlje noble citie of London , Ijaue 
 IjttmblpbcfougbttogctbertoitbThomasWilkinlbntbepurfer^ilots.mattfranDmatinerg.tbat 
 toe ttouto giue our letters patents, anD Cafe conoucts, tbat tljcp migbtgoeanDreturne,tobcn 
 tbepmallfeeoppojtum'tte,toitb tbeir gooDSauD mercljanDi?cs at tbeir pleafure; tobcreupon 
 tlje thing fecmingbntobs iutt, ami tbat it might be fo? tbe p^ofiteof our religion, ana of thefe 
 ttrangcrs^ptljetenojof tljcfe patents toe banc grantee tbe fame totbem: pet, n>itb tlje con* 
 Bitions bcrcunoer nijittcn. viz, 
 
 ®bat etterp time tljcfaiD marcbants of tbe faiD ffcip.o? toitlj anp ctbcr.ujall not bji'ng fuclj mar* 
 cbmtDijeasisfojbtDDen, ano that bpfufftcicnt proof e ano letters ttttimcniaU it appcaretb that 
 tbep are free from tlje infections of tbe plague, tbep map bictualltljcmfcluestoitb ail neceffa* 
 rie bictuals , ano traffikettitlj bs, ano in trjis JlanD ano Dominion, ano afttrniaroe map Depart 
 ano follom tbeir bopage nibitber tljep will into tbe leuant 0} clfc where , as all otber beffels, 
 ana efpeciallp of France ano other nations do, ano fell ano bnp tobatfoeuer marcljanDi?e tljcp Ibal 
 tljinkegooD, 
 
 3Jtem,tljat tljep map bjingperoDerfoj cannon anDljarquebuuj,faltpeeter, cole of ji2ctocattle, 
 plates of lattin,tinne,ttecle,p?on,coiiion barCcs roIjite,courfc canuas to mane faile foj tbegallies, 
 ballcs of pjon fo? ujot.tme milttones,trecs fr mails fo? gallies, litlc ano otfjers.ano in conclufion, 
 bauing fecnetbat tbep foj tbe time of tbeir abooe Ijere , did bebaue tbemfelues Ukc faithful! ano 
 catljolike Cbjittians,? that Ijisljolines batballotoeDtljc fafeconouctof tlje great -Ciirke to tljem 
 granteD fo jfcare of tbe &urkifij armie, ano otljcr beffels of tbe cnemie, fubmittingour felues to 
 tljepleafurcsofbisbolineffe, ano efpeciallp becaufe our people Ijatte occatton to paffebpoiuers 
 places fofarreoff.asEngland.Flanders.anD all parts COeftttarDS, ano in otljcr places, we Ijaue 
 boucljfafeD to make tbefe our Utters patents , as our faitljfull affifiattt, fo as mo;e furelp , ano 
 Without let tbep map go ano returne When tbep (ball tljinke gooD.Uiitb tbe fafo ftyp o) toitlj otbers 
 at tljeit pleafure . Wit tberefoje p?ap all snD etterp of pour fubiects effectuailp tbat bp tobat part 
 foeuerofpouriucifDiction,bntotbettibiclj tIiefaiDb)o?fbipfull lohn Keele ano Dauid Fillie up 
 name abouefaiD,Uiitb tbe fbip anD mariners of tlje faiD p jmcipail place a\ otber, (ball batte acceffe, 
 faile,? paffe,anD come lafelp toitlj libertie tnitbout anp Dittutbance 0} otber imperiment, tbat pon 
 giue leaue,ano caufeleaue to be giuen tljat tbep mapparfe,ttapanDrcturne,anDnibfn tljrp plcafe, 
 Depart,in fuch fo?t, tljat fojourlotte $ contentation tlje faiD toojUjipfuII lohn Kcele,Ui:tb tkeffctp 
 ano mattnecsbaue no let,binDerancc,o? retention.alfo tbat pou giue all belpe ano fauour, a tljinj 
 rooubp of pour iutt ice, ano to bs mott acceptable, to be recompenceo Uutb equall ano greater fee 
 uice, toben bpon occaGon it fbalbe rcquireo, 
 
 9no finallp,Uie commano all,auDUibat£beucr religious peoplc,anD bjotbers of our religion,of 
 niljatfoetitr conoition , Degree, anD ttate tbep be, ano all otljcr receiucrs anD pjocuratojs, in all 
 anc Uiljatfoeucr our pjiojies oeputeD , anD to be Deputeo bp bettue of tbe bolp obcDience, ano all 
 our people, anD all tbat are fubtect to tbe iurtfoiction of our religtcn,tljat in, ano bp tbe fame tbep 
 bolo, ano repute tlje faiD roojujipfull lohn Keele in tbe name as aboucfaio,tbe ftjip, mariners,ano 
 marcl;ano^e,n)itboutletin tbe fame tljeirbopage, o?inanpotbcrplace, tbat tljcp be not mble-- 
 Ceo , no j in anp toife binDereo, but tbat in all tljetr caufes ano buftneffe tljcp be cf poubolpcn.anu 
 furtbereocontinuallp, 3ntoitneiretobereof,ourieale of gouernmentisimpjeffeDto tbefe p?e* 
 fencs tn blacke mare, <3wn at Malta in our Conue-nt.tlje t toelfcb of tbe monctl; of 33 ulpjin tlje 
 peere 1582, 
 
 The 
 
Ai-MffLHtrborne.. TrafBques,and Difcoueries 
 
 t '57 
 
 The Queenes Commifllon vnder her great ieale,co herferuant 
 matter Wilh&M Hareborne, to be her maidliesAmbafladouror Agenr^ 
 inthe partes of Turkic, i y %2i 
 
 ■ ■ ■ ■■' ■ . ' '.•''.. ■ 
 
 LIZ ABETHAjDeioptimiMaximi, conditoris, &rcftorisvhidcIe- 
 mentiajAnglia;,Francia? J & Hibernian Regina.,yeraE fidei contra Idololacras 
 fallo Chriliinomen profitcntesinuic-ta&potentillirnapropugnatrix vni- 
 uerriSj&fingulisprajicnteshasliterasyifuris^infpedkriSjralutem, Cum 
 auguftiiTtmus i & inuietiflimus princqp$ 3 Zuldan Murad Can, Turcici reoni 
 Dominacorppcentidingus.impcrii'queOriencisMonareha, fceduSjamici- 
 tiamquenobVcumpercuflerit,iuraucritque, (quamrios perpetuis futuiis 
 tcmporibuy,quantumin.iTObiscrir inuiolateferuaredeliinar^us)adeamqucmagisorn3n,damj 
 illuftrandamque conceflericidem augutttflimus Imperator fubditis noftris liberam fuas mer- 
 cesexcercendirationem in omnibus Murulmanici imperii fui partibus, cum i am ampla priui- 
 fcgiorum cpncelfione,quita alijs bonis pnncipibus/ocijsjcVfcederatisn^lbislargitus e(t,quo- 
 tumprkiilegiorumdonacioncinnosgratam, acccptamquehabcntes, pari cum animi graticu- 
 dineco]erecenwnhabemus,deliberatumque,nihilinvotisflabentcspotius, quam bonorum 
 erga nosprinc ipum animosbeneuelos bonoratidima meritc ibuerc, ptomeijerique : Sciacis, 
 nos de fingulari erga nq$,obfequiumque noftrum, fide, obferuantia, prudentia, & dexterii a;c 
 piultum nob?sch3riGuiIielmiHareborne,ecuftodibus corporis noftriynius, plurimOm con- 
 fidentes,eumOtatorein,Nur)tiiim,Procuratoreni, & Agentem noiirum ccftum & indubita- 
 «um prdinamuSjfacimuSj&conftituimuSjperprajfentes : dances ei,&cqncedentes potefta.tem; 
 & authoritatern,nomine nofiro,& pro nobis prsediclu am'icit.ia' fcedusconflm;andi, priuiiegi- 
 orum conccflionem in maous fuas capiendi, ratamque hab;endij omnibus & finguhs fubditis 
 noftris, Mufulmanicis oristem'fque negotiantibus,pro Maieftatis noftra? authoritateprarcipi- 
 endi, mandandique,vt tint in fuis commercijs, quamdiu, quotiefquecum Manfulmanicis ver- 
 fantUF,di$cirumpruuIegic*umpr^fcriprc^ 
 
 quiacanca amicitiadignafecomponentes.acin delinqucntcs in fcedus noftrum iuftitj'am exe- 
 quatur- Poteftacerri,&authoriratemei damns in omires, cVfinguIosfUbdirasnoftros in qui- 
 bufcunque & locis,& partibus Mufulmanici Imperij dominationi fubie&is ncgotiantes, con- 
 fiicuendi emporiorum fuorum fedes, in quibus voluerit j»prtiibus J & ciuitatibus, in alijs vetan- 
 di,in conftitutis autem empqriorum fedibus, confules curaqdi,Ieges praceptionefque ferendi, 
 condendique^quarum exprarfcripto didtinqftri fubditi,&eorum quilibetfefepublice ) & priua- 
 timgerant,eorumviolatorescorrigendi,caftigandi'q;,omnia;denique&fingulafaciendi,,per- 
 implendid 1 uc ) qua:addi$arumfubditorumnoftrorum honeftamgubernatiohem,&commer- 
 cij exercendi in illis partibus rationem pertinent: promittentes bona fide, &_in verbo Regio, 
 nosratum,gratum,&finnum habituras,qua:cunque difius Orator, & Agens nofter, a legibqs 
 noftris non abhorrentia in prsmidis aut prarmiflbrum ali quo fecerit. In cuius rei tcftimoniums, 
 has lirerasnoftras fieri fecimuspatentes, & figilli noftri imprefilone iuflimusniuniri. Datum e 
 ca(lronoftroWindeforis,20i dieMenfisNouembris, Anno Iefu Chrifti 1582. regniyero 
 noftri, viccfimo quarto* 
 
 - 
 tuifioi 
 
 
 The fame in Engliffi; 
 
 . . . 
 
 ' '. 
 
 
 . '■ 
 
 . - 
 
 ■ : 
 
 iffi. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 url gin i 
 
 -, 
 
 ELizabeth, tip ttje ctemencie of trje moft gooo arm mofl great (Soti.tfje onlp crfcatoj ana goiter* 
 nour of all things, HuecneofEngland,France,anB Ireland, inuincible, aiwmoQnugljti'e 
 Bcfenoet of ft)e true faitlj.apiHtt all 3lDolater& falflp pjofeffino; trjc name of Cfjiiff, to all an.fj fiip 
 guler perforiB,to lul;ofe figljt and iitcto tljefe onr p?e fent letters map tome,p;re£ting t <mi;er east 
 tlse mofl renoiumerj.anomoftttuttnctulep^rtce Zuldan Murad Can,ttje moll mlgljtp puernottn 
 Bf tljc kingoomof Turkie,anu sponarclj of tije Call €mptre,ljatb encerco into league ano frieno? 
 fttptottl>W,(trjvjtcbtoefo?ourpart,asmncl)nsl!etijitiHS,i3o 
 
 to tope trt all times to come) ano tnrjereas fbi trje better countenancing anc autbojijing of tije 
 fame, tljeto?efapiirenotoineD®mperourl)atrjgratmtetil)ntoourfubiccts freclibrrtte of traf* 
 fiqtte.iH ali tije partes of his facreo Cmpire.mitl) as ample ano large a grant of piiutlrgcs, as is 
 giucnto otber goon 13jincesourneigl)bdurs ann confeoerates, tije grant of totitclj pjiuilcgcs, 
 toe taking tierp trjanfefullp, ano acceptablp, are certainelp, ano tlj?BU5ljlp ceterminet) to fccepe 
 auD mainetaine,tottvj trje like gooonefTe anc cuctcfte of minrje, nefiring notliing mojc, tljen toitfj 
 an honourable refpect to nouriflj, anD Defcrue toe beneuolent affections of gooo P;mccs totoara 
 ys : $\noto ge, tbattoje jinking toell, ano Ijauing gooo confioence in tlje lingular ttuasncfrc^ 
 
 O obeDic!ice,i 
 
158 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, M.JViLHarborne: 
 
 obeDience, toiteoome, ano DifjjoBtion of out uielbeioueo Ceruaunt William Hareborne, one of 
 t\;t € fquicrs of out bo o p jtotoarBs O0,ano our feruice, ooe op t Ijefe p ?cfcnt s.mafcc, ?caine ann 
 conttitute bun our true ano bnooubtcoQ^uojjCBclftngc^Dcputie, ano agent ♦ ©iuingano 
 granting Onto bim potter ano autbo jicie, in our name,ano foj bss.to confirme tb'e fojetato league 
 of frienoQrip , to tafte into bis banois,am> ts rat ifie tbe grant of tbe pjtuilegeg.ano to commauno, 
 ano entopnc bp tbeambojitteofotirJSatefli^ all ann lingular our&ubiertjs traoing anotiea* 
 lingtnanpoftbecoaftcsanofeingoomesoftbatCmpire * tbataslongastbeprcmaine in traf* 
 6que toitlj bte fubiects, tljcp be obeoient to tbe p jefcription ano ojeer of tbe fojefapo p jiutlege*, 
 applptng tbcmfelucs in all ttjtngs, ano tbjougb all tbings, to fueb ouctiea ano feruices as appcr« 
 taine to fo great a league ano frtenotbip, ano tbe offcnoers agapnS tljisi our league to receiue iu« 
 ttict, ano puniffjment accojoinglp, lajefurtbcr giue onto tint potter ano autbojitie ouer all ano 
 Cnguler our Subiecta, Dealing, ano ofing trafftque in anp place 0? part tobatfoeuer, fubtect ts 
 toe gouernement of ibat €mpire, to appoint tbe placesof tbeirtraffiques, in tobtt $auen oy 
 Cttie it fljall pleafe bim, ano topjobibiterbem from all otfjer places ano toberefoeuer tljeirtraf«> 
 fiqueuareappointcoto bee kept, tberc to mane ano create Confute 0} ©oucrnourg, to enact 
 Uws ano flaiutes, bp tlje bertue-ano teno? to&ereof all our ftnefapo fubie cts, ano euerp one of 
 tljem, ujallbotbpublifeelpanopjittatelpbfeanobeljaue tbrmfelueis, to correct ano puniflbtbe 
 bieaRerssoftbofelatuesi : anolaftof all,toooe ano fulfill all ano lingular tbings toljatfoeuer, 
 tobicb iball fceme requifite ano conuenient fo? tbe IjoneC ano ojoerlp gouemment of our faio fub* 
 iects,ano of tljemanerof tljeir trafftque tnttjofe part*. }j3?omtfingau"ureolp,ano in tbetocjo of a 
 pjince.tjjatttbatfoeuer fbailbeoone of our fapo ©jatoj ano agent,in alI,o?in anp of toe pjemif* 
 fes.not repugnant ano contrarp to our latoe&fball be accepteo, ratifieO.ano confirme bpos, 3!» 
 toitneflc lubereof.Die bauecaufeo tljcfe our letters to be maoe patents,ano our feale rijereunto to 
 beappenfeo, ©itien at our Caflle of SSBraofoje, tbeao.oapof jSouembcr, mtbepeereofCbi'tft 
 1582, ano of our raignetlje 24, 
 
 The Queenes Letter to the great Turke 1582. written in 
 
 commendation of Matter Hareborne, when he was 
 
 fene Ambafladour. 
 
 LIZABETH &c. Augufliflimoinui6tiflim6qucprincipi,&c. Cum ad 
 poftulatura noftrum Cxfarea veftra Maiefias, annofaluatoris noftri Icfla 
 1580. pacis fcedus nobifcum pepigerit, coniundum cum liberalifllma 
 priuilegiorum quorundam conccffionc , quorum beneficio fubdici noftri 
 cum omni fecuritate tutiflime liberri meque ad vniuer fas & fingulas MufuU 
 manici imperij veftri partes terra marique proficifci, iniifquc commcrcij ex- 
 ercendi °ratia, negotiari, habitarCj manere, exindeque ire &redire cum volcrrt quean t, ab ijs 
 qui fub Cifarca veftra Maicftate in magillratu funt vbique locorumprotegendi defendendi- 
 que fine vlla vel corporum,vel bonorum Ixlione : nos tantje concemonis beneMcium gratum 
 acceptumque habentes > quantum in nobis eft, approbamus conftrmamufquc: pollicentes in 
 vcrboregio.quod nos eandem pacem fine vlla violatione fartam te&amq; conferuabimus:fa> 
 ciemufq; vtfubditi noftri priuilegiorum fibiindultorum conceflloneita vtantur, vcCaefarcara 
 veftram Maieftatem niagnificentiftima: fuac liberalitatis nunquam pcenitere queat. Quoniam 
 autem concefllonis huius virtus in vfupotiusquam verbis, Maieftatis vtriu<q;noftrumlentcn* 
 tia, ponenda videtur.voluimus hunc mandatarium virum Guilielmum Hareborne, ex fatclliti- 
 bus quibus ad corporis noftri tutelam vtimur vnum, virum compluribus virtutibus ornatum 
 ad Cafaream veftram Maieftatem ablegare,qui turn nomine noltro vobis gratias agerct, turn 
 vt eius opera vteremur ad earn lubditorum noftrorum mercimoniorum rationem ftabiliedam, 
 tam in Impenali veftra ciuitate Conftantinopoli, quam alijs imperij veftri Mufulmanici locis, 
 qua: exprarfcripto priuilegiorumjCsEfarearveftriMaieftatisbenignitatCjConceditur, &<x vfu 
 fubditorum vtriiifq; noftrumerit . Ad quam rem quoniam opus illi erit Cxfarcz veftra: Maie- 
 ftatis authoritate, fummacontentione ab cadem rogamus, velit id agere apud omnes qui fub 
 fe in magiftratu funt.vt quibufcunq; poterunt melioribus modis huic noftro mandatario inCf- 
 farea: veftra: Maieftatis placito exequendo , adiutores lint & efle velint . Ei enim hanc curatn 
 demandauimus,in qua quam fidem fuam fit honefte liberaturus erga Maieftatem vtriulq; no- 
 ftru neutiquam dubitamus : cui etiam, vt in omnibus fint obtemperantes noftri fubditi, quan- 
 tum Cxfarea: veftra: Maieftatis concem"o patitur,volumus. Priterea,cum prxclarus vir Mufta- 
 fafacrxCajfarex veftra: Maieftatis Mufulmannorum interpres egregiam nauarit operam vt 
 hoc inter nos fcedus fieret , rogamus fummopere vt in noflram gratiam eum in Muftafaraca- 
 
 zum 
 
 Muftah inter- 
 p.o. 
 
' - I- .1.— J^— i^am-d>— fcj*^ 
 
 The QJetters, Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 *59 
 
 rum ordincmCaslareaveitraMaieftasrcciperedignctur. Si in his aliilque omnibus honcftis 
 caufishicnofteragcns fubditfq; noitri Imperatoria:vcftrxfublimitatisa:quanimitatemfen(e- 
 rint.florcbit inter has gentes nobile comrnercium,& nos omnibus officijs nuic veftrf Maiefta- 
 tis fauori & bcncuolcncis (fi vllarationc rebus veftriscommodarepoterimus) refpondereli- 
 bEntiiTime temper parata: erimus. Deus optimus maximus mundi opifex,&c. 
 • • ■ i , > ■ 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 ■■> . . i 
 
 ELizabeth bp tlje grace of the mofimigbtie (Sod ano onlp rreato? of rjcauen ano earth,ofEng- 
 land,France,ano Ireland £Uieene,the moft inuincible ano Jtiofi migljtp cefenoer of the C.h?t« 
 ft inri faitlj agaiufi all kiiio of ioolatrics of all that liue among the Chjitttans ano falllp pjofeffe tlje 
 name of Cbiitt.tmto the mottanuwiail ant> wo8 iuutnctble pjince.Sultan Murad Can„the mott 
 migljtp ruler of the ttingoom of ^urkic,fole aboue aH,anD mottfoueraigne Spouareb of tlje Call 
 Cmp!rc,grecting. 
 
 <Kibereas at our rcqpefl pour 3mperiaII Spaicflie in tlje peerc of our Sauiour 3]eftts .1 j 80. 
 Ijatlj enterea into a league of peace totth tosvaiijerettnto uws Dniteo a mod large $ bountiful grant 
 ofcertainepjiutleges, £p benefice urtjercofourfubieccg map tuith aHfecttritie moflfafelp ano 
 frcelp traucll bp ;%ca ano laittJ into all ano lingular parts i!f pour Sgufulmanlike empire, ano in 
 t!jc fame r perilling tljc trace of mercljanDtfe, map traffique,OU)elt, rcmaine.Depart from tljeuce, 
 anoreturMtljith:rattbiirpleafure, .anotnall places be maincaineo ano Defcnocofrom all oa^ 
 mage of ftoSieg ano gboos, bp fuel) as arc in autljoritie Vtoocrpour 31mpcriallspaicflicttoetjjank= 
 fullp anO'gratcfullprccctttingtljebcnefiteoffogreatap^'utlege, asmuchag in bslictlj ooe ap* 
 p?ootie ano conSrme tlje fame, p^mtGnginthettiojoeofaPjince, tljat toee Ml keepe tljefaiD 
 If ague perfect ano imtiolable, ano anil caufe our fubtects fo to Ofe tlje grant of tlje pjiuileges gi- 
 tientmto tljem, at pour 3Imperiall Spatcflie ujallneuerljaueoccafion to repent pou of pour moil 
 pmtcelp Itberalitie. Sno becaufe tlje Eoj.cc of tljis grant, in the ittogement of botlj our mat'eftics, 
 fecmctlj rather to conttft in the afe thereof, then in tljc a)ojoe3,a>e thought gooo to feno Ditto pour 
 3Impertallmaie3te tljis our ambaffaoour William Hareborne, one of tlje Cfquiers cf our boop, f9.wit.H3re. 
 inljiclj both on our bctjaffe fboulo pcelotljanks bnto pour maicftiej ano alfo that tue might bfe bis ^SSmtSmt 
 gooo inoeuour foi the tflabliujing of fuch.ojoer in our fubiects trace of merchanoife, as tocll in enrkc. 
 pour3mpcr:allct!ieof Gonftaminople, as fa otljer places ofpour^ufulmaulike empire, a? 
 otcojDiug to the pjcfcrtpt of thcpjsiuslegeg is grantee bppour pjinrelpmaieOies goooneffe, ano 
 fljallbcfouhebenefiteofbntboucfttbiects, jfojperfojmanceaihercof, becaufcljee fiancetrj in 
 iteeceofpottr Jmpenall spaietties autljoritie, toeeearnefllpbefeccb tlje fame, that pou aioulo 
 cnufe all ttjofc tohjrij bee in atttljo jttie anoer pour Upigljnctfe,bp all tljeir beft mcanes to aioe ano 
 affiflthisourSlmbaffaoourincrecutingtljiS-pouramperiall f^aietties pleafttre, fojDnto bint 
 meehaueromimtteo this charge : tojiereinbo'tohonefllprjee lutllDifcljarge Ijigcremte coiuaro 
 both ottcS^aicllies, 3 no toljit flano in ooubt : to toljom alfo our pleafure ts,tljat all our fubiects 
 fljallbreobcotcnt, asfarreas tbe grant of pour Jmperiall maiellic ooetlj permit ♦ S0p?eoucr, 
 mbereas that tooo?tbie pcrfonage Multafa, pour 3imperiall maietties 3!nterp?eto?, hatlj taken « mwa for 
 Ipeciallpatttes foulje procuring of tljis league bettaicene bs, toecearnettlp befeeclj pou tljat fo? ofwS™ 9 
 cutfaltcapouranipcriallspaiettietooulDDoucljfafetoaDuancc him tontotbeocgree of rlje £©u= 
 flafaraksojcljtefepenltonets ♦ Sifintljefeanoinallotljerljoneflcaufes, our afojefapoe 9gcnt 
 ano our fubiectesfljallfinoe pour 3mperialH^igne[Tes fauour, a noble traffiqtte tutll flouriuj 
 hettoeene thefe nations, ano tnec (if bp anp map toee map Cano pour State in fteaoe) luiil al- 
 luapesmolllDiHinglpbe rcaoic to requite this pour S^aiefties fauour ano gooo loillinttlj all 
 ■feinoc of gooo offices* aimigljtie (Soot&e maker of the tuo;lo pjefcrueanBkeepepourjmpe^ 
 tialia^aiellie,9EC, . ; . 
 
 • A Letter of the Queenes Maieftie to Ml Boffa the Turkes high 
 Admirall,lent by her ambaffadour M. William Hareborne, and dcliucred 
 vnto him abodrd his gallie in the tArfenal. '' 
 
 LI'ZABETHA, &c. Illuftrifllmoviro AlliBaffa, magni Mufulmanici 
 Ca:faris Admiralio, falutem & iuccclfus fortunatos. Non ignotum eflc Ex- 
 cellently vellri arbitramur.priuilegia quardam apotentilfimo Cllare Mu- 
 fulmanico domino veftfo clementiifimo fubditis nolle is Anglkis conceila 
 efle,vt illisliceat in omnibus imperij Mufulmanici.prouincijs tuto& fecure 
 manere ac negotiari : non aliter quam hoc ipfum Francis, Polonis, Veneris, 
 
 O 2 Germanis 
 
,,. i i — ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ — nm ■ — i ■— mMmrn* i ■ ■■ ■ — " — ■ ■ »■ " '■■■ ■ i ■— ■■ pwn— , 
 
 160 TheEnglifTi Voyages,Nauigations, M.lfycb.Hatyuyt. 
 
 Germanis antea induhum eft . Qua ex caufanos Gulieimum Harcborne nobis dile&um, e 
 corporis cuftodibus vnu, ac multis nominibus ornatum ad incly tarn Conftantinopolisciuita- 
 tem pro agcnre mihmus : qui ex priuilegiorum prxdidtorum praefcripto noftras &fubditorum 
 noftrorum res in illis locis coDftitueret. Facerc igitur non potuimus,quin Exccllentiat veftrx 
 Guilielmum hunc,proeaquaapud magnum Catfarempollesauthoritate,jcomrnendarcmus : 
 petestes fummopere vc tuto in mari fine Clafliariorum veftrorum violentia, & fecure in pom- 
 bus abfque minillrorum rapinis & iniuria, tam ipfe quamomncsAngli fubditi noftri poflint 
 verfari; vtiprotenoreliccrarum patehtiumamagno Oefareconccflarum illis licere ex ilia- 
 rum confpedtione perfpicuum efle poteft. GratilTimum ergo nobis cxcellenria veftra feccrit, 
 fiportuum omnium, aliorumque locorum, qui veftra? kirifdi&ioni parent, cuftodibus, item 
 claflium & nauium prafeftis omnibus mandate velit, vc Guilielmus ifte,aliique Angli fubditi 
 noftri cum in illorumerunt poteftate,amlce'&humanitertra£tarentur. Quemadmodumnos 
 vicuTnn omnes magni Carfaris fubditos omni humanitatis genere tra&abimus, fi in Occam 
 maria, aliauclocavenerint, qua: noftro parent imperio. Poftremocxccllentiamvettrampro 
 eo queni innoftrosextendetfauore ijs omnibus ofncijsproiequemur , qua:agrati(limaprin- 
 cipe in optime de fe merences debent proficifci. Bene & foelkiter valeas. Datum c" caftro no- 
 ftro Windeforij die viceilimomeniisNouembris, Anno lefu Chrifti faluatons noftri 1582, 
 Regni vero noftri viccfllmo quarto. 
 
 A brief e Remembrance of things to be indeuoured at 
 
 Conflantinojrfe , and in other places in Turkie , touching our 
 Clothing and our Dying, and things that bee incident to the fame, 
 
 and touching ample vent of our naturalJ commodities, & of the labour 
 
 of our poorc people withall, and of the gefierall enriching of 
 
 thi*Realme : driwen by M. %ichntdH<tklu)t of the 
 
 middle Temple, and giueo to a friend that 
 
 was refit into Turkie 1 j 8 2. 
 
 jftile toberetoith toe colourTMett to be bjougbt into this realme bp feet) 
 
 oiroote, 
 3no ttjc arte of compounding oftlje fame. 
 2 no alto all other Ijcrbes nfc5 in oping in like maner to bee b jougljt fin 
 ami alt Crees.tobofe L tmee, S>c eocs, 0) 33arkcs,o 1 2Uooo ooe ferue 
 
 to that bfc.to be biought into this realme bp gieen oi Koote . 
 311 little plants ants 13 tif fees feruing to that bfc to be biought in. 
 
 6 Co learne to knoto all earths ano minerals finren ufeo in oping, ano t&cir naturall places, 
 fo? poffible the like map here be fount) bpon figrjt. 
 
 7 aifo toitb tbe materials bfco in oping, to tying in the ertellencie of the arte of oping, 
 
 8 Co pprate from Muhaifira a ritiC in ifigypt to Constantinople, tljefceD of Sefamum tlje 
 Ijerbe, ano the fame into this realme. Common trace is bettoeene Alexandria anu Conftauti- 
 nople, anDtberefojepoumapeafilppiocuretbefeeos. ©ftbisCeeomucb opleismaoe,anoma= 
 np mils fet on toojke about the fame in the fapo Muhaifira, ano if tbis feebe map jnofper in Eng- 
 land, infinite benefice to our Closing trace map rife bp tbe fame . Cbis titie is fituate upon 
 jatlus tlje riuetr, ano tbenee this is brought to Venic e ano to oiuers other Cities of Italie, ano to 
 Antwerpe, 
 
 9 Co note all kinoes of clothing in Cutkie, ano all Degrees of their lab our in the fame, 
 
 10 CoenoeuourratljerthebentofiSerfies, then ofotber Clothes as a thing mo?ebenefifM 
 to our people. 
 
 1 1 Co enoeuour tlje fale of fitch our clothes as bee coloureo toith our otone naturall colours si 
 much as pou can,rather then fuel; as be c-olourco toith foir en colours, 
 1 a Co feeke out a bent foi our Bonettos, a cap maoe foj Barbaric, foj that the poojepeople map 
 
 reape great pjofitebp the trace. 
 
 15 CoenDeuourbmofknU&tocksmaDeofNorwkhparne.fofotrjerparne.tobicbbjougHt 
 
 to great traoe,map turne our pooje people to great benefite,befioeiJ tbe bent of tbe fubttance, of 
 
 our colours, ano of our oiuers labour. 
 
 14 Co enceuo? a bent of our Smftronfoj tbe benefit of our pooje peopIe:foj alarge bentfotufc, 
 
 ttfcttethmanpontoojke. 
 
 Remem- 
 
Ad, c Kic. Hal$luyt. TrafTiques., and Difcoueries. 
 
 itfi 
 
 Remembrances for matter S. to giue him the better 
 
 occafion to informe hirrifelfe of fome things in England, 
 
 and after of fomc other things in Turkie 5 to the great profite 
 
 of che Common Weak of this Countrey, Written by the forc- 
 
 fayd mafter %/cbard Haklttjt, for a principall Englifh 
 
 Faitor at CW7<?w«»<y/i? i s S A 
 
 3inee an men confctTc (tljat be not barbarouflp b?eo) that men ate bo?ne as 
 UiclUo feefee the common commooitie of their Countrep, as tfjettr otone p?i* 
 uate bcnefite , it map feeme follie to perftuaDe tljat point, fo? each man 
 meanetb fo to Doe » 3J5ut tobemn men fijeulD feebe the common commoDi- 
 tie, ano isbat mv, ano bp bobatmeane tljat is tobec b?ougbt about, is the 
 point o? ftimme oftrje matter, Once euerp gooo man is reaop to implop his 
 3MJ labour . Wjx& is to bee cone bp an infinite fo?t of meanes,as the number of 
 tljings bee infinite that map bee Done fo? common bcnefite of the Eeatine , ma as the cbiefe 
 tljings fo to bee Done be timers, fo are tljep to bee Done bp Diners men, as tbepbcebp iuic ana 
 matter of eDucationmo?e fit, ojtefle fit, fo? this anofo? that * 3nDfo? chat of manp things that 
 teno to the common bencfitc of the §>tate, fome teno mo?e, ano fome lefie, 31 finoe that no one 
 tbing.aftct one other, is greater then Clocbing,anD the things incioent to the fame , anDDiiDer- 
 flanoitta; that pou are of right gooD capacitie, ano become a JfactojatConltantinopIe, ano in 
 other partes in fturfeie, 3 finDe no man fitter of all the <£ngli(b jFactojs there, then pou, 3na 
 therefore 31 am fobolo to put pou in minoc, ano to tell pou lriherein toitb fome ittoeuout pou map 
 tbaunce to Doe pour Countrcp much goon, ano giue an infinite fo?te of the pooje people occafion 
 to p?ap io } pou Ijere throughout the Eealme : this that 3 meane is in matter of £lotb,?c, 
 
 ■ j 
 t "Citit, pou cannot Benfe but tbattbis ftcamte pcelDetb the moQ fine astooll, the mod 
 lTfoft, the moil ffrong ISJeolI, the moflDurable in Cloth, anomoff aptc of nature of all 
 MrjettorccciueDie, anotbatnojllanD o?anponcRingDome fofmali Doech pcrin fo 
 great abuhoarice oft^e Unit \ amr tljat no SHooll is lelfe fubiect to mothes, o? to fret* 
 ting in p?efle, then tbis,as the olo parliament robes offings, g of manp noble Ipeerejs 
 to be ttjetneD map plainlp tettifie," * G 
 ft Cbere is no commowtic of this Eealmc tljat map fet fo manp pooje fubiects on too?fee, as 
 this Doeth, that Doetb bjingin fo much tteafure, ano fo much cnirclj the merchant, ano 
 To mud; emplop the Jflaufe of this Ecalme,as this commobitie of our CCtooil ooetb» 
 
 ample ann full ftent of t&is noble ano rict) commobitie is it trjattfjetommoni»eale of this 
 tealmeDoethtequtre, 
 
 ;§>paine notoe abounbetb toitrj Spools, ana the fame are Clotbeo , Curftie bath <rstoo!s,ana 
 fo Ijaue Diucrs p?ouinccs of £h jiftcnoamc anD of UpeatbcnelTe, ano cloth ts maDe of the fame in 
 Bitters places, 
 
 z jSut if England f^auetlje mod fine, attDtljemonercelleritffiCIoolsoftljeliJojtDfit allrc« 
 fpects (as it cannot bee oenieo, but it hath) a 3|f there map bee aDDeo to the fame, ercellent 
 artificiall, anD true making, anD ercellenc Dping, 3 Chen tin boubt but that toe (ball haue Dent 
 fo? out Clotljes, although tfje reti of the too?lD did abounD much mo?e toit|j 3Uool then it Doetb, 
 anD although their bJojkemanujip anD their oping ttere ineuerp Degree equal botch ours of Eng- 
 land, bnlefle the labour of our people implopeo that luap, anD tbematcrtalsbfcD in Dping CboulD 
 be the caufe of the contrarp bp Dearth, 
 
 T6ut if Jf o?ren nations turne their Spools, iuferiour to ours, into truer anD mo?e ercellent 
 maoe cloth.ano (ball Die thefame in truer, furer,ano mo?e erccllent anD mo?e Delectable colours, 
 tjjen (ball thep fellano make ample toentof tljeirClotbes, bohen the «£ngliu)clo[h of better toooll 
 fijall relt bnfolo,to the fpople of the 9S)ercbant,of the Clothier,anD of the b?eeoer of the iaooH,anD 
 to the turning to bag ano toallet of the infinite number of the poo?e people imploieD in clothing in 
 feuerall Degrees of labour herein England. 
 
 cajbtcb things toapeo, aamtotcllpoutohatthings3IlnifljpouinthtsTSealme, ano after in 
 Carliie.to iiiDeuout from time to timers pour laifure map permit the fame- 
 CD 1 Before 
 
I 
 
 iSz The Englilh VoyageSjNauigations, M,%k.Hakluyt, 
 
 Before yougoe out of theRealme,thatyou learne : 
 
 i »^©fenototooaU,allfeino of clothes mace in this realme, aim all other Employments oE 
 1 tBooil.ljBwe o? fo?ren,be p fame in felt clokes,felt (jacss^tn t|je reo knit cap foj Barbarie, 
 caIIeDBonettosrugioscolorados,ojB)batfoeucr,!!fC. 
 
 ail the oecetts in Clothmaking; as the feting together of Spools offeuerall natures, feme 
 of nature to ujnnke,fome to IjoId out,toI)iclj caufetlj cloth to cockle ann lie bneuen, 
 
 Cbe cutll footing of tij jeeo of goos o j bao ujooII, fome tootoo barb fpun, fome tootoo Toft fputi 
 celiuerctitobeteiouin. 
 
 Che faults in (EHeauing, 
 
 "Ehe faults in talking;, IRotoing, anb 'Burting/ami in Hacking tFje Clothes aboue meafure 
 upon the Ceintojs : all baljich faults map be Icarneo of bonett menjtohicb faults are to be k»otu« 
 en to tljemerchanc,tobe fljtmneti anonottobetofeii, 
 
 z €:bcntolearneoft^eDierstotiifccrncallkinuofcolours;as^tcbbeo;oooanDfure,anti 
 tobicb bull not holo jbobiebbe faire,tobicb not ; tobicb colours bp the Deart(i of the fubftancesbee 
 seare,anD tnbicb bp reafou of the cheapened of the Materials toitb tobich thep be Diets,be cbcape 
 colours, 
 
 ? <£hento rafcethe names of all the materials anu fubttaunccs bfeb in this Citie oj in the 
 realmc,in Dpiucjof clbtljoj filke, 
 
 tLb learne to fe.no to tbem.as tobicb be gooi>,tobtch ban, 
 
 anotobat colours thep Die, 
 
 9m> tohat prices thep be of. 
 
 aim of them toljicb bee the Naturals of this -Realme, ami in tohat part of the Realme thep 
 are to be ban. 
 
 ami o fall tbe fojren materials bfeb in bping to knott) the berp naturall places of th.cm,ano the 
 plentie o ? the fcarcenefTe of each of them. • ... 
 
 'ithefetljtncfsftiperfictallplearneD in the realme before poupe, pou are the fitter in fo?tea 
 parts to ferue pour Gomitrep, fo? bp this mcanes pou baue an enterie into the thing that 31 tow) 
 poutotrauellin. 
 
 What you fhall doe in Turkie, befides the bufinefle 
 ofyourFa&brfhip. 
 
 i "C© jafnuicb as it is repojteo that the Woollen clothes bieb in Euskie bee mod ercellent* 
 XlpDiet), pouQ)allfenBhomeintothisireaImerertaine9po\i)flersojpieresof§)heU)to be 
 brought to the Diershall, theretobefljetoeti.partlptdremooueout oftbeirheaos, tlje tootoo 
 great opinion thep baue concciueo of their otone cunning, aim partlp to mooue them fo? ujame to 
 enbettour to learne moje knotoleoge to the honour of their countrep of England, aub to the bni* 
 tterfall benefit of the realme. 
 
 2 gouflfwIlDeutfe to ameno tbeDpingof England,bp carping hence an apte poong man: 
 brought bp in the arte, o?bp banging one oj other from thence of fkill, o? rather to ncuifeto 
 b?ino;onefoj§>ilkes, anbaiaotberfoj<Klooll ana fo? Woollen cloth, ami if pou cannot toojfte 
 this bp ojoinarie meancs, then to toojke it bp lome great Baflas meane, o? if pour otone crecite 
 there be not fnfficienc bp meane of pour fmall aboue in thofe parties, to too jke it bp the belpe of 
 the jf renclj ambalfaooj there rcfitient,foj tobicb purpofe pou map infinuate pour felfe into bisac* 
 ciuatntance,awjotbertotfeto Icaue no meane bnfwght that tenoetb^o this eno, therein pou are 
 to Doe as circttmffances map permit. 
 
 3 Chen to learne to knoto all tlje materials ann fubBances that the CurkeSbfe inaping, 
 bcthepoft)erbes, fimpleojcompounti, be thep plants, 35arkes, 20oo&, berries, S>fcoe», 
 C3raines,o£<|)ineraIImattcr,ojtohatel8roeuer, ^utbefoj*allotljer,fucbth:ngsa<?pfelotbofe 
 famous colours that carriefucb fpeciall report of ercellencte, that our Spercb.nnits map tying 
 tljem to this realme bp ojninarie traoe,as a right meane fo? the better bent of cur clothes, 
 
 4 Co knoto the Dfc of thole, anDtoberetbenaturallplaceoftbemamiofccboftbemis, 31 
 mennethc place toljereecb of them grotoeth o^is b?eB, 
 
 y 3no in anp luife, if anile that coloureth bleto be a naturall commooitp off^fc parts, an» 
 if it be compounocb of an betbe , to fenu the fame into this realme bp feeD o? b? root in barrel! of 
 earth, toith all tlje toljole o?oer of fotoing, fetting, planting, replanting, ano toitlj the compouno* 
 ing of tlje fame, that it map become a naturall commooitp tn this realme as CGloao is, to this ena 
 tbattbehigbpjiceoffojreuiea&oao (tohichoeuourethpeeKlp great treafure) map be brought 
 
 Dotenc 
 
M.'Ric Hatyuyt. Traffiques., and Dffcoueries. 16$ 
 
 bo tone, Ss)o (ball the marcljant bup (31s cloth lelle beare, anb fo Ijc ftjalbe able to occupy with If fle 
 Cocke, lie able to afoo?briotb cheaper, make mo?c ample bent , anb alfo become a greater gainer. 
 bimfelfe,anb all this to tbe benefit oftijip realme, 
 
 6 "So do tlje Itkc toitf) I;etbc gtplant, 0? tree tbattn&pingigofanperccllentbfc, astofctuj 
 (be fame bp fceo, berrp,root,$c 1 fo? bp fttcb meanes Saffron to as bjougbt firtt into this realme, 
 toljitb bath fee manp poo?e ontoo?ke,anb b?ottgbt great toealtlj into tljis realme* Sbns map g>u- 
 m^.tbe plant tobctetoitb tlje moll erccllent blacks be bieb inSpaine,l-c bjaugljt out cfSpaine, 
 ano out of tbc 3lanos of the fame,if it toiH grom ^ 
 
 b?ottgbt into tljis realme, ano came to geot perfection , to tljc great lofTe of tbe jfrcnclj our oloe 
 enemies, 9no it both maruelloufip import this realme to make naturall in tljis realme fttclj 
 tljings as be fpecialintbe oping of our cIctbes,9no to fpeake of fuclj things as colour bleto,tljep 
 are of greate 8 bfe, anb are grounos of tbe mott ercellent colours, anb therefore of all otljcr to b3 
 b?ougbt into tbis rcalme.be it 3ruleo? anp otber materiall of tbat qttalitp. 
 
 7 3na becaufc pellotoes anb greencs are colours of fmall prices in tljis realme, bp reafan 
 tljat 3Dloe ano <&?eentoeeb toberetoitb tbcp be bieb be naturall bcre,anb in great plentp ,therefo?c 
 to b?ingottr clothes fo bieb to common fale in Turkie boere to tljC great bencfitoftbcmartljant, 
 anb otber pooje fubiccts of tljis realme, fo? in fale of fiict our otone naturall colours toe confmjje 
 not our treafure in fo?ren tolaurs,ano pet toe fell our otone trifles bearelp perhaps, 
 
 8 "Sfj e tooollcs being naturall, anb ercellent colours fo? oping becomming bp tljis mcan.es 
 Ijere alfo naturall , in ail tbe arte of Clothing then me toant but one onelp fpeciall thing, jfo? in 
 tbis fo temperate a climat our people map labo? tlje pere tbo?otoout, toljereas in fome regions of 
 tlje too?lo tljcp cannot too?ke fo? ertreme ljeat,as in fome otljer regions tljep cannot too?ke fo? er - 
 tremc coloe agoob part of tlje pere, 9no tlje people of tljis realme bp tbe great anb blcfhb abtm* 
 banceofbictuallarecbeaplpfeo, anb tljerefo?e map afoo?btljeir labour cljeape. 9nbtoljcrc the 
 Clothiers in Flanders bp tbe flatneffe of tbeir titter* cannot make Mlalkmilles fo? tljcit clotljes, 
 but are fo?ceb to tljicken anb o?efle all tljeir clotljes bp tbe foot ano bp tbe labour of men , toljerc* 
 bptbeitclothe0areraifeotoanbtgbetp?tce, toe of England ijauein all§>bireslIo?eofmillcs 
 bpon falling riuers, 3t»b tljefe riuers being in temperate ?onesarenot b?iebbpin Rummer 
 toitlj brought ano beat as tbe riuers be in Spaine ano in better regions, no? frozen bp in Winter 
 as all tlje riuers be in all tlje 315o?tlj regions of tbe wo?lo : fo as our milles map go anb toojke at 
 all times , anb b?etfe clothes r&eaplp* Cljm toe bauc alfo fo? fcoto?ing our clotljes earths anb 
 tlaies,as aBalkers clap,anfl tbe clap of SDbo?ne little inferio? to <§>ope in fcoto?ing ano in thick 1 
 fag, 'Cben alfo baue toe fome reafonabfc flo?e of Slum anb Coppo?asbere mabe fo? Dping, atto 
 are like to ba«e increafe of tbe fame, 'S.bcntoebaucmanpgooDtoatersaptft^oping^uopccple 
 
 to fpin ano to boe tlje red of all tlje labours toe toant not, <§>o astljcretoantetlj, if colours irstgijt ^vmititut 
 be b?ougbt in ano maoc naturall, but onelp SDilealj? toant toijercof ifanpmancoulbbntifc to toantofotte. 
 fupplpattbefulltoulj anp tljing tbat might become naturall in tbis realm?, be tobatfoeucr be 
 toere tljat coulob?tngit about , migbt ocferue immo?tall fame in tljisour Common wealth, ano 
 fucljaoeuifetoas offeree to tbelParltamentanorefufeD, becaufeb tijep oeniea totnooto bun 
 toitb a certatne libertp , fome otljers batting obtaineo tbe fame befo?e, tbat p?actsfeo to toojke 
 tljat effect bp Kaoiuj feeo, toljicb onelp maoe a triall of fmall quantity, anb tljat toent iio furtljcr, 
 to make tbat fflile in plentp: anb noto (jc tljat offcrco tbis ocuife toas a marcljant,ano is ocao,ano 
 toitljaii tlje oc title is oeao toitlj (jim, 
 
 3lt is to?itten bp one tbat to?ote of Aff lke,tbat in Egypttna cttp callcb Muhaifira tfjere be ma* i ro Africa* 
 npmiHesimplopeommakingof©ileoftbefeebofanberbtcallcbSefamum. Pens anb Lobell, um. 
 Pbpltcians, to?tte in our time, tbat tbis berbe is a cobbeb Ijerbe full of oilp feeb, anb tbat tljcre is 
 plentp of this fceoeb?ougbt out of Egypt to oiuers Cities fn Italy, jf tbis berbe totif p?ofperin 
 tbis realme,ourmarcbantsmap eafilp b?ing of it, jc. 
 
 9 i&auing Ijcerein tbus troubieb pou bp railing to pour minbe tlje ronftoeratfon of certain*, 
 things, itfijallnotbe impertinent to tell pou tbat it (ball not be amiffe tljat pou note all t[jeo?oer 
 of tbe begrees of labour bfeo in Turky.in tbe arte of CIotbing,ano to fee if anp Wap tljep crcell in 
 tljat p?ofeu"ton our people of tbefe parts,ano to b?ing notice oftbefame into tljis realme. 
 
 1 o 9no if pou (ball finbe tljat tbepmake anp clotb of anp kinb not mabe in tbis realme, tljat 
 is thereof great bu?, tbentobjingofthe fame into tljis realme fome SpotoCcrs, tljat our people 
 map fall into tlje traoe,anb p?cpare the fame fo? Eurkie : fo? the mo?e kinos of cloth toe can oc= 
 uifetomake,tljemo?eamplebentofourcommooftietoe ftjallbaue, ano tljemo?e faie of tlje la-- 
 bour of our poo?e fubiects tbat els fo? lacke of labour become iole anb burtnenotis to tlje common 
 toealc.anoijurtfulltomanp: anDinEnglandtoeareinourclotbingtraoctoframe one felttts 
 accojoing to tlje oefires of fo?ren nations,be it tljat tljep befire tljicke 0? tl;inne,b?oab 0? nnrotoe, 
 
 long 
 
164. The Engliiri Voyages,Nauigations, M.%k.Ha^luyt % 
 
 long o? ibo?t, tobtte o? blacfce, : i H5ut tuittj tljts pjottifb altoapes , tljat out; ctotlj paffe out 
 toitbas mttcl) labour of our people as map be,tob£rcin great conttocration ougljt to bebaD: fo? (if 
 bent migbt fo aomit it) as it toerc the greateft maDncfle in tbe too?to fo? bs to bent our toooll not 
 tlotbeb,fotoereicmaonelfeto bent our tooollin part o?intbetoboleturneb into b?oaBclotu,if toe 
 migbt bent tbe fame in Settles: fo? tbere ts great Difference in pjofit to our people bettocene tbe: 
 clotbingofafackeof toooll in tbeoncano tbe like Cache of tooollin tbe otljer, of tolncb 31 toiib tbe 
 marcljant of England to Ijaue as great care as be map fo? tbe bmutrfall benefit of tlje poo?e : anB 
 tbe turning of a fackeof toooll into "Sonets is better tl;cn botb ?c, 3no alfo not to carp out of 
 tbe realmeanp clotb tobite,but Dieo if it map be,tbat tbe fubiects of tbts realmc map take as nmclj 
 benefit as is pottible, anbratbertoreeketbebentoftbe clones biebtoitb tbe natural! colours of 
 England, tben fuclj as be bteb tottb fo?ren colours, 
 
 12 9ntj if of neceffitp toe mutt befo?cebtoreceutecertaine colours from fo?tcn parts, foj 
 tbat tbts climat biill not b?eeb tbem , 31 toitb trjat our marcbants procure 9nile anb fucb otljec 
 things to beplanteb in Itke dtmats tobere nolo it grotoes, in bitters otber places, tbat tbts realme 
 map batte tbat b?ougbt in fo? as bafe prices as is potfible, anb tljat falling out toitb one place bie 
 map receitte tbe fame from another, ano not bup tbe fame at the feconb or tbe tbirb banc ?c, jFoj 
 if a commobitp tbat is to be fjao of meere neceffttp, be in one banb, it is oearelp purcbafeb, 
 
 i i£>oto manp feuerall colours be Dieo is to be learneD of our Diers before pou Depart. 
 
 a 'Cben bob) manp of trjofe colours England ootb bte of Ijer otone natttrall borne materials* 
 anb fttbffances, anb bob) manp not, 
 
 3 Cben to bung into tljis realme berbs anb plants to become natttrall in cur foiles,tbat map 
 Dit tbe rett of tbe colours,tbat p?efentlp of our otoue tbings bete groining toe can not pet Die,anB 
 tbts front allfo?ren places, 
 
 4 ^berets a toooD calleD logtooob o? Palo Campechio., itiscbcapeanBpeelBetbaglojt« 
 ausblcto , butourtoo?kmen can not make it lure, '£ bis toooo pou mutt take tottb pou, ann fee 
 tobetber tbe S»ilke biers o?£Sooll Diers in Turky can Doe it, tottb tbis one pou map tnricb pout 
 felfeberp mttcb, ano tlicrefo jc it is to be enoeuoureo earnefllp bp pou. 3]t map bjtng ootone ityi 
 price of <HtoaD anb of 9nile, 
 
 Other fome things to be remembred. 
 
 If 
 
 [jf pou can fince out at Tripoly in Syriaoj elfetobere a bent fo? tbe Capped calleo in T5arbatie # 
 Bonetcos colorados rugios,tobtcb is a reo ^>cortiuj cap as it toere tottbout b?ims, pou ftjouta 
 bo pour countrep mucb gooD t fo? as a facke of toooll ttirneo into fine Deuonflrire kerfies Dotb fct 
 « manp mo?c people on too?ke then a facke fpumtefo? b?oao clotbinagroffertb?eeo,foafatkeof 
 
 tooolltttrncb into tbofeSonctsDotlj fct manp mo?e poo?e people on toojke, tljcu a facke ttirneo 
 into Kettles, bp reafon of tbe knitting. 9nD tbcrcfoie if pou caninoeuour tbat, poutoo?ke great 
 effect. 9nD no Doubt tbat a maruclious bent map be f emtio out of tbem into Afrike bp tbe toap of 
 Alexandria, anb bp Alcayer giotttbeafi anb g>outljtoetttbence, 
 
 2 3nb bp tbe bent of cur knit bofeof Woollen parne,i[©oo?tteb parne,anboftinncntb?cD, 
 great benefit to our people map arife , anb a great balue in fine SerGes ano in t ijofc knit toareS 
 map be coucbcb in a fmall roome in tbe fln'p* Sno fo? tljefe tbtngs our people are grotoen apt, 
 anb bp inbcttour map be b?atoen to great traoe, 
 
 ; Saffron tbe bed oftbebniiterfalltoo?logrotoctb in tbts realme, anb fojafnuttlj as it is a 
 tbing tbat requiretb mttcb labour in biuersfo?ts, anb fettctb tbe people otttoo?ke fo plentifully, 
 3 tottb pou to fee tobrtber pou can finoe out ample bent fo?tbe fame, fince it is gone out of great 
 bfe in tbofe parts, 3it is a fpice tbat is co?biall, anb map be bfeb in meats, anb tbat is ercellent in 
 bpingof pelloto ftlks. %W ccmmoDitp of Saflrongrotoctbfiftp miles from Tripoli in Syris,ort 
 an bigb bill callen in tbofe parts Garian, fo as tbere pou map learne at tbat po?t of Tripoli tbeba« 
 lueoftljepounb, tbegoobneffeofit, anb tbe places of tbebent, 33ttt it is fapbtbat from tbat bill 
 tbere paffetbperelp of tbat commoDitp fifteene moiles labeu, ano tbat tboferegions nottoitlittan-- 
 Ding Iacke fufftciencie of tbat commobitp, 15ut ifabentmfgbtbefounb, mentooulotnEflex 
 about SafFronwalden anb in CamBridgcfl)uereutuetbetraDefo?tbe benefit of tbe fettingoftbe 
 poo?e on too?ke, ^>o tooulb tbep Doe fn Hereford ttjire b}> Wales, tobcre tbe bettof all England 
 is, in tobicb place tbe foile peelDstbetoiloe Saffron commonlp, tobicblbetoctbtbenatnrallin* 
 tlination of tbe fame foile to tlje bearing of tbe rigbt Saffron, if tbe foile be manureo anb tbat 
 toapemplopeb. 
 LeoArricanM 4 ^bereisatoallcDtotonenotfarte from Barbarie, calleD Hubbed,totoarDtbe^outr> 
 * from tbe famous totone Telenfin, about fir miles ; tbe Habitant? of tobiclj totone in effect be all 
 
 £>icrs« 
 
..- — — — w— ^ " i " I ■ — .— ■ »■ ■ ■ i. ., I,,, . , H M * ■■■■,-■-. ■■ M^ 
 
 M. c R^c,HakiuyU Traffiques and Difcoueries. 165 
 
 Dices, 9no it is Capo that t be real) o tit trjcp baue pic utp of 3iul e, $ that t hep occupp th.it, anD alfo 
 tba t tbcp bfe tljcrc in tlicir opings, of the Saffron afo?efapD. ^Ije cructlj tutjcreof, in tbe & ou= 
 tberb>po?ts of tbe SgJeoitc can fea, tseafilp learaeD inpourpaflage to Tripoli, o? in uturne from £5^ m«y M 
 thence hometoaro pou map totDerflanO it. 3tisrcpo?teo at Saffronwaldentbat a pilgrim pur* ais» 
 poftng to 00 q;ood to bis countrep,flole an heao of Saffron, ano bio tbe fame in his palmers Gaffe, 
 tobicb be bao maocbolloto before of pucpofe, atftfobebpugbt this root into this realme, tout; 
 bentuce of his life : fo ? if be bao bent taken , bp tbe lata of tbe countrep from tobence it came , be 
 bao Dtco fo; tbe fact, J,f the like lone in this out age teere in out people that note become great 
 wattellers, maitp knotolcDgcs, ano manp traces, ano manp berbes ano plants might be bought 
 into t bia realme that might ooc the realme gooo. 9 no tbe IRemans hatting that care , bjougbt 
 from all coaBs of tbe tooilo tnto Itahe all acts ano fciences , ano allkinos of bcafts ants fotoles, 
 ano all bcrb.s, trees, bufks ano plants tljat might peclD profit o ? plca&tre to t he ir countrep of Ita- 
 lic. 9no if this care hao not bene beretofojein out anceliers, thcuhao our life brnefauagenoto, 
 fo? then toe bab not baa <Klbeat no? tRie,pea?e no? ^eanes,T5acIep no? €>ats,Peare no? apple, 
 Oine no? manp other p?ofitable ano pleafant plants, < BuIlno?Cote,S>beepeno?€>n]ine,$)07}fe 
 no?Sfj)are, Cocke no? Ijpen, no? a number tfotbertbfags that toe iniop, toitbouttobicb our life 
 to ere to be fapo barbarous i fo? tbefe things ano a thoufano that tue ufc mo?c tbe fir ft inhabit o?s 
 oftbts3IIanofouno not here. 9no in time of mcmo?p things baue bene brought in that lucre not 
 bere befo?e, as tbe Damage rofe bp Doctout Linakei king Henry tbe feuentb aito king Henric 
 the eights pbpfician , the Z u rkp cocks ano bennes about fiftp peres pair, tbe Srtitbotoe in time 
 of king Henry tbe eight, anDoflatertimeB)asp?orureDoutof Italy tbe ^trfke rote plant, tbe 
 plumme calico tbe Perdigwena , ano ttoo kinoes mo?ebp tlje io?D Cromwell after bis trauell, 
 ano the 9b?icot bp a jfrencbp?iett one Wolfe o3aroiner to king Henry tbe eight : anonoui 
 toithin tbefe foure peeres there ljattc bene b?ought into England from Vienna in Auftria oiuers 
 kinosof flotoers calico Tulipas , ano tljofc ano other p?ocureDthitberaltttle l)ifo?efrom Cod- 
 ft a n t i nople bp an cr ccllcnt man called S© . Carolus Clufius. UlnD it is fapo that Once toe traoeD 
 taZantetbat the plant that bcarctlicfjc Co?en is alfo b?ougbt into this realme from thence; and 
 although it b?ing not fruft to petfection.pet it map feme fo? pleafute anD fojfome Dfe,iikeas our 
 DtnesDoe, tobicij toe cannot toell (pare, alcijough tlje cltmac fo coIdc mill not permit us to baue 
 gooo tomes of them , &no manp other things baue bene b?ougbt tn,that baue Dfgenerateo bp rea> 
 fon of tbe colDe climat , fome other things bjougbt in baue bp negligence brae loft. tl.be 9rrb= 
 bolbap ofCanterburie Edmund Grindall, after rjerctttrneD OUtof Germany, b?OUgbtintOtblS 
 realme tbe plant of Tamarisk c from thence, anD this plant he back fo increafeo that there be here 
 tboufanos of tbcm : ano manp people Ijaue receiuco great health bp this plant :ano if of things 
 b?oughtin fucb care toere bao, then coulo not tbe firtt labour be lott, ^befeeoofrabacco 
 bath beneb?ought hither out of the Weft Indies.it grotoetbheere.anD toitb tbe berbe manp baue 
 beneeafeDoftbereumes,(tc. Cacb oneofagreat number of things taeretoeo?tbpofaiour- 
 
 neptObemaDeintoSpaine, Italy, Barbaric, Egypt, Zante, Conftantinoplc, tlje Weft Indies, 
 ano to oiuers other places necrer anD further off then anp of tbefe, pet f o?afmu tlj as t be poo? c are 
 notable, ano fo?tbattbe rich fetleoat borne in quiet toillnot, tberefo?e toe are to make fute to 
 fucbasrepairetofo?renkingDomes, fo? other bufmeffes, to baue tome care beereiu, ano to fee 
 befo?e tbetr epes tbe erampleS of tbefe goon men, ano to enoeuour to do fo? their parts tbe like, 
 as their ipeciall buGneQes map permit tbe fame. Cbus giutng pott occation bp toap of a little 
 remememb?ance, to baue a ocftre to do pour countrep gooo.pou (ball, if pott baue anp inclination 
 to fucb gooD, Do mo?e gooo to tbe pooje reaop to ftartte fo; relief c,th en euer anp fubicct did in t hie 
 realme bp butloingof SUmeffjoufes , ano bp gluing of lauos anD gooos to tlje reliefs of thepooje, 
 €!itiB map pou belpe to D?tue iolcneflc tbe mother of mod mifchiefs out of tbe realme, ano toinne 
 pou pcrpet uall fame, anD tlje p?av er of tbe poo?e, tobtcb is mo?e tooo?th tfjcrt all tbe goloe of Pe- 
 ru anD Of alltbe Well Indies. 
 
 The voyage of the Sufan of London to Constantinople ,wherein the 
 worfhipfull M. William Harborne was fetit firft Ambafladour vnto Sultan 
 
 (JWuraJCan, the great Turke, with whom he continued as her Maieflics Ligieral- 
 moftfixeyeeres. 
 
 l[)e i4ofjQouember 1582, toe oeparteo from Blackewall, bounofo?tbeCitieof 
 Conihntinople, in tlje tall ujippecalleD tbe Sufin of London: theC^aftertubeteof 
 teas Richard Parfons, a Derp e tccltent anD f feilfull man in bis facultte. ISu t bp occa< 
 iron of contrarp tocat Ijcr toe tpent ttoo mnnctbs before toe cottlD recouer tlje Motors 
 
 fn 
 
\66 The Englifh Voyages :) Nauigations, 7 he i.yqyjo Lonft* 
 
 3lamtarsttje 
 
 foiiutcciitt). 
 
 C.Vinctnte. 
 C. Santa Maria. 
 Tariffa. 
 Vein. Malaga. 
 C. dcGatci. 
 C. de Palos. 
 Denia. 
 Formentcra. 
 Cabrera. 
 
 jfcbjuatjtlie 
 firlt. 
 
 Mallorca. 
 
 men goe on 
 iano at Porto 
 <lc Sant Pedro. 
 
 die aJmlwITa 
 fruit betrapcB 
 
 jfcbjuai2t!)e 
 
 ChceSngliS) 
 menace tur* 
 
 juiltO. 
 
 ■artie&paiii- 
 acba come to 
 t&cfcaOtjeta 
 fpeaftetmtt) 
 tjjc captAine. 
 
 in the 3lieof Wight. ZBbtie tlje 14 of 3anuarp foltotoing toe tooke in tbetoo?fl)ipfull S£, 
 William Hareborne her ^aieffics9mbauaDourtotbe , 3i;urke, and hiscompanp, anofailcD 
 itience to Yarmouth in tfcefojefyoffle of Wight. Ebe 19 toepm from Wight. 3Dhe2t5toe 
 
 DID fee Cauo de Sant Vincente, flty fame Dap toe tvece thtoart of Cauo Santa Maria. tLhe 27 
 
 toepaffeDbp Tariffa, ano Gibraltar. 3E.be a8 in tbemojningtoepaCfeobpVelez Malaga : ana 
 
 that night tocre tbtoartof CauodcGates. 'SJDbe 2.9 at night toe bao Ogljt of Cauo dc Palos, 
 
 'kxyi 3omtbemo?ningtoeDiDfeetbebigblanDofDenia, intbckingDomeofValcntia, anotljat 
 
 night toe tjao fight of the Jlano Formcntera. 3L.be 3 \ trttlje mojning appeateo the 3|lano of Ca- 
 
 brera. ■Sbefirftof jFeb?uarp toeputinto apo?tin Mallorca,caI{eD Potto de Sant Pedro :tobere 
 
 tbep toottlo bane euillintreateo bsfo?comming into the Iparbour t toe thought toe might Ijatte 
 
 bene asboloe there as in other places of Cb?ittenDoine, but it p jouco farre otbcrtoife. Zljc firft 
 
 man toe met on lanD toas a fimple <§>bepbearD,of tobom tor DtmanDeo tobetber toe might baue a 
 
 tbeepe. 0? fucljiihe to refreCb ourfeluej3, tobotoloebspea. 9nobp fucb conference baotoitb him, 
 
 attbeIa2btcameaboo?o onceo?ttoife, ano haD the bell cbearc that toe cotilo make him : aim 
 
 our 9mbalfabour bimfelfe talkeo to.ith him , ano ftillbe maDe be fairep?cmifes , but nothing at 
 
 allmeanctopetfojme the fame, astheenDfhetoeD, Jntbe mesne time camcmafijippcofMar- 
 
 feils , the Rafter Uifeeceof Bio!motoDur9mbalTaDotirberptoelI, toith tobom our 9mbatfaoour 
 
 bab conference, arm mittj feia Spavtrjants alfo* Chepcamefront Alger in Barbarie, tobtthisbtt' 
 
 ocr the gouecnement of trjecSjeac^urkc* 'Sbcp did p?efentour 9mbaflaDour toith -an 9pe, 
 
 tohctefo?ehemaBeberpmucbof tbcni, anobabtbem often aboo?D. 35p tbemafuppofe, he toas 
 
 betojapeo of his purpofe as touching his meuage , but pet Hill toe baD faire toojoe of the febe p* 
 
 bearoafo?efnpD, ano others. <g>otbat bpon their too?DS, oucl|3tirfcr ano another man toent to a 
 
 Coume tohicb toas thjeeojfoure miles from the pojt, ano there toeretoeilentcrtameo, ano ban 
 
 of the people bcrp faire.fpecchcs , ano fttclj fmalltbings as coulo begotten bpon tljr fuDbcn , ano 
 
 fo rctiuncD to the ujippe that Dap. 'Chcntorc toerc embolDcneD , anDtbougbt all baD bene toell, 
 
 accojDingto tbeietatke. ©beuertoap, being the firth Dap of jfeb?uarie, ttooof our (Settle* 
 
 men, toith one of our Sjjjarchants, ano the puifcr, ano one of the 9mbaflaDours men toent to the 
 
 ©otontafo?efapo, thinking tosoe astbeptrfcrano theotherbao Done before, butttp?ooueo 
 
 coutrarp ; fo? attheitcommtngthitljertbephaDfairetooiDesatohilc, anuvjaDbjeaoanototne, 
 
 anDfucbneceCfariesfojthctrmonep, untiUfuctjtimcas theptoerebtfet toith men, anotbeMa- 
 
 iorcans neucr Qjctoeb in their countenance anp fticb matter, but as the maner of all the people in 
 
 the Dominions of Spaine is, fo? tfjc moft part to be tr cchcrous to bs, if tbep tbinkc tbep bane anp 
 
 aottantage. jFoj bpon the fubDenthcplaptohanfes on them, anDputtheminbolBe, asfurcaa 
 
 might be in fitch a Omple ®otone. "Ch^ntocre tbcp toell parocB toith men both Dap ano night, 
 
 ano CilloeluDeD toith faire too?DS,$ tbep fapo to our menit toas fo? no hurt.but that the Viceroy 
 
 of the 3!lano tooulo came aboo?oto fee the fbippe, TSuttbep piefentlp fentthe Surfer to the 
 
 , EotoneofMaiorca,tohere he toas eramineDbp the Viceroy uerpflraightlp, tobat their ibtppe 
 
 ann captaiuetoerc,auDtohatbopagethepintenDeD,butb«eonfeffcDnothingat all. Jntljemcane 
 
 time tbep in the Cotone toerc liketoife (iraigbttp cranuiieDbpail3?iettano other officers bpon 
 
 iljeirotbcs : toho fo? their othes fafee Dcclareo tljetoholeeftatcof their bopagc. %\)t ?.mbaua« 
 
 oours man was a French man, ano therefo?e toas fuff erec to goe to the (bippe on a meffage, but 
 
 ,hc coulo tell the 9mbaflaDour none other netoes, but that the Viceroy tooulncomeaboojotlje 
 
 fijippe , ano that our men fijoulD come toith him , but tbep ban another meaning, jfo? the 9par= 
 
 feilian 'J0arcl) ant s toerc ft apeD in like maner in the Z tone , on dp to make a better Ibeto bnto Us. 
 
 25ut in the meant time, being there tb?ee ? fourt Dapcs,there came men bnto bs euerp uap,mo?e 
 
 .0? lcue,bttt one bap efpcciallp there came ttoo men on bP?fcbacite,tobom toe tooke to be officers, 
 
 being luftp men, anoberp toell ho?feD. ^hefentenDefireDtofpeaketoithounCaptaine (fo? all 
 
 things that patfeo there toerc bone in the name of our Captaine Iohn Gray) fo? it toasfapo bp 
 
 bs there , that he toas Captaine of one of her spaiefties fljippes : toberefojc all things patfeo in 
 
 his name : ano the 9mbatTaDour not fcene in anp thing but rather concealed, annycfrjiTiall, be 
 
 caufeoflns tongue ano goobinotting in that language. 4fo?he himCelfetoentonlanbcIotheo 
 
 in Qcluet, ano talkcn toith theft men, ano toith hint ten 0? ttoelue luflp fellotoes toell tocapon= 
 
 to, tch ont Ijaumg a TSoartfptarc 0? a Caliutr, tljt Captaine Iohn Gray being one of them, ano 
 
 our boat Iping bp bcrp toarelp kept ano reaop. JTo? then toee began to fufpect , becaufe the place 
 
 toasmo?efrequentcD toith men then ittoastooont. Che men onho?febacke toere in Doubt to 
 
 come neere, becaufe bee tame fo toell toeaponto. SButtbep baocbim totlcomc , ano gauebim 
 
 great falutations in too?os as their maner is : ano ocmanoeD tobp he came fb ftrong,fo? thep fapo 
 
 heueeoeo not to feare anpmantntbeaianu. 9nftoeretoasmaDe,that it toas the maner of Cng- 
 
 lift) £aptaines to goe toitb their guaro in flrange places, ©ben tbep trice our 9mbaffaoo? (tbtn= 
 
 king 
 
— i ■"— — ' ' ', " ■"""' *— — —^^^— — ^^— — — ,, 
 
 7fo it Tw)'. /o Cb»#. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 1 67 
 
 -ii"—- — _«_ , — -. ■ 1 — ■■ ■ " m 
 
 king Ijtm to be tbe Captaine J tljat rbcp mere lent from the Viceroy to knob) tobac t&ep Oto 
 lacke, fo?thepp?omiGmbim beefe o? mutton, o? an p t Iji ;n g ;t ba t teas ui tljcljlatm cole bao, but 
 their purpofe toap to baue gotten mo?e of our men if tljep coulo , anD thep fapDe that tore fijoulo 
 rjaue our men againe tlje nert Dap: toith fuel; p?etp belufions thep fco bs Bill. Chen our ambafla* 
 Dour Din to?ite a letter to the Viceroy in bet apaiefiics name, anD in our Captaine Iohn Grayes 
 name ,ano not in (jis otomyum fent it bp tbem'^cfiring him to feim bis men.anD not to trouble Dim 
 in his bopage , fo? be ijao pjiuen him no fucb caufe, no; anp of bis* S>o thefc men Departco toith 
 great couttefie in too?os on botb parts, ana in all this time toe did fee men on ijo jfeuache aim 
 en foot in tlje toooDsano trees mo?e then tljep tocre accuflomeoto be, but toe coulo pcrceiucno* 
 thing tfoerebp, Che nert pap , 0? tlje fecono , came either foure 0? fire of tlje belt of them as toee 
 thought (tlje Viceroy ercepteD) anD berpmanpmenbefiDesmtheficloes, both on foot ano on 
 bo?fe, but came not neere the toater fioe, 9no trjote in like o?oer Defireo to fpeake toitl; tlje Cap-- jj^^jjte 
 taine, anD that tohen he came on laim tlje trumpets might founo : but then tlje ambaffaDcur, B aimtopatie. 
 tohom thep thought to be Captaine, tooulonotgoe, no; fuffet tbe trumpets tobcfounDcD, fo? 
 t bat be t bought it to as a trappe to take bimfelfe , atm mo? e of b is companp. "& tit Din f cim one of 
 the p?incipall of tbe ©archantstotalke toitb them, aim tbe Captaine Iohn Gray toentalfo 
 toitb him, not being knotoen ofttje S>pamatDs , fo? Ije toent as a foulDiour, Cbtts thep rccciueD 
 of tljofe meh tlje like toojDW as t^ep Ijao of tlje otljer befo je mentioneD , toljo fapD toe fijotilD Ijaue 
 our men againe, fo? tljep meant bs no hurt. Chen our ambau~aDottrDiDto?ite another letter, <c(je«n*amu 
 atm fent it bp them to tlje Viceroy, in lifeeomer as foe did before, but he receiucb no anftoere of { B ™ 6 Vvic«oy. 
 anp of tljem. 3« all tljis time tljep baD p jt'mip gathereo together themjncipall men of tbe 3IIaim, 
 anD ijan labourcD Dap aim nigljt to b?ingbotone o?Dtnance , r oc making anp fheto of t Ijcir treche« 
 rte totoaros US'. 3j5ut the fame ntgjjt foflotoing, toe fato berp manp lights paffe in the toooos a« 
 mong the trees, aimtntbcmo?ntiigtohenthetoatchtoasb?okcnbp, being giaturoap the ninth wcmtnei 
 of 4feb?uaric, at faire Dap light, one of our men lookeb foo?th, anD fato ffanoing onlano tbe cart* * rt * nat fc 
 ageofapiece : then toasoneccmmanbeD to goe into tlje toppe, aim there he otoDcfctic ttooo? 
 tb?ee pieces, anDalfbmanpmenonthefhoate, toitb Diuerstocaponstbattbep b?ought, Cljen 
 tjjep fuooenlp tooke foure 0? fiue b?affe \nctts , aim placeo them on either fioe of tlje harbojougfj 
 tohere toe fijoulo go out, anD hm tljem toitl) ftoncs aim bu&jes that toe hjoulD not fee tbem. 3#oto 
 3 tljinke the harbomtiglj not to be aboue tlje eight part of a mile ouer, €htts perceiuing their 
 meaning tohichtoaS mott plaine; toee agreeb to take up our anker aim goe out. anDleaueour 
 men there, hauing none other toap to take. Z-hm our ambaflaoour intreateD tbe Spatter of tlje 
 fl&arfciltan, bisfrtenb, togoeonlanbtoithhisboat.anDtokrwtothetruetb : tohofatiffieDhis 
 requefl. 3no at his returne Ije tolDe bs that it toas berp true , that tbcptooulD lap boloe of bs if 
 thep coulD. Chen toe toetghco our ankers : but faauing little 'ainu , toe totoeo the ujippe foj* 
 toarDtoitlj the boat, 3Ehe Viceroy himfelfetoas at the toater fioe toithmoje then fiue btumjcti 
 men on both Hoes of the harbour as toe thought, 3nn toljen toe came out toitb our ujippe as far 
 as their finance , our ambaflaDour anD tlje Captaine being in their armour, tbe.£paffer com* ^, e ^ s „aa 
 manDingof the companp, anD trimming of thefailes, the ipilot flancing on the poope, attenDing wpatetB to 
 tohiscljarge, toith other berp toellfurniujeD, aim euerpmaninojocr about tljeirbufinefleberp De{nD f" rtUfe 
 reaop , tljeponlanDontije contrarp part hauingabcrp faire piece mounteD on the Jl2a?tlj fioe 
 openlpinallouc fights, as the fhippepaueo bp, tljep trauerfeo that piece right toith tbemaine 
 matt oj after-quarter of the Qjippe,ano a (Sunner flanDingbp,toith a Untfiocke in his Ijano, about 
 foureteene 0? fiftcene foot long, being (as toe thought) reaop to giue fire. Dur tohole noife of 
 trumpets toere founDing ontljepoope toitljD?umme anDflute,anD aSpiiu'on of b?afie onthefum- 
 mer Decke, toith ttoo oj tljjcc other pieces , altoapes bp our ©unncrs trauerfeo mouth tomouth 
 toith theirs on lano , ft ill looking toljen thep on latm fljoulD ffjoo t , fo j to anftoere them againe, 
 %bt pio t ff anoing on the poope, feeing this reaDineffe, anD tlje fbippe going berp Coftlp, b ecaufe 
 ofthecalmenetfeofthetoinDe, he calIeDtothemontheS)outhfiDe, tchere the Viceroy toas, 
 anD fapbbnto him;l&aue pou toarrcs toith bs*:31f pou ljaue,it is mo?e then toe knoto ; but bp pout 
 jj^ouiGon it feemeth fo : ifpouljaue, fljoottn <0ods name, anD fpare not, but thep bttt> all fall ano 
 Ojot not. %bzxi the Viceroy himtelfe helB bp a paper , ano fapo ije ban a Utter fo? our Captaine, 
 anoDefireDbstoffapfo?it. Chen toe anfmereo ano fapo toe tooulo not, buttoilleDbimtofcnD 
 it bp the S^arfeilians boat, anb our men alfo. a 11 this tohile,our trumpets, D?um ano flute fotm* 
 BeD, anb lb toe pafleD out m the face of them all, ffitthen tbep perceiueo that thep coulo lap no home 
 on bs, tljep pjefentlp fent to theCotone fo? our men, tohomtoithinletTcthcnth?eebcurcsaf« 
 tec thep fent aboo?D toith the fapo letter, inherent he Defireo our Captaine anD his companp not «M«Mt 
 to take it in ill part , fo? he meant them no harme , but tooulo baue feene our ujippe, $)is letter | C V„ t '?o$S 
 BiDimpo?ttf)tfe ano furtj like faire fpeecheu : fo? it altogether containeo courteous falutations, $?$*$*& 
 
 fajing 
 
'^t)e cffrct of 
 Htje 2Cnil)aO"d« 
 
 Sojsauilucrc. 
 
 ■ ■■-■- —^ — 
 
 id-8 The Engltfti Voyages.,Nauigations, Thei- yqy, to Contt. 
 
 raping tljat be migljt boiolp come into anp po jt tott&m bis aiano, ano tljat Ije ann bis tooulo tbeto 
 Ijim luljat frienbfbip tijep migljt t ano tljat tlje iniurp tbat toas offeree toas none at tbe requeB of 
 the gjljepljearos ano poo?e people cf tlje countrep, fojrlje mbjc fafegaro of ttyit fiockes , ami be* 
 raiife it toas not a tbingbfualitorjaue anpfuclj ujippeto ceme mtotfjat po;t,toitb manpctber De s 
 C£ftfttU,iuo?t»s in tlje fapb letter. Cbenottrambaffiadonrtojote brttb Ijim anotljer letter to an* 
 ftoere tljat, and gatte feint tbanks Fo? feis men tfeat Ije feao fent bim, anil alfo foj Ijis good toill, atitt 
 fentbimapjefent, %l)i$vmt, toe fljot off Ijalfe a D6?enpiecf s , Ijotftixcur failess , ahbbcparteo 
 on outbopage, l €bentl)eli3utfctano tlje reGofourmentljatbaDbeeneinbolde, toloebgtbat 
 tljep b;'d fee tlje Captaine, and otber gentlemen of t&e3|lflno,bauing tljeir bufkins anb flockmgs 
 tejne from tbet'r Icggcs , toitfc labouring in tlje bufljeg Bap anb nigljt to make tljat fuoben p joui* 
 nonv?D^e t z of tfebjuarp toe fato an 31lano of Africa Gde called Galata , toljcre tljep bfe to b?acj 
 cut of tlje S>ca mucrj Co^all, anb toe fato Ubetoire Sardinia,tobicb is an aiano fttbiect to Spain*. 
 "iZDrje t? iturjemomingtoetoereljarbbpSaidinia. ^be 15 toe bib fee an 3ilan»neereSkilia, 
 and an aiano on Africa Goe calico Cyiimbre, "She fame bap liketoife toefatoanjland callcu 
 Pantalaria, and tbat nigbt toe toere iljtoart tlje nntJDlebf Sicilia. "2Elje i<5 at nigbt toe toere as 
 farre as Capo Paffaro, toijtclj is tlje Sboutljeatt part of Sicilia. 'SDlje 24 toe toere put into apo?£ 
 calleu Porto deContc, in an 3!lanb calico Cephalonia : it is an out 3;Jano intbesominiousof 
 Grecia , and noto at tbis pjefent gouernedbp tlje g>tgno?p of Venice , as tlje reffof Grecia is; 
 toiBcrtbc&urkc, fo? tlje mod part* 3tbc 27 toe came from tljenee, anbtlj&tdaparriueaatZan- 
 te tobtcb is alfo in Grecia ; fo } at ibis p?efent toer entrco tlje parts of Grecia. %\yt fecono of 
 SCJarcIj toe came from Zante ; ano tije tt me bap toere tljtoart of an 3ilanti called Prodeno : ann 
 tljc 4 toe toere tljtoart of an 3land calico Sapientia. %btxz {tanoettjafatre CntoneanoaCa* 
 flic on tljc maine oucr agalnft it, calleb Modon. ^befame bap bp rcafon cf cent rarp tonuses toe 
 put backe againe to Prodeno, becaufe toe coulonot fettl) Sapicntia, Cbe nintb toe came front 
 tljence , anutoereas farre as Sapientia againe. ^Eljetentbtoe toereasfefrrefbotas Cauo M'a- 
 tapan; antj tljat cap toe entree tbc Archipelago , anbpaffebtb'ojotoi'ette'eeneCefigbanti Ca- 
 uo Malio. Cljis Cerigo isanaianbtobereoneMenelaustjtijfometimesrefgtie.from toboiwe 
 toasflollenbp Paris faire Helena , anbearrieo to Trey, as ancient Eecojocsboebetlgre, 'Cbe 
 fame bap toe IjaB figlj t of a little Jilano calleb Bellapola > anb tib (tfeEtotfefeebotb tlje M ilos , be* 
 tug Jianbs in tlje Archipelago, ■Cljc 1 1 in tbe tno?nihg toe toere fjaro bp an 31la«vo calico FaU 
 conara,anotbe31lantiof Antemila. 'Slje 1 2 in tlje moaning toe toere bettoeene Fennenia ana 
 Zca,btingl)0tlj3llant)S. ^.batnigrjttoee toere bettoeene Negropbnte anb Andri, being like* 
 toife Jilanos. dje 1 3 in tbe mo jning toe toere Ijaro bp Pfara ano Satafo-, being 3|l&nbs nine o? 
 tenne miles from Chio, ano coulo not fetcljChio* &o-tocputroometoitfjapo?tinMetclincal« 
 les Sigra,anu about nine oftberlocke at nigljt toe ankercotbere. 'ULljei^ toe came from tljence^ 
 tlje Grteentlj toe put into Porto Delfi . ©ijlspo?tis p€ngliffj miles to tlje J^ojtljtoato of tlje 
 CitpofChio, (anoitmapbettoelucoftbetrmiles) tbiSmgljttoeSapcbint^efapbpoje, beinoj 
 in tlje aianrj of Chio. 3£ben toent our S^arcljant ano one 0? ttoo toitljbt'm to ifeeCttp of Chio. 
 9nt> tofeen tlje By,toljo is tbe gouernour of tbe 31lano (and is in tljeir language a Duke) Ijau com* 
 munebtoitljtljcg^arcbant, ano ttjofe tljat toere toitk bun, anobnberCooDofourarrfuaUtoitbin 
 bisoominion, tbe bap follotoingljearmebljis gallics, ano came to toelcomeourarnbaflaBottr, 
 accompanien toitb tljc Ermine, tljat is, tlje Rings CuGomer,anoaIfo tlje ^rentb ConfiiUj toitfe 
 ciuersof tlje cbiefe of tlje Citp, anooffercbbimasmacbfnenoujipasbecoulDojtooulDbeGre t 
 fo? Ije bio offer to atteno bpon bs, anb totoe bs if nccb toere to tbe Cafllcs. 'Cbe 2 1 toe beparteo 
 from tljtnte , ann tljat nap pafleo b^ po?t Sigra agaiite, %bi$ ilano of Metelin is part of Afia, 
 anoisnecretoNatolia. 'Oje 22 toepaffeDbpabcarjIanocaHcbBaberno,anbisalfoinAfia. 
 3nD tljat oap at nigbt toe palfebbp tbejCe ofTenedo, partofAfia, anbbpanotljerSilanbeal* 
 lea Maure. 9no tljc fame bap toe paffeb tljo?oto tbe Grafgbts of Galipoli, anb bp tbe <£afiles,ann 
 alfo bp tbe 'Cotonc of Galipoli it felfe, toljicbflancetb inEuropa. 9no tljat nigbt toe toereitt 
 Ggljt of Marmora tobttb is neere Narolia,anopartofAfia. %\)t 23 in tlje morning toe toere 
 tfetoart of Amelia, ano tljat nigbt toe ankcreb in Silauria. %ht 24 in tbe morning tlje S©arcbant 
 ano tlje Pilot toere fct en lanotogoe to tbe Citp about tbe 9mbaffaboursbuGneffe, buttbere 
 tljeg cottlu not lano becaufe toeljao tbe toinoe faire. ®ljat place oF fome is called Ponte grande, 
 ano is foure antittoentp miles ontljisGoeof Conftantinople,anbbecaufccftljetointe,tbep£ol« 
 lotoebintbe fkiffebntilltl;ep came to a place calico Ponte picola, anotljereisalittlebn'oge, it 
 Ganrjetljcigbt'EurljiBimilfsfromConHantinople, tbere tlje sparcbantanbtbelPilotlaiicco. 
 9t tbisbjiogefs an Ijoufecf tbe great burkes toitlj a faire ©aroen belonging bnto it, neere tlje 
 tobicbis a point calleo Ponta S. Stephano, ano tljeretlje fljippe anferrto tljat oap. %Vt 26 cap 
 tbe fl;ijJ wine to rl;e feiteu 'SEotostSjanb tlje 27 toe came newer* %\% 29 tbtxt came tb}u gallics* 
 
 to 
 
 Galata. 
 
 Sardinia 
 
 Fauagniana. 
 
 Cifimbri. 
 
 Fantalaiu. 
 
 Sicilia. 
 
 C. PalTaw. 
 
 Potto iie Conte 
 
 in Cephalonia, 
 
 Zante. 
 
 Prodeno. 
 Sapicntia. 
 Modon. 
 
 C. Matapan. 
 Cctige. 
 
 C.Malio. 
 Menclaus. 
 
 Bellapola. 
 
 OSoil) Milos. 
 
 Talconara. 
 
 Antcn-.ib. 
 
 Fermenii.Z.'-'a. 
 
 Negroponte. 
 
 Andti. 
 
 Pfata. Satafo. 
 
 Sigra,ill)0!tM 
 
 Metelin. 
 
 Porto Delfin. 
 
 1L\)e tits Of 
 Cbio. 
 
 2825?. 
 
 Ermin, OJ cju* 
 ROIIIIC 
 
 Babetno. 
 
 Tenedo, 
 
 Maure. 
 
 Galipoli. 
 
 Marmora. 
 
 A'aclia. 
 Silauria. 
 
 Ponte grande. 
 Ponte picola. 
 
 PonteS. Ste- 
 
 fhano. 
 
c i he i.yqy.to tonft. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 169 
 
 to bjing Ds bp further : anD toljen tlje fljippe came agatntt tlje great ^urtw palace, toe fljot off all SSJgJgfj 
 otic jotnancc to the number of fourc anD tljtrtp pieces, 'Cijen lanoeo our 9 mbaffaDour,anD then coniLdnllpie. 
 \ot oifcbargcD foure anD ttoentp picces,toho toas recciueD toithmoje tben fifty 0} tbjeefcojc men 
 onbo?febache. €hentntbof3pjilbe pjefcnteD tbe great Baila tottb Ore clothe 0, foure cannes £">«»'•*««&« 
 of Gluer Double gilt, ano one piece of finebollano, ano to tijjec otber Baflas, tbat 10 to Cap, tbc ft-- p°fftSetie 
 cono Bafla, tobicb is a geloeo man, ano bis name is Mahomet Bafla, to tbc crjiro tobo martcD tbc 9' eat Bafla - 
 great ^turhs fitter, anototbefourtb tohomthep call Abraham Bafla , toettirponeoftljcfe be 
 gatie fourcclotljes, jfiioto, befojetlje great Bafla, ano Abraham Bafla, attbeirreturncfrom annan(j«ift 
 tbe Court (ano as toe thiuke at otber times, but at that time fo? a certatue) tbere came a man in K^ $™% t 
 maner cf a foole, toljo gaue a great (bout tb?ee 0? foure ttmts,crptng rjerp bolloto!p,tbe place re= Bam. 
 bounoeo toitb tbe found, ano tbis man, fap thep, is a prophet of Mahomet, his armes ano legges 
 naken, on his ftet be did toearetoooooen pattens of ttoo fojts, inhishanD, a flagge.oj dreamer 
 fet on a Ujojt fpcarepatnteo , be carneo a mat anobottcls, ano other twmpcrp at bis backc , ano 
 fomctunesrjnDcr'ois arme, on bis heaD bebaDacappeoftobite£amelsljaire, fiat like an hcl= 
 met, tojitteu about tottlj letters, anoabotithisbeaoaltnnenrotole. Other ftruingmentbere 
 toeretotttjtbefapo Baflas, tottb reo attire on tbeir beaDs, much like jfrench booos, but tbe long 
 flappe ftmetooatfrnallettotoacDcs tbe eno, toitb 1'cufFcso? plates of mcttall, like bntotlje chape 
 ofa'iancieiuarmingftoujo, ttanoing on tbeir fojebeaDS like other 3!anifartcs. ^faefe Baflas St*"**' 
 entertainco be as foliotoctb : 4Ticft, thep bjougljt bs into a ball, tljerc to ttano on one fioe, ano our ummmtmn 
 ambaffaoottr ano gentlemen on tbe other (toe, tobo fate tbem Dotone on a bench couereD toitb car s ® e Bafl "- 
 pets, tbcambaffarjourtntbemtDft; on his left bano fate our gentlemen, ami on bis right bano 
 tlje autoes, ncrt to tbe ooo?e tobere tbeir matter goctb in ano out .* tbe common fo?t of Curkes 
 ttapeo in tbc Cotittparo, not fuffereoto comencerchs. SObenouc3mbaffaDourbaDu"tten balfe 
 an boure, tbe Baflas (&bo fate bp themfelues in an tnnerfmall roome) fent fo ? htm ; to toljom tbe 
 2mbalTao jur ano bis gentlemen toent : thep all ktfleo Ijts IjanD,ano pjefetulp returneD (tbe 9m< 
 baflarjour onelp crceptc D,tobo flapeft tljete.anD a Curks chaus toitb bim) toitb tbe 3mbau"aoour 
 ano bis gentlemen toent in alio fo msnp of our men a? tbere lucre pjefents to carp in , but tljefe 
 neither kifftD his bano no? taricD. after tbis 31 toent to biftt tbe cburcb of Santa Sophia, tobicb s«m«s op iii». 
 toas tlje cbiefe cburcb toben it toas the £b?ittians>anD noto is tbe ctjiefe fee ano cburcb of p?ima= 
 cieof tbis ■Surkepjcfent j befojea cittteo31 toas toilleo to put off mp (how, to tbeenD3I(houla 
 not pjophane tbeir cburcb, 3D being a Cljjitttan. "^he pillers on both Goes of tbe cfaurclj are berp *J ^SifjSZj, 
 cottip ano ricb, tbcic ipulpets feemelp ano SanDfome, ttoo ate common to p? eaclj in, tbe tbirb re-- 
 ftrueo onelp fo? their IPaftball. Ebe gtouijrJ is couereb toitb Cpats, ano tbe toallesbangco 
 toitb Capittrp, ^bcphauealfo tamps, in their cburcbeg, oneintbemibDleof tl;e cburcb of er- 
 cecDinggreatneffe, ano another in another part of tlje cburcb of cleane goloej 0} Double gilocD, 
 full as bigge as a barrel. Eouno about tbe cburcb there is a gailcrp builDeo bpon ricb ano ttatelp 
 P'llers. 'Cbat Dap 3 toasinhotb the rbappels, in one of tbe tohiclj lietb tbe Curkes father, ano 
 fiue of bis fonncs in tombes light cottip, toitb tbeir turbents berp toljite ano cle.ine, flufteo (as 
 tbcpfap) euccp jfrtDap, tbepbenotontbfitbeaDs, butttaiiDonnioulDesmaDefojtbatpurpofe, 
 St tbe £noes,ouer, ano about their tomues ate belts, IikegirDlc?, befetiuitbictoeis. 31ntljeo= 
 tfjercbappell are foure otber of bis fonnes, ano one Daughter, tnlikeoper. Sintbcnrttcbapprll 
 isatljing fourc foot bigb.coucrcD toitb greene, befcttottb mother of pcatlebcrp ricblp. Z. bis is 
 a reliqtte of Mahomet,anD ttanoetb on the left Hoc of tbe heaD of the great 'Surfcs tombe, %l)tfe 
 cbappels bane tljcir floojes couereD , anD their toalles Ijangeo toitb ^Capittrie of great pjice , 31 
 coulo balue the couering anD hangings of one of tbe chappelss , at no leffe then fiue ljunD?en 
 pounDes, beCDcs tbeir lamps bangmgricblp gilDeo, "SLhefe cbappels haue tbeir roofts curiottllp 
 tojottgbt toitb rit() Rone, anD gtloeo, ^no tljere lie tlje bookes of their tatoes fo? euerp man to 
 wane. Hty 1 1 oap of apjtl tlje fijippecamc to the JSepof tbe Cuttomeljouft. ®hje 1 e'tlje 9nt' me%to*6?["" 
 baffacour anDtoehis men toent to tlje Captatne Bafla, tobotsaomiralloftbe feas, btsnameis 5? 1I m L 6oure : r 
 Vchali, be tooulo not receiuebs into bis boufe, but into bi? gallic, toDeliuerourp;cfcnt, tobicb noii)jctn««h' 
 toas as follotoetb: foure pieces of clotb>ano ttoo Gluer pots gilt $grauen. ^bepoopeo^fterne ^f 1 """" 
 of bis gallp toas giloeo both tottbin anD toitbout , ano bnoer bis feet , anD tobere Ije fate toas all 
 couereD toitbberp rich Capittrp, ©ur ambaffaoour ano IjtS gentlemen kifleD bis banc, ano tbc n 
 tlje gentlemen toerecommanocDouc, anbour 3mbaffaDour fate Dotonebp him ok his left hano, 
 ano tbe chaus flooo before bim, 2Dur men might toalke in tbe gallp fo?e ano after, fome of Ds ta-- ct)C SiiBb 4 
 rieo, ano tome toent out againe, %\)t gallp baD feucn pieces of b?affeinbcrp?otoc, fmallnnb etofromsig 
 great, fijebaDtbtrtp bankes 0? oaceson either Goe, anDateuerpbankeajoarefctienmetuo ^"ft"'"' 
 rotoe. Hbe 18 Dap tlje fljippe toent from the ISep. 9.nD ai tlje 9Dnuralltookehtsleaueoftbe %& sttaniraii 
 great Curke , being bouuD to tlje &ea toitb Gre anD tljirtp gallics , bcrpfaiteip bcautifieo toitb ?^Sa"* m 
 
 P fciloino; 
 
soma repairs 
 'in tjicgrtiit 
 
 ■Carta const 
 
 •SIfietmf train- 
 men! fttBinmr 
 ofttjcMmljafi 
 'aaours men- 
 
 170 The EngMi Voyages,Nauigauons, Theuyqy.to Confl. 
 
 giloing anti painting, ano befet teitb flap ano dreamers, all the lutuclj games Dtlchargco tljeir 
 Djoinance : ano tee foj ljts feretoell gaue bim one ano tteentp pieces. iS^cn be tocnt to big houfe 
 teith his gallics , ano the 2 2 be toent to cljc Q>ea , ano the CaOle tijat ftanbetlj in the toater gaue 
 fjitn fottretcenc ? fijccc cue pieces : anDtobcnbe came again!! the dirks Seraglio befljot off all 
 ^hc3(mtiaira> his caliucts ano his great pieces, ano fo bee toent rjistuap. Ctje 24 out 9mbaltaeour toent to 
 the (Court, toljofeentertaincmcnttoitb thcoioct thereof folloteetlj. (ELlben tocecamefirdon 
 lanotljete teas toap maoe fo; Us bp tteoo; tb;eeBaflaes ano otuers chaufes on b9;febacketoitl) 
 tljeir men on foot, toaccompanp our gmbaffaeourtothe Court, 9lfo tbcp b;ougbtljo;fcg fo; 
 Ijim ano bis gentlemen fo; to riee , tebicb. teere berp ricblp f urnifljeo : ano bp the teap tljere met 
 totthua otbec chaufes to accompany us to the Court, Whoim came there tee epafliotbo;oto 
 ttoo gates, at the fecono gate tljere Hood berp manp men toitb bojfes attenoingon tljeir matters. 
 CClljen tee came toitljin that gate tee teere toitbin aberp faire € urt pare, in compaffe t toifr fo 
 btgge as Pauls Church- pace. ©n tlje right bano of the fapnCourt teas a faire gallerielike an 
 9llep, ano teitbin it lucre placcorailcs ano fuel) other p;ouiGom On tlje left Hoe teas tlje like, 
 balfctljeCourcoucrtittoasotuiDeomtottoBparts, tljeinnermoit fairertben theotber, Clje 
 other part of that fine is the place inhere the Conn cell doc bfuailp fit , ano at the inner eno of 
 tljat is a faire place to fit in > much like bnto that place in Pauls Cburcrj-paro , tobere the S©aio; 
 ano his b?ctbien bfe to fit, thither teas our 9mbnffaoour b;ougbt, ano fet in that place. cCUtbw 
 that fapoe place is another lifce open roome, tebereheeoiocate. atTooncastocecamcin, teee 
 teere placeo in the innermott alley of the fecono roome , on the left fioe of the Court , tobicb teas: 
 fp;cao toith carpets on the grouno fourefcojx 0? fourefcojc ano tenne foot long, toitb an ljune;eo 
 ano fiftie feueralloifbes fet rbereon, that is to fap, Sainton boileo ano rodeo, Hiceoitterflp o;ef= 
 feo, fritters of the fineftfafljion, ano Didjes oaintilp eight toitb p;ittppappc, toith infinite 0* 
 tbers,3l knote not bote to erp;cffe them. '(Lie l;an alfo rofleo il) tnnes teitb funo jp fo;ts of fotoles 
 tomebnknotoen, Che gentlemen ano tee fate ootenc an the grouno, fo;itig tljeirmanerfoto 
 f eeoe, djere teere alfo <S ;e ekes ano the rs fet to furniflj out the roome. Our ;inke teas maoe 
 toitb Eofe teater ano ^ugar ano fpices b;etoeo together. Cbofc that did ferue bs toitb it hab a 
 great bagge tieo ouer their fljotoloers, teith a bjoao belt like an arming belt full of plates of cop- 
 per ano gilt, teith part of tlje fapo bagge bnocr bis arme , ano the mouth in his banc : then he bad 
 aoeuife to let it out teben he teoulo into cuppes, toljen tee calico fo; ojinkc. C-Ijc 9mbaflaoout 
 tohnt hfcbao eaten, palfeobpbs, teith the chaufes afojefapo, ano fate him ootenc in an inner 
 roome. 'Chi? place tobere he fate teas agatull the gat£ tobere tee came in,ano haro bp tlje Coun* 
 cell chamber eno, fometobat on the left fioe of tlje CtfJltc, t^is teas at the Catt c no of the Court, 
 fo; tee came in at the GLIttt. 911 this time our p ;c fent s ttooo bp Us bntill tee bao oineo,ano Diner 
 once enoeo ,this teas tljeir o;eer of taking bp the Diftjes. Certaine teere calleo tn,lifee djefe of the 
 TMache garo in the Court of England, tlje ^Eurks calltb/cm Moglans. ithefecame in likcruoe 
 ano raucning ^attifs, teitbout o?o er 0; faujton, ano maoe cleane riooance : fo; he tebofc htmgrp 
 epe one oilb coulo not fill turneo tteo, one into the other ,ano thus cuen on the fuooenteas maoea 
 cleane riooance of all. Chen came certaine chaufes ano brought our gentlemen to fit teith the 
 9mbatfaoour. 3Immeoiatlp came officers fr appointee 31anifcrs to beare fro bs our pjefentB.tobo 
 carieb them on the right fioe of the Court , ano fet tbrm haro bp the ooo?e of the \p}iuv chamber, 
 as tee call it : there all things ttoooe fo; the (pace of an fjoure. %\w the 9mbaffabour ano his 
 (gentlemen fate fitll, ano to tlje S>outljtearo of them teas aooo;e tebereas the great Ctirke htm< 
 fclfc toent in ano out at , anoontbe&outb fiDcof that oooic fate on a bench alibis c^icfelo;bes 
 ano gentlemen , ano on the #2o;tb fioe of tlje ZGHeft gate ttcoo his garo , in number as 31 gede 
 them a tljoufano men. Chefc men baue on their he aos rouno cappes of mettall like fculles , but 
 tharpeintbetoppe, inthist^epbaue a bunch of ©ttriogefeathers, asbiggea0ab;ufl), teith tbc 
 to;ner 0; eoge fo;tearo : at the loteer eno of thefe feathers teas there a fmallcr feather, like tljofc 
 that are commonlp teo?n l)ere,^>ome of his garo bao final fiaues,? moffof tljem teere toeaponeo 
 teith botees ano arrotees, Iperc tljtp teatteo, During our abooe at tlje Court,to garo their Lop. 
 after the 3mbaffaoour teith tits gentlemen Ijao fitten an houre ano mo?e , there came th;ee 0; 
 fottre chaufes , anob;ougl)t them into tlje great Curkes p;efence, 9t the 1??iup chamber ooo;e 
 tteo noble men tooke tlje 9mbatfaOour bp tclj arme one, ano put tljeir fingers teitljin his flccues, 
 ano fo b;o tight him to tlje great % ttrkc tehere he fumptuoufip fate alone, ipe khTeo bis Ijano ano 
 flooo bpbntill allthe gentlemen teere b;ougljtbefo;eljim in likemaner, one bpone, anoleooe 
 backctearos againehis face totoarostbe Curke ; fo;thep might neither tarrp no; turnetheic 
 backs , ano in like maner returnee the 9mbafiaoour. Che falutation tb a t tlje j'-ioblc men did, 
 teas taking them bp tlje banes. 911 this time theptrooe on cloth ofgoiee, mottofthejfloble 
 mettrljat fate on tlje s&outbfioeof tbe^jiup cljamber fateliktteife on clot^ of goloe. S^anp 
 
 officers 
 
'7 1 
 
 
 l - i " ■ 
 
 J letter to the Q. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 
 
 officers oj 3lanifaries tljere lucre tomb ttaues , tobo Kept u erp gooo oioer.fo? no ^SLurae abactor* 
 
 aermigljc goeanp further tfjen tljeptoilleo l;im. St our 9mbaEaootirs entring tbcp follotoca 
 
 tbat bare bis p jefents, to fap,ttoelue fine tyoaD clotbcs,ttoo iiieces of fineboUanD,tenne pieces of ^Jf "J, S 
 
 plate Double gilt, one cafeof cantlcfttcks, tbe cafe tobereoftuasfcerp large, aim tijjee foot Ijigb aiicrjjiieicns. 
 
 ano inojie, two uerp great Cannes o? no ts.ano one letter, one b.ifm anD etoer, ttoo poppiniapes of 
 
 filuer, ttje one toitb tnio beaos x tljep mere to 6?tnhc in ; ttoo bottles toitb cbaines,tb jeefatre ma'- 
 
 flifa in coats of reooe clotb, tb?ee fpaniels, tnio bloootjounos, one common bunting IjounD, ttoo 
 
 grepbounDS, ttoo little Dogges in coats of filke : one cloche ualttcu at fittcbunnirDpounos iff r- 
 
 ungtouer it luas afojrett tnitb trfes of filiiec, among tbe tobicbtoere Deere cljafeD toitb Dogs, 
 
 anomenon bojfebacke follotoing , men D?atoing of mater, otbcrscarrpmgmine oareonbar* 
 
 rotoes : on tbetoppe of tlje clocfee ttooo a cattle, ano on tbe cattle a mill. 911 tl;efe toere of Bluer, 
 
 GnD the clocke toascounobeftt toitb tetoels, 311 tbe time tbat toe ttapeo attbr Councellcbam'- 
 
 berDoojctbep toere telling oj toeigbingofmonepcofenD into Perfia fo?bisS>oulDiourspap, 
 
 ■S^bere tocrc cacrieo out an bunD?eo ano t&ceanD tbirtp bags, anD in etierp bagge,as it teas tcloe 
 
 1)3, one tbottfano DtiCats , tobt'efr amottntetrj to tljjee buiiDjeD anD tbirtp tljoufano * , ano in 
 
 Ceding €ngltuj moitcp tofoitrcfcoje anD rtineteenc tljoufano uounDS. C&a Captaineof tbe 
 
 guaro in tlje meane time toent to tbe great ^Eurae , ano retumeD agatnc , tben tljcp of tbe <£ourc 
 
 tnaae obeifance to bim, botoing Dotone ttjeir beaos,ano t b cir banos on tljett b?caflc ,?.nD be in lift e 
 
 owcr refaltitco tljcm : be toas in clotb of Oluer, be u>ent anD came toitb ttoo o? tb?ec toitlj bim atin 
 
 nomo?e. l ?Pbtntt'ecu)entoutattbefirttgatc,anDtbcrenieu)erecommanD£DtottapimtilItbc 
 
 ^aptaine of tlje gunro toas pattco bp ano all bis gnarD toitb bim,part before bim ano pact uebmoe 
 
 tym, tome on Ijo jfebacfeeano font? on foot , but tbe moflpart on foot carrping on tfjeir ujotttoers 
 
 tbe monep before mentioncb, arnifotoepatteD.bome. £beretoasintljei£BurtDiuingouraboDe 
 
 jljcre, foj tbe mott part a foole refcmbling tbe firtt, but not nafeeD as toas tbe otljer at tlje Baflas : 
 
 imt be turneD bim cotinuallp,? crieo ^ougb ucrpbollotolp. Ebe tbiro of 2j9ap 3! fato tbe Curhe 
 
 go to tlje cburclj: be Ijao moje tljen ttoo bur.Djeo anD fifty bojfes before ano bebiuoe bim,but mott 
 
 jbefoje bim. ^EJjete lucre manp emptp bcjXcs tljat cameinnoojDer* Cpanp of big j^ouilitie toere 
 
 in clotb of goloe, but Ijtmfclfe in toljite fattin. Cbere DiD rioe beljinoe bim fire o? fcuen potitljcs, 
 
 one o? ttoa tobercof carciCD toatec to j bim to Djinae as tl;ep fapD. tLhcte toere manp of bis gnarn 
 
 running before bim anD bcljiiiDc Ijim, ano toben l;e aligljtcD, tljep crieD %>ougb uerp Ijollotolp, ns 
 
 tbeafojtfapsfoolcS. 
 
 A letter o£Muftapba (%aus to the Queenes moft 
 .. excellent Maicftic. 
 
 ^ErenKTima, prudentiflima, & facra Regia Maieflas, domina mill! Temper clementifr 
 S lima, meorumfidcliumofficiorumpromptam paratiffimamquecommendatiQnem. 
 Geileroius &virtubfusGulielmus Hareborne legatus veftra: facra- Maieflatis vehic 
 ad portam excelliffimam potemiflimi & inuiftifsimi, & femper Auguftifsimi Cxfa- 
 ris Sultan Murad Can,cuiDeus omnipotensbenedicac. Etquanto honore, quanta dignitate, 
 quantaquebumanitatcaHorumconfcederatorumlegati accipiuntur, p.rsfatusquoquelegatuS 
 Vefter tan:a reuerentia, tantaque amplitudinc acceptus & collocacus eft in porta excelfilsiraa. 
 Et "pofthac fubditi & homines veftn facrce Maieftatis ad ditiones omnes Cxfareas venire, fit 
 fua negocia traftare, & ad fuam patriam redirc fine impedimento,vt in literis excelfifsimi.po- 
 ten:ifsimi,&inui6tifs:mi 1 & femper Auguflifsimi Cxfaris ad veftram facrain Regiam Maiefta- 
 tem datis facile patct, tranquille & pacifice poflunt, Ego autem imprimis diligentem operam 
 & fidelc ftudium & nunc eodem confirmando nauaui, & in futurum quoque vfque in vltimurh 
 tita: fpiritum in negotijs potentifsimi & inuiftifsimi Cxfaris, & veftra; facrx Regis Maiefta- 
 tis egregiam nauabo operam. QuodDeusomnipotens ad emolumentum&vtilitaterh vtri- 
 uique Reipublicse fecundet. Amen. Sacram Regiam Maleftatem fcelicilsime valereexopto. 
 Datum Conftantinopoli anno i «87, die odtauo Mail. 
 
 A letter of theEnglifli Ambafladour toM. Haruie Millers, appoin- 
 ting him Confiill for the Englifh nation in i^ilextndria, Cairo, and other 
 
 places otEgyft, 
 
 9uing to appoint our Confull in Cayro, Alexandria, Egypt, anD otrjer parts aofa« 
 tent, to? tbefafe protection of botp anD gooDS of ber ^aicflics fubiects ; bcvngtocll 
 perfmaDeD of pour fufftcient abilitie ; in bcr Spaiefliesname 31 Doe elect ano matte 
 c^otfe of pou, gooD frieno Haiuie Millers, to erecutc tbe fame toojiljipfttll office, as 
 
 P j SbflU 
 
 =•- 
 
171 The Englifh Voyages.,Nauigations, M.Will* Hat borne, 
 
 fijall be rcQuirco fa? her i$)aieftics3 better feruice, tlje commooitp ot bet fttbiects, ano mp contes- 
 tation: bauing ana inioping fo? merit of pour ttauell in the p?emifles the like remuneration tnrt« 
 tent to tljereftofours in fitch office in otljerpartsof tljtsC;mpice, Requiring pou (allothcraf* 
 fairesfctaOoe) to repairc thither toJitherpeDition, ano attenbbponthis pour charge, tul)irl} tlje 
 SImigbtp grant pouiueil to accomplice .jfo? the biieerectttionMjereof.toebcmtoitbfenDpou 
 tbeGrand Signiors patent of pjiuilege toith ours , anb toihat els isneebfull therefore, in fo am* 
 pic mancr,as anp other Confull tohofoeuer Doeth 0? map eniop tlje fame* 3Jn npo tDbereof,acco?= 
 bing to mpbounoeuouetp to herSgaicftp our moft gracious ^iflreue, 3 iuillbereabpaltoapeiS 
 to emplop mp fclfe to tlje generaii benefit oftjer ^aiellies fubiects, fo? pour maintenance in all 
 ittftcaufes inciDenttotljefame. &no thus eftfooncs requiting anb commanDtngpcttagabcue* 
 fapn, to perfomte mp requeft, 31 bib pou moft heartilp toell to fare, anb bettre ©obto blcfle pou, 
 JTrom mp maafton Rapamat nigh Pcra this 2 5 of 3p ?il 1 5 8 3 * 
 
 Commiflion giuen by M. William Harehorne the Englifh Am- 
 
 baffadour, to Richard ForTier^ authorifinghim Conful of the Englifh na- 
 tion in the parts oiAlepo, Damafco, Anutn, Tripoli^, Iernfalem t &c, 
 
 7*m^~%M William Harborne , her "SpaieflEieg ambaffaDOUr , Ligicr toith the Grand 
 
 •"'■'•■' B Signior, fo? the affaires of the Leuameoe inberSlNefiiegname confitme 
 
 ano appoint Richard Forftcr (Sentleman, mp iDcputie ano Confull in tlje 
 
 partsof Alepc^Damafio, Aman, Tripolis, Ierufalem, anb all Other po?t£C 
 
 tohatfocttcr in tlje p?ouinccs of Syria,Pale(lina, anb lurie, to ejrecute the of- 
 fice of Confull otter all our jQation her Spaieftiesfubiccts, of toljat elfate oj 
 'qualttpfoetter : gining him hmbp full potter to DefenD, pjotctt, anb main* 
 taineall fuel; her spaietties fubicccs as to him ujallbeobeoient, in all boneft atin ittftcaufes 
 tobatfocuer : anb in like cafe no lefie potter to impn'fon, puniuj, ano correct anp ano all fuch as 
 hefljallfinbeDifobeDienttobtmin thelikecaufes, ruen in fitch o^Dcrasjmpfelfemfghtbocbp 
 becttte of her ^.riefttes Commifltan giuen me tlje 16 of5i3ouember 1582, the copie toljereof 
 31 haue annereo to this p?cfent bneer Ijec ^aiefties §>cale beliuereb me to that bte, fetraightlp 
 charging ano commanoing all her ^aiefties fubiects in thofe parts,ag thep brill cuoiu her lpigb» 
 mffeDirpleafureanBthcicotoneharmes, to honour his autho?itie, anbbaiteDucrcfpertbntothe 
 fame , aiting ano aflilUng him tljere brith their perfons anb goobs tn anp caufe rcquifit to bee 
 gpatefttcsgooij feruice, ano comtwo&tie of her Dominions, 3lntoitncfletoherecf3Ujaue confir* 
 meoanDfealcD thefep?efentsat Rapamat mpmanfionboufe bpPeraoueragainflConftaiuino- 
 ple,tlje2G0f3iuneij8j» 
 
 ' Alefterofdireftions of theEnglifii AmbaflacJourtoM.^/'cWi 
 
 For fie ^appointed the firft Englifh Confull at Tripoli; in Syria. 
 
 * ©ttfin Forfter,thefe fetu boojbs are fo? pour remcmb?ance tohen it ujallpleafe 
 
 jltueSllmightp to fens pou fafe arriuall in Tripolis of Syria, COhen it fljallpleafe 
 
 '(SootofenDpoutljitljcr, pou aretocertificour Ration at Tripolis of tlje cer* 
 
 ■ taine bap of pout lancing, to tlje cnb thep both map faaue their houfe in a re abi» 
 
 ) neffe , ano alfo meet pou pcrfonallp at pour entrance to accompanp pou , beino; 
 
 » pour fclfe apparelleb in tlje beffmancr, ^henert,fcconb, o?tbitbDap, aftec 
 
 pour comming , gittc it out tfjat pou be crajeo anb not tocil cifpofeb , bp meanes of pout tra« 
 
 ttcll at^jea, buringtoljichtime, pou ano thofe there are moft totfelp to oetermmemu)batnia« 
 
 ncrpou are top?cfcntpour,felfetotheBeglerbi, Cadi, anb other officers : tofaotuerp of tljtm 
 
 flretobep?efcnteo acco?omg to tlje o?ocr accttftomeo of others fo?mcrIpinltke office: Uibicfj. 
 
 after the note of Iohn Blanke, late JUice-conftill of Tripolis fo? the .jfrench , oeliueren pou. 
 
 heerettiitb, isberpmuclj t anothcrefo?e , if thereof pou can faue anp thing, 31 p?ap pou Doe it, 
 
 asauoubtnot but ppu SoilU ^Ijep are togiue pou there alfo another 3!ant?at!£e accojntncc, 
 
 as tlje f renclj batlj|ii)bofe outbato p?ocecbings pou are to imitate ano follo&;,infuch fo?c 
 
 as pou bee not his inferiour, acco?oing as thofe of our Ration ljceretofo?frli)ith ht»» "C s 
 
 Dent cantnfcijme pou* touching pour bemcanour after pour placing, pou are tuifelp top?o». 
 
 cecoe conliDerttig both Jf tench ano Otnctian mill hauc an enuious tpe en pen : tohome if 
 
 tljep pcrceitie Uiife ano baell aouifeo , tljep luill feare to offer pou anp iniutte, Kut if tljep 
 
 fijall percciue anp infttfficientie m pou , tijep toill not cmitte anp occaHon to hatme pou. 
 
 ^hepare ftibtile, maJiciotiSj anb Diffembung people, tofjerefojc pou muftaitoapssbaue their 
 
 boings 
 
MWiU.Harborne. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 
 
 m 
 
 Doingsfb? fuCpectco, anD toanlp toalke mall pour actions : tisercin tf pou call fojQpoDsDtuiiie 
 affittatice j as ootlj become e uerp faitbfull gooD (Oj)iaian, tb? fame (ball in fucb fo?t Direct poti as 
 be (ball be glojifieD , pourfclfe pjcferueo , pour Doings bleffeo , ano pour enemies confotutDeD. 
 mijid) if contrarptoife pott omit ano fojget, pour enemies malice fbalbefatiffico toitlj pour con* 
 fulion, to!ricb<SoDDefenD, anD fo? bis mercies fake keepe pou. touching anpoutlopersofouc 
 nation, toljicb map happen to come tljttljer to traffifee , pou are not to fuffer , but to imp jtfon tlje 
 cljiefe officers, anD fuffer tlje red not to trafftke at anp time, anD together enter in fucb bonus as 
 poutljinkemeete, tbat both tljep (ball not Deale in tlje Grand Signiors Dominions, anoalfonot 
 tiarmc,During tljeirbopage,anp bis fubiects ftjippes, beffrls.o]! tobatfoeuer othcr.but quictlp oe* 
 part out of tlje fame countrp toitljout anp IjarmeDoing,. 9m> touching tbofc there fo? tlje compa* 
 tip , pou are to DefcnD them accojoing to pour pjiuileoge $ faclj commanDements as pott Ijauc !;aa 
 ljcnce,intlje beCojDcrpoumap. 3ln all anD euerp pour actions, at anpbattD,betoareofra(bticlfe 
 ano anger, after botljtoljiclj repentance follotoetb. touching pour Dealings in tljeir affaires of 
 marcljamufe, pou are nottoDeale otbertoifetljenin fecret anocounfell, iDouare carefullpto 
 fojefee tlje charge of the boufc, tljat tlje fame map be in all Ijonrff meafurc to tlje companies p?o« 
 Btano pourotonebealtlj through moDerationinoiet, anDattbebcffbanD, ano in Due time to 
 pjouioe tbings neeDfull, to faue tobat map be : fo? be tljat bupctlj euetp thing tube" be nccoetb it, 
 Ijarmetbbisotone boufe, ano belpetljtfje retailer. g>o asuis,inmittcopinion,toifDometofo?e= 
 fee tlje buping of all tljinge in tljeir natiue fotlc, in Due time, auo at tlje firil bano euerp peere, ass 
 pou are to feno tbecompanp tbe particular accounts of the fame crpenfes, ©oucljingpour felfc, 
 pouaretocaufc tobecmplopcDfiftpo? tbjeefcoje Dttcats s videlicet, ttoentptngicpe, auo tlje 
 te8in<§>ptccs,to!jereoftljemou"part to be U3eppcr,toljerEoftocfprttDberpntucb. &bcg>picr3 
 aretobep^ouiDeobpourfrienD William Barrac.anDttie&opebuppouatpourfirSarrittall, fo? 
 tbattbis fljippelaDing tbe fame commocitp toill caufc it to amount tupjt'ee. from our maitfton 
 Rapamat,tlje 8ft of September ij8j» 
 
 A letter to the right honourable Vftttiam Harehorne her Maiefties 
 Ambaffadour with the Grand Signior from Alger. 
 
 ' 31gbt bono?abIe, toe Ijaue receiuec pour bono js letters DateD in Conftantinoplc 
 j tbe 5 of j3oucmber , anD accojDinglp ncliuereD tbatf nclofeo to tlje king of tljis 
 i place, requiring of him, accojDingaspouoiDconuttanDbsiuhetSpirQiesi 
 name, tljat be tooulD bouebfafe to giue oper to all Ijis Captaines f Eaies ttjat 
 > none of tljem fljoulD meDDle tottb our Cnglifl) ftjippes comming o? going to o j 
 - from tbcfe parts,foj tbat tljep batterer not to paffe bp tlje Chjt8ian roaif ,but 
 Bpon tbe coaff of Barbary, ano fljetoing bim of tlje cbartcr gtucn bp tbe Grand Signior,requitina; 
 him in like cafe tbat fo> tbe better fulfilling of tbe amitp.f rienDftjip ano boIp league bettoeene tlje 
 Grand Signior ano bet 8j9aieffp,be tooulD giue bs fiue oj fir fafeconbuctsfo? our fijips, tbat mee* 
 ting toitb anp offjisgallieso? galliots, tbep might not meoole toitljtbcm neitber (boot at them; 
 tobomaocmcanflrerebe tooulD tie itljcr giue mc anpfafeconbuctnoj commiffiontoljismenof 
 toar not to meDDle toitb tljem , foj tbat be trttficn to take font c of tljem this pere, anD maoe goon 
 account thereof, 31 n like maner 31 fpake to tbe cljicfe of tbe 3!anifers ano tbe Jteucnts,tobo maoe 
 me anftnere.the belt Ijope tljep bao tljis pere toas to take fome of tljem.ano altbottgb tljep baue tbe 
 Grand Signiors commanDcmcnt toe care not there fo jc : fo; toe toill bp policp , o; one meanes oi 
 other pjouoke them to (boot fome ojDinance, toljicljiftbcpDobutoncpiece,thepcaceisb?oken, 
 amj tbep be gooo pjrjes, 3no fome of tbem fap furtber , toe care not fo? tljeir fafeconDtict , fo? if 
 tljep Qjeto it bs, toe toill conuep it atoap,toe are furc tbe bogs cannot be beleeueD againff bs. 'She 
 p^emiffes confiDereD,pour bono? is toitlj all fpceD to procure tbe Grand Signior bis fauo?ab(e let' 
 ters Directeo to Hazan, tlje Caop, Captaines, 31anifers, 9 i. euents, S another like to Romadan 
 Baffa,king of Tripolis,comanDing tbem in no maner tobatfoeuer to Deale tottb our <£ngl:(b fijips 
 bouno into thofe parts o j returning thence toitb their commooities, although tbep fijottlo (boot 
 one at anotljer : fo? toben our Ojips (ball meet tljem, fo j tbat, as pour bono? is aouertifeD, tlje gal< 
 lies of Carthagena,FJorcnce,SiciIia anD Malta baue maoe a league to take all our Blips comming 
 in 0} goingout of tbe Grand Signiors Dominions, tljerefo?e if tljep meet toitb anp of tbefe gallics 
 of Alger o} Tripolis.tljinking tljep beof tbem, ano not knotting tbem a far off, tbep map (boot at 
 t!jem , tobtcb if therefore tbep fijoulD make tbem pn^es , toere againff (Sods latocs , tbe G ran d 
 Signior bis Ieague,afl reafon ano confcicnce.confiDering tbat all the tooBD Dotlj knoto that £©ar= 
 cbants ftjips laoen toitlj marcbanoife do not feeke to figljt tottb men of toarre.but contraritotfc to 
 ucfeno tbemfelues from tbem,tobcn tbep tooulD do tbem batme, Wifytttfoie if pour bono} bonot 
 
 P 3 ges 
 
-""— - '-'-f- 1 
 
 174. The English Voyages,Nauigations., Tbo. Shingleton* 
 
 get out ttoo letters of the Grand Signior as afojefapo, $ feitD them hither toith all fpceo bp feme 
 one of pout gentlemen accoinpanieo toith a chaus oftfee Court, oj fome other of the Grand Sig- 
 ners fetuanis, it is impoflible that our CngliGj fhips can efcape freelp from thefe 0} tlje Cb?tHt« 
 ans : foj either thep mult of fo?ce go on the Cbn'ffian roaft, ano fo fall into their hatins , 0? els on 
 this eoafi, ann fall into the Rings of this totone 3 o js Tripolis, their banrjs,tobtch if tbcp lhoulti,toiH 
 tteuer be recouereo. 8no if pour hono j cannot cbtaine this tbtng,3l befteclj pour bono? in the be* 
 fcalfe of all the Cnglift) marchants (tobo fent me hither to foltoto fuch o?ber as ponr bono? ujouln 
 giue me) to cer title her S^aiefipi to the cno that thep map be commanDeo to leaue off traffique.arttj 
 not tolofe their gooDs,ant) her poo je fubiccts the Spanners. 9ntj thus humblp taking mp leaue, 
 3 DeKfi fram troubling pour hono?, jTrom AJgier the tenth of jfebjuarp 1585, 
 
 A letter of M. Harhorne to Muftapha, challenging him for his 
 difhoneft dealing in translating of three of the GrandSignior 
 
 his commandements. 
 
 Omine Muftapba, nefcimus quid fibivelit, cum nobis mandataad finem vti- 
 
 1 lemconceflapcrpcramreddas^ua'malcfcripta, plusdamni, quam vtilitatis 
 
 'adfcrant:quemadmodumconilatextribusieceptismandaus t inquibusiuin- 
 
 j mum aut principaledeeft aut aufertur. In pofterum noli itanobiicum agere. 
 
 ) lea enim ludibrio erimus omnibus in noftrum & tuum dedecus. Cum nos 
 
 l multarum a&ionum fpem Turcice fcriptarum in tua prudentia reponimus, 
 
 Itaprouideredebes, vt noneuenianthuiulmodi mala. Quocirca deincepscum mandatum 
 
 aut fcriptum aliquod accipias,verbum ad verbum conuertaturin Latinum fcrmoncm, nedam- 
 
 num infequatur. Nofti multos habere nos inimicos conatibus noftris inuidentes, quorum 
 
 malitia: veftra: eft prudentia: aduerfari. Hinoftri, Secretarius & minimus interpres exnoftra 
 
 parte dicent in tribus illisreceptis mandatis errata, Vt deincepsfimileserroresnoneuenianc 
 
 precamur. Ifta emendeSj&cjEteraSereniffim2regia:Maieftatisnegocia,vtidecetveftra;con- 
 
 ditionis hominem, melius cures. Nam vnicuique luo officio ftrenue eft laborandum vt debito 
 
 tramite omnia fuccedau t : quod fpero te fa6turum. Bene vale. 
 
 The Paiport in Italian granted to Tliomas Shingleton 
 Englishman, by theking otAlgier. 1 58 3 . 
 
 ,Oi t/fJJanBafha Vicere &lochotenente e capital? delta iurifditione Jegsflgier 
 doniamo e concediamo liberofaluo condutto ,* Thomas ShingletonwwrWawte, 
 
 F cbepojftconfao vajfello e mar rami de che nationefefiano , e mercadantia di qualji 
 voglta nattone, andare & venire, e negotiare, e contrattare liberamente in queUa 
 
 J cilt a de z/Ilgier & altri lochi de la noflra iurijditione coji di ponente comi di Le~ 
 uante : gr cofi anchor a commandiamo deaf it an dimare di asflgier & d' altri lo- 
 chi de noftra ittrifditione , Rail de Vajfelli efr capitani de Leuante , & altri capitani di vajfelli tamo 
 grofficonsopicholi,ficommanda*cjiial[ivoglia. , chetrouande ilfepradetto Thomas Shingleton 
 Ingle fe nelli mart di Genua, Francia, Napoli, Calabria, e Sardigna confuo vaffello e mercantia, & 
 hominide che nationifipano, nonglidebbamcliftare,nepiggliare,netoccarecofadeneffitnamaner& 
 tanto di denare, como di qttalfi voglta altra robba, fotto la pena e difgratia dtperdtr la vita (£* la rob- 
 ba : St per quanta hauete a caro la gratia del Gran Stgnor noflropatrone Soltan Murates O t toma- 
 no j lolafctarete andare perjito camino fen^adargli nejfunoimpedimcnto, "Data in tsflgieri tiitia- 
 ftro reggio Palazzo, fgillato delno(lro reggiofgtllo, efermatodcllagranferma, &firitto delne- 
 ftroreggioSecretariojldi 23 de Ienaro,i j8j t 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 WCAflanBai/ha Qfaerop ann lietitenaut.anti captaine of the um'fbrcticn of A Igier, giue 
 ann grant free fafeconouct to Thomas Shingletonmarchantjthatitttthhis fljtpano ma* 
 liners >of tohat nation foeuer thep be,$toith hismarthantii?eef tofjat countrep foeuer,tjemap go 
 amj come,aniitratic$traffil?efreelpintl)iscitp of Aigier, anrj other places of our iurifDiction.as: 
 tocll ofthcSUcft asofthcCaff. 3nt>inuiu>ro?t toe further commanntlje captaine of the fea of 
 Algier.ann other places of our iurifbictiort, the Reiz of neffels 9 captaines of the Leuant, $ other, 
 captaines of uelfels aftoell great as fmall, tohofoeuer thep be, toe Do command them,that finning 
 the fojcfapO Thomas Shingleton Cnglifhtttan in tlje feasS Of Genua, Fiance, Naples, Calabria, 
 
 ana 
 
I' ' ■ - •• ■' • ** • ■ ■■■ — - , 
 
 Sir Edward OJborne. Traffiques., and Difcoueries* 175 
 
 anDSardinia,\iJicijlj!s imp anDmercljantiijc.ano men of uit;at nation fociieri^cpbCjtljaetfjepma': 
 left tlje uot,neitljer take no? toucf) anp ton of tbtng of tljeirs,neitljer monep no? anp otfcer hint) of 
 gooDs,bnbcr paine anD peril of loofmg of tljcir hues ana gooDs:ano as pou mafte account oftlje fa> 
 UOttr Oftlje Grand Signor our lo?D Sulran Murates Hotcoman/o fee poll let Ijtm paffe on lj:s toap 
 
 toitfjout anp maner ot impctiment. DateD at Algct- in our Wnglp palace, Ggncb baitb our p?mce* 
 Ip %ignet,attD fealeoiuitlj our great fcale,anb nijittcn bp our gwretarieof ettate,t[je 23,of3]a- 
 mtaric, 1583* 
 
 A letter written in Spanifh by Sir Edward Of borne fto the king of 
 i_^f^,the2o.ofIuly,i 5 84.inthebehalfcofccrtaineEngIifhcaptiues 
 
 there detained. 
 
 Vy alloy poderofo %ey, 
 
 Seaferutda voflra altera. Como la mtty.altaypotentifflma mage ft ad del gran 
 Senor time hecho articulos depriuilegios con la Sereniffima Mmcflad de nueflra 
 Reyna d' Inglatttrra,para los vafj'allos delta poder Itbrementeyryboluer, y tratar 
 I porwarytierraenloi domimosdefupotenttflima Mageilad, Comoalaclarapa- 
 k refee forlos dicbos articulos, decbeemb/amoseltraclado al Senor Iuan Tipton 
 rtueflro commiffario,para le mueftrar a, voflra Altezst . Contra el tenor de los quales articulos pot dot 
 galeras defu etttdad de Alger hafldo becbado alfondo en la mar vn des nueflros nauios que venia de 
 Patras,qae es en la Aforea, cargado de corintesy otras mercaderias,que allafe compraron, y las mas 
 de lagente del la mat ados y abogados en la mar, y el reflo eflan detenidospor ef clams .- cofa m>ty con- 
 tractu a los dicbos articulos y prtuilegios. Que es occafion t quepor eftofupplicamosa voflra zAltez.0. 
 muy humilmente,que,pues que lapotentiffima magefladdel Gran Sennor esferuida nosfauorefcerpor 
 los dicbos articulos, tambienfeaferuida voflra Altera ajfflirnos en ellos,otorgandonos por voflra au- 
 toridadfu aiuday fauor,fegun que efteramos ,para que puedan eflar libres,y boluerpara aca aquellos 
 fobreshombres anfihecbos efclauos,como dicbo es.T anfimifmo,que mande voflra Altera dar orden 
 Aloscapitanes, maeflresy gente de las galeras, que xos dexen de aqui adelantc haz.er nueflrotmfice 
 con fey s naos cada anno para Turquia a los dominies del gran Sennor a fax. y afaluo.por no cotrariara 
 Jos dicbos nueflros pr'utilegios, Lleuando cadavnade nueftras dicbos naos por fc conofcer vnfaluo 1 
 condntto defu alt a &potenttffima magettad, Tcon efta voflra tanfenallada mercedy fauor que en 
 effo reciberemos, quedaremos nofotros congrandijfima obligation a voflra Alteza deferuirla por el- 
 h,fegun que el dicbo Sennor luan Tipton, a qui en nos repor tamos de todo lo demas, me] or informer it 
 voflra Altesut : (fuyafereniffimaperfonayefladofupplicamosypidimos a Dtosomnipotente pro/pet ■« 
 y acerefcentecontodafelicitadybonra. De laemdaddt Londres a losveyntediasdelultodelmtly 
 qumientosy oc bent ay qmtro annos. 
 
 lAlftruitio de vueftrd lAlleia par yen ncmbre lie todgt 
 hi Iratmiei enTur^uia t tn el Majtcrdc Lon</ret, 
 
 Eilwaid OfbornS' 
 
 The fame in Englifli. 
 
 R3lgljt Ijt'gb aiio migljtte king, 
 S^ap it pleafe pour Ijigbnefle to unoerttanu, tljat tfjemott &tg(j ano 1110C mt'gljtie mukttk of 
 tlje Grand Signor rjatlj confirmco certaiitc articles of p?iuileges toitb tlje mott crcellent maieflie 
 of our Queene of England,tljat ber fubiects map freelp go ant come, antj traff tfce bp fca ano lanu 
 in tlje Dominions ofbtjs mott migbtp maiettpias appearetb mo?e at large bp p" fatDarticles,toljere» 
 of nic Ijaue fent tlje copp bnto ^.loh.Tipton our CommifTarie, to ujeu) tlje fame bnto pour big!)* 
 nes.againtt tlje tcno? of ialjiclj articles,onc of our ujtps tobiclj came from Patras icljicb is in Mo- 
 rea, laben toitlj cdjants ano otber mercbanot«s toljicfj uiere bougbt in tljofe parts,nias funfee bp ^f" Gmti . 
 2»gaIliesofpourcttieofAIgcr,anrjtljegreatettnumbecoftljementbereoflMcreflainanDti?oiju= mm^^u 
 neo in tbe fea,ttje relioue being Detatneo as flaueei : 9n acte berp contrarp to tlje mcaningof tfje Ai s«- 
 afojefaio articles antj pnuilegetf: to^iclj is tlje occalio tljat bp tbef e p?efcnts toe btfccclj pour Ijigljs 
 nelfe berp bumblp,tbat finceit batlj pleafeo tbemottmtgbtie maicttic of ttjcGrand Signor to fa> 
 uour bs baitb tlje faptj p?iuilcgcs, it toouto pleafe pour Ijpigljncffc in Uhe maner to attifl bs in tbe 
 fame, grauntingbs \^ pour autljo?itie,pour apDe anb fauour,acco?m'ng as our bope is,tljat tljefe 
 pooic men fo betaineo in capttuitte,as is afo?efaiD,map be fet at liberties rcturne into tijetr coun= 
 trcp.SLno IiBeluife tljat pour Ijigbneffe uioulb feno to giue o?t>er to tbe captaine8,mattirs ano peo^ 
 p!e of pour gallies ,tbat from bencefoo ?tb tljep nioulo fttffer bs to bfe our traffiquc uiitlj fire fijtpg 
 |>crclv into ©urfeie bnto tbe Dominions of tbe Grand Signor in peace anb fafet te,tbat tljcp 00 noe 
 
 SitbttanS 
 
 
< III 
 
 iy6 The Englifh VoyageSjNaiiigations, Zh(otes of Alger. 
 
 iDttbftanD tljofe our Tato p?iuileges, etterp one of our fo?efaio Ibips carping teitb them a paftcpojt 
 of bis mott high ano mott mightie mateftie to lie luiotoen bp. 3no fo? that pour fo lingular fauour 
 cno curtefie tobicb in fo oomg toe (ball rcccttictuc on our part toith all bounoen our tic unto pottc 
 bigbneu"e,toill feeke to honour pou in that bcljnlfe, acco?oing as the fapB matter Iohn Tipton (to 
 tohom tore referre our felues touching all other circumttances) ttjall mo?e at large enfo?mc pout 
 bigbn? ffe, tobofe mott excellent perfbn ane cflate,toe p?ap ano befeech almigbtic (Sou to p?ofpec 
 ano incrcafc toith all felicitie ano honour, tfrcmtbeCitte of Lcmeciyljc 2 o.of Sulp, 1 584. 
 
 At theferuice of your highneffr, for and in the name of 
 our whole company trading into Turkic,! Maior of 
 London, Edward Oiburnc, 
 
 stfje momg pf 
 
 fflljjer. 
 
 Notes concerning the trade of Mgtr. 
 
 J£)e monep that is cotnco in Alger is a piece of goto calletj Afiano, 9 Doublaes, 
 ano ttoo Doublaesmakc an Afiano,bttt the Doubla is moll bfeo, foj all things 
 befolDbpDoubIaes,tobichDoublaisfiftteoftbeirAfpersthere. 
 
 Che Afper there tsnotfo gooo bphattc $mo?e, as tfjae in Conftantinople : 
 fb?tbe Chekin of goltj of tbe ^urkeS mace at Conftantinople is at Alger 
 HlO^trj att 1 50,Alpcrs, ano at Conftantinople it IS l)Ut o'o'.Alpers, 
 Cbepittolct anu roialsof plate are mott currant ttjere* 
 
 Che fain pittolet goetb fo? 1 3 o.afpcrs there : fj the piece of 4.roiaIs goetb fo? 4o.9fpers,but 
 oftentimes is fotofo?mo?e,as men neco them to carp op intoCttrkic. 
 
 Ctjeir Afianos ano Doublaes arepieces of courfe golo,ti)ojtb Ijerebut 4o,s,ti)e ounce, fo tlie 
 fame is currant in no place of % urkic out of tlje kingoom of Alger, neither the afpers, fe? that 
 thcp belette then others be.fo? thep coine them in Alger, 
 sue tuttome. Che cuttome to the king is rntoaro 1 o,per cencum,to the Curke, to he pain of the commoDttte 
 it felfe,o? as it (ball berateo, 
 
 Cberc is another cuttome to the Ermine, of one $ an halfe per centum, tobicb is to tbe 3Iutticc 
 of the <£h?tff ians : the gooos fo? this cuttome are rateo as thep are fo? the kings cuttome. 
 
 ipauing paio cuttome intoaros, poupap none outlaws fo? anp«ommotutie tljat pou ooe laoe, 
 mo?e then a retoaro to the gate keepers* 
 see toaigBts. CbetoatgbttbereiscaUeoaCantarefo?finetoareS,as mettalsrefineOjanijfpice&fjc, toljich; 
 isljerei2o,lt,fubtil, 
 
 Spcttall not refine»,as leao,iron,ano fuch grotte toares,are folo bp a great Cantare, tohtch it 
 balfe as big againe : fo it is 1 80 Ji.fubtil ofours here, 
 sine owaitae. Clje meafurc of co? ne is bp a meafure calle a Curtia, tobicb is about 4. bubals of our mea» 
 fure,anD co?ue is plentiful there ano goon cbeape,ercept toben there hapneth a oerp o?p peece, 
 Che furett looging fo? a Ch?ittian there is in a 31etocs boufe j fo? if he haue anp hutt, the 3leto 
 «0e rurea ion- ami bis gooos Sail make it gooo/o the 3!cto taketlj great care of the <£b?iflian ano his gooos that 
 sins foi a tin* ii Ct ij i n big i )0 ufe,fo? feare of puni(bment» 
 
 9n(£ngliujmancalleo Thomas Williams,tobKbis30JonnTiptonsman,Iietljabouttrat)eof 
 inercbanoijeintbe ttreetecalleoTheSocaofthc Icwes. 
 
 Notes concerning the trade in Alexandria. 
 
 Lexandria in Cgppt is a free po?t, ano toljen a man commetb luitljin the catties, 
 p?efentlp the Etmyn fenos aboo?o to haue one come ano fpeake toith btm,to knoui 
 tobat gooos are aboo?0: ano then bcetoillfctguarosabcojotbe fijip to fee all the 
 gooos oifebargeo. 9no then from the Ermin pou goe to the* Bye, onelp fo?that 
 he luill inquire uetocs of pou,ano fo from thence to tbe Confuls houfe mhere pou 
 lie, Clje Venetians banc a Conful tljemfelues. TSut all other nations goc to the French nations 
 Conful,H)bo toill giue pou a chamber fo ? pour felues apart ,if pou toill fo haue it. 
 
 %\)t cuttoms intoaro of all commootties are ten in the huni>?et>,gf tbe cuttome is paio in toarcst 
 alfo that pott bttp:fo? tbe fame toares in barter pou pap alfo ten in the btmo?eD, at tlje laoing of the 
 toares.15ut if pou fell fo? monp,pott pap no mo?e cuttome but the ten afo?efaio,ano one ano a half 
 in tbeb«no?eo,ti)bicb fe fo? the cuttome of the gooos pou laoe fo? tlje fapo monp,fo? mo?e cuttome 
 j>ou pap not^ut fo? all the monep pou b?ing tbitber.vott pap nothing fo? the cuttome of the fame, 
 9 no if pou fell pour toares fo? monp,ano toitb the fame monep bup toares.pott pap but ttoo in the 
 buno?eo fo? tlje cuttome thereof.^no if pou tteale anp cttttome,if it be taken,?ou pap Double cu* 
 Come fo? tbat pou tteale. 
 
 Che 
 
 Srftte is Bno« 
 ID «c offiftr. 
 
 jSthcr fmat tti« 
 noire ton pav 
 
 iJcfiDeB,U)!iicll 
 may Uc tit ttoo 
 siitiir tiuOjcD: 
 
 fill6f0!iC01P 
 
 fuiusevnit 
 
 j)»?nnaintBe 
 
 ttuiiajeD. 
 
jM.lFtL Har borne, Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 177 
 
 "*" Che toCigljt Of Alexandria is calleD Pois F0rroreine,U)btCij 15 a ttmcal in that plaCC.tohiCh ma« 
 
 iketb at Marfeils 1 op.Ii.of Matfeils toaigbt,at 1 5 ounces the pounD,toIjiclj is 1 03 ,lt. of 1 6, oun? 
 t es to the li.djcre is another toaigbt calleD Pois Gernn.tobich is 1 50,U,of Marl'eils toatght, bp 
 tohicbare Colo all things to cate : but fptce is folo bp tlje fojnwr iDaigfjr. 
 
 iFrom Alexandria to Cairo is thjee Daies iournep,but pou mutt take a aaniffarietoitlj pou 1 9 cmo tiurfc 
 to go up tbitljct bp toatcr it is 8 ,Dapes iournep»Hioials of Ssjpaine ate entrant monp tbcrcanD art ^JJ" JKJ? 
 the heft monep pou cancarp,9nD 4»roiaIs are tooojth 1 i.speDin&anD 2,5g)eoins,are j.afpcrs. <i"at>p tan*, 
 jpiflpletsi ano crotones of jfrance anD Dollcrs toill goe,but of all Koials are befl, 
 
 Kite is not permutcD to goc out of the IanD,but is kept fo? a utctttall.TSut tottb a pjefent to tlje 
 Bye anD Ermine fome-mappaue. 
 
 311 fojtcs of fpiceg be gatbfcDafterthebargaineismaOMnB tljep be Moores tohiclj pottDeale 
 toitljall,toljich be goon people ano not ill DifpofeD.Sno after pou be fearcheo gtbaue leaueto parte, 
 $a\x mutt p^cfentlp depart out of the pojt.amj if pou Doe not,thep toill fcarcb pou agatne.&nD pou 
 mufl Depart in tlje Dap,foj; in tlje night the catties toill not fuffer pou to Depart* Che Duetie to the 
 Conful is 2,in the ljuiiD?eD,foj his aiDe.ano meate anD d jinke ano alUSno the pojt of Alexandria 
 (3 gooD tobm ouc is toicbin it toitb gcoo anker? anD cables.^iltter is better currant then gclo m 
 
 ,Alexandria,bttt both are gOOD, 
 
 Comnronlptljc Carauans tome thitljertn Dctobcrfrom Mecca to Cairo,ana from thence to 
 Alcxandria.tobEre tlje merchants be that bup the fptces.ano tberfojc the fpices arc brought moffi 
 to Alexandria, where eachCbjifliannation remained} at tlje Contois houfcs»S?ct oftentimes tlje 
 clm'fliaris go up to Cairo to bup Dmgs 5 other commoDities ehere,as tljep fee caufe.QitD tlje tarn* 
 moDittes tjjjre oenoible are all fo?ts of fterfies,but the moft part bIctors,ano of clothes all colours 
 erceptmingleD colours ano blackS.pcpperisuf^allpfo ID foi J4,0ucat8 the quintal, (Singer fo? 
 1 4,Ducf.t0, Wou mufl take cantias to make bags to put pour commoDttic in from Alexandria, fo j 
 there is none.® here is alfo fine flare,anB gooD floje of "6 uffe hioes. 
 
 A letter of the Englifh ambaffador to M. Edward 'Barton. 
 W$fy% 3flcr Barton 3 fenD pou 3 .commartDementS in CurkiUj, toittj a copp tljcrcof in €ng« 
 
 1 po$I 1 $&> £0 clje cnDe our Cj 'P s mi ^ nat tme int>m & et of bjeacb of league, if tljep fboulo 
 ^/^u^otcattljegalltesiftljofcofAlgierjTunisjanDTripolisintljeCiEaea : toljicb after 
 ~7^rr; pou liaue fbetoeD tlje Baflasjteceiue againe into pour ljanDS,anD fee tljcm rcgiilreo ,ann 
 tljen Delhtcc one of them to ottr ftieno ?£♦ Tipton.^ the like pou are to do uritb the pjiutlege lnljicd 
 jj'ou carp tutth pott, arofee tljemfointlp regiflreD in tlje Cadies boofee, Deliuering tlje copp of tlje 
 faiD p?iuilese fealeo bp the Cadi, alfo to' tfje fapo our frienD ?^,Tipton,taktiig a note of his rjano 
 fo } tlje receipt thcreof,anD foj Delitieri'e,at all times to us j our atfignes.SnD require tljem in hec 
 maieUt'es ano tlje grand Signor's name,tljat tljep luill haue our fljips patting too anD fro bnocr it« 
 cence anD fafeccnDttct fo? recommcnDco infrienDlpmaner. Couching pourp?oceecings in Tri- 
 polis iDitb Romadan.as 3 (jaue not receiueD anp aottife tljereof, dice pour Dcparturcfo mufl 31 ' 
 If aue pou to (Sod ano mp fojmer Dicectio^he ftjip patronifeo of Haflan Rayes,ioljic[) pou to.?cte 
 to be ours.ppoueo to be aCatalonian. 3s foi ours, bp repo?t of tljat Haffan anQ otljer Jcuics in 
 ijisujipjtrjjflsaffirmeDtobefolototljeMaltefcs, Mjichvoiththerefl pou aretorcceiuc there. 
 9nD hatiing cnocD thefe affaire? anD regiflreD our pjtutlege,anD tljcfe th?cc commaiiDcntcnta? in 
 Tripolis,Tunis,anD Alger,31 pjap pou make fpecDp rettirne.anD fo? tljat loljiclj map be recoueree, 
 makecacrtlje fame either to Richard Rowed fojPatranoinMorea.oiotljettuifeljttljertoIohn 
 Bare inthefureflmancrpoumap, iftijeregiflrtng of tljat pour pjiuilegc auD tljcfe commanoc* 
 menta toill not fuffer pou in perfon to returne totth tlje fame, jF'rom mp SpanGon Rapamat in 
 Pcra this 24,of June 1584, 
 
 The commaundement obtained of the Grand S'tgnior by her Maie- 
 
 ffics ambaffador M. JVil/.Harebome for the quiet pafling of her fubiedts to and 
 
 ' fro his dominions/entin An. ijS+xq the Viceroyes oS Algier , Tunis 5c Tfffelu in Barbarj. 
 
 To our Beglerbeg oiAlgier. 
 ^j&fjsf'' & certiSc thee bp this our commanDement,tljat the rtgljt fcono?ablc Will. Harcbome 
 MMfflKHW ambaffaDo?totheiEiuccncsmaietttcofEnglandhath fignifieDBntoVjs, tijattljeajips 
 feH of that countrep in their comming anD returning to ano from dtir Empire, on the one 
 part Of tlje ^eas Ijaue the Spaniards, Florentines, Sicilians anD Maltefcs,on tlje Other 
 part out countrcis committcD to pour charge : toljtcb aboucfaiD Ch?iflians toill not quietlp fuf- 
 fct tiiciregreffe ano regreu"e,mto,anD ouc of our Dominionef,but Doe take aitD make the men eap* 
 
 ttneft 
 
[78 The Engltfti Voyages,Nauigations,v M.lVill. Har borne. 
 
 ttttcs , ana fo?f c tt the tl;ipp cs and gooD3,ns t be lad peere ctje Maltei'es did one, wlhcij tt;ep t ooke 
 at Getbi,ano to cljac eno do eontinuallp lie in toait fo? tljcm to ttjeit ocirnicctcn, tobcrt upon tbep 
 are conttraineo to ft anD to tfceir Defence at anp fucb. time as tbep might meet toid; tbern* iHHbere* 
 fo?e CGitOocriuct up tin's means thep mutt ttanoopon (heir guarD, toben tljcp (ball fee anp gallte a« 
 far re offjtoberebp if meeting toid; anp of pour galliesano notknotoing tbcm,in their Defence tbep 
 Do Qjoot at them,ano pet after toben tb*p ooe certaiulp knoto thern^o not fboote anp mo?e,bttt re* 
 quire to paffe peaceablp on their uoiage J 'bol)ictj pou tooulD d c tip ,f aping;, tljc peace is b? okc becaufe 
 pou baue 0)0 1 at bs,anD fo mahepn^c of the in contrarp to our p?iuilcges,anD apt na reaCon : f 0? the 
 p?euenting of to!;: t h inconuenience tbe faio ambaflaDo? had; requires djis our eommaunDcment* 
 iUte therefore commanD thee, tl;at bpon tight hereof tbou Doe not permit anp fuch matter hi anp 
 fo?t tobatfoeucr, but fuffer tije fapD <£ngli(bmen to pafle in peace aceo?Ding to tbe tcnour of out 
 commannemenc guicn,touljou<: anp Diihtrbance 07 let up anp means Upon the toap, although tbac 
 meet in g to i t b t bp gallics, ano not knotting them afarre of, t[;ep taking: tbem fo? enemies ftioulo 
 fboot at themjpet (ball pou not fuffer them to (jurt them d;crfo?e,but qutedp to paffr. <I21berefo?e 
 looke t[;ou that tbep map batte rigl;t,acco?Ding to our p?iudcge giuen tl>im,fr finDing anp that ab« 
 fenteth I;imfelf,eE toil not obep tljts our commanDtment,p?cfentlp , certifp bs to oiirpo?cl;,tbat tot 
 map giue o?cer fo? his punifhment,anD toid; reuerence giuc faithftill crecite to this our comman* 
 Dement,tob!cb hauing reaD,tbcu Ojalt againe returne ittoito tbcmdjat p?efent it t jfrcm our pa» 
 IacetnConftantinople,tlje i.of 31unei 584,. 
 
 A letter of the honorable M,Wit.Hareborne her mate/lies ambajf. tilth the grand signior 
 to M.T^tfo»,appointing him Conful of the Engl.fh in Algier^TmUfii Tripolis oi'Barbarie. 
 
 *jaQcrTipton,3ibauereceiueDamongotl;ers,potir2oftbeio ( cfJ2oucmbert58<|. bp 
 $kWl K Soliman Sorda.certifphtg the receipt of mine of the 24,of June 1 584,1x10*1; the g,com» 
 
 1 ^ manDemcnts,DJl;id;notbeingregi(freD,letitnoiubcDonc.IO!;erepouro?itctl;efD?cc 
 ■ of t far piiuilcge to be b?okcn bp our (hips fit ujoottng, 5 tberfo?e be latofuilp taken,pott 
 fire DeceiutD.fo? of tI;ofe taken in tljf JjatU the gtand Signior noto DditiereD us free, W1I.M001 c, 
 ano Rob.Rawlings,?furtherp?omifeDtbereQ in like cife.toherefocuer ttjcp be, $ t^at hereafter 
 nobiolence Cbalbe ffjetoeD,conGDering ours bemcxrbacs fbtps.tobicb go peaccablpin their boiacie, 
 $ tocrc ignorant of the o?Ders of Algier, neither kneto afar off tobctber thep tocrr. frietiDs 0? the 
 C^ifliansgalUesmleagueagainflbSiOfiBhomthcpmofiDotibteD.tohonotfuffringcurlljipsto 
 come into tbefe parts,toil make p?i?e of tbe gooDs $ captfue tbe m?,fo as tbep are not to let them 
 come nigl) tfoeifuf finer ours baue not Done contrarp to the articles of tbe fame p jiuiltge.tobf rein 
 isnoojDerfojAIgicrpjefcribeDbs,asbotbbptbcojiginaHnotofrntbs, falCobptljecoppnotti 
 jfent pou fro London poumap pcrceiue,tbep accojoing to right arc as atoueCaiB tobefctfrcc, ano 
 tljcir gooos reflo?cD : 5ibicl; if it be not there accompliujeo as t&c grand Signior bath note cjman* 
 Deo i mott faitljfullp pjcmifeD,neitber pet in cafe of their. Denial.tiofe offenoers punf fbeDl;ere,anO 
 our iniurtes reDjeffeD,toe are to Demano our Congic , f commanD our merchants ber maiefltes 
 fubiectSjto enD their traffike l;ere, Uil;icb in our cottntre p cominoDtties is pjooucD 5 founD bp tl;e 
 grand Signior to befo beneficial to bis countries as ioe are affureofotocll thereof, as alfofo? die 
 ijonoj iurjicl; bis ancetto^sneuerbanof frieo3)ip t&fomightpap?tncc as is her maicflp.lje toil not 
 iiut maintaine $ faith pjomifeo her,? the intercourfe in Due fojce.Sr.D tobcre pou fap p the grand 
 Signorrjisletters J inthebel;alfoftl;eFrench,toercnomojeacceptcDthcre,d;enofameanm8 ) noj 
 tooke no placc,tbat is not material to os.our letters arc after another fo jt mud; moje effectualU 
 3To?onr cafe? theirs be founo far Different,inpthep be not onelpnotooutoffauourtoitbbmi, but 
 alfo the commoDitics tohicbd;ep tying btt(jer,as fuger,paper,b?acc!ets,ropcs of baft almonDs.sr, 
 alltohichimpbeheretoelfpareD^toecontrarilpfotoelefteemeD.aBbeneuerDeiiicDDSanpt^ing; 
 Cnceour commingDemanDeD,tof)icl) neither their ambaflabo^nojtbe Venetian coulD haue rj«f» 
 ?therfo?e toe reft pcrftoaDe&.knotoing the toifoom oftheBegletbeg,tol;oisaDuifcD bp hiss frilDS 
 from hence,of this our creoite 16 l;is mafter,he toil fo refpecttjts comanDements.as fa accfipliflj p 
 tcno?tbcrofaccojDingtocurDefire.9lnDtoberepoufapptI;eIanizers rule all tbere,3)knoto right 
 toel pif things be not Done as the grand Signior commanDctkbig lieutenant mtift anftoer it»9no 
 therefore 3! am fullp perftoaoeo if (jc Doe tol;at be map thep Dare not refifi bim, fo? if tl;ep fboulo, 
 tbofe rebels fboulo not be onpunifbeD of £ grand Signior.QnD thougl; thep fpcake their pleafurca 
 amog tbemfelucs tbere.pet thep be not fo b?utifb,but tbep toel conGDcr that their mafter f grand 
 Signior map not be gainfaia 0? mockeD of anp.JTo? bpon bis too?D Depcnoetl; the life 0? Death cue 
 of the cbiefeft , as a haw feene fiiice mp comming hither, §>o tohatfonter tbefe Ianizaries fap, 
 thep toill be better aouifeD in tbeirDeeoes d;en to toitljflano t^eir Hiccropiif he bimfelfe toilbfe 
 bis latofull potoer, tohichif breooenot, bee cannot purge bimfrife bcre of tfceir euill p?ocee« 
 lungs againft tip grand Signiors fcienDg ; foj t|)e Uzt, map not rule t jjeipD&Uiwutrarytoife, 
 
 (be 
 
M.W ill. Har borne, Traffiques and Difcoueries. 179 
 
 t^bcaD,tljefm£,anDaHtbctefloftbewembetg.9nlJfojtIjatlieul)erfo?feare 3 aff£tttonp?otljcr' 
 
 niife pou omit as a faitbftdl true fubtecc to (jer maielfie to eo pout Butte, 3 do bp mp toarrant go= 
 
 ing betetoitb cljarge pou,$ inher matcffies name ,to tbe bttermott to Dfe pour poo artDfattbful cn= 
 
 Deuour,as becommetlj a true rubt'ect,^ in all tbings tbat map concerne her maiefiies gooD feruice, 
 
 aflufting tlje Chans tuitb tlje refi of our meflcngcrs in counfeLtrauel, $ tobat els (ball be tljougbt 
 
 rcquiQtc fo j pour gooo Difcbarge of pour Dutie,9nD to§ eno pou map bOlDlp pjocee D Ijcrcin as alfo 
 
 foj tlje gooo opinion Br Edward Ofbome $tbe companp baue of pou, ano 31 no leffe perftoaoeDof 
 
 pour toifeDom.rjpngbt Dealing,* gooD experience in tbofe parts, Do fenD pou beretoitlj tlje grand 
 
 Signiois $ our patents fo? ererciilng tlje office of £onfui tbere,iu Tiipolis f Tunis .- bp bertue of 
 
 toljiclj autbojitie pou map toitrjout fcare pjoceeo as tbe office Doetlj cbalenge in Defence of our pji= 
 
 uilege.to reojeffe all iniurtes offreo our natioinSHljkrj if pou cannot get refo jmeD tljcre off Beg- 
 
 Ierbics upon pour cotrrplaint,3l ttjercof aouertifeDjfljal Doeitljere, anD to tbeDttermolt maintaine 
 
 pou in al rigljtful caufes vuhatfoeuer.Doubt pott not.3nD bereafcer accojming to pour acuife ,3! toil 
 
 anooogiueourlbipsojDernottoffghttoitbanpgalliesofAlger, btlttorjotfe outtljctcfkiffe an6 
 
 ano go aboojD to fijeto tljem tljcir fafcconDttct,? to njefent tbe captain toitb a garment,? pou tbere 
 
 in fucb like cafe are to take o?oet tljat tljep Do not fojceablp take anp tbing from tbem. jftotbing 
 
 Doubting but tlje Uicerop (turjofe ftienDffjtp in bet maietties bebalfe 3) DeBre)toill not onelp pet* 
 
 fomte tlje fame pour tuft requeue accoioing to rigbt,rettoje to libertie our me" fince trjc pjiuilcge 
 
 takcn.but alfo caufe tljofe p tooke * funke our (hips to anftoere tljetoalue,toljicb 31 baue fet Dotone 
 
 tculp,an9 ratljer toitb tlje leatt in tlje 3inuentone cranflateD into 'fturkilh, tobereof tlje inclofeo is ^f&gSjji 
 
 tlje copp in Cngfifb.tohicb 31 frno to tbe cnD pou map be tlje better infojmeo of mp Demano bp tbis «n° gooos 
 
 ourChaus Ma homec,toitb toljom in all tljings pou are to conferrc of matters erpeDient, fojtlje SRf£«i 
 
 bono? of ber maietties country,* tbe commocitie, anD libertie of pooje captiues,tobicb if tlje dice* ius of Aijn. 
 
 rop do toel confioer,acco joing to bis toifeDom,as tbe grand Signior ooetb tbereof,be fljal toel per' 
 
 ceitte it not onelp a great bonour to bismafter as afoiefaiD,to continue tbis amitie toitb her mate* 
 
 ffic,but cbieflp to tbe tobole effate of bis kingoom erceeoing profitable, tobicb bp tbis means (ball 
 
 be abunoantlp ftrueo toitb tlje cljief ett commoDicies tbep toanc, toitb ntanp ottjer tljings of mo?e 
 
 importance to tbe grand Signiorbiscontentation,notberetntobe mentionen . jfo| 31 knototic 
 
 Oiceroies erpericnccD toifoom can toel conttDer tbereof,in fuclj fojt as be toil not Benp to accopliuj 
 
 bis mailers com mauDemen t ,s our earned requett in fo fmal a matter as tbis toe require.tobereof 
 
 31 crpect no refttfall : fo? tljerebp Ije (ball increafe bis bono? toitb tbe grand Signior.bc in creotte 
 
 toitb ber mnicflif ,bc void of trouble tobicb bereafter bp future fuite againff bim map happen, ano 
 
 bis gallies free of fucb Doubtful iffue as ooetb cfjance,figljt ing toitb our 0)ips.CIlbu'b,as it is toel! 
 
 knotoen to all tlje toojlo, baue fo great bearts as ueuer cotoarDlp to peelD to tljeir enemies* 3n6 
 
 tl)attbcrefo?eintbatrefpect(aftertbepiotterbe ) likeeflcemeof tbcirlike) tbep are tbe moje of 
 
 fucb a ualiant pnncc as is tljcir Clicerop ano Ins couragious foulDiecs to be in all ft ienDfl.'in cbc-- 
 
 riujeDanD better efteemen«3|f tbe captaine Bafla baD bene returneofrom Capha,3i tooulD in like 
 
 watt baue p jocureo bis lettcrs,tobicb fo? tbat be is not,3I Doubt notbing but tbat tbe grand Sig- 
 
 niors mill fuftife.^Dbus commenoing pourfelfe ano tljefe p?oceeoings to tbe almigbtp bismerci' 
 
 f ul Directions bio pou moil Ijeartilp mel to fare. jTrom mp manBon Rapamac nigb Pera, tbis 3 o, 
 
 of ^arcb 1585. 
 
 Series W regiHrum Valoris nauiumJ>onomm > <&' bom'mumper triremes 
 
 Argerienfes crept or um, vna cum captiuorum hominum nomimbus, 
 
 Beglerbcgo Argcricnfi Haflano. 
 
 X ^Alomon dePlimraouth habuit3d.homincs,oneratacum file, oriere CrecentorumdolK 
 Chorum, valoreFlorcnorum 5600, 
 
 2 Elizabetha deGarnefcy cum decern hominibusAngii$,reliquisBriconibu*, valore Flore» 
 norum 2000, 
 
 2 Maria Martin de London onere centum &rrigintadoliorum, re<9ore Thoma More cum 1 
 triginta quinque hominibus } reuertens de Patrafiocum mandaco Csfareo, valore FlotenO- 
 rum 1400. 
 
 4 Elizabeth Stokes de London,re£tore Dauid Fillie de London,Patraflum veniens cum ma- 
 dato Ca:fareo : huius prscipuus valor erat in talleris numeratiSjquos habuitRichardus Gib- 
 ben, qui adduxitetiam SerenilfimarReglnesemaieftatis literas Cifari & oratori. Valor reli- 
 quus in mercibus vna cum fuperiori in talleris effect Florenorum 2 1 500, 
 
 j Nicolausde London, re&ore Thoma Forfter, oneratacum vuis ficcis, valore Floreno- 
 rum 4800, 
 
 In 
 
Ante fcedus initum in naue Peter de Brifto w. 
 
 2 In naue Swallow de London. 
 
 3 
 
 180 The Engliili Voyages,Nau igations, M W ill. Har borne. 
 
 In tempore $(omadan 'Seglerbegi jtrgir* ipoliatas & erepta? 
 Baucs J mcrccs,& homines. 
 
 I TVdith de London, re6tore Iacobo Bearc,cum hominibus 24. valore Florenorum 3100. 
 
 3 JLlefus de London,re6tore Andra:aDier,cum 21. hominibus, Valorem buius& i^horai- 
 nes.reliquis mortuis,reddidit Romadan BalTa Tnpolitanus Secrctario legati,Edwardo Bar- 
 ton,valore Florenorum 9000, 
 
 Nomina, hominum nuncipatorHm&viuentium tunc temporis ,qusndo Cajfar illu- 
 ftrifflmw, & domtntu Orator Chauleum Mahumetem mifernnt Algiram. 
 
 {3o&n SHtntcr, 
 Robert barton, 
 
 cEicb.C:ratofb?o, 
 <3lntbonp Outers, 
 cSHil.aiUnotoB. 
 Poft foedus initum in naue Britona, 3faxnc0 J?oottg, 
 
 In naue Rabnetde Hampton, ^.Ijomas Ltfnep, 
 
 cTobn£;racie. 
 In naue Salomon. < £Oil.©riffttb, 
 
 cmiLCocfee. 
 
 In naue Elizabeth. 3orjn£UooDn)aro,<gile6 JiSaper.Lccnaro 3ames,2Dliucr Dalli* 
 mo?e,ano Htcbaro 90aunfell. 
 
 In naue Maria Martin. 'Sljomas Spooie.iail.KtbttcilOtl.Palttur^icljXonj.petcE 
 2@arcb, Eicb.dpaflctoooD, (KLW.D -tolp, JKBiLCotori, 3oljn Jfranke, JjKnrp Ipatkcr, Joljn 
 Cauenbtfb.spoifes Robinfon,3ames S>otl)Cticlj,ipcnrp l^oUicl, JQub.&mitb.ijpenrplSajr,* 
 Qer,Kicb.£)auifen,Eich,l|9alm£r. 
 
 In naue Elizabeth Stokes. Dauio gillie, ©Halter Sbtrcet, laurence JKHilkt'nji, Spojgan 
 Dauis,3!obnCiuintc,amb?ofe Ilpat.foit.joljn pct£rfon,^nflram Iloii5,EDgcr iStbbe. 
 
 4 In naue Nicholas, Thomas Jfo?i}crre£toriiauis&eiusnauta\ 
 
 To Jjfan jfga, Eunuch & Treafurer to Hajfan Bajja king otsilger, 
 
 which Affan Aga was ihc loiine ofFran.Rovrlie oCBriRcm merchanr, taken in the Srvalmv. 
 
 Keceiueo poitr letters of Will.Hamor gentleman mp feruartt berp tbankf ullp.aftoel 
 fo? the fetuent faitb tbat bp bis repoir 3 bcate pou baue in out lo?D Jefus Ch?iflt, bp 
 tobofc onelp merits ano blooD(l;eDOing,pou together toitlj bs atio all other goob €b?t* 
 titans To trulp belceui'ig.fbalbe faueo, as alfo fo? pour faitbfullobcbicnce Itfec a true 
 fubiert to Ijcr SpatcfJte,naturallp toning pour countrep 9 countrepmen .Declares in pour fauoura* 
 ble furtherance of ttje fain Wil.Hamore, procuring tbeirrebemption,©f tobicb pour gooo tjbers 
 tuous actions.as 3 reioice to bnoerttano ,fo bail 3 impart t l;c fame to pour Onguler comenoation, 
 both to our mtffrcrfe her Spaieflie, 9 bet mod bonojabie counftllers the nobilitte of England, to 
 inborn affure pour felfe tbe tcpo?e Ibal be berp toclcomr, Sine notouhis feconb time 3 am info j cc o 
 bp ouetie to iSob 9 Ijtr maiettp, as alfo bp tbe final regarb pour mailer rjab oftljc Grand Signors 
 former commancement s , to complainc bnto rjtm, tbougb not fo bebementlp as 3 bab occafion bp 
 bis mod bn tuo) t bp anftner. "HSut 3 bope,^ the rather bp pour means, be mill not contrarp this fc= 
 tone comtnanDemcnMl^cataing him.not obferuing tlje fame.loffe of office 9 life, %\)t cue erecu- 
 t ion inbcr eof bp pour bertuous 9 careful tiiDuff rp p?ocureo,nJiI manifert to all t be too?lD,efpcciaI« 
 lp to ijer maicftp,fj me bet amtaffabo?,pour true cb ?i&ian mtnb 9 € ngltflj heart, inteutiuelp bent 
 to ©obshonoj, 9 tbelibertie of tbe poo?e men s fo? tobicb 31 trull pou be oioaineb anotber Iofeph,to 
 foloto bis crample in true pietic,tn fuctj fo? 1 1 bat notlnitbffab ing pour bobp be fttbiect to Ctirkifb 
 tb jalbom, pet pourbertuous mmo free fro ttjofe tiices, nert bnoer ©on aobict to ^ goob feruire of 
 pour liege LaDp 9 foueraigne p?inces,ber moft erccllcnt maieflp .toil continuallp f ecke bp all gooo 
 means to manifeft r> fame intbis 9 tbe like faithful ferutee to pour Bnguler comenoatton, tub«rbp 
 botb mp felte gtotljers in that place bauing founD pou in all gooo offices faitbfullp affectionatebj 
 map in like cafe perfomie tlje like totearos pou, torjen 9 torjere pou map baue occafion to bfe met 
 bobtcb as 3 fo? mp part bo affuretrfp piomtfe,? toil no Icffc fattljfuHp perfojme ; fo accojoinglp 3 
 erpect berem.ano hereafter the like of pou, tobom mod bcartilp faluteo 3 commenb to tlje omtne 
 tuitionano bolpbircction, jfrommpljoufe Rapamat,tbta 28.of June 1 586, 
 
 Your louing and good friend her Maicfiia Ambaftador 
 with tbe SrtniSigirr, Will.Hirfrrni. 
 
 A petition 
 
A mandate Jor'TatrojJo. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 181 
 
 A petition exhibited to the Viceroy for reformation of fundry in- 
 juries offered our nation in CMorea, as alfo for fundry demaundes ncedcfull 
 
 for the eftablifhing of che traffike in thofe parts. 
 
 **W 3Irfl tbat our people map be frees of fucb toonteo molellation.as tbejanifcrs 
 N£f of Patrafib baiie altoapes from time to time offereD tbem, not regaroing tlje 
 " kings cominanoc ments to the contrarp, ©bat tljcp be rtmouco ami calico <v= 
 toap from tljence, ano none otber. re maine in tljcir place, 
 ©bat tobere bcretofo?e tbe kings commanocments baue beene graunteo to 
 ours , tbat no perfon tobatfoeuer fljall fo?ccabIp take from tljem anp of 
 their commooities, otrjenuift tben paping tljem before tbe oeliuerie thereof, fo? tbe fame in rea • 
 Die monep, at futlj pjiceas tbeptljemfelucs mill, ano fell o?oinanIp to others, as alfo that no of* 
 Seer to[jatfoctter,of the kings o? anp other, Ojall fo?ce tbem to blip anp commooities of tbat couu- 
 trep , otljcrtoife then tbe neeofull, at tbeir otone toll ano pleafure, tbat tbe faio comm.inoemcnts 
 not heretofore obepco map te renueo toitlj fucb ttraigljt charge fo? tlje execution of tbe fame,as is 
 requifite fo? tljcir Due effect. 
 
 ; ©batuJbereasfunD?peractionsanD opp?etrionsbeoffereooursbp fucb Byes, Sanjacbies, 
 indices ano Cadies,laniz aries, Capagies, anD others, officers of the kings comming Dotoite into 
 tljofe parts,tobo finDittg tbere refiocnt no otber nation but onlp ours, toil! unoer tbe name of p?e- 
 fews fo?ceablc take from tbcm tobat tbep pleafc: We Do require to obucnt tljefe batmes,it map 
 be fpccifieo b? a commanocment from tlje king to tubicb of fucb bis officers, p?efenis map be gi= 
 uen.ano tljeirfuno?prjalues,ojljerebpbotb tbep ano ours map red contentcD.feucrelp p?obibiting 
 in tbe faio commanccmcnt ,tbat tbep take no mo?e tben tbat appointeo tbem ,anD tljat no otber of« 
 ftcers but tbofe onelp fpccifieo in tbat commaunDtment , Doe fojciblp require of tbcm anp tljtng 
 triljatfoeuer. 
 
 4 ©bat tbe j|2aoir ano (Euffomcrof the po?t, bauing pcrmitteD our ffjip to laoe , Doe not after 
 oemanD of tbe mar cljants anp otber tben tbe outtoaro cuffome Due to the king fo? rlje fame gcoos, 
 9no being fo laDen, mapbp tbem ano the Cadie toitb otber tbeir tnfericur officers be bifiteo, re* 
 quiring fo? tbe biGting no mo?e tben fo?merlp tbep tuere accuffomeo to pap at tbeir firllrom* 
 ming, after tubicb tbe faio ftip to Depart at tlje Confuls pleafure, toichout anp mole&ationof 
 tljem, o?anp otljer officer tobatfoeuer, 
 
 5 ©Ijat Mahomet ChauSjfometime Nadir Of Lepanto, ano Azon Agon bis fubllitute being 
 bit!; bim map be fetterelp pmiiujeD to tlje erample of otbers , fo? often ano toiitiffip moIeCing our 
 nation, contrarie to tbe kings commanoement, tobicb tbcpDtfoainefuHp cositrmneo , as alfo tljat 
 tlje faio Mahomet reffo?e ano pap bnto ours tbirtie fo? 3 00 fackc s of currants notoe taken 
 fo?cib!poutofa barke, comming tljitber from the hither partes of Morea, to pap tlje king bis 
 cuttome.ano tljat from bence fo?tb,neitbertbefato Mahomet,Azon Agon, no? anp other officer 
 o?perfcn tobatfoeuer ooebinoero? trouble anp of ours going thicbero? to anp otljerpiacc about 
 tber affaires. 
 
 6 ©bat toljereas certaifte 3!etocs of Lepanto otomg monep to our marcljants fo? commooitics 
 foloe tbem, fyme not bttberto fattfSeD tljem, nottoitljtfanDing ours bao from tbe king a comman* 
 Dement fo? tbe recouerp of tbe fame Debts; but fleo anoabfenteDtbemfeluesoutof tlje ©otone 
 at tlje comming of tlje fame, anotber mo?e fo?cib!e commaunoement map be graunteo ours, t'jat 
 fo?nonpaiment, tuljatfoeuermapbe fouo oftfjetrs in gooos,boufes,bineparDs,o? anp otljer tijtng, 
 map be fblo, ano ours fatifffeo of tbeir faio Debt, acco?oing to equicie ano reafon, 
 
 A commandement to Tatrajfo in Morea. 
 
 Wlj)en tbt'S commanoement (ball come Unto pou, knoto pott, njat tbe UConfuII of tlje Cng: 
 litlj j(3attoutnour po?t of Patraflb,batlj giuenos to titiDerffano,tbat fo?merlp W gtau-- 
 tco bim a commanoement tbat bauing paieo once cttftome fo? tlje currants bougbt to laoe in tbeir 
 Slips, tljcp (ball not pap it againe: acto?Dtng to toljiclj tbep b?inging it to tbepojt of Petraffo, in' 
 fo?mingtbereof Mahomet tlje Nadir of Lepanto, be contracp to tlje tcno?tbereof ano fojmer 
 o?Der,Dotlj againe take anotber culTome of bim.ano requiring Ijtm to knolu tubp be fo DiD contrarp 
 toourcommanoement,beanfiuereDbs,ljetookeitnotfo?cuttome,butfo?ap5eftnt. 9po?eotter 
 tbe fapD Confullcerttfieoosbon) tljat tlje faio Nadir contrarp to to ancient cufame Dotlj not take 
 fo? tbe kings ngljt as be ougljt currents, but toill (jatte of tbe poo?e men monep at ljts pleafure, 
 ano tljeretoit!jbupetb currents at a berplorjjp?ice,tobicb after be Doib fo?cibIp fell totos at a 
 mucb bigbcrp?ice,fapingiti8rrmainrjeroftbegooDsof tbe king, ano bptljismeaiics ootljbure 
 tlje po j?e men ano 00 tbcm ia?ong, Hlljerefo?e a wmmano pou bp tbis mp comm,inocment,ciiat 
 
 £l P0t! 
 
i8a TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, Turfy mandats. 
 
 pou lojtte to tljis m. ttet btttte£ue t^is Confur,ttje Nadir, ano tljispeople.atH) no therein equallp 
 accojoinj to right, ano fee that our comanDement in this matter be obferueo in frith fo?t, as they 
 (jauinnj once in the pojt paieD full cuftome, Do not pap it againe.neitijcr that this Nadir do take t- 
 np moje monep of them bp the toap of p?efent,fo? that tisercin it is moft rename he Doth them m» 
 iune rontrarp to the Canon, 9nD if toml: ipoa Qjall be fotmo to the Salue of one Afpcr tafeen here* 
 tofoje tojongfullp of them.fee it pjefcntlp rettojeo to them,toithcut anp Default, ano from bence-- 
 foojtlj f e that he Dee neither bim no? die people iu?ong, but that he Deale tettlj them in all things 
 accofDing to our Canon, that the ConfulIanD his h"eaf.erhauenoorcaOonanpmo?etocom= 
 plains here in our Court, r.no that the Nadir p?octe o in gathering counts of the people after the 
 olo ojdc r ant) ust otberunfe.djis ftnouipoufoj certaine,anD pjiue cteoit totbismpcommaunDe* 
 nunt.tobicMjauinoj reao oeltueragaineinto the Confute hanocs. jfrom Conftantinopletlje 
 pecre of Mahomet 99 5, 
 
 A commandemenc for Q>io. 
 
 VObis.Beg & Cadi & Ermini, qui eftis in Chio, fignificamus : quod fereniflima? Reginei 
 Maieftatis Anglia? orator,qui eft in excelfa porta per literas fignificauit nobis,quod ex na- 
 uibus Anglicis vna nauis veniflet ad porium Chio, & illinc Conftantinopolim redo curiii vo- 
 luiflet venirc,& contra priuilegium detinuiftis,& 11011 fiuifiis venire.Hf c prarditSus orator fig- 
 nificauic nobis : & petiuit a nobis in hoc negocio hoc mandarum, vc naues Anglicae veniant Sc 
 redeant in noftras ditioncs Cifareas, Priuilegium datum & concefliim eft ex parte Sercnitatis 
 Ca:farea:noftra': &hutuspriuilegijcopia data eft fubinfignino(iro:Et contra nollrum priuile- 
 gium Csfareumquoditaagitur, quae eft caufa ? Quandocumhocmandatonoftro homines 
 illorum ad vos venerint ex priditta Anghajfi nauis venerit ad portum veftrum,& fi res & raer- 
 ces ex naue exemerint,& vcndiderint,& triceffimam iecundam partem reddiderint, & res qui 
 manferint Conftantinopolim auferre velint, patiantur : Et fi aliquis contra priuilegium & arti- 
 culos eius aliquid ageret, non finatis, nee vos facite : & impedin non finatis eos , vt recta Con- 
 ftantinopolim venicntes in fuis negotiaciombus fine moleftia efli poflinc. Et quicunque con- 
 ira hoc mandatum & priuilegium noftrum aliquid feceric,nobis fignificatC.Huic mandato no- 
 ftro & infigni fidem adhibete. InprincipiomenfisDecembris, 
 
 A commandement for Baliabadram. 
 
 SEreniflima? Rcgins Anglia; orator literis fupplicatorijs in porta noftra fulgida fignificauit, 
 quod Baliabadram venientes mercatores, naues & homines eorum, contra priuilegium ira- 
 pedirentur & moleftarentur. Inter nos enim & Reginam cum fcedus fit, vt meicacores.homi- 
 nes & naues eorum contra priuilegium impediantur aut molelientur.uullo vnquam padto con- 
 cedimus. Mandamus igitur,vt liters: noftra; Cxfarea?,quam primum tibi exhibit! fuerint, has 
 in perfona propria cures, fecundum quod conuenit,videafq; ex Anglia Baliabadram cum mer- 
 cibus venientibus mercatoribuSj& alias ob caufas venienribus hominibus, in fumma Anglien- 
 fibus & nauibus eorum, Sc in nauibus cxiftentibus merctbus & rebus contra fcedus & priuile- 
 gium, iniuria, vis aut damnum non inferatur: led. vtconuenit,defendas,vt naues, mercatores, 
 & homines, nottri velutproprijfubditi.liberiab omni vi & iniuria permaneant,&negotijs fuis 
 incumbant. Et quod illius loci Ianifferi silos impedireii t/igrnricatum eft: vt 1II1 illis nocumen- 
 lofint nullo modo concedimus.Iuxtatenoremmandatihuius illoscommonefacias,vt nihil 
 quicquam contra fcedus faciant, ita vc nunquam huiufmodi querela hue veniat,quia quicquid 
 accident, a te cxpoftulabimus.Negligentiam poftponito, & infigni Cf fareo fidem adhibeto. 
 
 A commaundement for Egypt. 
 
 S Geo quod orator Regina: Anglia? in porta mea exiftens libellum fupplicem ad porram no- 
 ftram mittens fignificauit , quod cum ex jfigypto Conful eorum abeffet, Confu! ilhc Gal- 
 licus exiftens, .Vento nuncupatus, quan i uisaiiteha?c tempora ne manus in Anglos mitterec 
 mandatum noftrum fuerit datum, Angli fub vexillo & tutela noftra funt inquiens , mandatum 
 Cse'areumvilicxiftimans.nonceflauitpertutbare Anglos. Quarefcito quod Regina? Anglix 
 priuilegium noftrum eft datum. Iuxta illud piiuilegium Anglis nulla ratione Ccnful Gallicus 
 Confulatum agat, neue manus immittar, mandatum noftrum poftulauit eius legatus. Quare 
 mando, vt contra priuilegium noftrum Conful Ga licus Anglis iniuriam non inflrat, neue 
 Confulatum agat. Iudici jEgypti literar noftrae funt data?: hanc obcaufam msndo tibi quoquc, 
 vtiuxta illud mandatum noftrum , conra priuilegium noftrum Anglis Galium Confulatum 
 agere nunquam patiare, Sic fcito, & infigni meo fidem adhibeto- 
 
 Acorn- 
 
— — III -- - , 
 
 Turkes mandate. TrafTiques andDifcouenes. 18; 
 
 — - - : : ^ w ^ ■ , „ 
 
 A commaundement of the Grand Signior to the fadie or Iud^e 
 of ^Alexandria. 
 
 T1)c <£mbaffat>ottr fojtljrStienicsmoilcrcdlcnt spaicfiie of England ccrtifho bsbotoc 
 tljatat tt^tDCatljof orcof tljctrittiircUantsttxAlcxandriicallcD Edward Chambcilainc,tlje 
 jTrencb ConfiilVcnco fcalmgup Ijis fcuocgo .mo cfjamber,tm»fte mmer ins fcaie al bis rcoot>p ano 
 marcljanoifeiuto bis potter, ano rcquircc our commanocmcnt tljac all tlje gooos migjjtlrt refio* 
 ted againeacco?oing to iiifnceuuto the €ng(ifiimen: teljerefyc tor cammauno pou that bmtfng 
 rccciucotbis our conimanoement, poti affcmblc tljofcoftljccncpart ano of tbeotrjer together, 
 mio if it be not y itTeo fiucj'ccrcs^f pott Ijaucnot lookcn toir bcrcfofoic,novu c<irt ftiiip lookf to :r, 
 9 tntbtatto?nmojCotljeirAr7.o?ttnincatrpjrfcticrDUntote,tijactfefojcfaiDjFrrin1j£onruil 
 Vento bat!j lujongfullp taken into Ijis potter the gooDS of ttje Drrr.ifto ^ngitfijmarcljanttt.^ 
 Der lj:s fcale, tljat tljcn pou cattfe Ijim to reffojc all tfjc fatD gooos ano marchsnotfc fe aim bp |;iitij 
 ano makcgooDtljattolucb tstbereof ttantutgvmto tljc<£nguflj marcbants: Dor in tiji'smactfr 
 accojtuntjto iutlicc, ano creoite tins our fealc, 
 
 A commandement to the (Bajfa o£ Alexandria. 
 
 TipcCmliaffaDourfojtljcillurcnremoacrteUmtapatclIi' of England bpfuppliratiouccr* 
 tifico bs,bott tljat notttitljftanomg our pn'ttilege grantee tfjcmto make Confuls tn al parts 
 of our Dominions co gouerne tljctt nation accojoing to their ottnc cuftomc $ latt , to ocfeno t^rm 
 againfl all ttjougs ano iniurics ttljatfocuer ; pet tljat the jfrcnclj ConftiH affirming to tljer that 
 art Bafla,that tljep mere toioer bis banner, ano that be fljoulo gouerne tljcm, ano oucrfee their bu« 
 fineffe, ana batting got a nctt p jiuilegc.mcntiontng tljcrcin the Cmjlifl) men to be bnocr ljis ban= 
 ner,Dio bp all meancsmoleftj trouble tbcm,infomuclj tljat tbeirConfull oppjelfto ttitij maim 
 iniurics flco attap , aim tljat thou tobiclj art Beglcrbie oioft maintaiuc the Jf rcnclj Conful here* 
 in ; toljereupon tbc Cmbaffaoour requirco our commanocment, tljat tljep might Ijauc tuftice fo? 
 tljcfe inturies : ttljcrcfine toe commano tljce tljat Ijauing rcccttteo tljis our commanocmcnt, pou 
 diamine mligentlp tljat Ijis p?ittilcge, ano feno tlje topic tljereof ijitljer, anD if it be fount) tljat tlje 
 jFrcncljConfull Vento batlj bp fubtiltic got the afojefaiopjiuilcge tojitten,that pou tljcn fee him 
 puniffjeD,anDfuffernot hereafter tlje iFrenclj 07, Venetian Confute to inteimeuole toitljtljcir 
 tmftneffc* 2Dbep (hifl our commatmocmeut, ano giue crcoite to the fealc. 
 
 A commaundement to theSyw, and Codies oEMetelin and Abodes ? 
 and to.all the Caches and Byes in the way to Constantinople. 
 
 T 2D tlje Saniakbies of Rhodes ano Metelin.totljeSaniacbiesboiDeringontliefea-coafl.ano 
 to the Cadies in Rhodes ano Metelin,anoto tlje Ermins tntljeotljrrpojta anocoaUcs^tjis 
 rommauuocmentcomming to pou, knoui that tlje CmbaffaoottrofEngland requireoofbs our 
 commaunoement tljat tljcir fljips comming to Chio, 9 from thence r Conftantinoplc , no man 
 fboulo ljurt tijem oj offer anp toiolencc,citl)er in the luap on the fea 0? on tlje lano, j in tlje pojtcs. 
 31 fjauccommaunDeo, tljat their fljips comming to anp oftljefaio places o?po?ts luitbmarcljan- 
 Cifc^ftljcptljcmftluestoiU.tljep map fell their commooitics.f as mucfa.anD as litle as tljep mill, 
 anoifitbciuaplaceluherecuttometoasnotmoontto be taltcn, batting taken tlje ettffeme Due 
 bp tlje oloe Canon pou fuffer tljcm not to bee miurieo , either in the map , po?tcs, 0? other pla* 
 ces, but tljat thep map come in quictneftc to Conftandnople, ano ccrttftcusoftljofe tljat Ueotfo» 
 beDienttoourcommamiDemcnt, ano giue creotte toowfeale. ^no baumgreaotljig our com 3 
 manBementjgiue it to tljcm ngaine, 
 
 A commaundement for Aleppo. 
 
 W^en mp letters lljal come bnto pott.ftnoto that tlje ©uecne of England [jcr ©mbatfapoj 
 bp fupplicatton ccttifteo Ijolo that before this time toe hao trjuen our. comanocmenc tljat 
 tljefumme of 70 oucats.g-otljcr marchanoi?cbclongingto one William Barret tn Aleppo^noln 
 oeao.faping he toas a Uenettan,(Ijoulo begiuen to tlje iienetians, 3uo if tljep Die fiiio that !je mass 
 not a Reuctian.mp toillUJas tljat tljep Oioulo feno all his gooos ano marcljanoije to our pojt into 
 mp treafurie, TButbecaufc tljat man bJasaniffingUQjman, the (Smbaffaoourrequirco tljat tlje 
 fapoc gooos might not be DiminiffjeD, but tljat tljep might bereffojeo to one of their <£ngliu> 
 uicn.^hisburmeffrtoasfigmfieobmobsinthcmncljtmojtoniiictp^fourtljpcrcofMahonier, 
 
 Q^2 ano 
 
 . 
 

 184. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, 1 ho. Sanders. 
 
 ano tu tlje monctb of Spap tbe i o cap. S:t)is bulincfle uertatuetij to tlje <£Snglmjmen,tobo ijauc in 
 cbcic Ijannes out p?itulcge,acco?Dtng totobiclj piimlege being in tljcir bancs let tins matter be 
 Done, againtt tbis pnuilcge Co notbing,afi?cnotljingof tljcm.but rcttoje to cucrp one bis gooes, 
 9no 31 commanctbat toben mp romanocmene fljall come Unto pott, pottdoe according to it. 9nn 
 if it be according as tbe JUnbaffaDour ccrtifieo, ano tbat tbep banc tlje pjiutlc ge.perufc tbe fame, 
 looke tljat notbmg be committee againtt it ano out league, ano let none trouble tljr m rontratie 
 to it, retto ?e tbcm tbeir gooes according to ittttice , ano take bceoe oiligcntlp in t bio bufinelfe : if 
 anotber Orange tnarcbant lie Deao, anc bis pons ano marcbanoijp be tf feen,if Ije beneitljcr 51e« 
 netian , nc? <Englifljman , let not bis gooes perm) among pou, Before tbis time one of our 
 Chaufes calico Ccrkes Mahomet chaus toas fent toitbour commatmotmrnt to fence tbe mo* 
 ncp ano marcbancije of a ceao marcljant to our po?t, ano bitberto no letters o? ncttes is come of 
 tbis matter, fo? toliiclj pou fljall be punifoeou 20ljerefo?c bctoare , ano if be tbat is orac be net* 
 tber 21encttan no? €ngliujman in oentie, ooe not loofe tlje gooes of tbe fatD oead mat cbant lin* 
 Der tbe name of a (Lletietian o? (gngliujman , ooe not to jlje difcommoditie of mp treafune, fo? af= 
 tec it toitlbeljarDtorecoucrtr, 
 
 The voyage made to Tripolis in Barharie , in cheyeere 1585. with 
 a fhip called the Iefus, wherein the aduentures and diitreffes of fomeEng- 
 lifhmen are trucly reported , and other ncceflary circumliances obferued. Written by 
 TbomM Sanders. 
 
 Hgg g 5piS toopagc toag fet foo?!ljbp tbe rigbttoOjffjtpfwT fir Edward Osborne fenigrjt, 
 j|Pg cbicfemetcbant of all tbe CurkiQi companp.and one matter Richard Staper, tbe 
 vwm fljipbeingoftbe buroen of one bunojeotunnes, calledtbe lefus,fbetoasbuiloe& 
 
 ffl§M at FarmneariuerbpPortfmouth.'C.beoUinersnjeremrifler Thomas Thomfon, 
 
 i^^^ Nicholas Carnaby, arm IohnGilnian. VLlyz maflertoas. one Aches Hellier of 
 
 Black-v\ all , ano bis 2|9ate nias one Richard Morris of tljat place : tbeir pilot mas one Amho- 
 
 nieleradoa Jfrcncbman,of tbep?Ouinceof Marfeils: tbe purftr teas one William Thomfon 
 
 otirctoncrs tonne : tbe merchants factors toereRomaneSonnings a jfrcnebman, anc Richard 
 Skegs fertunc onto tbe faic mailer StaperXlje otoncrs toere bouno unto tbe mercbants bp cljac 
 tcr partie tbereupon , in one tboufand marfees , tbat tbe faio fijip bp (Sods pcrmituon fijoulD goe 
 
 fo? Tripolis in Barbarie.tbat is to fap, firtt from Portfmouth to Newhauen in Normandie,ftOttl 
 
 tljence to &>. Lucar , otljertoife calleo <§>aint Lucas in Andeluzia, ano from tbence to Tripohe, 
 toljftlj is in tbe €afl part of Africa, anc fo to returne unto London. 3Sut Ijere ougljt eucrp man 
 tonoteanDconficcrtbetoo?Rcs cf our (Sod, tbat manp times toljat man dotb determine <Soo 
 dotljdifappoint. ^be faio mailer bauingfomeoccafion to goe to Farmne,tooke toitbbim tbe pi 5 
 lot ano tbe purC r , ano returning againe bp meanes of a perrie of toinoe, tbe boat toljercin tbep 
 toere, toas c?otoneD,toitb tbe fate matter.tbe purfer,ancall tbe companp : onelp tbe fain pilot 
 b^ experience in ftoimming faueo b'imfelfe : tbcfe toere tbe beginnings of our fo?rotoes. Sifter 
 toljicb tlje faio matters mate tooulo not p?oceed in tbat Doiage.and tlje otoner bearing of tbis mtf» 
 fo?tune,and tbeDntoillingnctte of tbe matters mate,cic fend dotoneone Richard Deimond,ann 
 fbippeo btm fo? matter, toljo cio cbufe fo? bis spate one Andrew Dier, andfo tlje faic fijip oepar-- 
 teo on ber oo:age acco jDinalp: tbat is to fap,about tbe 1 6 of ©ctober,in An. i y 8 9 .fije made laile 
 from Portfmouth,ano tbe 1 8 Dap tben ncrt follotoingttje arriueo at Newhauen, \shm our faice 
 latt matter Deimond bp a furfett Dieo. ^be factojs tben appointee tbe faio Andrew Dier,bcing 
 tbenmatters mate,to be tbeir mailer fo? tbat rjoiage,o>bo did cbufe to be bis Spates tbe ttno quar* 
 ter matters of tlje f<uitefi)Jp,to toit.Peter Aufline.anD ShilIabey,anD fo? Pttrfer toas QjippeB one 
 Richard Burges.aftermaro about tbe 8 oap ofji5oueinbern)e made failefo?tbtoard,anDbpfo?ce 
 of toeatber ttietBerecjiucnbacke againe into Portefmouth, tobcretoerentteoourbictualsanD 
 otber neccffarie3 ,anc tben tbe urince came faire.9bout tbe 29 dap tben nert following nie depar- 
 ted tbence, and tbe firtt cap of December bp raeanes of a contrarie intnoe, luee toete o?tucn to 
 PIimmouthXbei8DaptbeHncrtfollon)ing,njcmadefoo?tbtoatoagaine,^bpfo?ceofmeatber 
 toe toere d?iuen to Falmouth.tobcre toe remained dntill tbe fitfl cap of 3lanttarp : at tobicb time 
 tbe toinoe comming faire,toe ocpartec tbence.anc about tbe 2 ooap of tlje faio monetb toe arriueo 
 fafelp at S.Lucar. and about tbe odap of S^arcbnerc follotoing, toe mace faile fromtbence.ano 
 about tlje 1 8 cap of tbe fame monetlj toe came to Tripolis in Barbarie,toljere toe tuere dene toell 
 tntettained bp tbe King of tljat countrep.and alfo of tbe commons.^be commodities of tbat place 
 are ftoeete otles : tbe king tbere is a mercljant.ano tlje ratber(toilling to p?r ferre bimfclfe bcfo?e 
 
 bis commons ) requctteo our fatd facto?s to traffique toitlj Ijim , and p?omifed tbem tbat if tfef p 
 
 niould 
 
 Oanbstb 
 purpofe.flitli 
 
 OcODOtUDlf- 
 
 pott. 
 
 18 nctij mantt 
 tQDtcn. 
 
 ^rjenetoina- 
 RtcDicD. 
 
 ^Che Itfts arri« 
 BCD in Tripoli. 
 
Tho.Sanders. TrafHques and Difcoueries. 
 
 185 
 
 toottla take bisoiles at tjts otene pjtcc ,tbep iljoulo pap no nianer of cuSome.ana tticp tookc ofbim 
 tertainc tunnes of otle: ana aftcrUJaroc perceiuing tljat tljep might ban e farrc better cljeape not' 
 toitl)naROtngtl)ectiaomcfLce,tl)cpDcfirctitl)eiksugto licence tbtmtotakc t(jc oilesat tijeplca- 
 fureof bis commons.fo? that bis pjt'cc aia ercecoe theirs : toibcreunto tlje king iixmlo not agree, 
 but tolas rather comenteB to abate hip p?ice,infomuc!) that the factor bought allthtiroplea of the 
 king cttttome fcee, ana fo laaia tbe fame abooja. 
 
 3Jiitbemi'anetimetl)CceeametotbatplaceoneM!ilesDJckenfoiitnafbipofBri(lo\v,Ul)oto- anotiiaWp 
 gotljer toit'o our fato factors taoke a botifc to thfmfctues tber*, ©ur.jTrencbjTacto? Romane ofBVifiQw catiii 
 SonningsoeGreotobttpacom'.nositpintbemarkeCjanDiijantingntoiiep^eGrcD tlje faiae Miles ,0T,! '' ol: 
 DickenfoiiCfllenObimanbana?eDChikinoes\)ntiUb£cametolji9loagtng,U)b!Cbl)CDio,anBaf' 
 tecauacotbs fame Sonningsmetteto;tb Miles Dickenfon in tbe Kreete , ana aeltucrcDljmima- 
 nep bouna up in a napkin; taping, matter Dickenfon there is tbe monep tb it 31 bo?atoiea of pou, 
 ana fo tbankeo btm fo? tbe fame : bee aoubtea nothing lelft then faltbooae , which is feiacmc 
 ftnotontc amongmarcljantSi ana fpeciallp being together (n one boufc, ana is tbe mo?e detectable 
 bettaieene £b?iGtans, tljep being tnTiirkie among tbe heathen, <£be faio Dickenfon did not tell 
 tbcmoncppicfcntlpjDutillbccametobWloagtrtg.ano.tbeiiSnDingnine Chikinoes lacking of 
 bis bmtaica.toibich tolas about tb?cepounDS,fo? chat eiierp Chikino is toioojtb feuen (billings of 
 Cnilifbmjiup.beeameta tbe fapae Romane Sonnings ana Beu'ttere_a him bis banBkcrcbiefe, 
 nnaafkeabim home manp Chikinoes bee baaBeliuereabmi^SonningsanfiaereOjanbuin^ea: 
 Dickenfon faio no : anafo tbep p?cteSeDana lu)o?eonboth parts. 'But in the eno the fapo Ro- 
 mane Sonnings Bin ftoieare Beepelp toittb cettfrable othes ana cuifes, ana p?apea (Sod tijat bee 
 might fljeto>cbtstoio?kcs on bint, that otbermtgbt take enfampletbeeebp, ana that be might be 
 bangealike aaogge, ananettcr come into England agame, if be Bia not Bcmtcruntn tlje fapae 
 Dickenfonanbtma^caChikiiioes.anBberebeljolaeanotableerampleofaUblafpbemers/ur* 
 fersana fvaearers, botoi (Soa rcuiaraea him acco?ainglp: fo?manp times it commetb topaffc,tba£ 
 (Soa Ojetoctlj bis miraciesuponfucbmanflrous bIfifyfcmers,totheenfampleafotbci;s,as nouie 
 hereafter poa (bail heart taibat befell to this Romane Sonnings, 
 
 ^bere uuas a man in tlje faia totoine a plcage,niljclt: "ante uias Patrone Norado,toiljo the perc 
 befo?c b sa Bone this Sonnings fame pleafure f.here.'Ebc fo?cfaio Patrone Norado teas inacbteB 
 tonto a ^uckc of that totowe,in the fumme of foure buna?ea ana fiftie crotowes.fo? certain gopas 
 fern bp him into Cb?tffenaome in a fljip of bisotone 3 ana bp bis otome b?otber,an&btmfelfe remai* 
 nea in Tripolis aspleage Vintiil bisfata brothers rewrite ■: ano,as tberepo?t toient there, after his 
 brothers arriuall into Cb?ittcnaome , he came among letoiee compatiie, ana loftbte brothers fain 
 Ihip ana gooas at oice , ana neuer rettmica bnto him againe, 
 
 "%l)Z faia Patrone Norado being bopae of all hope , ana finaing notoi oppo jtum'tie , confultca * ""*'"»* 
 toittb the fata Sonnings fc? to flBtmmc a feaboo?act!je 3lBanas,ana tlje Qjtp being then out of Bam ?$ jptmcu 
 ger,fb9ula take btm in(as after tu as conf effca)ana fo to goe to Tolon in tlje p?onince of Marfeiiis *? c ™^™ J* 
 toith thisPatroneNorado,anathcretotak£inh!SlaBtng. . kit&mauDmt 
 
 %\)t fljippe being rcaaie the firtf oap of ,^ap, nr.a hauirtg herfapIesaUaboo^oe, our fapae of «° «"»«* 
 jfacto?s aia take tljeir ieaue of the king , tobo uerp courteouHp biaoe them farvutll, ano toljen 
 tlje? came aboojae, tljep commnunaeathe^aSerana tljecompaniehafliiptogctout tljetbipr 
 the fatter anftoereo tljat it toas tonpofftble , fo? tljat the toince toas contrarp ana auerblovoca* 
 9naherequireBbs bpon fojfeitureof our baiibes, that tocfrouloaoe our inaeuaurto get bee 
 foojth* Sljentoenttoee to toarpe out tlje fljippe, ano pjefcntlp the king fentaboateaboojoof 
 bs,niithtb)ee meninher,commaunaingtljcfaiae Sonnings to come a fljsarej atlnljofe com' 
 wing, thekingoematmBeBofbimrttSomcfo? tljeoplcs : Sonningsantocreahimtljatljisbigl) 5 
 nelfe ban ujomifeo to acliuer tljem cuttome frse* leutnotVuithHanDing tlje king toeigijea not 
 ftis fata p?omife , ana as an infiaell tljat bath not the fearc of @oa bcfo?e bis epes , no? regarne of 
 bis niojae , albeit bee \uas a king, bee caufea tbe fapae Sonni ngs to pap tlje runtime to the utter* 
 moll penie, &na afteruwree toiileahtmto makebafieatuap.faping, tljat the Ianizaries iuoulo 
 baue tlje cple afboare againe, 
 
 ^hefe laniz-awes are foulaters tljere bnacrthe great 'iKurke, ana their ponier is aboite tlje. 
 Kings, 3nafo tlje faioe jFacto?, acpartea from the king , ana rame to the Hiatertbe, ana calleD 
 fb? a boate to come ab30?ae, ans he brought toith btm tlje fojefaia Pacrone Norado, &[je f om^ ^ft«6?8ftiniitB 
 panic incmilTtiuc to knote toljatman that iuas.Sonnings anfiDerea.that bewas bis cottntrcpmait, bit -a "no o "«• 
 apafi"engcr:3I p?ap@oa faio tijecompanie, tljat iue come not into trouble bp this man, -Sbe." [S^ 1 " 5 " 1 
 faia Sonnings angcrlp.tohat Ijauepoutoaoiuith anpmatters of miiu": if anptljing chance otljer= 
 lnife tfjen niell, 31 muQ anfmerc fo? all, 
 
 jaoine tlje ^urke bnto lahom tljis Patrone Norado nias inaebteo 5 roiulng him ( fnp-'ofea 
 
 Q^3 - 5)im 
 
i8d TheEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations, Tho.Sanders, 
 
 bim to be aboojbe of our ftippc ) pjefentlp ment bnto tbe King , ano toloe Ijim tljat bee tljougtjc 
 tbat bis plebge Patrone Norado mae aboo?o of ri)e «2ngli(b fljtp, tube retipon tlje Sting p jefentlp 
 fent a boat aboojoof be, mitb thjee menin her, commanoing tlje faibSonnings to tome a (boare, 
 ano not ipcaking anp thing as touching the man, be fatoe that bee tooulc come pjcfcwclp in his 
 otone boate, but aflbone as tljep mere gone , be milleo be to tuarpe foojdj tbe Hup, ano faioe tljat 
 be tooulo fee tbe knaues bangeo before be ujouId goe a iboare, 9 no total tbe king fatoc that 
 be came not a Iboare, but fltll continueo toarpmgato3pibe(bippr,bcttraigbtrommaunocD tbe 
 gunner of t be bulruarke nert bnto be, to fljoote cbjee (bootee tuitljottt ball. %\)tn me came all to 
 tbe fatD Sonnings,anb afkco of bim tohai tlje matter mas that toe mere (hot at.be fato that it teas 
 tbe Ianizarics mho mottlo bauc tljcoplc a (boare agame.anomilleo be to make bade atoap.anD af- 
 ter tljat be ban Dtfcbatgeo tbjee (how teitbout bailee commauuoeb alt tbe gunners in tbe totone 
 to boetbeir inccttotir to finke be, but tbe SDurkiib gunner* coulo not once Crike bs, tobcrefoje 
 the king fcntpjefentlp to the Banio.(this Banio ts tlje pjifon toberas all tbe captiues lapatnigbt) 
 ano p?,omifeo if tbat there toere anp that coulo either finite be, ojelfecaufc be to come in againe, 
 be (liotiio batte a buno jeo crotones , ano bis libertie. (Hiitb that tame foo jth a Spaniard calleo 
 Sebaitian.inbtcb bao bene an olo feruitour in Flanders, ano be faio.that bpon tbe performance of 
 tbat p ? onufe , bee lnoulo bnocrtake either to finke be , o } to caufe be to come in agatne, ano tbec< 
 to be moulo gage bte life, ano at tbe firft ibottc he fplit our ruooers beat" in pic rcs.ano tbe fecono 
 ftjotte be If take be bnbet tbe mater, ana tbe t hire (botte be ftjotte be tb jougb our fo?emafl uiitb a 
 Coluering fijo t, ano thus be bauing rent hot b our rubber ano matte, ano foot ue bnoet motet, tot 
 mere tnfo?cco to goein agatne. 
 
 ^hi e Se b aft ian f 0} all bis Diligence ber em,l;ab neither b is Iibcrtp.no? an b«no?eo cro tonce,fo 
 pjomifeb hp tbe faib king , but after bis feruice Done mas cemmittco agatne to pnfon, tohcrebp 
 map appeare tbe rcgaro tljat tbe Curke 0} inuoell barb of bis mo joe, although be be able to pec< 
 fomie it, pea mo je, though be be a king. 
 
 Cben our merchants feeing no rcmebie, tbep together tot'tbfiue of out companie toent a 
 fljoare,ano then tbep ecafeo ujootingjthep ft)ot onto us in tbe mbole,nine ano thirtie Qjoo tee , toith* 
 out tbe butt of anp man. 
 
 9no mben out mar chants came a (boare , tbe King commaunbeb pjefcntlp tbat tbep mitb tbe 
 ted of our companie tbat mere mitb t bem,u)oulo be cbeinco foure gt foure,to a Ijunc ?eo toatght of 
 p ?on, anb mben me came in mitb tbe ftjip , tfjerc came p jcfcntlp aboue an bunb jcd % urks aboo?o 
 of bs.ano tbep fear ehen bs, anb Rtipt our beep clotfaes from our backee, $ b jakc open out cbett?, 
 anb mace a fpople of all that me bao : ano tbe £b?iftian caitifes liketoife tbat came a boojb of be 
 mabe fpople of our gooos, anb bfeo be as ill as tbe Curkes bib . 9ud our matters mate bauing a 
 GcneuaTBiblein bte banctberecame tbe kings cbtefegunner, ano tooke it out from him.mbo 
 tt)emeo me of it, ano J bauing tbe language.ment p jcfentlp to tlje kings tteafutcr, anb toloe bun 
 ofit/aping.tljatfitbittoas tbe mill of 6oD tbat me ujoulofall into their banbes, pet tbat tbep 
 Owulo grant be to bfe our confeiences to our omnc oifctetton, as tbep fuffcrcb tbe Spaniards ana 
 other nations to bfe theirs, anb be grauntcb be : tljen % tolb bim tbat tbe matfler gunner bao ta- 
 ken am ap a %Mz ftom one of our men : tbe Creafurtr toent p?efentlp anb commaunbeb bim to 
 beliuer bp tbe 'B ible againe.tobicb be bio : 9 mitljin a litle aftet be tooke it from tlje man agatne, 
 ano 31 ujemeo tbe Creafurec of it.ano pjcfcntlp be commaunbeb Ijim to oeliuet it againe: Taping, 
 t Ijott bil(aine,milt tljou tunic to Chnttianit ie againe u . fo? be mas a Renegado, tohlcb is one tbat 
 firtt mas a Ctnittian, ano af termarbS becommetb a &urfte , anb fo be oeliuereo me tbe "Bible tbe 
 fecono tiuic,9nt) then 31 bauing it in mpbano, tbe gunner came to me, ano fpake thefe too^ces, 
 faping,thou oogge.31 toil Ijaue tbe booke in befpigbt of tbee.ano tooke it from me,faping:3If tbna 
 tell tbe kings treafurer of it anp mo?e , bp S^abomet 31 toill be reuengcb of thee, pottoitbttan* 
 oing 31 toent tbe ttjtro ttme bnto tbe kinge ^reafurcr.anc tolbe bim of it , ano be came toit b me, 
 Taping t bus bnto tbe gunner: bp tbe bcao of tbe great 'ftutfce , if tljou take it from bint agatne, 
 tljou bait haueanbunojebbaftonadoes, 9nb foojtbtottb be oeliueteo me tbebooke, taping, be 
 bao not tlje balue of a pin of tbe fpople of tbe (hip, tolji cb toas t be better foj tjitn, ae hereafter pou 
 (ball beareifo? tljcre toaenone,neitber £b?iftian no; Curkc tljat tooke tbe balue of a penimo?n> 
 ofonrgoooe from be, but pertttjeb both bobie anb gooos toit bm fcucntcene monetbs follotoing, 
 ae hereafter (ball platnelp appeare. 
 
 Cbencame tbeGuardian Baftia, tobicb ie tbe keeper of tbe kinge captiuee , to fetebbe alia 
 Iboare, ano tben:7 remembjtng tbcmiferablecflateof pooje DtttrevTeo captiuee, in tbe time of 
 tijetr bonoage to tljofe infiocls.tocnt to mine ton e cbcfl, ano tooke out tbereof a iarce of ople.ano 
 fillcb a baf fcet full of tobite E ttf ke to carie a (boare toit b me , but befojte 31 came to tbe Banio , tie 
 Murium bopee bao taken amap almofl all mp b }t ,id , ano tlje keepe r faioe , oeliuet me tbe tarre of 
 
 ople, 
 
Tho.Sanders, TrafHquesandDifcouenes. 187 
 
 ople, ano toben tljou commett to the Banio thou (hale banc it againc , but 31 neucr. bao it of btm 
 anpmo;e, 
 
 OSuc toben 3 came to tbc Banio,ano fatoe oat 953arrbant0 ano all tlje reff of our companp in 
 cbaines.ano toe all reaop to receitie the fame rctoaro, tobat beatt in tbe toojlo is there fo ljnro,buc 
 tooulo Ijauc pitieo our caufe,bearing o; feeing ctje lamentable greeting there toas bectoijet tis: all 
 tljta bappeneo the 6rft of S0ap , 1 584, 
 
 ano the fecono nap of the fame monetb, the King toitb all bis counfell fate in iucgement upon <jh« «ii8nn> 
 ns.^be firlt that toere ban fo;uj to be arraigneo.toerc the jTacto;s,ano the Sgtaflcrs.anD tbe&ing mm ««»«»«& 
 afkeo tljcm toberefoje tbep came not a fljoar e token be fent fo? them. 9no Rom am c Sonnings an- 
 ftoereo.tbat though be lucre lung on (baste, ano might commaunoe there, fo mac bee as touching 
 tbofe that toere vmoer him: ano therefore fnio.if anp offence be, the fault is tobolp in mp felfe.ano 
 in no other. Cben foojtbtoitb tbe ttinggaue iuogement, tbat the faioe Romaine Sonnings (hottlo 
 be bangeo otter the .0 ojchealr bultoarhe, from whence be conuepeo the fo?enamco Pa crone No- 
 rado,ano then be calico fo; our fatter Andrew Dier, ano ofcD fetoe ujo ;dcs to bim,ano fo core 
 Dcmneo bun to be bangeo ouet the toalles of tbe 32Jettermoft bultoarkc. 
 
 ©ben fell our otber jFaeto; ( nameo Richard Skegs) upon Ik's knees befoje tbe king.ano fai», 
 31 hef eech pottc bigbnelfe either to parson our flj&aftcr, o ; elft fuffcr me to oic fo; bim.f o ; be is ig< 
 nojantoftbiscaute. &nothen tbepeople ofthaceoumrcpfauouring the fato Richard Skegs be» 
 fought the feing to paroontbem both, &o then the king fpafce the Ce too ;ocs : Beholoe, fo; thp 
 fake,3lparoontbe fatter. ^benpicfcntlptljeTurkesfbouteo, ano crico, faping : Sltoap toitb 
 tbe Scatter from tbep;elence of tbe king. 3no then he tame into tlje Banio tobereas toe toere,ano 
 toloe us toliat baD bappeneo,ano toe all feiopceo at tbe gooo bap of matter Skegs,thae bee toas fs> 
 uco,ano out gaiter fo; bis fake. 
 
 But aftertoaro our iop toas tttrnco to Double fo?roto, fo; in tbe meant time the kings mince 
 toas altereo: fo; tbat oueof bis counfell bad aoutfeo bim, that onlcflc tbe Rafter Dieo alio, bp the 
 latoe tbep cottlo not confifcate tbe (bip no; gocos, neither captiue anp of the men: toberenpon tbe «psi»« Din 
 kmgf«itfo;out^au^ragatne 5 anOgauebnnaiTotheriuDgementafterbiBparoonfo;onecaufe, S'j^y 6 
 tobicb toas tbat bee ©onto be bangeo. Ipereall trucChrirtiansmapfeetobattruttaChriftian oners urn* 
 man map put in an inttocls p jomifc, tobo being a King, patoonco a man notoc, as pou baue bearo, "^ 
 ano toitbin an bottre after bangeo bint to; tbe fame caufe befo ;e a tobole mult it uoe : ano alfo p;o- 
 mifeo out jfacrojs their oplcs cuttome free , ano at their going atoap maoe them pap tbe utter* 
 mod penie fo; tbe cuttome thereof, 
 
 9no toben tbat RomaineSonnings fato noremeopbut ttjatlje fboulo eic.be ptotcflco to turne 
 Turke.btwingtbcrebptobauefaueobisilife. 3£hen faioe tbe Turke, aftboutoilt turne Turke, MFrmehmsa 
 fpeake tbe too;os tljat tberetmto belong: ano be oiofo. ^ben faioe tbep unto bim, jaoto tbou (bale Soa^rfpM 
 oiein tbefaitb of a Turke, ano fo bee oio,as tbe Turkes rcpo;teo tbat toere atbiserecution. Slno WM"> «&«• 
 tbe fo;enamco Pacrone Nora do,tobereas befo;e be tjao liber tie ano oio notlj in g.fce then toas ten* JangeS!* 8 
 oemneo flaueperpetttall, ercept there toere paiment maoe of tbe fo;efaio fumme of monep, 
 
 <£ben tbe king conoemneo alius, tobo toere in number Qre ano ttoentie, of tbetobicb,ttoa 
 toere bangeo (as pott baue bearo) ano oneoieo tbe ftrS oap toec came on (hoare, bp tbe UiCtation of 
 Sllmigb t ie Q?oo : ano tbe otbet tlj;ee ano ttoentie be conoemneo flaues perpetuallp unro tbe great 
 Turke, ano tbe (bip anogooos toere confifcatco tc tbcufe of tlje great Turke: ano tben toe all fell 
 Ootone Upon our knees, giuing <S oo tbankes fo; this fo;rotofull uiGtation, ano giuing our feluea 
 tobclp to tbe aimightic potoer of ©oo,unto tobom all fecrets are knotoen.tbat be of (jisgooonede 
 toouio uoucljfaf e to looke Upon Us. 
 
 $ere map all true £b?i(rian hearts fee tlje toonoerfull too;kes of ©oo ujetoeo Upon fuch infi- 
 uels, hlafpljcmcrs, toljo;emaiters, ano renegate£b;iflians, anofo pou ujallrraoe in tbe enoeof 
 this booke, of tbe like Upon tbe unfaitljfull Ring ano all W tbilo;en, ano of as manp as toofee anp 
 po;ttonoftbefaiogooos. 
 
 Butfirtt toDbetoeourmiferablebonoageanotlauerie, ano Unto tobatfmall pittance anoal-- «ueci>sui 
 lotoante toee toere tieo, fo; euerp fiue menbao allotoance but Bue atpers of b;eao in a oap.tobicb jgjj {j"ot™o 
 is but ttoo pence Englifh : ano otic looging toas to Ipe on tbe bare boo;os,toitb a uerp fimple cape ofb'i«i> aS^! 
 to couer U3, toee toere alfo fo;ceabIp ano mod uiolentlp (batten, beao ano bearo, ano toitbin tb;ec 
 Bapes after , 31 ano fee mo;eof mpfellotoes, together toitbfottrefco;e kalians sno Spaniards 
 toere fejitfoo;tbinaGaleoctotakeaGreekifhCarmofell,tobicb came into Africa to flealeNe- 
 groes, ano toent out of Tripolis unto tbat place, tobtcb toas ttoo buno;eo ano fourtte leagues 
 tbencc/out toee toere cbaincotb?ceanotb;ectoanoace,anotoec rotoeonakeo aboaetbegirole, 
 anotlje Botefwaine of tbe ©allep toalfeeo abafttbe matte, ano bis 9£ate afo?e tbe matte,anoecbe 
 of them a bulls ptlfell o;ieo in their banoes,, ano toben tbeir oiuelifh cfjollcr rofctljtp tooulofirike 
 
 tbe 
 
 
1 8 8 The Englifh Voyages ? Nauigations ? Tbo, Sanders. 
 
 ©tje Turko 
 bmloro a 
 tj)utclj. 
 
 ana (cm 3. 
 times .uuccltc 
 30. miles to 
 fctct) Wood. 
 
 tijc Chriftiaru fo? no caufe x &11D tbep allotoeb ba but balfe a pottiib of bjcab amati in a Dap toitb= 
 out any other home of fu(f ctmnce, toatcr crccpteb, $no toben toe came to tlje place toheteas toee 
 fate tlje Carmcfell, toe toerenot ftnTerebtoljauencitbpnecble, boDlun,ftnifc,o?aiipotljertoea-= 
 pan about bs, nojatanpotljerttme in tlje night, bpon paineofonebunDjeD barconadoes:ijoee 
 toere then alfo ctuellp manackleb in fuel) fojt, that toe coulo not put one Ijanbcs tlje tengtlj of one 
 foote afunocr tlje one from the otljer.mib euetp nig&t tbep fenrebco out cljaines tij?ee tiroeB,to fre 
 if tljep toere fattriucteb : ffiKee contmueDfigtjt mitlj ttjeCarmofelltljjcebaures, anbtbentoee 
 tootait,anbloabutttooofourmcninthac figbt,l)uttljcre toere flame of the Grcekesftuc,anb 
 fotttetecne mere crttcUp butt, anb tljep that toere founb, toere pjefentlp mane fours, anb cljai* 
 neb to tbe oares : aim toicbinfiftcene bapes after toe returneb agatne into Tripolis, anb tljen toce 
 toereputtoallmanet of tlauerie* 31 toas put to betocftoues, ami other to carp Horn*, anb fome 
 to b?ato tbe Cart toitb cartb,anb fome to mafee mo jter.ano fome to oiato ftoncs, (fo? at tbat time 
 tlje Turkes builoeb a church: ) §nb thus toe toere put to all ftmbe of flatierte tbat toas to be oone, 
 3nb in tbe time of our being there, tbe Moorcs tbat are the httf banbmen of tbe countrep.rebelleB 
 agamft tbe king, becaufe be tooulb baue conttraineb tbemto pap greater tribute tbenljeretofoje 
 tljep bab bone,fo tbat tbe ibottlbtours of Tripolis marcbeo foojtlj of tbe totone to baue iopneb bat« 
 tell againft tbe Moores foj tl;eir rebellion, anb tlje Eingfcnt toitb tbemfoure pieces! of S)fbi* 
 nance,tobicb toere bjatoen bp tbe capttues ttoentie miles into tbe Countrcp after tbcm,am> at the 
 Ggljt tbereof tbe Moores flcb, anb tben tbe Captamcs returneb back? againc. Cljen 31 anb eer* 
 taineChriftiaHsmoxetoerefent ttoeltte miles into tlje coumrep toitb a Cart to lobe timber, ano 
 toe returneb againe the famebap. 
 
 'jaotoe tbe feingbabi8,captiucsf,tobichtb?ee times atoeefcetocnt to fettbtooobtbtrtiemiless 
 from tbe to ume:anb on a time be appointeb me foj one of tbe 1 8 .anb toee beparteo at eigbt of tbe 
 cloche in tlje nigljt , anb bpon tbe map as toee robe bpon tbe camels, 31 bemautibeb of one of one 
 companp,tobobiD Direct bs tbe toap';hefapb,tbat tbere toas a Moore in our.companp tobtcb toas 
 nttvo;iii'jc:aiib3Ibcmaunbeb of tbemboto Tripolis anb tbe tooob bare one offtbcotfecr': anbljce 
 faib,€aft jSoitbeaff, anb S2Mr§>outijtocn\ Sinb at mtonigbt o? neere tljcreabout^as 31 toas tt« 
 bing bpon mp camel,3I fell aUecpe,anb tlje guibe anb all tbe reft robe atoap fromme,'not thinking 
 buta bab bene among tbem, W&ym 31 atooake,anbfinbingmpfe]fe alone burfrnotcaUno?bal s 
 loto,fo? feareleatt tbe toilbe Moores ujoulb beare me,becaufe tbep bolbe this opmion,tbat in kil* 
 Img a Chriftian tbep bo <$oo goob feruice: anb muling toitlj mp felfe tobat toere left f oj me tobo, 
 if 31 fbottlb goe foojtb, anb tlje toiloe Moores ujoulb Ijap to mcete toitlj mee, tbep tooulb hill meet 
 anb on theotbetlroe, if 31 fboulb returne backe to Tripolis toitbout anp tooob oi companp, 31 
 ujoulb be moll mifcrablp bfeb: tberefo?e of ttoo euils,ratbcr 31 bab to goe foojtb to tlje looting of 
 mpltfe,tbentoturnebatkeaitbtruatotbeicmercie,fearingtobeebfcbas befoje 3 babfeeneo* 
 tbers : fa? bnberffanbing bp fome of mp companp befo?e,botoe Tripolis anb tlje faioetocob nitrite 
 one off anotljer ,bp tlje jS&ojtlj Carre 31 toent fojtlj at abuenture,anb as <8ob tooulb baue it, 31 came 
 rigbt to tbe place toljere tljep toere, euen about an boure before bap : tljerc altogctljer toee rcftca 
 anb gaue our camels pjoucmj e r, anb affoone as tbe bap appeareb,toe robe all into tlje tooob: anb H 
 leetus no tooob tljere.but a fticke bere anb a niche tbtre,about tbe bipeffe of a mans arme groto« 
 tng in tlje fanb, it caufeb mee to mar tteiic boto fo manp camels Qjcufb be loben in tbat place, €lje 
 tooob toas Iuniper, toe neebeb no are no? eoge toole to cut it,but pluckt it bp bp Brengtlj of banbst 
 r oo tee anb all, tobtcb a man migljt eaftl p do, anb fo gatbereb it togetljer.a little at one place anb fo 
 at anotber.anb labeb our camels,anb came borne about fetten of tbe clocke tbat nigljt folatouigibe-- 
 catife 33 fell lame.anb mp camel toas tircb,31 left mp tooob in tbe toap, 
 
 "(Ojete toaS tn Tripolis tljat time a Venetian, toijofe name toaS Benedetto Venetiano,anB 
 fettenteene captiucs mo?e of bis companp, toljicb ranne atoap from Tripolis in a boate,anb came 
 in tight of an Jftanb calleb Malta, toljicb lieth fourtie leaguesfrom Tripolis rigljt ji5o?tb,anb be* 
 ing toitljm a mile of tbe ftjoare, $bcrp faire toeatber,oneof tljctr companp faio.Indifpetto de dio 
 adeifo venio a pilliar terra, tobicb is as mucb to fap S 3In tlje befpite of @ob 3 ©all lioto fctcb tlje 
 Spin "mvlt* moare,anb p jefentlp tljere arofe a migbtp 8o?me,toitlj tljunoer anb raine.anb tlje toinb at jftojth, 
 mnt. tbctrboate being berp final!, fo that tbep toere info?ccb to beare bp roome, ano to fpeare rigbt 
 
 afoje tbe toinbe otter againft tlje coaft sf Barbarie fromtobence tljep came.anbrotoing bpanu 
 botonetlje coafi, tljeir bictuals being fpent, tlje 21. cap after tbcitbcparturc tljep toere infojeett 
 tljiottglj tbe toant of foob to come afl)oare,tl)inhing to Ijauc ftolne fome fijeepe: but tbe Moores of 
 the countrcp berp craftilp perceitting tljeir intent , gatbereb together atljjeefeoje bo?femcn,ant> 
 Jjio tljcmfelues bebtnoe a fanbie bill, anb toben tbe Chriflians toere come all a ftjoare,anopafl Dp 
 rjalfeamileinto the countrcp, tbe Moores robe bettoirt them anb tljeir boate,anb fome oftbein 
 purfueb tlje ChriHians, ano fott)ep toere all taken anb bjougijt to Tripolis, from tobence tbep 
 
 ban 
 
 Cigjttcnt 
 captiucs rim 
 away from 
 Tripolis. 
 
 3TI)* t»6gca 
 mentofiSoti 
 
Tbo. Sanders. TrafTiques andDiicoueries. 
 
 \%9 
 
 Dras;oa. 
 
 3Tf1t Singa 
 
 fni.iir ija'oa 
 
 Cfl J-'IU ■.,- mac 
 
 la asinine to 
 one of tlje 
 
 D.llffMf £ ~0,\( 
 
 refute guars, 
 tiint vcae foj- 
 ceo to turne 
 Tuike. 
 
 Jjau before efcapeo:ana pjcfcntlp tljekmg commautioeo tljat tlje fojelatoe Benedetto juml) one 
 
 mo?e of Ijis compattp fijottlo lofc tljetr earcs,anD the rctt tboulD lie mod cruelty beat cn,tobic!j tons 
 
 pjcfentlpomte. ■Ellis kinghaoafomtetohtchtoasarttler m an 31fianD calico Gerbi,tobmunto 
 
 arrttteo a« Hnglifh fljippc calico theGreene Dragon, o f'tljc tohtclj toa<5 garter oik' M.BJoukct, 
 
 teho t)<itting a ucrp tmljappp bop tu tlj.it fljippc , ana onocrftanDttig that to'jofocucr tooulo turne 
 
 TurkeffioulobcuiellcntcrtcinEDoftljckincrsfonnc.tljisboj'oiorumieafljoare, ano uoluntarilp 
 
 ttirneo Turkc <g>!;onlp after tljekmgs fonnc came to Tripolis to tnlite bis fatljcr, anti (ecircg our 
 
 rompanp.hecgrcatrp fancieo Richard Burges our Jpurfcr, ano lames Smith : tljcp lucre botlj 
 
 pong mny be rcfo?e be toas Uerp oeOrotts to tjatte tlicm to turne Turkcs.but tbep ttoulo not peclo 
 
 to Ijtsoefirc/apingtSIlc are pour fathers flaucs.ano as fiaues tocc totll fertteljrm. Chen htsfa* 
 
 tber the kmg fent fojtljcm, ano afkeotljrm if tljcp UJctilo turne Tuikcs? 2 no tljcp feiDe:3ifie 
 
 plcafepottrljigbneire.CljHaians toe toccr borne, ano fotoe toil! rematncatiD bcfcccbco the king 
 
 tfjat tbep might not bee info?ceo tljcretmto. Che kino; Ijao tljcre befoje in bis Ijotife a fonne of a 
 
 pcomanofcra'IiiteenesguarDjtohomtlje kings fonne bao infojeco to turne Turke, bis name 
 
 toasIohnNelion: him the king cattfed to be brought to tljefe peng mcn,attD then faio Onto t bent: 
 
 SOU not pott bcarc this pour cottntrepman companp,ano be Turke as Ijec is "$ 3no tljcp faioe,that 
 
 chep toonlo not peclo thereunto During life. T5ut it fell out,that toitljm a monetljafter, the kings 
 
 fonnc tocnt borne to Gcrbi againe, being fire fco?c miles from Tripolis.ano carico our ttoo fo?c« 
 
 fatopong men toitlj bim.toljirlj toere Richard Burges,anD lames Smith: anD after tljetr ocparttire 
 
 from os, tljcp Cent D3 alette^fiajnifptngtljat tljeretoas no violence CbetocD ton thrm as pet, but 
 
 toitljm thjrc oapes after tbep toere niolentlp bfcD, fo? tljac tijc kings Ccnneocmaunocti of chfirt 
 
 agafnc,if tljat tbep toottlo turne Turke ? Eljen anfojccco Richard Burges,a Cb?i3ian 31 am,ano 
 
 fb 3! totll rcmaine. Cben tbc kings fonne oerp angcrlp faio imto Ijim : 10p Mahomet tljou ftjalt 
 
 pjefentlp be maoe Turke. Cben calico be fo; bis mcn,anD commaRDeDtljem to make Ijim Turke, 
 
 ano tljcp did fo, ano circumcileDbtm, ano toottiDbatteljaobimfprafee tbe toojoes tljat tbereunto 
 
 belougeo, but Ije anftocrcD tljem ffoutlp tljat be tooulo not: ano altljougljtbep Ijao put onljtm tlje 
 
 Ijabite of a Turke, pet fapo be, & Chriflian 3] toas bome,anD fo 31 totll remaine,tljougljpou fojee 
 
 inctoDoeothertoifc, 
 
 9no tljen be calleo fo? tlje otber , ano commatmaeo Ijfm to be maoe Turke perforce alfo : but Ije 
 toas Ocrp ttrong,fo2 it toas fo mttcb as etgljt of tlje kings fonnes men cottlo ooe to boloc Ijim, (0 m 
 tbecnoetbfpcircttmctfeobtm^nomabeljimTurke.ji^ototopaireoueralttle.anofotofljetoetlje 
 mancrofour oeliucrance out oftbatmiferablccaptiuitie,. 
 
 31n Spap afo?t faio, ffjojtlp after our app/cbenfion, 3 to?otea letter intoEngland imto mp fa* 
 tberotoellmgtn Eautftoke mDeuon/hire,fignifpmg bntolrim tbe toljoleeftate of our calami* 
 ties: ano 31 tojote alfo to Conftantinople to tbc English ffimbalfaoottr , botljtoljtcb letters tocre 
 faitbfullp Deliurrco.TSut toben mp father Ijao recciueo mp letterjanDtoiDertTooD tlje truetlj of our 
 mtfijap.anD tlje occafion tljcrcof ,ano tobat IjaD happeneo to tlje offcnBers. be ccrtifieo tlje rigljt Ijo* 
 nourable tlje carle of Bedford tbereof,toljo in Ibojtfpaceacquainteoljcrbtgljneuetoitljtbetobole 
 caufc tljereof.atiD bcr ^aiefite like a moll merciful! pincette tenoering bcr gmbiects, pjefcntlp 
 tookeo?ocrfo?ourocliuerance» ^Ijereupontljerigljttoojnjipfulfir Edward Osborne knight 
 oirecteoljis letters toicij all fpeeo to the EiiglimCmbaflaoourtn Conftantinople, topjocttrc 
 our oeltttcrp: ano be obteineo tlje great Turkes CommilTion.anD fent it foo^tljtoitb to Tripolis,bp 
 one gaffer Edward Barton , togctljer toitb a 3! uaice of tbc great Turkes, ano one fotilDt'our,ann 
 another Turke, anoaGrceketoljicbtoasljis mterp?etottr, toljiclj coulDfpeake befiocsGreeke, 
 Turkifti,lta)ian,SpanifhanDEnglifh, 3no toben tbep came to Tripolis, thep toere toell inter, 5 
 teineo« anotlje rtrflnigbtttjcp bid lie in a Captames bottle in tbetotone: allourccmpanp tljat 
 tocre in Tripolis came tljat night fo? iop to Rafter Barton ano tbe otber lommitltoncrs to fee 
 tljcm. Cfjcn mailer Barton faio onto w, toelcomc mp gooo countrepmen, ano Icuinglp intertei' 
 nco Ds.ano attutr Departure frombim,lje gatte i)S ttoo fl)illings,ano faio,^)erue <SoD,fo? to moj= 
 roto 31 bopepou (ball be as free as cttcrpou tocre ; £2Jeali gatte bimtljankes ano fo oeparteo, 
 
 Clje ncrt oap in tlje mojmngoerp carlp, tbc Eingljauing intelligence of tbeir comming,fent 
 tooio to the keeper s tljat none of tbe Englifhmen (meaning our companp)ftjoulo goe to toojke. 
 Cljen Ije fent fo? fairer Barton ano tbc otljer (Commiffioners, ano Dcmattnoco of tlje faioe ^a= 
 Cer Barton Ijismfliage: tlje JumccanfajereD^ljattljcgrcat Turke bis Sjoucret'gne Ijao fenttbtm 
 Unto Ij'm.fignifpinrt, tljat ije toas tnfojmeo tljat a certatne Englifh ujtppccallcD tlje Ieius, toas bp 
 IjimtbefatDekingconfifcatcDjaboutttoeltie monetbs fince,ano notoemp faioe §>ouereigneljatb 
 Ijerefentljis efpeciall commtfltonbp Ostoitopou,fb?t!ie oeliucrance of tbe faiDe fljippeano 
 gooos.ano alfo tlje free libertie ano oeliucrance of tlje Englifhmen of tbc fame Qjippe.tobom pott 
 batte taken ano kept in capttuitie, ano furtber tlje fame Suffice faioe, 31 am autljo^ijeD bp mp 
 
 faiu 
 
 ?rt)efirnmo« 
 tionfonOore 
 
 Englithmens 
 
 bcliueric. 
 
liTtieEngliflimcn 
 
 rtlc.iitl). 
 
 190 The Englifh VoyageSjNauigatioiiSj T^bo. Sanders. 
 
 lain fqueraigne cije great f urke to fee tt Done : 3no ttjetcfo?c 3i coinmauno you iipoertucof this 
 commiffion,p?ef<:!Ulp to make retcittitton of tljcpjtemifles 0? tljeOaute t!;ercof:ano To Dio tbe 3u= 
 ft;c£3 Oeltuer Onto tbe JKitig the great Turkes commiflton to tlje effect afo?efatDe,tohiclj commif* 
 fion the tog toiclj all obeotence recciueD : ano after tfje pcrulmgoftlje fame, be foo?tIjtoitlj com* 
 manoeo all dje E uelifli captiues to be b?ottgbt before bim,am> djen toilleD tbe feecpec to Crike off 
 allour pjonSjUirjicljoon^clje [ungfaiD,loou EnglilTamenjfoj tijat poutjto offeno tlje Jatries of tljts 
 place, up tlje fame InlueB tbc refojc fomc of pour companp lucre conoemnro to Die as pott snotee, 
 anDpctttobceptrpcturincapttue^Durtng;pour!u!eB:nottoit!)flanDtng;,fE«majttbatbplcafeDmp 
 foueraigne lojtj tbe great Turkc to parson pour tatooffcntes,aM> to gate pou pour frceDomeano 
 ItbcrttCjbcbolaejbcrejmalseDcliuerpofpotttotbisEnglifhcScntlcmaiufobeetieliutrcD osall 
 tljat lucre tbccc,being cljirteene in number, to SSaftcr Barton, lobo reciuiteo alfo tljofe tiuo pong 
 men wljiclj tbc Kings fonne Ijao taken toitb ljuti. %\}tn tlje tog anf suereD tljat it toas againti 
 tbeir lams to ociiucr tfym'Jin} crjnt tljep iiiere turneo Turkes: ano touching tlje fljip ano gooos,tbe 
 togfaio.tljat ije Ijao foloe ber.bttt tooulD make reftttution of tljebnluc, anD as mutlj of tlje gooDss 
 as came onto ljis banos.ano fo tbe king arofe ano lucnt to Dinner, ana commauno.ee a lew to goe 
 toitlj Spacer Barton ano tlje otljer comimmoners, to (hem tljem tbeir looging,tobicljtoas a boufe 
 p?ouitieo ano appointee tljem bp tlje fain king. 3no becattfe 31 Ijao tlje Italian $ Spanifh tongues, 
 lip toljtcb tbeir moll trafique tn tljat countrep is,8g)afler Barton maoe me Ijts Cater to bup bis tot* 
 ctuals fo? Ijtmanp bis companp, ana oeliuereo me moncp neeDfullfo? tlje fame, 3uljus toereuiee 
 fetatltbettietbe28,Dapofapj!il, 1585, 
 
 lvalue to retttcne to tlje kings plagues ano pumujments,toljic!j SUmigbtp <Soo st bis toil! ana 
 uleafitr e fenoetlj bpon men in tlje fight of tlje Ojo?Idc, ano libeorife of tlje plagues tljat befell bis 
 cbtlD?eu ano others afo?efaioe, jficftunjentoee toeremaoebonomen, being tlje feccnooap of 
 Sp)ap 1 jS^tlje king Ijao 3oo.captities,ano before tlje monetlj toas crpircD,tIjcre DicD of tbemof 
 tljeplague 1 50. ano toljereas cljerc lucre 26,menofour companp, of luljom tiuo lucre Ijangco, 
 anDoncDieo tlje fame Dap tljat toec lucre maoe bonoflaues:t&atp?efent monetlj tljereoieD nine 
 mo?eof our companp of tlje plague, ano other ttoo lucre fo?ceo to turne Turkes as before is re* 
 Ijearfto : ano on tbe fourtijDsp of Jlune nert follotoing tbe king loff 1 50.camels,toljiclj lucre ta* 
 kenframbmibp tlje milDeMoores: ano on tlje 28* Dap oftbefaioe monetlj of 3Iune, one Geffrey 
 Maltele, arenegado of Malta, rannc atoap toljis countrep, ano ItoleaBrigandinelDbicljtlje 
 tog baD builoeo fo? to take tbe Chriftians tottljall, anB carieo toitlj Ijitn ttoclue Chriflians mo?e 
 lnljiclj mere tlje kings captiues, 3ftcrtoaro about the tentlj Dap of 3lulp nert follotoing,tbe king 
 roat»foo?cbopon tljcgreatctc ano faired mare tljatmigbtbefeene,as nujtteasanpftuawie : bee 
 baD not nooen fourtic paces from !jis fjoufe, but on a fuooen tbe fame marc fell ootone unocr bitti 
 flarks ocaD.ano 31 toitij fire mo?e mere commaunoeo to buric bcr,itone, fljoes anD all, tobiclj toe 
 did. 9 no about tlj?ee monetbs after our rjeliucrie , Scatter Barton, tuith all tbc refioue of W 
 
 tompanp.DeparteD from Tripolie to Zantc, ina lJClfcll, callCD a Settea,of one Marcus Segoorus, 
 
 InboDtoelt in Zante,an5 after ourarrtuallatZanteirjeeremaineDnfteene Oapes tfjerc aboojue 
 ourOeu"cIl,bcfo?etocecouloebauePlatego(tbatis,leaue tocomcaujoare) becaufe tlje plague 
 toasin tljat place, ftomtijljcncc toce came : ano about cfyee oapes after toe came a ujoare.tbitber 
 rameanotbcrScttca of MarfeilsbomiDfo^Conftantinople. "SLljen DID Spafler Barton,anO btS 
 companp, toitbttoomoje of our companp, ftjippetbemfelnes as patTengers in tlje fame Settea, 
 anoiuentto Conrtantinople, But tlje otljer nine of OS tljat remaineD inZante,abouttlj?cemo' : 
 nctljs after ,fijipt our fclucs in a fljippc of tbe faiD Marcus Segoorus , toljiclj came to Zante, ano 
 toas botmo fo? England. 3in lubiclj tlj?cc monetbs.tbe fouloiers of Tripolie killed tbefaio king, 
 Slno tbeu tbc Lyings fonne, acco?Ding to tlje cttflome tbere,mcnt to Conftantinople,to furrcn* 
 Der op all Ijts fatljcrs trcafure, gooos, captiues, ano concubines, Onto tbe great Turke,ano toofee 
 luitljljim our faioclpurfer Richard Burges, ano lames Smiih.anDalfo tlje otljer ttooEnglifh- 
 men,OJl)icbbc tbc faiotogsfoimeljao infojceo to become Turkes, as is afo?cfapo, anotljeptlje 
 faioEnglifhnien fiuising nolo fomeoppo?tumtie, ccncluoeotoitljtbe Chriftian captiues lobtct) 
 lucre going luitb tljem Onto Confiantinoplc, being in number about one bunojeo ano fiftie, tor 
 ktlltbe kings fonne, ano all tbc Turkes iubtcbbjcreaboo?oeoftbc©allcp, anop?iuilptbefaiDe 
 Englifhmen conuepeo Onto tlje faibcChriftiancapttues, toeapons fo? tljat purpofe. 9no toben 
 tljcp came into tlje maine ;§>ea, toojaroc Conftantinople (upon tlje faitbfull p?omifc of tbc fapoe 
 Chriftian captiues) tljcfe foure Euglifhmenlept fuDoenlp into tlje Cioffia, tljat is, into 'tbe 
 mtDDrit of tlje v£allep,toljcre tbe canon lietb, ano iuitlj tbeir fluo?Dcs o?alune,oiD figbt agamft all 
 tlje fo?cfato Turkes, ano fo?luantofbclpc oftljcfaiDeChnftian captiues, toljofalflpb?afeetbctt 
 p?omifEB,ttjefato Smaller Blonkets bopojas kilIeo,auDtbe fapoe lames Smhh.ano our purffer 
 RichardBurges, ano tbe otbcrEnglilhman,toeretakenanobouno into cbaines, to bebangcoat 
 
 tbc« 
 
 «rtie i)i«etiic8 
 
 1111D ptnuUl' 
 incnto tlmt 
 
 iMpptluOtO 
 
 tliclitiimfliiO 
 
 •grtjcftinglafl 
 I5O.€anul0, 
 
 rahti! fa? tftc 
 UlllDC Moores. 
 
 <IVDO Englifh- 
 men liilppctJ ta 
 
 Conllaneinople 
 Uilt!) M. Bjtton, 
 
 ■Tlir fonioiera 
 
 Of Tripol'S fttl 
 
 CIIC lillllj. 
 
■JTtuo (Pallice 
 of Venice rcohe 
 
 tjIChlllgofTri- 
 
 policbiegalltp, 
 flllt) fclllCD t|)e 
 fentga lomtr , 
 
 Turkcs hi ir, 
 flilBrrlcafcbftll 
 I|)e Chliftiam 
 Iicmg iiTiutin- 
 bnijo. 
 
 TheQJetters. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. ipi 
 
 their aruuall in Conftantinople : anb as ttjc £o;dcs toill toas, about ttoo bapes after, p.itTmg 
 though the gtilfe of Venice,atan3lflanocaHeoCephalonia, tbep met miclj ttoo of tl;c Dufec of 
 Venice !)ia ©allicSi tohtclj cooke tljat <25allcp, ano killeb thekings forme, anb tjis mother , ano af 1 
 tljeTurkes tbac toere there, inmtmberiso.anbthep faueb the Chriftian captiues, anb tooulb 
 baue killeb tlje ttoo Englifhmcn becaufe t6cp toere circumcifco, ann become Turkes,bab not the 
 otljerChriftian captiues ereufeb them, fapmgj,t!jat tbep toere mfojxeo to be Turkes; bp tlje kings 
 fonne,ano ftjetoeb the Venetians alfo,hoto tht p bio cnterp?ife at fea to figbt againfi all the Turks, 
 anb that their ttoo fellotocg toere flaine in that fight, ^Chen the Venetian's faueb tfjem, anb tbep, 
 toitb all the refibtte of the faib capciucs, bab their Ubertie , toljtch toere in number 150.0? tfjerra* 
 uouts,nnocberaioe<Mlie,anoalltheTurkescreafure toas confifcaceb to tbe bfe oftljeflateof 
 Vcnice,3nbfromtljence out ttoo Engliftimentraucilebbometoarbbp lano, anb in this mrane 
 time toe haoonemoje of our companp,tobicbbicb in Zantc,anbafcertoatD the other eight (hippeo 
 tljemfelues at Zante.m afljippc of the faib Marcus Segorus,tohich toasbouno fo? England: anb 
 tiefoje toe oepartco tbence, there arriueo the Aflenfion, anb the George Bonauenture of Lon- 
 don in Cephalonia.inaharbour there, calleb Arrogoftoria, tobofesparchantsagreeotoichcbc 
 Uparchants of our fhtppe,anb fo labeb al tlje marcljanbtfc of our ujfppe into the faib fljtps of Lon- 
 don.vuho tooke bS eight in as paflengers, anb fo toe came home, ano toithtn ttoo monetbs after 
 our arriual! at London,ottr Caio pufer Richard Burges,anohisfelioto came borne alfo: fo? the 
 tohtcljtoeare bomro top?aife3lmiat;tie(Soo,buringourliucs, aiioasbuetiebinoetbbs,top?ap 
 fo?tIjep?cfcruationofourmoligraciousQ.ttecne, fo? ttjc great care her spjaieQiebab ouer bs, 
 ljcrpoo?e§>ttbtect2f,in feebinganb procuring of our beliuerance afo?efaioe:anoalfofo?ljerbo* 
 nourablcp?mic£ounfeIl,ano3l efpeciallfojtbcpjofperitteanogoooettateof tlje houfr ofclje late 
 neceafeo^berightftoueurabletljeCarleofBedford.tohofe honour 31 mutt confcu"e,moltot!tgfnt== 
 Ip at tlje fuicc of mp father noto ocparteb,traueileb Ijcret'mto? thetobtch 31 rett cominuallpbotin« 
 ncn to ljim,tohofe fottle 31 ooubt not,but tsalreabp in tlje Ijeaucns iniop.toitrj tlje 9Imigbcie,bnto 
 tobiclj place he bouebfafe to bjtng uss atl,thnt fo? our Unties fuffereo mottbtle anb ujameful oeattj 
 upon tlje CrolTe , there to liue perpetually too jlo without cnoc, amen. 
 
 The Queenes letters to the Turke 1584. for the reftitution of 
 
 the fhippe called the lefus s and the Englifl} captiues detained in Tripolie 
 
 in Bariarie 3 And for certaine other prifoncrs in i/irgier. 
 
 k 
 
 HP 
 
 jjl 
 
 ▼>| 
 
 
 1)\ 
 
 
 ^SSt^z 
 
 
 ww§ 
 
 1 r- T*S sr^^i "^i?) 
 
 LIZABETKA, Dei ter maximi & vnici cceli terrgque conditoris gra- 
 tia, Anglia:, Franciae, & HiberniaeRegina , fidei Chriftiana: contra omnes 
 omnium inter Chriftianos degentium, Chriftique nomen falfoprofiten- 
 tium idololatrias , inuicSiltima & pocentifsima defenfatrix : augultifsimo, 
 inui6xirsim6queprincipi,ZultanMuiadCan,Mufulmanici regni domi- 
 natori potcntifsimo, imperijque OricntisMonarcha:, fupra omnes foil & 
 fupremo falutcm, &c mulcos cum fumma rcrum optimarum afflucntia fee. 
 lices & fortunatos annos. 
 
 Auguftiilime & potentiffime Impcrator, biennio iam perac5to,ad Cafaream veliram Maie- 
 fiatem lcripfimus, vt dileftus nofter famulusGuilielmus Harebornu », vir ornatifsimus pro Ic- 
 gatonoftro Conftantinopoli,alijfque Mufulmanici imperij ditionibus,fublimi veftra authori- 
 tatc reciperetur: fimul etiam Angli fubditi noftri commercium & mercaturam, in omnibus illis 
 prouincijs exerceant.non minus libere, quam Galli,Poloni, Vcneti, Germani.cjeterfque veflri 
 confeedetati , qui varias Otientis partes peragrant,opcramnauautes,vt mutuis commerces 
 conitingaturOriens cumOccidenw. 
 
 Quae priuilegia, cum noflris fubditis Anglis inuicliflima veftra Maieftas literis & diplomate 
 fuo Iiberaliflime indulferic, facere non potuimus , quin quas maximas animus nofter capere 
 poteftgratias,eo nomine ageremus:fperantes fore,vt ha?c inftituta commerciorum ratio max- 
 imas vcilitatcs, & commoda vtrinque,tam in imperij vcftri ditiones^quam regni noftri prouin- 
 cias fecum adferat. 
 
 Id vc plane fiat , cum nuper fubditi noftri nonnulli Tripoli in Barbaria & Argella; ab eius loci 
 incolis voliitatem veftram forte nefcientibus male habiti fuerint, & immaniter diuexati,Cf fa- 
 ream veftram Maieftatem beneuole rogamus,vt perLegatum noftrum eorum caufani cognof- 
 cas, & poftremo earum prouin ciarum proregibus ac pra:feftis impercs, vt noftri libere in illis 
 locis,fine vi autiniuria deinceps verfari,& negotia gererepoftint. 
 
 Etnos omni opera vicifsim ftudebimusea omnia przftare, quas Imperatoriz veftra: Maie'- 
 ftati vllopadlo grata.fore intelligcmus :quam Deus ynicus mundi conditor optimus maxi- 
 
 mus. 
 
I9i The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations, Turfy mandate. 
 
 imis diutilfime incolumem & florentem leruet. Data; in palatio noitro Londini, quinto die 
 Menfis Septcmbris : anno I e s v Christi Seruatotis nolfri, i j 84 t Regn» veto nolfri viccf- 
 limo fexco. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 i Lteabeth.bp the grace of the moll bigb ©on. ano cnelp maker of beauen ano eartb,of 
 | EngIand,France anD Ireland SEhic ene.ano of tbe Cl)?iflian faitb, agairfl ail tl]C J0ola» 
 iters ano falfepjofetTojs of the jQame of Christ otoelltng among tbe Chnftians, 
 moll tnuincilj Ic ann puilTant Defender : to ttje mod rjaltant ano inutnctble \py, net ,Zul- 
 tan Murad Can, tbe mott migbtie ruler of tbekingoome of Mufulman, ano of tfce £afl empire 
 tbe onelp ano btgbett ^onarclj aboue all,bealcb,ano manp bappp ano fortunate peres,toitb great 
 abounoanre of tlje bed things. 
 
 g^ott noble ano puiffant GEmperour, about ttoo peeress notoe patTeo, tore toiote bnto pour Jm« 
 peria'.lS©aieQie,tbat our toelbcloueo feruant, William Hareborne,a man of great reputation anD 
 honour, mtgbtbercc£ttt£DonDerpourbtgbautb ?itte, fojottr&mbairaDourinConifantinopie, 
 ano other places, onocr tbeobeoiencc of pour €mpire of Mufulman : 9noalfo that the Englifh- 
 men, being our &ubiects, might etcrcife entcrcourfe ano marcbanDije in all tbofe j.9jou nces, 
 no Iclfefreclp tben tbe French,Polonians,Venetians,Germanes,anD Other potlCConfeOeratS, 
 
 tobkb traucile tlj?ougb oiucrs of tbe Call parts ; enoeuouring tbat bp mutuall traBque, ttje €afl 
 map be iopneo ano knit to tbe 523eu\ 
 
 GUbtci) pnuilcges , toben as pour mott puiffant ^aieflie , bp pour letters ano oncer pour oifc 
 penfetion mod Iiberallp ano fauourablp grantee to our §>ubiccts of England, nice coulo no leffe 
 Ooe,but in tbat retpect giue pou as great tljankes, as our heart coulo concciue,trufttng i bat it toil 
 come topaffe, tbat ttjis ojoerof traBque, fo toello?oeinco, toill bjtng toitb it fclfc mott great pjn* 
 fits ano comniooitits tobotbGoes, as toelltotbepartiesfubiecttopour€mpire,astotbcli3jo* 
 uinccs of o tir kingoome. SUbicb cljiug tbat it map be Done in plaine ano cffectuall maner,toijcre* 
 as fomc of our gmbiects of late at Tripolis in Barbarie.ano at Argier.tocre bp the inhabitants of 
 tljofe places ( being perbaps ignorant of pour plcafurc; eutll intreateo ano gricuottdp bereo.toee 
 Doe frienolp ano louinglpoeGrepourJmperiall^aiellie.tbatpoutotllbnDerflanotbnrcaufcg 
 bp our 3mbaffaoour,ano aftertoaro giue commaunocment to tbe lieutenauts ano IPjeGocnts of 
 tbofe p?ouinccs, tbat our people map bencefojtlj frcelp,toitbout anp oiolence.oj miurie^rauetle, 
 ano oo their bufineffe in tbofe places, 
 
 Slno toe againetoitball enoeuout, Ojallffttoie toperfojme all tbofe tbings,tobicb toe (ball in a* 
 tip toife imoerflano to be acceptable to pour Jmpenall S©nie8ie, tobicl) ©oo, tbe onelf makerof 
 tbetoo;lD ; moflbeltanomofl great,longkerpeinbealtb,anDflourifbmg, (Siuenin ourpa'.bice 
 at London, tbe fift Dap of tlje monctb of September, in tbe ptcre of I e s v s C h r i s t our &a* 
 uiotir, 1 5 84, 3noofourratgne,tbei6, 
 
 The Turk.es letter to the King of Tripolis in <Barbarie ,commanding 
 
 the reftitution of an Englifc fhip, called the Iefits, with the men, and goods, 
 fent from Conftantinople, by CMakomet Beg, a luff ice of the Great Tm kes > and an Eng- 
 lifh Gentleman, called Maffer Edward Barton. Anno 1584. 
 
 ©nottrable,anotoojtbpBafraRomadanBegIerbeg,motttotfeanopmoenc 
 3Iuogeof tbe StHettTripoIis^eetotlbtbeenoc of all tbp enrerpnfesbapoie, 
 ano pjofperous. Ti5p tbefe our bigbneffe letters , toee certifie titer, that tbe 
 rigbt honourable , William Hareborne,&mbaffaoour in our inofi fainows 
 UDoiclj, L? tbemofl ercellatt Cuteenes Spaicfcte of England, in perfon,ans 
 bp letters batb certifieo our b:gbneffe,tbac a certaine tbtppe,toitb all her fur« 
 nit ure, anoarttllerie, tooitb ttoo tboufano ouckcts, arrtutng in tbe pojt of 
 Tripolis,ano oifcbar^eo of ber laoing ano marcbanoi^e, paioe our cuQome accojoing to o?oer,an» 
 agamt'.tbc marcbants laoeo their fbippe toitb ople.tobicb bp conffraint tbep ttere infojee n to bup 
 of pott,? bauing auftoereo in like maner the cuflomc fo? tliefame.oetermineo tooepa; t:a French- 
 man altiflant to the 9parcbant, bnknotoen to the Englifhmen,cari£D atoap toitb btm another 
 Frenchman itiorbteoto a ceitame Moore '.nfourebunD?eOBucktts,anDbp fo?cecaufcfl tlje Eng- 
 liflimen, anofbtppe to Depart :toboneitbe: fufpectingfrauDe,nojDeceite,boifeDfaiIcs. Jntbe 
 meane time, this man, tobofe Debtee the Frenchman baD flollen atoap.tocnt to the Bafl'a toitb tbe 
 fupplication, bp tobofc meanes, ano fojee of tbe battle , tbe Enghfhmen toere cenfl rainco to re» 
 turne into tbe po?t,tobere tbe Frenchman, autho? of tbe euill,toitb tbe S^aflerof tbe u)ip an Eng. 
 
 lifhman, 
 
m 
 
 »— ■ ■■ — . . - Bl iii 
 
 A/. Harb .letter. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 liftman, innocent oftije crime toere banpo, ano fire aim tuientie Englishmen c<:ft mto p?tfon,of 
 toibom tb?ottgl) farmne,tbttfl,aiti) Cinbe of tbe pHfon,elcucnoicD,ani> the ccG like to otc.tf urtljcr, 
 itluasfipifieo to out ^aiettte alfo, tbat tbe marcbanoife ano otbcrpoos,ujitb tbcfl)!ppc,iuere 
 IdohIj 7<5oo.Duckcts: tobich tbtngstf tijcp be fo,tbis w out commanoemtnt, tobicljtuas granted 
 ano giueiibp our SgMcttie.tbat c{ie Englifh Qjtppe, ano all tbe mattbanoijc, ano tobatfacucr clfc 
 taken atiiap bee tuljalp rcffajeo, ano tljat tbe Englishmen be let pe free, ano fufferco to rcturne 
 into tbcir ffiounttep, SSbcrcfo je toben tbts our commaun&emcnt ftjall come onto rljce, Uoee 
 ttratgtjtlj) coiumauno ,tljat tlje fo jefato bufincfCe be otligentlp lookeoonto, ano ctfcbarpi), ano if 
 tt be fo, ttjat a Frenchman, anrj no Englifhman batb none cljijs craft, ano tockeDnefTc tonknotocrt 
 totbcEnglirhmcnjanDagautbouroftberuicfeeDnelTeispuml^fDjanDtbattljeEnglifhmeiuom' 
 mitten notljing apintt tbcpcace ano lea<r,uc,o? tljetr article? : alfo iftljep papo cuflome according 
 to o?oer,tt is apintt Iauj.cuftome of Cottntreps,ano tbcir pjiui!cgc,to bmoer oj butt t bcm. J3ei* 
 tljer is it mecte, tbcir ujippcmarcbanoifc, aim all tbeir poos takcn,fl)Oulo be toitrjljoloen. £23ce 
 H>iiltberefoje,tbat tbe Englifh fl)tppe,marcbanDi?e, ano all otljertbeir poD&,toittbouterceprum, 
 be ceflojeD to the Englishmen : alfo tljat tbe men uee let pe free, ano iftljep mill, let none btiioer 
 tbem,eo r etume peaceably into tbeir Countrep; oo not commic,tfjat tbep anotljer time complaine 
 oftljts matter,ano boro tbis bufineffe is Difpatcljeo, cecttfie Us at our mott famous pojclje. 
 
 Dateo in tlje Citie of Constantinople, in tlje 992 .peere of Mahomet , ano in tl;e enoe of tlje 
 monetbof Dctober ;ano inthepeerc of I e s v s i 584, 
 
 A letter of Mafter FTiHiamHarehorne,theY.ng\iQi AmbalTadour, 
 Ligierin Constantinople fo the Baffa Ramadan , the Beglerbegoi Tr/pohs in 
 Barbarie , for the restoring of an Engliin ihippc caJied the Ielus , with the goods , and 
 men,detainedasfbues, Anno 1585* 
 Oltomagnifico Signor, 
 
 Not haftatofignificatoper diner fe lettere di quanta hapaffato circa di vnanaue 
 noflra chiamata Ieftu,fopra il quale tn agiuto i&Ricciardo Skegs,f no de git 
 nofiri mercanti dt ejfagta morto,veniua vn certo F ranee fe per fopra cargo ,ckt- 
 amato "Romano Soningijl quale per non ejfer ben portato fecondo che doueua 3 
 volendotmportar feco vn altro Francefe debttore a certi voflrifenfapagarce- 
 ne,per giuflicia era apptccato col patron Ingleje Andre Dier, che come fim- 
 plice credendo al detto France fe,fenz,a attedercene de la fita ria malttia, non retornaua , quando 
 da voflra magnifica Signoria gli era mandate. La morte del detto trifle Francefe ajproftianto co~ 
 mo cofa benfatta. CjWiz al contrario , done let ha conpfcato la detta naue e mercantta en effit, 
 & fatto fciaui It martnari , como cofa molto contraria a It priuilcgij dal Gran Signor quattro 
 anni paffati concept, & da not confirmati di parte de laSeremffima Magefla d'lngilccna noflra 
 patrona, e molto contraria a la liga del detto Gran Signor,'/ quale ejfendo dal fopra detto apteno 
 informato,noiba conceduto ilfuo regale mandamento di reflitutione , la qual ' mandtamo a voflra 
 magnifica Signoria col prefente portator Edoardo Barton, noHro Secretario&WizhumcA Ee<?, EdoardoBarro 
 droguemano di fua porta excelfa, con altre lettere del excellenttffimo Viz.tr >& tnuttlijfimo capitan & M " i,n 9 1 «S 
 dimar :cbiedendo t tanto di parte delGian Signor, quanto difua Sereniffima Magefla di V. S. 
 JH.cbe git huomini z ogli] , naue col fornimento,danari,& tuttt altri beni quale onqmjia lei cp-per 
 veflro ordtne da gli nofiri tolti fiano refiaqueflo mto Secretario liberamente fenz.aempacho alcu. 
 no, como i/Gran Signor da fua gratia not ba conceduto,jpecialmente per effer dettt oglij compra- 
 li per ordine dt fua Sereniffima Magefla, per proui/ione della Cor te fua, II qual nonfacendo, prote~ 
 fliamo per quefla nofira alincontra di ejfo tutti futuri danni che pliono fuccedere per quettaca~ 
 gione, como autbore dt quelli, contrario a la Santa Itgagiurata de h duot Rei, patroni noflri,como 
 per liprtuilegij ,cbe Icimoftrera il noUro, confla:per obferuatione de gli quih noi fliamo difermo 
 en quefla excelfa Torta. Et cofirefponderete nel altromondoal folo Iddio^qua alGran Signor 
 queflo majfimo peccato commeffoda lei al incontra dt tantt poueraccht,cheper quefla cruddta fono 
 in parte morti, in parte retenuti daeffo cndurocattiuerio. ss4l contrario, piacendo/ei eu/tar queflo 
 incommodo & reflarcene en gratia del Signor Iddio,& li nofiri patroni ,amicbeHolr,,ente , (como 
 conuien apar voftro dt mofirarfl prudente gouernatore$- fidel/eruttor aloatrono)a.&impirete quefla 
 noftragiufltffimadomanda,per poter reftdtarui a grand honor e& commodo per la tratta di mar. 
 chanttajche farpnnaa laduenire li noflrt in quella voflra prouincia. hi qttah generalmente ,tanto 
 quelli "fiomb tuttialtri chenelmar rifcontrarete , fiano , fecondo che manda tl Grand Signor, de vo- 
 flra Signoria magnifica amtcheuolmente recoltt & receuuti : St not non maj^charemo al debtto 
 di ott'tmoamico en qualconcbe occurrenxA voflra, piacendo lei amtcitia nofira, como dejiderawo, II 
 
 R Signor 
 
ip± TheEnolifti Vo'yages,Nauigations, M.Harb.letter. 
 
 Stinor Iddto let conceda (adtmpiendo quefta nojtra gmfta recbtefta,per cauar not di fwfttiwafati. 
 ca in qnetto negocio,dr lei dt dtfgratia) ogni verafeltcita,&fnfremo bonore, Datatn fulaix oho- 
 ftro cbefu da •Jtapamttt apprejjo Pera dt if.dt Genero ifSf. 
 
 11 Ambafllatoredela Majefta Serenifllma d'IngiIterra,amico 
 devoltraSignorianiagnifica,piacendolei. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 R3Igl)t honourable £ojd, it Ijatb bcnefignificD bnto bs bp sitters Icttcre.to^ac [jatfj fallen out, 
 concerning a cercainefhtppe of ours, callcDtljelelus, into Uiljid), fo? iljc bclpe of Richard 
 Skegs,one of our Cparcbants in the fame, notoe oeceafeD, there toas aomttteD a certatne French- 
 man calleti Romaine Sonnings,U)ljicl) fo? his ill bebauiour, accojoing to bis Defects, fetfeing to 
 carpatoap totth him another Frenchman,tobtch teas inoeuteti to certame of pourpcople,toitbout 
 papinrj;bts creDttour3,toas Ijangeo bp fentenceofiuflice.togctber toith Andrew Dier,tlje Scatter 
 of tlje faio fl)tp,lnbo Cniplp ano toitljout frauDe,gttting creDtte to ttje fain Frenchman,uittl;out anp 
 fenotoleoge of bis ettil fact,oio not returnc toljen bee toas commaunDeD,bp pour Ijonourable to;o» 
 (hip, ^be Death of tbefaioletoue Frenchman toe apyjooueasatbinjtocllDone, but contrarp' 
 toifc,tobereas pour LopCbip hath confifcateD the faio fh;p toith the 50000 themn,ano hatljmacc 
 flaues of the partners, as a thing altogether contrarp to the pHUtlcgcsofthcGrand Signior, 
 granteD fottre peercs ftnee, anD confirmeo bp bs on tlje bebalfc of the mofl ercellent tlje SCUteenes 
 ST^aieflie of England our sppflreffe, am> altogether contrarp to the ieapc of tijefaiDe Grand 
 Signior.teh: being fullp tnfoimcD of the afo?efato caufe,hat(j granteo bnto bs ht's ropnll commas 
 Dement of rctttttitiou, loljiclj \nc fenB Ditto pour honourable iojDlrj'p, bp the pjefent beaver Ed- 
 ward Barton our §>ccretarte, anD Mahomet Beg, one of the 3|utt ices of bisflatelp Court, toith 
 other letters of the mofl trcellcnt 9omiraIl, anD mofl baliant Cnptaittc of ttjc <§>f a, requiring 
 pour honourable Lo?o(bip, astoell on the bebalfe of tlje Grand Signior , asoftijcilUtccncsmott 
 ercellent STNeStc mp S^pSrcfle.thnt tlje men,opIeB,(bippe/ttrmture,monep,anD all other gooos 
 luhatfonter.bp pour loiofl)tp,anD pour ofoertahen from our menjbcreCo^eD bnto tbis nip ^e* 
 cretarp frecIp,untbottt Delap.as the Grand Signior of his gooDncffe hath graunteD bnto bs,efpe= 
 ctallpin regaro tljat tlje fame oplcs toere bought bp the commaunDcment of our £lueenes mod 
 ercellent S^aicdie, fo? the pjouifiou of her Court. SBbicb if pou perfoimc not, tocepjoteff bp 
 thefe our IctersagainQ pou, that pou are the caufe of all the intonuentences tohicb map enfue 
 npon tijis occafion, as the atttbottc thereof, contrarp to the holp league ftoope bp boclj our IP jin* 
 ces.asbp the piiuileges.lnbich this our feruantvutll (hetoepou, mapappcare, #o?tbefteingof 
 tobtclj league perfonneD , toee remaine here as ligier in this ftatelp Court, Sno bp this meanest 
 pott iball anfmere in another toojtlo bnto (Sod alone, anD in tljts too?lD bnto tljeGrand Sigmor, 
 fo j tljts haiuous finite committeD bppott againft fo matip pco?e fottles, toljtclj b^ tins pour crttcltp 
 are in part Dcao,anD in part octaineo bp pott in mofl mtfetable captiuttie, Contrarptoifc,if it (ball 
 pleafe pott to attopo this mifchtcfe,anD to remaine in thefauour 1 aimtghtp (Soi.anD of our pn'n« 
 ces,pott (hall frienD.'p fulfill this our tuff DtmatuiD(as it bebourth pou to fljeb) pour fdfe a pmoent 
 ©otternottr,anD faithful! fetuant bnto pour to?D) anD the fame map turnc to pour great honour, 
 anD p j ofite, bp the traDc of marcljanoi je, nilu'ch our men in time to come,map bfe in that gouem* 
 mntt of pours : tohtdj generallp, as boell tljofe p:o?e men, as all othcrs,U)htch pou (ball mcete at 
 the fea, ought to be acco^Ding to the commaiiDtmcnt of tlje Grand Signior, fricnolp entertainco 
 anD receiueo of pour honourable LojDlbtp,anD toe tutU not fatlc in t!;cDttf ties of a fpeciall frietiD, 
 tohenfoetter pou (l)al batte occafion tobfeb3,as toe Dcfire, 3!nughtp <Sod grant totto petit 1ojd« 
 fl)tp(inthe fttlfilltng of this our iufl reqttefl, toherebp toee map be oeliuerco from further trouble 
 in this mattcr,anDpourfelfe from fuctherDifpleafttrc)alI true felicitte.anD tnrrcafe of honour, 
 ©iuen in our pallace from Rapamac in Pera,tije 1 5 .of Januarie 1 5 85, 
 
 The v oyage of Mafter Henry Auttetthy Venice and thence to %agu- 
 fa ouer land,andfo toConflantinofle: and from thence by MoUauia,Pobnu t 
 
 Sdefia and Cjermanie to H^wbu r g,&c. 
 
 Ipe o.of junetocfooRe (hipping at HarewichanD the nerc Dap Ianceo at tlje Ra- 
 mekins in the Jfie of Walcheren toith herp (lojmp toeathcr,ano that nigljt toent 
 to Middleburch in the fame 3ifianD, 
 
 'E.hettoclft toe tooRefliippingfoiHolIand.anD the 1 j.toelanDeo at Schiedam: 
 anDtljc fame Dap toentto Delft bpboat,anD fotbatntgbcto the Hage. 
 •She 1 7.toetO0Re (lu'ppingat Amlterdam.anothe 1 8,toclattDeDat Enckhuyfen. 
 
 'C.ljc 19, toe toofce (hipping anD bp the Zuyderfee toe palfea tljat Dap tlje Vhe, ana fo into the 
 
 roarne 
 
- i i i, n mmm mm i— — -— -^^— mmw mmmm — — » . • - 
 
 M.Hen.Auftell* Traffiques andDifcoueries. 195 
 
 mainefea; Sno tbenectDaptoe entree into the nuer of Hamburg calico the Elbe. 
 
 Clje 2i,toe came to anker inthe fame rttier before a totone of the bifhop of Brcme calico Sta- 
 den,toljeretbep pap a certaine toll, ano fpeciallp fojtoinc,ano To that night toee lanDco at Ham- Hamburg. 
 burg,tohere toe flapoe thjee oapes, 
 
 Cbe 24,toee DeparteD from Hamburg in the companp of Ed ward Parifh Sparcbaut, ano chat 
 nap toee baiteo at Wyncfon, ano fo ouer the heathejs me left Lunenburg on the left bano, ano tra= 
 uaileo all tljat nigbt. 
 
 Che 25, toemettoith Chaffer Sanders bpontljchcatljejSjanDpaffcnbpatoujneof ti;e Duke of 
 Lunenborg calleo Geffheme, ano from thence through manp toaters, toee lap that night toitljtu 
 an ffingltfb mileof Brunfwig. Brunt-wig. 
 
 Che a 7,toe lap at Halberftat,tobicb is a great totone fubiect to the bifljop of that totone. Hjibniut. 
 
 Che 28, toe batteo at Erinfleiben : ano there toee entree into the Duke of S axon his countrep: Baubcn. 
 ano the fame night toe lap at a totone calico Eiflcbcn, inhere Martine Luther toas borne. 
 
 Che 2o.toepaff£0bpMansfield,tohcrc there ate manp Copper mtnestauofo that nigljttocnt l°? pcc 
 to Neuburg bpon the riuer ofSab; ano at that time there toas a great fatre. 
 
 Che 3 o. toe batteo at a proper totone calico Iena bpon the fame riuer , ano the fame night toee Un> - 
 lap at Cone upon that riuer. 
 
 Che6cffof3!uIp toebaiteoatSalfeld : ano the fame Dap toe entreo ficfr into the great toooos ©rcatiuooo 
 of fitre trees,ano tljat night to Greuandal; Cbefccono tooinner to Neuftar. ot 6 " c ""*• 
 
 Che 3 1 oap to Dinner at Bamberg : ano before toee came to tlje totone toee patTeD the tiuec of B. m b CTg , 
 Mayne tljat runneth totoaros Arnfurc,ano that night to Forchaim. 
 
 Che 4»toe came to Nurenberg,ano there ttapcottoODapes. Clje<5,tobeD toBiayfield. Nuremberg, 
 
 Cbe 7.VBC paffeotoitljout Weiffenburg to Dinner at Monhaim,anD that night toe paflco the ri« 
 V MCrofDanubiusatTonewertd.anofotO beD to Nurendofi 
 
 Che 8,toe came to Augfpurg,othettoite calico Augufta,upon tlje riuet of Lech. Augrpntg. 
 
 Che p. toe lap at Landsberg upon tlje faio riuer, in the Duke of Bauars countrep. 
 
 Che 1 o.to Dinner at Suanego , ano that mgljt to Hamber againtr tlje mountaines, tohere the 
 Cmall topes be maoc. 
 
 Che 1 i.tooinner to Parcberk„j that nigljt to Sefeltintbearchouke of Aufiria his countrep. 
 
 Che 1 2,to Dinner at Infpruck, rj that night to beo at Landeck, tohcretljere is a toll, ano it is 
 the place tobete Charles tlje ftft anp his brother Ferdinand did meet.ano there is a table of bjafte 
 toitii latine iettersin memojie thereof. 
 
 Clje 1 j.toepaffeo bp S cizen,ano DineD at Prifena.ano fo tljat night to Clufen, 
 
 Che 1 4,t Dinner at Bolfan anb to beo at Ncumark, ano bp tye toap toe pafTeo the Dangerous - 
 plaee.tohere fo manp murchers baue bene committee. 
 
 Che 1 j.tooinner at Trent :Cbat cap toe entreo the borers of Italy,that nigbt to Lenigo, f^^ ns 
 
 Che 1 <5,toDimiernt Grigno .tohcre thelaQ toll of the Cmperourisrano fo toe came bp Chur- 
 fa.tohich is a fttcight paffagc. 3no the keeper thereof is ojatone Dp bp a top into bis holoc, Snn 
 that nigbt toe toent to Capa,na to beo in tlje countrep of tlje Venetians. 
 
 Che 1 7.C0 Dinner at cattle Franco: bp the toap toe ttapeo at Taruifo,ano there tooke cocfoanu 
 that night came to Meftrc to beo. 
 
 Che 1 8,in the moaning toe came to Venice , ano there toe ffapeo 1 j.oapes.jn tobiclj time the v«wcj 
 •uke of Venice calico Nicolas de Ponte oicD, ano toe fato his burial. Che g>enato }s toere contfc 
 ttuallp ftjut optogetber, as the maner is, to cbufe a netoe ouke, tohich toas notpet cbofen tohen 
 toe ocparteo from thence. 
 
 Clje 2.of 3ugu ft at night toee did embarke our felues bpon the Frigate of Caccaro , an bauen 
 neer e Ragufa. Clje 5 .toe came to a totone in iftri a calico Citca noua. 
 
 Cbf 4*toe came toParenzo,anofo tljatnigbttoForceraof tbebifbop. 
 
 Cbe y«toepaueobpRouigno: ai»oaiitIebcponDtoemettoith 3.©alies of the Venetians: toe 
 paBeoin the fight ofPola • anotbefame Dap pafTeo tlje gulfe tljat partetblflriaftom Dalmatian 
 
 Che <5.of3ugufftoe came toZara in Dalmatia, a flrongtOtone Of the Venetians; ano fotbat 
 night to Sebemco, tobichfianDctljinamarueilotts gooolpljaucn,tottlj afirongcattleattbeen-- 
 triethereof, 
 
 Cbe 7. toe came to Lezina,ano toent not on ftjoo ?e,buttraueiIeo all nigbt. 
 
 Che B.toe paueo bp a oerp toel feaceo toton calico Curzola, tohich (tanoetb in an idano of that 
 name. Chep,tnthemo?ningbettmestoelanDeDatRagufa,anDtberefiapcDtb?eeDaies,tohere «»£«*• 
 tee founo manp frienolp gentlemen. 
 
 Che 1 i.beingpjouioeo of alanizarie toe ocparteo from Ragufain the companp of halfea dcp 
 fen3^arcljanti5ofthattotone:anDtot^in6 t milestoe entreo into the countrep of Seruia. <g>o sa»i», 
 .- . R 2 tttttanntg 
 
■ , , , ~ - .■---- -- . — a ^ MMaai ■- aMM—ap i-i____ - 
 
 196 The EnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, Hen.rfuHell, 
 
 Chiemifi. 
 
 j5l,*Fochi*. 
 
 Nouibnat. 
 
 S|,Nil?a 
 
 Sophia. 
 
 Philippopoli, 
 Andrinopolu. 
 
 SililKfi. 
 Conflantinoett. 
 
 Pomptyt ptller, 
 
 Proun. 
 Varna. 
 
 S>i,Mioldlniii. 
 PalfinUpontlJf 
 rtuttofPiuc. 
 YaJ, 
 
 SotMicn. 
 
 Sfytftn- uriiur 
 Cttijcnen. 
 
 trauetling in barren ano craggte mountaincs fo? the fpace of foure napes, toee came bp a fmall 
 Connie of tbe Turkes calico Chiernifa , being the 1 4 .of tbe mnneth j ano there toee partco from 
 tbeS^arrfjautB. 
 
 Che 1 6, toe nineo in a Cauarfara in a Conine ealleo Focea, being then gmtlp infect en tottrj 
 the plague. 
 
 Cbe 1 7. toe lap bp a Cotone calleo Taflizca. 
 
 Cl)e 20. toe came to Nouibazar. 
 
 Che 2 1 .toe patteofro tbence.trauaf ling Oil ht a countrep berp ill inbabtteotf Iping in f Heft*, 
 
 Clje 2 2.toe pafleD tottbin fight of Nicca. 
 
 Cbe 1 3 ,toe paffeo in figrjt of another totone calleo Circui : aun about tbofe placed toee began 
 to Ieaue tlje mounta mes , ano to enter into a berp f aire ano fertile countrep, but as cmli inhabited 
 as the other, o?too?fe. 
 
 Cbe 2 7,toe came to Sophia, tofjere toee ffapen tbjee naves, being our Ianizaries borne: ami bp 
 goon chance toe lap in aSJDarcbants boufe of Raguia,tbat camein companp toitb us from Noui- 
 bazar ; ano alfo toee Ijao in companp, mer Gnce toee came from Focea, a Turke toljicb toas a berp 
 gooo felloto.ano be kept companp tottb to? till toe camebrrp neere Gonflahtirioplc. 
 
 Che flrfiof September toe came to Philippopoli , tobicrj fecmctb to be an ancient totone, ano 
 flanoctb bpon tbe ritter of Stanuch. 
 
 Cbe 4,toe came to Andrinopoli,aberp great ano ancient totone,tobicb ttannetb tn abcrp large 
 ano champion countrep 3 ano trjere the great Turks mother notblpe.being a place, tuyere tbe Cm* 
 ycro(!0 of tbe Turkes toeretoont to Ipeberpmueb. 
 
 Cbe 5.toelapin one of tbe great Cauarzaras, that toerebuiltbp Mahomet Baflha toitr) fo 
 
 maup gooDip commodities, 
 
 Che 6.toe lap in another of them,, 
 
 Clje 8.toe came to Siliueri,tobtcb bp repo?t tow tbe lad totone that remamen Chriftian. 
 
 Cbe p.of September toeearriueo at tije great ano moll ffatelp Cttie ofConftaminopIe, 
 torjicb foj trjc fituation ano piouoefeate thereof, fo? tbe beau t if nil ano commooiou3bauens,ams 
 fo? tbe great ano fumptuous builoingS of tfrett Cemples, tobicb tbep call Mofchea, 19 to be pie* 
 ferreo befo?c all tlje Cities of Europe. 3no tbere tbe Cmperour of the Turkes tben liuing,tobofe 
 name toas Amura^ReptbisCottrtanoreGoence.inamaruerlousgooolp place, toitb niuers gar* 
 Bens ano boufes of pleafurc, tobicb is at tbeleatt ttoo Cngltfb miles in compaue, anntbe tb?ee 
 parts thereof iopne bpon tbe Tea: ano ontbej3o?thcalr part of theCitfe on die other (ice of the 
 toater ouer againfl the Citie is tbe Cotone of Pera, tobere tbe mofl part of trje Chriftians do Ipe, 
 9no tberealfo toee oio Ipe. 9no on tbe3r3o?tb part of tbefaioe Cotone- is tbe Arfenal, tobere trje 
 ©altcs are built ano soe rcmaine: 9nu on tbe &outbfioe is all the ©loinance.artilerie.ann boufej* 
 of munition. fl3ote t^ac bp tbe toap as toee came from Ragufa to OonftaminopIc,toee left on 
 our rigbt banc the Countreps of Albania,flnoMacedonia,anDonthelefc uanoetrjecounttepsof 
 Bofnia,Bulgaria,anDthetiuerofDanubius. 
 
 3tbe 1 4. of September toas tbeTurkes Beyram, tr)atis,one of tbeir cbiefettfealteg. 
 
 ^tbe 1 j.toetocnt to tbe blacfeei&ea calleo PontusEuxinus, arts there bponaroefcetoefatoe 
 aptllcr of ttbite garble tbat toas fet bp bp Pompcius : ano from tbence toee patten to tbeotbec 
 fine of tbe toater, bpon the fi)o?e of Afia ano there toe ntnen» 
 
 Hbe * j . b>e oeparteofrom Conftantinople. 
 
 %\fi 29. toe came to an ancient totone calleo Cherchifea , tbat is to tap, fourtie Crjurcfoes, 
 tobicrj in tbe olne time toas aberp great Ct'tpjnoto full of fcattcren builnings, 
 
 ^tlje n» of October toee came to Prouaz , one napes ioucnep oittant from Vama bpon the 
 BlackeSea. 
 
 Cbe 9» toe came to Saxi bpon tbe riuet of Danubius, 
 
 ^bcio.toepaffeotbefatoriutrtobicb in tbat place is aboutamfleouet,ann tben toe entrenta* 
 to tbe countrep of *Bogdania: tbep are Chriftians but fubiects to tbe Turke. 
 
 ^tbe 1 2*toe tame to Palfinbpon tbe riuer Prut. 
 
 ■Ebe M'toee came to Yas the p?incipall fEotone of Bogdania.torjete Peter tbe Vayuoda 
 p?ince of that Countrep heepetb his refioence, of toljom toee receiueo great courtette,ano of tbe 
 gentlemen of bis Court : 3no be caufco bs to be fafe connucten tb?ougb W fai" Countrep, an* 
 cottttcpeotoitboutcoffe. 
 
 Che 1 7,toe came to Stepanitze. 
 
 Cbe 1 p.toe came to Zotfchen,tobicb is tl)e Iafl totone of Bogdaniabpon t&e riuer of Niefter, 
 that partcth the fain countrep from Podolia, 
 
 Cbe 2o.toepaflco the riuer of Nycfter arm came to Camyenetr intbe countrep of Podolia, 
 
 (nbicct 
 
Hen.AuUeU. TraffiquesandDifcouenes. 197 
 
 fubicct to tlje uing of Poland : iljis is one oftljc ilrongett ©otoneg bp nature ana Otuation cljat 
 
 tan be fecne, 
 
 Cbezi.toecametoSkala. skaU 
 
 Cbe 22,10 SIothonc,ojSIoczow. 
 
 Cbe 24. to Leopolisttirjic!) is in Ruffia alba , ano fo is trjcmoilpart of the countrep bettotrt teopoiis, oi 
 Camyenetz ano it. 3nD u is a totone berp toell built, toell gouemeD, full of trafique anD pifnti' LcUD P ur s- 
 fell: mid rrjerc toe ffapeo fine Dspes, 
 
 Clje ?o.toc batten atGrodccz, ano t!jatnifl,ljt at Vilna, v.ina e "* 
 
 Che 3 ; i.toeDineD at MoHiska,anD tbat night at Rodmena. 
 
 Cbe first of jftoucmber in the mojning before cap tore pafieo tnttljout tljeCotonc of la- **">&< 
 rofliw.tobcrctbepfapia one of tl;e grcatcit fatres in all Poland, ano cijieflp onjojfcs, aim that 
 night to Rofdnoska. 
 - Cl;e feconD to Dinner at Lanczuc.at night to Recsbou. ian«ur. 
 
 CbetljirDetoSendxizow, at night to Tamo w, ano that nigljttoeemettetoitb the palatine 
 laski. 
 
 Cbe fourth to Vonuez.anD tljat night to Brytska; 
 
 ■SChe fifth to Kuhena. e 
 
 Che 6, to Cracouia the piiitcipall Citie of all Poland : at tobicb time tbc King toas gene to Gucouia, 
 Lituania : fo? Ije doc tb make his relroence one pecte in Poland,anD tlje other in Lituania. Craco- 
 uia ftamjetbontberiucrofViftula. 
 
 Cbcp.toceDcparteD from Cracouia, ami tbat nigbttoee came toabillageljarDbpaCotone 5«aa««D»w». 
 calif Ilku(ch,to&ere the leaDe Spines are, 
 
 Cbe 1 o.toec pafleD bp a Cotone calico Slawkow : tobere tbere are alfoleaue 9pines,anDbai< 
 teutbatDapatBendziii.VDljichisthelalitotnneof Poland totoarosSilefia; anotberets atoll, EcnJxin. 
 
 jl5ote that alltbe COltntrepSOf Polaiid,Ru(Tiaalba,Podolia,Bogdania,anDt>iuerSOtbcr 
 Countrcps aaiopningbnto tljcm, Doe cenfume no other fait but fuel) as is DiggeD in Sorfiyn l^Km* 
 mountain? neere to Cracouia tobicb is as bara as anp Hone ; it is berp gooo, ano goetij fttuber Min» m 
 then anp other fait. Chat night toe lap at Bicom, tobicb is tlje flrft Catone of Silcfia. bIw" 
 
 Che 1 i.toe paffcD bp a great cotone calleo Strelitz,anQ that nigbt toe lap at Oppelen bpon the °pp*i™> 
 
 ttUerofOdera. 
 
 Cbe 1 5 ,toepa(TeD bp Schurgafle,ano that night toee lap toitbout trje totone of Brigk : fo? toee S^ 110 ' 
 couloe not bee fufferco to come tnbpreafon of tlje plague tobiclj teas intbofepatces in Diners 
 Cotoncs. 
 
 Cbe i4,toee paffes bp Olaw.ano tljat nt'gljt toee came to the Citie of Breflaw,tobiclj is a faire *«&«», 
 totouc, great, toell built ano toell feateo bpon tlje riuer of Odcra. 
 
 Cbe 1 6.BJC bat'tCD at Neumargt. 
 
 Che i7.n>fepa(TeDbpLignizc anD bpHayn.ano that m'gbttoBuntzel, 
 
 Cbe 1 8,mee palTeo bp Naumburg tbjduglj Gorhcz upon the riuer of NeiiT,anD tbat nigbt lap 
 
 tot'tbotit Reichcnbach. 
 
 Cije I9,toepatfcnbp BaudzenanDCanniiz, anD that night toRenfperg. 
 
 Che 2o,toe paueo bp Hayn,bp Streleii,\ubere toe (houto hauepalTeD tljeriuer of Elbe,but tbe 
 Iioatetoasnottbere.fo tb^t night tat lap ata totonecallcn Mulberg, 
 Che 2 i,toepau*cD the fate riuer, toee toent bp Belgem,bp Torga, bp Dumicch; anD atnfgbt 
 
 WBrctfch. 
 
 Cbe s 2,toce paffcD tr>e Elbe againe at Witccnberg.tobicb i8 a berp Crong totone,toitlj a gcoa 
 UniuctRtictanb tbat Dap toe pafleD bp Cofwigi 
 
 Cbe 13. toee patfeo through Zerbft in thcmojntng,ann ttjac night to Magdeburg, a bcrp Magdeburg; 
 Crong Cctone ,'anD tot II gouernco as toee DtD heare, . Cbe moll part of the Countrep , after 
 toee totrc come one Dapes iottrnep on tijis Cae Brcflawe to tbis place ,belongetb to tlje Duhe 
 
 CfSaxon. 
 
 Cbe 24,toee paffca h]> a caGle of tlje SgJarqttes of Brandenburg calleD Wolmer flat , anD tbat 
 
 nigbttoClapatGarkben. • 
 
 Che 2 y.tocelap at Soltwedel* 
 
 Cbe 26, at Berg. 
 
 Che 27,'nie baiteD at Lunenborg.tljat nigbttoelap at Winfon. iunenbmg, 
 
 - Cbe28.toecametoHamborg,anotberettapeDoiretoeefte. Hambstg. 
 
 Cbe y.of DecembertoeeDepartrD from Hamborg, ano pafTeD the Elbe bpboate bringmucfj 
 frofen , ano from the titter toent onfoote to Boxtchoede , being a long Dutch mile off, anD there 
 toe lap ; ano from sbence paifeD ouer iano ta Emden. 
 
 R 3 
 
198 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Tho.Forfter. 
 
 Whence baiting patfeD ttyotlgb Frifeland anO Holland, il)e2 5 + Ucing ChriUmaseaptntlje 
 ntoining toe came to Delft : tobere toee founo tbe tight honourable tlje Carle of Leiceftei toitb a 
 gooclp companp of Lo?ds, feMgbt6,gcntIcmen,anDfijulDiers. 
 
 Clje 28,atnip;l)ttoRot£rodam. 
 
 ©be 29.ro tbe Btiel,ano tbere flapco eigbtDapesfoipaflage, 
 
 IZLbefiftbofaamtarptoetoofcefljipping* 
 
 iLi)2 7, toe lanocD at Graueiend,anD fo tljat nigfjc at London toitb tl>e belpe ofalmtgljttc (Sod» 
 
 The Turkes patfeport or fafeconduft for Captaine MUell^ 
 
 and lacomo Mmuchio. 
 
 315ototI)outoIjitljartVoyuodaofBogdania 3 &Valachia,f other our offi'eerst 
 abiDingann Dtoclling ontbetoapbptobicb men commonlppatTeintoBog- 
 
 dama.nnD Valachia, tljattlje CmbaflaDoi Of England bauingttooEnglifli 
 
 gentlemen Deftrous to Depart fo? England.tbe one nameti Henry Auftel, antJ 
 
 tlje otber lacomo de Manuchio, rcquetteo our bigbnefTe letters of g>afecon* 
 
 trnct topafletljiougb our Dominions toitb oneferuantto attenDeontbem. 
 
 &aJberefo?etoccflraigbtlp charge pou ano all otber our feruantsbp tobom 
 
 tbep fljall pafle.tbat bailing recetueD tbis our commairoement , pou bauc Diligent care ano regaro 
 
 tbat tbep map bauepjouioeD fo? tbem in tbis tbeir iournep(foi tbeir monep)all fucb neceflarp pjo* 
 
 uiCon as Qjaibc neceffarp fo? tbemfelues ano tbeir bojfes, in fucb foit as tbep map bauc no caufe 
 
 bcreafter to complatne of pou* 3no if bp cbaunce tbep come Unto anp place, toljcre tbep ujal flanu 
 
 in feare either of tbeir perfonsoigooos, tbat tben pou carefullp caufe tbem to bee guaroeD toitb 
 
 pour meu,anD to be conoucceD tbjougb all fufpecteo places, toitb fufficient companp ; 35ut baue 
 
 great regarD tbat tbep conuep not out of cur countrep anp of our feruiceable ^o^Cejs* SDbep ouc 
 
 commanDcmenMnD giue creDite to tbis our &ea!e, 
 
 APafleport oftheEarle of £*/«?/&/• for Thomas Fo^er gen- 
 tleman trauailingto Constantinople. 
 
 f Obertus Conies Leiceftriar.baro dc Dcnbigh,ordinum Garterij & Sancli Mi. 
 Ichaeliseques auratus , SereniflSma: Reging Angli«ea Secretioribus confilijs, 
 j&magilter equoruro,dux&capitaneus generaliscxercituseiufdem Regia: 
 1 uiaieftatis in Belgio , & gubernator gencralis Hollandix, Zelandise, & pro- 
 > uinciarum vnitarum & aflociatarum , omnibus ad quos prarfentes licera: pet- 
 uenerint.falutem. Cum larorpraefentium Thomas FoifternobilisAnglus 
 neceflarijs decaulis hinc Confhntinopolim profeclurus fit,& inde ad nos quanta poteft celc- 
 rkatereuerfurus:pecimusab omnibus &fingulis Regibus, principibus, nobilibus,magiftra- 
 tibus,& alijs.maudenc & permitcantdi&o Thoma? cum duobus famulisliberum tranficum per 
 eorumditiones&cerricoria fine dctentione auc impedimento iniufto.&prouiderillbide ne- 
 ceflarijs iulium precium reddenti, acaliterconuenienter&humaniter tra&ari , vt occafiones 
 eiuseundi&redeundirequirent : Sicut nos Maieftates,Serenitates, Celfitudines,& domina- 
 tiones veftrat paratos inueniecis, Vt veftracibus in fimilibus cafibus gratum fimiliter faciamus. 
 Datum in caflris noftris Duisburgi, decimo die Septembris,anno 1 58o\ftylo veteii, 
 
 A defcription of the yeerely voyage or pilgrimage of the Mahu- 
 
 mitans {turkes and Moores vnto tjliecca in Arabia. 
 
 Of the Citie of Alexandria. 
 
 Lexandriatbemafl ancient citie in Africa GtuateD bp tbe feattDe contametrj 
 feuen miles in circuitc, ano is entttroncD toitb ttoo toalles one neere to tbe 0' 
 tber toitb high totoers.but tbe tonlles toitbin befarre bt'gber then tjjofe tottfj ■ 
 out,toitb a great Ditcb rouno about tbe fame: pet is not tbis Citie Derp Crong 
 lip reafon of tbe great antiquitte, being almoll balfe DcfiropeDane ruinateD. 
 Z.\iz greatnefle oftbis Citie i» fuel;, tbat if it toere of Double babitation,asic 
 is compatTeD toitb aDouble toall,it migbt be ti tielp faiD, tbat there toere ttoo 
 Alexandras one builDcDbpon auotber, becaufe bnner tlje founDations of tbe faice Citp are great 
 habitations, ano increDible buge pillets* ©rue it is, tbat this part bnDcmeatb temainttl; at f b«* 
 
 Dap 
 
< Thepilgr.to Mecca, Traffiques and Difcouenes. 199 
 
 Bap inhabitable, becaufe oft!jccojiupc aire, as alfo foj tljat bp time, toljtclj confumetlj all things, 
 itisgrcatlprttinatea. at miautuafUbefapQ.tbactljefouHDErbetEof.aBbcbjasliJo^bp in all bis 
 enterprises, fo likcimfe in buiiaing bercot'bc bio aroorke toojtljp oftjiuifcifc, naming; it after bis 
 otonename, ^t-Ijis Cittc (jatb one ocfcct,fo? it is fuktect to an emll av?c,iut)icl9 onelp p jocccnctb 
 of that bollobmrRebnoemeatb,out of the tob'clj itutetlj infinite moitture: ana that tbis 10 true ttjc 
 aprebJttljoutootb emoentlpteaiuc, tubicb is more fubtileanDljoIefmnc then that beneath. Ehe 
 maters hereof be fait, bprcafon that tlje fbilcofitfelfeisuketoife fo, 9na therefore tlje inhabit 
 tants,at fuel.) time as tbe riuec Nilus flottietb,arc accuttomea to open a great Dttcb,tljc bcat> \al)zu 
 ofertenactb into the faiariuer , ana from trjencctbepconucigbtbe fameUJitljinbalfe a mile of 
 Alexandria, ana fo confequentlp bp mcancs of conauct-pipes tbe tuatcr commetlj bnto tbe cc= 
 flernes of Alexandria, tobicb being full ferue tlje citiefrom one munoation to another. CQitbin 
 tbe citie is a Pp?amiee mentiontb of in ft)i(lo?ies, but not of great importance. (KHitrjout the 
 citie is La colonna di Pompeio, 0} tlje pillar of Pompey , being of fuel) beigbt ana tbickneffe, 
 trjatitt3fttppcfjeDtbcrcisnottrjelikeintbetorjoIetoo?iD befiocs. <&titljin tbe citie there is no* 
 thing of importance faue a litle cattle tolnclj is guaraea toitb <5o .Hani? aries. Alexandria Ijatb 
 three partes, one tomatoes Rofletto, anotber to tlje lanamara,? tbe tljtco to tbe fca toara, iDtjicb 
 is calletjBabelbar.triitbouttobicljappcaretbabroaaaianbcallebGhcfirainttjeMoores tongue, 
 tobictjis not toljolp an 3llana,bccauie aiitle point oj comet thereof toucljetb tlje firme lanoe,anD 
 therefore map be callea Peninfula , that is to fap , almofi an Jlana, hereupon are builaea manp 
 rjoufesof tbe 3IebJss,intefpectoftbe aire* ^Lljis Peninfula is fituate betmeene tuioberpgooo 
 pojts,oneof tljembeingmucbmojefafe ttjenttje otfjer, calleo The old port, into u)e toljicrj onlp 
 tlje beffds of Barbarie, anti trje fire ©allies of the ©rana Signior oeputea fo? tlje guatb of Alex- 
 andria Dae enter. &kd tip pejt ijatlj bpon tlje right Ijano at tbe motttlj j enterance thereof a ca» 
 file of fm.ill importance, ana guaraea but tnitlj fiftcenemenor thereabouts, ©n tljeotljer fine of 
 tbis llano is tbe otijer called The new port, toljiclj name ta not bnfitlp gitten unto it , fo? tbat in 
 all mens iusgemen: in times patttljererjatlj not beeneiuater there, becaufe in tbe miDfloftrjis 
 port, where the ixnccr is berp Deepe, there arc ntfcoueteo ana fottno great fcpulcbrcs ano other 
 iiuilDiiigs,out of tljcrubicb are baplpDiggea toitb enginealalpar ami Poiphyric (tones of great 
 balue , of the toljtcb great So je are fen: to Conftancinople for tlje ornament of tlje Mefquitas or 
 Turkifh temples, ana of other builoings of tbe ©rano Signior, 3!ntotbis port enter all fucb 
 beueis as traffique to tljis place, %W port batlj on ecb fine a cattle,tobereof that bpon the Penin- 
 fula is calleo Faraone.bpon tbe toppc toberecf cuerp nigljt tbereis alight fet in a great lanteme 
 for Direction of the (ljips, ana for tbe guarb thereof are appointee 200 Janizaries : tlje other on 
 the other fine is but a litle cattle kept bp 18 men, 31 1 is certain e, that this ijauen of Alexandria 
 is one of tljecljiefett battens in tbe tua^lo : for hither come to traffique people of eucrp Ration, 
 ana all forts of bezels tobicb gee rouna about the citie, 3t is more inljabitea bp Grangers , mar» 
 chants, ana Chrittians, tben bp men of tlje tountrep tobicb are but a fetoi in number. asiit&in tlje Fontecho nm , 
 cttte are fiue Fontechi, that is to fap, one of the ^frenchmen, Inhere tbe Confttl is refiocnt, gt this fir « an bonce 
 istljefairettanamottcommoniousofalltberett, ©ftbeotberfoure,ttoo belongtoctje Vene- ^^5,™ 
 tians.onetotheRagufcans.anathefourtbtotljeGenouefes. 3no all Grangers tobicb tometo 
 traffiqus tljere, erccpt tlje Venetians,arebnoer tlje jFrenctj Confull. 3lci)S alfo tobebnaerttooa, 
 tb^tall the Chrittians btoell lDitbin their Fontechi, ana euerp c«*ningat the going aotone 
 of the funne, tljep \x\)itb are appointee for that officegoe about ana ujut all tlje gates of tlje faiae 
 Fonteclii outbjara, ana the Chrittians fijut tlje fame toitbin: ana Co likebjifethep Doe on tljef ri» 
 Dap ( bJljich is the Moores ana the Turkes <§>abbotb)till tbeir Dcuotlons be erpirea. 9na bp tbi* 
 meancs all parties are fecurc ana boioe of feare: for in fo Doing tbe £brittians map lleepe quietly 
 ana not fcarc robbing, ana tbe Moores neeae not Doubt iubiles tbep lleepe or prap,tbat tbe C\)li> 
 fitans ujoula make anp tumult, as in times pat! bath happens 
 
 Of the coaft of Alexandria. 
 
 Oj9 tbe Gae totoataes Barbarie along the fea-coattfor a great fpacc tbere is founbe neither 
 bola, nor anp tljing toortbn of mention : but on tbe other fioe toaiaros Syria 1 3 miles from 
 Alexandria ttanaeth a litle cattle calico Bichier kept bp fiftie Turkes, lubicl ) cattle is berp oloe Kcb ' tt - 
 ana toeake, ana batb a port tobich in times patt mas gooo , but at this pjefent is btterlp accapea 
 ana full of fano, fo tljac the bcffels tuhich come tljitbet bare not come neere tbe ttjoare, but riae far 
 offinto the fea,JTo?tie miles further is RoiTetto,toljicb is aiitle tomnetoitljouttoalles, ana is R<xT«to, 
 fituate bpon tlje banke of Nilus tljjee miles fromthefea,attoljicb place mattp times tljepbuila 
 ft)iy3aHDotberbe(rels,forgaiietnement mbwfte appointee a saniacbey, toitljout anpotljec 
 
 gtiaro: 
 
200 The Englifh Voyages 7 'blzuiz ) SitiQns :) Tbepilgr.toAdeccd, 
 
 guaro : it is a place of traffiqtte , ano the inhabitants arc nerp rich , tut natigijtu- bailcts ana 
 traptottrs. ifttaljer oobmc along the fea-ftoe atib tljcriuer banhc is another litle cade like 
 bnto tljeabottefapDe, anobecaufe tbeMoorcsbclreuc, that Mecca mill in fi)o?t time be con-- 
 quercB bp the CbjMans^tljcpbolDe opinion, that the tame bring loft fljaUbereiuico in this 
 place of Roffctto, namelp, that all their papers , butties, ana pilgrimages fbali be tranfpo?» 
 tea to Rcffetto, as the religious o?oer of &>aitit lohn of tlje Rhodes is trauflacco tljcnce 
 to Malta, further fo?tt>arce thircie miles flanoes another cattle of fmaCI importance calico 
 Brulles.ftcptcontinuallpbpfotirtteCHrfeeSjtoljicbliatljagoobanDfefurcpojt, mfo?m.euke 
 to a beep great lake o? ponne, toherein ts taken great quanticie of fifb, ttibicljtbtp fait, ana 
 tljemarcbants of Candie ano Cyprus come tljitber to lace tlje fame , ano it is greatlpcfteemea, 
 etpectallp of tlje Candiots,ttHjo ijauing great abtmbance of ttimeatmcnture abjoae to freke 
 meatcfittefo?ttjetalfeof tbe fapD^aine* Dittant from Brulles fine ana tljirtir miles trjere is 
 anotljcr cattle like bnto the abouefapo kept bp an Aga bjitb fourtie men o? thereabout, S$)o?e 
 toitrjmtbclanae bp tlje riacrs Cue is Damiata an nuncteut citiecnuironeDttiitljUialles rontap* 
 ninjfiuemiies in circuit, anb but of fmall flrengtb. jfo?tbegott£rncmintof ttjis place is a 
 Sanjacottutb alibis Ijoutbolaeana no other companie. 'stfcts citie ts berp large, teligbtfttll, 
 anb plcafant, abounbing ttiitb garoens anb faire fountames . SDtfcer fo?tie miles furtljt r is Lat- 
 ma, a entile of berp fmall importance, ami kept as ether ttitb fo?tie ®utkes bnneranAga, 3m 
 this place ts no po?t , but a roaoeberpbaungecous ,ana ttmljout other habitation, palling th:0 
 place me enter ludga, TButbecaufe our intent is to reafon llmplpof tlje bopage to Mecca, toie 
 mill p?oceeoe no further ttjis map, but returning to ourfirft map, let it fuffice to ftp, that 
 from Alexandria to Cairo are ttuo bunbjeD miles, in tobich iuav 3] finne nothing baoojthic 
 ofmemojie. 
 
 Ofthemightie Ciricof Cairo. 
 
 CAiro contained in circuit cigljteene miles, being fo tmjabitett anb feplemfljeo toritfj pro* 
 pie , th*t almoft it cannot recetue mo?e; ano therefore tljep baue legunne to builoe nettie 
 Ijoufes Uiit'.jOttt tlje citie ana about tlje boalles. Jn Cairo are people of ail jfratt'ons , as ChrL 
 
 flians, Armenians , Abcxins,TurkeS, Moores, Iewes , Indians, Medians, Perfians, Ara- 
 bians, anb other fi^tes of people, tob'.r!jrc(b?t thither bp reafon of tlje great traffiqtte. %W 
 cttie is gouernca bp a Bafha, inljiclj miniftrctlj iuflice, tegetber tenth the Cadie throughout 
 the toljote kingbomc, aifottjcrc arc tUioan6tmenticSaniackjs,iuIjcfe office is onclpto cues* 
 fee ana guarbethe ktngoome fo? eucrp gooo refpect . %\)tn are alfo fcuen tbouftna dirke? 
 in pap , to tent, thjee trjoufanb Slanijaries , ano foure tfjoufano bo?femen j %,%t reft of ti,e pen* 
 pie in Cairo are fo? tbe moft part marcbanrs tobttb goe ana come , anb tlje renmant arc Moores 
 ano otljcrbafe people* about two miles from Cairo there is another little Cairo calteo The 
 olde Cairo , teibicb containettj in circuit litle mo?e tljen tenne miles , ana the better balfe is not 
 inljabitea, but Btftrcpca, mbcreof 31 neece not make anp otber mention. ?£be mtu Caii o anftee« 
 retbeuerppcece in tribute to tlje granaSignior, 6oocoooucatesofgoloe,neat anb free of all 
 charges growing on trjefame.mbiclj moncpisfenttoConftantinople,about tljerlncofi^ep* 
 tember, bp tlje ttiap of Alepp*,altoapes bp lance, bnaer the cutlobie of thieel)uno,!eorjo?fcmcn, 
 anb tb3oljunb?eo iam^arics footmen. •Elje citie of Cairo is abo^neo toith manp faire Mefquitas 
 rich, great, ana of gooblp ana gorgeous builbing , among Uiljich are fiue p^incipnll. Che firft & 
 calteb Morartano.tljat is to fap , She hofpitall, toljtch hath of Witt fiue tjuno jcd aurats of golae 
 cuctp Bap left bnto it bp a king of Damaico from auncicnt times ; tobtrb kingljauing conqtterea 
 Cairo, fo? the fpacc of fiue oapes conttnualtp put the people thereof to the ftooja , ano in the ena 
 repenting hint of fo great manslaughter, caufea this crueltp to ceafe, anb toobtaine rcmiflion fo? 
 his finne committer, caufeo this (jofpttall to be built, enriching it as is about ft to. Che fecona ft- 
 mous monument of Cairo is calico Neffila, of one Neffifa burieo trjere, baljo toagf a Dame of ho= 
 nour, ana mooucobp Iuft.peelBCDhfr boop botuntarilp mithotit rctoaroe, ro anp thatre» 
 qutreo the fame, ano fapbeajebcGotoro this almes fo? the loue other lp?opbct Mahomec, ann 
 therefore at this oap tljep abo?e ber, reurrence her , ano finallp haue canonijeb her fo? a feaint, 
 affirming that fbecoiomaitp miracles. Cljc tbtrois callcb Zauia dclla Innachari.toho teas one 
 off be foure Dortois in the lab). %l)t fourth is calico Imamfciafij , bjbere is burteo Sciafij the 
 fecoua Docro?of tijtslato. ffif the other tbooDoctojs oneisbtirieoinDamafco, ttjeotrjerin 
 . Aleppo. ■ShefifttlaflftmottsmonumcntisGiamalazar > thatis,thehoufeoiLazarns:anotbiS! 
 j oo, iathegcnerali Qmuerfitpof tbctoboiekmgomeof Egypt. 3!n thtspiare Anuo 1 5 6 6 m ib« 
 monetfj of 31anttatp bp miffbjtune of fiie tuete burruo nincthoufar,a bookes of great balue, 
 
The pilgr. to Mecca. Traifiques and Difcouenes. 201 
 
 asujcUfojtljdt tbep were to?itteu lip hano, asaitb tojougbt lu richly uuthgottie, ctjac cijeptotre 
 too jtlj 3 00 ano 400 Ducat* a piece, oue toiclj another, ano becaufe it coulD nctter be knoiuen pet 
 bote tljis fire beganne, tljep baue aim Doe IjoIdc t!je Tatttc foj a mofl Knitter aug uric ,am> an cut' 
 Dent anDmanifcu* fipe of tljcir Utter mine. "©beboufes of Cairo ujitbout areuerp faire, $ tottfa* 
 tntbe greater number rtcIjIpaDojncDtottljljansmsBtojoug^ttoi^ goltie. (Euerp perbn toljicb 
 refojtetlj to djis place fo j traff:que0 fake, is bouno to p^ ^alfe a Duckat , crccpt tlje gentlemen 
 
 Venetians, Siotes.atlD Rhagufcans , becaufe the? arc tttbUtarW to the ©ranD Signior. Cairo IS a-|, ct , f rcrtrri 
 
 affiant from the rtuer N ilus a mile ano moje, being fituate on a $U ae> [ me t ^ At on t | je ane g 0e ^ „ i c»m>: ' 
 Ijatb a faire little bill, on the toppe tobereof ttanas a faire cattle, but x ' t flrong, foj tbat it map be 
 battcreo on cuerpfice, but berp rich $large , compaffeo about toitb fa re garoens into the toijicfj 
 tbep conucigb mater foj tbeir necefluie out of Nilus.tuitb certaine toheei> g pother like engines, 
 •£bis magnificent citieis atomee toitb aerp fruitfull garDens both pl£ab H t a mi Corai , 10 J l ; 0ua ,> 
 toitfj great plcntp of ponocs to toater the fame. j9ottotthttanoing the greab,i ea f Ureg of Cairo' 
 are in the nionettj of auguft, tohenbpmeanesof tlje ffreac raine in Ethiopia tfoiutt Nilus otter* 
 flotoerba?tDtoaterctljalltl3ecountrfp,anDtl)entl)epoyentl)emoutljofa great Bt C (, tobicb er« 
 
 ttnDetl)mtotberiucr,anDpau"etbtfeougbtbemtDCoftbecitie,anDentringtl)ere<r£tnnumera< 
 ale barkes ratoing too ano fro laoen toitb gallant girles ano beautifull Barnes, tabid umij fmp> 
 ing, eating, thinking ano feaftmg,take tljcir Colace. 1Ehe toometi of tbis countrep are nofi beau* 
 ttfull. anflgocin ricb attire bcDec(teDtoitl;go(D,p?ctiou3fioneB,anDietocl8of great ba^e but 
 chiefelp perfumea toitb ooours, ano are bcrp libidinous, ano the men Iikctoife^ut fouleanojaro 
 faoourca. %\)Z foiie is acrp fertile auD abunaant.tbc fleuj fat tobiclj tbep fell ttiitbuit boncs,iheir 
 canales tbep make of the marotoe of cattell, becaufe tlje Moores eate the tallcto. tye p ufc' alfo 
 certaine title furnaces matie of purpofc,bnarr the tohtclj tbep make fire, putting into t^e furnace 
 foureojfiuebunDjteo egg 'est, ano the faiD fire tbep noutifljbplitleanDlitle, bntill tlje thickens be 
 
 ^'atcbeD, tob:ch after tljep be hat cheo, ano become fometobat bigger, thep feU tbem bpmeffttre fo 
 fucb fo?t, as toe fell ano meafure n uts ana cfacflnuts ana fucb like. 
 
 
 Of certaine notable monuments without the citie ofQiiro. 
 
 W3!tbont tbe Citt'e, fire miles btgber into the lana , are to be feene neere bnto the rhiet 
 aiuerfe piramiacs , among tuljiclj are th?ee marueilous great, sud acrp arttficiallp 
 tojougbt. ©utofoneoftbefeareaaplpaiggcatbeboDiesof auncientmen, not rotten but all 
 tobole, tlje caufe tobereof is tbe qualitie of the Cgpytian foile, toljicb toill not confume the Sett) 
 of man, but ratber o jp ana baroen tbe fame, ano fo altoapesconferuetl) it. 9na tjjefe aeaabooies 
 are tlje 9£ummie toljicb the Ip^iOttariB ana apotbecaries aoe agatnff our toilles make as to ftoal- 
 loto, 9lfobpatggtngintb2fePp?amt9esoftentimesare founa certaine 3aoles oj images of 
 
 goIoe,filuet,anaotbermettall,bucanaertbeotljerptraniiDes tbe holies are not takenapfotoljole 
 as (ntb:s,buttbereare founalegges ana armes comparable to tbe limmes of giants, j0eareca 
 tljefe piramioes appearetb out of tbe fana a great beao of Hone fometoljat like marble, toljicb fa 
 -HifcoucreD fo farre as the nccke topnetb toitlj the Qjouloers, being all tobole , fauing tljat it toan< 
 Jetbalittjettopeof tbenofe, 'Sheneckeof etjis beao contapnetbiti circuit about Gjte ano tbirtp 
 foot, fo that it map be acco^Ding to tlje necke confioerea, tohat greatnefle tbe Ijeaa is of, Qfo 
 rfuer Nilus is a mile bjoaa, toijerein are uerp manp great CroccoDiles from Cairo bptoara, but 
 Iotoer then Cairo palTeth no fuclj creature: ana tbis, tbep fap, in bpreafon of an incbantment 
 maaelonpjfincc toljicb binaeretljtbeirpairage fo? contmtug anp lotoer then Cairo, ^o^eeuec 
 of tljefe creatures there are fometimes founa fome of an tncreDibte bigneffe , tbat is to fap , of 
 (burtie foot about , females haue tljeir members like to a man, ana the females like to a 
 tooman, ^(jtle monffirteoftetftimes iffue out of the toater to feeoe, ana finoing anp fmall 
 beaOs , as fijeepe, lambes, gdates, 0} ocljcr like, aoe great Ijatme , 9no tobtles tbep are foo#b 
 of tbe toater , if tbep bappett at liptoares bpon anp man, tooman 0? cbitoe, tobom tljep can c« 
 nercome , tbep fpare not tbeir liues. 3!n tbe peere of our tojae one thoufana fitte bunajeD ana 
 'nrtieitbappeiico, tbatcertatnepoo?e(£b?ifiians trauelliugbp Cairo totoaraestlje countrep of 
 Prctc lamii to refcue certaine flaues.toercpioeabp a Chaus, ana iournepeoalongfl tbe aanke 
 of tbe faia riuer, 'QLift Chaus rcmainea lingering alone bebmoe to make bis p?apers (as tbeir 
 cufiome is) at a place caileo Tana , tobom being bufie in bis Double oeuotton one of thefeCroco^ 
 ailes cea^ea bp tbe fljoulaers, ana Djcto bim bnnec toater, fo tbat be toas neuer after feene, , 9"ud 
 foj ttjis caufe tbep bauemaoe in funa?p places certaine bcages as bankestoithin tbe toacer s 
 To tljat bettoirt tlje beoge ana banke of tbe riuer there rcmainetb fo much toater, that tbe toomea 
 toatbing map take toater toitbaut aanger at tbeir pleafure, ©Ijw countrep is fo fruitfull ,tbat 
 
2oz The Engli(hVoyages,Nauigations > T/'^/^r.^A/^c^. 
 
 tccaufetbc.be teamen aoalfo ocfcr creatures to tying foo^ti) one,ttoo, anb oft-times tt»?ee at a 
 birth, tfiue miles foutbtearae of Cairo is a place calleoMatarea, inhere tbebaltneis refineo: 
 ano therefore fome mat ft?, gat the trees Wfcidj ieace the balme grotoe in the faio place,njhere-- 
 in thep are Deceits : fo? the fa^'&c trees grotoe tfcio oapes iournep from Mecca , in a place 
 calleo Bedrihonc , Djhisb peeloctij balme in great pto^ , b« faluage, toiloe, ano toitbout ber« 
 rue, ano therefore the Moo.es caq>i»i;fheftme W-Ar-X<itecl>ttos from Bediihone » Mata- 
 rea, inhere the trees being rcpwtt6(be\£ bpbertwcf ifct /teethe boater, aire, ojanpo* 
 ther thing ttbatJbeuer) it DincetJj tbathere tfc? fr-ret'-e^ruc balme ano Iicour fo mucb in 
 tbefe napes ttteemeo of, 5* this place of Mar. met there an crrtcn: litt/ehoufes, boitb moll 
 gooclp c 'cDens ,ann a rW c ' 1 of anttquttj? , tofeecc tb. ; &v\* MoorcstljeniCrtucsaffirnictbac 
 the moiber of tbe W& ^ b ?tC fleeing front the gaeg 9t tott^e i Herode tfae faueo Ijec felfe 
 toitbtbecb:loe,tob*efat(jatfapmg of t&eipjophec toai fuVSIlw, Ey. KJgypco vocaui filium 
 meum. Cbetob^SiappeHm the '' eare ofourfcopatrcecbaufanofiiiebunoje* anofoure,the 
 Magni'fico Dar el Barbara firfl Confull ofctjat place tcenc co siufi % ano canfeo it to be r enueD 
 ano rttoifleo • #& w $& oapes tbere refo jttbtthec manp Cr^.iflifnjs, tuba oftentimes tying 
 toitb tbcm rfe^fr' tc fapmafle there. 3lfo about an^arcqtiebuf-tbocc'c from Mat3tes isa 
 fair of cr^at &ei§&* Ifee to that at Rome, ano rao?e beautifull to yefjote \ .*2eere BWo t'.- i oloe 
 Cairo ar- pet rtocrtie Kojeboufes of great antiquitte , but noto bee; wtify B^capeo , ano tbete 
 tillUtcoaprs feruca to tope cojne fo? beboofeof tbekingoome, canceling iiUjtclj manp 
 are if opvrfem , $sz tbe fbunoer hereof teas lofeph the fonae ut lacob , fta confiocration of 
 the feucn Bear* P^res. Sllfopaffing bigberbp bv tbebankeof Nilu*-, ,rjt;eistobecfecne a 
 fapuCiti? juerttotncEboitb toater, the tobicbat fucb time 'K© Kilns ftot&ettjlpetb imoettoa* 
 tcr but loosen the *acer returneth to tbemarke , tbere jrlautelp sPveare^iJuelp paiaccs»,ani» 
 g w ' cl ««fliars,b£iagof"'ome calleo Thebes, inhere thep tap tbAjPhavao toes rsfiocnt. S£oje« 
 .9ise Thtbo. ouej . tl K Da?e8 joutnep Ijigber op are ttec great images^ f^x^ea matbl: , all tobole , ano 
 fome\9batfunfee into ti&tsetiti bsing tbuigstoonoerfun .j confer ef 3 f;j the nofe of eitbee 
 is ttto fpanr.es sva tat l:al'^Icf!.'s, atb trje*:pact Cwa tine ewe w t^e ctjjet conteinetb 
 tenw; fpannctf, t^c bodies being co]f€fpon'ui«t to fa.K rj^ss ,antj grau:n in ercellent ;)rtpoj« 
 tion , fo that tWp att tbayes ot mavueVUittjj hugtneOe, ano tb^te tr>tp call Zte toife, anij %bjt 
 DaugijtetofPharao. 
 
 Of the patriarke of Greece. 
 
 Ivt Cairo are nao^trfrtrSeg, one of trje Greekes, ano another of tbe Iacobites. €6e Greeks 
 »aftfcK&Maftai GioecIr^.^tir^aCrattttbeti-eeeoughnnB^DauBtljtrtecttepeetCG , toas « 
 berpgcci'fe.r>feolpman. "C;i?^p,*btttob»ntSoIdattGsuri of Egypt rMs^ffe**w$ 
 tbigniira»i«Au .^ng: tljtsB sao^ yatriarhebeirtj enitiea .; bj/CbcI^wes a<t^e countrrp , fot 
 none other ..a: a, b»'.t fe? ^fe gooo tooises ,ano bolp -fe 3 it |f#»»s>4 3 tay ) s^ Dctng in oil* 
 putationtoith iettKtwof ti^Hebrewes in piefenceof tfjc Sultaa , ano VTOfontngof tbei" lame 
 ano faith, it bias faerj fcntobimbpone of thefeS^ifcreRnKs : fufetfe-abelecuea intrjcfrftlj of 
 CbMrt, tane atw ejinfee this potion tobich 31 toiU giue ctjee ; ant. if thy <£by.a be ttw Meflks antt 
 truc(So9, hemiH(rap5rje)tiCliucrtheefromoaMngtr. ^o toljora tfecawncient patrtarfte an« 
 ftoeteD,t^at^*-; , .5coie««i thereupon that curfeo k-webjougbthimacuppe oftOcmoflbe* 
 ncmoiis ano oeab^popfontbat coulo be founo.tohicb the holp patriatuehauing perccittcD/aio: 
 3n the nameif t^ fatljJt, of the forme, ano of the holp ©beft : ano bauir.g fo fapoe he o?anfte ft 
 mute'w? ; S*6 ^ «ne, he toofee a ojoppe of pure boater, putting it into that oerp cup, ano gmtc it 
 bnto the kv/e .taping bnto him. 3! inthenameofmp Ch?ulbaueo?un"»sethppopion, ano there* 
 fine i\\ t^enameuf thp erpecteo ^effias ojmkethis boater of minetoithin thine otone cuppe. 
 i jBheretwonthe Iewetooke the cup out of the hano of the patriarke, anohauingo?«nkecbetoa« 
 
 *" ter,toithfn halfe anhoure lxttft afunoer. Sno the patriarke hao none other hurt, fatte that he- 
 
 became femetohat pale in Oght, ano fo remaineo euer after. Sno this miracle ( tohtctj mmtetrj 
 to be calico no IetTe ) uoas Done to t^e great commenoation of the bolp patriarke in the p jefence 
 tf adjoufantiperfons.an^ namelp oftheSoldan of Egypt i toho feeing the ocfptgbt :of i the 
 Icwcs.bnto their otene coS ano confntion compeflcotljem to make theconORct,bJhieb witbw 
 j otp engines commctb into the cattle from Nilus aboue mentioned ano this tt tnmpbant pc* 
 jriatkeiujtlong fiKWtuaisaUtte, ano in perfect |jeatth,tobic||<SoocontipHe long time. 
 
 ** " of 
 
 - 
 
 . . . .." 
 
20} 
 
 Tbepdgr.to Mecca. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 
 
 Of the preparation of the Qarouan to goe to Mecca. 
 
 A^ touching tlje Carouan toljicljgoetb to Mecca ,itis to be tinDcrftootre , tfjat tlje Mahu- 
 iTKcansobfcrttc a kinoc of lent continuing onebJbolemoone,anD bcingamoucabIcci:r£» 
 monic,U)lj:cb fomettmes faUetbljigljjfometimes louieintlje pcere calico tit tljctr tongue Ra- 
 madan, ana tbcirfeaft is calleo Bairam. During tljis time oflenc all iljcp njljic!) mtenocto goe 
 unto Mecca ccfoit Dsito Cairo , bccatifc tljat tluentie Dapes after tlje feafttfje Carouan is rea= 
 Die to Depart on tlje ttopage : ano tljitljer refojt a great multituoe of people from Afia.Gre- 
 cia, anD Bartuna to goe on tbtSbopage, foine mocttcDbpocuotion.anD fome fo^ traffiqttes 
 fake, anDfome to pafle aujaptbe time, jftotoetoithtn fcine oapes after tbe fcatf tljep tuljiclj 
 goe on dje bopage Depart out of the cttie tuio leagues bnto a place calleo Birca , toljtre tbcp 
 erpert the Captainc of tbe Carouan. ®ljts place batlja great potto caufcDbptljeinunoation 
 of Nilus, attDfomaDe,tljat tlje camels anD otljer beaflesmapDjinke tljtrein : toljcrcof, name* 
 Ip, of £5ttlcs,Camels,ano DjomcDartes there are at icattfojtie tljoufano.ano tlje perfonstobtcfj 
 foIloDje tbe Carouan cuerie pcere are about ftftic tljaufanb, feVuc mojeo^ letTe , acco?Ding to tlje 
 times, S©o?eotier euerp tljjee pecres tbep rctttie tbe Captainc of tlje Carouan, calleo in tlje 
 Arabian tongue Amanita Haggi, tljat is, tlje Captaineof tbe pilgrimes , to luhom tlje tSranu 
 Signior giuetlj euerp ooiage eigljtecne purfes, contepning eaclj of tbem fire ljunt jeo tluentie ann 
 mieDtic*itesofgolDe,anDtljffcbe foj tlje beljoofe of tlje Carouan , ann alfoto Doealmesbnto 
 tljeneeDfttllpi'grtmcs. ^Ijis Captaine,befioes otljer fertungmcntoljicljfollotoljim, Ijatljaifo 
 foiircChaufito feme Ijim, itkcuuCebe batljujitljbimfoit tlje fecttritic of tlje Carouan foure 
 IjitttsjcD fottlsicrs, to vuitjtbuo IjttnDjeD Spachi 0} bojfemen mottutcD onD?omcDarics,anD tino 
 IjunDjeD Janizaries riDing bpon Camels, Clje Chaufi anD tlje Spachi are at tlje cljarge of tlje 
 Captatirt, but tlje 3i angaries not fOj foj their p?ouiu"on is maoe them from Cairo. &,be Spa- 
 chi rotate caps 0? bonnets like to tlje 'caps of Sergeants , but tlje 3ani?arics after anotljer fo?t, 
 toitlj a Iappe falling ootonebebinoe like a jFrentb-boooe, anD [jailing befoje a great piece of 
 iBMtgljtftlttcr on their bcaos, "S-be charge of tljcfe is tocattfc tlje Carouan to marcb in gooo 
 arraptobennecoe requtrctb; tljefearcnotattljecommatmDtmcntofanpbutoftlje Captaine of 
 tljeCarouan. Spjeotiertljc Captaine Ijatlj foj bis gtiiDe eight pilots, tbe office of bubom is al« 
 bonpes Gable ano finiie from Ijeire to bcire, anD tljcfe goe befoje gttiDing tlje Carouan , ano ujebj- 
 ing tlje toap , as being uicll erperienccD in tbe place, ano in tbe nigljt tbep gouerne tbem as tlje , 0r 
 manners , bp tlje tore. Crjefe alfo 13 fe to fcnDe befo?c foure o?fiue men carrptng pi; ces of Dip tmatf"i D iba» 
 VuooD inbtcbgtiteligbt.bccaurotljepfljoulDnotgoe out of tljebjap,anpifatanp time tljjotiglj olt °i c i> c ^ 
 tbeic ill bap tljep manner aSrap out of tlje toap, tljcp arc cafl'Dotone anD beaten toitlj fo manp ba^ 
 ffonaDocsupon tlje foles of tljetr fecte, as ferue tbem fo? a perpetuall remembrance, Clje Cap^ 
 taincoftbeCarouanljatlHjtslLicutcnantacconipanicDcontinuallpboitb&ftecne Spachi, anD be 
 batlj tbe charge to fet tlje Carouan in ojioer , aim to caufe tbem to Depart on tbeir tournep luijcn 
 neeoe rcqttiretb : anDEttriugtljeiJopagetbeirofficcisfomelDljiles to goe before Uitbtljcfojie^ 
 toaroe , fometimes to come bchiiioe toitlj tlje rerctuaro, fomettmes to march on tlje one Cdc, ann 
 fometimes on tlje otfjer,to fpp, tljat tlje coail be clearc, tkfce Carouan carrictlj toitlj it fire pieces 
 ofojDinance DjabJenbp 1 2 camels, tobiebfertte to terrific tlje Arabians.as alfo to makctrwmpij 
 at Mecca, anD otljer places, ^IjemarcljantsuJljicbfollobjetlje Carouan , fome carrp fo? mar* 
 cljanoife clotb of ftlke, fome Coiafl, fome tinne,ot!jcrs wljeat, rife, anD allfo^ts ofgratnc.'&ome 
 fell bp tlje ruap, foine at Mecca , fo tljat $uer.p one b?ingetb fometljing to game bp, becaufe all 
 marcljanDife tljat goctb bplano papetlj no cttliomc, but tljat toljiclj goctlj bp feats boutiD to pap 
 tennetntljebunDjcD, 
 
 ■ 
 
 The beginning of the voyage. 
 
 T5;e feaff befoje tlje Carouan fettetb fojtb.tbeCaptatne toitlj all Ijis reitnue ano officers re- 
 fojttonto tlje caflleofCairo before tlje Baflia,tobicbgtuetljDntoeuerp man a garment, ano 
 tljat of tlje Captaine ie topugljt vuitlj golae, ano tlje otljers are ferueD accojDtng to iljtir Degree, 
 ^ojeouer beDeliucretbbnto bim j} Chiiua I alnabi,bJl)tcbftgnlfietb in tbe Srabian tongue, £be 
 garment of the Pjiopbet : tljis beflttre is of ftlke^to jougljt in tbe mioU mitlj letters of gtriD.nibir b 
 fignifie: La ilia ill - alia Mahumct Refullala : tljat is to fap , %\)ttc arc no goos but (SoD , anb bis 
 ambaffaDottr Mahumet. CljiS garment is maDcofpttrpofctocouerfromtoptobotomealitle 
 Ijoufe in Mecca trattDing in tlje nTtoa of tlje Mefqmta.tbe inljiclj boulc (tbep fap ) bJas butlDco bp 
 Abraham ojbp bis fonneliinael, 9ftcrtljis Ije Dcliitere^lj to Ijim agate trtaoeofpurpofe fojtlje 
 fojcfaioljoufe of Abraham ujjougljtaUboitl>8negolDe,anDbeing of ercellentbJojkmanil)ip,anD 
 
 ic 
 
:oq. TheEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations ? T/^/7£r.ta Mecca. 
 
 it ts a thing of great balue. TScfiDes, bt Deitucretlj toito bint a coucrtwg of grcene bcttiet inaoc in 
 maner of a ppjamts, about nine palmes high, ano arttfictallp in jougljt tottlj mott fine goioe, ano 
 this is to cotter the tombeof their p?opbet toitljtn Medina, tobiclj tombe is built in manner of a 
 ppjamis t ana bcitocs that couering tljere are brought manp ethers of goloe ono filke, fe? the oy- 
 namentof the fapoe tombe, flUbicb things being conu"gnco,tljeBaftiaacpattetij not from bis 
 place ; but tlje Captaine of the Carouan taketb his leaue toith all bis officers ana fcuiaiets , ann 
 oepattetlj accompanica toitb all tlje people of Cairo o jocrlp in manner of a p?ocefficn, toltlj fing* 
 ing, (boating anaatbouftma other ceremonies too long to recite, from the cattle tljep goe to a 
 gate of the citie calleo Bab-Naffera,toitbout tbetobicb fiances a Mofquita,anD therein tbep lap 
 lip the lapnbeflitresberp well kept anDguatDea, 3na oftbisceremonp tbep make fo great ae« 
 count, t'nat tlje toojla commctb to fee this fight , pea tlje tocmen great toith cbitoe , anb ethers 
 tBithcl)ilD?cnintl)Eirarmes,neithcrisitlabJfullfo?aupmantofo?biDljistoifethegoingtotUiS 
 feafi, fo? tljat in fo Doing the toife map feparate her felfe from her bulbana, ana map lie toitb anp 
 otbermnn, inregarooffo great a trefpafle, J5oluihisp?oc£u"iou pjoceeatng from tlje cattle co« 
 toaraes the Mofqmta, the Camels toljichbjing the befturcs are all aaomeatoitlj cloth of goloe, 
 tottlj manp little belles, ann patting along the ttreetc pou map fee the multituae catting upon the 
 fain welfares tboufanas of beautifull flotocrs of otuers colours, $ ftoeete toater , others bunging 
 totoels 3 fine clotlj touch the fame, tobiclj euer aftertljep kecpe as reli^ties toith great reuerence. 
 9fterniari>hauing left tljebefliircintljcMofquita,aB is afo?e(iuti,thepretHrneagaineinto tlje ci= 
 tic,tuherethcprcmainethefpaceof2ooapcs!,anDtl;en!ljecaptaineDeparteth»iithhi8companp, 
 ana taking the bettures out of tlje Mofquita, cavietb tlje fame to tlje fo?c faio placeof Birca,toljere 
 the Captaine bauingpitcbea his tent tottb the ttanaara of tljegrana Signior oucr the gate, 5 the 
 other pjutctpall tents Hanging about Ins, ttapetlj there fome tcnue Bapcs ann no mo?e : in tobicb; 
 time all tbofe refojt thither tljat mcanetofolloto the Carouan in this bopage to Mecca, <EHhere 
 pou fljall fee certatnc toomentobicbintenb to goe on tljisboiageaccompanieo tutth their parents 
 ana ftienDsmounteo bpon Camels, aaomea toith fo manp ttpflcs,taffds, ana knots, that in be* 
 boiotng tlje fame a man cannot refrainc from laugbtcr.^lje latt ntgljt before their Departure tlje? 
 make great feattiug aim triumpljboithin tlje Carouan, toithcMUcs anb other infinite aeuifesof. 
 firetoojke, tlje 31ani?ariesaltoapes dancing rouna about the tent of the Captaine tottb fuebfijoue 
 ting anaiop,tbatoneuerp fiae tlje earth rcfounoetlj, ana this night tbep Bifcbarge all their o?ai* 
 nance, fmtre 0? fire times , anb after at the bjeakc of the cap bpon the founb of a trumpet the? 
 march fojtoara on their toa?. 
 
 What times the Qtroiian trauelleth,and when it refteth. 
 
 1% is to be notea, that from Cairo to Mecca tljep make 40 aapes iournep 0? thereabout, 5 t&e 
 fame great aapes lourneics. ft 0? the cuttome of tlje Carouan is to trauell much anb rett little, 
 anb o?etnarilp tbep ioiirnepin this maner \ 'Chep trauell from ttoo a clocke in tlje morning bntill 
 the funne riling, then ijauing rettea till noonc, tljep fet fojtoaro, ann fo continue till night » 9. i&ch 
 alfo rett againe, as is aboucfata, till ttoo of the clocke : ana this o?cer tljep obfe rue bnttii the t no 
 of the boiage, neuer changing the fame,er cept in fome places, thereof toe toill hereafter fpeake, 
 tobere fo? refpect of toater tljep rett fometimes a bap anb an balfe,ana this tljep obferue to refrefb 
 tbemfefoes, otbertoife botfj man ana bcatt tooulb Die, 
 
 In what order the (jrouan trauelleth. 
 
 T{£)e maner anb o?aer tohicf} the Carouan obferueth in marching is tljts,3It goetfj uiuim in* 
 to three parts,to toit,the fo?etoatD,the maine battell, ano tlje rccetoaro. 31" tbefojetoaro p 
 the 8 pilots befoje totth a Chaus,tohiclj Ijath foure knattes,f ecb knaue carrietlj a fineto cf a but, 
 to tlje eno tljat if occafion requtretb, § battonaoo map be giuen to fitch as oeferuc the fame. Chefe 
 Itnaues catt offenbours Dotone,turntng bp the foles of their fecte maoe fatt to a ttaffe,giuing them: 
 a perpetuall remembrance fo? them ?• the beljolbcrs, %W Chaus is as the Captaine of the fo?e« 
 toar6,tohich commanbeth lights to be carrteD before toben the p trauell tn the nigfet,aifo tljere go 
 iu this fojetoarn 6 Santones toith ^fb turbants bpon their beaos.f tbcfe eat anb rice et the cottof 
 tlje Captaine of t^e Carouan. Chcfe Sanconcs toljen tlje Carouan arriurtb at anp gooo loDging, 
 fuDDenlp after thephaueefcricb the place, ciptoitlj an ljo?rible bopec Taping , gooo cbcare,goo& 
 cheare, toe are necre to the toiujeo lobging, ft 0? toljtcb gcob netoes tlje r Ijicfe of the companp be« 
 Coto tljeir beneualence bpon them. 3n tljis fojetoaro goetlj bevp neecc the tljirb part of the peo* 
 pie of the Carouan, bebirtb tohom go altoapes a j Spachi armeo with ftoojos ,botocs f arrotoes 
 
 to 
 
The pilgr. to Mecca. Traffiqucs.,ancl Difcoueries. 205 
 
 to DeftiiD them from ctjuues . id.ni untu tije tojetodio, ujiibiu a qunitcr o t a mile, follottetlj the 
 maine battell, ano befoje the fame are D^atoen tije fapo fire pieces ofojoittancr, toith tljctv gmi» 
 WW, anD&fteencSpachi archers, anonertbtttotijefcccmmechtljecbicfcphpficiou, luljo is 
 au olDe man of autljojitt'c, bailing tout) bimmanp mcDicines, opntments, falues, ano otljeu 
 like rcfrcfliiugs fo? tl>c Gcke, hauing alfo camels toith him foj tije Gcke to rise on, tohich baud 
 jjo hojfeiioj bcaft . incite bnto himgeet!) one Camcil alone, the faireft tbat ean lie fottno : foj 
 toith great mouflrie is fought cbe greatest ano faireft tohich map be founDtoithin the Dominions 
 of the Grand Signior. ?Ll)ig camellnlfo isDcckeotoicOcIotljof golue ano Gike, ann carieth a 
 litlc cljettmace of pure LegmamemaBcmnkcnefie of the arkeof tije oloc ^eflament : but, 
 a3:sabouefapo,ma5eofpureLegmamc,toitljOttt golocoji anp other tljing of eoS ♦ ffilttthin 
 tljfss cbrlJ is tlje Alcoran all tojitccn tottljpjre.it letters of goloe, bounobettocencttoo tables of 
 roafce goloe, ar.D trjc cljcfl Dtirinn; trjeir uopage is coucrco toith <§>uke, but at their cwringms 
 to Meccaitts - all cottereo toith cloth of golce, ano^neo toitb icluels^ann tl;e like at tSje cnterance 
 into Medina . ®he Camcil afojefapotoljicheacrteth the theft, is compafieo about toith manp 
 Arabian Gngers ano muGcians, altoapesGnginganoplapingbponinftrumcnfs . 9ftertljtsfc= 
 Iotofiftcene other moftfaire Camels, eucrp one carping one ofthe abouefapo beGurcs, bring 
 ccumo from toppe to toe toith filke , 15chmD thefe goe itorntie other Camels tohich carrie tbc 
 Inonep, apparell, ano pjottiGon ofthe Amir clCheggi captaine ofthe Carouan. after folotoetlj 
 tijerop.iU^tantintt) ofthe grand Signior, accompanies continuallp toith tlje muGcians of tije 
 captain^anDfittc ano ttoeutieSpachi archers, tomb a Chaus before them, ano about tticfemar-' 
 iie.lous things goe all tlje people ano Camels tt hiclj folloto ihe Carouan , "BehinD thefe, lefle 
 then a mile, folotoetlj t!je rereiuaro, toljcrtof tlje greater part are pilgrimea : tlji: occafion tobete* 
 of is, fo? tljac the merchants fecfee altoapcs to be in tlje fo?etoaro foj tlje fecttritie of their gocos, 
 iHtttbepilgimegtobtcljbaujlttleto loofe care not though thep come behino, TccHno ctjcfe al-- 
 toapesgoefiueanottoentieotljcrSpachi toellarmco toith anctljer Chans their captaine, ano 
 fojtie Arabians all archers fo? guaro of tbc rerctoaro. ano becaufe tlje Carouan goctlj altoapcs 
 along tlje rco fea bankc.toljicb in going fojtlj tljep Ijatteon tljcic right Ijauo, tljerfoje the ttoc bun* 
 c?eo Jamflaries partes into tljjee companies goe bpen tljetriefc hano toell armes ano mounteB 
 bpon Camels bottno one to anof|er, fojbpotuljat Goe is all tlje Danger efthieues, ano on tlje 
 other no banger at all, tlje captaine oftlje Carouan altoapcs going about Ijispeople, fometimefl 
 on tlje oneGDe,anOicmrthneeotUheother,n£uerkecpinganpfirmeplacc, be mg continuallp ac- 
 companies toith a Ch3usanD2s.Spachi,armeoanomounteBi)ponD?omeDaties, ami8.mufi= 
 ctanstoiehbiotcgituheirhanoes, toijichceafe not founoing till the captaine take his reft, Dpon 
 inborn tljt-p attenD,ttll fuclj time as he entreebbis patullion, ano tben licencing all bis attenoantss 
 ano foiotoets to ncpart,t!jep goe eaclj man to tljdt loogmg* 
 
 Of things notable which are feenein thi$ 
 
 voyage by the way. 
 
 BCfattfeinthetoap there are not manp tljings fcunn fcioojtbtemcmo?ie, fo^that ifje Caret 
 iranfeloome refletlj in places of habitation, oftohichin tie toap tljcreare but fetoe, pea 
 rather the Carouan rcflcth, altogetljcr in the fielo : therefore intljsourbopagetoeetoill tn& 
 Ipmabementtonofccrtaine Catties fottno inthetoap, toljichbeetljefe.namelp, Agerur,Na- 
 chtl, Acba, Biritem, Muel, anoEzlem. 2Df luljic^ fitte, tlje ttOO firlt ait kept cfMoores, ailB 
 
 thf other th^eof'Etu.-fecs, airtfojgttatothepljaueeigljtmenoitenneattljemoain tuerp Ca= 
 Hie, tottb foure a} fiuc Smerigli, tohicb fcrue to beepe tlje toater from tlje Arabians, fo that 
 the Carouan conuning thttljcr, maphaue toljeretoithall torcfrelb it felfe ♦ Ageruc isDiflanc 
 from Suez a po?t oftlje teo<%>ea eigljt miles , tohcre arealtoapes teGcent fiue ano ttocntte 
 gallics of the Grand Signior fo? the keeping oftljat S>ea , Nachel is oittant from the ^>ca a 
 Bapes iournep* %ty ttialles of Acba are founoco Dpon the reo^ea banker Biritem ano Muel 
 Itketoife are oaftjeo toith thetoattesof the §>ea » EzlemisoiGant fromtljcnceaboueacapos 
 tournep ♦ lEMtit fiue CaGlcs abouefapo are not of fojee altogetljcr to DCfeno themfclucss 
 agapnft an hunojeo men ♦ Clje Carouan Departing from Birca vinttll Agcrut finoctlj no 
 toater bp tlje toap to Djinkc , neither from Agerut till Nachel , noj from Nachel till Ac* 
 ba , but bettoecne Acba ano Biritem are founo ttoo toaters , one calico Agium cl Caf- 
 fap, ano. tlje other Magaraxiaibi , that is to fap, the riurr of Iethro the fatljer in latoe of 
 Mofes , fo? this is tlje place meutioneo inthefecono chapter of Exodus, tuljitljer it is fr.po 
 ^at Mofes flcDDefrom t(>e anger of Pharao, toljotooulo Ijaue killeo J»im, becaufe hce h.ia 
 
 S Gains 
 
■u 
 
 206 T he Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Thepilgr.to Mecca* 
 
 iliit:ictl)£ /Egyptian, laljtc!)foiigl;t Uiit^tljciytb^cU), mijulj;clj place ftoooetlje cue of Midianf; 
 ano tbere are pet tbe ponoes, necre Dnto tbe tobicb Mofes late ootone , 9nD from tbat place fo?/ 
 toarotbepfiiiDemojeCojeof toater bptlje map, ano in moje places, tgouglj not To gooo » 3JC 
 is alio to bee noteo, tbat in tbts Dotage it isneeDfullanoanDfualltljiug, tljat ttjc captainc put 
 bis bano to fits purfe in tljefe places, ano bettoto p?c ft tits, garments, ano turbants Dpon certaine 
 ofttje cljicfe of tbe Arabians, to tbe enoe tljep map giue bim ano (jis Carouan free palTagc : toljo 
 alfo pjomifc, tljat tljeir followers lifcetoife (ball Doe no Damage to tbe Carouan, ano bino tbem* 
 fclucstoaccompWbtljefame, pjomifingalfobptoojoeofmoutb, tbat if tbe Carouan lice rob« 
 Leo, tfjtpDjUlmahercGitatioHoffucrjtrjmgsasareflollen: but nottoitbflamiing, tlje Caro- 
 uan is bp tljem oftentimes DamrufieD, ano tbofe toljicb arerobbeo baue no otljc r refittution at tbe 
 Arabians banocstbeiubcajctotng of tbcmapaircofljeeleSjflping into fucb places as it is im* 
 potftblctofiitDetbem, jftotoetbe Carouan continuing Ijer accuffomeo iourneps, ano batting- 
 pafieo tlje abouefapc caftlcs, ano otljers not tooo?tljic mention, at Icngtb commetb to a place 
 calleo Icbbir, toljtcb is tlje beginning ano confine of tbe (fate ano realme of Serifo tbe Ring of 
 Mecca : U)bere,actbeirapp?ocbfngiu"uetbottttomectetbemtbcgouernourof tbe lano, tositb 
 alibis people to rccciue tbe Carouan, toitlj fuel) ujouting ano trtumpb, as is impoffible to et e 
 gjefle, Duberetbepftateonetobeleoap , ©bis place abounoetb toitlj freuj ano clcare toaters, 
 toljicb toitb fireames fall Dotone from tbe Ijigb motmtaincs . spojeouer, in tljis place are great 
 ttoje of oates, ano fleflj great Ko?e ano gooo cljeape, ano cfpeciallp laceb muttons tobicb toil* 
 linglpfallootone, anobere tbetoeariepilgrimesljattccommoDitie torefrefl) tljemfclues, fnp« 
 ing, tbattbisDiicbeDfactpttrgetbtbemfromamuUituccofCmus, atiDbefioes incrcafctb DC* 
 ttotion to pjofccutetljc Dotage , ©oucljingtbe builDtng in tbefe places, itiStobceiuDgeobp 
 tbeboufcsb^feruinateo, tbat it Ijatlj bene a magnificent cttie : but becaufe it toas in timtiS 
 pauMnijabucDmc^e toitb tbieuesujen true men, tttoactberefoje altogether Deffropcobp Sol. 
 clanGauriluitgof/Eeypr, Dibo going on pilgrimage Dnto Mecca, anopatfingbp tbts place, 
 tljere Djas bp tlje inbabitants bercof fome tnittrie Done bnto Ijis Carouan , tobicb bee bnocrffan* 
 Ding of, DiflemuIeD till bis returnee from Mecca, ano tljcn caufeo it to bee burneb ano Dcfirop* 
 eo in pitifull fo?t fo? rcuengeof tijeimurie Done Dnto tlje Carouan . Cb? Carouan batting re» 
 freo ano being refrefbeo as is abouefapo, tbe nert Dap oepartet^xn tlje toap, ano tbe firtt place 
 tbeparriueattooojtljp mention is calleo Bedhhonem, intoljicljplace (as is afo?cfapo) groin 
 tljofe little fbwubts toljercoutTMme ilfuetlj. 9no before tlje Carouan acrittetb at tbts place, 
 a mile from tbe citie is alarge ano great fielocnmroneo about toitlj moftljigbano b«ge rooun* 
 taines ♦ SnDintbtsfielD,acrojt)ingtotl)e Alcoran, tljeir pjopbet Mahomet IjaD a mofl fierce 
 ano crttell battcll giuen bp tlje €b Jiftians of tbe countrep ano otber people tobicb fet tbemfcluesf 
 agapnft tljem.anD toitljffooDljis opinion, foibadjcctoasoucrcomcanDbar.qutfljeeoftbe Cbu* 
 tons, ano almofibalfeofljis people fiaine in tbe battell ♦ SObereupon, tbepjopbet feeing 
 Ijimfelfcinfucljertrcmitic, fell to bis papers, anotljcpfap, tbatCSoDljauingcompaulon Dpon 
 bis ocavc trie no ano pjcpljc t, beato Ijtm, ano fent bim infinite tljoufanos of angels, tobmtoirb) 
 rcturningtotlje battcll, tljepconqttercDanooutrcame tlje conquerour ♦ 9no tberefo?e in me* 
 mojie of tljis Ditto jie, tlje Carouan loogetb etterppeereonenigbt in tljis place, mabing great 
 boncfires toitb great mirtb . 9notbepfaptljataspettbcre 10 IjcatD Dpon tlje mountaines a It« 
 tleo?umme, D)btcbDJbile tbe Carouan patfetb, ncuerceafctbfounoing. Snotljcpfap furtljer, 
 tbat tlje fapo jumme is founbeo bp tlje angels in figne of tljat great Dicto^p graunteD of <Soo to 
 tbeitp?opbet . 8lfo tbe Mahumetan tastings affirme, tbat after tljecnoeoftbc tapo lattell, 
 tljep^opbet commaunoeo certaine of bis people to goe ano btirte all tlje Mahumecans tobicl« 
 biereoeao intbefieios, Dabo going, fencDJ not tbe one from tlje otber, becaufe as pettbep bfco 
 rot circumcifion, fo tbep returneo Dnto bim, anfDJering, tljat tljep ban bene to Doe Ijis com* 
 matmoement, but tbep Ktteto not tbe Mufulmans from tlje Cbufiians* CoDujomtbepjopbet 
 anfmcreo, fapmg : 'Surnc againe, ano all tljofe toljicb pou (ball finoe Dsitlj tljeir faces ootone* 
 tuaro, leauetbem, becaufe all tbep are mifbeleetiers ; ano tbe otber toljicb pou (ballfinoe toitb 
 tljeir faces turned bptoato, tbem burie, fo; tljep are tlje true Mufulmani, ano fo bis commaun* 
 Dement teas Done. 
 
 ■SDbenerc moaning bp S)unncriRng, tbe Carouan arrmetbat Bedrihonem, in tcljtcij place 
 ctterpman toadietlj bimfclfcfrom toppcto toe, astoellmen astoomen,anDleautngorttIjetrap< 
 parell, bautngeacb oneaclotlj about tljeir p?tuities, calico in tbeir tongue Photah,anDanotl;et 
 tobite one Dpon tbeir (l:oulocrs,alltobiclj can goe to Mecca in tbis babite, do fo.ano are tbougbt 
 tomeritcmojetijeiubeotber, but tbep tobtclj cannot ooe fo maheaDotoetofaccificea3R<mme 
 at tbe mountaine of paroons : ano after tbep bee toafbeo, it is not latof ull fo? anp man o? too* 
 
 matt 
 
Tdgr, to Mecca. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 207 
 
 mv w lull either flr ao? lattifc Voitb tljeir hanoes, ncitljer pec to take tljem uiitlj cljcic nailes, ton- 
 tjflj ilj;p t).tue accomplifijeo tljeir UotoeD orations in tbe mountairtc of paroons abouefapc : ana 
 fherefpV tbep cavp uiitlj tljem certaine ffiekes maoc of purpofein maner of a jf ile, calico in their 
 • language Area, CaflahGuch,\i)!t!)Wlnctjtijcp pate tbcirujoulDcrs, anofotbeCarouannmr* 
 cjjtngj cbmmeth toitbin ttao miles of Mecca inhere cl;cp reffthat night . Jn the morning at tlje 
 bjeake of Dap, taiil) al! pompe poffible ttjep fet fojtoaro tomato Mecca,ano valuing neere tljcrc^ 
 unto, rhe SeiiphoilTuetbfoonboftljecitictoLtbbisguaro, accompanieotoitb an infinite mint* 
 tec of people, fbouting, ano making great triumph , 9no being come out of the citie a boiue- 
 fliooteintoafairefielo, tobereagreatmultituoeof tents arepitcbeo, anointhemiODelttbcpas 
 iiillionoftbecapcainc, loljo meeting tuitb tlje Serifo, after falutations cm each Roc, tljep ligbt 
 from their Ijojfcs ano enter into tljcpmiillion, loljeretbckingof Mecca Dcpjiuetlj bimfelfe of 
 all authentic ano potter, nub coimntttctlj the fame to tbeabottc-nameo captaine, gitiing him 
 full licence ano aucljojitie to commnttnti, goucrnc, ant) miniffcr tuff ice During bis aboao in Mec- 
 ca tittdjiits company, ano on tlje otljer Ctoe tlje captaine to requite this libetaiitie bfco totoaro 
 bjmbpebeSeiifo, gtuctlj Ijhtt a garment ofciottj of golo of great balue, toitfj certaine tetoels 
 ano other like things, after tljis, fitting do nme together bpon carpets ano biDcs tljep cntc togc= 
 tber, ano riftng from thence vuttij certaine of tlje cbiefcS, anb taking toitb tljem tlje garment 
 ano gate abouefapo, tbepgoeoircctlptotljeMofquita, attenDcDonbutmitljafette, auobeing 
 eutereo, cijep cnufetljf oioc to be pullcD Dolune , ano put tlje nctoecottcrturc bpon the bottfe of 
 Abraham, ano t!;c oloc Wffurc tstbc eunuchs lubicbfcrue in tlje fapDe Mofquita, tobo after 
 fell it unto tlje ptlgnmes at fourc o? fiuefcrafincs tlje pike: ano Ijappp Dotlj cljat man tbmkc bim- 
 felfe, lDbtcbcangct neuerfolitlcapiccecbereof, toconferueeuerafterasamoltbolp rclique: 
 anotbepfapjtljatyuttir.gtbcfamcbnofrtljebcatiofamanattbeboiireofljisbcatlj^b^ottglj^er^ 
 tue thereof all bis fmnes are fojgiuen. 3Ifo tbep take atoap tlje olooooje, fettingin tlje place tbe 
 mtt Doo;c,ans the olD bp cuGomc tljcv giue bnto tbe Serifo.9fter bailing mabe cbetrpjaicrs toitb 
 certaine ojotnarieanotooonteo ccrcmonicgjthe Serifo reinainctljtntbecitie,anD tlje captaine of 
 the pilgrimage rcturnctlj onto bis pautllioin 
 
 Of the Serifo the king of £>VLecca. 
 
 %)i Serifo is oefcenoeo of tlje pjopljec Mahomet bp Fatma aaugbtcr of tljat goorj pjo- 
 pbet, snD Alii Ijufbano to Ijer, ano fonr.e in latoe to Mabumet, mho bao no iffue male.faue 
 tlj:s Eochc of tbe Serifo, to tbe cloeit fonne toljereof the realme commctlj bp fiicceffion ♦ %\$.% 
 rcalmc bath of reucnues ropall, ctterp ^cctc balfe a nrillion of goloe, o? liclemoje : ano all fuch 
 as are of thepjopbets kmvED,o?DefccnDco of tljat blooo (toljtclj are almort innumerable) are 
 calico Emyn, tbatts to fap, Iojdc3 , Cbcfe all goe clotljeo in greene, oj at tbe leatt batte tljeir 
 turbant greene , to bee knotoen from tbe otljer ♦ jfttitber is it pcrmitteo that anp of thofe 
 Cbjiftians toljicb Otoell o? traffique in tijeir Countrcp goe clotljcb in greene , neither mag 
 tbcp haue anp thing of greene about them : foj tbep fap it is not lauTfttll fo? mifbclecucra 
 to toeare that colour, toberctn tljat great fcienb anop?opb?t of goo Mahomet tijastooont to 
 ijeapparellco. 
 
 Of the citie of £\£ecca. 
 
 TOeCitte of Mecca in tbe Arabian tongue is calico Macca, tljat is to fap, an habitation, * 
 Cbts citie is tnuironco about tm'tlj erceeoing high ano barren mountatues, ano in the 
 plainebettoeenetbefapoemountaines ano the citie are inanppleafamit garoens, toljeregroio= 
 ethgteatabunoaunceof figges, grapes, apples, anomelons t 'Ojernsalfo great abunoance 
 ofgoootoateranofleuje, b«tnotofb?eao . Chts citie batb no toalles about it, ano contained) 
 in etrcuite flue miles » ^Ijeljoufcsare bcrp hanofomeanocommoDtotiS, ano are bmlc like to 
 tljeboufcs in Italic . ©jc palace of the Senfo wfumptuousano go?geoutipaoojneo , Clje 
 tuomenof tlje place are courteous!, tocttno, anolouelp, faire, toith alluring epes, being bote 
 ano ubloinous, ano the moff of tbem naugljtiepackcs, ®be men oftljis place arc giuen to tljat 
 abbominabl^ curfeo, anb opprobrious bice, ttljereof both men ano boomen make but fmall 
 account bp rcafon of tbe pono Zaa Zun,tBherein battingtoafteo themfelues.tijcir opinion is, that 
 although like the oog tbep rtturne to tljeir bomite.pet tljep are clenfeo from all finne tobatfoc tier, 
 of tolj!cljfi!irAjetuiilijereaftermo?elargcIpoifcourfe,3lntl)emibffof the citpisp great Mofquita, 
 
 S a luitb 
 
2o 8 The Etigliih Voyages, Nauigations, Ttlgr. to Mecca. 
 
 ruitljtljeboufeot Abraham ftanoing in t^eiierpmtDDefl thereof, tohicijMoiquitatoas built in 
 tlje time toben tbetrpjopljet Ituco ♦ litis foure fquare, ano fo great, that tt containctb ttoo 
 miles tn citcuit,tljat is to fap,balfe a mile each Goe.Sllfo tt is mace in maner of a cloifler, fo? tljat 
 in the miott thereof feparate from ttje rett,is tfje aboucfapo houfe of Abraham, alfo tlje galleries 
 routiD about are in maner of 4.flteetes, ano the partitions toljicb Dtuinc the one fircet from cl;e o-- 
 tberareptllars,toljercoffome areofmarbIe,amj otbtrsof lime annffoneXlus famous ano fump. 
 tuous Moiquica batb 99,gates,anD s.fieeples, from tobence tbe Talifmani call the people to tbe 
 Mofquita.amj tlje pilgrimes tohicb are not pjoutoeD of tents, refejt bitber, ano foj moje Deuoti* 
 on ibe men anu momen lie togetljer aloft ano beneatb.one topo anotljer.fo tljattlieir Ijoufe of pjaict 
 becommetb, toojfe fomettmes tljena cenofthieucs. 
 
 Of the houfe of Abraham. 
 
 TI;e houfe of Abraham is alfo foure fquare,ano maoe of fpccRleo ttonc,2o,paces high,fini54o 
 m circutt.&nti upon one fioe of this boufe toithin tbe toall,there is a Bone of a fpan long, ano 
 halfe a fpan b?oaD,tohich flone(as thep fap)befo?e this boure to as butlDeo.fell ootonc fcom heaum, 
 attljcfailtohereoftoashearti abopce, that toljercfocuer this flone fell, there ttjoulo bcbuilttlje 
 ljoufccf©oc,tobcreinci5oDn)illbearennucrst£po?coucr,tbrpfaptbatM;cn!btsfloiiefc'lfrom 
 heaueii,it toas not blacke as noto,but as toljite as tljetoljitctt fnoto, ant> bp reafonit bath benefo 
 ofc ktffeo bp Rnners, it is therewith become black; fojaUiljepilgnmcsareuomio tohiffetbis 
 fione.otbcrtuife tljcp carp tljciu mines borne liiitb tbem again.'iZLhe entrance into tljis boufe is ne= 
 rpfmall,macc in manerof atoinooto,anti asljighftcmthc grounoas amancanreatb fotbat ttis 
 painful to enter, Ojis boufe batb tottbout 3 1 . pillars of UjalTe, fct upon cubifcc 0? fquare Cones 
 being reo ant> greene,tlje toljicb pillars fultaine not sugljt els fauc a tljjcco of copper, toljicb rea* 
 cljetb from one to anotljcr.tobereunto are fatteueomanp burning lampes.Cbcfe pillars of biatfe 
 toere caufeo to be mace bp Sultan SolimangranDfatljrr ( to Sultan AmurathnotoCmpeio^.af' 
 * ter tbis, hauing entreo toith tlje Dimcultie aboucfapt>, tljere flanb at tlje entrance ttoo pillars 
 of matble.to toit.on eaclj fioe one. in tbe miotttljere arc ttoe e cf 3Ioes-toooo not nerp tbicuc,aM> 
 couereutoitlj tiles oflndia of 1000, colours tobicljfcruc to nnrjcrpjoppetheTerratza. Jtts fo 
 oarfectljattljcp can IjarDlp fee toithin foi main of light, not toitljout an euiUfmcll. <E3itljout the 
 gatcfiuepafeststbeabctufapti peno ZunZun, toljtcljisthatbleffco ponotbattheangeUof tlje 
 lojo ihetoco unto Agar tohtlcs fijetocntfeckingtoatcrfoj iiec forme Iftnacl toojinRC. 
 
 Of the ceremonies of thcpilgrimes. 
 
 I^cbebeginningtoebauefapohototbeMahumetanshauettoofeatteinthepecre . ©je one 
 thepcaHPafchadiRamaz.aco, tbatistofap, 3£tjc featt of fatting, anritljis featt of fatting is 
 Ijoloen tljirtie aapes after tlje featt,toherein tlje Carouan trauedetlj to Mecca . 'She otljer is cal= 
 leo tlje featt of tlje Eamme.toljerein all tbep toljicb are of abilitie are bouno to facrifice a Kamrnc, 
 ano tljistljep call Bine Bairam, tbatistofap, 'iZtbe great featt, SlnDasfhe Carouan oepartctb 
 from Cairo tljirtie oapes after tlje little featt, foiikewtfetljepcome hither fitico? Ore napes bc= 
 fo?e the great featt, totljcenoe the pilgrimes map Ijaue time before tlje featt to finiftj tljcir rites 
 ane ceremouxs,tobtcb are tljefe. Departing from tlje Caroum, ano being gtttoeobp fucb as 
 are erperiencec m tbe toap.tljep goennto tbe citie ttoentie 0? tljirtie in a companp as tbcp tljinfee 
 gooo, toalntngtlj^ouglj a ttreetetoljicljafcentietbbplttle ano litle till tbep come unto a certatne 
 * gate, toljercttpon is tojittcu on each Doe tit marble Bone, Babel Salema, tobicb in tlje Ara- 
 bian tongue fignifictlj, tlje gate of Ijealtlj. ano from this place isDcfcrieo tlje great Mofquita, 
 tobicb tnttironeth tbe boufe of Abraham, toljicb being rjefcrteti, tbep reuerentlp falute ttoift, 
 
 faping, Salem Alechlaraful Alia, tbatistofap, Peacetothee 3 ambaiTadourofGod.'djisfa'' 
 lutation being enoco, pjoceeoing on tlje toap, tbep finne an arclje bpon tljcir rigbt bam>, tobere* 
 on tbepafcenottuettcps, upon tlje tobiclj is a great Dopo place maDe of flone: after, befcenoing 
 otberfiueCeps,anDpjoceeDingtbefpaceofafligbt-njoot,tljepfimjeanotljcr arclje lifeennto tlje 
 firfl,anD tljis toap from the one arebe to tbe otljer tljep go ano come 7. times, faping altoaies fome 
 oftljeirpjapcrs,toljiclj (tbep fap) tbe afflicteo Agar faptj, toljilesujefottgbt ann founDnottoater 
 foj Ijer fonne Ifmael to Djiiine. ^tbis ceremonie being enDcu, tlje pilgrimes enter into tbe Mof- 
 quita, anDDjatotngneerennto tbe houfe of Abraham, tljcpgoe rounu about it otljer feuen 
 
 times, altoapes faping : This is the houfe ofGod, and ofhis l'ernaunt Abraham; ©IjiS Cone, 
 
 tljepgoc to Rtlfe tbatblacfeettoneabouefapo, 9ftertljepgonntotbeponD ZunZun, arm in their 
 
 appatcll 
 
 m 
 
SThepilgrM Mecca. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 209 
 
 npprireii as t!;ep l)i'/ijep luaflj ti;emfclucs frora Ijcao to footCjfflying^obah Allah,Tobah Allah, 
 tfjat ts tofap j Pardonford J Paidon lord, BjJtt&ftigalfo of tl;3t H)ater,TDt)Ub is'ootljnui&tie, fil- 
 tbse,aud of an ill fauottr, and tit tljis totfe biafijco ana toatcrcd, ctterp one rcturnctb to bis place 
 af abode, ana tljcfe cere monies eticrp one is bound to Doe once at tlje leaft.Tput thofe tobtcijljauc 
 a rftttiB to ottergoe tljeir fel!ub)es,ano to go into paradsfc before the retf, doe the fame once a Dap 
 iutjile tlje CarouatHenuinet!) tberc 
 
 What the Qarouan doeth after hauing refted at 'Mecca. 
 
 TlpCCsrouan patting abode toitrjintljccto __ 
 
 oftljeirfeaft, tljccaptametoit!)aHl;igcompanpfcttetl;fo?toftrDtoluard5 tbemoimtainc of rtSSSSSft** 
 pardons.tabiclj tljcp call in tfje Arabian tonpr, label Aiafata. 'Sbis motmcamc is dittanc from 
 Mecca 1 5.miles,and in tlje mio map tljercto is a place called Mina,t|jat is to fap,Thc hauen, and 
 alitle from tljenceare 4»great pillar0,of iBljt'cb Ijercafter toeroiUfpeake, jftoto firff toucljtijgthe 
 mountatne of lj9araon5,tobielj is ratljcr to be called a Utlc ljiil,t!jen a mountat'n,fo? tijat it ijS loto, 
 Iitle,tel!gl)tful and pleafant/ontainingin circuit ttno niilcs,and cnuironcd round about &ttb the 
 tpodliefl plane tljat etier toitlj mans cie could be feen,and tlje plainc liketatfe compalTcd toftlj ex- 
 ceeding Ijiglj imountains,in fticij fo?t,tljat tljis is one of tbe goodliefi fituations m tlje toojld: anoic 
 feemctlj bertlp, tljat nature batlj tljeretn ujetoeo all l;er cunning, in making this place bndt r tlje 
 mountaine of pardons fo bjoad and pleafant.aipon tlje Hoc totoaros Mecc a tbere arc mnnp pipes 
 of baater cleare,fatre,and freuj,and abotte all moif toboIcfome,faI!ingDoton into certainc isclUls 
 niaoe of purpofc,tubere tlje people refrcih and bJMTj tbemfelues,ano iuater their cattel,3nd tobni 
 Adam and Euah lucre call out of paradifcbp tlje angelof tlje JUjd, tlje Mahometans Cip, rbcp 
 rame to inljabite tbts litle mountatne of pardons.Qlfo thep fap,tljat the p Ijad lo3 one anotijer, ana 
 lucre feperated fo? tlje fpacc of 40.peeres, and in tlje end met at this plate uritb great top $ glad* 
 nelTe,and builded alitle Ijoufe bpon tlje topof tljis motmtaine 3 t!je toljicb at this dap thep call Beyt 
 Adam,tljat fjS to fap,tlje IjOUfe Of Adam. 
 
 Of the three Carouans. 
 
 T defame dap tljat tlje Carouan of Cairocommetlj to tfj:splaee,l)i£tfjer come a.Cafouaris al^ 
 fo.oncof Damafco, theotljer of Arabia, and in like mancr all tbetmjab:t:;;<ts fo? tensapes 
 i ottntep round about.fo that at one time there is to be feeu abotte jooooo.pcrfens, and mo?,-: tlje 
 3 oooao,ca!telM!2obi all tljis companp meeting together in this place tljemgbt befrje tlje feaS, 
 tije tlj?ce Ijoltcs tail tljemfelttes into a triangle/etting tbe mountaine in tlje rfiidttof tljem : ar.a 
 all tljat mgljt tbere is notljing to be beard nojfccne, but gunftjot and firetoojkes cfftmtijp fojtes, 
 toitlj fucfjlingtng^oundingjfijatitingjljalaujtngjrumo^sjcafitng^nd trittmpbing, as is lbonDer= 
 fu'.l.aftcr tbis,tlje dapoftlje featt being come,tljep are all at reU and Clence.ano tljat dap tfjep at* 
 tend on no otljer thing, tljentofacrlftceoblattonsanopjapersbntotSod, and in tlje eucmng all 
 tbep tobicb batte ljo?feg mount t!jcrcon,ano appjocfj as ntgb unto tlje mountatne as tljep can, and 
 tfjofe tohicb Ijauenobojfes make tbe bed ujifttbep can on foote,giumg cuer bnto tlje captaine of 
 Cairo tbe cljiefe place,tbe fecono to tlje captaincof Damafco, and tbe tijtrd to tbe Captaine of A- 
 rabia,gf being all appjocljeo as is abouefapd>tbere commctlj afcittare fqutre,one of tlje Samones, 
 mounted on a camelltoellfurniujeOjioba at tlje otberCoe of tlje mountain afcendctlj flue Cteps iu= 
 to a pulpit made fo? tljat purpoie 3 ano all !mng fiient,turning Ijis face touiatdS tlje people, be ma* 
 fectlj au)ojt fermon of tlje tenour folo'ajing. 
 
 The fumme of the Sctntones fermon. 
 
 T^efumttieofthis double doctors femton is tbusmttcbinbjiefe. 5peujetoetljtbemboluma= 
 np and Ijodj great benefits ©od batb gitten to tbe Mahumetan people bp tlje baud of Ijis be!o» 
 tied friend and pjopbetMahometjIjautngdcliueredtbem from tlje fcruitudc of Rnnef from idola^ 
 trp,in tobicbbefo?etime tbep tBered)oVuned,andbotoljcgauebntotljem tbe ijoufe of Abraham 
 tobercintljepfljoulo be beard, andliijedjtfetbcmountaincofpflroons.bpmeaues&bcreoftbcp 
 migbt obtaine grace and remiffion of tljeir (tmtes : additicc.tbat tljemerciftrll 6oo,tol<o is alibe* 
 rail giuer of all good tljings,commaunded Ijis fecrctarte Abraham to build Ijim anboufe in Mec- 
 ca, tobereljtsfucceflbura migbt make tljetrpiapers unto bim and beebcard, at iBljicljtime all 
 tbe mountains in tbe t)o?ld cametogetljcrtbitbcrluitlj ftimcicncxeoffloncsfo?but!Dii:gljcreof, 
 ercepe tljat litle and loto t>tll,UJtjif lj foj pouertte could not go to difebarge #5 debt, foj tlje uiljicb- 
 
 S 3 it 
 
210 The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations., Theplgr.to Mecca, 
 
 it became fo»rorjrfull,tueepingbeponD all meafttre foj the fpace of tbirtie peeress, at tbecnoe 
 tobereof the eternall (Sod bauingpitfeano companion bpontbispo£eS^ountaine,taioebntoit: 
 
 Weepc no more (my daughter) for thy bitter plaints haue afcended vp into mine eareSjthere- 
 forc comfort thy felfe: forlwillcaufe all thofe that (hall goe tovifitethehoufeofmyfriend 
 Abraham ,that they jfhall not be abfolued from their finpes, vnleffe they firft come to doe thee 
 reuerence,and to keepe in this place their hoheft feaft. And this I haue commanded vnto my 
 people by the mouth of my friend and prophet Mahumer, ChiS fat'D, be etljOjtetrj trjem bllta 
 tlje Ioue of 6oa , a»D to p?aper ana almcs, Che fermon being cone at the gmrme-fetting tbeg 
 ttiahe g.pjapers, namelp, thefittt fo? the Serifo,tbe fecono fo? the Grand Signior toith &ie boff e, 
 ana the tbirafo jail thepeopleJtotnbich pjapers all toitboneboprecrpfaptngjAmnilaAlla, 
 Amni la Alla,tbat is to fap.TBett fo io?B,be it fo Jloja. CbusbauingbaD the Santones blctTing 
 ana falttteD the spountaine of paroons , thep returne the toap thep came bnto Mina,tubereof toee 
 liauc mace mention. In returning at tlje cno of tlje plm'ne are the abouefaio 4 ,ptilers,to tuit 3 t U10 
 onecljBtieoftbetoap,tbjougl)trjt micft Whereof tbcp Tap itisneeofull that euerp one pafle,fap= 
 ing,tbat ttljo fo palTcth Without loofetlj all that merit which in big prlgrimagebe baD gotten.aifo 
 from the mountaine of pardons Until tljep be paffeD the faiB pftlers none Bare looke backtoaro,fo? 
 feare leatt the Gnnes tubith he hathleft in tlje mountains returne to him againc.lBcing pafl t^cfe 
 pillers eucrp oneligljtetlj ooione,fcefeing in this fanop fielo 50,0? Co.Iitle QoneSjWbicb being ga« 
 tbereo, ana botino in an banakercljiffe tljep carrp to the abottefaia place of Mina,wbere tbep ftap 5. 
 Bapes.beeaufe at that time tljcre isafairefrceanafrarikeofalcuflomc. 3na in tljis place are o* 
 thcr j.piiIers,not together, but fet in Diuers places.tohcre (as their pjophet faith) were the th?ee 
 appatitiorrsM;ichtheBittelmaDebntoAbraham,anDtoIfmaelvjisfonne;fo3iamongvtthemtljep 
 make no mention of Ifaac,ag if be baa netter bene borne* &o thep Capiat the bleffeo (Sod batting 
 commanocD Abraham his faitbfull feruant to facrificehis firfl begotten Ifmaekthe old Abraham 
 went to no acco jcing to (Sobs wil,ana met with the infernal enemie in tlje fljape of a man,anB be* 
 ingof hint cemariBeB Whither Ije Went, he anfwereo,tbat he went tofacrtfice bis fonne Ifmael.ass 
 <SoB baB commanceo Ijim. 9gaintt whom tlje ciuel erclaiming faio.SDb coring olD man.fttb <So& 
 in tljine olo age Ijatlj maructlouflp gitten thee this fon(in Whom all rations Qjauje bleffeo) Wbere* 
 fo je giuittg creoite bnto batnc o?cames,Wilt thou kill him Whom fo much thou halt oeU~reo,ano fa 
 intirelp louea ♦ 'Sttt Abraham {baking Ijim off pjoceeaea on his Wap, whereupon tlje Biuel feeing 
 IjiS toojas coulB not pjcuaile Witlj tlje father attempteB the fonne,faping; Ifmael,baue regarD bn-- 
 to tbp felfe bctim es in this thing which is fo Bangerous.SflJherefoje'. anfwereo j> chtlae^ecaufe 
 (faith the Biuel )tbpBoting father feeltetl) to tafee atoapthplife, jfojtoljatoccalion, faiolfmael? 
 iSecaufe (faitlj the enemie) he fattlj, that <Soo hath commanBeB Ijim. ^iUhiclj Ifmael hearing hee 
 toofee bp Hones anB tb?eto at him, faping, Auzu billahi minal fcia itanil raginijijoljich is to fap 3 3l 
 DefcnB me toith cSoBfrom the Biuel the offencer, astoho tooulc fap, toee ought to obep the com-« 
 manocment of (Sob ana reCa the Biuel tottb alour fo?ce* 55ut to returne to our purpofe,the pil* 
 grimes Bttring their aboao there goctobifitcthcfetlj?ccpillcrs,tljioto;nga'ojspti;eltttle Cones 
 toljiclj before tljep gathcrcB,tohilcs tljep repeat tlje fame too?os tohich thep iap» that Ifmael fat'B to 
 the Diuell,U)bcn Ijee toithttooac him. jf rom hence Ijalfe a mile is a mountainejtobuljer Abraham 
 toent to fatriuce his fottiie,as is abouefaio.Hn tljis mottntainc is a great Ben tabttljer the pilgrims 
 refo?t to make their papers, ana tljere is a great flone naturallp feparatea in tlje miait ; ana thep 
 fap, that Ifmael, toljilc his father Abraham teas buCe about the Cacrifice 3 toofee the knife in Ijano 
 to pjoouc Ijocj tt tooulo cut, ana making triaH aiuisea the (tone into tujo parts . Che flue aapea 
 being erpirea, tlje captaineartfetlj tuithalltheGarouanjanB rcturnetl) agatnetoMecca,tohere 
 thep rematne otljer Que capes. 3«o Uiljile thefc retr,uie iuill treat of tlje citp ana po } t of Grids 
 DpontbeRedSea. 
 
 OfGrida. 
 
 Itsere Mecca, 
 
 Sliiiu"."',! 1 'T , ^2t^fc?ebjee fap that from Mecca to Grida thepmake ttoafmallBapes toutneptanabfs 
 ± raufe in tljofe places it is ill trauciling in the Bap-time bprcafonof tljegreatljrat of the 
 ©unite, tljercfoje thep oepart in the euening from Mecca, ana in tlje morning before Dunnes 
 riGng tljep are arrtuca halfe toap, tohere there are certaine habitations toell fumilben, ana goon 
 3nnes toloogein, but clpeciallptijomenpnough tohichboluntarilp beffotoe their almesbpon the 
 poo?e pilgrims. likebrife Beparting the nert euening , the mojning after,thep come Unto Grida* 
 %\)is citie is fottnoea bpontlje Red Seabanke,enuironeo tottlj mals st- toiucrs to thclano-toarc, 
 but tliiouglj conttnuanceof time almof! cofumea ana tuadea: on the fice to fcatuar c it (tanBS bn= 
 HiaiieB. Gridahathth?eegates,oneonechefiae,anBtl)CthitBe in themiBtttoJuarDethelanB, 
 tohicbts calleB, Che pojt of Mecca,neerebnto which are 6,0} 7* Turks bnontheotototoersfoj 
 
 gitaiBj 
 
The pUgr. to Mecca. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 211 
 
 guatDtberfoftottbfourefaulconSbponone oftlje corners of tlje citp to tlje IiinD-luaro» SUfb to 
 
 tea- toaro tuljcre tbetoall topnettj toitlj tlje toatec.tljcrc is IatcJp maoe a fojt like onto a bultoarfcc, 
 
 toberetbepbaueplantco 25 pieces of tfjebctt oyntnancc tljat mtgbt be tjao , tobtcljarebeiptoeil 
 
 kept ano guaroco. apoje outtoatDtotoatDstbc tea bpon tlje farcbettolDe totoer are otljer fine 
 
 gooo pieces toitb 5 o men to guaro tljem. ffintlje otber fine oftlje citp at tbe cno oftlje toaU tbcre 
 
 10 latelp bttilocD a bttltoarfce Jfrong ano toell guaroco bp a Saniaccho toitlj 1 5 o ^nrfcs toel p?o= ^[ )e ^ 0]tn{ 
 
 utoeD toitb o?oinancc ano all otbenieceKartcs anDmunttion.ano alltbcfefojtifpmgs ate foj none w* Strang 
 
 other eaufe tljen fo? fearc ano fufpition of tbe pojtugals* 3no if tlje po?t toere gooD all tljis toere r?£ fotj" 1 " 
 
 in baine : but tlje po?t cannot be toojfe no j moje Dangerous , being all full of rocfes ano fanes, jn 
 
 fucljtoife, that tlje ujips cannot come ncere, but perforce rioe at tbe leatt ttoo jmles off, attljts 
 
 po?t arriue ettcrp pcerc fojtp j fiftp great fljippes laDcn toitlj fpiccs ano otljer rt'clj marcIjaiiDt ?e JTo?tv oj fiftp 
 
 tobicIjpeeloincuSome 1 50000 DucatSjtljc^alfeto^eteofgottbontotfje Grand Signior,ano tlje rmciwi 6 ?*" 
 
 otljer Ijalfe to tlje Serifo. 3no becaufe tljere is none otljer tljing toojtljp mention in Grida toe toil aWa - 
 
 tewrne to our Carouan toljidj Ij.itlj almcfi txftcD enough. 
 
 Of their going to Medina. 
 
 Tl£>e Carouan Departed) fo? Medina returning tlje fame toapt&ep came bnto Bedrihonem 
 abouefapD, tohere tbep leatte tbeir finance ano otljer rariages,toljereof tbcp Ijaue no nee 0, 
 teith tbe pilgrims tohiclj IjaucfecneMcdina afo?etime,anD oefirenot to fee it agamc, but Cap in 
 
 that place,erpectingtbe carouan, ano refling&ntilltbe carouan gofcomBedrihoneni to Medi- 
 na, tobere tljep attoapes finoe gooolp habitations, toitlj abundance of ftoeet toaters, ano Dates c- 
 notigb, anD being toitbin foureteene miles of Medina tljep come onto a great plaine calleD bp 
 tljem label el lalema, tljat isto fap, tlje mountaine of bealtb,ftomtobiclj tljep begin tobefcrp tlje 
 citp auDtombe of Mahomet, at tobiebfigbt tbep light from tljeir bojfes tntoltencif rcttcrence, 
 9nD being afccnoeD Dp tbe fapomountaine toitlj ujouting tobicb piercetlj the flues tljep fap , Sala - 
 tuuafalemaAlaccah Iarah ful Allah. Sala cuuaSalemaAlaccahlanabi Allah, Sala tuua Sale- 
 ma Alacchalahabic Allah : toljichtooj-DSfn tlje Arabian tongue fignifie : IPjapcr anD health be 
 onto thee, olj p?opbet of (Sod t pjaper ano health bebpon tfjee , oh beloueo of i$qd, 3no batting 
 pjonounceDthisfalutation, tbcppjoceeDontljetriournep, to tbat tljcploDge that night toitbin 
 thjee miles of Medina :ano tlje nert mojntng tljecaptaine of tbe pilgrimage arifetb.fr pjoceeDing 
 totoaros tbe citp, ano Djatotng neere, tljere commetb tlje gouernour bnDct tbe Serifo, accompa* 
 nteo toitb bis people to receitte the Carouan , hauing pitcbeo tljeir cents in tlje iinof! of a gooolp. 
 OelotoheretheploDge, 
 
 OfMedina. 
 
 MEdinafs a little citp of great antiquitp, containing in circuit not abouettoo miles, Ijauingj 
 therein but one cattle, tohich is otoe ano toeafce, guaroeo bp an A ga toitlj 6f cp pieces of ar * 
 tillerp,but not bcrp gooo. Cbe botifes tbetrofare faire ano toellOtttaceo 5 builtof lime ano Hone, 
 mn in tljemtott of tbe citp llanos a fourefquareMofquita,not fo great as that of Mecca.but moje 
 gooolp, rieb. anofumptuoustnbuiloing, mit^tntbefameinaco?nert!jereoftsatombebuilt 
 ftpon foure pilfers toitlj a Dault , as if it toere bnoer a paucment , toljtcb btnoetlj all tbe f oure pil» 
 lets togetljer» Cbetombeisfb btgb.tbat It farreerceeocth in Ijeigljtljtlje Mofquita,being cottc* 
 reo tottljleao, ano tlje top all tnamelleo toitlj gotoe, toitlj an balfe moone upon tlje top : ano toitlj= 
 in tlje pauement it is all berp artifictallp tt?ougbt toitb goloe. 'Beloto tljere are rouno about be« 
 rp great ffattes of p?on afcenoingbp ontill tbe mioft oftlje pillers^no in ilje berp miott tljtreof t^ 
 burieotbe boop of Mahomet, anD not tnacbelf of p?oncleauingto tljeaDamant.asmanpaffitme 
 tljatfenoto not tlje truetfctljereof* S^o^eouer, ouertlje booptbepljaue builtatombeoffpecWeB 
 done a J b?ace ano an Ijalfe fjiglj, anD ouer tbe fame anotljer of Lcgmame foursquare in maner of [©»,« fatuom, 
 appjamis. 9ftertljts,founo about tbe fcpulture tljere Ijangetb a curtaine ofOlfee, toljicljlettcth 
 tbefigbtofthofetoitljotit, tbattljcp cannot fee tbe fepulture. ^cpono this in tlje fame Mofquita 
 are otber ttoo fe pulcij jes coucreo toitb greenc clotb , ano in tlje one of tljem is burieo Farma tbe 
 uaugbtcc of Mahomet , ano Alii is burteo in tlje otber , tobo teas tbe ljuf bano cf tbe fapo Fatma. 
 3D be attenoants bpon tbefe fcpulclj^es are fiftp eunucbes toljite ano tatonp , neither is it granteo 
 toanpoftbemto enter toitbin tlje tombe.fauing to tljjee toljite eunucbes tbeolcettanobettof 
 creoit; bntotobomitisIatofuHto enter but ttoife in tbe Dap,toligbt tljelanips, ano to Doe otljer 
 ferutces. 311 tbe otljer cunuebs atteno tottljout to tbefetuice oftlje Mofquita,anD tlje otljer ttoo 
 £epulcb?es of Fa:ma,anD Alii, tobere euerp one map go ano toitclj at Iji? pleafure, ano take of tbe 
 sarcljfojDcuotion,a$s man? Do, 
 
zia The Engli{h Voyages ? Nauigations, Tbepilgr.to Mecca, 
 
 Of things without the City. 
 
 W3!tljouc tlje citp ano oncuetpfioearc moG faire preens, toitb manpfcuntames ofmoft 
 ftocettoater, infinite ponces, abuiioar.ee of fruity tuitlj nittrljijonEfl luitrg, fo tljat tits 
 place is berp pleafantano Delightful!, ^Ijiscttp ijatb tljjce gates, one of toljiclj is an Ijofpitall 
 cauftuto be built bpCaflachi/alktitSjeSlofejiuljoijasteifctoSultanSolimangranBfatterti) 
 t'rjiS cntpcrour, ^IjefapDljofpitaUljatijnouciljcelstooDjtljptnenticn.fauetljztitipfatreipbiiat, 
 ano Ijatij large rc.jenues belonging thereunto, ants nourilbctb manp poo?e people, a mile from 
 the citp are ccrtainc bonCcs toljercof tbep affirme one to be tbe fame,totjere Mabume t in ljts life= 
 timeotoelr, 'CljisboufeljatboneuerpfiDeberp manp faire Date teres, amotigfttobicb there are 
 tUJo iBljtcljcsfolaout ofone fiocke eicceetiingfjtg^ atxu trjefctbeprap^rjetr T^ycpljet grarTefitottlj 
 bis otone bano : tljc fruit tljcreofisaltoapesfent to Conftaminopie, tobep?cfentebbntotbe 
 Grand Signior , ano is fapo to be tljat bletfec fruit ofttje $?op!jet. jftcre bnto tlje bate trees is a 
 faire fountaine of cleere arm facet toater , tlje tebtclj bp a contact pipe is bjottgtjt into tlje cttp of 
 Medina. Slfo ttjcrs is a little Mofquita, loljecciti t!;jee places are ccunteo Ijolp, ants greaclv re* 
 tterenceo : theBcfi tbep affirme, that tljettlpiopbet mace Ijisfirflpjaper in, after bekneto (Sob : 
 tbe fecono is tljac toljitljer be toent toljcn be tosulo fee tbe Ijolp boufe of Abraham, tobcre ttben 6c 
 fate Dotone to tljat intent, tbep fap tlje mountaines opencoftom the toppe to tbe bottome to ujeto 
 Ijimthehoufe, ano after clofeo againe as before t tlje tbiro bolp place is in tljcmioll of tbefapTi 
 Mofquita,tohcreis a tombe mane of lime anb ftonc fourcfquare,ano full of fanb,torjercin,tbcpfap, 
 toas burieo tljat bleffeD camcll tobiclj Mahumet toas altoapes toccnt to rice upon* ©n tbe otbee 
 fibe of tbe citp are otber tombes of bolp Spabumetans , anb euerp one of tbem bacb a tombe built 
 uponfourepillers, amongttto&tcbtljjeetoere tbe companions of Mahumet, totoit, Abubacar, 
 Ottoman, ano Omar ; all tobieljareDillteD ofttje pilgrims as bolp places, 3 
 
 The offering of the veftures vnto the fepulchres. 
 
 Tl£)e Carouan being come to Medina ttoo hemes befojc cap, sno retting tbere till tbe eue-- 
 ning,tljc captaine tljen )sith bis companp ano other pilgrims fcttetlj fojtoard,toitb tbe grea* 
 teG pompepoffible; anb taking toitb him tbe bemiretobicb is mabe in matter of a ppjamis, toitb 
 manp otber of goiDe ana Hike, oepartetlj, going tbo?oto the mioft of tlje citp, bntill be come to tlje 
 Mofquka,to!jere bauing p?aicb,be pjefentctlj bnto tlje ttmbe of Ijis pjepbet (toljere tbe eunuctjs 
 receitting bancs arc reabp) tlje bctture fo? tlje fapb tombe : anb certaine cunuebs entring in take 
 atoap tljcolb bel!ure,ano lap on tlje neto,buming tbe elbe one, ano biuioing tlje golbe tbereof into 
 cqttall potions. 3fter this are pjefcntco otber bettures fo? tbe ornament of tlje Mofquita . aifo 
 tbe people toitboutoeliuerunto tbe eunucljs ecljman fometobattotouclj tlje tombe tberetm'tb, 
 tohicb tbepkeepe asareliquetoitlj great Deuotton, Cbis ccrcmonp being enoeo , tbe captaine 
 rcttctb in Medina ttoo capes , to tbe enb tbe pilgrims map 6nfff? tljeir bettotion anb ceremonies : 
 ano after tljep Depart to Iambor. agooo capes iournep tbence is a tteepe mountatne,ouet toljicb 
 is no pailage, fauing bp one narrcto patb callec Demir Capi, toljicb toas m times pal! callec tlje 
 gjjon gate. ® f tijis gate tije spabttmetans fap, tljat Ally tlje companion ano fottne in lain of Ma- 
 hume:,bcir.g bere pttrfucobp manp CbjiSians, ano comming bnto tljts mountaine, not feeing a« 
 nptoap toijerebp to flee,D?eto out bisftoojo,ano Unking the fate mottntaine,ciuioco it in funocr, 
 anopafftng tbojotofattco bis life ontbeotljcrfioe, 9^o?couer, tljis Alii among tlje perfians is 
 Ijao in greater reuecence tljen Mahume^toljo affirme,tbat the fapo Alii Ijatlj cone greater things 
 anc mo?e miraculous tljen Mahumet , ano therefore tljep efleeme bimfo? <$od almigljtp Ijig fcl« 
 iola, l$at to returne toourmatter,tlje captaine toitb tlje carouan tuitbinttoo oapts after retur* . 
 netb fo? Cairo,ano commtng to Ezlem, finoetb tberea captaine toitb tlj?eefco?e ljo?fcs come tbi« 
 tljer to b?ing rcfreiljments to tbe faio captaine of tbe pilgrimage,aS alfo to fcllbnto tlje pilgrims! 
 fome bictuais* jfrom tljencc tljep fet fojtoaro , ano commingto Birca toitbinttoo leagues of 
 Cairo, tbere is tlje matter of tlje boute of tlje Baffha of Cairo toitlj all bis bowmen come tljitbec 
 to recciuebim,toitlj a fumptuous ano coftlp banket maoe at tbe cott of tlje Bafha fo? tbe captaine 
 ano bis retinue, toljoafterljeistoellrefrenjeooepartetljtotoarDtljecalileof Cairo tofalutetbe 
 Bafha, toljo recciuing Ijim toitlj great top ano glaoneffe in token of gooo toil pjclentetb bim 1mjc& 
 a garment of clotlj of goloe uerp riclj : ano tbe captaine taking tbe Akaron out of tbe cljeft pjefen* 
 tctb it to tlje Bafha, toljo batting kiffeo it,commanoetb to lap it bp againe, ;§)ome tbere are toljiclj 
 affirme, tbat being arriueo at Cairo, tljep kill tljat gooclp camell tobicfj earned tlje Akaron, ano 
 eateljim; toljiclj isnothingfo t foj tfjepace fo fuperiftctoug co tfje concrarp , tljattogainealltbe, 
 
 toojlo. 
 
M.Cafar Frecie) ic^. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 213 
 
 to ojlo tbcp tooulo not kill Ijtm. 15ut if bp cafualtpbe iboulO Die, m this cafe IjapppanDbleflfD 
 tijep tljinke tt)cmfelttes,tobicb can get a mojfell to eat t anti tbusmuclj concerning tlje bopagc of 
 tbe capcatne of the carouan of Cairo. 
 
 The voyage and trauell of M. C<efar Fredericke } Marchant of Venice , 
 into the East India. s and beyond the Indies. Wherein are conteined the cu- 
 
 ftomes and rices of thole countnes,the merchandifes and commodities, ai well of golde 
 andiiluer, asfpices,drugges, pearles, and other iewels: tranflated out of Italian by M. 
 Thomas Hick»cke. 
 
 CxCar Fredericke to the Reader. 
 
 Hauing (gentle Reader) for the {pace of eighteeneyeeres continually coa- CsfirFrofcridce 
 (ted and trauelled, as it were, all the Eaft Indies, and many other ccuntreys leine veins in 
 beyond the Indies, wherein I haue had both good and ill iuccefle in my tra- tbt Eaft Indles ' 
 uels: and hauing feene&vnderftood many things woorthythenoting,and 
 to be knowen to all the world,the which were neuer as yet written of any :I 
 thought it good (feeing the Almighty had giuenmegracc,after lo long pe- 
 rils in pafsing fuch along voyage to returne intomineownecountrey, the noble city of Ve- 
 nue) I lay , I thought it good, as briefly as I could, to write and fee forth this voyage made by 
 me , with the maruellous things I haue feene in my trauels in the Indies: The mighty Princes 
 thacgouernethofecountreys, their religion and faith that they haue, the rites and cuftomes 
 wh:ch theyvfe, and line by, ofthediuers iuccefle that happened vntome, andhowmanyof^ 
 thciecoumreys are abounding with ipices,drugs,andiewels,giuingalfo profitable aduertife- 
 ment to all thofe that haue a defire to make fuch a voyage. And becaufe that the whole world 
 may more commodioufly reioyce at this my trauell, I haue caufed it to be printed in this order: 
 andnowlprefeutitvntoyoti (gentle & louing Readers) to whom for the varieties of things 
 heerein conteined, I hope that it fhall be with great delight receiued. And thus God of his 
 goodnefle keepc you. 
 
 A voyage to the Eaft Indies, and beyond thclndies,8cc. 
 
 JQ tl)C pete Of our Lo?0 ©oB 1 5 <5j , 3 Ca:far Fredericke being in Venice,anrj be- Cftt aitthours 
 >rpocfirous to fee tiie<£att parts of tlje toojlb, ujippcDmpfclfeinaujippecab ISwJw" 
 I Ieo the Gradaige of Venice, toitlj cercainc marcIjanotCic, gouerncbbv9i9,laco- anoTripoiyj 
 mo Vatica,bjl)icl) teas bounrj to Cyprus toitbbis fljip, Uottrjrjofjom 31 toent: nno 
 ] toljen toe toere arriuerj in Cyprus, 3 left that fljip, and toent in a Icflerto Tripoly 
 in Soria, tobcre 31 ffapcb a toljile. Sftcrtoarn 31 tooke mp iourncp to Alepo,anrjtI)erc 31 acqttain» 
 ten mp fclfe toitlj marcbants of Armenia, anb spoo^eSjtljat toere marcbants ; attD confo?tcD to go 
 toitbtrjemtoOrmus, anb tocebepatteb from Alcpo, airtinttoobapesiournepanoabalfc, toee 
 came to a citp calico Bir. 
 
 Of the city called Bir. 
 
 Blrt0afmaIIcitpbcrpfcarfeofaUniancrofbicttial0,anbnertbntot()etoflHc0oft[)ecitprun'' 
 netlj tlje riuerof Euphrates. 3|n tljis citv tlje marcijantiS Diuioe cljcmfeiticB into compantw, 
 acco jotng to their mercbanoife tljat tijcp haue , anb tljere either tbcp bup 0? mate a boat to carrp 
 them auo their goobS to Babylon Dotone tlje riuer Euphrates, toitljrhargcofa mailer ariD ma- Q&timtit. 
 riners to tonnuct tlje boatintlje bopagc : tbcfe boats are in amaner flat bottomeo,pet tbcp be be= phiaKSl 
 rp flrong : aitD foj all that trjep are fa ttrong, tbep toill ferue but foj oneucpage, "Sbcpare mane 
 accojbmg to tlje fljoloncffeofthe riucr, becaufe that tlje ritier is inmanp places full of great- 
 Cones, tobtcljgreatlp binoeranc trouble thofetbat goe botone tlje riucr. ^befeboats fcrucbuc 
 fo? one bopageootottc tlje riucr bnto a billage calleb Feluchia, becaufe it is impofliblctobjtng 
 tbembp the riuer backe againc. at Feluchia tbe marcbants plucke tljeir boats in pieces, 0? clfe 
 fcUtbmtfo^fmallpjice, fojtljatat Bir tbep coB tbe marcbants fo jtp 0? ftftp cljickens a piece, 
 anothepfelthem at Feluchia fojfeueno? eight chickens a piece,becaufctbattohentl;c marcbants **««•« town 
 returne from Babylon backe againe, if tljep Ijatie marcljanbife } goons tljat otoctb eufiome,then ™f °" Eupl "" 
 tbepmaketbeir returne in fo?tp capes thojototbe toilbcrnelTe , palling tljat toap toitlj a great 
 tealelelfer cbarges then tbe otbettoap. anb if tljep baue not marcbanrjrfe that otoctb ctiQome, 
 thentbepgocbp tljetoapofMoful, toljere it cottetlj tfjcm great charges both the Carouan ano MoM 
 
 company. 
 
21^. The EngMi Voyages,Nauigations, M.Cafar Fredet ick^ 
 
 companp. ff rem Bir tobrre the marcbants imbarkc tljnnfciucs to Fcluchia otter againfl Baby- 
 Ion , if tlje riuer Ijatte gooo ftoje of mater, thep (ball maketburbopage in fifcEcncojctsbteenc 
 capes cotnne the riuer, ano if the toater be lobJe, ano it hath not raineo, trjen it is muclj trouble, 
 ano it toil! be fo?tp o j fiftp capes ioumep ootone,becaufe that toben the barks llrtke en tfee (tones 
 tbatbetntljertucc, then tbep mull bnlaoetbcm, tobicbisgreat trouble, ano tijeu lane tljema* 
 gatne toben tljephauemenocotljem j therefore it is not neceffarp , neither ooc tbe marcbantB 
 go with oiie boat alone, but toitbttooo? tbjee, rijatifone boat fplft ano belotrtottbflrikt'ngoit 
 the ujoIccb , thep map Ijatte another rcaop to take in tljetr gooes , bnttll (itch time as tljcp batte 
 inenoco tlje bjo* e boat, ano if tljcp D?aU) the broken boat on lane to menD her, it is bare to oefentt 
 bet in the night from tlje great multttuoc of 9rabtans tljat taill come oolnne there to robbe pou; 
 ano in tbe rittrrs cttcrp night , toljcti pou make fafi pour boat to the banckeftoe , pott mtiff kecpe 
 sEBiMrabfait gooo match agninff tlje Arabians tuhtcb are tfeeeu.es in number likcto ants, pet when tbep come 
 rnimbfr use" to robbe,tljep totll not kill,bttt fteale tt run atuap* Cparquebtt jes are beep gooo weapons againtt 
 to mmb. t | )Eni) f j tijat tljcp (tano grcatlp in feare of tlje fftot- Sue as. pou paffe tl;e riuer Euphrates from 
 Bir to Fcluchia, tbcre are certetn places bjbicljpoumufipafrebp.lubcrcpcunapcuffomecertaine 
 medinesbponabale, mljiclj cutfomets belonging to tbe fonneof Aborile kingof tbe Arabians 
 aub of tlje ceftrt, tobo Ijatb cewaint cities ano billages on tlje riuer Euphrates, 
 
 F 
 
 JL o 
 
 Feluchia and Babylon. 
 
 *EIuchia is abilfage to^cre tbep that come from Bir ooe bnbarkc tbenifelues ano bnlaoc tljeic 
 gooos , ano it is oitfant front Babylon aoapes icurnep ano an balfc bplano : Babylon is no 
 Si? nam awat" S ccat ^P i bm " < s beep populous , ano of great trace of ftrangcrs becatifc it is a grot tljojoto' 
 
 trateSntar* fore fo J Perfia, Turku, atlC Arabia : atlDbirp oftcntimcstljcit gOCCllt fromtljCnCeCarouans 
 
 tuaiitamu. iarooiuerscountreps : ano tbe citp is berp copious of bictuals, toljiclj comme out of Armenia 
 soune the rittcr cf Tygris , on certamc Rattans 0} Baffcs maoe of blotoen [jioes 0} fkinnescal* 
 Ice Vtrij. Cbts riuer Tygrjs coed) Uiaftj the todies of tbe cltpjpefe Raffes are bounc fall toge« 
 tber , ano that tljcp lap boaros on tlje afo jefapo Women f kinnes , anc on the boarCs tbe p lace tbe 
 cemmooittes, ano to come tljcp to Babylon tohcrc tljcp bnlaoetbcm, ano being bnlaocn, tbep let 
 out tbe toinoe out of tbe f kinnes , ano lace them on cammels to make another bopage» 'Sljis cup 
 of Babylon tsfituate in tbcfemgooineof PerGa, btitnoto gouernec bp tbe Quirks, 2Dn tljeotbct 
 fioe of tijeitucrtotoarDS Arabia, otter aptnw tije citp, tljere is a faire place o? tolnne, anc in it a 
 faiieBazarrofoH««c^ats,li)itlji3crpmanploOgi!igs,U)ljerctbegreatcCpartoftbcmarcbants 
 « biibac maoe fi ran S Er3 ft]^ come t0 Babylon co lit toitb tljctc marcbanflijc. Clje pafTtngouer Tygris from 
 of boats. Babylon to this TSojougb. is bp a long ujtoge maoe of boatcs cbatneo together tottlj great 
 cbatnes : p?ouicec , that toftratberiacrtoaicctb great luttb tljeabtinoanccoframctbntfalletlj, 
 ttjen tbep open tbe b?ioge in tlje miccle , tuljerc the one baifc of tlje bjicge falletb to tbe toalleB of 
 Babylon, ano tlje other to tlje brinks of this "Bo ?ottgb,o« tlje other ftoe of the riuer : ano as long 
 as tljebjioge is open, tbep pafTe the riuer in fmall boats Unth great oangcr, becattfe of tljefmal= 
 neffe of tlje boats , ano tlje euerlactitg of them , tljat iBitlj the fiercencfle of the Breame tbep be o= 
 ucrt!j?o'u)en, o? els tlje ttreame ootb carp tljcm atuap.fo tljat bp this meanep,manp people are loft 
 ano ejotoneo : tljtg tljtng bp p joofe 3 baite manp times feene. • 
 
 Tl 
 x 
 
 Of the tower of Babylon. 
 
 "•IpC ^Otocrof Nimrod 0} Babel is lituate on tljat GoeofTygris trjat Arabia is(, anOttta 
 
 berp great plaineoiflant from Babylon feuenoj eigljt miles : tu^iclj totocrisruinateoon 
 
 euerpftoe, anc toitb tlje falling of it there is mace a great mountaine t fotbatitljatljnofojmeat 
 
 all, pet tljere is a great part of it flanoing, tobicb is compaffee ano almofl couerco Ttuitb tlje afo?e* 
 
 enefc bitrha ^ ^^"S 3 : tb '3 ?CoU3ectoas builoeo ano maoe of fottrefquare lEJjickes.tobicbBjMes toere 
 
 bp m mirhnca maoe of earth , ano Djt'eo in tlje ^unne in matter ano fomtc follotoing : firfi tljcp lapeo a lap of 
 
 %?* ["hd «' IbWkcz, tljen a ©at maoe of Canes, fquare as tlje 'B jitkes, anc in fleao of lime, tbep oattbeo it 
 
 foot s a naifc tntel) eartlj : tljefe Sgats of Canes are at tbts time fo ft rong , tljat it is a tljing tooonccrfull to be* 
 
 (quart. ijoltic , bcingoffuclj great antiquitp 1 31 Ijau? gone rouno about it, ano Ijaue not founoanp place 
 
 lxiljere tljere Ijatb bene anp oooje oj. entrance ? it map be in mp iuogement in circuit about a mile, 
 
 ano ratljcr leffe then moje, 
 
 Cljis iZLotocr in effect iscontrarp to allotljer things boljicb are feenc afar off, fo? tbep ferine 
 finally tlje mo je nere a man commetij to tljent tlje bigger tbep be: but tljts tolner afar off fcemetft 
 a berpgreattbing, anctljenererpoucometotttbeleffee. S^piucgementetreafonoftbists.tbat 
 
 becaufe 
 
Ad. Qafar Frederic!^ Traffiques,and Difcoueries. z 15 
 
 hecaufe the hotter is fee m a toerp great plaine , ano hatlj nothing mo?e about to make anp fljem 
 fautngtljertttnesoficmbicbicljacbmaoerounoabout , arm fo? this refpect ocfcrpmgicafarre 
 off, tljat piece of tlje Joiner lubtcb pet ttanDctb mitb ttjc mountamc that is mane of tlje fubttancc 
 that hatb fallen from it, maketh a greater ujetai tbenpou (ball finne comming necre to it, 
 
 Babylon and Bafora. 
 
 FTElom Babylon 3 neparten fo? Bafora , flipping mp ftlfe in one of the barks tbatbfe to go in 
 the riucr ligrisfrout Babylon to Bafora,anDfrom Bafora to Babylon: mbiclj barks are mane 
 after the maner of Fulls o? Galliots mitb a g>peron ano acouercopoope : thep Ijaueno puinpe in 
 them becatife of ttje great abunoance of pice!) mijicb tljrp banc to pitch, them mith all : tuljicb pitclj Zbn^mt^ 
 tijep batte in abunoance tiro napes iouraep from Babylon. 53erebuto tlje riucr Euphraces,thcre mttptm 
 ~i$ a citp cnlleo Heit, nere onto mijiclj citp there is a great plaine full of pitclj, berp marttellous to $$ ^,"' t °" 
 fceboloe, anb a tbing altnott increnible,tbat outof a bole in tlje rartb, mbich continuallp tljjotuctlj ^atct * putu 
 out pitch into the aire mith continual! fmoake,tbispitcb is tb?omenmitb fitch fo?ce, that being JR'uepw 
 rjoc it falletb like as it mere fp?incklen ouer all tbeplaine, in fucrj abunoance that tlje plaine is al= 3««» m^e 
 luapes full of pitch : tlje Mores aim tlje Arabians of tljat place fap , tljat tljat bole is tlje rnoutlj of \%f$ j$ vn«'« 
 Ijell: aim in trttetb, itisathmgucrpnotabletoucmarkeo : ano op this pitch tlje toljole people ternriiiKtB in- 
 sane great benefit to pitch their barks, mijicb barks tbepcall Daneck ano Safin. JKBljenthcri* pto««,anbi"" 
 uer of Tygris is toell replentujeo mitb toater, pou map patfe from Babylon to Bafora in eight o? ,,, «H"»6 *" '"' 
 nine Dapes, aim fometimes mo?e aim fometimes leffe : toe toere balfe fo mttclj mo?e mijiclj is 1 4 u u'er "sA?* 
 0? 1 5 oaies,bccatife tbe maters mere Iomitljep map faileoap 9 ntgbt.ano there are fome places in SSnormfSS 
 tljis map inhere pou pap fomanp rnedins on a baile: if tlje maters be loiae,it is 1 8 Dapes iourncp, ano bjimiion*, 
 
 Bafora. 
 
 BAfora isacitpoftrje Arabians, tohiclj ofolOe timebjas gouerneo op tbofe Arabians calico 
 Zizarij, but notn it is gouerneo bp tlje great '©urkcmijere be keepetljanarmptotjisgrcat %m>j,««mti* 
 c&arges. . m » tD » u ' 
 
 %ty Arabians calico Zizarij Ijattc tbe potteffion of a great countrep , ano cannot be cttercome 
 of the 'SCutke.bccaufe tljat tlje fea batlj nittioen their ccuntrep into an ijlano bp channels nn'tlj tlje 
 ebbing anb flouring of tlje fea , anb fo? tfjac caufe tlje ©urke cannot b?ing an armp agatnft tbcm, 
 neither bp Tea no ?bpIano, anb another rcafonis, tbe inhabitants of that aiano are berp ftrong 
 anD marlike men, a napes tournep before pou come to Bafora , pou fijall haue a little cattle 0? 
 fo?t , mijich is fet on tljat point of tlje lano mljcre tlje raters of Euphrates ann Tygris meet toge* ciS' SJ St 
 tber, anb the cattle is calico Coma : at tljis point, tlje tmo riuers make a monttrous great riucr, *x&Lm am 
 • tljat runnetb into tbe fea,mbiclj is calleb tlje gulfe of Perfia.mbicb is f oinarns tlje <%>outb : Bafo. T y§ r,s6B '"«»• 
 ra is niflant from tbe fea fifteene miles, ann it is a citp of great trabe of fpices ann nmggcs mijich 
 tome from Ormus. 3lfo tljere is great floje of co jne,Eice, ann Dates, mijicb tlje countrep noth 
 peeln, 3[ ujippen mp felfe in Bafora to go fo? Ormus, ann fo me faileo tljoijom tlje iperltan fea fir 
 rjuno?eo miles, mbiclj is tljenittance from Bafora to Ormus, ann mefailen in fmall ujips inane of 0rmus (B % 
 Ijoarns, bounn together mitb fmall co?cs 0? ropes, ann in tteaO of calking tljep lap betmeene eue< ffill ants* 
 rp boarn certaine ttram mijicb tbtp baue , ann fo tbep fome boarn ann boarn together , mith tlje UI0 " B - 
 flram betmeene, mberctbo?om tljere commetlj mttclj mater, ann ihep are »erp oangerous. Dc-- 
 parting from Bafora me patfen 200 miles mitlj tlje fea on our rigbt ljann,along tlje guife,bntil at 
 length me arriuen at an 31lann callen Carichij ,fro mijece me fatten to Ormus in fight of tlje p erfi- f^\ ?" ^ g 
 an Q)0}t on tlje left Cne,ann on tlje right fine tomarns Arabia me nifcouereo infinite 31launs, of p«c«? BU e 
 
 Ormus. 
 
 ORmus is an 3Ilann in circuit Sue ann tmentpojtljirtp miles, ann it is tbe harrenrttann SSJJ^fJ^ 
 mottn?ie31lanDinaIltbemo)lo, becaufetljatinit there isnotbtngtobefjan, butfaltma= mnjtsiBitu 
 ter, ann moon, all other things necettarp fo? mans life are brought out of Peifia tmelue miles off, J^,";^"^ 
 arm out of otljcr 3!lannsncere thereunto aniopning, in fuch abunnance ann quantitp, tljat tlje citp yet ujt ms 
 is albjapcsreplenilhcn mitb all maner of flo?e: there is Canning neerebnto the matevsfioe abe^ SroujMS*n 
 rp faire cattcll, in ilje mbich the captaine of tljeking of Portugallis aimapes rettnent mitlj a goon id« sjaiiu. 
 uann of po?ttigalles, ann befoje tljis cattell is a berp faire pjofpect : in tlje citp nrndl tlje marten 
 men, fouloiersanomarchantsofeuerpnation, amongttmijom there are Moores ann Gentiles. ©jfAttratirdf 
 3in tljiis citp tbere is »erp great trane fo? all fojts of fpices, njugges, ttlhe, cloth of Clke, bjocar= |JJ % t ^ )lb 
 
 no, 
 
21(5 TheEnglifti Voyages,Nauigations, M.Qafar Frederick^ 
 
 bo, anaDiucrsotljerfojtsoi'marcljanoifccomcoiicof Perria : ano aiiwngit another iraocs of 
 mercljaiiDife, the trace of Cpojfes is berp great there, torjiclj tl^rp rattp frcm iljtncc into the In- 
 dies. £ljis3!lanDbatlj aQ£)oojeking of tlje race of t^c lp£rKan0, toljo is creaceD ano maoe King 
 <cttt ciKtton bptbc£aptaineoftbecauMe,int[jcnameof the ktngof Portugal!. 3t the creation of i fats king 3J 
 of ute Hma of toas tljcre , ano fato the reremamcB trjat tljtp bfe in it , toljiclj are as foltotoctb, Z be oioc Sing: 
 onnus. being DcaD, tbe Captaine oftlj^ H3ojtugals cbttfetlj another of tlje blooo rr>p,?.ll, nnn ltrafectij tfcta 
 
 ekctiontntljccaflletoitbgreatcercmonies, ano toljcn bee is electee, tfceCaptatnc ftucarctlj 
 Ijfm to be true ano faitbfull to tbe fiing of Portugali, as bis iojo ano tSouernour, ano then ljc gi> 
 ttetlj Ijtm tlje ^cc pter regal!, after tljis iwttrj great feafling $ pompe, ano toitlj gre*t rompanp, 
 Ijc is b?otta,ljt into tlje ropall palace in tlje citp,. ©bisftingkeepctbagoootninc, {.ntitailjfuf* 
 ficient reuemtcs to matntame bimfclfe toitljout troubling of anp, becatifetlje Captaineoftfce 
 caSlc ooetij nuintcine ana Defcmi Ijis tight , ano toljen tbat tbe Captainc ant> be rice trgctljer, Ije 
 is bonnurec as a king, pet be cannot rite abjoao toitbljis traine, toitbout tie content of tlje Crp« 
 tainefiruHjao: itbehosuctbtljcnuoooetljts, anoitisneceffarp, becaufe of tlje great tn;Ot tljat 
 is in tlje citp : their pjopcr language is tlje Perfian tongue, ©here 3! flj.ppeo mp felfe to goc fo j 
 G oa j a citp in the Indie s 3 in a fljippe tbat Ijao fourefcc?e ljo?feS in ben Sfcis is to aoucrttfc ujcfe 
 ^arcljants tljat go from Ormus to Goa tou;ippetbernfclt!esintljcfcn;ipi»cst!;atcarrpbo?fe«, 
 %¥t$mta° l becaufe eucrp foippe tljat carrietljttoentpbojfcsc? bptoarcsispjiutlegeo, tljatalitbematcbi'n* 
 oifetoljatfoeuer tbtpcarrp ftjallp.ip nocutfome, iubereas t^je f^ippes tbatcatrp no bojics are 
 bcttuc to pap tight per cento of all tie gooes tbep tying. 
 
 GJ 
 
 ■ 
 
 Goa, Dio, and Cambaia. 
 
 >Oa is tie principal! citp that the ^ejittgr.Is bauc in tlje Indies , tofjerc i$ refjoetic tf;e 
 fOiceroptottbljis Court anominiirers oftljeEing of Portugal!. 4Frcm Cnrrus toGoais 
 nine butiojto foure Ccojc ano ten miles otfance , in toljiclj paHace tlje firC citp tbat pott ccmr to 
 
 »iu. in tlje Indies, is calico Din, ano is fiiuate in a little 3ilano fu tlje klngcone of Cambaia. tobtcb «8 
 
 the greateilflrengtlj that tlje po?tugals Ijaue in all tbe Indies, pet a fiv.all citp, tut cf great 
 trace, becaufttljcretbcplaccbeipmanp great Q;ipsfcjt!jtfiraigl;tscf Mecca ancOrmusDjiilj 
 marcljanoifc, ano tbefc fljippes belong to tbcS@oo?es anoCbj/.ttians, luttleSftocjes can net 
 traceneitljcrfaileintotbofefeasttitbout tlje Itccrtccoftfceaitcfropoftlje king ofl'ojtugdl, 6* 
 tbcrtoife tbep arc taken ano mace gooo p2ifcs, £be marcbancifc that ttjr p lat e t be fc Cjips teitlj« 
 
 omb»;«ia. all commetijfro Cambosetta a po?t in tbekingoomc of Cambaia, tobicb tbepbjir.g frcm tbence 
 in fmall barks,bccauft there cau no great bjippes ceme tljitljer, bp reafinof tie C.-clrn: ITe of tie 
 mater tljeteaboutss , ano tlKfeujclosare an buno?eco?fottrefco?e miles aboutinaCraicbtcj 
 gulfe, tobiclj tbep call Macareo, Djljitbisasnuicljtofap^asaraceofatioe, becaufe ttjeVaatcri 
 tljcre run out of tljat place luitboutmeafure, fo tbat tljcre ts no place like to it, bnltft it be tntlje- 
 
 i kingcomeofPegu, ltljeretljereisariotljcrMacareo, toljeretl;eicaters runout lritbmcjirfojce 
 
 tljcntljcfeooe, ©be pjincipall citp in Cambaia is catlccAmadauar, itisafapestourntpano 
 an balfe from Cambaietta,it is abcrp great citp ano SjerppopulouSjflnc fo? acttpof tbc Gentiles 
 tt is berp totll mf.oe ano builoeo toitb faire boufes ano large Greets , toitb a fairc place in it trntfj 
 manp njippes, ano in IbcrjJ like to Cairo,but not fo great : alfo Cambaietta is Otuate on tlje feast 
 ftoc, ano ts a ucrp faire citp, ^e time tljat 3! toas tbere, tl;e citp teas in great calamity a fcarfc 
 netfc, fo tbat 31 baue tone rfje men of tbe cauntrep tbat mere Gentiles take tljetr cljilo?en , tljeic 
 fonncs ano tbeiroaagbters,ano batteoetireo tIjel^o?tugaIs tobuptljcm,ano3; baue tone tbcm 
 foloc fo j eigbt 0} ten larines a piece, toljicb map be of our monep r.s, o? riii.s. iiiun, Jfo? all ibis, 
 if3!baonotfceneic, 35coulonotbauebeleeueo tbat tbere Djoulobe fneb a trace at Cambaietta 
 as tbere is : fo? in tlje time cf etterp ncto Cpoone ano euerp full SJIJoonc, tbe fmall barks (imutme* 
 table) come in ano out , fo? at tljofe times of tlje ^oone tbe tices ano luaters are Ijtgljer itym at 
 otljec times tljcp be. Cljf fe barkes be laccn toitb all fojts of fptccs, toitbCIkeof China, toitb 
 Sandols , toitlj Clepljants teetb , fllelttets of Vercini, great quantitpof Pannina, tobiclj com* 
 mctlj from Mecca , Chickinos tobicb be pieces of goloe tooojtlj feuen fijillings apiece ffcrling, 
 toitlj monep, ano toitb Bitters fojts of otber marcljanoije, 9lfotbefe barks lace out, asittoere, 
 an infinite qttantttp of clotlj maceof Kttmbaftof allfo?ts, as tobite CampeocnopainttD , toitlj 
 great quantttpofIndico,D?ieo ginger ^con{erueD,MyrabolansD?ie ano ccnoiteBoraibinpafle, 
 great l3o?e of fugar , great qttantttp of Cotton, abmtoance of Opium , AfTa Ft tida , Puchio, 
 toitlj manp other fo?ts of ojugges, turbants mace in Dui, great flones like to Comcolaes, 
 
 Granats, Agats, Diafpry , Calcidonij , Hematifts , aliD feme ki'nOe of naturcll D'cmenDS. 
 
 %\}t reig in tlje citp of Cambaietta an o?cer 3 but no man is botmo to keege it, but tyq t&at toi!i ; 
 
 bus 
 
'Ad.Cafar Frederic!^ Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 217 
 
 kill! 
 
 butautljepojtugairmarcbantskccpcit, tljetDljicljis tljts, 'S.ljere are iutljts city certame B?o= 
 kcrstoljiclj are<$entiIesano of great autbo?ttp, ano Ijatie euerp eneoftbem fiftceneo?ttuentp 
 feruants, ano tlje 90arcljants tbat bfc tbat cotmtcep Ijaue tIjeirTtjjokcrs, toitlj luljiclj tljcp be fee 
 ueo : ano tbep tbatljaue not bene there are info?imo bp tljeir fticiiDs of tlje o?ocr,ant!of:uiI;atb?a* 
 fcertljepujallbeferueD. jaoto cuerpfif£ccncoai>es (as aboucfapo) tljac t!jg fleet of fmall f^jiispcs 
 "enttctbintotbcpo?t, tlje 73 jokers come to the UoaterfiDc, anotljefe SJ&arrljants aflooueastljep 
 set come tin lanD , do giuc t!je cargafon of all tljeir gooos to tljat 35?ok.er tljat tljcp toill banc to do 
 ib ere bufmeffe fo? cftc m, toiclj tfjemar&s of all tljc faro'lcs ano packs tljcp Ijaue t ana t&e marcljanc 
 fjauing taken on lann all Ijis furniture fo? Ijts boufe, becaufe it is nccofuli tljat tlje fj&arc'ljants tljat 
 traDeto[bclndie5.carpp?omuflnofijoufljoioetoirijtbem,becaulitbatmciterpykceuibcretbcp ^arr&ants 
 tbep cometljep nwtll ijaue a ttetu Ijdttfc , tbe33?oKcnbacbaf5'r^'cittc^b!Scargafou,com!timt= [SJiSta'"^ 
 Bct&ljis feruants to catrp tbe sparcbants furniture foj bis boufe borne , ano loan it on fome cart, carpiVlt«o» 
 ano carrp it into tbe citp , toljere tbe 15?okers Ijaue. oiucra emptp boufes meet fo? tbe longing of fi^Ta tirf 
 SpardjantSjfurtufijcooneiptoitbbecffcoSjtablcSjtbaireSjantiemptp inrrcsfo? iuaccr:tbenttje 
 TSjoher faptlj to tbe ^arcljant , (Soe ano rcpofc pour felfe, anptakepour reft inibecitp, ^Lije 
 ~33?3ker tarrietlj at tlje toatcr fioe luttbcbe cargafon , and caufctb all bis gooos to be Difcbargca 
 "out of tbe ftjip.ann papetlj tlje cuff ome, ano caufctb it to be b?ougljc into tlje boufe uiljere tlje mar* 
 rbant lietb) tlje S^arcbant not knotting anp trjtng tijereof , ncitljer cuttomc, no? cljargcs. 'Sbefe 
 gooos bctug b?ougljt to tljis paffe into tijeljoufe of tbe Sparcljant , tlje looker ccmanoetlj of tbe 
 g© arcbant if Ijeljaue anp ncfire to felt bis gooos n? marcljanoife, at tlje pjifes tljat fuclj ttares are 
 JUio?t[j at tljat p?cfent time ': Gino if Ijeljatlj a Defoe tofell bis gooosp?efetttlp,tljen at tljat mftant 
 tlje J3?oker fe'.Ictlj tbcm attap. 9ftcr tljis tlje goiter faptb to tbe ©arcljant, pou Ijaue fo much 
 ofeucrp fo?t ofmarcbanDifencatanMlcareofeuerpcIjargc, anofomucljreaopnionep, Sno if 
 tlje Spavcljanc ttillimplopljis monep in otljetcommanities, tljcn tbe 25?oker telfetb Ijim tijac 
 fucljanDfucfj rommoDitiesttillccftfo muclj, put abeb jn bjttbout anp maner of charges, 3Llje 
 Sparcljant uuoerffanOing tbe effect, maketlj bis account 5 ano if be tljinfte tobtip o? fell at tlje p?i= 
 fes c.irrant/jegiuetlj o?oer to make bis :martlj3itoife attap :ano if Ijeljatlj commonitp fo? 20000 
 Diickets.all ftjalbc bartrcn 0? faloe atoap infifteiHte napes toitljout anp care 0? trouble $ anD ttben 
 as tlje sparrljant tljinketlj tbat Ije cannot fell Ijis gooos at tljcp?ife currant,be map tarp as long as 
 Ije mill, but tbep cannot be foloe bp anp man but bp tbat 35?ofcer tbat Ijatb taken tijem on lano ana 
 papeutbe cuftome ? annpercbaiKetarpingfometimesfo?fale of tljeir commooitp, tbepmake 
 goabp?bfit, anofometimesiofTe : but tbofemarcljanDife tljat come not o?m'nanIpettcrpfifteeRe 
 oapes, in tarping'fo? tlje falcof tljem, tbcre is great pjofit, ^tlje barfes tljat labeiti Cambaietta 
 go fo? Diu to lane tlje 3j:'ps tljat go from tljence fo? tlje flretgljts of Mecca ano Ormus, an? fome 
 go to Chaul ano Goa : ano tljefe fijips be berptuel appointeb,o? els are gttawen tottb tbe Arma- 
 daoftljepo?tugals, fo? tljat tljere aremanp Corfarieso?^p?ats inljicfj goe courflao; alongfE <s !M nioKor 
 tbatcoaS, robbing ano fpoiling : anbfo? fcare of tljefctbeeuestbereisnofafe failing in tbofe '^ r ' ,ofu, r atre 
 &as,buttoitbfljip0lierp:ui£U mauS*™ 
 
 fo?rfapD t 3Infinc,tbektngDomeofCambaiatsaplaceofgreattrarJe J ant3batbmucbooin3SanD• CaalbaiJ • 
 trafftciue tojttlj all men, altbouglj b'.tberto it Ijatb bene in tlje Ijanos of tp?ants, becaufe tljat at 75 
 peeres of age tlje true king being at tlje alfault of Diu, toss tljere flaine; luljofe name Sultan Ba- 
 du. St tbat time fourc 0? fiue captaines of tlje armp biuicec tljekingoome amongS tljemfelties, 
 ano etterp oneof tljem ujetoeo in Ijis cottntrcp tt)ljat tpjannp Ije cottlo : but tuitluc pjeres ago tlje 
 great Mogola90oo?ekingof Agra ano DelIy,fo?tp napes iournptoitljintljc lano of Amadauar, 
 became tlje gonernour of all tbe kingoome of Cambaia mitbout anp refinance, becaufe be being 
 of great potter ann fo?ce,neuifiug toljicb uiap to enter tlje lann lnitlj Ijis pcople.tbere teas not anp 
 man tSat tuoulo makeljimanp rcfiflance , altbougb tbep toerc tp?ants ano a beaSIp people, tbep 
 mere foone b?ougljt trnoer obenience. During tbe time a ouitlt in Cambaictta a fain bcrp mar« « mnwnwa 
 nellotts tbings : tljere toere an infinite number of artificers tljat maoe b?acelets calleo Mannij,o? [,", women? 1 
 bracelets of elepbants teetlj , of niuers colours, fo? tlje toomen of tlje Gentiles , mijicb Ijaue tljcic 
 armes full nerbebtnitb tbcm, 9nn in tljis occupation tljere are fpent tuerppeercmanptbou= 
 fannSofcTotonesttljereafontt)bereofistljis,tbattobentberecietljanptobatfoeueroftbcirkin s 
 0,?eo, tljen in Rgne ann tofecn of mounting ano fo?rou), tbep b?eake all tljeir b?acelets from tljeir 
 armes , ano p?efcnt Ip tbep go ano bup neui agafne , becaufe tljat tbep IjaO ratljer be toithout tljcic 
 meat tben ttitbout tbeir b?acelets, 
 
 • Daman* Balan. Tana* 
 
 H3uirigpaftet> Diu, 31 came to tlje fecond citp tbat tbe po?tugals Ijatte, calico Daman, (Icu* 
 ate in t&etercitojp of Cambaia, pittant from Diu anbunDjcoaiiD ttoentp miles : it is no 
 
 T totone 
 
i i i . * * — * — r ■■ i 
 
 21 8 TheEnglifti Voyages,Nauigations, Ad* fefar Frederic!^ 
 
 totoneof mercljawoife, faue Slice ano co?ne, aitu tjattj manp iuUagej3 bnocrtr, tot;er£tniunecf 
 
 peace tlje po?tugals take their pleafure,but in time of warre the enemies baue the fpoile of them; 
 
 in fuel; mtfc tljat tlje po?tugals (;aue little benefit bptljem. J2ert unto Daman pottfljalltjauc 
 
 Bafan, which is a filtbp place in refpect of Daman : in this place is Eice, Co?ne, anb timber to 
 
 TanaanTiaim wake ujippes anb gallies. ^miafmallDittance bepono Bafan is a little aianbcallebTana, a 
 
 moctEof odo- placcuerp populous with po?tugals, ^oo?es, anb ©entiles : tbefe baue nothing but Slice, 
 
 e^?? il;ere are manp makers of armefine, anoweauers of girblesof WooIlanDbumbaJftMackeami 
 
 rebbe like to gpoocbaries. 
 
 Of the cities of Chaul, and of the Palmer tree. 
 
 B€v onb this 3ilano pou fljall finbe Chaul in the firm t lane ; anb tljep are two cities , one of the 
 Pa?tugaIs,ano the other of the Sg)oo?es t that citp;wbi£btbepo?tugalsfeaue is GtuateIoW« 
 er then tlje other, anb goucrneth the mouth of the harbour, ami is berp If ronglp toalleb : ami as ic 
 lucre a mile anb an balfe nittmt from this is tlje citp of 99oo?es , gouerneo bp their king Zamai- 
 luco. 3jn the ttmeof Warres there cannot anp great fijips come to the citp of the flpoo?es,becaufe 
 the pojtugals with tbeitojoinance Will fintke them, ft? that tljep muttperfo?ce patfe bp the ca« 
 files of the lpo?tugals: both the cities are po?ts of the fca, anb are great cities, anbbauebnto 
 tljcm great traffique" ano trace of merchaneife, of all fo?tg of fpices, o?ugges, filke,clotlj of filfte, 
 Sandols, Marline, Verfine, Porcelaneof China, SHcluetS anl) Scarlets that COtnc from Por- 
 tugal , anb from Mcca : with manp other fo?tes of merchanbife. i&btti come euerp peere 
 fromCochin , anb fromCananortenne o?fifcecne great ujippes laocn With great JQutscureo, 
 ano With §>ugar mabc of the felfe fame jQuts calico Giagra : tlje tree Whereon thefe jBtttsooe 
 grow is calleb the Palmer tree x anb tfco?oWout all the Indies, anb efpeciallp from tbt3 place to 
 Goa, there is great abunbance of them, anoitis like to the Date tree, Sn tlje Whole too?lo 
 ttjereis not a tree mo?e profitable ano of mo?e goobnelte then this tree is, neither doc m n reape 
 ft much benefit of anp other tree as thep bo of this, there is not anp part of it but fcruetb fo? fome 
 bfe, anbnoneofitiswoo?tbptobcburnt. Klithtljetimberofthistreethep make ujippes With s 
 out the nurture of anp other tree, anb toitb the leaues thereof thep make failcs, ano with the fruit 
 thereof , which be a kinbe of Ji2uts, thep make Wine, anb of the Wine thep make Smgac anb Pla- 
 cetto, tohicbtoine ttjcp gather in the fp?ingcf the peere : out of tbemioble of the tree Where ton* 
 tinuallp there goctb o? runneth out white liquour like bnto Water , in that time of the peere thep 
 put a betfcll bnocr euerp tree, ano euerp euemng anb moaning thep take it aWap full, anb then ot» 
 Gilling it With fire it makecb a berp flrong liquour t ano then thep put it into buts, With a quantt» 
 tp of Zibibbo , White o? blackc ano in fljo?t time it is mabe a perfect toine* after this tl;ep make 
 of the $uts great tfo?e of oile : of the tree thep make great quantitp of boo?bcs! anb quarters ft? 
 builotngs. ©fthebatkeof this tree tljep make cables, ropes, anb other furniture fo?fijtppes, 
 ano, as thep fap , thefe ropes be better then thep that are mabe of l&empe, Chep wake of the 
 botecSjbectieoSjafrertheainbicsfalhion^nbScauafchesfo? merchanbife, Che leaues thep cue 
 berpfmall, anb Weaue them, ano fo make failes of them, fo?allmanerofu)ippmg, o?els»erp 
 fine mats, ano then the firfttinoe oftbetflut thep llampe, anb make thereof perfect Ockam 
 to calke ujippes, great anb fmall : anb of tlje haro barke thereof thep make fpoones anb otter bef* 
 fcls fo? meat , in fitch Wife that there is no part thereof tb?owen aWapo? calf to the fire, 2Hben 
 thefe ^ats be greene thep are full of an ercellent tweet Saater to b?inke : ano if a man be ebirflp, 
 toith the liquour of one of tlje S^ats he map fatif fie himfelfe : ano as tljt's I5ut ripenetb, theliquo? 
 thereof turnetlj all to ttcrnell. Chere goeth out of Chaul fo? Mallaca, fo? the Indies, fo? Macao, 
 fo?Portugall, fo?tljccoattsofMelinde, fo? Ormus, as it were an infinite number anb qnantitp 
 of gooos ano merchanbife that come out of tlje kingbome of Gambaia, as cloth of bumbait lnbice, 
 painteo,p?inteD, great quantitp of Indico, Opium, Cotton, <g>ilkcofeuerpfo?t, grcatlfD?e 
 of Borafo in Pafte,great fio?e of Fetida, great tto?e of p?on, co?ne, anb other mcrcljanbife, Che 
 g0oo?ckingZamalluco is of great potoer,as one that at neeo map commanb, gt Ijatlj in W «roy» 
 •BjMt oibt- tbio huno?eb thoufano men of toarre, ano bath great flo?e of artillcrp, fome of them mabe in pte« 
 iMure mate teg > fy^j f 0? t {, e i r greatnelTe can not bee carrteb to ano f ro : pet although thep bee mabe in 
 wfcruKM' pieces, tljep are focommooious that thep boo?ke toith them mar uellouBiuell, tohofeujotteisof 
 ***' fione, anb tljcre hath bene of that fljot fent bnto the king of Porrugall fo? tlje rarencs of tlje thing. 
 
 ^Ijecitptuljcrct^e kmgZamallucobathbisbeing, is within the lanb of Chaul feueno|ctgbt 
 capes iourncp, which citp is calico Abneger. dj?ecfco?e ano tenne miles from Chaul, totoaroiS 
 the Indies, is t!jepo?t of Dabul,an Ijauen of the king Zamallaco ; from tfeence to Goa is an brm* 
 
 b?eb anb fiftp miles, ''■"' 
 
 • Goa. 
 
M.Cafar Frederick Traffiques and Difcoueries. 219 
 
 Goa. 
 
 GOa is tbc principal! ctcp cljat tlje ipojtugals bnucm tbe Indies, tobereintbcaiccroptoitb 
 bis ropall Court is reftoenc , ano is to an aiano tobicb map be in circuit fine aiiD ttocntp o \ Wc cMtft 
 tljtrtpmtlcB : aim tbe citp toitl) tbe bojougbs is reafonablc btggc, ano foj a cittcof t!jc Indies it te f,'g"i8 »ane e ii 
 reafonablc fairc, but the 3lano is farce moje fairer j fo ? it is as it tore full of gooolp gardens, te= «B« lndi « 
 jileitiffjeD toitl) outers trees anb toitl) the Iflalmer trees as is afo?efapo. 'SLljis cup is of great tca= 
 fique fojaUfo^tsof tnarchmttiifctorjicl)tl)eptcaDetoitl)aUtntl)ore parts : ano tljc fleet tobicb 
 commctbeucrp pcere fromPormgall, tobicb nrefiueoj fire great thippestbat come oircctlpfoj 
 Goa , arritte there o?oinarilp tlje firth oj tenth of September, ano there tbcprcmatnc fonp 
 ojfiftpoapes, anti from tbence thepgoe to Cochin, toberetbeplaocfo;tPorcugalI, ann often 
 times thep laoe one fbippeat Goa anotbeotherat Cochin fojPortugall. Cochin tg BitJant from 
 Goa tbjeebunojeo miles, 'Cbecitpof Goaisittuatcinthekingeome of Diakanakingof the 
 gpoo?es, tohofc cljiefe citp is up in the rountrcp eight oapes iournep, ano is calk o Biiapor : this 
 feingis of great potoer.foj tohen 3 toas in Goa in the peere of our LojO 1 570, this king came to 
 gitieaflaulttoGoa, being encamped nccrcunto it bp a riuerfioetoitb an armpofttoobunojeo 
 tboufanomenoftoarre, aim be lap at this fiege fottreteene monetljs : intobicbtime there toas 
 peace toncluoco, anoasrepojt toentamongftbis people, there toas great calamttp anb mojtnlt* 
 tp tobicb b jeo amongft them in the time of SHinter, ano alfo killeo berp manp elephants. ®fym 
 in the peere of our iojo 1 5 67,3] toent from Goa to Bezeneger tbe cht'efe citpoftlje kingoome of 
 Narfinga eight capes iournep from Goa, toitbin tbe lano , in tljecompanp cfttoo other mer- 
 chants tobicb carcieo toitl) them tfjiec bttnOjco Arabian ljo jfes to that king : bccatife the ho jfes of 
 that countrep are of a fmall nature , ano tbep pap toell fo? the 3rabian bojfcs : ano it is rcqmfite 
 that the merchants fell tbem toell , fo? tfjat thep ttano tljem in great charges to tying tbcm out of 
 Perfia ta Ormus, ano from Ormus to Goa, inhere the u)ip that bniigetij ttoentp bo?fcs niiD bp» 
 toaros papetb no cullome , neither fljip no? gooos tobatfoe tier ; tofjercas if tbep b jing no bo?fes, 
 tbep pap 8 per cento of all their gooos ; ano at tljegoing out of Goa tbebo^fes pap cuflome, ttoo 
 anofoitp pagootes fo? ettcrphojfe, tobicb pagoop map be oftferlingmonepfire fijillings eight 
 pence, tljep be pieces of goioc of that toalue. stso that the Srauiaitbojfcs are of great baluc in aucrpgoob 
 trjofc coimtreps,as 3 00,400, 500 buckets a bojfe,ano co 1 000 Duckets a Ijojfe. faIe foiSojfm. 
 
 Bezeneger. 
 
 TV?t citp of Bezeneger toas facfteo in the pcere 1 5<%, op foure kings of tbe Spools, tobicl) 
 toere of great potorr ano might: the names of thefe foure kings tocre tbefe follotoing , the 
 fittt toas calleD Dialcan , the frcoilO Zamaluc, the tljtro Cotamaluc, ailD tbe fourth Viridy : anO 
 pet tbefe foure kings toerenot able toottercome tbis citp ano the king ofBezeneger,but bp tret* stunoffiniMiis 
 ton. ^tfjisktngof Bezeneger toasaoSentile, aitDbao, amongttallotljer of bis captaines, ttoo faagSVpnc 
 tobtcbtoerenotable,anotbeptoerespoo?es:anotbefettoocaptainesbaoeitbcroftbcmtiul)arge wfowtt&w 
 tbjeefcoje ano ten 0} fourefcoje thoufano men. ■Shcfe ttoo captaines being of one religion toiil) B S 8 fl S 
 the foure kings tobicb toere SEtoo jes, to jougbt meanes tottlj tbem to bctrap their otone king into « Rrangew, 
 their banos. SElje king of Bezeneger ctlccmco not tljefu jce of the foure kings bis enemies , tut $« ( "!ane "«. 
 toent out ofhts cttp to toagebattelltoitb them in tlje fielDeS; ano toben the armies toere iopneo, .H«p«atf& 
 thcbattell latteo but a tobile not the fpace of foure bottres.bccaufe tbe ttoo trartottrous captaines, 
 in the cbiefelt of tlje fight, toitl) their companies turnco their faces againfi their king, anb maoe 
 rucboifojoerinbisarmp, tljat as allonieo tbep fctthemiclues to flight. 'Shirtppccrcstoastbis 
 ftingoome gouerneo bp ttyee li?etrj?en tobicb toere tpjants, tbe tobicb keeping the rigbtfull king 
 in pnfon, it toas tbeir bfc euerp peere once to (beto him to tbe people, ano tbep at tbeir plcafures 
 ruleoas tbep lideo. 'Ebcfc b?eth?en toere ttyee captaines belonging to the father of the king 
 tljep kept in pjifon,tobicb toben be bieo, left his fonne berp pong, ano then tbep tookc tlje gottern« 
 mentto tbemfelues, 'E-fje cljtcfeQ of tljefetb?eetoas calico Ramaragio, anofatetntbcropall 
 tb?one,ano toas calleotbeking : the fecouo toas calleoTemiragio,ano bctooketbe goiiermncnt 
 on bim : the tijiro toas calico Bengatre , ano Ijetoas captatne generall of the armp. ^(;cfe ttjjtc 
 tymnen toere in this battell , in the tobicb tbecbttfeitanD the latt toere neuer bearo of citiicke 
 no} ocao, ©nelp Temiragiofleo in tlje batteljjauing lott oncof bis epes 5 toben the nctoes wme 
 to tl)ecttpoftbeouertb?oto in tbebattell,thetoittesanocl)ilo?en of tbefe tb?cetpjmns,toitb tbeir ^ne facing of 
 latofull king (kept p?ifoner) fico atoap,fpoileD as tljcp toeie,a; tlje foure kings of the qgoo ?cs cn^ t6c ntK - 
 treo the citp Bezeneger toitb great triumphs there tbep remainco fire monctl;s,fesrcl.iing bnocr 
 boufes i in all places foj monep 9 otljer things tbat tocre hiooen, ano tljcntljcp oepartco to tbeir 
 
 T a otone 
 
Hit excellent 
 gooD police to 
 intra)) men. 
 
 220 The Englifh Voyage$,Nauigations, M.Cafar FredericL 
 
 otone kingoomes, becaufe tbep lucre not able to maintaine fuel) a kingDomc as tbat toas ,fo farre 
 Dittant from tbett otone countrep. 
 
 J&bmtlje kings toere Dcparteo from Bezeneger, this Temiragio returned to tbe cup, and 
 tbcnbcgannefonorepopulateit, andfenttoomto GoatottjeSpcrcrjants, iftljrpbaDanpboj« 
 fes, toeing tljem tobim, anDrjeluoulDpaplueHfo^trjem.anDfo^tfciscaurettjcafojefapottoo 
 Merchants tbat 31 toeiuincompanptoitball, carrteo tbofe bojfcs tbattljep bao to Bezeneger. 
 Sift this €p?ant maDeano?oero?lcttoe, tbat if anpSpercbantbaDanpof t^e bo?fcs tfjat lucre 
 taken in tljeafojefapobattello? tonnes , although tbep toere of bis otone markc, tbatbetooulB 
 gitteasmucbfo?tbemastbeptoould ; anDbefioehe gaue generallfafe conduct to all tljatfljould 
 tying tbem. ftUbenbp tljismeanes be fatotljattljcre toere great tto?e of ljojfcsb?ougbttljitbet 
 unto bint, bee gaue tbe S^ercljants fatre toomes , tontill fncb time as be fato tljcp cottln tying no 
 mo je, 3Lljen be licenced the 99erc!jants to Depart, toitljottt gttiing tljcm anp tiling fo \ tljctr bej« 
 fes , toljiclj toljcn tbe pocje men to, tljep toere Defpcrate , ano as it toere mao toitb fojroto ano 
 grtefe. 
 
 31 reffeo tn Bezeneger fcaen monctljs , altljottglj in one monetb 31 mtgtjt (jaue DifcbargeD all 
 mpbufimtfe, fo? tc toasneceffarp to reft fljcreDtuillcbetoapes toere tleere of tbeeucs, tohicbat 
 that time range up ano ootone, 9no in tlje time 3i refleo there , 31 fato manp Grange ano beafl* 
 ipoecBsooncbptbeGentiles, jfirft, toben there is anp jftoblemanoj tooman Deao, tbepburne 
 tbeir bcoies : ano if a marrteD man Die, ljts toife mutt burne Ijetfelfealiue,fo?tbeloue offjer 
 ljufbano, ano toitb tbe boop of (jcr ljufbanD : fo tljat toljcn anp man Dictlj , bis toife toill take 
 amonctbsleaue, ttooo?tb?ee, o?as fheetoill, tobumeljerfclfein, anD tbat Dap being come, 
 tobcrcin ujee ougljt to be burnt , tljac morning ftjee goctlj out of her houfe berp earelp , ettljer on 
 bo jfebacke O) en an clip(jant,o? elfe is uojncbp eight men on a final ffagc : in one oftljefe o?Ders 
 flje goetlj, being apparelleD like to a 15 jide, carrico round about the Citp, toitb her Ijairc Dotone 
 about her fljoulDers , garntftjeD toitlj ictoels ano flotoers , accojoingtotbeettateoftbepartp, 
 nno tljep goetoitlj as great iop as 15?ioes Doe in Venice to their nuptials : fljeecarrieiljinljer 
 left h<it)D a looking glaffe, ano inljcrrigbthanoanarroto , ano fingctlj tljojoto tlje Citp as the 
 pafletlj, ano faptlj, tljat (be goetlj to fleepe toith her Deere fpotofe ano ljufbanD. felje is accom« 
 panieotoitlj IjerktnojeD ano friends bnttll it be one o?ttoooftbec!ockeintheafternoone, then 
 tbep goe out of tlje Citp, ano going along tbermersfiOecallcDNigondin, tobicljrtmnctbbnDer 
 tlje toalles of ttjc Citp , bntill tbep come onto a place toljcrc tljep bfe to make this burning of too* 
 men , being totoootoes , tljcre is p?cparco in this place a great fquare caue , toith a little pinna* 
 cleijarobptt, foureojfitteftcppesbp : tlje fojefapo catte te full of DjieOtoooD, Cbetoomanbe* 
 ing come thither, accompanieo toith a great number of people toljicb come to fee the thing, then 
 tljep make rcaDp a great banquet, ano (bctljatfljallbe burneDeatethtoithaS great top ano glao= 
 mite, as though it toere her tocDDing Dap : ano tlje fea{lbeingcmieD,tbcntbepgoe to Dancing 
 flnDfingingaccrteinctime,acco?otngasftietoilI, after this, tljctoomanof her otonr accord, 
 tommanDetlj tljem to make tlje fire in ilje fquare catte tohere tljeojietoooois, anotoljenitts 
 ktnolcD • thep come ano certifie her thereof , tljenpjefcntlp (he leattetlj the feaft , ano taketlj the 
 necreft ktnfeman of her ljufbanD bp tlje Ijano, ano thep botlj goe together to the banke of tlje ftye* 
 fapD rtuer , tohere (bee puttetlj off all her ictoels ano all Ijer clothes , ano giuetlj them to her pa* 
 rents 0? kinfefolke, anocotteringljerfelfe toitb a clotb, becaufe ftjetoill notbefeenc of the people 
 . being nakeo, uje ttyotoctb herfelfe into tlje riuer,faping : 2D to jctcbes, toafb atoap pour finncs, 
 Comming out of tlje toater , (be rotoletlj bcrfclfe into a pelloto clotb of fottreteenc b?aces long : 
 ano againe flje taketlj Ijer Ijufbanos ktnfeman bp the bano, ano thep go both together up to the pin* 
 naclc of tlje fquare catte toberein tbe fire is maDe. SKljen (be is on tlje pinnacle , (bee talketlj ano 
 reafonctljtoitlj tlje people, recommenoing Unto tljemljercbilDjen ano kinojeo* "Befojc t^e |jm« 
 naclc thepofe to fet a mat, becaufe tljep (ball notfee tlje fierceneffc of tlje fire, pettbere are manp 
 tljattoillbauetljem pluckeo atoap, ftjetoingtbercin an heart not fearefttll, anD tljat tbep are not 
 affrapo of tljat fight, QBben tbisfillptoomanbatb reafoneotoitlj tbepeopleagooDtobiletoljer 
 content.tljere is another tooman tljat taketlj a pot tottlj otle, ano fp jincklctlj it ouer bet IjtaD, and 
 toitb tlje fame fije anopnteth all Ijer boop, ano aftertoaros tljjotoetlj tlje pot into tljcfo jnace, ano 
 botlj tlje tooman ano tlje pot goe together into tbe fire , ano p?efentlp the people tljat are rcuntj 
 about tlje fo?nace tljjoto after her into tlje caue great pieces of toooD, fobptbtsmeattes, toitb 
 tlje fire ano toitb tlje blotoes tljat flje batlj toith the toooD tlj?otoen after ber,flie is qutcklp DeaD ,ano 
 after this there grotoecb fuclj fo?roto ano fuclj lamentation among tlje people.tljat all tbtir mirtb 
 is turneo intoljouiling ano toeeping.iu fucb toife, tbat a man cottlo fcarfe beare the bearing of it, 
 31 baue fcene manp burnt intljis maner, becaufe mp boufe toas neere to tbe gate toljcre tbep goe 
 out tot! e place of burning ♦ anD toben tljere Dictb anp great man , bis toife toitb alibis Haues 
 
 toitb 
 
 H ftifctiptinn 
 
 oftjjeburntiig 
 
 place. 
 
 jFtarting anb 
 
 P.uuiiuU'Jdn! 
 ttlep ftoulti 
 inauiitr. 
 
 Mourning 
 lujcntjcg 
 
 fljoiim re* 
 iovec. 
 
M*Cafar Frederick^ Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 221 
 
 inicij u>bom Ijce l}»itsj Ijao carnal! copulation, burnc tbemfeluestogcttjertoitbbim. aifointbts 
 kingoome 3 Ijatie fcene amongfl tlje bafe fo?t of people tljis fate ano o?oer , tljat tlje man being 
 Beau , bee is carried to tlje place toljere tbep "mill make (its fepttlcbjc , ano letting Ijim as it toere 
 Ujjjtatjc . ttjen commctb bis totft before bim on ber knees , cafling ljer acmes about bis necke, 
 tottb imb?acing ano clafping form, tonttll fuel) time as tlje Spafons baue maoe a toall rouno about 
 tbem, ano toljcn tbe toall is as Ijigb as tijeir neckes, njerecommcthaman bebtnoetbetooman 
 and flranglctlj ber : tben toljen ftjc is Deao, tbe toojkemen fintftj tlje toall oucc tijeir Ijeaos, ano fo 
 tljep lie buricD botb togetljer. nselioes tbefe, tbere are an infinite number of beafi Ip qualities a= 
 mongtt tljem, of tobic(j3batteno Defirc to t»?{tc, 3 toas Dcfiroustoknototljccaufetoljp tbefe 
 toomen tooulo fo toilf ullp burne tbcmfclucs againfi nature ano lato , ano it toas toloe mec tljat 
 this lato toas of an ancient time, tomakep?ouiGonagatnff tljeflauobtcrs tobicbtoomenmace 
 oftljcttfjufbanDs, tfo? in tbofe oapes befo?e tbis lato toasmaoc, tbetoomen fo? etierp little ^J^SSf 
 Difpleafure tbat tijeir IjttfbanDs IjaD none tinto tljem, tooitIop?cfentlp poifontbcirljufbanos, fotmruetjiwi. 
 ano take otber men , ano note bp rcafon of tbis laiu tbep arc mo?e faubfull totto tijeir Ijuf banns, itlme ' 
 ano count tbeir Hues as oeareas tbeic otone,becaufe tbat after IjiSDeatij ljcr otone follotoetbpje^ 
 Tentlp, 
 
 3ln tbe peere of our Io?D (Son 1 5 67, fo? tbe ill fuccefle tbat tlje people of Bezeneger baD, in 
 tljat tbetr Citp toas facken bp tbe foure kings , tlje ktngtoitb bis Court toent to Diuell in a ca» 
 Hie cigbt Dapesiourncp top mtbelano from Bezeneger, calico Penegor.de. aifo fiteuapes iot<r= Penegonde. 
 nep from Bezeneger, is tlje plate toljerctijep get Diamants : 3toasnottljerc, btitittoastolec 
 me tljat it is a great place, compafCcD tottl^ a mall , ano tljat tljcp fell tbe eartljtouljin tlje toall, 
 fo? fo mttctj a fquadron , ano tlje limits are fet Ijoto oeepe 0? boto loin tbep (ball Digge. Cljofe 
 Diamants tljat are of a certelne fife ami bigger tljcn tbat life are all fo? tlje king , it is man? 
 jeercs agonc, fiiice tbep got anp tljere, fo? tbe troubles tljat fjauc bcenc m tljat ktngoome. t&bz 
 firttcaufe of tljis trouble loias , becaufc tbe fbnne of tbis Temcragio Ijao put to DCeitb tlje latofull 
 king toljicb bcljao in p?ifon, fo? toljicb caufe tlje TSarons ano )3obleuicmn tljat ktngoome tooula 
 not acfcnotoleoge btfti to be tbeic using, ano bp tbis meanes tljere are manp ktngs,anD great Dtui* 
 Hon in tbat kingoome, ano tbe citp of Bezcneger is not altogetljcr oefi ropeo, pet tbe boufes fiano 
 ffill, but emptp , ano tljere is Dtoelltng in tbcm nothing, as is repo?teo, but 'Cpgers ano otber 
 luiloe beau's, Che circuit of tbis citp is foure j ttoentte miles about , ano tottbin tlje toalles are 
 cettcine mountaines. Z-l)t boufes ftano toalleo toirb eartlj , ano plaine, all failing tbe tb?ee pa' 
 laces of tlje tlj?ee tp?ant b?etb?en , anb tlje Pagodes Mjiclj are inole boufes : tljefe are maoe tuitlj 
 lime aitt fine marble, 31 Ijaue feene manp kings Courts.ano pet baue 3 fcene none in greatiiefie 
 like to tbis of Bezeneger , 3 fap, fo? tlje o?oer of Ijispalace, fo? it Ijatb nine gates o?po?ts. jfirH 
 mben pou goe into tlje place utfjere tbe king oio Iobge , tbere are fiue great po?tS 0? gates : tljefe 
 arc kept Uittlj Cap taints ano fotifotcrs ■ tben toit bin tbefe tljere are foure lefier gates, ixiljicb are 
 kept toitb ^o?ters. 221itbout tbe firfi gate tbere is a little po?cb,tobere tljere is a Captaine toitlj 
 Sue ano ttocntp fbuloters, tljat keepetljinatcb ano toaro nigbt ano Dap i ano tuttljitt tbat anotljcr 
 ftiitlj tbe like guaro, tBljerecbo?oli)tbep cometoaberpfaireCourt, ano at tlje eno of tljat Court 
 tljere is another po?cb as tbe firfi, initb tbe like guaro, ano toitljin tljat anotber Court, 9no in 
 tbis toifeare tbe firfi fiue gates gtiaroeo ano kept lnitb tbofeCaptaines t ano tben tije leffcr 
 gates toitbinrarebeptmttbaguarooflpo?ters : tobiclj gates llano open tbe grcatefi part of tlje 
 nigbt , becaufe tbe cuftome of tbe Gentiles is to ooe tljetc bufineffe , ano make tijeir fcatts in tlje 
 nigbt, ratbettben bp Dap, %\}t citp tsberpfafe from tbeeues, fo? tlje Portugall mercbants 
 fiecpe in tbe ttrccts, 0? unoer po?cbes, fo? tbe great beat tabid) & tbere, ano pettijep neuer IjaD r- 
 np Ijarme in tbe nigbt. 3t tlje eno of tixio monetljs, 3 Betcrmineo to go fg? Goa in tbe companp of 
 ttoo otber 3!9ci?tugaU £©artbants, toljicb toere making reaDp totepart,iuitb ttoo palancbincs 0? 
 little litters , tobtclj are berp commoDtous fo? tbe map, luitb eigljt jfalcbines mljiclj are men bi* 
 rcD to carp t\^z palancbincs, eigljt fo? a palancbine, foure at a time : tbep carrptljem as toe Dfc to 
 carrpbarrotoes, 9nD3tougbtmetmoljullocks,DncoftljemtoriDeon, anDtljectbertocarrp ^ntiticoii 
 mpbictualsanopjouifion, fo? in tljat countrep rbeprtoe on bullocks mitljpannels, as toe tenne J 1 "^^ 
 tljem, girts an» b?iolcs, anD tbep bane a berp gooo cemmoDtotis pace. Jfrom Bezeneger to G oa tlfmaa ibc 
 in Summer it is cigbt Dapes tournep, but toe toent in tbe miofl of 2£lintcr, in tbe monctlj of 3«= lua? - 
 Ip , ano tocre fifteene oapes comming to Ancola ontbe fea coafi , fo in cigbt oapes 3 ban lofi mp 
 ttoo bullocks : fo? be tbat carried mp bictuals , toas toeake ano coulo not goe , tlje otber tohen 3 
 tame bnto a riuer toljere toas a little b?tDge to paffe cuer, 3 put mp bullocke to ftotmmtng, am> 
 intljemiDDellof tlje rt'uer tbere toas a little 3lano,i)nto the tobtcbmpbullotke toent, nnofino* 
 ing patture, tbere be rematneo fitll, ano in no toife toe coulo come to bim : anD fo pcrfo?ce,3 toaa 
 fo?ceDtoleatiebtmj ano at tbat time tljere toas muclj ratne, anoStoasfojceDtogofciieuDflpcs 
 
 T 3 a 
 
€6eitMtchati< 
 otft tftat come 
 m ana out to 
 
 Bncncga £l!f ■ 
 
 turn. 
 
 Oft[)0[CpC0D 
 
 pie. 
 
 $fl)fir B3mtec 
 
 16DUC&Um- 
 
 Jtitt. 
 
 _2iz The Englifh VoyageSjNauigations, Af. Qafar Frederic^ 
 
 afoot tottlj great paines : anDbpgreatcljanee3mettoicbtfalcbinesbptljetoap,tobom3btreD 
 to carrp mp clottjes ano bictuals. Wie Ijao great trouble in our iournep , fo? tbat cuerp cap toee 
 toere taken pjifoners, bp reafon of tbe great DilTenlton in tbat kingDome : ana i uerp morning at 
 our Departure toe mud pap refcat foure o? fine pagies a man. aim anotljcr trouble to t c ban w 
 bao as t bis, tljat toben as toee tame into a neto cjoucrnc urg countrep , as euerp bap toe Din , al« 
 tljougb tljep toere al tributarp to tlje King of Bezeneger, pet cuerp one of them flanipeo a feueral 
 toineof Copper,fo tbat tbe monep tbat toe tooke this Dap tootilo not ferue tbe ncrt : at lengtb,bp 
 tfje helpe of (Sod, roe came fafe to Ancola, tobicb is a countrp of tbe queene of Gargopam, tribu* 
 tarp to tlje king of Bezeneger, iK.\)t marcljaiuiife that toent cuerp perc fromGoa to Bezeneger 
 toere Arabian ^o?fes, Heluetg,Dama(ks, anD fattens, armefine of Portugall, anD pieces of 
 China, Saffron, anD fekarlets ; anD from Bezeneger tbep Ijao in Turky fo? their commoDities, 
 tetocls,ano pinjoDies tobicb be Ducats of golDe : tlje apparelltljat tbep bfein Bezeneger is Qel 3 
 uet, fatten, Damafke, fecarlct, o?tobtte13umbaltclotb, acceding mbecllate of tbe perlbn 
 toith long bats on tbeir beaDs.calleD Colae,maoe of aeluece^tten.Damsffcco? fecarlet, gtr« 
 Ding t Ijcmfelues in fieaD ef giroles to i 1 b tome fine to bit e bombatt clotb : tljcp bauc b? eetbes after 
 tlje o?Der of tlje 1£urks : tbep vacate on tbeir feet plainc bigb things calleo of tljem afpergb,ant» 
 at tbeir eares tbcp tjaue banging great plentp of golDe. 
 
 Returning to mpbopapje,tobtn toe toeretogetber in Ancola, one ofmpeompamons tbat IjaB 
 rotbingtolofctooReaguiDcanDtociutoGoa.tobitbcrtbepgoeinfoureDapes, tljcotbcr^oj* 
 tugall not being DifpofeD to go, tartcD in Areola fo? tbat iKHtnter. tkbe SBinter in ttofc parts of 
 tlje Indies beginnctlj tbe fifteembofSpap , anD Iafletlj Unto tbeenoof ffictober : anD as toeteere 
 in Ancola 5 tbcre came anotber S^arcljant of hojfesin a paIancbine,anD ttoo ]]3o?tugall foulDiew 
 toljiclj came from Zcilan, amutoo carters oflettets,tobiclj toere Cljnflians borne in tbe Indies: 
 all tljefe confo jtco to goe to Goa togetljer.ano 3! teterminco to goe toitb tljcm, anD caufeD a pal* 
 lanchtne to be maoc fa ? me u t rp poojeip of Canes ; anD in one of tljcm Canes 31 bio p jtuilp all tbe 
 tetotls 31 bao, anD acco?Ditig to tbe o ?Der, 31 tooke eigbt jTalcljines to carp me : anD one Dap about 
 clntenoftbc clccke toeefetfojtoaros on our iournep, anD about ttoo of tlje cloche in tbe after* 
 noone, as toepafTcD a mountaine tobicb oittiDetb tlje territojp of Ancola anD Dialcan , 31 beinga 
 little bebinoe mp companp, toas affaulteD bp eigbt tljeeues , foure of tljem IjaD ftoojots ano tar* 
 gets , anD tbe other foure bao botoes anD arrotocs. COIjen tlje Jf alcblnes tliat carrieD me tower* 
 CooD tbe noifc of tlje affault , tljrp let tlje pallancbinc ana me fall to tlje, grouno , anD ranne atoap 
 ano left me alone, toitb mp clotbes to jappeo about me t pjefentlp tbe tbeeueg toere on mp nccke, 
 anD rtfcling me, tbcp QrippcD me Qarne nafteD, anD 31 faineD mp felfe ficke, becaufe % toottlD not 
 leatic t be pallancbinc, ano 31 baD maoc me a little bctbe of mp clotljes ; tlje t becucs fougbt it terp 
 narrotolp anD fubtillp, ano founD ttoo purlTes tbat 3 bao, to ell bound bp togetber, tube rein 31 ban 
 put mp Copper monep tobicb 3 bao cbangeo fo? foure pagoDies in Ancola, ^c tbceues tbin s 
 king it bao becne To manp Duckats of golDe, fearcljeb no fun ber : tben tbep tb jeto all mp clctbcs 
 in a buflj , ano Ijico tljtm atoap, anD as <3od tooulD Ijauc it, at tlje ir Departure tljere fell from tljem 
 anljanDkercIjer, anDtoljcnifatoit, Slrofefrommppallancbineo^toucb, anDtookeitbp, anB 
 tojappeD it togetber toitbinmppallancbine. ®ljrn tljcfempifalcbinjeg toere of fogoooconDiti* 
 on, tbat tbep retunuD to feeke mee , toljereas a ttjougljt 31 fijouiD not baue founD fo mtitlj gooo* 
 ncfle in t Ijc m : becaufe tbep toere papeo tbeir monp afo jeljatiD , as is tlje bfe, 31 bao tbougbt to baue 
 feene tljem no mo?e, loci ojc tbeir comming 31 toas Determined to plucke tlje Cane toberein mp 
 ictocls toere IjiDDcn.out of mp coutrlj, anD to IjauemaDemeatoalkingdarTetotarrp inmpbano 
 to Goa, tbinking tljat 31 iboulD baue gone tbitljer onfoot.but bp tbe faitljfulnes of mp f alcbinrs, 
 3 toas riD of tljat trouble, anofotn fotire capes tbep carriec me to Goa, intoljicbtimcj maDe 
 IjarD fare, fo? tbe tljeeues left me ueitber monep, golDe, no; ftlticr, ano tbat tobicb 31 Dio cat toad 
 giuenmeof mpmcnfo?6oDslakc : ano after at mp comming to Goa 3 papeo tljcm foj cuerp 
 tbmg ropallp tljat 31 bao of tbem. jFrom Goa 3 ocparteD fo? Cochin,tob«cb is a toopageof tb?ee 
 bunD^cD miles, ano bcttoecne tljefe ttoo cities are manp boloes of tbe 1^o?tugalg, as Onor.Man- 
 galor, Barzelor, auDCananor. %fa H)olDCOJ jTo?t tljat pou (ball baue from Goa to Cochin 
 tbat belongetb to tbe pojtugals, is calico Onor, toljiclj is in tbe kingoome of tbe queene of Bat- 
 tacella, tobiclj is tributarp to t\)t ktag of Bezeneger : tbere is no traoe tbere, but cnelp a cbarge 
 toitb tlje Captaine ano companp bekeepetb tbere. anDpaflingtrjis place, poufijallcometoano* 
 tljer fmall caCIe of tbe pojtugals calleo Mangalor, ano tljere is berp fmall traoe but onelp fo? a 
 little TSiice : ano from tbence pou goe to a little fo?t calleo Barzelor,tbere tljep baue gooo ffoje of 
 Rice tobiclj is carrieD to Goa : ano from tljence pou ftjall goe to a citp calleo Cananor, tobicb is a 
 Ijarquebutlj ftot oitfanc from tbe cbiefttt citp tljat f king of Cananor batb in bis Ringoomc being 
 a king of the Gentiles : ano be j Ijijs are berp naugbtp f malicious people,altoapes bawng oekgbt 
 
 to 
 
 Jrourt fmall 
 
 fPJt£8 0ft()t 
 
 ^pojtiisaljr. 
 
MXafar Frederick^ Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 223 
 
 to be in DBatrestoHtljtbc Portugales, ano toljen tijep are in peocc,it ts foj tJjeu intercd co let tbeir ' 
 mercbanofce palfe : tljere goctb out of tbis toioom of Cananor,all tlje CardamomG,great tto?e 
 of Tapper, <Singer,iij?ouie, Qjtps laoentaitlj great jflttts, great quantitieof Archa, tobicb is a 
 fruitoftbebignefleof jf2utmcgs,n)bicbftuitetljcpcate in all tljofe partes of tbe Indies ano be- 
 jiono tlje Indies, toitlj tbe leafeofanil?erbetobicbcbcp call Bctcell, tbe toljicb is Itke Onto our Intotit*"* 
 Suie leafe, tmc a Ittle letter ano ibinner : tbep eate it maoe in plaittcrs laity tfje lime maoe of £) t= Bttb«m tw 
 tterujels.ano tljojoto cije Indies tbepfpeno great quantttic of moncp in tljis compotttion, ano it id t0ll,,trc f- 
 bfcooailp, iDljicf) cljino; a ixioulD not l;aue belecueo, tf 31 IjaD not fcene it ♦ "Cljecuttomers get 
 great p?ofite bp t^cfe ^erbes, fo? tbat tbep Ijauc cuttome ft? tbem , JKdljen tljis people eate ann 
 ci>atoctbisittt!jc:rmoutfacs, it mafeetb t&eir fyittlc to bee no like bntoblooo, ano tbep fap.tljac 
 itmaketbaman tobaueaberpgooottomackeanoaffcieete bjeatlj, butfureinmp iuogemene 
 tbep eate tt ratljcc to fulfill tbeir fiUbie luttcs,anoof a knaucric, foj. tbis $erbe is mopftano bote, 
 <t maketb a tierp ttrong erpulfion, jfrn Cananor pott go to Cranganor/mijicb is ariotljerfmal tfo?t 
 
 of tbe Portugales itttbelanD of tbe togOfCranganor, toljicljisanotljer tog of tbe Gentiles, ffijft^j" 
 
 aim a countrep of fmaI{jmpo?tance, aim of an Ijium?ctlj ano ttoentie miles, full of tljtettes, be= miWffl* 
 ing tinner tbe tog of Calicut, akingalft of tlje Gentiles, ann a great cnemie to tbe Portu- 
 gales, toljicb toben bee is alttapes in toarreS, bee ann bis countrep is tbe nell ana retting ft? 
 firangcr tbecues, ano tbofe bee ealleo Moores of Carpofa, becaufe tljep toeare on tfjeit tyeate 
 long reo bats, ano tljefetineues part tlje fpoplcs tbat tljeptakeontbe Sea toitlj tbe tog of Ca- 
 licut, fo^ bee giuctb Icauc Onto all t bat Uitllgoe a retting, Iibcrallp togoe,tnfucbtoife, tljat all 
 along that coafi tljere is fitch a number of tljieues.tljat tbcreis no failing in tljofc Seas but toitlj 
 great ujips ano berp toell armeo,o ? els tbep mutt go in companp art tb tlje annp of tbe Portugal 
 JftomCranganor to Cochin is ij. miles. 
 
 Cochin. 
 
 COchinis,nertbntoGoa, tbe chiefeS place tbat tbe Portugales baue in tlje Indies, ano M'M" 00 ^ 
 tbere is great trace of Spices, o?ugges, anoalIotbetfo?tcsofmercljanoi?e ft? tlje tog- ofi£jip«. 
 Dome of Portugale, ano tbere toitljin tbe lano is tlje togoome of {pepper, totich {pepper tlje 
 Portugaleslaee in tbeir ftjippes bpbuike, anonotinfackes: tbeipcppertljatgoecb ft? Portu- mxvmtt 
 gale is not ft gooo as tbat toljicb goetlj ft? Mecca, becaufe tbat in times paft ttje officers of tlje *&&%'$&£ 
 ktngofPortugalemaoeacontracttoitljtbe kingofCochin, in tbe name of.tl;e tog of Portu- <8 "{J tfo 9° h on B 
 gale, ft? tbep?i?es of pepper,ano bp reafon of tljat agreement bettoeene tbem at tbat time maoe, go«fj i ro? m«. 
 tbe p?tce can ncitljer rife no? fall, uiljicbtsaberploHieanobafepjice, anofo?tbis cattfetbe Oil* c b ]'^^uL ct 
 lainesb?mg it to tbe Portugales, greene ano fall of filtbe » Clje Moores of Mecca tbat gitte a b;g nrtigtSw. 
 better pjice, baue it cleane ano o?ie, ano better conottionco. 911 tlje Spices ano o tugs tbat are 
 fyougbc to Mecca, are ttolleit from tbence as Contrabanda. Cochin is tuio cities, oneof tbe 
 Portugales, anoanotfjerof tlje tog of Cochin : tbat of tlje Portugales is Ctuate neeretttm* 
 totbeSea, ano tbat oftbe king of Cochin is a mile ano aljalfeopijigljcr in tbe lano, but tbep 
 arebotofctontljcbankesofoneriucr toljiclj is oerp great ano ofagooooeptlj of tenter, lubicb 
 riuercommetb o«c of tljemountainesof tbe king of tlje pepper, toljicbis a king of tbe Gen- 
 tiles, in tobofe ktngoome are manp Cb?i8ians of faint Thomas ojoer : tlje king of Cochin is al* 
 fo a king of tbe Gentiles ano a great faitbfullfrteno to tbe king of Portugale, ano to tbofe Por- 
 tugales tirfjicb are marrieo.ano are Citizens in tbe<£itie Cochin of tlje Portugales.ano bp tbis 
 jta/tie of Portugales tlj?ougbottt all tbe Indies, tljep call all tbe Cbjittians tbat come out of tlje 
 22Jctt, tobctbec tbep bee Italians, Frenchmen, o? Alma'mes, ano all tbep tljat marrte in Co- 
 chin 00 get an office at coming to tbe traoe be is of : tljis tbep baue bp tbe great puuilcge s toljiclj 
 tlje litijcns baue of tljat citp.becattfe tbere are ttoo principal commooitics tljat tljep oeale mitbal &intnt»ilt* 
 in tljat place, loljicb are tbefe . 'Sbegteattto^e of Stlke tljat commetb from China, ano tbe gSS£«i?c» 
 greatflo?eofSugartobicbcommetbfromBengala:tbemarrieoCiti?ens pap notanp cuttome ehinfjaw.' 
 fojtbefetbjocommoDities : fo?|all otljer commooities tljep pap 4. per cento cuttome to tlje 
 king of Cochin , rating tljeic gooos at tbeir otone plcafure , 'Kbofc tubieft are not mar rieo ano 
 Orangers, pap in Cochin to tbe king of Portugale eigbc per cento of all maner of mercbanDife, 
 3Huas in Cochin tobeti tlje Hicerop of tlje tog of Portugale tojougljt tobat bee cou'meto 
 b?eake tbe p?iuilege of tbe Citizens, ano to make tbem to pap cuttome as otljer oio : at Uiljicrj 
 time tlje Citizens toereglao to luaigb tbeir pepper in tljcnigbt tbat tbep laoeo tbe ttjips mttlr 
 all tbat toent to Portugale ano ttole tbe cuttome in tbe nigbt, ^Ijekingof Cochin bauingim* 
 fierttanoingof tW, tooulo net fuffer anp mo?e {pepper to beetoeigbeo . Cljenpjefentlp after 
 tljis, tljcmarcljants lucre Uccnfeo to ooeas tljep oio before, ano tbere toasnomo?e fpeacb of 
 
224. The Englifh Voya.gts > lSla.ui2 > ations ) M.^afar Frederic^ 
 
 this matter, no? anptojoug Done , ©-bisking of Cochin is of afmallpotoer in reflect of tbe 
 other kings of tbe Indies, fo? I)ce can make but feuentie tljoufano men of amies in bis campc : 
 tjee bath a great number of (gentlemen toljicb bee calletb Amochi , ano fome are talleo Nairi : 
 thefe tvrio fo?ts ofmen cfiecme not tljctc liucjs anp thing, fo that it map be fo?tlje honour of their 
 king, tbep ta>illtbwfftbcmfeluesfo;iboarb in euerp banger, nltljougljtbep knototbep (ball Die. 
 djefe men goe nakco from tlje girole bpbaarbes, tuitlj a clotlje rolleo about their ujigbs, going 
 barefooteb, ano baiting tljetrbaireberp long anbrolleb bp together on tlje toppc of tbetrbeabs, 
 antialtoavestbcpcarrtetljeir15ttckIerso?CargctjsiBitb tbem anbtbeirftuo?DesHakeD, tljefe 
 Nairi tjaue tljeir fciities common amongfi tbemfelucs , ano ttben anp of tbem goe into tbe 
 houfeofanpof tljefefciomen, Ijeeleattetf) Ijtjs fbDojoe ane target at tbeboo?e, ano tbe time tljat 
 Ijee t'0 tljece, tljere bare not anp bee fo barbie as to come into that botife • 'Clj^ feings cljtlojen 
 fball not inljerite tbe kingbome after their fatijer, becattfe tbep IjolD this opinion, that perchance 
 tljeptoercnoc begotten oftfjc king their fatljer,but of fome otljer man, therefore tbcp accept fo? 
 their king, one of the fonnes ofttjc kingBfitters,o?<if fome otber bjoman of the bloooro:'al,fo? tyac 
 tbepbefurethep arcoftbcbloooroialL 
 so uer? nrange %\)z Nairi ano their to)iues bfe fo j a b?auerte to make great boles in tbctr cares; , anb fo 
 6tu« B i« a tK6? w bigge anu toioe, tbatitisincrcbiblc, Ijolbing tljis opinion, tbattlje greater tbe boles bee, tbe 
 mo?e noble tbep eftecme tbemfelucs . 31 bab leaue of one of tljcm to meafure tbe circumference 
 ofoneofthembiitb atljjeeb, anotott^m tljat circumference 3 put mparmebp to tbe ftjoulber, 
 clotljco as it bias, fo tbat in effect tbep are monftrous great ♦ €$KP tbep boe make tbcm toljen 
 tbep be title, fojthen tbep open tbe care, fr bang a piece of goto ojleao tbereat,$U)itbmtbeope< 
 mng, in tbe bole tbep put a certaineleafe tbat tljep bauefo? tbat purpofe, tobiclj mafeetbtlje bole 
 fo great, 'Sljep lace fbips in Cochin fo? Portugale anb fo?Ormus, but tljep tljat goe fo? Or- 
 mus catrieno pepper butbp Contrabanda, _asfo?g>inamonie tbepeafilicgetleauetocarrie 
 tljat atoap,fo? all other 3>pices anb omgs tbep map liberallp carie tbem to Ormus o? Cambaia, 
 aim fo all otber niercljanbijse toljicb come from otber places, but out of tbekingbom of Cochin 
 p?operlp tbep carp atoap toitlj t!jem into Portugale great abtmbanre of pepper, great quantitte 
 of ©inger bjieb anb conferueb,toito S>inamom, gooo quantitie of Arecca , great fio?e of Cor- 
 dage of Cairo,mabe of .tbe barke of tbe tree of tbe great jfrut, anb better tben tbat of Ipempe, of 
 toljicb tbep carrie great Co? e into Portugale. 
 Sore tn cue* <E.lje fljippes euerp peere bepart from Cochin to goe foj Portugal], on tbe fift bap of Decern* 
 ejTp'efcomco. bcr, o?tljefiftoapof3|anuarp . iftotoe to foHotompbopsge fo? tbe Indies : fromCochina 
 <&<>. toent to Coulam, Diftanc from Cochin feuentte ano ttoo miles,tobicb Coulam is a fmall jf ojt of 
 tbekingof Portugales, fituatc'tn tbe kingbom of Coulam, toljicb is a king of tbe Gentiles, ann 
 of fmall trace: at that place the? laoeonclphalfe a Gjip of pepper, ano tbenujegoctlj to Cochin 
 totakeintberett, anb from thence to CaoComori is feuentie ano ttoo miles,anb there enbctft, 
 tlje coaflof tbe Indies : ano alongff this coafl, nceretothetoaterfioei ano alfo to CaoComori, 
 ootonctotbelotoe lano of Chilao , toljicb is al)otttttoobuno?eo miles, tlje peoplctbercareas 
 it tocreallturncb to tbe2Cb?iftianfaitbt tljere are alfo.CburcbesoftbeJFriersof'%.Paulso?ber, 
 toljicb friers ooc berp much goon in tbofe places in turning tlje people , anb in conuetting tjjem, 
 anbtakegreatpame0mtnfiruttingtbcminthelatoof€b?i&\ , 
 
 dje ojftcr 
 bolu tfifp fiflj 
 
 fOf pCflllM. 
 
 ■ 
 1 
 
 The fifiiing for Pearles. 
 
 T\)t !§;ea tbatlictbbcttueene tbeccafl lubicb befcenbttb from CaoComori, to tbe lotuc 
 lanD of Chilao, anb tlje 3jlanb Zdlan, tljep call tlje fifljing of pearles, tobitb fiffjinoc 
 tljep make euerp peere, beginning in £parcfjo?9p?iH, anbitlattetbftftiebapes, buttljepboe 
 not fiuje euerp peere in one place, but one peere in one place,, anb anotber peere in another 
 place of tlje fame fea. Wi)tn tlje time of tljis fiujing o?atoetb neere,tljen tbep fene berp goob t)i* 
 ucrs, tbatgoetooifcouertoberetbegreatcttbeapesof iDifters bee bnoer toater, anb right a« 
 gapnft tbat place toberegreateftffo?e of ©iflcrs bee, tberc tljep make o? plant abillage toitd 
 boufes ano a Bazaro, all of ftone, iuljieb ff anoetb as long as tbe 8fbW5 time laflctb, ano it is 
 furniujeb tuitb ail things neceffarie , anb nouie anb then it is necre bnto places that are inbabi- 
 ten, ano otljer times farre off, accojbingto tlje place ttbere tbep fiuje. 'StbciFtfljfrmen are aU 
 Cb?tmans of the countrep , anb tobo fo toill map goe to fiujing , paping a certaine outie to tbe 
 kingof Portugall, anototlje Cburcljes oftbeiFriers ofS>aint Paule, toljicljareintbat coatf. 
 911 tbe tofjJletljat tbep are fiujing, there are tljjeeojfottre jfufles armeo totefenbtbe fiujen 
 men from Kouers. 31ttoasmpcbancetobeetbtreonettmeinm?paffage, anbafato tbeojoec 
 
 tljat 
 
M.Ctefar Frederick^ Traffiques and Difcoueries. 225 
 
 tljat tbep ttfeo in filing, tobicbis tbts. &bere ate tljjiceojtfoure'Karkcs tljat make confojt to= 
 gccljer, toljicbatcltketoourlitlePlotljoatcs.anDalitUIeire, tljcregoefeucnojetgbtmeti in 
 a boate : ano 31 Ijaue fccnc in a morning a great number of tbcm goe out, ana anker in ftfteeneo? 
 e;ghtcene faoome of toater, tobicb is tbe €> jotnarte Bcptlj of all tbat coatt. (KDtljen tljep are at an* 
 her, tbep call a rope into tbe &ea, ano at tlje enoc of tbe roue, tbep make fall a great Cone, ano 
 tljcn tljere is reaoic a man that batlj bis nofe ano bis cares toell OopptD, ano annointco toitlj 
 oplc, anoabafketaboutbisnecke, o;itoiDcrljisIcftarme, tbenljeegoetbDotonebptljerope to 
 tbe bottome of trje ©ea.ano ae fail as be can bee filletb tbe bafket,ano toben it is full, IjeQiaketb 
 tbe rope, ano Ijts fcllotoe s tbat are in tlje Barhe bale Ijtm up toitlj tlje bafket : ano in fuel) toife 
 thepgoeonebponeimtill tbepljauelaDentbeirbarketottboptters, ano at euening tljcpccme to 
 tlje milage, anotljen cuerp company maketb tljeir ntountaine ojtljeape of optters one Dtttanc 
 from anotljer, in fucb toife tljat pott ujall fee a great long rotoe of mountaines o? beapc? of op= 
 flers, ano tbep are not toucijeo Dnttll fucb time as tlje filing bee cnocD, ano at tbe enoe of tbe fr 
 filing cucrpcompaniefittetb rounD about tljcirmountaineo^beape ofopftcrs, ano fall to ope= 
 ningoftbem, toljtclj tljep map eafiltc Doe uecaufetbep bee Deao, one ano bn'tcle : anoifeucrp 
 opftcrbao pearles intljem.ittooulobeeaDerpgooDpurcbafe, but tljere are ucrp manptljnt Ijaue 
 nopearlesin tbem : toljeutbefiujingisenDcD, tljen tbep fee tobetljer it bee a gooD gathering oj 
 abaooc: tljere are certaineerperttn the pearles uihomtljepcallChicini , mljicb fetano make fEf, c r e j, farIt8 
 tljepjiceotpcarlcsaccojDingtotbciccarracts.beauticanDgoooneire, making fourc fojtes of are I $J[ l * (, if 
 tljcm. 'Elj! firtt fo jt bee tbe rounD pearles, ano tbep be calico Ata of Portugale.becattfe tbe Por- " ! M ' C "| &$$ 
 tugalcs noe bup tljem, 'S.befeconDfo^tetoljicb are not rounD, arecalleDAiaofBengala. "She «& c pi»>«bi>,«« 
 tljtrDfojttobicljarenotrogooDastljefeconD, tljep call Aia of Canara, tljat is to fap, tbe king' ""Umtelimrx 
 Dome of Bezeneger, ^Ije f ouctlj anD laft fo?t, laljiclj are tbe lead ano tno^a To jt, arecallcDAia *»«£ jX".*** 
 ofCambaia. £4jus the puce being fee, tbcrearemercljantsofcuerpcountrcp tohiclj are tea* a» mitnunmt 
 Die toitb their moncp in their Ijanoes, fotljat inafctoeDapegalltsbougbttopattbepjifes fctac Joicsnittr"" 
 coding to tlje gooonefle anD caracts of tlje pearles, uiutcft i* matie 
 
 3luthtsg>ea of tlje fiujtng of pearles isanJilanDcalleo Manar.tobtcb is inljabiteD bp Cljji- nm^lt^a 
 fliansoftljecountrcptobicb firtt mere Gentiles, ano bmie a fmallljolD of tbe Portugales being uutuati. 
 Otuateoueragapnft Zedan .- anobcttoecnetbefettoo 3llanDStbcre isacljanell, btttnotberp big, 
 anD Ijatf) but a fmall ocptlj tljerein : bp reafon toljereof tljere cannot anp great fijippe pafle tljat 
 map, but fmall fljips, ano toitlj tbe increafeof tlje toater tobicljisat tlje change oj tlje lull of tlje 
 S^oone, anopecfo^Il this tljep muttbnlaoe them ano put tljeirgooos into fmall ucflclsto ltglj= 
 ten tbem befoje tbep can pafTe ttjat map fo? feareof <§>ljolDes tbat lie in tlje cljanell.anD after laDe 
 tljeminto tbeirfljippesto gocfoji tlje Indies, ano trjis Doe all fmall ujtppcs tbat palTc tbat toap, 
 but tljofe fbippes tbat goe fo? tlje Indies Catttoaro? s, pafle bp tlje coafl of Coromandel, on 
 tlje otljer Roe bp tlje lanD of Chilao tohiclj is bettoeene tlje firme IauD anD tlje JlanD Manor: ano 
 going from tbe Indies to tlje coall of Coromandel , tbeploofcfomefbippes,buttljepbeermp« 
 tie, bccaufetljattljcfljippestbatpaffe tbat toap Difcljarge tbeirgooDs atanjlano calico Peci- 
 patane, anD tijcrc lanD tljet'r gooDs into fmall flat bottomeo boates cj(jicljD?aujc!itIc toater, 
 ano arc calleo Tane, anD can run otter cuerp g>holo toitljout ettber Danger o? lolfe of anp tljing, 
 fojtljattbcptarricinPeripatanetintiUfucbtimeas icbee fairetocatljcr, 'Before tljep Depart to 
 pafle tbe feljoloes, tbe fmall njippes anD flat bottomcD boates goe togetfjerincompanie, ano 
 toljen tbep IjauefaileD fire anDtljirtiemiles, tljcparriHeattbcplacetoberetbe^bolDesare, ano 
 at tljat place tlje toitiDesblotoefofo^ciblie, tbat tbep are fojceD togae tljojotoe, not batting anp 
 otber refuge to fatte tbemfelues, ^Ije flat bottomeD boates goe fafe cbojoto, toljcre as tlje fmall 
 (bippesiftljepmtiretbeafojefapDcbancII.ttickefaBontbe^ljolDes, ano bptljis meancsmanp 
 are loft: ano commtngbackc from tbe Indies, tljep goe nottljattoap, but pafle bp tlje cljanell 
 of Manar as is abouefapD, toljofe cljanell is ©ajie, ano if tbe fljippes flicke fall, it ts great cljancr 
 iftljerebeanpoangeratall. 'SLbercafontobp tin's cljanell is not moje fure to goe tljitljer, is, 
 becaufe tbe toinDcs tbat raigneo? blotoebettoeeneZeilan anD Manar, make tlje cljanell fo ftja= 
 loto tuitlj toater, tljat almoQ tljere is not anp paflage, jfromCaoComoritotbeSlanD ofZci- 
 lanis iio.milcsoucrtbtoart., 
 
 Zeilan. 
 
 ZEilan is an 3!lanD, inmp iuDgcment,a great Deale bigger tljen Cyprus: on tbat fioe to- 
 toarostlje Indies iptng ^efltoatD is tbe cttie calleo Columba, tobicfj is a IjoId of tlje Por- 
 tugales, but toitljout toallcs 0} enrmies. 3Jt Ijatb totoaros tlje £>ea a free po jt, tbe latof ull king 
 
 of 
 
zi6 The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, M.Cafar Frederick 
 
 ofthat3!lanDts m Columbo, ami is tutneo Cb?iliian anD maincaineD bp ticking ofPortu- 
 g^l, bctngocpjiucD of bis kmgDome, ^bekmgoftheGentiles^o whom this kingDcmeoio 
 belong.was calleo Madoni,wtjicb baDcwofonnes,thefir{r nameDBarbinastbe p?ince ; anD the 
 fecotiu Ragine, Chis king bp the pollicieof bis poonger fomic, teas Dep?iueD of bis kingoome, 
 tobobecaufebeeljao entifeD ano Done that which pleafeDtbe atmie anD fouloiours, tit Defptght 
 of bis father anD b?other being p?ince, bfurpco tlje kingDome , ano became a great Warriour, 
 Jfittt, tbt&aiano baDtbjce kings; the feing of Cotta lottlj Ijts conqucreo p?ifeners : the kino; 
 of Candia, which is a part of that JlanD, aim is fo calleo bp the name of Candia , winch ban 
 a realisable power , aim teas a great frieittj to the Portugals , which fapo that becliueDfe» 
 ccctip a £b?ittian ; the tljitD was the king of Gianifampatan. an tljirtecne pecrcs that this Ra- 
 gine gouenteo this jlann, he became a great tp?ant. 
 3!n this 3lanD there growcth fine femamom, great l!o?e of ipeppcr, great flo?ecf jSutteS 
 «i««b"nas» ann Aroc hoc : l ^ eu £ ^ C P mal?e S reat ^°? e of Cairo to make £o?Dage : tt bjingetij foojtrj great 
 topes witD, tto?eofClj?i8allCatsepes, c?OchideGati, ano thep fap that tljep finoe there fomcKubies, 
 tne Eatteofa bat % bmte folD Kub ' es to£l1 tbece ^ at 31 bjougbt With me from Pegu . 3i Was Bcftrotis to fee 
 tree. bowtljepgatbertl)eS>tnamom, o? take it from the tree that it growctb on, anD fo much the ra» 
 
 ther, becaufe the time that 31 was there, Was the fcafonwbicbthep gather it in, which Was in 
 tbemonetbof9p?ill, at which time the Portugals lucre inarmeSjanDintljcfielD.witljtbeking 
 of the countrcp; pet3|tofatiffiempDefirc, although in great Danger, tooke aguioe With mee 
 ano Went into a wood th?cc miles from the Citic, in which Wood mag great lro?e of &ma* 
 •sthecuttms 5 mometrecs growing together among other wiloc trees ; anD this S>inamomc tree is a fmall 
 I'iiS' tree, anD not berp high, anc Ijatlj Ieaues like to our ~&m tree , 3I» tlje moncth of 99arcb o? 9« 
 p?ill, When the fappegoetljuptotljctoppe of the tree, then tljrp take tlje Sinamom from that 
 trcctn this Wife. 3Dbcpcuttbebarkcoftbe treerouna about in length from knot to knot, o? 
 fromiBtnt totoint,abctteanDbeloWc, anD tljencafiliewttljtljeirbflnBcstbep take it aWap, Iap= 
 so rat tfiinse. ing it in th? feunne to ojie, ano in tljis wife it is gatljereo, anD pet fo? all this tlje tree Dictb not, 
 but agapntr tlje nert peerc it Will Ijaue a new barhe, ano that Which is gatbereD cucrp pcerc is the 
 befl gmtamomc : fo? that Which gtowetb two o? th?ee pecrcs is great, anD not fo gooD as tlje o* 
 ther is ; anD in tbefe WooDSgroWeth much pepper, 
 
 Negapatan. 
 
 Fftom the JlanD of Zeilan menbfeto goewifb fmall fljippes to Negapatan, within tljefirme 
 lano, anD fruentie two miles off is a Berp great Citic, ano berp populous of Portugals ann 
 Ch?ttriansof the countrcp, anD part Gentiles : it is a countrep of fmall traDe, neither bauc 
 tljep anp traoe there, faue a goaD quantitie office, ano cloth of TiJumbatt Which ttjep carte into 
 Diucrs partes: it baas a berp pleiitifull countrcp of bictttals.but nob) it hath a great Deale leu"c;snb 
 tljatabunDanccofbictualscaufcD manpPortugales to goetljitljcranDbttilD houtes, anD DUiell 
 there with fmall charge. 
 
 ChisCitiebelongetljtoanoblemanofthekingDomeofBezenegerbctnga Gentile, neucr* 
 tljeleiTe tlje Portugales ano otbet Ojjitttans are Well intreateD there, anD hauetljeir Churches 
 tljere totclj a monaflcrte of giatut Francis owcr, With great DeuotionanD berp Well accoinmo- 
 Datco, with Ijoufes rouno about : pet fo? all this, tbep arc amongft tp?ants, wljich aluiapes at 
 their plcafure map doc them fome ljarmc, as it Ijappcncc in tlje pecre of our lo?D 6od one thott< 
 fanDfiuehunD?eD,firtieanDEttc: fo? 31 remtmbcr berp Well, how tljactbeNayer, tljatisto fap, 
 tljelo?Dofthecitie, fent to theciti?ens to DemaunDofthcmcertaine Arabian bo?feS, anothep 
 rj suing ocnieD tljcmbntohtm, ano gatnefapD his Dematmo , it came to patfe tljat this Io?D Ijan 
 aDcfireto£eethe&>ea, Wljich When the poo?c citizens bnnerlrooD, tljcpDoubtcDfomceuiH, to 
 [jeare a thing which was not woont to bee, tljep thought that this man wottlD come to facke the 
 a fooiiOj fcare Citie, anD p?efentlp tljep embarkcD tljemfelues the befi thep coulD With tljetr mooueables.mar* 
 of#oimgai0. j^nDi^e, tewels, moncp, ano all tljat tljep bao, anD caufeD thefljippes to put from tlje ujo?c. 
 Wbm this was Done, as their cuill chance wouio haue it, tlje nert night following, there came 
 fachagreattto?mcthatitputalltheujippesonIanDperfo?cc, ann b?ake them to pieces, ano all 
 the gooos that came on lano anD Were fatico, were taken from them bp the foulDiours anD armie 
 oftljis lo?D Which came DoWne Witlj himtofeetbei§)ca, ano Were attendant at the gpeafioc, not 
 - thinking tljat anp fuel; clung WoulD batte happeneD, 
 
 I 
 
 Saint 
 
M.Cafar Frederic^. TraffiqueSjand Difcoueries. 227 
 
 Saint Thomas or San Tome. 
 
 FRom Negapatan fonotoingmp bopagctotoaros the Caff an hunD?eo and fiftie mite, 31 
 founo the boufe of bUtTeb ssamt Thomas, toljtch is a Church of great oeuotion, ano greatly g>.Thom«5i(« 
 regaweb of the Gentiles foj the great miracles trjcp haue bearo to haue bene Done bp that bletfeo f c »« lc !" c - 
 Spottle $ neere bnto this Church the Portugal* hauebtuloeD them a Cttiein the eountrep fub* 
 iect to the king of Bezeneger, tobich citie although t'e bee not berp great, pet in mp iuDgcmcnc 
 itisthefairett wall thatpart of the Indies : ano it bath berp faire boufes anb faire garnets in 
 bacant places berp ttcllaccommoDatcD : ichathffrectes large ano (freight, toith manp Chut* 
 chesofgreat Deuotion, their boufes be fetelofc one bnto anotberjtoithlittleboojcs^uerpbottfe • 
 bath bisbefeiice.fo that bp that meancs itisoffojee fufficient toDefenopPortugalsagatntt the 
 people of that eountrep, &be Portugals there haue no other pofTcflton but their gardens ano 
 boufes that are toithin the citte: the cuffomes belong to the king of Bezenegcr,tohich are berp 
 fmall ano eaGe,foj that it is a eountrep ofgrcatricbes ano great trace : there come eucrppecre 
 tiuoojtlj?ce great flripsbcrp rich, beBocu manp other fmalirjjips : oneofthettoo great Qjips 
 gocth fo? Pegu, ano the other fo? MaIacca,laoentouh fine 35umbafl cloth of etierp fo?r, painteo, * f *J*5* *M 
 tohicbisararething , becaufethofekinoeofclotfceslbetoastbcptoeregiioco toitljDiucrs co= ofDmrrsto* 
 lours, ano the mo je thep be toafbeo, the liucltcr the colours toill lijeto ♦ 9lfo there is other cloth i™" $j!p c .|! 
 of ^Jumbaff tobich is tootten toith biuers coIours,ano is of gtcat balue : alfo thep make in Sane acugnt mnc& 
 Tome great ffoje of reo £>arnc,tohfch tijep Die toith a roote calico Saia, ano this colour toill ueucr {^mo/gSif 
 toaffe, butthemo?eitii3toafl)CD,themo?ereBDeritu)iIlH)enit thcplane this parnc the greateff vw> 
 parcofttfojPegu, becaufethat there thep too^keanotoeaucit to make cloth accojoing to their, 
 otone faujfon^no toith leffer charges, Jt is a maruelous thing to them tohiclj haue not fecne the 
 lacing ana bnlaofng of men ano mcrcljanDi?e in <g>, Tome as thep no : it is a place fo Dangerous, 
 that a man cannot bee fertteo toith fmallbarftes, neither can thep Doe their bttfineffe toith the 
 boates of the Grippes, beraufe thep tooulo be beaten in a tboufano pieces, but thep make certaine 
 barkes (of purpofe) higb,tohich thep call Mafadie,thep be mace of litlc boaros ; one boarD being 
 tbtoeo to another totthfmallco joes, ano in this o?ocr are thep maoe , 9notoben thep are thus. 
 roaoe,ano the otoncrs toill embarke anp thing in them, either men ojgooos, thep laoe them c« 
 lano, aub tehen tljep arclaoen, the 15arke-men thjuff the boate toith her laoing into the If reame, 
 ano toith great fpceo thep make Ijaffe all that tljtp are able to rotoe out agatnff the huge toauts of 
 the fea that are on that ujo?e,binH'.ltljat thep cariethemtothe fljtps: anoinlikemanertbeplaDe 
 tljcf'Mafadies at thejbippeis toith mcrchanDtfe ano men, ftLlhenthepcomenceretbeuXic, tlje 
 Barke-men leap out of the 15arkc into the &ea to keepe the TSarke right that (be caff not thtoart 
 the (hojc, ano being kept right, the Smffeof thc&ea fetteth her laoing D?p on lanD toithout anp 
 hurt o } oanger,ano fometimes there are fome of them that are ouerthjotoettjbut there can be no 
 great lotfc,becaufe thep laoe but a title at atime , 911 tlje marchanoije theplaoe euttoarcs, thep, 
 emball it toell toith ©re htoes/o that if it talte toet,it can haue no great Ijarme* 
 
 3!nmpbopage, returning in the pcereofottr to ?o (Sod one tboufano, fiuehunBjcD, firtt'e ana 
 Dre, 3 toent from Goa bnto Malacca, in a fhtppe o? ©allion of the king of Portugal, tohich 
 toent bnto Banda fo? to laoe Jflutmcgs f 3paces:from Goa to Malacca are one thotifanD eight 21*21 qjij? 
 6unD?eD miles, toepafleDtoitljottttheJlanDZeilan, ano toent th?ough the chancll ofNicubar, laacjgiitmfgd 
 o? els though the chancll of Sombrero, tohtchisbpthemtDDleofthe3lanDof Sumatra, calico g"^"" 6 ' 6 
 inolDetimeTaprobana: anofromNicubarto Pegu is as it toere a rotoe o? chatne cf an infi* 
 tiite number of JIanDs, oftohichmanp arc tnhabitcD toith toiloepcoplc, ano thep call tljofe 3^ 
 lanos tlje 3lanos of Andemaon.anb thep call their people fauage o? totloe, becaufe tljep cate one 7" m nans* 
 another: alfo thcfe3Ilanbsha«etoarreonetoithanother, fo? thep baucfmaU'lSarftesianbtoith %^u'oni 
 them tljep take one another, anb fo eate one another : anb if bp ruil chance anp Chip be lotton thofe anotjjer. 
 3IanDs,asmanp haue bene, thcreisnotonemanof tljofcfljipsloff there that efcapetb bueaten 
 o?bnflaine, ^Ijefe people haue not anp acquaintance toith anp other people, neither fjaue t!;ep 
 traoe toith anp, but liue onelp of fucfj fruites as tljofe 3ilanDs pcclb : ano if anp (hip come ncere . 
 bnto that place o?toattastljeppau"e that toap, asinmpbopageithappencDas31camefromMa- 
 Iacca through the chancll of Sombrero, there came ttooof their TSarfccsneerebnto our (trip la* 
 ben toith fruite, as toith S^sucestohichtoee call 9oams apples, toith freQj|3uts, anbtottlja 
 ftuitecalleD3!nani, toljtch fruite is like to our 'Cttrncps, butisbcrp ftoeetc ano gooo to. eate: 
 thep tooulo not come into tlje fljippefoj anp thing that tocccoulo Doe : neither tooulDthep tahe 
 anp maticp foj their fruite , but thep tooulo trucke fo? oloc ujirtes c) pieces of oloe Iinncn 
 ijeeefces, tljefc raggesi tljep let Dotone toit^ a rope intotrjeit %nxH bnto t^etn , ano looke 
 
 toljas 
 
228 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, M.Cafar Frederick 
 
 tuijnc tljep thought thofe things to bee tooo?th, fo nmclj fruite thep tooulo make fatt to t(je roue 
 ant! let bs baleitinj anoituiagtoIomet^atatfomettmewrnanfljallb^uefoianolDlbirta cooti 
 piece of amber. 
 
 Sumatra. 
 
 Tl)i$ 3Hano of Sumatrats a great 3JIano ano oeuioeo ano gouernco bp man? kings, anoaeni* 
 ceo into manp chattels, tobcre through there is pattage : ljpon thrbraciand tovuarncs the 
 82M is the kiugbomof Affi gouerueb bp aST9oore Ktng:trjis king 10 of great fo?ce anb flrengtlj, 
 as betbatbeGDcln's great htngbam, hatbmanp Jfotfis ana ©allies ♦ jn bis kingdom grotoetlj 
 great fto?e of $epper,©inger,Beniamin : be is arc totter enemp tothe Portugals,ano barb bitters 
 titttts bene at Malacca to fight agatnlr it,ano hath cone great harme to the bo?oughcs tbereof,buc 
 tlje citie altoap toithtfaoo him baliantlp, and toiclj their omittance Bib great fpotle to |jis eampc.ac 
 length 31 came to thecitie of Malacca, 
 
 ■^fjE comma* 
 bitics ttjat 
 grain in ttje 
 SmgDoMOf 
 
 Affi. 
 
 Trie Citie Malacca. 
 
 1 
 
 ■ST&e Swat 
 
 tra&ertjatiaat 
 
 Malacca, 
 
 JCttfoe Moluc 
 
 cos t&ED laot 
 tjje Cloues,. 
 
 ^htfefnsoome 
 
 ofAfla. 
 
 •EljefttPOf 
 Bjugti.to tec 
 liioD a! tjje 
 Poitugali. 
 
 3tarrt)8llot 
 bifcoiwicc. 
 
 chiuiabitbet 
 
 t[)f gonrrii- 
 wrrtt of tlje 
 great T« tar. 
 
 MAIaccatsaCt'tfeoTmarueitousgreattraoeofallktnDofmnrelianbije, tofjtel) come front 
 biucrs partes,becaufe that allthe ifcippes thatfaile in thefe feas, both great anb fmall, are 
 bound to touch at Malacca to pate their cufiomc there, although thep bnlabe nothing at all,as toe 
 boe at Elfinor : .ano if bp night thep efcape atoap, anb pap not their cutlomc, then the? fall into a 
 greater banger after : fo? if thep come into the Indies anb hatte not the feale of Malacca, the? 
 pap double cuilcme. 31 baue not pau^urtber then Malacca totoards the €a8, but that tohicb) 
 31 toil fpcake of here is bp goob information of them that hatte bene tbere.Cbe failing from Ma- 
 lacca fotoards the Call isnot common for all men, as to China ano Iapan,ano fo fojtoarbs to go 
 toho toilljbut onelp fo? the king of Portugal! anb his nobles.tottb leaue granted bnto them of the 
 king to make fuchboiagcs,or to the mrifotction of the captaine of Malacc3,tohere Ijc crpecteth to 
 knoto tokat boiages thep make from Malacca thither, $ thefe are the kings boiages, that etterp 
 pcre there bepartetlj fro Malacca 2.galltonsoftbekings,oneoftkegaecbto pMoluccos tolabe 
 C!oues,ano the other gocth to B3nda to labe jSutmcgs ano 3&aces» Cbefe ttoo galliong are la* 
 ben fo? the fcing,ncithcr boc thep caric anp particular mans goons, fauing the postage of the Spa* 
 riners ano fbuldiers, anb fo? this caufe thep are not boiages for marefcants, becaufe that going 
 thtther,tbep fyal not bauc inhere to laoe their goods of rcturnc;anobeiioestljis,tlje captaine toilt 
 not carp anpmarchant fo? either of thefe ttoo places. Cherc gee fmall fbippes of the Moores thi* 
 ther.toin'ch come from the coatl of Iaua, anb change 0? guilo their commobiticsin tbekingooro 
 of Afla,ano thefe be theSfaceSjCloue^anb J9utmegs,tohicb gofo? the (freights of Mecca.Che 
 Dotages that the king of Portugall granted) to bis nobles are thefe, of China ano Iapan , from 
 Cninatolapan, anofromlapan to China, ano from China to the Indies, andtbebopageof 
 Bengal, Maluco, ano Souda, toitbtbelaBing of tme cloth, anbeuetp fort of 35umbatt cloth. 
 Sondais anJlanooftbcMooresnccrctotbecoalioflaua, ano there theplade pepper fo?Chi- 
 na. Che fljip that gottheuerppeerc from the Indies to China, is called the fnip of Drugs, be« 
 caufe (be earteth DiuerS o?ttgs of Cambaia, but the grcatcfi part of her lacing is filtter ♦ from 
 Malacca to China is eighteene hundred miles t ano from China to Iapan goeth euerppeere a 
 ll)ippeofgrcatimpo?tancelacentoith^ilfee,tohtchfo?tctitrneoftheirg>ilkeb?iugethbarresof 
 (titter tohttljtheptruckeinChina, Che billance bettoeene China ano Iapan is foureano ttoen* 
 ttchunojeb utiles, ano in this toap there are biucrs 31lanbs not bcrpbigge, tntohtchthejTrieriS 
 offaintPaul,bpthehelpeof<Soo, make manp£b?h3«ans there like to tbemfelues* ^rom thefe 
 aianoshithettoaros tlj e place is not pet otfeouerco fo? the great fljolonelTe of gmnocs that thep 
 t5no.ChePortugalsh3uemaocafmallcitieneerebntotl)ecoa0ofChinacalleo Macao, tohofe 
 church anb houfes are of toooo,ano it hatb abiujop?ike,but the cudoms belong to the king of Chi- 
 na,anti thep goe anb pap the fame at a citie called Canton, tohtch is a citie of great importance 
 ano tocrp beautifitll ttoo bapes tottmep anb a halfefrom Macao . Che people of China are Gen- 
 tilcs ,ano are fo iealous anb fearefull, that thep tooulo not hauc a Cranger to put his foote toithin 
 their lano *.fo that tohen the Portugals go thither to pap their cufiome, anotobuptljeirmarcljan* 
 Dije, tljep toil! not confentthat thep u)all lie o?loogetoitbin the citie, but feno them foo?th into 
 the fuburbesXhe countrep of China is neere the kingoom of great Tarcaria, anb is a berp greac 
 couutrep of the Gentiles anb of greac importance, tohtch map be tubgeb bp the rich an° precious 
 marchanow that come from thence, tljen tohtch 3jbeleeuet|)ece are not better no? in greater 
 n uant it it in the tolj ole tooulo bellbes* 
 
 Jft'tit, 
 
-- — ^ -nr ii- -- i i" iihimiiiiim- 
 
 M,Qafar /*ratenc^.Traffiques and Difcoueries. 229 
 
 jTitft, great flo?e of goloctobich thep carie to tjje Indies, maoe in plates like to Itttle fbtppcs, 
 ano in faaluc tJjjf c anti ttoentie caraccs apeece, oerp great abounoance of fmeftlke, dot!) of 
 Damaf ke ano taffata , great quantitie of mttfke , great qttancme of 2Dtc.ni in barrcs , great 
 quantitie of quickfilucr ano of Cinaper, great fto?e of Camfo?a , an infinite quantitie of ty: y- 
 cellane.maoetn beflels ofoiuerfe fb?tes, great quantitie of painteo cloth ano fquares , mfi= 
 mtefto?eof the rootes of China: anoeuerp peere there comrnctb from China to the Indies, 
 ttoo 0) tb?ee great fljtppes, laocn toitb moff tic^ ano precious marcbanoife, Che Eabsrbc tmr 
 mech from thence ouerlanoe, bp tbe toap of Perfia,becaufe that euerp peere there goetbagrent 
 Catouan from Perfia to China, toljicb is in going thither fire monetbs, ^be Carouan arnuc ttj M *""'» € ** 
 at a Citie calleoLanehin, the place tobere tbe ferns is reGoent toitb bis Court. 31 {pake toitb a K mciL. 
 Perfian that toas th?ce pceres in that citie of Lanchin ,ano be toloe me tbat it toas a great Citie 
 ano of great importance, Cbe boiages of Malacca tubicb are intbeiurifoiction of the Captaine 
 of tbe cattle , arc tbefe : Cuerp peere be fenoeth a fmall ftjippe to Timor to lace tubtte <§>an= 
 aols , foj all tbe bed commetb from this 3llano : tbere commetb fome alfo from S olor , but tljat 
 its not Co gooo: alfo be fenoetb anotljer fmall ftjip euerp pere to Cauchin China,to laoe there toooo 
 of Aloes.fo? tbat all tbe toooo of Aloes commetb from this place, toljich is in tbe firme lano nee re 
 onto China , ano in tbat kiugoome 31 cotilo not knotuc boto tbat toooo grotoeib bp anp meanes, 
 3fo? tbat tbe people of tbe cotmtrcp loill not fuffer tbe Portugales to come ioitbin tbe lano , but 
 onelp fo? toooo ano tuater, ano as fo? all otber things tbat tbcp toanteo , a? bictuals o ? marchan - 
 Btfe, tbe people b?ing tbat a boo?o tbe fljip in fmallbarkes, fo that euerp Dap tbere is a marc kept f™"^] *'j* 
 in tbe Ibip, butill fucb time as (be be laocn : alfo tbere goetb another fijip fo? tbe fato Captaine of %ij>s. ° 
 Malacca to Sion, to laoe Sler^ino : all tbefe Dotages are fo? tbe Captaine of tbe cattle of Malac- 
 ca, ano toben be is no t Difpofeo to make tbefe Dotages, be felleth them to anotber. 
 
 The citie of Sion, or Sim. 
 
 Sion toas tbe imperial! feat > ano a great Citie, but in thepeercof ourlo?o (Sooonethou-- 
 fano fiue btmo jeo Grtie ano feuen , it tuas taken bp tbe king of Pegu , tobicb king maoe a 
 Bopage o j came bp lanoe fottre monetbs iournep toitb an armie of men tb?ougb bis lauoe , ano 
 rlje number of bis armie mas a million ano foure Ijunojctb (boufano men of toarre : toben bee 
 came to the Citie , he gaue affattlt to it , ano befiege» it one ano ttoentte monetbes befoje be ^Sr 
 toulo totnne it, toitb great loffe of bis people , this 31 knoto ,fo? that 31 toas in Pegu fire monetbs jfef? m * 
 after his Departure, ano fatoe toben that bis officers that toere in Pegu , fent fiue buno?etb thou= 
 fano men of toarre to furnifb theplacesof them that toere fiaine ano lott intbataffault: peefo? 
 all this, if there IjaD not beene treafefo agatnfl tbe citie, it bao not beene loff : fo? on a night there 
 to as one of the gates fet open , through tbe tobicb t»tth great trouble the king gate into tbe citit, 
 ano became gouernour of Sion : ano toljen the Cmperour Catoe that he tuas betrapeo , ano tfjat 
 his enemie toas in the citie, he popfoneo himfelfe : ano his tomes ano chile? jen, frienDs ano noble 
 men, that toerenot flaixte in the firfi affront of the entrance into the citie, toere all cartes capttucs 
 into Pegu,tobere 31 toas at the comming home of the king toith his triumphs ano nictoiictuijtch 
 comming home $ returning from tbe toarres toas a goooip fight to bebolo , to fee the Cicpijants 
 tome home in a fquare , laocn toitb goloe, filuer, tetoels, ano toith jftoble men ano toomen that 
 toere taken p?ifoners in tljat citie, 
 
 jSotuto returne to mp Dopage: 31 Departeo from Malacca in a great fbippe tohicb toentfo? 
 *§>aint Tome, being a Citiefttuateontbecoafiof Cotomandeh atio becaufe the Captatne 
 of the catties of Malacca haDbnDerfianDingbpaouife that the king of *Afli lootilocome toith *©jAchtm. 
 a great armie ano potoer of men againQthem , therefore Dpou tljts he tooulo not giuelicence 
 that anp fbippes fbottlo Depart : QUIjercfo jc in this fijtp toee DeparteD from thence in the night, 
 toitbout making anp p?ottilton of our tuater : ano toee toere in that fijippe foure buno jetb ano 
 oDoe men : toe Departeo from thence toith intention to goe to an 3 lano to take in turner , but the 
 tumors toere fo contrarp , tbat tbep tooulo not fuffer bs to fetch it , fo that bp t Ijts meanes toee 
 toere ttoo ano fojtie oapes in the fea as it toere lofl , ano toe toere ojiuen too ano fro , fo tbat 
 the firli lanoetbattoc oifcouereo, toas beponoe Saint Tome, mote then fiue bunD?etb miles 
 tohicb toere the mountaines of Zerzetline , neere onto tbe kingoome of Orifa , ano fb toee w^ moun* 
 tame to Orifa toith manp ftcke , ano mo?e that toere ocao fo? toant of tuater : ano tbcp that **™ s of z «- 
 toere ficke in foure oapes opeo : ano 31 fo? the {pace of a peere after hafl mp tb?oat fa fo?c ano "' mt 
 hoarfe,that 31 cottlo neuer fatiffie mp thirftin o?inking of tuater: 31 inoge the reafon of mp hoarfc= 
 neffeto bee toitb foppes that 31 toetin oineger ano ople , loheretoith 3! fufiepneo mp fclfe 
 manp oapes ♦ 'Chew toas not anp toant of bjeao no? of toine : but the toincs of tljat countrep 
 
 V ate 
 
 ttpjmcrofa 
 
 I 
 
<3fjc common 
 Sines that go 
 
 OUtOfOrila. 
 
 Iiits :lot}j tec 
 call jficrtle 
 dot|). 
 
 230 TheEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations,4^.6*^ Frederic!^ 
 
 are fo bot tijat being Djunke toitbout toater tbep tottl bill a man : neither are tbep able to Diinke 
 t Ijcnx : to ben toe beganne to toant toater, 3 fatoe certaine Moores tbat toerc officers in the Gup, 
 tbat foloe a fmall Dilb fail fo? a ottckat , after tbis 31 fatoe one tbat tootilo baue giucn a u acre 
 of pepper, tobicb is t\uo qutntallesi ano abalfe.foialitlemeafureof toater, anoljecoulo not 
 bsue it, ^Eruelp 3 beleettetbat 3 ban oieo toitb mp flaue, tobomtljcn 3 ban to feme mee, 
 tobicb cod mee bcrie oeare: but to pjouioe fo j t be oaunger at banc , 3 foloe mp flaue foj balfe 
 tbat be toas tooitb , becaufe tbat 3 foulo faue bis o?inke tbat be ?tmke, to ferae mp otone pur- 
 pofe, ano to fauemp life. 
 
 Of the kingdomc oiOrifa^ and the riuer Ganges. 
 
 ORifatoas a faire kingoome ano trultic,thiougb the tobicb a man might bane gone toitb 
 goloe in bis banoe toitbout anp Daunger at all, as long as tbe latoefull Kmg reigneo 
 tobicb toas a ©entile, tobo continueo in the citie calleoCacecha, tobicb toas toitbtn tbe Inno 
 fire oaves iouwep, ©Risking lotteo flrangersmarueilous tocll , cfpcciallpmarcbants tobicb 
 baa traffiqtte in ano out of bis feingoome, in fucb toife tbat bee tooulo take no cuQome of tbem, 
 neither anp ottjer grieuous tljing, ©ne(p tbefijippe tbat came thither papoe a fmall thing ac< 
 toeing to bee poitage, ano euerp pecre in tbe poit of Orifa tocre laoen fiue ano ttoentie o* tbir* 
 tie fijtps great ano fmall, toitljrpce ano oiuers fortes of fine totjftf LumbaCte dotb,ople of Zer- 
 zeline tobicb t hep make of a feeo, ano it is berp pjooo to eate ano to frp Sflj toitbal , great Coie of 
 butter, Hacca, long pepper, (Singer, Spirabolans t>?p ano conoite , great Ho ie of clotb of berbes, 
 tobicb is a kinoc of Hike tobicb grotoeib amongQ tbe toooos toitbout anp labour of man , ano 
 toljen tbe bole thereof is grotoen rouno as bigge as an ©icnge,tben tbep take careoneip to ga= 
 tber tbem. about Grceenepeerespatt, tbis king toitb bis kingoome toereoeffroptobp tbe king 
 of Patane , toljtcl; toas alfo king of tlje greatefl part of Bcngala , ano toben be Ijao got tbe king* , 
 Dome, be fee cutlorae tbere ttoentp pro cento , as spar chants paioe in Ijis kingoome : but tbis 
 tpiant eniopeo bis kingoome but a fmall time, but teas cenquereo bp another tpiant , tuljirjj 
 toas tbe gteat Mogol king of Agra, Delly , ano of all Cambaia , mttrjouc anp refinance. 3 
 oeparteo from Oriia to Bcngala, to tbe harbour Piqueno, lurjtcl) is Dittant from Orifa tomatoes 
 tbe&aQabuMneoanofcuentiemiles. 'Sbepgoeasit toere rotoingalongtt ttje coafffiftieano 
 foure miles, ano tben toe enter into tberiuerGanges:fromtbemoutb of tl;is riuer, to acitie 
 calico Satagan,tobcre tbe marcljants gatber tljemfi lues together toitb tbeir traoe,are a Ijimo jeo 
 miles , tobicb tbep rotoe in eighteene boures toitb tbe increafe of the toater : in tobicb riucr it 
 flotoccbano ebbetb asitootbintbe'StbamiB, ano toben tbe ebbing toater is come, tbep are not 
 able to rotoe agatntt it, b^ reafon of tbe ftoiftneffe of tbe toater , pet tbeir barkes be Itgbt ano 
 armeo toitb oares, like to jfoides, pet tbep cannot pjeuaileagainft tbat ffreame, but fo? refuge 
 mftft make tbem fas to tbe banke of tbe riuer bnttll tbe nert flotoing toater , ano tljep call tbefe 
 barkesBazarasano Patuas 1 tbep rotoe as toelt as a ©allict, 0? as tocll as euer Jtjaur fane a< 
 np, 9 gooo ttoes rotoing befoje pou come to Satagan , pou (ball baue a place toljicb is calico But- 
 tor, ano from tbence uptoaros the Qjips Doe not goe, becaufe tbat optoaroes tbe riuer isberp 
 fballotoe, ano Sick toater. <£uerppeere at But tor tbep make ano onmake a aiillage, toitb boufes 
 anoujoppes maoeofftratocano toitb all things neceflaric to ttjeirvfes,anO tbis billageffan* 
 oct I) as long as tbe fbips rioe there , ano till tbep Depart fo? tbe Indies , ano toben tbep arc Depar*- 
 teo, cuerp man goetlj to bis plot of boufes , ano tbere ft : ttctb tire on tbem, tobicb 'bing maoe me 
 tomaruaile. f 02 as 3 pafleobp to Satagan, 3fatoe tbisbillage ftanomg toitb agrcatnum* 
 ber of people, toitb an infinite number of H)tps ano Toa^arSjano at mprcturnecomming Dotonc 
 toitb mp Captaine of tbe laff fbip , foi tobom 3 tarrieo , 3 toas al ama^eo to fee fucb a place fo 
 foone ra?r d ano burnt,* nothing left but the Ggne of the burnt Ijoufcs^he fmall fbips go to Sa- 
 tagan, ano there rbep laoe. 
 
 Of the citie of Satagan. 
 
 1313 tbe po?c of Satagan euerp pe ere laoe tbirtie 01 fiue ano tbtrtie fbtps great arm fmall , toitb 
 rtce,cIotbofBombatlof oiuerfefoitcs, JLacca, great abunoance of fugar , spirabolans on* 
 cDanopjefcrueD.Iongpeppcr.opleofZerzeline.anomanpotberfojtBofmarcbanDife, Cbeci* 
 tie of Satagan is a reasonable fatre citie fo; a citie of tbe Moores, abounoing toitb all tbings,ano 
 toas gouerneD bp the king of Patane , ano noto is fubicct to tbe great Mogol , 3 teas in this 
 kingoome foure moncebs ,tobereasmanpmarcbants Diobup 01 Fratgrjt boates foubeir bene-- 
 fites , ano toitb tbefe barkes tbep goe bp ano ootone tbe rmcr of Ganges to faires , buping tbeir 
 
 coramoDP 
 
 ^betliirtof 
 
 Cangci. 
 
 €rje camtiio. 
 BuiCBttjataK 
 SaociUllSatB-, 
 San. 
 
M.Ctejar /Vc^m^.Traffiques and Difcouenes. 231 
 
 commoDiiie toitlj a great aauantage jtircaufctijat e«crpoai> in tljetoeefcetbepljauca tdire.noui 
 
 in one place, ann novo in anotber , ana 31 alfo Ijirca a barkc ana toent lip anD aotonc the rurcc mio 
 
 BiBmpUuruicffe,anofatntljenigbt3 fsto manp flrange tljitigs* CbefcingBomeofBeDgala in 
 
 ttmcja paft IjatlJ bsne a;5 it mere m c be potocr of Moorcs, nctiercbclclTc t Ijere ig grcac Cf n?c of iScit= 
 
 tiles among tbcm; aDuapcs toljcrcas 31 Uauc Tfioftenof ©entiles, is to becnocrirooD 3criatcrs, 
 
 ana toheras 3 fpeak of Moores 31 mean* Mahomets fect.'Ojofe people efpeciaiip tbat be toitljiu iwm"tM$ 
 
 tlje lanB Doe greatlp too?lbip tbe riucc of Ganges : fo? totjen anp is firi?C,be is bjougfjt out of the i 10 ™'- 
 
 countrep to t|e bankeof tlje t iuer, ana tljere tljcp make bint a fhtall cottage of tlratoc, ana euerp 
 
 aap tbep toet bint toitlj tljat toater, toljereoftljrre ate tnanp t!jat Die, ana toljcn tljcp ate oeaa,tljep ^"1™$ of 
 
 mskeabeapcofflickesanBbougljesanalaprbcDeaouotiie tljctecn, ana putting fire tljereunto, mfcouju"? arf 
 
 tbep let tljeboaie alone btuill it be balfe rottca,ano tljen tbep take it offfromtljc fire, ana make 6caD ' 
 
 an emptie iarre fall about bis neckc , ana fo tlj?oto Ijtm into the riuer, 'ClKfc tljings euerp nigbt 
 
 as 31 pafTeo toy ana Bonwe tbe niter 31 fato fo? tljefpaceof tttjomonetljs, as 31 paffl'D Co tlje fap?rs 
 
 to bupmpcommooicies toitb tbe marebaiits;8natbis is tbe caufe tljat tlje lj3o?tLigalcstoillt-.oc 
 
 DjinAeof tbe toater of tbe titter Ganges , pet to tlje llgbt it is mo?c petfect ana clearer tljcn tbe 
 
 toater of Nilus 13. Jfromtfje po?r Piqueno3tocnt toCochin,anB from Cochin to Malacca, 
 
 from tobence 31 aepartea fo? Pegu being eigbt buna j ea miles aidant, Cljat uopr.ge is tooont 
 to be maae in rate ana ttoentie 0? tbiitic oapcS; but tue toere foure moneys , ano at f be enacof 
 tb?ee monetbs out fljtp toas toitbottt victuals , 'Sbe pilot tola bs tbat tocetocre bp bis altituoe 
 not facte from a citie callea Tanafary, in tbe kingoome of Pegu, auotbifeljisu)o?asu.;erc net 
 true, but toe toere(as it toere) in tlje mtODle of manp 3lanos, ana manp bninljabitea rcckes , «uq 
 tbcre toere alfo fome po?cttgales tljac affirmeo tbat tljep fcneto tbe lana , ana knetoe alfo mijerc 
 t^e Citie of Tanafari toas, 
 
 'Sfjis citie ofrigbt belonged? to tbefcingaomcofSion, to&icb is Situate on a great rttiens 
 fioc , tobtclj c.immetlj out of tbe kingoome of Sion : ana tobere tljis tiuer runnetb into tlje fca, 
 tbere is a tollage callea Mirgim,intobofe baruo'nr euerp peere tbere laae feme fljipg toitb t[Ier?i< «S?iS&o«j 
 *a, )!5ppa,anD'Beniamm,afcn)cloues,mttmegsanBmacesiDbicbcomefromtbccoaltofSioii, sio ". 
 huttbegreatefi marcbanaifc trjercis Jlerjtn ana jiSppa, tobtclj is anercelletit totne,teb:cljiiS 
 maae oftbefloure of a tree callea jfrpper, ffiKljofeliquontttepaiflill.anofomakeanercellent 
 5?inke cleare as civilian , gooo to tbe moutb, ana better to tbe itemake , ana it Ijatb an ercellcnc 
 gentlc»ertue,tbatifonewercrottenu)itbtbe frcncljpockes,a?in&tng gooB!lo?eoftbts, be 
 fballbetoboleagaine, ana 31 bauefeeneitp?ouea, becattfe tljat tufjen 3! toas inCochio, tljere 
 toas a fricna of mine, tobofe nofe beganne to a?op atoap toitlj tbat oifeafr, ana be to<*s counfJelleo ^ ipn taim , 
 of tbe aoeto?s of pbificke, tbat be (boula goe to Tanafary at tbe time of t\)e neto toincs , ana tbat boob to out 
 lie ffjoula a?inke of tbe wpper toine, nigbt ano aap, as mud) as be coulo bcfo?e it teas aiflilleD, mfcaft""' 6 
 tobicbat tbat time is tnoBacItcate, but after tbat it is Bimllea, it is mo?e flrong, ana if pott 
 fijlnke mucb of it, it tntll fume into tlje Ijeaa toitlj a junkennelte* ftbisman Jsctit tbitber, ana aio 
 lb , ana 31 baue fcene bint after vuitb a gooa colouc ana founa. ^Ijis urine is uerp mucb elieemeo . 
 m tlje Jnotes, ana fo? tljat it is b?ougljt fo farrc off, it is Derp aeare t in Pegu o?ainariIptc 
 fegooacbeape, becaufeitisneerer to tbeplace intjere tljep make it, ana tljere is enerp peere 
 great nuantitie maaetbercof, 9no returning to mp purpofe,31 fap,bcing amongtttbefe rockes, 
 ana facrc from tbe lana tobtcbis otter againflt Tanafary t toitrj great fcarritie of victuals, ano 
 tbat bp tbe faping of tlje Pplot ana ttoo pojtugales , bolaitig tben tirme tbat toee toere in 
 front of tbe afoiefapoljarbour, toe oetetminen to goe tbitljertoitlj our boat anBfctcbaictttals, 
 ano tljat tlje ftjippe fljoulo flap fo? ijs in a place affignea. 22te toere ttoentie ana eigljt perfons iii 
 tbe boat tbat toent fo? victuals , ana on a aap about ttoelue of tlje clocke toe toent from tbe (bip, 
 alluring ourfelues to bee intbeljarbourbcfo?enigbtintbe afo?efaiapo?t, toee rotoeo all tbat 
 nap, ana a great part of tbe nertmgtjt, anD all tlje nert aap toitboue finaingb arbour, 0? anp 
 figne of gooo ianaing , ano this came to paffe tb?ougb tbe euill counfell ef tlje ttoo ]po?tugalciS 
 tljat toere toitlj bs. 
 
 jfb? toe Ijaa cuerlljot tlje barbour ano left it bebtna bs , in fucb toife tljat toe IjaD lot! tlje lanae 
 i'nbabtteDjtogetber toitb tbe (ijippe, anD toe eigbt ana ttoentie men bao no maner of aictuall toitlj 
 bs in tbe boate, but it toas tbe lo?ostoill tbat one of tbe spariners b«D b?ougbta littertce 
 toitb btm in tlje boate to barter atoap fo? fome otber tbing, ana it toas not fo mucrj but tbat tb?ce 
 0? foure men toonla baue eaten it at a meale: 3 tooke tbegouernmentoftbislSpce,p?omiltng &„& j^ 
 tbat bptbe belpe of (Sob tljat Upce ftjoulobe nouridjment fo? us until it pleafta <Soa to fena os to miuiat tun 
 fome place tljat to as tnbabiteo: 9 to^en 3 Kept 3 put tlje rpce into mp bofome becaufe tbep ujoula 
 aotrob it from met toe toere nine aaies rotoing alongft tlje coafl , toitljout finaing anp tbing but 
 tountrepsbniitbabitcD,^ Defect lianas , tobere if toe baa founa but graffe it tooula baue feemeD 
 
 V a ftigaj 
 
li 
 
 231 The hngliihV oyages,Nauigations.,./lf.C>/^r trederkk^ 
 
 fugarbnto bs, bat toee couto not ftnoe anp, petto founD a fetoeltaues of a tree, auo tlnp 
 toere foharo that toe coulD not cbctoe them, toe Ijao toater anD toooD fuffx:ent, anD as toee 
 rotoco, toecoulogoe but bp flotoing toater, fo? tohen it toas ebbing to«ter,toee mane fatt 
 out boat to tbe banke of oHe of tbof«: Stances , anb in thefe nine capes tbat toe rctoco , toe founD 
 acaueojnfft of Tortoifes cgges.tobcrein toere onebiinb?cDfo?tieanDfouceggcs,tbetobicb 
 toasagreatbclpcbtuobs: tbcfccggcsareasbiggeasabeimescgge, ano baucno lfatlabout 
 tbembutatawerfkinne, euerp Dap toe foDDeakcttle fulloftljofe egges, toitb an iianbfullof 
 ricein tbe b?otlj thereof: itpleafeD^SoDtbatattbeenDcofnine bapes toe DifcouerrB certaine 
 fitber men , a filing toitb fmall barkes , anb toe totocc totoarocs tbcm, toitb a gooo cbrare, fo? 
 31 tljiukc there toere neuer men mo?e glaD tben toe toere , fo? tore toere fo fojc afflicttb toitb 
 penurir, tbittoecoulo fcarceflanDe on our Iegges. 39ctarcojDmgtotbeo?Dcr tbat toe fet fo? 
 ourrpce.tolientoefatoe tbofefiCber men, there toas leftfutficient fo? foureDapes, "Cbe fit!! 
 .•■T«uaytoii6tt billage tbattoe came to teas in tbe gulfeofTauay, bnoer tbekmgof Pegu, tobereastoefouno 
 tjieniiiBof great lloje of bictualastbenfojttoao? tb?ee napes after our arriualltbcre, toe tooulb eate but 
 ' 6U ' litlemeateaiipofbs,anipetfo?aIlt^ts,toetocrcattl)ei)ointofbcatl)tbemoflpart ofbs.^rom 
 
 Tauay to Martauan , in cbe kingaome of Pegu, are feHentte ctoo miles, <LWLe laoco rur bote toitb, 
 bictuals tobicb toere abounoanelp fufficient fo? fire monctbs,from tobencc tocDepattcb foj the 
 pojtano ©tie of Martauan , tobereinlhajcttmctoearriueD.buctoe founbnot our fbip there 
 as toe bab tbottgbt toe fboulD , from tobence p?efentlp toe maoe out ttoo barkes to gee to lookc 
 fojber. anothep founD ber in great calamitie , anb neebeof toater, being at an anker toitfj a 
 contrarp toinbe, tobicb came berp ill to patfc, becaufe tbat flje toanteo her boat a monetb, tobicb 
 iboulo baue maoe ber pjoufion cf to. ob anb toater , tbc fbippe alfo bp ffce grae of (Sod arrtuto 
 fafelpin ttie afo^efaio pojtof Martauan , 
 
 The Citie of Martauan. 
 
 Martnuanatitte \7\7 ^ ^* ' n ^ e ^' £te °^ Martauan nfoetic TPo?tugaIes of gpercbants anD otber bate 
 
 unser" tjt huij V V men, toiiicb Ijad fallen at Difference tottlj tbe fteto? o? gcttcrnour of tbe citie , anD all 
 
 ot Pegu. f j t ^ tg caH f e - t j jat C ertaine bagabonbes of tbe po?tugales lab flaine fiue falcfcincs of tbe king 
 
 of Pegu, tefcfc!) cbaunreo about a monetb after tlje king of Pegu teag gone toitb a million ana 
 
 fture bunD?eotbottfanDmentoconqucretbekino;Domeof Sion, Cbcpbaue fo? cuComcintbis" 
 
 Countrepano kingocme, tbe king being toberetoeuerbts pleafure is to bee out of his king* 
 
 uciiiiom tfiat Dome, ttjat euerp fifteen? oapes tljere goetbfrcm Pegu aCarouanof Jfalcbines, toitb euerp 
 
 KtoSn/tbe one a bafket en bis bean full of feme fruites o? otber Delicatcss of rcfrcfljingsi , atiD toit& 
 
 htnsieint&e cJeane clorfjes : it cbaitnceD tbat tlj;s Carouan palling bp Maitauan , anD reQmg tbcmfelues 
 
 towtea. t ^ m a nis |, t ^ t j^ re ^pp en£D bcujjeene tbe pojtngales aim tljcm toojDcss of oefpigbt, an» 
 
 from toojoes toblotoes, ano brcaufc it toas tbougbt tbat cbe pojtugalcs baD tbe toojfe, tbe 
 
 Viigbt follotoing , toljen tlje jFalcbines toere a flieepe toitb tbeir cempanie, tbe po^tugales totnc 
 
 MUtoinPcgu anD cut off fiusofttjdrbeaDs. |3ototbereisa latoe in Pegu, tbat toboCbeuer killetbaman,b« 
 
 to( Miiing of (ball bup tbe fteD Wood toitb bismonep , accojoing to tbe eflate of tbe perfon tbat is flaine, 
 
 mm ' but tbefe iTalcvjirea being tl;c ferttants of tlje king , tlje Ketojs Durfl not Doe anp tbing in tbe 
 
 matter, toitbout tbe confent of tbe king, becaufe it toas neceffarie tbat tbe king fi;culD knotoe 
 
 of fttcb a matter, cltlljcn tlje hing baD knotoleDgetbereof,begauecommaunDement tbat tbe 
 
 malefactors ft) juId be kept bntill bis comming borne, anbtbenbe tooulDDtielp mitufltr tuftice, 
 
 but tbe Captaine of tbe ^ojtugales tooulo not oeliuer trjofe men , but ratber fee bimfclfe 
 
 toitb all tlje red in armeiS , ano toent euerp oav tb?ougb 'be Citie marcbing toitb his Dmmme 
 
 anDcnftpesbifplapD, tfoi at t^at time tlje Citie toas emptic of men, bpreafontbep toere gone 
 
 all to tbe toarrcs anD in buCneffe of tbe king : in tbe miDoett of tbis rumour toee came tbitb«r» 
 
 mmt pifbeof nK0 31 tl ' ou 8 f ' t t a flrange 'bing to fee tbe Ipojiugalfs bfe fucb infolencic in anotbermana 
 
 mtPonugaits. Citie. 9ttD3IQooDeinDutbtoftbat toljicbcameto ptiffe, anb tooulb not bnlaocmpgooas be* 
 
 caufe tbat tbep toere mo?e fure in tbe fbippe tbenon tbe lanb, tbe grcateft part of tbe Ia« 
 
 Ding toas tbe otoners of tbe fbippe, toljo toas in Malacca , pet there toere Diucrfe marcbantjS 
 
 there , but tbeir gooos toere of fmall importance , all tljofe merchants tolbe me tbat tbep tooulo 
 
 not bnlace anp of their gooos thrre, bnleffe 31 tootilDbnlaoefirft, pet after tbep left mp coun* 
 
 fell ano follotoeo tbeir otone , anD put tbetc goons a lanoc ano loll euerp tobit* Cbe Recto? 
 
 toitb tbe ettflomerfent fo? mre, ano DrmaunoeD tobp 3! putnotmpgooDsalanDe, anDpapen 
 
 mpruflome as other men did ■: Cotobom 3]anftoereo,tbat 3!toasamarcbanttbattoasnetolp 
 
 come tbitbtr , snb feeing ftirtj Difo?i;er amongfl tbe ljDo?tugalcsf , 31 DoubteD tbe loffeof mp gooDjt 
 
 tobicij coil mc berp oea;r, toitb tbe ftoeateof mp face, anb fo? tbis caufe 3! toas cctcrmmeD not 
 
 to 
 
M.Qefar Frederick. TraffiquesandDilcouenes. 2^ 
 
 to put mp gooDS on lauoe , untill fucb time as bis Ijonour touulD alum: me in tlje name of tbe 
 fcmg,tbatafboul:ibauenoloffe,attDa!tljottgljtljcre came fjarme to t[^ pjjtugatea, tljat nct= 
 tljec 31 no?mp poos (IjotilDbaue .inp Ijtttt , becattft 31 ijao ueitljerpart no? anp Difference toitlj 
 tbem in tbis tumult: mpreafon founeeo toeH in tljcRecojs cares, aim fo p?efentlp Ijc fent 
 fo? tbe TBargits ,toljiclj are as Counfellers of tbe Citie, ano tljcrccbcp p?omifeo mee on trje 
 kings rjeaoo? in tlje bebalfe of tlje king, tljat ncicl)ct 31 no? mp gooDs fljoulD Ijatie anp Ijarme, 
 but tljat toe djoulo be fafe ano fttre: of toljubp?oirafetl)eretocremaDcpublikc notes. 3nD t!;cn 
 31 fent fo? mp gocos ano bao tbem on lano , ano papDe mp cutlcme , tobicb is in tljat countrep ten 
 in tbebunojctb ofrrje fame gooes , ano fo? mp mojefecunttc 31 tooke aboufe rtgbt againft oje 
 Reto?$ Ijoufc. Cbe Captaineof tbep>?tugales, ano all tl;e Portugal! marcbants mere put 
 out of tbe Citie , ano 31 usitlj ttoentte ano ttoo pooje men tobiclj lucre officers in tlje ujippe , 
 Ijaomp Dwelling in tlje Citte. &fter tbis , tbe ©cuttles oeuifcoto be reuengeo of tbc^)o?tu= 
 gales ; but tbep tooulo not put it in execution untill fuel; time as our fmall fiuppe ban oifcbargeo 
 allljer goons, ano tljeu tbe nert nigljt follotoiugcame from Pegu foure tboufano fculDiecs tottb 2L r {, SS£2 
 fome Clcpbants of toarre; ano befoje tljat tbep maoe anp tumult in tlje citie , tlje Keto? fent, 
 anogauecommaunoement toalipo?tngales tljat toerein tbe Cine, toben tbepbearo anp rtt> 
 rtutr o? nopfe , tbat fo? anp t'oing ttap ujoulo not goe out of tljeir bonfes , as tbep tciwereo tbeir: 
 otoneijealclj, &M foure Ijottres Mttljin nigljc 31 bcato a gt#at rumour anD nopfe cf men of 
 toarre, toitljCleubams tobicb fb?eto Dotonetkeouoiesoftbetoarc-boafes of tbelpo?tugales, 
 ano tljeir Ijoutes of toooo anottratoe.intbetobtclj fmnulc tbere acre fome Po?mgales toouh* 
 oeo.aiiDoneoftljcmflaine ; ancotbers toitljouc making j)?oofe of tbcirmanboooe, toljicbtbe Dap 
 uefo?e did fo b?agge, at tbat time put tbemfelttea to fliuljt moft l|) srmcfullp, arm fauso tbemicluea 
 a boo?D of title Grippes, tbat tocre at an anker in tbe harbour. , ano fome tiiat toerr m tbeir beos 
 fleo atoap nakeo ,anD tljat nigbt tbep carteo atoap all tlje Po?cugalles goaDs out of tbe fuburbes 
 into tbe Citie , ano tijofe \|3o?tugales tljat bao thtit gooos in tlje fuburbes alfo. Sftcrtbistlje 
 H3o?tttgales that mere fleooe into tbe ujfppes to faue tljemfcuns , tooke a nctoe courage 
 to tbemfelues , ano came on lance ano fct ftre on tbe boufes in tbe fuburbes , toljiclj boufes be- 
 ing maoe of boo?oc ano ttratoe , ano tbe toinoe blowing freuj , in fntall time lucre burnt ano 
 confumco, toitb tobicb tire balfe tfje Cttie Ijao like to Ijatie beene burnt; toljcn tbe H3o?tugales 
 Ijaooane tljis,tljep were toitljout all bope to recottet anp partof tljeir gooos agaiue, tobitb gooos 
 migbt amount to tbe fumme of firtecne tboufano oucbats , tobicb , tf tbep Ijao not fet fire to tbe 
 totuue,tbep migbt batte bao againe toitbont anp lofle at all, ®ljen tbe pojtugales bnoc rflanoing 
 tljat tbis tbing toas not oone bp tbe content of tlje king, but bp bis lieutenant ano tlje Ketoj 
 of tbe citie were uerpill content, knoiuingtbattbepljao maoc agreat fault, pet tbe nett mo?' 
 ning follouJing ,tbe Po?tugales beganne to benoe ano fijoot tbeir d?bfnance againtl tbe 2Ditiei 
 tobicb batterie of tbeirs conttnueo fottce oapeg, but alltoas in oaine , foi tbe lljotte neuer Ijtt tlje 
 Citie.butligbteoontbetopof afmillljillneereuntoit.fotinttbe titieljaonoljarme, Wfaxi 
 tbe KetoJ perceiueo tbattbe^ l^o?tugales maoe batterp agami! tht Citie, bie tooke one ano 
 ttoenticliDojtugales tbat toere tbere in tlje Citie, ano fent tijem foure milesinto tbe Countrep, 
 tbere totarrp mttill fucbtimeastbe otljerPo?tugalcs Were oeparteo, tbat maoe tbe battetie s 
 fcj&o after tbeir Departure let tbem goe at tljeir otone libertie witbout anp Ijarme Done unto 
 trjem, 31 mp felfe Was altuapcs inmp Ijoufe toitb a gooo guato appointeD me bp tlje Kcto?, tljat 
 no man Qjoulo ooe me iniurie , no? Ijarme me no? mp gooog; in fuel) toife tljat bee pcrfourmeo all 
 tbat be bao p?omifeo me in tbe name of tbe king, but Ije tooulo not let me Depart befo?c tlje com* 
 mingof tlje king.tobiclj toas greatlp to mp Ijinoerance, becaufe 31 toas ttoentp ano one monetbs 
 fequeffreo, tbat 31 coulo not bup no? fell anp kmoe of raarcljanoi?e, tijofe coinmooitics tljat 31 
 6?ougbt tbitber,toere peper.fanools, ano lpo?cellan of China:fotoljcn tbe king toas come borne, 
 31 maoe mp fnpplication unto bim, ano 31 toas licenceo to Depart toljett 31 tooulo. 
 
 jfrom Marcauan 31 Depaneo to gee to tlje cbiefett Citie in tbe kingoome of Pegu.tobiclj is nU 
 fo calleo after tbe name of tbe ktngoome,tobicb uopage ismaoe bp fca in tb?ee o? foure oaicsjtbep 
 map goe alfo bplanoe, but ttis better fo? bim tljat batbrttarcbanoi^e to goe bp fca ano Icffet 
 cljarge, 9no in tbis oopage pou (ball baue a Macareo, tobicb is one of tbe moft marueilous tljings 
 in tbe too?lo tbat nature batb to?ougbt, ano 31 neuer fato anp tljing fo baco to be bcleeueo as tljis, 
 to toit,t!ie greattnereafing $ oiminifljng of tlje toater tljere at one puuj o? maant,aitD tbe bo?rib!e a thing mori 
 eartljquakeanogreatnopfctbattbefaioMacareomaketbtobereitcommctb.^aieDcpatteDfrom "h""^? 8 * 
 Marcauan in batkes, tobiclj are like toourPplot boatcs; tottb tbe increafe of tlje toater, ano tommiiigof it 
 tbep goe as ftuift as an arrotor out of a boto, fa long as tbe tioe runnctb toitlj tbem, ano toben tlje ^oVSquSfe 
 toater isattbebigbeff ,tbeu tbepDjatoetbemfclues out of tljeCbancl! totoaroes fome bankc, 
 ano tbere tbep come to anker , ano toben tlje toater is oiminiujco , tljcu tbep reft on orp lano: 
 
 V J ano 
 
<3IhistitietB 
 ItketDCtteciDts 
 in our tmetof 
 
 Scuerae. 
 
 Cfiete tibes 
 
 IlMfcctllCIl Ulfi 
 
 cemfe 38 ours 
 bot. 
 
 234. The Englifli V oyages 7 Nauigations, Ad. Cefar Frederick 
 
 auD toben the barks rcOcojp , tljep arc as high from tlje bottome of tl)e€ljanell,as anp houfe top 
 is liislj from tlje grcttuD . Uljep let their barkes lie fo high fojtljtsrefpcct, tljat if there ffenulo 
 anp fljippe reft 0? rioein tlje Cljanell, toittj fttttj fojcc coinmetbin tlje toacer, that it tooulu 
 ouertbjobje fljippe 0? barke: pet fo? all tljis, that tlje barkes befo farre out of tbe Cban= 
 nell, ano though the mater ^ntljlofl Ijrr steatefiUreiigtlj ano fucie before it come fo high, pec 
 thep make fafi their pjotoe to tlje drcme , arm oftentimes it maketb them betp fearefull , ana 
 if the anker did notholoe Ijcr p?oto bp bp drcngtb , fljcc tooulD beouert[)?omenanDlod toitlj 
 men ano gooos, eOrjeutljc bjaterbrgmnctbtoincteafe, itmaktth fuclj anopfe ano fo peat that 
 pan tooulD tljtnke it an eartljfitiake , ano p?efentlp at tlje firfl it maketb tb?ee mattes. &o that 
 tbefirtttoaQjctlj ouer the barke, from ffcmme to deme, tijefeconois not fo furious as tlje fird, 
 ano the tljiroe rapfetlj the anker , ano then fo? the fpacc of Gre hourrs tobile the mater encrea« 
 feth , thep rotoe mitlj fucb fmiftnefle tljat pott tuoulo tbinke the? oio flp : in thefc tpocs there 
 mud be lot! no iot of time, fo? if pou arritie not at the dagions before tlje tpoe be fpcnt , pou mutt 
 tutnebncke from mljeneepott came, jr*o?tbercisnoflapingatanp place, but at tljefe dagions, 
 anD tljere tsmo?c ojuuger at one of thcfe places then at another, as thep be higher ano lobjer one 
 thenanotljer.KUfnaspouwturnelrtimPegutoMarrauaii^hepgoebutljalfethetiDeatatime, 
 becattfethep brill lap their bar&ea bp aloft on tlje bankes,fo? tlje reafbn afojeCapo. 3! eoulo ne» 
 tier gather atipreafonof the nopfe tbat tbis mater maketh in tlje increafe of the tice,am>inoe* 
 mintfbmg of tlje mater. Cberc is another Macareo hi Cambaya,bttt that is nothing in eompa* 
 rifonoftljts.TDptheljelpeof ©ooine camefafe to Pegu, mhtclj are ttoo cities, the oloeano tlje 
 netoe, in the oloc citte are the Sgarcbant firangers, anomarchantcs of tlje Countrep, fo? there 
 are the greatr d Doings ano the greated trace. Chis citte is not berp great,but it bath berp great 
 fuburbes. Z. Ijcir Ijoufes be maoe tuitb canes , ano couereo frith leattes , 0? mith tlratoc , but 
 tljemarchants haue all one houfe 0? Magafon, mijicb houfe thep callGodoniiiljicbismaoeof 
 b?tcte, ano there tljep put all their gooos of anp balure, to faue tljem fromtfje often mifcbaitces" 
 that there happen to houfes maoe of web ffuffe. 3In the neto citte is tlje pallace of the Ring, ano 
 Ijis abioingplacc mttrj all bisbarons ano nobIes,ano other gentlemen»an&in the time that 3! bias 
 tljere, the? uniujeo tbe builoing of the neb) citieut is a great citie, berp plaine ano flat, ano foute 
 fq;mre,ttjallcD rouno about, ano toitlj Ditches that eompafle the male about frith toatcr, in Vntjiclj 
 bicljesaremanpcrocooils, itbatljnoo?ame b?ioges,pcttt bath tbjcntie gates, fiue fo? euerp 
 fquare ontbe malles,there are manpplacesmaoefo? ccntinelti totoatch,maoeof toooo anbeoue- 
 reo ? guilt uritlj goto, tlje dreetes thereof are tbe fap?efl that 31 haue feene, thep are as dreigbt 
 as a line from one gate to another, ano dancing at tbe one gate pou map Dtfcouec to tbe other,antJ 
 tljep are as b?oao as 1 o 0? 1 2 men map rioe a b?eaft in tljcmtano tljofe dreetes tljat be tbiuart ace 
 fatre ano Lirgctlje fe dree t cs,boch on tlje one fioe ano ontbe otbcr 5 are plant cd at tbe ooo?es of the 
 houfes, loitb nut trees of India, tobtebmakeaberp commooions fljaootoe, the boufes be maoe of 
 toooo ano coueno tottlj a kino of tiles in fo?me of cups.bet y neceffarp fo? their bfe.tbe kings pa^ 
 lace is in tlje miODle of tbe cttte,maoe in fo?me of a lualleo caGlc,toith Ditches full of Uiater rotmo 
 about it, the loogings U)itljin are maoe of toooo all ouer giloeo, tottlj fine ptnacles , ano berp ccft* 
 Ip bao?ke , couereo rcitlj plates of goloe, ^.ruelp it map be a kings houfe j toitbtn the gate there 
 is a fatre large court, from the one doe to the other, btfjerein there are maoe places fo; tbe 8ron« 
 geft ano (touted Cliphant s appointeo fo? the feruice of the kings petfou, nntr amongll all other 
 €l:pbants ,be Ijath fourc tljat be tufeite , a thing fo rare that a man ujallbarfilpfinoe another 
 king that hatlj anp fuclj, ano if tljis king knotoe anp other that bath turjttc Cliphantes , bt fcu» 
 octh fo? tljcm as fo? a gift. 'Ebe time that 3 teas tljere , tljere toere ttoo b?oug^t out of a farre 
 Countrep, ano that cott me fometljing tlje Cght of them.fo? that tljep commauno the marchant* 
 to goe to fee them , ano then thep mud gitte fometojjat to tlje men thatb?ing them : tlje b?ok«ft 
 oftbemarcljantsgittefo?euerp man halfe aouckat , toljich tbepcall a Tanfa, xoWb amoun-- 
 tctb to a great fumme , fo? tlje number of merchants that are in tljat citie; ano tehen tbep 
 haue papoethe afo?efapoe Tanfa, thep map chufe whether tljep toill feetbemat that timeoj 
 no , becaufe tljat toben tljep are in the kings Call , euerp titan map fee them tbat totll : but at 
 that time tljep mud goe ano fee them , fo? it is the kings pleafttre it Iboulo be fo, 'Kfcis King 
 amongll all other bis titles, is calico the Eing of the bubite <£lipbant&, ano it is repo?* 
 reo that if this king knevue anp other king tljat bao anp of tljefe toljite Clipbantes,anotooulD 
 not fenothembnto bim, tljat be tuoulo ba?aro his uiljole kingoome to conquer them, beeffee« 
 mttlj tljefe toh'te Cliphants berp oeerelp , ano tljep are bao in great regaro , ano kept toith berp 
 meetc feruice, euerp one of tbemis in a houfe, all guilDeo ouer, ano thep haue their meategi* 
 uen them in bedels of Bluer ano goloe, there is one blacke€liphant tlje grcated that hath bene 
 feene.ano he is kept accoioing to bis btgnelTe.be is nine cubites bigh»to&itb i fi a matueilous tbfng, 
 
 3!t 
 
 Cl)!8 Macareo 
 w.itiDr o;a 
 eucraiit. 
 tioiiice mabe 
 ofcanes, * co= 
 ncrebvuith 
 ic.iiee of (tees. 
 
 Go<i;n(8 A 
 
 place o! fioofit 
 
 foi inarcliams 
 to lav theic 
 uooBB in- 
 Ctufoiine of 
 thebmibtngof 
 tile iicU) title 
 of Pegu. 
 
 % rlchaub 
 ftatil? palatt. 
 
 ^oatetofli« 
 <£UpD<uit9. 
 
 Cfeic) nttuie)> 
 
 f clllf Tanfa IB 
 () iff ilSucbat 
 
 lu'.iit'i ma; be 
 fljtce frjillingB 
 t fourc pence. 
 
1 — s * - — : • ii ■ . 
 
 IVl.QeJar Frederick. TrafKquesandDifcouenes. %ta 
 
 31c is rcpo?teO tbat tljis king Ijatb foure tboufano Clepljants of toarre.ano all Ijaitc tljctr t cccb,ano 
 
 tbepufc to putontljcir nuatoppcrmoflteccljftjarpeptkcssofp^cni, ano make tbemfattiuitlj rings, *to>«un« 
 
 becaufc tljefe bcafles Bgbt, ano make battell toitb tljcir teetb ; bee ^atU alto tectp manp pong C \i- *""""' 
 
 pbants tbat Ijatte not tbeir tccc^ fpjotoceo foojtlj: alfo tbiS king Ijatij a Italic oeuife in bunting to 
 
 tahe tbefe Clipbants toljen Ijee toill, ttoo mile s from tlje Ctttc. ^)e Ijatb btulDeD a fairc pallacc a " T«nnit 
 
 allguiloeo, anDtoitljmttafaireCourr,anDtoitbmitano rounoc about tbcrearc mace aninfi= eni'tataSe 
 
 m'te number of places fo? men to ttanoe to fee this hunting: nccrc vmto tbis Pallar e is a mtglj;p *'»pi»ms. 
 
 great toooo, tbjotigbtbetobicbtbebuntf-menof tljekingnoc continnallp on tlje backs of tbefe' 
 
 minine Clipbants,teacbing tljem in tljis bufint ffc.«£ tierp buntcr carictlj out toiclj htm Bite c? fire 
 
 of tljefe femtnines,anD tljcp fap tbat tbep enopnt tlje fecret place tiritt) a ccrtamr compofition that 
 
 tbep baue,tbat toljen tbe toiloe <JElipljant ooetlj fmcll tijercunto , tbep follouie tlje feminities ano 
 
 cannot leauetljeimtoljeutljebuntf-menl)auematiep?ouillon J gftt)e^lipIjantisfaentaniTlei' ) tl)rp 
 
 guioe tlje feminines totoaros the pallace tobicb is calico Tambcll ,anD t'ot's Wallace Ijatij a ooo?~e 
 
 tobicb Datb open ano fbttttoitlj engines, before tobicb do, jertjere is a long fircigbt toap toitb trees 
 
 on botlj tlje fines , tolu'clj coueretb tlje toap in fuel* Wife as it is like oarkonefiv in a comer: tbe 
 
 toiloe Clipbant toljen be cemmet Ij to tbis toap,tljirikctb tljat Ije is in tlje toooos, St tljc cno of t bis 
 
 iuarkc map tljere is a great fielO, toben tlje bunters Ijaue gotten tbis p?ape, toljen tlje p firft come to 
 tins fielo, tljtp feno p?efentlp to giue knotoleoge tljereof to tbe Citie.ano toitfj all fpeeo tlje re go 
 outfiftieo? Cjctt'e men on Ijojfebacke, anoooebefet tbe ficloe rounoc about: in tbe great ficloe 
 tljen tlje females tobicb are taugljt in tbis bufineffe goc Ofrectlptotljemoutboftbeofitkctoap, 
 ano toljen as tlje toiloe Ciipbant is entreo in tbcre, tbe bnntrrs fljoute ano make a great nopfe.af* 
 mucljas is po(ftbre,to makctljctoiloedipbantrntcr in at tlje gate of tljat Wallace .toljicb is tben 
 open, ano affooneasljceisin, tbegatetsujuttoitboittanpnopfejanofotbeljunterstoitbtbefe 5 
 male Clipbants , ano tlje toiloe one are all in tbe Court togetljer, ano tljcn toitbin a fmall time tlje 
 females toitljojato tbemfeiucsatoap one bp one out of tlje Court, leauing tbe toiloe Ciipbant a» 
 lone: ano toljen Ije pcrceiuetb tbat be is left alone.lje is fo maooe tljat fo? ttoo o? tb?ee boures to fee *" #«rin<* 
 bim,ic is tlje greateftpleafuce in tlje wo?lo: be toeepeth.ljecflingrtlj, hee runnetb, be ttifilet(j,bee emlm? 
 »b?uffetb tower tlje places tobere tbe people flano to fee ljim,tbinking to kil Tome of tljcm,but tlje 
 poftsano timber is follrong ano great, tljat bf£ cannot lutttanpboop, pet Ijee oftentimes b?ea< 
 fectlj bis tcetb in tlje grates; 3t Icngtlj lubeu Ijee istoearpanoljatblabourto bis boor tljat Ijee is 
 all met tuttt] f meat , tben be plucketb in bis truncke into bts moutlj, ano tben bee tb jotuctlj out fo 
 muelj iuatec out of bis bcllp,tljat be fprinckletb it ouer tlje Ijeaocs of tbe lookers on, to tlje utter* 
 mofl of tlj em > alt Ijottgb it be e oerp bigb ; ano tben toben tljcp fee Ijim bcrp lucarp , tljere goe 'fax* 
 taine officers into tbe Court tnitb long (barpe canes in tljcir Ijanos, ano p jick Ijim tbat tbcp make &W' t>im S 
 bim to goe into one of tbe Ijoufes tbat is maoealongtt tbe Court fo? tbe fame purpofe : astbere "KsU* 
 are manp toljiclj are maoe long ano narroto, tbat toben tbe C lipbant is in,be cannot turne bimfelf to "' c t) mi 
 to go backe againe. 9no it is requifite tbat tbefe men fljoulo be berp tuarp ano ftoif t, fo? altljouglj ca " Iocode tOTt - 
 tljetr canes be long, pet tbe CUpbant moulo kill tbera if tbep mere not ftoift to faue tljemfelues: 
 at lengtlj uiben tljcp Ijaue gotten Ijim into one of tljofe boufes. tljcp ftano ouer bim in a loft ano get 
 copes onoer bis bellp ano about bis necke,ano about bis legges, ano binoe Ijim faft ,ano fo let Ijim 
 flano foure 0} Sue capes, ano giue Ijim neitber meate no? o;inkc» 9t tlje enoe of tbefe foure 
 a; fiuc oapes,tbepbnloofe Ijunano put one of tlje females onto bim, ano giue tbem meate ano » Orange 
 nn'nke.ano in eigbt oapes be is become tame* 3!n mp iuogment tbcre is not a beafl fo intelleCtiue &$$&&* 
 as are tbefe €lipljants,no? of mo?e bnoerttanoing inal tlje Hiojloifo? be toil Do alltbings tljatbis "i 01 " 6 >" to 
 keeper faitb,fo tljat be lacketb notbing but bumaine fpecclj, uSSmmu 
 
 3!tisrcpo?teotbattbegreatettftrengtbtbattljekingofPegubatb is" in tljefe Clipbants, fo? 
 tobentbep goe tobattell, tljcp let ontbeir backes a Cafllc of mooo bouno tbercto, toitb bancs bn= ^n 81 ?*"* 
 Ber tbeir bellies: ano in euerp Cattle foure men berp cominooiouflp fct to figbt toitb bargubttfijes, iiaun$ $«* 
 toitb botoes ano arrotoes.toitlj Darts ano pikes, ano otber launcing toeapons:ano tbep fap tbat g*Bft*. 
 tbefkinneoftbisCltpIjantis fobaro, tljat an barquebuuetoillnotpicrceit.tjnleireitbeeintbe 
 epe,tcmples,o? fame Mljer tcnoer place of bis boop, 9nD befioes tbts.tljcp are of great Grength, 
 ano Ijaue a berp ercellcnt ojoer in tbeir battel, as % baue fecne at tljeir fcaft estobicbtbc? wake in a boom? oj. 
 tlje peere, in tobiclj f caltes tbe king maketlj triumpbes.tobiclj is a rare tbing ano toojtljp memo- muvmpu?' 
 rt'Cjtbatin fo barbarous a people tberefljaulo be fucljgooolpo?ocrs as tbep baue in tljeir armies, 
 toljicb beoiflinct infquarcs of Clipljants, of bo?femen,of barquebttfbers ano pikemen.tijat trulp cjjc ojberor 
 tbenumberoftbemareinSnite : but tljcir armour ano toeapons are berp nougbtanotocake as ^mmSaifc 
 toell tlje one as tlje otljentbcp baue berp bao ptkes,tljcir ftoo.ios are too?fe maoe.like long kniues bis mm. 
 toitbottt points,ljis Ij arquebttlbes are moft cr crllcnt,ano altoap in bis to arrcs Ije bat b eigbtie t bote 
 fano barquebudjes, ano tlje number of tbcmencrcafetboaplp. TSccatife tbe kingtoill baue tljem 
 
 flboote 
 
t]6 The EnglifH V oyages,N alligations, M. Cefar Frederic^. 
 
 fijootc euerp Dap at tljc Plancke.ano fo tip continuallerercife tljep become molt erccllcnc (tot: al- 
 
 fo Ijee bail) great 2D?Dinance mane of bap poo mettall ; to conclude tbcic is not a King on tlje 
 
 cacti; that toub mo?e potoer o? ftrcngtb then tbis king of Pegu, becaufc lee bath ttoentie mid fire 
 
 26.<£rotoiun crotoiicb kings at bis commaunDe. Jpe can make in bis Campe a million ana an Ijalfe of men of 
 
 tinmianB. 8 toart;c m the fielBC a gainfl bfe enemies* ^ijc Hate of bis kingoeme ano maintenance of bis ar= 
 
 ^iftecnc nun- mp,is a tljing incrcDtble to confioer, 9 tlje toictuals ejfat fftowlo maintaine fuch a number of people 
 
 m'tfm Sw tntlje toarrcs : but be tljat knotoetb the nature ano qualitie of that people , toill eafilp le'ccue it. 
 
 «Ampe. j ijauc fcenc tottlj mine epes, that tbofepeopic ano fouloiers baue eaten of all fcjits of totlo bcafis 
 
 . tfjat arc on the earth, toljetljer it Dec berp filtljtc j cttjerlmfc ail fcructtj fo? tJjcir moutljf s : pea, 
 
 perns. 90 ' 31 battf ferae tbem eate g>co?pions ano ^)crpcnts,alfo tljep feeo of all kince of berbes aitD graffe, 
 
 gib that tf fucb a great anuie want n&t toater ano falt.tbep toil maintaine tljemlclucs a longtime 
 
 in a bulb toiclj rootcs,flotocrs ans leaues of trecs,tljep carp rice toitlj tljcm fo? tbeir bopagc,$tbac 
 
 feruetlj tbem in fteaD of comfits, it is fo Daintie bnto tbem. 'Ojis king of Pegu ijatlj not anp armp 
 
 0? potter bp fea,but in tbe lanD.fo? pccple,Dominions,golDe anu filuer.he farre eiccens tlje potoet 
 
 of the great Turke intreafure anDflrcngcb,. ^jis king bath Diners Magaibns fttl of treafure,a8 
 
 golBjij vtluer, ano euerp cap be rnci eafetlj it mo?e ano moicano it is ncucr otnimiiTjeo.Slfo bee is 
 
 me wn Cfi of ° f ^ D D ^ e ^WBirfEttlJiea^afiwis! fj Spinels, Becie bmc bis ropaipallace there is an incilt* 
 
 J>4«. 9 mabletrraCure tobercofhet maketbuoaccompt, fo? tbat it ilancetb in fucb a place that euerp one 
 
 map fee it ,anD tl;e place toijcre tijis treafure is,is a great Court toalleD rcimo abcut toitb toalls of 
 
 flone.tottlj ttoo gates tobicb flaws open euerp Dap. 9no toittiiu tbis place u? Court are foure gil« 
 
 dcd bonfes coucreD totti) leaD $ in euerp oue of tbefe are certame Ijeutbeniil) iDoleg of a berp great 
 
 balute. 31n the firtt Ijoufe there is a flature of tbe image of a man of golo berp great, fj on bis beaD a 
 
 crotone of golo befet toitb mofl rart Kubies anb ^afires.ano routiD abrut him are 4»Iiilc cbilbjtti 
 
 of golo, In tbe feconD Ijoufe there is tljc nature of a man of filucr, tljat is fee as it tocre fittirtgott 
 
 Ijeapes of monep: tobofe flature in ljcigbt,asbee ttttetb.is fo Ijt'glj, tljat bis bighnelfeejccccDes tbe 
 
 height of anp one roafe of an Ijoufe; 3 mcafucco bisfecte.anDfounD that thep toereaslongas all 
 
 mp bocp toas in beigbc,toitb a crotone on b'Sbf ao like to tbe firll, Sud in tbe tbiroc boufe,tberf is 
 
 aflatuceofb?airc'of tljefamebignelTe, toitb a like crotone on bisbc.iB, 31n,tlje 4.anDiaflbouft 
 
 tbereisaflatureofamanasbigastbeotber 5 toljicb is maoe of Ganfa^ tDljitlj is tbemetalltbe? 
 
 make tb?ir monep of,f tbis metall is m.ice of copper 9 leaoe minglcb togctljer. ^bis flatute alfo 
 
 (jatl) a crotone on Ijisb^aD like the firfl: this treafure beingoffucbabalue as it ts, flanbetbtnan 
 
 openplace that euerp man at bis pleafure map go f fee it : fo? tlje keepers tberof m tier fo?biD anp 
 
 man tbe figbt thereof, 3 fap as a bane Cain be fo?e,tbat tljis king euerp pere in bts feafles tr;um» 
 
 pbetb:? becattfe it is too?tljp of tbe noting^ thinks itmcet to to?tte tljerof,tobicb is as folotoetb. 
 
 sruegtcat <HLl)t king riDetlj on a triumphant cart 0? toagon all gilDCD,tob!Cb iSD?atocn bp 1 <5,rjooDlpbo?fes: 
 
 pojnpE of w antl t[ ^ 3 f art j S Wt y [jfgjj jjjitjj a pfooolp ranopp oucr it, beljinD tbe cart goe 2o.of bis io?DS 9 no' 
 
 bles.uutlj euerp one a rope in his IjanD maoe fall to tlje cart fo? to holo it bp?igljt tbat it fal not.'Cbe 
 king Gttetlj in tbe mtDdc of tlje cart; $bpon tbe fame cart about tbe king ttanDe.4, of bis nobles* 
 moflfauojeo of utin,anD befo?c tbis cart tobereintbe king is goetlj all bis armp as afo?efaiD, ana 
 in tlje mioole of bis armp goetb all bis nobilitie,rounD about the cart,tbat are in bis Dominions,a 
 maruetloustljingitistofee fomanp people, fuclj riches et fucb goon o?Der in a people fobarba* 
 rous as tljep bc,Cbis kiag of Pegu hatb one principal toifc tobicb is kept in a Seralio^e batlj 3 00 
 concubines,ofVijbomiti3repo?t£Dtbatbebatbpo,cbilD?cn.CbiskingCttetbeuerpDapinperC)ti 
 <ffne mil of t0 l J tare tht ^ lI;Ces ^ ^ e f"6fecw, but be no? tljep neuerfpeake one to another, but bp fupplicati« 
 Suntce. cms mabe m tljis o?Dcr. 'Slje king fittetb bp aloft in a great ball, on a trtbunall feat, ano lotoec 
 Dnoerbim fit all ljigl3arons rounb about, tbentbofetbatDematinbauDience enter into a great 
 Court befo?c tlje king,anb tbere fet tbem Dotone on tbe grouno 4o,paces oiflant from tbe kings 
 5&«tii3erftice perfan,anDamongQthofepeopletbereisnoDitTcrcnceinmatters ofaubiencebcfo?etbeking,bue 
 taSem mm a ' 1 altke.ano there tbcp fit toitb tljeir fupplicationsin tljeir banos, tobicb are mase of long leaues 
 in romroiKr* of a tree.tljefe leaues are 3 .quarters of a parolong,f ttoo fingers b?oaD,tobicb are tojitten toitb a 
 Bite? m '"' ib^rpt iron maoe fo? v purpofe,f in ttjofe leaues are tljeir f Supplications to?itten,$ toitb tbetr fup= 
 pltcations.tbcp baue in tbeir banos a p?efent 0? gift, acco?Ding to tlje toaigbtines of tljeir matter* 
 'Cljcnrome f fecretarieswtone toreaDtljefe fupplicattons, taking tljem ftreaDing tbem befoje 
 tbekmg,et if tbeking tbinfe it gooo to do to tljem that fattour 0? itiflice tljat tljep DemaunD, tben be 
 coman&ctb to cake the p?efents out of tbeir bands: but if he tbinke tljeir Demano be not itift 0? ac* 
 Diugto tigbt,be commanbeth tbem atoap toitljout taking of tbeir gtfts 0? p?efents, 3n tlje In- 
 dies there is not anpmarcbanDifetbat is goou tob?ingtoPegu,bnlcfleitbeeatfome times bp 
 eljance to b?ing Opium of Cambaia,anDifljeb?inginoncp beujalllofebpit, ,*5oto tbecommobi* 
 ties tljat come from S.Tome are tbe onelp marcba«b«e fo j tljat place,toljiclj is tbe great quantitp 
 
Ad.itffar frredericl^. Traffiques andDifcoueries. z;y 
 
 otclocuinaoe tljere, ui'oiclj tbep ufcm Pegu; uiincij cloth is nuceotouiuua.ttooiicn ano paa.*, mutmmni 
 fo that tlje ijjoje tbac kinoe ef clot& 15 toaibe o.tljc mo?e liuclie the? fbciue their co!ottrs,toi)ich is a bnltuKim* 
 rarceljmg, ami tljere is maoc fuclj accompt of this kinoc of cloth uiljicb is of fa great irajitijtatice, pc s"- 
 t!)atafmalIbaIcofitU)iIlcottati)otifanDo?tU3otijoufant)Duckct0, 9lfofremS.Tomet;evIapo 
 great tto?e of tea parne, of bombatt oieD toith a roote tohiclj thep call Saia,as afojefflpD.tohicb co- 
 lout mill neuer out, fillitb tohiclj marcbanoifc ruerp pecre there peri) a great fyippr from §. 
 Tome to Pegu ,of great impo?tance,anD thepofuallp Depart from S.Tome to Pegu the 1 1.0? 1 2. 
 of §>rptembcr,$ if uje ttap until tbctiuelfch.ic is a great bap if Ibc returne not toitljtfut mafcingof $*™' 7!£ 
 her tioiage, t^bcir bfc toas to Depart the firt of ;§>epttmber,anDtbc n tbep maoe fure uopages, "W» £?>>! s. 
 anDnouJbecaufctljercisagrcatlabatiraboutt^uMnDOicIorijtobjmgtttopcrfcctionjaiiDtljat lomctol, ^ u - 
 ft be toell Djieo,as al& tlje grecDinctte cf the Captaine tljat tooulD make an ertraojDinarp gninc of 
 bis fratgljt , thinking to baue the toitiD altoapes to ferue their turne,?hep Cap f long,ti;ac ac fome= 
 times ttje toinDt curnetb. tf a? in tljofe parts the toinDes bloto fitmelp fc? certame times, toith' 
 the tobicb tljep gee to Pegu toith the toinoc in poope,anD if thep arriue not there befo?e the tomae 
 rbangc^nD get grounotoank:r,perfo?ce tbep mutt returne backcapine t fo? that tljcgales of 
 the toim>e blotoe there fo? tl;?ec 0? foure maiutbs togetljer in enc place toith gre.-.t fo;ce, 'But if 
 tbep get the coaft $ anker there.then with great labour thep maj faue tljeir bopage.3ifo there go= 
 eth another great (hippe from Bcngala euerp pecre.laoentoithfineclctbof bombatt ofallfojts, 
 tobicb arriueth in the harbour of Pegu.tohcn the (hip that commeth from S.Tome acpartc tlj. Che 
 harbourlnlKtcthefctU!Ofl)ip3aniucis calico Coimiii. jfromMalacatoMartauan.tohicljis 
 apo^ttnPegu.thereconn-mimpfmai.l^ips.anDgreat.IaDcntoit'o pepper, Sandolo,Piocelianof *ommo&ftiw 
 Chiiia,Camtbra,Bruneo,anDcthcrmartbanDife. Cljeftjip^that come from Mecca enter into ^™ SUtima 
 tfaepo^t of Pegu anDCirion.anDthorefnippesb^ing cloth of KtooUj'gjcatletSjaelucts.Opium, 
 ano Chickinos, bp tbetohichtui}) !ofe,anothrp b?(ng them becaufe thep hatieno other thing that srticchik;™, 
 i3gaoDfo?Pegu:bBtthcptfleemenottljclolIeof tljem, fc? that tljep make fuch great game of "J^"iru° f 
 their commuDittes that thep carp from thence out of that kingDome* aifo tljc kingof Affi his neiims"". 
 fljips came thithec into tbe fame po?t laoen tottlj prper, from the roatt of S.Tome of Bcngala ^'""b 8 - 
 out of the g»ea of Baia to Pegu are tlj?ee !junD?etb m:Iee 3 anD thep go it top tlje riucr in fotire Daics, 
 tottlj the entreating toatrr, 0? toith the flooD, to a Cttp calleD Cofmin , ano there thep Difcljarge 
 tCjctr fljtps,tu!)itl)r t the Cuttomers 01 Pegu come to take thenote ami markrs of all the cjoods of 
 ttterpman.f take the charge of thegcoDs on thentjano ccnuep them to Pegu,tnto the kings Ijoufe, 
 toherinthep make the cuCome of themarcbanD^e. SHben tbeCuflomers baue taken tlje charge 
 of the gcoDg $ put them into barks, the Retor of tlje Hit? giuetblicence to tlje a^archants to take 
 barkc.ano goeup to Pegu toitb tbtirmarchanDt^ej ano fo thjeeoj foure of tljcm take a barke anu 
 goc up to Pegu in company. (Sod Deliucr cuerpman tb/at bee giue not a tojong note,anD entrie, f tm »bom 
 0} tljinke to Heale anp cuflome: fo? if tijep Do.fo? tbe leafl trifie tljat i9,\)e is Wtcrlp biiDonc.fo? tbe ^ainlmlT 
 Wngooetb take it fo? a mod great affront to bee E ecetueD of bis cuttome; ano tbercfo?c tbep make 
 Diligent fearches, th?ee times at tbe laoing anD imlaoing of tbe gooDSjano at the taking of them a 
 lane, 3n Pegu tbis fearcb tljep make toben tbep goc out of the (hip fo? DiamonDs, pcarics,anD 
 fine clotbtohicb taketb little roome : fo? becaufe that all the ietaels that come into Pegu, ano are 
 notfounbof tljat cottntrep,papcuftame,but Eubics, !§>afp?es antt Spinels pap no cuttome in 
 no? out : becaufe tbep arc founo grotuingin trjat Countrep, 3i (jatte fpoken befo?e, bom tljat all 
 fl^arcbants that meane to goe thoionj the Indies/mutt carp al maner of bouflwlD fiuffe toith tbem 
 tobicb is neceffarp fo? a botifc, becaufe tbattbereis notanplocging no? 3jnnes no? bottcs.no? 
 chamber roome in that Countrep.but the firit thing a man Dotlj tebenlje commetb to anp Citp is 
 to Ijter a boufe, either bp the peerc 0? bp tlje monetae? as Ije mcanes to flap in tijofe parts, 
 
 3n Pegu their o?oer is to hire their boufes fo? fire monetljs. jOolue from Cofmin to the Citie 
 of Pegu tbep goe in fire homes toith the flooD,anD if it be ebbingtuater, tbentljcpmakcfatttbcir 
 boate to tbe riuer fioe, anD tljere tarp Until the toater floto againe. 3it is a uerp commoDtotts ano ja>crcriprioii of 
 yleafanJuopage.hauingonbotbfioesof the riucrs manp great Uillanjts, Mjiclj thep call Cities: nto™nj"t 
 in tlje tobicbbennes.pigeon&cggesmtilke.rice.ano other things be bcrpgooDcheape. J t is all ffff- 
 nlaine, ano a gooolp Counrrcp, anD in eight oapes pou map make pour oopagc op to Macceo.eu 
 ttantfro Pegu ttoduc miles, $ tljere tljep Diftbarge tbeirgooDS, jlaoe them in Carts 0? toaines DtHnStB a 
 n?atoen tottb oren, anD tbe cparcljants arc carieo in a clofct tohtcb thep call Deling,in tbe tobicb famu uticr t«. 
 amanfball beuerp toellaccommo5ateD 3 toitljcuujions bnoerbts hcaD,a«D couereo fo? the Defence ^ 9 ",S 
 of tbe ^'.tane anD raine,anD tljere b^ map fleepe if be Ijaue toil thereunto: anD bis foure Falchines 
 carp him running atoap.c'oanging ttoo at one time ano ttoo at another. Wcit cuftome of Pegu anD 
 fraigbt thither, map amount bnto ttoeutieo? ttorntie tto: per cento.anD 2 % .acco?Ding aslje batb 
 mo?e 0? lefie ttolen from btvn that oap tljep cuttome the gooos, 3it is tcquifite tljat a man baue bis 
 
 rpes 
 
_ _ . i - - - i iii ■ mm ■« - ■ 
 
 238 The EngliihVoyages^amgatiom^M.CafarPredenc^ 
 
 epes toatcijfull, ano to be carcfull,ano to Ijaue manp fricnDrs ,fo?toljcn tljcp cuftomcm tljc great 
 Ijall of tlje king, tljete come manp gentlemen accompanieo toitb a number of their Rams, anp 
 tjjefe gentlemen Ijaue no ffmme tl;at their flaues rob ltrangcrs:toljc tljcr it be cloth in ftjeuiing of it 
 0} any other tljing , tljep laugh at tt. 8no although the gparcljant s bclpe one another to heepe 
 toatclj^f loose to their njoocs.thcp cannot lookc tbeno fo narrotolp but one o? othft toil rob fome* 
 tbing.eitbcr moje o? leffe,acco?oing agi their marcbanoife is mo?e o j lcflc:anc pet on this Dap there 
 is a toojfc thing then this: although pou hatte fet fo manp epes to loolte there fo? pour bcne8t,tljat 
 pou efcape tonrobbeo of the flaties ,a man cannot cljoofcbut that be muff be robbeo of the officers of 
 the cutfomcjjoufcjf o? papingtbe cuffome toith the fame gooes oftentimes tfjcp tafee the beff that 
 pou hatte, 9 not bp rate of etterp fojt as tljep ought to oo,bp tohich meanes a man papctlj moje then 
 Ijis cutie.at leujtlj toljen the gooos be Difpatcbeo out of the cuffome Ijoufc in this o?ocr,tbe Spar* 
 chant caufcth them to b e carieo to his Ijoufe., anomap do toitb them at bis pleafure. 
 
 'Shcre are in Pegu 8.b?oKers of the kings.tobfch are calico Tareghe.toljo are bottno to fell all 
 tbemarcbanDijctobicb come to Pegu, attl)ecommono?tljccurrantp?icc:tljcniftbemarcbants 
 toil fell their gooes at that p?ice,tbep felttjcm »teap,ano the brokers Ijaue ttoo in the IjuiiDjetb of 
 ettccp fojt of marcbanDife.anD tljep arebouno to makegooD the Debts oftbofegeoDs.bccaufe tljep 
 be fob bp tljeir (janos o? meanest on their too?oes,ano oftentimes the marcbant knotoctb not to 
 tofjom be giueth bis gooDs,pet he cannot lofe anp thing tberebp,fo? that the broker is bouno in anp 
 toife to pap binvtiD if the marcbant fel his gooos toitbeut the conftnt oftbc bjoker , pet neucrtbe* 
 Icffe he muff pap him ttoo pec cenco,ano be in Danger of his monfp: but this is nerp feloom fcene, 
 faccattfc the Ujifc^cljilojcn^anti flattes of tlje Dt Lto ? are botino to the creDiro ?, ano tohen bis time in 
 crpircD ano paiment not maoe, the creoito? map take the oebto? ano carp him borne to Ijfsljoufc, 
 ano (but him up in a Magafin, tohcrtbp pjefcntlp be bath bis moncp,anD not being able to pap tbe 
 creDttoj^emaptakethctoifccljilDjen.anDlIauesoftbeDebto^anDfclthcmJojfoistbcIatoeof 
 tljatk:ngDome.3>be currant moncp that is in tbis citp,ano tbjoughottt all this hingoom is callea 
 Ganfa o} Ganza 3 tobicb is maoe of Copper ano lease : 31c is not tlje monep of tbe king.buc eaerp 
 man map damp it that toil.becaufe it Ijacb bis tuft partition o) nalue: but tbep make manp of them 
 falfe,,bp putting ouermttcijleao into them, ano tbofe toill not paffe, neither toill anp take them. 
 JBith this monep Ganza,pou map bup goloe oj filuer.Kubies anD S£uf ke, ano other things*}? o j 
 there is no other monep currant amongff them, 9no ©oloe, flitter ano otfjcr msrcljanoije are ac 
 one time Dearer then another, as all other tljings be. 
 
 %\)V5 Ganza goetb bp toright of Byze, $ tbis name of Byza goetlj foj p* accompt of tl>e toetgbr, 
 ano commonlp a Byza of a Ganza is toojtfc (after our accompt) balfe a Ducat, litle mo je o? Icffe; 
 ano albeit that (Solo ano filuer is mojx o? leffe in pjice, pet tbe Byza neuet crjangetlj : euerp Byza 
 maketh a Ijunoieth Ganza of toeigbt, ami fo the number of the monep is Byza. ~pz that goetb to 
 Pegu to bup 3ictoels,if he toil do toell.it behouertj bint to be a tohole pcre there to Do his buflneffe, 
 fo } if fo be tbat Ijc tooulo return toitb the ffjip ije came in,he canot do anp thing fo couenicntlp foj 
 tbe bjeuitie of tlje time, becaufc that tohen tljep cuffome tljeir gooos in Pegu tljat come from S. 
 Tome in their (bips,it is as it toere about Chriftmas:ano tobm t^ep baue cttffomeo tbeir gooos, 
 then muff tljep fell tljem f o? tljeir cceoits fake fo? a monetb o? ttoo : ano then at tbe beginningof 
 £©arclj the fijips Depart, Cljc 39arcbants tbat come from S.Tome take foj the paiment of thetc 
 gooDS;golD,anD (Httcr.tobtcb is netiertoanttngtbtre. 9no 8,0? to.oapes before tbeir Departure 
 tbep are all fattffieD : alfo tbcp map baue IRubie's in paiment, but tbep make no accompt of them: 
 ano tljep that toill tointer there fo? anotljer pere, it is neeofull that tljep be aouerti?eo, that in tlje 
 faIeoftbetrgooD0,tljepfpeci6eintheirbargaine,tbetermeofttooo)j.mciiethspaiment,ftbat 
 tbeirpatmentujalbeinfo manp Ganza,ano neither goloe nojflluer: btcaufe that toitb tlje Ganza 
 tljep map bup $ fcl euerp thing toitb great aouatage,3nD Ijoto neeDful ts it to be aouertif co,tohen 
 tljep toil recoucr tljeir patments,in toljat joer tljep ffjal receiue their Ganza? T5ecaufe be tbat ii 
 not erperienceomapoo bimfelfc great to?ongintbe toetghtofthc Ganfa, as alfointbefalfcneffe 
 oftbemjintbetoeighthemap begreatIpoeceiueo,becanfetbatfromplaceto place it Dotbrifeano 
 fall greatIp:ano tljcrefoie tohen anp toil receiue monep oj make paiment,he muff take a publique 
 toa^er of monep,a Dap 0? ttoo before he go about Ijis buflneffc, ano gitie Ijtm in paiment foj Ijis la* 
 bout ttoo Byzaes a monctlj, ano fo? this be is bouno to make gooo all pour menep,? to maintaine 
 it fo? gooD,fo? that bee rereiuctlj it ano fcales tlje bags toitb bis feale : ano tohen bee tjatrj recci* 
 ueo anp ffo?e , tljcn Ijce caafetlj it to bee bjotigbt into tlje Magaion of tbe ^arc(jant,tljat is the 
 otonerofit. 
 
 ■Cfjat monep is bcrp tocigbtie,fo? fourtie Byza is a ffrong 13o?ters butBen,-ano alfo tobere tlje 
 S^arcljant batlj anp papment to be maoefo?tbofe gooos tobtcbhe bupetb, the Common toapec 
 of monep that receiuctlj Ijis moncp maff make tbe papment thereof, !%o tbat bp tbis meanes ,tlje 
 
 ^atchant 
 
 it Mine foi 
 25ancttti^)ta. 
 
 42iitr?man 
 map ilampe 
 Vuftat mones 
 
 JjtUIIt. 
 
 £}otu a mail 
 
 ma" O11 pale 
 Jlimftlfc fpj 
 riictraDsm 
 Pegu. 
 
 <5oobinnnjc 
 ttpns. 
 
M, C a J ar fr'rederic^Yrg&fapxts and Difcoueries. zip 
 
 dl 
 
 gpaccbant ttitlj tbe cbarges of ctoo Byzes a monetb.rcceiuetb ano papetlj out bts monep toi: bout 
 
 lofleoj trouble. tZLbeaparcbanoi^stbatgocoutofPegu arefgouv&tluer.lllubie^iipi.p?^, «&**!>«!»«■ 
 
 g>pinclles,great Co? c of ©eniamin, long peper> Leaoe, Lacca.rtce, toinc, fome fugar,pec tljcre %&»££!" 
 
 migbc be great Qo?e of agar mace tn tlje (Countrep, fo? tljat t^rp rjatt? abounoance of Canea,but 
 
 tbep giue tbem to Clipbants to eate, ano tbcpeoplc confume great fro?c of tbem fo j fooo,ano ma- 
 
 npmo?eooe tbep confume in uainetbmgs.as tbefe foliotoing, 3]ntbatkttigoomecbcpfpenDma< 
 
 np of tbefe §>ugar canes in mailing of boufes ano tents torjtcljtrjep call Varely fo? tbeir ioolcs, 
 
 tobicb ttjep call Pagodes, tobereof tbere are great abounoance , great ano fmal,anD tbefe boufes 
 
 are maoe in fo?mc of little btlles, liketo&ugarloaueso? to ^clls.anofomeoftbffc boufes are 
 
 as bigb as a rearonablettceple,at tbe foote tbep are ucrp large, feme of tbem be in circuit a quar* 
 
 ter of a mile, %\)t faioe boufes toittjin are full of ear[lj,ano toallcD rotmo about toitl; b?ickcs ano 
 
 oirt tn tteaoe of lime, ano toitbout fo?me, from tbe top to tbe foote ttjcp make a coucring fo? tljem 
 
 toitb &ugar canes,ano plaifier it toitb lime all otter, fo? otljcrtoife tbep tooulo bee fpopfeo.up tbe 
 
 great abounoance of raine tljat fallecb in tbofcCountrcps, 9ifo ttjep confume about tbefe Varely 
 
 n? tool botires great utye of leafc-golo,fo? tbat tbep ouerlap all tbe topsof tlje boufes vntbgolo, 
 
 ano fome of tbem are couereo tottb goloe from tbe top to t(je foote : mcoucrmgtobercoftbcreis famiaCut 
 
 great ftojc of goto fpem,fo? tbat etterp io.pcerestbepneto ouerlaptbcm toitb goto,from tlje top b 010, 
 
 to tbe foote,fo trjat toitb ttjis oanitie tbep fpcnD great abounoance of goloe. tfo) eucrp i o.pcres 
 
 tbe raine ooetrj confume tbe golo from tbefe boufes. SlnD bp tljis meanes tbep make goloe Dearer 
 
 in Pegu tben it to3ulDbee,if tbep confumeo not fo mucb in tljis banitie. 9lfo it is a tljing to bee 
 
 notco in tlje bupina; of ietocls in Pegu, tljat be eljat (jatrj no knotoleoge fljall bf ue as gooo utocls, 
 
 ano as gooDcbeap,as be tbat batb bene p?acti?cb tbere a long time, tofjicb is a gooo ojocr,anD it is 
 
 in tbis toife. 'Cbere are in Pegu fottrc men of gooo reputation, tobicb are calico Tareghe.o j b?o= 
 
 iters of 31etoels. trjefe fourc men baue all tbe Jetoels o ? Kubies in tbeir banoes, ano tbe spar* 
 
 cbanttbat toil bupcommetbto one of tbefe Tareghe ano telletb bim,tbat be batlj fo mucb monep 
 
 to itnplop in &ubies. Jfo? trjyougb tlje bancs oftrjefe foure men palTe all tbe Rubtes:fo? tbep baue mbks ewt> 
 
 fuebquantttte, tbat tbep knotoc not tobat to Doe toitb tljem, but fell tljem at moil bit ano bale "'"s 'H'win 
 
 p?ices.2Urjen tbe SJDarr bant batb bioken bis mino to one of tbefe brokers oj Taregh e,tbep carp Pc8u " 
 
 dim borne to one of tlje it fetjops,altrjougb be batb no knotoleoge in aetoels: ano toVjc n tbe 3Ieto« 
 
 ellcrs perceiue tbat bee toill emplop a gooo rotmB fumme.tbep toill make a bargatne, ano if not, 
 
 tbep letbim alone. 'SbeMfegenerallpoftbisCirteistbiSjttjattobenanp^arcljantbatbbcugbt 
 anp great quantitie of IKubies, ano batb agreco fo? tbem, bee carietl; tbem ijom e to bis bouff , If t 
 tbem be of tobat oalue tl;ep toill,beu)all baue fpace to looke on tbem ano peruft tljrm tiuo o) tbjee 
 napes: ano if be Ijatlj noknoteleDCie in tbem,beQ)aHa!toapesljaue man? Sparcbants in cbat €itit 
 tbat baue berp gooo kaotoleoge in Jletoels; toitbtobom be map altoapcsconfirreniD take roun= 
 fell.ano map fljeto tbem unto tobom be toill; ano if be finoe tbat bee batb net cmplopeo bis moncp 
 toell.bee map returnebisjetoels backe to tbem tobom beeljao tbem of, toitbou: anp InlTe at all, 
 JKHbicbtbingis fuel) a fljameto tbe Tareghe tobaue bisjetoclsreturne.tljat ijcljaoratber bcare 
 a bloto on tbe face then tbat it fijoulD be tbougbt tbat be foloe tbem fo Deere to baue tl;cm returnee, 
 .ffo? tbefe men baue altoapes great care tbat tbep affoo jo gooo pcnitoo?tbs,erprctaHp to tbofe tbat 
 bauenoknotoleoge. ^bis tbep ooe,becaufe tbep toouloe notloofe tbeir crcDtte: ano toljen tljofe 
 S^arcbants tbat Ijatieknotoleoge iv. 31ctoels bup anp ,if tbep buu tbem oeerc,tt is tbeir oton faults 
 ano not tbe brokers: pet it is gooo to baue knotoleoge in Jetoels,bp rcafon tbat it map fomcto&at 
 cafetbep^tce. 'Cbere is alfo a iierp goooo?oer tob!Cbtbepba«einbupingof3!etocl9,tobtcbis icntjBHtncarc 
 tbt6;^beeearemanp^arcbantstbataanobpat tbe making of tbe bargatne, ano becaufe tbep p f ^" Ilicn 
 fijall not onoerttanobotoe tbe Jetoels be foloe, tbe IS joker ano tbe Sparcbants baue tbeir bancs '* 
 tnoer a dotb,ano bp toucbing of fingers ano nipping tbe iopnts tbep kno to teljat is Done , tobat is X? S5u "iht 
 biDDen,anotobatisafkeo. So tbat tbe Banners bpbnotoe not tobat is oematinocofojtbcm,al= mppingor 
 tbouglj it be fo? a tboufano 02 1 o.tboufano Duckets, jf 01 euerp iopnt ano eucrp finger batb bis fig' £ ^f UnBec 
 nification. j7o?iftbe9parcbantstbatlianDebpn)oulol)nDcritanotbebargmne,tttooulDb?eeDe 
 great controuerGeamongQ tbem. 9no at mpbeinginPeguintbemonetbofaugttitjtnAnno 
 is69,bamnggottentoclibpmpcnDeuour,31toasoeltrouscofcemtneotone lountrep, ano 3] 
 trjougbt it gooo to goe bp tbe toap of S.Tomc, but tben 3 fijoulo tarp antil Sgjtorcb. 
 
 3In tobicb tournep 31 toas counfaileti,pea,ano fullp refolueo to go bp tbe toap of Bengala.tottb 
 a fijtppetbcrereaop to Depart fo? tbat oopage. 9no tbentoee ocparteo from Pegu co Chati. 
 gan a great barbour 0? po?t,from tobence tbere goe final fijips to Cochm,befo?e tbe Scetc Depart 
 fo? Portugall.tn tobicb ibips 33 toas fullp oetermineo to goeto Lisbon.ano fo to Venice, saijen ctiis Touffon 
 31 ban tbus refolueomp felfe,31 toentaboojooftbefijtppe of Bengala, at tobicb time tttoastbe »«« |, n«o)» 
 peere of ToufFon : concerning toljicb Touffon pc are to unoerflanD, tbat in tbe CEair Indies often a'S." ""* 
 
 times. 
 
 I 
 
24.0 1 heEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations,MX<f/^r Frederic^ 
 
 mgintliofe 
 •Somutsis. 
 
 is calleD Son- 
 diua, 
 
 timcs,tljerc ate not uoimes as in otfjer cotmtreps ; but euerp 1 0,0? t 2,peres tbere arc fucb tc m- 
 pells ant) flo^mes,tbat it is a tbing tncccDtble,but to tbofe tbat bane feeneit,neitber botbepknoto 
 cettainlp toljat peere tbep toil come, 
 ^rtjeToufon c5» &nfo?tunate ate tljep tljat are atfeaintbat pereano time of tbe Touffon,uecaufefetotbereare 
 ™"o o}i" U6 ' tbatefcapetbatbanger.Jn tljis pereit tnajs our cbancc to be atfeatoiclj tbelike 0o?me, but it ljap. 
 jKtw. ' peneotoelli3ntobsJo?tljatotrclbipii3a$nctolpouer-plancbeD,atttitaDnotanpt^mg;inberraue 
 sictttaUanobalattiS.^ilucranogoltic^ic^fromPegutljepcarptoBengala.aiiDnootberfeinDc 
 of Sparcbanoife. Cbts Touffon 0? cruel ffowieenoureb tb?ee nape? anb tb?ee nights : m tobicb 
 time it carieb atoap our failcs,parbs, ano rubber ; ano betaufe tbe fbippe laboured in tbe §>ea,toee 
 tut our matt ouer boo?b : tobicb toben toe ban Done (be labourco a great beale mo?e tbenbefojejtn 
 fuel) toife, tljat (be toas almoff full toitlj toater tbat came ouer tbe IjtgbeB part of ber aiw & toent 
 botone $ ami to? tbe fpace of tlj?ee oapeg ano tbjee nigbtg Gjttie men bin notbing but bale toater 
 out of ber in tins toife, ttoentie men in one place, ano ttoentie men in anotbcrplace,ano ttoentie 
 in a tbiroe place: anu foj all tl)is ffojme, tbe fbippe toas fo gooD,tbat (bee tooke not one iot of toa* 
 tet beloto tbjottgrj ber fiDes,but all t anootone thjougb tbe batcbes,fo tbat trjofe Grtie men bio no* 
 iljing but caft tbe <§>ea into tbe §>ea. 9no tbus Djiuing too aim fto as tbe toinoe ano !§>ea tooulo, 
 toe toere in a oarhe ntgljt about foure of tlje clocke caff on afholoe: pet toben tttoas Dap,toe couto 
 neitber fee lano on one fioe no? otber,anb knew not tobere toe toere, 9nbasitplcafebtbeDtuine 
 potoer.tbere came a great toaue of tbeg>ea,tobicbD?aueb8 beponbetbelboulb. 9 nb toben toee 
 n manifed to< fgjt tbe fijtppc aflote, toe rofe bp asmen rettiueo.becaufe tbe §>ea was cawie ano fmootb toater, 
 tmg anB C flow. anb tben founding toe found ttoclue fabome toater, ano ttitbin a tobile after toee bao but fire fa* 
 bome,ano tljen pjcfentlp toe came to anker toitb a fmall an*«er tbat toas left be at tbe flerne, fo? 
 all our otbev toere loft in tbe ffojme : anb bp ano bp tlje ujippc Brooke a grouno , ano tben toee Di& 
 pjop ber tljat flje ujottlo not ouertb?oto, 
 
 SELtijen it toas cap tlje fljtppe toas all D?p,anb toee founb ber a goob mile from tbe €>ea on bn'e 
 land. ®bis Touffon being enDeo, toe Difcouercb an 3 llano not farre from bs,ano toe toent from 
 tbe tTiippe on tlje latins to fee tofjac J (land it toas ; ano toee founb it a place mba&itCD, anb,to mp 
 iubgement.tbe fertile!! fflanb in all tbetoojlo,ibetobicbisdiuib£Dintoitooparts bpadbanell 
 tobicb paflctlj be t tocene it, $ toitb great trouble toe bjougbt our ftip into tbe fame cbanel.tobiclj 
 partetb tbe aflano at flototng toater,anb tbere toe betermineb to flap 4o.oayes to refreffj bs. 9ri& 
 toben tbepeople of tbe 3Wauo fato tbe ujtp.anD tljat toe toere coming aland: p?efentlp tbep maoe 
 aplaceof bazar o?amarket, toitb (bops tigbt otter againtt tbe Qjip toitb allmaner of p?ouifion of 
 bittuals to catc 3 tobicb tbep l^ouijbt botone in great abtinDance,anb folo itfo goto cljt ape.tliat toe 
 toere ama?eb at tbe cbcapcnelfetbereof, 31 botigbt manpfaltcofeinetberejfoj tljepjouiConof tbe 
 fljsp/ojbalfeaLarincapiece, tobicb Larine map be 1 2,(biflings fire pence, being berpgoobantt 
 fat; anb4.toiloeboggesrea&pDjefleDfo?aLarine; great fat bennes fo?aBizzeapiece,tobitbi* 
 at tbemoff a pennie: auo tbe people tola bs tbat toe toere becetueb tbe balfeof our montp.becaufe 
 toe boucrjjt tljtngs fo oeare, Sllfo a fatfee of fine rice fo? a tbing of notbing 3 anb confequentlp all o< 
 tber tljmgs fo? bumain c fuffenance toere tbere in futb abounbance,tbat it is a tbing incteoible but 
 to t bent tljat banc fcene it. Zfy\s Jifiano is talleo Sondiua belonging to tbe ningoome of Bcnga- 
 la jbiffant 1 ao.miles from Chatigan, to tobicb plate toee toere bounn, Qty people are Moores, 
 anb tlje feing a berp goob man of aMoorc ktng.fo? if be bab bin a tp?ant as otbers be,lje migbt baue 
 robbcbbsofall .becaufe tlje Porcugall captainc of Chatigan toas in armes agatnfttljcRctor of 
 tbat place, f euerp bap tbere toere fome flaine,at tobicb netoes toe reffeb tbere toitb no final feare, 
 Keeping goob toatcb ano toaro aboo?o euerp nigbt as tbe bfe is,but tlje gouernour of tbe totonc bio 
 comfo j t bs 3 ano bab bs tbat toe ujoulb feare notbing.but tljat ae fijoulo repofe our felues fecurelp 
 toitbout attp banger,altbougb tlje Portugalcs of Chatigan bao liaine tbe gouernour tf tbat Citp, 
 anb fato tbat toe toere not culpable in tbat fact; anb mojeouer be bio bs euerp bap tub at pleafure be 
 coulb.tobicl) toas a tljtng contrarp to our erpectations confioering tbat tljep 5 tbe people of Chati- 
 gan toere botb fubiects to one feing, <IOe eepartcb from Sondiua, 5 came to Chatigan tbe great 
 wuthtrtijf'"' po?tofBen^ala,attbefametimetobcntljePortugalcsbaomnbepeaceanotakenatrucetoitbtbe 
 Portugaia go gouewours of tbe totone, ujitb tbts conoition tljat tbe cbttfeCaptaiueof tbe Portugales toitb bi* 
 Ojip (boulb Depart toitbontanplaning:foj tbere toere tben at tbat time i8.(bips of Portugales 
 gr rat and fmall. 'Cbis Cap taittc being a Gentleman ano of goob courage, toas nottottbitanDtug 
 contcuccD to Depart to bisgreateftbinoerancc^atber tljenbee tooulo feeke tobinDerforaanpof 
 bis f rieros as toere tljcrc,asalfo becaufe tbe time of tbe peere toasfpent to go to tbe Indies. 'Ebe 
 <sr>)e eingef , ns i ' t be^ojf bf oeparteo, euerp ffjip tbat bao anp lading tberein, put it aboojbof tbe Captaine to 
 Rachim.os a». beiuc to eafe bis cbaro;e ano to recompence bis courtefies, 3n tbis time tberecame a meuengcr 
 ta B«sitf ou; from tlje king of Rachtm to tbts Portugal Captaine, tobo faioe in tbe be&al&of bis king, tbat bee 
 
 Sondiua is tbe 
 
 fimtftitlfft 
 
 or omit ten in al 
 tjjciuojw. 
 
 ChatiginlBS 
 
 Ujithtgeit 
 
M.Ctefar Frederick^ IraffiquesandDifcouenes. 24.1 
 
 IjaBbearo of the courage ana uaiuteofljtm.oiCiinffljtmpmlptijatljciBoulDtioiicljldfciocoiiie 
 toith the ftjip into bis po?t, ana comming thither be fboulD be berp to? i intrcateD, ^bis Portugal 
 toent thither anD toasaerp toell fatiffico of this iXing. 
 
 'SljtaBtng of Rachim-batb bis featc intljc mianle conS bettoeenc Bengala ana Pegu„ana the 
 greattft eiiemi'e he hat h is the king of Pegu : Uiljtcb king of Pegu Deuifetij night anc cap hoto to 
 makctbiskingcf Rachim bis fubicct>but bp no meancs bee is able to Doc it: bccaufe the king of 
 Pegu bath no pon>cr no? ai'miebp&ea.3no ticking of *Rachim map arme ttoo ljuno?ctb©als s>i,Atum: 
 leprs oi if tifts bp "§>ea,ana bp lana he bat Ijrcrtaine (iufesvuttb the tohtch toben ticking of Pegu 
 p^ctenDct^anp!;armetou)arDsijim,l)eetnapatl)ispIcafureD?ou)neagreatpartoftbeCotuure!'« 
 $t>othat bp this mcanes ijce cucccclj off the iuap toijercup the king of Pegu lljoulo come toith bis 
 patocttofHtrtbiin. 
 
 jFrom the great po?t of Chatigan tbei) carp foj the Indies great fto je of Ktce.bcrp great qttam iftt common 
 tttieof T5arhba(l cloth of euerp fo?c, <§>uger,come, ana monep, toith other marchanDi?e, 9no bp SSScS^? 
 reafottoft!)eiaarrcstnChatigan,the Portugal ftjips tatiea thereto long, tljac tbcp arriireo not tot^t indies. 
 at Cochin lb fooneastbcptocretooiit to Doe other peeres. f o? tuhicb caufe the flccte that toas ^Portugal 
 at Cochin toas orparteDfof Portugal before tbep arrtuea there, mid 31 being in one cf the fmall Stipsutpatt 
 frjtppesbefojetlieflcctejinDifcoueringofCocbin.tteaU'oDifcouereDthelaftiljippcoftljejneete "ffoutof'ttie 
 that tocne from Cochin to Portugall , inhere Qjce maae failc, fo? tohicb 31 toas marucilouflp oif= s»j*j*m of c» 
 comfo?tca, becatife that all the pcere follotoing, there toas no goutgfoi Pottugale, ano tohen toe c 
 arriura at Cochin 31 toasfullp Determinea to goe fo? Venice bp the toap of Qrmus, ana at that 
 time tlje Ct'iie of Goa toas bellegea bp the people of Dialcan, but the Citizens fo ?cea not this afi 
 fault.becaufe thep fnppofea that it toonlo not continue bng, fo ? all this 3! imbatkcD mp felfe tti <?<" »»«s u» 
 a©allr?thattocntfojGo^meaningtl;ere toflj:ppempfelfefo?Ormus:uuttobcntoecaiiie to tB ' ' 
 Goa,tbe Viceroy tooulanot fttfferanp Portugal toDcparc.bprcafonof ihc toarres, Sna being 
 in Goa but a fmall time, 3 fell Scke of en taBrmitie tijatbclbe mee fouremonetbs:tobichtoitb 
 jhtuckc ana Met colt me eight hunojetlj Buckets, ano there 3 toas conftraineD to fell a fmat quan* 
 titie of Kubicsto fuirtnemp neeae: aim 31 foloe tljstfcj fine hunDjetb Duckecs,that toastoojth 
 a tboufana. Sna toben 3 beganne to toajce toell of mp Dtfcafe, 3 b an but little of that monep left, 
 euerp thing toas fo fcarte : jTo? euerp chicken (ano pet not goca) colt mee feucn o? eight Liuers, 
 tobicbisfireftjillings,o?are fbiilingseigbcpeiice, ISenorcljis great charges, tlje Apothecaries 
 toith thetr meDicines tocrc no fntall charge to me. 9t the chdc of arc moneths thep raifcD the 
 Cege, ano then 3 begannc to toa?ke,fo? Jetoels tocre rifen in their p?ices : fo^tohcreas before 31 
 folo a feto of refufca Kubies,31 oeterminca then ta fell the rctt of all mp 3Ietoels that 3 haa there, 
 ana to make an other bopaoje to Pegu. 3na fo^becaufe tljat at mp Departure from Pegu,Opium f a f„n ie a B f t ^ rt 
 toasingreatrequett^tocnttbentoCambayatoimplopagooarounDfummeofmouepttiOpt- Pegs. 
 um,ano there 3 bought 6o.perceIs of Opium, tohtch cottmc ttoo tljotifanD f a htmajctb buckets;, 
 euerp aucket atfoure ujillings ttoo pence* SQojcoucr 3 bought th?ee bales of ^ombatt cloth, 
 tobicb colt me eight htma?eD ouckats, tohtch toas a gooD comoaitte foj Pegu: tol;en 3 haa bought 
 tbefe ttjmgs.ttje Viceroy commanoeD that tlje cuttomc of the OpiumOjouja bepatae in Goa.anu 
 papf ng cuftome there 3 might carp it tobitber 3 tooula. 3 ibippeo mp 3 .bales of cloth at Chaul 
 fna!bippcthattoentfo?Cochin,ana3toenttoGoatopaptheafo?efaiDcuftomefo?mpOpium 3 
 ana ftomGoaj aepartcDto Cochin ina ilitp thattoasfojtbebopagcof Pegu,ana toentto totn- 
 ter then atS.Tome. <K0lljcn3 came to Cochin,3 bnaerltooa tljatthe ftjip that bao mpthjee bales! 
 cfxloth toas caltatoapano loll, fo that 3 lolt mp 8oo.SerafinsojDuckacs : ano aeparnngfrom 
 Cochin to gorfo? S.Tome,in calttngabouc foitlje3flanaof Zeilanthepilotetoasaeceiuea, 
 fo? that the €ape of tlje 3Hana of Z.eilan Iieth farrc out into tlje fea,ana the pilot thinking tljat be 
 might hauepaueobaroaboojo the Cape, anapaptngroometintljenight; tobentttoas moaning 
 tue toetefarre toithiu thcCape^napaft allremeaptogoout.bprcafon thetoinosbleto fo fiercely 
 againft as. §>o t tat bp this meattes toe loft our bopagc fo; tljat pere,ana toe toent to Manar toitlj 
 the fliip to tointer tljere,tfae (hip (jautng lolt hcrmaftes,ano toitlj great Diligence toe baralp faucn 
 bectoitbgreatloffes to the Captaine of tlje fljip, becaufelje toas fojcea rofraight another ujtp in 
 S.Tome fo } Pegu toith great Ioffes ana intereft, ana 3 toith mp frienas agrcca together in Ma- 
 nar to take a bark to carp bs to S.Tome; tobkh th ng toe Dia toith al tlje reft of the marcljantSjanB 
 arming at § .Tome 3 haa netos through j bp the to ap of Bengala,that in Pegu Opiu m toas berp 
 Dcatc,?,nD 3 kneto that in S.Tome there toasno Opium but mine to gofo? Pegu tljat pere, fo tljac 
 3 toas holoen of al tlje marcljants tljere to be berp rich: ana fo it tooula haue p^oueD,if mp aauerfe 
 fojtune haD notbincontrarptompljopejtohtcbtoas this. 3t that time tljere toent a great fhip 
 from Cambaya,to tbektng of A(Ti,toitlj great quantitteof Opium,^ tljere to IaDc ptprnin tohicg 
 bopage tljere came fuclj aftcime, tljat tlje ftjip toas fo;cco toith toetherte goe roomer Soo.nuicg, 
 
 X anffl 
 
2^1 The iinglilh Voyages,Nauigations,A/.Ge/^r/ : 'r^nc^. 
 
 atiD bp this meaties came to Pegu, toljereas tbcp ariueo a Dap befojc nice ; To that Opium tohirij 
 tons before berp oeare.toas noto at abate pnce:fo tljat tobicbtoas folo fo? fifticBizze befoje.toaa 
 foloe fo? 2 .Bizze f an !jalfr,thcre toas fuclj quantitie came in that (hip; fo tljat 3! toas glao to fiap 
 turn pcres in Pegu bnlettV 3 toottlo l>ane giucn atoap mp coitmioDitie: aim at the enc of ttoo peres 
 of mp 2 1 oo.sttckets luhich 3 beffotoco in Cambaya, J mace but a thoufano Duchcts. Chen 3 
 DfyarteDapmcfrom Pegu topefo? the indiesanofojOrmustoitl) great quamttie of Lacca,anli 
 from Ormus 3 rcturneo into the Indies fo? Chaul, ano from Chaul to Cochin.anO from Cochin 
 to Pegu, ©nee mo?e 3! lofloccafton to make rile riche, foj tobcreas 31 mightljaue brought gooo 
 fiojeof Opium apinc, 3 biougbt but a little.bring feareftill of mp otljer bopage befeje. 3n tljis 
 final! quantitie J imoe goon mofite. &no noto agatne 31 octet mineo to go fo? mp Ccuntrcp, 
 aim Departing from Pegu, 3 tarrico ano totntereo in Cochin,ano then 3 left the Indies ano came 
 
 foj Ormus. 
 
 3 tbinkeit 5>erp nrceffarp bcfo?e 3cntiempbopage,to reafonfometobat,anotflffjetoetoljat 
 fruits the Indies no pcclo ano b?ingfojth, tfirff, in the Indies ano other Caffparts of India there 
 is Peper ano ginger, tobiclj grotoctljin alt partial of India, anoinfome parts of the Indies, the 
 grcateft quantitie of peper grotoctb amongff toiloe bttfbeB,toitbout anp mancr of labounfaumg, 
 tljattohen it is ripe thep goe ano ptljer it. ©be tree tbattlJeprpcrgrotoetbontsllfcetoour3 , 
 uie.tohicb runnctb bp to the tops of trees tofaerefoeuer it grotoctb 1 ano if it t^ouln not takeboloe 
 offome tree.it tooulo lie flat anorotontbegrounD. ©bis peper tree Ijatlj ijts floure ano bertp like 
 in allparts to our 3uie berrp,ano tljofe berries be graines of pepenfo that tohen thep gather them 
 thep be grecue.anD then tljcp lap them in the feunne,ano thep become blacfce. 
 
 ©be (Singer grotortlj in tljis toife: the lano is tillco ano fotoen, ano the Ijcrbe is like to Pani2- 
 zo 5 ant) the roote is the ginger* ©Ijefe ttoo fpicesgroto in outers places. 
 
 ©be Clones come all from the Moluccas, toljich Moluccas arc ttoo 3ffanos,not uerp great, 
 ano tlje tree that thep groto on is like to our lato?ellttee. 
 
 ©be Nutmegs ano Spaces, tohich groto both together, are bjougljtftom tlje 3flano of Ban- 
 da, tohofe tree is like to our toalnut tree.but not fo big. 
 
 911 the gooD tohitc Sandol is bjottgljt from the aflaffl) of Timor. Canfora being compotmo 
 commetlj all from China.ano all tljat tobiclj grotoeth in canes commetlj from Borneo,^ 3 tbinke 
 that this Canfora commeth not into tljefeparts : fojuljat in India thep confume great ffo;te,an» 
 tbat tS berp Deare, ©he gooD Lignum Aloes commeth from Cauchinchina. 
 
 ©be Beniamin commeth from tlje kingoome of Adi ano Sibn. 
 
 long peper grotoeth in Bengala,Pegu,ano Iaua. 
 
 S©uf ke commetlj from Tar:aiia,tohich thep make in this jner.aS lip gooo information 3 haw 
 bene tola, ©here is a certaine beaff in Tartatia,tobich is toiloeano as big as a toolfc, tobtch beaft 
 
 %J«S>trtc«f. 
 
 <3i«g«- 
 
 <loue0. 
 
 j^titmegB 
 aiiD £pace0. 
 
 lOtjiti Sandol, 
 
 Canfora. 
 
 Lignum Alott. 
 Dcniamin. 
 
 long peper. 
 
 Ctlfs sguftic 
 ,513c IewesDoC 
 
 C onnterfeitann t {, ep tSi fa aliue.fj beat him to Death toitb final! flaues v bis Wood map be fpjeaD tb?ougb W ^bole 
 
 tafce out tialre .' /- ..... ....... .„„. . _«., «.i..« , _ I .^..»i.^o^i.i... i t.'.i.-i.r..^;„.™-..-_ 
 
 flcHjofanaffe 
 Aiibputmtbe 
 
 tcomfofit. 
 
 Knbiea&a» 
 pt)!?ea,anB 
 
 ©pincls. 
 
 Cfie Ealaflt 
 qtDiucm 
 
 Zcrlan. 
 Sporlion. 
 
 w gSsoSc boDp,then thep cut it in pieces, (J take out all tbe honest beat trje flelb totthitbe Wood in a mo jter 
 ant! neat t»e jj er p fmal.aiiD D?p it, ano make purfes to put it in of tlje f km,ano tbefe be the cods of mufke. 
 
 Cruelp 3 knoto not tobereof the 9mber is maoe.anD tljere are Diuers opinions of it,'juc this is 
 mofi certaine.it is caff out of tlje §>ea,ano tljjotone on lano, ano fottno Upon the fea bankes. 
 
 Cljeiaubics,!S)apbp?es,anD tlje Spinels be gotten in the kingoome of Pegu. Cbe Diamants 
 
 come from outers places; ano 3 fenoto but th?ce fojtsofthem, ©batfortofDimnantstbatitf 
 
 caIleoChiappe,commetb from Bezeneger.'EbofetljatbepointeDnaturallp come from tbe lano 
 
 of Delly.ano from Iaua, but the Diamants of Iaua are mo?e toaigljtie tben tlje otljer,3 coulo ne* 
 
 uer bnoetffano from tohence tljep tljat are calleo Balafli come; 
 
 pcarles thep fiilj in outers places.as befojie in this booke is fbotone. 
 
 ^rontCambaza commetlj tbe Spodiomtobicb congelethtn certaine canes, tobereof 3 founo 
 
 manp in Pegu,toljen 3 irtaoe mp boufe tljere,becaufe ttjac (as 3 baue fato before) tbcp make their 
 
 ffintbecoart or Ijoufes thereof toouen caneslike to mats. iFrom Chaul theptraoe alongft the coaff of Melinde 
 
 ■hfStn'tftt M Ethiopia.tottljtn the lano of Cafraria.-sn that coaff are manpgooD Ijarbojs keptbp tbe Moores, 
 
 iflliio'ofcafraria, l^ijtttjet tlje Portugals b?iiio; a kinoe of ISombatt clotlj ofa loto p?tce,ano great flojx of Pater. 
 
 rtatWonT noftersojbeaosmaoeof paltrie glaffe, toljich tljepmake in Chaul aceojoing to tbe bfe of tbe 
 
 g au baue. Countrcp : ano from tbence thep carp elephants teetlj fo? India, flaues ralleo Cafati, ano fome 
 
 9mber ano ^oId. S)n tljis coaff tlje king of Portugall hatlj his caflle calleo Mozambique.toljicb 
 
 is of as great importance as anp caffle that Ijce batlj in all bis Indies bnoer bis pjotection.ano tbe 
 
 Captaine of this caffle hatlj certaine nopages to this Cafraria,to tobicb places no Sparcljantsmap 
 
 asuping an& goe,but bptbe Ogent of this Captaine : ano tbep bfe to goe in final! ujippes, ano traDe toith tbe 
 
 lEiiiBguiithoiit Cafars, ano tbeic trace in bupinganD fellingis toithoutanp fpeacb one to tbe otljer, 3ntbis 
 
 3i°" c t0 toife tbe Portugals bnng tbeir gouos bp Ittle ano litle alonfjff tbe S>ea eoaCano lap tbtm ootone: 
 
 ano 
 
M.Qefar Frederick. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 24.3 
 
 anD fo Depart.ano the Cafar Sparcbants come atu> fee tfje gooes, 9 tljcre tljcp put cotoue as nmclj 
 golo as cljcp thinke tbe gooDs are too?tlj,anc fo goe tbctr toap ano leatie their pice ano the poos 
 togetljer,tljen commrtlj the Portugal.ano ftnomg tlje pice to tjis contcnt,ljcc taketb it ano goal) 
 bis map into Ijis fljip , anb then commetb the Cafar ano taketb tlje pops ano carietlj them atoap: 
 anti if be fjnee tlje pice tljcre tttlMt is a fipe tljat tlje Portugals are not contcnteo, ano if tlje Ca- 
 far tljinke be Ijatlj put too little, be aooetlj mo?e, as Ije tljinkctlj tlje thing is too?tlr. auo tlje Portu- 
 gal mutt not fianc toitb tljcin too ffrickt 5 fo? tftljepooe, tljcn tljep toill Ijaue no mo?c trace toitlj 
 tdem: jfo? tljep oifcaine to lie refufec,to!;en tljtp trjtnfee i^at tljcp ijaue offeree pnougbjfo ? thepbc 
 apecuifij people, ano Ijaue Dealt fo of a long time: aim bptljis traDccljcPortugals change their *°J*"[™? E f ? 
 commooities into plc,anu carp it to tlje £a3lc of Mozambique,tohicb is in an Jifianc not farrc gab Daae." 
 Dtttant from the Seme lane of Cafrariaon tlje coaft of Ethiopia,anc isDtftantfrom India 2800, 
 miles. ,H5o\utoretHrnetompl)opap,luljcn3! cametoOrmus, J founo there Spatter Francis 
 Berectin of Vetiicc,am> toe fratgbtcD a bark together to pe fo? Bafora fo? 7o.Duckets,flno toitlj 
 bs there toent other SQarcbants, tobicb mo eafe our fraipjljt, anD berp commootouflp toee came » 
 Bafora mto tljcre toe QapcD40,3apesfo?p?ouiotno;aCarou3n of uarkstoptoBabylon^ccaufc 
 tljep bfe not to pe ttoo 0? 3 .barkes at once, but 2 5 .0? 3 o.becaufc in tlje nipt tljcp cannot go ,buc 
 muff make them f att to tlje banks of the ritier.anC then toe mutt make a Dcrp gooc 9 ttrong paro, 
 ano be tori pjiotiioeD of armo?,f:? refpect jfafegaro of our gooDs ; uecaufc tlje number of tljccues 
 is great that come to fpoile ano rob the merchants. 9nc toljcn toe Depart fo? Babylon toegoea 
 Ictle toith sur failc,anc the bopage is 3 8,0? 4o.oapes long,but toe tocre secapes on it.GHljcn toe 
 came to Babylon toe ttapeo there 4.monctb3 3 'Jnttl the Carouan toas reacp to go cue r the toiloer* 
 nes,oi Dcfrrt fo? Alepo ; m thiscttie toe toerc tf.spardjants tljat accompanies toptber,mtc Ve- 
 netians ano a Portugal ; toljofe names toere as fotlotoeth, Mefler Florinafa toitlj one ofijfs kinf- jj„ 0|ftrr Bom 
 
 men, Meffer Andrea dePolojtljCPortugaljM.FrancisBercttni ano 3I,anofowrefurniuje5 our tojjjoailjreto 
 
 feiues toitlj bictttais ano beanes fo? our tjo?fes foj 40, oapes ; ano toec bought ijc? fes ano mules, Km from 
 fo? tljat tljep bee Dcrp gooc cfceape there , 31 mp fclfe bought a bojfe tljcre fo? 1 1 ,akcns,auo fcloe ^° n » 
 tjim after in Alepo fo? 3 o.ouckets, 9lfotoebougljtaSenttobici)oiDbsberpgreatpleafure:toe CF °° 
 ^aoalCbamongtlbs 2 2.CamclpIaoentoitbmarchantitfe:fo?tbetoljicb toepaio 3.ot!cketsfo?e* 
 uerp camels lacing, ano fo? euerp io.camels tljep maDe ii,fo?foistijeir bfeanDcuttome, We 
 take alfo toitlj bs 3 .men to ferue bs in tbe bopage, tobiclj are bfeo to goe in thofe bopages fo? fiue 
 DD,aman,am>arebounotofcniebsto Alepo : fo that toe pauTeoberptoelltottbout anp trouble: 
 toben tbe camels crieo out to refl.our pattilion mas tlje firtt tljat toas erecteo» 'Che Carouan ma* 
 itetb but fmall iourneis about 2o,miIes a Dap, 9 tbrp fee fo?toarcs euerp mo?ning bcfo?e Dap ttoo 
 Ijourcs, anD about ttoo in tbe after noone tljep fit Dotone* COc ijac great gooo Ijap in our bopage, 
 fo? tljat itraineo j f 0? tobicb caufe toe neucr toantf D toater , but euerp Dap fotino gooo toatcr, fo 
 that toe cotrto not take anp Ijurt fo? toaut of toater,$)et toe carieo a camel laoen al toapes toitlj toa-- 
 ter fa? euerp gooo refpect that might cljancc in tlje oefert , fo that toee baD no toant neither of one 
 tbmg,no?otljertljattoastobeebaDintljecountr£p. Jfo? toee came berptoellfurniftjeo of euerp 
 tbing,ana euerp Dap toe eat freflj muttcn,bccaufe tljcre came manp fljcpljearcs toitbbs toitb tljeit 
 flocks.toljokept tbofe ujecpe that toe bought in Babylon, anD euerp marcljant markcD Ijis ftjeepe 
 toitlj W otone marke,ano toe gaue tlje ftjepljearos a Medin, toljiclj fcs ttoo pence of our monep,fo j 
 tlje keeping ano fecoing our Qjeep on tlje toap,anD fo? killingof tljcm, 3nD befioe the Medin tljep 
 &aue tbe IjeaDS.the f kinnes,ano tbe intrals of euerp fljeepe tljep kil. SUe fire bougljt 2 o.ujeepei 
 ano tolj en toe came to Alepo toelja0 7,aliue of tbtm,3no in tlje Carouan tljcp bfethiso?Der,tIjnt 
 the marcljants ooe lenoe fleftj one to another, becaufe tljep toill not carp rato flcfij toitlj cbem,but 
 pleafute one another bplenoing one one oap.ano another anotljcroap. 
 
 5f rom Babylon to Alepo is 40,Dapes iournep.of tlje tobiclj tljep make 3 tf.Dapes oucr tbe toil= 3 *• a>«w* 
 Dernes.in tobtcb 3 tf.oapes £l;ep neither fee Ijoufe , trees , no? people tljat ittbabite it, but onelp a ( |" uijKrt. 
 plaine,ano no figne of anp toap in tlje too?lD;2Dlje ptlots go befo?c,ano tlje Carouan follotoetb af= 
 ter.Sno toljcn tljep fit ootone all the Carouan bnlaDetb ano fittctlj ootone.fo? tljep knoto the Cati= 
 ons tohere tlje toells are. 31 fap.in 3 6,oapes toe patfe ouer tlje toilocrnctfe. jTo? toben toee Depart 
 from Babylon ttoo oapes toepaffe b? billages inbabitcobntil toe Ijaue pafTcD the rittcr Euphrates. 
 SlnDtljentoitbtn ttoo capes of Alepo toe bauebiilagesinljabiteD. 31" this Carouan tljcre gcetlj nnamtvm 
 altoap a Caytame that Dotb 3Iuttice bnto all men: ano euerp nipt tljtp keepe toatclj about tlje Ca- t ,5J , g CI " 1 1 ,g C ,o 0, 
 rouan, anc comming to Alepo toe toent to Tripoli, tobereas Spatter Florin.ano fatter Andrea icrafaicm, 
 Polo,artD 3,toith a Jrier,toentanD btreo a batketo goe toitb bs tolerufalcm. Departingfrom 
 Tripolie, toe arriueD at IafFa :from tobiclj place in aoapano balfe toe toent talerufalem, ano toe 
 gaueo?oer to our barketotarpfo?bsbntilIourreturnc 50eettapec inlerufalem i4.Dapcs,to 
 bifitetljofebolp places : from tobence toe returnee to laffa, ano from IafFa to riipolie,mfi) tbere 
 
 X 2 toee * 
 
• ■ . ■■■—-■■ ■■ ■ , I ...» ■ M ■■ I ., 
 
 Ufa The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations,M.£^rFr^m'<:^. 
 
 QTticaiitlioirc 
 
 nimeiB CO Ve- 
 nice i $ 8 1 . 
 
 % lurp gooB 
 oi&crtttattntv 
 iMiicnuiierc 
 •ffotimreps fof 
 tilt recouering 
 nfilicgnnSsgf 
 t B« DfrtO. 
 
 ffljDcrofap- 
 parsl in Pegu. 
 
 Cftrtu&crof 
 itif mjiiicne 
 apparel in 
 Pegu, 
 
 tore (Ijipyetj cue fetes in a fbip of Venice calleo tlje Bagazzana : 9nobp ttje bcJpc of tljeDiuine 
 potocc.toe arrmca fafe Ip m Venice tbe fift of jftouember 1581. 3Jf tljere be anp tbat batb anp Dc^ 
 fire to goe into tljofc partes of India.let Ijtm not be aftonteoat tbe troubles t(jat J^atte paffeD; be« 
 caufe 31 urns intangleo in manp things : foi that 31 toent berp pooje fro Venice toitb 1 2oo,duc= 
 kets implopaj in inarrtjanOi=>e, ana tutjen f came to Tdpolie, 31 fell ficke in theboufe of Staffer 
 Regaly Oracio.anu tljis tnaii fent atoap mp gooostoitb a fmallCarouan that toent from Tripo- 
 lie to Alepo,anatbe Carouan toasrobo.ano allmpgooDBlonfauingfourecljeGsofglaffestoiucb 
 cottme 2oo,mtckets, of toljicb glafleS3l fcuno manp bjoken :becattfetbe tbeettes thinking itbao 
 bene other marcljanoi^e, bjake tljcm bp,ano feeing t bep toerc glatfes tbep let t !jem all alone, Slna 
 Intel) tins onelp fiocke 31 nouenturco to goe into tye Indies : SlnD tfcus toitlj change ano rechange, 
 ana bp Diligence in mp toopage, ©00 oia blelte ana Ijelpe me e , to trjat 31 got a gooo (locke. 3J to ill 
 not be bnmtnafull to put tbtm in rcmcmbjancc,tljat baue a oefire to goe into tbofc pacts^otu ttjep 
 (ball kcepe their gooos,aua giue tljeni to their bcires at tbe time of tljeir Deatb,ana botoc tljis map 
 be Done berp fecurelp, 31 n all tfje cities that tbe Portu gales baue in tljelndies,tljerc is a Ijoufc cal« 
 
 lea lljcfcljoole of San&a mifericordiacomiflaria : the gOUCtnours tolxrcof , if pougt'uettjemfoj 
 
 tljeir paines , toill take a coppp of pour toil! ano Cettament , toljicb pou mud altoapes carp about 
 pou ; ana chieflp totjenpou go into tbe Indies. 3!n tbe countrep of tbe Moores ana ©entiles,m 
 tbofebopages altoapes tbcre goetb aCaptaineto acmtniftec31uffice to allChriflians oftljePor- 
 tugales.SUfo this capt ainc bath au tbo jitit to recouer the gooDS of tljofc S^arcljants that bp cljnncc 
 a ie in tbof e uopages.ano t h cp chat baue not mabe their CO i Us ano regit! r ca tbcm in tbe afo ? cfaioc 
 fcl)ooles 3 tl)c Captaines toil confume tljeir gooag in fuclj toife.tljat lttle } nothing mill be left fo? 
 their beircs aub frienas, 3lfo there goetb in tbefe fame bopages fame marcbants that are com* 
 mifiartes of the fcljoole of Sancla mifericordia,tbat if anp S^arrijant Die ano baue Ms 8Bil matte, 
 ano hath giuen oicet that tbe fcljoole of Mifericordiafljall l)aue bis gooas ana fell tbcm, tljctt 
 tljcp fence the moncp bp ercljange to tbe Tcboole of Mifericordiatn Lisbo.ne, tottlj that topic of 
 bis Crfi amcnt,tljen from Lisbon tljep giue intelligence thereof , into tohn t part of C^iffenDome 
 foeuer it be, ano the beircs of fuel) a one comming thither, toieb tcflimoniail that tljep be Ijeires, 
 thep tliallrccciue there the ualue of bis gooast in fuel) totfe that tbepfljall not loofc anp thing, 
 T6ut tljep that ate in the kingoome of Peguloofe tbe ttjtroe part of tljeir gooas bp ancient tuQome 
 of tlje t, otmt rep , that if anp Chnfti an a t'et b in tbe kingoomc of Pegu,tlje king ana his officers reft 
 beircs of a thtrae of his gooDs.ana tljere bath neuet bene anp Deceit } frauoe bfco in tljis matter, 
 31 Ijatte knotoen manp rich men tbat ljai<e a« elleo in Pegu,anD in their age ttjep Ija tie Deurea to go 
 into their otone Countrep to Die t her e,ana tjauc Depaneo toitb alcheir gooas ano fubftance U)ttb- 
 ettt let 0} trouble, 
 
 3 n Pegu ttjefaujion of their apparel id all one,as todl ttje j5ob!eman,as tlje fimple: the one* 
 lp Difference is in tbefinenes of tbe cloth, totjicb is clotb of Combat! one Gncr ttjen another, ana 
 tbep lueare their apparellm this toifet^trft, a toljite^otuball cloth totjictj fcructbfo; a u)trt, 
 then tbepgitD another painteobombaB cloth of fouretcene bjafes, toh'.clj tbepbitiDcbpbcttoirc 
 tljeir legges,ano on their Ijeaos thep tocare a fmall tock of tljjec b? accs,maoe in gut w of a mptcr, 
 ana Tome goe toitljout tocks, ano carp ( as it tocrc ) a i)iue on ttjeir Ijcaaes, toljich Doetlj not paffe 
 the lotoer par t of his eare, tohen it id lifteo bp : tjicp goe all bate footeD, but the Jftoble men neuec 
 goe on foote, but are carieo bp men in a feate mith great reputation, toitb a tjat mane of the ieaues 
 of a tree to keep c bint from the raine ano <S> unne, 0? otljertoif e thep tioe on ho?fc backe toi'tlj tbeic 
 feete bare in tlje flirops, 3 11 f o?ts of toomen tnljatfoeuer tljep be, tocare a Cmocke aotonc to tlje 
 git ale,ana from tlje girole Dotonetoato s to tbe foote thep tocare a cloth of tljjee b?af cs, open bt- 
 fo } e , fo ttraite that thep cannot goe , but thep muQ ftjetoe their fecret as it toe re aloft, ano in tljetc 
 going tljep faine to Ijiae it toitb tljeir hana, but thep canot bp reafon of tbe firaitucs of tljeir clotij, 
 %bcp faptljat tbtsbfetoastnuenteobp a Oueene tobeanoccaliontbattbeGgbttbercofmigbt 
 temoue from men the bices againtt nat ure.tobi clj tljep arc greatlp giuen bnto : tohich Cght ujoulB 
 caufe tbem to rcgaro toomen t be mo j c. 9 Ifo the toomen goe bare footcD,tljcir armes laben toitb 
 Ijo opes of goloe ana 3letoeis s 9na tljeir fingers full of precious rings ,to ttlj tljeir batre rolled bp a< 
 bout tljeir beans, Sgjanp of tlj cm toeare a cloth about tljeir ujoulDers in Ceaa of a rioakc 
 
 jQoto to tlniuj that tohich 31 faauc begunne to to?tte,3i fap,tfjat tfjofe parts of tbe Indies are bet? 
 gooD, bccatifc tljat a man tbat bath title, ujall make a great scale thereof ; altoapes tbep rand go-- 
 uerne t hemfelues that tbep be taken fo? Ijenett men. # j totyfx to fucb tbere ujal neuer toant belpe 
 to aoe toel,but (je that is bict'ous.let him tarp atljome ana not go tbitber,becaufe be rtjall aitoape* 
 be a begjetjano Die a poojc man, 
 
 A letter 
 
The QJec.to the jty.ofQiina.Trafaques and Difcoueries. 24.5 
 
 Letters concerning the voyage o£ M.IobnNewbery and M.1{alpb 
 Fitch, made by the way of the Lettant Sea to Syria, and ouerland to Balfara, 
 and thence into the Eaft Indies, and beyond, In the yeeie 1 583. 
 
 ^f A letter written from the Queencs Maieftie 3 to Zelabdim , 
 
 Ecbebar King QtCam6aia,md lent by IubnNenbery, In ' 
 February Anno I 5 8 3. 
 
 Lizabeth bp tlje grace of (Son, ?c. 'SCo tfjemott inumcible, ano moff mtgljtie 
 
 pjmceJojD Zelabdim Echebar king of Cambaya. 31nuinctblc Cmpr roj,(jfC. 
 £ljc gteat affection toljicij ouc&ubtectjs haue.to bifittljemoff Dtftam places 
 ofthetoojlD, not toitijoutgooD totil aim intention tointroDucctfcetraDcof 
 marchanDtje of al nations lnljatfoctict tljep can,bp toljicij meancs t|jc mutual 
 snDfricnDlptrafiqucofmarcljanDheonbotljfiDes map come, is tbccaufe 
 §J tfjat tlje bearer of tljis letter IohnNew'bery,ioputlptoit!)tbofetb<it be inljiiJ 
 companp, totcb a curtcotts anD Ijoiteft bolDitcCfe.Doe rcpaire to tlje borers ano co untrep? of pour 
 €mpirc,toe Doubt not but thatpourimperialSJNemetljmughpourropal grace, totllfauounblp 
 anofrienolp accept bim, aim tljatpouuioulDtioe it trjeratljcrfo? our fake.to make us grcatlpbc^ 
 homing to pour sjjateffie; toec fijoulomo?e camcfflp.aimtoitlj moje toojots require it.iftoce did 
 think it necDful.'Btttbp the fuigular rcpojt tljat is of pour imperial 90aie3ics b'imanttie in thefe 
 uttctmoaparts of tlje l»o?lD,bje ate gtestlp eafcD of tbat butDen, aim tljerefoje U)e bfc tlje fevuee 
 anD lefie looms : onelp toe requett tbnt becaufc tljep arc our fubtccta, tljep map be Ijonefilp intrca* 
 tcoaimreceittcD. anDtljatinrefpectoftljcljarDiourreploIjicijtljepljaueiiimertaketitoijIafesfQ 
 farDiffant, it tootilD pleafe pottrSSaiefiie toitljfamelibertic ano fecutitie of Dotage to gratifie it, 
 toith fuclj p?iuileges as topoufljall feeinc gooo: toljicij curtelic if pour Jmperiallmatetfte foal to 
 oiirfubicctsatourrequefls perfomie,bJee,acco»ingtoourropallljonour, toil rt comptnee tlje 
 fame toith as manpoefertsastoe can, SnD tjeretoitlj toebm pour31mperial SgNeGte to farctoel, 
 
 A letter written by her Maieftie to the King o£Qhina } 
 InFebruariej.583. 
 
 I Lizabeth bp tlje grace of <Sod Siurene of England,^. 3£ofl imperial aim inttinciWe 
 1 pjincc,ouctjone& fubiect lohn Newbery tlje bjinger bereof.toljo toitljour fstiour bath 
 .' taken in Ijatm tlje Dcpage tebiclj notoc Ijee purfuetlj to tlje parts anD countreps of pour 
 *!Empirr,noctruftingVipouanp other groumi thenbpontljCfauourofpourjniperiaU 
 elemencie aim ljumanitie, is moouco to btmercake a tljing of fo mucb Diffiutltie, being pcrl'toaDcD 
 tbat Ijee bauiug entreD into fo manp perils, pour Spateftie toill not Dilltke tlje G-;mc,efpecia!Ipjf it 
 map appeare that it be not Damageable bnto pour ropallSpaiettie, anD tljat to pour people u totll 
 tyingfamepjofite: of both tobtclj things Ijc not Doubting, toitbmojetoiiltngmtimcljjjhpiepareo 
 himfclfe fo? Ins DettinateD bopage bnto tos toell Itkeo of, jfo? bp this meanes toe prrcf iuc,tb t ;t tlje 
 profit Uiljtcl) bp the mutual traoe on bctb fiDefl,al tlje pjinces our neighbors in t) ailed 00 lecctue, 
 pour Imperial maieflie $ tljofc tljat be fubiect bnoer pour Dominion, to tljeir great iop anD benefit 
 fljal Ijauc the fame, toljicij confilletlj in tlje tranfpojting outtoaro of fuclj things toijereof toe Ijaue 
 plentp.f in bringing in fuclj tljings astoeKanDinnceDof, 3!t cannot otljertoife be,but that feeing 
 toearebo?neanDmaoctolj?.ue need oneof another, (it that tocearebounDto nioc one anotbcr,but 
 tljat pour imperial 90 aiettte tutl toel like of it, 9 bp pour fubiects ri like inoettoi toil be ncccpteD, 
 aTojtbe increafetoljereof.ifpour imperial 9£)aiettie fljall aDDetljefecuntieof palfage.tottljoiljrr 
 pjittileges moffneceffarp to bfe ctje traoetoitlj pour men,pour maieOte fljall Doe that toljicij belon* 
 getlj to a moff honorable 9 liberaIpjince,anD Dcferue fo muclj of us, as bp no cnttnuancc oj lengtlj 
 of time ftjalbe fo}gotten.523ljiti) rcqttca of ours toe Do moll inflantlpDefire to betake in gcoo paft 
 of pour mateaie,atm fo great a benefit totoaros bs $ our m£ti,toc (ball enocuQ? bp Diligcnrc to re* 
 quite totjen time fijal ferue thereunto.'Etje iSod 3lmigljtp long pjeferue pour Jmpcrtal maitflie, 
 
 A letter of M.Iobn lS(ewbery ^written, from ^lepc^ to M.^jcbard 
 
 Hakluit o£oxford,the 2 8of May, Anno 1583. 
 
 j3!gl)ttoelbeloueD,aiiDmpau"areDgooDfcienD,3]f)eavtilpcom!nenDmebntopoti,bopiti5 
 
 cfpcurgooDljealtlj,?c. 9ftcrtoefctfatlcfromGraueiend,tobicbtoastlje ij.Dapbf 
 
 1 Jfeb^ttarp latf, tocc rematncD bpon our coaft untill tbe 1 1 .Dap of 9Barclj, an" 1 tljat cap 
 
 ! toe fct Cailc from Falmouth , ano ncttcr ankcreD till toee arrtucD in tbe roao of r tipolie 
 
 in Syria, toljicij toascbelaft oap of3p?illlafl pall, tofeeretocc flaveo i4.Dapts : anDtljcttoeiuie 
 
 X 3 of 
 
z\6 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, John 3\(ctobme, 
 
 of tbtsp?efent tueeameljitljec to Alepo,anotoitb ©oos helpe, tottbtn fine o? fire aapes pe from 
 Jjence totoaras the Indies. sg>ince mp comming to Tripolis 3 faauc maae berp earnctt mqutrie 
 h b '« d °rm rmatl iot,J therc ann ljcre ' fo? tbe l30ofee of £°f mo S ra P^ E of Abilfada Ifmael, but bp no mcanes can 
 s'capsu. ^ Jjeaceoftt* &>omefaptbatpou"iblp it mapbebaDtnPetria.butnottottbttanDmgatotUnotfaile 
 to makeinqutriefo? tt.botlj in Babylon,anainBalfara,ano if a cantmaeit in anp of tbcfe places, 
 3 toil fena it pou from thence, 'SbelettertoljicbpourielmmDmefo^tocoppout.tfjatcantefrom 
 
 90, Thomas Steuens in Goa, as alfo UJC note pott gaue !«et Of Francis Fernandes the Portugal, 
 
 3 b?ougbt thence Uoitlj me amongother te?itings bnatoares, tije tobtcb 3 &aue fenc pou here in' 
 clofeo. berets greatp?eparattonfo?tbctoarresmPcrfia,anD from hence isgonetjjeBaflaofa 
 totone calletiRahemecanOfijo^tlpafterpjoetbtljeBaffa of Tripolis, ano t^e Bafla of Damafco, 
 but tljep baue not all Uuttlj them about 6ooo.mcn from hence, ana tbep gee to a totone called Ai; 
 merome,tobicb is tb?ee napes iournep front Trapezunde.tobere tbep dial mette toitb aiuers cap* 
 taines ana foulDiers that come from Constantinople ano other places tbereabout , tohichgoeal« 
 together into Pcrfia. djis peete manp men goc into tbetoarres, ano To bath there cucrp peerc 
 fince ctje beginning trjcreof,tuljiclj is eight pecres o? thereabouts, but berp fetoe of them returne 
 againe, pottoitbttanDing^ljcp get of the Perrians,anD mafee catties ano boles in their countrcp, 
 3 p?ap pou make mp heartp commenaations to matter Peter Guillame,ano matter Philip lonet, 
 anti to O^AValter Wamer.aM) to all thereftofour ftienas. Smaller Fitchhath bimbcarttlp com= 
 menoea into pott t ana fo 3 commit pou to the tuitionof the aimigljtictobo blcffe ana keepepou, 
 ana renn bs a iopfall meetiug. tf torn Alepo.tbe 2 8,of ypap 158$, 
 
 2!>our lotting friena to commano in all that 3 map, 
 Iohn Ncwberie. 
 
 Another letter of the faid M TStewberk 3 written to Matter Leo^ 
 
 mrd Voore ofLondonjxom ^Alefo. 
 
 3ght toetbeIottea,mp berp beattie commenaations bnto pou,anti the rettof mp frienos 
 remembjeu. S^platta fent poutoas tbeis.of JFeb?uarp latt, from Dele out ofttje 
 Downes,aftertDhich time n)ithconcrarpb)jnDestoeercmaine&bpon our otonccoatt, 
 bntill tlje 1 i.oap of C@arcb, aim then lace fet faile from Falmouth,ana the thirteenth 
 bap the toinoe came contrarp toith a berp great tto?me, tobicb continues eight aapes, ana in this 
 great Go?me toeebaofomeofourgoGBGtoctte, button bee thankee no great hurt Done. Suet 
 tobich time toe faileD toitb a faire toina toitbitt tlje Streights,ana fo rcniat'nea at &>ea,ana ankerea 
 at no place until our comminginto tlje roaoeof Tripolis in Sytia,tol)!clj teas the lattaapof 3p?tU 
 ®bis mas a berp goon palfage, ©00 make bs tljankfull fo? u. '•ZLlje foureteenth Bap oftljis p?e* 
 fent toee came from Tripolis, ana the twentieth Bap arriueo here in Alepo,ana toith the belpe of 
 (§oDtomo?rob3eo?nerttiap,uieebeginne our bopagctobiarDs Babylon ana Balfara,anDlo into 
 India, ©ft friena spatter Barret bath bint' commeiiDea to pou,toho hath fentpcu intheEma- 
 nuel a ball of Nutmegs fo \ the fmall trifles poa fent him s tohirh a hope long ftnee pou baue re* 
 ceiueo. &lfo heeljathhp rjts letter certified pou inlurjat o?oer t^ce foloe tljafe tljings, toljereof 3J 
 can fap nothing, becatife 3 baue not fecne the accompt thereof, neither haueoemaunncDit : foj 
 cuer Once our comming hither bee bath bene tttll built about the oifpatcljof the fiiippe, anoouc 
 bopage,an03likebJifeinbuptngof things here to carp to Balfara, ano the Indies. ©Ueebaue 
 Mmbec'gtetre. oougljt in ctirrall fo? 1 200, attD oooe oucats, anb amber fo?foure ljuno?eth 6ucatcs,anDfome 
 &opc ' fope ana broken glafre,toith all other fmall trifles,aUtohich things 3 hope totll fetue berp toel fo? 
 asioftensiaire. trjofeplacesthatiueclrjaHgoebnto, 9lltbe reflofthe accompt of tlje tSarke Reinolds toasfent 
 Ijomein the Emanuel, tohich tuas 36oo.aucats, tohith is 2oo t pounamoje thenittuasrateD. 
 jfoj matter Staper ratea it but 1 1 00. li. ana it is 15 00. pouna, fo that our part is 2oo.pouna, 
 OSeGaesfucljpjofitasit u)allpleafe<Soa tofenae thereof ;tohercfo?e pou ttjaHaoeberptoellto 
 lpeake to sp.Staper fo? the accompt, 3na if pou booulD content pour felfe to traucli fo? tlj?ee 0? 
 fourc peercs, a toottla totflj pou to come hither 0? goe to Cairo.if anp goe thitbcr.tf 0? tuee Doubt 
 not if pou baa remainea tljere but th?ee 0? foure moneths ; pou tooula like fo toeH of tlje place, that 
 3 chittkepoubJoulD not aeGre to returne agaihe in th?ce 0? foure peeres. 9na,tf it ftjoula be mp 
 chance to remaine in anp place out of England,!! tooulo cljoofe this befo?e all other that a knob). 
 S©preafonis,theplaceisheaIthfuUanDpleafant,anDthcgaineBberpgooa,ana no Doubt thep?ofit 
 mill bee hereafter better, things being bfeo in gooo o?acr : fo? there ftjoula come in eucrp fljip the 
 fourth part of bcr Cargafon in moncp,tt>btcb tooula helpe to put atoap our commoDttics at a berp 
 gooo p?ice, SJIfo to Ijaue ttoo berp gooo flnps to come to gether.toouia Doe berp toellt f 0? in fo 00= 
 ing,the Danger of tlje bopage might be accompwa as little as frotn London to Ancwerpe.s^atter 
 
 Giles 
 
 i£atc!) 11. 
 
 •5TEJC fart of 
 
lohnD^ewberie. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 
 
 247 
 
 Giles Porcer anB matter Edmund Porter, Ductlt from Tripoli in a 1'mall Darke to latfa , tlje lame 
 Dap tljat tue came from tbencc, tuhic^Daas tlje 14 Dap of tljis y?cfent , fo tljat no Doubt but letter, 
 iince tljep are in Icrufalcm : ©oa fetia ttjem ana as fafc rcturnc. Sit t bis intrant 31 rjauc recnuca 
 tbe account of 9F). Barret , ana tbc reft of tbe rings, tettlj ttoo ana tuientte attcka ts,t djo mcatiies 
 tnreaDte moncp, «s>o tbere is notbtnej remaining in bis ijanas but a feto baokes , ana niitlj Tho- 
 mas Boliocke J left cettame fmall triflcs.Voijiclj J pjap pou acmnuna. Sna fa once agatne taitb 
 mp Ijeartp cammcnaations 31 commit pou to the tuition of the almtgljtic , ttiijo aluiapes pjeftrtte 
 Ds. Jf rom Aleppo tlje 2>> of 9^ap 1583, 
 
 JOours aflurea, Iohn Newberie* 
 
 a 
 
 Another letter of Maftef Nebberie to the aforefaide 
 
 M. Poore 3 written from Babylon. 
 
 ^ laft 31 ftnt pou,\uas tbe 29 of spapM uatl from Aleppo.bp George Gill tlje 
 
 purfer of tlje ©ger.ttjhiclj ttje latt aap of tlje fame monetlj came from tbence, $ 
 
 arrittea atFeluge the i9Bap ofJune.lDbicIjPelugets one anj eg tottrncp front 
 
 hence. ifrotbwljflanDingfeme of eur eompanp came not httljcr till the laft aap 
 
 of tlje Iaft monetrjAuhtch nias foj Uiant of Camels to carp our gooas: faj at this 
 
 ttmeoftbepeere,bp reafon of tlje great heate that is here, Camels arc aerp 
 
 fcant to be gotten. 3na ftnee our camming bitljer lac haue fauna berp final! fales, but etucrsfap 
 
 tbat in the Dinner our cemmoaittes bJtll beberp DMl fola, 3! pjap ©pa tljcir tto?as map pjooue 
 
 true. 3! thinkedotb.kctites gsttnne.batienetter bene Ijerc at fo loin prices as tljep are noto. J3ot* 
 
 tottbftanDing, if 31 Ijaaberefomucbceaaiemonep as tlje commoaittes are Uioojtb, 31 tuatila not 
 Doubt to make a beep gaoa pjiofite of tljts Dotage ljttber,anD ta Balfara,ana fo Iw ©oasljelpe there 
 totll be reafenablc p joSte maac ofelje botage.'l&ut nritb halfe monep $ Ijalfc commoaitic, map be 
 Deugbtbere trje beft fo?t ef Ipices, ana otljer commoDities tbat arc b?eugljt from tlje Indies, ana 
 soithottt monep there ts Ijere at tbts inftant fmall gooa to be Done. i&titlj ©oas fcelpe ttoo aapeg <%bt best rojt 
 tience, 31 minae to goc from bence to Balfara, ana from tbencc of fo?ce 31 mttft goe to Orm us fo j eImo" 8 m 
 iDantofamantljatfpeakerbthe 3lnaian tongue. Stmp being in Aleppo 3 birca ttoo Nazara- *m*™.' 
 nies, ana one of tbem batb bene ttaife in tbe Slnaics, ana batb tlje language Derp uiell, but be is a ° imus * 
 fcetp leuiae felloia, ana ttjercfoje 31 totll not take Ijim lmtlj me. 
 
 Here follow the prices of wares as they arc worth here at thisinftant. 
 
 Clones ana spacrs.tlje bateman, 5 auckats. 
 Cpnamom 6 auckats, ana feta to be gotten, 
 jQwmegs.tbc bateman, 45 meoins,ana 40 meains makctb a ancfeat, 
 ©inger,4omeains, 
 ^Deppcr,75mcDin0. 
 "SDttrbetta, tbe bateman , 50 meatus. 
 
 jlfreel tlje cljurle, 70 auckats, aua a cburle is 27 rottt'ls ana a balfeof Aleppo, 
 gnlke, mucb better tljcn tbat toljieb commctlj from Perfia, 1 1 auckats ana a balfe tbe bateman, 
 ana euerp bateman bere maketlj 7 pouno ana 5 ounces CngliOj toaigljt, 4From Babylon tlje 26 
 Dapof31ulp, 1583. 
 
 JJOttCS, Iohn Newberie. 
 
 Mafter Newherie his letter from Ormrn^ to M. John Eldredzxid 
 William Shah at Balfara. 
 
 3!gljt toelbelotteaana mp affurea gooa frienas, 31 bcartilp contcna me Ontc pott, 
 I tjopmgof pottr gooa bealths, f c. ®o certifie pou of mp Dotage, after 31 aepartea 
 1 fropou,ttmett)ilnotpermit:buttbe4of tbtspjefenttoearriutaljerc, pbe 10 
 aap 31 Uiitb tbe reftiDcre committea to pufon, ana about the nuaale of the nert 
 > monetb,tbe Captatne toil fena as all inbis ftipfojGoa, Ebe caufcDaljp toe are 
 ■ taken,as tbep fap,is,fo? tljat 31 brought letters from Don Antonio, But tbe 
 truetb ts.Michael Stropene toas tlje onelp caafe,Dponletterstljat htsbjotber ru jote bimfrom A- 
 leppo. ©oa knoDjetlj bote toe lljall be aelt nutball in Goa,anD tbcrfo je if pott can p;ocuce our ma? 
 flcrs to fena tljeking of Spaine bis letters fo^ourrcIeafement.poulljculaaoeDs great gooa :fo? 
 tljep cannot toitlj ittfttce put Ds to aeath t 3jt map be tljat tbep toill cut auc tlj20tes,o^ keepe as long 
 
 in 
 
 ■Sfrizpjtcroof 
 fpiccaat Eb- 
 
 byloD. 
 
Michaet Stro • 
 pen; nil Tf M» 
 iMti acctifcD 
 our men to 
 Is fpity. 
 
 2 4.8 T he Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, f obn J\(ewfarie. 
 
 in pjiibn j ©ods toill be Done* Sill thofe commoDities that 31 tyougbt hither, bao beenc berp toell 
 folo, if this trouble ban not cbanceD. ^ou (ball no toell to fenD toitb all fpeco a mcfTenger bp Una 
 fromBalfaratoAleppo/ojtoccttifieoftbiBnuCc^ance,aItljougljttcolltljirt!eo?fojcpcrotoneis, 
 fo? that toe map be tbe fooner reIeafct>,atto 31 fbalbe the better able to recouer this againe tobich 
 is note like to be loll : 31 p?ap pou make mp Ijeartp commenoations, ?c, from out of the p jifon 
 tnOrmuz,tIjis 2i of September, 1583, 
 
 His fecond Letter to the forefaid Mafter John Eldred 
 and William Shales. 
 
 1 fyc barke oftlje 3!etoes is amueWjerc ttoo Dates pnff.bp tohem % knoto pou bib 
 
 to?ite,lntt pour letters are not like to come to mpbanoes, €bis banger hatb 
 
 fijetoCD me here berp great courtcGe,tot)erfoje 3 pjap pou (beto bim tobat fattoj 
 
 pou map. Shout tl)c miDDle of tbe nett monetb 3 tbinke tuc ujall Depart from 
 
 bence, ©od be our gutoe. 3 tbinke Andre w totll goe bp lano to Alcppo,tobere* 
 
 1 in 3 p?ap pou further him tobat pou map t but if he Ibould not goe , then 3 pjap 
 
 pottDifpatch atoap amelTengcrtottbas much Cpeeoe aspolfible pou map, 3 can fap no moje, but 
 
 Da foj me as pou tooulo3 IboulD Do fo? pou in t be like caul'c,anD Co toitb mp bcrp Ijeartp commen* 
 
 DationS,?c, from out of tljepjifon in Ormuz,this 24 Dap of September, 1583, 
 
 Yours, IobnNtwberic. 
 
 His third Letter to Maifter Leonard Toore, 
 written from Got. 
 
 S> Iatt 3 fent pou bias from Ormuz.toberbp 3 certiSen pou tobat haDbappeneo 
 
 tbere totto me, anD the reft of mp companp, tobicb toas , that fo we oapes af tec 
 
 our arriuall there, toe toere all commtttcD to pufon , ercept one 3 talian tobicb, 
 
 came toitb me from Aleppo , toljom tbe (Captainc neucr eramitieD , onelp Dc< 
 
 maunDeo tobat countrpmrn be toas , but 3 make account Michael Stropene, 
 
 toljo accufeo Ms, haD infojmeD tljje daptaine of bim, 'She firfl Dap toe arriuen 
 
 tbere,this Stropene acctifeo Ds tbat toe toere fptcs fent from Don Antonio,beu"DesDiuerg otljcc 
 
 lies : nottoitljBanDtng if toe baD beene of anp ot!;er countrev then of England, toe might frcel}? 
 
 hatte traoeD toitb them. 3nD although toe be CngltOmtcn, 3 knoto no rcafon to tbe contrarp.fcut 
 
 tbat toe map traDe hither anD thither as toell as other nations, fo ? all nations Doc, anD nup come 
 
 frcelp to Ormuz,as jf rencbmcn,jf lemmings,aimaing$ungariaH3,atalianB,©teckc8,arme« 
 
 nians,jl2a?aranies, burkes anD 9poojcs,3etoes?iSentiles,^crlians,Sl9ofcouites,anD tljere itt 
 
 no nation tbat tbcp feckc fo? to trouble.ercept ours : toherefoje it toere contrarp to all iuttice ano 
 
 reafott tbat tbcp IboulD fuffer all nations to traoe toitb tbcm,ano to fojbtD bs.T3ut ncto 3 baue as 
 
 great libcrtp as anp otfjer natton,ercept it be to go out of tbe cottntrep.tobiclj tlji'ng as pet 3 Delire 
 
 not.'But 3 tljinke t)creafter,ano befo?e it be long.if 3 ujall bcDeBrous to go from bencc,tbat tljep 
 
 toil not Denp me licence,T5efo?e toe migbt be fuffereo to come out of p jifon,3 toas fojceo to put in 
 
 fueitiesfoj 2000 paidaus,notto Depart from Ijencetoitljout licence of tljetoceropjotljertoifccp 
 
 cept tbts.toe baue as mucb libertie as anp other nation,fo^ 3 baue our gooDs againe,* Ijaue taken 
 
 an boufe in tbe cljicfett fireete in tbe totone.calkD tbe Rue drette,tobere toe fell our gooes, 
 
 'SLbere toere ttoo caufestobichmoueotlje captaineof Ormustoimpjifcnbg, jafcertoarosto 
 feno bs bitter. ^Dbe QrH toas,becaufe Michael Stropene baD accufeD Ms of manp matters, tobicb 
 toere molt falfe, 9nD tbe fecono toas foj tbat ^.Drake at Ijis being at Maluco, cauCeo ttoo pte* 
 ces of bis o?Dinante to be fbot at a gallion of tbe kings of Portugal! , as tljep fap. Uut of tbcfe 
 tbings 3 DiD not knoto at Ormus: anD in tbe flip tbat toe toere fent in came tfjr cbiefcfliuu'tce in 
 Ormus.tobotoas calleo Aueadorgcnerall of tbat place, be baD beene there tb?ee peeres, fo tbat 
 noto his time toas crpireDitobich Aueadoris agreat frieuD to tbe captaine of Ormus, toljo, cer* 
 taineoapes after our comming from thence, fent fo?mec' into his chamber, anD tbere begaitne to 
 DcmaunD of me manp things, to the toluch 3 anftoereo : ano amongR the rctt,be faiD.tbat EpaBcc 
 Dtake toas fent out ofEngiandtoithmanpibips, anD came to Maluco , ano there iaDeocloues, 
 nnDfinomg a gallion there of the kings of Portugall , bee caufeo ttoo pieces of bts greateCo?Di< 
 nance to be fljot at the fame t anD fo perceiuing tbat tljts DiD greatlp grieue tbem, 3 afkeo.if tljcp 
 tooulD be rcuengeo of me fo? tbat tobich sp, Drake IjaD Done^ the tobicb he anftoereD,)3o:al* 
 though his meaning toas to the contrarp, • 
 
 Cbia cAufira 
 of our mtns 
 tinpiifonmeiit 
 at Ormus. 
 
M.fohn JsQpberie, Trafriques and Difcouenes. 24.3 
 
 I^efaiDmo?eoacr 3 tbatt^ecaufeiiJljptljecaptaincofOrmusDijDfniDni£fojGoa,u;ng,tojtl)tit 
 tbe Uiccrop tooulo bnocrflano of mee, toljat netocs tljerc toas of Don Antonio, auo toljctljf r be 
 tocre tti Engl3nd,pea o? no,anb tbat it migbt be all fo? tbc bed tijat 3 teas ft nt bitljcr,tbe tobicb 3! 
 trufl in&oa toil Co fall o nc,a!t bottgb cent rar? to bis ttuect ation : fo? bao it not plrafeD (Sod to put 
 into tbe mines of tbe arcljbifhbp ano otber ttoo ipaojcs o? 3lefuits of £>. Pauls colIeDgc to flahb 
 oucfrienDS,ttemtgbt'bMic rotteoinp?ifon. ^bc arebbifljop is a berpgboo man ,tobo Ijatlj ttoo 
 pong; men to big fcruantes , tlje one of tljem toas bo?ne at Hamborough , ano is calico Bernard 
 Borgers : ant) tbe otljcr luas lio?ne at Enchuylen,tobofe name islohn LinfcotjtubociDUs great srije mmjei of 
 pleafure : foj bp tbem tlje arebbifljop toas manp tunes put tn minoc of us. Slno tbe tluo gooo fa= J£ c l '°? b of «« 
 rijers of &.Paul, tobo trauelleo berp mucb fo? bs , tbc one of tljem is calico pao?e M arke , tobo * ■*'"""'• 
 toasbo?nein Bruges inFlanders,anotbe otbet toas borne in Wilfhirein England, ano is calico 
 I Padre Thomas Steuens, D fcbio fo jje 
 
 3lfo3I tbanccDtoBnoeljereapomignian.nibciluasbojnetn Antwerpe.buttbe mottpattof S^SS? 
 fcis bringing op ba'b bcene in London, bis name is Francis dc Rea, ano tnitrj bim it teas mp bap f ro f in G °° «« 
 to be acquainteo in Aleppo, tobo alfobatb Done me great pleafure bere. bSinnrmiDDe 
 
 SlntbepjifonatOrmusiBeremaineomanpoapes.alfoiuelapalongtimeatfca couimiiigbi* h," 8 f °'"rt 
 t|er,ano fo?tbtoitb at our arntcall bere toere caricb to p?ifon, ano t!je nert Dap after toere fent fo? toSallm* 
 befo?e tbe atteaoo?, tobo is tbe cbiefeft iuflice, to be eramtneo : ano toben toe tocre eraminco , be ° xfo,d - 
 pjefentlp fent bs backe againe to ptifoiu 
 
 3ttt> after our being bere in p?ifon i 3 bates, lames Stone toent into tbe monaflerp of S.Paul, uma^ 
 tobereberemainetb,anoismaoconcoftbecompanp,tobicbIifebeli&etbberptoeH, ijnirJauiBr. 
 
 anubponQ),ThomasDap(tobicbtoas 22 oapes after our arriuail bcre)3] came out of pjifon, *&v«ttin* 
 anotbenettoap after cameout Ralph Fitch, ano William Bets. « °° a ^tzo 
 
 3If tfjefe troubles bao not cbanceo, 31 bao beene in poltibtu'tp to baue maoe as gooba bopage as " if I ', 
 cuer anp man maoe toitb fo mucb monep. spanp of our tbings 3! baue foloe berp toell , borb bere 
 ano at Ormus in p?tfen, nottoitbilanoing tbe capcaine toilleb me(if 31 tooulb)to fell tofjat 31 coulo 
 before toe imbaikeo : 9 fo toitb officers 31 toent Bitters times out of tbe cattle in tbe morning, ano 
 foloe tbingSjano at nigbt retutneb againe to tljepjifonjano all tbings tbat 31 folbe tbep Die to?ite, 
 ano at our mibarking front tbener, tlje captain gaue o?ac r ttjat 31 fljoulo oeliucr all mp monp toitb 
 tty gooos into tbe Ijanos of tbe fcriuano,oj purfer of tbe ujtp.tobicb 31 bto,ano tbe feciuano maoe a 
 rememb?ance,tobtcb be left tberc toitb tbe captaine,tbat mp felfe ano tbe rett toitb raonep f gooos 
 Ije iTjoKlD beliuer into tbe banbs of tbe 9ueabo; gcnerall of India : but at our arrittall bere, tbe 2-- 
 ucaoo? toottlo neitber meoole toitb gooos no; monep,fo; tljat be coulo not pjoite anp tbing againffi 
 bs:toberefo?e tbc gooos rcmaineo in tbe Qjip 9 o> 1 o oaies after our arriuall,anb tben,fo? tbat tbe 
 (hip toas to faile from tbence, tbe fcriuano fent tlje gooos on (bo^c , ano bere tbcp remaineo a oap 
 ano a nigbt, ano no hoop to receittc tljem. 3)n tbe eno tbep fuffereo tbts b?inger to receiue tbem, 
 tobo came toitb me fromOrmus,ano put tbem into an boufe tobicb be bao IjireD fo? me,tobere tbep 
 remitneo Eoure 0? fiue bates;* 15ut aftectoaro toljen tbep ujoulo oeliuer tlje monep , it toas eon« 
 riuoro bp tlje iuttice, tbat botb tbe monep ano gooos thoulo be oeliuereo into tbc pofito?s banos, 
 tobere tbcp remaineo fouttecneoapesafcermp commingoutofpjilbiu 9tmp being in Aleppo, 
 3 bougbt afountaineof Bluer ano gflt, fire feniucs, fire fpoones, ano one fojfce trimmeo toitlj 
 cojallfo?fiue ano ttoentiecljeWnSjtoljicb tbe captaineof Ormus did tafee,anopapcbfe?tbefamc 
 ' ttoentie paroaos, toljtcb it one ljunb?eb larmes , ano toas toojtb tbere 0} bcrc one buno?eo t\)e-- 
 Hat, 9Hfobtbab fiue emraubs fctingoloe,tobicbtoeretofio?tbfi«ebimojeD 0? firebunojeo 
 crotoncs, ano papeo fo? tlje fame an ljMno?eo patoaos, 9lfo bebao nineteene ano a Ijalfe pikes of 
 tlotb, tobicb coll in London ttoentp ujillings tbe pine, ano toas toojtlj 90)10 crotonegtbe pike, 
 ano be papeo foj tlje fame ttoelue larines a pike, Qlfo bebab ttoo pieces of grcene &erfies,tobic& 
 mere too jtljfoure ano ttoent(ep'arbaostbepiece,anb papofo?tbemfirteene paroaos apiece t bc« 
 fiDes oiucrs otrjcr trifles,t!jat tlje officers ano otbersljao in tbe like jDer.ano foine fo? notbing at 
 all. !E5ut tbe caufe of all tbis toas Michael Stropene, totjicb came to Ormus not tooojtb a penie s 
 anD nato batb tbirtie 0? fojtie tboufano crotones , ano be grieuetlj tljat anp otber ttrangcr ujoulo 
 traoc tbitljcr but rjitnfelfc. T&ut tljat fijall not fkill, fo? 31 truft in (Sod to goe botb tljitljer ano bt s 
 tljer.ano to bup ano fell as freelp as be 0? anp otber, Ipere is berp great gooo to be Done in oiueriS 
 of ourcommooities,ano in like manner tbere is great pjofite to be mabe toitlj commooitics of 
 tbis coumrep, to be carrieo to Aleppo. 
 
 3t toere long fo? me to to?ite,ano teoious fo? pott to reao of all things tbat baue paffeo fincc mp 
 parting from pou« 35ut of all tbe troubles tbat Ijaue cbanceo fince mine artiuall in Ormus, tljis 
 b?inger is able to certifte pou. 31 mino to (lap bere: toberefo?e if pou totll to?ite bnto me.pou map 
 feno pour letters tg fome frieno at Lisbone,^ fro tljence bp tbe fijip? tbcp map be conuepeo bitber, 
 
 let 
 
Din. 
 
 Chaut 
 
 250 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, AdJRalph Fitch. 
 
 JLct tlje Direction of pour letters be either in Portuguife j $paniih,totjerebp tljep map conic tbe 
 better to mp bands. 4fromGoat!jis2oDapcf Januaric, 1584, 
 
 A Letter written from Goa by Mafter %alph Fitch to Matter Leonard 
 Poore aboucfaid. 
 
 ©uing frteito Spatter Poore.f c, €?mce mp Departure front Aleppo, 3 fjaue not 
 tomtteu Unto pon anp letters.bp reafon tljat at Babylon 3i toag ficke of tie flure, 
 ana beingttcise, 3 toent from ttjeitcc fo? Balfara.U'bich teas ttoclue oapes tour* 
 nepootone tlje rtuer Tygris,tobere toe Ijao ertreame [jDttoeatbcr.toijicijtoas 
 . gooo fo; mpoifeafe,ill fare,ario toojfe longing, bp reafon our boat toas peCercd 
 S tottljpeople, aneigbtOaies.tljatiBljteljaDiDeateuiasberpfmaU/ot^atiftoe 
 Ijao tfapeD ttoo oapeslonger bpon tlje toater, 3 tbinfte 31 b'aOBicD ; but commfng to Balfara, pje» 
 fentlp 3 mcnoeD.S tbanlte ©00. 'SLberetoe trapeD 1 4 capes , anD tbm toe imbarfeeo xiur fellies 
 foj Ormuz., toljeretocarriueD tbe fiftfjof September, anD toere putmpjifonthenintljof tbe 
 lame monttb, toljere toe contintteo bnttll the ii of October ^anD then toere fi)iptfo?tljiscitie of 
 Goaintbecaptaincsn)tp,toiujan 1 i4bojfcB,ant> about 200 men: ano patting bpDiu a 1 Chad, 
 toitere toe toent on lano to toater tlje 20 of jftouember, toe arriueo at Goa tbe 29 of tbe faiB lira* 
 m cb,tol;ere foi our better intertainment toe toere pjefcntlp put into a faite Utong pjjfottjtobere 
 toe continues tintill tlje 2 2 of December, 3t toas tbe toill of ©od tljat toe fOtmD tljcrc 2 Padres, 
 tlje one an Cngltftjman, tlje otber a f lemming, 3Lbe CngliQmtansname is Padre Thomas Ste- 
 uen>, the others Padre Marco, of tbe jner of ^. Paul, 'Cbefe oio fue fo? bs bnto tlje 21icerop 
 ano other officers, ano Bood bs in as much ffrao, as our lines ano gooos toere tooojtlj : fo j if tbep 
 hao no t {Jucke to bs , if toe baD efcapeo toitb tir Hues, pet toe Ijarj ban long impzifonment, 
 
 9fter i4bapesimpHfonmcnt tbep offered bs, if toe coulo putinfuerttcs fo? 2coooucRatP, 
 toe iboulo goe abjoao in tbe totone : tobiclj toljert toecould not Dee, tbe faiD Padres founD fuerttest 
 fo? bs,tbat toe IboulD not Depart tbe countrep tottljout tbe licence ef tbe aiccrop,3it Dotlj fpite the 
 S? Jr 1 « «!S Italians to fee us abjoao? ajfii manp maruell at our Deliuerp* %\>e painter is in tlje doittcr of £§>» 
 " Paul,ano isof tljeir ojoer, andltlietb tbereberp toeU,2Bb'l£ toe tocretn p^ifon, botb atOrmuz 
 miD Ijere, tljere toas a great Deale of our gooDspilfereo ano loft, miD toe baue beenc at great c!jar< 
 ges in gifts anD otljertoife, fo tbat a great Deale of our goods is confumcD* ^Ijerc fe much of our 
 things ttJliicb mil fell toerp ttiell,^ fomc tot Ojali get nothing fo?*3i ^opc in <SoD t rjat at tlje re ttime 
 oftlje21icerop,tobi£bi8 gone toe haul and to Diu,tljepfap,totoinneacaOleof tljeMoorcs,, 
 tobofereturne 10 thought toill be about €atter, then toenail get ottrliberte, ano our ftterties 
 Bifcijarged.^Cben 3 t^inkc it toil be out bed toap.ettbcr one 0? bot(j to tettirne.becaufeourtrou* 
 bles baue bene lb great, f fo mucb of out goods fpopleo and loft.But if it pleafe (Sod tljat 3 come 
 into England, bp©ot)Sbflpe 5 3 totllreturnelj!tljeragaine,3t is a bjaue and pleafant countrep, 
 ano berp fruitful!, Clje fummer is almoft all tlje pcere long, but the cbtefctt at Cbjiffmas, 
 
 Cbe Dap ano tlje ntgbt are all of one Iengtb,bcrp litlc Difference , anD matueilous great Bo?e 
 of fruits, f o) all our great troubles.pet are toe fat anD toellliking, fo j bictnals are Ijere plentic 
 ano good Cljeape. 9nobere3toillpaffe otter to certific pou of flrangetljings,bnttU our meeting, 
 fo? it tooulo be toolong to tojire tbercof.ano tbus 3 commit pou to (Sod,tobo euer pjeferuepou ^ 
 and bs all, JrromGoaintbeCatt3ndiegtbe250f3anuarie 1584. 
 
 Yours to command, Ralph Fitcb. 
 
 The voyage of M.^alph Fitch marchant of London by the way of 
 Tripoli* in Syria , to Ormus, and fo to Goa in the Eaft I»d/a,tO Cambait, and all 
 the kingdome of Zelaidim EchebarrOnz great Mogor, to the mighty riuer Ganges ,and 
 downe to "Bengala , to Hacola , and Cbonderi i to 'Pegu, to Iamahay in the kingdome of 
 Siam , and backe to Vega, and from thence to Malacca, Zeilan^ocbin^nd all thecoaft 
 of the Ealt/»<&i.-begunneincheyecreofcur Lord I 5 8 j,andended 1 59 1, wherein 
 the Hrange rites, maners,aud cuftomes of thofe peoplc,and the exceeding rich trade and 
 commodities of thofe countries arc faithfully fct downe and diligently defcribcd,by the 
 aforcfaid M. Ralph Fitch. 
 
 trje peerc of our Lojb 1 5 8 5 , 3 Ralph Fitch of London marcbant being defr 
 roustofretbecountrepsof tlje &aft India.intbecompanpof 9^. IohnNcwberie 
 marcbant(tobicbljadbeeneat Ormusonce befoje) of William Leedes 3etoeller, 
 and lames Story painter, being; cf)ien> fet foo^tfj bp the right topjlbipfull Sit Ed- 
 ward 
 
 out great cntf 
 mits foi trjs 
 traoc in (tj« 
 €aft. 
 
M.%alpb Fitch. TrarTiques andDifcoueries. 251 
 
 ward Osborne knight, ann fig, Richard Super citt^cnsanD merchants of London, DiOUjiprap 
 felfe in a (hip of London calleD tlje Tyger.terjf rein toe Uirnt fa? Tripolis in Syria : fjf from thence 
 toe cooke tljc toap fo? Aleppo, toljiclj toe tocnt in feuen napes toitlj tfjcCarouan. •Being in Alep- 
 po, aim mining goon company, toe tocnt fronuhence to Birra, toljiclj is ttoo napes ami an Ijalte 
 tratiaile toitlj Camels. 
 
 Birra ta a little totone.btit Derp plentifull of victuals : ann ner re to t he toall of tljc totonc run-- B;r,a - 
 netbtljc riticr of Euphrates. Ipcre toe bought a boate ann agreeD toitb a matter ann bargemen, 
 fo? to go to Babylon.&ljcfe boats be but fo? one Doiagc;fti? the ftvcamcBotb rtinne fo fail eotouc» 
 toarttcs that tbcp cannot retttrne, Sltcp carie pott to a totone toijicb tbcp call Felugia, ann tl;cre 
 pan fell tbe boate fo? a litle moncp,fo? that tobirbcoft pou ftftte at Birra pou fell tfjerc fo? frueu 
 o? right.- JTrom Birra to Felugia is fircccne napes iourntp , it is not goon that one boate goe a« 
 lone , fo? if it fijotilo cljance to b?cake , pou fljoulo battc much a toe to faue pour gcoos from tlje 
 Arabians ,tohicljbe altoapestljereabottts robbing; ann in the night tohen pour boates be mane 
 fall , it is necettarie tljat pou kcepe goon toatclj, j7o? the Arabians tljat bee tljecucs , toil! come 
 ftoimmtng ann fieale pout goons ann flee atoap , againtt toljiclj a gunue is bcrp goon , fo? thep 
 oocfcareit»erpmucb, 3n tlje riuer of Euphrates from Birra to Felugia there be certainc pla- 
 ces tobe're pou pap cuttome , fo manp spenmes fo? a feme 0? Camels Lining , ana certaine rap* 
 fo ns ann Tope, tobiclj is fo? tlje fonnes of Aborife, toljiclj is Lo?nof the Arabians ann all tbat 
 great Defect, ann hath fome billsgcsispon tbe riuer.Felugia toljerepou lanlane pourgoons toijicb Fcfogia. 
 come from Birra is a little billage : from toljencc pou goe to Babylon in a nap, 
 
 Babylon isatotonenotberpgrcatbutucrp populous, ann of great traffike of ffrangers,fo? B *yi<* 
 tbattt is the toap to Perfia, Turkia anD Arabia: ann from thence Doe goe Carouansro? tbefe 
 ann other places, ipetc are great tto?e of bictuals ,tobiclj come from Armenia botone the riuer 
 of Tygris. %\)ty are b?ougljt bpon raftes mane of goates ffeinnes blotone full of toinne anu 
 nojneslapoebpontbem: ann tljereupontljeplaoetljcir goons toijicb are b?ougbt botone to Ba- 
 bylon, tohicb being oifcbargentljep open tljeir fkinnes, ann carrptfjem backe bp Camels , to 
 ferue another time, Babylon in times paflnin belong to tlje kingoomc of Perfia, but notoe is 
 fubiect to tlje Turke . SDuer againtt Babylon there is a berp faire billage from toljencc pou pafle 
 to Babylon bpon along b?toge mane of boats, ann tpeo to a great cljatne of p?on , tobiclj is mane 
 fatt on eitljer fine of the riuer. SMjeti anp boates are to paffe bp o? botone tlje riuer, tbep take a= 
 map certaine of tlje boates bntill tbcp be patt. 
 
 Clje Cotocr of Babel is built cnttjis fine tlje riuer Tygris , totoarncs Arabia from tljetotone f^lT'* 
 ahotttfcuenojcigljtmileSjtoljicbtotoerisruinateDonallfiDes^nntoitbtljefaHtljerofljatljmane • 
 as it toere a litle mountain?, fo tljat it hatlj no fljape at all j it toasmaneof bjickes D?ieo in the 
 fonne, ann certaine canes anoleauesof the palme tree lapeo bcttoirttljcb?ickes. Cfjereisno 
 entrance to be fecne to goe into it. 3it 00th Qann bpon a great plaine bettoirt tlje riuers of Eu- 
 phrates ann Tygris. 
 
 Up the riuer Euphrates ttoo bapes iournep from Babylon at a place calico Ait, in a fieloc SinaMp ,cS 
 neereuntoit.isattrangetbtngtofeet amoutrjthatDotbcontinuaIlpth?otoe foo?tlj againtttbe iflmngontof 
 ap?e bopling pt'tclj toitlj a filtljp fmoke : tobiclj pitch Dotb runne ab?oan into a great fielne toljiclj t&e ,mi ' 
 is altoapes full thereof, ©be Moores fap tljat it is tbe mouth of bell. T5p reafon of tlje great 
 twanttttc of it , tlje men of tljat countrep noe pitcrj tljeir boates ttoo 0? tb?cc incljcs tljicke on tbe 
 out fine, fo that no toater noth enter into tljem, ©heir boates be callen Danec, 22Jben tljere is 
 great flo?e of toatcr in Tygris pou map goe from Babylon toBafora in 8 o? pDapes: if tljere be 
 fmaIltto?e it toiUcoilpouthemo?e napes, 
 
 Bafora in times pall toas miner tlje Arabians, butnoto is fubiect to tbe Turke. I5ttc fomeof 
 trjem tbe Turke cannot fuboue, fo? tbat thepljoloe certaine 3Hannes in tlje riuer Euphrates 
 toljiclj tbe Turke cannot toinne of tbem. 'S.fjep be thecues all ann Ijaue no fetlen ntoclling, but 
 rentotte from place to place toitlj tbeir Camels, goates , ann Ijoifes, totues ann cljiln?enann alf» 
 Cljcp Ijaue large bleto gotoncs, tbeir toiucs eares anD nofes are ringeo berpfull of rings of cop= 
 per ann filtter, ann tljep toeare rings of copper about tljeir legs, 
 
 Bafora ttanaetbneere tlje gulfe of Perfia, ann is a totonc of great trace of fptcesannnntgges 
 tobicb come from Ormus-. 9lfo tljete is great fioje of tobeate, rpce, ann nates grotoing tljcrc^ 
 about ,toberetoithtljcp ferue Babylon ann all tlje countrep , Ormus , ann all tbe partes of In- 
 dia. 3 tocnt from Bafora to Ormus ootone tlje gttlfeof Perfia in a certaine fljtppe mane 
 of booi6es,ann fctoentogetljer toitlj cap?o,tohtcbis tlj?eeoe mane of tlje ljufke of Cocoes, 
 ann certaine canes o? flratoe leattcs fotoeo bpon tlje feames of tlje bojnes toljiclj is tbe caufe 
 that thcpleake berp muclj. 3nn fofjauing Perfia altoapes on tlje left banne, ann tbe coatt of 
 Arabia on the right hanDe toe pafleo manp ^lannes , anu among others tlje famous 3llanne 
 
 Bahariits 
 
Ormm, 
 
 Dm, 
 
 25Z The tinglifli Voyages,Namgations/A/.^*^ fritcb. 
 
 Biharnn from tolimcc come tbe beft pearks uutiict) be rouiiD ano ©item. 
 
 Ormus is an 3! too iri circuit about fiue ano tuientie 0? tbirtie miles , ano is tlje D?ieft JlTano 
 in tljc too?lo : foj tbcce is notbtng grototng in it but onelp fait ; fo? tljeir toater, toooo , 0? ttctu« 
 ate, ana all things neceffarp come out of Pcrfia.toljtcb is about ttoelue miles from tbcncr.9ll tbe 
 3Hanrjs thereabout be seep fruitful! , from licence all kinoe of mentals are fcnttinto Ormus, 
 %i)t Portugales tjauf a cadi? Oere toljiclj Itanoetb necre onto die fea , toljerein tljrrcis a dap-- 
 tainefo^tbckuio; of Portugalcbauingburjerljimaconucnient number of fouloters,UjI)eroffome 
 part rcmainc in ttjc cattle, ano fome tn tbe totone. 3!n tljts totone are marcbants of all Rations, 
 ano manp Moores ano Gentiles. Spcre isucrp great trace of all fo?tcs of fpices, b?ugs , (ilke, 
 clotfj of dike, fine tapeCrie of Perfia, great 8o?e of pearles toljicb come from tbe Me of Baharim, 
 anoarctbebeGpcarlesofall others, anomanpbo?fcs of Perfia, tobicb feme alllndia , Cljep 
 rjatte a Moore to ttjett king toljicb is ebofen ano gouerncD bp tlje Portugales, Cljett toemcR are 
 bcrp firangelp attp?co , tocaring on tbeir nofes,eares,neckes, armes ano iegges manp tings let 
 toirlj t'ctoels, anti lorfees of Bluer ano gcloe in tljeir cares ,ano a long barce of goloe upon tbe Gee 
 tJcclj£tcncf«B* djetr cares toitbtbetoeight of Hjetr ietoelsbetoo?nefo toioe,thatamanmap 
 tf)?ufi cJnceof bis fingers into tljem. ilpere Uci-p lbo?tIp after our arcmall toee toere put in pit* 
 {on, ano ijao part of our gooos taken from tosbp tbe Captaine of tbe cattle , toljofenamc toas 
 Don Mathias de Albuquerque ; ano from bence t\)t elcuentb of ©ctobcr be fljippco tos ano fent 
 bSfo?Goatouo tbellicerop, tobttlj at that time toas Don FrancifcodeMaicarenhas, die 
 fljtppe tuljercin toeiBcreimbarkeDfojGoabclongeDtotbetEaptaincanDrarrierjonebunojeii 
 ttBcmieftnofourcbajrestntt, 9llmarcbanoife carritoto Goa in afljippe toljerein are bo?fes 
 pap no cuUemeinGoa* %\n bo?fespapcuttome,tl)e gooos pap nothing; but if pou come in a 
 fljtp tubicb wingetlj no bo?fcs, pou are tljen to pap eight in ttjerjunb^eb fo? pour gooDs. 'SCbe firtt 
 citte of India that toe arriueo at upon the fift of.t2ouembcr, after toe bob paffeo tbe coafl of Zin- 
 di, is calico Diu , tobicb ffanonb in an Jlanoin the kingbome of Cambaia , ano is tbe ftrongelt 
 totone tbJt tlje Portugales batie in tbofe partes. 3It is but litle , but toell fiojeD toicbmarcljan« 
 Difc; fo? here tbep laoe manp great fljippes toitboiuerfe commooities fo? tbe ttreits of Mecca, 
 fo? Ormus, ano other places , ano tbeie be fljippes of tbe Moorcs ano of £b?iffians. Sut tbe 
 Moores cannot palfccrcepttbcpbauc a paCTcpo^t from tl;e Portugales, Cambaietta is tbe chief* 
 citte of cljat p?oui;;ce, tobicb is great ano bcrppopulous, ano faicelp buiioeo fo? a totone of tbe 
 Gentiles : butiftberebappen anp famine,tbcpcoplctoilltelltbctrtbilo?enfo?bcrp little, 'QLtyt 
 iaff kingof Cambaia toas Sultan Badu , tobicb toas killco at tbe ficge of Diu, ano Qjo?tIp aftec 
 Ijts citte toas taken bp tbe great Mogor , tobicb is tljc king of Agra ano of Delli, tobicb are fo?« 
 tie napes iournrp from tbe countrp of Cambaia , Cpere tbe toomen toeare bpon tljeir armes in* 
 finite numbers of rngs maoe of €lepsants teetb , tofjereintbep take fo mucb celigbt, iljat tbep 
 baoratljcr be toitljout tbeir mcate tljen toitljout tbeir bracelets, <Soing from Diu toe come to 
 Daman tlje fecono totone of tbe Porcugales in tlje countrep of Cambaia tobicb is Dtflant from 
 Diu fojtie leagues. Caret's no traoe but of come ano rice, ^bep baue manp billsges bnoet 
 tbem tobicb cbcpquietlppotrttre in time of peace , but in time of toarre tbe enemic ismaitterof 
 tbem. jf rom tljence toe patfeD bp Bafaim , ano from Bafaim to Tana , at botb toljicb places te 
 fmall trace but onlp of come ano rice. 'Slje tentb of jQottembcr toe arriueo at Chaul tobicb Qan» 
 oetljintbe Btmelano. "E-bcrebettoo totones,tlje one belonging to tbe Portugalcs.anotbeotber 
 to tbeMoores, Cljat of tbe Portugales isnecrctftotberea,anDcommaunBetIjtbcbap,anDte 
 to'llen rouno about. 9 little abouetbat is tlje totone of tlje Moores tobicb is gouerneo bp a 
 Sl^ooje king calico Xa-Maluco. ^)cre is great traff :ke fo? all fo jtes of fpices ano omgges, filke, 
 ano clotb of ftifee, fanoalcs, Clcpljantsteetb, ano mucbChinatoojke, ano mucb fugar toljicb is 
 maoeoftbc nuttc calico Gagara: tlje tree is calleo tlje palmer: tobicljistbepjofitablefltreein 
 tbe toojloe : it ootlj altoapes beare fruit, ans ootljpeeio toincople, fugar,oineger,co?oes, coles, 
 of tlje Icaues are mace tbatrtjfoj tlje boufes,faplesfo? fljippes, mats to fit 0? lie on: of tbeb?an« 
 cb^s tbep make tljeir boufes, ano bjoomes to ftueepe, ef tbe tree toooo fo? fljippes. %%t 
 toine do c tb ifltte out of tbe toppe of tbe tree . Z\]cy cut a b?ancb cf a botoe ano binoe ii Ijaro, 
 anobange an eartben potbpon it, toljicb tbepemptieetterp mojning ano euerp euening, ano 
 Bill it ano put in cert5ineD?tcorapfins,anBitbccommetlj oerpflrong toine in fljo?t time. Ipi-- 
 tber manp fljippes come from all partes of India, Ormus , ano manp from Mecca : ijecre be 
 manie Moores ano Gentiles. E-bep Ijaue a berp Ccangc ojoer among tbcm , tbep too?Cjippe a 
 cotoe, ano cltcemc mucb of tbe cotoes ooung to paint tlje toallcs of tbeir boufes, Cbcp toill kin 
 notbing not fo muclj as a loufe : fo? t br p boloe it a finne to kill anp tbing . %\)zy eate no flefb, 
 but liticbp rootes,anorpce,auDmi!fte. 3nD tobentbe bufbanoeoictb bistotfeis burneotoitrj 
 ^im, if fljee be aliue : if fb« toill not, bei: |)«ao is fljauen , ano tbra is ntuer anp accouat ruaoe 
 
 of 
 
 Daman, 
 
 Bifaim. 
 
 Tan». 
 
 Chaul. 
 
M.T&lph Fitch. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 253 
 
 of be l aftcr.^bep fap if tbep Qjoulp Oe uurieo,tc lucre a great finne,foj of tl;eir bootes tbere ttoulo 
 come man? ttojmes anD otber oermine, ano mben tljetr bootes ttere confumeo, tbofc toowies 
 tooulo lacke faff enance.tobtcb toere a Gnne,tbercfo?e tbep totll beburneo.jn Cambaia tbep totll 
 kill notljing,noj Ijaue anp tljing killeo ; in the tottne tljtp baue botpitals to keepc lame Dogs ano 
 cats.ano to? biros, Cbep mill giue meat to trje ants. 
 
 Goa is tbe moff principal citie ttbicb tbePomigals Ijaue in India,tobcrin tbc Cltcerop remain cm, 
 netbtoitlj bis court, 3tQani)etbinan31lami,tobtebmapbe2 5,o?3o,niilesabottt . atisafine 
 citie.ano fo) an Indian tottne oerp faire, ^Ije 3llano is oerpfaire, fullof o jcbacos ano garoens, 
 ano manp palmer trecs,ano Ijatlj fome tillages, ipete bee manp marcbants of all nations, &nn 
 tbejf leete ttljicb commetlj euerp peere from Portugal,ttbicIj be foure,fiue,o]i fire great ujippes, 
 commetb BrC bicljer.ano tljep come foj tlje mofi part in September, ano remaine tljere fojtie o? 
 fiftie oapes •, ano tbcn goe to Cochin, ttljere tbep lane tbeir pepper fo? Portugall . Oftentimes 
 tbep laoc one in Goa, tlje reft goe to Cochin ttbicb is from Goa an Ijunojco leagues foutbtor.ro. 
 Goa ftanoetlj in tbe countrep of Hidalcan,tobo lietljin tbe cotmtrep Gre oj feuen oapes tournep. fJ" B f ^ ,J|t 
 ©is cbiefe citt'e is calleo Bifapor. at our comming toe mere call into tbe pjtfonjano eraminco be< iumt>«r. 
 fo?e tlje Suffice ano ocmanoeo fo? letters,ano toere cbargeo to be fpies,but tbep coulopjooue no- 
 tbing bp tos.ffiHe continues in pjifon tmtill tlje ttoo ano tttentte of December, ano tbcn tte ttere 
 fee at libertie.putting in fureties fo? ttto tboufano ouckats notto Depart tbe tottne ; ttljicbfu« £ 
 ties fatber Steuens an Cngltu) Sefuite ttbicb toe founo tbere, $ anotber religious ma afrieno of 
 bis pjocureo to? us. JJDur fureties name ttas Andreas Taborer,to tobomtte paio 2 1 5o.ouckats, 
 ano Hill be otmaunoeo moje : thereupon toe maoe fute to tbe dicerop ano Suffice to bauc ouc 
 monep againe.conGoering tba t tbep bao bao it fa tbe it banos neere Rue monetbs ano coulo pjooue 
 hotbtng sgainft as, Cbe aicerop maoe US a Mrp (barpe anftocre.ano fapo wee fbculo be bettec 
 fiftto befoje it lucre Iong.ano tbat tbep bao furtber matter againff us. SSlbereupen ttcp jefenelp 
 Determineoratbertafeekcourltbeities, tljentobceinoangerfojeuerto be flaues in tbe couu* 
 trp,fo j it toas tolo os W fljoulo baue p ffrapaoo.aiiberupon pjefentlp.tbe fift Dap of apjil 1585. 
 in tljemojning toe rannefrom tljence. 9no being fet otter tbe riuer, toe toent ttoo oapeg on foote 
 not toitljout feare,not knotting tbe ttap no? bating an p guioe/o ? ttc ourff trttfl none . flDne of 
 tbe firff totones ttbicb toe came unions calleo Bellergan, ttbere tbere is a great market kept of *?jjj«| 
 
 :»a 
 
 Diamants,lRubies>&apbires, ano manp otber foft clones, tfrom Bellergan toettent to Bifa- Ei& pot : 
 por ttbicb is a ocrp great tottne ttbere tlje King ooetlj keepe bis court , Spee Ijatb manp Gen- 
 tiles in bis court ano t!;cp bee great ioolaters, ano tbej? baue tbeir iools ff anoing in tbe ffiHooos, 
 ttbtcbtljepcallPagodes ♦ g>ome bee UkcaCotte, fomeltkeaSponfete, fome like Muffles, 
 (ook like peacockes, ano fome like tlje oeutll, ©erebeoerpmanpelepbants ttljicbtbep gee to 
 toarre tttttjail ♦ ^ere tljcp baue gooo ffo je of golo ano Cluer ; tbeir boufes are of Cone oerp faire 
 anobigb. jTrombencettcettcntfojGulconda, tbe king tobercof is calleo Cutupdelaihach. cuiwoa*; 
 ©ereanoinnje ktngoomeofHidakan, anoin tbc countrep of tbe king of DccanbeetbeDia s 
 wants founo of tbe oloe ttater . 31t is a oerp fairetottne, pleafant, toitlj faire boufes of bjtcke 
 ano timber, it abounoetbttitb great ffo?e of fruites ano freflj ttater. Upcre tlje men ano tlje tto* 
 men 00 go ttttlj a ciotlj bbuno abo ut tbeir miooles ttitbout anp mo j e appa r ell. lUlc founo it Ijcre 
 »erp bote. 
 
 'Sbettinterbegmnetbbere about tlje Iaff of spap. 3Jntljefe par teg is a po?cc j Ijatten calleo Mafuiipatm. 
 Mafulipatan, ttljtcljSaiiocthfigbt oapes iotirnep from bencetottaro tlje gulfc of Bengala.ttlje' 
 tber come manp ujippes out of India.Pegu.ano Sumatra, oerp ricljlp laoen tottb pepper, fptccs, 
 ano otber commooities.'&be countrieis oerp gooo ano fruitful!, jf romtbetice31 ttentto Semi- stmiAm. 
 <lore ttbicb is a fine countrep, ano tbe king is calleo, tbe kingof^jeao, tlbe boufes bere bee all 
 tljatcbeo ano maoe of lome . ^)erebemanp Moores ano Gendes.but tbere is fmall religion a* 
 mongtbem.jfrom tljence 31 ttentto Bellaporc,anOfoto Barrampore.ttbicbisiutljecountrpof BeiiapoK. 
 Zelabdim Echebar. 31n tljis place tlje it monep is maoe of a kino of Bluer rouno ano tljicke,to tbe 
 aalue of tttentie pence,ttljtclj is oerp gooo Gluer . 3t is matueilous great ano a populous coun* 
 trep.3Dn tbeir tointer ttbicb is in June, Julp, ano 9uguff, tbere is no paffing in tlje ffreetes but 
 ttttbbo jfes.tbe ttaters be fo btglj,^ Ije Ijoufes arc maoe of lome ano tbatcbco.J|?cre is great ffo?e 
 of cotton clatlj maoe.ano paint co clotljcs of cotton ttooll : fjcre grottetb great Qo?c of come ano 
 Stcc. W.z founo manages great fto?ebotbtntottnes ano tillages in manp peaces ttljere ttce 
 patfeo, of bopes of eigbtoj tenpeeres,anogirlesof Sue o? fir pceresolo/itbep botboo rioeopon &trange m * 
 onebo^feOerptrtmlpoecKeo, ano arc carteo t!j?ougb tlje tottne ttitlj great piping ano plaping, ruses, 
 ano fo re tunic borne ano eate of a banket maoe offtice ano fruits, ano tbere tljcp oaunce tbe moll 
 part of tbe ntglje ano fomake an tnoeof tbe marriage • ^Ijeplte not togetljer until! tbep be 
 tttii'cercsolo, ^(jepfaptbejjmatrp tbeir (^ilojenfopoong, bceaufeic is an ojom (bat toben 
 
 Y & 
 
 I 
 
251 The Englifh VoyageSjNauigations, /W« 2^/jp/> /w c/>. 
 
 tlje man Dieth,tbetoomanmu8 be burneb toitb btm: CbcljatiftbefatberDie, yettbeputay baue 
 
 a fatten in I .ttoe to tjclpc to bitng Dp tlje ctjilojcn toljiclj bee mar ir D : ano alfo tfjat tljey lstlt hoc 
 
 Icaue t lj i ir tonnes Jut ebon t toi tics , no; tbeir Dattgljtcrs toit bout ljuf bancs, f rout t bence tucliicnt 
 
 Mai.Jow.yn bo w Mandoway.tobtcbisaDery flrongtotone . 3!t toasbefiegeDttoelue peeress by Zelabdim E- 
 
 tvataustoun chebarbefojcbcecoulbiomneit ♦ atttanDetbuponauerygreathip^rocReastbemottpart of 
 
 VB'mi. of tbe it caGleg Doe, ano toas of a bety great ctrcuite ♦ jf torn bence toee toent to Vgini ano Ser- 
 
 ringe, tobere toee ouertooke tbe ambaffaDour of Zelabdim Echcbar toitb a maruulous great 
 
 company of men, clrprjnncd,atiD camels, Tpcre is great traoe of cotton anD rlotlj mane of cotton, 
 
 ano great fio?e of D?ugs, JFrom tbence toe toent to Agra pafftng many riucrs, liju'cb by reafon 
 
 Agraagrcat oftljerainetocrefofmollen, tbat toee toaceo ano fniammeoftcjuimesfo? out Iiucs. Agrawa 
 
 tmt * bery great citie ano populous, built toitb ttone, Ijauingfaire ano large Qrcctes, toitb a f aire ri* 
 
 tier running by it.toljiclj falletb into tljc gtilfe of Bengala.3lt bail? a fairc cafllc anD aflrong toitb a 
 
 DeryfaireDitcl;, tytxt bee many Moorcs ano Gentiles, tbe king is calleD Zelabdim Echebar: 
 
 OTjegrcae tlje people fo j tfte moQpare callbim The great Mogor , jfrom thence toee toent to? Fatepore, 
 
 Mogor. toljicb is tbe place tobere the king kept bis court, 'Sbetotone is greater tben Agra, but tljebou* 
 
 fes ano ftrectesbe not fofaire, i^creotuell many people botb Moorcs ano Gentiles. 'Sbe Kino; 
 
 batljm Agra ano Fatepore as tbey DoccreDibly report iooo.elepbants, tbirtie tbouianDbu?fes, 
 
 j4oo,tameDcerc^oo,concutoes;fucrjflo);eoi©unce0,^igerB,'Knffles J Cocks f^aukes, 
 
 tljat isucry Crauajc to toe. ipe^ccpetlj a great court, tob:rt) tljey call Derkcan, Agra anD Fate 
 
 pore arettoo Dery great citirs.eubcr of tljeminurljgreatettben London ano berypopHlous,Tc>e« 
 
 crjeiihf is w ttoecne Agra anD Fatepore are 1 2 .miles, ano all tbe toay is a market of bictuals a otljcr tfcings, 
 
 Tivtaot ctoa a5 ^ ul1 aB t& ou i$ a mm teecc & 51 in a totone, anb to many people as if a man lucre in a market, 
 
 ' CbeybauemanyfinecartcSjanD many of tbem cameo anogilDcD toit|jgolD,toitbitoo tobeelejs 
 
 tobiclj beojatocn toitb ttoo litlc 33uls abcut tlje bignelTe of our great cogs in England, ano ttjep 
 
 toill rttitne toitb any bo?fe, ano caric ttoo o? trj?ee men in one of tbeto cartes : tljey arecouerco 
 
 toitlj filhe o?Dcry fineclotb, anD be DftD fjcre asourCocbes be in England . (Jpitber is great re» 
 
 fojtofmarcbants from Perila anb out of India, anDberp mucbmarcljanDifc of ClKeanb clotb, 
 
 ano of precious Cones, botb Rubies, Diamants, ano Beatles . ©be king is apparclleo in a 
 
 toljite Cable inaoe like a tbirt tieo toitb firings on tlje one GDe, anb a litle clotlj on Ijis beat) colou* 
 
 reo oftentimes toitb reoo?yealoto . jSonc come into hisfjouto btttljis eunucljes Ubicb keepe 
 
 bistoomen. ?3creinFatcporetoeflaieDalltb?eebnt!Utbe28,of&cptcmbcr 1 58j,anDtben 
 
 matter Iohn Newberie tooke bis iourney totoarD tlje citie of Lahor, Determining frcm tbence to 
 
 gGefo? Periia ano tljcn to? Aleppo ojConftancinople, tobetberbcecoulo get fooneftpaflage 
 
 totto, anDDirecteD me to goc to ? Bengala ano to? Pegu, ano oto pjomife me,if it pleafeo ©oo.to 
 
 wiUeatafer.^ jneetemctnBengalatoitljinttooyeeres toitb a fljippe out Of England. 31 left William Leades 
 
 camb«fcu* ,nfl of tbe tetocller in feruicetoitlj tbe king Zelabdim Echebar in Fatepore, tobo DiD entertaine Ijim be* 
 
 rytoell.anDgaueljimanljoufcanDfiueflaueSjanbojfe.anDeueryDayftreS.S.inmoncp.aitoent 
 
 from Agra to Satagam in Bengala, in tbe compame of one Ijunojco anD fourefco;e boates Iac^n 
 
 toitb s«)alt,Opium,^ingc,ieaD,Carpets,anD Diuers ottjr r commoDtties Dotone tbe nuer Ieme- 
 
 na.^b^ tW& marcbantsareMoores anD Gentiles. 3;n tbefe countries tljey battemanp Urange 
 
 metavtiRiti- ceremonies. djeBramanestobicljaretbeirpjieflS, ccmetotbctoatcrano baueaGring about 
 
 nits oMiTr ^ c ' r mc ^ maT)e toIt ^ ? reat ctrf mon "S,atiD laoe Dp toater tottlj botlj tbeir Ijanos, anD tnrne tbe 
 
 m.'nJ. M " firing firfi toitb botb ttjeir Ijanos toitbin.ano tben one anne after the otber out, Cbougb it be ne» 
 
 uerfocolD,tbcy toilltoafbtbemfclues in colo toater oj in toarme . lEbeCe G entiles toill eateno 
 
 flefb no? kill any tljtng.'Ebf P Hue toitb rice,butter,milke,anD frtiits. 'STbey p?aj> in tbe toater na* 
 
 fceo,anD DjeCTe ttjeir meat $ eate it naktD,ano to? tljeir penance tbey lie flat bpon tbe eartlj, anD rife 
 
 up ano turne tbemfelucs about 30J)? 4o.times,ano ufe to beaue bp tbeir banDS to tbe funne, s to 
 
 hifle tbe eartb,toitb tljeir amies ano legs uretcbcD along out, ano tljeir rigljt leg aitoay es befo?e 
 
 tbe left,€uery time tljey lie ootone, tbey make a fecje on tbe groimo toitb tljeir finger to fuioto 
 
 toben tljeir Qint is finifbeD.SDIje Bramanes marke tljemtolues in tlje fo?cbcabS,cnres anD tb?oateg 
 
 toitlj a kino of yelloto geate tobicb tljey grinD,f etiery mo?ning tbey do it, 9nD tljey bauefome olo 
 
 men toljiclj go in tbe flrcetes toitlj a bore of yelloto pouocr, ano niarke men on tbeir beaos ?ncck$ 
 
 as tljey meet tbem,9no tbeir tomes do come b^ 1 0.20, 5 3 o.togetljer to tbe toater fiseCnging, « 
 
 tljereoo toafb tbemfdttes,a tljenDfc tljeir ceremonies, a marke tljemfelues in tbeir fb?cbcDsar.o 
 
 faces,ano cary tome toitlj tljem,anD to Depart Cinging.'Cbeir Daugljters bemaneD,at,o?bcfo?e tbe 
 
 age of io,yeres.^tbemenmaybaue7,toiues, tSljeybeakinDof craftie people, too?fe tben tbe 
 
 3ietoes . Sfllljen tbey falute one anot!jer,tbeyijeaue Dp tljeir bancs to tljeir beaes, anD toy Rame, 
 
 Rame. ft ro Agra S came to Prage, toljete tlje riucr Iemena entretb into tbemigfctie riurr Gsn- 
 
 ges, anDlemenaloofetl;btsname.Gangescommctbotttoftbe^ojtbtocfi, ? tunnctbCafiinto 
 
 tbe 
 
M . 'Ralph Fitch . Traffiques and Difeoueries. 2,55 
 
 .t()fplfeotBengala.3lntljofcpartacljcrcaremaap'C.tgersanDmanpyam'iaea(jtm'tle-DOtte0, 
 ano much other foule. iipcre be manp beggers in tbefc countries which goe nakeo, anci the people 
 nuke great account of them: thep. call them Schcfchc. Jpere 31 faWc one which Was a monflfer a' 
 mono; tijc ted. fipe luoulo Ijawc notljms topon tjtm, bis bearowas berp long, ano wttbtlje bairecf 
 bis hcao be cGuereo bis pnuitieg. %\)t nailcs of fome of bis fingers lucre two inches iong, fo? be 
 Waulo cut nothing from btn^neitber Wottlo be fpcake.^c teas accompanies With eigbt o \ tennc, 
 ana tljcp fpaUe fo i him. JKtihen arm man fpake to bim, Ije Woulo lap bis banc bpon Ijts b?cft anu 
 liowe bimfclfe,bttc wottlo not fpeakc. Spee woulo not fpeake to tbeking. Kile went from Pragc 
 ooWne G anges.the lutjtcU is here berp b?oao. Ijpcre ts great ttojtc of fidj of funBjjp fo?ts, l| of totio 
 foulc,as of f manues,gecfe,cranes,anD manp other things, &be countrcp is berp fruitful! anD po» 
 pubus/Che men fo? cbc moC part bane their faces ujauen,ano tljett be aos berp long, ercepc fome 
 which bee all fhinrcn faue the crowne : ano fome of them are as chough a man Ibouio fet a oifl) on 
 their beaos, ano fi)auet|jemrouno,ail but the crowne . 3utbis titter of Ganges are manp 3d* 
 ianas. Ipis water is berp ftoecte ano pleafant, ano thecoimtrcp actopning berp fruitfull. jFrom 
 thence wee went to BarmarasWbicbts a great toWue, ano greattto?e of cloth fs maoe there of *»»»«■ 
 cotton, ano Sbaflics fo? tl)c Moorcs. Jn tin's place thep be all Gentiles, ano be tbegreateQioola- 
 tetstbatcucr JifaUie. So tbistonme cometbcGentilesonptlgrimageotitoffarrecoutureps, a pilgrimage 
 £>ere aloftgif the Wat crs fioe bee berp manp faire boufes, ano in all of them, o? fo? the molf part of t0c Gta,ji ™- 
 tiir p baue their images QanDing,Whicl) be cuill fauoureD,maDe of flone ano wooo,fome like lions, 
 leoparDS.anti monkeis,fome like men $ womcn,anD pecocks, ano fome like the oeml with foure 
 armes ano^banns. Sljepltt crou"eIeggeD,fomewitb one thing in tbeirbanos^ fome another, $ 
 b\> b?eake of Dap anD before, there are men f Women Which come out of the tolone aim toaflj the* 
 felues inGanges.ano there are Diuers olo men Which bpon places of earth mace fo? the purpofe, 
 fit p?aping,anD the? gitte thepcople tb?ce o? foure flrawes,Whicb thep take 9 bolo them bttwectie 
 tljf it fingers when tbep wafb tbemfcittes : ano fome fit to marke tbcm m thefoje beaDg, ano thf p 
 Ijaue in a cloth a litle lR.ice,"S5arIic,oj monep,Wl)ich,Wben thep banc waftjeo tbemfelues, thep giue 
 to the olo men which fit there pjaping.afttrwarcs tbep go to Diners of their tmages,5egtue tbem 
 tif their facrtfices^no when thep giue,thc olo men fap eertaine p?apers,ano tSjen is all bolp. 8no 
 in outers places there ffanoetb a kino of image Which in their language thep call Ada. 9no the? 
 lj aueoiucrs great flontscarueo.tohereontbeppoure Watery th?on) thereupon fome ricCjtoheate, 
 batlp.ano fome other things. SDbis Ada hath foure Ijanos tenth clatoes» 5po?eouer, thep h<i«e a 
 greatpIaccmaDcoflfonclihctoabJfliboithiieppestogoeootone; ailjerein the tuaterllanocth 
 berp faule ano Qinkcth: foitlje great qttantitie of flotoers.bJbicbtontinualip thep tbjotoe into it, 
 Doe make it Binke. ^^cre be alinapcs manp people in it : fo? tbep Tap uiljen tbcp teiaCb tljcmfelues 
 in ic,that their finnes be fojgiuen tljem, beraufe (Sod, as thep fap,oio toaftj bimfelfe m that place. 
 Chep gathcrbpthefenDinthebottonicofitjanDfapitisholp . CgepncucrpjapbutinthcUia'- 
 ter, ano thep Uiafbtbemfclues oner heao, anD laoebp Water toith both their hanors, ano tunic 
 tliEmfelucs about, ano then tbep D?inke a litleofcbe water tijjee times, ano fo goe to their goos 
 Which Pano in t hole houfes.Some of them Will Waft? a place Which is their length, ano then Will 
 p?ap bpon the earth With their armes ano legs at length out, ano Will rife bp ano lie ootone, and 
 ktfle the grounDtWtntieo?thirtic times, but thep will not tlirre their right foote ; ^tiDfomeof 
 thetn Will mahe their ceremonies With fifteene 0? firtecne pots litle ano grcat,anD ring a title bel 
 When thep make theirmirturestemteo? tWclue times: ano thep make a circle of Water rounoa* 
 bout their pots ano p?ap,ano oiuers fit bp them, ano one that reached) them their pots : ano thep 
 fap oiuers things ouer tljeir pots manp times,ano When tbep baueDone,thep goe to their goos,anB 
 firoWe their factifices which thep thinke are berp holp, ano marke manp of them Which fit bp, in 
 the fojcbeaDB.bJbicb thep take as a great gift. "Chere comefifcie ano fometime an htmojeo togc- 
 ther.to waft? them in this well,ano to offer to theftiools, 
 
 Chephaueinfomeoftljcfeboufes their iDoles Caneing, ano one fltteth bp them in toarme 
 WeatljerWitha fannetoblowewinoebponthem . 3no when thep fee anp companp comming, 
 tljep ring a litle bell Which bm'getb bp tbem.ano manp giue them their almes.but efpeciallp tljofe 
 Which come out of the conntrep. SpanpoftbemareblackeanD hatte claWesof bjatfe With long 
 naples, ano fome rioe bpon peacockes ano other foules Which be euillfauourcD.W'.tb long baukes 
 bils, anD fome like one thing anb fome anotbcr.but none With a gooo face « Smong the reft there 
 is one Which thep make great account of : fo? thep fap bee giuetb them all things both foooe 
 anoapparcll, ano one fitteth alw apes bp bint WithafannetomakeWiiiDtoWarDshim. ijpere 
 feme bee bumeD to afljes, fome fco?cbeo in the fire ano th?oWen into tlje Water , ano Dogges 
 ano fores Doe p?efcntlpeatetbem . Che wiucs here ooeburne With their Ijufbanos When tbep 
 oie s iftljcp Will not, their Ijeaog be ftjauen, ano newer anp account is maoe of them afterWato. 
 
 Y a Z& 
 
25<5 The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations 7 M.%alfb Fitch. 
 
 — i 
 
 Pacenau. 
 
 l 
 
 €.lje people goe all nabeo faue a title clotlj bouno about the it mioole, 'Sbeir toomen Ijaue their 
 nectarines anti eares oeckeo totth ring? of fiiuer,copper,tinne,ano toitlj rouno hoopes mane of 
 3luojie,aoo?neo toitb amber ftones.ano toitb manp agats, ano tljep are markco toitb a great fpot 
 ofreointheirfojeheaDS, anoaBrokeofreODptothecrotone, anDfoittunnetljthjee manerof 
 toapes,3Jn tljeir 2aiinter,tohicbis our SfJap, the men toeare quilted gotones of cotton like to our 
 ntattraces ano quilteocaps like to our great tScocers mooters, tottbafiittolookcoutat, ano fo 
 tieo ootone beneath tbeir eares. JfamanojatoomanbeGckcanoiiketoDie, tbcptotlllap htm 
 befoje their uiols all nigbt,ano that fljail Ijtlpe htm o? make antnoe of htm. ano if he do not menu 
 that night,bis frienos toill come ano fit toitb htm a title ano crp, ana aftcrtoaros toill carp bim 
 to ttje toaters fioe ano fet him upon alitle raft mane of reeos, ano fo let him goe ootone the riuer, 
 (KLtbentbcpbcmarieothe man ano the tooman come to the toater fioe, anotbercis anoloe mau 
 tohich thep call a Bramane,tljat is,a pjicB*,a cotoe,ano a calfe,o;t a come toitlj calfe. ^hen tbe man 
 ano tlje tooman,cotoe ano calfe, ano the oloe man goe into the toater together, ano thep giue the 
 oloe man a loljice clotlj of foure pare? long, ano a bafket ctoffe botmo toitb bitters things in it : 
 theclotbbeelaicthtopott tbe backeofthecotoe, anotbenbetaketb the cotoe bp the enoc of the 
 taile.anD faictbeertaine too joes : ano (be hath a copper oj atyaffepot fullof toater, ano the man 
 Doeth hole his bano bp the oloe mans hanD, ano tlje toittcsbano bp her bufbanDS, ano allbaue tbe 
 «t)i«t»iagof cotoe bp the tailc, ano tbeppoure lnatcr out of the pot bpontbecotoestatle, ano it runneth 
 fomawBctV tbjough all their bancs, ano tbep laoetop toater toitb their banoes, ano then the oloe manooeth 
 bv me ciotnco, tie htm ano ber together bp their clothes, (KEtfnch oone,thep goe rouno about the cotoe ano calfe, 
 «c M«fan? in a« D t&en tljep giue fometohat to tlje poo;ie tobicb be atoapes tbere, ano to tbe Btamane o? p?iett 
 oiotime. tljep giue tlje co\ue ano calfe, ano aftertoaro goe to outers of tljeit iooles ano offer monep, ano 
 lie ootone flat upon tlje grottno ano ktffe it Dttters times, ano then goe their toap . €.heir chiefe 
 loolesbeeblackeanoeutllfattoureo, tbeirmoutbesmonftrous, tljeic cares giloeo, ano full of 
 tetoels, tbeir teeth ano cpes of golD, fritter, ano glaffe, fome batting one thing in their banoes, 
 ami fome another . l?ou map not come into tbeljoufestobcretbcptTanD, toitlj pour fijooes on. 
 %\)t]> Ijaue continuallplampes burning before them , from Bahnaras.31 toent to Patenaw 
 ootone the riuer of Ganges : toljere in tbe toap toepaffeo manp faire totones, ano a countrep be-- 
 rpfrttitfullt ano maupoerp great riuersooe enter into Ganges, ano fome of them as great as 
 Ganges, tohich cattfe Ganges tobeeofagreatbjeaoth, anofobjoaDthatintbe time of raine 
 pou cannot fee from one Goe to tlje other, %l)rfe Indians toben tbep bee feojeheo ano tbjotoen 
 into tlje toater, tbemcnftoimmetoitb their facesootonetoaros, the toomen toitlj their faces bp« 
 toaros, 31 thought tljep tieo fometbtng to them to cattfe tbem to doc fo : but tbep fap no. Cbere 
 be berp manp thiettes in this countrep, tohich be like to tbe Arabians : fo? tljep batie no certaine 
 abooe.but ate fometime in one place ano fometime in another , l[)ere the toomen bee fo oeckeo 
 toitlj Bluer ano copper,tljat it is ttrange to fee, tljep bfe no ujooes bp reafon of tbe rings of ftljier 
 ano copper nibiclj tbep toeare on tbeir toes . ijpere at Patanaw tljep finoe golb in this maner. 
 djepDiggcoeepepitsintheeartb, ano toalbtbe earth in great bolles.ano therein tbep finoe tbe 
 golo, ano thep make the pits rouno about toitlj b?icke, that the earth fall not in . Parenawtsa 
 uerp long ano a great totone ♦ 31utimespaflittoasakingoom, butnoto it isbnoer Zelabdim, 
 Echebar the great Mogor.Efce men are tall ano flcnocr, ano baue manp olo folks among them t 
 the Ijottfes are fimple,maoc of eartlj ano couereo toitb fi ratoe,the flreetes are berp large. 3in this 
 totone tljcre is a traoe of cotton,f clotlj of cotton,mttcb fugar,toljiclj tljep carpfrom bence to Ben- 
 gala ano lndia,\jerp much Opium $ other coramoDities. l?e that ischiefe here bnoer the king is 
 calico Tipperdas.ano is of great account among the pcople.Cperc in Patenau 31 fato a Dttfembltng 
 p?opbet tobtch fatebponanbOffeintbcmarketptace, ano maoe as though heficpt, anomanpof 
 tlje people came ano touches Ijisfeete toitlj their banos,anD then kiffeo their bancs, ^beptooke 
 tjim fo? a great man, but fure be toas a lafie lubber. 31 left htm there Beeping, ^be people of tijefe 
 countries be much gtucn to fuclj plating ano Diffembling Ijppocrttes. 
 
 jfrom Patanaw 31 toent to Tanda toljicb is in tbe lano of Gouren. 3ft Ijatb in times pate bene 
 a kingoom,btttnoto is fuboueobp Zelabdim Echebar. ojreat traoe ano traffique is hereof cot' 
 ton,ano of clotlj of cottou.-Oje people goe nakeo toitlj a li tie clotlj bouno about tbeir toalle . 3! t 
 ffattoctlj in tbe countrep of BengalaJpere be manp tigers, toilo 'Bufs, and great flo?eof ttiloe 
 foulc : tljep are berp great toolaters. Tanda ftanoetb from tbe rtuerGanges aleague.becaufe in 
 times pad the riuer flotoing ouer the bankes, in time of raine did owtonc tlje countrep ano manp 
 billageji,anD fo tljep do remaine,9nD tbeolo toap tobicb tbe riuer Ganges toas tooont to run, re< 
 maineth o?ie,toljic^ is tbe occaBon tbat tlje citie Doetlj (lano fo farre frcrnt the toater. jfrom A gra 
 ootonetbe riuer lemena,ano ootone tbe riuer Gafiges,3l toas fine moneths comming to Benga- 
 la,but it map be fafleo in Hiucb ujo^tertime. 
 
 dPolb fount). 
 
 Tanda ill Gouren 
 
MSTUlph Fitch. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 257 
 
 3!toEntt"romBengalaintot^couiutpofCouche,toljicl)UEtt)2j,Dapci5toutnpji5ojtbtoarDS gSmfjJg^ 
 from Tanda.'&be king is a Gcntile,tjts name is Suckcl Counfe : tjte councrep is gre at,ano Itctli QuichcMcceai 
 rot far from Cauchin China: fo? tbep fap tbep baue pepper from tljcnce. €be po?c is callea Cac Jjg Jf j^^ 
 chegate, 3U ttje c ounttte is fet tett^ Bamboso? Canes maaefljarpc at botbtljecnaes jDjitttn iunc»ofchiin 
 into tt)C eartlj.ana tbep can let in tbe toater 9 D?oi»ne tbe grottna aboue knee aeepe, fo tbat me no ? 
 Ijo?fes canpafle.'&beppoifon all tlje maters if anp tears be. $ere tbep baue muc|y Clke 9 muf be, 
 ana clotb maoe of cotton.'&be people baue eares lD&tclj be marueilous great of a fpan loug.tobxb 
 tbepij?ateoutinUngtbbpDeuifeflto^cntbepbepong^eretbevbeaU(Sentiles,antitbfptti!lfe!l $™ tmm( * 
 notbingXbcp baueljofptcalsfo? ujecpe ) goates,aogs,c<its,bttDS, $fo? allotber lilting creatures, 
 mm t'jcp be ola 9 lamc.tbep keepc tbem Until tbep Die. 3f a man catcb 0? bup anp quiche tbmg 
 in oibcr places 9 b?ing it tbttljcr,tbep toilgtue bim monp fo? it o?otber Dictuals#keepe it in tljeic 
 bofpitals o? It t i: goXbcp mil giue meat to the ants.^Dbeir fmalmonp is almonDp.tubicb often- 7n Motieo 
 times tlj :p afe to eat. jfrom tbence 31 rcturneD to Hugeli.toljicb is tlje place toljere tlje for tugals Not m« m* 
 feeep in tbc countrp of Bengala tobicb ttanaeuj in 23 .Degrees of JI3o?tberIp latituae, ana ftanaetb monJjV 
 aleaguefrom Satagan : tbep calit Porto PiquencIOe toent tljzougb tljemilDcrnes,be:aufe ttje Sjgf^,, 
 ttgbt lnap teas full of tbicttes, tuljere toe paffea tbe countrcp of Gouren,tobere tee founD but f clu aimonD*. 
 fcillagcs.but almoDE all miloerncs.f fam manp buffes,fmine gtaecrcgraffc longer tljen a ma,anD Hu s<'y. 
 fcerp msnp ©gens. $ot far from Porto Piqueno fotttbrncfrnjara^anacth an baucn mijtcb is cat* 
 leD Angeli, in tlje countrcp of Orixa. 3Jt teas a kingaom of it feli'c,$ tbe king teas a gnat frica Pot[0 Ad s« u ' 
 to Crangers.aftetmarDs tttoas taken bp tbekingof Patan mbicb mas tbcirneigbboucbut be did 
 not eniov it long,but mas taken bp Zelabdim Echebar,mijicb is kingof Agra^Ddli,? Cambaia. 
 Orixa (ianaecb 6, Dates iournepfrom Satagan foutbmettmarD. 31n tbis place isfcerp mucb Hice, m 
 ana clot*) tnaDeof cotton,? great flo?e of clotb tobicb tsmaae of graffe, toljidj tbep call Yerua, it is mnv t>e mat* 
 like a Clkctlbep make gooD clotb of it tuljicb tbep feno fo? India saiuers ctber places. ^Co tbis ^'.nvir- 
 ftauenof Angeli ccmeeuerppcre manp fijips OUt Of IndiajNegapatanjSumat^MalaccajanD Di- ginu. 
 uersotber places ; 9 laoe from tbence great tto?e offtice, gtmucb clotb of cotton ttooil, mttclj fu s 
 gar,?longpc^per,grcatllo?eofbuttcr?otberm'ctuaIsfo? India. Satagamt'safaire citiefoja ****&>> 
 titie cf tbe Moorcs,ana uerpplentifull of all tbings. tym in Bengala tbep baue euerp Dap in one 
 plate 0? ctvjcc a great market mbicb tbep call Ghandeau, ana tbep baue manp great boats tobiclj 
 tbep cal pericofe,T3Jl}creUJttball tljep go from place to place anD bup Sice ana manp otljcr tljtngs: 
 tbefc boates baue 24.0? 2 6.oares to rotoc tbcm.tbep be great of burtljen, but baue no ccucrt ure, 
 Itpere tbe ©entiles baue tbe mater of Ganges in great effimation, fo? bautng gooa mater necre 
 tbem 3 pet tbep toillfetcb tbc mater of Ganges a great toap off, ana if tbep baue not fufftcient to 
 B?inke,tbepn)illfp?inkieaIitleontbem,anntbentbcp tbinketbemfeluestoell . jf'romSatagani 
 31 trauelleDbp tbe countrcp of tbe king of Tipparaojporto Grande, rjuitbtubom tbe Mogores ^" d ' e ,0 'P OIto 
 o?Mogenbauealmoacontin , aalliaarres , '©beMogentobtcbbe of tbe ktngaomofRecon ano " n c ' 
 Rame, beflcongectben tbe king of Tippara, fotbatChatiganti?porto Grande is oftentimes 
 snoer tbe king of Recon. 
 
 Ubere is a ccuntrp 4.oaies iournie from Couchc 0? Quicheu btfo?e mcntionea,mbicb «'s cal< B»««i«r * 
 lea Bottanter anD tbe cttie Bottia.tbe king is calleD Dermain ; tbe people tobcrcof are Vicrp tall %'$ "S"!tr?. 
 ana Qrong.ana tljcreare marcbants tobicb come out of China,? tbep fap cut of Mufcouia 0? Tar- ^, r a ci, *'^ °f e 
 tarie.<3na tljep come to bup mufke/ambalSjagarSsfilke^epper ana faffron like tbe faffron of Per- mimai., • 
 fia.'Ebe countrcp is berp great, 3 .monetljs iournep.^bere are berp Ijf gb mountains in tljis emm-" 
 trep,$ one of tbem fo deep tbat mben a man is <5.aaics tournep off it,ije map fee it perfect Ip.Qpon 
 tbefe mountains are people tobielj baueeares of a fpannc long:if tbeir eares be not long, tbep call ^D»f« (time rs 
 tbem apes, ^bep fap tbatioben tbep be upon tlje mountaines, tljepfeefljipsin tljegica fapltng SSnmjw, 
 to ana fto;but tbep knom not from tobencc tbep come,no? toljetber tljep go.tlbere are marcbants tflllc6 pl*« 
 iuljicb come out of tbe 4EalI,tbep fap.from bnacr tlje funne, tobtcb is from China, tobielj baue no " WJ ' um,0 ° 
 iearDS,anatljepfaptljere it is fometbing luarme . ?Stit tbofe tobtcb come from tbe otljer fioe of 
 tbemoumainstobtcbiSfromtbei5o?tb,faptljereitisberpcolD,iC.bcfe^o?tb?ettmercbaiits are 
 apparelleptoitbmooHen clotb ana bats, mbiteljofenclofir, anabootesinbicbbeofMofcouia 0? JfjiVXte 
 Tartarie.feljep repo?t tbat in tbeir countrep tbep Ijauenerp gooa bo?fes,but tbep be litle s fome mmbMit. 
 men Ijauc foure, Sue, 0? fire buna?ca bo?fes ana kine t tbep liue mttlj milke ana fleuje , Zlv v 
 cut tlje tailes of tbeir kine.ano fell tbem aerp Deetc,fo? tbep bee in great rcquett, anD mttc'j t&w „^$S? 
 meo in trjofe partes , % be [jaire of tbem is a para long, tbe rumpe is aboue a fpanne long : 
 tljepbfe to bang tbem fo?b?auerie bpon tbe beaoes of tbeir Ciepbants : tljep bee mttcb afea 
 in Pegu ano China: rtjcpbuicanD fcllbpfcojes upon tbe gtouno* %\),i people be bcrp foifc 
 sn foote. 
 
 JfromChatlgan m Bengala, 3j came to Bacola ; $e king toljereoftjj a Gentile, a mm »«*• 
 
 Y3 utrp 
 
Serrepore, 
 
 Sinnergan, 
 
 258 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, M.%alpb Fitch, 
 
 berp toell bifpofcD ano oeligbcetlj much to ujoot in a gun.lpis countrcp ts berp great anD fruitful, 
 ano batb Ho }t of l&ice, nutcrj cotton clotb.anb clotb of Cine . %\>t houfes le berp faire anb high 
 builbeb, the ftreetes large, tlje people nafteD,ej;cept a ittle clotlj about t^cir toaCc ♦ Cfcetoomen 
 toeare great ftoje ofuluer hoopes about ttjeir ncckes ano armes s aim their legs are ringcb tottfj 
 fiiucr ano copy er,ano rings maoejrf elephants teeth. 
 
 f romBacola 31 toent to Serrepore tobtclj Qanoetfjbpon tbe fitter of Ganges, t\)Z king is 
 calico Chondery.'Cbfpbeall hereabout rebeb againtttljeirking Zebaldim Echebar: fojbere 
 are are fo manp riuersfj Sllanos, tljat tbep flee from one to anotber,toherebp bis bojfemen cannot 
 pjenai!e againft tbem, ©reat flc?c of cotton clotlj its mace bere, 
 
 Sinnergan ijs a totoiic Bjc.e leagues from Serrepore, tobere tljere is the befl anb fineff elotfj 
 made of cotton that is in all India, Cbe cbiefe Ring of all thefe countries is calleo 1 fac an , ano be 
 is cbiefe of all tbe other kings.ano is a great frieno to all Cbnftians. 'Sbe bottfes bcre.as tbep be 
 in themofj part of India, are berp litle, ano coucrco toith ftr atoe, ano Ijatic a fctoc mats rouno a- 
 hout tlje toals,anb tlje boo?e to keepe out tlje i£pgers ano tbe fores. S^anp of tbe people are be* 
 rprich. lperecbeptoilleatenoflcflj,no?killnobeaft: tbep liue of Kice,milke,anb fruits, "Cljcp 
 goe toitlj a litle clottj before tljem,anti all tbe reft oftbeic booies isnakeb. ©rent ftojc of Cotton 
 cloth goetb from hence, ano muclj Kite ,toljeretoitb tbep ferue all India, Ceilon,Pegu, Malacca, 
 Sumatra,antj manp other places. 
 
 31 toent from Serrepore tlje 28, of jftouembcr 1585, fioj Pegu in a final! fbip o? foift of one 
 Albert Carauallos, anb fo patfing Cotone Ganges, anb pafltng bp the 31flan0 Of Sundiua, porto 
 Grande,oj the countrie of Tippcra,tlje kingoom of Recon ano Mogen, leauing tbcm on cur left 
 floe toith a f aire toino at jfto jtb to ell : our courfe to as ©out Ij ej bp Calf, to Ijic lj b jougljt bs to tbe 
 barre of Negrais in Pegu : if anp contrarp toino bab come,toe Ijab tb jotoeu manp of our tljings o-= 
 uer-boo?o:fo? toe mere fo peftercb toitb people tj goobs,tbat there toas fcant place to lie in, JF rom 
 Bengala to Pegu is oo,leagueS,21te entreb tlje barre of Negrais,tobich is a bjaue barre $ Ijatlj 
 4,faoomes boater inhere it bath Ieaft.'&fae e capes after toe came to Cofniin,tobich is a berppje 
 tie totone,anb ftanocth berp pleafantlp,berp toell fttrniujeb toitb all things, %.\$ people be berp 
 tall $ toellbifpofco ; tbe toomentobite.rounb facto, toitb litle eies: tlje boufes arc high built.fct 
 bpon great high poftes, 9 tbep go bp to tbcm toitb long laooers fo? fcare of the 'Cpgcrs tobicb be 
 berp manp.'Ehe countrcp is berp fruitful of all tbings.llpere are berp great figs, ©?cnges,Co* 
 coes,ant) other fruits.'&be lanti is berp high that toe fall toitljall,but after toe be entreo tlje barre, 
 itisberplotoeanbfullofriuers, fojtbepgoeaUtooanofrotnboates, tohiclj tbep call parces, 
 ano keepe their houfes toith toife anb cljilo?en in them. 
 
 from tlje barre of Nigrais to tlje citie of Pegu is ten oapes iourncp bp the riticrs, JKEtce toent 
 from Cofmin to Pegu in lParoes 0? boates,ano paffing bp tlje riuers tore came to Medon, toljiclj 
 is a pjetp totone, tobere tljere be a toonberfull number of l(Darocs,fo? tljcp keepe their houfes ano 
 tbeirmarketsintbemallbpontbetoater, ^Lbeprotoetooanofro, anoljaue all their marcban* 
 cfjes in tljcir boates toitlj a great Sombrero a} fljaooto ouer their Ijcabs to keepe the funne from 
 tljcm,tobich is asbjoab as agreat cart toljeele maoe of tlje leaues of the Coco trees anb fig trees, 
 ano is berp light, 
 
 from Medon toe toent to Dela,tohicb is a berp faire totone,ano Ijatlj afaire po?t into tlje fca, 
 fromtoljence go manp Qjips to Malacca, Mecca, anb manp other pIaccs,lJJere are 18&} 20.be- 
 rp great anb long boufes,tobere tljep tame ano keep manp elephants of the kings: f 0? there about 
 intbetoiloeraelTethep catch the toiloe elephants , 3!tis aberp fruitfull countrcp. fromDe- 
 la toe toent to Cirion,tobiclj is a gooo totone,ano hath a faire pojte into the fea, tobicber come ma« 
 np fijips from Mecca, MalaccajSumatra^ano from biuers other places, 9nb there the ftjips ftaie 
 anb bifcharge,? fenb bp their gooos in Faroes to Pegu, from Cirion toe toent to Macao,tobicfj 
 is a p?etie totone,tohere toe left our boats 0? Iparoes,? in tlje morning taking Delingeges, toljtcij 
 are a kino of Coches maoe of co jds $ cloth qutlteb, 9 carieo bpon a ftang bettoeene 3 . 02 4, men i 
 toe came to Pegu tlje fame oap. Pegu is a citie berp great.ftrong, ano berp faire,toitlj toalles of 
 ftoue.anb great bitches rouno about it, Cbere are ttoo totones, the olo totone ano the n/toe, 31n 
 the oloe to tone are all the mar chants ftrangers, anb berp manp marchants of the countrep. 911 
 tlje gooos are folo in the oloe totone tobicb is berp great,anb hath manp fubttrbes rouno about it, 
 ano all tbe houfes are maoe of Canes tobicb tbep call Sambos, anb bee couereo toith Orator* 
 3n pour boufepouhaue a Cftarebottle tobicb tljep callGodon, tobicb is maoe of bncketoput 
 pour gooos in.fo? oftentimes tbep take fire anb bume in an houre foure 0? flue Ijuno jcd Ijoufrs ; fo 
 tbatiftbeGodon toerenot, poufboulb bee in banger to Ijaue all burneo,if anp toinoe ujouln 
 rife,atatrice ♦ 3|n tlje netoe totone is tlje king, ano an Ijisjftobilitie anb©entrie, 3Itts a ci=- 
 tit berp great ano populous, anb is maoe fquare ano toitlj berp faire toalles, anb a great bit cb 
 
 rouno 
 
 sunditu 3flanti 
 
 Negraij, 
 
 Cofmin, 
 
 iflt)6crs lift 6 
 to auoyb t|ic 
 hanger of Vuilo 
 
 iiwfts. 
 
 SEMu tiling in 
 boats. 
 
 Medon. 
 
 Dels. 
 
 CiiioiK 
 
 Macao, 
 
 <Codits carfeo 
 
 ion Hisns 
 
 IhoulDcrs. 
 
 Pegu. 
 
M. T^lph Fitch. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 2 59 
 
 rouno about it full of water, with manp cracootlcs in it : tt bath twentp gates, ano they lice 
 maDeofflone, fo?cuerp fquare fiuc gates , ©here are alfo manp ©ttrrcts fo? Cetitmels to 
 luatctj , aiaoc of tooou , anD giloco luitlj goloe ticrp fatre , ©he ftrects are the fairctt that cucr 
 31 fato, as flcatglj t ag a line from one gate to tlje otljcr, anofo b?oaDthattcnnco?tWclucmenmap 
 rifle afronttho?ow tljem. ©n bothfioes of themat cucrp mans ooo?c is fee a yalmec tree vuljtctj 
 is the nut tree, which in ake a berp f aire fljeiu anfl a berp commoDious IbaDoW, fo tljat a man map 
 Walkein tbefijaoe alloap, 'Sl.tje tjoufes be maoeof Iuood , atiD couereo luitlj tiles* ©hekings 
 houfetsinthemiDDleoftlje citp, ano is Walleo ano Ditchcorouno about : anothcbuilDings With^ 
 in are maoeof Wood berp fumptuoufip gilflefl, ano great Wo?kcmanlbip is bpon the forefront, 
 Which is likewise berp rofilp giloco. 9no ttje Ijoufe Wherein his Pagodc o ? icole ftanoeth is co= 
 uerefl lutcrj tiles of filuer , anfl all the Walles are giloco With golflc, ftHitbtn tlje firlf gate of ihc 
 kings Ijoufe is a great large roome , on both fioes Whereof are Ijoufe s maflc fo? tlje kings clc 
 phants, Which be maruellous great anfl faire, ano are brought bp ta Warrcs anfl in feruice of the 
 king. 9nfl among tlje rett be IjatbfouretoljiteelcpljamSjtoljiclj are berpfrrange ano rare : fo? c f r X' n ^p'" 
 there is none other king which hath them but he: ifanp otljcr king Ijatij one, bee Willfcwibnto 
 Ijim fo j it, cKEtljen anp of thefe White elephants is b?ougbt bnto tlje king, all tlje merchants in tlje 
 citp are cominannefl to fee them, aim to giue him a pjefent of Ijalfe a Ducat, which Doth come to a 
 great fumme : fo? that there ate manp merchants in the citp. after that pou haucgiueu pour 
 p?efent pott map come anfl fee them at pour pleafure , although tljep ftano in tlje kings Ijoufe. 
 ©his kingin his title is calico the kingof the white elephants. 31f anp otljcr king haue one, ano <■:& Mug D « 
 toillnot fettfl it him, be Will make Wane With Ijim fo? it : f o? he fjat> ratljer lofe a great part of Ijts fS&SJjg c * 
 Ktngoomcthennottoconquerehtm, ©ljcpDQberpgreatfcruicebiuothcfeWljiteeIepiiantS;c= 
 ucrp one of them ftanoeth in an Ijoufe giloco With goloc, anfl tljep nee feeoe in beffels ot Itluer ano 
 gilt. SDne of tljem When he Doth ga to tlje riuer to be Waujeo, as cucrp nap tljep u>, go? th bnoer a 
 canopp of cloth of golflc o? of filke carrieo ouer him bp fire o? eight men, ana eight o? ten men goe 
 befo?eljimplapingonD?mnmes,ujali)mes ) o?otbcrinflrum£nt3:anBlijljenljet9ioaujcDan5coin= 
 metlj out of tlje riuer , there is a gentleman Which Doth waftj his feet in a ftluer bafin : Which is his 
 office giuen him bp the king. ©here is no fuch account maoeof anp blacfce elephant, bchenciicr 
 fo great, 9nu futlp there be Woonoerfttll faire anfl great, ano fomc be nine cubitcs in height, 
 9no thep Do repo?t tijat the king bath aboue fiue thoufano elephants of Warrcbcfioes manp other 
 Which be not taught to fight, ©bis king hath aberp large place Wherein he taketb the U)iloe ele' 
 phants, at flanfletlj about a mile from Pegu, builoefl With a faire court Within, ano is in a great 
 grotie 0? Wood : ano there be manp buntfmen, which go into the WilDerneffe with Q)e elephants : 
 fo? Without tlje flje thep are not to be taken, 9nfl tljep be taught fo? tljat pttrpofe : ano cucrp ljttn= 
 ter hath fiueo? fire of them : anfl tljep fap that tljep anoint tlje the elephants Withacertaineouit* 
 ment,Which When the Wilo elephant flotb fmcll,lje Will not leatte her, (KHijen tljep haue b?ougljt 
 the Wiloe elephant neere bnto the place, thep f cno Wo?o bnto tlje toume, ano manp ljo?femcn ano 
 footmen come out ano caufe the flje elephant to enter into a Srait Wap Which ooetlj goe to the pa • 
 Iace,ano tlje the ano he oo ruime in : fo? it is like a wood : ano When tljep be in, tlje gate oorh flju % 
 SfterWaro thep get out tlje female : ano When tlje malefccth that he is Icftalonc.lje wecprth ano 
 crieth, ano runneth againtt tlje walles, Which be maoc of foffrong trees, thatfomeoftljcmBoe: 
 b?eake their teeth With running agaittft tljem. ©hen tljep pjickc Ijim With fijarpe eancs, $ caufe 
 him to go into a Kraft Ijoufe, ano tljerc thep put a rope about hismiDflle ano about his feet, ano let 
 bun ttano there tlj?ee 0? foure Dapes Without eating o? o?inking : ano then tljep b?ing a female to 
 ijim, With meat ano o?inke, ann Within few Dapes he becommetb tame, ©ljech!Cfefo?ceofthe 
 feing is in tljcfe elephants. &no when tljep go into the wartes thep fet a frame of Woo^i bpon tljcir 
 bacltes, bouno With great co?oes, Wherein fit foure o? fire men, Which fight with gunnss, bowrs 
 aim arroWes, Darts ano other Weapons. 3no tljep fap that their f kinncs ace fo thickc that a pcl« 
 Jet of an harquebuflj will fcarfe pearce them,crcept it be in fomc tenner place, tljcir weapons be 
 berp baone, 'SDIjep Ijaue gunncs , but fljoot berp bafllp in them , Darts ano fu)o?os fijt>?t Without 
 points, ©he king keepcthaberp great ffate :Wljenije fittetljab?oao as he sotlj cucrp flap tWife, 
 all his noble men Which tljep call Shemines fit on eclj fine , a goofl Diflance off, ano a great guato 
 Without them. Che Court parfl is berp great. 31f anp man will fpeakc With tlje king , he is to 
 itneele oowne , to Ijeaue bp his Ijanos to his heafl , anD to put his IjenD to the grotino tlj ?cc times, 
 When he entreth.in tlje miDDle Wap , anD when he commetlj neere to tlje king : anD tljcn Ijc fittcth 
 DoWne anfl talketh With the kmg; iftlje king like Well of him, Ije Gctetljnecreljim witljint!j?cc 
 o?fourenaces t tfhethinke not Well ofljim, be fittetb further off, cahcnhegoethtoWatre, Ijc 
 goetljberpfirong. 9tmp beingtljcrelje wenttoOdiaintljecoumrepofSiam with tljjee bun- 6&Mw 
 Bjeothoufanomen, ano fiue tljoufmiDelepljants, ©Ijittptljoutano men were hisguaro, ©ijcfc sian *- 
 
 pcopU 
 
2 6 o The Engl i(h Voyages^Nauigations, /W» 5^^p/> /wc/>. 
 
 people do catc roots, herus,lcaues, cogs, cats, rat?, f erpents, ano i nake s ; tljcp rcftifealnioHo' 
 thing. dOfjen ttje king riDf tl) ab?oao, be rise tbtoitb a great guars, smi manp noblemen, cftm-= 
 timcgUuonanelepljantbitt^aBnecaflletouonljtmuerpfatrclpojiloeDtoitftgola; anofomttimesi 
 fcpon a great frame like an Ijo ?u , itrr,tobtcb bad; a little Ijoufe Upon it couerco otter beao.tut open 
 on i be dors, tobicb its ail gilDeo toith tjoicc , 9 fet tottlj man? rubies fj fap fori 5 , uijrrrof be batfe 
 ft casSfleon infinite fio?e in bis countrp,ano is carietj Upon firteene 0? cigbteene me ns Gjculnerj?* 'STbis coat!) 
 nit-no noun in tbetr language is calico Serrion. fllerp great feafling ann triumphing is manp times lefoje 
 m p B «'u atlam the fein S k ot[ > °f m " 1 anD WoBttn, 'Cbis Ring batb little fo?ce bp &ea , becaufe bee bstb but ttrp 
 pioiUj.' fen) fijips. ijje Ijatb boufes full of goloe anDfiIuer,anDb?ingetbinofcen,but fpcnoetb bcrp little, 
 ano batij tbe mines of rubies ano fapbircs,ano fptnelles. jfteere unto ttje palace of tbe ktng,tbew 
 is a tceafure tooonoerfull rid) ; tbe toljirij becaufe it is fo neere , be ootb not account of it : ano it 
 fiance tij open fo; all men to fee in a great tealleo court toitb ttoo gates, toljtclj be altoapcs open* 
 Cljere are foure ^oufesi giloco berp ricljlp.ano couereo toitb leaoe : m cuerp one of tbem arc pa* 
 gooes 0? images of buge fiature ano great tialue. 3In tljc firfl is tlje picture of a fctngin goloe 
 toitb a ciotone of goloe on bis Ijeatt Ml of great rubies ano fapljirrs , ano about bim tbere fiano 
 foure c!jilo?en of goloe. 3!n tlje ferono boufe is tlje picture of a man in Bluer tooonoerfull great, 
 as bigb a? an boufe ; bio foot is as long as a man , ano be is maoe fitting , toitb a crotonc on big 
 beao ucrp rulj toitb (tones,. 31n tbe tljiro boufe is tbe picture of a man greater tfacn tbectber, 
 matte of b?a{Tc, toitbaricbcrotoneonljisljeaD* 3!n tbe fourtlj ano lafl boufe DotbfimtBanotber, 
 maoe of b?affe, greater tben tbeotljer , toitb a crotone alfo on bis beao bcrp rich toitb flones. an 
 anotljer court not farre from tbis fiano foure otberpagcoes 0? ioolep,marueUous great,of ccp* 
 per,mai)e in tbe fame place tolje re tbep do flano 5 to? tb:p be fo great tbat tljep be not to be rcmoo» 
 ueo : tljcp fiano in foure Ijaufes gitoeo bcrp faire , ano are tbemfelues giloeo all cuer tsue tljefc 
 fceaos, ano tbep fljeto line ablacke 9po?ian. ^IjeircrpcncesingilDing of cbc:r images ate toon* 
 cerf ull. %\yz lung bat!; one toife ano aboue tb?ee bitnozeo concubines, bp toljicb tbep fap be Ijatfj 
 fourefco?eo?fourefrG?eanDicncbilojen, ^>c BttctbiniuDgementalmofietierpDap* Cljepife 
 xzw* of tot no fpceclj, but giue bp tbeir fupplfcations to?itten Intbe leauesof a treetoitb tbepoint of an p?o« 
 imhw of a digger tljen a boDkin, ©Ijefe leaucs are an elle long, anD about tteo incbes b^oao ; tbep are alfo 
 Double, ^e tobicb giuetljin bis fupplication,ootl) fiano in a place a little Diflance offtoitb ap^« 
 fent. 3f bis matter be lifteD of, tlje king accepted; of bis p?efent, ano grantctb bis requefi : if bis 
 fute be not Uneo olfyt rctutnetb toitb bts p?efent ; to? tlje fetng toill not tafce it* 
 
 3n India tbcre arc fsia comaMinitieis tobicb fcruef 0} Pegu, ercept Opium of Cambaia, pain* 
 ten clotlj of S. Thome, o?cfMafuiipatan, anDtoljtteclotljotBengala, tobicbisfpenttjjere tit- 
 an iftam great quantitp. 'Sbep bjina; tbitber alfo much cotton, parnc reo coloureo toitb a root tobicb tbep 
 
 toot Mul'i" " cal1 Sai3 ' to ^ toil1 mmt ^ fj ' s coIol!r : ix ,s ** ^ Il5£l ^ !cr bere,ano uerp mucb of it commetji 
 
 ha. perelptoPegu. I3ppaurmonppoulofcmucb. Chettjips tobicb come from Bengala.S/rhome, 
 
 anDMafulipatan.cometotbebarofNigraisanDtoCcfmin^oMartauanapo^tcftijefeaJntbe 
 
 hingoome of Pegu come manp (fr'ps from Malacca laoen toitfj ^anuall, ^o^celanes, ai&otbec 
 
 toares of China,anD "U)itl) Camphora of Borneo, anD Pepper from Achcn in Sumatra. ^EO Ci- 
 
 jsoeiimctota rion apojtof Pegu come fijips frcm Mecca toitbtooolicn clctb^carletSjSeluets^Opiumjanrj 
 
 aubtraihta f nC (, i^ c< ^beiearemPeguciglje^oRers, tobomtbcpcallTareghc, toljicbarebcunDtofell 
 
 cgu * pour gooos at tlje pjice tobicb tbep be tooojtb, ano pou giue tbem fo? tbet'r labour ttoo in tbe fnw* 
 
 d?cd j an!) tbep be bouno to make pour Debt gooo, becaufe pou fell pour marcbanoifesi'pon tbetc 
 
 toc?B. 31 f tbe ^okcr pap pou not at bis Dap, pou map tabe bim borne, anDitecpebiminpont 
 
 boufe: tobicb is a great (bamefo? bim, Snotf bcpappaunotpicfentlp, pou map take bis toife 
 
 ano cSjiId; en ano bis fiaties, ano binoe tbem at pour Doo;e,anD fettbem in t|e Siunne ; fo? tbat is 
 
 «rje moiu p of tbe lato of tbe cottntrep* ^tbetr current monep in tbefe parts is aninoe of b?afle torjt'cb tbep call 
 
 f ' La ' Ganf!,toberetoit|)poumapbup goloe, Bluer, rubies, nmfne,antiaUotbertbtngs. ^e^tUsc 
 
 ano Bluer ismarcbanoifcano is too?tb fometimes ino?s, ano fomettmes lefle, as otber toates be* 
 
 %\)is b jafen monep coetlj goebp a toeigbt tobicb tbep call a biza ; ano commonlp tbis biza after 
 
 «r?i« ft umii ottr account is too?tb about balfe a crotone 0? fometoljat leffe* Utje marcbanoife tobt'eb be iti Pe- 
 
 jiicrctjanfitfto gu,arcgolDe,6lucr,rubies,fapbiees 3 fpineUes,muiRe,beniamimo?fi-ancRincenfe,longpepper, 
 
 of Pegu. t j RnCj j eat!e) copper, lacca tobereof tbep mane barb toare, rice, ano toine maoe of rice, anofcme 
 
 fttgar. 'S-lje elepbants Doe eate tlje fugar canes, 0? els tbep tooulo mafte berpmttcb. 9no tbep 
 
 confttme manp canes like toife in making of their Oareliaes 0? Jsole tcmples,tobicb are in great 
 
 . f of number botb great ano fmall. ISbep be maoe rouno like a fugar Ioafe , fome are as bigb « a 
 
 tut'ir £'cii;pif a cijur cb, bcrp b joao beneatlj, fome a quarter of a mile in compafie : tottrjtn tbep be all eanlj Dene 
 
 si ©awiiflw. aljout mitfi fione, 'CIjcp confume in tbefe Oareliaes great quantitp of gotoe ; fo? tbat tljep be all 
 
 giloeo aloft j ano manp oftrjem from t^e top to tbe boueme ; m mm ten j ttoilue peerrs tbep 
 
 muS 
 
M. "Ralph Fitch* Traifiques and Difcoueries. . i6t 
 
 mutt be nen> gtloed.bccaufe tbe raine confumettj off tbe goloe: fo? tljep ttano open abioao, 3if tljep 
 did not confume tljeir goloe in tljefc toamtics, it toould lie berp plentiful", and good djeape in Pe- 
 gu, about ttoo napes iournep from Pegu tljere is a Oarelle o? lpagooe,iuljicb is tlje pilgrimage 
 oftbe Segues : uiscaUeDDogonne,anDisofatooonoerfullbigneffe,anDaHgilDcDfromtlje . rM . oiM 
 foot to t^e topjjc* andtbereis atibotifebpittohereui tbe Tallipoies toljiclj are tljctrlpjiells doe m^Wn'so" 
 pjeaclj. &bis tjoufc is uue ano fiftp paces in lengtlj , ano batlj tlj?ee pauuies o ? toalks in it , ano p«s»- 
 fojtp great pillars giloeo,tobicb ttanb bettoeene tbe toalks; anb it is open on alludes untlj a nunv- 
 berof fmallpillars.tobicbbe Itketotfegtloeo : it is gilded toitfj goloe toitbin amumtijottt^bete 
 are Ijoufes berp faire romio about foj tl;c pilgrims to lie in : and manp gooolp Ijoufes fo? tbe Tal- 
 lipoies to p?eaclj m , toljicb are full of images botlj of men and toomen, toljicb are all gilded ouer 
 tottlj goldc. 31 1 ib t^cfairefl place, as 31 fuppofc, t^at ig in tlje toojlo : itftandetljberpljiglj, ano 
 tbercarefottretoapestoit, tobicb all along are fettoitb trees of fruits, infttcljtotfetljataman 
 mapgoein tbe Qiaoeabotietuio miles ut lengtlj. andtoljcntbeit frail oap is, a titan can IjarDIp 
 paffe bp luattr o? bp lano fo? tbe great pjelTc of people ; fo? tbep come from all places of tlje king-- 
 dome of Pegu tljicljcr at tljeir featt, 31" Pegu tljep Ijatte manp Tallipoies o? p?ietts, toljtcij p jeac^ 
 agatntt all abttfes, ffpanp men rrfojtbnto tljem. KLUjen tljep enter into tljeir kiack.tljat is to fap, 
 tljeir bolp place o? temple, at tlje ooo?e tljere is a great tarrc of toater uittb a cocke o? a fable in ic, 
 ano tljere tbep toafij tbeir feet ; and tljen tljep enter in, ano lift bp tbeir bancs to ttjeir beaos firft to 
 t!jeirp?eacber, and tljen to tbe Sninne, ano fo fitootone, %\yi Tallipoies go berp ttrangdpappa* Sj^ffigfe 
 relleo tottlj one camboltne o? cljinne clotb nert to tljeir boop of a b?otone colour,anotbcr of pclloto 
 doubleomanptimesbpon tljeir ujoulter : ano tljofe ttoobegiroeototbemtoitljatyoaDgirDle; 
 ano tbep baue a f kinne of leatljer banging on a firing about tbeir necks, toljercupon tbep fit, bare 
 beaded 9 bate footed ; fo? none of tbcm toearetlj fljooes; toitlj tbeir rtgljt amies bare ano a great 
 b?oad fombrero o? ujadobj in tljeir Ijanos to defend tljtmin tlje Summer from tlje gnuine, ano 
 in tlje (KKintetfrom tbe ratne. SUljen tlje Tallipoies o? p?tetts take tbeir flD?ders.firtt tbep go to 
 feboole bnttll tljep be ttoentp peres oloe o? mo?e,and tben tbep come befoje a Tallipoie appotnteo 
 fo? tljat purpofe , toljom tljep call Rowli : be is of tlje cbtefeft ano moll learned , ano be oppofetlj 
 tbem, ano aftcrtoardcraminctbtbem manp times, tobetljertheptoillleatietbeir friends, and tlje 
 company of all toomen, ano take bpon tljeni tlje babit of a Tallipoie. 3]f anp be content,tben be ri* 
 detb bpon an ljo?fe about tlje ttrects berp ricblp apparelled,toitij ommmes and pipes,to fljeto that 
 Ije leauetlj tlje ricbes of tbe too?ld to be a Tallipoie. 3Jn feto dapes after,lje is caried bpon a tljmg 
 like an ljo?flltter, tobicljtljep call aferion,bpon ten o? ttoelttemetts ujouldersintljc apparcll of a 
 Tallipoie.bJitbpipesnno d?timmes,aiiD manp Tallipoies toJitbbiWjandal bis fricnos.anofo tbep 
 gouiitljljimtobisljoufe,tobicbllanDetbtoitljouttljetolbne,anotberetbeplfaue^nn (Etterpone 
 of tljcm Ijatb bis Ijoufc, baljicb iemerp littlc,fet bponfir o? eigbt potts.ano tljep go bp to tljem roiclj 
 a laoDet of ttoelue o? foureteene ttaues. Cljeir Ijoufes be fo? tlje moft part bp tijeljie toapes Coe, 
 ano among tlje trees.ano in tfje iuooos. 3no tbep go baitlj a great pot maoe of toood p? fine eartlj, 
 ano couereo , tteo tottlj a b?oao girdle bpon tljeir Qjoulder s tobicb commetij under tbett arme, 
 toberetoitb tbep go to begge tljeir bictuals tobicb tljep eate, tobicb is rice, fiflj, and berbs, ©bep 
 demand notbing, but come to tlje doo?e, and tlje people pjefentlp doe giue tljem, fome one tljmg, 
 ano fome anotbet : ano tbep put all togctber intijetrpotte : fojtljrp fap t^fpmua rate ef tbeir 
 almes, and trjcretutttj content tljcmfelues. ©bepkeepe tljeir feattsbp tbe S^oone : and toljcntt nmmo'JmB 01 
 tsnetofipoonetbepkeepe tljticgrcatcftfcatt: ano tljen tlje people ftno riceanootljertljingsto 
 tljatkiackojcburclj of tobicb tbep be; ano tljere all tbe Tallipoies ooc mcete toljitbbe.of tljat 
 Cljurcb,ano eate tlje bictuals toljtclj are Cent tbem, ildljen tlje Tallipoies do pjcaclj.manp of tlje 
 people carp tljem gifts into tfje pulpit toljere tbep fit and pjeaclj. and tljere is one toljtcbGttetb 
 bp tljem to take tbat tobiclj tlje people tying, 3lt is oiuioed among tljem, ■Ebepbawenotieotljcr 
 ceremonies no? feruice tbat 31 coulo fee,but onelp p?eacljing. 
 
 31 toent from Pegu to Iamahey , tobicb is in tbe countrep of tlje iangeianues, toljom toe call J^v «"** 
 3iangomes ; it iB fiue ano ttoentp oapes ioumep j^o?tljeatt from Pegu. 3« tobicb iournep 31 paf* ionmj 3»ojtj>- 
 fed manp fruitful! ano pleafant cottntreps, ©Ije countrep is berp lotoe, auDbatbmanpfaireri' ««*>«i»ftow 
 uers, ©be boufes are berp bad, maoe of canes, and couered toiib flrato. Upeere are manp toilde 
 buffes and elf pljants, Iamahey is a berp faire and great totone, toitb faire Ijoufes ofttpne,toell 
 peopled, tlje ftteets are berp large, tlje menberp well fet and ttrong, tottlj a clotb about tbcm, 
 bare beaded and bare footed : fo?inalltbefe countreps tljep toeare no fljooes. ©betoomenbe 
 muclj fairer tljen tljofe of Pegu, ^cereinalltfefecountreputbcpljaue noiubeat. Cijep make 
 fome cakes of rice. Cpitljer to Iamahey come manp marcljants out of China, ano b?tng great 
 Go?e of mufke, goloe, Qluer, ano manp otljcr tbings of China too?ke, ipere is great Oo?e of tote 
 tuals t tljep Ijaucfitcljplentptljat tbep toill not milke tbe buffles, as tbep doe in all otber pistes, 
 
 lOen 
 
 !,h 
 
Cr»o> bsrtte 
 tjt&Dsau. 
 
 CgplaniStbe 
 
 plrtCJ IU|1CI2 
 
 iJje rubles aitD 
 attwvttci* 
 sua ftanca art 
 fouirtr. 
 
 z6i The Engliili Voyages^Nauigations, M.%alph Fitch. 
 
 iPereisgreactto?eof copper anobeniamin, 3n tbefe countrcps toben ibe people be fichc tljep 
 make a bo to to offer meat bnto the biuell, if tbep efeape :-auo luljeti tljcp berecouereo thep make a 
 banket totth manp pipes GtO?ummes ano otljer inttruments, ano DanGng all the utgijt, «nothcic 
 frirnns come ano b?tng gifts, coros, figges, arrecaes, ano other fruits, ano toitb great Dauncing 
 ano reiopcmgtijejj offer to the niuell.anD fap,t!jcp gut* the biuel to eat.ann o?iue htm otic. £&!jcn 
 thep be Dancing ano plaping tbep toil! crp $ balloto berp louo ; ants in this fo?t trjep faptbep n?iue 
 bim atoap. 3no toben tljep be ficke a Tallipoy o? two euerp night both fit bp them 9 fing.to plcafe 
 tlje niueU that be fljouln not butt them, Snnifanpntebeiscaricn bpon a great frame maoeltfee 
 atotoer, loittj a couering all gtloetj tnitlj goloe mabe of canes carieo toitb fouretcenc o?firtccne 
 men, toicho?ummes ano pipes ano other inflruments plapmgbefo?c Ijun to a place out of the 
 totone anb there is burneo. i£e is accompanieb toitb all his frienbs anb neigbbours,all men: ano 
 thep giue to the tailipoies o?p?iettsmanpmatsano cloth : ano then tbep rtturne to the boufe ano 
 there make a feaff fo? ttoo napes I ano then the toife toith all the neighbours toiues 9 her frienns 
 go to the place tobere he tons lurneo,ano there tljep fit a ctrtamc tinfe abb rrp ano gather the pte< 
 ces of bones tobicb be left bnburneo ano burp tbem.ano then retutnc to their Ijoufcs aim make an 
 cno of all mourning, Sub the men anb toomen tobicb be neere cf kin bo fljatte their heabs, tobicb 
 tbep 00 not bfe crcept ic be fo? tlje beach of a f rienti : fo? thep much ette erne of their baire. 
 
 Caplan is the place tohere tbep finbe the rubies .fapbires, ano fpinelles : it aanoetb fire napes 
 iotirnep from Aua in the ktngoomc of Pegu, l&tyte are manp great higbbiiles out of tobicb tljep 
 niggetbem, jftonemapgototbepitsbuconelptbofetobtcbniggetbem, 
 
 SlnPcgiijanDinailtljecountrepsofAuajLangeianncSjSiamjanotheBramasjthcmentoeare 
 buncljes o? little rounn balles in their p?iup members : fome of them toeare ttoo anb feme clj?ee. 
 l£!jep cut the f kin anb fo put them iiijonc into one fibe ano another into tlje otljer Doe ; tolncb tljep 
 Do toben tbep be 2 5 01 50 peercs oloe , ano at their pleafure tljep take one 0? mo;e of themout as 
 thep tbinke goon.SHljen tljep bemarieo thebufbann is fo? euerp cbiin tobicb W toifebatb, to put 
 in one bncillbe come to tb?ee ano then no mo?e : fo? thep Tap the toomen noe ocfire them, Che? 
 toere inuenteo becaufe thep fljoulo not abufe the male fete, jf 0? in times patt all tbofe countries 
 tocre fo gnten to tbatbillanp ; tbat thep toere berp fcarfe of people. 3 1 toas alfo o?oainen that the 
 toomettftjeuln notbauepaft tb?ce cubits of cloth in their nether clothes , tobtch tbep binoe about 
 them ; tobtcb arcfo ttratt,tbar toljen thep go in the ffreets,tbep Cbeto one fine of the leg bare aboue 
 the knee, t&be bunches afo?efapo be of Diners fo?ts : the leaUbe as big as a litle toalnut, anb berp 
 rouno : the greateft are as big as alitlc bcimes egge : fome are cf b?atTe ano fome of Bluer : but 
 cbofe of Cuter be fo? the king anb his noble men. Chcfe are giloen ano mane toitlj great cunning, 
 ano ringlilie a Kile bell, 'abere arc fome mabe of leaoe,toljich tbep call Sel wy becaufe thep ring 
 butlitle : ano tbefe be of IclTcr p?icc fo? the pooler fo?t* ^he lung fomctimes rakctb bis out, ano 
 giuccb them to rjis noblemen as a great gift t ano becaufe be bathbfen them, tbcpellceme them 
 greatlp. Cljep toillput one in, ano hcalc Op tbeplace infetten 0? eight napes. 
 
 %ty Bramas tobiclj be of the kings countrep (fo? the king is a Brama) hnue their legs 0? bel- 
 lies.o? fome part of their boop,as tljep tbinke gooo themfelucs^aoe black toitlj certaine tljtngs 
 toljicl) tljep haue : thep ufe top?icke the fkinne,anD to put on it a kinoe of anile 0? blackmg,tohiclj 
 eotlj continue altoapes, 9no this is counteo an honour among them: but none map haue ic but 
 the Bramas tohicb are of the kings kinreo, 
 
 Chefe people toeare no bearDs : thep pull out the hatre on their faces toith lit tie pinfons mace 
 fo?thatpurpofe. @>omeoftbemtoilHeei<5o? 2ohairesgrotocogcther,fomeinoneplaceofhis 
 face anofomein another.ano pulleth out all the refl : fo? he carieth his pinfens altoapes toitb bint 
 to pull the baires out ailoone as tbep appeare. 3If tljep fee a man toitb a btaro tljep toonocr at bim. 
 •SChep bane tbeir teeth blacfeeo botb men ano toomen , fo? thep fap a oegge batb bis teetlj tobite, 
 tljerefo?e thep toill blacke theirs. 
 
 "Cbe pegues if thep haue a fute in the lato tobicb is fo ooubtfull that thep cannot toell beter^ 
 mine it.put ttoo long canes into tlje toater tohere it is berp oeepe : ano both the parties go into the 
 toater bp tlje poles,ano there fit men to iuogcjanb thep both 00 oitte bnoer the toatcr,ano [je tobicb 
 remainetljlongefl bnoer the toater both toinne the fute. 
 
 %\)t 1 o of 3Ianuarp 3 toent from Pegu to Malacca,pafling bp manp of tlje po?ts of Pegu, as 
 Martauan,tbe3!lano of Taui,from tohence cemmctb great ffo?e of tinne tobtcb feruetij all India, 
 tlje3lanOSOf Tanafcri,lunfalaon,ano manp others ; anOfo came to Malacca tlje 8 of Jfcb?uarp, 
 tobere the lg)o?tugals baue a cattle tobiclj tranoetb nere tlje fea, 9no the countrep fall toithout tlje 
 totone belongetlj to the Malayos, tobiclj is a kinoe of p?ouo people. 'Cljep go nakeo toitlj a clotb 
 about theirmioole, ano a litle roll of clotb about tbeir beans. Ipiibec come manp ibips from Chi- 
 na jftom the Malucos , Banda, Timor, ano from manp otberaianos of tlje Iauas , tobiclj b?ing 
 
 great 
 
 Anthony Galin- 
 notnjttetrjof 
 
 ',!)Efc!jnl0. 
 
 <!IhepfopIeDf 
 Pegutueateno 
 
 btaiis. 
 
 Matocu. 
 
M.Ttalph Fitch. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. i6% 
 
 great tto?e of fptces ano D?ugs,ano Dtainancjs ano otljer teiuels, %t>e toopagc g into manp oftljcfc 
 3Hanos belong onto tljecaptaine of Malacca : fotbatncncmapgoetbithrttoithcutljis licence: 
 toljiclj peelo bint great fummesof monep euerp pcerc, %\)i ^ojttigaig brere batte often times 
 Inarces toitl>tljektngof Achem tobitl) flanoetl) uul;e 31lanD cf Sumatra : from tobence conniieth 
 great tto?e of pepper ano other fpices euerp peere to Pegu ano Mecca toitljin the Red fea,atio o* 
 ther places. 
 
 - aajljen the po?tuga!s go from Macao in China to Iapan, tbeprarrp much tohitefilhe, goloe, <rr)cub»agttd 
 imifke,anopo?ccIanes: ano tbcp b?tng from tljcnce nothing but Bluer, 'S.hcphaueagteatca- Iapan ' 
 racke torjicb goctlj thither euerp petf,ano the b?tngetb from thence euerp pere aboue fire bunojeo 
 thoufang crufnDoeS 5 ano all this filuer of Iapan,ano ttoo ljuno?co tboufano ~erufaDocsmo?e in fil- <ci8fit(itmi)|trt 
 Her toljiclj tbcp b?ing pcerelp out of India , ttjcp implop to their great atuantnge in China : ano [JJSlSS ""tc 
 tljepb^ingfrom tljence golDe.mufhcfilfeccoppcr.po^celaneia^nomanpotljertbtngsberpcafilp impact. «re. 
 ano giloco. £aijen the lpo?tugals come to Canton in China to traffike,tljep mutt remaine tijerc [noaiShlffif 
 tiut certainc Dapes : ano toijen tljep come in at the gate of the citp, tljep mutt enter their names in *»■ 
 a boofee, ano tobentbepgoe out at night thep mutt put out their names; ^bcpmnpnotlieinthe 
 totone all nignt.but mtifl lie in tljeir boats toithcut tbe totone. 9no their capes being crpireo, if 
 anp man rcmame there , thep are cutlltofeo ano impiifoneo, Che eEhtnians are berp fufpitious, 
 ano ooe not trutt ttrangcrs. 31t is thought that the king ooth not knoto that anp Urangers come 
 into his countrcp. 3uo further it is creoiblp repo?ceotbat the common people fee tljeir King tot* 
 rp feloome o? not at all , no? map not looke top to that place inhere be fittcth. 3no toben he rioetlj 
 ab?oaobe is carieotopona great chatreo? fettiongiloco toerp faire, toljerein there is maoealittle 
 Ijoufe toith a latife to looke out at : fo that he map fc e tlje in , but thep map not looke top at Ijim i 
 ano all the time that he patteth bp tbem, tljep hcauc top tbetr bancs to their hcaos, t lap their heaos 
 ontbegrouno, anolookeiiottopbnttHhebepaffeo.. 'SljeojDer ofChinafstobcnthcpmourne, 
 that thep toearetohitethjeaoujoes, snoljatsofflraton %l)t man ooth matirnefo? his toifettoo 
 peercs, tlje toife fo? ber bufbano tb?ee pceres t tfcefonne fo? bis father a pcere,ano fo? Ijts mother 
 ttoopercs* 8no all the time toljiclj thep mourne thepkeepe tlje ocao in tlje Ijoufe , the lotoels be* 
 tug taken out ano Blleo tottlj cho wnam o? lime, ano coffmeo : ano toben tlje time is crpireo tljep 
 carrp tbemoutplaping ano piping, ano burnetljem, anotohcntbepreturnetbepptilloffiheie 
 mourning toceos,ano marrp at their pleafure, amanmapkeepeasmanpconcubtncsasljctoill, • 
 butonctoifccnelp. aUtljeChineans,Iaponians,anDCauchinChineansOotojitertg()tOOtoU= f&ffi$$ 
 toaros.ano tljep Do to?ite toitb a fine penfill maoe of Dogs o? cats Ijaire, of chim. sc . 
 
 . LabanisanaianoamongtrjelauasfromtoljeneecometheoiamantsoftljeNewwater. 9no ub Sn . 
 thep ftnoe tljem in tlje rtuets : fo? the tog toill not fuffer them to oigge the roche, 2>««manw. 
 
 Iambais an Jilauo among tlje Iauas alfo ,from tobence come oiamants. 9no theking hatlj a iambi. 
 matte of earth toljiclj is goloe; itgratoethtnthemiocleofartuer : ano toben the king oothlacke 
 golo, thep cut part of the eartlj ano melt tt,tohereof commeth goloe. 'Sbismaffe of earthootbap- csoitn. 
 peare but once in a pere j tohtcb is toben tlje toater is loto t ano tbis is in the monctlj of 3p?il, 
 
 Bimatsanother31lanoamongthe iauas, tohcretbetoomentratteUanoIabourasdurmenoo »»*•. 
 in England,ano the men feeepe boufe ano go Inhere tljep totlU 
 
 %\)e 29 Of Search 1 5 88, 31 rcturneo from Malacca to Martauan, atlO fo to Pef.u,tohere3I re= fjer<mni«tj 
 
 Jriainco tlje fecono time tontill tlje 1 7 of ^eptcmbcr^no then a toentto Cofmin.ano there tooke ftom UAiK * i 
 fljipping ; ano patting manp Dangers bp reafon of contrarp totnoes, it pleafeo ©00 that toe arri- 
 ueo in Bengala in jaoueinber follototng : tohere 31 Capeofo?toantofpaffage tontill the tljtro of Bengal*. 
 tfeb?ttarp 1589, ano then a ujippeompfclfefo? Cochin, jntohicljtoopag'c toe cnottreo great 
 ertwmitp fo? lacfee of fceuj toater : fo? the toeatber toas ertrcme bote , ano me toere manp mar* 
 cljants ano pattengers, ano toe Ijao toerp manp calmes,ano bote toeatber, get it pleafeo <Soo tljat 
 toe arriueo in Ceylon tlje firth of flparch, toberetoettapeofiueoapes to mater, ano to furniflj c ey io^ 
 our felues tottljmher necettarpp?ouinon. "iitljis Ceylon ts a b?aue 31Iano, toerp frttitfull 3 fat're; 
 butbp reafon of continuall toarres toitlj the king; thereof , all tljmgs are toerp oeare : fo? he toill 
 not fuffer anp thing to be brought tothe cattle tohere the ipp?tugals be : toljcrefoje often times 
 thepljaue great toant of totctuals. 'Sbeie p?ouifion of toictuals commeth otft of Bengala euerp 
 pere. tEhe king is calleo Raia, ano is of great fo?cc ; fo? he commetlj to Columbo.tobich is the 
 place toljere the po?tugalsbauetbetff9?t, toitb an Ijuiio?cd tljoufano men, ano manp elcpljants. 
 "But tljep-be nakco people all of them ; pet manp of them be gooo tottlj their piece s tohiclj be muf* 
 feets. SCtiien the king talfeetlj toitlj anpman,ljettanoethtopononelrgge, anofcttetbtheotber 
 foot topon Ijfsknee toith his ftoo?o in bis hano ; it is not tljeir o?ocrfo? the king to fit but toflanti, 
 ^tsapparell is a fine patnteo cloth maoe of cotton toooll about his miODte : bis haireis long ano 
 iouno top toith a little fine cloth about tjis fceao : all ti)C rett of ty$ boop is nakeo, ^)is guato arc a 
 
 tljoufanu 
 
2 6\ The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, Ad* Ifylpb Fitcb, 
 
 tboufano men, tobtclj iron rounc about uim, tarn be in tbe mieoie; anc toben be marcbetb, SSSf 
 of tljem got befojebim, anc the reft come after bim> 'Cljepare of tlje race of rbeCbingalapes, 
 toljiclj tljep Tap are tlje bell kinoe of all the gpalabars. Z ijctr ttrcs are toerp large ; f o? tlje grea* 
 tertbep are, the moie honourable tl;cp are acecunteo, Lottie of tljem arcafpanne long. Z\$ 
 toooo toljicb the p burne is Cinamcm toooo , anc it fmelletb berp ftocer. Chere is great Coje of 
 rubies, fapbires, anofpincllesintbi* Jlano: tljcbefikinocofailbe Ijerc ; but tbe kwg toil! not 
 fuffcr t be inhabitants to oiggc fa j the m.left Ins enemies (ho ulo knew of tbem,ano make toarrcss 
 againftbim, anofo Cjiue Ijim out of his count rep fo?tbem, ^(jcp baue no tjojfes in all rUc coun* 
 trcp, Wcfi elepbants be net Co great as tbofc of Pegu, uiliicb tic monflrous buge : but tbep fap all 
 osljer elepbants do feare tbem, anc none care tight tot tb tbem, though tbcp be uer p Cmall, Cbetc 
 toumenbaue a clotb bounc about tbem from their raiccie to tljeirknee : anc all the refl is bare. 
 911 of tbem be blacke anc but little, both men anc toomen., cijcir bouCcs are toerp little, mace of 
 the blanches of tbe palmer oj toco-tree, anc couereD toil b t be leaues o f tlje Came tree* 
 
 HCbeclcutntbof flparclj toe failec from Ceylon, anofocoubleetbecapeofComorj. Uotftt 
 from tljence, bcttoerne Ceylon anc tljemaine lanOof Negapatan, tbep fiQ; fo? pearies, 9ns 
 there is fifljcD ctterp pere toerp mucb ; toijtcb Cotlj Cetue all India, Cambaia, anc Bengals, it lit 
 not Co orient as tlje pcarleofBaharimin tljegulfeofPerfia. jFrom cape dcComori toe paffcB 
 bp Coulam.tobitbis a-fojt of tbepojtngals: from toljeitce commetlj great ftoje of pepper ,tobic& 
 commctb rojPojtwgaU: foj oftentimes there lacctlj one of tbecatacksof Pcnugall. VL\yca 
 pairing tljctoafl toe arriueo in Cochin tbe 22 ofsparclj, tobere toe founo the tocatbertoarme, 
 butfcarGtpoftoiccuals : fo?bcregrotoctljne;tbercomeno?rice : anc tbe grcaieft part lomwethj 
 front Bengals, 'fcbepbauetiere toerp baotoater, fojtberiucrisfarreoff. djtsbaotoettrcau* 
 fc t lj manp oftl;c people to be like lepers, anc manp of tbem bauc their legs Ctoollen as bigge as at 
 man in tlje toaQe,^ manp of tljcm are fcant ab le 1 go. Ztyft people bere be Malabars,.ttto of tbe 
 race of the Na ires of Calicut : anc tljep Differ much from tlje other Malabars, Z\)tU jjaue tljeic 
 braes toerp full of Ijairc, anc bounc top toitb a ftring : anc there ooclj appear e a buujtoitboutibe 
 banc toberetoitb it is bounc. ZMi men be tall anc ftrong , anc gocc arcbers toitb a long bom 
 mtoaloitgarroto.tobubis tbeirbefltocayon : vet tbcre be Come caliuers among tl;cm, but tbcp 
 bancletbembabtp, 
 
 tyeeregrotoetfj tbe pepper; anc it fpjingetbtop bpatrceejapole, anc is like our tup berrp, 
 but fometljing longer like tlje toljeat eare : anc at ttjc firfi tlje buncbes arc grecne , anc a* tbep 
 toare ripe tljep cut tljem off anc cjp tbem. Cbelrafe is much letter then the iup Uafeanc tljino 
 ncr, 911 tlje inhabitants here bane toerp little Ijoufcs couerec toitb the leaues of tbccoco-treeU. 
 ZX)t men be of a reafonable flat urc ; the toomen li tic ; all blacke, toitb a cloth bounc about tbetc 
 micolc banging ootoue to tljeic bammes : all tbe refl of tlje i r bocies be rtakeo : tbep baue bo?rible 
 great eares toitb manp rings Cet toitb peades anc Cones in tbem* Clje king goetb incacljcc, a* 
 tbep co all ; be ootbnot remaine m a place aboue fine n fire capes : be batb manp ijoufcs.but tbep 
 fac but litis : bisguaroisbutCmall : Ijcremooucth from one boufe to another accojcingtotbeic 
 otoer, 911 tlje pepper of Calicut anc tourfecinainomgrotoetb herein this countrep. <£bebcft 
 cinamom Dotb come from Ceylon, anc is pilleo from fine poong trees. Ijperearetoerpmanppal" 
 met 0} coco trees , tobicb is their cljiefe fooo : fo? it is their meat anc c jinfce : ano peelcctbmanp 
 other neceffarp things, as 31 Ijauececlarecbefo^e. 
 
 ^heNaires tobtcb bebnocr tlje king of flSamorin , tobtclj be Malabars , Ijaue altoapestoars 
 toitbtbclpo?tugala. Che king bath altoapes peace toitb tbem; but bis people goe to tbe Ceata 
 robbe 9 (tcale. Cbeir cljiefe captaine is calico Cogi Alii ; be Ijatlj th jce caflits bnoer Ijim. SStben 
 tbe l^oitugals complaine to tlje king, be Cap t lj be ootb not fenc tljem out : but be confenr etb tbaf. 
 tbep go. 'Cbep range all tbe coatt from Ceylon to Goa,ano go bp foure 01 fiue parotoes 0? boat* 
 togecb?r; anoljaueineuerpunecftbem6ftpo?tlj?cefeojemcn, anoboojcpjtCtntlp. 'Cbcpco 
 mucb barmc on tljat coaft,ano take euerp pere manp foifls anc boats of tbe ]$a jt ugals ' , S^anp of 
 tbefe people be 9^oo?es. %W kings countrrp beginnetlj ttoelue leapesfrom Cochin,ancrea* 
 cbetbnecretntoGoa. 31 rcm^neo in Cochin bntlll the Ceconoof^ouember, tob;cljtoas eight 
 monetbs ; fojt that tber e toas no padage that toent atoap in all that time : if 31 b*t> come ttoo cape* 
 fooner3 bacfountapa(Tagep?efentlp. jTrom Cochin 3 toent to Goa,tobere 31 remaineotb?ee 
 napes, from Cochin to Goaisan buncos leagues, jTrom Goa 3 toent to Chaul, tobicb itf 
 tb^eefco?e leagues, tobere 3 remainco tlj?ee anc ttoentp capes : anc there maktngmp piouifion 
 of things neceflarp fo? tbe fijippe , from tbente 3 oepartee to Ormus 5 tobere 3 flapec fo? apaf« 
 fageto Balfara fiftp capes, ^rom Goa to Ormut is fbUte ljunc;cc leagues, 
 
 Oc re 3 tbougbt gooo , before 3 make an ntc of tbismp booke , to ceclare Com? things toifefj 
 Indiaanotbeeottntre^fartberCaStoacocobjingfo;^, 
 
 JSIaciie j»»opIe. 
 CapcdcComoti, 
 
 Coulim, 
 Cochin, 
 
 ^SropletoitC 
 f inotit ii Uggca 
 mtnrianib alto 
 
 »j lob, Huygeo. 
 
 S?8ta mvn 
 
 jSlacftepssptr 
 
 t«|C»litut,tll 
 
 Cananot. 
 
 Coa. 
 
 Chaul, 
 
 Ormm, 
 
- . — ttmu --■ ■ ■'■■■■ 
 
 Ad t 1(alpb Fitch, Traffiques,and D ifcoueries. % 65 
 
 C&e pepper grotoctljtnmanpparc0ofIndia,tlpcnaUpabout Cochin : ano muclj of it Doetij wj'vwn 
 gtoto in tljefidDS among; tljebuftestoitljoutanplatoiic: anDtobcnitisripethEpgoanDgasbcc 
 it. ^beujjubbe is line unto out tup tree :anoifit wo not tun about fome tree oj pole, ittooulo 
 fall do tone ano roc, Wfttn tbep firtt gatber it, it i» grecne ; ano (ben tbcp Jap it in tbe feun, ano 
 itbecommethblacfee, 
 
 <Ebe ginger grotoecb lifee unto our garlike , ano tbe root is tlje ginger : it is to be founo in <Em S ai 
 manp parts of India. 
 
 ^be clouts ooe come from tbe 3lles of tlje Moluccoes , tobicljbe outers Jjlanos 1 tbeir tree is ciowe, 
 like to our bap tree, 
 
 Utlje nutmegs ano m aces groto togetljer , ano come frcm t Jje 31Ie of Banda t tlje tree is like to jaunts* * 
 our toalnut tree.but fometobat leffer, nwcw ' 
 
 1Ebe tobite fanool is toooo berp f toect 9 in great rcqucC among tlje 3Inoians ; fo? tbep gtinoe 
 fttoitb alitle toater.amjauopnt tljeir booiestbetetmtlj : it commetbftom tbe3!fle of Timor. 
 
 CamphoraisapjecioustbingamongtIje31noians,anoisfoIoeoearcrtbengolDe, 31 tljinke camphors. 
 noncof it commetb foj Cbjifienoomc, ^ljactobicljiscompounDeDcommetbfromChina:but 
 tbat tobicb grotoetb in canes ano is the bed, commetb from tbe great 31fle of Borneo, 
 
 Lignum Aloes commetb from Cauchinchina, lignum Abe* 
 
 Che beniamin commetlj out of tbe countreps of Siam ano Ian gomes. 
 
 ■&be long pepper grotoetb in Bengala,in Pegu,ano tn tlje 31Ianoe of tbe Iauas. j„„ B S<P 5« 5 
 
 3Cbe mutke commetlj out of Tartarie,ano is maoe aftertbis ojoer,bp report of tbe marcljants matt . 
 tobicb b?ing it to Pegu to fell ; 3Jn Tarcarie there is a little bead like bnto apong roe, tobicb tljep 
 take in wares, ano beat him to Death toitlj tbe Wood : after tbat tbep cut out the bones, ano beat 
 the fleOj Urith tbe blooDberpfmall.anDfill tlje fluntoitljit x ano hereof commetb tbemufke, 
 
 £Df tlje amber tljep hotoe outers opinions ; but moll men lap it commetb out of tbe fea 4 ano that amber. 
 tbep finoe it upon tbe fbo jes (toe, 
 
 Cberubtcs/ap&ires.anofpineUesarefounDinPegu* rums, r* 
 
 Cbe Diamants are founD in Diuers places, as in Bifnagar, in Agra, (n DeIIi,ano in tbe aianos §&£. 
 
 Of tlje Iauas. S>iaw.am». 
 
 ■Ehe bett pearles come from tbe 3IIauo of Baharim in tbe petltan fca , tlje tooojfer from tbe 
 Pifcarianecrctlje 3l(lc of Ceylon, ano from Aynam a great 3liano ontljc&outljermottcoaQ of 
 China. 
 Spodium ano manp otber ninoes of ojugs come from C ambaia. spodiwn: 
 
 POtttoretUrnetompDopage; fromOrmusSltoettttoBalfaraojBafora, anofromBafora Baton. 
 to Baby Ion : ano toe palTeo tbe mofl part of t Ije toap bp t Ijc firengtlj of men bp balling tbe boat up Babylon, 
 tbe tiuer toitlj a long co?o, Jfrom Babylon 3| came bplano to Moful, tobicb ftenDctbncre to Ni- Moful. 
 riue, tobicb is all rtifnateo ano ocCropeD ; it fianoetb fail bp tbe ritter of Tigris, jfrom Moful a 
 toent to Merdin, tobicfj is in tlje countrep of tbe Armenians ; but noto there Dtoellin tljat place a m<i*>, 
 people tobicb tljep callCordies, ojCurdi. jTromMerdin3toenttoOrfa, tobicb is afcerpfaire ° if »« 
 totone, anoit batb a gooolp fountaine ful of ftuj ; tobere tlje Spoojcs bolo manp great ceremonies 
 ano opinions concerning Abraham : fo? tljep fap be oio once otoeiltljere, tfrcm thence 3I toent 
 to Bir,$ fo paUeo tlje riuer of Euphrates, if torn Bir 3J toent to Aleppo, tobere 3! Setpeo eeuaine E;r - , 
 monetbsfojcompanp; ano ttjcn 3J toent to Tripolis ; tobere finoing Cngliftj Qjipping, 3 Came £!£££■ 
 toitlj apjofperous Dopage to London, tobere bp ©oos affiQance 31 fafelp arriuco t|je 2? of 3pul 
 1 59 1 , bauing bene eigljt pecres out of mp natiue countrep. 
 
 The report oFIobn HuighenVanLinfchoten concerning M. Newheries 
 ancf M. Fitchesimptifonmcra, and of their efcape, which happened while 
 
 he was in Goa„ 
 
 i3l2 the monetbof©ecember, Anno iy 83, ttjercacriuco in tbe totone ano 3llanoof 
 ■ OrmusfoureCngliujmenjtobtcbcamefromAleppointbccountrepofSyria.bauing 
 faileDoutof England, fpaffeotbojototbeflraigbtsofGibraltarto Tripoli atotoue 
 ' ano Ijauen Iprag on tlje coatt of Syria,toljere all tbe fljips Difcbarge tbeir toares 9 mar= 
 cbattDifes,rjfrom tljettce are carieo bp ianounto Aleppo, tobicb is nine Dapes iournp, 3In Aleppo 
 there are reBoent Diuers marcljants 9 factours of all nations, as Italians, French men, €ngliflj 
 tnen,araientans, ^Cutks ano SDoojes, euerp man bauing bis religion aparc,paping tribute bnte 
 tbe great ^Eurke, 3In tbat totone there is great traffique, foj tljat from tljcnceeuerppeere 
 ttoi(e,tbere trauell ttod Caffyls, tljat is, companies of people ano camels,tobicb trauell Onto In- 
 dia, Perfia, Arabia, anDaUr^ecountte^bo^etiitgon tbe fame, anooealemaUfo;tsofmar* 
 

 Ibhn Nfwbery 
 ItaDbcrm ill 
 Ormus liefojt. 
 Addo.hSi, 
 
 26 6 The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations, M< %alph Fitch. 
 
 cl)a»ode, botbta anDfiointljoCe couutrEps, as 3? in anotljer place Ijattealreanp Dcclarco. %^%tt 
 oftbcfapo<£ngliujmenafojefapo , teerefentbp r^e companp of CngliQ) mentbatarercfiotntiit 
 Aleppo, to fee ifin Ormus tbepmigljtkeepe anp factours, ano fotraffitme in tbat place, likeas 
 alfotije Italians oo,tljae is to fap, tlje Venetians toljicb tit Ormus,Goa,anti Malacca Ijaue tljere 
 fart6urs, aim craffiruie tljere, aCtoeil (0} tones ano pearlcs, asfo? otber toares ana fpices of tbofe 
 couatccpcSj toljiclj from tljcncc are carieoouerlanointo Venice. Cmeoftbcfe^ngliujmenbao 
 bene once befoje in tfje fcpo cotune of Ormus, ana t^ere Ijaota&en goon information of tlje trace, 
 anti Vjyoit Ijigi aotttfe ano aDttettifement, tbeotbertoereastbencometbttljertoitb ljim, bringing 
 great ficje of irtarcbanoifes tuitb tbem, as CI otljes,S>affron, all kinoes of Djinking glaffcs, ano 
 liabetDaujersluareS, as looking glaCfcis, kniues, ano fucbltkefluffc : ann to concluDc, bjougbt 
 toitlj tbematlkinoe offmalllnares tljat map be oeuifeo, 9no altbougb tbofetoareSamounteo 
 bnto great fummesof monep, nottottbttanoing it teas but onelp a tyaootooj colour, tljerelpto . 
 gitte no occafion to be miftruffeD, o?fcenetnto : fo? tljat tbetrpjincipall intent toas to Vupgnat 
 quantities of pjecious ft ones,as DiamantS,prstles,Eubic8, ate, to tlje toljicb eno tljep b?ougbt 
 toitljtbent a great famine of monep ano goioe , anb tljat bctp fecretlp , not to be occciueo oj rou» 
 hen tljereof, j to runnc into anp Danger foj tbe fame* Cbcp being tljus amtieo in Ormus, Ijireu 
 a fijoppe , ano beganne to fell tljeir toares : toljicb tlje Italians perceiuing, toljofe factcatrs con* 
 tinue tljere (as3fapobefo?e) ano fearing tbat tijofe Cngltflj menfinDtng gooo bent fo? tljeit 
 rommoDttics in tljat place, tooulobereCtoenttberein, anofooaplpincreafe, tobicbbjoulobeno 
 fmalllofle ano Ijtaoerance bnto tbem, oiopjefentlpinuent all tlje fubtilemeanestljcptouloto 
 InnDertbcm : ano to tbat enb tbep tocnt bnto tlje Captatne of Ormus, as tljen calleo Don Gon- 
 falo de Mcnefes , telling bint tljat tljere lucre certainc Cngliujmen come into Ormus, tbat 
 lucre fentoiielp to fptetbecottntrep; ano fapd ftttrtjer , tljat tfjeptoereberetikes j anotberefo?e 
 trjepfapo it toas conuenient tbep ujoulo not be fufterebfo to Depart, toitljout being eraminco, 
 ano puniujeo as enemies, to tbe erample of otljtrs. 'Ebe Captaine being a frieno bnto tbe Cng» 
 Jiuj men, bp reafon tbat oneoftljem buljicb bao bene tljere befo?e,ljaD giuen Ijim certaine pjefents, 
 tooulonotbeperftoaocbto trouble tbem, butfijippeb tbem toitlj all tljeir toares inaujippetbat 
 toastofailefojGoa, ano fenttbcmtotljcUtcerop, tljat Ijemigbteramine ano trie tljem, as be 
 tljougljtgooo : toljcre toben tbep tocre arrweD, tljeptoerecaft into pn'fon, ano firtl eramineo 
 toljetljer tljep luere gooo <£lj?ittians 01 no : anb becattfe tbep coulb fpeake but baooe }{3o?t ugatf, 
 onelp trno of tljemfpake goob Dutcb, as Ijauing bene certainc peres in tlje loin countrepes, ano 
 tljere traffikcD,tljere bias a Dttt cb iefuicc bo m tn tlje tolune of Bruges in Flanders.tbat bab bene 
 reftoent in tlje Indies fo? tlje fpace of tljirtp pers,fent bnto tljem,to bnbermine anb eramine tljem; 
 toljerein tljep beljaueb tljeinfelues to toell , tbat tbep toere bolocn anb cflcemeo fo? gooo anb Ca* 
 tljolicke <£b?iffians j pet ftill fufpecteo, becaufe tbep toere flrangers, anbfpectallp Cngliuj 
 men, %{)Z 3Iefuitesflill tolDecljemtbat tbepujoulDbefentpjifoncrsi intoPortugall, toinjing 
 tbem to leatte off tljeir traoe of marcbanbife 3 anb to become aefuites, p?omiltng tbem tberebp to 
 nefenb tbem from all trouble. VZMt caufelubptljcpfapbfo, anb perftoabeD tbem in tbat earnett 
 ntaner, toas, fb? tljat tlje Ducclj 3!efutte bab fecrctlpuene abuertifeb of great fummes of mone? 
 Mjicbtijcpbababouttljcm, ano fottgijt to get trje fame into tbetr fingers, fo? tbat tbe firttbotoe 
 ano pymufe tbep make at tljeir entrance into tljeir ©joer, is, to procure tbe luelfate ct" tbeic 
 fapo2D?oer, bpluljatmeanesfoeueritbe, "But altbougb tbe Cngliuj men benieb tbem,anbre* 
 fufeotbc©?oer, Taping, tbat tbep lucre unfit fojfucb places, neuertbeleiTe tljep pjoceebebfo 
 farrc, tbat one of tbem, beinga^ainter (tljat came luitb tbe otljertb?cefo? companp, to fee tlje 
 countreps, ano to fecke bis fortune, anotoasnotfenttljitber bptbe€ngliujmarcbants) partlp 
 fo } feare, ano partlp fo j toant of meanes to relieue btmfelfe, p?omtfeo tljcm to become a Semite: 
 aiio altbougb tljep knciu ano luell percctueo be mas not anp of tijofe tbat bao tbe treafure, pet be« 
 caufe be luas a fainter, luljereof tljere are but feto in India, anb tbat tbep bao gteat ncrb of b mi 
 to paint tljeir Cljttrclj, lubtclj otberluife luoulo cott tbemgreat cljarges, to b?ing one from Portu- 
 gail, tljep mere berp glao tljereof, Ijoping in timeto get tbe reft of trjem toitlj all tbeir monep into 
 tbeirfelloftjip : fo tljat to conduce, tbepmaoetbis^aintcra3Jefuite,toberebecontinuebcet* 
 taine bapes, gttting btm gooo to?e of tuo jke to Doe , ano entertaining bim luitb all tlje fauour ana 
 frienofljip tljep coulooeuife, anoalltotomnetbercfl, tobeapjapfojtbetft: bu'ttbcotbenbj?* 
 continueo flill inujifon, being in great feare, becaufe tbepbnoerftooo noman tljat came to tbem, 
 no? anp man almoftknem luljat tbep fapo : till in tlje eno it luas toloe tbem tbat certainc aputcf) 
 menoiucltintbe9rcljbiujopsboufe, anbcounfell giuentbemtofenobntotbem, tobereat tbep 
 niucbreiopceo, ano fenttome anoanotber Dutcb man.bcftriitg bs oncetocome ano fpeake 
 toitlj tbem , luljicb toepjcftntlpDio, anotbcpbJitbtcaresin tbeir epesmabe complaint bnto bst 
 of tbeir Ijaro bfage, fijetoing bs from point to point (as it tSftnjD before) toljp tljep toere come 
 
 int@ 
 
M. Ralph Fitch, T raffiques and Difcoueries. 16 j 
 
 into the countrep, toitball Dcfiring bs fo? (Cobs caufe.if toe might bp anp meanca, to bilpe tbem, 
 t licit tbep mtgh t be fet at libertp upon fur eties , being rcaop to ensure tohac luttice Abouto o?Daine 
 foj tbem , taping , that if it toete founo contrarp , anD tfcat tbep toere other then trauelling mar» 
 vijancd, ano fought to finoeout further benefit bp that toarcs, tl>f p tooulD be content to be puni- 
 ibeo. SUitb that toe oeparteb from them, pjomiGng tbem to bo our bett: ano in the eno toeob- 
 taineo To much of the arcbbilbop J that be toent bnto tbe (iiicerop to beliuet our petition, ano pec 
 ftoaoco htm fo toell, that be toas content to fet them at liber tic, anD tbat their pobsujoulo be 
 Beliuereb bnto tbemagaine, bpon conbition tljep fboulb putinfurcties fojttootboufanDpnr' 
 Datoes,nottooeparube rountrep befoje other ojDerffnwlD betaken toitbtljcm, ^hereupon 
 thep p;efentlpfounD a Citizen ofthetotonetbattoaBChcirfuretpfo^ttootboufanDparbatoeo, to 
 tobemtbeppapeo inbanaonetboufanbanDtbjcs bunbjeoparDatoes, anD becaufe tl;epfapb tbep 
 Ijao no moje reaDp monep, be gatre tbem crebit, feeing toljat ffojeof m§rcbanoifc tbep baD, 
 tob erebp at all times tf nr CD toere, be niight be fatif ficb ; ano bp that mcanes thep toere be liuercb 
 out of pnfon, anb Ijireo tbemfelues an boufe, ano beganne to fet open Qjoppe : fo that tljcpbttereo 
 much toare , ano toere p jefentlp toell knotoen among all the marcbants , becaufe tbep altoapea 
 refpecteo gentlemen , fpeciallp fttcb as bought their toares , Gjetoing great courteQc anb bcrtouc 
 bnto them, toberebp thep tooon much crebit, anb toere bclotieb of all men, fo that euerp man fa« 
 uourebtbem, cnotoastotllingtoDoe tbem pleafure. Co bstbepftetoeD great fricnDfbip, foj 
 tobofe fake the Srcbbifbop fauourcb tbem mud), anb ftjetoebtbemberpgoob countenance, 
 tobtcljthepkneto toell boto to incrcafe, bp offering bim manp pjefents, although be tooulo not 
 receiuctbem, neither tooulb euer take gift oj piefcnt at anp mans banns, Liketoifc tbepbeba--- 
 ueb tbemfelues fo DifcreetlptbatnomancarieDaneutllepe, no , no? an euill thought totoatwf 
 tbem* ([illhicbltkebnottbeaefuices, becaufeitbmberebtbemfromtbattbepbopebfo?,fotba{ 
 thep ceafeb not fitllbp this Dutch 3efuite to put them in feare, that tbep fboulb be fent into Por- 
 tugall to the Ring , counselling tbem to peelo tbemfelues 3c fuites into ctjeic Clottter, tobich if 
 tbep did , be fapD tbep tooulb befenb tfjem from all troubles , faping further , that be counfelleo 
 them the tm as afnenb, joitc tbatkneto fo; certcine tbat it teas fo oetcrmincb bp tbeOictropca 
 lPfiup,counceII : tobtcb to effect be fapb tbep flapet but fo> dipping that u^oulofaiiefo? Por- 
 tugal , toitb biucrg other perftoafions, to put tljem in fome feare', ano lb to effect tbeirpurpofey 
 C-beCngltfljmcntotbe contrarp, burfl not fapanp thing to them, butanftoereD,tbataspec 
 tbep tooulb dap a tobiie , anb confiber thereof, tljerebp putting the Semites in comfort , as one 
 among tbem, being the pjmcrpall of tbem (calleb Iohn Newbery) complaincb bnto me often 
 times, faping that be bneto not tobat to fap 01 tbinke therein, oj tobich toap he mtghtbe ribbe of 
 tbofc troubles : but in tfjeeno tbep betcrminebtoitb tbemfelues to Depart from thence, ano fe* 
 cretlp bp mcanes of otfjcr frienbes tbep implopeb their monep in precious ftones; tobicbtbe 
 better to effect, oneoftljcm toas a Jctocllcr.annfojtbe famepurpofe came toithtbem. 2Ub<ctj 
 being conclubeo among them, tbcpourtt not make knotoen to anp man, netttjec oib tbep cre« 
 bite bs fomucb, as to fbetobs their mtnoes therein, although tbcptolocbs all tobatfoeuec 
 tbep kneto, 15ut on a ffiLlbitfunoap tbep toent abjoao to fpojt tbemfelues about tb?ee miles 
 fromGoa, in the moutbof tljeriitcrmacountrep callen Bardes, bauingtoitb tbemgoob lloje 
 of meat e ano Djtnke, 9no becaufe thep fboulb not be fufpectcD , tbep left tljeit boufe anb ujoppe, 
 tottbfomctoares therein bnfolBc, incuttoopcf aDutchbop, bpbspjauibebfojtbem, cbat loo- 
 kebbntoit. Ci)t3 bop toas in tbcboufc not Imotomgtbeir intent, ano being in Bardes, tljepbao 
 tottbtbemaPatamar , tohicbisone of the anbianpottes, tobicbintbe SUinter times cariet& 
 letters from one place to tbeotber, tobomtbep baDbireDtoguioetbem : ano becaufe that be« 
 ttoeene Bardes anb the firrue lanb there is bnt a little riuer , in amancr balfebjie , tbep pafleb a* 
 net it on foot , anb fo trauelieb bp lanb , being neuer bearo of againe : but it is thought thep am'- 
 ueoin Aleppo, asfomefap.buttljepknotonotcertainelp. Cbcirgreatett hope toas that Iohn «5«»raWan 
 Newbery coulDfpeake tbearabiantongue, tobich is bfeb in all thofecountreps, o^attbeleafi S^q^f* 
 UnoerllooD; fo?itisberpcommoninallplacestbereabouts,asjrrencbtoitbbs. i2etoesbcmg in- 
 come to Goa, there toas a great Birrc ano murmuring among tljepeople, anb toe much tooonbe» 
 reb at it : fo j manp toere of opinion, that toe bab gtuen tbem counfell fo to do ; ano p je fentlp their 
 furetp fcifco upon the goobs remaining , tobich might amount bnto aboue ttoo hunbjebpar^ 
 Batoes ; ano toitb that ano tbemonep be bao receiueb of the Cnglifb men , be toent bnto the Qitc* 
 rop, anbbeliucrtbitbntobim:tobicbtbeUtccropbauingreceiueb, fo?gauebimtberett. Cbttf 
 flight of the CEngiifbmengricueDtbe Jefuttcsmoli, becaufe tbep bab loft furb a pjapc, tobiefe 
 tbep maee fure account of: toljerupon tbe Dutch 31efuite came to bs to afke bs if toe kneto tbere* 
 of, fapingjtbat tfrjs bab fulpecfeD fo muct>,be tooulb bauebeaItotbertoife,foj that befapb, be once 
 babinljis Ijanbsof theirs a bagge tobemntoas fojtptboufanbbcnefcanbers (eebbtnefeawet 
 
 Z 2 being 
 
1 
 
 26$ The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, M.John SldreL 
 
 beiHgtbJoparbaoies) tobicb toastobentbcpboereinpjtfon. anbtbattljcpbaoalbjapesputbim 
 in comfort to accompltf!) fjtss oelire : bpontbetonjicb piomife be gatie them tbeir moncp agatne, 
 tobicb otbertoife tbep ftjouto not Co ligbtlp bane come bp , o? peraouenture neuer , as be openlp 
 fapo : aim nt tbe eno be calico tbem berettcks , ano fpies , touch a tljoufanb otljer ratling fpeccfjes, 
 toljicbbebtteren again&t&em. tZLbeCnglinjmantbattoag become a Jefutte, beating tbt this 
 companions toere gone, anbpercciumgtbattbeaefuiteslbetoecbimnotfogreat fauour, net-- 
 tbcrbfeobimfb toellastbep bio at tbe firff, repcnteobimfelfe; ano feeing be bab notas tben 
 mabeanpfoIcmnepjonttTe, ano being tounftHcD to leatie tbe boufe, anotoloe tbatbecoulonot 
 toant aiming in tbe totonc, asalfo c&at tbe3Jefut'tcs coiriotictkcepe btwtberetoitbotitbe toere 
 toilling to flap, Co rfjcp coulo not accufebim of anp tljing , be toloe tbrm flatlp tfjat be ban no oefire 
 tottaptoitbintljeCioilTcr. anbaltljougbtbep bfeballtljemeanes t[jep coulo to kecpebimtbere, 
 pet be tooulo not flap, but bireb anboufe tottljout tbe £loificr , ano openeo fljoppe, tobcre be ban 
 goooflojeoftoojfee t anointbeemi marrteo a Mettizos Daughter of tbe totonc, fotbatbemabe 
 bis account to ttap tbcte tolule be Irneu. 15p tljt« Cngltuj man 31 toas inttructeb of all tbe toapes, 
 traces , anbbopagesof tbe countrep , bcttocene Aleppo ano Ormus , anDof all tbe ojbinanccs 
 ano common cuffomes tojn'cb tt>ep "bCuallp bolbe bttring tbeir bopagcouertljc lano , as atfooftbe 
 places ano to tones toljere tljep paffeo. Sno fmce tb^fe Cngliflb mens oeparrurcs frcm Goa ,tbcre 
 neuer arriueb anp llrangers, eitljerCnglifnojotljcrs, bplanb,intbefapocouutreps, btitotielp 
 Italians toljicb oaplp traffiquc ouer Ianb, ano bfe cotitimtaH traoc going ano cemming tljat toap. 
 
 The voyage of M. John Eldred to Trypolis in Syria by fea, and from 
 
 thence by landandriuer to £*/ye»and&»^rrf. 1583. 
 
 Departeb out of London in tbe (bip calleb rfje Tiger, in tbe companpof Sp, 
 Iohn Ne wbeiy, 9^, Ralph Fitch, aim tire 0} feuen otber boneff marcljants 
 I bpon <t>b r oiie nutntiap 1 5 S? , nnt> arris cb in Tripolis of Syria tlje Srfloap of 
 'spapnertinfuing : at our lanbingtoe toent on Shaping bponS. Georges 
 !3!lam>, apIacetoljereCEbjiftiansopingabciojotbeibips.aretooonttobcbu*- 
 ticb, 3In tbis citp otir'Cngliift) marcbantsbatte aConfttll, anb our nation 
 abibe together inoncboufctoitbb'ro, calico Fondeghi Ingles, builocbof 
 ffonc,fquarc,in maner like aCloifler,? eticrp man Ijatb W feurrall chamber, as it is tbe bfe of all 
 otber Cbjitttans of fcttcrall nations, E-bistotonefiancet!) bncer a partof tbe mountameof Li- 
 banus tbBoCnglid) miles bittant from t[;epo?t: on rfjeficccf toljicrjpojt , trcnbingtnfoimeof 
 an balfe C©oone, ftano fine blockeboufes 0} flnall fojts, tobeiein ts feme berp gcoo artillerp, an& 
 tlje fojts are kept toitb about an (junDjeo Jantfaries. Higljt before tbis toumc from tbe featoarij 
 is a bankc of mouing fanb,tobicb gatbcrctlj ano mcrcafetlj toitlj tlje QHcfleme toinbs,in fuel) fo?t, 
 tljat,acca?Ding to an olDe piopbeGe among tbem, tbis banke is like to ftoalloto bp 9 ouertobefinc. 
 tbe totone : fo? cuerp pere it increafetb anb eatctb bp manp garoens , altljuugb tljep bfe all policp 
 taoimimfrj tbe fame, anbtomaReitfirmegrounD, CbccitptsabcttttbebtgneffeofBiliow, anb 
 toalleD about , tljougb tlje nialles be of no great fo?ce, Cbc cljicfe ftrengtb of tlje place is in a €i- 
 taoelljbJbtcijKanbetbon tbe <S>ontbCbetoitbin tljetoafles, ano oucrloofeeibtlje u)baIctobjne,ano 
 is Bronglp kept bJitb tboo bunojeb janifaries ano gooo arttllerp, 3 riucr paflctlj tbo?oni tlje micfl 
 of tbe citp , lurjfetevutttj tbep uiater tbeir garoens anb mulberp ttecs , on tobtclj tbere grobo abun= 
 ftoit of t»bit« bance of Bike nio?mes,uiberenittb tbep make great qttantitp of berp ttbite filke,tobicb ^ *& ebie* 
 feQ naturall commooitp to be founb in anb about tljts place. %\)is rooe is moje frcqutnteb luitb 
 Cbjimanmarcbants.totoit^enettan^^cnouois^lojentineSj^arfilians^iciltans^agU 5 
 fes, ano latelptoitb i£ngliuj men,tben anp otber po?t of tlje 'Surks oominions. ^rom Tripolis 
 3 oeparteo tbe 1 4 of 39ap nutlj a carauan, pafltng tb?ee oapes ouer tlje rioge of mount Libanus, 
 atrlje eno tobercof bae atriueb in a citp ealleoHammah, nibicbflanbetljon agooolpplaine repte' 
 nifljeD toitlj come $ cotton toooll, ©n tljefr mountatnes tobtcb boe patfeo groui great quanritp 
 ofgall trees, tubiclj are fomenibat like our okes, btttlefferanomo?ecrookeo: ontbebefttrcea 
 man (ball not finbe aboue a pounb of galles, Cbts tobone of Hammah is fallen ano falletb mo^e 
 anbmo?etooecap, anbattbisbaptljereisfcarfeone balfe of tbe boallllanoing, tobiebbatbbene 
 berp ttrong anbfaire : but becaufe it coil manp mrnsltues to loin it , tbe 'Eurke toill not baiiett 
 repatreD ; anobatbtojittenintlje 9rabtantongtteouer tbecafllegate.bJbtcbttanoetbintbemiofl 
 
 Oftbetotone, tijefebUOJOS : Curled be the father and the fonnethatlhall lay their hands tothe 
 
 repairing hereof. Uefteujing our felues one bap bere,baepafreDfo?boarDniitb camels tbjeebapes 
 moie butill boe came to Aleppo, uibere toe arriueb tlje 2 1 of (pip. ^Ijis is tlje grcateli place of 
 traffique fo? a b?p tolune tljat isin all tbofe partsstfo? bttbtr refb?t 3!ebjes,^artart'ans,l|9eraans, 
 
 9nueuians, 
 
 SltiebJfcriprt- 
 
 OHOf Tripolis 
 It! Syria. 
 
 Oiht. 
 
 'ZDecitvot 
 Hammah. 
 
 <Catton wooll, 
 ® all trees. 
 
 Aleppo. 
 
JVLfohn BUred. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 269 
 
 arn.cnians.CgpptianSjJnoians.anDi.Mnp fojcs of eryjtutans.ano tniopftceoomeoftbeit com 
 
 fciences, ano tying thither manp kinos ofricljmarcbauou'es, 3!n tljemioneftoftljigi totone alfo 
 
 Jlanoetb a gooolp cade raif eocn ljigb,toitlj a gartfon of fourc o? fiue buno?eo Sanifarirs. £Etitlj« 
 
 in fcurr miles rottno about are gooclp garoens ano bineparos ano trecs,tobtcb beare gooolp fruit 
 
 jtcere unto tbe riuers Goe, tobicb is but fmall ; the toatles are about tbjee Cnglilb miles ui com* 
 
 jraue, buttbefuburbsarealmoGasmucbmo?e. ©betotoneisgreatrppecpleb. CiUeccpartcD 
 
 from thence toitlj our camels tbe taGofgpaptoitb £19 ♦Iohn Newberyano his companp,ano came 
 
 to Birrah in tb?ee capes, being a fmall totone fttuateo bpon tbe riuer Euphrates,tobere it begin-- &'«<». 
 
 netlj fitflto take bis name , being here gatberco into one cfjanell , tobereas before t't commetb 
 
 Botoneinmantfoloebjancijcs, ano therefore is calico bptlje people of the countrep b» a name 
 
 tohich Ggnifietlj a tljoufano beaos, Nereis plcntpofDictuals.tobetof lue aUfurmujeo our feiuea 
 
 fnj along tournep oounietbeafojefapo riuer* anoacco^oing to tbemancroftbofethattraiicll 
 
 Dotone bp toater , toe p?epareo a fmall baike fo? tlje conuepance of our fclues ano of our gooes. 
 
 ^Lbefe boats areRatbottomto, becaufe the riuer is ftjalloto in manp places : anotobenmen tra- Euphrates %au 
 
 uell in the monetb of 31u!p, augttfl, ano September, the toater being then at the lotocG, ti;ep are lm ' 
 
 contttainco to carp nmlj them a fpare boat $ ttoo to lighten tbeir otone boats , if the? cbance to 
 
 fall on the Gjolos. S23e toerc eight ano ttoentp oapesbpon tlje toater bettoeene Birrah ano Felu- eigiit <* tt»m» 
 
 gia,toberc toe DiGmbaikeo cur felues ano our gooos. Cuerp night after tlje <§>tm fettetb, toe tie wg^ t B ,u°£ r \ 
 
 our barke to a Cake, go on lane to gather flicks, ano fet on our pot toitlj rice j biufeo toljcat, ano 
 
 (jauing fuppeo,tbe marchants lie abooni the barke,ano tlje mariners upon the ujojes Gee as ncre 
 
 as tbep can unto tlje fame 3n manp places Upon the riuers Goe toe met toitlj troops of3rabi« atamans up* 
 
 ans,of toljom toe bought milke, butter,cggcs,ano lambs,ano gaue tljem in barter, (to? tbep care £"$«:")" 
 
 not fo? monep) glaires,ccmbe3,co?alf,amuer,to bang about ttjeir amies ano necks,ano fo j phut 3 
 
 neo milke toe gaue them b?eao ano pomgranatpeeles, tobcreiuttb the? bfetotanne their goats 
 
 fkmnes tobicb tljepcburnetoitball. ^beirbaire,apparell,ai.D colour are altogether like to tljofe 
 
 Dagabono Cgpptians, toljich heretofore haue gone about in England. ^beit toemen all toitljcue 
 
 deception tocare a great rounn ring in one of their noflrels, of goloe, Hitter, 0? p jon, accoutring to «n« arMm 
 
 their abilitp , ano about their armes ano fmalles of theit legs tbep baue hoops of goloe , filuer 0? #££ttZl££ 
 
 p?on. Sill of tljem aftoel toomen ano cbilDjcn as men,are uerp great ftotmmers,ano often times ««& w>n«i». 
 
 fwimming tbep brought bs milke to our barke in bclfels bpon their beans. 'Cljefe people are be-= 
 
 rp tbeeuifij, tobicb 31 pjoueo to mp cofl : fo? tbep flole a caffeet of mine, toitlj things of gooo balue 
 
 in the fame , from bnoer mp mans fjeao as be toas adecpe : ano therefore tratteflers keepe poo 
 
 toatch as tljep parte DOtone the riuer* Euphrates at Birrah is about the b^tDtb of the Thames at Euphrates tl^ 
 
 Lambeth, ano in fomeplaces narrotoer, in fome b j oaoer : it runnetPerp fustftlp, almofl as fall <mbtt '' 
 
 as tlje riuer of Trent : it hatboiuers forts of fiuj in it.but all are fcaleo,fome as bigge as falmonc, 
 
 likebarbils, SUelanoeo at Felugia tlje eight ano tlucntietlj of 3lune, tobcrctoemaDeotttabooe fti«g*" 
 
 fetten bapes, fo? lache of camels to carp ottrgoaos to Babylon : tlje heat at that time of the pere is 
 
 fuclj in tbofeparts, that men are loth to let out their camels to trauell. Fiji's Felugia is a btllage 
 
 offomehuno?co heufes.anoaplace appointeofo? oifcljargingof fuclj gooos as come ootonc the 
 
 riuer: tlje inhabitants arc Arabians. jBotfinoing camels here, toe toereconGratneo to unlace 
 
 ourgooo3,anohireoanhunDjeDalTestocarpouri£ngIiujmarchanDifesoneIptojT2etoBabylon 
 
 otter a ujo^t oefcrt, in crofftngtoljereof toe fpcnteigbtccneljonrcstrattelltngbp night, ano part 
 
 of tlje morning, to attoio tlje great heat, 
 
 3In tljts place tohich toe crorteo ouer, flooo tlje oloe might? ct'tp of Babylon, manp oloe ruincs ^S^ 
 toljcrof are eafiip to be fcene bp oap-ligbt.tohirij 31 Iohn Eldred haueoften be Ijelo at mp gooo iea- 
 fure.hauing maoe tlj?ee bopages bettocene the neui citp of Babylon ano Aleppoouer this oefcrt. 
 ^ere alfo are pet Ganoing the mines of the oloe totoer of Babel .tobiebbeing bpon a pkine grouo 
 fcemetb a farce off ucrp great ,but the ncrerpou come to it, tlje lefler ano letter it appearctb : fun* 
 0?P times 31 Ijaue gone thither to fee it, ano fotmo tlje remnants pet flanoing aboue a quarter of a 
 mile in compaflc, ano almofl as high as the Gone-toojke of Pauls fleeple in London, but it flieto* 
 etlj much bigger. Clje bricks remaining in this mofl ancient monument be Ijalfe a paro tljicke, 
 ano tlj?ec quarters of a paro long, being Djico in the &unne onelp, ano bettoecne euerp routfe of 
 bucks there lieth a courfe of mattcsmaoe of canes, tohich rcmamc founDanotiotptriujco, as 
 though tbep bao beene lapeo toitljin one peere. 'Elje citp of jflcto Babylon iopnetlj bpon the a= JJ'to Ba( >r'o«. 
 fojfapo fmalloeferttoljcre the fflloe citp toas, anD tlje ritterof Tigris runneth clofc bnoer the ^tje'i'Jti-rt 
 toall, ano tljep map if tljep toill op en a Uua, ano let the toater of the fame runne rouno about tlje E " ! * 
 totone* 31t is aboue ttoo Gtoglitb miles in compalfe , anotbe inhabitants general!? f jjeafte th?ee 
 lanpages, to toit, tlje perGan, Arabian ano ^urkiuj tongues : tlje people are of the fepaniaros 
 eomplertott: ano t&c toomen generally tocare in oneof tbegriGlesoftljeitnofesaringltRca 
 
 Z 1 tocooing 
 
 
 1 
 
ISafte borne 
 bpon blasters 
 oitjoatsltuiio. 
 
 SelSomcMin. 
 
 ^igtitsttuma 
 
 inrjavtsionr- 
 nciMiiojebpri* 
 Ucr,fcont Baby- 
 lon to Ballara. 
 
 Curna caftle. 
 
 Ballard, 
 
 * ■ ; -^— -^ — " ■ -. 
 
 270 The Englidi Voyages,Nauigations, M.fohn Sldrecf. 
 
 toebDingrmg, but fcmevubac greater, toithapearlcanba©urkiujfione fet therein: ano tljtjS 
 thep do lie tljep neuer To poo je. 
 
 •etljis is a place of tier p great trafftque , anbaberp greattbojotofare from the Eaft Indies to 
 Aleppo. ©be totone is berp toell furnifljerj toitlj bictuais tohiclj come botone the riuer-of Tigris 
 from Moful to!;ich toas calieu Nimue in olbe time, ©hep lining tbefe bictuais ano biuers tbjts 
 of marcfjannifes bpon rafts bojne bpon goats fkinsblotoen tip ful of totnij in maner of blabbers, 
 9nu tuljen tbcp baue bifcbatgeD their goobs,thep fel tlje rafts fo ? fire,anb let the toinbont of tbeic 
 goatsfkins, ano carp them home againe bpon tljcir affesbp lano, to make other bopages ootoue 
 the riuer, ©he builbing here is mott of bjicke bn'eo in the Sun, anb berp litle o?no fione is to he 
 fount) : their Ijottfes are all flat-roofeo anti loto, ©bepbaue no ratne fo> eight moneths together, 
 no? almoff anp cloubs in tlje f hie,n;ght no } Dap, ©heir Winter is in 5ftouember,Dccember,3[a« 
 mtarp ano 4Feb?uarp,tobicb is as toarme as our Summer tit England in a maner, ©his 31 know 
 bp gooo crperience , becattfempabobe at feuerall times in this citp of Babylon bath bene atthe 
 lealt the fpace of ttoo pcres, as toe come to tbe citp , toe paHc ouer tlje riuer of Tigris on a great 
 bjtbge mane toitb boats cbaitieb together tout) ttoo mightp cljaines of pjon, jfrom thence toe oe* 
 j/arteo in flat bottomeb baths moje flrong sj greater then thofe of Euphrates, ano toere eight ant* 
 ttoentpoapesalfo in paffingbotonetljiB riuer to Balfara, but toe might haweconeit in eighteene 
 d} Ieffe,if the toatcr hao bene hig!jcr,i[Ipon cfje toaters fibc ttano bp the toap biuers tones refem« 
 blingmuch tlje names of the oIdc pjopbets : tlje firtt totone tljep call Ozeah,tj another Zecchiah. 
 iMoje toe come to Balfara bp one oapes tournep, tlje ttoo riuers of Tigris ano Euphrates meet, 
 anbthereftanbetba cafilecallco Cuma, kcptbptbe©ttrks,tohmallmarcbantspapafmallcu=> 
 Come, l[)cre the ttoo riuers iopneo together begin to be eight oj nine miles b?oao : here alfo it 
 beginneth to ebbe ano floto , ano the toater ouerflotoing maketh the countrep all about berp fet* 
 tile of come, rice, pulfe, ano bates, 'She totone of Balfara is a mile anb an Ijalfe in circuit : all the 
 builbings, cattle anb toals are mabe of bjicke ts}iiD in the Sum. ©he ©urke Ijatlj here fiuehtm» 
 D jcd 3|amfaries, befioes other fottlbiers continuallp in gartfon anb pap, but his chiefe ttrengtb is 
 of gallics toljicb are about 6ue ano ttoentp oj tbirtp berp faire ano furnifljeb toitlj gooblp ojbi-- 
 jtance. ©othispojtof Balfara come monetblp bitters ffripsfromOrmuz, laoentoitballfojtsoE 
 3InDian matchanDife, as fpices, bjugs, 3jnoico, anb Calecut clotlj, ^E-^eCe (hips are bfuallp front 
 fo?tp to t!j?eefco?e tttnnes , hatting tljetc planfes fotoeo together toith cojoe mabe of tlje barke of 
 Date trecs,ano in flcab of ©ccam tbcpbfe tlje fijiuerings dfttje barke of tlje fapo trecs,ano of the 
 fame tljep alfo make their tackling, ©hep haue no kinbeofp?ontoo?ke belonging to thefebef* 
 fcls, fatte onlp their ankers jfr*m tljis place fir oapes failing botone tlje gulfe, tljep go to a place 
 calleb Bahsrem in the mib Sap to Ormus ; tljcre thep fifb fo? pearles fotire moneths tnthe pere, 
 to toit, in 3iune, Jttlp, auguii^no September, S^p abobe in Balfara toas tufl fire monethS,bu« 
 ring toljiclj time 31 receiuebbiuers letters from M.Iohn Newberyfrem Ormus, toljo asbepaf* 
 feDtljattuaptoith her iSaietttes letters to ZelabdimEchebar king of Cambaia.gtbnto tlje migh s 
 tpemperourof China, toas traitcrouflp there arreffeb, anD all ljiScompanp,bp tlje po?tugafe, 
 anb aftertoarb fent pjiioncr to Goa .-inhere after a long anbcrueHimp?ifonment ; he anb his cdm= 
 panions toere bclittcrtb bpon fureties , not to bepart the totone toitljout leaue , at the ftite of one 
 father Thomas Steuens an Cngliuj religious man, tobicb tbepfounb there : but fbojtlp after 
 thjcEofthemefcapcb, toljereofone, to toit, M.Ralph Fitch, isfincecomeintoEngland. ©he 
 fottrthjtohich toas a painter calico lohn Story ,became religious in the college of S. Paul tnGoa, 
 as toe bnoerffooobp tljcir letters, 3) anb mp companion William Shales batting bifpatcheb out 
 bufineffe at Balfara , imbarkeb our Celtics in companp of feuentp barks all laucn toittj marchait'- 
 bife, ljautiigeucrpbarkei4mentob?atotljcm, likeour QUetterne bargemen on the Thames, 
 anb toe toere fo?tp foure oapes comming bp againfl the ffreamc to Babylon, toljcte arriuing ano 
 paping our cuftome, toe toitlj all other fo?ts of marcljants bought bs camels,hireb bs men to Iabe 
 aiibb^iuetljcm, fttrntHjeB our felucs toitlj rice, butter, bif feet, honp mabe of bates, onions anb 
 bates :aiibcuerpmarcljaittbougljtap?opo?tionofliuemuttons,anbhircbcertaineujepljearbs to 
 bjitte them toitl; bs j toe alfo bought bs tents to lie in,anB to put our gooos bnber : anb in this ouc 
 carattan toere foure tboufanb camels laben toitlj fpices anb other rich marcljanbifes, ©hefe ca« 
 mels toill liue berp toell ttoo 0? tbjee bapes toithout toatcr : their feebing is on thiffles, toojme* 
 tooob^ttag^alcnejanb other flcong toeebs tohtcb tljep finoe bpon the toap. %%t gouernment anu 
 oecibing of all quarels anobuettes to be papeb, the tuljole carauancommtttetlj to one fpeciall rich 
 marcljant of the companp, oftobprehoneflptbepconceiuebeff. 3m pairing from Babylon to A- 
 Ieppo, toe fpentfojtp bapes, trauelling ttoentp, 0} foure anb ttoentp miles a bap, retting our* 
 felttes comonlp from ttoo of tlje clocke in tlje afternoone,bntil tb?ee in the moming,at toljich time 
 toe begin to t akq our ioumep, €igljt bapes iournep ftom Babylon totoarb Aleppo, neere bnto a 
 
 totone 
 
 S>l)ip0t!it)be 
 luitljcmtpimi 
 mrtic IptiGdil 
 
 BUlff. 
 
 ZdabdfiD Eche- 
 bar king of 
 Cambaia, 
 
 SJc refnnictj) 
 from Ballaia 
 to Aleppo, 
 
 flonofUictu* 
 ale. 
 
 2C<tami!flttof 
 fotire tljoiiraiiD 
 Camels. 
 
zyi 
 
 William Garret. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 
 
 totone calico Heic,as toe crofle tije riurr.Euphraccsbpboatcs,aboiit 3 .miles from tije totou tljr re 
 is a ballep toljercin ate manp fp jings trowing out abunbantlp at great mouths, a kino of blacke 
 fubffance like bnto tarrc, tobicb feruetb all the cottntrcp to make flatufj tbcir bnrkcs ano boates : 
 euerp oneof tbeCe fp jings maketlj a noifc like bnto a femt'tbs fo;gc in tbe blotting $ puffing ottc 
 oftbismatter,tobicb neuer ceafetb nigbt no? oap.ano the noife mapbcbcaroamile offcontmual» 
 Ip.SbiiS bale ftoalotoetb bp all Ijeauie things tljat come bpon it, €lje people of tije comurcp cal it 
 tntbeir language Babil gehenham,tbatis to fap^elloooje.as tocpaffeo tbjougb t^efeocferts, 
 toe fain certaine toilo beaffs,as toilo atfea all tobice,Eoebucks,toolfes,leoparbsIforcs,anD manp 
 ljares,tobereof toe cljafco anb killeo manp ♦ Aborife t(je king of the toanojing Arabians in 1 befe 
 Deferts^atb aoutie of 40,1s, tterling.bpon euerp Camels lobe,tobicb be fcnoetlj tt0 officers to rc= 
 ctim of the Carattans, ana in con&oeration bereof, be taketb bpon bim to conouct tbe fapo Cara* 
 uans if tbcp neco bis IjeIpe,ano to oefenb tljem againff certaine pjotoling tljicues, 31 ano mp com- 
 panion William Shales came ta Aleppo toitbtheCarauaiitijceleueiubcfjune, 1 y 84, tobere ... 
 toe tocre topfullp rccetuco 2o.milcs oil! ant from tije totone bp 3g, William Barret our Confull, <mhdm X" 
 accompaniebtoitlj bis people anosianiffaries, tobofellfickeimmcoiatcl? anooepartee this life !S r v-| E ' 
 tottbtn8,wpe0aftcr ) anb electee before bis DeatbSp^Amhonie Bate Conful of our Cnglt(bna= ' "'"' 
 ttoit in hiss place, tobo lauoablp fupplieo tbe fame robme 3 .pecreg. 3jn toijiclj meane time,3i mane ®*j I'm?'* 
 ttoo bopagesmoje unto Babylon,ano returnee bp tbe toap afo?efapo,ouer tbe ocferts of Arabia. b^'io" 8 c t0 
 9no aftertoaros,a0 one Deftrous to fee other parts of tbe counttcp, 31 tocnt from Aleppo to An ti- 
 och,tohicb is thence 6o,<£ngli(lj miles,ano from thence tocnt ootone to Tripolis, tobere going a-- 
 
 boojb a fmall bcffell, 31 arriueo at loppe.anO trauellCO to Rama, Lycia, Gaza,Ierufalem, Bcth- 
 
 lecm.to the riucr of lordan.ann tbe fea 0? lake of Zodome,ano retumeo backe to Ioppe, $ from 
 tbence bp fea to Tripolis,of tobicb places becaufe manp others baue publiffjeo large bifcoutfes, 31 
 furceafc to tojite.ailttbmfetobapejiafterimbarkingmpfi'lfe at Tripolis the 22, of December, 
 31 amuco(<3oo be tbankco) in fafetp bere in the riuer of Cljames toith bincrs Cnglifb marefcats, 
 tbe 2<5,of Search, 1 588411 tbe Hercules of London, tobicb toagthe richeff il;tp of €mgli(b mate 
 chants gooos tljat euer toas knotoen to come into this realme* 
 
 The money and meafures o£Bah)lon, Balfara } a.tid the Indies ,with 
 the cuftomes,&c. written from Aleppo in Syri^Aft.iyS^, by M..WM. Barret. 
 
 BABYLON: 
 
 The weight,meafurc,and money currant there,and the 
 cuftomes of merchandize. 
 £©atta of Babylon is of Aleppo 1 roue 5 ounccsanoaljalfc: ano 61 manas unit 
 tijjee feuentb parts.make a quintall of Aleppo,tobicb is 494 It. 8 ounces of Lon- 
 don! ano loomaitas is a quintall of Babylon, tobicb s maketh in Aleppo 146 
 1 roues,anb of London 722 Ii, ano fo much is tbe fapo quintall: but tbe marcljantiS 
 r acco?b is bp fo much tbe mana,anb in tbe fapo place tbcp bate the tare in all fojtjs of 
 tomnwbities.accojbing to tije ojber of Aleppo touching tije tare, 
 
 ■Eljemeafttrc ofBabylon is greater then that of Aleppo 2 1 in \> 1 ob.jf 0? bringing 100 pikes 
 of anp mcafttrable toare front Aleppo tbttber,tbcre is fomib but 8 2 pikes tit Babylon, fa that tbe 
 1 00 pikes ofBabylon is of Aleppo 121 pikcs,berplttleleuc. 
 
 Hbe currant monp of Babylon are ig>ates, tobicb !§>ap is 5 mebines,asm Aleppo, ano 40 me* 
 bines being 8 giates make a ouckat currant, ano 47 incomes yafle in balueas tbe dttckatof 
 golb of Vcnice.ano tbe Oollars of tije bcQ fo?t are toojtb 3 3 mcoines, ®be roials of plate arc folo 
 bptbe iooo?ams atpnTe,accojDtngastbcpbemrequetl: butamongttt!jemarc'jantstbepbar= 
 gaine bp tbe 1 00 mctrals,tobicb are 1 50 o?ams of Aleppo,tobicb 1 5 o o?ams are 1 3 y Cngle ro£= 
 als of plate : but in tije mint a? cattle,tbcp take tbe bp tije 1 00 o?ams, toljicb is 9° rosals of plate, 
 ano tbofe of tbe mtntgtuc 5 meoinesletfe in each 100 ojams then tljep are tooojclj tobz fold a= 
 mong the marcbants,ano make paiment at the rerme of 40 napes in shapes. 
 
 %l)e cuttomc in Babylon,as toel tntoaro as outtoarD.is in tin's ntaner : S>mall toarcs at 6 per 
 1 oo,£ojal ano amber at 5 ano a balfe per 1 oo.Venice clotb, Englifh clotb,KctGes, ^ockairs, 
 CbambIcts,^)tlks,51eluets,Damafks,g)attinsffucblikeat 5 per 100: jtbep rate the 50000 
 tojtljottt reafon as tbep lull tbemfelues. Cbc ?Coafo, 15oabo,anD otljcr eractions 6 mesines per 
 bale.all tobicb tljep pap pjefentlp in reaop monp.accojoing to tbe cuff ome ano bfe of tbe crnpero?. 
 ®otbeCrmmoftbemintpo?Dmaricbfeistogiue3og)aiesincurt£ite J otbertoifebetooulo 
 lip autbojitie of bis office come aboojo,? foj oefptgljt make futh fearclj in the batke,tljat Ije tooulo 
 
 tunic all tljmgs touGc ttinite, 
 
 BAL- 
 
 &fe 
 
zyz The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations P William Harm, 
 ~ BALSARA: ~~ 
 
 The weight,meafure,and money in the citie of Balfara. 
 
 A8g)aviaof Balfaraanftoercth 5 roues 2 ounces? a halfe of Aleppo toeight, 9 lomanas ana 
 one 4 part of Balfara,anftiKretb the quintallof Aleppo,tohiclj is 494 reucs, 8 owices €n- 
 gliftj,anD 20 manas is the quinta.ll of Balfara,toljich is 1 04 Slepu»,ano of London 5 14 US cu-- 
 ces,am> fo much is the fapo quintall.but tlje merchants bargaine at fo much the mana 0? toolfcne 
 (tobich is all one) ano thep abate the tare in eucrp mana,as the fojt of fptce is^ne the ojber taken 
 therefore in that place, 
 
 Che meafure of Balfara is calico a pike, tobich is tuft as the meafttre of Babylon, to rap, 1 00 
 pikes of Balfara make of Aleppo 1 2 1 ptfces,vt fupra .in the rate of Babylon. 
 
 Che currant monp of Balfara is as foiotoeth.Cbere is afbjt offittffeg of copper calleb Eftiui, 
 tohereof 1 2 make a mamcDiue, toljicb is tbebalue of one memne aieppine, tbefato mamebine is 
 of filuer.bauing the Cpojefco ftampe on botlj floes,anD ttoo of the fc make a oanmc,toljtch is 2 me* 
 lines aieppine, 
 
 •erfcefAto oauine is of filttcrjjauingthc ^urhcfco flampeonboth Goes, $ 2 ana a halfe of thefe 
 make a <§>aie,to[jich is in balue a the si>ate of Aleppo. 
 
 Che fain ©ate is of the RmtlituDe ano flampe of Aleppo, heino; (as appeares) Co cfli'ues, 8Kb 
 one &ap ano 20 eKiuesmafec alarine,tobich is of Aleppo monep 6 meDincsanoahalfe, 
 
 Cbefapolarineisafltange piece of monep, not being rouno as all other currant monep in 
 Chntttanitie,bttt is a fmall roo of flitter of the greatneflc of the pen of a goofe feat bet ,tu!jc r etoitbj 
 toe bfe to to) ite,ano in length about one eight part thereo^toljicb is to jefleo, fo that the ttoo c nos 
 meet at the iufl halfe part,ano in toe beao thereof is a flampe Cttrkefro,ano thefe be tlje beft cur* 
 cant monep in all tlje lndias,ano 6 of thefe larines make a oucnat, tohicb is 40 mectnes 0; eight 
 j&aies of Aleppo, 
 
 Cheouckatofgolois moojtlj there 7 larines, ano one rjanine, tohiclj is of Aleppo monep 48 
 incomes ano a halfc, 
 
 Che Venetian monep iS toOJth larines 28 per 1 00 meticalS, toljtch IS 1 5 o D?amS Of Aleppo, 
 vt fupra. 
 
 Che rotate of plate are too? th 8 8 larines bp tlje 1 00 mettcals, ? albeit among the marchants 
 thep fel bp the 1 00 meticals,pet in rbemintoj: caflle,thep fel bp the 100 oj ams,bauing there letfe 
 then the hjojtfj 5 mcoitics in each Ijunojeo D?ams, ano haue tljcir paiment in 40 oapes maoe them 
 in &atts } larines, 
 
 Che cutleme of the fain plaecs,aftocll intearu as onttoaro,are alike of aft fo?ts of gooos,to fa? 
 dbptlje ioo,anti'Coafo ) T5oabo J $fcrtuEnmeDinfS6bpthebaleintoarD gsouttoaro,tofap, 3 in* 
 toaro,ano as much outtoaro : but tobo fo Ieaueth his goons in the cuflome houfe paieth noting, 
 inhere othertoife at the taking thereof atoap s he ujoulo pap 3 meo.bp tlje ba!e,ano of the faio gooDjs 
 there is no other outp topap, ano this commctlj to paffe toljethe cuflomers eflecmc the gooes too 
 high.ff ? in fuclj a cafe tl;ep map be rj jiucn to tafee fo mud; commobitie as the cuflome amountetrj 
 to,ano not to pap them in monep.foj fuch is the jrjer from tljeGrand Signior. 
 
 ^)auing pain tlje cnttomc,tt bebouetb to haue a quittance 0} cocket fealeo ano firmen toith tfie 
 cuflomers hano,in confirmatio of the nifpatch ann ticaring,anii before Departure thence, to caufe 
 th e fapn cuflomer to caufc fearch 1 be mace,to the eno that at tlje boiages reiurne there be.no ca* 
 uillatton mabe^as it oftentimesljappenetlj, 
 
 |5ote that 1 00 mettcals of Balfara toeigh 1 7 ounces ano a halfe fotttle Venetian,anB of Alep- 
 po U;iams 1 50,vt fupra. 
 
 Clje fratght of tlje barkesfrom Ormuz to Balfara,3I tooulb fap fromBalfara to Ormuz, the? 
 pap accojoing to tlje grcatneffe thereof, Co fap, fo? cariage of 1 o cares 1 80 larines, thofe of 1 5 
 cares 27olarines,thofc of 20 cares 3 60 larines,thofe of 3 ocares 540 larines, Jftote that a cara 
 is 4 quintals of Balfara, Cljcp pap alfo to tlje pilot of tlje barke fo; his otone cartage one care, ano 
 to all the refl of tlje mariners amongfl them 3 cares f raigbt.toljich is in tlje toljole 4 cares,ano pap* 
 tng the abouefapn p?ifes anb fraigh"ts,thep are at no charges of btctuals toith tljem,liut it is requi* 
 Ctc tljat the fame be occlarcb in the charter partie,toith the condition that tljeplaoe not aboop one 
 rotilomo?ctbcntbcfratgljt, bnnerpainestljatfinotngmoje in Ormuz, ittsfo?feit, anobtfioes! 
 tljat to pap tlje fratgljt of that tohiclj tljep hatte Ianen. 
 
 &no in tljts accojo tt bcrjbuetlj to beale toariIie,ano in tlje pjefence of the Crmin 0? fome otljec 
 Ijonefl man (tohereof tljere are but feto) fu? thep are tlje too?flpeaple in all Arabia. 3nb t&is Dili* 
 gencc mufl be put in erccutid, to tlje enn tlje barks map not be ouerlaben, becaufe thep are to palfe 
 maup fatlDS bettoijet Balfara anb Ormuz, 
 
 ORMVZ: 
 
M.lVill.'B arret. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 273 
 
 ORMVZ: 
 
 The weight,meafure,and money currant in the kingdom of Ormuz : 
 
 Slices arm &?ugs thep toeigb bp the bar,ano of euerp fo?t of 50005 the toetgtjt is Different. Co 
 fap.of fomenjugs ? qutntals,anD 3 erubio? tatiCB,auD otljcr fonic 4 quintals 25 rotiloes,ano 
 pec botlj ts calleo a batre,tohicb barrc ,as incll great as lit Ie,te 20 frafoli, arte euerp ftafoll is 1 o 
 manas, ano euerp mana 2 3 cbianG,anD euerp crjtanfo 1 o meticals ano a balfe , j3ote that euerp 
 quintal! maketh 4 erubi 0; roucs,anD euerp roue 3 2 rot ilocjs.tj euerp rotilo 1 6 ounccs,ano euerp 
 ouiice 7 meticals,fo that thequintall commethto be 1 28 ronloes, tobicbis &leppmc 26 rotiloes ^5 ata totaa 
 ano one tbiro part, tobfeh is 1 32 li.englifh tocight.Snocontrarptoifcp^uintalof Aleppo (toljicfj 
 is 494 rotiloes 8 ounces engltuj) maketb. 477 rotiloes ano a balfe of Ormuz,tobich is 3 quintals 
 2 roues, 29 rotiloes and a balfe, 
 
 tflotetbatt&crcarc bars ofbiuersbJcights,vtrupraXtubicbtbcpbarpineftrrrplp, acco?oing 
 to the fo?t of commol)itie,but if tbep bargame of tbe great barre.the fame is 7 quintals ano 24 ro» 
 tiloes.tobtcb is 95 « li<9 ounces of London toeigbt,anbof Aleppo 19; rotiloes anoabalfc. 
 
 ■Coucbmg tbcmonep of Ormuz, tljep bargaine in marchanoi^e at fo manp lecbes bp tlje barre, 
 tobitb leclj is 1 00 afanes,ano maketlj larines 1 00 9 a balfe,toljiclj maketlj paroaos 3 8, 5 larines 
 one balfc,at larines 5 bp tbe parbao.2Dne afarie is faoincs 1 o,ano euerp faDinc is 1 oo.oanaric, 
 
 Cbe larinc is toojtlj 5 faomes ano one fourth part,fo tljat tbe faoine is too?uj of Aleppo menp 
 1 income ano 1 fourth part,; the larine asm Balfara toojth of Aleppomonp6meoinesfrahalf, 
 
 VL\)Z paroao is j larines of Balfara. 
 
 Cbcre isalfoflampco in Ormuz a feraphineof golD,tohich is IitleanorounD,anD is toojth 24 
 faoines, tohiclj maketlj 30 meoines of Aleppo, 
 
 Che Venetian monp is too?tb in Ormuz larines 8 8 per 100 meticals, gt the totals arc too?ttj 
 larines 86 leffc one faoine, tohicb is euerp thotifanD meticals, 3 82 afures: but tljofc that bill not 
 fel them,bfe to melt tljem.anD make tbcm fo manplarincs in tbe king of Ormuz bis mmt,toberc* 
 bp tbep cleare 2 per 1 oo,anD fometohat mo?e:ano this tljep Doe becaufe neither Venetian money 
 no? roials run as currant in Ormuz,per aouifie, . 
 
 Che meafure of Ormuz is of 2 fo?ts,the one calleb cobo tohich tncreafeth bpon the meafure of 
 Aleppo 3 per ioo.fo? bringing ioopikcs of anp meafurable toares from Aleppo toOrmuz,itis 
 founo in Ormuz to be 103 cooes, aifbtljefemeafuresofOrmuzincreafebpon thofe of Balfara 
 anb Babylon 2 ? ano ttoo tbiro parts per 1 00 : fo? banging 1 00 pikes of anp meafurable toares 
 from Balfara 0? Baby lon,tbrre is founo in Ormuz 125 cooes ano ttoo tbiro parts, 
 
 Che other meafure is calico a bare,tohich bias fent from tbe king of Portugall to tlje India.bp 
 tobjeb tbep fell things of fmall balue, tobicb meafure is of 5 palmcs 0? fpans, ano is one cooc ano 
 ttoo tbiro parts,fo that buping 1 00 cooes of anp meafurable toares.ano returning to meafure it 
 bp tbefapo toarc,thete are founo but 60 bares,contrarptoite 100 bares make 1 66 sooes ano ttoo 
 tbiro parts. 
 
 jSote that al fuch frjips as labe bo?fcs in Ormuz fo? Goa 0? anp other place of India.laoing 1 o 
 bo?feso?rjptoaros,tntohac places fbeuerthefaioho?fcs be taken afljo?e in the India, trje marcb> 
 Dfce tob'.chis to beDifchargeoout of that (hip toljerein tlje raiDho?frscome,arebounD to pap no cu» 
 Come at all,but if tljep lace one ho?felelTe ttjen cen,tljcn the gooosare bounb to pap the tobole cu= 
 ttome,9no this lato toasmaoe bp Don Emanuel king of Portugall,but it is to be oiligentlp foie- 
 feenctobit^er all tbofeho^fes laoen be bouno to pap tbe king his cutiome : fo? manp times bp tlje 
 king of Portugall rjts cctmnanoement, tljere is fauour fljetoeo to the king of Cochin bis brother 
 in armes,fo tljac his ijorfes tljat come in tbe fame (hip,are not to anftoe?e cuQome, 9s for e r am- 
 ple s 3 f there lucre 4 ljo?fcs laoen in one fl;ip, all iuljiclj tuc re to ij«p cuficinc to tlje king, ano one 
 other oftbekmgofCochinstobtcbtoerenottopap anp cuflome, thefame caufctb allthemar- 
 t^anoije of that (hip to befubiecc to pap cuttome,per aouifc,T6ut if tljep laoe ten borfes bpon pur» 
 pole to pap tbe king bis cufiome in Goa, ano in tbebopage anp of tljem fijoulb Die in that cafe, if 
 tbep bring the taile of tlje ocao horfe to the cuflome in Goa, then the marcbanoi^e i&ftee from all 
 cuffome,becaufetbeptoerelaoeiunOrmuztopapculiomeinGoa.9po?eouer,iftbeborfeBfijoulD 
 Die before the mioft of tlje bopage,tbcp pap no cuflome at all.anD if tljep Die in tlje mios of t he bop- 
 age,tljen tbep pap balfe cuflome,butifanpljorfeDie after the miobotage.tljep pap cuflome no leffe 
 t^en if tljep arriuefafe.j(3ottottljttanDing,tbemerchanDiaieCtoljetljer tlje faioljorfes Die before 0? 
 fa tlje into bopage or after tlje mio botage) are free from all cuflome. . 
 
 'EbectiflomeofOrmuzis eleuen in tbe 1 00^0 fap, 10 for tlje king, ano 1 fojthe arming of 
 the foifts : but fo? fmall toarcs asglau"es,anDlookingglau"es of all fo?ts,ano fuclj like, mate fo? 
 appareH,paptto cuflome, 15ut clotb of Caooll, lSarttes,^otkaites, Cljamlets,ano all fo?tcs of 
 
 &ilke, 
 
274. The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, M.WitttB arret* 
 
 g>tlke,g>affron,am> fuel; ltke,pap cuttome,being etteemeb reaConablp. 
 
 %\)ite is alfo another cuaome.tohicb tljep call caioa,tobicb is,tbat one bringing &is gooos in« 
 to Ormuz,tottb purpofe to feno p fame further into India, the fame are bofto to pap 3 bp the 1 00, 
 but none other are bouno to pap t&is cuflome,ejccept the Arraenians,Moores,anD Icwcs: foi the 
 Portugals ant> Venetians pap nothing thereof, 
 
 j|2ote p in Ormuz the? abate tare of all fojts of commooittes.bp an oj&er obfcrueD of cuttome, 
 
 Che ftaigljt from OrmuztoChaul,Goa,ano Cothin.is as folotoetb:Spokaires larines 6 per 
 table of 60 ptkes^quariofa 8 latincs bp ojoinarie chitt, raifins 1 o bp cbtlr,tobtcl) 10 a quintall of 
 roues 1 2 8 . Hutria of Chalangi latines 1 o per quintan,glafTes larines 8 per cbifl,of 4 foot e anD 
 a halfe, glattes ingreat cbifls 14? 1 j larines bp cbtfl. Small toares larines 1 2 bp cbiff cf fine 
 foot.Camari foj Spafchat faoines 2 ann a balf,ano 3 bp the farole. Cnmarie for Diu ano Chaul 
 4 faoines,and 4 ano a balfe bp bale. iDther oiugs ano things lnhicb come from Perfia pap accoi* 
 Ding to the greatnclle of tlje bales. 
 
 Che fratght mentioneo, thep pap a? appearetb, tohen t&ep ujip the fapo gooos in tbips tohere 
 Ijoifes goe : othertoifc.not hauing bo jfes,thep pap fometobat leffe,becaufe of the euttom lubicij 
 thep are to pap. 
 
 Cbebfeof the Iodiafbipsis.tbattljepatrones thereof are not at anp charge neither toitbaup 
 palTenger.no? pet toitb anp mariner in the Ibip, but that euerp one at tlje beginning of the bopage 
 Boe furntfl) to maintains bis otane table (if he toill eat e) ano fnj oiinke thep baue a great iarre of 
 toater,\>Jljich is garoeo toitb great cirftooie, 
 
 GOA. 
 
 The weight,meafure,and money currant inGoa. 
 
 Tfyt quintal! of Goa is 5 manas,amj 8 larines, $ tbe mana is 24 rotifos, fo that the quintall 
 of Goa is 1 28 rot.ano euerp rot.is 1 6 ounces, totneb is of Venice torigbt 1 li,ano a halfe, 
 fo that the quintal! of Goa is 192 U,fotilc Venice,tui)lcb is 26 rotiloes 8 ounces aicppiHe,anoof 
 London toeight 1 ?2li.Cngli(rj,astbetoeigljtof Ormuz. 
 
 911 the marchanoi?e,fpices ano Biugs,arc Colo bp this quintal ,crcept fome Biugs.aslignu de 
 China,GaIanga,$ otbers,tobereof thep bargaine at fo much per canoill,aBuertiltngtbat there be 
 ttuo foits of canoijl.one of 1 6 manas.tbe other of 20 manas.that of 1 6 manas commeth to be tall 
 3 qutntals,anDthatof 20 manas, 3 quintals,? roues.tflote that 4 roues make a quintall, ann tbe 
 roue is 32 rotiloes.as in Ormuz. 
 
 Chere is alto another tocigljt tohiclj tljep call Sparco, tobicl) is eigljt ounces 01 rjalfe a ro t ilo of 
 Goa,gt 9 ounces of Venice fotiU: toitfe this thep tocigh amber,coiall,mH(ke J ambiacan, ciutt, ano 
 otberfinetoares. • 
 
 Chere is alfo another fo?t of toetght calleo SpangiallinOjtoHich is 5 grauusof Venice toet'gfje 
 ano tbcretoitb thep tocigboiamantsanBotljerietocls, 
 
 |2ote trjatm Goa thep bfe not to abate anp tare of anp gooBs,ercept of facks 0? toiaps,flt ther* 
 foie icrequiretb greataotiifementtnbupingof the gooos, efpeciallp in the mufke of Tartaria 
 tahich commc tl) bp toap of China in blaooers.ano fo toeigb it luitrjout anp tare rebating. 
 
 Che mcafure of Goa is calleo a tooe.Uihich encreafeth bpon the meafure of Babylon 5 Balfa- 
 ra after the rate of 1 7 9 one eight part bp the 1 oo,fo that bringing 1 00 pikes of anp meafurable 
 toare from thence to Goa,tt is founo 117 pikes 7 eight parts,ano banging 1 00 cooes from Or- 
 muz to Goa,there is founo but 9 3 cooes ants one fourth part. 
 
 Cbere is alfo tbe bare in Goa,iobicb is iutt as the bare of Ormuz,anb tberetott^ thep meafure 
 onelp things that are of fmalliwlue. 
 
 #oj the monp of Goa.tbere is a kino of monp maoe of lean auo tin mtngleo, being tbt'eke ami 
 routto ,ano flampeo on the one Roe tnith the fpljcare } globe of the ttio?lD,ano on the other fine tino 
 arrobies 9 5 rounos : ano, this kino of monp is calleb Bafaruchi,anti 1 5 of tbefe make a btnton of 
 naughtpmonp.ano 5 bintonsmakeatanga,anb4biutenasmakeatangaofbafemonep: fo that 
 the tangaof bafemonp is do bafanichics ; anD the tangaof gooomonp 75 bafarucbics,9 y tangas 
 make a feraphine of golD.tobicb in marchannije is too } t lj ; tangas goon monep : but if one to oulu 
 change them into bafarttchies. he mapbaue 5 tangas, ano 1 6 bafarucbies,tobicb ouerplus thep 
 cal cerafagio,* toben thep bargain of the parbato of golD.cacbpar oato is ment to be 6 tangas good 
 monp,but in marcbanbrje thep bfe not to oemautis paroatocs of goto in Goa, ercept it be fo; ieto- 
 els ano ho?fes,foj all the red thep take of feraphuts of filtier,per aduiib. 
 
 %ty roials of plate,31 fap,the roial of 8 are too?tb per cuflome 9 commanbement of the ktng^of 
 Portugall 400 reies, aim euerp rep is one bafatucbie f one fourth part, tobicb maketb tangas <5, 
 
 anu 
 
 j^etttftat* 
 rones matte a 
 
 trumtais. 
 
 SplllKeofTir. 
 uiia by j U)B2 
 Of China. 
 
MWtllfB arret. Traffiques,and Difcouenes* 275 
 
 ano s 3 bafantcljtcG as tljcir iutt ualuc, { but foj tljat tije tt»to rotais are cjcccHcnt filuer anD currane 
 
 in Bitters places cftbe India,ano cbteflp in Malacca,tobe tlje fljips are to Depart at tljcir cue times 
 (calico Sponfons) etterpone toljatte t^e faio rotais pap mo;e then tbep are too;tb, gttbeouerplus, 
 as isabouefato tljep callfetafagio,3nD firtt tijep giue $ iutt baluc of the i oo rotais of 8, at 5 tan- 
 gas 50 bafarucbies a piece, tetjicb cone, tljepgtueferapbin!35,<5,7,8 ; s> } io,i2,i5 3 V)ntiU 22bp 
 tfoe 1 oo,arco;pttig as tbep are in rcqucfl. 
 
 Cbe ottckat of goto is too;tb 9 tangas ano a half e goon monep, ano pet not liable in p;ice, foj 
 that toljen the fijips Depart from Goa to Cochin, tljep pap tljem at 9 tangas ano 3 fourth partes, 
 ano iotangas,ano tljat is tlje mofl that tbep are tooo;cb. 
 
 tZLlje Urines are tooo;tij bp ittff Dalue bafarucbies 91 ano 3 fourth parti6,anD 4 latincs mafce a 
 fetapbineof u"lucr,tobicljis 5 tangas of gooD monep, ano tbefealfobaueferafagionof 6,7,8,10, 
 BntiUi6,bptbeioo,fo?toljCntljeujipsDepartfojtljCj9o?£b,tofap,fojChaul,Diu,Cambaia,oj 
 Baffaim, all carp of tbe fame,bccaufe it is monep nioje currant then anp other. . 
 
 ■&ljere is alfo a fo;t of ferapljins of golo of tlje flampe of Ormuz,tDbc«of tljere are hut fetoe in 
 Goa, but being tlje rc,tljcp are woojclj fittc latincs ano fcmctoljat mo;e, accojoing as tljep are in 
 tequett. 
 
 Cljere is alfo anotber litle fojc of monp,vounD,hatttng on tbe one Gee a crolTe, ano on the ctljet 
 Ode a crotone, tobiclj is luoojtb one balfe a tanga of gooo monep, ano anotber of tbe fame flampe 
 leue tljcn t bat toljielj tlje p call Imiciuo de buona moneda,tobicIj is too ;tfo 1 8 bafarurljes 3 fourtbj 
 parts a piece. 
 
 Bote tb.it if amanbargaine in marcljanOKe ,ft bchoouetlj to oemauno tangas of gooo monep? 
 fo } bp nomtn wing tangas onelp, is bnDerttooo to be bafe monep of 00 bafarucljcs,tobiclj toant t tlj 
 of tlje gone monep vt fupra. 
 
 %\)t cufluine of Goa is 8 in tlje 1 00 intoaro, ano as mucb ottttoaro, ano tbe gooos are eflee 2 
 Ittco tttttlp rather to tlje marcljants aouantage tben tlje kings, ^bz cuflome tljep pap in tljis o;oer» 
 Gommingu)it!jalbipfromOrmuztoGoaniitboutljo?fes, tbeppapSintbe 1 00 toljctljer tljep 
 fell part 0^ all,but it tbep tooulo catie of tbe fapo marebsnotfe to anp otljer place,tljep pap none o» 
 tljcr ctiftcm;,crccpt otljers bttp it ano carte it foojtij of tlje count rep, at; D tljen tljep pap it 8 in tbe 
 loo.ano ifonebauingpaieo tbe cuflome fyoutofeftto another toitlj compofittonto pafleicfo;tfj 
 asfo; bis proper accounts to fane tlje cuflome.tljis map notbe,becaufe tlje feller is put to bis otb, 
 tobctber be fetto tlje gooos fo; bis otone accounts; fo; tbe account of anp otljers that (jatte bought 
 tbefame,anobcingfottnototbecontrarp, tbeppap cuflome as aboUefaiD . Snttmtbis ojoerttje 
 marcbantspap of all tlje gooos toljiclj come from anp patt of tlje Indies. "But if tbep come from 
 Ormuz to Goatoitbbo?fcs» trjepare not fubiectto pap anp cuflome intoatD, nottoichfiauDing if 
 tljep feno all 0; anp part thereof fo; anp otljer place,o; returne it to Ormuz, tbep pap tbe cuflome 
 outtoaiD.altbougbJbcpcoulonotfell. - •■; _ ■• 
 
 CbcpbfeaifoinGoa amongfl tljecommonrojttobargautefo; eoales,toooo, lime ? fuel) like, 
 at fo manp b;aganines,aceounting 24 bafarucbes fo; one tyaganincalbeit tljere is no fucb mong 
 fiampeD.^bc cuflome of tlje Portugals i&tljat anp Moore 0; Gentile,of toljat condition 0; flate 
 foeuec be be,tmp not Depart from Goa to go toitbut tbe lano,rjoitljout licence of certaine Deputies 
 DeputeD fo; tljat orTice,tobo(>f tljep be Moores 0; Gencilesjooe fet a feale bpon tbe arme, bauing 
 tljereon tbe amies of Porcugal,co beknotoen of tbe posters of tlje ctttejtoljctljer cfjeg bme tlje fata 
 ltcenceo;no, ..-^.z' 
 
 COCHIN. 
 
 The vveigh't,rneafure,and money,currant in Cochin. 
 
 Atl tbe marcljanoife tobiclj t#p fell 0; bup toitbin tlje fapo citte,tbep bargatne fo? it at fo ma< 
 np fcrafines pcrquintal.tobicljis 1 28»rotilo!S of iutt tocigljt toitlj tjquintall $totiloofGoa 
 ano Ormuzraottertiflng that tbereareDiuersfojtisof bars accopitngto tbe fo;t0 of tommooitfess, 
 ano in tratrtquiug.tbeprea&n at lb mucb tlje bar. J5ote tljat there are bars of 3 quintals 9 3 q«m* 
 tals ano ba!fe,ano 4 quintals. %ty$ abate a bfeo tare of ail mawbanoije,aeco;oing to tlje fo;t of 
 gooos,ano o;oer taken fo? the fame, b 
 ■^bemearureofGoaanD Cochin are all one. ( ■ ' 
 
 €lje monep of Cochin are ail tbe fame fo;t tobtch aw currant in Goa,btit tfje tatckat of golo 
 inbalueis 10 tangas of gooo monep. • ■"■''■'- ' : '.'• 
 
 Clje cuflome of Cochin asitoelintoaro as outtoaro fo^Ilttra^geW.ia^igbttntbe h«no;eOs 
 buttboletljatrjauerjeneraarmB foBte j?«w intljexi>unt«pyapl)utfeuKintherjunD;eD, per 
 
 fluuiio* . ^ . 
 
 MALA- 
 
Z7 6 The Englifh Voy ages,Nauigations, M. Will JB arret. 
 ' "" MALACCA. ~~^ 
 
 The weighc,meafure,and money of Malacca. 
 
 F© j tbe maccbanDife bougbt ano folo in tbe citietEjcp reckon at fo mucb t&e bane, to&tcfc barre 
 is of outers fo;rts,grcat ano fmall,accojt>ing to tbe ancient cuttomeof tbe faio cities oiuerGtie 
 of tlje eooDs.^ut fo? tlje cloucg tl;e? bargaine at fo muc^tbc barrc, tol)ic& bacw fe 3 quintals!, % 
 roues ami 1 o rotilos, 9s 31 Ijaue abouefaio, all kino ofejugiB bane tbeir fo jts of barres limiteo* 
 jftote tbat euerp quintal i*4 roues,ano euerp roue 3 2 rotilcS, tobicb is 1 a8 toctlo0t|je quintaH, 
 tbe tob<c& anfuoeretb to Aleppo oy rotilos,ano to London 472 li.per quintal. 
 
 'ftbemeafures of Malacca are as tbemeafures of Goa.3in Malacca t&rp abate tare aeeoputg 
 to tbeir otCinccion ano agceement,foj tljat tbere is no iuO tare limiteo. 
 
 Ifo? tbe monep of Malacca, tljr IcaOt monep currant is of tinne dampen toitb tbe armes of Por- 
 tugall 3 ano 1 2 of tbefe make a Chazza. 
 
 Cbe Chazza is alfo of tinne Uiitb tbe fain armes,ano 2 of tbefe make a challainc* 
 
 Clje Challaine is of tinne toitlj tlje faio atmes,ano 40 of tljele ma&e a tanga ofGoa goon mo* 
 nep,bucnot dampen in Malacca. 
 
 €l)er«isalfoafo?toffiIuermoneptobitbtbepcanPatachines^n6istoo?tb5tanftjaSofgooB 
 monep,toI)ic!; is 3 60 repes.ano is flampeo toitfc ttto letters, S. T. tobicb is S.Thomas on tbt one 
 GDe,ano tbe acmes of Porcugall on tbe otber Goe. . 
 
 Cfjerc is alfo a kino of manp calleo cruzados ttampeo toitfc tlje armes of Portugall.n; fe toojtfr 
 6 1 angas gooo monp,t \)t Iar in es ace cue tp 9 of tbem too }t Ij 2 cruzados, tobtclj is 1 2 tangas goon 
 monep,ano tbefe larincs be of tbofe tobitb are flampeo in Ball ara ano Ormuz. 
 
 Cbe roials of 8 tbep call Pardaos de Realcs,antj ace toojtb 7 tangas of gooo monep* 
 
 %\jt cuQome of Malacca is i o ttt tlje ioo as Uiclintoaro as3outtoart>,ano tbofe tobjiebpap tbe 
 cuflome intoaros, if in cafe tbep feno tbe fame goons f 0; anp otber place toitbin terme of a f cere 
 ano a nap, papno cuftome fo^tbe fame* 
 
 A note of charges from jfkfto to Goa^s foloweth. 1 
 
 *® i.Dy t&e €«. TJ©j catlttlS from Aleppo to Birrha, 
 mmmttn. Jfjfojmule^fwm Aleppo to Birrha, 
 JfO^CUBome at Birrha,' 
 JFo? Auania of tlje Cady at Births, 
 jFo? 4&ifbeS raiGns,ano 2opounosfopf, 1 
 lFo?apjefcnttot&eCrmme tbe fumme of 
 iFo j a barke of 3 o oj 3 y fommes.Duc.6o is; 
 jTo? meat fo? tbe men tbe fumme of 
 jf oj cuQome at Racca tbe fummeof 
 5Fo? 3 platters of raiGns,ano 1 y pounosof fope* 
 jFo? cuffome to king Abor'rffeijDuc.ao.is 
 4F0 j cuttome at Dca tbe fumme of 
 ^oj40ityestaiGns,an0 2o.pounnsoffope. 
 IF 0? cuff omc at Bofara,tbe fumme of 
 iFoj 20t{besraiGnS,ano iopounooffope, 
 tfot cuttomein Anna,in 1 opcr fumme, 
 fo) 4 oifljesof ratGns.ano 20 pounnoffope, 
 IfojcuGomein Adite.medines 10 per barke, 
 jFo? 2 oifljes ratGns,ano 1 o pounn of fope, 
 IftycuGomeatGwekc, 
 £01 2 oiujes raiGns,ann 20 pounn of fope, 
 IFojcuffomeinlft, 
 
 5F0 } 4 platters caiGns,amj 20 pbuno of fop*, 
 Cbarges of pjefents atFelugia, 
 |Fo? camels fcomFelugia to Babylon, 
 ' if o? cuftome in Baby lon,as in tbe booke appearetb, 
 iFo? a barkefromBabylon to Balfara, 
 foi cuQomeof fmall mares,at Gorno, 
 Sto} cuGomeofclotbesat Corno,tbe fumme of 
 Jfo? 3 oiujes raiGns,ano so pounn of fope, 
 
 j . — 
 
 Medines cooper * fomme. 
 
 med.4y.pcrlomme. 
 
 med.io.per fomme 0j 
 
 med.200,': 
 
 med.jy, 
 
 med«40o. 
 
 med,3400,perbark& 
 
 med.200. 
 
 med.y.per fomme* 
 
 med2y.; 
 
 med.8oo» 
 
 med.230,perbatkc« 
 
 med.jy. 
 
 med.io.perbarke* 
 
 med.17, 
 
 med.io.peribmme.' 
 
 med.3y.j 
 
 med,lo»perbarke* 
 
 med.^. 
 
 med.io.perbarke. 
 
 med,i7« 
 
 med. I o .per fommef 
 
 med.jy. 
 
 med, 30. 
 
 med.30.per fbmme 
 
 med.oee. 
 mcd.20.per fomme, 
 med.pcrfommc, 
 med.j^ 
 
 to, 
 
IV hence drugs come. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 277 
 
 jf oi fratgljt from Balfarato Ormus, acco joing co the ajreactufle,a0 in tbtp boofee appcaretb, 
 tfo} cuttome iii Ormus , as t0 abouefaib in tbig boofce, 
 jfo? fratgrjt from Ormus co Goa, a0 i0 in this boofee ujeteeb, 
 jTo? tutlome in Goa, a0 is abouefato. 
 
 A declaration of the places from whence the goods 
 fubferibed doc come. 
 
 (~^ to«C0,ftomMaluco,Tatenacc, Amboi- Demnar,ftomSiacea;anoBlinton 
 
 Galangf ,from China,Chaul,Goa,f Cochin, 
 Laccha.from Pegu, and Balaguacc» 
 Carabbe, fromAlmanie, 
 Cdloquintida J from Cyprus, 
 Agaricum.from Alemania," 
 Scamonea, from Syria, ano Perfia. 
 Bdellium,from Arabia felix,anD Mecca, 
 Cardamomum fmall, from,' Barcelona. 
 Cardamomum great,tromBengala« 
 Tamarinda, from Balfara, 
 Aloe Secutrina, from Secutra. 
 Aloe Epatica,from Pat. 
 kaftan, from Balfara, ano Perfia. 
 Lignum de China, from China, 
 
 • 
 
 V_> na, bp l»ap oflaua 
 
 39ittmeg0, from Banda, 
 
 Spaces from Banda, Iaua, anb Malacca. 
 
 19cp5?er(85a&^ie, from Cochin, . 
 
 pepper common, from Malabar. 
 
 gnmtamon, from Seilan. 
 
 finite, from Malacca. 
 
 feanbatetmloe, from Cochin, 
 
 g>at«jal£0Bomellick,from Malacca* 
 
 &er?tni,fromS.Thomas,anofrom China, 
 
 &>pichnarb, from Zindi, ano Lahor. 
 
 Httic&RIuer,from China. 
 
 (SallS,from CambaiajBengalajIftriagt Syria. 
 
 (StngCt Dabulin, from Dabul, 
 
 (Singer Belledin, from the Countrit totttjin Rhaponticum,frbm Perfia., anbPugia, 
 
 Cambaia. Thus, from Secutra, 
 
 (Singer Sorattin, from Sorat totCrjin Cambaia, Turbith, from Diu , anb Cambaia. 
 (Singer Mordafli,froMordasll)iCl)m Cambaia. 3f5ltt0 of India, from Goa, ami ot&etplacegof 
 (Singer Meckin.from Mecca, India. 
 
 £0irabolan0 of all fo?C0,from Cambaia, Nux vomica, from Malabar, 
 
 <KHrjtte Cacket from Zindi,Cambaia ano China Sanguis Draconis, from Secutra, 
 
 Core unia, from Diucr0 place0 of India. 
 
 Cojall of Leuant.from Malabar. 
 
 Chomin, from Balfara,' I 
 
 Requitria, from Arabia Felix, 
 
 Garble of J12utmeg0from Banda. 
 
 Sal Armoniacke, front Zindi ano Cambaia, 
 
 Zedoari,from bitter? place0of India, 
 
 Cubeb, from China, 
 
 Amomum, from China. 
 
 Camphora.fromBrimeoneere to China. 
 
 Myrrha,from Arabia Felix, 
 
 Cofto dulce, from Zindi,anD Cambaia. 
 
 Borazo,fromCambaia,anO Lahor. 
 
 Afa fetida,from Lahor. 
 
 cajare.fromBengala, 
 
 Seragni.from Perfia. 
 
 Armoniago.from Perfia. 
 
 Spodio di Cana,from Cochin, 
 
 Margaratina, from Balaguate, 
 
 Split fee from Tartarie, bp toap of China. 
 
 Ambrachan,from Melinde,anb Mofambique* 
 
 Indico/rom Zindi ano Cambaia. 
 
 S>ilfee0 fine, from China, 
 
 JLong pepper, from Bengala anb Malacca, 
 
 JLatton, from China, 
 
 Momia,from the great Cayro, 
 
 Belzuinum Mandolalo,from Sian,anb Baros. 
 
 Belzuinum bUMCD, from Bonnia, 
 
 Caftorium.frotn Almania, 
 
 Coraliina, from the reo fea. 
 Maflicke,fromSio, 
 Mella,from Romania, 
 
 Caffia, from Cambaia, anb from Gran Cayro, Oppium,fromPugia,attb Cambaia, 
 Storaxcalamita, from Rhodes, to fap, from A- Calamus Aromaticus, from Constantinople, 
 
 ncda, anb Canemarie bJithtn Caramania, 
 Storaxliquida,from Rhodes, 
 Tutia, from Perfia, 
 Cagiers,from Malabar, anb Maldiua, 
 Ruuiatobie Uiitball,from Chalangi, 
 Alumme di Rocca, from China, anb Conftan 
 
 tinople. 
 Chopra.from Cochin antj Malabar. 
 
 Capari,from Alexandria anbot&er places:, 
 2)ate0,fcom Arabia felix, anb Alexandria, 
 Didtamnum album, from Lombardia, 
 Draganti.fromMorea. 
 Euphorbium, from Barbaria, 
 Epithymum, from Candia, 
 Sena, from Mecca. 
 Gumme Arabike,from ZafFo, 
 Grana,from Coronto, 
 
 Oppopanax, from Perfia, 
 
 Lignum Aloes, from Cochin, China, anb Ma- Ladanum,fromCyprusanb Candia. 
 lacca , Lapis lazzudis, from Perfia, 
 
 A a 
 
 Lapis 
 
78 TheEngli(hVoyages,Nauigations, TheMonfons. 
 
 Lapis Zudafli 3 ftom Zaftecto, 
 
 Lapis Spongij is founD in fponges. 
 Lapis HarmatiteSjfrom Almanic, 
 Manna, from Perfia, 
 Auripigmentum ,frO»tt matltC places Of Tur- 
 
 kie, ■■;, "■ , . • ' : 
 
 Pilatro, from Barbaria. 
 Pjftaches/romDoria. 
 
 2Bo?mc-feeDe, from Perfia, ; 
 Sumackjftom Cyprus, 
 Sebeften, from Cyprus. 
 
 Galbanum,from Perfia. 
 
 Dente d' Abolio, from Melinde, attO Mofarn- 
 
 bique. 
 Folium Indicum,from Goa, anD Cochin. 
 Diafprum viride,ftomCambaia. 
 Perra Bczfcuar, from Tartaria, 
 Sarcacojla,from Perfia. 
 Melleghete, from the <KHeff parts, 
 
 Sugo di Requillicie,frcm Arabia felix, 
 Chochenillo, from the (EBett India. 
 Rubarbe,ftom Perfia, anD China, 
 
 The times or feafonable windes called Monfons, wherein the (hips 
 
 depart frorriplacc to place ip the fcaQilndies. 
 
 NOte , that the Citic of Goa is the p?incipall place of all the © ?ientall India,anti the totn= 
 ter tljerc beginncth the 1 5 of 99ap toith »erp great raine, ano fo rontinucth till the firft of 
 augufl, fo that During that fpace, no (btppe can pafle ouer the batre of Goa, becattfe tb?ough the 
 continual! fboures of rainc all the fattoes icpne together neere unto a mountaine calleD Oghane, 
 ano all tbefe fanoes being iopneo together , runne into the fhoates of dge barre ano po?t of Goa, 
 ano can haue no other iCftte,but to remaine in that po?t,ano therefore it tg (hut top tontill the firft of 
 3 ttguft , but at the 1 o of SuguQ it openetlj bp reafon of the raine tnhich ceafeth,amj the tea ooetlj 
 tljen fcoure the fanos atoiap againe. 
 
 The monfon from Goa to the Northward, to fay, for Chaul,Diu,Cambaia, 
 Daman, Baf aim, and other places. 
 
 Che (hips Depart bcttoit-t the tenth ano 24 of 3uguft, fo? the jf2o?thtijarD places abouefapoe, 
 ano to thefe places thep map faile all times of the peere , ejecept in the tuintcr , tobich beginnetjj 
 ano enoctlj at tlje times abouefaiD, 
 
 The monfon from the North parts, For Goa, 
 
 Che (hips Depart from Chaul,Diu,Cambaia,anB other places |2o?thti3ams fo?Goa,fcettoitc 
 tlje 8 ano i-j of 3anuarte,anD cometoGoa about tlje cnD of 4Feb?uarie, 
 
 The firft monfon from Diu for the ftraight of Mecca, 
 
 Che (hips Depart from Dm about the 1 j of 31 anttarie , ano returne from the ftraights to Diu 
 in the moneth of 9uguu\ 
 
 The fecond monfon from Diu for the ftraight of Mecca. 
 Che Chips Depart bettmrt the 25 ano firft of September , anD returne from the ftraights to 
 Diu, the firft anD 15 of 9g)ap. 
 
 The monfon from Secutra for Ormus. 
 Che Chips Depart about the tenth of 9uguft fo? Ormus : albeit Secutra is an 3!flanD a«D hath 
 but feto Chips, tnhich. Depart as abouefaiD, 
 
 The monfon wherein the Moores of the firme land come toGoa. 
 9hout the fifteenth of September the Moores of the firme lanoebeginne to come to Goa, 
 ano thep come from all parts, astoell from Balaguate, Bezenegar, as alfo from Sudakan, arm 
 
 other places. 
 
 The monfon wherein the Moores of the firme land depart from Goa, 
 Chep Depart from Goabettniict the 1 o ano 1 5 Dap of iQouembcr. jgote that bp going fo? the 
 ji5o?thiSJlient the Departing fromGoa,fo?Chaul,Diu,Cambaia,Daman,Bafaim,Gha{Tain,anB 
 other places onto Zindi: anD bp the ^outh is UnDerCtooD, Departing from Goa, fo? Cochin, anD 
 all that COafi Onto Cape Comori. 
 
 The firft monfon from Goa for Ormus. 
 
 Che (bippes Depart in the moneth of October from Goa, fo? Ormus, patting toith Cafterlp 
 toinoes along the coaft of Perfia, 
 
 The fecond monfon from Goa to Ormus. 
 Che (hips Depart about the 20 of Januarie patting bp the like nauigation ano toinDesas in the 
 fitft monfon, anD this iS callcDflf tlje Portugals anD Indians Enrremonfon, 
 The third monfon- from Goa to Ormus, 
 
 Che (hips Depart betinitt the 2 5 of Spareb.ano 6 of ap?tll, haumg Caflerlp toinoes, tilt thep 
 paffeSecutra,ana then thep finD8Befterlptoin6eS,anDtherfo?e thep fet their courfe ouer fo? the 
 Coatt of Arabia, till tjjep COtm to Cape Rafalgace aitD tlje &Ctflig&t of Ormus, ano this monfon 
 
 iS 
 
MWitlwn^Barreti TraffiquesandDifcouenes. 270 
 
 ts]motf troublefome of alt : foj tijcp mafte tuio namptions m the hctgcij ot Scylan,u)i)icl) is 6 oe< 
 grcesancCbmcfflbatlottier. 
 
 The firft monfon from Ormus for Cbaul and Goa, 
 
 Che (hips Depart from Ormus foj Chaul, arm Goa tn the moncth. of ^cp&cmber,Uiitfj ,j3o?tr); 
 ano.tftoithealtlDinDcs, 
 
 The fecond monfon from Ormus for Chaul and Goa, 
 , Che fecono monfon isbcttoirt the Sue ano ttoentie ana Iaft" of December, liu'thlifce toinDS ass 
 
 tfjefomter monfon. 
 
 The third monfon from Ormus for Chaul, and Goa, & 
 
 Che thitD monfon the (tips Depart from Ormus, fo;t Chaul auD Goa, Uetteirt the fUS anr> i j 
 sf &p?il, ano tljcp faile im'th 4>outbea8 toinDes , € a{f ano 33o?tbeau" tutnoes , coafiing bpon the 
 Arabia fioc from Cape MofandonDntO Cape Rafalgate, ano bailing loft the fight of Cape Ra- 
 ialgatc, thep haue (HJefterrp iflinDes,anD fo come fo j Chaul anD Goa, anD if the faiD fhips Depart 
 notbcfo?e the 2 5 of 3p?tl , t^ep ace not tljento Depart that monfon , but totainterinOrmu's 
 becaufeoftheruinter. 
 
 The firft monfon from Ormus for Zindi, 
 Clje (bipSDcpartfoj Ormus bettuitt trje 1 5 anD 20 of Qpitll, 
 
 The fecond monfon from Ormus for Zindi, 
 Clje (hips Depart bctlmrt the 1 o auo 2O0f SDctoberfoi Zindi from Ormus. 
 
 The monfon from Ormus for the red fea. 
 
 Che (hips Departfrom Ormus bettoirt thefirff anD lafl of aanuarie, ^ 
 
 Hitherto I haue noted the monfons of the fhips departing from 
 Goa to the Northward : Now follow the monfons wherein the fhips depart 
 
 from Gea to the Southward, 
 
 ^ The monfon from Goa forCalicut, Cochin, Seilan, 
 and all that coaft, 
 
 T^>efl)fpg Depart from thofe places bettoirttlje 1 ano ijof&ugtiffjanOtljcrcthepmioicna* 
 ttignbleaHtrjepeereerceptintbetointer,tol)!Chconttiiuetha!5tSafojefaiD, from tlje ijot Notcc 
 Spap till the 1 o of auguu\31n like maner the fljtps come from thefe places fo? G oa at euerp time 
 in rfacpeereercept in the tointer, but of another the heft time is to come in tfloncmber, Decern* 
 bcrauDjcinuarp. 
 
 The firft monfon from Goa, for Pegu, 
 ©be Chips Depart from Goa,bettoirt the 1 5 anD 20 cf 3p jil,anD tointer at S.Thomas, ano af« 
 ter the 5 of &ugu(I,tbep Depart from S. Thomas fo? Pegu. 
 
 The iecond monfon from Goa for Pegu. 
 w Che fhfps Depart from Goa bettoirt the 8 anD 24of9uguft, going flraipjrjtfo?Pegu,anptf 
 theppaffetrje24of9ugufl,trjep cannot patfe that monfon,neitber is there artpmo?emonfons'till 
 3pjilasisafoicfaiD. jfrotetbattbcchiefe8ttaDeis,eotafcemonepof S.Thomas rials, ano pa- «5«c5wmi^ 
 techoni,anDtogoetoS,Thomas,anfttl)eretobu)>Tellami,tobichisftnecIot()ofIndia,tobereof s " eB "' 
 therefe great quamittemaDe in Coromandel, atiD brought thitljer, ano otfjerraarcljanDile are 
 not gooDfoi that place except fomc Do?enof Derpfaire CmcrauIosoiientaH, jfoi of golDcfifaer, 
 ano 3Subtcg,thereisfti[fitientfto?ein Pegu, 
 
 .. '. : " The monfon from Pegu for the Indies, 
 
 Che fhips Depart from Pegu bcttoirt the 1 5 ano 2 5 of 31anuarie , anD come to Goa about the 
 25 of Search, ojinthe beginning of Slpjil. 3f5otc,thattfit paffe tlje 1 o of SQap Iiefoic t(je fapoe 
 fljips he atriuco in Goa, thep camtot come tljitljer that monfon , anD if thep haue not then fet the 
 toaft of India,tbepu>Urjutb great pcrill fetch S.Thomas,. 
 
 Thefirftmonfon fromGoa forMalacca. 
 
 ; oCljeujips Depart hettoitt the i?ano laftof &cptenibcr,anDarriueinMalaccaabQttctheenB 
 ofSDctober. 
 
 The fecond monfon from Goa to Malacca. 
 
 . Cbeibjpa Depart about the y of Sgfrapfrom Goa.auD arriue in Malacca about the 15 of 3Iune<> 
 
 The firft monfon from Malacca to Goa, ', , . . 
 
 Che fljips Depart about the 10 of September, ano come to Goa about the eno of ©ctober. 
 
 The fecond monfon from Malacca to Goa. 
 
 Crje (hips Depart from Malacca about tlje 1 o of jTebiuarp,anD come to Goa about the eno f 
 
 A a % Sparchy 
 
Note, 
 
 Note. 
 
 280 The linglifli Voyages,Nauigations, IViUiam c Barret. 
 
 8^arc(),But it" tlje fato tljtps ujoulo flap till tbe 1 o of a9ap, tbep cannot enter into Goa , ano if fit 
 tljnt time alfo tljep fljoulo not be arriuco at Cochin.thep arc fo?ceo to returne to Malacca.becaufc 
 tbe totnter ano contrary totiiDcstbeuromc bpon tljem. 
 
 The monfon from Goa for China. 
 
 ■&be (hips depart from Goa in tlje monctrj of 9p?il, 
 
 The monfon from China for Goa, 
 
 %bz Ojt'ps Depart to be the 1 o of Sj&apin Goa , ano being not tl;cn arriueo, tbcp turue bacfee to 
 
 Cochin, anD iftljep cannot fetch Cochin, tbep returne to Malacca. 
 The monfon from Goa to the Moluccaes, 
 
 ■Ehefhips Depart about the 10 0? 1 5 of «$)ap,tobicb time being; pafl.tbe flbippescannot patTe 
 ouer the barre of Goa fo ? tbe caufe abouefaio. 
 
 The monfon of the fhips of the Moluccaes arriuall in Goa. 
 %\)t (iji'ps toijicb come from tbe Moluccaes arritte bpon tbe bar of Goa about the 1 5 of 9p?il, 
 
 The monfons of thePoitingall fliips for the Indies. 
 
 Cbefhipstobicb come from Portugall Depart thence o?oinarilp bcttoirt the tentbf fifteenth 
 of^arclj,comminaj tljcflraigbttoap During tbe monctb of julp to tije coat! cfMelinde.anD Mo- 
 fambique , ano from tbence goe flcaigbt fo? Goa , ano if in tlje moneih of 3lulp tbep (Ijoulo noc 
 be at tbe coaft of Melinde, tbep can in no toife tbat peere fetch Melinde, but ret ume to tbe 31fle 
 of <3»amt Helena, ano fo are not able ,tbat time being pafl.to fetch tbe coafl of Inuia,ano to come 
 ttratgbt fo j Goa, Zfyzx c fo?e ( as is abouefaio ) tbep returne to the iflano of <%atnt Helena,ano 
 if tbep cannot matte tbe fato 3|QanB , tbe n tbep rtinne as Iofl bpon tbe coal! of Guinea : but if tbe 
 faio (hips be arriueo in time bpon tbe coafl of Melinde , tbep fct fo?toaroes fo? Goa , ana if bp 
 tbe fifteentf) of September tbep cannot fetcb Goa, tbep tben goe fo? Cochin , but if tbep fee 
 tbep cannot fetch Cochin, tbep returne to Mofambique to mincer trjere bpon tbe fapo coafl, 91-- 
 bett in tbe peere of our L010 1 5 8 b there arriueD tbe (bipcallen San Lorenzo, being vuonDer- 
 full fo?e fea-beaten, the cigb t of October s U)l;tcfj toss accountcbas a mp?acle fo? tbat tbeiike bao 
 not bene feenebefo?e, 
 
 Themonfon fromlndia for Portugall, 
 
 ^befljippes Depart from Cochin bettoeene tbe fifteenth ano lafl of 3!anuarp , going on till 
 tbep baue Ggbt Of Capo de buona fperanza ,anD the J He of sg>aint Helena , tabid; Jlflanrje is 8' 
 bout tbe miotoap.being in firt cene Degrees to tbe & out b, 3nb it is a lit 1c 31 flano being f r uttfull 
 of all tbings tobiclj a man can imagine , tote!) great flo?e of fruit : ano tin© aflano is a great fuc* 
 cour to tbe (hipping tohtch returne fo? Portugall, ano not long fince tbe faio JflanD toas feunB 
 bp the Portugales, ano toasDtfcoucrcDbp a fljippe tbat came from tbe Indies in a great flo?me. 
 in toljtcfj tljep founo fucb abunoance of totloe beafles, ano boares, ano all fo?t of fruite, tbat bp 
 meanes thereof tbat poo?e (hip tobirb ban beene foure moneys at Tea, refrefbeo tb cmfelttes botb 
 toit b toater ano meate berp toell, ano tbis 3 llano tbep calleB g>, Helena, becaufe it teas o ifcoue= 
 leo upon &, Helens Dap, 9no bnDoubteolp tbis aflano is a great fuccour , ano fo great an apse 
 to tbe (hips of Portugall , tbat manp tooulo furelp pertfb if tbat belpe toanteD. 9nD tberefb?e the 
 king of Portugall caufeo a£burcbtobemaDetbcrefo? Deuotion of g>,Helena:toherc tbcrcare 
 onelp refioent € remits, ano all other are fo?biODen to inbabite there bp tbe (tings commatmDe« 
 ment, to tbe cnoe tbat tbe fljips map be tbe mo?e faff ictemlp furniffjeD toitb bictuals, brtaufr tbe 
 (hips tobicb come fro India come but flenoerlpbictualleD, becaufe there groin etb no co?ne there, 
 neither make tbep anp toine : but tbe ft)ips tohtcb come from Portugall to tbe Indies touch not in 
 tbe fapD 3fianD,bccaufe tbep fet out being fufficientlp furnifbeo toitb b?eao ano mater from Por- 
 tugal ifo? eigbtmonetbs bopage, 8np oujer people tben tbe tton eremites abouefaio, cannot 
 inbabite tbis 3JHanD , except fome flcke man tljat map be fet trjere a fljoje to rematne in tbe Cxf 
 mites companie,f»? his rjelpe ano recouerp, 
 
 Themonfon from Goa to Mofambique. 
 
 She (hips Depart bcttoirt tlje ioanD 1 5 of 31anuarie. 
 
 The monfon from Mofambique toGoa, 
 
 %\}t Ojips Depart bettoeene tbe 8 ano lafl of 9ugufl,ano arriuefn Chaul 0? Goa in the monetfe 
 af October, tilltbe 15 of jQouembcr. 
 
 Themonfon fromOrmus to Bengals, 
 
 Wat (heps Depart bettoirt tbe 1 5 ano ao of 3ttme,aitD goe to tutnter at Teue ano Depart tbence 
 about tbe 1 J Of Stagufl fo? Bengala. 
 
 The 
 
 Note, 
 
M.fobn Suejkam. Traftiques and Difcouenes. 
 
 m 
 
 The voyage paiTed by fea into Mgy^t • by hhn Euejham 
 Gentleman. K^inno i $ 86. 
 
 :'^^Jl<^?E)e50f December I y8(5 toe OCpartfOftomGrauefendfntbeTigerofLohdoii, 
 totjercin toas agatterbnocr (Sob fo? the bopage Robert Rickman, ami tije 2 1. 
 sap at nigbt toe came to tbe atfe of Wight : Departing from tfjente in t!jc mo?» 
 uiug follotoingtoe b<tt> a fairetoinoe, fo that on the 270a? teee came fn figljt of 
 tlje rockeof Lisbone,anD fo fapltng along toe came in Cgljt of tlje !%>outb ffiape, 
 tbe 2p of tlje fame, ano 0:1 tlje mojrotoe toitlj a COeiterlp toinDe toe rntreD tbe 
 ftratgbesjano tlje fecona of 3Iamiarp being as Ijigljas Cape de Gatc\toc Departco from out fleete « 
 
 totoarD3Argier,anDtrje4DaptoearriueDattliepo>tofArgierafo?cfaiD 1 totjeretoefta['eDtiUtt)e 
 firtt of Search. Sit toljiclj time toe fee fade tomatoes a place calleo l"unis,co tljeCalltoarD of A£. 
 gier 100 leagues, tobcr* toe arrttteo tbe 8 of the fame, SIjib Tunis is a fmallcitie Dp smiles TmiX 
 frcmtljefea, anDattbepojtojrooe toiiere Ojtpping Doe viae, is a cattle ojfojtcalleo Goletta, 
 fometimes in tbe bribes of tbeCi)iiUians,but noto of tlje •Surkcs : at toljicb placctoe remaineD 
 till tbe tbtr» of Spall: a: toljicb time toeefecfailetotoaroes Alexandria, ana Ijattiiigfometime 
 fairetoinocs,fometiinecontrarp, toepafleo ontije 1 2 Dap bettoecne Sicilia ano Malta (tobere 
 neece aDiopning Ijatb bcene tlje fojt ano tjolDe cf tlje knigljts cf tlje Rhodes) anD fo tlje 1 9 Dap toe 
 fell toicbtije Jlfieof Candy,anbfromtljenceto Alexandria,toi)ere toe amueDtljc 27 of 9p?il,anB 
 tijere continucD till tlje 5 of ©ctobcr. 
 
 %\)t faiD citie of Alexandria is an olD tljtng Decapeo } ruinateajjattmg bene a faire aiffi great mc mmp. 
 citienecrettoo miles in lengtb, being all bauteDbnocrneatb fo?p?cuiGou of ftcQjtoater, tohicb n *". nf Alcx - 
 toatcc commetij tljither but once euerp peetc,out of cne of tlje foure rittcrs of paraDife(ss tt is ter* * 
 meD) calico Nilus, tobiclj in September flotoctb ncetrc eigljtecne foote bpjigljt Ijiglje r tben hte 
 accuaomeD manner,anD fo tbe banke being cut, as it mere a u'uce.about thtrrp miles from Alex- 
 andria, at a totonc calico Roff«to,it Dotlj fo come to trje faiDe Citie, toitlj fuel) abounbance, tljat 
 barkesofttocluctmutc Doe come bpontlje fame toater, toljicl) toatEr ootb fill alkbeb.iuts.ce* 
 ttcrnes,anb tods in tlje faio Citie, toit ij berp gooo toater, arts Dcjrj fo continue gooD , till tlje neft 
 peete following : foj tljep Ijauc tljerc berp litle.raineoj none at all, pet hatte thep erceeoing great 
 betoes, aifo thep Ijaueberp gooD csjnc, anD berp plentifull : aH tlje Cotmtrcp is berp hot, efpect* 
 al!pintbemanety3of3t!itu!I,S>eptembet,ann fflctol'er,3Ifotoitljin the faiDe citie tljerc is a 
 pillar of S^atble,cslleD bp tlje Ctttkes^mg Pharaoes neeole, fit is foure fquare, eucrp fquare 
 is ttoelue to3te,ana it is in Ijeigtjt 90 footc.aifo there is toitljout the toals of tlje faio Cttie,abottt 
 ttoentic fcoje paces,aiiotljcr marble pillar, being rotmo, calleo Pompey Capillar: tljis pillar 
 flanoetljbpon a great fquare {tone, eucrp fquare is fttecene facte, anD tlje fame ffoneisfifceene 
 foote btcrjj, ano tlje compaCfc of tlje pillar is 37fooce,an0tbeheigttjofitis 101 feete, toljicb is a 
 toonoer to ttjinke Ijoto euet tt Was potfible to tct the faiD pillar bpon tbe faio fquare Hone. 3Efje 
 po y. of tlje fa:o Citie is fironc^lp fo?t iSeb toitlj ttoo ttrong Catties , anD one otber Cattle toithirt 
 tbe citie, being all berp todl planteo toitlj munition : ano there is ta tlje Cafttaaro of tljis Citf e, 
 about tljjee Dapes icurnep tlje citie of Grand Cayro, othcrtoife calleo Memphis : it bath in it bp c» y ra. 
 rr poit of the regitters booses toljicb toe oiofee,to tlje mimbcrof 2400 «Eburcbes,anD is tooneet 3 
 fullp populous ,anDis one Dapes iournep about tlje toals, toljicb toas iotirnepeD bp one of our 
 S^arrinersfojttiaHtljereof. Sllfoncere to tbcfaioe citie tfjere is a place calleo tlje Pyramides, 
 being,as31maptoell termeit, oneofttjentnctoonDersoftbetoo?lD:tbatis,feucn feuerall pla- 
 ces r flint ano marble ttone, foure fquare,tbe toals tbereof are fetten paros tbicke in tljofe places 
 tljattocDiDfeeitljefquarenesisinlengtbaboutttocntiefcojceuerpfquarCjbeingbuiltastttoere 
 a poi;iteDDiamonD,b?oaD at tbefotte 3 anDfmallojnarrotoat tlje topper tlje Ijeigtlj of tljem.to otic 
 iuDgement.Dctljfufmountttoifetbebeigtijof Paulestteeple: toitljiu tlje fatoe Pyramides , na 
 man octlj knoto toljat tijere is.foj tljat tljep baue no entrance but in tlje one of ttjem, tfjere is a Ijole 
 tobere tbe toall i3 b?oken,ano fo toe toent in tijere, bauing to?clj-ligbt toitbbs, fo? tljat it Ijatb no 
 Iigbttoit,anDtoitbintljefame,isas ittocreagreatball,in tlje toljicb tbereis acottlptombe, 
 toljicb tombc t!)?p fap 5 toasm3ce fo? kingPharaoin Ijis life time, but betoasnot burieo tbere,be* 
 ingDptomD in the reo fea : alfo tljerc are certaine bauts oj Dungeons , toljicb goc Dotone berie 
 DecpcbnDcrtbife Pyramides toitlj faire ttaires, but no manDarebenter to gocDotoneinto tljem, 
 bp rcafon tljat tljep can carp no ligbt tottb tbem, fo? tljeoampe ofefje earth Dotb put out tlje light : 
 tbereofeaisliuttljjeeDaifsictinep fromtljis place, anD Ierufalem about fetten capes iottrnep 
 ftom thence: buttarcttirnc to Cayro.'Cbere is aCattletoljerin is tbeboufetljat Pharaoes toiues 
 lucre kept in, antjtntlje p^Ilire 0) Court tljereof ttanoe 55 matble pillars, infucljo?Der,as 
 our Crcijangettanocth in London : tbe faio pillars areinbeigtljoofoote, anD in compaffe 14 
 
 A a 3 foote: 
 
I Hi! 
 
 
 i z%z The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations,M.Z^#r. Jlder/ey. 
 
 fcote : alio in the Duo Citie is tbe cattle mberc Ioieph teas in pnfon , utijett to tbis Dap tljep put 
 in rid) men.toljen the uing tooulo Ijaue anp fumme of moiiep of tljem : there arc fcuen gates to tlje 
 fapo pjifon, ano it goctb neci'c fiftie parDes ootone rtgbt : alfo, tbe toater that fcruetb this cattle, 
 commetljoutoftbefo^cfaiDcrittfrof Nilus.DponavuallmacelBitbart^cSjnwcniilfSlong^nD 
 it is ttticlucfootctUtcbe.ailotljcre ate in olDCayrottooSponattetire.tlje one callcti S.Georges, 
 iljeotOcrS.Macies: jin tl)eCotittstol;ei;2tl)eCf)uccl)es be, toast tljcljoufe of lungBliarao. 3]n 
 tbis Citieis great ttoje of marcbanoi^e, efpeciallp pepper , anD nutmegs, tobicb tonie tljitljer bp 
 lano.outoftbeiJEaft India: anDttisuerpplentifullofalimanerofu:ctual9,efpcciailpofb?eaD, 
 rootes,anb beaches: to tlje Catttoaros of Cayro , ttjere is a ffiUcll , fiue miles off, calico Matria, 
 antrastbepfapjtaJljentbeitltrgin Marie fleDfromBethlcetn, anD came into iEgypt, ano being 
 tljere,baD neither toater,no;t anp other thing to fuftaine tljem.bp tljcptouiDence of (SoD.an angell 
 xme from beauen,anD Orahc the grouno toitb bis toings , tobere p?efcntlp iffueo out a fountainc 
 of mater: ano tlje tuall oio open tobere the Ifraelites Bio IjiDe tbemrelues, toljiclj fountainc oj toell 
 is toallcD four e fquare till this Dap. 3lfo toe toere at an olD Citie, all ruinatco ano acfiropeD , cal« 
 
 crthage. Ieo in oloe time.tbc great Citie of Carthage toberc Hannibal ano ©ticene Dido Dtoclc : tljis €i-- 
 tietoas but narroto, but toas uerp long : fo? tljere toas , anD is pet to bee feenc, one tt recce tljjec 
 mile long, to tobicb Citiefre&j toater toas bjougbt upon arches (as afo?e)aboue 25 miles, of 
 tobicb arches Tome arc Canoing to tbisDap.aifotoetoere at outers otber places on tbccoafl, as 
 
 Arfi ,v, toe came from Cayro, but of otber anttCjiitttes toe fato but feto. ®bc totone of Argier tobiclj toas 
 
 our firfl ano latt pa?t,iuitOin tlje flreig^ts DtanDcttjDpon clje fine of an IjiH.cloCc upon ttjc Tea (feojes 
 ii is uerp flrong both bp IVa ano lano , ano it is uerp toell bictualeD toiclj all manner of fntites, 
 bieao ano fiftj gooo flo je , ano oerp cljcape, 3t is inhabiteD tottlj Turkes, Moorcs, anD iewes, 
 ano fo ate Alexandria anD Cayro.jn this totone are a great number of Ojjifliau capttues,toher< 
 of tbere are of Cngliftjmen onelp fifteene , from tobicb pojt toe fet faple totoaroes England, tbe 
 feuentrjof3Ianuarte,Anno 15 87, ano the 3oDapoftbe fapDmonetb, toe arcttteD at Dartmouth 
 
 on tbe COatt of England. 
 
 The fecond voyage of M. Laurence sflderfey } to the Cities cf Alexan- 
 dria , and Cayro in <^>iegyp. Anno 1 / 8 ff. 
 
 CmbarReDmp fcifeat Briftoll.tn tljeHercules,a gooD Cjip of London , anD fet 
 
 faile tlje 2 1 Dap of Jf eb?u.aie, about ten of tbe cloche in tbe monung , baiting 
 
 a mertp toinoe: but tbe a 3 oap, tbtte arofe a tocrp great flontie,anB in tbe mtDs 
 
 ofittoeceftrieoafmallboateof tbe buroen often tunnes, toitb fourc men in 
 
 Oct, in uerp great Danger, tobo calleD a maine fojourhclpc. SEClbcrctiponouc 
 
 ' grafter maDctotoarDcstbcm.anDtaoketbcm into our fljtp , ano let the boate^ 
 
 tohtcbtoastaDeutoitbtimbcr,anDappertaintDtoChepflow,torunneaDjift«'E.bffamenigf)ta* 
 
 bout mionigljc arofe another great {tonne, but the toince toas large to:tb »s , bntill the 2 7 of tbe 
 
 ramentonetb.tobich tljen greto fometobat contratp: pet nottoitbCanbing toe belD on our courfe, 
 
 ana tlje tenth Dap of Search, toe DcfcticD a fatle about Cape Sprat, tobicb is a Iitlc on tljis Gee tbe 
 
 Oreigbt of Gibraltare, but toe fpafec not toitb her, 3Lbe ncrt Dap toe DefcrteD ttocltte faple mo?e, 
 
 toitb toljom toe thought to baue fpofeen,to bauc learneo tobattbep toere, but tljep maDeberp fall 
 
 atoap, ano toe gaue tljem ouer, 
 
 •^burfoap the t6ofS^arcb,teebaDfigbtoftbeflfretgl)ts,anDoftbecoafiofBarbaiy,^be 18 
 baptoepaffeo tbem.aitDfaileDtotoarDS Patras, Upon the 2 3 of aparcb, toe met toitb the Centu- 
 rion if London tohtcb came from Genoa, bp toborn toe tent letters to England, anD the foure 
 men alfo tobicb toe tooke in, upon the coatt of EngIatid,befoje mentioncD, 
 Wat 29 of Spatcb toe came to Goleta a fmall aianD , anD bao fight of ttoo fbtpucs, tobicb toe 
 
 tUDgeD to be of England, 
 
 ^uefoap the fourth of 3pnll, toe toere before Malta, anD being tbere becalmeo, our ^aiffet 
 caufeD tbe ttoo fljip boatcs to be baD out, ano thep totoeo the fbip, till toe toere out of fight of tlje 
 Cattle of Malta . 'She 9 Dap of 3pull toe came to Zante, anc being before tlje totone , William 
 Aldridge.feruant to Scatter Thomas Cordall of London,cameaboo?DDs,toitbtohomour£©a* 
 fler ana ttoelue mo?e of our companp, thought to baue gone on (boare, but tljep coulo not be per* 
 mitteo t fo toe all came aboow againe, ano toent to Patras , tohere toe arrtueo Upon gooo jTriDap, 
 anD lap there toitlj gooo entertainementat tbeCngliuj boufe, tobere toas tlje ConfullSpattec 
 Grimes.Ralph Afhley,anDlohn Doddington.toljo berp kinDlp toent toitb bs, anD (betocD bs tbe 
 Vleafures of the totone. 
 
 ©be p b pugOt bs to the bottfe of the Cady,tobo toas maoe then to bncerffanD oft^je 20 %\xtl& 
 
 Coieta, 
 
 Malta, 
 Zanie, 
 
 Patras, 
 
M.Laurence Alderfey. Traftiques and Difcouenes. 283 
 
 t^.itUJCGbaoabooiD.toljtcfj tucrctogoe toConftancinople 3 bcmgreDccmtDoutofcapuu:ttc,t;p 
 firFrancis Drake in tljetLdtctt Indies, anD b?0Ugbt tottt) ijim into England, aim bpoiberof cljfi 
 SZiucctics 9I9aiefltc Cent noiu imotljerr Couiurep* {rabcrEupontbeCadycommautmrorbemto 
 be tyougbt before Ijtm.tbat Ijc might fee them: arm toljcn be tjao talfceo toiib tbcm.anb bnoertfoeo 
 Jjatoe (trangclp tljep lucre ocliurreo, Ijee marueileb mutj), anD nDmirco ttje SQuecncs spaicffie of 
 England, totjo being but a tooman, is nottoitbttatming of fuel; potter aim renotonc ainonjfl all 
 t^epjincesof CO?tflenoome , tottlj manpotljcr Ijonottrablc uiomea of romiiienoinj ^crSpateflie. 
 ^orjetookctljcnamesoftljofeio.TurkesjanDrecojDeo tbem in tbeir great booke5,to*rcmaine 
 tnperpctuallmcmojp. after tljts, our fojefaio countrepmenbjougbtmee totbcCliappclofS, 
 Andrew, tobere bis tombe o? fepulcbje is, aim tbe boojo upon tthiclj bee toas bcljcaoeb, tobiclj 
 fcoojb is noto ft rottcn,t!)at if anp man offer to cut it,it falletlj to potoDer,pet 31 b?oi;gl;t ftmc of it 
 atoaptoitbme. 
 
 Slpon 'itUtcftap in Rafter toecke, tocc fet out totoaros Zanteagaine,anti tf)e 24*of 3pnl toitb 
 mucbaboe.toeetoereallpcnmrtED to come on ffjoare, ano 3ltoascarieototbe€ngliibbotifem 
 ZantejtobereJtoasberptoeUentercaineo. ■Sbecommoaities ofZanteateCurrans aimople: 
 tbe Ctuation of tbe bourne is bnoer a berp great hill, bpon tofjicb ff anbctlj a berp Cretin; «Eafl(e, 
 tobtcb commaunoctbtlje &otone. 9t Zance toe tooke in a&apcausc ano i es.fEUloicrs,toubotber 
 pairengers. COec bepartco from Zantebpon&uefcaptbeis^ofapjil, ano tljenertD^pujean* 
 feereb at a fmall Siflaim.calieo Striualia.toljtcb is oeiblate of peoplcXattfnga feuie religious men, s '»'uai«. 
 iHbo entertainer* bsl»ell,»Jit!)out taking anp monep: but of courtefie toe bettctoeb fomctoljat bp= 
 ontljcmfojtfjcir maintenance, aim tbentbepgauebsaccuplcofleaneflxepejtobicbtoeatfeoa* 
 !joo;o. ?LbelaiIoapoiap?iil,tocearriueliatCandie,ataCatt!e,callcDSowday,uj(jtrebjee c a „dic. 
 fet tbe Captaine, Pouters, ano farmers aQjoare, totjicb toee tooke in at Zame,ttitb all tljetc 
 carriage, 
 
 Cbefecono bap ofspap toee fet faileagatne, anotbefottrtljDap came totfjeSRanasofMilo, qt& ai b 
 toberebJeankewD,anDfounDtljepeopletliereberpcoiirteoiis,anotookcinfucIjneceu"artrsasnie ofMiio,i n n oiDs 
 toancco, Cbe31fianbs are in mpiuogement abunDjebiunumbcrjanDaUtottbintbe compaffeof s™ 8 ,"" 10 
 a lumpen miles, 
 
 %\)t i i, bap, tbe Chaus.torjicrjijStljc greatefl man tbere in aut&on'tie, fo? certaine offences 
 Bane in a little Cbappell bp tbc toater fioe^toljiclj tbep faioe one of our fl;ippe bab ooiic, ano impu-- 
 teo it to meCjbecattfe 31 toas fecne gee into it tlnceoapesi before, came to us,ano maoe mucb a bee, 
 ft tbat toe toere fainc to come out of our ujippe atmeb; but bp tb?re pieces of goloc tljebjablmg 
 toas enoeo,anD toe came to our Qjippe. <£bis oap toec alfo fet ftile,aim rbe nerc bap patfeo bp tbe 
 Cattle of Serpeto,to!jtcb is an olo ruinateo tbing, ano ttanoctb bnoer a bils fme. 
 
 ®beI^oap J toepa(^eDbptrJe3!aanDofParis,an^)tbe3itl3nDoftbebankesofHe!icon,aHbtl)e 
 3Klano calleo Diner, tutjere aremanpboares,aim rbctoomen bee toitcljes, &be fame bap alft 
 toee pafTeo up cbe Cattle of Tino,flatming bponaberpbtgbmountamc,anbnecrebnto it is tije 
 
 3tlan0 Of Diana. 
 
 tZDtjc 1 5, of 2JDap,toee came to Sio.tobere 31 ttapco tbirttc ano tb?ec aapes. 3in it is a berp pjo • si* 
 per ^otone.aftcr tbe builoing of tljat ^ountrep,aim tbe people are ciuiljann tobile toe toere l;cre, 
 tbtte came inGre<Sallies,tobicb bab bene at Alexandna,anb one oftljem tobtcb toas tbe 9omiral, 
 Ijao a prince of tije Moores pnftner,tobom tbep tooke about Alexandria, anb ttjrp meant to pje- 
 fent btra to tbe Turkc.&lje totone ftanoetb in aballcp,anb a long tbe toatcr fibe plcafantlp.^Dbere 
 are about 26,tombe-mils about it, aim tbe commobitiesof it are cotton toooIl,cotton parne,ma* 
 flike,anb ftme ottjer bmgs, 
 
 9s toe remaineb at Sio, tbere greto a great controucrfie bettoecne tbe mariners of tbe Hercu- 
 les,ano tljeGreekes of tije totone of Sio, about tbe bringing borne of tbe Turkes, toljiclj tb^ 
 Greekes tooke in ill part.anb tbe bopes crieb out,Viue el Re Philippc.-tobereupon our men beate 
 tbe bopes, ano tbjetoe Bones, ano ft abjoile beganne, anb feme of our men torre burt j but tbe 
 Greekes toere fetcbt out of tbeir Ijoufcs!,anb manacleo togetber toitlj p jong.aim tb?eatneb to tbe 
 ©allies : about fourtie oftbem toere fent to tbe pnftn.ano tobat became oftbem,tobcntoe toere 
 gone,toeknotonot,fc^ttetoenttbencetoitlnnttooDape0after,tobicb toas tbe i9.of3!unc, 
 
 ■iZE.be 2o,oap tocc pafleobp tbe Sldano of Singonina,an3|fiam> rifenhptbecattingoffloneem singonim. 
 
 tbat place: tbe fubttance of tije grounb tbcreis bjimflone,anb btttnetb ftmetimes ft mucb,tbat it 
 llotoetbuptljerocltes, 
 
 ■Stbe 24.of 31une toce came to Cyprus, anb bab Cgbt in tbe toap of tbeafo?efame fire (Sallies', 
 tljat came from Alexandria, one toljercof came onto bs , aim requireo apjefent fo? biiiifelfe,ani3 
 fo?ttooof tbe otber o3allies,tobicb toe fo^qutetnetfe fake gaue tbem. 
 
 ■Cbe27^f3June,toee came toTiipolie,tobere 31 ffapcotiUtlje fiftof 3Julp,anb tben tooke 
 
 palfage 
 
Sichieti, 
 
 Joufe in Alex, 
 aadtia. 
 
 ■She monu< 
 mints of Alex 
 •ndiia. 
 
 Cay to. 
 
 ■ ■ 
 
 284. The Engli(h Voyages 3 Nauigations, M.Laur.Jlderfey. 
 
 paflage in afmal liarfeecalleo a Caramufalin,tobtcb toas a paffage boat,ana Tooas bouno fo? Bich- 
 leri, tbirteetie miles OlUljis Cte Alexandria, Uiljicl) boate taajs fraigfljtCO iBitlj Turkes,Moores, 
 ano Iewcs. 
 
 Cbe zo.oap of 33ulp, tljis batkc tobicb 31 patTcs in ranne bpon a rocfee, ana toas inberp great 
 Danger, fo tbat toe all began fome to be reaop to ftoimme, Come to leape mto tfje ujippe boate,but 
 it pleafco (Sod to fa bs quictdp off Uje rocke,anb toidjout nuicl) barim. 
 
 %\)t 28,of Julp 31 came to Bichieri.tabcrejlUjapUJelleiucrtstncDofalewclxiWcIjtoafitlje 
 Ctiftomertljcrc,gtum5meSp«fkaDine,anDD?tnfemgttaterl3tnifelfc:ljauingbjofecnmpfaflluit() 
 htm 3 be pjouiotb mce a Canull fo? mp carriage, ano a S9ule fo? mee to riue bpon,r,m> a Moore to 
 ramie bp me to tljeCitp af Alexandria, toljo Ijao cfjarge to fee mee fafe in Uje En glifh {joufc,lo)lji= 
 tber 31 caine,btu founDnoEnghfhmen there: but tbenmp guioe brought meeab'oo?B a il)ip of SI* 
 Herman Martins, calico tlje tyger of London, turjere 3iruas\uellreceiu£tj oftljC'S^aftecof tyc 
 fain ujip,totjolcname toas Thomas Rickman, arte of all tije companp, 
 
 *<&}■: fain Spader Ijauing maoe me gooo cljeerc, ano mane me alfo to Djintic oftlje toater of Ni- 
 lus 3 i;aiung the kepes oftlje Englifh ljoufe,toent tljither toitlj me Ijimfelftj ? appointeo mee afairc 
 c&amber,ano left a man toitlj me tomcuiDe me all things tljat % n£cDeo,anD cuerp Dap came bim-- 
 felfe tom7,ano carica me intotbc Citp,ano (hetoeo me tbe monuments ttjercof.toljiclj be trjcfe, 
 
 S?eb?ougbtmcefirfito Pompey ins pillar, toljicb is amigbtptbingofgrapmarble,ano all of 
 one (t one,in tjcigij: bp cltimatiou aboue j 2»paros jano tlje compaife about Ore faoome, 
 
 CbcCitp Ijatlj trjjfee gates, one calico the gateof Barbaria.trjeotljet of Merina, ano the tht'roe 
 
 OfRofletto. 
 
 Ipe b?ougbt me to a flone in the ftrcete oftlje Citie,tohereupon S.Markc toas bebeabeo: to the 
 place toljere S.Kathcrine Dieo.ljauinrr, tljere bio Ijerfelfe, becaufe uje tooulo not marrp : alfo to t|je 
 
 2>atr)OfS.Katherine. 
 
 3 fato tljere alfo Pharaos neeoIe,toljtcb is a tljing in beigljt almoBequall toitb Pompeys pillar, 
 ann is in compafle fine faoome,ano a balf e,ano all of one ttonc. 
 
 31 mas b?ougtjt aifo to a mott b?aue ano Datnttc T3atij, tubece me toaftjeo our fc'ticfl: tl;e ISatfj 
 being of marbic,ano of berp curious too?feemanfijip. 
 
 Clje Cttie Ranoetb topongreat arclj£S ; o? Viatacce^lifte bnto Churcfoes.toith mtgfctie pillars of 
 marble.toboloe up tljefounaation : toljicb arches are built to rcceitie t!je toater of ttjs rittf r of Ni. 
 lus.tobtcb ts fo? the bfc oftlje Citic, 3it Ijatrj th?ee £a£Ucs,ano a hunojeo Cljurcljess tart tl;e pare 
 tbat is neflropco of it,is fire times mo?e tt>en ti> at part tehic!) fiai^etij. 
 
 ®lje lafltiap of 3Iulp,31 iieparteDfrom Alexandria tousarbs Cayroiit a paffatre boate^erein 
 firB3i ttenttoRofletto,*lanoingbptljeriit£r Hoc ^uingis.o? i^grcatcljurcljesinit.tljea'liuil* 
 etngtljereis of ifone ano b?icke,buc as Co; loDgin^.tbcreis litle.ercept toe b?lng it toitlj bs. 
 
 JFrom Rofletto \uee paffeo along ib: nuer of Nihis, toljicb is fo famous in t\)Z Uio?lo,tU tfe ags 
 b?oao astbe Thames at London .- on botl) liiies groto natctrces in great abunBanec,C(jepcoplc 
 herube.infomncb tbat aman canncttraucile Uiitbout a Ianizary to cenouct bim. 
 
 ?Lbetime tbat 3 Gapeoin^EgypttoastbeTurkesanDMooresicnt, in all toljicb time rJjcj* 
 bumelamps in tljeir cbtirclj:s,as manp as map bano; in tbtm : ttjetr Lent ennuretb 4o,oapcs,anB 
 tbcp Ijaue tljjee lents in tlje pm: burmg toljieb ttmc tbepnettber eate no? Djinktu tlje bap time, 
 but all tlje nigljt tljep bo notbmg elfe. 
 
 OBpttoirt Rofletto ano C&yro tljere are along the to.iter Coe tljjee Ijuncjefl tttf es ano totone?, 
 anbtye length of tlje toap is not aboue tlj?eebunb?cD miles. 
 
 "Sotbis famous Citie of Cayro 31 came tlje fift bap of §uguff, inhere 31 founb sp.Wilham 
 Alday ,anb William Cifar,tol)o tntertaineb me in berp^oob fo?t. fl^.Caefar b?ougbt mrc to fee 
 tbePyramidestohicb arc tb?ec in number, one toljereof feing Pharao maoe fo?ljis otonetombe, 
 tlje tombe it felfe is nlmovr in tbc top of it : tlje monuments bee bigb ano in fo?mc 4.fn.uare, ano 
 cuerp of tlje fqttares is as long as a man map ftjoote a rouing arrotoe,anb as Ijigb as a £ljurclj,3l 
 fatoealfo tbe mines of tbeCitie of Memphis Ijaro bp tbofc Pyramides. 
 
 %\}t Ijoufe of Iofeph is pet flanoing in Cayro, toljicb is a fumptuous thing, hatting a place to 
 toalke in of 5 o\rr,igbtp pillars, all gilt toitlj golo,but 31 fato it not, being then lame, 
 
 ©beu.bapofaupfitbelanoetoas cut at Cayro^toletinthetoateroftberiucrofNilus, 
 tobtcbtoasoone toitlj great top ano triumpb. 
 
 %\)t 1 2,of augufl 31fet from Cayro totoaros Alexandria agaitie,anb cametbitber the i4,of 
 Sugutt. ( 2Llje26.oaptberctoasfeeptagreatfeaSof tbeTurkes anb Moores,tobici)laQebttoo 
 bapes,anu fo? a oap thep neuer ceafeo ftjooting off of great ©?ctnance, 
 
 Jfrom Alexandria 31 faileD to Argier, tobett 31 lap toitlj S^.TyptonConfuIlof tbcEnglifli 
 
 nation, toho bfeo me mod kmblp, ano at bis otone cljarge, nice brought mee to tlje kings Court, 
 
 ano 
 
 Roficito. 
 
 ■STlKTnrVes 
 Sent, 
 
 Confuus 
 Argier. 
 
Fight in the Lettant. Traffiques and Difcouenes. 285 
 
 aviD into ttjcpjefence of tijc King, to fee bim, and tlje maners ot the Court : the i\ing ooetijoiulp 
 beare tbe name of a King, but tlje greateft goucrnment is in tbe banes ottlje fouloiers. 
 
 C!)£Kt"5ofPotancat31JJ[foncrtnArgicr,tol)aconmtt!ip;toConftantinopIe,toachnotoIeDge 
 anuetp to tbe great Turke.toas betrapco lip bis oumenc pljeto, lebo to?oti- to tlje Turke, tljat Ijcc 
 tonuonelp ais a fpp.bp t^at mcanes to get IjiBhinpoine, 3! OcsrD at Ai gier of fcuen Q5aHic0 tljat 
 mere at tb« time call atoap at a tolune calleD Fonnemera: thjee of tbem lucre of Argicr,tljc otljer 
 fouretocrctbe Cb?iiiians. 
 
 £Ele found Ijcrealfo 1 ^.Englifhmcn, tubicljtocrebpfojce of tocatfte c put into tl;e bap of Tu- 
 nis, tohere tbep Uiere tierp til bfed bp tlje Moores, toho fo ? ceo tbem to leaue tljeit barke : tubere* 
 upon tbep lucnt to tlje Councell of Argier,to require a reD?efTe ano remeepfti? tbe iniuric. ©hep 
 toere all belonojing to the vbippe.callcDtlje Golden Noble of London,toljcreof Scatter Birdeig 
 Aimer, ©be Rafter toas Stephen Hafejwood, ann tlje Captaine Edmond Bence. 
 
 ©hetljirde dapofDecember,.tbepinnellc called the Moone{hineofLondon,camc to Argiet 
 toitlj a p?i?c,b)bkb tbep toofcc npon tlje toafl of Spainc,lancn toitlj fugar, bides.miD ginger : tlje 
 pinnelTealfo belongingto tljeGoIden Noble : ana at Argicr tljep rnaoe (ale botb of iljtppe and 
 goobg.toberetoeelefttbematourcommingatoapjlBbicutoastbefeucmbDapofSlanuartcjanb 
 tbefictt bap of JFebjuarp, 31 landed at Dartmouth, and tbefeuentbdapcamctoLondonjtoKb 
 (jumble tbanfces to 9 Imigbtie <Sod,fo? mp fafe arriuail, 
 
 A true report of a worthy fight, performed in the voyage from 1 
 Turkie, by fiuc Ships of London, againft 1 1 .Gallies, and two Frigats of the 
 King of Spaines,ac Tantttlarca within the Strcights, Anno, 1586. Written by 
 Philip tones. ■> 
 
 ^e Sparcljants of London,being of the incorporation of tlje Turky trace Jjauing 
 receiueo intelligence?, annacuertifements, from time to time,that tlje IRing of 
 Spaine grudging at tbe p?ofperitie of tljis kingnnme, bad notonelpof latear* 
 retted al Cnglilb ujips,bodieS,ann goods,in Spainc,but alfo maligning the quiet 
 ! traficjiie tobtclj tljcp bfed to and in tlje dominions.and p?ouinces, under the obe&i- 
 enceof tlje Great Turke.bao giuen oioerto tlje Captainesof bis gallics in tbe Leuant.to binder 
 tbe paffage of all Cngliu) ftjips.and to endeuour bp tbeir bett meanes,to intcrccpctafee.and fpotle 
 them, tbeir pcrfons, and goods t tbep hereupon thougljt it tbeir bettcourfe to fct out tbeir fleete 
 fo? Turkie, in fuel) ttcengtb and abilitie fo? tbeir defence, tbat tbe purpofe of tbeir i%>panifb ene< 
 roie migijt tbe better be p?cuented,and tbe bop age acomplifljen hutb greater fecuritie to the men 
 and ujippes. Jfo? toljiclj caufe, fiue tall, and If oute fijippes,appertatning to London,ano inten* 
 BtngonelpaS©aTc4jant8bopage,toerep?oufoeb and furmtbed toitb all things belonging to tlje 
 §>eas; ©Ijc names tobcrcoftoetetbefe: 
 
 1 , ©be Marchant Royall, a berp bjaue and good fbippe, and of great «po?fe 
 a. ©beTobie. 
 
 3, ©be Edward Bonauenture. 
 
 4, ©beWiIliam,andIohn. 
 y, ©beSufan. 
 
 ©befe fiue departing from the coatt of England , in tbe monetlj ofjTSotiember 1 5 85,fccpt iW 
 getber as one fleete.til tbep came as bigh as tbe 3fle of S icile.toitbin tbe Leuan t . 3no tbere, ae» 
 cojdingto tbe oper anodirection of tlje bopage,eacb Bn'ppe beganto take leaue of tbe rett,ano to 
 teuaratehimfclfe.fettingbiacourfefo? tbeparticularpo?t, tobereuntobeetoasbounoe:onefo? 
 Tripolietn Syria, anotber fojConftantmoplcjtbecljiefeCitieoftbeTurkes^mpire.fituated 
 hpontbe coaft of Romania, calleoofoloe.Thracia, ann tbe rett to tbofe places, tobereunto tbep 
 mere pjiuatlp appointed, %m befo je tbep deuidcdtbemfelues,tbep altogctber confulccd.of and 
 about a ccrtaine and fpeciall place fo? tljcir meeting againe after tlje lading of tbeir goons at tbeir 
 feuerallpojtes. 9noin conclufion,tbe gencrall agreement toastomeeteatZante,an3lQann 
 neere to tbe maine continent of tlje S23efl part of Morea,toeIl knotoen of all tlje Pilots^ tbougbt 
 to be tbe fitted place of tijeir Renrdcuous. Concerning toljicb meeting, it teas alfo couenanteo 
 tm eclje fine.annpjomtfeD^tbat toljatfoeuer (hip of tbefe y.ujoulo firtt arriue at Zantc, Qjouln tljcre 
 flapanDerpcct tbc comming of tlje rett of tbe fleete, fo? tbe fpace of ttoentie napes, ©bisbeing 
 done, eclj man made Ijis bcftballacco?dtngastoindeandtoetber toouloeferue him to fulfill bis 
 tourfe, and to difpatcb btBhufinefle ; and no neede teas tbere to aomoniuj 0? incourage anp man, 
 fceingno time maa ill fpent, no?oppo?tttnitie omitted on anp (toe, in tbe performance of ecfe 
 mansduetie,acco?ding to bis place. 
 
i$6 The Englifli VoyageSjNauigations^F/g/tf in the Leuant. 
 
 3J t fell out tljac tfje Tobic ujljiclj tons bottno fojConftantmopIeljaDmarje fuclj gooD fpecoe, 
 ano gotten fuclj gooc tueatljer,tljat flje fitflof al tlje rcfl came back to tlje tppointeo place of Zante, 
 anD not fo?gcttmg tlje former conclufion, did tbere cafi ancre, attciiDing t(jc arriuall of tbe rett of 
 tl)eflcete ) tolj!cl)acco?Dtng[p(t[)ctt;btiGnf?firKyeifo?i:iED)fail£nnottoI\cepep?omtfe. "CtjeBrtt 
 
 IKJCI aftCCtlje Tobie luas the Royal Marchant, toljiclj together toitfj the William anD Iohn came 
 fromTiipolieutSyria,anoatrtueD at Zante toithintlje ccmpafTe of tlje fo?efaitje time limittec, 
 "Eljcfe Qjips in toUen of tlje iop on all parts ccnceiutD fo? their Ijappp mecting.fptteo not tbe Dlf« 
 charging of tljcit ©finance, tljcfoiinDingofomms g trumpets, tlje fp?cat>ingof€nGgnesiuiu) 
 DtljecluarliheanoiopMibeljauiours.ei-pjeulngbptrjcfcoatttatDfipes.tljeinluatDpjIaDnetreof 
 tbeir mitrtes.bcing alias reaop to iopne together in mutual! confent to refill tlje cruel enemie,aa 
 noto in fpo?ting mancr trjrp maoe mpjtb anD paflimc among tbcmfelues. 'Ojefe tb?ee ban not 
 bene Ions in tlje bauen , but tlje Edward Bonauenture alfo, together Uritb the Sufan ijcr confo?t, 
 lucre ccme from Venice toitb tbeir laDing, tljeGgljt of tobom inc.reafeD the iop of ttjc reu\anDtbep 
 no lefie glaoof tljep?efcnieof tlje others, faltttco tljemin mott fr(enDlpanDkinbefo?t,aceoji>ing 
 to tljemancr of tlje §>cas : anD torjereas fome of tljefe ujtps Boooeat that intrant in feme luam of 
 btctuals, tljcp uicreall content to flap in tVje pojt , till tlje necelfities of ecb ujippe lucre fupplieo, 
 ano nothing mantes to fet out fo? tljeir return*. 
 
 31n cljis po?c of Zante tlje nelucsiuas frefljanDcurrant,of ttuo fcucrall armies ano flectes p;o< 
 uioeo bp tlje king of Spaine,anD Iptngtn icaite to intercept tbem: tlje one confiding of 3 o.llrong 
 <Sallies,fo tocllappointcD in all refpects fo? the luarre, that no neceffarp thing luantcD: anD ttjijf 
 fleetctjouereDabouttljeSireightsof Gibraltar. ^;e other armiebaDj'ti it 2o,©aliies,l3)b«eof 
 fome mere of Sicilie, ano fome of tlje 3flano of Malta, unoer tlje charge anD gouernment oflohn 
 Andrea Dorea , aCaptaineof nameferuing tlje king of Spaine. tljefe tluo outers anoflrong 
 fleetesluaitcDano attenDeointlje ^casfo? none, but tlje Englifhujippes, anD noDoubtmace 
 tbeir accompt ano fure reckoning that not a ujippe Irjouloefcape tljeir furie. 3no tlje opinion al-- 
 fooftljc inhabitants of the 3lfle of Zante luas, that in refpect of tlje number of ©allies in botfj 
 tbefe armies, batting rcceiueo fuclj flreigljt commanDement from tlje king.our fijips ano men be= 
 tng but feto,anblitflein cemparifon of tljem,it mas a tbing.t'n humane reafon tmpolfiblejtfaat toee 
 fijoulo y affe ettrjer taitljout fpotltngjf luc cePtf£D,o j tot'tljout compofiticn at tbelcatf ,ano acfenoln> 
 leogcmetitof Dttetie to tlje Spanifh king. 
 
 ■55ut it luas neither tije reuoit of tlje attenoance of tfacfe atmfes,no? tb^optirions of the people, 
 wo? anp thing elfc,tljat coulo Daunt 0? Difmiip tbe courages of our men,iDljogrounDing tbemfelue* 
 bpontljegoomielTeofcbetrcaufe,anDtbep?omifeof©ob,tobeeDeliuereDfromfucbastoitljout 
 reafon fougbt tbeir Dcftmction.carieDrefolutemtnDcs.notiuttbtfanoiiigaU impcuimentstoaB' 
 uenture tftougb tlje ^cas.anD to finiuj their .i9auigation,maugre tbe beams of tbe Spanifh foul* 
 triers, 35utlcafl tljepfljoulo fcemeteocareIelTe,ano toofecureoftbeireflate.ansbplapingt^e 
 toboleano entire uttrDen of tbeir fafetie upon ©oD#p?auJDence,ujoul&fooIiftjJpp?efumeaItoge* 
 tljer of bis Ijelpe, ano neglect tlje meattes torjitlj toas put into tbeir banoes, tljcp faileo not to entec 
 into counfell among tljemfcIues,anD to Deliberate abuifeolp fo? tljeir belt Defence, §no in tljeeno 
 luitbgenerallconfent.tljeMarchantRoyalliuasappotnteDaDmirall of tbe 8eete,anD tbe Tobie 
 31tceaomtral,bp toijofe o?oerstbe reflpjomifeo tobe DirecteD,anD eclj ujippebotoeD not to bjeake 
 from anotljer,to!jatfoetterertrcmitie BjoulDfall ouc.buttoflanototttotbeDeatb.fojtbebomitu; 
 of tbeir Countrep.anD tlje fruflratingof tbe Ijope of tbe ambitious anD pjottD enemie. 
 
 %fyut in gooD ojjocr tljcp left Zante ano tlje Caflle of Grscia.ann commtttcn tbemfelueS a* 
 game to tlje ^eas, ano p?o ceeoeti in tljeir courfe anD bopage in quietnes, toitbout Ggljt of anp ene* 
 nife, till tbep came ncere to Pantalarea,an3iflanB fo calleo, betinirt Sicilie, ano tlje coaflof A- 
 fricke:tnto ftgljt tobeteof tbep came tbe 1 3 .nap of 3ulp 1586. at»n tlje fame oap in tbe morning 
 about 7,of tbe tlocke tljcp Defer ieD 1 3 .failes in nttmbcr,ibbicb lucre of tlje ©alltes,lping in toatte 
 of purpofe fo \ tljem, in ano about tbat place. 3s fooneas tlje Englifh ftjips ban fpicD tbem.tbep 
 up ano bp accojoing to a common ojoer.maDe tljemfelues reaDp fo? a figbt, IapeD out tbeir SDpi* 
 nance,fcourcD,cljargcD, anopjimeo tbem,DilplapeD tbeir enfignes, ano left notbingbnoone ta 
 arme tljemfelues tb?ottgblp, Sntbemeanetimctbe^alliesmojeanDmojeappjocbeutbeujips, 
 ane in tbeir banners there appearcD tbe acmes of tbe 31 ties of Sicilia,anD Malta.being all as then 
 in tlje fecutceanb pap of tbe Spaniard. 3ImmeDiatIp,botlj tlje 9omiraIs of the ©allies fent from 
 jcboftbem a frigate, to the 9omiral of our Englifh tijips,ialjicb, being come neere tbem, tlje Si- 
 cilian frtgatfirftbaileDtbem,aiiDDemaiiDeboftljembJbence tbep tuerc't&hepanfteercDtbattbcp 
 lucre of England, tbe armes luljereofappeareDin tbeir colours. cSlbereupon tbe faioefrigat eic 
 poltulatebluitbtbem, ano afheo luhp tbep oelapeD to fenoe 0? come luitb tbeir Captaines ano 
 purfers to Don Pedro de Lciua fym ©enerall, to acknoluleDge tljeir out? anD obebience to tjnm 
 
 in 
 
Figbtin the Leuant. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 
 
 in the name oftlje Spanifh king,lLo?D oftljofc feas *: ©urmen rfylieD^no fatD,that the }' oluco no 
 fucb Dttetie no? obeDience to bim,anb tfjcrcfo?e toJottlb acknotoleoge nonctmt conmianbeb the fri- 
 gat to Depart tuitlj tljat anftuetCj aim not toffap longer a tyabling, bpon her pctill. COttb ttjats- 
 toap ftje went.anD bp comes totoarb tljem the other fngat of MaIca,ano Qiee tit like fo jt batleb the 
 9t>miral,ariD inoulb rieebs kttotn tohence cljcp toc^aiiD luhtrc thep ban bene* ©ur Englifhmen 
 in tijc abmirall, not bffiSatriing an anfaere, coloe them that thep lucre of England, gparrhants 
 of London,haDbene at Turkie,ano iuere noui returning bometanb to be rcquiteo in this caff,tf;ep 
 alfoncmatmoeo oftljeftigatbjbenceujeanbtbercltof the (Sallies mere : tljemelfengeranftEe* 
 rcD,toe arc of Malta,anofojmmc otonepartmp name is Cauallero.'&bcfe (Sallies are in feruice 
 aim pap to tlje king of Spaine.bnber tlje conouct of Don Pedro de Leiua a noble man of Spaine, 
 tuho Ijattj bene commanbeb hither bp the ISino; toiclj tbtspjefentfojee anb armte,of purpofe to in- 
 ter ceptpou. |?ou fijaTfi therefo;e(quotbhe)Do toell to repatre to him.tohnoto bis pleafurCjbe is a 
 noble man of gooD bebauiour aha courtcfie,ano mcancs pottno ill. "SLlje Captame of tlje Englifli 
 9omttal,U)bofe name toas9©.Ed ward Wiliunfon,repltcDanDfaio,IQcptirpofe not at this time 
 to make mall of Don Pedro bis courteu"e,bJhereof toe are fufpittotts anb boubtful,ano not ixitly- 
 ottt goob caufe: ufing wit ball gooo toojbS to the meflenger.anb toilling him to come aboojb Ijiin, 
 pjomiitngfecantieanBgoobbfagcthatthercbp be might the better knotoc the Spaniards niinoe: 
 thereupon he inbeco left his frigat.anb came aboo?D him,rjjbombee mtertainea in frtenolp fo?t, 
 alio caufeb a cuppe of toinc to be ojatone fa? him, tofjith Ije tooUe anb beganne, bDirlj bis cap m bis 
 ljanD,anDtottbreuerenbtcrmestob?mke to the Ijealtl) of tlje ©.ueene of England, fpcakingbe^ 
 rp bonoucablpofljcr3!£atclIie, anb gt'utnggoob fpcechesof the courteous Dfageanointcrtcinc 
 ment that be himfelfe baorcceiucb in London,at the time that tlje Duke of Alenfbn,u;?othcr to the 
 lateFrenchfeingroaslattin England: anb after Ijehabbjellbntnke.beetockebis leaue,fpeaking 
 tocll oftlje fufficiencieano goobneffe of our ujippes,ano efpeciaflp oftlje Marchant Royal,bj!jicb 
 he confclTcfl to Ijaue feenc bcfo?e,cibing in tfje Thames ntere London, ©pe toas no fooncr come 
 to Don Pedro dc Leiua the Spanifh general,but be toas fent off againe,atib rcturncb to tlje Eng. 
 liffi 3omirall,fapins that tbeplcafttreoftbe (Senerall foas tbis,that eitljer thctrCaptaines,3B>a* 
 OersanbpurfersQjoulDcometohimtoitb fpeeo.ojelfe Ijee tuoulbfet bpon tbcm.anD either take 
 tljem o? finke them. 'She replptnas mabe bp M.Wilkmfon afo jefatSjtbat not a man fljoulo come 
 to ljim:anb f 0} the bjaggc anb threat of Don Pedro, it boas not that Spanifh brauado tijat ftjoulo 
 make tbf m peclo a tot to their binberance, but thep boere as reabp to make re(illance,ag be to of- 
 fer aniiiittrie. (Klhereupon Cauallero tlje mettengcr left b?agging,anb began to perftuaDe them 
 in quiet fo?t,anD tuitlj manp bJo?bes,but all bis labour boas to no purpofe,anD as his threat bio no= 
 thing terrifie tijem,fo bis perftuafion Din nothing mooue them to doc that tobtclj bee rcnutrcb, 9t 
 tlje lad Ije intreateo to Ijaue the 90arcbant of the ibmirall carieo bp htm as a mcflfcnger to the G5e= 
 neralLtlja! fo he might be fatifgcD.anrj atTureo of their minbes bp oneof their otonc companp.T3iit 
 Sp.Wilkinfon toottlb agree to no fucb thing.although Richard Rowit the marchant Ijimfelfc fee* 
 mcbbJillingtobeeimplopcDin tbatmeQTage, annlaboureb bp reafonable perfiuafionstoiiiDtice 
 90.Wilkinfon to graunt it.asljoping to be an occafionbp Ijtspjefence anb Bifcreet anfuicres to fa« 
 ttfSe the (55enerall,anD thercbp to faue tlje cffuGon of £b?iflian bIoob,if it (boulo groto to a battel. 
 3nb fje feemeb fo much the mo je nriUing to be fent,bp Ijatu mttclj beeper the otbes ano p?o tcflati* 
 ons of tljisCauallerotoere, tbatbebjoulb (asljce rjaasatruc knight anb afouloier) Dclitterhim 
 backe agatne infafette toljts companp, 9lbEit,3p.Wilkinfon,babicb bp his long crpertenccbatr 
 receiueo fumctent triall of Spanifh inconCancte anb pcriurie, tuiujeD htm in no cafe to put bis life 
 anb Itbertie in ba^arb bpon a Spaniards othe. 5t>ut at lafi,bpon much intrcatii,bcc pecloco to let 
 Ijimgoto the <Seneral,tbinkinginDeeo,tljatgoobfpcecbes anb anftuercs of rcafon tooulo Ijaue 
 contentcb him, toljereasotherbJife refufallto oo fo.mightperabuenture Ijaue p?ouokeb tlje moje 
 bifcontentment. 
 
 sp.Rowit tbercfo?epau*mg to tlje Spanifh <Senerall,the rett oftlje (Sallies hatting efpicb htm, 
 thought in DeeotbattbeEngliflibJererathetoetermtneb to pcelbe.then tottght, anoibercfojc 
 came flocking aboutthefrtgat,cuerp man crying outjQuenueuas.qucnueuas.Cpaucthrfc Eng- 
 lifh men peelbeb i tlje frigat anftoereb, jf5ot fo.thep neither baue,no? ptirpofc to pceio, onelp tljcp 
 Ijaue Cent a man of their companp to fpeaketnithour ©enerall : anb being come to the ©altie 
 therein he bJas,bcujcbJCD himfelfe to Sg),Rowit inbis armour,ht'Sguarb offottlbtcrs attcmring 
 bpon him in armour alfo,anb began tofpeake berp p?ouDlpin tljts fo?t: ^Ijou En ghfh man, from 
 lubtnceis pour flccte, bJhp ttanbpe aloofe off,knorue pe not pour wttie to tlje Catljolique iking, 
 bJhofe perfon 3 here rcp?efent *: ffllfctz are pour billes of labing^our lettcrs^pafpojts^nnb the 
 cbtefe of pour men': SDIiinke pe mp attenbance in tljefe feas to be tnbaine,o? mp prrfon to no put' 
 pofC:lLetaltfjefetl)tngsheDoncoutofijanDas3commanb,bponpameofmpfurtherDifplcaftirc 
 
 ano 
 
288 TheEnglilh Voyages^NauigationSjF/g/tf /» theLeuant. 
 
 ano tljc fpople of pintail 1 ; ^befetoojdes of tbe Spanilh©enerall toere not fooutragiouflppjo* 
 nounced.as ttjcv toere mildlp anf irered bp 90.Rowit,tobo toloc him tljat tbep toerc al Sparcbanc* 
 mm,bfrogtrafique inboncHfojt, anofeeking topaffe quictlp,tftbcp toerc notbjgeo further then 
 reafon, as fo? tlje king of Spain^fae thought (fo? his pare) that t^cre toas amine bcttoirt Ijim and 
 his foueraigne the Hueene of England.fo ti)at«tetcl)crljc no? i)tst officers fboulogoe about to of* 
 fer anp fucljimurte to Englifh C|9archantB , tobo as tbep toere farre from gtuing offence to anp 
 tnan,fo thep tooulo be loath to take an abufe at the hanoes of anp, o? fit dotone to the tr loffe,tohere 
 tbeirabilitie toas able to make defence, anoastouchinghiscommanoemencaforefaioc^the 
 acknotoleoging of outte,in fucb particular fo?t,be told bim.tbat tobere tljerciuas no dutic otoing, 
 tljcre none ftjoulo be petfojmeo, affuctng htm tbat tljett tohole companp and fbippes in general!, 
 Good refolmelp bpon the negatiue.and mould not peeld to anp fucb bitreafbnable ocmaunD.iopneD 
 toitlj fucb imperious ana absolute maner of commanding, (Kftbp tben,faie he,if tljep toil neither 
 come to peelOjHo? fbeto obedience to me in the name of mp king,3 toil either finite them o? b?ing 
 tljem to barbo?, and fo tell them from me, £t3itb that the frigat came atoap toitlj £^,Rowit,anti 
 tyougljt him aboojo the Englifh admiral agatne according to p?omlfe:tobo toas no fboner entrttt 
 in,but bp ano bp defiancetoas founded on both fidestclje Spaniards hctoed off the nofes of the <Sal= 
 Iies,that nothing migljt hinder the leueil of the fbot.ano the Englifh on the other floe rouragtouflp 
 prepared themfelues to the combat ,euerp man according to his roome,bent to performs his office 
 toith alactitie ano diligence. 3!n tlje meane time a Cannon toas difcharged from the admiral! 
 ofthegaUies,tohicbbeingt^eonfetoftheBgbt,toasp?efentlpanftoeredbp the Englifh 9omiral 
 toithaiCulueringifotheffeirmimhcgan^nogretohotanoterriblc^fjcretoasnopoiioernojibot 
 fpareo : ecb Englifh (hip matched itfelfe in good ojoer agamic ttoo Spanifh ©allies, befioes the 
 ineqttalitte of the frigatson tlje Spaniards fioe: ano although our men performed their parts toithj 
 lingular balute,acco?otng to their frrengtb.inromuch tljattbe cnemic as amafed theretoitij tooulo 
 oftentimes paufe and ttap.ami confult toljat toas belt to be done.pet tljep ceafed not in the midfl of 
 their buSneffe to make p?aper toaimightp ©od the reurnger of al eulls,and the giuerof bicto?ies, 
 tbat it tooulo pleafc him to affiathem in that good quarellof theirs, in defending themfelues a* 
 gatnft fo p?oud a tp?ant, to teach their IjanDea to toarre.ano trjeir fingers to figbt,that the glo?p of 
 the Utctojp might redound to his jl2ame,and to tbebono? of true Eeligion,tofaich the tnfolent enc» 
 miefottgljtfomucb to ou«tb?otoe, Contrartlp.tbetcoliuj Spaniardes cried out according to 
 their maner,not to ©oo.but to our ladp(as tbep terme tljetiirgin Mary)faping,£> JLaop helpe,© 
 bleueo Ladp gitte bs the bicto?p,ano tlje bono? tbereof ibalbe thine. djus toith blotocs ? p?ap< 
 crs on botlj fides tbe fight continued furious and Gjarpe.ano doubtful a long time to tobtch part the 
 bicto?p toould incline: til at tbe lair the admiral of tlje ©allies of Sicilie began to toarpc from the 
 8ght,and to bolse bp her fioe fo? feare of finking, and after her tocnt alfo ttoo others in like cafe, 
 toljom al tbe fo?t of them inclcfeo.labouring bp all tljeir meancs to keepe them abone toater,Ueing 
 rcadp bp tbe fo?ce of Englifh fljot toljicb trjep had receiued^o perifb in tlje feast $ tohat fiaughtcr: 
 toas none among the Spaniards themfelues, tlje Englifh toere bncertaine,but bp a p?obable con* 
 iccture apparant afar off,tbep fnppofco their loffe toas fo great.that tbep toanteo men to continue 
 »fi86tof(iuf tbecljargingoftfieir pieces: tobercupontoitbu)ameanodifhono? > afters,ljonresfpentinthebat= 
 Sontea. tel,tbep toithdjeto tljemfelucs: and the Englifh contented in refpect of tbeir oecpe lading, rather 
 to continue tljeir bopage tljen to folloto tlje cbafe,ceafed from further blotoes,toith the lotfe onelp 
 of ttoo menflatne amongtt tbcm all, and another ijurt in bis arme, toljom Sp.Wilkinfon toith his 
 good toojos and fricnolp pjomifes did fo comfo?t,tljat Ije notbingeff eemeo tlje fmart of Ijis toouno 
 in refpect of the honour of tlje bicto?p,ano tlje fljamefull repulfe of tbe enemp, 
 
 'gtbus toitlj dttetiful thankes to the mercp of ©oo fu? his gracious atTiflance in that oanger.the 
 Englifli Chips proceeded intbeic33auigation,andcommtngas bighas Alger, a po?ttotone bpon 
 the coaftof Barbary,tljep fell toitlj it, ofpurpofe to refrcuj themfelues after their tocarineffr.anB 
 to take in fuclj fupplp of f refb toater gjbictuals , as tljep needed : tljep toerc no fooner entred into 
 the po?t,but immediatlp the king thereof fent a metfenger totbe ftips to knotoe toljat thep toere, 
 toitb tohtchmeflenger tlje cljiefemaCerofccbujtppe repaired to tljeking.and acquainted him not 
 onelp toitlj the Hate of tljeir flj'P0>in refpect of marcbanoi^e, but toitb the late fight tobich thepban 
 paffed toith theSpanifh©8llres,repojtingeuerp particular circumfiance intoojdas it fell out in 
 action: tobereof the fatokingujetoeoljimfelfemaruetlousgladjiiitertciningtbem fit the btftfo?c, 
 ano pjomtfing abundant reliefe of alltheirtoants^nakinggenerall proclamation in the citpbpon 
 paine of deatl;,that no man of tobat degree o? flate foeuer^e toere,fi;oulop?efume either tohtnoec 
 tljem in tljeir affaires, o? to offer them anp maner of iniurp in boop o? gooos. 35p bertue tohereof 
 tljep oifpatciieo al things in ercellentgood fo?t,toitb al fauo? ^peaceableneue:onlpfucb p?ifcneris 
 and capcities of the Spaniards as toere in the £ttie»feemg tlje good bfage tobicb thep rccctued,anti 
 
 bearing 
 
AdJPil.Harborne.Traifiques andDifcoueries. 289 
 
 bearing alfo wbat feruice tljep Ijao ptrfo jmeo agatntt tlje fojefaioc Ooallit g, gmogeo ejrcecoiiiglp 
 . again!! tbem, ano fottgljt ag mucfj ag tbep coulo to pjactife fume tmfcJjttfc againG tbem : auo one 
 amongtt tbe red feeing an Englishman alone in a certainc lane of tbe Cirie ;came upon (jim fno= 
 Denlp.nttotMtljbis knife tfouft btm in tlje fiocpctmaoe no fwb great Uiouno.but tljat it toqs eafilp 
 recoucrto, ?Kje Englilli compaup bearing of it.acquaintcotbe king ttjubtbc fact,ttboimmrDi*= 
 atlp tent botb fo? tbe partptljat ban receiueo the tuouno, ano tlje offencer alfo, aim caufeo an cre= 
 cucioner ht tbe pjefcuceof ljtmCeife ano tbe Englilh,to ebattife tbe fiaue cut n to ocatb,toIjich i»as 
 perfojmeD to tbe enot tbat no man Qjoulb pjefume to commit tbe Ufce parr,o \ to eoe imp t bmg in 
 contempt of bis ropalcommanoement. 
 
 ^{jeEngliOi IjauingreccineD cbid goaD tiiltice at tfiehftigs 6<miis(,nnii alotljcrtbingstbnt tbrp 
 toanteOjO? coulo craue fo? tbe furnifljing of tbeir ft)ippes,toofce tbeir leaucof bim.ar.o oftbereC of 
 tbett frienoeg, tbat were reticent in Alger, ano put ont to &ea, looking to mrcte tottlj tbe fecono 
 armp of tljeSpantfhfang,B)bic!jujaiteDfo? tljem about t!je motitb of tbe Straights of Gibraltar, 
 tabid) cljep toere of necettttte to paffr, 3But comming neere to tbe faio Streight,it pleafec ©oo to 
 raifeat tbatinttantaberpoarkeanomiaicfoggc/otbatcnefyipcouloe not Difccrue anodjer,if ic 
 mere 4o.pacesoff: bp meanes u)bereof,togctljer tottlj tbe notable fairc «Eattetne nunug tl;at tlje» 
 bleuie moll 5t foj erjeir coutfe, tbep paffeo toitb great fpeeo tfaougb tbe Streighr,ano snigOt baue 
 paffeo toitb ttjac gooo gale, ban tljerc bene joo.<SaUicg to toitljttano tbem, ano.tlje aire ncuer fo 
 clearcfoieuerpujiptobeteene. 15ut pet tbe Spanifh ©allies ban afigbtpftbcmtnljcntljep niece Wj*! 1 "' 
 come ttridjin 3 .'Englifh mileg of tbe totnnc,anD mace after tbem in all poffible Ijaae.ano altbpttgb ifmg ?„ X e 
 tbep fain tbat tljep luere farre out of tbeir reacb, pet in a uaine furp anD fooltO) p?ioe,t Ijep Bjoc off li >i '•>« E "s |ilh - 
 tbeirSJ^inance.anomaDealltrreiutbe^eaagiftbepbaBbeneintbemiDaoftbem.tofctcbbani' 
 tie of rtjeirg minttlrco to our men notable matter of pleafure auo mirtb, feeing men to ttglje ttittb 
 JbaooUies.anDto take fo great paines to fo fmallpurpofe, 
 
 13ttt tljus it pleafr o ©00 tooerioe.ano oeluoe all tbe fo?ces of tbat p?ouo Spanifh Iung;tobtcb 
 be bat" pjouioeB of purpofe to otfireffe tbe Enghflj, tutjo notnritbttanoing paffeo tlj jougb botlj ty.$ 
 armies, in tbe one, little burt , ano in tlje otber notbingtoucbeo, to tbe glo?p of bis immojtall 
 3i5ame,tbe bonour of out prince ano Countrep, ano tlje iua coinmenoation of eclj mang feruice 
 per f jmeo in tbat oopage* 
 
 The returne of Matter William Harhornefiom Constantinople ouef 
 land to London^ i$SS. 
 
 Dcparteo from Constantinople toitlj 3 eperfons of mp fut't ano famtlp tbe ?♦ 
 ofQiupft. TPrifRngtl;?ougbtbeCountriegofThracia,riouica!leo Romania 
 tbegreat,VaIachia $ Moldauia, tobereariuingtbe ^.of@>eptember3tBas 
 I accoping to tbe Grand Signior bis commanocment berp courteoullp mtertei* 
 nco ^ Peter Ijig pofitiue p jince,a Grccke bp p^ofcffion, toitb nibom tuag con< 
 cluoeo tbat ber^aietticgfubiectgtberetrafiquiiigfijoulo pap btitc(;?eetipon 
 tbe buno jetbjBJbicb as toell bis otone S>ubtectg as all otber nations anltuere : ttrjofe letters to bcr mt m 
 C^atefliebeertant, ilUbence 31 pjocceoeo into Polaiid,n)beretbebtgrj2Cbance!crfentfo?mec twt^imtecf 
 tbe 2 7.oftlje fame monetb.9no after mott bono^able intettainmentimparteotoitbmeinfecret &umu totSe 
 maner tbe late paffeo ano pjefent occurrentg of tbat biitgoome, ej alfo be mjit to ber SpaiePie, ^tme cr m 
 ^Hjence 3 bafleobnto Elbing.tubere tlje 1 2,of ©ctobet 31 teas mott frienolp toclcomeo bp tbe £S e f 
 Senate of tbat Citp, tobom 31 finoe ano ittoge to be faitbfullp Deuoteo to ber Sgaiefties feruice, fliuteiit. 
 tobofe leiccrg likctoife onto tbe fame loerep?efenteo me. 3flo leffe at Dantzik tbe 27 f of tljat mc* 
 nctb 31 tuag courteoullp receiueo bp one of cbeTSurDUgbniaflers accompantco Soitb ttoo otberg of 
 tlje Senate,? aCiuiloocto?tbeir^ecretarie. 3fter going tb?ougb tlje lanoof Pomera reflro 
 one nap at Stetin,tobete,fo? tbat p* ottke" teas abfent,notbirtg ehfueo,!3t Roftoke 3 paffeo tb?ougb 
 tbe€itie toitbout anp Hap, ano at Wifmar receiueo like frienolp greeting as in tbe otber pla* 
 ces:but at Lubeck,fo? tbat 31 came late ano DeparrcB earlp in tbe mojning,3l teas not irifitco, 9t 
 Hamburgtbc i9.of il5ouember,anDat Stoadcbenintbof December in like mancr 3 uias falti-- 
 teo bp a T5o?ougbmattcr ano tbe i§>ecretarie , ano in all tbcfc place? tljep pjefenteo nice funo?p 
 fb?tg of tbeir bell mine ano frelb 68), euerp of tbem toitb a Iongoifcourfe, congratulattng.tn tlje 
 names of tbetr robolc Menace, bee Cpaieflieg »icto?p ouer tbe Spaniard, ano mpfafc returne, 
 conducing tuitb offer of tbeir reaop feruice to ber future oifpoCng. get tlje Dantziks after 
 mp Departure tbence caufco tlje 9parcbants to pap cullome fo? tbe gooos tbep bjougbt rottb tbem 
 in mp companp.tobicb none otber tobineneirijer 3nfioelgnoj€b?iftiang on p toap cuec ocnianoeo. 
 3nD notiuitbttanDing tlje pjemittes, 3 »ias moR certainlp infojmeo of funo jp of our nation tljere 
 
 B b refioem 
 
290 TheEnglifh Voyages,Nauigations, Turfy paiments. 
 
 reticent tbat moflof tl;e Hanfe-towns Upon tbe fea coattS,cfpectaIIp Dantzik,Lubeck,ano Ham- 
 borough baue laDenanotoereujipptngfojSpaine,greatp^uifionofcome, cables, ropes.pQto* 
 
 ocr, f alt peter, bargubmTcs, armour, Iron, I eaoc, copper, ann all otber munition fettling foj tbe 
 toarre, CiHtjcrcupon 31 gatrjer tljeir faincD courteRe pjqcccded ratbec fo? fcare tljcnof anpgoon 
 affection Unto Ijcr Cpatefttes feruice, Elbinganc Stoad onelp crctpteCjtobicbofouctiefojtbcic 
 rommooit ie 31 efleemeo toell affecteo. 
 
 The priuilege of Peter the Prince of Moldauia gtzunted to the 
 Englifh Marchants. 
 
 Etrus Dei gratia princeps Valachiae & Mbldauiae; fignificamus praefentibus,vni. . 
 
 | uerfis & fingulis quotum intereft ac intererit,quod cum magnifico domino Gui- 
 
 ) lielmo Harcbome oratore Serehifsimx ac potentifsima; dominx,dominx Eliza- 
 
 (betha; Dei gratia Anglise, Francis, ac Hibernian Regins apud Setenifsimumac 
 
 potentifsimum Turcarum Imperatorcm hanc confticutionem fecerimus : Nimi- 
 
 rum vt dehinc fug Serenitatis fubditis, omnibufque mercatoribus integrum fit hk in prouincia 
 
 nottra commorandi,conuerfandi,mercandi,vendendi, contrahendfque,imo omnia cxercendi, 
 
 qua: mercatura: ac vitshumans focietas vfufquerequiric, fine vlla alicuius contradidtione,auc 
 
 inhibitione: faluo ac integro tamen iureTelonij noftri ; hoceft , vt a fingulis rebus centum du- 
 
 catorumpretij,tres numercnt. Quod ratum ac firmum conftitutione nofira haberi volumus. 
 
 In cuius rei firmius tciiimonium,figillum noftrum appreflum eft. A6tum in caftris noltris die 
 
 27,mcnfis Augufti,anno Domini 1 588. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 PEter Op the grace of (Sou pjmce of Valachia ann Moldavia; toe Ggmfieup tbefe pjefcntstoal! 
 ano finguler petfons.tobom it ootb 0? fball conceme, tbat toe Ijaue mace tbis agreement tottlj 
 tbe toojtbp gentleman William Hareborne 3mbaffaDo j df tfje rtgljt bigb ano migbtp pjince.trje 
 lLaBp Elizabeth bp tbe graceof<SoDCiueeiie of England^Frahce ano Ireland,toitlj tfee mtittpuipi 
 fant ana mtgbtie €mperour of tbe Turkes : Co toit te,ttjat frombencefoojtlj it ftjalbe latofWl fo? 
 rjer bigbneffe fubtects ano all ber flparcbants,to remaine, conuerfejbup.fcl^argaine anc erercife 
 all fuel) tljings, as tlje trace of marcbanotfe, ano bumane focietie ano ufe requtretrj,tottbout anp 
 binoeranceojlct 5 tberigbtofourCuttomealtoapcsreferueo; Cbati'Mbat tbeppaptb?eeou« 
 cats topon all fuclj tbings as amount to tbe pjice of one buncjeo Ducats, CGbitbbp tbtsourojiu« 
 nance toe commano to be furelp ano fitmelp obfertteo ; iToj rije raoje aflureo tefltmonp tobereof, 
 our feale is hereunto aimejtco. (Siuen in our Gampe tljc 27, of tbe monetb of 9uguQ in tbe 
 peeteof ourjtojoi 5 8 8. 
 
 A briefe extract fpecifying the certaine dayly paiments, anlwe- 
 red quarterly in timeof peace, by the Grand Signior 3 out of hisTreafurie,to 
 
 the Officers of his Seraglio or Court , luccefsiuely in degrees : colleftcd in aycercly to- 
 tall fumme, as followeth. 
 
 1 £) } bis! otone Diet euerp cap, one tfjoufanc ano oneaipers,acro?oing to a former cu- 
 
 ; ' Home recciuco from his aunceQojs : nottoitbttancing tbat otber toifc bis Diurnall 
 
 lerpenceisi3erpmucb>sncnotcmainlpltnotoen,tobicbfummemaktbQ£rItngnio* 
 
 ' nep bp tbe pere, ttoo thoufancone bunc jcc,<? 2 .pouncs, tljjee u)illinojs,eigbt pence. 
 
 Cbe fiue ano fouctie tboufanc Ianizaries eifperfee in funojp places of bisoomi* 
 
 iitons, at fire afpers tbe cap, amountetb bp tbe peete to Sue buncjet b, foutefco je ano eleuen t bott-- 
 
 fanc,ano tb?ce bunc?etb pounos, 
 
 CbeAzamoglans, tribute cl)ilu?en,farte furmount tbat number, foitfcattbep are collected 
 from among tbe Chriftians.fromtobom bettoeene tbepeeres of Ore ancttoelue,tbep arepulleo 
 atoap peerelp perforce: tobereof 31 fuppofe tbofe in ferutce map be equall in number toitb tbe I*- 
 nizanes abouefaio, at tb?ec afpers a oap,one toitb anotber, toljtcb is ttoo bunc?eo, fourtfeoje anc 
 fifteenetboufancfirebunojec ancfif tie pouncs* 
 
 Cbe fiue Baffas, tobereof tbe Hicerop is f upjeme.at one tboutann afpers tbe oap,beBoes tbeir 
 
 per cli) rcuenues, amountetb Qerling bp tbe peerc to ten t boufano.ninc bunc jeo ancfiftie pounos, 
 
 Clje fiue Begletbegs, cbiefepjefiCentS of Greece,Hungary anC Sclauonia.beingtn Europe, 
 
 tn Nacolia,anc Caramania of Afia.at one tboufanoe afpers tbecap: as alfo to eigbteene otber go* 
 
 uernours of pjouinces,at fiue bunu i eo afpers tlje cap, sinouwett; bp tbe peere,to tbtrtte tboufano 
 
 Sre buncjec, auo tljjee&oje pouncs, 
 
 ®\}Z 
 
i — — '• """ ■ " — — ' ' - 
 
 The c furl{spaiments. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 291 
 
 ®ije Balia.StamiraU uf tlje s«>ca,one tboufanD alpers tl;c oap,tujo ttjoufano,onc bunojco,toure 
 Tco^e auo ten thouCano pounos. 
 
 %\)t Aga of tbe Ianizaries, gencrall ofthc foot emeu, fine lutnujcn afpers tljeoap, anomaKetb 
 bp tbc peere in QerlinsiHonep^ne tbottfauD.foiirefcoje auo fiftcene pounojs, 
 
 %\)t Imbrahur BaiTa.^aGer of bis bo?fe,one IjuitDjcD attii fiftie afpers tbe Dsp,is flerlingmo* 
 n<p,th>ee (jtmDicD anD eiftijc auo ttoentp pomtos, 
 
 •©be cbiefe Cfqi'.irc btwer him, one tjun^eo anD fiftie afpers, is thjee IjtmoieD ano cigljt ano 
 ttonitppoutiDs. 
 
 ©je Agas of tlje Spahi.C nptames of the bojfemcn, fire.at one fjimojeo anD fiftie afpers to ti* 
 t^er of £l)cni,maketl) tteclina;,onc t(jotifiU)D 3 nmc ljunojcD,th?ee fcoje ar.D dttien pounds* 
 
 SLrje Capagi Bafias beno posters foure, one IjuuDjeDano fiftie afpers to ecb, auo mafectfjoutin 
 (ferlinaj monep bp the peere,one tljoufami,tb;iec Ijunojc5,ano foureteene pounos, 
 
 %\)Z Siiinghir Bafla, Controller of the (jotuljoloe , one IjunDjteD anc ttoentie afpers tbeoap.ano 
 mahecljout in Ceding monep bp tlje peere, ttoo bunDjco,tbjcefcoje ano ttoo pounces, Grteene 
 nuttings. 
 
 Sh"? ChausB3fla,Captaine of tlje Penfioners,onc ljunojeo ano ttoentie afpers tfjeoap,ami 
 amountctb to bp tbe peere in Berliug moncp, ttoo bunojeo , tlj jcefcoie ano ttoo pounos, firtcene 
 fijillincsS. 
 
 She Capigilar Caiafi, Gaptatue of Ijis 15argc, one hunojeth ano ttoentie afpers tlje Dap , ann 
 maftetlj ottt bp tlje peere in (reeling monep, ttoo butiDjco , tb?ee fcoje auo ttoo pounoes, firteene 
 (billings. 
 
 Clje Solach BaiTi, Captaine offtis paw , one ljunD?eo anD ttoentie afpers, ttoo fjuntijco, tljjee 
 fcrjeatiDttoopounDs,firceene (hillings, 
 
 CljeGiebrigiBa(Ti,mafleroftl)earmourp,oneIjunD?eDanDttoentpafpers,ttoo|)unB?eD,tlj?ee 
 fco?e anD tiao pounDSjDrteent (billings. 
 
 She Topagi Ba(Ti,۩afteroftfee artillerie,one hunojeo ano ttoentie afpers,ttoo hunojeDjth^ee 
 fcoje ano truo pottnDs,firteene fijilliitgs. 
 
 She Echim Ba(Ti,y Ijifition totjis perfon,one ftunDjeo ano ttoentie afpers,ttoo (junojeDjthjee 
 fco?e auottoo pounos,firteene ujillings. 
 
 So fottrtic pijifitions onoer bun, to ecb fourtie afpers,is tbj.ee t|)oufanD, eight founo?eB,tf#ee 
 fcoje anD u"ce pounDS.firtecne (billings, 
 
 She Mudafaracas fpcaremen,attcnbing on bis perfon.in number fine bunujeB,to either tbjee 
 fcoje aipers,anD mafcrtb tfcrliug,tb?cefcQ?e ano fiuc tljouCanD.ano feucn hunojeD pounos. 
 
 She Cifingeri,gentlemen,attenomg fcpon Ijis aiet,fauttie 3 at fourtie afpers ech of thcm,arffi a* 
 motmtctlj to Seeling bp the peere.tbjee tboufano,fiue httnDjxD anD foure pounos. 
 
 Sijc Chaufi i3enfioners, foure buno?eo ana fourtie, at tbirtie afpers, ttoentp eight ttjoufanrj, 
 nine bunD?£D,aiiD eigbt pounDS. 
 
 •Slje Capagi po jters of tlje Court anD Citp, foure IjtinDjeB, at eigljt afpers , anD maftetfo flef« 
 ling monep bp tlje peere, feuen tboufanD^no eight pottnos. 
 
 CljeSolachi.arcIjersofljtsguarD.tbjeeljunDjetlj ann ttoentp,at nine afpers,anDeommetbSn« 
 to in Englifh monep.tbe futnme of lire tboufanD ,tb?eeljturtneD ano CrepounDS* 
 
 Sbe Spahi, men ol 3rmes of tlje Court anD tbe Citp , ten tboufano, at ttoentp fiue afpers,ann 
 maketljof Englifh monep,fiue bunDjeo/ojtp anD feuen tljoufanDiauofiuerjunD^eDpounDU, 
 
 Slje Ianizaires firteene tljoufanD,at fir afpers, is ttoo IjunojeD ano ten tboufanD,anu ttoo bun» 
 D?eDanDfo?tppotmDS. 
 
 %\)Z G iebegi furbutbers of armo^one tboufanD,fiue rjuitD?eD,at fire afpers,anD anfcuntet^ to* 
 Oerttng monep,ninetecne tljoufanD,feuen bunD?eD,anDfourefco]ic paunos. 
 
 %\)z Seiefir, feruitojs in l)is G quier o? Cable , 6ueljunD?eD,at ttoo afpers,affl> mauet^ fierlinj 
 monep.ttootboufanD.oncljuuDjcD.fourefcojeanDtenpounDS, 
 
 ■Cbc Sacfi,<g>aDlers anD bit makers,ftue fjunD?eD,at feuen afpers,feuentljoufanD,Cr (janDjettj 
 tlj?eefco?e ano fine pounos. 
 
 Sbe Cacergi, Carriers bpon S^ules, ttoo buns jeD,at fiue afpers,ttoo tfcoufano, ene {juno^Di 
 fottrefco^e ano ten pottnDS, 
 
 Wqz Ciriegi, Carriers bpon Camels, one tboufanD, fiue rjunD?eD, at eigrjt afpers,anu amoun* 
 tetb in (lerlin.j moncp,to ttoentp fire tboufanDjttoo bunojeD.anD fourefco?e pounos. 
 
 , 2LijeReiz,o?Captainesoftbe(!5atlies,tb?eebunD?eD,att(nafpers,anDaniountetbinEngli(h 
 monep bp tlje peere, tlje fumnie of fire tljoufanD,fiuc bunD?eD,tljjecfcoje ano ten pounos. 
 
 , EbeAiechingi,S0a(!crsoftbcfaiD(SaUies,t^ee^unD?eD,at feuen afpets/ouretl)oufanD,fiue 
 fcuiiojco , fourefcojc ano niueteene pounos, 
 
 Bb 2 Zip 
 
292 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations^T/;^ Turks officers, 
 
 ^be Getti, Xnjateltoames tljercof, tb?ee IjunDjeo, at fire atpers,is ct>?ee cboufanDe,mne bun- 
 DjcD.fourtp anB ttoo pounds, 
 
 <&{)e Oda Ba/si, Surfers, tbjee bannjeti, at futeafpers, maketb ttyee tboufanB, ttoo IjtmujcB, 
 anofoutefcojepounos. 
 
 Cbe Azappi fouloiers ttoo tboufano fire bunojeD at foure Afpers, toberr of tbe fir ftunDjetj bo 
 continually kc epe tbe gallies.ttoo anB ttoeutte tboufano.fcttcn bunti?cB fourfco?e anD fir pcutiBS. 
 
 Wfje Mariers Bafsi mailers outr tbe ll)(ptu?tgl)ts ano kalkers oft^c name, nine,at 20, Afpers 
 tbepttcc.amotmtetb to tb?ee tboufanB fourefcojc anB fotirepouno, foute (billings. 
 
 SLbe MarterDafsi !bipto?igbts $ kalkcrs,one tljoufann at fouueene afpers, to(jicb amountetb 
 bptbepeere,totbirtietboufano,fircf.uuDjeBtlneefcojepounD, 
 
 Summa totalis of Baplp paimenes amountetb bp tbepeerefferling,one million, nine bum 
 B jeB tbjecfcoje eigbt tijoufanD, feucn IjunDjcB tljirtp fine pounBS,nmetcene (rjtHings 
 eigbt pence, anfttereD quarteriptoitboutBefault, tottlj tbrfumme of foure bumueo 
 fourefcoje ttoelue tboufano.onebumneo fourefcoje ano foute pounos foure lb:l!ingS 
 eleuen pence , anB is fo? euerp Bap Sue tljoufano tbjee founBjeB feurefco je ano tfjic 
 teene potmBS,fifteene (billings ten pence. 
 
 Annuities oflands neuer improued, fiue times more in value 
 then their fummes mentioned, giuen by the faide Grand Signior,zs 
 followeth. 
 
 T© tbe Slicerop foj bis Timar 0? armuitie 6"o,tl)oufanB goloe Ducat?. 
 t£o r j)C fecono BaiTa fo^^tB annuitie 50,tboufanB Ducats. 
 %o tijc tlurD BaiTa foj. bis annuitie 40. tljoufnnQ Ducats. 
 %o tbe fottrt!) BaiTa fo j bis annuitie 3 o.tboufanD Ducats, 
 ■^ 'Stotbefiftb BaiTa fo? bis annuitie 2o,tboufariD Ducats, 
 %o tljeCapraine of tbe Ianizaties 2o,tboufanDDUcacs, 
 ■gCo tlje Icu Merhorbafsi maGcrof Ijisbajfe 1 y, tljoufano Ducats, 
 ■3Lo tjjeCaptaineoftbcpenfioners io.tboufaiffl Ducats, 
 ,3u>tlje Captaine of bis guarD j .tboufanB Ducats, 
 
 Summa totalis po.tboufanB li.flerimg, 
 
 •SScCtic c'rjefc aboue fpeciScB, be funDjp otber annuities giuen to Dittecs orbets of bis afojefais 
 officers, as alfo to Cirrtainc c-iIleD Sabims, Dtminiujing from tb?ee tboufanB to ttoo bunajetb du< 
 cats,cCecuieB treble to furmount tbe annuitie abouefaiD. 
 
 The Turkes chiefe officers. 
 
 Tfye Oicerop is biSb Creafurct.noctoitbftanomg tbat toroer bimbe tb?ee fubtreafurers cal* 
 Icd Tcfcadars, tobicb bee accomptable to vjtm of tbe receipts out of Europe, a fia anB Africa, 
 fane rfjeir peerelp annuitie of lanes. 
 
 'SLbeltojB Cbancelloj is calleBNiflangi BaiTa, tofoo fealetb toitlj a certaine proper cbaractes 
 fucb licences,fafe conDuccs,paffepo?ts,efpeciallgraunts,$c. as p?oceeB from tlje Grand Signior: 
 nottmtbffanDing all letters to fojreme ponces fo firmcD be aftermclofeDinabagge,anDfealeD 
 b? tbe Grand Signior,toitIj a fignct tobiebbe ojDinarilp toearetb about bis nccke.creDitED of thtm 
 to batte bene of ancient appc rtapntng to king Salomon tbe totfe, 
 
 %\)i aBmirall giuetlj bis uopce in tbe election of all Begs, Captaines of 3lSanBcs, to tobom 
 beegiuctb tbeic cbarge,asalfbappointetbtbe Subbaflas,3BapliffeSo?ConBablesotier Cities 
 ano Cotoncs upon tbe :§>ca coafixs about Conftantinople,anB in tbe Archipelago,inbereof bee 
 reapetb great pjofit. 
 
 %\}t Subbafsi of Pera papetb b'w pccrelp fifteene tboufanoe Ducats, ano fo Hketoife eitbet of 
 tlje otbers acco^Btnoj as tbep are placeB. 
 
 tZLljc Refsiftop fer uetb in office to tl;e Hicerop anB Cbancello? , as §>ceretarp, ana fo liketoife 
 Doetb tbe Cogie spatter of tbe IRolls, befrne lubicb ttoo, uaffe all to?itings pjefenteD to, } gran^ 
 teo bp tbe faio aicerop ano Cbancelloj , offices of efpeciall crcoite ano like p?ofite,mo?eouer re* 
 toaraeo toitb anntt'.ttcs of lanas, 
 
 ■Cbere arc alto ttoo cln't fe Juogcs nameo Cadi Lesker, tbe one ouer Europe, ano tbe otter c 
 Her Afia ano Aftica,tobicb in Com t Doe fit on cbe15encb at tbe left barro of tbe Baffas, %\)t fc fell 
 all offices to tlje imoer auoges of tbe lana calleD Cadies.tobcreof is oneineuerp Citie } totone, 
 
 before 
 
The Turfyfi garifons. Traffiques and Difcouenes. _^£1_ 
 
 befoje lobom all matters in controuecfie are lip iuugemenc oecioeb, as alfa penalties arm co jtec- 
 tious fo? crimes ojoaiueo to be erecuceB upon tljc offcnoets bp tbe Subbafli. 
 
 The number of Souldiers continually attending vpoii the 2fe» 
 ^r^jthegouemoursof Produces and Sankeks, and their petie Cap- 
 
 taines mainmned ofthefe Prouinces* 
 
 GRsecia.fourtt'etljoufamj 
 Budajftfteenetboufano 
 
 Sclauonia ; fiftCClie tljOufaUP 
 Natolia, fiftc cr.c iboulanD 
 Caramania,fiftcene tboufanO 
 
 IhsBegttrbegi )>©f-> Armenia, c ightceue cboufano ^»p«rfonis, 
 
 Perfia.ttocntie tljoufanD 
 Vfdrum, fiftecne tboufami 
 Chirurta,6fteene tboufano 
 
 Caracmiti.,tbtrttC tboufantj 
 ^Gi«ful,ttoo ano t^irtte tboufano 
 
 * O Agdat,fiue ano ttoentie tboufano 
 £> Baii"ara,ttoo anti ttoentp tboufano 
 LaiTaija/euenteene tboufano 
 Alepo, fine ano ttoentie tljoufano 
 Damafco,reuenteene tfcoufano 
 Cayfo,ttoeluetl)oufan0 ^.perfims 
 
 AbesjUuelue tboufano 
 Mecca.cigbt tboufano 
 Cyprus.eigbteeiietboufanB 
 Tunis in Barbary, eight thoufattO 
 Tripolis in Syria,eigbt tboufanO 
 Algetfourtiethoufano 
 
 (KJljofe Sarigiacks ano petie Gaptaines be tb?ee htmo?eo urtie etg&tj euerp of toftieb retaining 
 eontimtallp in pap from fine bunojetb.to ttoo Jjtrnu jcth g>ottlDiers,map be one tout; another at tfog 
 ieafl,tb}eehunojeth tboufano perfone. 
 
 Chiefe officers in his Seraglio about hispcrlbn 
 
 IhzBeglerbegs 
 
 >m< 
 
 Bethefe 
 
 CApiaga^tgl) poster, 
 Alnadet Bafsi,3treafurm 
 
 oda Bafsi,Cbamberlaine» 
 
 Killergi Bafsi,^)te UjarD f 
 Saraiaga,ComgtroHcr, 
 
 Peskerolenj@roome of tije chamber* 
 Edoftoglan^cnileman of tbcCtuer, 
 Sehetaraga, 8rmour bearer* 
 Choac araga,l)C that cartctb bis rf Ot'ng doafo 
 ^Ebietaraga,\Sroome of the floole, 
 %%nt be manp otljer maner Off icers,tohtch 3J cCeeme fuperfluous to to \\tt» 
 
 The Turh.es yeerely reuenue. 
 
 T$e Grand Signiors annual reuentie is fain to be foureteene Sgtfflions ano an harfe ofgofoeft 
 oucats,toh<cb is Ceiling fiue millfonSjCigbt fcoje tboufano pounos; 
 %ty tribute papa up clje Chriffians bis Smbiects is one golo micat pcerelpfoj d;e reoemptioti 
 ofeuerpheao.tohub map ameunt unto not folitle as one pillion of goloenoucats^bitrjisGer-* 
 lingtbjeebunojeo tb?ecfco?e tboufano potmos. 
 Spojeouer, in time of marre be eraetetb manifoloe fummes fo? maintenance of bis Stmie ano 
 
 $5auie Ofttje faiD Chriftians. 
 
 ^be.Cmpetourpapetbbimpeerelptributefo^Hungaryjtbjecfco^etljoufanDOoners.iubicbis 
 fierlingtbirteene tboufano potmo jbcGoespjefentS to the Sicerop ano Baflas,to&ich arefaio to 
 rurmount to ttoentie tboufano collets, 
 
 Bb 3 Ambaf- 
 
1 
 
 294. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigattons, Letjo theQueene. 
 
 AmbaiTadors allowances. 
 
 Tt)s 9mbaffatiDur of the £ mycro? is ajUotueD one trjoufanD AJpers the Dap, 
 %i)Z ambaffaoour of the French biug Ijeretofoje eniopcD the like : but of late peeresbp 
 meatus of Difyleafure concciucD bp Mahumet then Viceroy, it teas rcDticco to fire crolmies the 
 Dap,befttirtlif]jjciutBonofijHiiEfqtucrofl)!0flablp. 
 
 ^Ije ambaffaoours of Poland, ancfo? the Bate of Venice are not Higicrs as thefe ttoo al»uc< 
 fatD, 3Lhc fain Polack is alloltiCD 1 2.Frcnch crotonc the Dap Bitting big aboDc^bich map be foj 
 amonctb. Qerp feloome do tbe Qate of Venice fcnD anp SmbaffaDoj otbctttifr, then enfojeeo of 
 fygentncceffitp: bm in Scao thereof hcepe there their agent^ettDent otter otljcr agJarcbantiMf 
 tljEtn termeD a bailtfe,tobo Ijatb » one allowance of tbe Grand Signior.altijongh big po jt $ ttate is 
 tnmaner as vnagnifical as tbe ottjer afojefaio ainbau*aDo?s, 'frbe Spanifh Qlmbau"aBo? teas equall 
 lnttrjotijiTS in Ianizaries: btitfoj fomucb asbe toouiDnot accojDtngto cuflomefoiouj tljeltttofo* 
 tber am'jaiTaDojs tnmaking pjefents to p Grand Signior.be Ijao none alovjaancejpts aboDe tljere 
 tuas 3.peres ; att!)e enD Vjorjcrof,riaiitno;c5cIttDcD atrucefoj 6,pctcg,takt!tg place irobts 6rflcom ; 
 mitts in poueitibet laft uafl 1 5 So, be mas not aomitteD to tije piefence of tbe Grand Signior. 
 
 The letters ofSinan'BaJJa chiefecounfellour to SukanMurad Qtn 
 the GnmASignw , to the facred Maieftie of Elizabeth Queene oiEngUnd^ 
 me wing thai vpon her requert, and for her fake efpecially,heegraunted peace vnto the 
 King and Jcingdome oi'Toland. 
 
 Loriohflima Stfplendorc fulgidiffima fceminariinijielectiffima Princeps 
 magnanimorum 1 e s v m fc£tantium,regni inclyti AngliasRegina Serenit 
 fimaElizabetha,modcratrixrerum & negotiorum omnium plebis&fa- 
 mllisNazarenorum fapientiffima ; Origo fplendoris & gloria: dulciflima; 
 nubes pluuiarum gratifTima.heres &domtna beatitudtnis & gloria; regni 
 inclyti Anglic-; ad quam omnes fupplices confugiunt,incremen:um omni- 
 <^^ 11 umrerum & a6tionum Serenitatis veftrs beatiuimum, exitufquc fcelicifli- 
 mos a Creatore omnipotence optanres , mutuique & perpetua familiaricat e noftra digna voia 
 & laudes fempiterHas offerentes: Significamus Ser.veftrse arnicifsime ; Quia fum anni aliquot, 
 a. quibus annis potehtifsima Cefarea celfitudo bella incfFabilia cu Caful-bas, Principe nerope 
 Perfarumgefsit; ratione quorum bellorum in partes alias bcllu mouere no!uic,ob eamque cau- 
 faai in partibus Poloniglatronesquidam Cofacinuncupaci,&alijfacinorofi in partibus iiliscx- 
 j(tentes,fubditos Cefaris potentifsimi turbare & infeftare non defierunt. Nune autem partibus 
 Perficiscompofitis &abfolutiSjinpartibas : Poloriie cVatySj^artihusexurgentesfacinoiofos pu- 
 nire conlttu£ns,Bcglerbcgo'Grecia: excrcitu a!iquoadtun6to,&Principi Tartarorum manda- 
 te Cfiaris mifib,a'nno proxime pr^terito pars aliqua Regni Polonia: infeftata, turbata & deua- 
 liatafuit,6:Coiacialijq;hci:iorohiuxcameritafjapunkifuerurit. Quo rex Polonievifb duos 
 legatos ad Cefarea celfuudine mittens, quod facinorofos exquirere,& poena perfedtapunire, 
 & ab annis muicis ad portam Cefaree celfitudinis mifllim munus augere vcllet.fignificauit.Ce- 
 farea autem cellicudo (cui Creator omnipotent tantam fuppeditauit potenci"am,& qu«e omnes 
 fupplices exaudire dignata elt) fupplicatione Regis Polonie non accepta,iterum in regem Po- 
 lonie exercitum fuum mittere,&Creatoris omnipotentis auxilio regnum eius fubuertere con- 
 fticuer.it. Verum Legato Serenitatis veftrg in porta beata & fulgida Csefareajcelfitudinis re- 
 sidence CcCe interponente,Et quod'Serenitati veftrj ex partibus Poloniar.frugeSjpuIuis^rbores 
 nauiu,tormenta,& alia neceflaria fuppeditarentur fignificante,& pacempro regno & rege Po- 
 \oa\x pctentc,neue regnum Poloniar ex pane Csfarea: celfitudinis turbaretur vel infellaretur 
 intercedcr.te.Serenitacifque veftrshanc iingularemeflevoluntatem exponente,Legaci fereni- 
 tatis veftra: fignificacio &C intercefsio cum Ca?iare| celiitudihi figuificaca fuiftetjln f auorem fe- 
 renicacis veltra:, cui omnis honos & gracia debetur, iuxta rhodum predictum, vc Cofaci facino- 
 rofi exquirantur & pcena perfeclca puniancur,aut ratione muneris aliquantuli eorum deli<fta co» 
 donentur, hac inquam condjtione Jitcra? C^farese celfitudinis ad Regem Polonia; funtdatff. 
 Si autem ex parte Serenitatis veftif fecdus & pax follicicata non fuiflet, nulla ratione Cifarea 
 cclfi'.udo fecdus cum regno Polonif inijflet. In fauorcm autem Serenitatis velira; regno & Re- 
 giPrtloniasfingularem gratiamCsfareacclfitudoexhibuit. Quod tarn Screnitasveftra.quara 
 eciam Rex & regnum Polonig fibicertopcrfuaderedebent. Serenitatem veflram bene fbeli- 
 cifsimeque valcre cupimus. Datum Conttantinopoli in fine mentis Sabaum nuncupati, Anno 
 prophets noftrifatrariMahumedinongentefimo,nonagefimo,octauo,lEsv veroAnnornil- 
 
 iefimoquingente(imononagefimo,die duodecimo menfislunij. 
 
 The 
 
' Let. to theQueene. TrafHques and Difcouenes. 295 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 M©ft globus, ano the mou" refplenocnt of toomen , mott felect piincefle, mott grattousi 
 Elizabeth £}uecne of tbe baliant followers of 3efus in tlje famous kingoom of England, 
 motl toifc gone rneffe of all the affaires atto bufmeffes of the people aim famtlp of the Nazarens, 
 mo.UuJcctfouiitamcofb?tgljtnEffeaiioa1o?p,niottacccptabIec!ouDoframr 3 tnljerurcffe?lnDic 
 of tlj? bieifrDneffc ano glojpof tlje renotomeo kingoomeof England, to tobom in bumble tetfc all 
 men offer their petitions : arising of tbe almightie <£reato]> matt Ijappie incrrafe aim pjofpr rous 
 fucceffe onto all pour Spate Hies affaires aim actions, ano offering op mutuall $perpettta!lbotocs 
 too?tbp of our fanuliantp, tottlj eternall pjapfes: Jn mofl frienolp manner toe fignifie unto pour 
 pjincelp^igbncffe, that certaiiie pecres patttbemoflmigbtie 2£eCarItfecniaie(lieof tbeGrand 
 Signor toageo bnfpeakcable toarres UritbCaful-basthe $>?:nce of tljePerfiansjin rcgarocof 
 tobicb toarrcs be tooulo not goe in battell againtt anp other places ; ano fo? that cattfe rertaine 
 tbceursintlje partes of PolooiacalleDCoia.ks, ano other notorious perfcnsiimngm the fame 
 jjartes ceafco not to trouble ano molett tbefuuiat6ofoarmoSmtgbtic«£mpcrour, TBtttnoto 
 batting finiibeo ano bjougblto fome gooD ilfue Ijis affa:rcs in Periia , Determining to punifl; tlje 
 faioe malefactors of Poland , ano fo? tbat pttrpofc committing an armp bnto the Begletbeg of 
 Grecia,anDtbepeere Iatt pati, fencing bis imperiall commattneement bnto tlje 19nnceof the 
 Tartars, be bath fo?ragcD, moIeSeo, ano lapeo toafle fome p act of tbe kingoome of Poland , ano 
 tljeColacks anootljcr notorious offenoers Ijaue rcceiueo concigne puniQiment, SHhtcb the 
 fttng of Poland percciaing fent ttoo Cmbaffaoours to bis imperial! Oigljnctft fignifping , tbat 
 be toaulo bunt out tbe faio malefactors, ano inflict moll feuere putiiujments upon tbem, ano al» 
 fo tbat be tooulo better bis gift , tobicb be batb fo? manp pceres berctofoje ojDinartlp fent bnto 
 tbepoicbofljisimperiall^igbncffe, l^otobeit bis imperiall maicfite( upon tobom tlje almigb* 
 tie crcato? bath beilotoeo fo great potoer, ano tobo bonebfafetb to gweearebnto all humble 
 fuppliants ) reicctiug tbe amplication of tbe iKmg of Poland, oetermtneo agatue to feno bis ar* 
 mie againtt the Ciio King, ano bp the belpc of the ^limgbtte crcato?, btterlp to fttbuert ano otter* 
 tb?otoc his kingoome. Tt>ut pour spaietties Cmbaflaoottr reticent in tbe b'effeo ano glorious: 
 pojch of his imperiall fpighnefle intcrpoBngbimfelfe as a meotatour.Ognif ping that from tbe 
 partes of Poland poti tocre furniujeo toitb come ,.giujrpotoDer, mattes of ffjips , guns, ano other 
 neceffaries, auo craning peace on tbe bcbalfe of tbe kingoome ano king of Poland, ano making 
 foterctffum, tbat the fata king might not be maletteo \m trouble© b^ tbe meanes of tlje Grand 
 Signor , f Declaring tbat this toas pour spaietties mqttrarnettDctire ; fo fooneas tbe report ano 
 intercefTtonof pour spaieflies <£m'oalT<nottr mas fignijjeo unto tbe Grand Signor, fo? pour fake, 
 into tobom all honour ano fauourable regaro is ouej bpon tbe conoftion afojefaio, timmlp, tbac 
 the toickeo Co facks might befougbt out ano grieuouflppumujeo.o? that their offences might 
 be remittco fpj the balue of fome fmall gift , bpon this conoition ( 3 fap ) tlje letters of his impe* 
 riall ^igbnetfe mere fent unto ttje king of Poland . ijpotobctt bao not tljie conclufion of league 
 ano amicie beene follicitcoontbe bcbalfe ofpottrSpaiefticljis imperiall J^ighneffe tooulo nc< 
 tier baue rjoucljfafeo tbe lame bnto tbe kingoome of Poland ♦ But fo? pour9paieflies fake bis" 
 imperiall ^xgbneffe batb etbibiteotbisfofingular afattourbntothefato king ano kingoome of 
 Poland. 9no hereof pour Spaieflie ano t!je king of Poland ought ccrtainelptobe perftoaoco, 
 JGLte toitb pour apaieflic moll bappilp ano toell to fare, (Siuen at Conftantinople in the cnoc 
 of tbe nionetb calleo Sabafl , in tlje peare of our facreo pjopljet Mahomet 9 9 8 , ano in tbe peere 
 of 3efus 1 y 9 o , tlje 1 * of June* 
 
 The fecond letters Patents graunted by the Queenes Maieftie 
 to the Right worfhipfull companie of the Englifh Mar- 
 chants for the Leuautjthe fsuench oflanuane 1 592, 
 
 jjj Liz^bethbp tlje grace of (SoOfluccnc of England, France , anfl Irelande, 
 
 IDefcnoeroftbefaitbtc. 'Eo allouc©fficers,mmilIersanDfubiccts, ano 
 
 to all other peopieafujell toitljin this our Eealmeof England, as elfe tobere 
 
 bnocroutobcplance ano iiirifoictiono^otbertoife bnto tobom tljefe our let' 
 
 ters ftjalbe fcene 3 fijetoeo , 0? reao , greeting, 
 
 fObereourtoelbeloueo fubiccts Edward Osborne knight aioermanof 
 
 our citie of London , William Hareborne CfflUire, ano Richard St aper of 
 
 our faioe citie Sparcbant.baue Ip great aouenture ano tnouflrie toitlj tljeir great coff anocljar* 
 
 gejs 
 
zor5 The iinglifh Voyages^Nauigations, Turfye Tatents. ' 
 
 gcs op tije tpace 01 Cunojp latepcerestraudleo, ano caufeo traucll to be taken afttell bp fe* 
 crctc anD gooamcanes ,asbpDaimgcrousrj3apesauDpaflages botbbplanDeanofeatomtDeout. 
 ano ft t open a trade of marcbattt^c atiQ trafftkc into the lanoes, 31lanoes, Dominions, ano ter* 
 monies of tbe great Cttrke , coromonlp calleD tlje Grand Signor, not before tljat time in tbe 
 wemone of anp man nou) lining fenotoen to be commonlp bfea ano frequented bp toap of mar« 
 cbatunscbpanpthemariljantesoj otljcr fubiectes of eg o?oucp?ogenito?s : ano alfo rjaue bp 
 tbcirltke gooomeanes ano induttcte ano great charges procured of tbe fapoe Grand Signor in 
 ourname, amine, fafettc and frecdome footrace ano craffike of marcbanDi^e to be Sfrt anD con* 
 ttnued up our fubtects nritljin rjtsiapo dommions,inberebpu)epcrcciueandfindetbatuotbma* 
 up good actions; Ijaue becneoone ano performed, ano Ijcreafter are Iikclp continualip to be bone 
 anD perfojmeo foj tbe peace of Cl)?iftcntumc : .iframelp bp tbe relicfeand Difcljargc of ma= 
 up Cbf imams niljtclj bane bcene , ano toljicb hereafter map happen to be in tljjaldome ano ben* 
 cage bnoertliefapce Grand Signor ano bis toaflals o; fubtects , ano alfb good ano profitable 
 bent ano btterancc of cfje commodities of out Healme, ano funojie ottjer great benefices to 
 tlje aduanccment of our honour anodigmtie Eopall, tbe maintenance of our jf5auic, tbe encrcafe 
 cf our cu8omes , ano tlje rcuerotcg of our £roirmc , arm gcncrallp ttje great tocalt Ij o f o ur mbolt 
 Kcalmc, 
 
 Slid tuhcteas toe are eitfojmeDof tbe fapd Edward Osborne knight, William Hareborne, 
 aitdRichard Staper, thatGeorgeBarne, Richard Martine,IohnHartekmgbtS,andOtljer mat* 
 
 cljants ofourfapo Cttjeof London heme up tlje fpacc of eigbto? nincpecrespafl iopncdtbcm* 
 fellies m companie, trace ano trafftkemitb tijem ttjefapo Edward Osborne knigljt, William 
 Hareborne aiio Richard Staper, into tlje fapde dominions of tbe Capo great ^urkc , to tlje fur* 
 thecance tljcrccf ano tlje gaoo oftbe&ealmc. 
 Sno tobereas iurtljcr it 10 made hnenjen bnto Us , tljat ioitbin fetoc peeres nota patt our lo* 
 
 ttillg and gOOD fubtects Thomas Corclall, Edward Holmedcn, William Garraway and Paul 
 Banning , ano lunojp otljer marcijantsof our faio Cttieof London,baue likelHife at tljeir great 
 coflcsanecljarges, builoes ano funtiujedctuerfe good and feruiccableujippes and tbcretuitbto 
 tbetr like cotts and charges Ijaue traded and frequented , ann from time to time Doe trace ann 
 frequent ano traffike bp fca toitlj tlje commodities of our Kcalme to VeDice,Zante, Candic, aan> 
 Zephaloma and otljer tbe dominions of the $s>cgniojte ann §>tate of Venice , ano tljcrtbp \)S.m 
 Wade ano maintepnea , atid doe make. -ano continualip maintaine diucrs goon fbippes toitb 
 mariners fktlfull ano tttteandriieccflattefojt oar feruice: ano Doe bent out of our Eealmein* 
 tothofe partes Diucrfe commodities offtirKealme, and returnebitber into our fapde Sealme 
 manpgooDano ncceflarie commoDitieofo?tOe common mealtb thereof: 9!lu)b:cljtroEftke,as 
 toelltnlxiarDas outrjoarDuiuillitljathljeene otberuiife b?ougtjt topaffe bptljefapDeciiDeuoutiEt, 
 • colls, ann charges of our fapoe fubiccts, aas in effect bp our fubtectes laljolp Difccnttnuctr* 
 ^nowepce.ibatljereupontuegreatlptenDHngtlje toealtlj of cur people sno tlje encourage* 1 
 ment of tljem ano other our louing fubiects in tljeir good enccrpjifes fo^tljt aDuancemcnt of 
 lalofitll ttaffifee to the benefite of our common luealth , Ijatte'of our fpcciall grace, certaine; 
 fenotuleoge , anD mecre motion giuen anD grnuntcD, anD bp tljefe pjefents fo? bs , our faepjes, 
 anD fttcceffsurs, Dec gttte ano gratmtbnto our fapDtruflie ann toclbcIoucDfubiectes Edwardc 
 Osborne iSnigljt, George Barne knight, George Bondefemght, Richard Marrine knight, 
 Iohn Hartc Hiitgbt , Iohn Hawkins kntgbt , William Maflam, John Spencer, Richard Sal- 
 tonftall, Nicholas Mofley aiDcrntencfoutfapDe €itte Of London, William Hareborne, 
 Edwarde Barton, William Borrough ?gfqttirC3, Richard Staper, Thomas Cordall , Henric 
 Parujs, Thomas Laurence, Edwarde Holmeden , William Garraway, Robert Dowe, PauL 
 Banning, Roger Clarke , Henrie Anderfon , Robert Offley, Philip Grimes , Andrewc 
 Banning , litmei Staper , Robert; Sadler jLepnarde Power, George Salter, Nicholas Leate, 
 Iohn Eldred, William, Shales, Richard May, William Wilkes, AndreweFones, Arthur lack- 
 Ion, Edmund Anicir, Ralph Afhley, Thomas Farrington, Robert'e5andie, ThomasGarra- 
 way, Edwarde Lethlande, Thomas Dalkins, Thomas Norden , Robert Bate, Edward 
 Sadler, Richard Darfall, Richard Wartthe Iunior, Ralph Fitch, Nicholas Pearde, Tho- 
 mas Simons, ann Francis Dorrington, thattljcp anoeuerp of trjembp tlje name of ©otter* 
 nour ano rompanp of ^atcljants cf tlje Lcuant Qjall from Ijcnce foojtlj fo? tlje termeof twelue 
 peeres nert enfm'ng tlje Date ijereof bee one booie , fellotofijippe anD cctnpamc of tbem< 
 fclucs botljiu Deeceano in name: ano tbettibpthenameof ©ouernour aim companie of mar s 
 ehantesoftbeLeuanctoec Dae o?iDapnc,incomo?atc,name, ano Declare bp tbefe p?efcntesf, 
 ano that tlje fame fellonjiljippe ano companie from hence foo?th (ball ano mapljatteoneo3o* 
 uernour, Sna m confiDeration that tlje fapce Edwarde Osborne i&nigfjt hath beene oE 
 
 tbe 
 
 4TI)ttnArcbat0 
 
 abouciiaineD 
 
 fcnnaDeafcl- 
 
 locolijtl-' A11& 
 compamefoi 
 izycttesbp 
 
 tilt llnlllC Of 
 
 t!)f G. Mietno.l 
 anb f ompanie 
 ot tbe mar> 
 tl'AMtC of tt)c 
 
 Lcuant. 
 
Turfye 'Patents. rrarriquesandDifcouenes. 297 
 
 tOcrljtefe fetters foo?cb ano acto?s tu the opening aim putting m prictife of eye Cagne cease 
 t« the Dominions of the fapoe Gand S ; gnor:d3rcDor tfjrrcfojc fpr c:alip H5afec,o?Dstne, cino 
 conCftttue the fapoe Edwarde Osborne Knight, to ore nou;c tScucrnour Daring die time of S*Edw«do& 
 one ujboie peerc notoe ncrt foItcUnng , if IJfce fo long (ball line : 3 no after the cicyiratiou of Kft l *? P fitft!" 
 tbefapaeprerc, o?Deceafeof the fapoc Edward Osborne the ciiopfc of the ncrt ©cucrnour, ^"""rnour. 
 ano fo of cuerp ©ouernour from dmc to time During the fa;-De tctmc of tiueiue pcercs to be 
 at tije election of the fapoe fcUoU'fbippeoJconipatucofniarclj.mtes of jheLcuanto? tJjc mo?e 
 part of t!jcm pecretp to be chofen, ano tijat thep the fapoe <§>it Edwarde Osborne, ano ajl 
 tlierefioticof the fapoe fellottiibippe o?compantcof Sgjarcyamcs of clje Lcuant ano eucrie of 
 tbcm, ant) all ttjc funnes of them ana of eucrp of tijem, ano all fuel) tljeir app?emifcs txn 
 fcruants of trjem ano of cuerp of them , toijich batie beenc o? hereafter fljall be impiopeo in the 
 favor trace bptbe fpace of fourc pecres o ? optoatDes Up themfelitcs , their fetuances, fncco?s 
 0? Deputies , (bail ana imp bp tije fpace of tWclue pcercs from the Dap of the Date of thefe 
 out letters patents freelp traffise, ano bfe tije traoe of £0archanDt5e as toell bpfca as bp 
 IanDe into anD from the Dominions of the fapoe Grand Signor, ano tnto ano from Venice, 
 Zantc , Candie anD Zcphalonia , ano other the Dominions of tije S>tgmo!tc ano <§>tate of Ve- £ffl§j 
 nice, anDalfb bp IanDe thjougb the Countries of the fapoe Grand Signor into ano from the indi«. 
 vEatt India, latelp DifccutreO bp Iohn Nawberie, Ralph Fitch, William Leech, atlD lames 
 Scorie, fttit tottlj our letters to that purpofe at the pjoper cotts ano charge of the fapoe Spar* 
 chants j fome of them t ano into ano from eueric of them in fuch ojoer , manner , fo?me, 
 libcrtic ano consttton to ail incentcs ano purpofes as (bail be bettoecne them of tije fapoe fel* 
 lolufbippc o? companie of S^arcljantes of the Leuamo? tbemojepBrtoftijcmfo? tije time be- 
 ing limiteo ano agrecD , ano not otbcrtntfe , toithout anp moleffattort , impeachment , o? otttur* 
 bance ; anp laloe , fratut e, bfage, o? Dtuecfttie of Eeiigion o? faith, o? anp other caufe o? mat* 
 tec torjatfocuer to the contratir nottouijliauDiiig. 
 
 9no that the fapoe <Skmernotir ano compare of £0archantes of tije Leuant , o? the greater 
 part of them fo? the better gouernement of the fapoe fcUotofbippe ano companie , (hail ano 
 map lmtbin fojti'e capes new ano immeOiatfp following after the bate heereof , ano fo from 
 thence foojtlj pcerelp During the continuance of this out grattnt, auembletbemfcluesinfome 
 conuenicut place, ano that tbep o? the greater parte of them being fo affemblco, (bail ano 
 map elect, o?oaine, nominate, ano appoint ttoekte oifcrcete ano boneftperfons of the fapoe 
 companie to be atftaauts to the fapoe ©ouetnout , ano to continue in tbe fapoe office of atTi' 
 Cants , unttll thep (bail Die ot bee remooueo bp the fapoc ©ouernour ano companie 0? the grea- 
 ter part of them. 9no if it happen the fapoc afftfiantes 0? anp of them to Die , oj be rcmoo= 
 ueo from their fapoe office at attie time During tlje continuance of this our graunt : that 
 then ano fo often it (ball ano map bee lattfull to ano fo? tbe fapoe ©ouernour ano companie 
 of twrcbantcs of tbeLeuanc, o? the greater part of them to elect ano cbufe one ojmojc other 
 perfons of the fapo companie into the place 0? places of euerp fuch perfon 0? perfons fo op. 
 iiigo? happening to be remooueo, as is afojefapoe. anDtteeinillanDojoainethatthcfameper* 
 fono ? perfons (basis afojefapoe tobeclecteolballbc of the fapo number of afftttants of the 
 Capoc companie. anothisto be Done fo often as the cafe (ball fo rcrjuire. Sno that tt (ball 
 a«D map be fatofull toauofo? tljefapoe Edwarde Osborne Sttfgijt, George Barne Knight, 
 George Bonde knight, Richard Martine Knight, Iohn Hart knight , Iohn Hawkins knight, 
 William Madam, Iohn Spencer, Richard Saltonflail, Nicholas Mofley , William Hare- 
 borne, Edwarde Barton , Wi.Iiam Borrough , Richard Staper , Thomas Cordall, Hen- 
 rie Paruis, Thomas Laurence, Edwarde Holmeden , William Garra way, Robert Dowe, 
 Paul Banning , Roger Clarke , Henrie Anderfon , Robert Offley , Philip Grimes , An- 
 drewe Banning, lames Staper, Robert Sadler, Leonarde Power, George Salter, Nicho- 
 las Leate,Iohn Eldred, William Shales, Richard May, William Wilkes, Andrewe Fones s 
 Arthur Iacklbn , Edmund Anfell , Ralph Afhley , Thomas Farrington , Roberce Sandie, 
 Thomas Garraway, Edwarde Lethlande, Thomas Dalkins, Thomas Norden, Robert 
 Bate, Edwird Sadler, Richard Darfall, Richard Martine Iunior, Ralph Fitch, Nicholas 
 Pearde, Thomas Simons, ano Francis Dorrington afojefapoe, OJ an? of them to afTettlble 
 thcntTducs foz o? about anp the matters, caufes 0} affaires o? bufineffes of the fapoe traoem 
 anp place o? places fo? the fame conttenient from time to time outing the fapoe terme of ttoelue 
 pecres tuitijtn our Dominions o? clfe inhere, &no that alfo it ftjall ano map bee lamfull fo? 
 them o? the mo?e part of them to make , o?oainc ano conflitute reafonable latoes ano oiocrg 
 fo?the gooo gottemement of tljefapoe companie , anofo? tbe better aouauncement ano con* 
 tinuance of tiy; fapoc traoe ano trafftke : the fame lattes ano o?oinances not being contrarie 
 
 02 
 
298 The EnglifliVoyageSjNauigationSj'Fw^V^re'w^j. 
 
 o? repugnant to chelates, statutes oj cultonu ss of ourHealtne; ttnoclie fame lalnes ano c?ot* 
 nances fo matte to put m o?e , ano crecutc accojoinglp, anti at tljeir pic amies to reuoke ano alter 
 tlje fame lalscs ano ofcOHtsnces o? anp of them as occafton fljall n quire. 
 
 Smoiueooe alfofo? bs.nttrbcpjcsauDfucccirojs of cur (prciall grace, ecrtaine fenotolecgr, 
 ano meerc motion graimtto ano ujitlj the fapo ©ouetnour ano companie sf marcbantes of iljc 
 Leuant, that Uiben ano as often at anp time During the fapoe terme anufuaceofttoclue pcercs 
 as anp cttdome-, ponoage, fttbfioie o? otljcr ouetie foall be cue ano payable onto bs , cttr Ijeires , o? 
 fucceflbjs fo? anpgooO:> o? inarcbanoijr tubatfoeuer, to be cameo o? traufpofteo out of this 
 our po?t of London into anp tbe Dominions afojefapoe, o? out of o? from anp tlje fapoe Domt= 
 niono unto our fapoe po?t of London, tbat ottr^uilomers, auo aliotljer our Officers fo? re* 
 rates of cufome, ponoage, fttbfioie o? other ouetie Ditto tttjom it t&atlapumaine, (ball upon 
 the requevt of tlje fapoe <8ouernottr fo? the time being , giue bnto the fapoe companie tb?e e 
 monctbestime fo?tbepapmenc of the one balfc, antt otijer th?ee moiietbesfo?trjepapmentof 
 tlje other balfc of tb^ir fapoe cttfiomc, ponoage, ojotljerfubu'Die o? Ductic fo? the fame, recei- 
 King gooB ano fuixictcnt bonoe ano fectiritie to ourbfefo? tbepapment of tlje fame acco?oing* 
 ip. 3na upon receipt of the fapoe bonDe to giue tljem out their rockets o? other warrants to 
 iaoe out ano receitte in the fame their poos bp berttte hereof tomljout anp oiflurbance , 3na 
 tfoat alfo as often as at anp time During the fapte terme of ttoelue peercs anp gooos o? marcljan* 
 oi^e of anp of the fapoe companie laocn from tbts our po?t of London in anp the Dominions 
 befojefapoe fljall happen to mifcarie befoje their tefe Difcljnrge in the partes fo? ano to tbe 
 Mjtch the p be fettt : ?r.()at tljcu ano fo often fo much cultome , ponoage, ano other fubfioic as 
 tljep anfincreo os fo? the fame , fljall after ottc pjoofe maoe befo?e the Sreafutour of England 
 fo? tlje time being of tbe fapoe lotte, ano the ittfc quant itie thereof, be bp the bectue bercof al» 
 lomeobntotljcm, bp niarrant of the fapoe ^reafurour to tfje fapoe Cuttomefsintljenertmar* 
 djanorje that tljep Qjnll o? map fliippe fo? tbofe partes, atcojoing to tlje true races of the 
 ruflomes, ponoage, o? fubftDtes ljetetofo?e papoe fo? tbe gooos fo lott o? anp part o ? parcell 
 thereof. 
 
 anofo? cljat tbe fapoe companie are like continuallpto b?t'ng intotbis our&eaunea tmtcfr 
 greater quamitic of fo?ren commooities from tlje fo?ren eCountrepcs , places, o? territo?ics 
 afojefaioe, then Ijere can be fpent fo? tbe neceffarie bfe of tvje fame , tobtch of necelTuie mutt 
 be tranfpo?teo into other countrepes,ano tbercbentett,toefo?bs,ottrbeircsanDfucceiro?sof 
 our fpecia'd grace, certaine knotuleo'ojc .anomeere motion ooe graunt to ano toitlj tbe fapo <3o-- 
 uernour ano companie that at all times from time to time outing the fpace of tbirteenc monctbS 
 nert after tbe otfeharge of anp the fapoe goooo fobjottgbtin, ano tljefubGoies, ponoage, eu« 
 Comes ano other mines fo? the fame being befo?e Ijanoe papoe o? compotmsco fo? as nfoje^ 
 fapo, it (ball be lauifull fo?tl)rm o?anp of them o? anp other perfon o? perfons Su(jatfocuer 
 being naturall fubiectsofthe Healmetohich map o? ujall bup the fame of them o? anp of t&era 
 to tranfpo?t t^e fame in CngltA; bottomes freelp out of t&is Kealme toitbout papment of anp 
 further cuttome , ponoage, o? other fubfeie to os, our l;eires o? fuccefib?s fo? the fame , toljcre-- 
 " of tbe fapoe fubfioies, ponoage, o? cuffomes o? otl;er Duties u)all be fo fojmeilp papae ano com' 
 pounoeo fo? , as afo?efapo, atio fo p?ottto. Slno tlje fapo etttcomer bp Uettue tjereof ujallopon oue 
 ano fufficient p?oofe tbereof maoe intljecuflomcboufegiuetbem fufficient cocketo? certifi- 
 cate fo? the fafe pairing out thereof acco?oinglp , 2no to tbe enoe no oeceipt be Jjfeo berein to 
 us our bttres, ano fucccuo?s, certificate fljall be b?ougljt from our collccto? of cuflome inruarDcs 
 toourcufiomcr outtoarees tbat tbe fapn marcljanoi?cs Ijatic rottljirt tfjc time iimiteo aunftnereo 
 their oue cuttome, fubfiDie, ponoage ano otber Duties fo? tlje fame inniaros. 
 
 9no furtljermo?e me of our ampleano abottnoant grace , meere motion, antt certaine knotti* 
 leoge bauegrattnteo ,ano bp tljefe p?cfents fo? bs our fjepjesano fuccelToursooe graunt ttnto 
 tlje fatDtSouernottrs ano companie of marcbantes of tlje Leuant, tbattljep anofucljonelp as be 
 ano fljall be of tb<">t companie, (ball fo? the fapo terme of tteelue pecres batte , ofe , antt eniop tb« 
 toljole ano onelp traoe ano tr afftbe, ano the tobole entire ano onelp libert ie.ttfe, ano p?iuileoge of 
 tracing ano traif iking, ano bfingfeateof marcbanoife bp anottj?ougb tbe Leuant feas otlietruife 
 calico tlje Mediterran feas into ano from tlje fapo Dominions of tbe Grand Signor , ano oomini» 
 ons of tbe Hate of Venice ; ano bp anD tb?ougb tlje fapo Grand Signiors Dominions to ano/rom 
 fucrj otfjcr places in tljeCatt Indies cifcoucreo as afo?efapo. 9nD that tbrp the fapo ©oucrnour 
 ano companie of merchants of tbe Leuant ano etierp particular auo feucrall perfon of tbat com' 
 panic their ano euerp one of their feruants , factors, ano Deputies (ball Ijaue full ano free atttbc* 
 ritic,libertie , facultie , licence , ano pouier to traoe ano trarTicke bp ano tb?ougb tbe fapb 
 Leuant feas into ano from all ano euerp tbe fapo Dominions of me fapoe Grand Signor , ana 
 
 tlje 
 
1 
 
 Turfye'Patents. Traffiques andDiicoueries. ipp 
 
 tlje Dominions of tlje ttate of Venice , ano tbe fapoe Indies , ano into ano from all places tuljere 
 bpoccafioit of tbe fapo tranc tljcj? Qjall happen to arriueo? come.tohitbcr tbep be Cljjtfltans, 
 Turkes, Gentiles , o? others! : Sim bp ano tb?ougb the fapo Leuanc feas into anc from all o* 
 tljer feas , riuers , po?trs, regions, tcrrito?ies, Dominions , coaBcs anoplaces toi<b their ftjips, 
 barkes,pinafesanD ocljccuetreljs , ano tottb fuel) mariners ano men as tjjep toill leaoe o? baue 
 iutE(jtbcm,oj fenoefo? tbe fapoe traoe as tljep ftjall tbinkegooo at tljeir otone p?oper rottes 
 atiDcrpenfes. 
 
 Sun fo ? that the ftjippes fapling into the fapoe Countrepes mutt take their Due ano p?opec 
 times to p?bcecoeinrljcfebopages,tobicbotbertotfea8toeetocll perceiuccan notbeperfoj- 
 meD in tbereff of the -peere follotoing : 3Dberefo?e toe of our fpeciall grace, certaine knoto* 
 leoge , auo meere motion fo? bs our Ijepjcs ano fucceffo?BDoe graunt to ano toitb tlje fapD ®a< 
 uernour aim compame of Sparcljantes of tlje Leuanc , that foure gooo ftjippes toell furniftjeo 
 toitb omittance ano otrjcr munition fo? their Defence, anD ttoo buriD?eD marriners Cngliftj men 
 to guioe ano faple in tlje fame foure ftjippes at all times During tlje fapoe t toeluc peeres ftjall 
 quictlpbc^petmittco anofuffereo to Depart and goe in tlje fapoe bopages, accojoing to tlje 
 purport of tbcCe p?cfents , toitbout anp flap o? coutraDjction bp bs our bepjes ano fucceffo?s, 
 o? bp thcto?oebigb aomirall o?anv other officer o?fubiecc of bs,our Ijeires o? fucceffenrs 
 in anp toife : 9np reffraint, latoc , ffatute , bfage o? matter tobatfoeuer to tlje contrarie not* 
 tuitljftatiQtncj* 
 
 p?oatDeD ncttcrtbeleire, that if toee ftjall at anp time uiitbin tlje fapoe ttoelue peeres baue 
 itittcaufe to armeotir Jftauiein toarrelike manner in Defence of our Kealme, o? fo? offence 
 of our enemies t ano tljat it (ball be founoe neeoefull ano conueuicnt fo? bs to iopne to our ffta* 
 ttie the ftjippes of our fubiects to be alfo armeofo? toarresto fuclj number as cannot bee fup* 
 plieo iftljefapo foure ftjippes fijoulo be permittee to Depart as abouete mentioneo; tbenbpon 
 knotolcDgegiuenbpbso? our aomirall to thefapoeOSouernouro? companie about tlje fifteenth 
 Dap of tlje monctbof ^arrh.n? tb?eemonetljesbefo?etbe faioe compame (ball begntte to make 
 reaoie tlje fame foure ftjippes tljat toe map not fpare tbe fapD foure ftjips ano tlje marriners re* 
 rutifite fo? them to be out of our Sealme During the time tbat our JQauie fijall bebpontlje feas, 
 tbat tljen tbe fapoe corny ante (ball fo?beare to feno fucb foure ftjippes fo? tijeir traoe of marchan* 
 Dife bntill tbat toe fijall retake our fapo39auiefrom tbe fapo feruice, 
 
 Sno futttjee our toill ano plcafure is , ano toee Doe bp tbefe p?efentrg graunt tbat it ftjall 
 belatofull to ano fo? the fapoiSouernour ano companie of ^arcbantcs of tbe Leuant to Ijaue 
 ano bfe in ano about tbe affaires of tbe fapoe compame a rommonfealefo? matters concerning 
 tbe fapoe companie ano traoe. 3 no tbat alfo it ftjall be latofull fo? tbe SJ&ardjants, Spariners, 
 ano 'Sea-men, toljiclj fijall bebfeo anoimplopeo in tbe fapoe traoe anobopageto fet ano place 
 in tlje toppes of tljeir ftjips o?otbcrbe(fels tbe armesofEngland toitb tbereooe-croffc intubite 
 oucr tbe fame as berctofo?e tbep Ijaue bfeo, 
 
 3no toe of our furtljcr Eopall fauour ano of our efpeciall grace, certaine knotolcogc , ano 
 metre motion Ijaue graunteo ano bp tljefe p?efents fo? bs our bep?es ano fucceffo?s ooe graunt 
 to tbe fapo (Souernour ano companie of Sparcbants of tbe Leuanc , tbat tt>t fapoe Ianoes , tec ■ 
 ritoitesi, ano Dominions of the fapoe Grand Signer, o? tlje Dominions of tlje <&ignto?ic of 
 Venice , o? anp of tbem toitljin tlje fapoe Leuant o? Mediterran feas ftjall not be biftteo , fre= 
 quenteo,o? Ijaunteo bp tlje fapoe Leuanc feabp toap of marcljanotjebp anp other our fubiects 
 During tbe faioe terme of ttoelue peeres contrarie to tbe truemeamngofthefepjefentes, 9no 
 bp bertue of our p?erogatiue Eopall , toljicb toee toill not in tbat bebaife ijaue argues o? 
 b?ougbt in qttefiton , toee ffratgbtlp charge , commaunoe ano p?obibite fo? bs our bep?eis ano 
 fucceftours all out fabiectsof tobat Degree o? qualitie foeuer tbepbee , tbat none of tljem Di^ 
 rectlp o? inoirectlp Dbe biGte , haunt, frequent , trace , trafike o? aouenture bp toap of marcban« 
 Difeintoo? from anp of tlje fapo Dominions of the fapo Grand Signer, o? tbe Dominions of tlje 
 faioe <g>egnio?ie ofVenice,bpo?tb?ouglj tbe fapoe Leuant feaotber tljentbefap&<Soueniour 
 ano companie of marcbants of tbe Leuant, ano fucb particular perfons as be o? ftjall be of tbat 
 companie , tljeir facto?s, agents, fecuants ano affignes* ano further fo? that toee plaincTp fin* 
 Derftanoe tljat the States ano (Souemours of the citie ano !§>egnio?ie of Venice Ijatreof late 
 time fet ano rapfeo a nctoeimpofl ano cljarge otter anobefioes tljeir auncientimpofl, cuffome, 
 anD charge of ano bpou all manner of marcljanoije of our Sealme b?ougbt into the ir Domi« 
 jttons, ano alfo of ano bpon all marcbanoife carieo o? laoen from tljeir fapo Ccuncrep o? Donuni« 
 ons bp our fubiects o? in tlje ftjips o? bottoms of anp of our Tubiectes to clje great anB mtollc= 
 rablc charge ano Ijihocrance of our fapo fubiects traoing thither, toeeiljerefo?e minomg tlje 
 reo?effe thereof, ooe alfa bptbeCe pjefentsfo?bs, ourljeire? ano fucceffo?? further firaigbtlp 
 
 p?ob"ibite 
 
}oo The Englifh VoyageSjNauigations, Jurfye Tatents. 
 
 p robibtte ano for bio not onelp the f ubiects of the fapoe State ano Segniorie of Venice, but alio 
 of allotber Rations oj Countries tohacfoeuec other then the fapo (Souernour ano companie of 
 marcbanta of the Leuant, ano furl; onelp as be o j (ball be of that companie, their facto ?s,ageiice» 
 feruantes , ano afftgnes: 'Kbat the? or anp of them During clje fapoe terme of ttoelue peereg, 
 (hallbjingor caufe to be brought into this our Eealme of Englande, ojanp part thereof ante 
 tnamierof fmall fruiteg calleo cojrantg , being the rapfing of Corinth , o? totne of Candie .tin* 
 UtTciibebp ano with the licence, confent, ano agreement of the fapoe Ocucrnour ano compa« 
 me in touting tinner their Capo common fealefirft hao anoobtepneo bponpatne onto euerp fucb 
 perfonano perfong that (ball trabe ano traffike into anp the fapoe oominiong of the State ano 
 Segniojie of Venice op fea, or tbatlhall bring ojtaufe to be brought -into our faioe Sealme 
 anpoftbefaio counts being the rapfing of Corinth,o? fciineg of Candia, other then the fapo, 
 companie inpaine of our inoignation , anb of fojfattute ano iofle afuicll of the ihippe anb thipg 
 toitbthe furniture thereof, as alfo of the gooog, marcbanoife , ano tbinges Uibatfoeucr tijep 
 be of thofe which (hall attempt o? preCume to commit o? boe anp matter or thing conttarie to tbe 
 prohibition afojefapo. 3Dbe one balfe of all the faine forfettttreg to be to bg , our beiregano fuc* 
 ceffourg, ano the other Ijalfe of all anb etterp the fapoe forfeitures toe bee bp theft prefcnts.of 
 our fpeciall grace,certame tatoleoge, ano meere motion clearer? ano toholie f o? bs, our beirrjs 
 anbfucccu~o?g, giueano graumwito the faioe ©otternourano companie of marcbanteg of the 
 
 Leuant, 
 
 &no further all ano enerp the fapbe offenbourg for their fapoe contempt to fuffirr unprifon* 
 menr During our pleafures, ano fucb other punilhmcutag to bg fo? fa high a contempt (ball 
 feeme mcete ano comtcnient,anonottobe in anp baife oeliuercobntill thep ano euerp of tbcm 
 (hall be come botmoe bnto the Capo t&ouernont foj the time being in the fummeof one thoufanu 
 poHttbea o } leUe at no time , then after to faple or traffiUc bp fea into anp the Dominions afore* 
 faioe, 0) toeing ortaufetobe brought from anp the places afojefapue anp cojrantg, rapfinsc 
 of C ori n t h , o} luineg of Candia com t at ie to our er p j tife coramaunoement in that behalfie herein 
 fetDotonc ano publifljco, 
 
 Pjomoeo alttapes , ano our erp?cu"c toill is nothiitbffancing the pjcmiffcg that if our fapbe 
 fttbieeteg Ihall at anp time hereafter be recompcnfcb of ano for aHfucb netoe impofleg ano char* 
 geg as tbep ano etterp of rfjem ujall pap , anb liRetoife be freelp mfchargeb of ano from the 
 papment of all manner of netoe impofle ojtarefoj anp of their marcbanoife tohtcb thep bercaf* 
 ter thall bnng into oj from anp the Dominions of the fapoe State or &>egniojie of Venice, 
 ano from all bonoeg ano other afliirancesbp them ojanpof tljcm tobemaoefo?o?inthat be* 
 balfe, that then immcoiatlp from ano after fucb recompcncc anb Difcbarge maoe as afojefapoc 
 our fapoe prohibition ano reflratnt tnttjefc piefentcs mentioneo , u)ali not be of anp drengtb o j 
 fo?ce againtt tlje fapoe Cttie or State of Venice, or anp the fubiectg thereof, but for anoou= 
 ting fuch time onelp ano in fucb cafe ruljen hereafter the fapoe State of Venice (ball againe 
 beginnc to tare or leuie anp manner of neck impofle totttjm the fapoe Dominions bpon anp the 
 gocog or matchar.oijcg of our fapoe fubiccteg beereafcer to be brought into anp the Dominions: 
 • ofthefatD State or Segm'orieof Venice. 9np thing in tbefe our lectetg patents contapneo to 
 the contrarie thereof in anp toifc nottoitbttanotng* 
 
 9no further tore ftraightlp charge ano commaunoe , ano bp tbefe pj efcut eg prohibite all ano 
 Cnctular Cuflomerg ano Collectors of outCuQomeg, ponoage, ano fubfibies, aao all other ©f* 
 ficers uiitljin our l^oite ano Cttie of London ano elfe inhere, to tohom it lhall appertat'ne 
 ano euerp of them , ^hat thep or anp of tljem bp themfelueg, theic clarbeg , or fubftttuteg u)a« 
 not receiue o^tafee , o? fuffc t to bercccuicoor taften forbg or iuout name, or to ourbfe, or in 
 the name, or bnto the bfe of ourbeiteg o? fucceflb?* of anp perfono; perfong,anp fumme or 
 fummes of monep,or other eonCoeration During the fapoe tetme of ttoeluepettes for anp ai* 
 Come , ponoage , tare or fubGoie of anp corrants , rapCns of Corinth , or toineg of Candie a« 
 forefapo faue onelp of ano in the name of the fapoe ©oner now ano companie of marcbanttu 
 of the Leuant , oi of fome of that .companie toitbouttheconfe.nt of the fapoe ^otternour ano 
 companie in lujiting bnoec their fapo common feale , fitft hao ano obtepneo, ano onto tbem 
 (hciti cd f o } t b c tettifpmg theic lap o confent. 9no for the better ano more fure obf erttation there* 
 of luce mill ano graunt fo j W , out heires or fttccelTo is bp thsfe prefentcs , that our Ctea* 
 furour ano Barons of the Crchcquec for the time being b^p force of tljefe pjefenteg , ano the in* 
 tollment thereof in the fapoe Court of our Ctrhequout, at all ano euerp time ano times curing 
 the fapoe terme of ttoelue peeteg, at ano upon tberequett of the fapoe ©ouetuour ano com- 
 panie, their 9ttourncp or attournepg, Deputies o? au"ipeg,u)allano map make ano Direct 
 sneer the feale of tfc fapo? Court one o? mcj? futficienc tojitte oj tojitteg clofe or patent, 
 
 tmto 
 
1 
 
 : 
 
 Turkie Talents. Traffiques,andDifcoueries. . 501 
 
 bnto cticcp oj anpcf tljc fapo Cutfomers 0} otljer Dmccrsto tohomit fljall appertain*, com-- 
 riiauuDmg tbcm ano cucrp of them therebp, that neither tfeep nor anp of them at anp time o j 
 times Dttrins cjje Capo fpacc of ttoeluepecres (hall take entrieof anp co?ants , raifins of Co- 
 r'inch, ortoinesof Candia, ortafeeor make anp agreement for anp cuttome; pomjage, o? otljcc 
 fttbGotc fo? anp of tlje Capo cojatu^, raifins of Corinth, ojtoincsofCandie, tottljanppcrfano? 
 gerfons tohatfoettcr.other thentoith.or in the name ana bp tbepriuitie of the fapo gouemour ano 
 tompanp o r fome oftlje fame companp,* 
 
 9uo further of one fpeciall grace.certainc Imotolebgc, ano meere motion toe haue ronoefcen* 
 DeDanDgraunteo, atiDbpthcfeprefents for us our heiress ano fucceBburs Doe concefccnD and 
 gratmttothc fapD(SouernouranD companp of marcijants of Leuant, that toee out ijciregs anO. 
 fuccelTouts.During the fapo terme, toillnDtgcaunt Itbertie, licence, or potoct to anppetfon o? 
 perfonstohatfocucrcontrarp to the tenour of tbcfe our letters patents, to fatle, paffe, traDr.og, 
 trafftque op the fapoe Leuant ^>ea, into, or fromtljefapDe Dominions oftlje fapir Grand Sig- 
 iiior 0? the Dominions of the State of Venice or anp of them, contrary to the true meaning 
 of thefe pjefents, toit&out the confent of the fapD ©ouewour; sno Companie »? tljemott part 
 oftljem. 
 
 SlnD tohereas Henry Farrington anD Henry He wet fjaue not pet affenteD to bee incorporate!! 
 into the fapo focietie of <Souernour ano companie of marcrjants of Leuant,neuerthcIelTe Ktfaecce, 
 as toe be tnfojmcD, thep haue bene trabers trjat tosp heretofore ; our toill ano plcafure is,ano toe 
 ooeherebp erpreflelp commaunb ano charge that if it happen at anp time toithin ttoo montthjs 
 nertfollototngaftcrtheDate hereof, the fapD Henry Farrington anD Henry Hewet o? cither of 
 them,tofubmittbemfeluestobeoftbefapD companie, anDooegiue fuel; aflurance as the fapo 
 ©oucrnaur aim companie, or the more part of them fljall atloto of, to beare, pap, anD petfojme 
 fmlj orDers, conditutions, paiments anD contributions, as other of the fapo companp (hall be or? 
 sereo to beare, pap,'anDperfojme, that then euerp of the fapo Henry Farrington ano Henry 
 Hewet fa Doing ano fubmitting himfelfe, fljallbponhtsortheir.requeffbuto the fapD ©oner* 
 ttour bee aomitteD into the fapD companie anD corporation of ©ouernour ano companie of mar* 
 chants of Lcuant , anD haue ana eniop the fame , ano as great liberties, priuileges, anB 
 prcheminences, as the reft of the fapbe corporation or companie map, or ought to haue bp 
 toerttteof this our gratmt . 9np thing in t^efe p?cfents centatneo to the contrary nottoith< 
 flanbing, 
 
 9w our toill ano pleafure is, ann hcrebp toee toe alfo opainc that it fijall anD map bee lato* 
 full, to, auDfo? the fapDe (Souernour ano companp of mat chants of Lcuant or tlje more part of 
 them, to anmtt into, ana to be of the fapo companie, anp fuch as haue bene or fljail bee emplopeo 
 as fcruants, factors, or agents in the trabe of marchanoife bp the fapo Leuant feas, into anp the 
 countries, Dominions or territories of the fapo Grand Signior or Signiorie or Estate of Venice, 
 accorntng as thep or the mott part of them fljall tbinfee requifite. 
 
 QnDtohere Anthony RatclirTe,SteuenSome,ano Robert Brooke QlDermen of trjefaiDeCittc 
 0fLondon,Simon Laurence, lohn Wattes.lohn Newton, Thomas Middleton,RobertCoxe, 
 lohn Blunt, Charles Faith, Thomas Barnes, Alexander Danfey, Richard Aldworth, Henry 
 Cowlthirfte, Ca?far Doffie, Martine Bonde, Oliuer Stile and Nicolas Stile SparchantS of 
 
 London for tijeir abilities ano fufficienciee Ijatte bene thought fit to be alfo of the fapo Companp 
 of the fatoe gouernour ano Companp cf atjarchants of Leuant: 2Dur toill ano pleafure ano cr s 
 preffe commaunbement is, anD toee Doe hereby ettablfuj ano oroeiue, that eucrp fitch oftlje 
 
 Fame Anthony Radc!iffe,Steuen Some, Robert Brooke, Simon Laurence, IohnWattes.Iohii 
 Newton, Thomas Midleton, Robert Coxe, lohn Blunt, Charles Faith, Thomas Barnes, A- 
 lexander Danfey, Richard Aldworth, Henry Cowlthirft, Casfar Doffie, MartineBonde, Oli- 
 uer Style, ano Nicolas Style,as ujallpap bntothe faioe©ouernour ano companp of S^archantS 
 ofLeuante tljefumme of one hunoreD ano tbirtie pounbes of latofull Cngliflj monep toitljiit 
 ttoo monethesnert after the Date hereof totoaros tlje charges that the fame Companp haue at* 
 reaepbene atm ant about the eitablifljingof the fapoe traDesfljallfromtljcncefoorth bee of the 
 fame companp of S^arrljants of Leuant as fullp anD amplp ano in like maner,as anp other of thac 
 focietie or Companp* 
 
 : 1ProuiDeDalfo,thattoceourheircsanDfuccenbursatanptime ouringthefapo ttoelue peered 
 map latofuUp appopnt ano authorise ttoo other pcrfons ererciQng the latofull trace of marchan* 
 6(?e, ano being fit men to bee oftlje fapn companie of (Souernour ano companie of mar rbsnts of 
 Leuant, fo tljat the fapo petfons to bee nomtnatcD or authorijeD, fljall aior , Dae, beare, anD paie 
 fuch papments ano charges touching ano concerning the fame traoc ano Ccmpantc of martljcnts 
 
 Cc cf 
 
3oz The Englifh VoyageSjNauigations, < Turhe < Patents, 
 
 of Leuant, ratablie as other of tbe fapD Compantc ofmarcbants of Leuant (ball, aim Doe, oj 
 oiigbt t$ beare ano pap : ano Doe alfo per fo jme ant) obfertte tbe o?ccr s of t !j c fapD Companie al* 
 Joiu able bp tijts our graunt, as otljcrsf oftlje fame Doe o; ought to Doe ♦ 3nD that furb t too per- 
 rons fo to bee appopnteD bp us our ijeires o j fucceuours, (ball artD map toitb tbe fapD Company 
 ufe tlje trace ano featcof marcbauoife afo?efapD,anD all tbe liberties anopjiitilegcsbnrcin before 
 eranteD^ccojDing; to tbemeaning of tbefe our letters patents, anp thing in tbefe our letters pa* 
 tents containeD to tbe contrarp notniitbttanDing, 
 
 3j3?outDco alfo, that ifanpoftbemarcbants before bp tbefe prefents nameoo? mcorpo?atec, 
 to bee of tlje fapo fellotofbip of ©ouernour arm companie of tlje merchants of Leuant, ujallnot 
 Sec tDtllirjS to continue or bee of tlje fame Companie, auoooegtue notice tbereof, oj matte tbe. 
 fame fcnotoeif to tlje fapo <0ouernour nutbin ttoo monetbs nert after tlje Datebercof, tbat tbea 
 fti'clj perfoit fagiuing notice,ujaU no further or anp longer be of that companies baue trace into 
 thole yart'ic3,no?bc at anp time after tljat of tlje fame cojporaticnor companie, oj bfe trace into 
 anp the territories dj countries aforcfapc, 
 
 ' iProutoeD al&apes neuerthelefTe, that euerp fttcb perfon fo gtm'ng notice ano fjauing at tljig 
 pjefene anp gooos oj marcfjanoifes in anp the territories orxountreps of the fapo Grand Sig- 
 nior, or £begnio?ie o? <§>tate of Venice , map at anp time toitbin tlje fpace of cigbtcene mo* 
 rtetbsnert, ano immeoiatelp following after the Date hereof, Ijaue free libcrtie, potter, anD au-- 
 tbo?i£ieto returnetbe fame or tljcbalue thereof into this Eealme, toitbout toting anp trafftque 
 XberCjbut immeDtatelp from thence bitber,pap:'ng, bearing, anftoering, ano performing all fucrj 
 ebargcs,Duetics ano fummesof moncpratablp as other of tlje fame corporation or companp Doe 
 or(Ijallp?p,beare,anfttere,or performed the Itfee* 
 
 IPjoutDeD alfo, tljat tf anp of tbe perfons before bp tljefe prefents nameD o? incorporatco to 
 ice. of tlje fapDfellotttbipcffSouernour ano Companie of the merchants of Leuant, or tobicbj 
 hereafter (ball bee aDmitteo tobeeoftbefapoe Corporation or Companie, ujallat anp time oj 
 times hereafter refufe to bf e of tbefapo Corporation or Compante, o? to beare, pap, or be con* 
 tributorie to, o? not beare ano papfuclj ratable charges ano allowances, or to obferue or pet* 
 forme utrbojDinancesto bee mace as is aforefapo, as ether of tlje fame companp are, or (bail 
 ijeeojDcrcD, to beare, paie, or perform?, tljat then it (ball ano map bee latofull for tlje reft of 
 tbefapo igouernour ano companie ofmarcbants of Leuant, pjcfentlptoerpell, rcmooue, ano 
 Difplace euerp fuch perfon fo,refu0ng, or not bearing ojpaping out, of, ano from tbe fapo Cor* 
 potation ano companie, ano from all prfuilege, libertie, anoprebemmcncetobicbanpfucbper* 
 fonfbouto, oj might claime, or battebptoertueoftljis our graunt, anoinplaceof tljemto elect 
 others crctcifmg tlje latofull traoe of marcbanDife to bee of tlje fapD Companie. 3no that rucrp 
 fttclj perfon fa erpelleo, remooueo, oroifpIaceDbpconfent of tlje fapo (Souernottr ano compa* 
 hie ofmarcbants of Leuant, or tlje more part of them, fijallbec fromtljencefoortb totterlp Dif* 
 ableo to talse anp benefit e bptoertueoftljispriuilege, o? anp time after to bee aDmittcc o? re* 
 ceiueo againe into the fame, anp thing in tbefe prefents containeo to the contrarp nottoittj* 
 ftaiioing, 
 
 IBrotu'oecalttapes, that if it (ball bereafterappeare tobs our rjeiresano furceflcurg, tljat 
 tljisgratmt or the continuance thereof in tlje tuljole or in anp part thereof, fljallnot bee profi* 
 table to bs our beircs ano fucceffours, orto tin's our realme, tljat then ano from tbencefoo?t&, 
 bpon ano after eighteen e monetbs Earning to bee giuen to tlje fapD companie Ipbs our betres 
 ano fuccetfours, tljis pjefent graunt (ball ceafe,bee bopD,ano DetermtncD to all intents, conffruc* 
 lions anD ptttpofes, 
 
 Sno further of our fpeciaH grace, certat'ne ftnotolcDge, ano meere motion, toeebaue con» 
 DefcenoeDanDgrauntcD, anobp tljefe prefents for Ds cue beircganDfuccelfcurs, Doeconoef* 
 cenDanogramittotlje fapoeOoucrnour anD companie of marcljants of Leuant, that if at tbe 
 enDe of tbefapo termc of ttoeluepeercs itujallfecme meeteano conuenientto the fapoe o3o* 
 uernour ano Companie, or anp the parties aforcfapo, that this prefent graunt (ball bee conti* 
 mteo: ?.no ifthatalfoitujallappcarebntobs,ourbeires ano fttcccflburs, that tlje continuance 
 thereof (hall not bee preiuDiciall or burtfull to this our realme, but tljat toce (ball finoe tbe fur* 
 tber continuance thereof profitable for bs our Ijtires ano fucceffours ano for our realme tuitrj 
 fucbtonmtionsasarebercinmentioneD, or toitb feme alteration or qualification thereof, that 
 tbtntoec our beircs ano fucccflburs at the intlance anD humble petition of the fapoe (Souernout 
 ano Companie, oranpofthemfofuing for tlje fame, ano fticb ether perfon ano perfons cue 
 fubie ctcs as tljep (hall nominate ano appoint, or (ball bee bp bs,our Ijeires anD fucceffcttrs netoi 
 IpnominateD, not ercteDing in number ttotltte, nttoletters patents bnocr the greet feale of 
 
 CnglaW 
 
v. - -" ■ f •--■ • ■— ■- ■" — — - - ■- 
 
 M.%ichWrag. Traffiques and Difcoueries. - { . • W 
 
 <£na;lanoinDuefomieoflatoetoitb Ukecouenants, graunts, tlaufcs, ano articles,, aatii tijefe 
 pjefentsarecontaihe&, o^toitljaDDUtonafotljEtneceffaricam'cleBo^cljangiiigoftljcfeiiiiome 
 IjarteSjfojjanD During tijc full tctme of ctocluepceKSttjenncjtfoIloUimg. tSiUingnotobcrcs 
 bp, auDflcatgljtlpcommaunwnganDcljargingalUnJjfingular our abmirals, aice-acmirals, 
 Slullices, Q&aiojs, gjljiriffes, fljfc&eatojs, ConQables, Tjpailtffes, ano allauo Gitojukr otbcr 
 out ©Uiters", Cpitiitlers, liege men anD fubieccs tobatfoeuer,. to bee aiDing.fauaurmgjjelping, 
 aiiDafTilliugijiicotljEfajJDConipameanDUjeicfuccEC&mrs , ana 10 tbar Deputies,' sDrftcers, 
 JFactojS, fetuaunts, affipcsanoHuniQers,anDeuerpoftbe'm, merecutwg ano euioping tlje 
 pjemifles as biell on Inno as on §>ea,from time co timc,$ at all times tolien pou nj anp of you fljal 
 thereto bee requires, anp §)tatute,QUte, omittance, Prouifo, Pjoclamattwojreu'ratntljErc* 
 Eofojeijao,mflDeJetfoo?tb,o?oaineDD?p?ouiDeD 3 o?aripotijcrmr.ttcr > caufed?tijingii)l)att'ocuet: 
 totbeccntcarpinanptoilcnotuiitbltanDing, 
 
 aitrjonjl) erpjefle mention oftfje true peerelp baltie o? certamtie of tbe pjemifles, 0} anp of 
 tljcin, Djofanpottjec gifts o? graunts bpus,oj anp of our pjogenitours to tlje fapoe ©oucrnouj: 
 ano (Eompanic of the marcljantsof Lcuant befoje tljts time maw, iu tbefe p?efcnts is not maoci 
 pi anp Statute, 9cte, ©finance, pjouifion, proclamation o?rcflraint to tljecontrarp tfjereof 
 btfojetyis time bat), maoe, Donejoj pjoutoeD, o? anp otljer matter.thsMr, oj caufe tobatfocucr, ttr 
 anp totfe nottoitbttatraiug. 3!u Uiitneffe toljereof toee haue caufcD tljefe our letters to be made 
 
 patents. GLtitne fle our felfe at (LaMmintter tbe fcuenth Dap of gamfarte in tlje foure ano tljis- 
 
 tictbpeereofeurraigne. 
 
 Per breue de priuato Sigillo. 
 
 "Bailie. 
 
 &$ ^TothelVorfhiffidlandhislpery ioumgVncle • n5M . 
 
 Rowland Hewifti Efqukr 3 at Sand in 
 Deuonfhire. 
 
 \ Ir, considering the goodneffe of your Nature which iswoont kindely 
 to accept from a friend, euen of meane things being giuen with a good 
 heart, Ihaueprefumedcorroubleyouwiththereadiiigofihis rude dill 
 courfeof my trauailes into Turkie , and of the deliuerie of the prefent 
 with fiich other oceurrents as there happened woorthie the obferuation: 
 of all which proceedings I was an eje-witneffe, itpleafing the Ambaffa- 
 dour to takemeein with YamtotheGrand Signior . If forlacke of time 
 to put it in order I haue not performed it fo well as it ought,l craue pardon, alluring you that 
 Co myknow'ledge I haue not miffed in the truethofany thing . Ifyou aske niee what in my 
 trauels I haue learned, Ianfwereasanobleman of France did tothelikedemaurid, Hoc v- 
 fiitm didici, mundi contemptum; and fo concluding with the wife man in the booke of the Prea- 
 cher, that all is vanitie, and one thing onely is neceflarie, I take my leaue and commit you to 
 theAImightic. FromLondonthe 16. March i 5°7- 
 
 Your louing Nephew 
 
 %tcbardiVrag. 
 
 ^ A defcription of a Vofage to Confiantinople and Syria, 
 
 begun the 21 . of March 1505. and ended the 9. of Auguft, 
 1 5 9 5. wherein is fhewed the order of dcliuerrng the fecond Pre- 
 
 fent by Mafter Edward's arton her maiefties Ambaflador, which 
 
 was fent from her Maieftic to Sultan Murad Can, 
 
 Emperout of Turkie. 
 
 1 45 fet faile in tlje Afcenfion of London, a ncto (hippe berp togll appointee;, 
 ! of ttoo buns jed anD thjee fco je ttmnes ( toljettof toas mafier one William 
 Broadbanke, apjouiDCntanDtkilfullmanin bisfacultte) from Graucfc • 
 endtbeoncanDttuentieofSpflrcIj 1 $9 3, 3rtD Upon tlje eigljt of ap?ill fo* 
 lofting nice paffcD tbe ffceigbts of Gibraltar, ano Uiitiia fmall u' it fie rue 
 gale, tlje 24.of tbe fame, toe arriuen at Zante an JIanD tmocr tl;e Veneti- 
 s. 'SLbe fourth of 09ap toee Departco, anDtbeoneanDttoentie Uieeanr- 
 UEDat AlexandrettatllCiliciatntbeUerp bottome Of tbe Mediterrane fea, a roaoe feme 25. 
 
 miles Dtllant from Antiocb y tohew our matcljamslano tljetr gooos to bee feiufoj Aleppo. 
 
 Cc a ,frwn 
 
CanAe. 
 
 €|je Mfciitfion 
 flrrMet>att5)e 
 7tott)fts. 
 
 ■Cfte (rjip fain* 
 
 tttt) ttitgrjnd 
 Signior. 
 
 304. TheEnglifliVoyageSjNauigations, MH^ich JVrag. 
 
 tfromtljencetoeefetfailethefiftofjane, anobpcontrarp toinbesi toere bjiuen bpontbe roaff 
 ofCaramaniatntoaroatineerealitle 3Ianb Ulcere a caaiefianBetb, callebCaftleRoflb, fome 
 tbtrtielcagues to tbe CaOtoarDiS of tbe Rhodcs.tuhere after longfearcbfo? freft) toaccr,toe coulB 
 fmoe none, bntil certain* pooje ©rer'kcjs of the 3llanu brought tig to a tocll toljerc toe bae 5 0? 5 
 ttmsXljat part of tbe countrp nert tbe fea ts nerp barren $ full of motmtains.pct fauna toe there 
 an bloc tombe of marble,toitl) an epitapb of an ancient <S?eeke caracter,bp antiquitp neere toojne 
 out anb pall rcabing; tohicbto tljebebolecrsfeemebamonumemoftljegreatneu*cof thetSjcci- 1 
 ah monarcbp, JTrom tbence toe toent to tlje Rhodes, ano bp contrary toinocs toere ojiticn into a 
 pojt of Candy, calleo Sittia : this Slant) is brtoer the Venetians, tobo bane tberc 600 foulbicrs, 
 befibe certaine © jcek&continuallp in pap, fcere toitb contrarp toinos tue ftapeb fir toecks.anb in 
 
 tjjefno, Ijattingtlje toinDcpjofpcrouS, toefailebbpNicaria, Pharos, Delos, anb Andros,toitrj 
 
 fight ofmanp other planes in tbe Archipelago, anbarriuebattbettoocaaiesinHellefpomtb'e 
 24 of 3uguuY {Klitljinfcto bapes after toe came toGalipoli fome tljirtp miles from this place, 
 toljerc foure of ijstpoke a Parma oj boat of tbat place , tottbttootoatermen, tobubtotoebhg &- 
 longtlje^hjacianfyojetoConftantinople, tobtclj fomctime failing anbfometimerotoing, in 
 foure bapes tljep perfojmeD.tiLbe Brflof September toe arritirb at tbe famous po?t of tbe Grand 
 Signior, tohere toe toerenotalittietoclcotricto 99, Edward Barton bntillthen ber Spaiefties 
 9gent,toljo (toicljmanp otljcr great perfcnsjljabfojmanp bapes etpcctco tbe pjefent. jfiueoj 
 fire bapes after tljelhippc arritteu neere tlje @>cttcutotoers, tobtclj te aberpfrtongljolb, anb fo 
 calleb of fo manp turrets, toljirlj it bath, Ganeing neere tbe fea fine, being tbe firCpart of tlje citp 
 tbat toe came buto, ijJeere tbe 9gent appointee tbe mnflcr of tlje Afcenfion to ffaptoitljtbe 
 Jhippetmtillafittetoinbe ano oppo jttinttp fertteti to b?ingber about tlje Seraglio to falttte tbe 
 Grand Signior in bis* moskyta pj cburclj i fo? pou (hall touutttano tbat be batb built one neere 
 tbetoallot' bis Seraglio ovpallacc actopningto tbe feea Roe ; tobcreunto ttoife oj tbjifca 
 toeckebcerefojtetbtopetfojme fucb religious rites as tbeir lato required t tobere bee being 
 toitljinfeto bapes after,ourfljippefct out in their bca matter toitb flagges, Creamers anopen« 
 bants of outer jkoloureofilke, tottljall tbe mariners, togetb{rtottbmottofthc9mbaflabour<j 
 men, bailing silje tombe faire, anbeametoithin ttoo cables length of tljisljis moskita, tobere (bee 
 to fjis great content beljotmng tl-e fijippe iti fttcb bjauerp ) tbf p bifebargeo fitC ttoo Mies of 
 fntflU ujot,anb tljen alltlje great ojbinancc ttoife ouer, tljere being fetten ano ttoentic 0? eight ano 
 ttocnttc pieces in tljeujip,{KIbtcb«perfomieb, be appointee tlje Buftangi-Bafla o? captaine of tbe 
 great anb fpaciouSgaroeaojparke, to giue cur men tljankes, toitb reqtiefi tbat fome other nap 
 fjjcptooitlbfijeto him tbe like fpojretoljenhec tooulobate tbe Sultana oj Cmpjefile a ieboloec 
 thereof, totjicljfeto bapes after at tbe fijippes going to tlje Cuflome-ljoufe tljep pcrfojmeb, 
 
 Cbe grand Signiors falutation tljus enbeo, tlje mailer bjougljt tbe fljtp to a« anker at Rapa- 
 mat neere tlje ariibatTaDo^sljoufe, toljereljee Itketoifefaluteo Ijtm toitb alibis great ojDiitance 
 onceouer, anbtobcrcbelanoeDtljelJ3jefent, tbe»elitterie tobereoffo? a timctoasflaien : tlje 
 caufeoftobicbCaic it fijallneitberbebifljonojablefo? our nation, o?trjattooo?tbieman tlje am= 
 batTabo? to fiieto pott.9t tlje Departure of SinanBafla tlje cbicfc Vizir,anb onr ambaffanojs threat 
 frienDtotoatotbetoarres ofHungarictbere toasanotbcrBaflaappointeb in bis place, a cbur-» 
 liJjanDbarujnaturetiman, toljo BponoccafionofcertaineGenouezes.efcapingoutoftbe ca= 
 ftlesttanoiiigtotoarutlje€ttrinefeea, notue calico tlje Wacke «§>ea, tbere imp?ifoncb, app?e= 
 benbebanbtbjeatcneb to erecute one ofou*CngliujmencallcbIohn Field, fojt^at bcetoas ta» 
 kentbereabouts, ansbnotocn not manp bapes before to bauebjougbt a letter to oncoftljem: 
 bpontljefolltcitingoftobofe libertie tbere fell aiarre bcttoeene t|e Bafla (being notoecljiefc 
 Vizir) anb our ambaffabo?, anb in cboler be gaue ber maieCies ambatTabo? fucb too?bs, as toitlj* 
 out fuftaintng fome great inDignttic bee coulb not put bp . SUljereupon after tbearriuall of tbe 
 p?efent,bemabe an Arz,tljatis,a bill of Complaint to tlje grandSignior agatnlibim,tlje matter 
 tnerbibttingtobereofistbugperfo?meb» 
 
 Cbeplaintifeserpecttbe grand Signiors going abjoab from Ijtspallace, either to Santa So- 
 phia 0? to bis cljurcljbp tlje fea fibe, toljttljcr, tottbaPerma (tbatisoneoftbetrijfualltobirrics) 
 tljep appjoclj toitbin fomettoo 0? tljjee fco?e paros, toijere tlje platntifeflanbetljbp, anb boloetb 
 bis petition otter bis fo jeljeau in figbt of tlje grand Signior (fo? bis cljnrcb tsopen to tbe <S»ea Gee) 
 tlje reft fitting ftill in tlje boat, tobo appointctb one of Ijis Duarfes to receiue them, anb to bjing 
 tljem to htm. a D toarfe,one of tlje 9mbaOabo?s fauo?ites,fo foone as be toas Bifcerncb, becfenen 
 bim to tbe fijoje fine, tooke bis Arz, ano tottb fpecb carieb it to tbe grand Signior, jftoto tbe effect 
 of it toas tljts ; tbat crcept bis Ijigbneffe tooulo rebjefTe tbis fo great an t'naignirie,tobiclj tlje Vi- 
 zir bis flaue bab offeree bim ana Ijer maicCie in bis perfon, be toas purpofeD to betaine tbe p?e« 
 fent bnttll fuclj time as be migljt bp letters etier-Ianb from ber maieaie bee certifieb, toljitbcr (lie 
 
 tOOttlD 
 
 Ctitcaufj«f 
 ftapmgtse 
 
 an ArttflttK 
 grind Signior, 
 
M/RjchardWrag. TrafFiques, and Difcoueries. 305 
 
 JaioulDpucbpfogreatauininrieasicUiaS.. fEQljcretiponbepieleutIpttturncDant"uJcre, rcquc- «CbwMt6a« 
 fiingtbeambaffaDojtoithinnnboureaftmogoetotbeDouanoftbe Vizir, unto toljomtjiiufelfe ° ~ m ' 
 ofbiscbargctootilofenoagoumeofclotbcfgolo , ano commaunokimpublikdpto putitbpoit 
 tymjanototljkino entertainment to embrace ijiminligne of rccor.ciiiattcn.Ktt;crcupcnouums 
 I)<uTaoo?r£turningbome,tooke bisrjo}fe,accompameoteitljljisme,anD camcto clje Vizirs court, 
 JDrjerejaccDjoincr, to tlj« grand Signiorscommauo,he lmt!j all Qjetu of kintnefte cmbjacco tljc «m= 
 Iwffaoo j,ano toitb curtcotts fpeccbes reconctlco ljirafe!fe,ano mitf) bis cam bancs put tlje golunc 
 ofclotbofgolobponljisbacke. ftllljicbBone, bee fcmljljisattenoants returnee home, to tlje no iicroncttatinn 
 fmaUaomiration of aUCvj?ittians tljat tcaro ofit,efpecialIp of tlje Fienchanc Venetian ambaf« Jj ) l "£/ !KSl5<i: 
 faDo?s, tuljoncucnn tbe like cafe agamittbcfeconcperfonoftbe^urkitbCmpireomaijaue 
 atttmpteDfobolDanenterpfifetoitbbopeoffoftienDlpaiioicnce, ano teitij fo fpeetie recjefle. 
 ■©bis reconciliation iuittj tlje great Vizir thus mane, the ambalfaoo? prepares fjimfeife foj tlje be- 
 liuerie of tlje U3?efcnt jtuljicljbpon tlje 7 of October 1 5 9 ; .in tljis mancr be pcrfojmcb. 
 
 %te Afccnfion toitb her Bags ano fireamcrs, as afQ?c{aio,repafrec nigb unto tlje place toljf re <ct t am&ata* 
 tbe ambaffaboj ftjoulc lano to go bp to tlje Seraglio j fo? pou mail tmocrftanB trjat all Cij?JCian Jj»» b*«o m 
 ambatraDo?srjauetiicirctocIliriginPera DJrjcremoacljjiaiansabice/ronitel'icijpiue, ercept tuepieftnt. 
 pott Uioulo go 4 0? 5 miles about,pou cannot bp lano go to Conitar.tinople, toljcreas bp feca it is 
 litle bjooer tljen tlje "OjameS , Ottt 9tnbaffaDo? likcnjife apparelleo in a futc of clotlj of Qlucr, 
 tottljanljpperptoneofclotl)ofgolD^ccoiripanierjtoitlj7gentlcrncnincoftlpfutes of gmttin, 
 loitrj3ootberofljismen»crptirEUapparelleo, ann all in otic littecic of fao frenclj rulfcc ciottj 
 gotones,at Ijis tjoufe tooke boate ; at to^ofe lanoing tlje lljip Diftfjargeo all tjet ojotuancCj teljcre 
 iiketoife attcnoeo 2 Baflas,D)itb4o 0) 50 Chaufes to accompanp p atnbaffaooj to tlje courts a'fo ' 
 
 Ijojjfes fo?tlje amtiaffatro? ^fjt!5gentlemcn,iierpricijlp f«cmil;eD,u;itIj ^urlitfijfccttantsfittenrjac 
 to take trje Ijo?fcS toije tbep lijoalD ligbctZLbe ambaifaooj tljusijcno^ablp accumpam'eo. tbe Chau- 
 fesfojemotl, nert bis men onfoote all going bptloo ano ctoo, (jimfclfe !aft "autb Ijis Chaufc ar.o 
 JDjugamanoj 3interp2£tcr,ano 4 3lanuTarieS, toljiclj be occtlj bfuallp entertatne in ijis ijouli to ztc amiwc 
 accompanp bim conthuiallp ab?oaO, came to tlje Seraglio about an <EngitOj mile from tbe mater ^ t "; c li J ) ^ 
 Ooe, tohere firC (jeepaffeo a great gate into a large court (much like tbe fpace before KEUjitc ball 
 gate) torjerc Ije toitij tjts gentlemen aligljteo ano left tljcir ljo?fes. jfrom bente ttjrp paiteD into art 
 otrjet fiatelp court.being about 6fco?e in bjcotfj, auD fome 1 o fcoje pares long,toittj manp trees 
 in tt;Uifjerealltrje court iaaslnitlj great pompefet inojoer to entertatne our ambairaoo?. Upon 
 trje rtgljt bano all tlje lengtb of tlje courc ijuas a gallerie arcbeo oucr, ano bo jne by lsitij Cone ptl^ 
 Jars,mucb like tbe Roiall Exchange.toljere aooo *moft of Ijis guaro in rankes from tlje one cito *f p ! '^ f f e 
 sotljcotljerincoillparap, toitljrounorjeao pieces on tljctrljeaos of mettall ano gilt otter, Uiitlj a ttuntutns ana 
 great plume of fetljersfomeuirjat like a long bjuujttanoingbp befoje, SDa tlje left IjanoGooo 0tfif!,c8 - 
 tlje Cappagieso}po?ters,ano tlje Chaufes.3lltljefe courtiers being about tbe numbcrof 2000. 
 (as 31 migbt toell geue) mottof tljem apparelleo in clotlj of gold, filuer, oelttet, fatttn ano fcarlct, 
 Bio togctljer toitlj boluing tbeir booies, laping tljcir bancs upon tbeic b jetts in cttetcous maner of 
 falutation,entettaintbe ambalfaDoj:tobolikcUiifepairmg bettoeentbcm,$tum!ng bimfclf fom* 
 time to tbe rigljt bano ano fomecime to tbclcft.anfuiereotljemUiitbtbe like, asbetljuspaffco a* 
 longjCertatneChaufesconDucteDljimtotljeDouan.tcbicbistljefeatofjJuiiccUJbcrecertaine 
 Dapcsof tbeUieeke tbe grand Vizirjloitlj tljeotljerVizirs^tbe Cadi-lesker cj lojo cljiefc 3 uttice, 
 5 tlje ^ufti of btgbp?ieli 00 fit to Determine upon fucb caufes as be bjougljt befoic tljcm.toljicij 
 place is bpon tbe left doe oftljis great court, tobitljeu tlje BmbatTacojUiitljljis gentlemen came, ^ o •' J rf flmbfllIi, * 
 Habere bee founo tbe Vizir tbus atcoinpanieo as afojefapo, tobo niitlj great fijcUi of kinones rrcei= «?' o"i"'iuub 
 ueo btimanoafterceceit of bcrmaieatesletters,f conference Ijao of tbe IB^ftntjOfbcrmaieftics auJunoudfe 
 Ijealtlj, of tbe flate of England,anDfucbotIjer matters as concerneo our peaceable traffique in 
 tljofeparts:omner being pjepareb toas bpmanpof pCourticrs bjougbt into anetljer inner roome 
 nertaDiotning,U)IjicbconQlleoofanbunojeoDinjesojtberabout3,moSboilcDfrotte5,ii)ijerctbc sr>mcc^ouBi« 
 ambatfaooj accompanieo itj tbe Vizirs toicnt to oinner, Ijisgcntlemenliketoifc toitlj ibe relief bis "'* 
 wen bailing aoinner nritb tbe like oarictic pjepareobponj) fame fioc cf tlje court,bp tljefelttes fate 
 notone to tljcir meat^o 0? 5oChaufcs ttanoingat t^ bpper enoattenoingbpon tlje gcitt'eme to 
 fee tljem fcruco in goeo ojoec ; tljeic ojinke tuas ruater mtnglco toitlj rote voater $ fagar Igougljt 
 maLuthro(tbatisagoatesfkinue)Uiljtcbamancarictljatbisbacke, anoisnDciijtEarmclettctlj 
 it run out at a fpout into cups as men toil callfo? it.^bc oiuner tbus laitlj gooo o?oer bjougljt in, 
 ano fojljfllfeanbouretoitlj great fobfictie ano ltlcnceperfojmco,luas not foo?Deilptak£nbp;fojj 
 certatne Moglans officers of tbe kitcbii<like ber maiclltes blacke guaro) came in otfojocrco ma= wntr tahcu 
 net ano tookcaniap tbe oiujes,anobclubofebungrpeie one DiOjcoulD not fatifae, turucotiuo oj ^^ 
 ttyee one into trje otber.,anD tljusof a fuooen teas a clean? ciooauce maoe of all, 'Sljeainbalfaoo? 
 
 Cc 5 after 
 
gentlemen. 
 ^IBePitfenr. 
 
 qrile ^jefent 
 
 UlcluiD. 
 
 3The ambaCTa* 
 bo: hiCTct'i the 
 grand Signiois 
 billlD. 
 
 ■ — — — Tr ■ ■ i ■ 
 
 306 The Englifh Voyages 3 Nauigations, M.^icb.fVrag, 
 
 after citmer toitlj lj:s gentlemen, bp certatne officers toere places at tlje upper cube bpon tlje left 
 fioeofttje court ,iiete unto a great gate tobicb gaue entrance to atljird court being tut litlc .patten 
 Will) fionc,31n tlje mib8 inijcieof toas a litlc Ijotife built of marble,as 31 take tt,toitljin tobicb fate 
 «oU)tKB of rtJ E g rand S ignor, actojbing to toljofe commanbement gtucn tbere toere gotones of clotb of goto 
 ciotti of goin fyougbt cut ofitje toarcropcanb put bpon tbe ambaffabo? and 7 of ljis gentlemcn,tbe ambaffaoo? 
 fSojanbWs bimfelfe Ijautng 2,GneofgolD,anbibectberofcrimofmbeluct,all tbcrrffoneapiece. Cbencep 
 taine Cappagies bac tlje {p?efent,tobicb loss in trunks tljere reabp,deliucrcd tbem bp tbe ambaf* 
 f.ido?s meu,tt being 1 2 gooolp pieces of gilt plate,? 6 garments of fine Cnglifl) clotljof al colo?*, 
 aogarmentssofclotljofgolDjiogarmentsoffattinj^ptecesoffineipollanD, and certame otbec 
 tljtngs of gooD Baltic ; al toljicb toere caried rouns about tbe rourt,eact) man taking a piccc.being 
 in number berp neere 1 00 parceis,and fo 2 and 2 going round tbat all migbt fee it,to tfce greater 
 glo?p of tlje p?efent,attd ofljtm to toljom it boas! giuen : tljev tocnt into the timet mou" court pairing 
 bp tlje totndoto of tbat roome.toljere tlje grand Signior fate,tobo,as it toent bp to be lato bp m cer* 
 tameroomesaoioinittg.toottebiebJOt'all, T|3?efcntlp after tlje p?efent follotocb tljeanvbafladoj 
 toitlj bis gentlemen; at tlje gateof tobicb court Coone 20 0? 30 Agaus toljtcbbe ettnuebs. 2SJitb= 
 in tlje court parb were tbeEtttkes DtoarfesandDumbemen,bcmrjtiioltoftljcmpout&s t 3t 
 tljecoo?e of ijis roomt ftooc tbe Buftangi-bafla, toitlj another Bafla to lean tlje ainbaflado? anb bis 
 fulotocrs to tlje grand Signior tobo fate in a cljaire of ettate, apparelled in a gotone of clotb of fu> 
 tier, •ftlje floo?e bncer ljis fecte, tobicb part teas a footebigber tljen tbe reft, bias couercb toitb a 
 carpet of green fatttn cmbjobercbmofl ricfjlp toitlj filuer,o?iene perlcs^grcat ^Cttrkefes ; $ otljec 
 part oftbe boufe toas cottered toitlj a carpet of Carnation fatttn imb?odered *b golo,none toere in 
 tlje roome toitlj ljim,but a Bafla tobo flooo ncrt t(je toall otter againff Ijim banging colon Ijis rjeab, 
 tj looking fubmuTelp bpon tlje grouno as all Ijis fubiccts boc in bfs p?efence,&lje ambatfaoo? tljus 
 betbJitt tbjo toljiclj ftoob attfje oooje being leb tn.eitljer of ttjnn taking an arme,kttreol)t?tjanb, 
 anb fo bacttbjarb lnitlj Ijis face to t&c Curfee tbep b^ottgljt Ijim niglj tlje dojc agatne.tuljere Ije flooo 
 bnttll tbep rjab likebJife bone fo toitlj all tlje rett of bis gentlemen, JKEUjiclj enocb,tlje ambaGaooi, 
 acco^oin j as it is trje cuflome \a\jm anp pjefent i$ beItttereo,mabe Ijis tljjee bemaunbs,futb as be 
 tljougbt mod erpebitnt fo? Ijer maicfiies bono?, 9 tlje peaceable traffiqtte of our natio into bis bo* 
 minions t boljcreunto be anfbJcrcb in one tto?o,Nolo,bJljicb is in ■SZLurfeifi) as muclj as, it ftjal be 
 cone : fo? it is not tljt maner of tlje 'Surfeilb empero? familiartp to confertoitb anp€b?ifttan am- 
 ■sriieambafra* baffabo?, bat be appoiritetbbisOt?ir in Ijis perfon to graunttljeirbemaunba if tljep betoljis H= 
 atanKD 1 "*"* 3 fein 2 ; as ta mt m]}t >R m l ty 5ta«teb all bis cemanbs.fj gaue o?Drr tljat bis oaflp allotoance fo? 
 bis boufc of mosp^cuj.tooon.fj ljaie,f|)oitHj be augmenteb toitlj balfe as mucbmo?eas it bao bene 
 befo?t Jperettpou tlje ambaffaoo? taking bis leatie, bf parteb toitlj Ijis gentlemen ttje fami! toap Ije 
 camc,tlje niljolc court falttting Ijim as tljep ^xs at bis commtng in ; 5 comming to tlje fecono court 
 to tafeectir[jo?fes,aftcrrjjcbJcremotinteo,vj:cftaieoljaIfe an boure,bntil tlje captain of tlje gtiam 
 luitlj 2 000 Ijojfinen at tlje leafl palfeo befo je, after tobomfoiobjcb 40 0^50 Cbattfes ncrt before 
 tlje ambafTabo? to accompanp bim to Ijistjoufc, 9nb as befo?eat bis Ianbing,fo nob) at Ijis taking 
 boat.tlje flfip biftljargeo all ijet greatojemance, Uibere arrtuing,lje liketoife Ijab a great banquet 
 pjepareb to entertainetljofebjljiclj came robbing bim Ijome.Cbepoirtpefjfolcmnitie of tbel^?e* 
 fentjiuttb tbebaptljtts cnDeb,befijo?tIp after pjefenteb tbe Sultana 0? empjeffe tobo (bp reafon 
 tbat (Ije is motljer to bim tobicb bias Ijeire to tlje crobm 3ImpcriaI)is Ijab in far greater reuerence 
 tljen anp ofljisotbcrEluecnso? concubines. tlljelpjefentftntberinbermaieftiesnamebJasa 
 tebjel of Ijcr maicttiesptcture,fet biitlj fome rubies anb oiamants, 3 great pieces of gilt plate.i o 
 garments of clotb of golo,a berp fine cafe of glaffc bottles Gluer 9 gilt.britlj 2 pieces of fine ifpol* 
 laiib.biljicb fo gratefullp fibe accepteb, as tbat flje fent to knoto of tlje ambaffabo ? biljat pjefent be 
 tljottgljt (be migljt returnf bjottlomofl beligljt bet maicflie;b)bo fentb)o?o tbat afttteofpnncelp 
 attire being after tlje 'Eurktuj fafljton bioulb fo? tbe rarcneffe tbercof be acceptable in England. 
 dUbetetipcm (be fent an bppcr gobme of clotb of golo berp riclj, an bnber gobute of clotb of filuer, 
 anb a girole of Cttrkie bio?ke,rtcb anb faire,biitb alctter of grattfication,b)bicb fo? tlje rareneffe 
 of tlje llilcbccaufepou map beacquatnttb toitlj it, 3 fauz at tbeeitbeof tljis oifcourfe bereunto 
 anncrcbjtobiclj letter anop?efent,biitlj one from tbe grand Signor,bias fent bpSp.Edward Bu- 
 ittterBfentfoi fhcl),aniifl^.William Aldridge outr-lanbtlje2o ofS©arcb, b)bopau"ebtb?ougbValachiaano 
 
 d'SianO. Moldauia,fJ fo tlj?OUgb Poland^tobete Michael p?t'ncebf Valachia, anb Aron Voiuoda p?inceof 
 
 Moldauia retetutng letters from tbe ambau"aoo?,emertaineb tlje bJitb al curtefte, tb?ougb biljofe 
 meanesbptlje great fauotttbrtjicb W Io?bfbipbabb)itb tbe grand Signior, tbepbab not long be* 
 «rhrotheri3i> fo?ebotboftljembeneaouanceototljeirp?incelpoignities . Bpee liketoife p?tfenteb Sigala tlje 
 abmiraIloftbc!i>cas,b)itbAbrim Bafla, toljomarieb tlje great burkes baugljter,anb all tlje 0* 
 tber aijirs toitlj biuers pieces of plate, fine <Cngltfl)Clotlj?otbetcofllptbtngs: tbe particulars 
 
 tobereof 
 
 <Zhc Sultanas 
 pjetcnt. 
 
 Sthc Sultanas 
 piefcmtorhc 
 sluceiic. 
 
 -irs pjtfeiU 
 tcti. 
 
MSRkhardWrag. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 507 
 
 Mjereof, to auotD tet>iourncCre,31 omtt, 9!l tljep^fentg thus enoeo , the Ojtjj fijootmg ten pieces 
 ofojoinarsccat tlje Seraglio point, asalaflfarclriell, DcpattcD on her iottrncpfoi England the mtAranGoa 
 firlt of j9ouember,mp felfecontinumgin Confhncinopie Dnrill tlje lafl of 3ulp aftcrXbis pere 6t '»»"i'- 
 in the fpjmg there tDasgreatp?eparationfo?.the Hungarian tears ; anDtljcgreat 'Curketbjea^ ®im ww 
 teneo to goe bimfelfe in pctffan ; but like Heliogabalus, his aff cctioas being mo je feruiceable to sfSSSwruS* 
 Venus tbentoMarsjljcrtapcD at borne. 2»etagrcatarmpt»asDilpatcljeDt!jispcrc;lDbo,a8thep manu. 
 came out of Afiato goe fo? Hungary • Dio fo peifer tlje flrects of Conftantinople fo? the fpaceof 
 ttoomonetbs in tlje fp?ing time , as fcarfc citljer Clj?tfltan o? 3leUj coulo toithout Danger of io* 
 fing hismoncp patfe up anDDotonetbccitp. iHHbattnfoIcncics, mutoers anD robberies lucre 
 commttteOnotonelpDponCb?ifltansbutaU"bbpon 'Eurfes 31omittoto?ite, anojpjaptfSoDin 
 England the like map muer be fcene : anD pet 31 coulo lum), that fneb amongtt ds as batte iniopen 
 tlje iffiofpel luith fticb great ami aomtrauie peace ano p?ofperitp bnocr her apaieffics gotiernment 
 this fojtp pceres, ant) ljatte not all this time b jottgljt fo?tfj better fruits of obetn'encc to ($oo, anu 
 thankfuIrtetTc to her Spiefip, toerc tljere but a fljo?t time to beholDe tlje miferablc conoition botk 
 of Ch?ittians anu others luungbnoerfuch antnfbell p?ince, DjIjo not onelp arc lu?appcD in moff 
 palpable 9 grofle igno?ante of mino, but are rleane toicljout the mcanes of tlje true knoluIcDge of 
 <Soo:3i ooubt not but the fight hereof (if thep be not cleane tooio of grace) tootilD ttirre them Dp to 
 mo?e tbanftcfulnelfe to Q5od, that euer tljcp lucre borne in fo happp a time , ano DiiDer fo mife ana 
 goolp a p?ince p?ofeffing tlje true religion of Chrift. 
 
 Clje number of fottlDiours toljicb tontt to tbe luarres of Hungary tljis pere toerc 470000, as 
 »pt!jc particulars giuenbptbeaDmirallto the 9mbattacour bcrcutiDerDo appearc, although 
 all tljefe mere appointeD anD fuppofeD to goe, pet the uicto?ics tuljtcfj the Chjiflians in the fp?ing 
 IjaD againll the 'Cutks If rookc fitch aterrour in manp of the tlurkiuj fouloiours, as bp repojt Dt-- 
 ttcrs Dpon the toap thither left tljeit Cap taines anD Hole atoap, 
 
 The number of Turkifli fouldiers which were appointed to goe 
 into H/w^rj' againft the ChriftianEmpcrour. May 1534. 
 
 Qlnan Bafla gcnerall, lUt'tb the Saniacke mafould, thatiS, OUtofoffice, DJiththcetfcttSan. 
 
 Oiacks in office o> of Degree, 40000, 
 
 Achmigi, that is, 9ouenturers, 50000, 
 
 *a;he Agha oj Captaine with his Janifaries.affli bis (Siebegtes, 20000* 
 
 ■?Lhc Beglerbeg Of Grsecia,toith all his Saniacks^oooo, 
 
 ©hecompanpof Spaheiso?bo?femen, 10000, 
 
 'She companp of Silkari, 6000, 
 
 ^hecQmpanpofSagbulueanDofSolbuluebothtogether,8ooo, 
 
 %kt Bafla of Belgrad, -\ 
 
 "2E.be Bafla of Temifwar. 
 
 %\)l Bafla of Bofna. J> 80000, 
 
 "SDhe Bafla of Buda.- 
 
 %\)t Saniack of Gerfeeh. 
 
 Y 
 
 Out of jifia. 
 
 T 
 
 ®je Bafla of Caramania. 
 
 •StbC Bafla of Laras. 
 
 %he Bafla of Damafco. 
 
 m Bafla of Suas. j> 120000, 
 
 "2Lhe Bafla of Van ojNan. | 
 
 %bZ Bafla of Vfdrum. J 
 
 ©fTartars there be about 100000, 
 
 ®hus pou map fee that thegreat Curfee maftetb Momt toitlj no fmall numbers. 2ud in anno 
 i597,iMhen Sukan Mahomet ijimfelfetoent in perfon into Hungary, ifaman map bcleeue re- 
 ports, hehabanarmpof 600000, 
 
 if 0? the citp of Conftantinople pou ffjall DnDcrttanD tljat it is matchableUJith anpcitp in Eu- 
 rope, afDjell in bigneffe as fo? tlje plcafant Otuation thereof,anD commooious traffikc ano bjing* 
 tng of altmaner of neceffarp p^ouifion of bictuals , anD luhatfoeuer els mans life fo? tlje fuflen* 
 tation thereof fijall require, being feateo Dpon a promontory, looking toinarD Ponrus Euxinus 
 bpon t^e |2o?tljea8,anD to Propontis on t&e §>outhtoeff,bp to^ich ttoo fcas bplbipping is brought 
 
 great 
 
Santa Sophia, 
 
 308 TheEngli(hVoyages,Nauigations.,A/.^/V/>. Wrag 
 
 great Co?c of all matter of bictuals.'E.he citp it fclfc 111 fo?mc rcpjefentetij a triangular figure ,tlje 
 featoafijing the toallcs bpon ttoo Hdcs tlcrcof^tljc otljc r fioefaceth the continent of Thracia; the 
 grand Signiors feraglio fianoetb opon that point tohich locket h into the Tea, being cut off from 
 the cttp bp a toalfc fo tljat p toall of his pallace conteine;h in circuit about ttoo CEnguuj miles : the 
 Teiien toluers fpoitcn of before llano at another corner, $ Conftantines oloepallace to the jflojth 
 at the tljito corner. Che c?tp Ijath a thjtefoloe toall about it ; the inncrtr.oft toerp ht'gb , the neitt 
 fotocr then that, ans tljc tijirn accuntcrmure , ano is in circuit about tcnCnglilbmilesathatb 
 fottreanottoentp rjatr : ano tohenthe empire toasremooueo out of thcS2lefl into the Caff, it 
 toas inrichco toitb manp fpoilcs of oloe Rome bp Vefpafian ano other empcrours,hauing manp 
 monuments anoptllars in ittoojtbptheobferttation ; amongfltlje reff in themioff of Conflanti- 
 nopk (lanocth one of tohitc marble calleo Vefpafians pillar, of 3 3 o? 40 pares high, tohicb hath 
 from the bafe to the top proportions of men in armour fighting; on ho?fcbacke:itisliketotfeaD'' 
 rjjttco toithoiuers gooolp builbings gt flatelp £0cfqttitas,tohcreof the biggcfl is Sultan Solimans 
 agreattoarriour, tohicb Itueo in the time ofCharles the fifth; butthefairefl is SantaSophia, 
 toljichin the time of tljc €lj?itfian emperours toas tlje chiefe catheejall cburch,ano is ffill tngrea* 
 tell account toitlj the great Curfce : it is built rouiio like other (Sjeefeiuj churches, thepaue* 
 mentsano toallts be all cf marble, it hatb beneath 44pillars of oiuers coloureD marble of aomi* 
 rable heigib ano bignflfe, tohich ftano upon grcacrouno feet of bjaffc, much greater then the 
 pillars, ano of a great Ijcigth , fome ten pares oitfant from tljc toall : from tohich Ditto thefe pil* 
 lacs is a great gallcrp built, tohich gceth rouno about the church ; ano Upon the outline of the gal* 
 lerptfano 66 marble pillars tohich bearebp the rouno roofe being the top of the church : it hatb 
 th?cc pulpits 0? pleaching places , ano about 2000 lampes bjougbt inbp the Curke, iiketoifij 
 bpononefioeiutbetoptsthepictureofChrifttoitbtte 12 Spofllcs, but their faces are oefaceo, 
 toitb ttoo 0? thjee anctent tombs of Ch;tifltans : to the S2M flickcth an arroto in the toppe of tlje 
 church, tohicb,as theCurks report, SulcanMahomet ujot tohenhefirfltoo&cthccitp. jftecre 
 aotppmttg be ttoo chapels of marble , tohere lie burieo moll of the emperours toith tljeir cbil* 
 njen fcfukanas. %\)t 16 of siulp.accompanteo toith fome other ofournation toe toent bp toatec 
 to the Blacke fea,being 1 6 milcsoiflant fto Conftantinoplc, the fea al the map thither being lit* 
 tie bjoaoer then the thames;botb fiocsoft.heujo?e are beautifieo toith fatre jgcoolp builoingsf. 
 9t themouthofthisBofphorusIietlj a rockc fome fourefcoje pares from tljc maine lano, inljctc* 
 pompeys piiiar. toponflanoetb a tohitc marbk pillar calico Pompeys pillar , tlje ujauoli) toljereof toas 23 foote 
 longat nine of the clocke in the fojenoone t oueragainSit is a turret of fior.e bpon the matne lano 
 120 ficps high , hitting a great glade-lanthome in tlje teppe fcure partis in oiamiter ano t&jee in 
 IjetgthjiBitlj a great copper pan in themiofltoholDeoile, uiitlj ttuentp lights in it, anoitferuet^ 
 togittepalfageintotljis flratgbt in tlje ntgljt to fuchftjips as come from all parts of thofefeag ta 
 
 Conftancmople : it iSCOllttnuallpkept bpa ?>urke, tuhOtO p entihatb pap Of tlje grand Signior. 
 
 9nDt!jushauingfpcntclfuntnionethsinConftantinople, acfonipanieotoitljachaufc,^catp* 
 ingcertaine manoates from the grand Signior to the Bafla of Aleppo fo? the kinoe bfageof out 
 nation in tljafcparts.ilje 30 of Jttlp 3! too&epaffagein a 'Eurfeiujcarmofaleorujippebotiimfo? 
 SidonjanDpaffingtijorotoPropotis^jaHingSalimbriatoitljHcracliamoflplea&ntlpfituatetion 
 tlje tight banc, ano Proconefus nolo calico Marmora on tljc left, tte came to Gallipoly^ anofo 
 bp Hellefponc, bcttoecne tlje ttoo cades before nameo calleo Seftos ano Abydos,famous fo? the 
 paffages mane there both bp Xerxes ano great Alexander jthe one into Thraciaj the other into A- 
 
 fia,anOfobp tlje SigeanPromontory^oiucalletl Cape Ianitza'iy,at the mouth Of Hellefpontbp» 
 
 on Afiafiof, tohcrcTroyttcoo, tDherearepetrtttnesofolociDaUesto befeeene, nu'th ttoo bibs 
 %ifinginapiramJDal!forme,notbnltl<elp to be tljetombsof Achilles ano Aiax. jFrom thence toe 
 failco along, Ijauing Tcuedos ano Lcmnos on the right hatio , a no the 3Croian fielbson the left : 
 at length toe came to Mitylen ano Sio longtime inhabiteo bp tlje Genouefcs , but noto bnoer the 
 ■Surke, 'Elje Slanois beautifieD uiitlj gooolp builoings anoplcafantgaroens, anoabounOetft 
 toitb fruity, toine, ano the gum malf ithe, jfrom thence failing alongfl tlje gulfe of Ephefns toitbj 
 Nicaria on tljc right Ijano.Samos ano Smirnaon the left.toe came to Patmos,tohere S.Iohn tojote 
 tljcReuelation. •Cbejlanotsbutfmall, not abouefiuc miles in compafle : tlje cljiefe thing it 
 pccloeth is ccjn : it Ijatb a po?t fo? ujipping,ano in it is a monaGerp of iS?eekifij Caloieros. jfrorti 
 thence bp Cos (noui calleo Lango) toijere Hipocrates to«s bo?ne: $ paffing manpotljcr Jlanotf 
 ano rocks, toe atciueo at Rhodes.one of tlje firongefl ano fatrell cities ofthc Call : here toe flap* 
 eo th?eeo? foure oaves ; ano bp rearon of a By tohich toent in the fijip to Paphos in Cyprus, tofco 
 DfcometoithaHKiuDiieire, 31 toent about tlje citp, ano toohe tljeyictoofalhtobicbcitpisflill 
 tottlj all t'je Ijottfes f.no toalles thereof maintaineo in tlje fame o?oer as tfjep tooke it from the 
 Rhodian knights, ©uer the oooics of manjj of tlje ljottfes,tol;ich be tfronglp built of flone,oo re* 
 
 matne 
 
 GalHpoly, 
 
 Ttoy, 
 
 z:<n 
 
 Patmos. 
 
 Cos. 
 Rhodes. 
 
M,%ichWrag. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 509 
 
 niaine bnoefaceo, cbe armes of England, France, Spainc, ano manp other Cbnllian hmgbts, as 
 though the burkes in the bieto thereof glojicu in the taking of all <£b?iffenoome , tobofe amies 
 there thep beboloe, JFrom thence toe faileo to Paphos an oloe ruinous totone Qancsngbpon the 
 Satcflewe part of Cyprus, tobere S.Paul in the Acls conuerteo tlje goucrnoj. Departing hence, 
 toe came to Sidon,bp the Curks cades Saycofa, toitbja tenne oj ttoelue miles of tlje place Inhere sidon. 
 Tims ffooo, tohicb noto being eaten in up the fea, is, as Ezekiel pjophelteo, a place fo? the fp?cao^ Exckil(S J# 
 ing out of a net. Sidon is Gtuateo in a fmall bap at the foot of mount Libanus, upon the fine of an 
 bill lookiitcc to tlje jftojtb : it is toalleo about,totth a cattle ntgb to the fea.anc one totoaro the lano 
 toljicb is rtiinateo , but the toalle thereof if anoetb, Siome Ijalfe mile up totoaro the mountame 
 be certaine mines of builoings, toitb marble pillars, remaining : beerefo? tb?ee capes toe toere 
 feinolp entertatneo of the captaine of the cattle : ano in a fmall batke toe failcb from hence along 
 the ftjo?e to Tripoli, j Co to Alexandretca.tobere the 24 of Sluguft toe arriueo, 0am thence toitb 
 a Venetian carauan toe toentbplamrto Aleppo, paffingbp Antioch , tobicbts feateo upon the Anriocb 
 fioe of an hill , tobofe toalles ftill liana toich 360 turrets bpon them, ano neere a berp great 
 piaine toljich beareth the name of tlje citp,tho?oto toljich runneth theriuer Orontes.in Scripture 
 callenFarfar. jn Aleppo3ttapeouncill.Jfcb?uarpfoIlotoing; intbiscitp, asatamart, mecte Mt w°- 
 manp nations out of Alia toitb the people of Europe, batting continuall traffike anb interchange- 
 able courfeofmarchanbire one toitlj another: tljeftateano trace of tohicbplace, brcaufeitisfo 
 toell knotocn to mott of our nation, 3 cmittc to to jite of, %lje 27 of Jf ebjuarp 31 Drparteb frcm 
 Aleppo, anctbefifthof Sparcbtmbarkeompfelfeat Alexandres in a great lbip of Venice cal- 
 leDtije NanaFerra,tO comefo? England. %X)Z i4toepuCintoSalinoin Cyprus, tohcre tlje fbia 
 
 ffaping mnnp bapes to lace cotton toooll auc other commobities, in the meane time accompanieo 
 toith Sp. William Barret inp countrep man, tlje mafter of the fbip a <Z5jeeke, anc others, toe tookc , 
 occafiontofeeNicofia,tDechiefecirpofthis31lanD,tohtchtoasfomettoentpmtlesfrothisplace, **' 6 ° ra - 
 tohicbis Gtuateo at the footofanhill rto thelitis a great plaine, errenoing it felfeinagrcat 
 lengtbfromthe $o?tb to the ^Qutbnustoalleo about, butofnofuchflrengebas Famaguda 
 (anotbercitpintbisSIlanoneeretbe^eaGoe) tobofe toanesarecutoutoftbemainerorke. 3In 
 this citp be manp fumptuousann gooolp butibings of ftone , but bninbabiten ; the caufe tohcreof 
 botbgiue me iuft occaGontofbetopouofararetuogementof ©00 open the otouers fomettmeof 
 tbefeboufes, asatoascreDiblpinfojmeobpaCipriocamarcham of goon toealtb in this citp, 
 "Before it came in fu'otection to the ^urfes, tohile it toas bnber the Venetians , there toere manp umi ttSS ' 
 barons anb noblemen of the Cipriots , tobo parti? bp bfttrping mo je fupcriontp otter the com-- Jjp°» m no. 
 monpeopletben thep ought, ano partlp chough their great reuemiestobicbpccrclpcameinbp p!Si nn, ° Cy * 
 their cctcon toooll anb toines , greto fo infolent ano ytouo , anb toithall fo imptouffp toickco , as 
 that thep tooulb at their pleautrerommano both the toiues anb Chilean of their poo j e tenants to 
 feme their bncleane lufts,^ haloing them in fuel) flauerp as though thep bao oeene no better then 
 bogges , toouln toage them againff agrapbounc oj fpaniell , ano he toho tooon the toager fljonlo 
 cucr after boloe them as his proper goons anc chattels, to 00 toith them as he Iiften,being Cbntti 5 
 ans aftoell as themfelues, if thepmap neferue fo goon a name, 21s thepuebauen themfclucs mod 
 toub jiffianlptotonrn their bjctbjen, fo ano much mo?ebngoolp (tohicb afljoulobaiicputintbe 
 firtt place) bib thep totoaros<fi5on; fo?as though thep toere too great,ffanoing on foot o? kneeling 
 toferuetfSoo, thep tooulo come rioing on bojfebackeinco the church to beare their maffe : tohtclj 
 chtwch noto is mace apublike bafiftane 0? market placefo? the burkes to fell commobities in; 
 but bebolce theiuogementof the righteous >Sob , toho papecb the finnermeafttrefojmeafurr, 
 ^Dhe burkes the peere before the ouertbjotoegiuen them at Lepantobp Don lohntooke Cy- 
 prus, l &hcfemigbtpji3imroos flee fbme into holes? feme intomounjtaines to hice themfelues; 
 tobereuponthe'Curkes mabegenerall proclamation, that if tljcp tooulo all come in anopeelo 
 themfelues, thep toouln reffo?e them to theirfojmer reuenuesanbbignities jtobo not miKruff= 
 ingthemifchieuouspjetenfeofthe burkes , affembleo together to make themfclucs knotoen; 
 Inborn after the Curkes bab in polfefn'on, thep (as the JLojos erecutioners) put them toith 
 their toiues anc cl)ilb?en all to the ftoojn, pjetenoingtberebp to cut off all future rebellion, fo 
 that at tljis bapisnotone of the noble race knotoenaliuein the Jlano, oneIpttooojth?eere» 
 mame in Venice but oflitlctoealth.tohich in the time of the toarresefcapclu aftettoeban8ap- 
 tb in this Jilanc fome thirtp capes , toe fet faile in the fojefapn ujippe being about tlje burthen of 
 900 tunncs, baiting in her paffingers of niuers nations.as Tartars, perfians, Jetoes, ano fun* 
 o?p Chjittians.Slmdngft all tobich 3 hao often conference toith a 3leto, toho bp reafon of his ma* 
 uppcerescnucation atSafet a place in Iudea neere Ierufalem, toberetbepflucptbcRabbines 
 toith fome other arts as thep tbinke gooo , as alfo fo? his trauels into Perfia anc Ormus , he fee* 
 men to be of gooo experience in matters ab?oan , toho relateb bnto me fucfj conferenr e as he lao 
 
 toitfe 
 
3io The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, MSfiicklVrag, 
 
 toitb a Bamanc at Ormus , being one pft^C Indians inbabiting tfje countrep of Cambaia. ^Ijt3 
 .Tntriaits ffcfl. Baniane being a Gentile baoCkill in &ttronomie, as manp of tljat nation ljaue, toljo bp W books 
 Son!?. to?ttten in bis otone tongue anD Characters, coulo tell tbe time of €clipfcs botb of ssunne ano 
 
 a^oonctoitb tbe Cljange ano full, ano bp iuDgcmcnt in aitrologie gaue anftoere to anp quetti* 
 on DemanotD»15e!ng aCkeo concerning Ijisopinion in religion,tobnt lje cljougtjt of (Bobi lj)e maoe 
 anftoere, tbat tljep tjelo no otber goo but tlje fun, (to tobictj planet tljep p?ap botlj at tlje riling ana 
 letting) as SBljaue feene funo?p Doe in Aleppo : bis reafon mas D?atocn from tbe effects tobtcb it 
 too?ketb in giuing Ugbt to tbe moone $ otl;er ftatres,ano caufing nil tljtngs to groto aim encreafc 
 upon tbe eartlj j anftoere toas mane, tbat it did mooue toitb tbe reQ. as tlje toljceles of a clockc, 
 anDtberefo?eofro?cemttfl baue a moouer. LiketoifeintljcCcltpfe being ontkeneD it is mani= 
 fefflp p?ooueo tljat it is not goo, fo? ©on is altogetljcrgooonelTe ano bjigbtneffe, toljicb can net* 
 tljerbeDarkeneono? receiuc Detriment o?burt: but tlje gmnreceiuctlj botb in tbe Cciipfr,as it 
 is apparant : to toljiclj bee couto not anftoere ; but fo tljep ban receiueD from tbf ir anceffo?s, tbat 
 it toas toitbout beginning o ? enoe, asinanp2D?bicularo?rotmo boopneitljcr beginning o? enti 
 coulo be fauua, ijpeuketoife fapo, tljat tbere toere otber (Semites in p 5 Indies tobiclj too?fl;ip tbe 
 moone as cljiefe ,ano tbeit reafon is, %M moone toben (be rifeclj goetb toitb tljoufanos of Batrest 
 accompanieb like a king, ano tljerefo?e is cljiefe : but tbe gmnnegoeclj alone, ano t|)ercfo?c not fo 
 great. 3gain(t tobom tbe Banianes rcafon,tbat it isnot true, becaufc tlje S^oone ano Carres rc-= 
 ceiue tljeir ligbt from tbe &>unne,neitbcr ootljtbe <sg)unneboucljfafe tbcmb& companp but toben 
 be litt, ano ttjerefoje like a migljtp P?ince goetlj alone, pet tljep acknotolebge tbe SISoone as 
 ©ueeuco^icerop, iatotbepbolo none, but onelp feuenp?ecepts toljiclj tljep fap toere gitien 
 «8ef£iicnp!t» tbem from tbeii\fatljerNoe,notknotoing Abraham o? anp otljer, tfittt.eo bono? fatljer ano mo» 
 tepw of B*ni. t ^ . fgco^ip^ not t0 Qeale ; tbirDlp, not to commit aoulterp ; fourtlilp, not to killanp tljing Ii* 
 tiing ; ftftlp,not to cateanp tljingliutng ; firtlp.not to cut tljeir Ijairc ; fciicntblp.to go barefoot in 
 tbeir cljurcljcs. ^.Ijcfe tbep Ijolo mod firtctlp, 9 bp no meanee toill b?eafcc tljcm : but be tbat b?ea« 
 feetb one ispunifljeDtoitbttocntpfttipes : but fo? tbe grca.tcttfault tbep toill ktll none,neitberbp 
 a fljo?t ocatb no? a long* onelp be is kep t fome time in p?tfon toitb bcrp Itttlc meat, ano batbat tbe 
 mofl not aboue ttoentp 0? flue f ttoentp ffripes. 3in tlje pere t^cp baue 1 6 fcafl?, ano ttjen tbep go 
 to tljeir cbtircb, toljere ispicturco m a b?oao table tbe feuUj as toe safe to paint tt, tlje face of a man 
 toitb beames rouno about.not bauing anp tljing els in it. 9t tljeir featt tljep fpot tljeir faces in at* 
 ucrs parts toitb faffron all pclloto, ano fo toalhe bp ano cotone tlje Greets ; ano tljig tljep Doe as a 
 cuttomc* ^Lbep bolD,tbcte fijalbe a reftirrcction,anD all fljall conic to iuDgcmcnt,but tbe account 
 fljalbe moft fireigbt,iufomucb tljat but one of 1 0000 ftjalbe receiura to faun?,ano tljofe ujall liue 
 agatne in tljis tuo>HD in great bappinefle : tlje reli fbnibe tojmcnteo, 3no becaufe tbep toil! efcape 
 tljts itiDgeuient , toben anp man Dictb.be ann Ijis toife be botlj burnt togetljer eucn to afljes , ano 
 tbentljcparetbjotoenintoariuer, anoCoDifperfeDaStbougb tbep Ijaoneuer bene, 31ftbetoife 
 toill not burne toitb bet Deaobufbano > ujeeis[joloeneuerafterasatoljo?e t auDbptbismeanes 
 tljep bope to cfcape tlje iuogemeut to come. 9s fo? tbe foule 3 tljat goetlj to tlje place from tobente 
 it came,buttobere tbeplate is tljep knoto not.^ljat tbe bonp (fjoulD not be maue agatnctljep rea= 
 ton \o tbe pljplofopljers,fnping,tljat of notbwig notbiag can be maDc(not knotting tbat (SojemaDC 
 ttjc tobole too?lo ano tljeir goo tbe £>un of notbing) but bebolDing tlje coutfe of nature , flat no- 
 tljing is maoe but bp a meanes,as bp tlje feeo of a man is maoe anotljcr ,anD bp co?ne call into tbe 
 grounD tljere commetlj bp neto co?ne : fo, fap tbcp,man cannot be maDe erceptfome partof bint 
 be left, ano rijerefoje tbep bttrne tlje tobole : fojifbe toere burieD in tlje eartb, tljep fap tbere is a 
 fmall bone in tlje necketobicb tooulD neuer be confumeo : 0? if be toere eaten bp a beafl,tljatbone 
 tooulo not confume, but of tljat bone tooulo come anotber man ; anD tben tlje foule being refeo?eti 
 againe, be fljoulo come into iuDgement.toljereasnoto^bebotipbeingDearopcc^ljefouleuj^lnDt 
 be iubgcD t fo? tljeir opmion is,tljat botlj boop anD foule mutt be bntteb togetber,as tbep baue Cn^ 
 neo togetljer, to re ceiue iuDgementi anotberfojetbefoulealonc cannot, tljeir feuenp?ecept£J 
 toljicb tbepkeepe fo Qrictlp are not fo? anp Ijope of retoaro tljep batteaftcr tbis life,but onelp tljat 
 tbep map be blctTeo tu tljis toojlo, fo? tbep tbmkc tbat be toljicb b?eaketlj tbem fljall baue ill fuc* 
 ceffe in alibis btifmclfe. 
 
 -Sljep fap, tbe tb?ee cfjiefc religions in tlje too?lD be of tbe Clj?ittians, Vetoes, | ^urks,flf pet 
 but one of tbem true : but being m Doubt tobidj is tlje trucfc of tbe tlj?ee,tbep toill be of none : fo ? 
 tljep bolf tljat all tljefe tlj?ee fljall be ittogcD, anD but feto of tljem tobiebbe of tlje true fljall be fa« 
 ucd, tljeetaminationfljanbeuiflcaigljt : anDtberefo?e, as31!jaucfapDbcfo?c, top?euenttbis 
 iuDgcment, tljep burnetbeir booies to afljes. 'SDbep fap.tbcfe tlj?ee religions baue too manp p?e* * 
 cepts to feeepe tljem all toeI,?tberfo?e toonDcrful baro it toil be to make account,becaufe fo feto 
 Doe o'uferue all tbeit religion arigfjt. 9nD tbus paflingtlje t imc fo? tbe fpace of tbjee monetljs in 
 
 tljis 
 
The Sultanas letter. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 3U 
 
 tbis fea bopacje , mc arriuco at Venice tlje tenth of June J ano after 31 IjaD feene Padua , toitlj o» 
 tyectSngltQjmen^catuctbeojDtnarptoapouertfjeAIpes^pAuguttajNorembergjaniifofij 
 England ,• inhere to tlje praile of ©oO-S Tafelp arriueo the ninth of augtift 1595, 
 
 > A Tetter written by the moft high and mighty EmprefTe the 
 wife of the Grand Signior £«//<*# Mitr&dCtw to thcQueenes 
 Maiclty oiEngland, in the yeere ofour Lord, , 
 » 5 J>4« 
 
 S Lprincipio del ragionamento noUrofia fcritttiraperfettaneUe quatroparte del 
 mondo, in home di quello che ha creato indifferentement'e tante infinite creatu- 
 re , cbe non baueuano animtt niperfona , &di quello che fagirar gli none cieli, 
 jv£ ($i che la terra fetievottc vnafopra f altrafafirmar; Signer & Re fenz,avi- 
 cere, $• che non ha comparacion allafua cr eat tone ne opera, & vnofenz.apre-' 
 cio, adorato incom^arabtlmente , Valtifftmo "Dio cr eat ore ; che non hzfimtlnu- 
 i 1 dine ,Jl come edefcrtto dalli propheti : a/a cm grandef/h nonjiarriue ; & alia 
 perfettione fita compiuta honfioppone , & quelomnipotentecreatore-&cooperatore; allagrandeffit 
 del quale inchinano tutli It propheti ;fra quali il maggior & che ha ottenuto gracia^horto delparadu 
 fa, ragi dalfole, amato delaltijftmo Dio e Mahomet Muflaffa, alqual&fuoi adherenti & imit'ato- 
 rifiaperpetuapace : alia cuifepultura odor if era ft fa ogni honor e. Quello chee imperator de fette cli- 
 mati, & delle quatro parti del mondo, inuincibile Re di Gr&c'ta, Agiamia, Vngeria, Tart aria, Va* 
 lachia, Roffia, Turcbia, Arabia, Bagdet, Caramania, Abefiis, Giouafir, Sirnan, Barbarta, Algie- 
 yi,FranchiajCorttacia, Belgrade, &c. fempre feliciffimo,& de dodeci zAuoli poffeffor delta corona, 
 & dellaflirpe di tAdam, fin bora Imperator, figliolo del' Imperatore., confer udto de la diutnaproui- 
 denza, Rediogm digriiiaefr honore,Sultan (Jfrlurat,cbe IlStgnor Dio fempre augment i le foe for z- 
 z,e, &padre dt quello a cm ajpettala corona imperiale, horh (fr cypreffo mirabile, degno de'.la fedi'a 
 regale, & vsro herede del comando imperiale,digniJfimo Mehemet (fan,fil;olde Sultan Mm at Can, 
 che dio compifca Itfuot diffegni, & altmga hfuoigiormfelici : Dalla parte delta madre del qual fife ri- 
 ve laprefente alia ftreniffima frgloriofiffimafra le prudentiffime Donne, & eletta ft a li triomfanii 
 fotto ilflandardo dt lefu Chriflo , potentifftma & ricchijfimaregitrice,& al mondo fingulariffim afrit 
 'iifeminil fejfo , Ufereniffimtt Regina d' Ingilterra , cbe fegtte le veftigie de Maria virgine , ilfin'e 
 dHla quale Jia con bene ^-perfettione fecondo il fuo defiderio. Le mando t/nafalut acton dipacejeofi 
 honorata, chenonbafiatutta la copiadirofigholi con le loromufiche ariuare, non che con quefta car- 
 ta : r amore fingulare che e conciputo fra noi , efimile a vn hortodiVccellivagi; che ilSignor 
 'Dio la fact degna di faluacione , & tl fine fuo fix tale , cbe in qtieflo mondo & nePfuturoJi.1 con pace. 
 Doppo comparfili fuot htmorati vrefenti da lafedta de la Serenita vof/ra , fipera cbefono capitati in 
 ■una bora cbe ognipumoelhtto vna confoLiiion di lungo tempo } per occajione del Ambaffadoredi vo- 
 firaferenitavenutoallafehceportadellmperatore, contantonoflro contento, quanta fipoffo de fide - 
 rare, & con quello vnaktteradtvoflraferenetd , cbeci efiata prefentatadalhnoUri Eunuchi con 
 gran honor e ; Li carta de la quale odoraua di camfora & ambracano, tjr fincbioflro di mufco perfet- 
 to, $• quellaperuenuta in noflro mano tutta la contmenz.a di effa apart e a parte ho afcoltato in tent a- 
 mente. Quello che horajiconuiene e,che correjpondente a/la nofira affectone,in tutto qulllo cbefia- 
 Ppetta alle cofe attenente alhpaeft che fono fotto il command? di vottraferenita, ki nonmanchidt 
 fempre tenermi, data noticia,che in tutto quello cbe li occorerd, Iopofficompiacerla ; de quello che fra 
 le noftreferenitd e conueniente , accioche quelle cofe chefi interprenderano, habino il defiderc.to tuon 
 fine ; percbe Io faro fempre ricordeuole alaltiffimo Imperatore delle occorenzedi voftraferenita, per 
 che fnlin ogni occafione compiaciuta. Lapace fia con voftra ferenita,& con quelli cbe fegmtano dre- 
 tamentc lavia dt'Dto. Scrittaallprimi delllunadi Rabie Liuol, anno del ' prof eta 1002, Q-dilefu 
 1S94* 
 
 The fame in Englifn. 
 
 LCtt&cbcgumingofouttiifcourfcIieapErfcctto^tingtnthefourcyartsofttjClro^D.tntbe 
 namcof rjimtnbscb Uatrj moiffercntlp creatct) fuel; infinite numbers of creatines, teljicl) ijau 
 neither fcule noj lioop , ano of ijtm tuljicb moouet!) tlje nine (jeawens , ano ttabltlljcti) tbe carclj fe- 
 uen times one auoue another , tajjicljfe Io?t> ano fcingtoittictit anp ocyutp , talio Ijatli no compa-- 
 rtfon to Ijts creation ano toioifee, ano is one ineflimable, inojujippcDttitbcttt all companion, the 
 irtaJtljiglj(Soo,tl)ccrcato?,tol)tcljl)atl)notl)m3lifeevntol)im, acco?tiino;as!;eisticfcribcsbpt!;e 
 p?opliets , to ttliofc potoer no man can attc-.ine , arm tobofe abfolute perf ccuoitiio man map ccn-- 
 twll -, aim tljat omnipotent crcacour ano feiloto-luojhcr, to luljofe sp aicftp all tlje ]§ jouljcts fub= 
 
 mis 
 
sisottKr to Mc- 
 hcmei toflicj) 
 now rctgrictt) 
 as'Cmpccoi. 
 
 Tpi The English Voyages^Nauigations, The Sultanas letter* 
 
 mitiljcmfeluegjamongvoljomtbegreatea.anDiBbicHntliiibtaincDSwatEftfattoutjt^egatiien 
 
 of Paradife.tbebeameoftlje&unne, tljC bCloitCD of tl;c mcff tjtgf) ©OB IS Mahomet Muftafta, to 
 
 tobom ano to Ijis aoberents ano follower? be perpetual! pare , to tobofe fragrant fcptilture all 
 Ijoacur is perfo?meo» i?e toljielj is rmperourof cljefetifn cltuiats ano oftrjc foureyatts of ttje 
 toOJlO,tbeinuinciblehragofGr*cia,Agiamh, HmigaHasTartariajYaJachiajRofliajTurchia, 
 Arabia, Bagdet, Caramania, Abeflis,Giouafir, Siruan, Barbaria, Alger, Francbia^Coruacia, 
 Belgrade, &c. nltoapes moll Ijappp, ano poffeffour of tlje crotone from ttoewe of bfeantellouKS ; 
 ana of tlje feco of Adam, at tljis pjefent empejour, tlje tonne of an rmpetour, pjcfcrueo bp tbeoi* 
 utnc pjtcuioence, a king toco jtbp of all glojpano bonour , Sultan Murad, tobofe fojees t&e Lojo 
 ©co altoapes increafe, ano fatljcr of Ijim to toljom tlje imperial! croton c is to ocfccuo , tlje para« 
 wfe ano tooonoerfull tall eppjefle, toojtljp of cbe ropall tbjume, ano true bcire of tbe impcriall au« 
 tbojitp, uiolliuoojtbpMchemctCan, tbe fonne of Sultan Murad Can, tobofe cnterpjifes (Sob 
 Doucljfafeto accompii&j , ano to prolong bis Ijapppo apes : on tlje bcbalfe of tobofe mo tljertbts 
 pjefent letter is tojitten to tlje mod gracious ano mod glorious , tlje toiled among toomtn , ano 
 tljofcn among tljoletobicb triumpb tower tbe danoarooflefusChrift, tlje mod migljtp ano moB 
 riclj gouernour , ano mod rare among toomanfetnoc in tlje to ojlo, tlje moll gracious JQucene of 
 England, toljicljfolloto tbe fleps of tlje oirginc Mary , tobofe cno be pjofperour aiujperfect,ac* 
 coding to pour Ijearts oeCre. 31 feno pout SJSjaicffpfo bono jable ano fwect a faiutattonof peace, 
 tbat al tlje flo eke of jfttgbiingales toitlj tbeir meloop cannot attatne to f like, mucb IcfDe tbis fim* 
 pie letter of mine, %\)t Ongular loue toljielj toe batte conceiueo one totoato tlje otljer is like to si 
 garo en of pleafant biros : ano tlje Lo?o ©ooooucljfafe to faue ano Iteepe pott, ano feno pour «© a« 
 iedpanbappp enobotbtntbistoojloanointbe toojloeoconic. after tljcarriuall of pourbonou* 
 rable patents from tlje Court of pour S£)ateflp , pour CpigljnefTc (ball jjnoerflano tbat tljcp came 
 in fuclj a fcafon tbat cuerp minute mmidrco occafion of long cafolatton bp reafon of tlje comming 
 of pour Cpaieftics ambaflaoour to tlje triumpbant Court of tr)e Cmperour , to our fo great con- 
 tentment astoe cottlo pofliblptotflj, tobo bjougbt a letter from pour Spaieflp , toljielj toitb great 
 bonour toaspiefcnteo tottoOs bpoureunufes, tlje paper toljercof oio fmclimodfragrantlpof 
 camfo? ano ambargriefe , ano tlje inckeof perfect muf he ; tlje contents tobereof toe &aue beam 
 toerpattentiuelp from point to point, 31 tbtnkeittbcrefojeerpeoient, tljat, acro?ofogtoourmu* 
 tuall affection , in anp tbtng toljat foctier map concerne tlje coun treps toljielj are fubiect to pouc 
 Spjaieftp, 31 neuer faiie,bauing information gtueu \jnt o me,tn toljat foeuer occafion (ball be mints 
 flrcD ,to gratific pour £© aicdp to mp potoer in anp reafonable ano comiement mat t er,tbat all 
 four fubtects bufinclfes ano affaires map Ijauc atoiftjcO ano Ijappp eno« fo?3l toill 
 altoapes be afollicitour to tlje mod migljtp Cmperour fo? pour spaieBies af* 
 aires, tbat pour SJNeffp at all times map be fuilpfatiffico, l^eace 
 be to pour Spaicffp, ano to all fuclj as foiloto r igljtfg tlje 
 
 map of <Soo, Written tlje firfi oap of t&e. . 
 
 §Poone of Rabie Liuol in tb5 \ 
 
 r . „ . seveoftbelPjopljet, 
 
 A»».Vom, lQQU 
 
J\dacbam. \ Traffiques 3 andDifcoueries. 
 
 I 
 
 
 THE SECOND PART OFT HIS 
 
 Second volurne containing the princi pall Nauigations, 
 Voya^eSjTraffiqueSj and Difcoueries of theEnglifh nation,made 
 to the South and Southeaft quarters of the world without the Straights of 
 Gibraltar, namely to the Hands of Madera , and of the Canaries , to the kingdome of 
 "Barbaric, xointWzsoi Capo Verde, totheriuer oi Senega, x.o'CnzcoziloCGbinca 
 ' and TSenin, about the capeofTtibnaEJperAvfa , and Co to Goa in the East 
 Indies, and likewile beyond cape Comari to the Ilesof Ntcub<ir i 
 ioSwi:atra,to thVchanelIofS/»<r<?/>»raoueragainft ■ - 
 • '_ the cicy ofUttalacca, and to di- - 
 
 uers other places. 
 
 The voyage of Macham an Englifh man, wherein he firfl: of any 
 mandifcouered the Hand of Madera , recorded verbatim in the Portugall ht- 
 flory, written by sAntonio Galliano. 
 
 $5 the peerc 1344, Ring Pcterthefourtlj of thacnamc mgnmgin 
 
 Aragon, the Chronicles of fji0 age tojtte that about this time the 31 s Madera fird wo 
 
 lanoof Madera, Canning in 32 Degrees, toasoifcouercobpauCng* Ma'chaman "* 
 
 liflj man, tuhidj bias nameD Macham, MjO failing OUt Of England nfe Cngliltinan. 
 
 toSpaine, umljatoomantljatheljaD (Solicit , acriuco hptciiijKflui 
 tljat 31Ian0j ana oifl cattanta in tljat Ijaueno? bap, iut)tci) t7olu ts cal= 
 leu Machico after the name of Macham. SttD bccatifc his Jotter toas 
 fea-ficlte, Ije ment on lano tuitlj fome of his company , aha the ftjippe 
 ttittrj a gooo totnoe maoe CaiJc atoap , ano the tiJoman oieo fo j thought, Marfiam mutt 
 Macham, luljicu toucoijcmarelp,bmlracfjapell, ojjljcrmttage, toburpljcrin, calling irtptlje """^g^j 
 name of Iefus, ano caufeo his name aooljersto be tojitten o j grauen bpon rfje Cone ofljer tombr , tiwvi. 
 anotljeoccafiotiof tljeiratrittall there, SnBafterbJarorjc ojon'neo a boat maoe of one tree (foj 
 there be trees of a great compaffe about) ano tocnt to fea in it, fcit'tb thofe men tljat be hao, ana 
 lucre left behinoe imtlj hint , ano came upon the coaC of Afrike , tuttljotit faile o? oare, 3no tijc 
 ST^GOjcs torjiclj fato it tookeittobeamaruellous thing, ano pjefenteo him bnro the king of that 
 countrep fo? a iooonoec , ano tljat UCiig alfo fent fjim ana Ijis companions fo j a miracle onto the 
 feingofCaftile. 
 
 31n the peerc 13 95, Hing Henry tlje tljiro of tljat name reigning in Caflile, tijc infojmatt* 
 on ta'jidj Macham gatte of tijis3llano, ano alfo tlje (hip of bis companp,moottco manp of France 
 ana Cafhle to go ano otfeouer it.ano alfo tlje great Canada, ft* 
 
 31" tijc pecre 14 1 7, ISing Iohn tijc fecono reigning in Caflile , ano his mother Hasp Kathe- 
 rine being Regent, Olte MonfieurRuben of Bracamontjluljicljli'asSomirnllof France, CC* 
 wanting tlje crnqueG of tlje 3iauos of tlje Canaries, toieb tlje title of filing, fo? a Sirtfmati of bis 
 nameo Monfieurlohn Betancourt, after that the Eltieenchaoguicnhimtijcm, anoljolpcnlnm, 
 ije ocjjartco from Siuil vuitb a good atmp, 3no tljcpaffirtitc alfo , tljat tijc piincipall caufc fc;ljicl) 
 
 motlCD hjmtO tljis,toas to Cifcouci' the 3latt0 of Madera, tohiclj Macham IjaO fotmD, (JC, ibidem 
 pag.2,of Anthonio Galuano. 
 
 This note following, concerning the ayde and afliftance of the 
 
 EnglifhMarchants, giuen to King Iohn thefirft ot?ortugali,£ox the winning 
 
 ot Ceuta in Barbarie,wh\ch was the firlt occafion of all the Portugali dilcoucries,is taken 
 
 out oCTbomat JValJingbam his Latine Chronicle. Anno 141?, 
 
 f^S^R^ 1 - anno I° annes primus Rex Portugallix fretus auxilio Mercatorum Anglix 
 
 yj ^MM li quam maxime^ Sc Alemannorum, vicit Agareno? in terra Regis Becinarinorum, 
 
 %\ '^il'll a rnu ' c ' seorum rmllibusadgenerumCererisdcftinatis : cepi'cque ciuitatemeorum 
 
 ^>9-^s5. quam ampliffimam fupra mare fitam, vocatam Ceut corum lingua, 
 
 Aaa Th? 
 
singe an tit 
 
 813! Potest. 
 
 <5Ifte firlt tatife 
 
 of this ambaf' 
 fage. 
 
 caiife. 
 
 She thttb 
 caufe. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, yo/w Tintam. 
 
 .=_=_=__ _jj __ 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 T$i$perelohnthefirffkingofPortugall,bcmgpnMtpafl^^ 
 Ufy^arcbantMM>3lmaineg,ouercamethe Sgtoojcti in the Dominion of hefting of Barba- 
 ry .putting manp thoutanDS of them to the taojD.ano he tooke ttjeit cttp tohjch. teas berp migljtp, 
 feateD upon tlje fea, toljtch t*t calleb Ceuta in tl;ctr language, 
 
 Confirmatio treugarum inter Regem AnglU Eiuarhmo^izxtnml 
 & loannem fecundum Regem ?ortugalli&, datarura in oppido montis Maioris 
 8 Februarij, Scs^udfVefimonaslerium 1 2 Septembris, 1482, anno regni 22 Regis Ed~ 
 ttardi quarti, lingua Lufitanica ex opere fequenti execrpta. 
 
 L ibro das obras de Garcia, de Refende, que tra&a da vida e feit6s del 
 
 Reydomlohimfecundo. 
 
 Embaixada que el Rey mandou a el Rey d' lnglaterra, cap. 3 f. 
 
 xc Daquide Monte Mor mandou el Reypor tmba'txadores a elrey dom'Duarte de 
 j lnglaterra Rtiyde Soufa peffoa principal e de muyto bonfaber e credito , de que el 
 Rey muyto confiaua, ebodoutor loam d' Etnas, e Fernamde Vina par fecret*rio, 
 IE foram for mar muy honradamente com muy boa companlua : bos quaes fit am 
 \en nome del Rey confirmar as Iigas antiquas com lnglaterra , quepolla coxdifan 
 "~LSn ^MdelLs honouo Rey debumreyno e do outro era obrigado a mandar confirmar : e 
 tambien fera moflrarem ho titolo que el rey tinba nofenborio de Cuinee , pera que depots de Viflc el 
 rey di ' lnglaterra defendejfe emtodos feturcyws ', que ninguen armaffenem podejft mandar a Gurnet i 
 e' affi mandajfe desfaz.er buna armada ,quepera taafaz.iam , per mandado do Duque de Medina Si- 
 dontajium loam Ttntam e'bum Guilberme Fabiam lngrefes. (fom ha qualembaixada elrey d' lng- 
 laterra moflroh receber grande contentamento, e'foydelle com mttyta honra reeebida, e'em tudofex, 
 inteiramente bo quepellos embatxadores Ibefoy requerido. Deque elles trouxeran \ autenticas efcri- 
 turas das diltgencias que conpubricospregonesfaeram : e affi as proui fines das aprouafones que cram 
 ttecejfarias : e com tudo muyto ben acabadc, i havontade delreyfevieram. 
 
 The AmbatTage which kinglet the fccond,king of Tortugallfent 
 to Edward the fourth king of England , which in part was to ftay one lohn 
 Ttntam, and one William Fabian Engliih men, from proceeding in a voyage which they 
 ■were preparing for Guinea, 148 1 , taken out ofthebookcofthe workesof Graciasde 
 'Refende, which intreateth of the life and acls of Don lohn the fecond, \dngo(Tortugall. 
 Chap.33. 
 
 J!3o aftettoarDg the king fent as SmbaffaDours from the totone of Monte 
 maior to king Edward the fourth of England , Ruyde Soufa, a principal! 
 perfon, ano a man of great urifcDome ano efffaiatton, ano in tohom the fang; 
 repofeD great trutt, urith Docto; lohn d'EIuas,ano Ferdinand de Pina, ag fe« 
 ' cretarf e. SlnD thepmaDe their Dopagebpfcaberp honourablp, being bcrp 
 i toell accompant'eD. 'Shefe men tocrc fent on the bebalfe of their King,to con- 
 SUMfirmerije ancient leagues: toith England , miicrcfn it tons conoitioneo that 
 the neto king of the one antj of the other kmgDome , ujoulu be bouno to fenb to confirme tlje oloe 
 lea gue?, 9no liftetoife tljep hao o^Der to (beto sntj make him acquaintetj toith tlje title tohiclj the 
 fttnghelDin tlje fegneurpofGinnee, to the intent tljat after the king of England haofecne the 
 fame ,hc (hottlo gitte cljarge tho?orjo all hfe l?ingrjome0,that no man fljoulo atme 1 fet foo?tb tbips 
 to Ginnee : ano alfoto requcO him, that it tooulopleafe him to gtue commanbementto oiffoltte 9 
 ccrtaine fleet, turjtclj one lohn Tintam ano one William Fabian, (JBngliuj men, toere making, bg 
 commanuement of the oufcc of Medina Sidonia , to goc to the afojefapo parts of Ginnee. 223it(j 
 Dahich ambaflage the feing of England fecmco to bebcrp toell pleafeo, an» thep mere rcceiuetj of 
 |)t:n ttitii ijerp great hcnour,antj he conoefcenseo Unto all that the ambaffanoiirs rcquireo of Ijim, 
 at toljnfe hanosJ thep rccetueo tuthtntt'call tojtttngs of the Diligence inhich tl;cp hao perfomiff, 
 toith publication thereof bp tlje beralos : ano alfo pjouifoes of thofe confirmations tobich tocre 
 neceffarp. anohauingrjifpatcljeDalltljingstoeU, atm toitfonje kings gooc lutU, tl;epvecurnt0 
 bonze tmctljeitccmurcp. 
 
c l radeto the Qanaries. Traffiques and Difconeries. 3 
 
 A briefe note concerning an ancient trade or the Englifh Mar-* 
 chants to the Canarie-ilands,gzt\\vce.& out of an olde ligier booke of M. Nico- 
 las Thome the elder a woifhipfuil marchant of the city oi'Bnftoli. 
 
 % appcareth euio.entlp out of a certainenote o? letter of remcmbjance , iiitheculto* 
 (Dp of me Richard Hakluyc, ilintten bp 30. Nicolas Thome the ClDCt ap^mctpall 
 marchantof Bnftoll,to his frientianDfactour Thomas Midnall aim btBOtoneferuant 
 William Ballard at that time refment at S.Lucarin Andaluzia; thac in tbcpeercof 
 our lorn i5z<5 (anobp all circumaances aim probabilities long before) ccrtaiue Englifh mar* ? ft a e ^ B ' (l ^ 
 chants , aim among; the tell himfclfe limb one Thomas Spacheford ererctfrn bfttall aim ominarp r" imd "lo't'tie 
 traoc of maicbanoife Unto tljc Canarie 3iatms» jfoj bp the fapD letter notice teas gitten to Tho- e«nari« ij:«. 
 mas Midnall anD William Ballard afo?efapDjtljatacertainen)tptaIlcD^()tChiiltopher of Ca- 
 dizbottnofo^fbeWdT Indies hao taken in certaine farnels of cloth both cottrfc aim fine, b?oatr 
 aim narrow of Diuers fo?ts aim colottrs/ome arouas of packthjeeo.lire cerons 0} bagges of fope 
 luith other gooDS of Sp. Nicolas Thome, tobc BeliUCteO at Santa Crirz the cbicfftoliine til Te- 
 nerifabne of the fctlCuCanary-ilands. 911 tobtch CoimnotiitieS tbc fapo Thomas aim William 
 lucre audio jtfeu bp the olimcr in tlje letter before mentioned to barter ij fell amap at Santa Cruz. 
 9na in iicu of fuel) monp as fboulD arife of the fale of tbofe gooos tbep toerr appointee to rcttirnc 
 backciiuo England gooDlfo?eof2Djcljell(uibicb is acertatnekiiwe of mofTcgrcujtna; upon high 
 rocks, in cbofe oapes mucbrjfeD to Die lnitball) fomc qttantitp ot'fugar, aim a Blaine bunc jeosoi* 
 fcio-f luimrg. jf } the p?ocuriugof which aim of other commoDities at the belt ana firtt baim the 
 fapo Thomas aim William mere to make tbciraboDc at Santa Cruz,aim to remaiiic there as fac* 
 tours foj the aboucfapD 9©. Nicolas Thome, 
 
 dim here alfo 31 thought gooo to figutfic , that in tlje Capo letters mention is maoc of one Tho- 
 mas Tifon an CngltQj man, tobobefojetbeftnefapo pere 1526 baDfotumtljetuaptothe Weft 
 Indies,ano teas there refioenr, unto whom the fapo Sp, Nicolas Thome fent certame armour. 
 anoothercommoDiticsCpeci6eDintheIett£rafo?efapD t 
 
 • v ••«*...■■ ■ ■ • ■ 
 
 A defcripticn of the fortunate Hands | otherwife called the Hands 
 of C 'anuria, with their ftrange fruits and commodities : compofed by Tbopiaf 
 Nicols EnglilTi man, who remained there the fpace oficuen yceres together. 
 
 3ne intent is particularlp to fpeakc Of the Canaria jlaims, tobitbarcfenen in 
 
 f number, wherein 31 oniclt tbc fpaccof fettenperes aim mo?e , be caul'e 3 tmce 
 
 "I fucb barietp tnfunfljp testers, aim^fpeciallp great untruths, in a booke calico 
 
 , Sbcjftenifouno tootle Sntarctikr, let out bp a .frenchman caller Andrew 
 
 (Thcuct, the Which his booke he DeoicateD to the Cnrimia!! of Sens, keeper of 
 
 > tbc great feale of France. 
 
 3c appcarcth bp the fapo booke chat bebaD reao the Wojks of from jp 13bplef phrrs, 9 ffrono= 
 
 mcrs, ana £ofmogcapbers, Whofcoptuions he gatbererj together, Tl5ut touching bis oWne tra« 
 
 ucll, Which he affirmed? , 3 refer to the judgement of the ejepert incur Dapes , ano therefore Fdf 
 
 mine oWne part 3 W?ite of trjcfe Canana 3IatiD3, as time Ijatb taught mc in manp pcrcs. 
 
 The Hand of Canaria. 
 
 Ttyt 3latm of Canaria is almotf cental inlengtb aim b?eDtl;,corttaining 1 2 leagues in length 
 touching the lnhtcbas p jincipall ano the rclbue,the ^panparfisholac opinion, that tljcp Dtf* 
 couerco thefameintheirnauigationtoujara America, but tlje pojtugalofap, that their nation 
 firftfoimo the fapu3lanDs in theitnauigationtolnartiActhiopia aim the Eait indies. 
 
 TSttt trutbit is that tlje ^panparos firQ conqucrco tfjcCe: 3lanos, mitt) oiuers ffinglifli crcnclc- <£«&$> Men 
 men in their companp, tobofepofleritp this p?cfent nap iniopeth them. Some tojitc that this 1.- ",JS{ o^"/, 01 " 
 lano boas named Canaria bp mcane of tlje number of Dogs tobich there mere fouim : as foj cram- canahs. 
 pie, Andrew Thcuecfaptl),tbatone luba carricD tuio oogsfrom tljence : but that opinion cotilo 3 
 ncuerlearncbpanpof rljenaturallpeopleofthecountrep, although 3 hauetaikeo uitttjmanp in 
 mptimc.ano toitlj manp of tljcir chilojen. jfo? trueth it is, that there tocrcuogs, but fucb as are 
 in all the jftojtlnucu" lanes , artD fome part of the Weft India, Ujbicb fcrtieo the people in Geao of 
 fijeepe fo^ictiwll. T&ut of fome of the conquerors of thofe 3!atms 3 banc beam fap that the rca- 
 fonlnhptbeprocrecallerj the Canaria 3lanos is, becaufetheregtolngcnerallpinthcniRllfatirc' 
 fquare canes in gxut multitude together, t»htchbcingtottcheotoillcaaoutaliquoiirastel.ute 
 
 Aaa z .&$ 
 
CiuitasPalma- 
 rum. 
 
 
 4. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Thomas JsQtols. 
 
 asmtlkc,U)btcb liquoj tsrankepoifon, ano at tljc 8cC entcp into tljcfc Jlanos fomeoftbeoifro* 
 uererstoeretberctoitbpoifoneD : fo?manppeeres after that conqiiefttlje inhabitants began to 
 plantbotlj urine ami fugar,fo tbat Canarjatoasnatfo calleo bp fugar canes. 
 
 %l)( people tobtclj firtt inbabiteo tljis lano mere calico Canaries bp tbe conquerpjs, tljep toere 
 clotljeo in goat flunnes maoe Iih#bnto a loofe caffocke, tbcp oinclt in caues in the tacks, in great 
 amitpanobjotberlploue, djepfpake all one language : tljeir cbiefefeeoing teas gelt Dogges, 
 goates, anti goates mtlkejtbeir b?eao fcaas maoe of barlepmcale ano goates milfee, calico Gofia, 
 toljicijtbeptofe at tljis Dap, anDtljereof31l)aue eaten Hitters times , to? it is accounted erceebmg 
 Ijolefome, 
 
 Coucbingtbeojt'gtnall of tbefe people fame boloe opinion.tbatr^e Unmans tofctcb Dtoclt in A- 
 frica erileo tbem tljitljer, afoellmenastoomen, tljeir tongues being cut out of tbe it beaos, fo? 
 blafpljempagainfttfjelRomanegoDs, 15utbottuoeucr it toere, tljeir language toast fpeciall, ano 
 not mireo lu'.tlj Komane fpeeclj 0? Arabian. 
 
 Cljts Slant" is noto tlje pjincipailcft of all tlje reff , not in fertilitp,but bp reafon it is tbe feat of 
 iuff tee ano goucrnment of ail tbe refioue. Clns aiano Ijatlj a fpeciall ©oucrnour fo? tbe Jlano 
 onelp, pet nottoitljftanDing tbere arc tb?ce 31uogcs calico 9ucitours, tobo are fuperiour Juoges, 
 ano all in one iopmlp pjoceeD as tbe Lo?o Cbancellcr of anp rcalme, 
 
 Co tins citp from all tljeotbet 3Ilanos come all fucb bp appeale, as Ijaue fuffaineo anp to?ong, 
 ano tbtfe gooo 3luoges bo rcmebp the fame, Clje cup is calico Ciuitas Palmarum.it batb a beau* 
 tifullCatbeo?allcbutcb, toitball Dignities tljetcuntoptrtaining* jfo? tbe publike toeale of tbe 
 3ilanotb«earefuno?p aioermenof great autbojitp, tuljobaueacouncellljoufe bptbemfclttes. 
 %l)e citp is not onelp beautiful! , but tbe citizens curious ano gallant in apparell. &no after anp 
 raine 0? foule tocatbec a man map goe cleane in Ueluet flippers, becaufe tbe grounb is fancp, tbe 
 aircberp temperate, toitljoutertrcame beat o?coloe, 
 
 Cbep reapc toljeat in jfebjuarp.ano agatne m S@ap,tobicb is ercelfent gooo.ano makctlj b?ean 
 as toljitc as fnoto.Cbis 3Hatib batb in it of Ijer tb?ee totones,tbe one calico Telde,tlje fecono Gal- 
 dcr.anDtbetbUBGuia. 3It Ijatfj alfo ttuelue fugar Ijoufcs calleo Ingenios , in toljiclj tl;ep mafte 
 great quantitp of gooo fugar., 
 Cbe maner of tbe grototb of fugar is in tbis fo?t , a gooo grouno gittctb. foojttj fruit nine times 
 a^'tf otptii of in i 8 pere : tbat is tofap.tbe firtt is calleo Planta,tolncb is lapo along in a f urroto, fo tbat tlje toa* 
 tcr of a fluce map come oner euerp roote being couerco toitb cartb : tljis toot bjingctlj foe?tb fun- 
 ojp canes , ano fo confequentlpall the rett. Jt grotoctb ttoo peeres before tbe peclomg of profit, 
 ano not fire monetbs, as Andre w Thcuej tbe tfrenclj man to?itetlj. 
 
 djen ace tljep cut euen toitb tbe grottRo, ano tbe tops frlcaucs calico Coholia cut off, ano tlje 
 canes bounD into bunoels like faggots, ano fo are carieO to tlje fugar bottfe calleD Ingenio, tobere 
 tbcp aregtotmoin amtil , ano tbeiupce tjtjejxof conuepco bp a conouct to a great beffcllmaoe foj 
 tbe purpofe, Habere it is boileo till it toare tbicke, ano tben is it put into a fojnnce of earthen pots 
 of tbe moloeof afupr loafe, anotbenis it cameoto anotljcrboufe, calleo a purging Ijoufetobere 
 it is placeo to purge tbe blackneffc luitb a cettaine clap tljat is lapo tbcrcon, ©f tlje remainDer in 
 tbe caulo^onis maoe a fecono fojt calico Efcumas , ano of tbe purging liquo? tljat D?oppetb from 
 tbe nibttefugar is maoe a tbiro fo?t,ano tbe remainDer in calleo Panela 0? Netas,tbc rcfufe of all 
 tlje purging is calleo Remiel 0} Malaffcs : ano thereof is maoe anotber fo?t calleo Refinado. 
 
 ffillben tljis firttfruit is in tljis fojt gatbereo, calleo Planta,tben tlje Cane-fielotuljf re it greui 
 is btttneo ouet uaitlj fugar fttaui to tlje Humps of tbe fitft canes.ano being Ijufbanoco, Uiatteoano 
 tttmmco, at tlje eno ofothcr ttoo pecres it peeloetij tbe fecono fruit calleo Zoca. Cljc tljito ftuit 
 is calleo TerriaZoca , tbcfouttb Quarta Zoca , ano fo ojoerlp tbe reft, til age caufetjjtbeoloe 
 Canes to be planteo agatne. 
 
 Cb'S 31lano Ijatb fingular gooo tmne.cfpeciallp in tlje totone of Telde,ano funojp fo?ts of gooo 
 fruits,as Batatas,gJ9ellons, pearcs, applcs,©?enges, limons.l^omgranats, jFigs,13eacbejf 
 ofoiuers fo?ts, ano manp otljer fruits ; but efpcciallp tljePlantano tnljicb gtbtoc tb neete b?oofee 
 Odcs , it is a tree tbat ba tlj no timber in it, but grotuetb Directlp bptoaro uiitb t^e boop , bauing 
 maruelotts tljicke leaues , ano cuerp leafe at tlje toppe of ttoo pares long ano almott balfe a parn 
 bjoao, Cbc wee ncucrpceloctlj fruit but once, anotljcniscutoottine; in iubofe place {pjingetfj 
 anotrjet, anofoflillcontinuetlj, djeftuitgrotoetbonabjancb, ano cuerp tree peeloetbttoooj 
 tb?ee of tbofe bjancljes,tDbicb beare fomc mo?e ano fome leffc, as fome fojtp ano fome tbtrtp.tbe 
 ftuit is like a Cucumber, ano fcifren it is ripe it is blacke, anoineattng mo?e Delicate tljcn anp 
 conferuc. 
 
 Cbts 31Iano is fuffictentlppjouiocDof ©retijiKine.Camels.iSoats^becpe^apons.^ens, 
 Ducks, ano ipiogcons, ano great |3artrioges. CCKooDistbetbmgtbatmoatoantctlj: anobe= 
 
 caufe 
 
 Cbe planting 
 
 fugar cance. 
 
 CM matting 
 ef fugar. 
 
 mint. 
 
 fUntano, 
 
Thomas 3\(jcols. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 
 
 caule 3 baue yarttcularlp to intreat oftye otbet fire 3il«m>s , 3J Icauc further m largtng of Cana- 
 m,unjicb Gannett; in 27 ocgrecsoulatttfi'om the equate?. 
 
 The He o£7herif. 
 
 ^r♦!pe 3Hano of Tenerifffanocth in 27 Degrees ano a ijalfe from tlje equato?,anb is buiant from 
 [ Canaria 1 2 leagues jaojtbboaro. ^bis 31lano coneainetlj 1 7 leagues in Icngt^cno tlje lano 
 lie tb Ijigh in fo?mc of a riogc of fatten lano in fouic part'of England J ano in tlje mijDtt of tije fapo 
 placeumtoccljarouno bill calleo Pico Detekhe , fituateo'tntljisfojt, ^Ije tcpof tbisptftccon= 
 teinetlj of heigtb oirectlp bptoaro 1 5 league? 5 mo?e,tobtclj is 4 5 Cngltib miIcs,out of the toljtcb. 
 often times p?oceeoetljfire ano ty'mfione, ami icmap be about Ijalfe a mile in coinpaffe : tlje fapo 
 topisinfo?meo?IikcncflcofacalD?on. UuttDitfcin ttoo miles of the top is.notbing but nfl;cs gt 
 pumitfj fioucs: pet be neatlj that ttco miles is tbe coloc region couerco all tije pere ttwb fnou),a«a 
 fcnunljac lotoer are migljtp huge trees grotoing.callco Vinacico,bubicb are ercectn'ng (jeaup^ntf 
 toil! not rot in anp bjater,altbough cljep lie a thottfano peeres-therein.&lfo there is a toooo calico 
 Barbufano, of like bertue, toithmanp^auine trees ano P'ne trees. 9nobcneatfjtbcfefa?tsof 
 trees are trjooosoflSap trees of io^i 2mtlesiong,toljitbisapleafanttbingtotrauelltbo?oto, 
 among tije bMjtclj are great numbers offtnall biros, tobicljfingerceect'ng facet, btttcfpectallp 
 one fojt tljat are bcrp litle, ana of colour in all refpects like a S>lnallo5n 3 fauing that be [jath a lit* 
 tie blackc fpot on Ijis b?ra(t as b?oao as a penp, fye fingethmo ?e fvncetlp then all tlje reft , but if 
 he be taken anb tnip?ifonco in a cage, be liuetb but a fmall tobile* Cljis 3ilano b?tngctb fcoitb all 
 fo?ts of fruits,as Canada ootlj: ano alfo allthe other Jlanbs in generall b?iRgfoo?thlb?ubso2 
 iuujes,otit of the inln'eb iffuetlj a iuic e as toljite as milkctobitlj after a iuljilc that it batlj come out 
 inarctbtbirke., anOiscrceeDinggooobirolime, tie bulb is calico Taybayba, Fiji's 3Hann alfo *<>ne. 
 b?ingctb foo?tlj anocljer tree calleo Drago, tiihich grattJetlj on biglj among rocks, anb bp tncifion 
 at tlje foot of tbe tree iifltetb out a liquet? Ifke bloob,iobicb is a commo o jug among apothecaries^ 
 SDftbeboooooftbis tree are maoe targets greatlp efieemeo , becaufeifanp ftue?Do? Dagger hie 
 thereon, tbep flicke fo fad tljat it is bare plucking tbcm out, 
 
 Cljis is tbe moft fruitfull 31Iano of all tlje rctt fo? co?ne,ano intbat refpect is a mctljer o?mtrfe 
 to all tlje others m time of nceo, tljere groboeth alfo a cercainemotTe Upon the biglj rocks calico 
 Orchel,rjjl)tcb is bought fo?DiarstoOiebJitljalI. l Cb?rearei2 fugarljoufes calleo Ingenios, otchd S aoD 
 irjljiclj make great quantttp of fugar. ^bere is alfo one league of grouno tobiclj ftanoetfj bettoecn f0 ? b ^. 
 fma totoncs, tlje one calico Larotaua , ano tlje otljcr Rialeio , anb it is thought tljat tljcliheplot 
 of grounb is not in all tlje toojlD, Clje reafon is.tljat iljis one league of grctmo p?ooucetljtoect 
 mater out of tbe cliffes 0} rockp mountatnes, come bf all fojtes, ftuites of all fojtes, ano excel- 
 lent gooo Bike, flare, tuare, ano Ijonp, anb berp goob toines in abunoance, toitb great llojc of fu= 
 gar ano fite-tocoo* ©ut of tbis 3Uano is laben great quantitp of boincs fo? tlje Well indi3, ana 
 otljcr cotmtreps. Crjcbengrotoetl) on a lullfioc calico tbe Ramble. 
 
 ■Sberc is ia tljat 3jlanb a faire citp, (fattM'ng tb?ce leagues from the fea s nerc bnto a lake calico 
 Laguna.toljercin are ttoofairepatilbcljurcljcSjtbercotoclletlj tlje gouernourtoljorulctb all tljat 
 3!lanbbaitljiuaice. tljere are alfo alDermenfcjtlje publike toeale, tobobuptljcir offices of tlje 
 king t the motf of tlje toljole inhabitants of this citp are genclcmen,mercbants,anb ljufbanb men, 
 
 tljere are otljerfouretotonescaileb Santa CmZjEarotaua, Rialeio, ano Garachico, santaCrmt; 
 
 31n tW 3!lano befo jc tlje tottqueff btoclt fcuen kings, toljoinitb all tbeir people bluelt in caues, 
 ano mere clotljeo in goat f kt'nnes, as tlje Canaria people toere, anb bfeo fuclj like ojocr of biet as 
 thephao. ^Ijeicojoerofburialltoas^tbatiuljcn anpoieo, Ijetoascarriebnakeoto agreatcaue, 
 luljere IjcbJa^pjoppcobpagainatlje tuall ItanDingonljiBfcct. ^ucifbeicereofahpautljojitp 
 among tbem, then ijab he a flaffe in bis Ijano, anb a beffell of milke CanDing bp Ijim. 3 baue ftcne 
 cauesof^coof tljcfccomfcs together , tlje flcdj being bn'ebbp, tljeboDprcmainebasligijtas 
 parebment. "SSlbcfc people mere calico Guanches, naturallp tbep fpafee another language cleane 
 contrarp to tlje £anarians,anb fo confcqticntlp eucrp 31Ianb fpakc a fcuerall language. 
 
 ^otcCgcntlercaDeOtljatthejlanoofCariaria.tljeJleofTenerif'.anotljcSilcofPalmaapper' 
 tainc to tbe king of Spaine , bnto loljomtljep pap fifty tljoufano ouckats pecrelp fo? cuflome anb 
 otljer p?ofits, ail tljefc Jlanos iopntlp are one biftjopjickc, tobscb pap to trje biftjop t toclue thou= ■ 
 fano ouckats peerelp. 3no tljus a concluoe of tlje 3|le of Tcnerif , mijicb KanbCilj in 27 oegrccs 
 ano a balfe, as 31 baue befo?e beclareo, 
 
 Gomera. 
 
 *tyt 3IIano of Gomera fianoctlj 2;aieBiBarDfromTenerif,inotlIancenre leagues : tljigt'sbut 
 afmallJilaitDconteintngeigljtlcagueginlengu;, 3tisan«EarIeDomc,fthclo?ot|)ereofis 
 
 Aaa 3 calico, 
 
318 The Englifri Voyages,Nauigations, Thomas 3\(jcols. 
 
 calico tbe earle of Gomera. *35ut in cafe of anp controucrfie t!je Oaffals map appeale to tbe lungs 
 fuperio? auogestobicb refine inCanaria. 
 
 %b\$ aiano batlj one proper totone calico Gomcra,tobiclj Ijatrj an ereellcnt gooo po?t o? bar* 
 tour fo? ftjips, toljere cftcnttmeg tlje Indian fleet take refrefijingfo? tljeic bopage* 
 
 "Sljcrcis alfo fufficient graine ano fruit fo? tlje maintenance of tljemfelueo, 
 
 ■Ctjcre is one Ingenio o? s%.t!gar-lj0ufcj iuitb great plcntp of tome ano otfjer fo }t$ of fnttts,aiS 
 Canaria anD Tenerifljatlj. • 
 
 %W aiano peeloefb no otljer eommooitp liut onelp o?cIjcIl ; it CanDetljin 27 Degrees Diffant 
 from the £ quato? tomato tlje pole 3r ctiche. 
 
 ThelleofWww. 
 
 T$e 3le of Palma ff anoetlj ttoelue IeaguesDiffant from tbe ale of Gomera jf2ojtbtoefltoarl>, 
 tEM.* 31lano is fruitfull of toineanofugar : it rjattj a proper citp ealleo tlje citp of Palma, 
 toljcre is great contraction fo? toines, tobiclj are laoen fo? tbe Weft India tj otijer places, ^ttjis 
 citp Ijatlj one fairecljurcb, anoagouemour, anDaloermentomaintaineanoerecutciuitice* jt 
 Ijatlj alfo anotljer p?etp totone,caIleo S. Andre wes, at rjatlj alfo fottre Ingenios toljiclj maite ers 
 cellent fugar, ttoo of tlje tobielj are ealleo Zauzes, ano t lie otber ttoo, Taflacorr. 
 
 %\}is aiano peeloetb but little b?eao-co?ne ; but racljct is tbt reof p?outoeo from Tcnerif ana 
 otber places. 
 
 Cljcir bed tomes groto in a foile ealleo tlje Brenia, tobere perelp is gatbereo ttoclue tboufana 
 iiuts of mine like Onto S^almfies* Cljtg J Iano ftanoetlj rouno , ano contained in circuit neere 
 fiue ano ttoentp" leagues, atbatlj pleutpofallfo?ts of fruits, as Canaria ano Tenerifbaue, it 
 fiatioc tb in ttoentp feuen oegrees ano a Ijalf c. 
 
 The Hand of Yron, called Hierro. 
 
 TBpis aiano ffanoetb ten leagues Diffant from tlje aiano of Palma 32MtoarD : it is but a lit* 
 tie aiano, tobitb contained fire leagues in circuit, ano Ijatlj but final! cwenfion. 3 t apper* 
 tainetb to tbe earle of Gomera. VLty cbiefeff commooitp oftfjis 3|lano is goats fleftj ano o?cbeIf t 
 ■z.Mt bhid bine Cbere is no toinc in all tljat 3llano , but onelp one bineparo tljat an € ngliftj man of Taunton in 
 tbe SBefi countrep planteo among roclts, bis name toas Iohn Hill. 
 
 Cljt's Silano Ijatb no kino of freftj tontc r , but onelp in tlje mioole of tbe aiano g totoct lj a great 
 tree toitlj leattes like an ©hue tree, toljiclj ijatlj a great cifferne at tlje foot of tbe fapo tree. Cljts 
 tree continual!? is caucreotoitljclouos, anobpmcancscljcreoftljclcaucsoftbefapottcccontt- 
 uttallp o?op toatcr, berp ftoeet , into tbe fapo cifferne , toljiclj commet b to tlje fapo tree from tbe 
 clouos bp attraction. 9no tljis toater fufficetlj tlje 3llano fo? all necetfities,aftoell fo? tlje cattcll, 
 as fo? tbe inhabitants, at ff anoetlj in 2 7 Degrees. 
 
 The Hand o£ Lanzarota. 
 
 Tl)t aiano of Lanzarota ffanoctlj eigbteene leagues Dill ant from grand Canaria feoutljeaff * 
 toaro, %%z onelp eommooitp oftbis aiano is goats fleftj ano o?cljeII. atisanearleoome, 
 anO DOtlj appertained Don Auguftinc de Herrcra.tottJb title Of earleof Fortauentura anD Lan- 
 zarota. 3But tbe baffals of tljcfc earleoomcs map in anp caufe of to jong appeale to tbe Sings 
 3tuogeo,tobicbrefioe inCanaria, as a bane fapo before : becaufe altljougb tlje king Ijatlj referuea 
 to btmfelfe but onelp tlje tlj?ce fruitfull aianOBjCalleo Canaria, Tenerif, ano Palma, pet be alfo 
 referueo tlje roo of iuflice to btmfelfe , becaufe otljcrtotfe tbe Daffals migbt be cuill int reatco of 
 tbeir£o?Ds. 
 
 jfrom tljis aiano Do toeefclp refo ?t to Canaria,Tenerif,? Palma,boats laoen toitb d?i'cd goats 
 fleuj.calleo Tufsmetta,toljicb feruetb in CeaD of bacon,ano is berp gooDmeat, %fy& aiano flan* 
 oetljin 2 6 Degrees, ano is in lengtlj ttoclue leagues-^ 
 
 The He ofForteueatura. 
 
 TJipe ale of Forteuentura flanoetb fiftp leagues from tbe p?cmonto?p of Cabo deGuer , in 
 tbefirmelanoof Africa,anofouregsttoentp leagues Dittant from Canaria ffifltoaro. WW 
 aiano ootb appertaine to tlje lo?o of Lanzarota. at is reafonable fruitfull of tofceat ano barlep, 
 ano alfo of kine,goats,ano o?cbel:tljis ale is fifteene leagues long ano ten leagues b?oao. ffln tlje 
 jao?tbfioe it Ijatbalittle aiano about one league oifiane from tbe maine aiano, bcttoccnebctlj 
 of tbe toljicb it is nauigable fo? anp ftjips, ano is ealleo Graciofa. 
 
 Xotlj Forteuentura ano Lanzarota baueberphaletoine of tbegrotot^ of tbofeaiarop, at 
 flanoetlj in 27 Degrees. 
 
 J>atB lit Hierro 
 
 jjUiitc&byioh, 
 Hill Of Taunton, 
 
The i .voiage to ^Barbarie. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 3 19 
 
 ^ — — — - — ■ — — 
 
 'SLljusinuclj Ijaue 3 tt}?tttenat tljefc fcucn3!lanDi3 bp crpeuiencc, becaufe 31 toas aDtue'.lcr 
 there, as3battefapDbefo?e, tbefpaccoffeuenpeeresin tlje affaires of matter Thomas Locke, 
 matter Anthonie Hickman,anD matter Edward Caftelin, ttljo in tbofc Dapcs toere toojtbp mec- 
 chantS,auo of great crepite in the titic of JLonoon, 
 
 A defcription of the Hand of Madera. 
 
 T$e 3Iano of Madera ttmtoeth in 3 2 Degrees oifiant from the eqttinoctinall Iine,anD fettent (c 
 leagues from tlje 3le of Tenerif ji2o?theafiniarD ana ^outljtoeli from Hercules pillars, 
 %l)is Jlanovjias firtt oifcouereo up one Macham an Cnglifljman, ano teas after cenquereoano 
 inhabiteDbp the Portugall nation ♦ Jittoas firtt calico tlje Jilano of Madera, bpreatbn of the 
 great totlDernetTe of funo?p fo?tcs of trees that there did groine, ano pet Doe, as Ccoars,£pp?es, 
 aSmatico.TrJarbujano, Tptnc trees, am Diuers others, ann tljcrefoje tlje fcipo 3Iano conrinuctlj 
 ftill tuitlj tlje fame name, ©otobcit tljep Ijolo opinion, that bcttuceue the fapD Jilano ano tlje 3IIe 
 of Palma is an 3lano not pet oifcouereo, tobiclj is the true 3lano Madera calico faint Brandon, 
 %%\& 3lano peeloetlj a great futtime of moncp to the king of Portugall peerelp : it bath one faire 
 cttiecalleoFouchall, which bath one faire pn jt oj tjarbour fo? fhtppep, aim a ttrcngbuHnarke, 
 anD a faire Catbeo?aIl churcb,torith a bittjop ano other Dignities thereunto appertaining, Chcrc 
 is alfo iuttice anD goucrnment acco?oing to tljePortugall tofc , 'But caufes of appellation arc xt- 
 tnittco to the citieof Lisbone in Portugall to the kings fuperio? itioges tljere , ©bis 3HmiD bath 
 another totome calico Machico,toljtclj hath likctoifc a gooo roao fo? ujips.rjjhicb totunc ano roao 
 toere fo calico after the name of Macham the CngliGjman^bo fiffi oifcouereo tlje fame, ©here 
 are alfo firteenc fttgarljoufes calleDlngenios.tobich make erccllentgooo fugar, 
 
 tljere isbefioes the gooolp timber before DeclareD, great fio?e of oitters fo?tes of fruitcs, as 
 IPcares, Apples, l9lummes,U)ilDDates,peachcs of Diuersfo?tes,spellons,'Batatas,©jen'- 
 ges,Jtemmons,l9omgtanatcs, Cttjons.JTtgges, anoallmancrofgaroenljecbes, ©here arc 
 manp D?agon trees, fuclj asgroto in tlje Canarie 31lanos, but cbieflpthts lano pjooucctlj great 
 quantitie of fmgular gooD tonics iuljiclj are laocn fo; manp places.2Dn the 0o ?t b ftoe of tljis lano 
 tb?ec leagues oifiant fromthemame3IanDttanDethanotberlitIc3IanocalleoPortofanto .- the 
 people thereof liuctlj bp ljufbano?te, fo? tlje 3|lanoof Madera pceloetlj but litle co?ne,but ratl;et 
 tstbereofp?outDeooutofFranceanDfromt^e3ilanoofTenerir'. SDnthe Cattftoe of the 31lc cf 
 Madera fireleaguesoittantttanDCtrj another litle 3!lano calico tljeDcfert,rj]hichp?oouccth one* 
 IpOrchell, anD nouriujeth a great number of@oateS , fo? the p?ouifion of tlje rftatwe Slano, 
 tobicb map be tljirtie leagues in circuit : ano the lano is of great beigtb toljere the fojerapo trees 
 Brouje,3ttstooonocrtofeetbeconuepanceoftbefeiaterto the Ingenios bp Spines tbjougtj the 
 mountaines, 
 
 3nthemtB toap bettoeene Tenerif ano tlje 3lano of Madera Canoetlj a litle folitarie 3lann 
 calleotljeSaluages, rjohiebmap bee about one league in compaffe, luijicy Ijatij neither tree no? 
 fruic,but ts onelp fooo fo? (Boates, 
 
 cT£ The orginall of the firft voyage for trafrlque into the 
 
 kingdom ofMarocco in *Barbarie, begun in the yeere 1551. with 
 a tall (hip called thcLion of London, whereof went as captaine Matter Thomas 
 rr«^w,asappeareth by this extract of a letter of lames sAldaie, to the worfhipfull mafter 
 Michael Locks, which isildaie profeflech himfelfe to haue bene the full inuenter of this 
 trade. 
 
 ^2D?ujtpfuIl&tr,haufngIateIpbeneacqtiaintcD tuithpouc intent to p?ofecute 
 jttje oloc intermitteo Difcouerie fo? Catai, if therein toitb mp knoruleoge, 
 ' trauell 0? tnouttrie 31 map Doe pou fertiice, 3 am reaoie to ooe it, ano therein to 
 <aouenturemp life to the Sttermott point , ©ructbitis, tljatgi Ijauebene bp 
 , fomemen(notmpfrienos)euillfpofeenofatIonDon, faping that although a 
 • be aman of knotoleoge in the 3rte of j^auigation ano Cofmograpljie, ano that 
 3 Ijaue bene the inuenter of fome bopages tljat be noto grotocn to great effect ; pet fap thep mn^ 
 lictoufip ano Without iirftcaufe, tljat 3 haue not bene toilling at anp feafon to p?oceeo in thofc 
 ftopages that 3 haue taken in hano, taking erampleefpeciallp of ttoobopages . ■Cbeonetoas 
 toljen 3 teas mailer in the great OSarkeaucherfo? the Leuant, in tobicf) bopagc 3 ttent not, 
 but the caufes tyep did not knoto of mp let from tlje fame, no?oftheotber , But firtt tlje berp 
 
 mtctlj 
 
8 The Engiiih Voyages,Nauigations, The i Mage to 'Bar. 
 
 ■ mtcthis, tlj.it 38 toas from tljc fame fcopage letteo bp the Ipjinccs irttcrjs, tohich mp Spaficr s e- 
 baftian Gabon hao oUtameo foj that purpofe, to mp great gttcfe, 9no ?s touching the fc ccno 
 Hopaofc fcaljiclj 3 imtentcD foj tije trace of Barbarie, tljeliuingtSoo fenotoetfj that 3 fap wott 
 true, tljac tofeen the great f toeate toas, (tohcreon the cljicfe of tljofc toith tohom 31 iopuca in that 
 bopaojc Oicn,that is to Cap, §>tr Iohn Luttercll, lohn Fletcher, Henry Oftrich anO others) 31 nip 
 fclfetoasalfo taken toitrj ttje fame ftneate in London, ano after it, tufjetljec toith cuillnietitt 
 keepings hoto 3J kriotonot,3I toas call into fitch an ertrcame fetter, as 31 tons neither d)!e to 
 i'tDC no? goc: ann tije fbtppe being at Portefmomh , Thomas Windam tjan her atoap Front 
 thence, befo?e 3itoa«tauletoflano bpon mp legges,bp tohom 31 lo8attljatmttantfourefco?e 
 pountf, 15cfioes 31 toas appointenbp them that otcu (ifthep hao linen) to hauehan the tofoolego* 
 iterninent botlj of fhippe aim goons, becaufe 31 toss to them the fole imiencer of tljat trace* 
 
 31n the ficfi uopagc to Barbary tfjerc lucre ttoo Moores, being noble men , tohereof cine toa(S 
 oftbe&itigsbloso,coiutapeD bp the Duo Spatter Thomas Windham into their Coun* 
 Utp OUt Of England, 
 
 Sourjs ljumble at pour commaimement, 
 
 lames Alday. 
 
 The fecond voyage to 'Barbary in the yeere 1552. Setfoorth by 
 the right worfhipfull Sir Iohn Torke, Sir William Gerard , Sir Thomas 
 Wroth JA&er Frances Lambert, Matter Cole, and others j Written by the 
 relation of Matter lames Thomas then Page to Matter Thomas Windham 
 chiefeCaptaineof this voyage. 
 
 IpEE^LEIII Spc fljiupes that toent on this uopage mere tlnee , tofjereof tttto mere oftlje 
 
 AfaG. 
 
 SantnCiui. 
 
 m 
 
 die «*ngliflj 
 
 lucre .it Santa 
 
 Crux dje yctre 
 fccfojc being 
 ijji. 
 
 I Hiuer of Thames, 'Ojat is to fap, the Lyon of London, tohereof spatter. 
 
 __ Thomas Windham toas CaptaineanopartotoncK,ofaboutanbuno?ent]ffrt> 
 
 y| tic tumies : ^hc other toas the Buctolre about fourefcoje tuunea, a*D aPor- 
 
 cugall Carauel bought of certatlte Portugals in Newport i»t Wales, aiUJ 
 
 fcaighteo fo? this bopagc, of fumme Grtie tunnes, ©he number of men in the 
 .tflcete tocre an huno?eo ano ttoemt'e. tkbc Spatter of the Lyon toas one Iohn Kerry of Myn- 
 hcdm&omerferfhtre,hfe Spate toas Dauid Landman. ©hechiefeCaptaineof thisfmall 
 JFleete toas Spatter Thomas Windham a $3o jffolke gentleman borne, but Otoclling at Marfh- 
 field-patkcing>omerfet fbt're, ^his jflcete oeparteo out of King- rode nccre Briftoll about 
 tljc.bcginningofSpap 155 2,beingonaSpunoapm themomitig: ano the spmiDap fortnight 
 nert entiling hi the cucuing came to anancker at their firtt po?t in the roaoe of Zafia, 0? Aiafion 
 the coatt of Barbarie, (tanning to 5 2, Degrees of latituoe, ano there jnt't on lanopart of out mar* 
 cljanoife to be conueico b^ lann to the citic of Marocco : tobicb being cone, ano hailing refrelheti 
 our fclues toith victuals ano toatcr,toe toent to the fecono po?t calleti Santa Cruz, tohere toe Bit* 
 cljargeotljcrettof our goons, being gooD quantitie ofltnticn ano tooollcnclotl),co?all, amber, 
 Slet^no Diuets otljer things tocll acccpteo of thcMoores»31n to|iiclj roao toe founo atf rend; ttjip, 
 toljfcijnotknotoing tohctijcr it hfcrctoarreo? peace bettoeene England anc France, tijctoehec 
 felfc as mere bnncr the totonc toals as (be coulo pdffible, crauingaioe oftlje totone fo? her De= 
 fence, tfnccotocrejtoljicljinDcerifecingvsstj^atoneere, fljot atfts a piece from the toals, tohich; 
 came otter the lion our acmirall, bcttoem the maine matte tj Ijcr fo?emaff.a:Qrjereupon toe com- 
 mtng to m ankcr,p jefentlp eame a pinnes aboom us to fenoto totjat toe tocre, toho mtcerflanDing 
 that toe hao bene there the pcre befoje.rj came toith the goooleaue of their king in marcljsnt toife, 
 toere fullp fatif Sen, aim gauc us goon Icaue to bjing our goons pcaccablp on tto?e , tohere the 
 51icetop,tol;ofe name toas SibillManache , tottljinujojt time after came to DiftteDS, anDbfeo 
 ustoitljallctirtcfie, 15utbpDiuer0occattonstoefpentl;creDerpneeret|)?eemonctljsbefojetoe 
 coulo get in our ianing, totjicfj toas simgar, Dates, gimonns, aim Malaflbs o> fugar §>p?rope, 
 9nn fen all our being Ijere in the heatc of the &ommer, pet none of our companp perittjen bp tick* 
 neffe, ©ttr fhips being lanen, toee n?eto into the @>ea foj a SBetterne toinn fo? England. !But 
 being at fea, a great leafte fell upon tije lion, fo thattoe toere njiuen to Lancerota, annForte- 
 uentura.tohere^ttoeenetljettoo 31Ianns,toe came toa roao, tohencetoeeputonlatm out of our 
 fapnfi)tp7o,cijettesof^>ugarbpon Lancerota, toitljfome oo?en 0? UjKeenc of our companp, 
 tohere the inhabitants fttppottng toe han mane a tojongfull p ji?e of our carauelf, ftionenlp came 
 toith fo?ce upon our people,among toljom 31 mp felfe toas oiie s tooke bs p?ifoncrs,ann fpotlen tije 
 fttgars: to^i&thtngbeingperceutenfromourlhips, tljep nwnneoout tl;jce boatcs, tljinKing 
 
 to 
 
a 
 
 The i.vouo "Bar. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 tg refcue tis,an d D?aue cljc Sspantaros to flisbt, Dotjcreof tljcpfleli) cigljcccne, anD tooke tbeir go. 
 uem3uroftbc3|lanopjifoner, toljolDas a berpageD gentleman about 70, peeress of age. Bat 
 chafing tljc enemic fo farce, to? our recouerie, as pouDcr and arrotoes njanteD, the g>paniatDcs 
 nerceming tbts.returneD, ano in our mens retire tljep fie'eo fite of tbem, €.f>en a Parle ojreD), in 
 tlje toljid) tt tuas agreeo, tljat njctbepnfoners ftoulo be bp tbem rcttofeo, anD tljeprccriuc their 
 viae goucroour, giuingbs a tellimonte bnDer bis ano their Ijanos ., tohat Damages toee hao ttjere 
 *ecruteD x tbcttbt':!) Damages toercljerereflofco, aim maoegboDbp the king of g>paineljis mar» 
 chants upon our rctttrne into Cnglano . aftcrtoce baofearcljeo ano menDcDourlcake, being 
 returneo aboo2D,toe came bnoct fatle, aim as toee toere going to tlje fea on the one Ooe of the 31 s 
 lann.tljeCacafuego anD other ujtps oftlje king of Portugals Armada cnteren at tlje other, ano 
 came to anker in tljeroaD from tohence toe uoete but netolp Departed, ano fliot off tbeir great op 
 binaries in our bearing ♦ atwberebptbetoapitis to bee tonoeraooo that the Portugal*, mere 
 much offcnDcDtoitlj tin's ourneto traDtinto Barbaric, anD both tn our botagc the peere before, 
 as alfo in this trjep gatie out in England bp ttjeir marcljants,tljat if tljep tooke Win tljofepartes, 
 tljep tooulD bfebs as their mojtall enemtes,toitb great tbjeates anD menaces . 15utbp @od ana 
 gooopjiouiocnce Bee efcapeo their IjatiDes . JF ram this 33Iaiffl iljaping our courfe fo? England, 
 uic lucre feueno? eight lueekcs before toiecoulD reach the coallof England. 'S.ljefirftpojtujee 
 eutcrtDiiitouaasthfbawfnofPlimmouth, fromtobence toitbin ftjojt timetoec came into the 
 ■Shames, ano lauocD our marcbanoife at London, about tlje ence oftbemonetbof ©ctober, 
 1552, 
 
 t&i A voiage made out of Snglandvnto Guinea and %emft 
 mJffrike, at the charges ofcercainemarchantsAduenturers of 
 oftheCitie of £««&», in theyeereofourLord 1553. 
 
 afSOascetirctibp ccrtaineofrnpfrienostomake fome mention of this Uoi- 
 
 lavage, that fome memo?te thereof might remaine to ourpofferitie, if eitbee 
 
 %^|):intquitieoftimeconfuming all things, 0? ignojance creeping in bpbarba* 
 
 *^wk iroufneffe ano contempt of knotolebge QjoulD fjereafter burp in obliuion fo 
 
 < ~ / ''^ l tooo?thie attempts, fo much the greatlier to bee efieemeD, as before neuet 
 
 eneerpfifcobpCnglilbmcn, Ofattbelcaftfofrequenteo, as attljis pjefent 
 
 tljep are,ano map bee, to tlje great commooitieof our marcbants,ifthe fame 
 
 be not IjmoereDbp the ambition of fuch, as fo? the conquering of foftte ojfifttemilcs Ijece anD 
 there, anD erecting of certaine f ojtreffes, tljinketobeLojoesofhalfetljctoojlD, cnuping tljat 
 other fljoulD eniop the cominoDttics, iDljichtheptbemfcuies cannot tuljolp poffelfc . 9no al* 
 though fuel) as Ijauebene at charges intljeDifcouettng anD conquering of fucb laiiDes ougljt bp 
 gooBreafontobauccertaiuepjuttleges, pjeljeminenccs, ano tributes fo? the fame, pet (to 
 fpeake oiiDer correction) it map feemefometobac rigorous, anD agapnft gooD reafon anD cou= 
 fcience, 0? rather agapntt tlje chatitie that ought to be among Cfotflian men, that fuch asin= 
 uane tlje Dominions of other fljoulDnot permit otberfcienDlptobfe the traoe of marcljanDtfc in 
 ulatcsnecrer, ojfelDomefrcquenteDofthem, tobercbp tljeirttaoe is notljinoercD in fuch Pea- 
 ces, lubere tljep tljemfclues baue at tbeir oUone elccttonappointeD tlje partes of their tramke, 
 Ktttfo?afinucbasattbisp?efentitisnotmpintenttoaccufe of Defeno, appjooueo? impfooue, 
 31 Uiill ceafc to fpeake anp further hereof, ano pf occeo to tlje oefcriptiou of the firft bopage, as 
 bfieflp ano faitljftillp as 31 toas aDucrtifco oftlje fame, bp tlje information of fuch crecible pec 
 fons, as maoe Diligent inquiCtion to knom tlje truetlj tljereof,as much as ftjall be requifite, omit « 
 ting to fpeake of manp particular tljings^otgreatlpneceffarie to be knoiuen : lntjtcljneuercljc* 
 teffCtoidj alfo tlje etact courfe oftlje nauigation,ujall be moj e fullpDecIareo in the fecouuooiage. 
 3nD if hcrcinfauour 0} frienDflup (ball perhaps caufefome to thinke that fome baue bene fijarp^ 
 Ip toucbcDjlet them lap apart fattour ano fricnDfljip,anD giue place to truetb,tbat honeC men map 
 vecetue p? apfe fo j uicll Doing,ann IclxiD perfons repj och, as the itttt flipeno of tljetr euill oefertes, 
 toberebp other map be Deterreo to Doe the likc,ant> oertuous men encoutageD to pj occcd in boned 
 attempts. 
 
 KuttbatthefebopagesmapbemofepIamlpbnDerttooD ofallmen, 3! baue tljougbtgooD fo? 
 this pttrpofc.bcfojieJiintreatbereo^tomakeabfiefeDcfcription of Africa, being that grcatparc 
 of the uoflDjOnbJljofe WLeft fiDebeginnetlj the coaDEof Guinea at Cabo Verde, about tiuclue 
 Degrees in iatituoe, on tljis 0De tbe Cquinoctiall Une,ano ttoo Degrees in longituoe from the mea« 
 
 faring 
 
 
io The Englilli Voyages,Nau.gations, Thomas Windham. 
 
 -»■- — ■■ — — — . — . — — ■ — — - ■ ■— ■■ — ■■ * ' ' * ' ■■■'■-—.- . 
 
 furingltne,fo running from the |3o?th to the i%>outh,ano bpCafl in fomc places.bJttbin 5,4^0 
 I Defect b aim a Ijalfe Unto tlje (i£quinocttall,ano to foojtl) in maner birectlp €a(f aim bp 5Bo?t&, 
 ' fojtGefyaceof 3 6 ucgrceso? thereabout, iiUongttuoeftomthe([&etttQtbeCa8, asfhallmoje 
 plainlp appearemtheDefcriptionof the feconotoopage, 
 
 t% A briefe defcription otzJfrike gathered by 
 
 Richard Eden. 
 
 Tunii. 
 
 Bugis. 
 Tripoli. 
 
 Numidia. 
 
 3lairtsof 
 dims. 
 
 Malta. 
 
 ■aijiticttrsof 
 TLjlim. 
 
 Bai banc, 
 Mauritania. 
 
 Ci)chingt"'m 
 
 locca. 
 
 Tremilen. 
 
 Oram. 
 Meifalquiber. 
 
 Sala. 
 
 Aiamor. 
 
 Omnia. 
 
 Guinea. 
 Acthiopians. 
 
 Marocco, 
 Pes. 
 
 Tremifen. 
 
 Guinea. 
 
 Africa £ BtMt- 
 
 Africa tlJC ICiTc 
 Caichage. 
 PreRet Iohn. 
 
 Cape de Bona 
 
 Spcraraa. 
 
 Alcair. 
 
 B Africa tlje Icffe are theft kingdoms : the UngboiR of Tunis anoConflami- 
 na.tofjiclj is at this flop bttocr Tunis,ano alfo tlje region of Bugia,Tripoli, aim 
 Ezzali.iiSljlBpanofAfrikeislJcrpbarreiibprrafonoftljesreatotferts, as 
 trjcDefertsof NumidiaanoBarca . Chepjincipallpojtsoftbekingoome of 
 
 Tunis are tljefe ; Golet[a,Bizerta,Potofamia,Bona,anO Stora, ©be Cbiefe Ct= 
 ttesof lunisareConHantinaanDBonajtuttboiuerdottjer.Slnticrtljisking^ 
 Dam ate manp 3lanOS,asZerbi,Lampadola,Pantalarea, Limofo,Beit,Gamelaro,anD Malta, 
 toijere at tbispj,efent is the great matter of the Rhodes. tUmcrthcSiouthof this btngoom are 
 tlje great ueferts of Lybia. ail tlje nations in this Africa tlje leffe are of defect of Mahomet,ann 
 armliCflilpeopIe,Umngfcattret)im!tllagcs.?L{)ebe(ioftljiBpart of Afrike is Barb-ana iping on 
 the coafl of the fea Mediterraneum, 
 
 Mauritania(notocaileDBarbaria) is m'ut'CeD into ttUO parts', AS Mauritania Tingitana, anO 
 Casfanenfis. Mauritania Tingitana isnolu calleO tlje lungDom of Fes , ano tljekingDOItt of Ma- 
 rocco . ■SChcpjiucipall citie of Fes is calico Fefla .- ano tlje chiefc citie of Marocco is nanico 
 
 Marocco. 
 
 Mauritania Ca:faiienfis IS at tbisOaj) callcDthekingDOm of Tremifen, toith alfo tlje citie cat-- 
 kD Tremifen ojTelenfin, t£his region is full of OcfertS,anD teacljetfe to tlje feea Mediterrane- 
 um, to t!je citie of Oram, toitljtljepojtofMerfalquiber , ^be kingdom of Fes reacljetb bnto 
 tlje ©ccan^>ea,from ttje clQefltotljetitte of Argilla: ano tlje pojtofttjcfapD kingdom is calleo 
 
 Sala. 
 
 djekinpomof Marocco is alfo crtenoeoabouethr ©cean g>ea, onto the citie of Azamor 
 ano Azah,ujl;iclj are upon tlje 2Dcean ^>ea,totuarD tlje 2xLtctt of tlje fapokingoom. ji2cre Mauri- 
 tania Tingitana (tljat istofap.bptlje ttookingocms of Fes, arm Marocco) are in tlje ^Dca, ttje 
 31laims of Canarie,callet) in olo time, The fortunate Hands, 'SIotiiarD tljc^otitrj of tljis region 
 is tijelungoom of Guinea,ii)itrjSencga,IaIofo,Gambra, ano maupotljcr regions of tlje "Blacke 
 Moores,calieuAetbiopianso?Negros, allbohicbarctofltcrcDttitth tlje riuet Negro calko in 
 olotimeNigcr . 3intljefapD regions arc no cities, butonclpcertame lotue cottages mane of 
 bougi)csoftrecB,plaflereD)a)itljcbalke,anticoucrcDVoitbftrfltue. Jntbcfercgionsare&lfoberjJ 
 great Defects, 
 
 ■i£be kingoom of Marocco batlj turner it tljcfe feuen isinpoms : Hea.Sus, Guzula, the tem= 
 tojie of Marrocco ,Duccala,Hazchcra,artO Tedlc. VLl)C ktngOom of Fes hath as manp t as Fes, 
 Temefne.Azgar^labath.Etrif.GaretjanD Elcair. ©ijekingDomofTremifenljatljtljcfe rcgi-- 
 0nS:Tremiren,Tencz,ani)Elgazair,aIl5i)ljicl)areMacnometirts,11?tttallti)£regi0RS0f Guinea 
 
 arc pure ©entilcs.ano iDolatrous,voitrjout pmfeffien of anp rcligion,o? otljcr bnotoieege of ©on, 
 then bp tlje lato of nature, 
 
 Africa ttje great is oneoftljethjeepartgofthelocjlD, knoiucnfnolDtimc, ano feuereo from 
 Aiu,ontbe GEalrbptljerutcrNilus, on tbeMlcttfrcm Europe bptljepillars of Hercules. 'Slje 
 Ijitljer part is no\n calico Barbarie,ano tlje people Moores , ^he inner part is calko I,ybia aim 
 Aethiopia. Afrike tljclciTe is intljislnifcbounoeo.SDn tlje 82JcGithatl)Numidia: SDntbe<£att 
 Cyrenaica : SDn tlje tftojtb.the fea calico Meditcrraneum, 3m tljis cotintrep toas tlje noble citp 
 
 sf Carthage. 
 
 3n the <£att Coe of Afiike beneatlj tlje rco fea, Dtoellctlj tlje great ariD migbtp Smpcrour ano 
 djjiifltankingPreflerlohn.Uicllknotoen to tlje Portugales in tijcitbopfiges to Calicut, ^)is do= 
 minions rcaclj berp farrc on cuctp fioe : ano batlj bnoer btm manp ottjer Kings botlj c!j?ittian ano 
 Ijeatljentljatpapljim tribute . Ebism!gbtiep?inccis calleoDauidtljcCmperourof Aethiopia* 
 ^omelB?itetbattbckingofPortugallfeimetljljimpeetclpeigljtujipsIaoen\nittjmarcbantii?e, 
 H)is luugDom confinetlj luitlj tbe reo S>ea,ano reacbeth far into Afrike totoato Aegypt aim Bar- 
 baric S>outljU)aro it confinetlj toitlj tlje @>ea toojaro tbe Cape de Bona Speranza : anD on tlje 0* 
 tljer Hoc witlj tlje fea of fano .called Mare de Sabione,a berp Dangerous fea Iping betinccn p great 
 Citie of Alcair,02 Cairo ill Aegypt^anO tlje COUtWtp of Aethiopia: 3[n tljC UaljiCb ttap arc manpun* 
 
 habitable 
 
 1 
 
 : 
 
- . mm m m - '" ■ '" 
 
 Thomas JVindam. Traffiques,and Difcouerfes. n 
 
 habitable Defcres,concuuung to? the fpace of fine oapes lotrenep.^iintljep affttme, that ifrtjc fapo 
 .Chiiffian Cmpero? toere not IjinDereD bp thofe Dcfcrts(tn the toljicl) is great lackc of oictuals, $ 
 efpeciallp of toatcr)hetoouft> oj noto haue inuaDeo t(je kingoom of Cgppt.ano ttjc citic of Alcair. 
 ^IjecbicfecicpofEthiopiajtoberetbtsigteatemperojisrefiDcnMScaUcDAmacaiz.bciiigafaire Ama«i*. 
 titte,tohofe inhabitants are of tlje colour of an ©Iiuc^hcre are alfo manp otljer citirSjas the dtp 
 of Saua bpon the ritier of Nilus, toljere the Cmperour is accuflomeo to rcmainc in the <§>ommcr 
 feafcm.'Chere is liketoife a great citp nameo Barbaregaf,ano Afcon, from tohence it is faio that m mmd 
 tbe^uceneofSabacameto^tcrufalemtoheare^eiDifeDontofSalomon.'^btiscitieisbutlitle, msuumes 
 pet beep faire,ana one of the cbiefe cities in Echiope. 3fn this pjouince are manp crccctmtg bin!) Saba mne - 
 mountains,bpon tlje toljicb is fafo to be tlje eatthlp paramfe t ana fome fap tbattljere are tlje trees utic tmtsig 
 of tlje <§>unne ana gf)oone,to!j*reof the anttquitie maketlj mention : pet that none can pafie thither |',j "^ of 
 lip ceafonof great oefetts of an bunajea aaies ioumep.&lfo bepono tbcCe mountains is uje Cape w guma an* 
 of Bona Speranza. &na to Ijaue faia thusmucb of Afrike it map fufftcc* m m " lK ' 
 
 The firft voiage to Guinea and 'Benin. 
 
 Jl3t&epeereofour£o?oi55^tbettoelftbiiapof^ugu!I ) faileijfromPortrmouth 
 > ttoo gooalp fljips, tlje Primcrofe ano tlje Lion, toitbapinnascalleDtheMoone, 
 i being all toell furmffjea afmell toith men of tbc luttictt fb?t, to tlje number of fe- 
 uen fco?e,as alfo toith ojoinance ano bictuals requiltte to fucb a boiage : Ijauing 
 , alfo ttoo captatnes,theoneattrangcr calleo Anthonic Anes Pimesdo, aPortu- KpteA* 
 galljbomein a to tone nameo Wyz 13o?t of Portugall,atoifc,tufcrcef , ano foler man.,to!jo fo? hiss 
 cumring in failing, being as tocllanerpeitlpilotasapoutiftecaptaine, toas fomctime in great 
 fauourtoithtljekingofPormgall, anatotohomthecoaflsofBrafileana Guinea toere commit ®gj^ 
 tea to be kept from tlje jf rcnchmen,to tohomfce teas a terrour on theg>ca in thofepatts, ano teas <a5m,TO 
 furthermore a gentleman of the h:ug his matters houfe . "But as fortune in mancrneuer fauott- 
 retb but flatteretb,neuer pjomifeth tut at ceitteth.neuer raifetlj btit caffctb ootone againe : ano as 
 great toealtb f fauo-urhaue altoaies companions.emulation anb cnuic.he toas after manp aDttcr* 
 Sties jquarels maDe againtt bim^nfojeco to come mto England: b here in thisgolacn bopage Ije 
 mas euil matcheo toitlj an unequal companion, ana unlike match of mott funa?p qualities $ con* 
 tiitions.loitbbertuesfetoojnoueaDnjntn. djusoeparteotbefe noble ujipstmoerfaite onthctr 
 5)opage:15ut firttcaptaineWinJam putting fojtlj of bis (hip at Pordmouth ahinfmanofone of 
 the Ijcao marcljants.ano Vetoing herein a mutter of the tragicallpnrtes hee Ijao conceiueo in his 
 ojaine, ano toitlj fucb fmall bcgimiings nouriujeo fo monttrous a birtb,tljat mo;e Ijappp, pea anu 
 iiletfto toas that pong man being left bchino.tljen if be ban bene taken toitb tljem,as fome to toiCh 
 Ijebaooonetljehkcbptteirs.'E.husfaileiithepontljeirbopage, bntilltljepcamctothe 3!lanaof 
 Madera^here thep f ooke in certaine toines fo } the tto?e of tljeir ftips, ano paio fo? tljem a5 tljcp M!dtl" , " tis 
 agrcco of tljepjice.at tVjcfe Jlanos thep met toitb a great QSalion of the king of PortugalljftiH of 
 men mm o?otnance:pet fucb as coulo not Ijaue pjeuailee if it Ijao attrmpteo to toitljttanD 0} rcDtt 
 our niips,fo? tbetofjicb caiife it toas fet foo?tlj,notonelp to let ano interrupt tljefe our fljippes of 
 their pttrpofeBboiage,but al otljer tljat fijoulo attempt tljelihc:pct cljieflp to fruttrate our boiagc, 
 ^o? tlje king of Portugall toas Cnitterlp infojmco, tljat our fljips toere armco to Ijt's caflle of Mi- c&t canteof 
 na in tljofe pautcs 5 tohercas nothing lelfc toas ment, hi ""' 
 
 9ftcr thatottr fljips ocparteo from tlje 31lano of Madera fo?toaro on tljeir boiage, bt gan tljis 
 toojtljpcaptainePinteadosfojoto.asamantojmcntttitoitljtbccopanpofaterrtblcHydra.toha 
 bitberto flattreo toitlj ljim,$ mane him afaire countenance ano fljeto of loucSljcn oio Ijc take upo 
 yim to commano all alone.fetting nottgljt both bp captain Pmteado,anD tlje rett of tlje marcljr.nts 
 ftctojs, fometimes toitlj oppjob?ious toojos^no fomtimes toitlj tljjeatnitigs moflttjamfttlip a* . 
 bullng tbem,taking from Pinteado tlje feruice of tlje botes ano certain mariners that toere alTig- 1 
 ncofjimbp tbeojocrano Direction of thetoojujipfulmerchantSjano leaning Ijim as a commo ma« 
 rinectobtcb is the greatett oefptte ano grief that can be to a Portugale oj Spaniards be Dimini* 
 fijeo of tljeir f)Ono?,toIjiclj thep etteem abotte all ricbcs^ljtts failing fojtoart) on tbeir boiagejtljcp 
 came to tlje aianos of Canarie,tontinuing their courfc fro tljence irntil tljcp arriueo at the 3iIano <trtie pmi* of 
 of <§>.Nicholas,toljfTetbepbictualleotbcfelucs toitlj frefijmcat.of tlje flclb of totlo goats,to[jerc= ^ctianbof 
 of is great plcntp in tljat 3lanf 3 ? in maner of nothing els. from hence folotoing on tljeir courfc ^.Nicholas. 
 ano tarping here f tljere at the Dcfcrt alanos in the toap.becaufe tljep tooulo not come too timelp 
 to tlje countrcp of Guinea fo? the ljeat,ana tarping fomtoljat too Iong(fo? tobat can be todl mini^ 
 flceo in a commo toealtb,toljere inequalitie toitlj tpjannic toil rule alone)tbep came at tlje length 
 taj{iefiittlanDoftljeconntrpofGujnea,toljcrctl)epfeltoitlKljesrcat.riuetofSeflo, toberetbep ^ tiu "° 5 
 
 mtgijt 
 
•arnctstrii of 
 
 SOiD. 
 
 Ctjerafllesf 
 ffljjma. 
 
 la The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, Thomas Windam. 
 
 <2stani»e. m j 5 |, t f 0? t'jctr marcljano^es Ijaue laoen tljeir mips toitlj tlje gratnc s of tfcat countrep, toljicb is a 
 bcrp bate frwit.ano mucb like onto a fig as it grotoctlj on tbe tree, fz \ as tlje figs are full of fmall 
 fceos,fo is tlje fato fruit fullof graincs,toljiclj ate loofc tottljtu tlje cod, batting in tlje mine thereof 
 a Ijole on euerp fiocCljie kino of futcc is muclj Dfeo in coin countries,? map tljcre be fofo fo? great 
 aouantogc,fo? ercljangc of otljcr toares/But our incn,bp tlje perftoafiono? rather tnfo?ccmcnt of 
 tljis tragicall captaine,noc regaroing ano fctting ligljt bp tljat commoDitie.in cemparifon of p fine 
 golD tljcp t!jirGeD,faiIcD an IjuuDjeo leagues furtbcr,inuil tljep came to tlje gotten lano:toljere not 
 at tempting to come nccre tlje caff le pertaining to tlje king of Portugall,toljicb toas toitljin tbe ri* 
 uer of Mina,tbep m&oe fale of tljeir toareonlp ontljtsftne 9 bcponoit,f6? tlje golDoftrjat ccfttrp, 
 
 2fm,m a,tti,i ' t0 ^ c Qtwnrtite of an ljuno?co ano fiftie pontics toeigljt, tberc being in cafe tljat tljcp migljt Ijaue 
 Difpat cljeo all tljeir toare fo? golD,if tlje untame b?aine of Windam-ljao, ? coulo Ijaue giuen eare 
 toiljecounfdlanocrperienceofPinteado . 5fo?tobauljatWiiidamnot fatifficD toitlj tbegoia 
 toljielj be ljao,ano mo?e migbt ijaue ijao ifrjeljaD tarteo abont tbe Mina, commauoing trje rate Pin- 
 teado (fo? fo Ije tookc open Iji'm) to IeaD tlje ujips to Benin,bcing bnocr tlje (Equinoctial line, ana 
 an l;unD?eo ano fiftp leagues bepono tfc Mina.toljere Ije lookeD to batte tljeir fljips laoen toitlj pep* 
 pertano being counfellco of tlje faio Pintcado,confioering t{je late time of tlje pecre ,foj tfeat time 
 to go no furtbcr,bat to make fale of tbeir mares fuclj as tljep Ijao fo? golo,tobcrbp tljcp migbt bnue 
 
 jriirttnbwit* bene great gainers : Windam not afCentingIjeretiino,fell into a fuODcn rage.rcuilmgTljc fapa 
 
 tctijuocoimtci PinteadojCaUtngljimJcmjtoitbctljeroppfobjiousmojoc/uin'ng^ljistoljojefonJetoljstbpjov 
 mifeo to b?iugos to fucbplaces as arc not,o? as Ije cannot b?iugbs Unto : but if be 00 nct,3i mill 
 cut off bis cares ano naile tljem to tbe mattc.Pinteadogatte tbe fc?efaio ceunfell to go no furtljcc 
 fo? tbe iafegaro of tbe men ano tljeir liues, tobiclj tljcp fijottlo put in Danger if tljep came too late, 
 fo? t'oeKolTia toljielj is tljeir 8Bintcu,not fo? colD,butfo? fmotljeringfjeatc, toitlj clofcanOclGuDie 
 aire ano tlo?ming meatljit,of fuel) putrifping qualitictljat it rottco tlje roates of tbeir backs : j 
 els fo? commingto fooncfo? tlje tco?cbtngljcatoftij£ funne, toljielj cattfeo tbcm tolingct in tlje 
 map. 'But of fo?cc ano not of mill b?cugbt be tlje &jipsbcfo?e t!jc ritier of Benin, toljcre doing at 
 an8nker,tljep fetu tljeir pinnas up into tljeriuer 500? (5oleagtieo,from toljrncc certainc of tlje 
 mavcljantstoitbcaptaincPinceadojFrancifcoaPortugale, NicholasLambart gentleman, ano 
 otljcrmarrtjantstoerecanDuctcctotbeccurttobcretbckingrcmauKO, ten leagues frcm tlje ri= 
 uer fiDCjiuljitljer toljen tbep came,tbep toereb?ougljt toitlj a great cempanp to tlje p?efence ef tlje 
 king,toijo beinga blacke Sfjso jr(altbougl) not fo blackc as tlje cell) fate in a great ljugc ljall,lcng; 
 ano \iuo e,t!je toals maDc of eartb tottbout toincotocs,trjf roofe of tljin boo?os s cpcn in funo?p pla* 
 ccs.like 'onto Ioucrs to let in tlje aire. 
 
 3no bere to fpeake of tbe great reuerence tljep gitte to tljeir king, it is fuclj, tljat if toe toottlB 
 gtttc as mucb to our Sbauio? Cb?iff,toe fijoulD vemocuefrom our Ijcaos manp plagues toljic(j toe 
 oailp ocferue fo? our contempt anb impietie. 
 
 So it is t!jerfo;e, tljattoljen bisnoblc men are inljtsp?efcnce,tljcpncuer lookc fn'min tlje face, 
 liutfitcoto?Jng,astoeupcnaurknces ) fot[)epto;ontljeirbttttocks,toitbtljeirelbotoc8lipontljeic 
 knccs.ano tljeir Ijanos befo?e tljeir faccs^iot looking op Until tlje king commano tljcm.9no toljcii 
 tljep ave cemming cotoaro tlje king,as far as tljep oo fee bim,tljep 00 iljeto fuclj reuerence, fitting; 
 en tlje grouno toitlj tljeir faces coucreo as befo?e,iikctoifc toljen tljep Depart from Ijim, tljcp turn 
 nottljcir backs totoaro lj:m,bttt goc creeping backtoaro tottljlikc reuerence, 
 
 9no noto to (pe'akc fomctoljat of tlje connhunication tljat toas bcttoecn tlje kingano our men, 
 pou fballfirffto-ioerQflno tbat l;e IjimfelfecoulD fpcake tlje Portugall tongue, toljiclj be Ijao Iear-= 
 ueo of a cl)ilfi^ljerefo?e after ije Ijao commanoeo our men to flano up.ano oemanoco of tljem tbe 
 ^tg caufc of tljeir comming into tbatcountrep ; tljcpanftoercobpPinteado,tljattljcptocremarcljantS 
 trattciling into tljofe parties fo? tlje commooities of Ijis cottntrep, fo? crcljange of toares tobiclj 
 tljep Ijao b?cugljt from tljeir ronntries.lcing fuclj as fijottlo be no Icffc commooioug fo? Ijim ann 
 Ijis pecplcSLbc king t'gc tjauing of olo Ipmg in certainc IT o?c-boufc 3 o 0? 40 kintals of peppet 
 (cucrp kintall being an ljun6?eotocigljt)toiUeo tljem to lookebpontljefame,anoagainetob?inoj 
 Ijim a ftgljt of fuclj mercljanoijcs as tljcp Ijao b?ottgbt toitb tljwn . 9no tljcrcupon fent= toitlj tbe 
 captaine ano tlje marcljants certaincofbismento cononct tljem to tlje toaters.fiDe,toitlj otljerta 
 bjing tbe toare frcmtlje pinnas to tlje court.SIUjo toljen tbep toerc reiurncoano tbe toares fcen, 
 tlje king greto to tijts enoe toitlj tlje mercljants to p?otuoe in 50 oapes tlje laDtng of al tljeir fijips 
 toitlj p:ppcr. Suo in cafe tljeir mercbauoi?es tooulo not erceno to tlje balue of fo mucb pcppcc 3 l;e 
 piomifeo to creoite tljem to tbeir nert rcturne,ano tljcrcupon fent tlje ccuntrp rounD about to ga« 
 tljerpepperjCaufiiigtljcfametobebjotigbttocljeccurt : <§>o tljat tottljin tlje fpace ofjocapctf 
 tljcp Ijaogatbcrco fourcfcojcttmnc of pepper, 
 31" tlje me.vacfeafon our men pnttlp bailing no rule cf t(jcmfclues,but cartiigtoitljctumcafure 
 
 of 
 
 «rBclSorfia. 
 
 Zoning 
 licat. 
 
 Benin. 
 
 Francirco. 
 Nich.Larr.barr. 
 
 ^hckingof 
 licninjjis court 
 
 Kcuermrc to« 
 luaiD tgc Sing. 
 
 •?r(je commna 
 litcation be* 
 tmcfiitli 
 DflBcntn anQ 
 cue men. 
 
 IPtjppcr. 
 
 <Tftc ftinga 
 
 i0cK69 0I!C 
 
 wen. 
 
M.ThoJVindam. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 13 
 
 of tlje fruits of the countrep , antj blinking tlje mine ot the IPalme tree a that o^oppccfj in tljnnglj: 
 from the cut oft(>e branches of tlje fame , ano in fuel) ertrcme bcate running coneimnllpfuto tbe 
 mater, not bfeo before tofuttjfunoen anDbebemencaltcratioHG(tbcn tlje tuljicbnotbing is mo?e 
 Dangerous) tterc tljerebp brought mtofbJcllmgs ano agues: infomtietjtljac tlje later time of tlje 
 pterecommtngon,caufeDtrjemtobtefomctimei3tbjfe$fomctune§40j 5 inaDap.Chen Win- 
 dampcrceiuingtbcti!mofthe3oDaieBtobccrpirrD,anDhismcnb^ • 
 
 in poQ to Captaine Pinteado, $ the cell to come awap aim to tarp na longer, li?ut Pmteado truth 
 tlje rc3, bjjotebacke to Ijim againc,certifpingljim of tlje great quantitp cf pepper tljev Ijab alrca* 
 oie gatljereb $ lookco oailp fo? rauctj mo?c: befiring Ijim furthermore to rtmebcr tlje great p jatfe 
 anoname tljep fljouiotirin.if tbep came home pjofpctouflp.antj tofjat fljameof tlje coutcarp;<DtXlttlj 
 lflljicbauflDereWindamnotfattrficD,anbmanpo^^ 
 
 Deb them againe either to come atoap fo^tljiDttljjOi ete cijjeaccneD to Jcat«c tljetn uehinoe» Z&fytn 
 Pinteado Ijcaro tbto anfiBerciljinking to pcrtoaoe him toith reafon , hec tooke Ijis tpap from tlje 
 court totoato tlje ujips,being conoucteo tljitljer UJitljmen bp tlje kings commanoement* 
 
 3In tlje mea«e feafon Windam all raging.bjake Dp Pimcados Cabin , b?akc open bis djeCfcs, 
 fpotieo fucbpjautttonof coin ITiUeo waters ano fuckets as he babpjouirjeo foj bis Ijealtlj, antilefc 
 tjim nothing, neither of his inflruments to faile bp.nojpet of bis apparel! : ana in the mranccime 
 falling llckcljimfelfe bico alfo.&Hbofe beatlj Pinteado comming aboo ja,lamtuteo as much as if -artic aratb of 
 he ban bene tlje aeercit frienb he has in tljje bjojlo, Uuc certainc of the mariners ano otljcr officers KX'nuu 
 bio fpic in Ijis face/ome calling him 3Ietoe, taping tljat Ije Ijao brought t(jcm tijttljcr to kill the m: ufeBorV 
 ano fome batting t^eirfwows at bim, makings maimer* 
 
 luou'bnccBSaujapjDefirebtbemto tarp that Ije might fetch i[jere(J of tbcmarcijaiits tljattoere 
 left at tlje court,tat tbtplaouib ndtgrant tljis requeuV£hen Deftteb Ije tljem to gtite Ijim t!;e fljip* 
 fcoat e,toitb as much of anolb faile as might ferue fo? tlje famc,pjiomiltng tljem thertoitb tb bgr ? g 
 Nicholas Lambert ano tlje rett into England,buc all toaS inbauie, 'iZCljcn fcs?otehe a letter to tlje ■grMg Lambert 
 court to tlje marcljants,infomting them of all tbe matter,anb pjomifing tljem sf 6oa lnouln leno J" aB * ^ndmn 
 Ijimlife to returnetoitljallhaaetofefcljtlje.QnD.tbustoas Pinteado keiptaOjipboojDagamaijtS faamwSbut 
 lmll,tb?ult among tbe hopes of tbe fljip.not bfeb like a manitip j pet like an honeS bop.but gtaa to ^J5m ai01 of 
 mtDfattourattbecookCBljanB.^henbepawebtbcp 5 leat(ingoneoftlje.trnjipshebinbtb'em,jBbitb °" ° n ' 
 ibep funkefo g lacke of mento carp hcr.after tljiSjtoithjn 6.0? 7 aapegfaplmg , Dpeb alfo Pmtea- 
 do fo?uerppenGuenetre^tljougbt that flrokebimtothebearkamantoGjtbptofrrttcanpp^itcr, ^toaijjof 
 anDmoftbtlelpbfeb^no of fcuenfcoieniencamebometoPbmmoudjfcarcelpfojtp.anrjof tljem p,ntcado - 
 manp cieb, ^no tljat no man fljoulo fufpect tljefe toojbs toljiclj 31 bane I'aiDe in commenuatinn cf 
 Pintcado.to be fpckcn upon fauottr otbcrUiife tfeeu trnetb,31 baue tljougljt gooo to apac Ijcrcunto 
 tlje copie of tlje letters toljiclj the king of Portugall ano tbe infant bis bjottjei - lu^otc brito b'.nt to 
 reconcile Ijim, at fucb time aS Upon tlje king Ijis iriatter.stjtfpleafure ( ano not for anp otljer crime 
 o^offence.asmapappeacebp tlje faiDlctt£rs)ljenjasonIpfojpouertieinfo?ccbtoeome into Biig- p;m „ doff „ 
 landjtabereljefirtt perflnaoco our merchants ta attempt tbe faio bopages to Guinea 4 T5ut as tu vntomm our 
 feingofPortugall too late repenteoljim tljat be IjaDfopuniujeb Pmteado, bpon malicious info;- ^"roS-' 1 "* 
 mationsoffuchaseHuieotljeittansgooBfOjtuneteucnfomapiEberebpappearetbatinfomecafrs flsc ° u ' n "" 
 eucn ILtons tljemfelues map either be Ijinuereb bptlje contcmptjO^ atocb bp tbe Ijelp of tlje yooje 
 mife, acco?Ding unto tbe fable of Efope. 
 
 The copie of jinthome jhm tPinteado his letters patents , whereby 
 
 the king of Portugallma.dc him knight of his houfc , after all his troubles and » 
 
 imprifonment,which,by wrong information made to the king , he had f tifteined of long 
 time,beingacthelaltdeliuercd,hiscaufe kuowen and manifelkd to the king by a^tay 
 Frierthe kings Confeflbr, 
 
 1%\}t king boegiuepou to bnserfianblojb Francis DeiTeafb.oneofmpcotmfellanaouerfeercf 
 mp ljoufe,that in cofioeration of tlje goou feruice Voljicb Anthony Anes Pinteado,tIjc fonnc of 
 Iohn Anes, Dbjelling in tlje totone callebtlje Port, Ijacb Done bnto me, mp Mill ano plcafure is, to 
 make t>im knigljt of mp ljonfe,aIIotoing to t>rm in prnGon feuen hunojeo w is monctljlp.anu cuerp ®" IWI •""•* 
 oap one alcapjeof barlp,as long as be keepetb a bo?fe,j to bepaw acrojoing to the ojoinacc of mp ten ajmigg. 
 Ijaufe. l^wuiQing aituaics that Ije mail receme but one marriage gifc^nb this alfo m fttclj cooiti- f l ^ " s baife 
 
 on.tbattbctimcbJhicljtsaccepteoinoucowinancejtojbibijingfucbmentomarrpfojgetcingfucb 
 cbtlojen as mtgljt fncceene tbem in this allobjancc, totjictr is 6 peres after tlje making of ctus pa= 
 tent, fijalbc firtt crpireu before Ije do marrp. 31 tberfo^e commanb pou to caufe tljis to be cntreb itt 
 tljebookc calico t|jc Matricula ofottc tjrjtilhoUi,bnber tbe titleof knigbts.^nb J»b«« it fe i"o entree, 
 
 Bbb let 
 
iz6 TheEnglifhVoyages,Nauigations, M.Tho.Windam. 
 
 let tbe Clarke of tlje Macricu!a,fo? tbe certeintie tberof, unite on tbe backftoe of tbus Aluala.oj pa' 
 tent, tbe number of tbe leafe toljerein ttjis our grant is entreo, mtyt\) none, let bim reroroe tbis 
 InjUtng Unto tbe fain Anthonie Anes Pinteado fo? bis tuarrant. 
 
 I Diego Henriques bauetojittentljis in Almarin tbe ttto ano tnientfe nap of September, in 
 tbepeereofourLott 1551. 3nu tljisbeneuolencetbe king gaue Unto Anthonie Anes Pintca- 
 do,tbe ftue aim tmentieoap of 3|wlp tbispjefentpeere. 
 
 The Secretaries declaration written vnder the kings grant. 
 
 YiDue Sj&ateflie batb uoucbfafeo,iu refpect ano tonCoerationof tlje good feruice of Athony A- 
 nes Pintcado , oiuelling in tbe pojt, ano fonne of Iohn Anes , to make bim knigbt of pout 
 boufe, toitb ojoinarie allowance, of feuen bunojeu reis penfion bp tbe monetlj, ano one alcaire of 
 barlep bp tbe oap,as long as Ijekeepctb a bo?fe : ano to be paine accojoing to tbe ottinanre of pour 
 tjoufe,Uiitb conoittDntbat bee (ball baue but one marriage gift: ano tbatnotUntbincbefpaceof 
 fire petes after tlje making of tljefe letters patents* "2tljc Secretaries note. £ntrco in tbe booke 
 
 of tbe Matricula. tfol. 68 3 , 
 
 Francifco de Siquera. 
 
 The copie of the letter of Dow Iflm.the infant , and brother to the 
 
 kin g of Portugal!, fent in to England to Anthonie ^yincs Pinteado. 
 
 ANthony Anes Pinteado,3j the infant tyottyt to tlje king.haue me beartilp commenoennnto 
 pou.Peter Gonfalucs is gone to feeke pou.oefiring to tying pou borne again into pour coun= 
 trcp. ano fo? tbatpurpofe Ije ^atlj totttj tjiftt a Tafe coouct foj pott^gcanteD bpefee feing, tjjat cfeer= 
 bp pou map freelp ana uritljout all feare come borne. 3iid altljougb tbe nieatber be foule ano Hop 
 tnie, pet fade not to come : fo j in tbe time tljat bis Spateflie batb giuen pou , pou map ooe manp 
 tljings to pour contentation ano gratifping tbe king.tobereof 3 tooulo be rt'gbt glao : ano to bnng 
 tbe fame to paffe.31 mill no all that lietb in me fo? pour p?ofite, 15ut ftnafmucb as Peter Gonfal- 
 ues mill make furtber oeclaration beteof Unto pou , 31 tap no mo?e at tbis pjefent. Smitten in 
 Lisbone,tbe eigbt nap of December. Anno 1552. 
 
 . in The infant Don Lettes. 
 
 Ail tbefe fojefaio to jitings 31 fate Uriner fealc.in tbe Ijoufe of mp frienn Nicholas Lie(c,toit& 
 uibom Pinteado left tbem, at bis Unfo?tunate oepartmgto Guinea. 15ut,nottoitbfranninp; 
 all tbefe friennlp letters ano fatre p?omtTes , Pinteado nurd not attempt to goe borne , ne itber to 
 keepecompamenutb tlje Portugals bis countrepmen , toitbout tljepjcfenccof onjer : fo?afmuch 
 as be ban fecrete anmonitions trjat tljep intenoen to flap ijim, if time ann place migbt baue ferueo 
 tbeirtoicken intent. 
 
 The fecond voyage to Guinea fet out by Sir George ftarne , Sir Iohn 
 rorke, Thomas Lok, Anthonie Hickman and EdwardCaftelin, in the ycrc 1 5 54. 
 The Captain e whereof was M. Iohn l>o^ 
 
 ' g) in tbe Sett Uoiage3l baue neclaren r acljcr tbe otter of tbe btffojp, t bra tbe courfe 
 ; oftbenauigatton, tobereof at tbattime Jcoulu baue no perfect information: fo 
 > in tbeoefcription oftrjts feconobopage ,mp cbiefe intent batb beene to ujeto tbe 
 ) courfe of tlje fame, acco?ning to tbe obferuation ann o?oinarie cuComt of tbe ma* 
 '. rincrs, ano as 31 receiuen it at tlje bannesof an erpert pilot, being one of tfce 
 ' cbicf c in this uopage , lubo alfo lnitlj bis otone (janos tojote a bnefe oeclaration of 
 tbe fame, as be founn ano trieo all tbings, not bp coniecture, but bp tbe art of fapling , ann tnttrn-- 
 ments perteining to tbe mariners facultie. jlSot tberefo?e atTuming to mp felfe tbe commennatt" 
 one one unto otber, neitber fo boln as in anp part to cbange 0? ortjeruHfe nifpofe tbe o?oer of tbis 
 topage fo toell obferuen bp art ano erperience, 31 &ane tbougbt goon to fet fe?tb tbe fame, in fucb 
 fo?c ana pb?afe of fpeecb as is commonlp ufen among tbem, ann as 31 receiuen it of tlje fain jpilot, 
 as 31 baue fain. 3£ake it tberefo?e as follottetb, 
 3j n tbe peere of out tott 1 5 5 4the eleuentbna? of ©ctober,toe oepaaeu tberiuer of Qfamot 
 
 toitij 
 
zZMLJohn Lok* Traffiques and Difcouenes. 15 
 
 toitbtb?eegooDipfijips43ecnccaIieotue©rmuic,au^ 
 
 tbcrC(ilIcDtl)eBarcholomcw,anjipofcbel)ttrtienofn;nftie,tl)etl)irDttaBt{)ClohnEuangelift, tolelmanot 
 a Bjip of feuen fcoje tutme. ?6Jitlj tbe fapo (bips antj ttoo pinneltes (uiljcrcf tljeone toas tyotoneo '^,{ oh0 Euan " 
 011 tlje coalf cf England) toe toent fa? toaco on our bopage , ano ttapeo at Dou« fourtecnc Da pes, £! ' 
 ffilte ftaieo alfo at Rie tb?ee o;t foute Dapes. Sgtojcouer lafl of all tue toucbeo at Dartmouth. 
 
 ©beftrfibapofji&urmberatntneoftljeciockeacnigbt.Dcpa^^ 
 lue fet off tlje &tart,uearing ^outljtoeU all tljat nigljt in tlje fea, ano tbc nerc oap all oap,ano tbe 
 nert uw;bt alter, MuilltbetbiroDapoftijefainuioiiecijabout iiooue, making out Soap gooD.j,Dio 
 rumietljjecfco?e leagues, 
 
 ©be i/DapintbemoMimg toe tjaeGgljcoFtlje 311c of Madera, tabid) Dotl; rile to^imtfjac <rtj t gr» f 
 commetb in tbe ifto jtbnojtljeattpart bpjigbt lano in tlje toett part cf tt,nno ueip Ijiglj : ano to tlje mdv >- 
 ^outljfotttljcart aloto long lano,anD a Ionp;paiut,toiclja faoolt tljojoto tbemiDDcttoficttatiDinj 
 iu ttoo anD tbirtie Degrees : ano in tljc (Klefl part, manp fpjiiip of toatr r running ootonc from 
 tbe niotintfluie, nan manp tohite Seises like bnto co j ne fietos, f foins vurjicc Ijoufes to tf;e <g>oui(j= 
 sad part of it : ano tlje toppe of tlje imuntaine flj2to>eel} berp raggcb, if psu map fee it , ano iu tlje 
 j9o? tbcatt part tljcre is a bigljt 0} bap as tbougfj it mere a Ijarbo joto : SUfo in tbe faio part, tljere 
 is a rotke a little Di3aiice from tlje tfaaare, aim ouer tlje fapo bight pou fljall fee a great gappe in 
 tijemountame. 
 
 ©be ipoap at ttoelue of the clocke toe Ijao Gjtjt of tfje ifTc of palmcsf ano Teneriffa ano tfje srheateof 
 Canaries, ©be 31Ie of Palme rifctb rottim, 9 lietlj S>outfjeatt ano jftoj tbtoefi, anb tljc ^ojttjtueK ™™f& 
 part is lotoeQ. 3!u tbe :§>outb is a rotino bill otter ibe Ijeao lano, ano another rouno bill abotte cijae 9i|)ec«Lries: 
 in tbe lano, ©berearebettoeenetlje^outbeattparcof tbe3HeofMadera$the jftojtljtoeflparr ^ roinMa d CT , 
 of t|e 3]leofPalmefeueuanbfiftpleagues»©lji931fle of Palme lietlj in eight ano ttoentp Degrees, tot^jatot 
 3tiD our courfe from Madera to tbe 31le of Palme mas g>outb ano §>outlj ano bp (TSJett, fo tbat ^ alnws - 
 DjeljaOftgljt Of Teneriffa anDOftljeCanaries, ©be S>OUtijcaR part Of tlje ile Of tbe PaIme,$tl)C 
 
 jftajtbnojtbcatt of Teneriffa lie :SaoutljeattanD,>T23?tbtoett J anD bettocene tljem are 20 leagues* 
 Teneriffa anOtbcgteat Canary talUD Gran Ca,naria,anDlbe3£'UCpartofForteuentura ttanbe p " n< ; a ° !irai 
 in feuen aim ttocntpeegrees ano a ijatfe.Gomera is a f aire 3!3ano but berp raggeD,$ lietlj WXeQ-- cje jS'of 
 foutbtoett offTeneriffa.anD toljofoeuec toil come bettoeene tbemttoo 31laims matt come g>outtj Coma *' 
 ano bp €att, aim in tlje iS>outbpart of Gomera is a totoneano a goob robe in tlje faio part of tlje 
 SJlanb: anb it Canbetb in feuen aim ttoentie Degrees ano tbjee terces. Teneriffa is an bigb lano, T«n«ifl», 
 toitlj a great bigb pike like a fugat Ioafe,anD bpon tlje fain pike is fnoto tljjougbout all tbe tofjole &noto ' 
 peere, Ino bp reafonof trjat pike it map be knotoen aboue all other 3!Iaims , anbtbere toe toere 
 lecalmeb the ttoemicth bap of jftauember , from lire of tlje clocke in tbe moaning, bntill foute of 
 tbe clocke at afternoone, 
 
 ©bettooaimttocnttetlj oapof jflottember, tamer tlje ©ropikeof Cancer tlje !§>ttnnegoct& 
 botone 5Elett aim bp §>outb. 21pon tlje coatt of Barbarie Sue ano ttoentie leagues bp !5o?tb ^«?«ii of 
 Cape blankest tlj?ee leagues off tbe maine, tbere arefifteene fabomes ano goob ujellpgrouno, c^BUnkt 
 ano fanoe among ano no ttreames, aim ttoo fmall planus ttanbing in t too ano ttoentieoegreeis 
 anoatetce, 
 
 jf rom Gomera to Cape de las Barbas i& an IjUttDjeo leagues, anD our coutfc toas ©out^ 
 ano bp GEatt. ©be faio Cape flanoctb in ttoo ano ttoentie ano a balfe : ano all tljat coatt is flatte, 
 Crteene 0? feuenteene fanomc Decpe,S)euen 0} eigbtleagties off from tbe riuer del Oro to Cape ^ t tim 
 de las Barbas, tljere bfe manp Spaniardes ano Portugals totraoe fo? filing, oaring tbe mo- del0to - 
 net^of|3ouemberjano all tljat coatt is berplotolanos, 9lfotoe toent from Cape de las Bar- 
 bas &out!jfotubtoett, ano Sioutbtoett ann bp ^otttb , till toe bjougbt our felucs in ttoentie dc« , 
 grees ano a tjalfe^rectoning our felues feuen leagues off: ano tljere toere tbe leatt fljoles of Cape 
 Blanke, 
 
 ©ben toe toent ^outlj bntill toe bmugljt our felues in 1 3 Degrees, reckoning oar felues fine 
 aim ttoentie leagues off. ano in 1 $ Degrees toe oio reare tbeCrofficrs, ano toe migbt bauc reareo m^r^ffis ' 
 tbem fooner if toe Ijao lookeo fo? tbem, ©Ijep are not rigljt a crofTe in tlje monetlj ofj/2o tiember, c ° 
 
 bp rcafon tljat tlje nigljts are ujo^t tljere, )J2euertbcIeu"e toe bao tlje figbt of tbem t&e 29 oap of tlje 
 faio monetlj at night. 
 
 ©beflrtt of December,beingin 1 3 Degrees toe fet our courfe !§>outlj anD bp <£att, bntill tlje 
 fourtboap of December at 1 2 of tlje clocke ttjefame Dap. ©ben toe toere in nine Degrees ano a 
 terte 1 reckoiHngourfelucS5oleagtiesofftbelljoIesioftberiuercallcDRioGrande,being2Etett- RioGrwirf 
 foutljto ett off tbem, tbe toljicb ujoles be 30 leagues long. 
 
 ©Ijefourtb of December toe beganrse to fet our courfe &>outljeatt, toe being in CretregreeiJ 
 anbabaife. 
 
 Bbb z ©be 
 
Cape McfurAcTo, 
 •Eiic riiict oi 
 Sella. 
 
 32,8 The Engliili Voyages, NauigationSj M.John Lok^ 
 
 %i)C nifttlj Dap of December toe fee our courle «£flftfoucljeaft : tbe fourteenth Dap of the fapoe 
 monctb toe fct guv caurfc «£aft, toe being in fitie Degrees auo a ljalfe,rechontng our fclucs tbtrtp 
 ano fire leagues from tbe coafi of Guinea. 
 
 Cljc nineteenth of tbe faio-mcnrtb toe fct our courfe Cafiano bp ji2o?tb, reckoning our fclucs 
 ft ucntcme leagues Difiant from Cape Mcnfurado, the faiD Cape being £Eafinojthcafto[ bs,ano 
 trje riticr of Sefto being; €au\ 
 
 ^tjc one anDttoentitboapoftljc fato rtionctbjtoefclltottf) Cape Menfurado to tijeSoiittieaR, 
 about ttoo leagues off.CbisCape map be eafilp knotoen.bp rcafon y tbc rtfing of it islike a $>o£' 
 pofe-beaD. Slfo totoaro tlje Ssoutljeaa there arc tbjec trees , tohe reef the Catfcrmofi tree is the 
 higheft, ano tlje mtWflemnS fs like a Ijie flacke,? the gjoutljermoft like unto a gibctianD upon tlje 
 matne are fottre o? fine high billes riGng one after another like rounD bommocks 0} btliocks.3n6 
 tlje &outbeafloftbetbjectree0,b?anDtcrntoife: ano all the coafi along is tohitefano. Chefaio 
 Cape fianoeth toithin a litlc in fire Degrees, 
 
 Cbe ttoo ano ttoentietb of December toe came to tlje riucr of Seflo, g remaincDtbere bntill 
 tljcnine ano twentieth Dap ofthrraiomonetb. !j)ere toe thought it befi to fenobefojebS tbe pin* 
 neffe to tlje riuer Dulce , calico Rio Dulce, that thep might haue.thc beginning of tlje vnatket be= 
 fo^etrjccommingofttjelohnEuangelift. 
 
 St tlje riucr of Seflo toe bao a tunne of •xrat'nes. Chis riucr fianoeth in fire Degrees, lacking a 
 terceffrom tlje riucr of Sefto to RioDult- arc fiueanDttoentie leagues. Rio Duke ftanoetlj in 
 fiae Degrees anD a ha'.fc. Clje riuer of Sefto ts eafie to be lutotocn, bp reafon there is a IeDge of 
 rockes on tbc &outljeafi part of t be KoDe.&no at tlje entrtng into tlje Ijauen are fiueo } fire trees 
 tljat bearcnoleaueS.'ChiS is ageoD harbojotojbut berpnaroto at $ entrance into theriuer.djere 
 ts alfo arockcm theljaueas moutbrtgbt as pouenter.Stno all that coaffbettoccne Cape de Mon- 
 re,ano cape de las Palmas ,licth g>outljeafi f bp Caff J2o?tbtoefl t| bp 2Uctt, being tb?ce leagues 
 off tbc ujo^e.ans pott ftjal Ijaue in fomc places rocks ttoo leagues off: anD that.bettoeene tlje riuer 
 
 Of Sefto anD Cape de las Palmas. 
 
 ■Bettocenr tlje riuer of Sefto ano tbe riuer Dulce are fiue ano ttoentie leagues:? tlje higftlami 
 that is bettoecne tbcm botb,is calleD Cakeadoibeing eight leagues from the riuer of Sefto. Qlna 
 to tlje $§>autheafitoarDe of it ts a place calleD Shawgro, anD an other calleD Shyawe o? Shauo, 
 tobere pou map get frefij toaccr. 2Dff tbis Shyawe lietb a leoge of rockes: anD to tlje feoutbeafi* 
 toaro lictbaheDlano calleD Croke, XiettoeeneCakeado anD Croke arcnineojtenleagues, %o. 
 tlje <§>oucheatttoarD off, is a hatbojoto calico &, Vincent : Slight oucc agrtnft g>. Vincent , is 
 a rccke bnoer tbe toater,ttoo leagucsit a balfe off the fbo?c.^o tbe Soutljeafttoaro of tljat rocke 
 pou fijal fee an ifiano about thjee o? foure leagues off: tljis iflatiD is not pad a leagueoff tlje ffjoje, 
 Co tbe Caflfoutljeatt of tlje tflanD.is a rockc tljat lietb aboue tlje toater,ano bp tljat rccke goetbin 
 tbe riucr Dulce, tobtcb pou fljall kno to bp tbe faiD riucr ano rccke,Cbr 3r2o jthtoefi fiDe of tbe ha* 
 ucn is flat f ano, ano tbe §>outheafl fioc t^erof is like an 31flanD,anD abate plot teitljout anp trees?, 
 anD fo is it not in anp other place, 
 
 3intl;eRoDepoufballriDeintljirteeneo?foureteenefa6cmieS,gooDoa^anDranD 3 beingt{je 
 mstk?s of tlje Rodc to bjtng ttje aflano ano tlje j!2o?trjeatt lanD togetljer,ano here toe ankereD the 
 lad of December. 
 
 dje tljito Dap of3Ianuarie,toe camefromtbe riuer Dulce. 
 
 H5ote that Cape de las Palmas is a faice bighlatiD, but fomeleto places thereof bptrjetoater 
 fiDelookelikereDchffistoith tobite drakes like bietoapes, acable length a piecc.anD tljis is the 
 ffiafl part of tbe cape. Cljts cape is tlje <§>outhermoft lanD in all the coafi of Guinea, anD fianoeth 
 in foure Degrees anD a tcrce. 
 
 djecoattf;omCape delasPalmas toCapcTrepointes,oide Ires Puntas,isfatre? Cleare 
 toitljoutrockcojotljcr Danger. 
 
 Ctoentie anD fiue Icaues from Cape de las Palmas, the lano ts btgbcr then in anp place, bntill 
 
 toCCometoCape Trepcinces:9nD about tcnlcagttes before pou come to Cape Trepointcs, the 
 lanD rifctbflilUiigljei; ano higher, bntill pou cometo Cape Trepointes, 9lfb before pou come to 
 the faiD Cape, after other 5 leagues to tlje j]2o?tljtoeff part of it,tbere is certaine bjokrn grotwD, 
 toitljttoo great rockcs,anDtoitl;intljem in the bigbtofa bap.is a cafflecallco Arra,pertciu:ngto 
 tbekmgafPortugall.JJou fballknotoitbptljefaiDrockestbatlieoffit: fo^ there is none fucb 
 fcomCape de las Palmas to Cape Trepointes. ChlS coafl Uctfj €&& anD bp JiSojtl), <2kfl anO 
 bpgmutb. jTrom Cape de las Paimasto the faiD calllc is fottrcfeo?e ano fiftccne leagues. 9nB 
 the coafi ltctlj from tlje faiDcafileto tbe QLleflermofi point of Trepoyntes ,g>outbeafi anD bp 
 ^oiitb, .tftojtbb}eGat'D bp <^o?tb. 3ffo the SBeficrmoft point of Trepoyntes is alotolanDe, 
 Iptng Ijalfea mile out in thefca : ano upon tbe inncrmsll nccke,to tbe lanD-toarD,is a tuft of trees, 
 
 ano 
 
 artiftinctof 
 
 Sefto. 
 Rio Dulce. 
 
 Cape de Monte. 
 
 Cape de Us Pal- 
 mas. 
 
 -Srtielantjof 
 Cakcado. 
 
 Sluuo. 
 
 Croke. 
 S.Vincents gap 
 
 bosotu- 
 
 ^Ttieriucc 
 Dulce. 
 
 CapedeUr 
 Palmas. 
 
 "Srfie court Of 
 Guinea. 
 
 ©he cafHc of 
 Ana. 
 
*yVL John Lok^ TraffiquesandDifcouenes. Z9 
 
 anD there iue a'rriueo the eleucntb Dap cf 3anuarp, 
 
 %\)t i2Dapof3|anuarp tot cametoatotone calico SammaojSamua,being S leagues from ^^ oto " sof 
 Cape Trepointes toUltltO (£attilO?tljeatt. 25Utoecne Cape Trepointcs anD tljC totone of Samua """*' 
 is a great Icoge of rockes a great toap otic in tljefea. Jfllc continueD fourc Dapes at that tCovune, 
 arm the Captaine thereof toouloneeos haue a plcoge a Cboje, But tobcn tljep recctueD tlje plcoge, mt piebg* 
 tljep kept btm aill.atio tooulD traflikc no mo?c,but Qjotofftljetc ojoiuanceat bS. 1Ebcp haue ttoo Y^'Va^i- 
 ojtbjee pieces ofc?Dinattce anD no moje. . yfcin. 
 
 S.!je firteciub oap of tbcfaio month toe maoe reckoning to come to a place cafleD Cape Cotea, c 3p ecor«. 
 totjete captame Don IohnDtoelletlj, tobofemencntertameDbs frirnoip, Cbts Cape Coreats 
 
 foUCC leagues «EattUjnrOC Of tljC CaftlC of Mina , otljcrtoifc Calico La mina.O? Calkllo cle mina, Mimwut* 
 
 tobereincarriueD tljciSDapaftbemonetlj, IjjerettientaDe fait ofall out cloth, failing ttooo? mngtome 
 
 ^be 26oapoftbef3mcroattcibtoetoeigbeDanker, ano Departed from thence to tlje 'vjrinirie, 
 toljicb tods fetien leagues <£a£rvu3vbof us.toijece Qjefoloe bet toares.'Sbcn tljep of the Cririitie 
 toilleo lis to go tEafitoaw of ttjat eight aj nine leagucs-jo felt part of tbeir tonre's,in a place calico p««ow. 
 Perecow, ana another place nanicD Perecow Grande, being the Caftermofi place of both tljcfe, m^kr^S 
 toljicb pnu fljal knoto bpa gf eat rouno hitl nerre irnto it,nanteD Mote Rodondo.lping (KLlcittoaro 
 from it, anD bp the toatcr Goe arc maup bigbpalme trees, .from hence bid toe fee fojtlj ijontctoaro 
 the thirteenth Dap oftfcbjuarp.^plico bp alongtt till toe came tottbinfutcno? eight leagues to 
 Cape Trepointcs, &bout eight of the ciocke tl;e 1 5 Dap at aftcruoone , toee oio caQ about to fca= 
 toarD : anD bctoare of the currants, fo? the? toilt oeceiue pou foje. ffiftbofoeuer (hall come from ^6* entrants, 
 the coaft of Mina hometoarD, let htm be ftire to make his toap gooD WlcS , bntill |e rcckcri hith' jf t om m; m 
 felfc as farre as Cape de las Palmas, toljcrc the currant fettetb altoapes to the €afitoato. 3no Bomeiuaro. 
 toitljin ttoentie leagues CaGteato of Cape de las Palmas is a riuer calleo be los Potos, tobcre Rio de i osPetol> 
 poumap hauc freflj toater anD balatt enough, ano plentp of iuojp o?€lepbants teeth. ®bis riucr 3><orj. 
 flanoeth in foure Degrees, ano almofl ttoo terces. 3no toijen pou reckon pour fclfe as farre fijoc vlimit * 
 as Cape de las Palmas,beiag in a Degree^ i Degrceano a balfe,pou map go IOett,attD Mated bp 
 Jfrojtb, toncill pou come in trjjec Degrees : ano then pou map go eaJeCnojtbrueff , anD jSojtbtoeffi 
 anD bp (KHeir, vmtill pou come in Sue Degrees, ano then J2aitbtoeu\ 3nD in fire Degrees, toemct 
 jiSojtberlp totnees, ano great ruffling of tibes. Sno as toe could iuoge, the currants toent to tlje 
 33o?tbno;ithtot:u\ furthermore bCttoeerie Cape de Monte, anD Cape verde , go great currants <ffHrr«nt0i 
 tohich Deceiuc manp men, 
 
 Wqz 22 Dap of Sp?iU,toe tocre in 8 Degrees ano ttoo terces : ano fa toe ran to tlje 3i2c jtfjtoeff, 
 fcauing the toitiaeat jlaojtbeaft" ano i£aiInD?theatt, anD fometitnes at CaB, bntill toe toere at 1 8 
 negrecg anD a terce, iahtch toas on S^ap Dap. 3nD fo from 1 8 anD ttoo terces,toe baa tlje toinoc at 
 <£att ano UUattno ltljeall, anb femetimes at <£aSfoutbeaff : ano then toe reckoneb tlje SlflanDs of 
 Cape verde ©attfoutheaflefbs, tec iuoging our felueste be 48 leagues off, 3nDin2oanD2i 
 Begrces , toe Ijao tlje teinoe mo?e ^allrrip to the <&outljtoarD then before. 3nD fo toe ran to the 
 JI3o?tijtoett anD |i5o?thnojthtoett,anD fometimes JiSoitlj anD bp ©Elett ano |(3o?th,bntill toe came 
 into 3 1 Degrees, toljcrc toe reckoner our felues aljuno?eD ano fourefco^e leagues !§>outhtoett 
 ano bp !§>outh of the 3iflantj de los FIores,a«o there toee met toitb tlje toinoe at ^outljfoutljeaffi m< m u 
 anDfct ourcourfcJI2a?thcair. *' ^*' 
 
 3n 23 Degrees toe bao the toinoe at tlje &outlj ano^outhtoeJf.attti then toefctoorrotirfc 
 Jiajtljnoithealt, ano fo toe ran to 40 Degrees, ano then toe fee our cdurfe if3o?tbea(J , tlje toinoe 
 being at the &>outbtoeff, ano bauing the 3 flc de Flores (ffiaft of bs s ano 1 7 leagues off. 
 
 31n tlje 4 1 begrces toe met toith the toinoe at tSojtbeall, ano fo toe ran jT3fljtbtoeQtoarD,trjctt 
 toe met toitlj the toinoe £22euttojtbtoeft" , ann at the ffiHctt toithin 6 leagues, running totoaro the 
 j!3o?thtoe!T,anD tbcu toe caff about,ano lap jf2o?tbeaff,bntill toe came in 42 Degrees, tohere toe 
 fetoureotirfei£aeno?thcaii s iuogingtlje31leofCoruo<i)outbanobpffileliofbs,annfire ano mtmot 
 tbirtfe leagues Diflant from bs. CoiUD - 
 
 3 rcmcmli?ancc, that the 2 1 cap of S^ap toe communeo toitlj Iohn Rafe,anDhethoughtitbelI 
 togoejl5ojtheafl,anoiuDgeD bimfeltc 25 leagues <£afltoarDto the 31fle de Flores , anD in 35? 
 begreesauDabalfc. 
 
 j!2ote,tljatoitthefourt()oapof g>eptember,bnoernineoegrees,toelott tlje figtjtof tlje jt3oitfj pi" 1 ' ^n 
 
 » alw ' BftfttJ^Oitll 
 
 JQote a!lo,tbatin45Dcgrces,t&ecompaireisbarieo8 Degrees to tlje a^Icfl* ""«• 
 
 3tem 3 in 40 Degrees tlje compaffc DiD barie 1 y Degrees in the toljole. fm bomb 
 
 Sltem, in ^ o Degrees ano a halfc, tlje compaffc is barieo 5 Degrees to the <KBeu\ bAttt - 
 
 'Be it alfo in memojp that ttoo 0? tbjee oaieu befo?e toe came to Cape de 3 puntas,t^pinnetre 
 
 Bbb 3 toens 
 
(Ole. 
 
 ^Itetotoiitof 
 
 Samma. 
 
 ©of B ffliltc 
 I)Illlt>jEtl) 
 Uifig'K. 
 CPfanies. 
 
 UKjj. 
 
 eicptiant. 
 
 330 The Engliih Voyages.^ alligations, M. John Locke, 
 
 uisnt alongH tfje fljo?e, tombing tofell fome of out toares,sno fo toe came to anker tlj?ee 0? foure 
 leagues <*5Mi ano bp<«>outb of the Cape de 3 puntas, toljere tec If ft ttjc ^Ermitic* 
 
 Chen our pimtelTc came aboojo toitb all our mcn,tbe pinneffe alfo tooke in moje toares. djep 
 tolo me mo?eoucr Chat tbcp tooulo goe to a place tobere the Pnmrofc toas, ano bao rccetuco much 
 golo ac the firflbopage to thefeparttes, ano toloe me furtljermo?e that it toas a gooo place: but 31 
 fearing a b?igantinc that mas then topon tlje coafi.oio tocp ant) fdloto them, ano left the Crinitie 
 about foure leagues offfrom bs, ano there toe rooe againfi that totone foure napes : fo that Mar- 
 tine bpijisorunc ncRrc.anoauent of fome of tljeCommiu"ionerii!tl)attucre in tbc pinVielTe, tocnt 
 a fljoare to tf;e totone, ano there Iohn Bcrin toent to trafique from bs, being tb?ce miles offtraH* 
 
 qtting at an Other totone, Che totone is calico Sarhma 0? Samua ; fo? Samma anD Sammaterra, 
 
 aretlje names of the ttoo firfi totones , tobere toe Bio cra&quc fo? goto, to tlje }fro?tljcaft of Cape 
 
 de 3 puntas. ( ' 1 ' 
 
 Jfiitberto rontintietbtbe courfe of tlje bopage, as it toas Bcfcribcobp tlje fepte pilot, J9otoe 
 tljcrefo?e 31 totll fpenfce fometohat of t|je countrcp ano people, ano of fuch things as are bjougfjc 
 from thence. 
 
 Cljep brought fromthence at the laflboiage foure fjtmo?cb pounotoeightanooooeofgolo.of 
 ttoo ano ttoemie carrats ano one graine in fincneffe: alfo fire ano tljt'rtie but0 of graines, j about 
 ttoobunojeo anotiftp Clepbantsteethofallquantities.SDf tbefe 31 faui $ meafureo fome of nine 
 fpans in length, as tbcp toere crookep, Sbome of tbtm toere as bigge as a mans thtgh aboue tlje 
 fcnee,ano toepeo about fourcfco?e ano ten pouno toeigbt a peccr* Chep fap that fome one bath bra 
 feene of an buno?eB an'o fiue tj ttoemie pounD toeigbt, ©tljer the re toere tobicb tlje p call the tcctb 
 of calucs, of one ? ttoo 0? tb?ee peeres, tobereof fome toere a foot ano a balfc,fcmc ttoo foot.anB 
 fome jo? mc jr,acco?ping to p age cf tlje beaff.Cbefe great teeth 0? tttf&s groto in t&c bpper iato 
 Bonmeroaro, ano not in tbe nether tato bptoaro.tobercin trje painters ano arras too?kers arc be* 
 ceiueo, 9t this lad bopage teas b?ougbt from Guinea tbe beau of an Elephant , of fucb huge big* 
 neffe.tiiat onelp tlje bones 0? crane in ttjereof, befioe tbe netljer tabo gt great tufhs, toetghpo about 
 ttoo buno?co toeigbt, anb iaas as mucfj as 31 cowl&tticH lift from tlje grouno : tnfomticb tljat con* 
 Coering alfo herewith tbe toeight of troo fuclj great teet!;, tbe nether tarn mitb tbeletfe tectlj.the 
 tongtte.tbe great hanging eare&tlje bigge $ long fnout jpjtroonfee, toith all tlje fleuj,b?air.es,anB 
 f kinne.toith all other parts belonging to the toljole hcat^m mp iuogement it ecu in toetgh Iitle leflTe 
 then fiue huno?et> toetgljt. Cbis fjeato Dtucrs ha«B feene in the boitfe of the too?thp marchant fie 
 Andrew Iuddc, tobere alfo 31 fam it, ano beljeln it, not onlp toitb mp booiIpepes ; but much mo?e 
 toitlj the epesof mp minrj ano fpirit.confiDeriug bp the toojftc, the cunning anD toifebome of the 
 too?ftemaider : toitbout tohich conliDeratton,tl;e fight of fuclj Orange ano tooncerfttll tijtngs maj? 
 rather fecme cttriofitics,tbeH p?ofitable contemplations. 
 
 Che^l'-Pfant^btcfofartij callan©liphant)ts thebiggeflef allfotirc footebbcaffs,hfefo?e« 
 legs arc longer then his hinDer,he hath ancles in the lotoer part of his bincer leggcs.anb fiue toesf 
 on bis f eete bnDitiiDco.ljis fnout 0? tronfce is fo lcng,ann in fucb fo?me, tljat it is to him in tlje ftcao 
 of abanm fo? be neither eatctbno? n?tniteth but bp b?ingtng W tronfec to fjtss moutb,thertb)itlj ht 
 Ijelpetlj bp bis ^aftcro?feeeper,theretoitbhfouerti)?otoftbtrccg,TPeGoehisttoo great tuffes.hc 
 hath on cuerp fioc of Ifis mouth foure teeth, toheretoitb he cateth ano grtnocth his meate: either of 
 thcfeteetljarealmoliafpan in length, as tbep groioaUngintIjetato,ann are about ttoo inches 
 in bright, ana almofi as much i« thicfenetTe. 'Sttie tuf fees of the male are greater then of the fie* 
 male: bra tongue is berp IitIe,ano fo farre in his moutb,that it cannot be feene : ef all beafles the? 
 are moft gentte ano tractable, fo? bp manp funo?p toapes tljep are taugljt,ano Doe bnoerfiano j in* 
 fomttclj tljat tljep Icarne tocoe ouetjono? to a feing, ano are of quicfee fenfe ano fijarpenefleof toit. 
 SBhen the male hath oncefeafoneo the female,lje neuer after toticheth her, Che male elephant 
 Hutch ttoo huno?ethpeeres,o? at the leaft one huno?eo ano ttoentie: the female almofi as Iong,but 
 thefloureoftbeirageisbuttb?cefco?epere0,asfometo?ite. chep cannot fuffertomtcr 0? coin; 
 tbep loue riuers.ano totll often go into t hem bp to the fnout, toheretoitb thep bloto ano fnuffe,anB 
 plap intlje toatcr i but ftoimme tljep cannot, fo? thetoeightof tljcirbooies* Plinieano Soline 
 to?ite,tljat thep bfe none aoulterie. if thep happen to meetc toith a man in toiloernefie being out 
 of the toap,gentlp tbcp toil go bcfo?e him, jb?ing him into the plains toap.Sopneo in battcl.thep 
 Ijaue no fmall refpect bnto tljem that be toounoeo:fo? tljep b?ing tljem that are hurt 0? toearp tnta 
 the miODlc of the armp to be oefenoco ; tljep are maoe tame bp o?inking the iuife of barlep. Chep 
 Ijaue continual toarre againfl D?agons,tohichDefire their Wooo,becaufe it is berp colo: ano ther* 
 fo?etheDiagon Iping atoaite a6the€Iepljantpaircthbp,toinDethhistatIe (being of erccebing 
 length) about tljebinoe r legs of tlje (Elephant, 9 fo (taping him, tlj?utteth his fceao into his tronfee 
 ano ethaufietb bis b?eatb,o? elfe bitcth bim in the care.toherunto he cannot reach toitlj his tronfee, 
 
 ano 
 
 Sir Andrew 
 
 IiiJJe. 
 
 •ar^ccoritniK' 
 
 )'!.:!I0IT3 Of 
 
 ©tj« 'atkripti* 
 en in': pioj>:r= 
 WSofrJje<»Is> 
 pliant. 
 
 ©cliatc tit* 
 ttumte t|ic 
 "SItphant « 
 sijc SJjagon. 
 
ulA/L John Lo^. TraffiquesandDifcouenes. 331 
 
 ano toljeiuije <£lcpljaiu ttiatctljfatiu.ije fall£tl)Dotone on tljc fetpt nt,ljemg noli) full of blooD,anD 
 tottI)tbcjJoir«ot"bi3boDtib?cafeet^ljtm:fotlj«l)tBolime blooo toitlj tlje Wood of tlje (Elephant 
 runne tb out of tjint mingles tosetljectoljir^ being colons congealeD into that fubftance tobich tlje 
 apothecaries call Sanguis Diaconis^tJjatis) Djapns blooO.otljetUiife calleoCinnabaiis.al* Sanguis bra- 
 tljougb there be another kinoc of Cirsnabaris,commonlp calleb ginopcroj &ermilion,U)bicb tlje clnnabari*. 
 ^atntersufe in certaine coloms, 
 
 Cljep are alfo oftljfce kmb's,as of tlje sparujes,fheplatnes,anb tbemountaines.no lefTe biffe- ^i"« fc<"t>» 
 ring in couott tons, PhiloUratus uj»tcti),cbat as much as tlje <£lcpljant of Libya in bigncs pafTetb ot ' eu ^ ims ' 
 tlje Ijojfeof Nyfca, fo much Doe tlje eicpbants of India erceeb tljem of Libya: fa? tlje (Elephants 
 of India,rome uaue bene feene of the height of nine cubits: tlje otljec no fo greatlp fearc tljefe,tljat 
 tljcp bare not abioe tlje fight of tljem. ©f the Indian Clepljantsonelp the males IjauetufkesMt 
 oftljem of Ethiopia ano Libya both kinoes are tufkeB: tljcp are of outers heights, as of ttoelue, 
 tbirtrene.anb foutceene dodrants, euerp dodrant being a meafure of nine inches. §>ometo;ttte 
 that aneicpbant is bigger then cljjeelBtloe Open o? iSufftg.'SLljep of India are black,o? of p co- 
 lour of a moufe,but tljep of Echiope dl Guinea are bjotone : tije bine oj fkinne oftljem all isucrp 
 baro.an&nHtbout Ijaiteo? bnflles : tljeirearcs atettoo dodrantsb?oao,anb their cpes berp litlc. 
 jJDur men fauo one banking at a riuct in Guinea, as tljcp faileo into tije Iano. 
 
 ffif other pjoyf rties $ conoittons of the Clepbanc.as of t!jcirmaruet(ousoocilttic,of tljeir fight 
 ano bfc in the toartes,of their generation ano cbaflttie.toben tbep mere firft feene in tlje Cheaters 
 aiii>triiiir.p!)rsoftbeRoraanes,bouitljeparetakeng:tamet) 1 antiuibentbepcafltljeirtufks,n)tth 
 the bfe of the fame in medicine, uiljo fo oefiretb to knoto,Iet him reaoc Plime.in tlje eight booke of 
 •jisinturaUburojp, l£)e alfo tojitctlj in bisttoelfcbooke,tbat in oloe time tbep mace manpgooblp i®oimot 
 too^es of iuojpoj Clepbants tectb^astables.treffela^oflcs of boufes,rai!es,laucu"csfo?totn» auol ' e ' 
 BBUW8,iinagcs of tljeir goos,an'ooiuers otber things of tuo jp,botb colourco ano bncoloureo.ano 
 tTitermirt toith funojp kinoes of precious toooos, as at this cap are maoe certaine cbaires,lutes, 
 anbbirginals, 3£bep ban futljplcntp thereof inoIbetime,tfjat (asfaras 3 remember) Iofephus 
 iuvtctij, that one of tlje gates of Hierufalemnias calico Porta Eburnea,(tbat is)tbe3iuojp gatr» 
 ^ZCbc to ueiKfle thereof aas fo much effcemeb,t!jat ittoa? thought to repjefenttbe natural fatre« 
 neUe of mans f ktune : infomuclj that fuclj as toent about to let foojtb(o? ratljer corrupt) naturall 
 leautie toulj colours ano pamtmg,tocrc repjoueo bp tbtspj;ouerbr,Ebur atramentocandefacere, 
 that ts,3Eo make iucjp toljitetoitb inke. %\jz Ipoetsalfo oefcribmg tlje faire necks of beautiful! 
 fciegms,C3ll tljem Ebumea colIa,tbat is, 31uojp necks.ano to Ijaue fato tljus much of elephants: 
 ano Juojpjitmapfuffice, 
 
 JSoto therefore 31 toill fpeakefometobatoftljcpeoplcano tbefrmaners, anbmancr of luting, ^tptopuot 
 toithanotljecbnefeDefcriptton of Africa alfo. Jtistabebnoerftooo.tbattljcpeopletoljicbnoto Af,1M * 
 t'.h ibttc tlje reigons of tlje coafl of Guinea, ano theminle parts of Aftica.as Libya tlje tnner,ano 
 Nubia,u)ttljrjtuers otljer great $ large regions about tlje fame, toerein olo time callcbiEthiopes 
 anoNigrit£e,u)hicljtocnoto call Moores,Moorens, ojNegroesjapeopleofbeafflp liuing,toitb s 
 tiut a (SoD.latoe.religion.oj; common toeaIth,anDfofco?cbeDanJjberetitoitb tlje beat of the funne, 
 that fn manp places tbep curfc it toben it rifectj* fflf the regions ano people about ttje inner Li- 1%* interior. 
 
 bya ( calleO Libya interior ) Gemma Phryfiusluntetb tljUS. 
 
 Liby i interior isberp large ano oefolate, in tlje tobtclj are manp bojrtble toilbernefTcs f moun= 
 taines, repleinujeotoitb oiucrs ktnos oftoiloeaniimonlirousbeafiesanDferpents, Jfirftfcom 
 Mauritania o?Barbarytotoaro the §>outlj is Getulia, a rough ano fauage region, tohofe tnljabi* c«uii«. 
 tantsaretotioeanotoanoeringpeople, after tbefe followtlje people callen Melanogetuliano 
 Pharufij , toljiclj toanoer in tlje toilDernefle.carrping toitlj them great gouroes of toater. Clje E- 
 thiopianscalleoNigritasoccuppagreat pare of Africa, anb areertenbeo to tbc JUefi ©cean, nm' ***' 
 feoutbtoarbalfothep reach to tlje ritter Nigritis,uibofe nature agreetb toitb the riuer of Nilus, ^enuam. 
 fo^rmucljas it isincreafeo an&tmtuniujeo at tlje fame time,ano bn'ngetljfaub the likebeafisas f;^ ojSc " 
 tljeCrocodile. ©preafoutobereof, atbtnke this to be the fame riuer toljtdj the Ponugalscall 
 Senega: fo} this titter is alfo of the fame nature.Ht is furthermore maruetfous anb Werp if range 
 that is faib of this riucr:9w> tljis is,tbat on the one floe tljereofobeinbabitants are of high fiatttre « nwnge 
 ano black.ano on tlje other fioe,of b^otone o? tatonie colour, ano Ioto fiature,tohtcb thing alfo our tJ "" B- 
 meuconfitmetobetrue. 
 
 Chcre are alfo other people of Libya callebGaramantes.toljafetoomcn are common: fo^tljcp Gararaant^ 
 contract nomatrimouie.neitber baue refpect to cbaffitie,9fter thefe are tlje nations of the people 
 
 CallcbPyreijSathiodaphnitSjOdrangijMimaces^ynxamatfjDoIopes^ganginfjLeuciEthi- t?H>W«of 
 opes,Xilicei Ethiopes.Galcei Echiopes,anb Nubi. Cbefe Ijaue tlje fame fituation in Ptolome L ' bya ' 
 that tbep nolo giue to tlje kingbome of Nubia, ipere are certaine Cbjiutansbnoer tbeoominion 
 
 of 
 
V- 
 
 Prcftcr lobn. 
 
 RegnumOr. 
 
 giierte. 
 
 Gambra. 
 
 Guinea, 
 Cabo Vetde. 
 
 ^THePoriugaU 
 Jfl.uiig.moil 
 
 tu Braille. 
 
 Acthiopia. 
 
 Mtros. 
 
 ■5!iic£iH£i;ne 
 
 DtSaba. 
 
 PrefterTohn 
 
 «5i:il>etoutof 
 
 Aethiopia- 
 
 f)ioyl«oft!)e 
 
 <ea(lQ0cof 
 
 Africa, 
 
 3j>tnple luitb" 
 out ijeafte. 
 
 Myrrh. 
 Axania. 
 
 Re<jnumMe. 
 lino's. 
 
 Actbiopia inte- 
 rior, 
 
 Wants. 
 
 B. bulla. 
 
 Ichthiophagi. 
 Anthropophagi. 
 
 MontcsLuni. 
 Gaiaria. 
 Cap. bonj_ Spei. 
 
 Africa toltJjOUt 
 
 ro!Dc. 
 
 -3!'ie tuiuter o2 
 
 Africa. 
 
 HPlamswoffire 
 anDnoifein 
 tljc aire. 
 
 <T|icmi5()lc 
 
 tcgionofljje 
 
 MieiotolO. 
 
 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, MJohnLok, 
 
 of the great Cmperouc of /Ethiopia , calleo Prettcr lohn. jf rom tbefe toujaro ttje Cfikfi ie a 
 great nation of people calleo Aphncerones,taibofercgion (as farre as map lie gatbereo bp conies 
 ctuteJistUcfame thattsmoto calico RegnurnOrgueiie 5 con6mna;bponc{)eCaftpartsofGumea, 
 jf torn bence mi ltiaaro,ana fomelobat co&aro tbe #2o?tb,are tfje kingdoms of Gambra ano Bu. 
 domel,not farre from tbe riuer of Senega. ano from bence toluaro tbe inlanoregions.ano along 
 bpthefea roaff, are the regions of Gineia oj Guinea,tabicbtoJC cotnmonlp callGinnee, ©ntbe 
 SaClcrtRce of tbefe regions totnarD tbe ©ccan, is the rape o } point calico Cabo yerd e , 0} Capuc 
 viridc^tljat is) tbcgreenccape,totb:tol;tri)tl)cPortuga]sfirlI Direct tl)£ircourfeli)bentljc»faiIc 
 to America^ tbelanocfBraiile. Cljen Departing from bence, tbep turne to tbe rigbtbanoto- 1 
 toarotbe quarter of tbeBJinDrcalUDGarbino.tobtcb is bettoetnctbe^£fianDtI^^outh.But 
 tofpeahrfomeU)batmci?eofyEchicpia:altbottgb tbcre are manp nations Qfp'eopIefonameDjpct 
 is Aechiopia chicflp Diuioeo into two parts, tohereof tbe one is calleo Aethiopia oiioer Aegypt.a 
 great $ n'cb region^o tbis perteinetb tbe 1flano Meroejimbjaceo round about toitb tbe ftremes 
 of the riuer Nilus.^n tbis 3iu"ano aiomen relgneo in olo ctme.Io/ephus tDjttctb,tbat it tuns fbme* 
 timeca!lfDSabea:anDtbat tlje ©uesne of Saba came from tbence to Ierufalem,tobearetbeUiife* 
 Dom cf Salomon. If ro bence totoaro tbe Call reignetb tbe faso Chnftiati «2mpero? Preftcr Iobn, 
 lsbom fojjie cal Papa Iohanoes, pother fap tbat be is calico Pean Iuan(t(jat is)great Iohn,tobofc 
 Cmutre reachetb far beponD Niius, ana is eictcnoeo to tbe coaffs of tlje 3Reo fca $ Indian fea, %\}t 
 mtDDle of tl;c region is almoftin 6"<5 f tiegrees of iaitptuDe,anD r 2.oegrees of latttuoe. about tbis 
 
 region inbabitetlje people calleDClodi,Rifophagi,Babylonij,Axiunita: ) Molili ) anDMolibar.af= 
 
 ter tbcfc is tbe region calico Troglody tica.oJbofe inbabitantsonicl in caucs ano Denncsrfoj tbefe 
 are tljeir boufes.^t tbe flefl) of ferpents tbeir meat.as tojitctb Plinie,nno Diodorus Siculus. ^Ijep 
 baue no fpeacb ,buc ratber a grinning ano cbatrering. Hbcre are alfo people tutttout beaos.cal* 
 leo Blemines,bau:ng tbeir epes ano moutb in tbeir b?eatt.ltReu)ife Strucophagi,anD nakcD Gan- 
 phafames: Satyrs aifo,ojbicbbaue notbing of men but onelp Q)apt« S^ojeouer Oripei,great bun* 
 ters.MermonesalfOjanD tbe region of Smyrnophora,U)bicljb?ingetbfoo?tbmp?rbr f after tljefe 
 is tbe region of Azania,tn tbe tobiclj manp ^Icpljants are founD.a great part of tbe other regions 
 ofAfrickctbatarebcponDtbeAequino6tialHine,arcnoluafcribfDto tbekingoomcofMclinde, 
 lubofe inhabitants are accuSomeD to trafiqtte tomb tbe nations of Arabia, ano tbeir Jung is fopnett 
 in frtenoujip uritb tbe king of Portugal,ano papetb tribute to Prefter lohn. 
 
 %l)t otber €tljiope,calJeD /Ethiopia interior(tjjat is)tbe inner ^tbiope.is not pet hnotonefo? 
 tbe gceatnetTe tljcreof, but onelp bp tbe fea. coafies J pet is it DefcribeD in tljismaner. jf irft from 
 tbe Acquinoftiall totoaro $ S)outij,is a great region of Acthiopians,tohicb b^ingctb fo^tlj inbitc 
 ClepbantiJjCpgers.anD tbe beafles calico Rhinoccrotes. Slfoa region tbntbjingetbfoojth; 
 plentp of cpnamome.lping bctluecne tbe b?ancbes of Nilus.aifo tbe feingoome of Habech o? Ha- 
 bafia ; a region of CbjjSian men.lping botb on tbis Goe ano bepono Niius. Bpcreare alfo tbe Ae- 
 thiosians.calleo khthiophagi (tbat is)fucb asliuc onelp bp fi(b,ano toere foinetimcs fubfiueo bp 
 tljt loarres Of great Alexander, jf urtbetmoje tbe Aethiopians calleD Rhapfij^ Anthropopha- 
 gi ,p are accuttomeD to eat mans flcl'b.inbabitc tbe regions neere bnto tlje mountains calleo Mon- 
 ies Luns(tbatt3)tbemotintaiilCSoftljeC©oone. Gaz,atiais»noertbeTropike Of Capriccrne. 
 Sifter tbtS folSotoetbtljC front Of Afnke, tbe Cape ofBuenaSperanza,Oj Caput BoniSpei,tbat 
 
 is.tlje Cape of guoo bope,bp tbe tutjicb tljep patTe tbat failefrom Lisbon to Calicut/But bp tobat 
 names tbe Capes ano gulfcs arc calleo,fo?afmucb as tljc famearc in euerf globe ano caro,it toerc 
 Ijere luperflttous to rcbearfe tbem, 
 
 Some us jite tljat A ftica iuas fo nameo bp tljc Grecians,becaufe it is toitljeut coloe. jf o? tbe 
 Greeke letter Alpha o) A ftptfietb pjiufltion^opOjO? toitljout: ano Phrice Cgnifietb coloe, $fo} 
 in orco altbougb m tbr lleao of SBintet tljep bane a clouop ano tempeffuous feafon, pet is it not 
 coloe,but ratber fmaotbering botc,toitb bote fljotojes of raine alfo.ano fometoljere fuclj feojebtng 
 toinoes,tbat toljat bp one meanes ano otber, thep fecme at certaine times to line as it lucre in fo?» 
 naces, anoinmaneralreaopbalfctoapinpHrgatojie ojbcU. Gemma Phrifiustojiteth, tbat in 
 certaine parts of Africa , as in Atlas tbe greater 3 tbe aire in tbe nigbt feafon is feene f4)ining,toit& 
 manp orange fires ano flames riflng in maner as bigb as tbe Spoone ; ano tbat in tbe clement arc 
 fometinte beaiD as it toere tbe founo of pipes, trumpets ano o junnties : Uiljicb noifes map per* 
 baps be cattfcD bp thebcljemrnt ano funojp motions of fuclj firicerbalations in tbe aire.as toe fee 
 tbe like in manp crperiences thought bp ftrc,aire anD toinDCSbc bolloninefle alfo,ano oiuers re* 
 flerions ano bjeahingof tbe clouoes map be great cattfes be reof, befioe tlje beljement coloe of tbe 
 mioole region of tbe aire, tobcrebp tb« faiD fierp erbaIations,afcenoing tbitber.are fuocenlp flric* 
 ken batke uiitb great fo?ce: fo j euen common ano oaplp erperience tcacljctb »s, bp tlje tobifltngof 
 a burning toje^tobae noife fire maltetlj in tbe aire, ano much moje l»b «* tt OtiHetb toljen f t is m« 
 
 clofco 
 
s5Ad-Jobn Lo/{. TraffiquesandDifcouenes. 
 
 m* 
 
 pipca.ana faclj other tnllruments that go bp totuQr, Jr o;. ratnae (as lav the jisijilofopbtrsjis twite $8mi«" *: 
 other then nice ucijcmcntlp mouea,as uk ff c in a paireof bcl!oU)e3,auD fuel) other. 
 
 &>cme of our men of gooo creait -tljat lucre in this lair Dotage to Guine3,affirme cartxcfllp that . 
 in tljciu'gbtfcafon tbep felt a fallible: beat to come from tljc beameBof tlje mooite. v^^cluljtcl; «rD«Be««oI 
 tljing,altbough it be Orange ano infenfible to tes that tntjabicc colts regions, pet Doctlj it ffanc rjutfj tfic £?Dons - 
 gooo reafon tbat it map To be .fojafmucb as the nature of ffarrcs ano planets (as tu?:tct!jf lijii.) #»»?tna of 
 conftSetb of fire,ana contcinetij in it a fpirtt of l;fe,\uljiclj cannot be toitljout brat, 
 
 3iio,tijat theSipooiiegiuecb beate tpon the earth tijcPjopbctDauid fcemrtbto conSnwia 
 Ijis 1 1 i^falme.toljercfpeakingof fuclj men as arc ocfrnaeD from e mis bp Q3ods pjctection,ljec 
 
 fait!)tl)US: Per diem Sol notiexuret te s nee Luna per nodtem. 'Cjjat IS to f»P, 3Jn tlje Oa^tljC 
 
 s&tutrie fball not burne tljce,no? tbe spoone bp m'gljt, 
 
 ©tjep fap fttrt!)ermo?e,trjat in certaine places of tljefea tbep fato certaine Srcamcs of loafer, ^pontwof 
 toljiclj tbep call fpoi!ts,fallmgotit of tbe aire into the fea, ff fljat i'omc of tljcfe arc as bigge as t!jc mi7ot tt" mfc 
 great pillars of Cljurcljes: infoumcl) that fomcttmes tl;cp fall into fliippc8,anc put them in great 
 eanjer of Djotoning . <g>ome faine tbat tljefe fboula be tbe Cataracts of bcaticn, tnbicb lucre all ^ f ,^" c of 
 opcitec at jftocs flo ua.Uut 31 tbiufce tbcm rather to be Fur b flurtons ano eruptions as Anflot le in 
 bis boofee de Mundo faitb, to erjance in tbe fea. jfoj fpeasing of fuclj ftrangc things as arc fteue 
 often times in tlje fea, be lojitctlj thus, Oftentimes alfo etten intbe fea arc fecne evaporations of 
 fire, ano fuel; eruptions ano breaking foojtb of fpjingss , tljat ttje moutljcs of titters are opcuea. 
 £S3bitlepooles,ana tuitions are caufea of fuclj otljer vehement motion$,n°c onlpin tbe miDteff of iBttitmm 
 .tbe fea, but alfo in creeks 9 ffretgbts, 3t certaine times aIfo,a great quantitp of luater is fttooeu 5 £°". DIls "' :b * 
 Ip lifteo bp ano carcieo about lou'j theSpoone,ijc. 15? iuljtcb luojaes of Aiiftotle ieaotb appeare 
 tbatfucbluatcr0beIifteDi3pinoneplaceatanetime,qnofuDDcnlpfallooVuneinanotbcrp!aceat: 
 anotbertimcSnobcreiintaperbapapertemetb it tbat Richard Chancellertolo me tljat bebcato. 
 Sebadian Cabot repo?t,tbat(asfarre as 31 remember)eitber about tbecoatfsof Brafile 0? Rio de ^f™" 8 * 
 Plata, bis fbippc 0? pinntlle Voas fuooenlp Iifteoftom the fea,ana caff upon Iano, 31 ttot not bolue 
 farre. Che tobicb tbiiujcamj fucb otber iikeluonocrfuUana ff range luojkes of nature labile 31 con= sue pouw of 
 fioer,ano call to remembrance tlje narroiuneire of mans unocrffanaing ano knotoIeagc,in cempa- llatlICC ° 
 rifauofljermigbtiepotoer^canbutccafetomarueUanDccnfcireluitbPliniejtbatnotbingisto 
 tjer impoffible, tfje leafi part of toljofc poiuer is not pet knotoien to men. spanp tfjmga mo?e our 
 men falaaio conftDereDtntbisDopage.UioojtbptobeitoteOjlBbcrcofJ b'TJEtljougbtgoootopuc 
 fometnmemojp,tibattbereaDermapafttieIltabepIeafureintbebartetpoft(juTgs,asRnotoU-t!ge 
 of tije fjifiojie, among otljer tljings tljcrefo?e,toucbing tbe maners ano nature of tbe people, tljta 
 map feemeflrangc, tbat tbeir ponces j noble men bfe to pounce ano rafetljcirfhii:nea5JBttljp?e- ®m™fc 
 tie knots iiiDiucrsfo?me3, as it toere b?ancljeo Damaffee.tljinktng tljat to be a accent ornament. t ! )C,cf,i " mc0 - 
 i^no albeit tbep goeinmaner all nakea.pet aremanp of tljem, 9 efpecialp tljetriuomen, in matter 
 laoen toitb cqliars,b?acelets,boopes,ano cbaines,eitljer of golo, coppery iuojp, J mp felfc baue dFiuc ituicia. 
 one of tbeir b?afletsof 3luo?p,toeigljing ttoo pottno ano fire ounces of Troy uJcigbt.toljicSj make n bmtut, 
 eigbt ano tbtctic ounces : tljisone of tbeir toomenoiouieare fepon Ijer arme. 31 1 ismaoecfone 
 toljole piece of tlje biggefl part of tlje tootrj.turnea anofometubat carueo.toitlj a bole in t'oe mtolt, 
 toiljerintljep put their bairns to tueareit on tljeir arme. S>omebaueoneuerp arme cne,ano aenw- 
 upon tbeir legges, toljerelMttlj fomeof tljem are fagalleo,tljat altljougb tljep are in manermaoe 
 lame t!jerebp,pet mill tljep bp no meanes leaue tljem off, *i>ome toeare alfo on tljeir legges great SBaeWw 
 fiiacMrscfbjigbt copper, toljicb tbep tljinkc to bcenoleffecomelp. djepineare alfo collars, 
 Jjjacelet3,garianos,ano giroles.cf certain Wetu Bones libebeaas* Liketoife fomeof tljeir iuomcti 
 ttrareontbeirbarearmes certaine fo?cfieeues maoe oftljc plates of beaten goloe, HDntljeirfin* Kfnaa. 
 gers alfotljeptoeareringB,maoeofgoIoenrjoires,tottbaknoto?lu?eatb,likcrjnto tljat luijicbebil-- 
 rjienmabeinaringofarttdj, amongotbcrtbmggofgolDetbatourmenbougbtoftbemfo^ct' 
 tljange of tbeir toarfs,toere certaine oogs-cljatnes ano toilers* ©oss cBaincB 
 
 Cljcp arc bcrp toarp peopIetntljtirbargaintng,anoiDtllnotlofeoncfparkeofgoIocof2np "'boise. 
 Balae. •EbeprjfclueiajbtsanD mcafures.ano areijerp circumfpect inoccuppingtlje fame.^ljcp 
 tbatftjnllbaueto ooe luitlj tljem, muaBfetbemgentlp:fo?tljeptoillnottrafiqueo?b?inginaiip 
 laaresif tbepbecuiUufco. 9t tbe firlf Dopagc tljat our men IjaointotbcfepartieSjitfo cljanceo, 
 that at tljeir Departure from tlje firtt place irljcre tljep oititrafick,onc of tljem either ffole a mufhe 20 imithc cm 
 Cat,o?taokciicra\i)apbpfojte, not mtflruftingtbat tljat fijoulo banc binoercD tljeir bargaining 
 t:t another place tobitber tbep tntenoetj togoe, TSutfojalltljeljaCetljcpcoulDemaketiJitbfull 
 failes, tbe fameof t'.-eirmifufagefopicuentco tljem, tljat tlje people of tljat place alfa, offenoca 
 tbercbpjtooula bjing in no ioares: tnfomuclj tljat tljep toere iitfojcea eitl;et to refioje tlje Cat.o? 
 
■Sficir ijoufrs. 
 
 ^Jjtit (ccBiiig. 
 jflpinS fifties. 
 
 JSrtrattgt 
 
 «l)ing. 
 
 Wjtit lijwf- 
 
 ■91 !>e:r tomcat. 
 
 Cfie $>tnm». 
 
 <5Cttctc Dihifte- 
 
 2Z The EngliftiVoyageSjNLamgations, M.fohnLoJ^, 
 
 pap to? l;er at cbeic yjtce, befo }t rtjtp couio tranque tljcrr, 
 
 ©l;eirbotifesaremaoeoffoutepofteso;itrecs, ano couereo UHtlj bottgbes. 
 
 'Chetc common fceDtngis of roots,9fucljfiiT)cs astijep taltclnljercof tljcp Ijatie grest plentp. 
 
 Cbcrcarealfofuclj flying fiujes as are ferae in tbe fea oftbe <GHcQ Indies* ffiur men fatten of 
 tbeir fifljes.boping to p?om'De flo?etbereof:l;uc tljep tboulo take no falt,ano mutt tl>erfo?c be eateu 
 fo?tbu)ttlj as fomefap. Jpotobcit oujet afftrme,tbac if tbep be Caltc D immeDtatlp after tiep be ta= 
 ftenjt&epluiUattbncojru^ttOteno^tljJcIueoapea.TButi^sisnKijeftranse^batpartolTtrcljflefi) 
 as tbep caricu toitfj tljem cut of Englandjtebicb putrtueo tljere, became face te agamc at tbeir ec« 
 fume to tlje cltme of temperate regions. 
 
 %tyy bfe alfo a ftrange making of bjeao ,in tljis matter. Cijcp grinoe bettoeene itoo Cones 
 toitb tbeir Ijances as mttcb co jne as tbep thinke map mince tljeir familp,anD toijen tljep baue tbus 
 tyougljt it to flourc , tljep put thereto a certaine qttanttt ie of toater, ano make thereof bcrp tfttiine 
 trougb,lDbtcb tljep Gicke bpon fflme pott of.tfjcir (joufes, lubere it isbakeobptbeljcateofcbe 
 &tmne:fo tbat fertjen the matter ef tbeboufcojanpof bis famiip telll eatcttjereof,tbep take it 
 Oobraeanoeateit, 
 
 ■Sbcpliaueberp faire torjsate, ttjc care taijgreof is ttuo banofulsiu lengt^anoasbiggeasa 
 great 35«trtifi>,anB almolr fours inches about lubcre it is biggett. ©be fiemme oj ttrato fecmeifj 
 tobealmoHasbiggeasf'tjelitUSngerof amaiiBbantijOjlitleleRc. ©lje graines of tljis tobeatc 
 are as big as our peafen, rouno alfo, ano oerp ta)ljtte,ano fcmetoljat ujiniug,like pcarlcs tbat baue 
 loG rijeir colour. Sllmoft all tije lubttance of tljem t ttrnetfj into floured maketb litle b?an o) none. 
 31 tolo in one eare ttocbttnojeo gttijjecfco?c graines, Cbeeare ismclofco tntb?ee blaoes longer 
 t!jenitfclfc,$ of ttooincljestyoao apiece. &nobptIji9fruitfufoestbe^unncfcemetbpartlpta 
 rerompence fucb gttefes ano moleftattons as tbf p otljertonfe reteittebp tbe feruent beate tbercof.' 
 31tisDoubtUu"e a tooHljpcotcniplationtoconBDertljecontrarp effects of tbefuime:o?ratl;ertlje 
 contrarp palfions of fuel) tljtngs as receiue tlje influence of bis beamcs,eitber to tbeir butt o j be* 
 nefit, ©heir ojinke is ettljer &)ater,o ? tbe iuife tbat o?;oppetb from tbe cut b?ancbes oftbe barren 
 Date trecs,callec Palmitos. f 0} eitber tljep bang great gouroes at tljefaio b?aucljes euerp cm* 
 ning,anDlestbemfo bang all ntgl;c,o?elfttbepfet tljem on tbe grouno bnocr tlje trees, tbat tbe 
 Bjoppcs map fall therein. ©bep Cap tbat trjis kinoe of on'nke is tn tatte mucb like Unto vurjep, but 
 fometoljat fleeter, ana mo?e pleafant. ©&ep cue tlje b?ancljes euerp euening,becaufe trjcp are 
 feareotop in tljc oapbp tbe beate of tbegnmne. %\)t p ^atte alfo great beanes as bigge as cljeCE' 
 mttis.anD berpljaro,ixiitlj a fljell intlje fleao of atjuflte, 
 
 S©anp tbtnga moje migbt be faioe of tbe maners oftbe people, ano of tbe tooufterss ano mon- 
 ffcotts tbings tbat are eugenujen in Africke. ^ut it (ball fuffice to baue faioe fjui mucb of fur & 
 tbmgs as our men pattlp fatoe,«Bi partlp bjotigbt luitb tbem. 
 
 3no tobcreasbefojefpeakingof tbe fruit of graines, 3 oelcribeD tbe fame to baue Ijolesbp tbe 
 fitie(a0 in oeeoe it batij, as it isb?ougl;t bttljer)pet luas 31 afterniaro enfourmeo, tbat tbofc rjolea 
 tnere mane to put (fringes ojttoigges tbjougb tbe fruit e,tberebp to bang tbem bp too jp at tbe 
 Siunne. Cbep grolu not pal! a f oote ano a balfc, oi t too foote from tbe grounb,ant> are as reo as 
 bloou tofjcti tijep are gatbereo, %ty graines themfektes arc calico of tbe pijificKms Grana 
 
 Patadifi. 
 
 3t tbeir cemming bome tlje keeles of tbeir fijipyes toere irtarueiloullp oMergrotone toitlj cec 
 tatne fijelles of tluo incbes lengtlj anbmo?e,as tlncse as tbep coulo llano, anD of fucb bigneffe tf;at 
 a man migbt put bis tljumbe in tlje moutbes of tbem. ^Ijep certainelp affirme tbat in tbefe t&ere 
 grouietb a certaine fiinue fubEance.tobicb at tbe lengtb Hipping out oftbe ibell ano falling in tlje 
 feajbecommetljtbofefoulestobicljbjecall Barnacles. 'QLtjelihe fijelles baue bene ferne inftjipa 
 returning fro Ifel and.but tbefe ftjels toere not pafl tjalfe an incb in lengtb.2Df t\)t otber tbat tame 
 from Guinea, 31 fatoe tbePrimerofelpingintbeoocke,anom manercouereotoitb tbe fain fbelss, 
 tobiclj in mp iungement ftjoulo gteatlp binoer Ijer fapling. lEbeir ftjipstoere alfo in manp places 
 eaten ttitlj tlje voojmes calleti Bromas o? Biflas,toljeceof mention is maoe in tlje Decades.'Sbtft- 
 creepe bcttueene tlje planke0,\nljicb tbtp eate tbjougb t'nmanp places. 
 
 9mong ot Ijcr tbings tbat cijancco to tbem in trjts bopage.tljis is lnojt&p to be noteo,tbat tobec* 
 astbepfatlcotbitbEnnfeuentteekes.tbep coulo rcturne innolelfefpacetbenttoenticttieekes.. 
 ■Ebecaufe inbereof tljep fap to be tljis : '©bat about tbe coal! of Cabo Verde tbe toinoe is euer ac 
 tlje<£ afl,bp reafon usljereo f tljep toere enfo jxeo to faile far re out of tbeir courfe into tbe maine ©* 
 cean,tofinDetbebainDeattbeaHetttob?ingtbetnbon!c. %Y,m oico of ottr men at tljis lattbop* 
 age about ctoentie an?) fottre, tobereof manp tneo at tljeir rcturne into tbe clime of tlje eclor re gt* 
 $mt Wflcfee ons.aS be ttoeene tlje 31flanos of Azores ano England. IZtfjep b?ougbt toitb tljem certaine blacke 
 jmSTn-ia™. ' flaucs,to{>etcof fome lucre tall ano ttrong men,ano coulo toel agree toit|i our meates ano oginkes; 
 
 ^tlje 
 
 ffii Mines, 
 
 j&T)cl0 tDat 
 cicauc to 
 
 type. 
 
 barnacles. 
 
 EroAas. 
 
 Mftcrtr. 
 
 <GMt Centrj ei 
 ottr men. 
 
T 
 
 Ad.lViLTowrfon. Traffiques andDifcoueries. &j 
 
 «:i)c coloe ann mopfi aire Doth fometohat offenD tbem, get Doubtlclle men ttjat ate bdinjj m hot <"">« maj i* 
 Regions map better abt'De coloe, then men tbat arc borne in colae Regions map abioe bcatc/ci- t^nVitf m 
 afmuch asberjement hcate rcfoluctb tlje raoicall niopfture of mens booies, as csloc conflraincth 
 ano ujefcrueth the fame. 
 
 ©his is alfo to be confioereoas a frcrct too jke of nature,t&at tljioughout all Africke,toiocr tlje 
 jfiquinoiiial line, anD neere about tlje fame on both fioes, the regions are ertreemc bote .ano the 
 people bcrp blacke. Wfovt ea'a contrarilp fucb regions of the 8Beft Indies as are bnocr the fame 
 line are berp temperate, ano tlje people neither blacke, no? toitlj curlDcaitDujojttooollontbeir 
 heaos, as tljep of Afncke haue, but of tbe colour of an ©liue, toitlj long ano blacke beare on tljcir 
 beans : tlje caufe of tobtch uarietp isocclareo in oiuers places in the Decades. . 
 .3It is alfo too?tljp to be noteo tfjat fome of tbem that toere at tljis bopage tolo me:©ljat is,tljac 
 thep ouertooke tbccourfe of tbe £banne,fo that tljep hao it jfto?th from tbem at noone,the 1 4.Dap 
 of sparclj.ano to baue fatD thus much of thefe bopages,it map fuffice. 
 
 The firft voyage made by Mafter WtUiam Towrfon Marchant of 
 Londonjio the coaft of Guitiea,wiih two Ships, in the yecre 1555. 
 
 \fXrn SgjunDap tlje thirtieth uap of&cptembertoceoepartcD from tlje 3fie j&vtcmter. 
 of Wighc.out ofrtje Ijauen of Neuporc toitb ttoo goon ftjtppe0,tbc one calico 
 tlje Hart.the other the Hinde,both of London ,anD theSpaflers of them toere 
 Iohn Ralph, ano William Carter , foj a bopage to bee mane bnto the Rtucr 
 deSeftosinGuinea.antitootherhauens thereabout* 
 
 at fell outbp tlje barietie of tomDes.tbatittoastljefoureteentboapof 
 ©ctoberbefojetoee couloe fetch Dartmouth: ano being rhetearriueD toee 
 continued in that roace Greoapcs.ano the 2o.of ©ctober toe toarptout of the hauen,anD fet faile, October. 
 
 Dircctnigoiacourfctotoaros the §)0ut|)toefl,ani)thenejtt moaning toe toere runncbpeflimat(on 
 tljirtp leagues, 
 
 ©Ocfitil of flSouembcr toe found our femes to be in 3 i^egreesoffatituoe bp tlje reckoning of jftnumbcr. 
 our '30aller,©his nap toe ranne about 4o,leagues alfo, 
 
 ©he fecono Dap toe ranne 3 <5,leagues, 
 
 ©he thtro Dap toe Ijao light of Potto Santo, tohtclj is a fmall aflano Iping in the fea,about th?ee p°»o samo. 
 leagues long.ano a league 9 a halfc taoaD, 9 tspoffefrcD bp Portugals. at rifeth as toe came from 
 the jao?thnojthtocfflike ttoo fmall hillesneeretogctljer, ©he <gaft eno of tlje fame 3«anD is a 
 IjighlanD like a faDDle toith a ballep.tohicb makes it to beare that fomte, ©be SOefi enoc of it is 
 lotoer toitlj certaine fmallrouno hillocks, ©Ijis aflanolpetb in thirtp ano tb?ce Degrees, ©be 
 fame bap at 1 i.of theclocketoerapfeo tlje 3fle of Madera, tobich lietlj 1 2,leagttesftom Porto Mad«a. 
 Santo, totoaros the gjoutbtoeC x thataflano tsafaire aflano ano fruit full,ritio is inhabiccD bp 
 Portugals, it rifeth afarre off like a great tohole lano 'ano high, ^p tbjee of the clocke this Dap at 
 after noone toe toere tbtoart of Porto Santo, ano toe fet our courfe s3>outbtoeff, to leaue tlje 3fle 
 ofMaderatotljeCatttoarD,astoe Bib PortoSanto. ©hefe ttoo aflanos toere the 8rft lano that 
 toe fato lince toee left the coaft of England, about tljjee of the clocke after mionigljt toce toere 
 tljtoart of Madera .toitljin th?ee leagues ofthe22lettcttDeofit, ano bpjtteanesoftbe high hides 
 tljere,toe toere becalmeo 5 We fuppofe toe ranne this Dap ano mght 3 o,leagucs. 
 
 ©he fourth Dap toee lap becalmeo bnoer tlje afle of Madera,bntill one of tlje clocke at after* 
 noone,anDthen,tljetoinoecomming into tlje Caft, toee toent our courfe, ano ranne that oapfif= 
 tcene leagues* 
 
 ©he 5,oaptoeranne 1 ^leagues mcrje. 
 
 ©he 6,oap in the mojming toe rapfeo the 3fle of Tenerif, othertoife calleD the Pike, becaufc it T««ic 
 is a berp high aflano.toith a pike Upon the top like a loafe of fugcr, ©he fame night toe raifeo the 
 afle of Palma,tobtclj is a high lano alfo,ano to tlje ffiHefttoaro of the 3Deof Tenerif. Palm , 
 
 ©he 7.oap toe perceiueo the afle of Gomera,tohich is an aflano ftanoing bettoirt TenerifanD conww. 
 Palma,about i2.leagttes€afltoarD from Palma, ano 8.leagues££Kefftoaro from Tenerif: ano 
 fo^fcarcof being becalmeo toith the 3fle of Tenerif^toeleft both it.anoGomera to tljeCafttoaro 
 of bS,ano toent bettoirt Pajma ano Gomera. W.e ranne tljts oap ano night 3 o.leagucs, 
 
 3i5 ot e tb at thefe 3 llanos be <5o.leagues from Madera,ano that there are 3 .3 flanos mo2e to the 
 22JefttoarD of Tenerif, naillCO tbe Grand Canaria, Forte-ventura,$ Lancerot.of BJljicljaflanDS 
 toe came not in light: tljep be inhabitco bp Spaniards. 
 
 ©his oap alfo toe Ijao fight of the 3fle of Ferro, tobich is to the feoutbtoaros 1 ^ leagues from Fmo, 
 tlje otljer aflanos, ano ispoffeffeDbp Spaniards, ail this oap ano night bp reafon of the tomoe 
 
 toe 
 
UL The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations, Ad.lViLTowrfonA. 
 
 toe cotilo net Double tbe point of tbe 3lfle of Ferro, crcept toe tooulD baue gone to tbc MMtoatn 
 oftctufeiclj Ijao bene mucl) out of our coutfe: therefore toe kept about.anb ranne backe fiue l;ourcs 
 (£aftno jti;eafl to tlje enoe toemigbc Double it bpon the nert boo jo^tlje toinoe continuing ^otttlj* 
 caff, toljiclj Ijatlj not bene often fcenc bpon tbat coafi bp an? ttauailers : foitlje tombeamtinuctb, 
 there fojtljemoQpartj3o?tbcflR,f€a85f5o?tbeaa:fobpontl;eotljerboo?i)bpt!je nert mojiimj 
 toe toete in a manet toitb tlje afianb, ano Ijao roome pnouglj to Double tbe fame, f 
 
 ©be 8.Dap toe kept our cottrfe as ueere tbe toinoe as toee couto,becaufe tljat our Due ccurfc to 
 fetcbtlje coafi of Barbary toas S»outbeafi anb bp€afi,butbp tlje fcanttotnoe toee coulD not goe 
 our Due courfe,but toent as neere it as toe coulo.anb ranne tbis Dap ami nigljt 2 5 .leagues, 
 - ©lje9,Daptoe ranne so.lcagues.tbe io^j.leagues, ^12.24, 
 ©be 1 i.Dap toe fatoe a fatle bnoer out £ee, tobiclj toas as toe tljougbt afiQjerman/o tbat tore 
 toent roome to Ijaue fpoken toitb bn»i but toitbin one boure ttjerc fell fucb afogge,tljat toee coulo 
 Hot fee tlje lljippe no j one of bs tbe otbentoe (hot off oiuets pieces to tbc Hinde,but uje Ijearo tbcin 
 not: at after noonc uje fhot off a piece tobicb toee beatb, anD maoe Ijer anf mere toitb another 5 aim 
 toitbin one Ijalf e boure after tlje fogge b?ake bp,ano toe toete toitbin 4,lcagues of tlje fljoarc upon 
 tbecoaflofBarbary,anD toee founoeo ano bao i^faoom toater, ©Ije TSarkealfb came roome 
 toitb bs anD tbere ankerea bp rcafon eftbc contrarp toinoe. GBhen toe fell toitb tbe laiio,toe cotrlb 
 not tuogc iuttlp tobat part ofrijeianDittoas^ccaufetbemofipartoftbatcoafiislotoelanDjanD 
 no part to be iuDgeD of it but tbe forepart of tbe {boare,toljtcb is toljite like chaike oj fanb,anb berp 
 oeepe bnto tbe bate ftoare : tljere immeDiatlp toe began to fiift, ano foufflj great fioje of a kinbe of 
 fidj tobicb tbe PorcugaU commonlp fiflj fo? bpon tljat coaa,tohtcl) tbep cal Pcrgofles,tbe French- 
 men calltljemSaders.anD our men falt-toater bjeames- TMojc tbe clearing bp of tlje fogge,tbe 
 Ibippe toljiclj toe follotoeo fijapeD bs fuclj a coutfe tljat toe coulo fee bee no mo?e, bp realbn ofoHt 
 ftjooting offto finbetbe Hindc agatnc, ©bis pact of tbe coafi of Baibary,bp our plots reckoning, 
 Kinetdeioro, fe about i6,leaguc8totbe€au^atD0o'ftberiiie«idOro. 
 
 ©be 13. nap in tlje aftemoone toee fpptb afailecomming totoaws bs, toljtcb tocc tuogco 
 itobetbefaiIetljattoeefatoetbeDapbcfo?e,anDas fooneastocfpieDbim,toee cattfeotbcHinde 
 totoapberancre ant> to goe totoatpesbim, anD mamub out out&kiffe in like cafe tolsvhitu 
 aboo ?dc,oj to Difccme toljat Ijec toas , ano toee our femes toitbin balfe an Ijottre after toapeo alfor 
 but after tlje faile ban efpico bs, Ijeehcpt about , anD turned backeagaine ,ajnb ftjo?t!p after there 
 fell fucb anotber fogge, tbat toee couloenotfecljim: tobicb foggcscontinueball tbat night, fo 
 tljat toe tocre conftraineu to leaue tlje cbafe, ©bis afternoone tlje tomoe came about , ano toee 
 toent our coutfe g>outbtoett annbp C8ett, to goe cleare off tlje coafi, toee ranne tbat nigbtfir* 
 teene leagues, 
 
 ©be foureteentb bap in tbe morning toas berp foggie : but about ttoelue a clocke toeeefpiea 
 
 a ftaruell of 60, tunne toljiclj toas fiujtug, ano toe fent our ^>kiffe to bim toitlj fiue men, ano all 
 
 toitljoutanptoeaponfauingtbetr2Dares. ©be Caroellfo? bafie let llippe her ancre,ano fct 
 
 fatle j^ino tljep feeing tljat, fearing tbat tljep fboulo not fetch her, tooulD tarp to? no toefipons,au& 
 
 intbeenDeouertooke tbe Caruell.anD maoe bertotttike faile, ano bjougbtberatonp, although 
 
 tbep bao fourr teene \ fifteene men aboojo, $ cwerp man bis tocapon , but tljep ban not tbc hearts 
 
 to wGfi our men, &ftcr tbep toere come to bs , thep let fall tljeir ancre, fo? toee bab cattancre be-- 
 
 cattfettetotnBetoas not^ooD: 31 caufeDtbentbe^>.kirTetocomefo?mce,anp3itoencaboo?Deof 
 
 tljemto fee tljat no barme KjouId bee Done to tbem, no? to take anp thing but tbat tobicb tljep 
 
 might fpare bs foj our monep.sso toe teoke of tljem 3 .Tapnets of figgcS, ttoo fmallpots of ople, 
 
 ttoo pipes of toater,foure IjogfijeaDS of faltfiftj toljiclj tljep hab taken bpon tbe coafi, ano certame 
 
 f reftj fiuj toljtcb tbep Dib not efieeme , becaufe there is fucb flo?e upon tbat coatt,tbat in antjoute 
 
 «tMtnajcof anD fometimc letTe, a man map take as much fiftjastoill feruettoentiemenaDap, iFo?tbefe 
 
 lo'aot of SS* thmgs, anb foi fome toine tobicb toee bjanke aboo?oe of tbem , anb tlj?ee 0} fo ure great Cannes 
 
 *>«y. toljicb tbep lent aboojb of ourlhippes ,31 papeo tbem ttoentie anb feuen ptfiolcts, tobicb toast 
 
 ttotfeasmttcbtts tbep toilltnglp tooulo bauetakcu:anD fb let tbem goetotbeicaucrcanb cable 
 
 tobicb tbep ban let flippe , anb got it agame bp our bclpe, after tbis toee fet fatle, but the toinoe 
 
 caufeo bs to ancre agatnc about ttoelue leagues off tlje riuer del Oro, asthePortugalstotoe 
 
 *>s, ©here tocre Hue Caruels mo?e in tbis place , but toben tbep fatoe bs , tbep maoe all atoap 
 
 fojfcareofbs, 
 
 ©be 1 5, Dap toe tibbe ttill becaufe of tbetotnoe, 
 
 ■aihe^ropifte ©bei^baptoefetfaileanDrauneour coutfe 4o.leagues, ©bis bap,bp tbe reckoning of our 
 
 anoajiatfe. 23 ' ^ilots.toetocre right bttoer tlje Tropikc of Cancer. ©Ije i7.Daptoeramte354eagucstoitbm 
 
 Cgbtfoi tlje mofi part of tlje coaftof Barbary. 
 
 ©he 1 8,bap toee ratine tbtttie leagues, anb at ttoelue of tbe clocke bptbe reckoning of our 
 
 pilws 
 
 tafsen. 
 
iSd.Wil.TovprfonA Traffiques and Difcoueries. 2 5 
 
 pilots toetoere tbtoart ofCapcBlanke, o fC Bu,i«. 
 
 Cbe 2 2.oap our pilots! reckoned bs to be tbtoart Cape Verde. c» P tv«-de. 
 
 %{)c 1 z.oap of December toe bad fight cfland of Guinea,tofeicb as foone as toe fato toe ballc d €Ue coa(J ' of 
 into tl)elano59ojtl)eail,ano about 1 2,oft!je rlockeatmgbc toetoereneeretbeu>)aretoithiiilcflc Gui «* 
 tbrit2,leaguesi:anQcl)entoet(eytaboutanofounDCD > anDfounDi8,faDointoater.^ftertoarDeto2 
 fato a light totoarss the Qjoare, tobich toe thought to baue bene a fi;ip, atio thereby iuogeo it to be 
 the riuer de Seftos, tobicb light as foone as toe etpied, toe came to an anker 9 armed our tops.ano 
 tunoe all things readp to figbt,becaufe toeooubteb that it might befome Portugal 0? French mam 
 this night toe remained at ananker.buttn the mo?ningtoe fato noman.onlp toe efpitd 4.rockes a» 
 bout 2,englifl; miles from bs, one great rocke, and the pother final ones, toljich toben toe false, 
 toe fuppofedtbat the light came from the fijoje.andfotoapcoanofctfaile Call &>outbealf along 
 the fboarcbecaufc the Spader dto nottocllknototbeplace.butthougbt that toetoere not fo farre 
 to ctje <£att as the riuer de Seftos. 
 
 ■Shis lano all a longis a loto land, and full of berp high trees all along the Omare/o that it is 
 not pombte to knoto the place that a man ootl; fall toitball, crccptitbcbp the latitude :3!n thefe 
 24.houres3 t broke toe ran id. leagues, fo? all the night toe badagreatgaieastoetoeiebnder 
 faile.and had toithall Co?e of thunoer and lightnings. 
 
 ■SClje 1 3 .dap fo? the mofl part toe ran €aU StoutbeaS all along the ffjoare.toithin ttoo leagues 
 altoapcsoftbcfame,anD found the land all as at the firll,fuloftoooos and great rocks l;atdaboo?o 
 the irjoare.ano tl;c billoto beating fo fo?e,t(jat the teas b?ake bpon the fboare as tohite as fnoto.ano 
 the toatec mounted fo high that a man might eafilp difcerne it 4,leagues off, in fuch toife that no 
 boate cottlo lanD there, $H;tts toe ran bntil i2,of the clocke,and then tbeptookc the gjtmne and 
 after itidgedtbemfeluestobe 24,leacr,uespatt the riuer de Seftos to tbeiEafitoards, bp reafoK 
 toijercof toe hailed into the Ibcare toitbin ttoo Cnglifl; miles, and there ancred and found nfteene 
 fad om Uiacer,ano all off from the fboare the fea fo fituo t b,t l;at toe might toelba tic r io bp an ip ato * 
 fer, SU t !ja t after- uoone toe trimmed our boate and made her a faile,to the cnoe that ujc might go 
 along bp the £boo?e to feeke fome place to toatcr in: fo? toee could not goe backe againe to the tu ^ t Qunmi 
 tier de Seftos,becaufe the toiiideblotoes altoapes contraband the Currant runneth altoapesto r ?<«"s ««a= 
 the <2atttoardSjtol;icb toa&alfo againtt bs. a,atD * 
 
 -s;be 1 4-dap toe fet faile $toent back againealong the eoaff, and fent our boats bard aboo?d tfje 
 Ojoarcto feekeatoaceringplace,tobicbtbep found about 1 2,of the dock,ano toe beingfarre into 
 the fea,met toitl; diuers boats of tbe Countrcp,finall,long and narroto,?; in euerp boate one man 
 and no mo?e: toe gaue them b?eao tobich tl;epdideat,$toere uerpglad of it, about 4 of the clockc 
 our boats came to bs toitl; freib toatcr : and this night toe ankered againfl a Eiuer, 
 
 ■Ebe 1 y .dap toe toaped and let faile to goencere cbeu*)oare,and tottb our leaoe toee founded all 
 tbe toap,and found fometimes rockcs.and fometimes faire grouno,ann at the iljaliotoeft found 7, 
 fadoms altoapes at the leatt. £>o in fine toe found 7.fadom and a halfe toitbin an Cnglifl; mile of 
 the iboare, and there toeankercd in a maner before tbe moutl; of the Eiuer, and then tore fent our 
 boats into tbe Eiuer fo? toater.tohicb toent about a mile toitbin the Witter, toberetl;ep bad berp 
 goodtoater. ^bis Eiuer lutbbpcffimation8.leaguesbepono the Eiuer de Seftos,ano is calico Kiu«s.vi n - 
 in tbe Carde Riuer S. Vincent,but it is fo bard to finde,tbat a boat being toitbin baifc a mile of it cem " 
 (ball not be able to difcerne that it is a Eiuer : bp reafon that dtrectlp before the mouth of it there 
 Ipetb a ledge of rockes.tobtcb is much b joader then tbe Eiuer, fo that a boate mutt runne in along 
 the ftjoare a good toap bettoirt the rockes and the Iboarebcfoje it come to the moutl; of the Eiuer, 
 and being toitbin it, it is a great Eiuer and diuers other Eiuerg fall into tt : ^begoingintoitis 
 fometobat ill.bccaufe that at tl;e entring tbe feas do goe fometohac bigh,but being once toitbin it, 
 it is as calme as the Thames. 
 
 ^bere arc neere to the &ca bpon tljts Eiuerdiuers im;abitants,tobicb are might? biggc men «""& •"«> « of 
 and go al naked ercept fome thing befo?e tl;eir p?iuieparts,tobicl;is like a clout about a quarter of {?«£'*' of 
 a pard long made of the barke of trees,and petit is like a cloth: fo? the barke is of that naturc.tbat 
 it toill fpiti fmall after the maner of linnen, :§>ome of tbem alfo toearc the like bpon their bcaoes mt Negr<*i 
 being paintco toitl; diuers colours , but the mot! part of tbcm go bare headed, and their heads are fenw 
 clippeoanou;o?ne of diuers fo?ts,andtl;e mottpart of them baue their fkin of their booies raced 
 toitbdiuerstoo?kes,inmancrofalcatber31erkm. 'Cbemtuandtoomengoe fo alike,tl;atone 
 cannot knoto a man from a tooman but bp tbeir b?eattcs,tobicb in tbe mofi part be berp foule and 
 Iong,bangingcotoncloto like the bdderofagoate* 
 
 •Ebefame mo?mng toe toent into the Eiuer toitl; our g>kiffe, and carted eertaine bafons,ma< csram B o( 
 nels,$c.5lnd there toe tooke tl;at dap one bogf-beao and 1 oo.li,toaigl;t of iScaines.ano ttoo <Qlt- Guin " 
 phants teetb at areafonable good reckoning, SKee foldetljembothbafons.andManallios^nD m$ m * 
 
 Ccc Mar- 
 
i6 The Engli{KVoyages 3 Nauigations,MJf/7.7b^^/b«j. 
 
 <St)e 6f (crip* 
 
 tionnftheir 
 
 CoiuiicaanO 
 
 (joules. 
 
 Margants,buttt)epiJirucDmofttol)auel)afons:jro?t^emoftparcofourl)afoiigtoefljaci)pefli* 
 mation about 3 o.U.foya piece, ano fo? an elephants toothof 30.11. toaight.toe gatte tbcm o\ 
 
 Cbc 1 6\oap in the mojntng toe toent into tlje riuer toith our &>kiffe, ano tooke fome of t uerp 
 fojt of our marchanDi^e toitbbs,ano fljctoeo it to the Negroes, but tljep etteemco it not,but mace 
 light of it,anD alfo oftije bafons,Mandlios ano Margants, tobicb petteroap tljep DiD bup: httobe* 
 it fo? the batons tbep tuoulti Ijaue giiten bss fome gtaines, but to no purpofe, fa that this Dap tore 
 tooke not bp eftimation aboue one buno jeth pouno toaigbt of ©raincs , lip mcancsf of their Cap= 
 taine, toho tooulo fuffet no man to fell anp cljtng but though bis banos.ano at bis pjicc: he toas fo 
 fubtile, that fojabafonheetooulD not giue i5.pounDtoatghtof<£5rames,ano fomctimes tooulo 
 offer bs ftnall DtfbfuIS, tobereas befoje toee hao bafkets full,ano toben he fato that toee tooulo not 
 take them in contentment.the Captaine oeparteD, ano caufeo all the rett of the boatejs to Depart, 
 thinking beltketbattoee tooulo haue follotoeo them, ano haue giuentbem their otoneaf kings. 
 "Sue after that toee perceiueo their fetcb,toce toapeo our ©rapnel ano toent atoap , ano then toee 
 toent on lano into a fmall Cotone tofee the faftjions of the 2Lountrep 3 anwherc came a tbjcefcoje 
 of them about bs,ano at the firfl tljep toere afraid of os , but in the enoe percetuing that toee did no 
 hurt.thep tooulo tome to tos anD take bs bp the hano anD be familiar toitb bs,ano tlje n toe tocnt in^ 
 to their Cotoncs , tobicb tocre like to tuientte fmall boucls, all touereoouer toitb great leaues 
 anDbaggage ) anoalltbellDesopen,anDafcaffolDebnocr the boufe about apatobigh .tobcre tljep 
 toojke manp poetic things of tlje barkes of trees, anD there tljep Ipe alfo, Jin fome of their Ijoufe* 
 tljep too jkc pjon anD make faire Dartes, anD omens otljer things to toojke their boates,ano other 
 things toitball, ano tlje toomen too jke as toell as the men. TBtit toben toee toere there Diuets of 
 thetoomen tofljetobspleafureoanccDano fung after theirmaner, fullilltooureares, Cljcir 
 fong toas thus: 
 
 Sakerejfakere^Ojho. Sakere,fakere,ho,ho. 
 
 3no toith tljefe too job tljep leape ano Dance ano clap their foanDs, TBeaftes toe coulo fee none 
 that tbepIjaD,but ttoo goatcs/mall oogges,ano fmall bennes : other beattes toe fato none. 9ft er 
 that toe hao toell markeo all things toe Departeoano toent aboojo our ujips: tobith thing tlje Cap* 
 taine of tlje other totoneperceiuing,fent ttoo of his feruantsi in a boat toith a bafketofo3raine«, 
 ano maoeus ftgncs that tf tohen toe Ijao Kept toee tooulo come againe into their riuer,toee fboultj 
 haue tto?e of (Sraines,anD fo ujetoeo tos his ©raincs ano oeparteD. 
 
 Che 1 7.oap in themoming becattfe toe thought that the Negroes tooulo haue Done fomething 
 becaufe the Captaine fent foj bs,31 requireo the SB atter to goe on Iboare, ano fent the rett of our 
 gparchants toith him, anD tarieo aboo jo mp felfe bp rcafon that tlje Iaft Dap be ettemeo our things 
 fo litle: fo toben tlje Smaller ano tlje red came into the rittcr, the captaine toith oiucrs others came 
 to tljem.ano brought (Sraines tottlj tljem,? after that he fato tljat 31 toasnot therejjemaoeftgncjf 
 to knototohcre3Huas,anothepmaDefignes to him againe that 3! toasintbe (hips : ano tljcnljee 
 maoe fignes to knoto toho toas Captaine bp the name of Diago , fo? fo tbep call their Captaine, 
 $ tbep pointeo to tlje matter of the ttjip: tljen be began to ujeto Ijis »Sraines,but Ijeljelo them fo bn* 
 reafonabip ; tfjat there toas no profit to be maoe of them: tohicb thingffthe Spatter pet ceiuing.ano 
 feeing tbatthep hao no flo?e of ©raines, came atoap, anotooke not aboue 50,pounotoaightof 
 (Sraines, Chen he toent a ftjoare to tlje litle Cotonetobere toe toerethe Dap befo?e,f one of tljem 
 plutkcD a ©ouro, toberctoith the Negroes mere offenoeo, $ came manp of them to our men toith 
 tljeir Darts ano great targets, ano maDe ftpes to them to Depart : tohicb our men otD 3 hauing but 
 one boto ano ttoo oj tbjee f toojos, ano toent aboojo the boate ano came atoap from them : ano af= 
 foone as tljep toere come aboojo toe toapeo ano fet fatle,but the totnoe toasoff the g>ea, fo that toe 
 coulo not get out cleare of certaine rocks, ano therefore toe came to an ancre againe. 
 
 Chisriuer iscalleo Riuer S.Vincent.ttanoingin 4.ocgreesanD ahalfe,ano it ebbetbano floto' 
 eth there euerp 1 2,houres,but not muclj toater toljen it ebbeth the mott: tohile toee toere there.it 
 ebbeo onefaoome ano a Ijalfc toater. 
 
 Chis cottntrep as farre as toe coulo pcrceiue is altogether toooop, ano al flrange trees,tohere« 
 HcSins ltngii). of luee knetoe none, ano tljep toere of manp fo jts, toith great leaues like great oockes,tohich bee 
 higher then anp man is able to reach the top of them. 
 
 Cljere are certaine peafon bp the §>ea Hoe, tobicb groto upon great ano berp long ttalkes,one 
 of tlje ttalkes 31 meafureo anD founo it 2 7. pares long, ano tljep groto bpon the fano like to trees, 
 ano tljat fo neete the £>ea,t!;at fomctimess the S«a flotoetlj into the ttooos as toe might perceiue 
 bp tlje toater markes. 
 
 Che trees ano all things in this place groto continuallp greene. Diuers of the toomen haue 
 fuch crceeoing long b jeafls,tbat fomc-of tljem toil lap the fame bpon the grouno ano lie Dotone bp 
 tbcm,but all tlje toomen haue not fuch bjeafl*. 
 
 St 
 
 Diago ttie 
 name of a 
 ^aptaint. 
 
 CJtlatituSe 
 
 Of S. Vincent ri' 
 
 ntri9 4 nc* 
 grcesanbil 
 fialff. 
 
 teaiice of tr 
 
 Eong ptafe 
 Qalhcs. 
 
 5. ong too* 
 mens bieafts 
 
o5A4. IVilT'omfin. i. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 n 
 
 at tlno place all the Dap tljetoinoe liloiurth otftljc ^>ca 3 ano jll t!;c nrgijt off rljc lano, but ujcc 
 foune it to Differ fometiim s.tohicb oar S paft cr m arueilcb at. 
 
 ©Ijis nigljt ats>.of the cloche tlje toinoe came bp at the Catt,toljtcb ojoinarilp about tbat time 
 toasbJontcocotneoutot'tl)e.ll5o^tljJt5o?tl)ti)cflofftbemoate:pcttoewapeBanDljalleDoff!&out[) 
 toitbtbattoinDeall night into the igiea, but tlje nert morning toe balleo inngaiiietotljelanoe,anB 
 tookc in <5. Dunnes of toatcc foi out (hip, at?D 31 tbinke tbc Hinde tooke in m much* 
 
 31 coulo notperceiue tljaeljeretoa3anpgolD,ojanp other goootljtng: fcj the people he fo toiloc 
 ano iole.thac tljep giue themfclttes to feeke otttnothing: if tljep tooulo tahepaines tbep migljtga- 
 tljcr great ftnje of graines, but in this place 31 coulo not perteme ttoo ©unnc. 
 
 ©here ace manp fcwles in the COttntrep^but thepeople toil not take the paines to take them, 
 
 31 obferueo fome of their toojos of fpeaclj, tobicb 31 thought gooo bete to lit Dotonc. 
 
 STIie language 
 about tljsftt* 
 
 uerofS.Vin- 
 cent. 
 
 Bczo w, bezow, '"] f 31s tljei't falutatton, 
 
 Manegeceafoye, (SraintS pnoilglj. 
 
 Crocowafoye, IJjennespnough* 
 
 Zerammeafoyc, Cpauepou plough's 
 
 Beggefacke, } (Siuemeakmfe, 
 
 Bcggecome, > <^ ©iue me bjeao* 
 
 Borke, If oioc pour peace, 
 
 Coucrecke, 3?elpc, 
 
 Vecde, Put foojth,oj emptier 
 
 Brekckc, Eotot, 
 
 Dia g°i J l_ ^*el-bcir (EDapcattie, attD fbntc call ^t'ttt t>abo. ©Ijefeano 
 
 other too joes tljep fpeake berp tbicke , ano oftentimes recite one toojo tljjee times togctber,ano 
 at the laft time longer then at tlje ttoo firiL 
 
 ©he i 8.oap totoaros night, as toe toere failing along tlje coaft,toe met tortlj certaine boat? fa 
 the fea,$ tlje men fijetoeo bs tljat there toast a riuer tbtoart of bs,tohere there toere (graines to be 
 rolD,but toe thought it not gooo to tatp therejleaft tlje other (hips fljoulD gee befoje bs.©his rittet 
 ftath Iping before it tb?ee great rockes, ana j.fmall rocks,one great tree, ano a litle tree rigljtbp 
 the riuer.tohich in height ejcceeoenall the reG: toe (jalleb this night along the coaff io.leagues. 
 
 ©he i p.fap as toe coatteo the ujoare,about ttoelueofthe elocke tfiere came out to bs 3 .hoatetf 
 to tellbs tljat tbep IjaDgraines,? brought fometoitb tbem foj a fljeto, but toe coulo nottarp there* 
 iEEle p?oceeoeo along the coaG,$ ancreo bp the fljoje all tbe nigbt.ano ran this Dap 1 o.leagues. 
 
 ©be io.oap the Hinde hauihgarikereobpjbsamongft rockes, ano fouIcgrouiiD, loft a fmall 
 anker.at noone,as toe paffeo along tlje coaft.there tame fo?tb a Negro to bsS, making Ggnes,that 
 if toe tooulo goe a tbo are,toee (boulD baue <Braines,atiB tobere toee ankereD at nigljt, tljcre came 
 another to bs,ano bjougbt <£>raincs,ano fbetoeo bs tbem, ano maoe fignrs tljat toee fljoulo tarp, 
 ano maoe a fire bpon tlje lano in the night.meam'ng tljcrebp to tell bs tobere toe ffroulo lano,anbfo 
 tljep bib in oiuetsctber places bpon tbe coaft,taljcre tbep fatobs to anker* 
 
 3)nalt!)c places tobere toe Ijaue ancreD,Gncetoe came from our toatrtngplace,toe baue founb Witibte urn 
 tlje ttoe altoapcs running to tlje SDUBtoaros, ano allalong the ccratt manp rockes Ijaro aboo^D the SjjSm. • tBe 
 (hoare.ano manp of tljem a league off the ftjoareo? mo?e,toe ran tljis oap 1 2,leagues* 
 
 ©be 2 1 ,Dap,aItljougb toe ranne alloap tottlj a gooo galeof toinoe,pet tlje tioescame fo fojeottf 
 of the coafljtljat toe toere not able to runne aboue itre leagues : ano tljis Dap there came fome Ne- 
 groes ro bs.as tljcre bab Done otljer times, 
 
 ©be 22,toee ranne alloap ano nigbt to Double a point, calleo Daspalmas, ano ranne Crteene ■z.tevamto>: 
 leagues. 
 
 ©be 23,oap about 3 .of tlje clorke toe toere cljtoart of tbe point, 9 befoje toe came to the Wit* 
 flermofl part of it,to'e fato a great leoge of rocka.tobtcb lie 22teft from the Cape about 3 .leagues 
 ano a league 0} mo?e fro tbe lano. gjhojrlp after toe rjaD Ggljtof the ©aftermoil part of tlje Cape, 
 tobiclj lietlj ^leagues from tlje SEleftermoft part,ano bport tlje berp coiner tbereof lie ttoo greenc 
 places, as it toere clofes, ano to tbe JSIefttoarDis of tbe Cape the lano parteo from the Cape, as it 
 toere a T!5ap , toberebp it map toelt be knotoen* jf oure leagues mo?e beponoe tljat there lietb a 
 Ijcao-lano in the fea,ano about ttoo leagues bepono the beaD-Iano there goecb in a great 15ap,as 
 it toere a riuer,befoje toljiclj place toe ankereDall that nigbt,tobtcb toee Dib,leaftintbcnighttoee 
 Ojoulo otterrttitne a riuer,toljere tlje * laft peere tljep Ijao all tbett elephants teeth. 
 
 ©his Cape Daspalmas lietb bnoer foure Degrees ano a balfe, ano bettoirt the faib Capc,anD 
 the riuer de Sc'ftos is the greateft fto?e of ©raines to be bao,ano being pall tbc faio Cape.tbere t« 
 no great fto?eelfe tobere. 
 
 QUljete toe ankereo tljtss uigljt,toe founo trjat tbe tiDe.toljicb befojt ran altoapes to tbe ZRcfc 
 
 Ccc % tuarbr 
 
 Pjlriiu. 
 
 »3rt)attD8B 
 
& Colsne. 
 
 28 1 he fcngliih Voyages, Nauigations^/k/.^/.To^r/ow. j. 
 
 ^c'n"" 1 ^^Ojfsoin tljis^apc runnetb all to cljc <iE attXParD: tbw pap me ranneibme i6.lcagues. 
 So. * ' CbeM'bap running our courfe.auoutcigljt of tl;cclock tbcre came fo?t^ to Us ccttatncboacg, 
 
 toljiclj bjoiuxljt boitlj tljem fmall egges, mbiclj mere fofc tottljoue flirts, ano tbep maoe bs Ggnes, 
 tljat tljeie lias bittbtn tbelano freuj boater , ano <8oates : ano tbe Staffer tanking tljat it mas tlje 
 rittcr babiclj me fougl)t,calt ancker ar.D fent tlje boat e on fljoarctuulj one tbat knebJ tbe riuer, an» 
 comming ncere the fljoare.bee peccciueo tljat it mas not the riucr, ano fo came bache againe, ano 
 toent along the fljoare, toitlj cljetroarcs ano faile,ano mee tnepeo and ranne along tlje fljoare alfo: 
 ano being tljirteene leagues bepono tbe Cape , tlje Spader perceiueo a place toljiclj be iuogeo to be 
 tlje nuer , mijertmee mere in oecoetloQ miles Ojot pall it: pet tbebostc came from tlje fljoare,ano 
 tljep tljat mere inljer faioe,tbat tbere mas no riucr : noturitbltatujing mec came to an ancfeer,ano 
 tlje Spatter ano 31 tooke fitte mun mitb bs in tbe boat,anD mben Ijee came neere tbe fljoare.ljec per* 
 ceiuco ti;at it mas tbe fame tuier mbich tjceoto feeke : fo me rotooeo in, ano founo tbe entrauce be« 
 rp tll.bp reafon tljat tljefea goctljfo Ijigb : ano being entren, oiuers boates came to bS.ano ujetoeo 
 bs tljat tljf p baa CIcpljants tectb,ano tbep b?ougljt bs one of about cigbt poimo,$ a little one of a 
 pounD,mbtcljb)e bougljt : tben tljep bjougbt certaine tectlj to tlje riuer Goe,iiiaking figncs,tijat if 
 tbe ncrt bap me moulb come againe, tbep moulb fell bs tljem: fo me gaue bnto tmo Captaines,to 
 eitber of tbem a manillio, anb To me ocparteo,ano came aboojo, ano fent out tlje otljer boate to an* 
 otljer place,mbcre certaine boates tljat came into tbe fea^aoebs Ggnes tljat tbere buss f refi) ma* 
 ter : ano being come tbittjer, tbep founo a tomne, but no riuer, pet tlje people b?ougbt tbem freflj 
 toater,anb (Ijemeo tljem an <£lepbants tootlj 5 mfikingGgnes tljat tlje ncrt bap tljep moulb ft! tbem 
 teethano fo tljep came aboo jo, 
 
 %\)\i riuer Itctb bp tlje Carbetbtrteenc leagues from tbe Cape Das palmas, ano tbere lietfj 
 to tbe EKeflmarbs of tbe fame a rocke about a league in tbe fea, ano tlje riuer it felfe b&tb a pomt 
 of Ianbe comming out into tlje ^ea,mljereupongrotofiue trees, mijiclj map mell bee oifccrueo 
 tmo 0? trjjee leagues off, comming from tbe ffiHefltoaro,but tlje riuer cannot bee perceiuco bntill 
 fuel) time as a man be Ijaro bp it,anb tljen a man map perceiue a litle Cotone on ccb Goe tlje riucr, 
 ano to eclj ^Comne tljere belongetb a Captaine, Clje riuer in but fmall , bttc tbe mater is poo 
 ano freflj. 
 
 Cmo miles bepono tbe ri«er,mbere tlje otljer tomne ts,tljere lietb anotljer point into tbe :§>ea, 
 toljiclj is greene like a clofe, anonotaboue fire trees bpouic,tohicbgrotoe one of tljem from tlje 
 otljer,toberebp tlje coad map mell be fenomen : fo; along all tbe coad that me bane bttljcrto failed 
 bp, 31 baue not feene fo nutclj bare lano, 1 1 
 
 3n tbis place s ano tbjeeojfoure leagues to tbe iKEJedtoaro of it,al alongtbe ftjoarctljcre groto 
 manp Ipalme crees,toljereof tbep make tbeir mine de Palma. Cbefe trees map eafilp be knotoen 
 almotl tmo leagues off, fo i tljep be berp Ijigb ano mbite booieo, ano llretgbt, ano be biggeft in tlje 
 miotl: tljep Ijaue no bougbes,but onelp a rouno bulb in tbe top of tbem : ano at tlje top of (be fame 
 trees tljepboace aljole, ano tbere tbep bang a bottcll, ano tbe iupce of tlje tree runneth out oftlje 
 faio boleinto tlje bottle, ano tljat is tfc tr mine, 
 
 JFrom tbe Cape das Palmas.to tlje Cape Tres puntasjtbere are ioo,leapcS: ano to tlje pojt - 
 tobere me ptmpofeto make fales of our elotbbepono tlje Cape Tres pumas 4o,ieagues, 
 
 jftote, tljat betmitt tlje rwer DeSeftos , ano tlje Cape Das palmas.is tlje place mbere all tbe 
 grames be gatbereo, 
 
 %\>z language of tbe people of tljis place,as far as 31 coulo percciue.oifferetlj not mucb fro tbe 
 langttageof tljofe mljiclj omelmbere me matreo befo?e:but tbe people of tbis place be mo?e gentle 
 in nature tljen tbe otljer.ano gooolier men : tbeir builoing ? apparel is all one mitb tbe otljers, 
 
 'iZDljeir ocfire in tljis place mas mofl of all to baue Manillios ano Margames: as fo? tbe rett of 
 out tljings,tbep oto litle efleeme tljem, 
 
 9bout nine of tlje clocke tbere came boates to bsfoojtlj, frombotboftbeplacesafo?cfaio,ano 
 brought mitlj tljem certaine teetlj,ano after tljep Ijaocaufeometofmearebp tbe ttaterof tbe S>ea 
 tbat 31 moulo not burt tljem,tljep came aboo^o our ujtp tlj?ee 0? fourc of tljem , ano me gaue tbem 
 to eatc of all fuclj tljings as toe Ijao, ano tbep oio eate ano ojinke of all tbings,as mell as toe ouc 
 felues. 9ftertoarosme bougljtall tljeir teeclj.mbicljmere in number i4,anooftbofe i4.tbere 
 mere 1 o.fmall ; aftermaros tljep oeparteo, making bs HgneS tljat tbenert oap me ftjoulB come to 
 tbeir 'Eomnes. 
 
 %hz ifi.oap becaufetoe moulo not triflelong at tljis place 31 requt'reo tlje spader to goebn* 
 to one of tbe tomnes, ano to take tmo of our marcbants mitb bim,$ 31 mp felfe ment to tlje otber, 
 ano tookc one toitb me.becaufe tbefe tmo tomnes dano tb?ee miles afimocr, Co tbefe places toe 
 caneo fomemijat of euerp ktnoe of matcljanoijc tbat mebao: ano beebao at tbe one €otone,nine 
 teetb,tobicbtoerebut fmall, ano at tbe otber totonetobere 31 toas, 31 baoeleuen,toljicbtocre alfo 
 
 not 
 
 trees. 
 
 <IapeTrtj 
 
 punuv 
 
 •^ttieit ronnet 
 of rtoeaung bv 
 fljclxiarct of 
 
 tljcSica. 
 
 ■ClOO tOtDllfS. 
 
M.lVit.Towrfon.i. Traf iiques and Difcoueries. 
 
 not bigge.ano toe left abocio toitlj the Rafter certaine Manillios/ojljeretoitlj be bought i 2. teeth 
 aboojo tl>c tljtp, tit our abfence : ano ijatiing boiigbt tljcfc of client, toee percciueo tljat tljep Ijao no 
 mote tcctlj; fo in tljat plaeetobere 31 toas one brought to nic a final! goat.tubtclj 31 bottght,anD to 
 t\)i "gpaJtcc at the other place thep brought fine fmall hemic s, tobich he bought alfo, ano after tljat 
 toe fato tljcrc toas nothing elfc to be Ijao, toe DcpartcD,anD bp one of the cloche toe met aboojD,attD 
 then toapeo.ano toent Cau* our routfe 1 8 .leagues flt'll toitbin fight of Lino, 
 
 Clje 2S,tbc toino D-irteD, ano toe ranne into the fca, ano the tot'itDc romming atrat'ne off tfje ba, 
 toee fell tuttlj the lanD againc,anD tfje firlt of the lano tohicb ojc raifeo ibctoco as a great reo cliffe 
 rounD, but not Dcrp high, ano to the CafitoarD of tljat another (mailer reD cliffe, ano right aboue 
 tljat into tlje lano a rounD Ijumnioke ano grecne, toljiclj toe tooke to be trees* Site ranne in thefe 
 2 4.hottrcs,tiot aboue foure leagues. 
 
 %\)t 29. oap commingneere to tlje fboarc,toe perceiucD the rct> cliffe afojefaiorto hatie right 
 topon tlj e top of it a great Ijeaye of trces.ano all to tlje (KRcQtoarDs of it ful of reo cliffesi as farrc as 
 toe cottlo fce,auo all along the ffcoarc,as toell Upon tlje cliffcs,as othertoife,full of toooD:toithin a 
 mile of the faiD great cliffe there is a riuec to the Caff toaros, ano no cliffes tljat toe cottlo fcc,er= 
 cept one fmall cliffe .toljiclj is Ijaro bp it M\c ran tljts Dap anD night 1 2 .leagues, 
 
 Che tot'ttoes that toee hao in this place bp tlje repojts of tlje people ano of thofe tljat haue bene 
 thcre.ljatte not bene ufuall.bttt in tlje tugboat jl-Jojcb off tlje lance, aito in tlje Dap g>tmth off tlje 
 fea,aiiDmoftconnttonlp.jI5o?tljtoctt,anD^)outIjtoefi, 
 
 Che 3 1 ,oav toetoent our courfe bp tlje fboare Ji2o?thtoarDs: this lano is 1 al along a Ioto ftjoare, 
 ano full of toooo,as all tlje roafi is fo? the mod part,ano no rockes. Cbts mooting Ccime out ma* 
 np uoates toijidj limit afifljing, toljiclj bee greater boates then clofe toljiclj toe fatoebefo?e.,fotljac 
 in fome of tljem there fate j.men , but the fafbion of tlje boats is all one, 3in tlje afternoone aboue 
 tbjeeofthe clocke toee Ijao Bgljt ofaCotone bptlje fca Hoe, tobicb our plots iuogcD to he 25* 
 leagues to the KlteiltoarDSof the Cape Trespuntas. 
 
 Clje tljt'ro of Jlanuarpin the morning toefell tottlj tlje Cape Tres puntas, ano tit the night p'aP ««veTrw 
 feD.as oar pilots faioe, bponcof tlje Portugals tallies, toljiclj is 8.lcagurs to tlje dtefftoarosof puDta '' 
 the Cape : upon tlje ftrff ftgbt of tlje Cape toeeDifcerneD it a berp high lano, ano all grotoen otter 
 tottlj trees,artD conimmg neece to tt,toe percetueo ttoo beao lanos,as it toere ttoo USapesbettoirt 
 them toljiclj opencD right to tlje (KLieatoarD,anD the Ottermoff of them is the Caff erne Cape,tljere 
 toe pcreeiueB the nu'DDle Hape , ano the Caff ermctt Cape : the mioole Cape QanDetlj not aboue a 
 league from tlje MXe(t £ape,aItbottgb tlje CarD fijetoetlj tljem to be 3 .leagues one from tlje otijer? 
 anD that miDDleCape hath right before the point of it a fmall rocke fo neere to it,chattt cannot be 
 Difcerneo fromtljeCape,erceptamanbeneeretot^efboare,anDbpon tlje fame CapcfJanDetlja 
 great Ijeape of trees 3 anD tohen a man is thtoarttljetame Cape to theCaff toarD, tljercrlfetlj Ijara 
 hv it a rouitD gre enefjommoke^tobtclj conmictb out of the maine, 
 
 Che thttocCape is about aleagueheponD tlje miDDleCape, anD igabigfjlanoltke to tljeothcr 
 Capes ; anD bettoirt tlje miDDle,aitD tlje tljiroe comnutlj out alttle beaD 0? point of a lano out of the 
 >naine,anD Diuers rocks Ijaro a6oo?D the fboare, 
 
 ■Befo^etoc came to the Capes, being about 8 .leagues off tljem ,toreljatitfje lariD <g)i)fttfjeaff 3 
 anD bp CaQ,anD being paff tfjc Capes, tlje lano runneth in agatne Cad 3Rlo?tbcaff . 
 
 about ttoo leagues bepeno the fartljeff Cape there is a lotocglaoe about ttoo miles !ong,ana 
 then the lanD rifeth Ijigb againe,anD Diuers beao-IanDS rife one beponD anotfjcr,anD Diners rockes 
 lie at trje point oftbefirftljeaD-ianD, Che miDDettoftbefe Capes is tbe neercfi to t!jc@>outij= 
 toaros, 31 meane, further into tlje fea then anp of tlje otljer.fo tljat being to tljcCafftoarDofit.it 
 map be DifcerneD farre off,anD being fo to tbe CalltoarD it rifctlj toitb ttoo fmall rockep. 
 
 Cljis Dap toe ankereo fox fcare of otterfbooting a totone calico S.Iohns. SItec ran tljis Dap not 
 aootte S.leagues. 3ln tlje afternoone this Dap tljerecameaboateoftbecotmtrepfromtbefhoare, 
 tottlj fitte mcninbcr.anD toent along bp i)S,as toe thought.toDtfcerneourflagges^ut tljeptooulo 
 not came neere tjs,anD tohen tljtp (jao toell lookeo bpon 0S,thepDepartcD, 
 
 Clje fourtlj Dap in tlje moming.failing bp tlje roaff, toe efpieo a leogc of rockes bp tbefljoare, 
 ano to tlje cElcft toaros of them ttoo great greenc Ijils iopning together, fo that bettoecne them it 
 toas bolloto like a fat-olc : anD toitbin tljcfaio rockes tbe Jpafier thought the afojenameo Cotone 
 IjaD llooce , ano tljetefoje toe mamtcD our boates, arts tooke tottlj os clot!j,anD other marcljanoi^e, 
 ano rdtocDaf})aav'e,butgoingalongbptljecoaa, toe fatoe that tljcretoas no totone,tljerefo?e toee 
 toent aboojo agaiiiev 
 
 jf com tljefc ttoo ijiIsafajefaio,about ttoo leagttes to tlje Ca(itoarD,Iie out into tlje ©ea almott 
 ttoo 'liiics a leDgc of rockes, ano beponD tljat a great 35ap,tobtclj rttnnctlj into tlje i5o?tlj j^o?tlj« 
 toetttoarD,anD tljclaiiB in this place lietb 3i^oftIj3I5o2tbeafl along thefboare: but tlje Sttermoff 
 
 Ccc 5 point 
 
^o TheJingliih VoyageSjNauigations, M.WU.Tovprfin.i. 
 
 point ot lano in that place tljac toe coulo fee.lap 5fto?tljcatt,anB bp ^aft from us. 
 
 after tljat toe toere toitb a fmall gale of toinoe,runne patt tyat bttcrmoS beao-lano, toefatoe a 
 great reticIirlL',tol;tci) tljeSpaSer agatneiuogeotobetbe cotoneofS.lohns.anDtbentoee tooke 
 our boate toitbmarcbanoi5e,ano toent tl)itbet,ana toljen toe came tljitber,toe perreiuco tljattljere 
 toas a totone bpou the toppe of tbe bill, ano fo toee toent totoaro it,ann toljen roe toere ljaro bp it, 
 tbe people of tlje totone came together a great fo?t of tljem, ano toaueo tos to come in,toitlj a peece 
 ofciot^atiDfotoetocntiiuoavierpfaire^ap.tobicbUetlHotljeCafttoarooftljecIiffe.tobErtup* 
 on t^e totone ttanoetb.anD being toitbin tlje cliffe,tocelet fall our grapnell; ano afcertbat toe ban 
 tarteo tbere a goon fpace, tbep fent a boatc aboo?o of tos, to fljetoe ftstjjat tbep bao goloe, ano tbep 
 ftjetoeo us a peece about Ijalfe a cr.otonetoeigljt,ano requires to knoto ourmcafure.f our toeigbt, 
 tbat tljep might thetoe tbeir Captaine thereof : ano toee gaue tbem a meafure of ttoo elles,anD a 
 toaigbt of ttoo angels to ftjeto tonto bim, tobicb tljep tooke,ano toent ou u)o are,ano HjetoeD it Jjn- 
 to tbeir Captaine, ano then tbep bjougljt bs a meafure of ttoo ellcs, one quarter ano a baife, ano 
 one Ciufado-toeigbt of goto, making bs Cgnes tbat fo mucb tljep tooulD giue fo? tbc Iibe meafure^ 
 ano If ffe tbep toottlo not Ijaue, Sifter tbis,toe tarieo tbere about an ljourc,ano toljen toe fatoe tbat 
 tbep tooulo ooe no otbertoife, ano toitball bnoerttooo, tbat all tlje bell places were befoje bs.toee 
 Departeotoourujippes anotoapeo, ano ramie along the ujoare, ano toent before toitb our boate, 
 ano batting faileo about a Ieagtte,toe came to a point toberetljere lap foo?tlj a leoge of rockes,ltke 
 to tbe otljers before fpoken of.ano being patt tbat people, tbe spatter fpieo a place tobiclj bee fatoe 
 plainelp toas tbe totone of Don Iohn: ano tbe nmijt tons conic upon bs, fo tbat toe coulo nottoell 
 oifcerne tt,but toe ankerco as neerebnto tbe place astoe coulo. 
 *rh«otDmor Cljeftftoavintbemo?ningtoeperceiueoit tobe tbe fame totone in oreoe.ano toe mamieooue 
 Don iobp, boates ano toent tbitber , ano becaufe tbat tbe lad peere tbe Portugals at tbat place tooke atoap a 
 man from tbem,ano after ftjoc at them toitb great bafes,ano oio beate tbem from tbe place,toe let 
 fall our grapnel almofi a bafe (bot off tbe tljoare,ano tbere toe lap about ttoo boures.ano no boats 
 came to bs. ikbencertaineof our men toitb tlje Hindes boate toent into tbe 1t>ap tobicb lietb to 
 tlje <£afitoaro of tbe totone.ano tottbin tbat TSaptbep founo a gooolpfreujriuer,ano aftertoarou 
 thep came ano toatteo to bs alfo to come in, becaufe tbep perceiueo tbe Negroes to come ootone to 
 tbat place,tobicb toe oio : ano immeoiatlp tbe Negroes came to bs , ano macebs Qgnes that tljep 
 ijaogolse.but none oftbem tooulo come aboojo our boatcs, neither coulotoccpercetueanp boate? 
 tbat tbep bao to come toitball, fo tbat toe iuogeo tbat tbe Portugals Ijao fpoileo tbeir boates, be* 
 caufe toe fato baife of tbeir totone oettropeD, 
 
 JBee baiting ftapeo tbere a goon fpace , ano feeing tbat tljep tooulo not come tobs,tb?ul!our 
 boates Ijeaos a ujoare .being botlj toell appoint co, ano tljen tbe Captaine of tlje Z a tone came 
 ootone , be*ng a graue man : ano be came toitb bis oatt tn bid Ijano ,nno fire tall men after !jim,c uc- 
 rp one toitb IjiS oatt $bis target.ano tljcit Darts toere an of p?on, faire ano fbarpe, ano tbere came 
 another afterthem tobichcarieo tbe Captaines fioole : toee falutco bim, ano put ofFour caps,an» 
 botoeo our felues,ano bellike one tbat tbougbt toell of himfelfe, Dio not mooue bis cap, no? fcant 
 botoeo bis boop, ano fate bim ootone berpfolemnlp spon bis fioole: but aU bis men put offtbeic 
 caps tob?,ano botoeo ootoue tbemfelues. 
 
 f£e toas clotbeo from the loines ootone toitlj a clotrj of that Countrep making, tojappeo about 
 him, ano maoe fatt about bis lopnestoitlj agirDle,anoljiscapofacertaineclocb cf tbe Countrep 
 aIfo,ano bare leggco,ano bare footeo,ano all bare aboue tbe Iopnes,ercept bis beao. 
 
 I) is fe r uants, fome of tbem bao clotb about tbeir loines,ano fome nothing but a clot b bettoirt 
 their lcgges,ano maoe fafl befo?e,ano bebinoe to tbeir giroles,ano cappes of tljeit otone making, 
 fome like abaf ket.anD fomelikeagreattoioepurfeofbeafls fktnnes. 
 
 911 tbeir clatb,coweg,giroles,fiujing lines,ano all fucb like things tobicb tbep haue,thep make 
 
 of the bark of certaine trees,ano thereof thep can toojke things berp p?etiIp,ano p?on toojke tbep 
 
 ewmtM tfl« make berp fine,of all fuclj things as tljep ooe occupp, as Darts,fiujboofees,ljooktng pjons,p?on 
 
 sons, hcaos, ano great oaggers.fome of tbem as long as atooookntfe, tobicb be on both Goes ercceoing 
 
 ujarpe, ano benoeo after the matter of Turkieblaoes, ano tlje moll part of tbem Ijaue banging ac 
 
 tbeir left fioe one cfdjofe great Daggers. 
 
 ZMixx. targets bee maoe of fucb pils as their cloth is maoe of,ano berp clofelp toitougbtjanB 
 tljep bee in fojmc foure fquarc.ano berp great,ano fometobat longer tben tljep bee bjoao,fo that 
 kneeling Dotone.tbcp make tbeir targets to couer tljeir tohole boop.^Cheit botoes be fhojt,ano of 
 a pietie flrengtb,as much as a man is able to o?ato toitb one of bis 6ngers,ano tbe firing is of the 
 liarke of a tree,maoe fiat,ano about a quarter of an inch bjoaD: as fo? their arrotoes,31 Ijauenot si 
 pet feenc anp of tbem, fo? tbep ba*> to?appeo tbem bp clofe, ano becaufe 3 toas buCe 31 coulo not 
 QanD about it,to Ijaue tljem open t Ijcni.^beir goloe alfo tljep too?ke berp toell, 
 
 ^Hhen 
 
<£Al,\¥iLT(m>rfon. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 2„i 
 
 ^hen the Captaine toas fet, 31 fcnt fj:m ttoo dies ofcIoclj,aiiDttoobafuas,ai«jgauttiicm 
 Unto him, aim bee lent agatne fojatoaigbtoftljc famemcaftire,ano31fentljimatoetgi)tof ttoo 
 angels, tobicb be tooulo not take, netber tooulo Ijcc futYec the totone to bttp anp tljmg,bttt clje ba= 
 fons of bjalfe : fa tljat toec foloe that cap 74.bafcne Unto tljemen of tljc totunr, fo ? about balfe an 
 Qngcliiieigbt.onetottljanotljerjauij nine toijitebafons,tol)icl)5i)efclDefo? a quarter of an SngeU 
 npecce.oj thereabouts. 
 2Bc fljctoeo them all our otljer things tuljic!) toe ljao,but tljcp did jiot rtrcemctbem. 
 about ttoo of the cloche , the Captaine tobo oto Df part tn the mojntng from us,came againe, 
 ano bjougbctoitbbinnopjcfent tree ruithall, a benne, ano tujo great rootes, teljtc!j3i rcceiuc^ 
 ano after maoe mefignes that the countrep tooulD come to his touine that ntgbt,anD bung great 
 Co je of golD,tohicbin dcco about 4,of the ciockc thepDioifoj there came about i oo.men unocr 3 , 
 Captatnes, toell appomtco iuitb tljeic Darts ano botoes , ano uiljen tljcp came to us , etierp man 
 flickcD ootone bis Dart upon the ujoare,ano the Captatnes Ijao Qooles brought them, ano the? 
 fate ootone, ano fent* poung man aboo^o of us, toljtclj brought a mcafure toith bim of an el^ano 
 one fourth part,ano one fircecntbpart.ano he tooulo Ijaue that fourc times fo? a toaigbt ofone 3n» 
 gell ano ttoelue graines: 33 offeree htm ttoo dies, as 31 bao Done bcfo?e fo? ttoo angels toeigbt s 
 totjiclj he etteemeo nothing, but flill ftuchc acljis fourc meafures afo?efaiD: pet in the enoe,toben 
 itgretoDerplate, ano 31 maoe bun figncs tljat 3! tooulD Depart, Ije came to fourc dies fo? the 
 toeigbtabGutfato,anDotljertoifebetooulDnotDeaie,anofo toe oepaiteo, Chis Dap toe tooke 
 fo? bafons Ore ounces ano a halfe ano one eight part. 
 
 i£befirtDaprathemo?ning toemanneoourboates ano.tbefkiffe todl.fa? feareof tbePor- 
 .tugalstohicb tlje lattpccrebao taken atoap a man from the otljer ffjips, ano toent on fljoare, ano 
 IanDeo,bccaufe tbepbaonoboatesto come to us, ano fotlje poung man toljicbtoastoitb Us tlje 
 night before toas fent aboo?o,tobo fecmeo toljauc Dealt ano bargainee before totttj tlje Portugal s 
 fo? he coulo fpeafee a litle H3o?tttguife , ano toas perfect in toeigbts ano meafures : at his com* 
 nimgljeoffereous.asbebaD Done before, one angell, ano ttoclue graines fo? foureelles, ano 
 mo?e Ije tooulo not giue,anB maoe figncs, that if toe tooulo not take tbat,toe fljoulo Depart, tobicfe, 
 toe oio : but before toe Die tnoeeoe Depart , 31 offereDijtm of fome rotten clotlj tb?ce dies fo? hi? 
 toaigljt of an 3ngcll ano ttoelue graines, toljtch be tooulo not take.anD then toe oeparteo making 
 fignes to Ijim tljat toe tooulo go atoap , as tnoeeoe toe tooulo Ijaue Done , rather then bane giuert 
 that meafttre, although tlje clotb toas ill, feeing toe toere fo neere to tlje placcs,tohiclj toe iuogeo 
 to be better fo j falc. ©jen toe toent aboo?o our fljtps, toljtch lap about a league off, ano came 
 backe againe to the fljoare fo? fano ano balaflr: ano then the Captaine perceittfng tljat tlje boats 
 Ijao brought no marcljanotje but came ondpfo?toater ano fano , ano feeing that toe tooulo De* 
 jjart,came unto them, making fignes againe to knoto tohetljcr toe tooulo not giue the fourc die*, 
 ano tljep maoe fignes againe, tljat toe tooulo giue tljem but tb?ee, ano toljcnthep fatoetbat the 
 aoates toere reaop to Depart, thep came unto tljcm anD gaue them the toe igljt of our 9ngell ano 
 ttoelue graines , toljtclj toe requtreo before ano maoe fignes, that if toe tooulD come againe.tbep; 
 tooulo take tb?ee dies* ^0 tohen tlje boates came aboojo, toe lapoe toares in tljem botlj , ano fo| 
 the fpeeotcr oifpatclj 31 ano lohn Sauill toent in one boat, ano the Spader Iohn Makeworth, arm 
 Richard Curligin , in the other, ano toent on fljoare, ano tbatnigljt 31 tookc fo? mp part fiftle 
 anD ttoo ounces, ano in the other boate tljep tooke eight ounces ano a quarter, ail bp one toetght 
 ano mcafure, ano fo being uerp late, toe oeparteo ano toent aboo jo,ano tooke in all trjis oap tb?ee 
 poitnOj 
 
 ^Ije feuewtb oap toe toent a fljoare agatne, ano tljat oap 3 tooke tn our boate tlj?ee pouno 1 $ 
 ounces, fo tljat toe otfpatcljeo almoC all the clotb tb« toe carieo tottb us before noone , ano there 
 manp of ttje peopletocre oeparteo a; tbofe tljat remaineo bao litle goloe , pet tljep maoe us fignes 
 to fetch them fome lateen bafons.tobicb 31 tooulo not becaufe 31 pt^pofeo not to trifle out p time, 
 btttgoetbencetoitbfpeeDe toDonIohnstatone» 75ut Iohn Sauill ano lohn Makeworth toere 
 nefirous to goe againe: ano 3,lotb to Ijinoer them of anp p?ofice,confentcD,but toent not mp felfe: 
 fotbep tooke eigijteene ouncesofgolo ano came atoap, feeing thattljc people at a certainecrie 
 maoe, toere oeparteo, 
 
 JOhile tbep toere at the fljoare, there came a young felloto toljtch coulo fpeake a little H3o?tu* 
 guife,tottlj tij^eemajeteitlj htm,anoto him 31 fbloe 3 9 bafons ano ttoo fmalltoljttefatocers, foj 
 th?ee ounces , f u toljtclj toas tlje bell reckoning tljat toe oio make of anp bafons : ano in tlje fojte* 
 noone tohen 3 uoas at the fljoare, the Spatter foloe Sue bafons Unto the fame fdloto, fo j balfe an 
 ounce of goloe, 
 
 Chisfelloto,asfarreastoe coulo percciue.ljao bene taken into tlje CaSlebptbe Portugales, 
 ano toas gotten atoap from tbem,fo? Ije toloe us tljat the Porcugales toere bao men,ano that thep 
 
 mao« 
 
60. Portugales 
 in the Ciinit of 
 
 Mina. 
 
 •SThe «HngIitft 
 In anno 1554 
 tookeaiuapj 
 I-Jegtoet. 
 
 32 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, M.Wil.Toifrrfon.i. 
 
 mane cljEtn flaiics if tijep csulo take tljcm.anb luoulo put pjons upon ttictr Icggcs^ ano befibrs he 
 tolo bs, that as man? jf tenchmen 0? Cnglifljmen, as tbep coulo take ( fo? be coulo name tljefe 
 ttoo oerp tocll) thep toculo ijangthem : be trto bsfuttljer , tbat tljcrc toere <5o men in clje cattle, 
 anD tljat euerp pcere tljete came tljicljer ttoo fljippes , one great , anoonc fmall caruell , and fur- 
 ther, tljat Don John baotoarrcstoith the Porcugals,tohichgaue mee tljebetter courage to goe 
 to bis totone, to!ju;!jUetlj but foure leagues from the Caftlc,toberebeitfe our men toere beaten 
 tbelaftpeere, 
 
 Chts fellotoe came aboojo our fijippe tottbettt feare , ano affoone as be came, be bcmaunecd, 
 Uirjp toe Ijao notbjougbt agame tvjetcincrr,lBij!clj thclaH pecre toe tookc atoap , ano coulo tcllbs 
 that tbere mere fine taken atoap bp Cngliujmm : toe made bim anftoere, that tljcp toere in Eng- 
 land well bfeb , ano mere tbere kept till tbep coulo fpeake the language , ano tljen tljcp ttjould 
 be b joirgtjt againe to be a Ijelpe to Cngliujmen in this Comttrep : ano t&en l;e fpake no moje of 
 that matter, 
 
 ©ttr boates being come aboo?o,toe toapeo ano fet faple ano a liile after fpieo a great firebpon 
 the ftjoarc, ano by the light of the fire toe might eifcernea tohite tljing, toljicb tbtp tooke tobetbe 
 Cattle, anofo? fcare of ouerfljoGting the totone of Don lohn toe there ankerco ttoo leagues off 
 the fijoare,fo j it is Ijaro to fetclj bp a totoneljere , if a (hip ouerujoot it, 'Shts bap toe tooke feuen 
 pounD, and Sue ounces of goloe* 
 
 Cbis totone Uctb in a great TSaps tohicbisberp beeped 
 
 'Ehe people in this place Dcftreo mott to haue batons anb clotb^hep toculo tup feme of them 
 alfb manp trifles, as kuiues,ljo?fetailes, homes: ano fomcof our men going aujoare^loacap* 
 aoaggcr,ahatj^c t 
 
 •SLhep ujctoeb bg a certain cottrfe cIotlj,tobich 31 tljinke to be mabe m Fi ance,foj it toas courfe 
 toooll, anb a fmall th?etn , anb as tljicke as toofteb , ano firipeo toitb ttripes of grecne, tohite, 
 pelloto$c. Diners of the people bib toeare about their neckes great beaoes of glaffeofdiuerfe 
 colours* fym a ^° 3! learned fome of tbeir language, as follotoetb : 
 
 ■Sflts !an» 
 5»aat fecmetft 
 parti; to be 
 toirupt. 
 
 Mattea, mattea, 
 
 Daflee,daffee, 
 
 Sheke, 
 
 Cowrte, 
 
 Cracca, 
 
 Bafllna, 
 
 Foco,foco, 
 
 Molta, 
 
 X 
 
 31S their falutation, 
 Sltljankepou* 
 
 ©OlOCv 
 
 Cut* 
 
 fefglKoftht 
 MIllcofMina. 
 
 Don lohns 
 
 ttvinne DetcrJ* 
 
 Smites* 
 
 Batons, 
 
 Cloth, ' • 
 
 (_9puch,o? great flo?r, 
 ^Ijc eigljt bap in the mo?m'ng toetjao Cgljt of the Cattle, but bp reafon of amitte tfjat t(jenfei! 
 toe cottlo not tjattc toe perfect Bght of it, till toe toere almoft at the totoneof Don lohn , ano then 
 it cleareb bp, anb toe fato it anb a tohite ljoufe,as it toere a Chappell, bpon the bill abotit it : theit 
 toe Ijalleo into the thoare , toitljin ttoo Cnglittj miles of Don lohns totone , anb thereanfeerco in 
 fcuen fabome toiiter* l^erej as in manp other places befoje, toe perceiueo tljat the currant toent 
 toitbthe toinse. 
 %\yt lano here is in fome places loto ano in fome higlj, anb full of tooon altcgctber. 
 zkt totone of Don lohn is but litlc, of about ttoentieljoufes, ano tlje mott part oftrje totone 
 is toallebin toitlj a toall of a mans bcigbt,maoe toitb reebe oj febge, 0? Come fucb tbing.i^ere toe 
 ttaieb ttoo ojtb?eebotires after toe bao anketco,tofeeif anp man tooulo come bnto bs: ano fees 
 ing that none sio come, toe manneo our boates ano put in marcbanoi^e, anb toent ano anfeereo 
 toitb our boates neere to tlje ttjoare : then the? fent out a man to bs tobo mabe bs Bgnes tbat that 
 toas tlje totone of Don lohn,ano tbat bebtmfelfe toas in the Countrep,ano tooulo be at home at 
 the going ootone of the gwnne,ano toljen be bab bone, hereauireo a retoarb, as tbe mott part of 
 tljc'm toill ooe toljicb comefirttaboop, ano 31 gaue Ijimoneellof clotljano be beparteb , anb tljat 
 night toe hcarb no mo?e of him. 
 
 %l)e nintb ^&v i* tbe morning toe toent againe toitb om boates to tbe ttjoare, ano tbere came 
 foojtlj a boate to bs, toho mabe ftgnt s tbat Don lohn toas not come borne , but tooulobe at borne 
 this oap : ano to tljat place alfo came another boate from tlje otljer totone a mtlefrom tljts, tobiclj, 
 tscalleoDon Deuis, anb b?ougljt toitlj him goloto ujetobs.mafeingfignesthattoettjoulocome 
 tbitljer»i 3Ttben left in tljts place lohn Sauill , anb lohn Makeworth , ano toofee the Hinde , anb 
 toertt to tlje other totone anb there anfcereb, anb took cloth anb toent to Qjo?e toub tlje boate,and 
 by ano bp the boates came to bs ano brought a meafure of foure paros long 9 a balfe, ano ttjetoeb 
 bs a toeight of an angcll ano ttoelue graiites, toljicb tbep tooulo giue foj lb much, ano not ether* 
 toife: fo 31 ttaieb anb mabe no bargaine* 9no all tbis bap tbe barfte lap at Don lohns totone, ano 
 
 bio 
 
c^Ai.lVilTovprfon.u Traffiques and Difcouenes. 33 
 
 Did nothing, ijauitig anf user? that be mas not come borne. 
 
 ©be tcntlj Da? we tocnt agatnc to tl;e fljoare ,ano there came out a boat toitlj gooo tto?e of goto, 
 ano baiting Djiitictt the matter off a loner. time,anD rjauitip; brought tlje mealure to a naple leBetfeen 
 tljjee eUes.anDtljetriMeisbt toanangell aiio tiuentie graintB,anD couionot ujtngtbcm to moje, 
 31 DiD concltiDeluitl) tljem ano foine, and tottijin one quarter of an Ijottre 3 tooke one poum> ana 
 a quarter cf ait ounce of goloc: ami then thep maoe me ligncs totarp, till ttjej? IjaD parteo tljetr 
 clotb upon the fljoare as their manner tB,amuljcp toouto comeaptne,anb fotljep tocnt auiap, 
 ano lapoc the cloth all abjoab bpon tijefanoe pcece bp prccc,anubpanobp one came running 
 botoitc from the tovune to tljem, anb fpake bnto tljem, ano foojtljtoitlj euerp man maoe as mitclj 
 ba2easbffoutoatoap,anDtocneiutot.betoooDsto bioc bis gotoe ana Ijts cloth: we mtttruttco 
 fotue knauerp, ano being toaueo bp tljem to come a fljoare, pet toe toouto not , but toent aboo^be 
 the Hinde, anb perceitteBbpon the Ijtll ? o men toljicb toe iuogcD to be Portugal ; ano tbep tocnt: 
 bptotbetoppeoftlKbiIlanbtljcremut!ereoanDQjebJeDtbemfelucs,h?-mugaflaggenjithtl)em, 
 ■Cfacn J being oeGrous to knotoe toljat the Hart did , tooke the Hindes boate anb toent totoaros 
 Ijer, anb toben 31 came neere to tljem tljep fljot off ttoo pieces of ojoinance tobicbSI marueileo at: 
 31 mane as much balle as 31 coulo to her, anb met bcr boate anb f kiffc ccmmlng from tlje fljoare 
 in all IjaBc , ami toe met aboo^D together. 'Cljcp (betocD me that thep bao beenc a ujoare alltljat 
 bap , ano hao gtucn to the ttoo fonnes of Don Iohn, to citljcr of them tb?f e parces anb a balfe of 
 cIotb.anD tb?ce batons bettoirt tbcm.atiD Ijab ocliuereb bun i paros of cloth moje anb the toeigljt 
 of an angell anb 1 2 graincs , anb being on lanb bib tarie fo j his anftoere , anb in the meane time H9t2«mfM 
 the Portugals came running from the bill upon them, toljcreof the Negroes a Ittle before bao gi= MjSinuairt' 
 ucn them toamuig.anb bab tbcm to go atoap but tbepperceiuco it not, %\)t fosme of Don Iohn em mm. 
 tonfpircb toitlj the Portugales againfi tljem , fo that tljep toere almoft bpon them , but pet thep 
 recouercb their boate anb fet off from the fljoare, ano the Portugales fijot their calicucrs at them, 
 but hurt no man, anD then tbe ujtp perceuung it y fljot offtlje ttoo peeces afojxfapoe among tljem, 
 Jpereupon toe lapbcbafcsinuotlj the bcatcg, ano in tlje 5§>fetffe ano manneb them tocll,anD tocnt 
 a ujoare agatne.but becattfe of the toinbe toe coulo not lanb, but lap off tn the tea about ten fecjx 
 anb fljot at tljem,but the hill fuccoureb them, ano thep from the rockes ano from the hilles fl<otte 
 at bstoitljtljeirhalfehakes,anotlje Negroes mo?efo?fearetljcnfojlouefloobebptljcm to rjelpe 
 tljem , ano toljentoe fato tljat the Negroes toere in fitch fubicction unto tljem tljat thep burff not 
 fell bsanptljingfojfcarc of tbemtoetoentaboojo,anD tljat ntgljt the toinbe kept at the€au\ fo 
 tbat toe coulo not toitlj our fljip fetch the Hinde , but 31 tooke the boate in the night anb toent a* 
 boo £b the barkc tofeetotjattoas thereto be Done, anb in tlje morning toe perceiueDrbc totone to 
 be in like cafe lapoe toitlj Portugales , fo toe toapeb ano toent along tlje coall . %[yis totone of ^ t tmnt ot 
 Iohn deVifoftanbeth bpon an rjtll like tlje totone of Don Iohn, but it Ijatljbcene burncb,fo doomm* 
 thattljerc are not pafftng fire boufesm it: tlje moa part of tljegolbethat comes thither comes out vu * 
 of tljs countrep, anb no Doubt if uje people Durft f 0} fcarc of the Porcugals b?tng fojtlj their goto, 
 there toouto be Ijab goob floje : but tljep Dare not fcllanp tljing , tljcir fubirction is fo great to the 
 Portugales , t£he 1 1 bap running bp the fljoare toe hab fight of a litle totone fottreleaguesfrom 
 tlje laft totone tljat toe came fcom,ano about balfe a league front tljat, of another totoue bpon a 
 bill, ano halfe a league from tljat alfo of anotljer great totone bpon the fljoare : tofjitljcr toe tocnt 
 to fee toljat coulb there be bane : if toe coulo Doe nothing , then to retttrne to tfaeotljcr totone , be* 
 caufe toe thought tljat the Portugales toouto leauetlje totone bpon our Departure, along from 
 tbecaftlebntotljtsplaceareberphtghljtllestoljichmapbefeeneaboue all other hilles, but thep 
 are full of tooob, anb great reb cltffes bp the fca fibe , %\>e boates of thefe places are fometoljac 
 large anb btgge, fo? one of them toill carcie ttoelue men, but their fomte is alike toitlj thefomier 
 boates of the ccaS, <ZCljere are about thefe totoncs feto riucrs : tijt tr language Differcth not from 
 the language bfeb at Don lohns totone : but euerp one can fpeake tlj?ee ojfottre toojbg of poj * 
 tuguife, torjicb tljep bfeD altogether to bs, 
 
 ffilte fatoe this niglje about 5 of the clockc 2 2boates running along tlje fljoare to the ftUetl* 
 toaro,totereupon toe fufpccteo fame knatterp intcnDco againfl bs, ®lje 1 2 pap therefo je toe fet 
 faple anb toent further along the coatt.anb DcfcrteD mo?e totones tohcrcin toere greater boufes 
 then in the ottjer totoues, anD the people came out of the totoncs to tooke bpon bs , but toe coulo 
 fee no botes. 'SCtoo mile bepono the ?Eattermott totone are blacke rocks, torjicljblacfee rockes 
 continue to the bttermot! cape of the lano, tohtch is about a league off, anb then the lanb runnes 
 tn Cattnojtljeaft, ano a fanop fljoare againe: bpon thefe blacke rockes came ootonecertaine Ne- 
 groes , tubicb toaucb bs toith a tobtte flagge.but toe perceiuing tlje p jincipallplace to be neere, 
 toouto notdap, but bare Hill along the fljoare: anoasfooueastoehaDopeneDtlje point of the 
 latiDjtoe rapfeo anotber beao-Ianb about a league offtlje point , tobtcb bab a rocke Iptngr off it 
 
 into 
 
 
Jpotite men w> 
 Sen ■mj»v by 
 
 tJjcCiiBiilh- 
 
 Merest totont, 
 
 34. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations,A4.^//.T<m>;/0«.i. 
 
 into tlje lea, ana that tljcp thought tabc the place which toe fought, JHEUjen toe came thtoarc the 
 place tbeptneto it, anD toe ptutoaresmtoottr boate, ano the Ifr^ 
 
 place anhereB in fiue fabome toater ano fatte grouno . 22lc toent on fljoare toitlj our boate , anD 
 ankcreo about ten of tlje eloekeitt tljcfoienoone : toe fato manp boates Iptng upon tlje ujonre,ani> 
 piuerscamcbpus,butncneofthemtooulD come necrebs.betngas toe iuDgeD afraid of bs: be- 
 taufe that fourc men tone taken perfojee the Iaftpcere from this place, fo that no man came to 
 bs, tohereupon toe toent aboojo agame, anD thought here to faatte maoc no fale j pet totoaroes 
 night a great fojt came ootone to tlje toater fioe, ano toaueD be on fljoare toith a totjtte flagge, ano 
 aftertoaroe their Captaine came Dottme ano manp mentoitbbim,ano fate bim ootone bp the fijoje 
 totoer a tree: toljicb totjen 3! pecceiuco, 31 tooke tfaings toitb me to giue bim: at lafi be fent a boat 
 tti call to us , totjtclj tooulD not come nccre us , btit maoe bs fignes to come againe tlje nert cap: 
 but in fine, 31 got them to come aboojo in offering them things to giue to their captaine, tobicb 
 toere ttoo clles of cloth, one latten bafon, one tthite baton, a bott!e,a great piece of beef e.ano fire 
 JjiCfeet cakcs,tohicb tbep receiueo malting us fignes to come againe the nert bap, faptng,tljat their 
 Captain toss Grand Capitane as appeareD bp tbofetljat attenoeoupon him toitlj tbctr Darts anu 
 targets, ano other toeapons. 
 
 Cfais totone is beep great ano ffairos upon a btllamong trees, fo that it cannot tocll be feene 
 except a man be nccre it: to the Call toaro of it upon the hill Ijaro bp tl;e totone ftano 2, high trees, 
 toljicb is a gooo marke to knotoe tlje totonci &no unoer the totone lieth anotljcr Ijill lotoer tljen it, 
 tohereupon the feabcates : ano that enti net t the fea is all great blacke roches, ano beponoe tlje 
 totone in a bap lietlj another fmall totone. 
 
 Che 1 3 cap in tlje rooming toe tooke our boate ano toerit to fijoarejano flapeD till ten a clockc 
 ana no man came to bs : toe toent about therefore to returne aboo?D , ano toljen the Negroes fato 
 tljat, the v came running do tone toith a flagge to toauc bs againe, fo toe ankcrcD againe, anD then 
 one fljetoeo us tljat the Captaine tooulo come Dotone bp anD bp: toe fato a faile in the mesne time 
 paffebpbs but it toas fmall, anD toe regaroeoit not, TSetng on fijojetoce maoe a tilt until our 
 oares ano faplc , anD then there came a boate to bs toith fiue men in her, toho brought bs againe 
 our bottle, ano biougbt me a Ijen, making fignes bp tlje funne, tljat toitbinttoo bcures tlje mar- 
 chants of tlje countr ep tooulD come Dotone ano b up all that toe ijao : fo 3] gauc them fire £0anil« 
 ttos to carrp to their Captaine, anD the? maoe fignes tofaaue a plcDgc of bs, ano thep tooulo Ieaue 
 bs another man : ano toe toilling to Doe fo, put one of our men in their boate , but thep tooulD not 
 giue us one of tbeirs,fo toe tooke our man againe, ano there tarrteo fo 1 1 lie marchants: ano Cjojt- 
 ip after oue came ootone arrapeo lilse their Captaine toirlj a great traine after Ijim,toljo falutco bss 
 frienblp, auD one of the cbicfeff of tljem toent ano fate Dotone bnocr a trec,toberc tlje lafi pere the 
 Captainetoas toonttofit: ano at lafttoepercetueo a great manp of tljem to llano at tbeenoeof 
 ahoIlototoap,anobebim>etljem the Portugales IjaD planteo a bafe,tobofuDoenlp fljotte atbs 
 but ouerfljot bs, ano pet toe toere in a manner baro bp them, ano thep fljot at bs againe befo?e toe 
 coulD (hip our oares to get atoap but did no hurt, Chen tlje Negroes came to the cocks barD bp bs, 
 ano DifcWgeD calieuers at bs > ano againe the Portugales fljot off their bafe ttoife mo?e,ano then 
 our ftjip fljot at tljem, but tberockesanDljillesDefenocD them, 
 
 Chen toe toent aboo?Dto goe fromthis place, fceingthe Negroes bent againffbs.becaufe 
 that the laflpeere M. Gainfh did take atoap tlje Captatncs fonne anD tlj?ee others from tin's place 
 toith their goloe, ano all that thep faao about them : tobicb toas the caufe tljat thep became f rietrtiiS 
 toith tlje Portugales, toljom before tljep bateo, as did appeare the lafi peere bp the courteous 
 intertainement tobich tlje Trinitie Ijsd there , toljen the Captaine came aboojD tlje fijippe , ano 
 brought them to fats totone , ano offercD tljem grouno to Inula a Cattle in, ano there thep has 
 gooo fales. 
 
 %\)t 14 DaptoetoapeoanoplpeDbacKe againe to feeketlje Hinde.tobtcljinthe morning toe 
 met, ano fo toe turneo botfa backe to the Cafttoarbes to fee tubat toe coulD Doe at that place tofacre 
 tlje TrihitieDiD fell Ijer cigtjt frtfeS the laft peere. Cbe Hindebao taken eighteene ounces anB 
 a ljalfemojeofgolDeofotfaerNegroes,tbeDap after tfaat toe left them. Cljis Dap about one of 
 the ctocke toe efpieb certaine boates bpon the fano ano men bp tljem ano toent to them toith mar* 
 cbanDi?eS 3 ahD tooke tfa?ee ounces of golo fo? 1 8 fuffs of cloth, euerpfuffe tljjee paros ano a faalfe 
 after one angell ano 1 a graines the fuff e,ana then tfaep maoc me fignes tljat the nert Dap 3 QjoulB 
 Ijaue golDe enough : fo the Spatter tooke tlje Hmde toitfa lohn Sauill anD Iohn Makeworth, ano 
 toent to feeke the place afojefaiD, 9 31 toith Richard Pakeman remaincD in tljis place to fee toljat 
 toe couIddo the nert Dap : ano tohen tlje Negroes percefueDour ftjip to go atoap>tbep fearen that 
 the other tooulD folloto,? fo fent fojtb 2 boats to bs tottlj 4 men in tljem, requiring bs to tarp 9 to 
 qjMt t^em one manfoj; a pleDge,ano a of tljem fljoulo tarp toith bs fo? ljim,fo Edward s©.Morlcis 
 
 feruant 
 
 STtie lifif Hjcb 
 tnein the 
 ccitiutrepof 
 
 Prcic lannu 
 
 £^aftf r Robm 
 GaindirsiJOS* 
 eg? (3 Guinea 
 in anno 1554. 
 
 ^tjc «?nglinj 
 
 lucre oITcvcD to 
 
 tiuiia .( tcujnc 
 
 tuCuinc, 
 
MJVtl.To\wfonA Traffiques andDifcoueries. ^5 
 
 feruant feeing tbcfe men fo earuetttbereinoffereo Ijimfclfe to be pleogc , ano we let Ijmi gee to\ 
 ttoo of tljem , one tobcreof Ijab Ijts toaigljts ano fcales , anD a cbaine ofgolor about Ijis necke,ano 
 miotijer about bie arme. %tyy Din cate of fuclj tljinga astoc IjaD ano lucre toell cow cntco. 3|n 
 tlje night tlje Negroes kept a Iter, Ijt bpon tbe fljoare tljtoart of bs , ano about one of tbe clccke tee 
 Ijcaro anb fate tlje ligljt of a bafe toljiclj Qjot off ttoife at trjefaio IigIjt,anD bp ano bp DtfcIjargcD ttoo 
 caltcuerg, tobicb in tlje enb toe percciueD to be tbe Portugals bjigatiDinc toljiclj follotoeo us from ■x poimgau 
 place to place , to giue warning to tbe people of tlje rottntrep , clj at tljcp fljoulo not Dealc toitb t>sf ^J'fl««*''«. 
 
 %ht 1 s oap in tlje morning tlje Captaine came bourne toitlj i oo men toitb Ijim , aim bjougbc 
 (jis toife, ano manp otljers brought tljeir toiucs alfo, becaufe tbctr totone toa& 8 nulcs bp in tlje 
 countrep,anb tljep bccermineo to lie bp tlje fca Coe till tljep Ijarj bought toljat tljep toottlD. (HUjen 
 ^e toas come Ije fent our man aboojo , ana requires to baue ttoo men plebgcs , anD be [jtmfelfe 
 tooulD come aboojb , anb 3 fene Ijim two, of tobom Ijc toofee but one , ana fo came abao?o bs, be 
 anD Ijis tatfc Uiitlj biuecs of Ijisfrtcnes, ano bjougljt me a goate anD ttoo great rootes, ano 31 gatte 
 dim againe alatten baton, a toljitebafon, 6 manillios, ano a bottell of Sg)almcfie, anD to bis toife 
 a fmall caf feet. Sifter tljis toe began to make our meafure anb tocigljt : anb Ije bao a tongbt ot bis 
 oiunc toljiclj brio one angel! ano 1 4 gratnes^no requires a meafure of 4 elles ano a tjalfr . 3in fine 
 toe concluoeo tlje 8 part fo? one angellanb 20 grain:?, ano befoje toe Ijab bone, tljep toofee untie 
 otonc tocigljt anb meafure. 
 
 Clje 1 6 oap 31 tooke 8 It, 1 ounce of golo : anb fince tlje Departure of tbe Hinde 31 beam no t of 
 ber,but bJljcn our plcbge toent into tbe countrcp tbe firtt nigbebf faio be lato Ijer call anfeer abotte 
 fine leagues from iljis place. €.Ije 1 7 Dap 31 folo about 1 7 pieces of clotb , 9 toofee 4. It . 4 ounces 
 ano a balfe of golo. Cbe 1 8 Dap tlje captaine beSreD to baue fome of our toinc, ano offercb Ijalfc a 
 cucfect of golo fo? abottell: but 31 gaue ttljtm fteeIp>anD mabe Ijim anb bistrainc D?infee bcftDcs, 
 Snb tbiiSDapalfo 3i toofee 5 li, 5 ounces of golo. 'Clje 19 bap toefolo about 1 8 clotbes,anD toofee 
 4 IU4. ounces anb one quarter of goloe. 
 
 Clje 20 Dap bac toofee 3 li. fire ounces anb a quarter of golDe, <£Ije 2 1 toe toofee 8.U. 7. otm* 
 ces ano a quarter. €.lje 22.3,li.8,ounces anD a quarter. 9no tljis nigljt about 4 of tbe cloche tlje 
 Captaine toljo Ijab lapen all tljts tobile bpon tlje liioare 5 toent atoap tottlj all tlje rctt of tlje people 
 toitljbim. 
 
 Ci?e ? 3 Dap toe toerc toaueD a fboare bp otljer Negroes,anD folo tljcm clotlj, caf kcts, femttes, 
 ann aDofinofbelB,aiiD toofee i.li.io.ounce8ofgolo. ^Dlje 24lifectoifctoe folDbcIs^njeetts.nnb 
 tljtmbles,anb toofee ttoo li. one ounce ano a quarter of goiD. ttlje 2 5 Dap toe folo 7 oofen of final 
 bela anD otljer things, anD tljcn percciuing cbeir golb to be Done, toe toapco ano fet faplc 9 tcrnt 
 to leetoaro to fecke tlje Hinde,anD about 5 of tbe clocfee at nigljt toe IjaD Cgljt f bfr,ano b;ire toitij 
 ber,\mD bnoerflooo tljat Qjee IjaD maoe fomefales . 'Cljc 26 Dap toee recctucD cut of tlje Hinde 
 48 li. 3 ounces anb one eigbt part of golDe,toljtcIjtIjcpbaD taken in tbe time cfjat toe toerc from 
 tbem. SlnDtbtsoapbpontberequeflof a Negro tbat came bnto bsfrom acaptaine,toetoctuto 
 ftjoare toitlj our marcbanDt?e,ano toofee 7 li.a»vo one ounce of golo. 9t tljis place t Ijep required no 
 gages of bs,but at mgljt tljep fent aman aboo?b b3,toljiclj lap toitlj bs all nigljt,becaufe toe migljt 
 knotoe tljat tbcp tooulo alfo come to bs tbe nert Dap , "Clje 27 Bap in botb our tljippcs toe tookc 
 8.li. one ounce, tljjce quarters anD Ijalfc a quarter of goloe. 'SClje jStocmaDcfcilesfojtbe com- 
 panic,snD tooke one pouitb anoljalfe an ounce of golD, 'Clje 29 Dap in tlje mojnmg toe be arb ttoo 
 calieuers tljot off bpon tbe flune, toljiclj toe ittbgeo to be ettber bp tlje Portugales 0? bp tlje Ne- 
 groes cf tlje Portugales : tox mannco our boates ano armeb our felues anD toent to Qjoare , but 
 coulDfittDcnotbing: fo^tljeptoeregonc, 'EbC3oDaptoeniaDemojefBlesfo?tbeccmpanie aim 
 fojtljeapaaers, 
 
 %\)z 3 1 toe fent our boate to ujoare to take in fano foj balaOE, anb tljere our men met tbe Ne- 
 groes,toitb tobom tljep Ijab maoe fale tbe Dap befo je a finjing tobiclj Dto Ijelpe tljetn to fill fanD,aitD 
 bautng no golD.folo fiftj to our men fo? tbeir IjanDkercljiefes anD nigljtkertljiefes. 
 
 •Ojc i 4iap of jFebjuarp toe toaptb anb toent to anotber place,anb toofee 1 .It.p.outiccB 3 quar= fi'biMUt. 
 tersofgolD. ?Cbe2baptoemabemo?efales:butbauing btetocbourbictuais,toeDctcrmineDto 
 tarie no long time bpon tbe coafl, becattfe tbe mofl part of our D?inke toas fpent, 5 tbat tobicb re= 
 maineDgretofotojcClje ?anD4DapestoemaDefomefales, tljottgb not great, anofinDingtlje <Eiicrrcmn« 
 toino tljis 4,bap to come off tlje fljoare.toz fet faile ano ranne along tbe ujoare to tbe ffiUcQtoaros: fD1 E " sland - 
 bpon tbts coaft toe founb bp trperiencc tljat oiDtnarilp about 1 of tbe clocfer in tbe nigljt tlje totnbe 
 comes off tbe ujoare at ii3o?tljmntbeati, ano fo continuetb btittll eight of tbe cloche m tlje mbii 
 ning:anball the reftof tlje oap anonigbt itcomeaoutoftlje^outbwefttanDasfo? tlje tioe 0? 
 currant bpon tljis fijo?e, ttgoetlj conttnttallp toitb tlje toinbe. %\z 5 oap toe contuiucb fapling 
 anb tboitgljt to Ijaue met toitlj fome Cngliu) lbips,but founb none. 
 
7fi The Engli(KVoyages,Nauigations, M.lViLToitorfon. 
 
 z. 
 
 Cape Je Monte. 
 
 Hpjflt 
 
 % l) c lire oap toe vuciu our courle it>outbtoett to tetclj onoer tlje line , anD ranne bp eOtmatioii 
 24 leagues* 
 
 %\)t 1 3 nap toec thought one felues bp one reckoningto be ricare off tbe Cape dasPalnw, 
 ano ratine 1 » leagues, 
 
 %ljt 2 2 Dap toe lucre cljtoatt of tbe Cape de Monte, tobiclj is to tlje SOeOuiaro of tbe IRiuer 
 
 de Seftos, about 3 o leagues. 
 
 spates). * Clje ftrff Dap of S® acclj in a Ternado tee loll tlje Hinde, toljcrcupon toe fee Dp a ligbt aim ujoc 
 
 off a piece but co uto not Ijeare of ber,fo tljat tben toe Brooke our faile ano tarieo fe 2 ber, ano in tbe 
 
 moining IjaD figljt of (jer againe tbjee leapes a Berne off bs. 
 
 c^e verde tu Slpon tlje 1 2 Dap toe founo our felues to be in the beigtjt of Cape Verde, tofjitfc llanos in 14. 
 
 ""'"'ftahatfi begreesanoatjalfc 
 
 bc«8 * u g tm t ^ t id tfje 29 nap toe continues out courfe, ano tben toe founo bur felues to be in 
 2 2 Degrees. 'Cbis oap one of our men calleo William King , tobo ban bene long fitke , Dieo in bis 
 fleepe, bis apparell teas oifiributeo to tbofc tbat iackt it, ano bis monep teas kept foi bis fricnos 
 to be Deuuereo tbem at Ijis commtng borne, 
 dje 2 o Dap tee founo ottc felues to be bnoer tlje Tropike, 
 %\)t 3 1 nap toe toent our courfe, ano tnaoe teap 1 8 leagues* 
 jFromtljcfiritoapof Spjill to tbe 20 toe toent our courfe, ano then founo out felues to bee itt 
 tbe height of tbe Afores. 
 
 Che feuentb Dap of SJ&ap teefell toitb tbe South part of Ireland , ano gofng on fljoare toitlj 
 our Ijo.1 tc bao frcuj onnke, anD tteo fbeepe of tbe count rep peop!e,tebirb ttere totloe Kemcs.ano 
 tee gatte tljem goloe foi them , ano bought furtbec fuel) other oictuals as tee bao neeoe of, ano 
 thought teoulo fcrue os till tee arriueo in England, 
 grtitit Atrinnii %\)t 1 4 oap toitlj tbe afternoone tioe toe toent into tbe poit of Brifloll calleo Hungrodc , ano 
 at Btiftoiu t i )(ft m ^. aa i n t^ifetie ano gaue tbankes to ©oo foi our fafe arriuall. 
 
 The fecond voyage made by Maifter FFiIliam Tofurfon to the 
 coaftofC7»wt?**,andtheCaftlcofAf/««,inthcyccrc 155 6. with the Tiger 
 
 of London, afhipof 1 jo'cunncs,thc Hart oiLondonoi 6otunnes,andaPinncfleof 
 lixtcehe cunnes. 
 
 '• % %>£ fourteenth oap of @>eptemuer,tlje peere abouefapo, tee oepartco from Har- 
 iri" vsich , ano oirecteo our courfe foi the Me of Sillie , tomecte tbere toitlj tbe 
 .Hare ano Ipinncffc, tebicb teere riggeo ano bictualeo at Briftoll , but arr imng 
 1 tbere tbe eight ano ttoentietb oap toe founo tbcm not, ano therefore after long 
 Iptng at bull to tame fo? them, but not efpping tljem, toe turneo backe to Plim- 
 ' mouth tbe 1 2 oap of 2Dctober,ano being tbere.tbe Han ano tbe ipmncffe came 
 tobs.fo that tbe 1 y of tftouembcr toe alloeparteo together from Plimmouch at one of tbe clocke 
 in tlje after noone.ano tlje s 8 oap toe bao fight of tlje 3lKc of Porto Santo, ano tlje nerc oap in 
 tlje moming Of Madera. 
 
 Clje tljiro oap of December toe fell toitlj tlje %c of Palma,ano tbe? toe toerctbtoart of Cape 
 Blankc, ano founo tljere cectaine Caraucla fiOjing foi Pargoes. 
 
 ^bc 19 toe founo our felncs in tlje beigbt of Sierra Lcona, ano all tbt'SDap toetanne tljtoart 
 of certaine Cttrrancs,toljiclj did fet to tbe Cillcfl: >%>outbteelltearD fo faff as if it bao bene tlje otter* 
 fall of a fano,making a great nopfe like onto a flreame 0; tioe-gate toben tbe tenter is fboale: ano 
 top;oouetebtcbccteetoulo6noegrounointbis place, tee founDcDanDbaDi5ofaDome,anono 
 grotmo , ano fo oeparteo. 
 
 ZMi 3 o of December tee felltettb tlje coaff of Gulnea,ano Ijao firtt Ggbt of it about 4 leagues 
 off, Clje bed marke tljat tee coulo take of tbe place to knotee it teas tb?cetjilles , tebitfj lap 
 jaojtljcart ano bp€attfromos: betteirt tlje jSo^ljermoftttoo billes tbere are tteo bigb antt 
 great trees (tanoing in Ggbt as it teere afailesbieaotb one from another ,ano a title mo?e to tlje 
 jaojtbtoefftoarosare certaine bommocks, ©auingfapleofometobat into tbe ftjoarctoee tooke 
 our felues to be fljotte fometoljat patt tlje rtuer de Seftos, fo tbat tec kept about to fetcb it. 9na 
 alitle after toe baDttgbtoftbieefapIeBOf Cjippesano ttoo pinnefles tebicb teere in tbeteeatber 
 of bs, ano bautng ftgljt of tbcm toe maoe our felues reaote to meete tljem, ano bailee off our fljips 
 tofctclj tbe totnoeasneereastoecoulo : anoljauingfapleo about an boureo? tteo,tbep alio 
 toent about, ano toent as toe toent to make tbemfeluesreaoic, ano toben toe bao tbcm in cbafe, 
 tljeptoentatoapfrombs: but toben tljep bao mane tbemfelues reaote, tljcp kept about againe, 
 ano came toicb usseriemielp appointeoteitlj tlieir ttreamers.ann penoants ano enCpts, ano 
 
 ' nopfe 
 
 jnourinbtr. 
 
 B>tc«mb(r. 
 
 Sierra Leons, 
 
n- ■ 
 
 M.WiUSTovprfon z. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 37 
 
 itopfeoftrumpetstoerpb?auclp:fotobentoemet, t&ep ban tfje tueattjecof Ds, ano toe being oc= 
 
 tcrmineo to ag^c,tft&cp baa bene Portugals, toaueo them to come bncer our ire, tohich tljep cc* 
 
 nico fioutlp : then toe oemaunoeo of tljcm tobence tbep toere, aim tbep fapo of frame, toe tola 
 
 tljcm againe tbac toe toere of London in England . Chep afkeo of bs tobac Portugals tore baa 
 
 feene.toe anftocreo.nonebutjf iujermen: t^en tljcp told us tfjac there toere tertatnc Portugall 
 
 Qjtps gone to tbe Minatoaefeno it, ano tbat tbep met toitb anocljer at the ritter dc Seftos, toljiclj ^hc rmcrof 
 
 tons a tljtp of ttoo bunojeo toht'cb tljep bao burneb, ano ijab faueo none but the matter arto ttoo t} StRos ' 
 
 tbjee jf5cgrcsi,atiD cercaine otljers toljiclj tnert fo?c bumeo tuljiclj tijep left a f!jo?e tljerc . Chett 
 
 ttjep osfireo to come abocjo of toss toitb tljeir btmtes to talke toitb bs, ano toee gaue them Itme. 
 
 Chen the capcaine of the StomiraH ana oiuers others came absorb bcrp frienoip, Dcfiring bs to 
 
 feeepe theiticompanp btcatife of the Portugals,anb to goe to tbe Mina toitb them : toee tolotbrm 
 
 Chat toe ban not toatcreb.ano that toe tocre but noto fallen toitb the coaB, ano the? fljr tocc bs that 
 
 toe toere fiftie leagues paff the riuer deSeftos : nottoithuanoing there toes toatcr enough to be 
 
 Ijao, aso tljep tooulb belpe bs to toater toitb their otone boats becaufe tbtp tooulo baue our com* 
 
 panic, 3no tola bs further, tbattbepbao bene fire toeeftes bpon the coaff, ano bao gotten but 
 
 thjee tunnes of graines amongC them all : anb toben t»ee bao bearo them, toe mabe our rccho* 
 
 lung that although the Mina toere cleare, pet if tbcp oio goe before bs, thep tooulo marre our 
 
 ntarnet ; anb if it toere not clcare,tbeiiiftbe Portugals toere there ana bio talsetbem^bcp tooulo ontcit abmit 
 
 tmoeeffano that toe toere bebina.ana fo tooulb toaite fo? bss . Slno further toe maoe account tbat t ^ [ ', / ^u mm 
 
 iftoetoemtotththemtoetboulODoeasbfleHasthep,ifthccoalItoereclearctifittoercnotcle5re, nuothiKtom« 
 
 then bp them toe toere affureo to be the ffronger, Cberefojrbauing confioerto tlm much of their I ' an '*• 
 
 gentleoffers, toee tola them that the nertoaptoec tooulb conferre mo?e largelp of the matter* 
 
 ffinhetcttponthepbefireometocome'ttje nertoaptoaimicrcotbem, anotobjutgthe mailers of - 
 
 cur mips toith me,ana fucb marcbant&as 35 thought gooa,pjoimfing to giue be tonter out of their 
 
 otone fljtps if toe tooulb tnU tc,oj els to carts toith bs ano heipe bs to toatcr toith their oton boats 
 
 anapinftatTes, ": "" '■ 
 
 Cbc 3 1 bap in the moaning t&Mamit'an fent his boat aboo ja fo? me,ana 31 tookc our maffersJ 
 ano ccrtainc of our marchants ano tocnt to him, toljo baa pjouioeO a notable banquet foias, ana 
 intreatebbsberpfrtenalp, oefiringtoHltlltofteepehwcompanp, p?omiungtbat toija actuals 
 lucre tftbt$ujips,oj other things tfjat might ooe as pleafurcbntill the eno/uje Qjculo [wise jl;s nne 
 balfe of it, offering bs if toe tooulo to fwrle his jfiaga, anotobeeatourccmmatmccmcnt in ail 
 things, ; .i "> u 
 
 3ln tlje awe toe agreto to tomato an anaer, ano to fena our boat on (rjo^e toitb the SomitaTs 
 boat.anaoneofbispimtafles, anDa'nSlmainetohicbtbepbaabjougbtout ofjfrancc, tofeche 
 toatcr;as fo? our pimtaffe fbe came to an anker to featoaro of bs aIl,ano tooulo not come at bss. Sit 
 cbis nigbtxbe boats continueo on fbo je, 
 
 ■Che fir ft cap of Sianttarp our boats came to bs agatne ano fjaa fo anb no r iucr,E2Hjer cupen toe 
 toeigheo anafetfaile,anoankreo againe at another riuer, 
 
 %\)t 2 Da? to e tocnt into the titter ano bargaineo,ano t oofec 5 fmal! Clephantg teefb. 
 
 t^fee 3 onp toe tooRt 5 mo?e, 
 
 •Che fourth cap the jTrencbSDntiraflanO toe rooRefifceeuefmallteetlj, CbtsoaptocetooRe «nao<»nitbj). 
 thirtie men toith bs ano tocnt to feefte €lephants, our men being all toellarmeb toith barque* ontU «* ants « 
 buues, piaegjlongbotoeSi crotfebotocfi, partisans, long fmojoes, anbftoo?DesanobucMers» 
 toee founo ttoo. Elephants tohich toee flto&e outers times toith harquebuffes ano long kotoes, 
 but the? tocnt atoap from bs ano ljurt one of our men, 'Che fift oap toe fct (ailc anb ramie along 
 tbcroafl, 
 
 Che 6 oap toe fell totth tl;e riuer de S. Andre, at tohich place the lanb is fometohat high to tlje rj j e s. An&e. 
 SKcatoarooftheriuer,anoafaire^aiealfotothe(!21cfitoaroofit:buttotl)e CaCtoarcof it it SS?*tSS 
 islotoelafto, ssointtna, 
 
 Che? bap toe toent into theHiuer ana founano bfllage, but cettaine totlo J!2cgro3 not accu« 
 flomeo to traoe,31t is aberp great tiuer ana 7 facome toater in fomeplaces at tlje cntring, i^ere 
 toe fillea toater,ano after fet faile, 
 
 Che 8 cap toe faflea along the fijoje ana came to the HiUflcliffeSjnno tocnt fbjtoaro in failing the 
 oOapnlfo. 
 
 Cbe 10 cap toe came together to confer toith captafne BIundel3omiral of the JTrnuhu)t'p<?, 
 Ierom Baudet his biceaomiral,ano Iohn de Orleans matter of afljip of 70 tttnne, ano toith their 
 marchants, anoagreeotbattoben<0oOujoulDfcnobstoanp place toheretoee might mate fair, 
 that toe fboulo be of one acco;o ano not one of bs hurt the market of the other, but ccrtainc of our 
 ooates to mafcetijepjtcefojaUtljerea, ana thymine boatetomaRefalefo^eucrp fljippe ♦ Cbts 
 t . Ddd night 
 
The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, MWilfTotorJbri', 
 
 2. 
 
 Allow, 
 
 totalis. 
 
 ^Tpe caOIe of 
 
 Mina. 
 
 CapedsTtB 
 
 pumas. 
 
 night our boats goingto tbe fijoje met toit|) certaine tftegros, tobofaio t&at tbep (jao goto, ana 
 i&erefoje toe here call anker. 
 
 ©be i t Dap all the nap wc tooke but one fcalfc angel toeigbt of 4 grainesS, tobiclj toe tooke bp 
 hanD,fc? tlje people of this place hao no toeigbt : the jfregros callen this place Allow. 
 
 ©Ijc 1 z nap toecan along the coafl ano founo but one totone, but no loates tooulo come out (a 
 bS,ano thercfo?e toe toent our cotttfe.' 
 
 ©he 1 ? nap 31 tooke mp boat ano toent along tfje ujoje,ano palfeu bp Diners fmall totones,ano 
 toas toaueo to come on ujoje at 3 places,but the fea toent fo bigbbpon tlje ujo?e, that it toae noc 
 pottiblc fo? D0 to lano,nettber coulo tbep come to u if tbep fmo bac boats,as 31 coulo fee none but 
 atone place, toljere there toas one that tooulo haue come bntobs , but tbe i,ano=toauj toent fa 
 fo?e tljat it onertlj?cto bis boat ,aim one of tbe men toas o ?otoneo,tobicb the people lament en, ano 
 crieo fo fo?e,tbat toe might eafilpljeare tbem,ano thep got bisboop out of tbe fea,anocarito it *• 
 mongtt tbem to their totone* 
 
 ©be 1 4Dap toe came tottbtn ;§>aker-ujot of the cattle,? ttraighttoap tbep fetfojtlj ano aimaoe 
 to oefcrp os, ano toben tijepperceiueo that toe toereno Portugal s, tbep ranne toitbin the totone 
 Dondou a g«at againe : fo? there is a great totone bp the Cattle tobiclj is calleo bp the Jftegros Dondou.JUaitlj* 
 outthistbereliettoogteatrockes like aianog, ano the cattle fianDetbbpon apoint tobiclj ujcbp 
 ctb almett like an 3ilano. Kefoje toe came at this cattle, toe fauna tbe lano fo? Bite 0; fir leagues 
 to be high lano,ano about fcuen leagues before toe came to tlje eattle.lotoe lano, until toe came ac 
 tlje catt!e,ano tbentoee founo tbe lano bigb againe i ©bis cattle ttancetb about Sue leagues to> 
 tbe €atf of Cape de Trespuntas. tytxc 3i tooke tljeboate toitlj our jQcgrog ano rannealongtt 
 tlje fljoje till 31 came tc tbe Cape ano founo ttoo fmall t otoncs", but no boates at tljem^ncitljer a-- 
 nptraffiquetobeljao. 9t tbefe places our j^egrosoiobnorrflano tbem ttell, ano one of them 
 toent a ujo?e at all the places ano toas toell receiueo of them. ©bis night toe anfetco at tlje Cape 
 de Trespuntas. .,,3 Jj'f-ij _'; 
 
 ©be 1 5 cap 31 tooke our bo at ano toent along the ujo?e,f about 3 leagues bepono tlje Cattec 
 moil part of tlje Cape toefounoafatrel3aptoberetoeran.in,a8pfounoarmal totone ano certaine 
 boates tobicb belongeD to the fame totone, but (be Begrgs in a long time tooulo not come to tos, 
 but at tlje laft bp tlje pctftoafion of our otone .i3cgros,one boat came to w, ano toitlj him toe fene 
 George our }|3cgro a fljo?e,ano after'he hao talkeo toitlj tbemjtbep came aboojo our boates toith* 
 out fearc,ann 31 gaue to their captaine a ba(bn,ano ttoo firings of spargatcts,ano tljcp ftjetoeD i)& 
 about 5 ouckats toeigbt of golo, but thep requireo fo much fo? it tljat toce tooulo not take it,, be 4 
 tattfe tlje frenchmen ano toe hao agrees to make p?ice of our gooo's all in one boat, ano tjje p? ice 
 being maoe then cuerp man to fell in his otone boat, ano no mart to gtue mo?e the the p ? tec tobicb] 
 fijoulo be fet bp bs al.'Eljis place is calleo Bulle.ano here tbe jl2egros toereberp glao of our J3e* 
 gros,ano fljetoeo tijem all tlje f rienoujip tbep coulo, toben tbcp hao tolo tljem tljat c hep toere the 
 men tljat toerc taken atoap being noto againe b?ought bp to, 
 
 -She tfiegros Ijere ujetoeobs that a monctb fince there.toere 3 ujtps that fought together,? tfjc 
 ttoo fijtppcs put tlje otljcr to fligfjtiano befoje tljat at the cadle of Mina there toere 4 tfjt'ps o_f the 
 PortugalstobichmettoithonejTrencljman, tohiclj frenchman caufeatbem all to flee, toljicfj 
 fljtppc toe tooke to be the Koebarge : fo \ the frenchmen of our companp. tuogeo Ijer to be there* 
 about that time toitlj her ptnnaffc alfcn Sno further, tljat after her toent a-fijippc of ttoelue fco?e 
 nameo tlje ©hauoet all alone, ano after her a ujip of fourefco?e,ano both fo? the Mina. 9no tl}t w 
 toere ttoo others alfo toljich thep left,one at Cape Verdetalleo tbe Leurierc of Diepc, anuano* 
 tljerattheriuerDcSeftos, bcfloestbefe3 tohich all t^is time be in out companp tohofe»ameg 
 bethefe: 
 
 ©be Eipoier of Hablenefftoljichis tlje aomirafl, tobofe captaine is Denis Blundell. 
 
 ©he Leuriere of Roan fticeaDmiralI,tohofe matter iS Ieromc Baudet. 
 
 ©Ije otljer IS Of Hunficur tobofe matter is calleo Iohn de Orleans, 
 
 ©be Ortecntlj oap 31 toent along the fijoje toitb ttoo pinHaues of the ^"rencljmen, ano founn 
 aT5ate ano a freuj riuer^no after that toent to a totone calleo Hanta, ttoelue leagues bepono tlje 
 Cape, 9t this totone our jaegros toere tocllknotocn, ano the men of the totone toeptfo? top 
 toben thep fato them,ano oemanoeo f them tohere Anthonie ano Binnc hao bene t ano tljep tolo 
 tljem that tljep hao bene at London in England, ano ujoulo bee brought home the nejet bopage. 
 g>o after this, our j2egros canie aboo?o toith other |5egros tohtch brought a toeight toitlj 
 them, tobicb toas fo fmall that toee coulo not giue tbem the balfeof tljat tobiclj thep ocmaunoeo 
 fp? it. 
 
 ©he iacgros here tolo bs that there toere Hue Portugall ujippes at the Cattle ano one pin< 
 
 nafle, ano tljat tljePortugalsotomuc^atme to t&eitCountrefr ano tljat tljep liueo infeare of 
 
 ,:J . tljem, 
 
 mis 
 
 Hants, 
 
HI 
 
 iVi.WiUiToverJoni. Traffiques and Difcouerfes. 39 
 
 tbem, ano toe tolo tbem agame, itjat mc xooulo ocfcno tljtm fcon; tlje Portugals mijcreof thep 
 tDtrebcrpglao, 
 
 t he 1 7 Dap toe toent a(bo?e anu tbe jf rencbmen touht)s, but Bio no great gooo , tlje Jftegrcs 
 toccefotoireafonable,toefolD8o^aneIliosfo;^nejMnceofgolo. 
 
 SljentoeeDeparteDanDtoenttoSbartima, ano tufenc into tl;e riuer U)tct) fine bontrg toell ap- sh " nm '- 
 pointeo toith men ano o?otnance,anB toirlj out notfcs of trumpet? ano E?ummcs, to? we r hough t 
 bcrc to bitue founD fome Portugals but there tocrc none : fo toee fent out jftegros on tl;o?c, ano 
 after tbcro xuent outers of ds, ano toereuerptoelircceiueo, ano the people toereocrpglao of our 
 J5eo;ros,fpcnaiiponeof tbctrb^otb^erguitueg^nooneoftljetrauntjj, tohicbrecriueotljem tottb sr&e fcrgro* 
 mud; top.ano fo oio all the red of tljepeople,as if thep tjian bene their naturall b?eth?cn : toe com* b^outmco,"" 
 fojtcotbecaptaincattii.tolDhim that bee njoulo not fc are the Portugals, fo?toeetooulODefcnD 
 Ijim from them : tobcrtupon toe taufen our boats to fljoote off tljetc bafes ano barqticbuu'es, ano 
 caufeo our men to came on fljo?e tottb their long botoes,ano thep (bot before the capiat ne, tobicrj 
 Ije.toitto all tlje rcu" of tbepeoplc,toono?ee mucb at,fpeciaUp to fee tbem fi)oot fo farre as tljep bid, 
 ano affatec to pi a to their bo rocs bite coolo not.fflUbcn it greto tobe late, toe or part co to our lisps, 
 foj toe loobeo euetp fcourefo } tbe Portugals. *3nD Ijere the Jfregros fbetoco bs tbat tljere toas an *ftotc. 
 Cngtiuj ftjip at tlje Mina, toljtclj fjao b?ougbt one of the 3fregros agatne, tobiclj Roberc Gayufh Kob« c o^no.. 
 tooke atonp. 
 
 Cbc i8Daptoe toent into tbcriuertoitb no leffetrrenstbtbcnbcfoje.anoconcltioeD tottb the 
 fSegcoa to giuc themfo? euetp JTuffe ttoo paros ano trj?ce nailcsof Clotb.ano to take fo?it one 
 aiujel-Duckat : fo that toe tooRc in all 70 DucRats,toljereof tbe Jf renchmenhao fo?tic, ano toce 
 tbirtic. 
 
 CbcntnetecntbDaptofetoentafljojeeuerpmanfo? himfeife, ano tooke a gooo quantttie of 
 go lo, ano 31 fo? mp pare tooke foute potmo ano ttoo ounces ano a balfe of golo , ano our partes 
 lioatctookeone ano ttoentte ounces , 3tnigbttbe|^egroslbeb)eojjstbattljener:Daptbc Pox- 
 tugalstooulD be tottb bsbp!anoo?bpS>ea : ano tohentoeetoerecea&p to Depart, toehearo Dt- 
 uersharquebuffes fljoote off in tlje toooos bp us toht'cb tore itneto to bee Portugals, tohtrb ourff 
 come no neerct to bs,but fljot off in the toooos to fee if cljep roulo fearc bs ano fo makeos to leauc 
 ourtrafftquc. 
 
 VL\\t 20 Dap toe mannetj our fitte boats,ano alfo a great boat of tbe jfrntchmens tottb our men 
 anDtbeaomtrals, iaoftljemintbcirmurriansanD cojflets, ano tbe refi alltoell appopnteo, 
 tottb foure trumpets, aD?ummeanDajfife, ano tbe boate all bangeo tottb Creamers of g>ilhe 
 ano penoants berp faire,ano toent into tbe titter ano traffiqueo, our man of toarrc Iping off ano 
 ontntheriuer totoaftbs.bttttoebearDnomojcoftbePortugals. ikhisBnpthe jSegrostoio us 
 tbat there tocre certain (hips come into Hanta,tohichtotonc is about 2 leagues to tbe SLtefltoaro H>n«. 
 of this place. 
 
 ^ie 2 x cap toemanncD our boats agatne 9 toent to a place a league from this to tbe ? &c(r« 
 toaros,anD ttjerc founo manp jSegros tottb anorljer Captatne,ano folo at tlje fame rate that toee 
 baDDone tottb the others. 
 
 ^be2 2Daptoetoettta(bojeapineanDtraffiqueDinliKcfo?tquietIp, anoatooke 4 pouiro 
 anDfir ounces of golo. 
 
 %be 23 Dap about.ntgb.t tlje ll^egros tottb ebcircaptaine came to bs anotolDDs tbat tbe king 
 of Portugals (brpstoeseoeparteo from the Cattle, meaning tbe ncrt Dap to plie to tbe toinotuaro' 
 to come tobs,giutngiJS toarmng to takebeco to our felucs : toetolo tbem agatne that tore toere 
 berp glao of tljctr commtng,ano tooulD be reaop at all times to tncet tbcm,ano to allure, tbem that 
 toe toere glao of it, toee CjiinoeD our trumpets, ano fbot off certainebafes tobereof tl;c jSegros 
 toere DcrpglaD, ano rcqueffeDDS tbat if the Portugals fought to burner ourtrafftqttc, toftcto 
 tbem all tlje ertremttie that toe coute j)?omtfing bs cbat if tbep came bp lano, tbep tooulo aouer* 
 tife us thereof, 
 
 ®bt 24 toe toent a (bo?e tottb our trumpets ano D?ummes,anD trafftqucD,anD31 baoe the cap* 
 taine of tlje totone to Dinner. 
 
 Cbe 2 y oap toe being aflboje, our Chips ha& DcfcrteD fitte failes of tlje king of Portugals^ our ^SSSSSlf* 
 fbips tbot off o?oinattce to call os atoap,ano toe tbjeto cuerp man bis caf ke a Q)o?e fo? toater, ano *>*<***• 
 toent to our ujtps,anD bp tljat time toe bao toeigbco ano giuen o?ocr ont to another tobat to ds, it 
 teas nigbt,fo \) tbat night nothing toas Done. Wit let faileano lap clofe all night to get tbe toino if 
 toe coulo: toe toerenccrc fome of t(jem,anD one fljot off a piece tohicb toee ittogcD to be tbe 8onu> 
 tall of tbePortugals,to caufe tlje rell to come ano fpcake toitb him: fo all this nigljt toe maoe our 
 fclues reaop fo? fight. 
 
 %\)Z 2 6toecameuttoitljt&efl;oje auo bao Og&t of tlje Portugals toheretheprio at ankfr, 
 
 Ddd 2 aim 
 
 In 
 
4-o The Btigli fli V oyageSjNauigations, Al fViLTmrfonz. 
 
 anotoebaretottb tbem,anatoegaucallour mentoljttefcarffes, totbeenoetbat tbe frenchmen 
 mtgljt fcnoto one tlje other tf toe came to booking : but tlje nigljt came upon bs tljat toe coulo not 
 fetcb cbem,buc toe ankcrea toitljin oemie-GEuluering fljot of tbem, 
 
 %\)z 27DaptoetocigljeoauofoBiDtbePortugals, ana about eleuen of tbcclocketoce baa tbe 
 
 tome of tbcm,am> tljen toe toent roome toitb tbem, tobirtj toben tljep pcrceiuco, tljep kept about 
 
 to ttte fljo?e againe, ana toee after tljem, ano toben tbep toere fo neere tlje fljo?e tbat tbep coulo 
 
 not toell tunne anpfttrtbcr on tbat boo?o,tbep kept about againe, ano lap to tlje gieatoaro, ano 
 
 tlj-.n toe kept about toitb tbem,ano toere a Ijeao of tljem, ano tooke in our topfatles ano tarieo fo? 
 
 tljem : ano tlje firtt tbat came bp toasa ftitall barke tobicb faileo fo toeiltbat uje carta not foj anp 
 
 of bs,ano carieo goon o?oinance : ana affoone as flje came bp.flje fljot at bs,anD ouerfljot bS, ana 
 
 .' toi u tben uje fljot at ttje aomirall of tbe JT rencbmen,anD fljot bim tlj?ougb in ttoo o? tb?ee place?, ana 
 
 tbepoftugjk. toentfooubaljeaaofbSjbccaufetoetoereinourfigljttngCaileiJ: tljen came bp another caraueH 
 
 bnoec our £ ce in like cafe tobicb fljot at be ano at tbe £ renebman, ana burt ttoo of bis men ana 
 
 fljot bim tb?ougb tlje maine matte.ana after tbem came bp tbe aomirall tonoer our lee alfo, but 
 
 be toas not able to toe bs fo mucb barme as tbe fmall fljippes, becaufe be carieb o?ainance Ijigbf e 
 
 tljen tbep, neitljcr toere toe able to make agooo fljot aunp of ttjeiii, becaufe our fljippe toajs fa 
 
 toeake in tbe Goe.tljat flje laio all Ijcr o?omanee jn tlje !§>ea : tobercfo?e toe thought to lap tbe great 
 
 fljip aboo?o, ano as foone as tbe jTrenclj QlDmtraH toent roome toitb ljtm,lje fell a tterne ano coulo 
 
 mt$um not feccljijim.ano after be fell atterneofttoocarauelsmo?e ano coulo fetcb none of tbem,but fell 
 
 toifakeout to leetoaroof tbem all: anotoljenljetoastolLeetoarD r Ije kept about to tbefljo?etoato,ano left 
 
 '"'»• bs,afflj then toe put out our topfailes ano gaue tljem cljafe, ana botlj tlje ocljer frenchmen kept 
 
 tlje toino,ano tooulo not come neere bs.ano our ctone fljip toas a tterne fo tbat flic coulo not come 
 
 tobs: ano after toe bao folotoeo tljem about ttoo Ijourestotljefeatoaro, tbep kept about againe 
 
 totoaros tlje fljo?e,tljinking to pap bs as tbep toent along bp,ano to Ijaue tbe toino of tlje jT rencb 
 
 aomirall toljicb before ran in totoaros tbe fljo?e, ana toe kept about toitbtbem, ana kept fltll tlje 
 
 toino of tljem ttjinkmg tljat our taiceaomiral ano t lie s t b e r tooulo Ijaue folotoeo us as toee toillco 
 
 tbem to do: but aftertbac tlje Porcugall toas pattbp tbem, ano ettcrponebaDfijotatbs ana cut 
 
 tltceaamirall.botb our Siiceaomirall ano tbe ttoo JFrencbmen,$ our otone ptnnafle left bis iuibe 
 
 laps.ana ran to featoara,ana toe ran flill along, ana fcept tlje toino of tbem to fuccour tbe § rencb 
 
 9omirall, tobotoasbnoetallof tbett Lees, ano toben tbep met toitb l)(m,euerp one toent roome 
 
 toitb bim,ano gaue Ijim tlje b?oao Hoe, ano after tljep cattabout againe, ana Durfl not boo?D bim, 
 
 becaufe tbep fatoebs in the toeatberoftljcm.o? els tottbout Doubt tljep Ijna taken o? funke tbem, 
 
 fo?tlj?ce of tljem tobicb toere tlje fmailett, toent fo fall tljat it toas notpoiriblefo?afljipto boo?o 
 
 tbcm,anB cavico futb o?Btnance tljat if tbep baa Ijao tlje toeatljer ofbs,tljcp tooulo baue troublea 3 
 
 of tbe belt fljips tljat toe ^ao,ana as foj tljcit aomirall ano Qiceaomir all tljep toere botb notablte 
 
 appotnteo, 
 
 JHlljentbe jTrcncljman toaScleareof tbem, bcelaie as neere tlje tofnoe as beecoulc, ana 
 toee follotoeo tljem flill totoaroes tbe fljo?e , ano tljentljeaomirallranne to §>ea after tbe 
 rett.ano left bs all alone : ano toljen tlje Portugals perceiueo tbat toe toere alone, ano gaue tbem 
 cbafe,tljcp kept about toitb bs ana toe toitb tljem, to keepe tbe toino of tbem, ano toe ranne Hill 
 toitljin bafe fljot oftbem,but tljep fljot not atbs, becaufetoebao tlje toeatljer of tljem, anofatoe 
 tbat tbep coulo 00 bs no burt : ana tints toe folotoeo one anotljer bntil nigljt, ano in tbe nigljt toe 
 lott tbem.but asfoj all tlje red of our fljips,tbep packeo on all tlje failes tbat tljep coulo ano ranne 
 to fea,ana as tljep tbemfelues ionfeue,tljepp?aiea fo? bs, but as fo? belpe at tbetr banes toe coula 
 Ijaue none. 
 
 %\)t 28oap toe met toitlj our taiceaamtrall,our pinnaffc, ano ttoo oft^e Jf rencbmcri,auo tbe 
 tbiratoasfleBtobtcbtoasaujipoffourfco?etunne 3 anDbelcngeBtoRoan : ano toben 3! ^aa tlje 
 ftgit of tlje red of our fljips,3I tooke our tkiffe ano toent to tbem to knoto toljp tbep loll bs in futb 
 acafe,ano lohn Kiremaoe me anftoere tbat Ijisfljip tooulo neitberreare no? fleere,anna*fo?tbe 
 pinna(fe,Iohn Dauis maae me anftoere tljat flje tooulo ooe notljing, ana tbat be coulo carp rjer no 
 furtljer ) fo?ljerruDBertoasb?ofecn,fotljattljel!parttoasglaBtototoeb«c , ^Ijenjtoent to tbe- 
 JF rencb 2tomiralt,ano founa bimfelfe to be a man of gooo ftomacfee, but tlje one balfe of Ijbs men 
 toere ficke ano Be ao : ano tljen 31 talkeo toitb tbe fmaller jFrcncljman, ano be maae mee anftoere 
 tljat be coulo ooe notljing,faping,tbat Ijis fljip tooulo beare no faile, ana Ijaa 1 6 of bis men aeao 
 ana tttke.fo Ije maaebs plaine anftoere tbat be toas able to ooe noting, after tbis tbe Jf rencb* 
 menaurtt not anker fo? feare of tbe Portugales. 
 
 Cbe29Baptbe mailer of tlje ptnnafle came to bs ano fapa tbat tbep toere not able to fceepe bee 
 anp longer, ano tben toee bietoeo Ijer ano feeing tljere toas no remcoic, ber ruoaer toitb all 
 tbe iron too?fce being b?oken botb aloft anB belotoe, toee agreea to b?eake ber bp ano to put tbe 
 
 men 
 
M \JVih LTom fori z. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 4.1 
 
 men into t\)c fiparc.&o toe tooke out ofljec foure bafes,onc anker,ano cettatue fire toooo, ano let 
 heron fire,ano afte rtoaros ran along tbecoaflv 
 
 ©he tbirtie nap toe tocnt in to tfjc fboje, anofpake tottb certaine jQegros, toho Colo us tbat 
 feme tf rench ujippes bao bene tbcre,but toce coulo not bargaine toitfc them tfoep toere fo bnrea* 
 fonablc. 
 
 ©Ue 3 1 oap 3T tocnt to fboje but did not traffike* 
 
 ©he x cap of jfebuiarietoetoeigbeDjfefingtoe coulonotbjingthe j!3egrostoanpreafon,anrj fitmmt* 
 ^ame to another place tohich ftanoctbbpon an bill* 
 
 ©he tljitD oap 31 tocnt to a totone foure leagues from bs,ano fbot off ttoo pieces.anD t&e Cay* 
 taine came to bs, anD 31 fent Thomas Rippcn a latin tobo kneto tbe Captaine, ano aflbone as be 
 came on ujoje tbe Captaine kneto bint ano Diners of tbe Jftegrog tobo then began to af be fo? mee, 
 ano bauing toln tbe Captaine that 31 bias in tbe boate, Ijee maoc no longer tarping but bp ano bp 
 caufeb tbjo boates to be put to the S>ea,anD came to me bimfelfe, anD toben be fatoe me, be crpeo 
 to me befo jc hec came to th e boat ano fecmeo to be tbe glaooett man aliue, ano fo oio all the com* 
 panie that kneto mee,anD3l gauebimaretoarDastbemaneroftbeCountrepis, anD caufeb tbe 
 frenchmen to giueanother,p^mifingtbenertoaptogiuebinttoine: anothatnigbt becaufeic 
 teas latere tooulo not talke of anp pjice.but left me a pleoge,ano tooke another of me ano fo dc- 
 jpatteD. 
 
 ©be 4 Dap going on ffjoje^ founD thattbe fhfps of jf ranee tohich hab bin thereto bone muc& 
 fcurt to our markets,but pet 31 tooke fine ounces anD a balfe of golo, 
 
 ©be fife oap 31 tooke eight ounces ano one cigbt part of gola:but 31 fato that the Jftegros per* 
 teiueo tbe Difference in Cloth bettoirt ours anD tbat tohich the .frenchmen ban, tohich toas bet* 
 ter,ano bjoaoer then ours : anD tben 31 tolD captaine Blundel tbat 31 tooulo goe to tbe iectoarD* 
 becaufe 3 pcrceiueD tbat being there tobere his Cloth toas foloj tboulo do no gooD, toljereof (jee 
 UwBfojte. 
 
 ©he 6 oap there came an 9lmaoes Jftcgrosaboojome, requeuing me to cometo their totone 
 fo j thep bao much golf ano maup marehants : ano fo 31 toent ano founD tbeir olD Captaine gone, 
 ano anotber in his place ; but this night toeeoiD no gooo,becaufe the marchantstoere not come 
 Ootone t fo be requireo a pleDge tohich 31 let him haue.ano tooke another of bint, 
 
 ©he 7 Dap George our 5fregro came cobs, tobo bao follotoeo bsatthe leafl i ©leagues in a jf2£ w * 
 fmaIlboat,ano toben be came.tbc Jfrfgros anotoefooneconcluDeo of pjice, 31 tooke this Dap fine ' 
 pounDanDoneounce,anD3quartersofgolo,©bis33cgrotoehaDlcfcatShamma at the time of 
 the fight,toho faio that he fato tbefight being on ujo?e,ano that tohen toe toere gone from the Por- 
 tugal, the Portugals came into their riucr, anotolothem that the Cngliujmen bao flaine ttoo ^too^m* 
 Portugalstoithapiece,tohichtoasinDeeDoutofourujip, ano t&ep requireo fcarbour t&ere, but gS<^Sift? 
 the captaine of Shamma tooulo not fuffer them, s B m * 
 
 Che 8 oap toe tooke nuutcenepounDthjceonncessnoahalfe, 
 
 ©he 9 bap toe tooke ttoo pound fir ounces ano a ljalfc« 
 
 ©heiooaptbjeepouno* 
 
 ©be 1 1 oap came to bs ieromeBawdet tbeSticeaDmiran ofttje jfrendjmenatiohfepinnaffe, 
 ano he (betoeo bs that tohere toe left them there toas no gooo to be Done, ano fapo he tooulo goe to 
 the CafftoatD, bnttoee tolDljtm Ijee djoulo not t ano thereupon commaunoeo himtogoetoh^ 
 companp tohich he toas appointco to bee toftb, tohich bee refufeo to Doe bntill toee hao $ot th?ee ^ fimata 
 o?foure pieces at their pmnaffe,anD toben the ujip fatoe that, Ojekept about, anoranneto &ta- tjjccngii^ 
 toaro,am> ourtl come no neercr to bs,fo the pinnaffe toent after Ijcr.CCic tooke t!j ts oap one pouno 
 Sue ounces* 
 
 ©be 1 2 cap there came oneof the jrrnicljmensptnnaffes to bslaoetoithclot^ano tooulo hauc 
 maoe fale,but 31 tooulo not fuffer him, ano therefore tooke him ano frnt him aboop of our fi)ip, 
 ano caufeD hint to rioe there all Dap.Ctle tooke ftue pouno fir ounces ano a balfe* 
 
 ©he 1 4 oap toe tooke of fome jftegros 4 ounces of golo« 
 
 ©be 1 6 i»e came to another totone, 
 
 ©be i7oap31toentafbo?eanDbnoerftooDthat 3 of thePortugall bjipsi toere at the Callfc?, 
 ano the other ttoo at Shamma.©he captaine of tbistotone toas gone to thepjhtcipall totone, to 
 fpeake toitfj their king,ano tooulo rctnrnefbo?tlp as tbep tola me,ano fo he oio, ano brought me 
 Atoeigbt ano meafure,ano 31 fent a man to fee that piincipall totone.ano their king, ©be Portu- 
 gal! fbips rio fo neere bS, that toitljin 3 houres t-hep might be toith bs, pet toere all content co to 
 tarpfo?fales r 
 
 ©he 1 8 oap certaine of tfje kings feruatmts came to bs, ano toe tooke one pottno ttoo ounces, 
 anooneeightuartofgolo* 
 
 Ddd| c&s 
 
42- The Engiifh Voyages,Nauigations., M. Wil Tcmfon 2. 
 
 «SngUl§ta 
 bmlDflJfojt. 
 
 JCtOtuiicin 
 circm:»«big 
 
 toB(fcnct!)c 
 *n«nif. 
 
 ^c 1 o Dap toe tooke fiuc pouno one ounce. ' 
 
 Che 20 Dap one pouno ano foure ounces, 
 
 Che 1 1 31 tooke fourc pounn aim one ounce,anb tbe jftcgroc s enquircb fo? fine c!otfj,enD 31 o« 
 peneo ttoo piece s tobicb toece not fine enottgb.as tbep fapD.but feeing that toe Ijao no other, tbcp 
 bought of cBem . 3t night 31 pjouiDeoagift, ojpjefent, anDfentonemarcbant anD a mariner 
 toitb it to tlje king, toccrtifiebimof ourtoantofbietuals, bpreafontobereof toe coulo not flap 
 long : fo? inoeeD toe fcarcbeo our fljtp, ano tbcmott part of our bate toas leakcD out of all out 
 barrels. 
 
 Che 22Daptoetooketb?eeouncesanDar)alfe. 
 iRjtsAbun. Cbe»3 our itien came from tbe king Abaan,anDtoIot>s, tbatbebaDrecciueDtbetocrpfriemjs 
 Ip,but be Ijao litle golo.but pjomifeD, if toe tooulD tarp, to fenD into all hts countrep fo? golD fo? 
 tot "nj [mi tu« bs,ano be totlleo ourmcn at tljeir eomming borne to fpeake to out king to feno men an* piouifion 
 into ijis count rep,to initio a cattle, ano to bjing Cailojs toitb tljem, to make them apparel!, arm 
 goon toare0,ano tbcp (IjOtilD be fur? to fell ttjem ; but foj that pjefent the frenchmen bao fillto 
 them full of clotlj. 
 
 C'jis totone fianbetb about foure leagues bp in tt>e Iana, a«D is, bp tfje efiimation of our men, 
 as big in circuit as Lonoon, but tbe builDingis like to tlje rett of ttje countrep, Chep baue about 
 this Cotone great fiojeof tlje toheate of tbe Countrep, ano tbep iuoge, tbatononcfioeoftbe 
 totonetbere toereone tljoufano rikes of Create, arm another fo?t ofCojne toljicbis calleo 
 S8Wl,tobicij is mucb bfeo in Spaine. Sbout this totone tbep kcepe goob toattb euerp nigbt, and 
 rjauetotoarnetljctoatcljmen certaine cojdcs mabefafiouer tljcir toapes , tohicb icao into the 
 SS&mJ!*?* tolJJn2 ' ano certaine bels bpon tbem, fo (bat tfanp man toucb tbe co?Des,tlje bels ring, another* 
 tljetoatc^meiirunnefoo^tljoftljetrtoatcrjljoufcstafeetobattliepbe: ano if thep be enemies, if 
 tbcp paffe tlje cojo, tbcphauepiouifion toitb certaine nets bangiDcuet tbetoapes, tofcere the? 
 tmtftpafte, to let fall bpon tljcm.anD fo take tljem, ano otbertoife tljcn bp tlje toapes it is not pcf» 
 fible to enter tbe totone, bpreafonoftbe tickets ano bu&jes tobicb are about the fame, ano the 
 totone (s all o toallea rouno about tottlj long cojds, anD bounD together toith. feoge anD certaine 
 barkescf trees, 
 
 ffiUhcn our men came to tbe totone.it toas about fine of tbetlccfc in tbe morning, fo? t&erettjep 
 trantllAltoapesintbenigbtbpreafonoftbebeattofttjeDap : ami about nine of the elocke, the 
 king fnufo?tbem,fDjtbcremapnomanrometohJm before bebefentfoj, anDtbentbep toculrj 
 baue caries tCjetr pjefent toitb tljem : but tlje jSegtos tolo tbem.tbat t&epmuff bee tbiee times 
 , brought befo jc him,befoie tbep might offer their gift: anD toben tbep came to rjim,he talkeD toitbj 
 ' tkem,ano receiueo tljem ucrp fcieuDlp,anD kept tljem about Ijalfe an Ijcurr, anD then thep Depar< 
 teD,ano after that fenc fo? them agame th?cc rtmes,ann lafi of all,tbep brought him tbeir pjeftnf, 
 tobtchhereceiueDthankfullp, anDtljencaufeoapotoftoineoflSalmetole brought foojth, ano 
 maDe t!;em o jinkc :anD befo je thep Djinkc,bo tlj here anD in all tbe Cotmtrepjtbep »fe certaine ce« 
 temonics, 
 
 3Ftru\thep bjt'ng foojtb their pot of Djinke.ano tljcn tbcp make a W* in tlje grotmo,? put fome 
 of the D?inke into it.anDtjjep catt the eatthbponit, toljicbtbep Diggeo fojtb before, anD then tljcp 
 fet tbe pot bpon the fame,tben tljep take a litle thing maoe of a goo?D, ano toith that tbep takeout 
 of tlje fame Ojittke,anb put it bpon the grounbin tbjee places.ano in oiuers places t(;ep haue etc* 
 taine buncbes of the pils of palme trees fet in tlje groftD befo je them, anD t here tljep put in fome 
 c?inke,ooing great retierence in all places to the fame 19 alme trees*' 
 
 911 tbefe ceremonies fir a Done,the king tooke a cup of golo,anD tljep put bim in toine, anD bee 
 c jai:be of it,anD toben be D?anke,tbe people crieo all toitb one boice, Abaan,Abaan,toitlj certaine 
 otber toojbs,!ike as tbcp crp commonlp in jFIanbers.bpo tbe 'Stoclfe nigbt, %ht kinning Drinks: 
 ano toljen be bao Dumke.tljen tbcp gaue Djinke to euerp OHe,anD tljat Done,tbe king lictnfeD tbcm 
 toDepart,anB euerp one tljatDepartetbfrombimbotoetb ? times totoaros bim, ano toauctb toitb) 
 Ijoth bancs togetbcr,as tbcp boto,anD tljen do Depart. ^Ije king batb commonlp fitting bp btoi 8 
 t>) i o ancit u men toitb grap bearos. 
 
 %\)i% Dap toe tooke one pouno anD i o ounces of golD. 
 
 % ' 1 24 bap toe tooke 3 pouno ano 7 ounces* 
 
 <£.!)£ : ; toe tooke ; ounces anD 2 quarters, 
 
 <ti)C 26 toetooke a pouno ano t o ounces* 
 
 %A)t 27 ttoo pouno ano fiue ounces, 
 
 lEbe 28 foure pouno,anD tljen feeing ttjat tljete teas no mo;e goio to be tjno, toe toetgbeo ano 
 tocntfooub. 
 
 ®b« fe& Dapof SBarcbtoecameto atotortecaOetjMowre, but toe founts no boats ho? people 
 
 tbere: 
 
 fricntiij cntec 
 MinmrilCDf 
 
 djtitcertmo* 
 
 nuBiiiSiins 
 Silts. 
 
 Kow«< 
 
M. WM.TowrJbn z. Traffiques, and Diicoueries. 4.3 
 
 there : but being reanp to Depart , t here came t too aiiuaocs to Us front another totouc , of tobom 
 toe toofee ttoo cuiicgs ano a Ijalfc of crolDc : mm tbcptoloeus thr.ttbe^cgrocg tbatDtocIIco a; 
 Mowre toere gOJte to ntoell at Lagoua. i-'g™. 
 
 Cbe feconn nap toe came thtoart of tbe caffle, anti about ttoo leagues off, ann tbere fato all the ^D«BKtuwej 
 flue UDojtugall fijips at anker, ano this bap bp nigbt toe fetcben shamma. 
 
 the t [jib bap toe ban fight of one tall Qjip, of about ttoo IjttnD ?cd t unncs,in tbe tocatljer of W, 
 ano totthin leffe tljcn ttoo leagues of our (hips, ann then toe fato ttoo mo?e afterne of Ijcr, the one 
 afijip of fiue bunnjeo oi mo?e, anb the other a pinneffe: aim tbefe toere a neto fleet at tljatp?efcnt 
 arriueooutofPortugail. (KBbcreupontoetoapen, anb mace fluff to Double out of the lanb, aim ©Mworpoji 
 then the toinbecomming to the >«)outIj-fouthtoefl,t&e Hart going roometotth them fell tb?ec tugiU " 
 leagues to the lectoarns of to*. Cbt ft ]po?tugaIs gaue be the chafe from nine of the clocks in the 
 morning, till nuc at night, but bib no goobagainftus, atlfl8,toeperceiuingtbe8DmiralItobe 
 farre a Oerne of his tompanp , becattfc his maine top-malt toas fpei.t , sctermir.ru to cat? about 
 toith them agatne, beeaufe toe toere Cure to toeatber them, ano the toinne being as it inns, tt toas 
 our belt cottrfc : but the Hart toasfb farre to the leetoatD, that toe toulo not bee it, crcepttoe 
 tooulb lofe her companp, fo that toe toofee in fome of cur fatlcs.anb toent roome toith htm : toljtel} 
 toben he perreiueb,he looffen to,ann toas able to lie as necre as he nin bcfo?c. St night, toljen toe 
 came to him,he tooulb not fpeafcc to US : then toe afken of his companp tobp be tocnt fo roome; anb 
 tbep maneercufe tbat tbep were able to beareno fatlc bp, fo? feare of bearing their fo?etopmntto* 
 tier bco jo : but this toas a fimple er tufc. 
 
 Cbe fourth nap, be «"K P«t from our toatrtttg place toe began to feetbe our meat in fait toater, 
 ano to rebate our alio toaucc of o ?infcc , to make it insure tbe longer : arm fo conclunen to fet out 
 courfc tijcnce,fo?our otone coumrep. 
 
 Cbe 1 2 of Search 31 founb mp felfe tbtoart of Cape das palmas. 
 
 Che 1 6 oap toe fell toith the lanb } tobtfbtoeiitogen CobetbeCapeMenfurado, abottttorjicfj capeMenfo 
 place is uerpmucbbigblann. " i0 ' 
 
 Cbe 1 8 nap toe loll figbt of tt)e Hart , anb 31 tbtnketbe toilfull Smaller ranintot'tb tbe Gjoje of 
 purpofc t o lofe us .being oiTenbeb that 31 tolse hint of bis otone f ollp, 
 
 ©be 27 nap toe fell in fight of ttoo fmall 31IanbS , tetjicb lie bp our Cecfomf ng fire leagues off €lBo fl 
 tbebeaolanb of Sierra Leona : arm before tee came in figbt of the fame Sllanns, toe mane our rec lamsbssKr- 
 Itom'ng to be fo?tp 0? tbittp leagues at the leaftoff tbem. Cbercfo?e ?.'.l tbep that faile this toap r ^ n "' 
 atetoregamtbe currentstobtcbfet3i2Q?tbno?tbtoe&o?rIstbepmapbemucbbcceit'eo, ' 
 
 Cbe i4of3pjt'lltoemet toith ttoo great ftjtps of Portugall, tobiclj although tbep tocretn tbe 
 toeatber of bs , pet came net roome toitlj us , tobcrebp toe iuogen that tbep toere bstum to? Ca- 
 licut. 
 
 Cbe iS nap toe toere tntlje bfigtb of Cape verde. 
 
 Che 24 toe toere birectlpunner tbe tropike of Cancer. 
 
 Che firttbap of Sg)ap Henry Wilfon our £>tctoarnnien : anb tbe tie?* nap bien Iohn Vndcr- 
 wood. 
 
 Cbe fift nap toe toere fn the beigtb of S. Michael. 
 
 Che 2 3 toe bab fight of a fljippe in the toeatljer of us , toljicr) toas a jfreneb man of 90 tunne, 
 tobo came toith »s a3 ttoutlp anb as nefperatelp as might be, anb commtng neere us percctuen a iFtntcS) 63s* 
 tbat toe bab bene upon a long bopage, ann iuogingus to be toeake, as in mt> toe tocre.came nee* naI ' • 
 rer bs, ann thought to baue Iapenus aboom,? there fiept bp Tome of bis men in armour, anocom* 
 mannenbstoartkefaile : tobereupontoefenttbemfomeofourRuSe, crou"ebarres,annchaine» 
 ftjot, anbarrotoes, fotbicke.tbatitmaoetbebppertoo^e of tbeirftjippe flic about tbeir cares, 
 ano toe fpoilen bim toitb allbtsmen, ann toare bis ttjippe miferablptoitb ourgrcat ominanccann 
 then be began to fall a tterne of us , ann to packe on bis failes , ano get atoap : ann toe feeing that, 
 gaue bim foure 0? fiue goon pieces mo?e fo? bis faretoell ; ano thus toe toere rin of this jf rencr) 
 man, tobo crabs no barme at all. aueljan aboo^ousa jTrcncbmanaCrumpetter, tobo being 
 ficlte, ann Ipinginbis ben, tooke bis trumpet nottoitbHanntng, ann founneo till Ije couln founn no 
 moje.anofobicb. 
 
 Che 2 8 toe conferren togctber, ann agreen to go into Seuerne, arm fo to Brifloll, but tbe fame 
 nigbt toe ban fight of the Lizard,ann bp reafon of the toinoe,toe toere not able to bouble tlje lanns 
 enn to go into Seuerne, but toere fojeen to beare in toitb tlje Lizard. 
 
 Cbe2<?uap, aboutnineoftbeclockemt^emojnutg, toeatriaenfafelpinPlimmouth, ano 
 pjaifen <Sod fo? our goon arrtuall* 
 
 The 
 
gtistobcbtw 
 
 Bcrftooti.tl.lAC 
 at t{!is time 
 tltcie bias 
 tu.irre iKtluiJ-'C 
 England aili) 
 France 
 
 ^ J *-^— ~ J ^ — ■ — r — !■ — i —■■■■■■■ - li la i 
 
 44. The Engliili Voyages,Nauigations, MW iLTomfon $. 
 
 The third and laft voyage of M. William Towrfon to the coaft of 
 
 Guime 3 and the Caftle«&c-Jtf«M,in the ycerc 1577. 
 
 1 .g§feM| tyz tbittietb Dap of 3ianuarp, tbepeere abouefapu , toe orparteo out of tbefounti 
 of Plimmouth, toitlj tb?ee fljips, ano a pinneffe, tobereof cfie names are tbele : (i 
 
 1 QLtyz Minion 9omiralI of tkefleet, 
 
 2 %ty Chriftopher SliceaDmirall, 
 
 3 €beTyger. 
 
 4 9 pintietTe callen tbe Vnicomc : lews an bounD foj cfie Canaries , aim 
 from tljcncc,bp tlje grace of c£od,co tbe coaflof Guinie, 
 
 Cbenert Dap,bcing tbe laC of tbis monetb, toe met toitb ttoo bulks ofDamzick, tbe one eal* 
 lit ttje Rofe, a Orip of foure buno jen tunnes, ano tlje otber calico tlje Vnicome, of an bimDjeo at© 
 fiftptunnes.tbe Spatter of tbeRofctoa3calIeoNichoIasMaflc,attDtl)e£0alIer of tbeVnicorne 
 Melchior White, botblaoenatBourdeaux, ano foj tlje mofl part toitlj tomes, 82J(jen toe tame 
 to t bent, toe caufeo tbem to Ijoifc fcojtb tbeir boats, ano to come ano fpeake toitlj us, ano toe era' 
 roineo cuerpone of tljcm apart, toljat tfrencb mens gooos tljep bao in tbetr Ojippcs, ano tbep (apo 
 tljep Ijao none : but bp tlje contrarieties of tljeir tales , anu bp tlje fufpicion tobicb toe gatbereo of 
 tbetr falfc cljartar-partirs,toe pcrceiueo ttjat tbep Ijao tf renclj mens gooos in tbem : toe tberefo je 
 caufeo oneoftbcmtofetcbupbisbtlBoflaotng, ano beeaufebeDcnteDtbatbebaoanp, toefenc 
 certaine toitlj btm , toljo caufeo Ijim to goe to tljeplace tobere be bao IjtD tbem, anu bp tbe Diffcrcn* 
 ces of bis btlles of Iaotng,ano fcts talke.toe gatbereo.as bcfoje.tbattljep bau jf renebmens gonos, 
 (Ktbrwupon toe eranuneo tljem Graigijtlp, ano firfi tbe Tpurfer of tbe Vnicomc, tobt c\) toas tbe 
 Cmaller flbfppe , confefleo tbat tljep Ijao ttoo ano tbirtp tunnes ano a Ijogujeao of a jfrentb mans. 
 %fyn toe eramineo tbe Scatter in like cafe, ano Ijc acknotoleogeo tlje Came to be true, 'Eben toe 
 eranrineu alfo tbe Spatter of tlje great ftjip , ano Ijc confeffeo tbat be baD an bunDjeo ano eigbt ano 
 ttoentp tunnes of tbefameffrcneb mans, ano mo?e tljep tooulo notconfette, butfapotljatalltbe 
 retttoaslaoenbp Peter Lewgues of Hamburg, to be DeliuenD to one Henry Summer of Cam- 
 phire,nottoitbOc:irtws all tljeir letters toere Directeo to Hamburg, ano tojictcniuDutcb toitb* 
 out, ano toirtjtn in jf rencb, 
 
 Cfllljen tljep bao confettcD tljat tljep ban tfjtts mucb Jf renefj mens gootis tottbtn tljeir flrippes, 
 toe conferreo together tobat toas befl to be Done toitlj tljem, William Cretton ano Edward Sel- 
 man toere of tbe opinion , tljatitujottlobe gooocitijer to carrp tbem into Spainc, ano thereto 
 make fale of tlje gooos, o? els into Ireland, o; to returne backe againe into England toitb tbem, 
 if tbe toinoetooulo permit it, I5t!t Shaping toljat cbargetocbaoofourCpatterSjtlrttbpmoutbt 
 ano aftertoaros bp ton'ting , tbat fcj no fucb matter toe ujoulo in anp cafe pjolong tbe time, fo? 
 feareoflottngtbeuopage, ano confiDcrtng tljat tbe time of tlje peeretoaaberpfartevpent, anD 
 tlje moncp tbat toe CjottlD make of tbe toineei not uerp mttclj , in refpect of tlje commooitp tobtcfj 
 tocbopeofojbptbeuopage , perftoaDeo tbem tbat to goe into Ireland, tlje toinoe being ^Eaflerlp 
 as it toas, migbt be an occafton tljat toe (Ijoulo be IockeD in tbere toitlj tbat toinDe, anD fo Iofe out 
 ijopage : ano to car? tbem into Spainc, feeing tbep failcD fo ill, tbat bauing all tbeir faifes ab?oaD, 
 toe kept tbem company onelp toitlj our fojefailes, ano toitljotit anp toppe failcs ab?oaD,fo tbat in 
 t uerp ttoo oapes failing tbep tootilo fjaue IjinD creD us mo?e tben one ; ano beCocs tbat (tbe toinoe 
 being ©attetIp)toetboulD not be able to fca^e tbe coafl toitb tljctrubefioes all tljis tbe lotfe of time 
 toljen toe came tbitljer toas to be conGDercD, toljereupon 31 tbougbt it not gooo to carrp tbem ang 
 ftirtljer, 
 
 9nD as fo } carping tljcm into England, altbougb tbe toinoe bau bene gooo,as it toas not.eon* 
 fiocringtoljat cljarge toebao of our ^attcrs,to ftjift us out oftlje toapfo? teare of a flap bp reafon 
 of tlje toarres, 31 belo it not in anp toife conuentent. 
 
 !0ut nottoitljflanDing all tljis, certeine of our companp not being Ijcretoitb fatiffieo toentto 
 our fatter to knoto bis opinion tljerein, tobo maoe tbem a plainc anftoere, tbat to carp tbem into 
 anp place,it toas not tbe bttt toap no? tbe profit of tbeir Spatters, 9no be toloe tbem furtber,tbat 
 if tlje time toere pjolongeo one monetblonger before tljep paueo tbe Cape , but a fcto men tooulli 
 go tlje Uopage, ail tbefe tbings conGoereD, toe all paufeo, ano cetermineD at tlje lafl, tbat euerp 
 man (boulD take out of tbe Ijulks fo mucb as be coulD toell beBoto fo? ncccuaries,anD tbf nert mo j« 
 ning to concluoe toljat ujoulD be furtber Done toitb tljem, feo toe tookc out of tbem fo } Us foure* 
 teene tunnes ano a Ijaifc of toine, ano one tunne toe put into tbe pinncttc* 
 
 Cpo^c toe tookc out one IjoglTjcaD of Aquauitx, 
 
 <Sire cakes of rc^en, 
 
 a fmall fjalfer foj tics : ana t erteine cbetnut?, 
 
 ■STtJC frcnrU 
 intiiB gooBa 
 
 tE.u:aiiitIic 
 time of t\)t 
 UiagreUpou 
 tlit lofTe of 
 
 €alcs. 
 
1" 
 
 M.Will, < To'vprfom ) . Traffiques and Difcoueries. 4.5 
 
 CljeCnriftophertOokeout, 
 
 Cen tunnes of tome, anD one bogfbcaD, 
 
 9 quantitp of Aquauitse, 
 
 &ball-lines. 
 
 Cbefnuts. 
 
 @>ire Double bafts toith, that chambers. 3m> tijetc mm b?ofec tip the bulks ctjtQjs, ano tookc 
 cut their compatli'S.ano running; glade s, the founDing leaoe aim line, anD c an tilt s : aim call Come 
 of their ueefe otter boom, aim fpotleo them fo much, that of berp pit? rue gaue them a compatfe, a 
 r turning glaffe,a leao anD a line,cercaine b jeao anD candles, ano tohat apparcll of theirs toe coulo 
 finoe in their Chip, roe gaue them againe, ano Tome moncp alfo of that tohicb William Crompton 
 tooke to} the ranfomc of a pooje jf renebman , tobo being their pilot botone the Eiuer of Bor- 
 deux, tbep torn nut able to let him a (ho jeagatne,bp reafon of the foule toeatber, 
 
 Che Tyger alfo tooke out of the (mailer bulke tire o? ftuen tunnes of toine , one bogCfceaD of 
 Aquauita?, ano certeincro^en.anDttoobafes be tooke out of the great bulke* 
 
 ^rjerirtrDavof jrebjuacptntliemomtngtoeallcametogether againefauing W. Crompton 
 mho f cut us too m that be toas content co to agree t o t hat omcr toljich to c (bo u Id t ake , 
 
 )3i\x> Edward S el man toas of this opinion, that it mass not belt to let the Chips Depart, hut put 
 mentntothemto carp them into England , tohich thing neitjjer toe no? our 9pa3ertooulD agree 
 bntomccaufe toe thought it not gooD to bnman our ftjips going outtoarD,conuDering fjoto Daitgc= 
 roue the time toas : fo that in fine toe agrceo to let them ocpart,anD gtue tljem the reft of the toine 
 toljich thep ban in their irjips of the jf renebmens fo? the fraight of that toljich toe bao taken , aim 
 foubeirominance, ro??en, aquauka:, cbefnuts, ano other things tobtch the companp ban taken 
 from them, ©o toe receiueo a bill of their hatmes , that tbep ronfelTec boto much jfrencljmcns 
 gooes thep hav.no then toe let them Depart, 
 
 Che 1 o oap toe reckoneDour ielucsto be 15 leagues from the Grand Canarie,anD this Dap a» 
 bout nine of the clocke our pinnctTc b?akeber ruDoer , fo tljat toe toerc fo?ccD to totocber at the 
 if erne of the Minion.tobich toe toerc able to Doe,am> pet kept ce-mpanp toith the reft of our ftjips* 
 Sbout elenen of the clocke this Dap toebaD light of t(je GrandCanarie, 
 
 Che 1 1 Dap tohen toe came to the 3|lanD toe pcrceiueo that it toas the 3ile of Tencrif,$ tljen in 
 oeeo toee bao fight of the Grand Canaric , tohicb lietb 1 2 leagues to the (JEafttoaros of Tenerif : 
 aimbecaufetberoaDofTenerifisfoulegrouno, ami nothing toas thereto begotten fojtbe help* 
 ing of otirpinneffe,bauing rije toinoe Iarge,toe agrees to go toith theGrand Canaric. 
 
 ■Cbe 1 a oap toe cameinto the roaDe of the totone of Canaric , tobtch Iieth one league from the 
 fame totone. &nb after toe bao ftjot off outers pieces of ominance to falttte the totone ano the ca» 
 ftle.the goueiiicM.it aim capt nines of the Jiaim Cent to bs tobtch mere the capcainee of the ujips,re a 
 (luiring tos to come a fbo?e. 9no tohen toe came to them tljcp receiueo bs berp frcnolp , offering 
 bs their otone Jennets to rtoe to the totone,ano tohat other frienDffjip thep coulo fbcto bBiaim me srvuo cnaiiift 
 tocnt to the totone toith ttoo€ngliflj39arcbants tohicb lap there, anD remaineD in their boufe j^SSS^,, 
 thatoap, Che fccoitDDapfolIotoingtoecameaboojDtoDriiuerourmarcrjanDtfc,aimtogctour otanacanary. 
 pinncffcmeiiocD, 
 
 'Che 14 Dap came into theroabtbe §>paniuj fleet tobtch toasbouno to the Cmperourc Indies, 
 toljich mere in number nineteene failc.to hereof fire toereujips of foure ljunojeo aim ftue buim^D 
 apiece,tljerefttoereofttoohunD?eo, animtm^cDanDfiftp, anDofanhttno^cD, tUhcnthcptoere cde§>p«mu) 
 come to an ancre tljep fafuteo bs toith o?Dinance,anD fo toe did them in like cafe, 9no aftertoaros gjj J^®^ 1 
 the aomirall (toljo toas a knight) fent Ijts pinneffe to Deftre me to come to frim; ano tohen 31 came ttmtfoat! 
 to him he recetuco me fricnolp, ano toas befiroua to Ijeare fometohat of the ftate of England ano 
 Flan ders. 3nD after Ijeljao mane me a banquet, 31 Dcparteb ; ana 31 being gone bnto the boat, bee 
 cattfeo one of his gentlemen to Deftre Francifco the Portugal!, tohicb toas mp interpreter, to re- 
 quire me to furlemp flagge , Declaring thatljeetoaso3encrallof the €mperours fleet, iGBbich 
 thing (being come aboo?D)FrancikofhetoeD me : anDbecaufe3lrefufeDtofurlett,anDbeptit 
 foo?tb trill, certatne of the fouloicrs in t^e (hips ftjot Diuers harquebuflj fbot about the fljip, ano o> 
 iter the flagge : anD atthefamc time t^ere came certeine gentlemen aboojo our ftjtp to feeljet ; 
 to tohom 31 fapo, that if tbep tooulD not catife thofe their men to leaue (booting, 31 tooitlo (hoot the 
 bed ominance 31 bao thomto their ftocs, 3nc tohen thep perccttttD that 31 toas offenDco, t bev oc 
 par t co , ano caufeD their men of toarrc arm foulDiers to (boot no nunc, anD aftertoaros tl;ep came 
 to me againe,anD toloe me that tbep haD punitbeD tbeir men, Chat Done, 31 fbetoeo them the ftjip, 
 ano maDetbein fuch cljeere as 3 coulo, tohicb tbcpreceiueb berp tbanttfullp : anottje Dap folloto- 
 ing thep fent fo? mec to Dine toith them, anD fent me toom that their ©cncrall toas ucrp fojp that 
 anp man ftjoulD require me to furle mp flagge,anD tbatit toas totthout his confent t annthcrcfo^e 
 
 he 
 
 I 
 
RioddOro, 
 
 Francis Cafte- 
 lin. 
 
 Capcvcrde. 
 jfotiMjlfliiDe. 
 
 M great tratie 
 ofitie jfrmcB* 
 mr 11 at Cape 
 verdc. 
 
 46 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, MJViLTmrfon 3. 
 
 i;e requeued me not to tljinfce anp bngentleneffe to be in Ijim, p^omtfing tljat no manof Ijts fljouin 
 inifocmeanebimfelfe, . . 
 
 dje 1 7 Dap toe fet faile in tlje roan of Grand Canane, ami p^occeocoon our bopage ♦ 
 
 ©be 20 in tljnno?mngtoeljad fight of tbecoattof Barbarie, ano tunninpj along tfoefbojetoe 
 badfight of Rio del 6ro,tobichlietbalmoQbnt)ertbetropikeof Cancer. 
 
 dje 21 cap toe foundourfclucstobcin 20 Degrees anDaljalfe, tobicbiSthebetgtbofCapc 
 Blank. : 
 
 dje 25 toebadfi$toftbeIandiKthebaptotbe,^thl»aroof Cape Verde. 
 
 de 26 31 tooke Francifcoann Francis Caftelin toitb me, and toent into cijc ptttnetTe , andfo 
 toeut to tbe Tyger toijicb toas neerer the fljo?e tljen tlje other (hips, ano toent aboo?D ljer,and toitb 
 l3ermiDtljeotf^erftip0toeranneSBeaaiiDl)p<§>otu|j,anDSnea-foutrjtocB,untiUabot!tfoureof 
 tbe clacfte, at tohtcb time toe toere bard aboo?D cljc Gape, ano then uie ran in g>outbtoett, nnn be* 
 ponD tlje Cape about foure leagues toe founD a faire 3iland,ami beftBes that ttoo 0? tljjee 3llands, 
 tohtcb toere of berp Ijtglj rocks, beingtull of Diners fo?ts of fea-foule, anD of pigeons, toitb other 
 fojtsofland-foules, anofomanp, ttjat ctjc intjole 31Iano toas couereo luit^ ttjc Dung t&creof, ana 
 fcemeo fo torjite as if tl;e tobole aland bad bene of cbalke j ano tottbin tljofe 3]lanos toas a berp 
 faircbap, and hard aboo^berGckseigbtcenefadomtoater, a«D fairegrounn. anotoljcntoe 
 percciueo tbe bap,and bnoerfianoing that tlje frenchmen bad a grf at trace there, tobiclj toe toere 
 DcGraus toknoto.toe came to an aucre toitb the Tyger. 9nd after that tlje Minion anD tlje Cbri- 
 ft aphcr ancrecin like cafe : tben toe caufeb tlje pinneffe to runnc bepand another Cape ofiand,ta 
 fee iftljete toere anp piace to traoc in there, 
 
 3itbcmgncci-cntgl;t3tookcouvcaclteanDtIjeTygersfkiffe, ano toent to the 3)land, inhere 
 toe goc ccrtainc fotiles like bnto ©annaros j anD irjcn 31 came aboojn againc ano tooke ttoo of 
 tlje tSannaros toljiclj toe ban taken, anD carteo tljcmtotlje enptaiueofthe Chriftopher,ano toben 
 3 had taikco toitlj btm, 3] found Ijim not toilling to tarp tljerc, neitber toas 35 DcGrous to fpend a< 
 np long time there, but onelp to attempt toljat toas to be done, dje Spatter of tbe Chviilopher 
 toltjemclje tooula not tarp, being not bounofo? tbat place. 
 
 dje 27 tbe Captatne of tlje Tyger anD Edward Selman came to me , anD Iohn Make worth 
 from tlje Ghriftopher.ano tljen toe agreed to take tbe pinneffe, ft- to come along tbe ftjoje,becattfe 
 tljat toijere toe rio no Ncgros came to bs, ano tlje nigbt befoje our pinneffe brought bs too jo tbat 
 tljere toas a berp faire 3]lann, 3no toben 31 came beponD trjc point 31 founD it fo , ano toitball a 
 gooelp bap, ano toe fato bpontlje maine certaine Ncgros tobiclj toauenbson ffco?e , and tben toe 
 came to an ancre tottlj tlje pinneffe , ano toent a (hoje toith our cocke , and thep tbctoeD bs toberc 
 tbeirtraDetoas.anDtbattbcpbabClepb'intsteet^mtifte^biocs^nDoffcreDbstofetcbDotone 
 tbeir Captaine, tf toe tooulo tend a man toitlj them, ano tbcp tooulD leaue a plccgc fo? bim : tljen 
 toe afkeD tljcm toben anp Ibip bao bene tljere ; ano fome of tljem fapo not in cigljt monetljs,otbcrs, 
 in fire monetbS,and otbers in foure, ano tbattbep toere frenchmen* 
 
 CDbcn toe pcrcciutng tlje Chriltopher not toilling to tarp, DcpattcD from tljcm,? fet faile toitb 
 the pinneffe and toentaboo?o the Tyger. 
 
 dje 10 oap of Snatch toe fell toitlj tlje coatt of Guinca,Bue leagues to tbeCafltoaro of Cape 
 de Monte, befioe a rtuer called Rio das Palmas. 
 
 Clje 1 1 toe toent to tbe ujoje.anD founD one man that coulD fpeakefomePortuguife,toljo tolce 
 bs tljat tbere toere tb?re jr ?encb tt)ips paffeb bp; one of tbem ttoo monetbs pail, ano tlje otfjet one 
 monctlj pall. St tijis place 31 receiueoninctcrne€IepljantsJtectb, ano ttoo ounces ano balfe a 
 rjuatterofgolDe. 
 
 3Dljc 1 2 toe fet fatle to go to tbe riucr de Seflos. 
 
 die 1 3 at night toe fell toitlj tlje fame r i ti cr . 
 
 Cbe 1 + bap toe fent in our boats to take toatcr, and romagco our (hipprs, and deltucred fucb 
 toares to tbe Chriltopher and Tyger,as tijep bad need of. 
 
 dje i y toecame togctber, and agreed to fend tbe Tyger to another riuer to take in Ijcr toatcr, 
 ano to fee toljat the could do fo; graines. 9fter that toe tooke marcljanDtfe toitb bs, and toent in* 
 to the riuer, and there toe founD a Negro tohicb toas boine in Lisbone,left there bp a ttjip of Por- 
 tugal tobiclj toas burned the latt pcre at this riuer in fighting toitlj tb?ee frenchmen ; and be tola 
 bs further, that ttoo monetljs patt tljere toere tb?ce jf rencljmen at this place ; ano fire toeeks patt 
 tbere toere ttoo tf renclj Slips at the riuer ; ano fiftcene napes patt there toas one. 311 tobiclj (hips 
 toere gone totoaros the Mina, djis dap toe tooke but feto graines, 
 
 die 1 g dap confiocring that the frenchmen tocregone befo?e MS , and that bp rcafonof tlje 
 iinbolefome aires of this place foureteeneof cur men in tlje Minion toere fallen ficke, toeeoeter» 
 mined to depart,and toitb all (peed to go to tbe Mina. 
 
 ©be 
 
 38 faire Tlanb 
 inhere tfte 
 JFrencfttratie. 
 
 dcpliamo 
 trrtfi.miilfcc, 
 anD {jibes. 
 
 Cabode Monte. 
 
 SUe rillf t de 
 3e(tos, 
 
M.fFili.TowrJdn 3. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. aj 
 
 ^(jen bice came to tbe riuerdePotos, tuTjere fomeofouc boats toentinfojtoatcr, ano 3} v&MMt, 
 incite in toitlj our rocke, ana tool- c 1 2 fmallClepljants teetlj. 
 
 -iZL&e a 3 oap,aftet toe bao taken ap man? teetb as toe coulo get, about nine of tic cloche toe fee 
 faile to go totoarbp tlje Mina. 
 %\}t 3 1 toe came to Hanta, ano mans fale of cettaineManillios. 
 •ilbe firfl 3pnll toe Ijac figljt of fine faile of ipojtugals , tobereupon toe fet fade anb tocnt off 
 to Tea to gettbetotnoeoftbem, tobiebtoecujoulD batieljaoif tbetoinbebaokeptbisojoinarp P«?6eftH* 
 courfe, tobitb i^ all ttjc bap at tbe <§)outbtoea, anb aOeff-fonttjtoea : itttc tljisbap tottb a flato it $$$£8** 
 feeptalltbeDapattlje€att, anDdEatt-foutbeatt, fotbattbel|Do?tugaIsbaDtbetomoeDfbs, anb 
 came roomc toitb tbe Tyger anbbs biwill nigfjt , ami ujougbt tbcmlelues all fane one, toljicb fai* 
 Jeonotfotocilastberett, toitljinujotofbs : tbcnitfcllcaime, anb tbetoinoe came bp to tlje 
 ©outbtoell, botobeit it toasneere nigbt, ann tbe Chriftopher,up meanep of bet boat, toas about B 
 i ure leagues to tbe Ice toarog of bs. 3Be tackcb ano ramie into the toeatber of tlje &om t tall, anb 
 tbrcemoje of W companp, ano toJjen toe toere neerebim toe Ipafcetoljtm, bucbetooulonot an* 
 {toere, <&bcntoecattauoutanblapintbetoeatb'erofbim; anb calling about be tbotatbs, anb 
 tbentoeeujotatbim, ano ujotbimfoureojfiue times tljojoto, tlbep ujot outers times tbo?oto ^efi^jtj 
 oucfailes, butburtnoman* %\yt Tyger ano tbepinnefle, becaufeittoasnigbt, keptouttbeir 
 faiIes,$toouIo not meoole toitb tljem, 3ftertoebaot&u0fougbttogctbcr2ljouresojmojc,ami 
 tooulo notlapljimaboojo becaufeittoasnigbt, toe left (booting one at tbcotber, ano kept GUI 
 tlje toeatber of tbcm, Cben tlje Tyger ano tbe pinnerfe kept about ano came to bs,ano afcertoara 
 being neece tlje fljo je, toe tljjee kept about ano lap to tbe fea, ano ujot oft a piece to gfue toanmtg 
 totbcChriftopher. 
 
 Cbis nigbt about 1 2 of tfiecIocRC,beingberpIitIctoint)e,anbtbcS©aiIerof tbe Tyger afieepe, 
 bp tlje ill toojte of bis men tbe Ojip fel aboojb ofbs,ano toitb ber fljeare-bcoks tut our maine faile,, 
 ano Ijer boat being bettoirt bs toas b?oken ano funcke, toitb ccrtainc matcbanbife in Ijer, anb tlje 
 fljips males toere broken toitb bee outleger: pet in tbe enb toe cleave c bee toitljout anp mo }c burt ., * 
 
 bm flje toas in ba??arb to be bio Un botone to tbe toatcr, 
 
 'SDbefeconboaptoebabCgbtoftbeChriftopher, anotocrenecrctottobeCjfotbatSItoolteour * 
 
 boatatttrtoenttober. 3nn tobeuacamctbitber, tbepftjetocome, trjat after tlje pjjtugais baa 
 ieftbs, tbeptoent all roome toitb bim, anbaboutttoelueaclockeatnigljtmetbtm, aiiafbotar, 
 fjtm , ano bee at tljem ,. ano tljcp ujot tjim tbo?oto t^t failes in orucrs places , ana oio no otijer 
 great butt. 3no toben toe bao bnocrttooo tbat tbep IjaD becne toitlj bin as tocll as toitb bs , toe 
 agrccb altogether to feefcetbem (if toeemigbt finoe them) ano keepe a toeatljet our places of 
 ttaffique, 
 
 Cbe t biro bap toe ran ail oap to tlje &dut{jtoefltoarbs to feeke tbe pjtugsle, but eoulD bane 
 no figljt of tbem, ano ballco into tbe Q;o?c, 
 
 3Dbe fourtb oap,toben toeljaofigbt of lano.toe founb tbat t&e currant frao fet bs tljirtp leagues" 
 to tbe €atttoaros of our reckoning, tobicb toe tooonbereo at : f 0? tlje firfi lanb toe maoc toas La- u^f. 
 gua. ^cn3Icaufco our boattobemanneo s anb tbeChriftophersalfo-, ano toenttotbe(bo?e 
 qnb toofee our Negro tottlj bs» 9nb on ujoje toe learneo tbat tljere toere foure jTtcnclj ftips bpon 
 t^e coftC; one at Perinnen,tobicb is fir leagues to tbeSHefltoarbof Laguoa : anotberat Weam- P'rinn^ 
 b3,toljicb isfoure leagues to tlje CCtoatb of Laguoa ; atljiro at Perecow,tobicbts foureleagues pb"«^ 
 to tlje ^afltoaro of Weamba : ano tlje fourtb at Egrand^toljicb is foure leagues to tlje <£atttoaro E s taniJ » 
 ofPcrecow. 
 
 Wti)tn toe bao intelligence oft&cfe netoes toe agreeb to go to tbe «Eafltoarbs toitb tlje jTrcnclj 
 men to put tbem from tbcirtraffique, ano fijot off ttooo?tb?ee pieces in our boats tocaufe tbe 
 fijips to toap : ano bauing bene about one boure bnoer faile , toe bao Cgtjt of one of tbe .f rencd 
 men bnoer faile, fcallingoff from Weamba to toljomc toe gaue cljafe, ano agceeo in tbe nigbt fo? 
 feare of ouerujooting tljem, tljat tlje Minion Ojoulo firC come to ancre, ano after tbat about tbjee 
 Routes, tbe Tyger rnto tbe Chriftopher to beare along all nigbt* 
 
 -Ebe s bap toe founb tlj?ee of tbe ^rcnclj ujips at ancre s one calico La fbye de Honaeur,afljft)i 
 of 2 20 tunned , anotljet CalleO tbe Ventereufe 0? fmall Roebargeof Honfleur ,: of 1 00 tunnes, 
 botrj appertaining to Shawdct of Honfleur , tlje tljiro toas calleo tlje Mulct de BatuiUe a Ibip of 
 120 tunnes, ano tbis fijip belongeb to certaine sparcbants of Roan. 
 
 <!Itben toe cametotbem,toebetermineotolap tlje Somiral aboo?D,tbe Chriflopher tbe Cite-- 
 abmirall,anb tbe Tyger tlje mtalieit : but toben toe came nere tljem tljep toapebjano tbe C brifto- 
 pher being tbe Ijeaomofl jtlje toeatbermoft man, toent roome toitb tbe aomirall : tbe Roebarge 
 toentfofaHtbattoeecoulonotfetcljber. Cljefirtt tbat toe came totoas tlje Muler, anb Ijer bee %&&&% 
 ia^bauoojbjanboutmeiietwretJ anfltoofcehjr, tobit^irtoastbencljeacrceuttbeaomiraiij J^S^ 
 
 ft} 
 
 r 
 
48 The Englifh VoyagesJNauigations, MWiLTowprfon 3, 
 
 f 1 the SomiraU bad taken about So pound of goloc, mid the Roebcrge two t ak en but 2 a pound; 
 and all this we learned of the jf ren chmen , tobo kneto it toerp tocll : f 01 thep to ere all in confojc 
 together , ano had bene bpon the roaU of Mina ttoo monf tbs ano odde oaves : botobeit the Roe- 
 bcrge had bene there before them toitb another Djip of Diepe,am> a carauel,tohtch bao beaten all 
 the coatt.anb toere oeparteb one inonetp befoje out atrtutng t bere,anb thep thjee |jao taken about 
 7oopouwDofojoIoe» 
 
 Stone as me had lapeo the Ojip abo id ,and left tertatnc men in !jr r to keepe her, toe fet faflc 
 
 and gaue chafe to tlje other ttoo (bin?, ana cbafeb them all bap ant> night , ano the nett cap but ill 
 
 £t;?cc a clocke in the afteraoone,but toe coulo not fete!) them : aim therfoje feeing that toe brought 
 
 out fclues berg tore to leetoarb of out place, toe left tlje chafe, ano Kept about againe to go toithj 
 
 ftbefljo?e ( > 
 
 $m voimtt %\fi-j nap 33 fent foj trje captaine,mateljants 9 matters of the otrjer thip*, anb tofjen tljep came 
 
 fiuffrmS toetoetgbeothcgolDCbijicbtoe ban from the ^frenchmen , tobicb toeigbebfiftppoumj anofiue 
 
 viut. ounces of gotoe : this bone, toe agrees to put men out of euerp fin'p into tbepnfe to keepeker, 
 
 r €\)t 1 2 bap toe came to the further place of trje Mina calico Egrand,ano being come toan an* 
 tre,oifchargeb all tfje marcbants goons out of tlje p jife, ano tooulo Ijaue fold tlje fljtp toith tlje bic* 
 tuals to tlje f rencljmen,but becaufe (be toas leake thep tooulo not take her,but befireb bis to faue 
 their liucs in taking them into out otone fljt'ps : tljen toe agreeb to take out the btc tuals and finke 
 tbeujipjaubbtuioethe men among our ftjips, .-..-. 
 
 ■Elje 1 5 at night toe mane an eno of bifebargmg tlje pjife, and biuioed aiWje jFrene&men er> 
 cept f ourc toljiclj toereficke anb not able to bclpe thcmfelucs ; toljitlj foure both tlje Chriftopher 
 ano tlje Tyger refufeb to take,leauing tljem in tljeic (hip alone in the night,fo that about mibnigljt 
 31toasfo?cebtofetcbthemtntoourujip, ;,-',-,: 
 
 S0)in< %{yz 1 5 of $p?il, moouing out companp fo % tlje bopage to Benin, tlje mett part of tbemall re* 
 
 fufedit, ..■...- 
 
 Cbe 1 6, feeing tljebntotw'ngneffe ofthe companp to goe thither , tot oetermineb to fpeno ag 
 much time bpon tlje coatl as to e coulo, to the eno toe might make our bopage,anb agreeb to lease 
 the Minion rjerc at Egrand, the Tyger to go to Pericow tobicb is foure leagues! off, anwlje Chri- 
 ftoplier to goe to Weamba, toljiclj is ten leagues to tlje toeatbertoatb of this place : aninf anp of 
 them both ujottlo bane fight ofmo?e faiies tljen tfjcp thought goobto mebbletoitljall,' to come 
 roometoitljthetrfcllotoes; totoit,fitlitlje Chriftopher to come toitl; the Tyger, anothen,bot|i 
 theptocometoitijbs, 
 
 Wit remained in this place callebE grand, bnttUtdelatl bap of Spjil, intoljrcBttmemanp of 
 our men fell ft'eke; and fire of them nito. and here toe could Ijaueno trarftque toitljtljcNegros 
 but tlj jce 0; foure capes in the toeeke,ano all the reQ of the toeeite tljcp tooulo not come at bs. 
 
 'fthc 3 of fl^apnothauing the pimtcife fent bstoitrjclotij from the other fbtjss, as tbepp joint* 
 feb,toe folbe Jfrenclj cloth, and gaue but tfe?ee pares thereof to cucrp fttffc, 
 
 Che 5 nap the Negros oepartecand told *j t&ep toould come to bs arHnt toitfjin foute papes, 
 toljich toe Determined there to tarp,althougb toehab oiucrs of ourmenftt at, 
 
 Che 8 Dap,alIourclotljintljeMinion being foIn,3Icallen the companp togetljtrjtofenoto-tolje* 
 
 tljer t hep tooulo tarp the fale of the cloth taken in the pnfe at" this place 0? no t tljcp anftoereb,thac 
 
 Sictrnff'. w refpect of tljebeatljof fomc of thttrmen, ano thepjefent ficRnefleof ttocncp moje, tljtp tooulo 
 
 not tatp,but repaire to tlje other fljips,of tohoin thep had beatd nothing fin cc the 27 of S p?tl : ana 
 
 pet thep had out pinnelfe tottb tljem,onelp to catpnetoes from one to another* 
 
 3Dljc 9 dap toe betermineb to depart hence to out fcltotoes,to fee tohat thep (jab bone,anb to at- 
 tempt tohat toas to be bone at the totone of Don Iohn. 
 
 %\)t 1 o bap in the morning toe fet fatle to feefee the Chriftopher ano trje Tyger. 
 
 ■She 1 1 oap tlje captauic of the Chriftopher came to bs, anb tola bs that t hep coulb fi'nbc fmall 
 Doings at the plates tohere thep bad bene; 
 
 ^he 1 2 William Crompton anb % in OUT Gnall pinnefie toCltt to tfy Tyger anb the Chrifto- 
 pher at Perenine. , . 
 
 ^Ije 1 3 toe fent atoap tlje Tyger to Egrand , hecaufe toe fotmb notljing to boe at Perenine, 
 too?tljthetarpingfo?, 
 
 Qbe 1 4 out great pinnelfe came to bs, ano pjefentlp toe put cloth into foer, anb fent her backe 
 to Weamba,tohere fije hab bene befoie, anb hab taken tljere ten pounb of golbe, 
 
 %\j» 1 5 tlje Minion came to bs , anb the nett bap toe toent a iljoje toitji out boats , atuj tookc 
 out ens ounce of gotoe, 
 mowi« "S-hc i9dapljauinglet faile toecame to an an:re befoie Mowte, anb there to? tarried ttoo 
 
 oapcsjbut woke not an ounce of goioe/ f 
 
 eutmctiUie 
 
 BfOcHntffe. 
 
Ai.WiUSTotorfbfify Traffiques,andDifcoueries. 49 
 
 •Stfje 21 toe came to an ancrebefbje Don Iohns totone. 
 
 •©be 22 toe manneo our boats ano toent to lho?e, but tlje Negros tooulo not come at bs ; then 
 the Captaine of the Chriftopher ano 3! tooke a fkiffe aim eight men toitlj OS, ano toent ano talkr o 
 toith the Negros, ano t&cp fapo that thep tooulo feno a man to tlje great totone,to()crc Don Iohn site great 
 ljimfcIfeiap,to aouertifehim of out commtng. dmioiS, 
 
 ©he a ? toe toent a Qjoje againe, ano the Negros toloebsthat this oap the marcljants of Don 
 Iohn tooulo come ootone : fa lac tar cicd ti>crc iutili ingUc , ano no man tooulo come to bs: but 
 Btuers of tlje Negros maoe bs Crjncia toocpait. 
 
 Cljc 24 tlje Captaine of the Chriftopher tooke his boat t toent to Mo wre , ano toljen he came 
 tln'ther,cettaine Negros came to him to knoto tlje pj-ice of fjts toarcs, Out m tlje eno tljcre came an 
 9Imaoc,tohiclj Ije iuogco came from tlje caftle,affl) caufeo all tlje Negros to Depart from hitmans 
 tohenhc fato tljcp tooulo come no mo?e to him , Ije toent a fijoje anD tooke ccrtaine men toitlj him, 
 ano tljen tlje Negros call ttones at tljem,$ tooulo not fuffer tljcm to come Dp to their totone. Shb 
 toljeu thep fato tljat, tljep tooke ccrtaine of tlje 9lmaDes, ano put them to ttje fca, ano aft enures 
 DepajteD, <£he fame mo jning 3 toent a Qjojc at Don Iohns totone, ano tooke a toljitc flag totcl) 
 tne,but none of tlje Negros coulo come to me, toljiclj caitfeo bs to iuagc tljat the pajtagats toere 
 in tlje totone. 9fter this, our boat came to bs toell mamteo, ano 31 fent one man bp to the totone 
 toitlj a toljite flag in his hano, but toljcnlje toas come tljttljer, aHtbe Negros toent atoap $ tooulo 
 not fpeaketoith Ijim* lEljen 3 fent one alone into tlje toooos after them, but thep in no cafe tooulo 
 tome to bs. ffift'jen toe fato tljat.toe tooke ttoeluc goats anofouretcene fjenrtej?, toljtch toe founo 
 in tlje totone, ano toent aboojotot'thout Doing anp further hurt to the totone : ano toljen 3j came 
 aboo jo, 31 founo our.pttinclTc come frcm Cormatin, tobt'eh hao taken tljcre ttoo potmo 9 6ue ottn- Comuia 
 ces of goloe. ^Lljcn after mttclj aoo toith tlje frotoarD S0ariuers,toc toent thuljertoaros toith, our 
 0jip,at!Othe Chriftopher toenttoMowre. 
 
 ■©he 2 ^ oap tlje Staffer of tlje Chriftopher fent his boat to the fho?e fo? balafl , ano tlje Ne- 
 gros tooulo Ijaue beaten the companp from tlje (bo jc, tohcrcupon the company refifico tbtm, ano % a^t tuite 
 fleto ano hurt Diuers of tljem, ano Ijautng put tljcm to flight, liurneotljcir totone, anobjakcall H>* Nc s«»» 
 their boat?* 
 
 3Dbe 2 6 oap our pinnelfe came to bs from Cormatin, ano Ijao taken ttoo pcuno 5 clcucti otm* 
 .tee of goloe; ano Iohn Shirife toloeus tljat tlje Negros of tljat place toere bcrp ocfirou? to Ijauc a 
 Ihip come backe againe to tljeir totone. 
 
 ■fclje 27toetoapco ano toent to Cormatin. 
 
 ^Ije 28 tlje Chriftopher came to bs from Mowre, ano traff tqueD tljere ttoo oapes. 
 
 ©he fecono Dap of lune tlje Ty'ger came to bs from Egrand, ano tlje pinneffe from Weamba^ 
 ano thep ttoo Ijao taken about fiftp pouno of goloe Bnce trjcp Dcpartco fromto?. 
 
 ©he 4 oap toe oeparteo from Cormatin to pliebp to Shamma , being not able to tarp anp Ion* 
 ger bpon the coafi fo? lacke of bictual0,ano fpeciallp of D jtnkc. 
 
 "Slje 7 oap toe Ijao Cgbt of fitte of tlje kii'gof Portugils (hips, tohich came toan anew bcGDes" 
 tfjccatllc. 
 
 %l)e 8 oap George ano Binny came to bs,ano bwught toith tljem about ttoo pouno ofgolbe* 
 
 Che 10 Dap tntlje morning 31 tooke our fmall pinnelfe, anD tlje Captaine of tlje Chriftopher 
 toitlj me, ano manneo Ijex toell, ano toent to tlje cattle tobtcto the ^)o?tugals fijips, ano there toe 
 founo one.ujip of about 3 00 tunne^ ano foure carauels { toljen toe Ijaotoellbieujeo them, toe re= 
 turneo backe againe to our Chips toljiclj toe founo feuen leagues at fea. 
 
 ■She 1 1 oap in the mo jntng toe founo our felucs toel fljot totoaro Shamma, gft&e Tyger tottf) 
 bs, but ttje M inion $ the pinneffe Ijao not teapco tljat nigljt, fo tljat toe toeie out of ftgljt of tljcm t 
 ano batttng b?ottgljt our fclues in the tocatljer of the \pa- t tugals fljtps, toe came to an ancre to ta* 
 tp fo? the Minion , ? els toe mtgljt Ijaue fctcljeo Shamma. at nigljt tlje Minion ano the pinnelfe 
 came\.p to bs , but coulo not fetch fo tore to the toeathertoaro as toe , ano there fo?e tljcp ancrco 
 about a league a toeather %\# cattle.ano toe toaieo in tljeChriftopher,ano toent roome toitlj Ijcr, 
 
 %\)t 1 1 oap tlje Tyger came roome toith OS , ano (be ano the Chriftopher finoing tljtmfeluejs 
 to Hano in great ueco ofbtctuats,tooulD Ijaue gone toitlj tlje ipojtugsls (bips to Ijaue fetcljco fome 
 of tljem fo?th : but our matt er ano companp tooulo in no cafe confent to goctotth them, fo? feare 
 ofljangingtohen toe came home : ano tlje otljcr ttoo fijips being fullpminoeoto Ijauegone, ano 
 fearing tljat their otone companp tooulo accufc tljcm.ourfr not go to tljcm. 
 
 after this , bp reafon of tlje toant of bictuals in tlje pinneffe , toljiclj coulo recciue notnctttala 
 from the other fijtppes, but from bs onelp, toe tooke out all our men,atiD put ttoelue $ rcncljmctt 
 into her,anogaue tljem bictuals to b?t'ng tljem to Shamma, 
 
 ®ljg I? Dap tlje Tyger a«D Minion arriueD at Shamma, anD tljeChtiftophertoitljt'n ttoo 
 
 Eee iMguegi 
 
 if 
 

 5o The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, M.lViU.T<m>rfon }.' 
 
 J^otc 
 
 ^frenchmen 
 limb uicmalg 
 jnto tljc jn;i* 
 ncffr. 
 
 Shamma burnt 
 
 bptjjcCng' 
 lift. 
 
 <ITt)eirrettirrte 
 
 JjomtUJatD- 
 
 •5Tl)e currant. 
 
 S.Thome jfiana 
 
 ■tiTtie ScCcripfi* 
 ouohlic \t 
 efS.Thomc. 
 
 Reliant) of 
 Salt, 
 
 leagues off t^tm , but coulu not fetclj tlje uiince bp realonof tfje fcantiiclTe of ibetoinDe, tot,ic& 
 Ijatij bene fo fcant , that in fifteene nape? toe haue plieo to the toinoetoarbs but ttoelue league?, 
 tobtch before toe bib in one bap anb a night, 
 
 Che 20 oap 3 tooke our pinneffe , ano toent to the totone of Shamma to fpeake toith the cap* 
 taitie, ano be tolce me that there toas no goloe there to he bah, no? fb much as a hen to be bought, 
 ano all b? rcafbn of tlje accojo tohtch he haD mane toith tlje }]3o?tugals , anb 31 feeing t&ac Dtpa** 
 teopcareablp from him, 
 
 Che 2 1 31 put fuch ttjings as toe hab into our fmall pinnttfe , anb tooke one marchant of out 
 fijip,ano another oftljeTyger,anbfcntljcr to Hanta, to attempt, if Iherottlobceanptljingtrjtr^ 
 'iZWjatmghttljepcotilDDonotljingbtittocrcpjomifebtohaucgolDethenertDap. 
 
 Che nert cap (toljich toas tlje 2 2) beiug come, toe fent eur pinneffe to Hanta againe.bttt there 
 neither tlje captaincuo?tl;eNegros Dutfttraffiketoith^Sjbutintifeb bs from place to placc,f.no 
 alltonopurpole, 
 
 Cbis bap toe put atoap our pitmeffe, toith 0ue anb ttocntp ^Frenchmen in fjer, ano gattc tlje m 
 fuclj victuals as u;e coulb fpare,ptttting fifteene of them to tlje ranfome of fire crotones a man. 
 
 Che 23 cf 3lune our pinneffe came tobs from Hanta, ana toloebs that t{je Ncgros hab Dealt 
 bcrp ill totth them,anb toottlD not traffic toith them to anp purpofr, 
 
 Che 24 toe tooke our boat anb pinneffe, anDmanneDtljemtoell, anb toent to tfje totone of 
 Shamma, anDbecaufe tlje Captainetljereof toas become fubiect to the lj9o?!ugais toeburneO 
 t'jetoton?, anb our men feebingtljcfpoile of fuch trifles astoeretljere founnaii9o?tugalschcff, 
 toljerein toas feme of his apparell, ano his toeights, ano one letter fent to him from the cattle, 
 tohcrcbp toe gatljcreo that tlje pojtugallhaD bene there of a longtime* '■ 
 
 Che 25 bap, about thjee oftbeclockeat afternoone,toe fet fcilt, ano put into the tea, fo?ouc 
 returne to England. 
 
 Che laG Dap of this monetlj toe fell toith tlje fbo?e agat'ne , ano maoe our reckoning to be c tglj* 
 teeneleaprsto tlje toeathertoarD of tlje place tohere toe fet off, ffillhen ire came to mafu the 
 lanDjtoefoimbottrfclucsto be eigljtcene leagues to tlje IcetoarD of the place, inhere toe fet off, 
 toljiclj came to paffe , bp reafon of tlje crtreame currant that runneth to the (JEatttoarc : toljen toe 
 perceiucD our feltiea fo abufeD,toe agreeo tocaff about againe 5 ano to lie a? necrc the tomDc as toe 
 coulo, to fetch the line, 
 
 Che feuentlj of aulp toe Ijap fight of the 3!le of SJhome, anb thought to haue fought the roao 
 to haue ancrcD tljerc : but the ticjet mo?ningtbe toinoe cameabout,atib toe kept cur courfe. 
 
 Che tmuhjtb? toinDebarping.toe kept about againe,anD fell toith tlje 3Hantj of 9.1home,ano 
 feekiug the roao jtoae becalmeD neere tlje 3IanD,anD toitlj the currant toere put ncere tlje f&o?e, 
 but cottlo Ijaue no gromiD toancre : fo that toe toere fojeeb toljoife out our pinneffe, ano the other 
 lljiystheirfhifstototoeftomtfaeaianD.tobtcljDiDltcIcgooDjbuttnthecnbthetoinDcputbisthjee 
 leagues off tlje fbo?c. 
 
 Clje tentljoap tlje Chriflopher anb tlje Tyger caff about, tohercbp toe iubgeb them to Ijaue a* 
 grcectogetljcr, togocfeekefomeujipsintljeroaD, anbtolcauebs.'ourmentoerenottoillingta 
 goc after them , fo? feare of running in toith the3lanb againe, anb of putting our fetes into the 
 famebangertljattoetocreinthentghtbefojetbuttoeujotoffapiece.anDputoutttooltghtSjaiin 
 tljep aufuiereo bs tottlj lights againe : tohereupon toe kept our courfe , ano thought that thep ban 
 follotocD bS, but in tlje mojming toe coulb not fee them, fo that thep left bg toillinglp, anb toe oe< 
 tcrmineoto fol!ototljcmnomo?e, ^ut the cleuenth bap toe altereb our opinion ano courfe, ano 
 confentcDto caff about againe fo?the3jlanb, tofeekeourfhips; anb about foureoftbecfocke in 
 tlje afternoone toe met tottlj them, 
 
 Clje 13 toefcnagainetoiththeaianbofS.Thome; anb tlje fame nig&t toe founb our relueg 
 birectlpbnoer the line. 
 
 Cljis Jlano is a berp high 31IanD, anb being bpon the 32Jeff fibe of it, pott fhall fee aber^bighj 
 pike, toljiclj is betpfmall, ano ffreight, as it toere tlje Beetle of a church, tohicb ptkeiieth Direct* 
 Ipbr.Der the line, anoatthefame&outb enDofthe3llanbtothe<I«HefttoarD tfcercoflicthafmatt* 
 ilanD, about a mile from tlje great 3llatun 
 
 Clje tijiro of 9ugu£t toe DeparteD fro tlje 31Ie of S.Thome,fjmet tlje tointie at the &outljtoeft\ 
 
 Che 1 2 Dap uie toere in the height of Cape verde. 
 
 Che 22Dap toe fell toitIjoneoftlje3ltEofCapcverde,callebCheIleofSaIt,anb being info?* 
 meo bp a ^cotittj man that toe tooke among tlje jTrenchmtnbpon tlje coafl,tl;at there toere frcu) 
 bictuals to beljaD,toe came to an ancre there. 
 
 'cijeajDapinthemojningtoemaHiicDourfkirfc.anDtoEntaujojejanDfotinbnoljoufcSjbut 
 toe fato fouje men, tobiclj kept tljemfelucs altoapess farre from bs , as fo? cattell toe coufo finbe 
 
 none, 
 
mm 
 
 MWiU.Tovprfon 3. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 5* 
 
 nonc,but great ffo^f goatB,ano tljcp toer e fo totloe, tljat toe coulo not tafee aboue tb?ec 0} fotire 
 oftbem : but tbe re tocljaoccooDftoe of fi(h , anDijponarm.in llano vu£^tcljia& bp tlje fame toe 
 IjaO great irojc of fea-birBs, 
 
 9c nigbt tijeChriftopher bjake ber cable, ano loft an an ere, ft tljat flje coulo tar? no longcr,fct 
 toe all toapco, arm fct fade, Slpon tbe fame 3iano toe left t&e fecoriuj mmi,tobicb toas tlje occa- 
 fion of our going alano at tbat place, but boto be toas left toe coulo not cell : buc,as toe mogeo, tlje 
 people of tbe aianofouuoiumflceping, ano fo canto btmatoap : fo? ac ntgrje atoctn »np ttife to 
 tbe Slant) to feeke bi«n,but coulo fymt nothing of bim f 
 
 ^■be 24 Dap tlje Spatter of tbe Tyger came aboo?o os , ? toloe us tljat bis men toere fo tocake, 
 sue tbe (bippe fo leake.tljat be toas not able to fceepe Ijet aboue tlje toater.ano tfjerefojc requeltco 
 bg to go backe agatnc to tlje 3Jiano, tbat toe migbc oifcljarge Ijer, ana glue ber bp : but toe tntrea- 
 tec ijim to take paroe tottb ber a tobitejano toe put a jTrencb Carpenter into ber, to fee if be coulo ^ t mst fa 
 finoe tbe leabe. Clj'S nap toe tooke aoieto of all our men,botbtl;ofe tbat toere l;ole, ano tbe ftcke gpJlPH 
 aifo, ana toe founa tbat in all tlje tbjre ftips, toere not aboue tbirtp founo men, {Son ^ewaft 
 
 'EbszjtoebaofigbtoftbeaieofS.Nicholas^notbeDapfoliotomg.oftbeotberSlIeSjS.Lu- ■"*"*■* 
 cia, s. Vincent, ano S. Anthony ; tobicb fourc 31lcslte tlje one from tlje ctljet jSojtbtoett ano bp 
 £ilcS,Swmtbeaa ano bpCalf, 
 
 %\p 26 toe came agaitie toitlj tbe 31laffli of S. Anthony, ano coulo not Ootsble tbe Cape, Cbis 
 cap Philip iones, tbe fatter oftbeChriftophcr,cameabooi8 to, tobobaDbeene aboo^o tlje Ty- 
 gcr,ano toloe bs tbat tbeptocre not able to keepe tlje Tygcr, becaufc fije toas leafce.ano tbe Ra- 
 fter berp tocake,ano fapo furtber,be bao agreeo toitb tlje Staffer ano t be companp.tbat tfcljc ttert 
 bap toe coulo Double tbe 3Uano,toe fboulo runne to tlje leetoaro of tt,ano tbere oifebarge bet : but 
 if toe coulo not Double it, tbentoput in bettotjet tbe jlanoof S.Vincent anO S, Amhony,tofee tf 
 toe coulo oifcljarge ber» 
 
 3EIjs tbiro Dap of "September 3 tocnt aboojo tbe Tyger,tottb tbe Spatter ano marcbants totij) 
 me.to bieto tbe ffn'ppe ano men : ano toe founo tbe Grippe berp leake, ano onelp fir labouring men 
 inber,toberecfonetoa0 tbe Spatter gunner : fo tbat toe feeing tljattljep toere not able to keepe 
 
 tbe ujip,agreeo co tahcintbeinenj anoof tbe goooistobat toe coulDfaue,ani) tbentoput tbe fljip 
 atoap. 
 
 ^be fife oap toe toent to Dtfcljargc tbe Tygcr. 
 
 ^be eigbt oap, Ijauingtakcn out (be artillerp, gcoBsi,WctU8l0,anD gold of tbe Ty ger,tee gaue w^k* s** 
 Ijerbp 2 5 Degrees bp j9o?tb tbe line. "'" p ' 
 
 %\t 27 toebaD fight of ttoo of tbe 3JItS Of tbe Azores, S.Mary, anO S. Michael. 
 
 •SLbe fourtb of ©ctober toefouno our felue0 to be 41 Degree? ano a Ijalfe from tlje line, 
 
 Hbcfirtoap tlje Chrittopher came to bs, anotoiUeDbs to put toitb tbe Cape, fo?rbepalfo 
 toere fo toeake, tljat tljcp lucre not able to keepe tlje fea, ano toe being toeake alfo, agreeo to goe 
 foi Vigo.being a place tobicb manp Cnglidj menfrequent, 
 
 %\z 1 o oap tlje Chriftopher toent roome toitb tbe Cape,bttt toe bautug amcrp totiiD foj Eng- 
 land, anofeanng tbe Danger of tbeencmieg, tobicb opinarilp lie abouttljcCape: befices, not 
 knotoittg tbeHateofourcouncrepanDSpaine, anoaltbougbittoerepeace, pet tljerc toas little 
 b ope of frienofljip at tbeir bancs , confioering tlje bopage tbat toe bao maoe , ano toe alfo being fo 
 tocake, tbat bp foice ano btolence toe coulo come op notbing, ano Doubting alfo tbat tbe Sing of 
 Portugall knotting of our being tbcre, migbttoojke fomc toap toitb tbe Councellof Spaineto 
 troublebst ano f urtbecconfiocring tljat if toe did put in toitb anp barbo?,toe lijoulD not be able to 
 come out agafne, till toe fent fo ? mo?e men into England, tobicb tooulo be a great cbarge,ano loffe 
 of time,ano meanes of manp Dangers, ail tljefe trjtngs ponojeo, toe agreeo to fijoot otfttoopie» 
 ces ofojotuance, to toame tijeChriftopher , anotljtn toetoentour courfe foj England .- fije bea« 
 ring our pieces foUotoCDb^anDtoecarricDaugbtfojljer, but tbe nert oap in tlje morning it 
 toas tbicfee,ano toe coulo not fee ber in tbe afternoone neitber, fo tbat toe fufpecceo tbat eitber flje 
 toas gone toitbSpaine, 0? els tbat Dje ftjoulo put foojtlj mo^efailes tben toeut tlje nigbt, ano toas 
 ujotabeao of bs,fo tbat tbentoeputfo?tb our top-failes,anDtoent our courfetoitb England. 
 
 9t tlje time toljen tijeChriftopher left bo , toe toeretoitbtn 120 leagues of England, 311045 
 leagues jaojtljtoeft ano bp C£Jelr from Cape Finifter : ano at tbefametime incur ujipstoeljao 
 not aboue Gre Sparineis ano fire S0arcbants in bcaltb.tobicb toas but a tocake compatip foj fucb 
 aftjip tofeckeafojren barbour, 
 
 ■Cbe 1 6 oap, about fire of tbe clocke at nigbt, toe met tottb atrreat ttoime at tbe GEleff-foutb* «jwmhw 
 toett, 9 mett, anD our men being toeake, ano not able to banoie our failes.toc loft tlje fame nigljt %£$££?'* 
 our maine faiIe,fb?efaile,ano fpjeetfaile, 9 toere foicco to he a btillmg.bnttll tlje eigbteentb oap, 
 ano tben toe maoe reaop anoloe courfe of a fojefatle, ano put it to tbe patD, an&tljerctoitb finoing 
 
 Eee ?- our 
 
M? 
 
 *)i The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, Fortifying in Uuinea. 
 
 out feluee far fljoc into the fleette , toe bare toith our otone coafl ; out t^»at fo jefatle conttnueo not 
 aboue ttoo houres , before it Idas blotoen from the paro toith a freat, ano tljcn toe tocrcfo?ceo ta 
 lie a Ijtill agnine, tmttllthe nineteenth oap of ©ctober in themo?ning, ano then toe put an otoe 
 bonnet to our f o ?eparo, tohicb, bp the goon MelTing ano pjouioence of (Son, bjougbt bs tn the He 
 of Wight, u>!jere toe arrtueo the 20 of October in tfae.afterr.oone. 
 
 The commodities and wares that are moft defired in Guinie, 
 
 betwixt Surra Liana and the furtheft place of the Mine. 
 
 ' anils ofb?alTe,anDfome ofleaoe. 
 LlSafons of oiuers fo?ts,but the moff latctn. 
 ]9ots of courfe ttime, of aquart ano mo?e. 
 g>ometoetjgc3ofp?on, 
 SSargarites, ano certaine other Height beabs. 
 &omeblftoCo?alI, 
 g>omebo?fe tailed 
 Linnenclotbpjincipallp, 
 batons of fflanbcrs. 
 
 g>ome reo cloth of Iotop?ice,anii fome futile, 
 fettles of Dutch-land toith b?afcn hanoles. 
 
 s^ome great b?affe batons gratteo,fuch as in Flanders thep fee bpon their clipbooks. 
 Some great bafons of petoter.auo etoers graucn, 
 g>omelauers,fucbasbefc?toaccr. 
 <S?eat kntttcs of a loto p jice, 
 
 height Flanders-cafkcte. 3> 
 
 Cbefis of Roan of a iotoe p?icc, 0? anp other cheffs. 
 <8?eatpinncs. ( 
 
 Cotirfe jfrencb coucrings. 
 ^packing (beets goon flo?e. 
 g>too?03, oaggers.frife mantels, ano gotones, cIckcB.fjats, rcb caps,@>pani(h blatt- 
 
 kets, areheaos, hammer (rjo?t pieces of p?on, Height belles, glouesofalotoe 
 
 piice, leather bags, ano tohat other trifles pott toill. 
 
 Certaine Articles deliueredto M. IohnLok, by Sir William Gerard 
 
 Knight, M. William Winter, M.Beriwnin Gonfon, iA.AnthonyHickman, and 
 
 M. Edward Cafielin the 8 of September 1 56 1, touching a voyage 10 <jw»e<«. 
 
 A remembrance for you M.Lokzt your comming to the coaft oiGuinie. 
 
 * 3!rff,tohen <6oo (hal fenn pott thither ,top?orure, as poupaffe alongtt the coaff.to 
 [ unDtrSanti tohat titters, hauens, o) harbojougbs there be ; ano to make to pout 
 ■ felfe aplat thereof, fctting thofe places tohich pou fljall thinke material! inpour 
 fapo plat, toith their true equations. 
 
 aifo pou (hall leame tohat commobitiesboc belong to the places toherepou 
 ' (hall touch, ano tohat map be goob fo? them. 
 «De €ngti$ 3Jt is thought gooD, that fasuinga fojttbpon tlje coattof Minainthe king of Habaans comitrp, 
 mawijflnwin. tttoouloferuetogreatpurpofe:toherfo?epouarcefpeciaHpfenttoconCoertohtrethefojtmtgl)t 
 i^GWM^m* be bettplacecano upon tohat gtouno i toherein are to be noteo thefe things follotoing, 
 hMnsromftKP. * 'QbttttyqfouMiiotetae, thacitiopnetothefeaonthecnepart, foastbippesanb boats* 
 map come to laue ano bnlaoe. 
 
 2 safaat moloe of earth thegrounb is of. 
 
 3 <mbat timber ojtoooo map bebao, ano hoto it toill be cart'en. 
 
 4 SRhatpjobiGon ofbtctuals map be hab tn the countrep : ano tohat kinoeofourbictuals 
 toil! belt fcrue to continue. 
 
 5 ^he place mutt be naturallp ftrong , o? fitch as map be maoe ffrong toith a fmall charge, 
 ano aftertoaros kept toithafcto men, 
 
 6 ^ototoatermapbep?ouioeD, tftbere beuonetobehao inthegron«btoherethefo?t(fjaU 
 finno,o?ncerctoit, 
 
 7 Mihat helpe is to be hao from the people of the countrep , either fo? the buttofog of it , o % 
 fo?thebcfencct()ereof. 
 
Jid.fobnLo^. Traffiques,andDifcoueries* 53 m 
 
 • •- — ■ * 
 
 ^omPouetljekingofHabanafamotf.fojtljcmakiiiigofafojt.anDtotiDteljoluljetoiUliIse «i'fh«»sof 
 it ; but bfepour communication fo> that although, tljere might fall out gooo caufe fo? the Doing 06 J an ' 
 it,ut \)C 00 not bn&cr ttano pout meaning. 
 
 j&earcb tlje eountrep fo farre as pou map, both aiongff ilje coaff, ano into tljc fatu>* 
 
 %o learnc toll at became of the marchants that lucre left at Benin . 
 
 Cbemattera tohtcijujallbe of importance tobenotco tucnotljincj fioubt tljat vou luill onuf 3 
 luljerrfojctoe refcrre the o?oer of chefc affaires to pour goob bifcretion. 
 
 3lfo uic piap pou as occafion (ball feme that pou apo ano helpe our faccours , both toith pout 
 eouiif i II ano of ijcrva tft ; ano thus iSod feno pou fafelp to re tunic. 
 
 Williarh Gerrard, William Winter, Bcniamin Gonfon^ 
 Anthony Hickman,Edward Caitelin. 
 
 A letter ofM. John Lok to the worfhipfull company of Marchants 
 aduenturersfor(?»/»/V,written 15^1, (hewingreafonsfor his not proceeding 
 in a voyage then intended to the forcfayd countrcy. 
 
 '©?fljipfttUGrs ; finee the actiuall of M. Per anoButcoIl Monioy (as 31 bnber* 
 IflanD; fo?tbcbopage it is cdrtclubebtbattlje Minion ujailpjoccenon bet t>op* 
 f age, if toftbin 20 napes (he mapbe repaireb of tljofc butts flje hatlj rrceitteo bg 
 \ the lad ffo?me 1 0? in tlje moneth of 3anuarp alfo, if the totno toil fcrue tljcrfcje; 
 j S[ihercfo?e fo? that pour too?(bipg (ball not be ignc?ant of mp oetcrmineo pur* 
 >pofe in tlje fame, toitl) tlje rcafonstbat haue perftoabeu me thereunto ; 3i lja«e 
 thought goob to aouertifc pou thereof, trufttng that pout too?(bipstoilltoeigb them, as3!bp= 
 tightlp mioplainlp meane them, 9nb not fo ? anp feare 0? bifcouragement tljat 31 Ijauc of my felfe 
 Jjp tlje racing of tljc tto^mes cf tlje fca, fo? ttjac (3lthanketfjelLo?o) tljefebauenot becne the firffi 
 that 31 Ijaue abiben.ncither trutt 3D thep fijalbc tlje latt. jfiiU the Bate of tlje fhip,tn tohitb.thouglj 
 ,3 tljinke not but M.Pet canDomo?efo?bcrttrengtheningthcn31canconcciue, pctfo?allthati 
 it toil! ntitber menu Ijer ccnbicicns, no? pet JtiaReljcr fo (ranch thai anp cabin in rjee fljalbe (ranch) 
 fo?mentoltebiiein : the toljichfo?e,tobatatoeaKeniug it toillbeto the poo?emcn after theic 
 labour, that thep neither can baue a ujift ef apparell b?ie, no? pet a D?ie place to reft in, 33 rcferte 
 to pour Olfaction, jfo? though that at Harwich (he mas both bouno anb caulfeeo asntttcb as 
 might be.botb toitbin ano toithout ,pet fo? all tljat flje left not, afo?c this flato, mother tocathers, 
 being flreffeb.to open tljofc feames.aim become in tbeffate thetoasbefojc; 31 mcane,intoetting 
 bcrmen: nottotthftanbinghernctotoo?lte . anbmpittbgcmcnt, toith tljat little experience % 
 |jaue hao, leaoech me to thinke that the fljip toljofe toater too?ns anb footings be fpent anb rotten 
 cannot be but lealtefo? men, ji2ert,the bnfeafonable tiimofthepcretoljich is notop?efcnt, 9ntj 
 fcoto onclpbpmeanes of the bnfeafonable times in the returne from tlje bopagejjomc, man? 
 tbercbp haue Decapco , to tlje great miferp anb calamttp of tlje red , anb alfo to the great fianoec 
 ofthe»opage(u)ljich3lmuc!jrefpect) thel^(tanbotljerbopagtsljaue beclareb, Snotuljatitis 
 to maKc tlje bopage in bnfeafonable time , tljat hath tlje feconbbopagealfooeclareb, (LOljerc* 
 foje ireping ano fo?cfcf tng this (as 3J map tori ternie it) calamttp anb bneuitable banger of men, 
 anb that up men fljemufl:ueb?ougl)t home againe (ercept tljat (Sobtuillujcb) an crtrac?3i!iarp 
 miracle) 3 purpofe not no? bare 31 benture toitb a fafe confetence to tempt (Sob herein. 9 gaine, 
 fojfomutlj as (he is a!one,anti hath fo little helpe of boat o?pinne(fein Ijcrtraoc, 9 alfo fo? her tua- 
 tering, toljere along time of fo?ce mttft be fpent, mp going, to tlje accoinplifhment of pour crpec 
 tacioi^, mill be to fmall effect f 0? this time, Uecaufe 33 fljall toant botlj beffcll aim men to accom* 
 jjlifijit. anuabjoulonotglablp fo fpenomptime ano trauell, to mp great charges anb paine, 
 anoafter, fo? not falling out acco?oinglp, to lofe both pot ans boater, ast!)ep?cuerbeis. 3sfo? 
 the Primrof e , if (he be tljere, Ijer trabe toill be enseb 0? euer boe come there, fo that flje of fo?cc, 
 bp toant of p?oum"on, mutt returne : pea, tljoughtoe(bou5ocarrptoithb3afi!ppipfo?her,pctis 
 tlje meeting of her boubtfull, aim though toe met her, pet brill tlje men not tarrp, as no reafon i<j 
 tljep (TjoulD : h Jtobeit mp opinion of her is that ftje is put into Ireland. EhcFlowcrdeluceiuas 
 in Milford. ^husfo? that pour luo?(htps might bnocrttaiiD tlje toliole caufe lohp 31 coe notp?c * 
 
 cetb, J h.utctrou'.)!ebvou at this time birth this mp long Letter. 9no, as (Sob is mp3Iuoge, not 
 fa? icore of tlje ] Joitngals, biljich there toe fljall meet (ano pec alone toitbouc apoc) as here is a 
 fitiype totjicljtoas 111 Lisbon, tohofe men fap that tljere are in a rcabineiTc(onc!p to meet bS)fotire 
 great gjtpp .of the tobich one is accounteb 700 tunnec,^ other pitmclTestpetnot fo? feare of them, , 
 
 ao?rag.ns of tlje fcas(toljof« rage (Sob fe abouetortiie) butonelpfojt^ep?eoii(fes; tljefecjuell 
 
 Eee j toijercof 
 
Capo ver Ae, 
 Rio dc Sciioj, 
 
 <CllC Minion, 
 
 54, The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, William letter. 
 
 tobtrcof mttflbprcafon turnetoagreatmiferptotljemen; the tohicb 31 fo?mppatt Ctbougtj ic 
 might tttrnc mc to as much gaine as tlje to bole cominetlj to) pec tooulD 3! not lie fo t o?in cm eo, a$ 
 il;c Ogljc cbeceof tuoulD be a co^ttue to mp fjeart , anDthemoje, becaufefojefeeing the fame, 31 
 fhoulDbefoIetto, aspeeloing, to hauerunne into tbe Danger thereof, ano therefore 31 baueabfo* 
 lutelp Detcrnuneo ioitb nip felfe not to goe tljis bopage* ^otobett if in a feafonable time of tbe 
 pcere 31 bao but one (hip fufficient, though much lefle bp tlje balfe, 31 tooulD not refufe (a? trtall 
 oeingmaoe tljcreof (houlo appeare) ojif 3!^ao alitltep of mp Telfe to Uenttire fo nntc^ , itthouto 
 toellbefcene, 3no tljis 31 tpeaKe to giuepoutotoiDerfiami that 31 refufe hoc t^t's fo j fcaret 3!f 
 poupurpofetopjoceeoheerein, fenDfomeonetohompoupleafe; totohom3ItoiUnotonelpDeIt<= 
 ucr tbe articles tohicb 31 Ijaue receiueD,but alfo toill gitte fome particular notes toljiclj 3)ljaue no» 
 ten in tbe affaires toljiclj pou hauecommttccDbntomee, toitlj the betthelpeanDcounfelig cam 
 ©bus tlje liuingc&oDkecpepourtoojlhipsalU Briftoll tin'* « of December 15 6i« 
 
 , gouttoojlhigstocomMiDtohisuotoec 1 
 Iohntok. 
 
 The relation of one VFilliam gutter to M. jihtony Hickmanhls nia-i 
 fter touching a voyage fee out to Guinea in the yeere 1 5 6 2 , by Sir William 
 
 Gerard, Sir William Chesler, M. Thomas Lodge, tlie fayd Antony Hicknjan t and Edward 
 Caftelin ; which voyage is alfo written in verie by Robert Balder, 
 
 !® jfhipfull fir.mp Dtttp rememb?eb,this (halbe to Declare bnto pott the oifcourfc of this 
 our bopage, Once our Departure out of England from Dartmouth; at toljiclj time 31 
 gaue pott to DnDerttanD of our Departure, toijicb toas tlje 2 $ of f cbmarp 1 5 62, VLbtn 
 hauingappfperous toinoc toe Departeo from tljcnce, anofailco on out toopagGUnctll 
 toe arrt'uebat Cauo verdetije 20 of S0arclj, making no abobe tljere,butfailtD along tlic"ccaG to. 
 our ftrfl appointeo pojt Rio de feftos, at toijicb po?t toe arriueD the tbirD of 3p jill in the morning, 
 hauing tbc fight of a .frenchman, tobo affoone as be perceiueD us,fet faile ano mace to the fca : ir* 
 the mesne time toe came to an anker in tlje robe : attD after that he haD cfpieD our flag.perceiuing 
 lis to be $£ngiiujmen,he bare toitb tbeujoje,? IjailcD cur (hips toitlj his finance, at toljiclj time 
 toe the merchants of both, tlje (htps toere in tlje riucr in trafftke.ano haD Dncerflaitbing of ilje jj5c* 
 gros that be Ijao bene there thjee Dapes befoje cur comming: fo toe concluDeDtogetljer,that if be 
 fent ijis pinneffe to trafftke,toe tooulD not fuffer him,bntill toe bao taken further ojoer toitb tljcic 
 captainejmarcbants. 31ntIjcaftcriioone tlje pinnefie came into t&etiuer,tobofe men toe totUea 
 to make no traffikcbntill toe IjaDtalkcD further toitb their captaine, tohointoe toilleD that night 
 to come aboojD our abmirall ; toljicljtoas Done, 9t tohicb fapo time M. Burton ano lohn Mune 
 toent aboajD tbc Minion toljere tlje frenchmen toere, $ there concluoeD that thep fljoulD tarp bp 
 us eight Dapes, anD fuffcrbs cmietlp to traffike, tohcretoith tljep toere not toellpleafeD. jmbere« 
 Upon the nert morning tbcp oeparteo from bs, failing alongtt tfoe coafl to tlje CafltoarD totoatbst 
 Potis, toljiclj be did to binoet our trafuke tljat toap : toherefoje tlje marcljants of tlje Minion gt toe 
 concluocD (fo?afmttclj as at tljat p?efent tocbnocrllcgD tljat there toere no fatlc0paffalongfi)thac 
 toe fljoulD go bcfo?e,to tlje eno toe mtgljt not be IjittDjeD of our traffifee bp tlje frenchmen ; toljicft 
 thing toe Die : anD at our comming tbitber me founo tlje frenchman tn traffifee to the <KBctt o£ 
 Potis,hptobomtoepaffcD,g:atriueDatRiodcPotistljei2of9p?il,toljeretocrtmaineDtHtraf* 
 fikc bntill tlje 1 5 of tlje fapDmonetb , anD then oeparteo from tljence along the toafi totoaro Sane 
 Andre, tobere toe appointeD bp agreement to tarp foj tlje Minion: anD tlje 1 7 at nigljt toe came tc* 
 tlje riucr of S. Andre; in toljiclj berp Dap tlje Minion came unto bs,tellingbs that trjcp met at cauo 
 cauo daspaimjs. das Palmas a great (hip anD a caruell of tlje Ring of Portugalsfaouno to the Mina,toljo gaue chafe 
 unto tljcm, anD (hot freelp at tljem.ano tbe Minion in Ijer Defence rcturneo Ijer the like : but (Sow 
 be p^aifcDtljc Mimon IjaD no ljurt fo? tljat time, 3IntbecnD toe concluDeD to hattentotoarbs ca- 
 uo detrespuntas toljatte put tljcm from tljecaSlc, ifbpanpmcanestoee might; anDtoljentoee 
 toere come to tlje Cape , toe lap a ljull one nigljt anD ttoo Dapes , ano Doubting tljep hao bene pad, 
 tbc Minion mem nccre tlje fljo^e , aito fent Ijer merchants to a place calleD Anta, toljere hefoje* 
 tmie toe haD traffkc,anD tlje nertmojningDerp earlp being tlje 2 1 of tlje fapD monctlj, toe againe 
 bab figljt of tbc (hip anD tlje carauell a gooD toap to fea-boo?D of bs, 'SCljen toe p?efentlp fet faile, 
 ano bare toitb thefo jmoS of tljcm, hoping to Ijaue got bettoeene the cattle anD tljem,but toe came 
 Ojojtofourpurpofe, tohicb toas no fmallgriefebntorjs all; anDtohcn tljep IjaD gotten tbe caflle 
 to fn'enb,tbep fljot at bs freelp, ano toe at tbem, ano tljccafile at bs j hut toe pjoSteo Jitle, 35n the 
 aftcrnoone toe fet faile j came to tlje toton of Don Iuan calico Equi,to!jere the 2 2 in tlje morning 
 toe toent a Q;oje to traffike, but tlje 33egros tooulo not bntill tljey {iao netoe? from Don IMsfri 
 
 Rio de Potis, 
 Rio deS, Andre 
 
 Cauo de ties 
 funtas. 
 
 Ama, 
 
 E(jui. 
 
Wdlwn "Kutter. . Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 55 
 
 at tljattimeDon Iuan toas ocao, ano cue 2 5 came Don Luis b;s famie ano Pacheco minDing (0 
 
 ttaffifeetDttljVis.atiuUftI) rato Dap came two galies rotoing along; tlje Qjoje from t(je raffle, mm* 
 
 Ding to keepe tic from our traffifce. 'Cbc 24 toe fct faile ar.D cfjafeo tbcgalies to tbc cattle agafete, <Cto0 3'' Iita ' 
 
 ©be }3egros beingglaD of tljat requirco bsto goc to Mowre, toljiclj isfome 3 leagues bcljtno, mowic. 
 
 ano tljitljct tooulo tbcp come fo? tljat tljcp Rood in feare of tlje Portugal*, anD there toe remained 
 
 foj tlje mareljants tljat came out of tlje countrep toljiclj toere come toitlj tijetrgolDjlnit Amhonio 
 
 don Luis ljis fottne,anD Pacheco toerc abou?D tlje Shimon, ano tlje 2 5 in the morning came tlje 
 
 ttoo galies from tlje caflle agat'neimto bs,tljetocatljcr being bcrp calme.tljep fijotattog ano bit us 
 
 3 timcs,anb fljojflp after the toino came from tlje ujo?e,at toljiclj itiflant toe oifcrieD tljefl)ip,$ tlje 
 
 carauell camming totoarcs bs ,tljcn toe tocigljeo ano fet faile, ano bare as neerc bnto them as toe 
 
 coulo : but it toas nigljt o } etier toce met toitlj tljem, ano tlje nigljt being bcrp oarue toe loft tljem, 
 
 *&bz ncrt Dap piping to tlje ffjoje,at nigljt toe agreeo to go toitlj Cormantin,bttt tlje nert morning cdimantia. 
 
 ibcingtlje 28 toe toere but a litleoifiant from tije great fijip ano tlje 2 galieSjljauing no toino at all, 
 
 ano tlje carauellbarD aboojo the fljojr. ^Lljeit being calme,came tbe 2 galies rotoing to tlje fierne 
 
 of tlje C^iiiioi^antJ fought toitlj Ijer tlje mod part of tlje fojenoone : ano in tlje figljt a mifcljance 
 
 fcayneo i\\ tlje pinions ftctoaro^roomc bp mean? of a barrell of pottocr tljat tookc fire,toljeretett:j £^7 M j. 
 
 toere ljurt the matter gunner,tljcttetoaro,ano moll part of tlje gunners; toljiclj tljcgalicspcrcci* njonum&fi* 
 
 tii'ng,began to be mo?e fierce bpon tljem^no toitb one ujot cut Ijalfe Ijer fojcmafl in ttoaine, tljat SoilSn. ° 
 
 toitljoutpjefenttcmeDicujee toas not able to bcare faile, anDpjefentlpbpontljiS tlje great Cjip 
 
 fent Ijer boat to tlje galics,toljo fuDDenlp DeparteD from us.&no after tljeir Departure toe tocnt a* 
 
 Ijoojd tlje Spinion to counfell toljat toerc beft to be Done, afr toljiclj time tljep toere fo?e DiftomS* 
 
 tcD,aBljercupontoeDcuifcD toljat toas beft to be Done: ano becaufc toce kneto tljat ujejftcgros 
 
 neither tooulD no? Dnrfl traffiue fo long as tlje galies toere on tlje coafl ; it toas tljcrefoje agreeo 
 
 that toe (IjoulD prepare our felties to Depart to Rio de Seftos,anDfotoe DeparteD tljat Dap, 'Ebe 14 ^m tiaxmu 
 
 of S£)sp in the mo jntng toe fell toitlj tlje lano, ano toben toee came to it,toe DoubtcD toljat place it 
 
 toas.anD fent our boatcs on lano toknoto tlje tructlj.anstoe fowtD it to be Rio deBarbos,to|jtclj W, *W | * 
 
 iStotljefiBafltoarDoffant Andre, anDtijerercmaineD in getting of toaterbnttlltlje 21, toljere 
 
 luelofl the Dap before s ofourmenbpmeanesofouertljjotoingourbiackepimtaffc, ®lje22toe 
 
 DeparteD from thence to Rio de Sefio, toljere toe arriuto tlje 2 of June, ano tlje 4 toce DeparteD Sj*g|** 
 
 from Rio de Sefto, anoarrutco(<SoDbeetljanReB) tljeo'ofStJgufl toitljtn figljt of tlje s&tert in Riodeseho. 
 
 tljeffilleCpartofEngland.otirmenbetngbcrpficReanDtoeaRcOKchauenotattbispjefcnta^ 
 
 bouc 20 founo men tljat are able to Iabottr.ano toe Ijaue of our men 2 1 DcaD 3 nnD manp mo je oerp 
 
 fo?e ljurt ano ficKe.Sl^afler Burton bath bene ficke tbis 6 toeckcs,ano at tljis p^efeut((SoD flrcng= 
 
 tljen bim) is fb toeane tljat 31 feare Ije toill Ijarolp efcape, Epcretn inclofeo pour toojfijip Gjall re= 
 
 ceiue a bjtcfc of all tljegooosfolD bpbs,$ alfo tobat commooities toe Ijaue recciueo fo? tlje fame, 
 
 •Sbus Jileaue to trouble pour too?ujip, refcruingalltljtngstlstocuc gcnerallmeecingj auoto 
 
 tlje bfinger tymoU tfromaboojathe ^nmecofe tlje 6 of Sugutt 1 5 6 3* 
 
 Your obedient fcruant 
 
 Wtlliam%v.Uer . 
 
 ©Ijcrearebjougbtljometbt'Sbotage An. 1563. Clcpljants teeth ifi^.toeigljtng 1758 
 pour.DS t ©ratneS22butsfulU 
 
 A meeting at Sir William Gerards houfe the 1 1 ofluly 1 564. for 
 the fetting foorth of a voyage to Guinea, with the Minion of the Queens, 
 
 the lohn'Saptifl of London ,and iacMcrline ofJVl. Goufon. 
 
 ' Ct'iismcettug toerc tljefe cljtefeaDttcnturcrs,^>tr William Gerard,fir William 
 
 ^g'l^fe^ Chelter,firThomasLodge,AnthonieHickman,anDEdwardCafielin, tdlljcre 
 fM&*^Bt it toas agrceD tljat Francis Afhbie UjOUlD be fent to Deptford to gp.Gonfon fo? 
 rT ^vVf W letters to Peter Pet to goe about tbertggingof tlje pinion bpQncfje£luccucs 
 
 _-maiefticscbarges,anDfo tlje fatD Francis to repaire toitlj tlje fame letters to Gil 
 lingbam toitbmonepto fupplte our cljargc there, 
 
 Slfo that etierponeof tlje fiue partners ujaHfoojtbtotih callbpon tljeir partners to fupplp to» 
 toarDs tljts ncto rigging anD toictualling, 29 It. 1 o s. 6 o. fo? ctterp 1 00 li. balur. 
 
 9lfo tljat euerp one of tlje fiue partners ujallfoojtljtott&bjtiig in 5011, totoaros tlje furniture 
 oftbep?emilfes, 1 
 
 JLiRetoifettis agreeo tljat if Sp.Gonfon giueljtsconfent tljat tlje Cperlme fljall be bjougfjt a= 
 Lout from Briftoll to Hampton, tljat a letter be o?atoen toljereunto big (jano (ball be, before oy- 
 m be gittenfo? tlje fame. 
 
 The 
 
t 
 
 ^Jic pinion 
 ■ott])t gMimt. 
 
 56 TheEnglidi Voyages,Nauigations, The y.voi.toCfumea. 
 
 The fuccefle of this Voiage in pare appeareth by cercaine briefe 
 relations extrafted out ofthefecond voyage of Sir lohnHawkitis to the 
 Weft Indies, made in the fayd yeere I 5 64. which I thought good to let downe for 
 want of further infiruclions, which hichcrto I could not by any meanes come by, aU 
 beitl haue vfed all poffible indeuour for the obtaining of the fame: Take them there- 
 fore inthemeane feafon as foloweth,] 
 
 Slier Iohn Hawkins,toitlj the Iefus of Lubeck a Ihtp of 700, fttmtCS, ana 
 tjjeSalomon, atbtpof7fco?e, tbeTigerabarfeeof jo, anDtbeSwalowof 
 3 o tmmes, being all toell furmujeB toith men to the number of one buno jeo 
 tt)?cefco?E nno ten, a« a!fo' toitrj ojomartcc ann bictuall requifitefojfacb a 
 Dotage, DcparteDotttOiPlirnmouththe 1 8 ocy of JDctobcr intheycereof 
 ourCojo 1 5 <5 4, toit^ a p jofptrcus totnoe : attorjich Drparting.in catting; 
 the fo jefaile, a marueilous mtffojtune Ijappcnco to one of the officers mtbe 
 fbip.toho by the pullic oftlje (beat teas flame out of bans being a fo?otofull beginning to them alf» 
 3ud after thcttfetting cut 10 leagues to the s§>ea, hecmetthcfameDaytoitljfhespiniona (hip 
 Df tlje Sdueeiw Spaicffies, toljcreof tuas captaine Dauid Carlet, 1 $ alfo her confojt the Iohn Bap- 
 rift of London being tantnu to Guinea Iiketoife.toho bailee one the other after the cuffeme of the 
 fca^ith ccrtaine ptcces of o?Dinance fo? top of their meeting : tohicfj Done,tbe S0tmon cepanco 
 from him to feeke her other confine the Merline of London, tuhicljtoagafferneout of fig&c, lea* 
 tting in Jp.Ha wkins companie tlje Iobn Baptift her other corifojt. 
 
 3Dhus failmgfojiwarDS on their toay lxiitJj apjefperotts Initio until the 21 of tbefame monttf;, 
 at that time a great ttomie arofe s tte toino being at 3f2oubeaff about 9 of the clccke at night, ano 
 tomimtcDfo 23 homes togcther.intobichComietp.Haw'kins loffthe companpof the IohnBap- 
 tift afo?cfaiu,ano of hts pimtaffe calico tlje S wallow, the other 3 fhips being fo?e beaten tottb the 
 Co^me. dje 23 DaychcSwa!ow,tabtsnofmaUrcioicing, came to him againe in tlje night 10 
 leagues to the Jj2otl;rjjaro of CapeFimfter, Ijauing put roomer ann not being able to ocuble the 
 ■Cape,in that there rofe a contrary tuinD at <§>outhttcn\ %\)Z 2 5 tlje UiinD continuing contrarpie 
 put into aplacc ftrGalicia calico Ferol, mbcre be rcmainco 5 Dates anu appointee all tlje matters 
 of his Chips ano?cer foj the Keeping of gooo company. 
 
 'Stlje 260^ tlje pinion came in alfo toberc be teas, foj the retoyefog niheteof he gauc tljcrri 
 
 tcttaine pieces of omittance after tlje curtefie of the g>ea to} tljeir iuelcome,but tlje Spinionsmm 
 
 ei fhtna ofm* ^ na n " rth becattfe of tljeir contort the Mcrline, toho at their Departure from Sp.Ha wkins bponr 
 
 fpcrimeb'oimd checoaftof England .tljcplucne to feck^finB rjauing met tottlj fjer,ftcpt company ttoooayes toge* 
 
 m (pumt a, ^ crjan j| at j a g (jp jrtiffc ?tune of fire (thjottgh the negligence of one oftlje gunnerjB)tbepouoer in 
 
 the gunners roome teas fct on fire,mhtclj toith the fitit blafl Grofte out her poope, ans tljerettiths 
 
 alllofl3 men, helloes many fojeburneo (totjiclj efcapen bp tljeBrigandine treino; at Ijer fierne) 
 
 ano immcDiatly to the great Ioffe of the otonerjs.anB rnoii Ijo jriblc fight of the bebolcers.ujc fttnfee 
 
 befo^tbfir cics.'Stbe 3° Day of themonetb Sp.Hawkins mitlj bisccnfo?ts ano companp of tlje 
 
 opinion hauiitg nolo both the IBjiganoincs at her Ceme,toeigbeD ankcr,ano fet faileon t|eir Uoi» 
 
 age batting a pjofperous toino tljereunto.'Che 4 of jaoucmbcr tljey Ijao light oftlje SlanD of Ma- 
 
 dera,anothe6oayofTeneriffa,toljicbtljeytljougbttoljattebcnetheCanarie, in that tljey fuppo* 
 
 Tcd tljemfelucs tobatte bene to the <£afttoarD of Teneriffabut toere not : but tlje Spinionbcyncc. 
 
 3 of 4 leagues a heao of bs sept on Ijer eottrfe to Teneriffa,hauing better figbt tljttebf then tlje o« 
 
 tljer ljao,ano bptljat means trjey parteo company. 
 
 ©je afo?efaiD §)ir Iohn Hawkins paffing on Ijt'S boiage hy Cauo Verde, anD Sierra Leona, 
 anb aftertoarbcr offing oucr the mainc ©cean comming to the tolonc of Burboroata bpon the 
 coaft of Terra firma in tlje ^Ocft 31r>Dies,baD further information oftlje euillfuccetfe of tljis Gui- 
 ncan boyagc,as in the fame hereafter is verbatim mentioned 
 
 ■SLljc 39 of 9p?il,Voe being at anfcer toitljout tljeroao ; a jfrenrfj fijip calTec tlje green Dragon 
 cf Newhauenjtohereof toas captaine one Bon Temps came in.toljo falutcD bs after tbe mancr of 
 tlje fea,tuitlj cectatne pieces cf o?tinancc,anD toe rcfaltttcD Ijim toith tlje like againe : UJttb tobcm 
 ftauing communication^jeDccIareO tljatljee IjaD bene at tlje Mina in Guinea, ann loas beaten off 
 by tlje Portugals gaIItes,anD enfo?cco to come tljitljer to make falc of fticlj toarcs as \>e IjaD : ann 
 furt!jcrtljattl)eltkeVuasbsptieDbncotbeSpinion:alfo,tbatcaptaineDauidCarlet,famarcljEnf, 
 toitlj aoo^en mariners tuere betraieo by tlje ?75egros at tbeir firSarriuaHtbithcr,rcmaimng pjifo« 
 ner3 lattlj tlje Portugals,bcfiaes other mifaDucntures of tlje Ioffe of their menhapneDthjcugbtlje 
 great lacke of freaj rjjater,toit[) great Doubts of bjintjtngljome t&e flj!'ps;toj)ic{) toas niottfcfoto* 
 fuUfojbstobriDeriJawD* 
 
 Tht 
 
M.George Fenner. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 57 
 
 The voyage of M. George Fenner to Guinie, and the Iflands of Cape 
 Verde, in theyeere 156 6. with, three fhips 3 to wit,the Admirall called The 
 Caflle of Comfort s ihs May Flower ,'and the George, and a Pinnafle alfo : 
 
 Written by Walter Wren. 
 
 tllpeioDapofDeccmber.intbepeereabouefapDjtoeDeparteofrcmPlimmouth* 
 ano tbe 1 2 Dap toe lucre tljtoart of Slujant. 
 
 £lje 1 5 Dap in tlje mowmgbeing gmnoap, toec baD Oghtof Cape Finifter, 
 ana tbe fame nigbt toelofttbecompanpofcmt &Dmirall, toljetefo?etoe fapteD 
 , along tljecoatt of Portugall,l;oping tbat our 9Dmirall baD bene befojebs. 
 ©be 1 8 Dap toe met toitlj a jf rencb ftjt'p of toljom tocc maoc inquiriefo } our 
 ?.Dmirall,but be coulD not tell os nctoes ot'btm : fo toe follotoeo our cottrfc to tlje a'anos of tlje 
 ■Canaries. 
 
 ©be 2 5 nap in tlje morning toe fell tottb a fmall 3DIanD callcD Porto Santo, 9 toitljin 3 Ijcures 
 tocb^cifisljrJifanotuerilanDcallcDMadera.tobicb is 6Ieapcs from Porto Santo, 
 
 Cbe faitft 5 Dap being tlje Dap of tbe jfratiutttctoe Ijoifeoout our boat,ano ft t mailer Edward 
 Fenner captauic of tbe spap jf lotoer aboojD bs.bcing in tbe George,toitlj tlje matter toljofe name 
 toas P^obetc Conife ano otljers of tlje fapa ujippe,ano fcafleD tbem toitlj fuel; cljeere as ©do ljao 
 fentbs. 
 
 ©b'- * 8 oap toe fel toitb an llano calleb Tenerif,toljicb is 27 leagues from tlje faio 3iIan9,anD 
 on tlje € ad fire tbrrcof toe came to an anker in 40 faDome toater, toitljin a bafe Gjot of tlje fljoje, 
 in alttle jSate toljerein torrc 3 oj 4 fmallljoufes : toljtclj li5ate anti boufes tocre Diftant from a Ii= 
 tie totone calico Santa Cruz 3 a league 0? tljereabottt.anD as toe rooe in tlje faiD Saiejtoe migljt fee 
 anSlano calico ©Ije gran&Canarietobicljtoas 6 a} 7 leagues from bs. 
 
 ©lje 29 Dap tbe £g)ap Jflotoer foj tbat uje coulD not fet into p roaD toljere toe toere at an anker, 
 bp reafon tljetotno toas off tlje fljoje, fbecaufettje baremoje roomer fro tlje lano tbentoe did, in 
 tlje morning came bearing in toitb tbe totone of Santa Cruz, tljinking to come to an anker in tlje 
 toaD againtt tlje totone,ano before (be came toitljin tbe react) of anp of tbetr ojDinance, tbcp fljot at 
 Ijer foure ptcces,tol)iclj cattfcD !j?r to comcroome toitb bs,ano came atlattto an anker bpbs, 3im 
 aboctt one of tlje clockein tbe afccrnoone.tbefojenameDcaptaineoftljeS^ap jflotoer tojotealet* 
 tec a fi)ojc,Dirccttng it to tlje IjcaD officer of tlje totone of Sa'nta Cruz, to tlje intent to onDe rttano 
 tbe p?etenfe cftlje {booting offtbe faio ojDinancc. 
 
 '©Ijeletteibeingtoutcen, Robert Courtife matter oftlje20ap jflotoer, ano Walter Wren 
 toeieappointeDtoDeliuertbefamealanDat3 0?4boufcBtobeccontietcD to tiiefojcfapD totone, 
 ano fo toent toitlj fir men in tlje boate, anD rotoeD to tbe fboje as ncere as tljep migbt, foj fetting 
 tbe boat on grouno ,f j tlje fea toent cruellp at tljefljoje, 
 
 ©be people ttooo in number 3 o petfons toitb fuclj armour as tljep Ijarj: tlje fojefnpo Wren cal* 
 leo to trjeirvtn ^paniuj.Dcclaring to tlje tljat tbep IjaD a letter tobicb tbrp toouto bcrp glaolp Ijaue 
 conueifD bnto tljetotoue, fljetoing tbat tljep tooulo traffique tottb tbem as marcljants, DcSring 
 tbcirljelpefo? tbe conucianceoftbe fame letter . <[Qitbtbatoneoftbeg>paniarDs totileouato 
 come on lanD.anD toe fljoulobe toelcome.but Doubting tbe too jtt, tije faio Walter anftoereo tljem 
 tljnt tljcptooulD not come on lano,bntil tijtp bao anftocre of tljcir letter toljiclj tljep IjaD bjtougljt. 
 
 astljcrcupon oneof cbe§>paniarosbnraieo bimfclfc.anDlept into tlje toater, anD foam to tlje 
 boat,toljom toe re ceiueD,9lnD Ije falutco bs,ano ocmaunDeD toljat our reqtteft toas:toc maoe Ijim 
 anftoere,tljat bp miffo?tune toe lofl tlje companie of cut 9DmiralI, anD being bouno to tbts Jlans 
 to traffique fo?toines anD otbertljingsneccffarpfo?.bs,DobereminDtottapbnt:ll be come, 
 
 Concerning our letter be maoe bs anftoere,tbat ije tooulD toitlj all Diligence carp tt, anD Deli* 
 tier it accojeing to tbeDirection.ano fo tlje faiD Walter knit tbe letter in a blaoocr, ano Dcltuercts 
 it onto bim.ano alfo gaue btm foure totals of §>pani(li monep fo j bis paints : anD p jemifmg tbat 
 toenjoulDbaneanftoereofit.ljetookebtsIeaueanDftoammeagaineonOjoje, tobtre tlje people 
 QooDteaDp to receiuebim.9nD after tbat tljcplja&talkcD toitb liim,anDbnDerSooa our meaning, 
 fome of tbem tbjeto bp tbeit Ijats,* tlje otberpttttljem offfjoloing tljemtn tljeir bancs, anD maDe 
 usberp cutteousQgncs,altoaiesDcfinng tljattlje boattooulD cornea lanD,but toe refaluting tljem 
 rotoeo backc againe aboo?D» 
 
 ®ljc 3 o Dap tlje @ouernotirs|?9tber of Santa Cruz came aboo p tlje Spap jflotoer toitlj fire 
 0} fetten gjpaniatos mttbbim/cobo concIuDco toitb tbe Captatnctbat bie migljt come a Qjoje ano 
 traffique toitb tljem,but tbat Dap toe did not,foj toe IjaD no fufficicnt pleoge of tbeirsfo ? our affu- 
 rancr.©ttr Captaine entcrtatueD tljem toeil,anb at tljeir Departure gaue tbemfourc pieces of o?= 
 
 Dinanee 
 
5 8 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, /Vi.Cjeorge Fenner. 
 
 pittance f oj afacetoell.ano befiotoco 'opon thc»n ttoo cbrcfes totth other things, 
 
 Cfie fapD (Souernours too tijer pjdmifeo out- Captaine that Oec too ulo hauc fafficient pletigcs 
 tlje mo jvouj folotoing, toiiicb mag hoc oone,tobereupon toee grcto fufpictoag,ano toent not tljac 
 oapafboje, 
 
 Clje ficQcap of 3lanttarpo«t taptaine fent Nicholas Day ano Iohn Sumptcr a ll)Oje,b3^o toere 
 toeip tocll entertatneo toitb ns manp of ouc companp as tocnt after tbem. 
 
 31 n tbe fato Jj lano is a matttcilous high bill calico tfec pike, toluclj is a far offmoje like a clouo 
 m tbe aire.tben anp other thing : the bill is rouno aim fometobat fmall at the top, it bath not bene 
 knotom that euer anp man cnulogoebp to the top thereof , 9hp aitijouglittCanD iu iS Degrees 
 tohich is as bote in 3lanuarp,as it ts in England at Sji)tDfommer,per is the top of the faip tjil Wtin* 
 ter ana <§>omtner feloome toithout fnoto, 
 3In this 3lant about ttoo leagues from the fain Santa Cruz is a citie calico Anagona. 
 CbethirD Dap toeeoepartco about the 22Jctternc point of the llano, about uoji 4 leagues 
 from Santa Cruz,intc a T5at'e toljiclj is right agapnft the boufe of one Petro deSoufes, in tobicb. 
 ^aie toe came to an anker tbe 5 Dap,toherc toe hcaro that our 3DmiraH bad bene thereat an an* 
 ker 7 oapes befo je bs.ano toas gone tljencc to an 31lano caileo Gomera,tobereupon |iee fet taile 
 pjefentlptofeckebim, 
 «tte? mtn Che 6 Dap toe came to an anker againff the totone of Gomcra,tohere toe founo ouraomirall, 
 ag"m* Din ' tfl " to &icb toaa ticr ? ^pfiffl of our comming,ano toe alio of his fight. 
 
 31n the fapo roao toe founo Edwai d Cooke in a tall fijip, ano a fljtppe of tbe Copperfmuhst of 
 London, tobKbtbePortugalshaDtrecherouuprurpjifeDituhe 25aieof SantaCruz, bpon ttje 
 coafl of Barbarie.tobich Ibiptoe left there all fpoilea. 
 
 f)ur (general $ marcljants botigbtin the fato totone foj ourpjoutGon,i4buts oftoine, tofjicfc 
 cott 1 5 Duckats a but.tobich tocre urTreD bs at Santa Cruz in Tenet if fojt 8,o,ano 1 o ouckats. 
 
 Che? oap toeDjparteD from tljtsroao to another 33aic,about 3 leagues ooymotberrtooke in 
 fretb toater : $ fo tlje 1 o oap toe fet faile totoaros Cape Blanke, tobicb is on the coaflof Guinea. 
 Che 1 2 oap toe fell into a 15aie to tbe CafitoarD of Cape Pargos, tobicb is 3 5 leagues from 
 Cape Blanke. 'But (jauing no kno tolcDgc of that eoaff.toe tocnt tottbCape Blanke, ano at the fall 
 of tljelano toe founoco ano IjaD 16 faoomc toater ttoo leagues frcm the Jioje. Cbelano is berg 
 « saobcBucat. lotoe ano tobit e f ano, tlpon the fall of the fapo to aft betoare Ijott pott boioto in x 2 j 1 o faOome, 
 fo } toitbin 2 ? 3 calls of the lean pou map be on ground. 
 
 Che 1 7 oap toe fet faile from Cape Blank e,oirecting our courfe^outhonObpCafl'.^femitb 
 ainong,ano fo fell into a "Bate to the Cafltoaro of Cape Vevde.about 1 6 leagues.ano about Gtc 
 leagues from the fboje.Cbe fapo lano fccmcc onto bs as if it hao bene a great number of (hippes 
 bnoer faile, betngin oeeo nothing els but the lano tohich toas full of i&ammoks, fome high tome, 
 lotoe,toitb high treest on thcm.sne bare totth the fate lane till toe tocre toitbin 3 leagues of the 
 fhoie.ano then toe founoco,ano founo 28 faoome toater,blacke oafr. Cbis oap toe fato much fill) 
 in ftmojp fculs ftoimming toitb their nofes toitb the biim of the toater. 
 cipeverde. pairing along this coafftoemigbt fee ttoofmali rounDbils.feeming to bs about a league one 
 
 from the other, tohich is tbe Ca pe.anD bettoeene them are great fioje of trees,ano in all our Dapeu 
 failing toe fato no lano fo high as the fato ttoo hils, 
 
 Che 1 9 bap toe came to an anker at the Cape, in a roaoe fall bp the 22Jefierrcolt Boe of ttoo 
 
 ijilstn iofaBomeoftoater,toherepoumaprtoetnfiueoiGrefaoome,fo?thegrounDis faire, ano 
 
 altoapcs pou (hall baue the toinoe of the fijo^e. Sno as foone as toetoereallatan ankcr,our ©c- 
 
 ncrall came abooio bs,ano totth htm the matter of the Somirall, tobofe name toas William Bats, 
 
 ano toitb them the captaine of the Oiceaomirall, tobofe name toas mailer Edward Fenner, ano 
 
 Robert Cmtife the matter, ano oineo abooio of bs being in the George, toljercin toas Captaine 
 
 ctt« foetid Iohn Heiwood, ano Iohn Smith of Ep amp ton mafltr.ano there toe conclttoeo to goe alano,tobtf b 
 
 BiKperto^ 1 ' toasljalfeamilefrombs : ano bpthe counfcll of William Bats both Captaine ano merchants 
 
 mngtbecom. aiODtuergofthecompantetoenttoitheutarmour : fo? be fapo, that although tbe people were 
 
 unarms." 6 Wacke ano nakeo,pet tbep toere ciuill : fo that bee tooulo neeos giue the benter tottbout the con* 
 
 Cent of the reQ to go tottbout to capon, Cfaus tbep rotoeo to iljoie, tohere, toe being in tbe lljippe 
 
 might fee a great companie of jacgrosnakeo, toalking to ano fro bp the fea Goe tohere the Ian* 
 
 oing place toas,toaiting fo? the comming of our men , toljo came too foone,ano lanoeo to ttjeir loue 
 
 as it fell out af tertoaros. 
 
 Chcrc tocntalhojethe aDmiralsffciffe.anD the 9pap f lotoers boate,ano in them the number 
 of 20 perfons 0? tbereaboucs,as 3g).George Fenner the ©enerall, bis brother S^.Fd ward Fen- 
 ner.Thomas Valentine,Iohn WormeanO Francis Leigh martbatW0, IohnHaward, William 
 Bats,NicholasDay,IohnTomfonanO Others. 
 
 at 
 
Ad.Cfeorge Fenner, Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 59 
 
 - - ■■■■...- , 
 
 attbeircommmgcotbcu>?etberetoereioo jacgroaojuptoaro, uiittjtljcit botuce ano ar» 
 rotoegtottr Captaines ann mcrcbants calkcu toitb tljcm,gt aceojoing to tijebfeof tljc touuttp, tljc 
 oneoemanDeopleDgesoftbeotber, ? tbcp toerc content to oeliuer 3 of tljcirjQcgrosfo? 5 of our 
 
 men^UtjmensnamcptoetetbeCejIohnHawatdjWil.BatSjNich.Day.Ioh.Tcmfon, $Iohn 
 
 Curtife : tbefe toere ociiuereo tbem,ano toe receiuco 3 iftegros into our ^Dmirals Cktffe» 
 
 ©ur men being a (boje among tljcj3egros, began to talhe Uittlj tljcm, Declaring toljattoare «iurt,iitii(ftr, 
 ano marcljanoi?e toe bao,as tooolleu clotb,Iinnen clotyroitjCljccfe 5 otljer tljinsa. ^be Jftcgros ^ C ' D C *,£'3 
 anftterco againe,tljep ban ciuetmtufke, goto ano graines, toljiclj pleafeo our captames ano mafc= m«bc c.j.e 
 chants bcrp tocll.3£bcntbe j^cgros oefirco toljaueaftght of fome of our toares,to tlje toljiclj our Vci & 
 roarcljants lucre contcnt,ano fojtljtoitb Cent aboojo one of tljc boatsfo? part of trjeir marr&anoife, 
 ano in the meane time tobile tbe boate toent to tlje fbip, our fiue men'toere toalRing on t!;c ffcoje 
 toitlj tljc Ncgros.ano our ©cnerall ano marcljants ffaieo in tlje otljer boat bp the fca ftoe, batting 
 tljc 3 JScgtois tottljtljCltT, 
 
 2Dur boatetljen came agat'ne anD b?ougbt iron ano otber marcbanoi^c, toitb bjeao, )ni\v:, ana 
 tbecle tobicb tljep gaue bnto tbcm ♦ 1£ben ttoo of tbe ilSrgros (tobicb tocretljcplccgcs) maoe 
 tbcmfelucslMe.Bcririiigtogoeaujojc, pjumifingtofcnootfjerttoofojtljcm . CaptaineHai- 
 Avardpcrccitting tljat our men bao let tbe ji2egros come a fljoje, afkeo tobattbep meant, f.no 
 Doubting tljetoojft began to ojatoetotoarotlje boate, anottooojtlj^coftbejac£ > rosfoJoU;co 
 Ijtm. £lno toljcnljee came to tbe boate tljep began toffapbtm,anoljemaDe figncsbntotberr. t(ja£ 
 Ijee tooulo fctcbtbemmojteojinke ano bjeao : nottoitbffanBing, toljenljctoascwmir into tlje 
 boate, one of tljem caught bim bp tlje b?eccljes ano Vuoulti Ijaue Gaieo bint, but bee fpjang from 
 tfim ano leapt into tlje boate, anoasfooneasbeetoasin, oneoftljc pegrosafljojebcgaiuieto 
 blob) a pipe, ano pjefcntlp tljc otber 5ftcgro tljat baas in our boate fitting on tljc boates Roe, ano 
 mailer Wormes too jo bpljim,fuoocnlp 0?cD) tlje ftoojo out of tljefcabbcro, ano cad Ijimfdfc utesiuqm, 
 into tbe S»ea ano ftoamme a fljo?e, ano pjefentlp tlje ?i3egros lateo banoes en our men tbat torre ttul ^ ilc - 
 ontboje, anotooke tlj?ee of tljem toitlj great oiolence, ano to?e all tbeir apparcll from tljeic 
 iackes ano left tbemnotljing to cotter tbem, anomanpoftbemfbotfotljukeatourmcu in cue 
 ijoates^tbattljepcouIofcarfefetljanDtoanp2DaretorobJCfromtbefboje, pct(bptt;e Ijclpe of 
 (Sob) tbepgotfromtbemuiitljtbetrboatesi, altbougbmanpoftbem toere butt toitb tljeir pop< 
 roneoarrotoes: ano tlje poiCon is bncurable,iftbearrob) enter bjttljin tlje fkin ano Djatoe blooo, 
 anoercepttbepoifonbeep?cfcntlpfucRtout, 0? tbe place toljcrcanp man is butt bcefoojtijtoitlj. 
 tutatoap, beeoietbtoitljinfottreoapeiS, ano toidnn tb?cc bourcs after tljep bee [jure 0? p?ic=- 
 fceo, toljerefoeueritbc, altljougbbutattbclitletoe, petiettriketljbptotljebcart, ano taketfj 
 atoap tlje ftomackc, ano cattfetb tlje pattiemarueilouflp to bomite, being able to bjoose ncitljee 
 meatno?ojinke. 
 
 ^b^aegrosbauingbreoourmenbJitbfucIjtrueltpjtoborenamesbJcreNichoIasDay.wil- 
 liamBats, ano lohn Tomfon, jeo tljem atoap to a totone tobicb toastoitbin a mile of tljctoatet 
 Ooe,o?tbeteabout. 
 
 %ty 20 oap voe fent to lano a boate oj Ckiffc toljerein toere cigljt perfens, ano one of tljem to as f ( f™$ in * 
 tbe fo^efapoloha Tomfon ano our interpreter tobicljtoas a jfrenebman, (fojtberetoas one of c^IVva* 1 
 tbe 0egros tobicb fpake gooo tfrcnclj : ) ano rljcp carieo toitb tbcm ttoo barqucbuffes, ttoo tar- 
 gets ano a mantell* 
 
 "SLbc caufe of fencing tbcm toas to learnetobatranfomc tbcp DcmattnocD foj Bats ano Day 
 toljom tljep oetaineo . 3no toben tbep came to tlje fijoje ano tolo tbe jftcgros tobat tljep Befireo, 
 tljep toent ano fttcljeo tljem from among tlje trees,ano b?ougbt tljem loofc among fojtte 0} Bftie 
 of tbem,9no being come toitbin a Cones call of tbe fea fioe,Wiliiam Bats b jake from t Ijem, ana 
 ran as faff as be coulo into tlje fea totoaros tbe boat,ano be toasnet fo (bone in tijetoater but tjee 
 fellootone.eitber being out of bjeatlj 0? W foote failing Ijtm in tljefano bcingfoftifo that tljc fit- 
 gros came ano fell on bim ano toofee Ijim ano baleo bim, tljat toe tljougljt tbcp Ijao tome bint in pic- 
 ces:fo?tbeptojeagainealltbcapparellfrombisbacke, fotbat fome of tbcm caricoour men a- ffirB.ntgtr of 
 gaine to tlje totone, ano tlje reff fljot at bs toitb tljeir poifoneo arrotoes, ano b«rt one of our men J^"^ rtr * 
 calico Andro wes in tbe fmal of tlje leg.tobo being come aboo?o, (fo? altljat our burgeons coulo 
 Oo) toe tljougbt Ije tooulo baue oico. 
 
 CurOSeneraU (nottottbttanoingalltljisbillanie) fentagapne totbem," ano offeree tbcm a* 
 nptbingtbat tbepocfirco fojtberaunfomeof our men, but tljep tooulo notoclitier tljem t gi- 
 tiing bs tljis anfuiere : %\w tljcre toas in tbe fojefapo roaoe, tb?cc toeekes befoje toeccamc, an ^l^l™* 
 Cngliuj ibippetobtebbao taken tljjee of tbeirpcfple, anoontiiltoecDiobnng oj feno t!;rm 
 againe,togenjoulo not bane out men altljoujjljtoce tooulo giueourtb?ecil)ippcstojtl) tljeir fuc^ 
 nitare» 
 
 Cb? 
 
 1H 1 
 
■ i i ■ ■■■!■ ■ - — — - - ■ ■— ^— — — — — — -~— — — — ,-p, — n wrMaxm, __ j-^^^^^— -— ^-^^— - 
 
 do The Englidi Voyages P Nauigations, M.George Fenner. 
 
 ©he 21 oapa tfrcnchfirippeoftfeebumnofSottmnes (0? thereabouts,) came to tbe place 
 tofoere me toere,bemg botum to trafftque at tbe Cspc : toe tolo them of tfce Wtainirtcr, of out tiro 
 men bp the jftcgros: aim feeing t&at tfoefe ^Frenchmen toere torptoeUttelcome totbe jaegros, 
 ire totifteo them to fee tobetfocr ebep couId procure them egaine of tfoe 39egro*, ant) b jing tfoem 
 along iuitljtl)cm 3 anDout<SeneraUp}omifeDt|)ef'renctiimtiiooJi,toobtametb«n. Sotoce 
 ■contmttCEU tfoematter to the .frenchmen ano oeparteo, 
 
 ©four men that toerefourtbptfiejSegrosarrotocs.fonrcDieD, ano one to fauefoisftfe foao 
 foi8 arme cut off ♦ Andto wes that mas latf of all butt, lap lamenot able to helpe bfot&lfe j onelp 
 ttoo rccoiicvcD of their hurts , ^0 toe placco other men in tfoe roomesoftfoofe that toe lott, ana 
 fctfaile, 
 
 ©he 2 <5 nap bettuecne Gape Verde ano Bona vifta toe fatoemanpflpingfifljfjsoftbebigneule 
 of herrings,tobereof ttoo fltto into our boat,tobicb toe totoeo at our flerne* 
 Bon«Tiii». ©foe 28 cap tor fell toithan 3jUno calico Bona villa, tofoich is from Cape Verde 8<5 leagued 
 
 ©foe #2o?thfioe of tfoe fapoe 3iIano-t's full of tofoite fanoie foils and oales, anofomctofoat high; 
 latin* 
 
 ©foe fapn eap tore came to an anker toitfotn tfoe SSMermcfl point, about a league tot'tbin tbe 
 point,ano founo in ottr founotng faite fano in ten faoome toaccr,but pou map goe neere till pou be 
 in fine 0? Or fanome,foj tlje grotnm is fatre. 
 
 9b foone as toe toere at an ank?r,our ©eneral! fent fjt« pinnafle a latin, ano founo fine j fire 
 fmall boufes.buttbepcople toere fleo into tbe mountains: ano tbe ncw*ap be fent a (bojc agatae, 
 ano met toith ttoo Pomigals.tobo toillmglp toent abco?otoith bis menjano at their commnig be 
 toelcommeo tfocm 3 a!thougb tfoep toere but.pooje ? umple, ano.gaue eacfcof tbein nyaire sf fl)oes, 
 ano fo fet tljem a ifooje againe. 
 
 -S.be 30 cap toe toeisfoeo 9 failto into a Bap toitfouiafmal 3UanH alwtt a league ft crabs, ana 
 
 tooke picntie of outers fortes of fiffor. ©foe fojefapo 31lanD lictfo fn flrteene Degrees. Sno if pou 
 
 mcane to anker in tbe faio Bap,pou map bo?oto in foute oj fiue fooome of tbe gjSouthermofi point 
 
 aignorjabino^ BfthefapoSlano.tobicbpoumapfeetoijenpouriDemtljeroaD. Butrjctoareoftfoemiooleof tbe 
 
 nmon. Bae.fojtfocreuctbaleDgeof rocks, tobicfo at a lotoetoatertyeakitb, prt tfoere is tfojcefaocHW 
 
 toater otter tfoem, 
 
 ©foe latt oap of 3|amtarie our ©encr all toitfo ccttame of foremen toent a Djoje in tfoe 'Bate to tlje 
 osami&rti po> boufes,tobere foe founo 1 2 Porcugals. 3In all tfoe 3!lanD tfoere toere not aboue 3 o perfons, tofotchj 
 WSJ fc toete batiifbeo menfoj a time.fome foj moje pecres, fotnefriJsfie, anu amongll tfoem tfoere toajs 
 
 enc fimple man tofoicb toas tbeir captaine. 
 
 ^focp line upon goats flc8),cocks,foennes 3 aiwi freffo toatec: otfoetitctnals tfoep foaue nflne, fe« 
 uingfiaj,tofoiclj tfoep eftteme not,«eitfoer foaue tfoep anp boatstotane tljem, 
 
 '&beprcpojtct)tbattbis3IIanBtoasgiuenbp tfoe feing of Portugal! to one effois gentlemen, 
 nftiM note of jjjfoo foatb let it foo^tfo to tent fo? one bunnietfo cucuats a peere , tobicfo rent is rtaree onelp in 
 ieMes ' goats flunncs. ifo} bp tfoeirfpeacfoes tfoere batfo bene fent foojtfo of tfoe fapu aianu into Portugal! 
 40000 Huns in one peere, 
 
 ZfiXe toere to tfoefe men marnctlcuRp toelccme,anD to tfoeirpotoets«erp toei entertameB,ano 
 tbcp gaue bs tfoe fleffo of ao manp foee-goates as toee teonlo bau€,aim tooke mttcfo patnes fo i rg it? 
 ta5ttngtfocm,anti b?tngingtbem from tfoe mountains bpon tfoetr affes* 
 
 ^bep foaue tfoere great floje of tfoe ople of ^ojtoifes, tobicfo %o jtoife is a fiifo tofotcfo ftoim* 
 metfo in tfoe S>ea, toitfo a (foell on bts backe as b?oan as a target, jt rainetfo not in tfois SlanD bue 
 in tlj jce monetbs of tfoe peere, from tfoe miott of 3ulp to tfoe mtDtt of SDctobcr, ann it is foere al« 
 toapes uerp foote.iSine foaue bene bjougfot foitfoe^btic bp reafon of tfoe foeate ami Biougfot tfoepfoaue 
 lieu. 
 
 ■Sfoe 3 of jF'cbiuarptoeeoeparteDfcomcfoisaianti, ano tfoe fame oap feHtot'tfoanotfoeraiano 
 <artjcTicof caIleotfoe3IlantiofMaiyo,tofoiefots i4leaguesftomtfoeotbcr3lIanot tfoere is in tfoe miofi of tfoe 
 Miy0- • toap bcttoecn tfoefe ttoo 3ilanos a Danger tofotcfo ts altoapes to be feene. 
 
 SBe ankrcD in tfoe j!5ojtfotoctt fiDe of tfoe fapD 3le in a faire 'Bate of etgfot faoomes toat er ano 
 fairc fauD,l»ut foere toe fiateo not, but tbe fottttfoDaptoeigfoetianDfaileDtoanotfocr3Ilano caKeo 
 s,Ta 3 o. S.iago, tofoicbItctfoo£fifoefaiD3ilanoofMaiyo<!gaCanDbps§)outfo, ano about fiue leagues one 
 
 from tbe otfoer.TSeing come toitfotn tfoe JKIJcllcrmolI point,toe fato a fatre roao, ano a fmall totone 
 fcptfoetoater fioe,anoalfo afo?c o?platfo?mebp it 1 tfoere tocpurpofco to come to anfecr,attD out 
 marefoants tomafeefomcfale. lout before toe came tottfointfocirujot, tfoep let flic at tos ttoo ptc* 
 ccs.tobereupon toe toent roomer ano fatlco allng tfoe fi;o?e ttoo oi tfojee leagues from tfoe roao, 
 tofocre toe founo a fmall TSaic ano ttoo oj tbjeefmall fooufes,toljere toe came to an anker in 14 fa* 
 Dome fairc grouno, 
 
 S&ftfoia 
 
- 
 
 .^.—.■n- - n- 1 1 ■ 1 ■ ■ i ■ ' ■' ■ ■ i i ■ — » ■ — i i * — ■ — -- - i n 
 
 Jl£(/£0Pge/ 7 <?»»£r.Traffiques andDifcoueries. 6i 
 
 afflolman Ijonre after toe Ijao ankecea toe might fee Diuets tjojfemcn nun footmen on the Una 
 rtgcUt attaintl as doing ana running to ana fro ♦' 
 
 "Cbc^ert bap being the 6ft of jFeb;iuarie,a great companic of their Jjotff men ana footcmcn 
 appearcaontbe (boare fioe, unto tobom our (Senerallfent to biiDcrftanoe tohctijer thep tooula 
 quietlp trafike toith them : 9nD thep fent bim too?ae agame, Defirutg that the? might fpeake 
 toith bun, p jcmtfing that if^c came to trafike as a marchant be fljoulD be toelcome, atia alfo that 
 he i3)oulo b aue anp thing that he o? the marchant tooula toith reafon Dcmattna. 
 
 athenihtsmiftteretoas brought bnto our ©enetall he toasbcrpglaotbfrcofatujthetohole 
 companie, ano pjeCentlp ( toith as mud; fpeeae as he coulo ) he caufeD his boates to be maae rea= 
 uie: butooubring the billanieof the Porcugales, hearmeo bis boatcsputting a Double bafe in the 
 heao of his piimcffe, ana ttoo tingle bafes fo the heaa of the Sikiffe, ano fo fent to tlje May-floure 
 ana the Georgc,auBto:llea them in like fojtto man their ttoo boates. 
 
 'iOjefe boates being thus mannea ana toell appomteo, our ©enerall c werca into his §>Siffe, 
 ana toith rtjetcttrotoco to the fljoarctoljere toere thjeefcojehou^^^^^ 
 footemcntcaaietorcceiuctbem. 2Dur<3cnerallmarueiieBtbatthcpcamcin fo great a number 
 ana all armea , ana therefore toith a flagge of truce fent to them to hnotoc tbeir plcafutc : ana 
 thcp anftuerca him toith manp faire pjomifes ana othes,tIjat their pretence toas all true, ana 
 that thep meant like (Sentlemcn ana 3i)arcrjanteg to trafike toith him, Declaring alio that their 
 Captainc toas camming to fpcake toith (jim , ano therefore oeCreb our ©cnerall to come atiD 
 fpeake with him bimfclfe. 
 
 Miih thisanftocre the bonte retumeb , ana then our (Senerall caufea his pinneffe to rotoe to , 
 
 them, ano as he came necre the fboare thep came in a great companie toith much o bepfancc, opc= 
 nmg their harifis ana amies abjoaoe, botoingttjcmfelues toith their bonnets off, toith as much 
 humble fdiutflttBnsouttoarDlp as tljep might: earned? befiring our ©cnerail ana fiparchants 
 to come on lanae to them, tohereunto he tooula not agree totthout fuffictent gages of (gentlemen 
 ana sparcbants, 9t length thep p?omtfea to fenaettoo gages to our (generals contentment, 
 piomtfing frefbtoater, btctuall, monep, o? Negroes fo? toare, if it toere fuch as tljep likeo : ano 
 therefore brines our (Senerall ana aparchantsto fenoe tbema fljoarein toHtingthc quantitie of 
 tljcir toares, ana the names of them: all which our (genet all Depart ea to pcrfojme , looking fo j 
 their anftoerc the mojrotoc follotoing. Qua being gone a lit le from the ftjoare, he caufea his lm= 
 lies, curriers, ana barquebttffes to be (hot off, ana our fliips in like cafe (hot off fiue c} fire pieces 
 ofgreatojainanccanafocameaboojio to prepare the note* €.fn>P°rciiga]es moftof tbemoepar* 
 teo,fauing thofc that toere left to toatch ana to receiue the note.tohtcb about foure o ? fiue a clocke «g ( u-tar,,,, ot 
 intljeafternoonetoas fent,ano it toasreceiueo. 13utallthepurpafcBof thePorcugals toere bil= ***««*•>• 
 lainoufip to betrap bs(as lhal appeare hereafter) althouglj toe meant m trutlj ana [jeme ftie,frienD= mifuun" t0 
 Ip to trafike toith them. 
 
 lEhere toas to tlje QLteCtoarbSof bs ana about ttoo leagues from bS, a totone behmoc a point 
 fad bp the Tea fioe, tohcre thep has certatne Carauels 0} fijippes ana alfo ttoo BjigaiiDtnes, 
 Whereof thep (totthall the fpecoe that thep might) maae reaate foure Carauels, ana both the b?i= 
 ganoines to^ich toere like ttoo ©allies,ana furnifljea tljem both toith men ano ojainance as much 
 as thep coulo cache, anbas foone as it toas night, tbep came rotoing ana falling tctoataes bs: fa 
 that the lana being high ana thetoeathcrfometo^atclouoteo? mpllie, ano thcp comming all the 
 toap clofe bnaer the fboare toe coula not fee them till thep toere right againfl one of our fljips cal- 
 JeO the May-floure. 
 
 ^p this time tt toas about one o? ttoo of the clocke in the moping , ana the May-floure roaae 
 neerertljem then the other ttoo b^ a bafe (botte, fo tljat thep maae a fure account cither to haue 
 taken hero? burnt her, 31nthe mcanctimeour men that haathe toatch (litle thinking of fuclj 
 billanous treacheries after fo manp faire too joes) toere tinging ana plaping one toith the other, 
 ano maae fuch a nopfe, that (being but a fmall gale of toinae,anartaingneerctbelanDe) thep 
 might heare bs from tlje ujoarc j fo that toe fuppofeb tljat tljep maae account that toe haa cfppeo 
 them,tobtclj inoceae toehao not,neither haa anp one piece of o?ainance primea, o? anp otljer tljing 
 marcaoineffe, 
 
 ^be? came fo neerebs that tljep toere toithingunfhot of bs, $ then one of our men chanceo to 
 fee a ligh t, 9 then looking out fpiec 1 the 4 (hips, ana fuoaenlp ctiea out, (Sallies, gallics.at toljich 
 crp toe toere all ama^ea, ana foo?tbtoith thep fljot at as all rtje great ojotuau ce that thep haa , ana 
 their harqttebuffes,ana curriers, ana fo Iightea certatne tronkes 0} pieces of toiloe fire, ana allof 
 them uiitb one boiee ( as toell thepon the ftjoare as tljep in tlje Hjippes) gaue a great ujoute, ano fa 
 continues hallotoing toith great nopfes , dill appjoching neerer aua neerer bnto the May- 
 floure, £^e (toith aHtbefpeeaethattoemight)maaercaoic one piece of o?amance anbfljotte 
 
 Fff at 
 
'. 
 
 6z The Engiifh Voyages.,Nauigations, M. George Fenner. 
 
 <iriicj0eof 
 
 Fuego. 
 
 Cpl!? 
 
 ■Cotton its 
 Fuego. 
 
 Eraua. 
 
 Cfttp r«ttriu. 
 
 at tl) t m, tobicb caufeo them fometobat to Qap,fo t yep chargco tljeir o lDman ce ano fljot at us frcOj-* 
 Ip againc ,anD\nljiIetljep (^otte t^tstfecono time atije, tte IjaD maoe reaoie tb?ee pieces tol.icfj 
 tow (hot at tbcm, but tbcp appjocbeo fliU fo ncere, that at lafi toe migljt baue fljot a fi)e afe arrctoe 
 to tbcm, thereupon toe bauing a gale of toinoe off the Iboare bopfeo our fojcfaple , aim cut 
 out cable at tbe batofe , ano toettt totoatce out Stomiralt, ano tljep co ntinu co fellototng ano (boo- 
 ting at bs, ano footettme at out SlDmitall , but mx 3 omit all (botte one fucb piece at them ,tbae 
 it maoe them to retire, ano at length to toarpe atoap like trait r rous billaines, ami although thep 
 thus fuooenlp (hot all their u)ot at us, pet th.-p Ijurt neither man no; bop of ours, but tobat toe bio 
 totbemtoeknotonot, 
 
 Iputfecing tbebillanieof thefemen toetbougbtitbetttoffaptberenolonger,butirrmieDiatip 
 fet faple totonros an 3)flauo calleo Fuego, 1 2 leagues! from tbe faio afiano of S. Iago, 9t tobicb 
 aUanoof Fuego toe came to an anker the 11 nap of this monetb,agatntt atobitecbappellm the 
 2BelI eno of rije fapo Jflano, tottbin balfe a league of a litle totonc, ano toit&in a league o? tbere* 
 about of tbe tottermofrpoint of the faio 31fiano, . 
 
 J,n this: mOiano is a maruelletloue high bill toluclj net b burue continuaHp,ano the inhabitants 
 repo?teo that about tljice peeress pail the toljole 31 Llano tons like to be burnt o toitb the abunoance 
 offiretbatcamcoutofit, 
 
 aboutaleapjuefromthefaiDchappcItotl)eaaieCtoarDisiagooolpfp?iitgoffreujtoater,to&ere 
 toe l;ao as much as toe tooido. raijcacetlicp baue none grotomg here , but a certaine freoc that 
 thep call Mill, ano certaine peafon like Guiniepeafon, tobicb Mill maketbgooo bjeaoc.but 
 cljcp Ijnttc here gooo fio?c of rotfaer beatts ano goates, tljeir niarchanoije is cotton,tobicb gtoto* 
 etlj there, 
 
 %[)e inhabitants are Ponugals tobicb baue comanoement from the king to trafike neither toitlj 
 CngliQjmen no? frenchmen to? btctuall j anpetber thing, ercept tljep be fo?ceo fo to Doe, 
 
 tZLljere lietb off this aflano another calleo llha Braua.tobicb is not patting ttoo leagues ouer.it 
 fjathgooBOoje of goates anomanp trees, but t^ere are not patting tbjecojtbure yetfowsotoel* 
 ling in it, 
 
 ^^25 oap off ebntarptoeoeparteo totoaroesibeaflanos of Azores.- anoont^eij oapof 
 Sf)arcb toe has figbt of one of them calleo Flores , ano then toee might fee another iflauo to tbe 
 jf2o?tl)toaro of it calleo Cueruo,lping ttoo leagues 0? thereabouts c ff the other, 
 
 <k\)t a 7 toe came to an anker inCueruo oueragamO abitlage of about ttocfaefimpleljott* 
 fes : but in tlje night bp a gale of toinoe , tohicb caufeo bs to ojatoe our anker after bs.toe bopfeo 
 faple ano toent to the afojefapo 3flano of Flores, inhere toe fatoefltangettrcames of toatcr run- 
 ning ootone from the Ijigh ruffes bp reafon of the great abunoance of raine t&at &ao fuooenlp 
 fallen, 
 
 Che 19 Dap toe came agatne to Cuctuo ano caB anker.but a Gojme arofe ano contiriuto feuen 
 0? eight boures together , fo that toe let flip a cable ano anker, aitD after the ftojme teas alapeo toe 
 came againe tanking to batte recouerea tbe fame, but the Portugal* hao either taken it,o ) fpoileo 
 it: tl;e cable toas ncto ano neuer toet befb?e, ano faotlj the cable ano anker toere better too jtb then 
 40 It. Sao that toe accompt our felucs much beholoing to tbe boneft Portugalcs. 
 
 %})t 1 8 oapof 3p?iltoe tooke intoater at tbe 3flano of Flores,anobauingankereo,our cable 
 toas fretteo in funoer toitb arocke ano fo burtt , tobere toee loll tljat cable ano anker alfo, ano fo 
 DeparteotoourcoaCr. 
 
 djen toee fet faple to an jflanoe nameo Faial , about tbe tohich lie trjjeeotrjer Jflanos, the 
 one calleo Pico , tbe other i&aint George, ano tbe other Graciofa.tobicb toe bao tight of on the 
 eight ano ttoentietb Dap, 
 
 Cbe 19 tor came to an anker in tbe feoutbtocu" fioe of Faial in a faire bap, ano 2 1 facom toa- 
 ter againfl a litle totone tobere toe bao botb freu) toater ano freft) btctualU Jn this 3lflano bp the 
 report of the inhabitant s, there grotoetb certaine greene tooaD , tobiclj bp their fpec cljes is farre 
 
 better then the tooaD Of S. Michael 0? of Tercera, 
 
 Che 8 oapof apap toe tame to Tercera tobere toe met toitb a Portugal! QMp, ano being oefli* 
 tute of a cable ano anker ,our ©enerall caufeo os to ketpe her companie, to fee if fije coulo con-- 
 ucnientlp fpare os anp. dje nett mojntng toe might fee bearing toitb bs a great ttjippe ano ttoo 
 CDarauels , tohicb toe iutigeo to be of the king of Ponugals Slrmaoa , ano fo tbep toere , tobtre* 
 upon toe p?epareo our feluesfoj our Defence. Cbcfatofbip toas one of tbe kings ©allialTes, a* 
 bout the buroenoffourebunD)CDtunnes,toitbabouttb?eehunD?eDmeitrn ber.tbe ujippe being 
 toetl appointeo toitb bjaffe pieces botb great ano fmall, ano feme of tbem fo btgge that their u)ot 
 toas as great as a mans beao , the other ttoo Carariels toere alfo berp toarltke ano toeil appoint 
 teo botb toitb men ano munition, 
 
 3k 
 
 ' 
 
 JtKtlL 
 
 B3oa6. 
 
 it ^omigall 
 4Bal\attt of 
 400 ramus. 
 
M. George Fenner. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 6\ 
 
 aBfooneaBtljepUJfreiu.tljtnt^oueofUs^ljeplJuatieoWiimaHietouljtljctcfuiojDSjiJbtkiC' 
 pfng; our cotirfe, ctje grcatcftflippe fljot at u& frcclp atio tlje carauell alio , anD toe p?cpacco our Lmow 
 fcluw, ano maoe all tljingscleare fojour fafrgaro as necrc as toe coulo, "CIjen the great fliippe € " e "p' n u '^|, 
 fljot at bs all her bjoao Gdc , anD her fotire greater! pieces tljat lap in Ijer (ternc, ano tberctoitl) fl,1D 7 """^ ' 
 hurt fonie of our men, anD toe Did tbe belt toe coulo toitlj our foot to requite it, atlafl ttoo ether 
 Carauels came off ttje ftjoarc.auD ttoootberpinneffes full of men,anD DclittercD tljemaboojD tlje 
 great fljippe,anD fo toent backe againe toitlj ttoo men in a piece of tbem. dje (htp ano tlje <H<v 
 raucll gaue bs tlje firtt cap tb?ee fights, ano tohcntljcnigbt toas come tljep left off ujooting, 
 pet ncttoitbtlanDing kept Ijaro bp Vis all tljf ntgljt* 3in the mcane time tochaoas nmclj astoac 
 coulo Doe all tlje night: to menoe our topee, ano to ttrcngtljcn out bultoarkcs, putting out 
 rruQtn (Sou, ano rcfoltting out fdtles rntber to Die in out Defence then to bee taken lip fuel) 
 tojetcbes, 
 
 Cbe nert nap being tlje i o of 95ap fa the mojmng.there toere come to aioe tlje fain Portugals 
 foure great Slrmaoas o j Carauels* mojic toljiclj maoe fetten, of toljiclj 4 tljjce of thent lucre at t*je 
 leaft 1 00 tunnes a piece ,tbe otrjer not fo btgge,but all toell appotntco anD full of men* 311 tljcfe 
 togcthct came uearingtoitb bs being tn out 3Dinirall,anD one of tlje great Carauels came to lap 
 bs aboo^De (as toe ttiDgeo) fd j tbep hao pjepareo tljeit falfe nettings, anD all things foj that put' 
 pofc, fo that the (Sallias came bp in our larboo jd fioe.ano the Carauell in our ftarboojD Goe. , 
 
 Our Captaineanespafterperceiuinp; their pretence, caufeD our gunners to make allouroj' 
 oinancercaDic toitlj croffijbarrcs,c(jaineftjotte ano bailefljot:fo tlje (hip ano Carauell came bp, 
 anoasfoone as tljeptoere right in our Goes, tbep mottc at bs as murfj omittance as tljep coulo, 
 thinking to Ijaue lapoe bs pjefentlp aboojo : tobertupon toe gatte them fuclj a Ijcate tottlj both 
 our Goes,tljat tljep toere bottj glao to fall afierne of bs,$ fopaufeo the fpacc of t too j th^ee hourcs 
 being a btrp fmall gale of toinoe. - 
 
 Cbrn came bp the other Sue auo (hot all at bs,ano fo fell all atferne of bs,$ tljen toent to rouit-* 
 felltogetljer, 
 
 %fc n our fmall barkenameo the George came to b« ,ano toee conferrcD together a great 
 fpace, Quo a3 trje Portugall fljippes ano Carauels toere comming to bs againe , our barke mitt* 
 Ding to fall atterne of bs ano fo to come bp againe,fell quicklp bpon the lee , ano b^ reafon of the 
 litlc tomoe.it toas fo long before tfje coulofill ber failes againe.cljat botlj the ujtppe ano Carauels 
 toere come bp to bs T anD ftje falling in among them maoe reafonable fljifc toitlj tbem, but thep got 
 a beao of herlo tljat (be coulo not fetch bsttljen s oftfae Carauels follotoeo &er,but toe fato uje De» 
 fenoeo Ijer felfe againfl tljem all. 
 
 ^ijen tame tlje great ftjippe ano the Carauell to bs, anD fought tottlj bs all tljat pap tottlj tljeie 
 ojDinancc, 
 
 CbeMay-floure out other cdnfijjt being bcrpgooDbp tlje tot'noe, tooketlje benefite thereof 
 ano halBe all tljat Dap ilofe bp tlje totnocbtit coulo not come nterc bs, &o toben night againe toas 
 comc.tbep gaue otter tbeir figljt ano follotoeo bs all the nigljt, 
 
 Jn thefe many fights it coulo not otbcrtoife be but necoes iome of our men mttfi be flame, ( as 
 tljeptoereinDeeDe)anDDiuershttrt,anDourtacklemudjfpopleD:petfo;aUtbts toeDioourbett 
 taDittour to repair e all things ,ano todano to it to tlje Death toitlj our aflureo ttuft in tlje mcrcic 
 anDhelpeoftSoD, 
 
 Cljis night the May-floure came bs to b« , ano bur Captaine toloe them bis harmrs ano 
 rpoplrs.anotoinjcD tfacmtf tljep coulo fpare balfe a Dofenfredjmen tobopfe out tljeir boatc 
 anD fence 1 hem to htm, but thep coulo not fpare anp, ano fo bare atoap againe, (LOhiclj toljcn 
 our enemies fatoe in the nert morning that toe toere one from anotber, tfacp came bp to bs again 
 anD gauebs a great figljt toitlj mucb hallotoing ano Ijboping, makiug aceompt either to boo^Dc 
 bs 0? els to dike bs: but altbouglj our companietoas but fmall ,pet leatt tljep fljoulD fee bs anp 
 toljttDifmayeD.toijentljepballotoeDtoeljallotoeDalfoasfaftaBtbep.anDtoaueDtotljemtocome ^7^^ 
 ano booj.De bs if tljep ourtt , but tljat tljep tootilo not, feeingbs ftill fo couragious: ano batting bepan wun 
 giuen bs tljat Dap foure fights , at night tbep fojfooke bs toitlj lijarne , as tbep came to bu at the ? n a e ' ^^ 
 fitfitoitbp?tDc, «S»p- 
 
 %b( p Ijao maoe in our (hip Tome leakcs toitlj their Qjottobicb toe againe CoppeD tot'tb al fpecD, 
 txta that being Pone, toe tookefome red after our long labour anD trouble, 
 
 Che nert Dap :n the morning the May-floure came to bs, ano b?ougbt bsGre men in 6cr boate 
 tobicb did bs mud) pleafure, ano tocfenttotbem fomtofour butt men. 
 
 CljcntoeDtrccteD ottrcourfe fo? our otonecountrep, ano bptbefeconD Dap ofjune toe toere jni«. 
 nerreto ourotonccoatt ano fottnDCD being tljtoarttbeLyzard. 
 
 Cbe tljire Dap toe baD Ggbt of a ujippe tojjicb toas a Portugall ^oho bare tottlj bs , ano at bis 
 
 Fff a comming; 
 
ftjlp CllltlBItU* 
 
 llajiDmg Ml 
 their UiMnica) 
 OtfcHDCO bo 
 Din ' men from 
 Knurrs. 
 
 64. 1 he tinglifti V oysQes^aaigations, Ad. €dmund Hogan, 
 
 comming to us (the toeatber bang calme) out Captame caufeo bun to ijopfe foo?tb bis boate to 
 come aboa?otofyeaketottbbtm 3 anoat their comming our Captaine ano ^paccljants DcmanDttt 
 of them tobac toare tljep baD,ano JDljtthct tljep toerebounD, ano thep mneeanftoere that their (a* 
 rjingtoas fugarano cotton. ^bf"ourCaptasneanDaBarcbnntsflxtocDtbimmteNegroestbat 
 toe Ijan, ano afkeD t!jcm tobetber tljep tooulo bup tbem, tobicbtbep lucre Ucrppefirous to Oce,anD 
 agrecb togtuc fo? tljcm^o cijetts of fugar, tohich cbetts mere fmall bailing not aboue 26 loaues 
 iti nptcce: fo thep toubtberc boate Dio fetch fiue of the cbeftcsaitD Dcliuercb tbem ano tocntfoj: 
 mo?e ) anDtobctubcpbaDlaDen their Ooate ano toere come agaitic, toe might fee bearing toith US 
 a great fbtp ana afmall , tuljtclj our Capcainc fuppofco to be men of luatrc 0? IRoucrs, ano tben 
 totlleD tbe Portugales to carte their fttgar to cljeic fljtp agatnc , purpolmg to mafce our fcluca rea» 
 Die fo? our Defence. But the Portugales earncflip intreateD our Captainc not fo to to?fake tbem, 
 ano pjomifco ijim (if be tooulB fafegaro tbcm) to giue btm aboue tbe bargaine ten cljells of fugar: 
 tobeccttpon our Captame toas content, ano rfje Portugall not being gooD of faple, toe fpareoouc 
 topfaplrs fo? ber j fo at latt the fo?efato fbip bare toitb bs, ano (feeing tbat toe did not feare tbem) 
 gauc us ouer. 3 no tljc tier t moining ume t too ot i;crs bearing tost b bs, ano feeing w not about to 
 flie a lot from tbem fojfooke bs alfo. 
 
 %\)t s Dap of June toe bao llgbt of tbe Sterr, ano about noone toe tocre tbtoart of the bap of 
 Lime, ano fo foutiDeD ano ban 3 5 faoom toater, 
 
 lEMz u*rt Dap toe came in at tbe jfteeoles ano fo cameto an anker Unoer tbe 3fie orWight at 
 a place calico Meadhole , anD from thence fapleD to Southhampton inhere toe mase an enoe of 
 tbtsbopage. 
 
 The Ambaflage of M. Edmund Hogan, one of the fworne Efquires 
 of her Maiefties perfon, from her Highneile to Mully Abdelmekch Emperour 
 of LMarocco, and king of Fes and Sus : in the yeere 1 577, written by himfelfe, 
 
 Edmund Hogan being appointeo 3mbalTaDour from tbe Queenes. SjMefite 
 
 to tbe aboue nameo Cmperour ano King Mully Abdelmelech, oeparteo toitb 
 
 mpcompanp anD fcruattts from London the ttoo anD ttoentte oap of 8p?ill 
 
 1 5 7 7 , being imbarkeo in tbe gooo fljip calleo tbe Gallion of London, ano ar* 
 
 riueo in Azafi a po?t of Barbaric the one ano ttoentie Dap of S^ap nert folloto= 
 
 tng» ammeDiatlp 31 to Leonell Edgerton a ujoare toith mp letters Direc* 
 
 tCD to Iohn Williams anD Iohn Bampton , toho DtfpatcbeO a Trottero to Marocco to knetoe 
 
 the lungs pleasure fo; mp repaire to tlje Court, which letters came to their banos on the Cljur f= 
 
 nap night, 
 
 ■©hep toith all fpeeoe gaue the king bnoertlanDtng of it, toho king glao thereof fpeeDeD the 
 nert Dap certame Captaines toith foulDiers anD tents.toitb otljcr p?otiiGaii to Azafi:fo that bpon 
 SElhitfunDap at night tbefatO CaptamcS toith Io hn Bampton, Robert Wafhborne, anD Robert 
 Lion, ano the kings officers came late to Azafi. 
 
 31n the meane time 31 rematneD aboo?D,anDcaufeD fome of the gooos to be DifchargeD fo? ligh' 4 
 nfng of the fijippe , ano 31 to;ote in mp letter that 31 tooulD not lanoe , till 31 fenetoe the Kings 
 pleafurc. 
 
 ^l;c 2 2 Dap being &at uroap , the Spakc-fpceDe attiuco in the toaoc about ttoo of the clocks 
 intheafcetnoone, 
 
 •Elje 27 oap, being SHhitfmiDap , came aboo?D the Gallion Iohn Bampton, anD others , gt= 
 uingme to biiDecftanoehoto much the King rciopceoof mp falfearriuall, comming from the 
 ©uecnes Spaieflte , ano hoto that fo? mp fafe conouct to the Court he hao fent foure Captaines 
 ano an bunD?cD foulotcrs toell appointeo, toith a hojfe fttrmSjcD tohiclj he bfeo himfelfe to rioe on 
 toith all other furniture accojoinglp t trjep toiflfjeD mee alfo to come on lanoe in the beff jrer 3f 
 couId, as toellfo? mp fclfe asmp mcn,tohich 31 Dto,hauing to the number of tennemeu,tol)ertof 
 rb?eetoeretrumpetters. 
 
 "Che fl)tp2 being foure appointed themfelues in the bed ?Der thep coulD f j the belt fbeto,ann 
 (bot off all their omittance to the balue of ttocntie C@ar hes in potooer. 
 
 9t mp comming a iboare , 31 founo all the foulotcrs toell appointeo on bo?febacke , the Cap/ 
 eaiues ano the ©ouernourof the totone fianoing asneeretbc toaterfioeas thep coulo, toith 
 a gerniet of the kings, ano rcceitteD mee from the boatc Declaring hoto glaDhtSfi^aieflietoas 
 of mp fafe arriuall , comming from the ©uecnes ^aieflte mp SptGrcITe , ano that bee baD Cent 
 them to atteno bponme,it being his pleafure that 31 fboulo tarie there on ujoare 6ue 0? Ojce "apes 
 fojmprcfteujing* ^ 
 
 3>a 
 
 «g. Hogan ftis 
 arriuAl at Azafi 
 ill Barbaric. 
 
Ad. Edmund 'Hogan. TraifiquesandDifcoueries. 65 
 
 : : . 2- Y 1 
 
 si>o being mounteoopoii'tbe 3cnnet,ti)ep conBuctco ma* tb'ouglj tlje ^oionc mto a fasre 
 ficlae upon the ssca-fiDe toijere toas a cent pjouioca foj mee , antf all the gtottiiB fpjeao toirb 
 tEurkte carpets , ana the CaSIe oifcljargea a pcale of ojaiuance , ana all things necetTarte lucre 
 b jougbt into mp tent , toijere 31 both tooRe mp tabic ano loDgirag, ano haa other conuettient tents 
 fojmpfeniantSt 
 
 Che fouloicrs cnuironco the tents.ana toatcljca about bBBap ana night as long as 31 Ir.p there, 
 although 3! fought mp fpeeDicrDifpatcb. 
 
 ©n the saeonefoap totoaros night, 31 toobc mpljojfeana trauellea ten miles to tbefirtt place TnBaibarytticp 
 of toatcr that toe coulo finac , ana there pitcbca our tents till the \u%t morning , ana fo trauetlca bu«u"° ulogt 3 
 tttltenof tljcclockc , ano then pitcbea our tents till foure, ana fo trauetlca as long as oapltght '" °v™ ficlllca 
 moulof!tffcrabo«iC2 6nulesth?tBflp. ffialw!"" 
 
 ©he ncrt Dap being jFriaap 31 tcaiieilea in lifts ojDer but efgbt ana ttoencic miles at the 
 molt , ana bp a Riuec being about Gre miles toithiu figijt of the Citi: of Marocco toepitebco 
 our tents, 
 
 31mmcDiatIp after came all our Cngliuj marcfjants , ano tlje jfrent-b onhojfebacke f o mcete 
 mc.ana before nigljt there came an Alcayde feem the king toith ftf tie men, $ ctuers mules laaen 
 tottboicetiallana banket,fo?.mpfuppct, Declaring Unto me ho*m g!aa the king ujctoeBbimfdfe 
 toljeareof the SQueenes SJUaieGie, ana tljat bis plealure toas 31 ujoula be recetuea into his ccun- ^ficoiigtuac 
 trcpas neueranp Chnttian tlje like: anaoeftreo to knotoc tonat time tlje ncrt oap 3 tooula fX^ooire 
 come into bis citic , becaufe he tooula tljat all the Cbnfiians as alfo his nobilitle Djoula meetc me, wmfiaHSDonr. 
 ana luillea Iohn Bampton to be toith hi"' earlp in tlicmomtug, tohiclj he did, 
 
 about fcucn cf ily: clocke being accompanica toitb the jf renclj at'.a Cnglill) marcljants , ana a 
 great number of fouloiers, 31 palTea totoaros tlje citte, ana bp tb.it time 3 ban traueileD 2 miles, 
 there met me all the Ch'ittians of tlje Spaniards ana Portugals to rcceiue me , tobielj 3 knotue S^™ 8 ^ 
 toas moie bp tlje kings rommanaement tljcnofattpgooo toils of themfeliies: fojfomeofthcm h-tntfimui?: 
 although thepfpeake me faire hung aou-netljeicljeaas like aogg, ana tfpectallptljcPortugaies, JJpSg2o f Mln ? 
 ntta3Icoiintenanceatbeinacco?aing!p. BeatiMomter* 
 
 !§>o 3 paffeo on till 31 came toithmttooCngltflj miles of tlje Citie, ana then Iohn Bampton Mmfaffrtwut 
 rcturneo, fljetolng me tljat the king teas fo glaa of mp comming , that hee coula net acuife 
 ro aoe too much, w "jctoe tlje gooa mill that bee aia otoe totbe CJueenes Spaitflie , ana bet 
 Healme. 
 
 3|)i8 counfelfers met me tuttbout tlje gatc^ana at the entrieof tbc gates,ljis footmen ^ guaro 
 toercplacea on both fiaes of mp ho?fc, ana fo brought me to the kings palace. 
 
 1£hc king fate in his djairc mith Ijis 2Eoimfell about him , as niell the Moores as the Elchies, 
 ano acto^aing to his ojoer giuen bnto me befo-e , 3 there aeclareo mp meffage in ^pantuj, 
 ana maOc acliuerie of the ©ueenes ^ateflies letters , ana all tljat 3 fpake at that pjefent in 
 ©panifh i bee caufea one of Ijis Ekhies to oeclate tlje fame to tlje Moores pjefcnt,in tlje Lar- 
 be tongue* 
 
 5S;ihicljooite,b.e atifiuercome againe in &panifb J peeloingto the ©ueenes spaiettie great 
 tfjankes, ana offering Ijimfelfc ana his countrep to bee at Ijer ©races commaunaement 5 anB 
 then coinntattnoco certatne of his Counfellers to conauct mee to mp loaging , not being farre 
 from tlje Court* 
 
 %\)t Ijoufc boas faire after tlje faujiott of tljat countrep, beingoailp nielt furniftjea toitlj al kino 
 of bictuall at tlje kings charge, 
 
 •Eljc fame night he fent foi mee to tbe Court , ana3 baa conferenccuiitb \)im about the fpace 
 of ttoo houres, tafcere Jtljioughlp oeclarea tlje charge committeo bnto mee from fjcr Sipaie* 
 fiie.finoihgljini confomiable, Uiilling to pleafureano not tobjgcberSpaielJie niithanp ae* 
 maunoes , mo?c then comienicntlp fljee might niilltnglp confent onto , bee fenoiuing tljat out 
 of his cotmtrep tlje Kealine of England might be better ferueO nittblackes, tijeu fjee in compa' 
 rifonfronios* 
 
 ^Further he gatte me to 0nBcr8ana,tbat the king of Spaine Un fent Onto him fo? a liccncctbat fit hmg of 
 an gmbaffaoottr of bis might come into his countrep , ana Ijao maae great meaucs that if tlje Stgrac? %e 
 ©tieenesmaielip of England fent anp onto him, tljat he nioula not giueljimanpcrcaito? inter- ftiKtmefirc 
 tainmcnt.albeic ( faiO Ije) 3 knolo toljat tlje king of Spaine is 3 anotoljat the ©neenc of England nwbaa ° m - 
 ana Ijer Sealme is : fo? 3 neither like of hint noj of Ijis religion, being fo gouernea bp the 3tuuu>. 
 Ctioii tljat he cariooc nothing of htmlelfe, 
 
 ®herefo?enihenhccommeth0poutljelicenccn)hich3hauegrantea,belljalltoellfeebotoli« 
 tie account 3 toil! make of bint atmSpaine, ana ljotogreatIp3toUlertoIlp9ufo?the2Qucei.efS 
 maieftie of England. .... 
 
 Fff ? $e 
 
66 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, M.SdmundHGgan. 
 
 H?efliallntit come to mppjefence aspoubaue Done, aim fijalloapip .- fo? % mmoe to accept cf 
 pou as mp companion ano one of mp Ijoufc , toijereas Ije Qjall attenD ttoentie oapes after be Mb 
 Done bis melTagc. 
 
 after tlje eno of tljis fpecctj 3 Beliuerco &tr T homas Grefhams Ictcers,to^cn as Jjc tooke me 
 bp tlje Ijauo.ano leo me Dotone a long court to a palace inhere tberc ranne a faire fountaine of toa* 
 ter.nno there fitting Ijimfelfe in a cbairc, be commatiDcD me te fit Dotone in anotber,ano tljere cal- 
 ico fo? fuclj Ample a^uficians as be IjaD. 
 cfteMngof ^Ucn 31 p?efcnteD ijim tottlj a great bafe ltite,tobicbbemofitljankfulIp arcepteo, ano then 
 J"a Ei'iIJId rn lj:lD ' ls Dcfirous t0 ^ me of £ b* £P«Ccians , anD 31 toloebim that tbere toas great care bat) to pjof 
 ssuacians. uitic tbem, ano tbat 31 did not ooubtbut topon mp returne thep fboula come tott!) the firfi fijip, tye 
 is toilling to giue tbcm gooD intcrtainment touch p?ouifion of Diet uall,aiio to lejt tbem I«ue acco^ 
 Ding to tbeir lato ano confidence tisercin be b?getb none to t[je contrarp. 
 
 31 fmoeljim to ueone tbat Iiuetb greatlp in tbc feare of (Boo.l'emgtoell erercifeD in tbe &crip= 
 
 turcs, as fcuell in tbe oloe ^effament as alfoin tbe Jflcto, ano 'v,z bcaretb a greater affection to out 
 
 Ration tben to otljers becaute of our religion, toljicb fojbionctb too jfl;tp of 3DoIs,ano clje Moores 
 
 callcDbtm tbcCbiifiian king. 
 
 tttte&gttbe. ^be fame night being tbefirff of 3Tnne,3) conttnueo Vuitlj bim tillttoelueof tbcclocke,anobe 
 
 itotDinupoii feemeo to IjauefogooDltkmgofme.tbat be tooke from bis gtrolea ffcojt Dagger bemg fettoitjj 
 
 ouramuMff*. 200 gjnfoi^ubiesanD turktes, anD Did betfoto ittoponmcano fo3j being conBucteo returnee to 
 
 mp looging fo? tbat time, 
 
 ■Che nert Dap becaufe be kneto it to be s&unoap % our &abbotb Dap be DiD lee me reS, "But on 
 tbe munDap in tbe afternoone be fent fo? mc,ano 3! bao conference toitb Ijtm againe, ano muficfee. 
 LiheuitfeontbetuefDapbpt^eeoftbcclockebefentfojmeintobtsgarDenjfinDtngbimlapD 
 topon a filke beD complapning of a fo?e leg: pet after long conference Ije toalkeo into anotljer ©j* 
 cljaro,tobcreas bluing a faircbankctting-boufe anD agreattoater,auo ancto gailie in it.be tocnt 
 aboow tbe gallie ano tooke me toitlj btm, anD pafTeD tbefpace of ttoo oj tb?ee boures, fijetomg the 
 great experience be bao in ©allies, toljerein(as be Csto) be baD erercifeo bimfelfe eigbteene peress 
 in bis poutlj. 
 
 9fter fupper be fljclneD me bis b°?fes ano otber comma oitirs tbat be baD about bis Ijoufe , ant 
 
 fince tbat nigbt 31 baue not Ctene bmt,fo? tbat be bath kept in toitb, bin foje leggc,but be batb fent 
 
 to me Dailp. 
 
 jon«. ^betjofauneatfireoftljcclockeatnightabas againe auDt'ence of tbe king, anD3conti-- 
 
 nucD toitb b in till mionigbt, tjauing Debateo as tuell fo? tbe ©uecnes commiffton as fo? tbe toe I! 
 
 Dealing toitb ber marcljants fo? tbeir trafftke bere in cbefe parts, faping, l;e tooulD do mucb mo?e 
 
 cut offers of foj tbe ©ucenes ma!eflp ano tlje Eealme , offering tljat all ^ngliuj Djips toitb bet fubiects map 
 
 engi"! msu tttc,J S°oo ftcuritic enter into bis pojts ano Dominions as toeil in traoe of marcanotje, as fo? bic= 
 
 tijaiits. tuallf toater.asalfointimeoftoarretoitbanpberenemiestobjing in pjiCesanDtomakefaleiS 
 
 as occafion fboulD ferue, o? elfe to Depart againe toitb tljem at tljeir plcafurc, " 
 
 Ltketoife foj all Cnglifij fijips tbat fijall pafle along bis coaff of Barbane,? tbojoto tbe firattes. 
 into tbe Leuantfeas, tbat be tooulograuntfafeconDuct tbat tbe faio fbips ano marchants toitb 
 tbeir gooDsmigbt palfe into tbe Leuant feas,ano foto tbe 'CurksDominior.s.anD tl;e king of Ar- 
 gkrs, as bis otonc,anD tbat be tooulo incite to tbe ®urke ano to tbeking of Argier bis letters fo? 
 tlje toell bfing of our fijips anD gooDs, 
 
 Slfo tbat bereafter no Cngliftjmen tbat bpanpmeanesmap betaken captiues, fijall be foloc 
 toitbin anp of bis Dnminiong: toberetipon31 DeclareD tljat tbe ©uecnes maieffp accepting of tbefc 
 bis offers vuaspleafeD to confirme tbe intercourfef traoe of our marcbantstoitbintbts bis coun« 
 trep,as alfb to pleafure bim tottlj fuel) commoDities as be QjoulD bauc neeo of,to furnifij tlje nccef 
 « goot> vie* g t f £ g anD toants of bis countrcp in traoe of marchanDi?e , fo as be renuircD notljing contrarie to 
 ber honour ana lato, anD tbe bjcaclj of league toitb tbe Gljjtdian princes Ijcr ncigbbours, 
 
 %\)t fame nigbt 31 p jefmteo tbe king toitlj tbe cafe of combes, aim DtfircD bis maieflie to faue 
 fpecial regarD tlj at tbe Ibipsmigbt be laDeix backe againe, f 0} tljat 3 four.D Ittle ffo?e of falt-peter 
 mreaoineffe in lohn Bamptons fjanos. I^eanftoereDme tbat 31 iloulD bauc all tge affiflance 
 therein that be coulD, but tbat in Sus be thought to hauefomettoje in Ijis boufe there, as alfotbat 
 tbe Moun tayners baD utaDc much in a reaDincffe : 3 requeQcD tbat be tooulo fcrro ootone,toijic^ 
 hep?om:fcDtoDoe. 
 
 "Cbe eigbteene Dap 3 toas toitb btm againe ano focontinueo there till n%bt,anD&efl)etoeD 
 me bis boufe toitb pafiime in Ducking toitlj toater-S>pamels, ano baiting buls toitb bis Cugluti 
 Uogges. 
 St tljis time 3 mooueo btm againe fo; tbe fenoingoo tone to Sus, tobtcb be granteo to Ooe,ano 
 
 tbe 
 
M.Tbo.Stuf^elej. Trafriques andDifcouenes. 
 
 67 
 
 t\)Z 24.D3? tljere OCparteO Alcaydc Mammie,toit[j Lioncll Edgerton.anD Rowland Guy to Sus, 
 
 anDcarieD toitb tjoem foj our accompts ano bis comyaup cJje kings letters to bis bjotber Muly 
 Hamnict,anD Alcaydc Shauan,atiD tbe Slicerop. 
 
 dje 2 j.oap toe king fent wieout of Marocco to bis preen rnlleo Shersbonare.toitb IjiSgarD, 
 ana Alcayde Mamoute.auDtbe 24.at night Jl came to tlje court to fceaSpojris Dance, ano a plap 
 of bis Elchies. lj)e pjotwfeo meauDiencc ttjc nert cap being &ucfDap,bttt heput it off till 'Ojurfr 
 Dap: ano tbc tZLburfoap at nigljt J toas fent fo? to tlje king after fupper.ano tben be fent Alcayde 
 Rodwan,anD Alcayde Gowiy to conferre toitb me,buc aftera little talke 31 DeftrcD to be b?ougbc 
 to tlje fting foi nip Difpatclj. &no being biotigljt to l)im,31 pjefcrrco ttoo bils of Iohn Bamptons 
 h)bicbbcbaDm,iDefo?pjotufionof.§)ait-peter:alfotli)obilsfo?tbcciuicttr(iffiqueofourEnglifh 
 Sparcbants, ano bils fo? fugacs to be maoe bp tbc Iewes, as tocll fo? tlje Debts pafl, as bereafter, 
 ano foj gooo jDcr in tbe Ingenios. aifo 3! mooueD i)in\ againe fo? tbe &>aIt-peter,anD otljer Diff 
 jjatcljcs.tobich Oe referreo to be agreeo Dpon bp tbe ttoo Alcaydes. %m tlje JFriDap being tlje 20, 
 tlje Alcaydes cottlonot inteno it, anD Upon §)aturDap Alcayde Rodwan fellficke.fo on §>unDap 
 toe maoemcanes to tlje King, anD tljat afternoonc 31 toas fent foj to confrere upon tbe bargaine 
 tottij tbc Alcaydes ano ottjers, but did not agree. 
 
 &pou Kucfoap 3i to?ote a letter to tbe fixing fo? mp Difpatclj, ano tlje fame afternoone 3 toas 
 calleo againe to tlje Court.anD referreo all tljings to tlje J5ing,accepting bis offer of S&alt-peter, 
 ®b<it night againe tlje IXing Ijao me into bis ©allie.ano tbe Spaniels DiD bunt tbe Ducke. 
 ^be Ebntfoap 31 toas appointeo to toap tbe 3 oo.kiutals groffe of ^alt-peter,anD tljat after- 
 noone tbe Tabybe came unto mee to mp loDging, Vetoing mee tbat tbe king toas offenDcD toitb 
 lolin Bampcon foj Diuers cattfes. 
 
 %{)t <§>unoap nigljt late being tbe 7.of 3Julp,3! got tbe JKing to fojgitte all to Iohn Bampton, 
 anDtbcEingpjomifeomcto fpeakc againe tottij meiponSpunoap, 
 
 ilpon Cnefoap 31 tojote to bim againe foj mp Difpatcb,anD tljen bee fent Fiay Lewes to mee, 
 ano faio tbat be bao o?Der to to jtte, 
 
 (Upon SBeDnefoap 31 tojote againe,anD he fent me toojfo that upon 'fthttrfoap 31 fhoulocome 
 ano be DifpatcljeD,fo tljat 31 OjouId Depart bpon JFrtoap toithout faile, being tljettorlftb of 3Julp. 
 S)o tbefrioap after arcojDing to tlje kings o?oer 9; appointment 31 toentto tberourt,$tohere« 
 as motion ano petition toas maoefo? tlje confirmation of tbe DemautiDstofjicbSJhaDpjeferreD, 
 tljep toere all granteD,ana Uketoife tljepn'uilegcs toljicb toere on tbe befjalfe of our Englifh mar« q%, & mx>ttoi 
 chants requefleo, toere toitlj great fauouranDrcaDincffepeeloeo unto. SlnDtohereasthcIewes ofMarowtna 
 tljere tefiocnt toere to our men in certainerounDfummesinDebteD, tbe (Emperors pleafure ana S"2e^uo^ 
 commanDement toas, tljat tljep ftjoulD toitljout furtljet crcufeojoelap, papanoDifcljargetbe 
 fame. Snatbus at length 31 toas DifmiDfeDtoitb great bonouranDfpecialIcountenance,fucljas 
 Ijatb not ojDinarilp bene ujetoCD to otljer 9mbaffaDo?s of tlje Chriftians. 
 
 &rtD touching tljcpjitiatc affaires intreateo upon bettoirt Ijcr 9paiettieanDtheCmperour,3| 
 IjaD lettersfrom fjim to fatiffie Ijer Ijigljneffe tberein. §>o to concluDe,ljauing receiueo tljelike bo* 
 nottrable conDuct from Ijis Court, as 31 baD fo? mp part at mp firft lanoing , % embarkeo mp felfe 
 toitb mp fojefaio companp, anD arriuing not long after in England, 3] repaireD to fjec £©aieffieiS 
 court.f enoeo mp 9mbaffage to ber bisbnefTc gooc liking, toitb relation of mp feruice uerfo jmeo. 
 
 The voyage o^Tloomas Stukeley , wrongfully called Marques of 
 
 Ireland ',into Barbary 157 8. Written by lohtmnes Thomas Treigius in HiUorit 
 de c&cLe Sebafttani Regis Lujitania. 
 
 Eneianc autem ad regem etiam fexcentiItali,quosPapafubminiflrarat, 
 Comiti Irlandia;: qui cum Vliffiponem tribus inftruflis nauibus appuliffcc 
 Regi operam fuain condixit, eumque in bellum fequi promifit. Cap.y. 
 
 Totum exercicumdiuifit inquatuoracies quadratas : In dexcro latere 
 primuin agmen erac Velitnm & milicum Tingicanorum , eofque ducebac 
 Aluarus Perefius de Tauara : finiftram aciem feumediamtenebantGer» 
 rnani Sc Itali, quibus imperabat Marchio Irlandia;,&c. Cap, 1 1 . 
 Inter nobiles qui in hoc prejio ceciderum,fuerunt,pr£ter regem Sebatlianutn,dux de Auero, 
 
 Epifcopi Conimbticenfis & Portuenfis,Commi(Tariusgeneralis aPapa mifliis ]VlatchioIr« 
 
 Iandia;,Chri(tophoru5 de Tauora, & plures alij. Cap.i 3. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 l£)tre came alfo to Don Sebaltian tljeKing of Portugal c^oo.Italians, toljom tbePopefent SaBttpjongl^ 
 
 Dnoer tlje cohducc of dje *Marques oE Irland: tobo being arttueD at Lisbone toitlj tl;?ee tall !""^ l ? totD . 
 
 (bips, 
 
 
 
Fuquieno 
 
 Cinceo. 
 
 Cantaiij 
 
 CbeqtKam. 
 Xuti'amfu, 
 
 Cbdia, 
 
 Quiaoci. CJ 5 
 Quinij. 
 
 Jjchin. 
 
 d8 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, ^Reports ofChinau. 
 
 ftips,y?offcrcDljt.sfccutcetotbekmg ) anQp^omifeDcoatt£tttliponoimiatije\jyiaries,^c. 
 
 ijpc Diuioeo the tobole 9tmie into 4.fquaojons : bpou the right using Cooo the firG fquaujon, 
 confiflingofmcBligljtlparuKDo^C&irmifiiersf.ntioftljefoulDitrsofTangier^ctiCKllofliJfcoin 
 teas Don Aluaro Perez de Tauara : tbclcft 0? iniolc fqtiaO^on COlllUteUof Gccmanes anO Icali- 
 aiisAimitfyi commano of the barques of Irland.&c.cap.y, 
 
 ©f Noblemen tuetefiaine in tiji& liattell (ljcBoes Don Sebaftiantbc King) tljeOukedeAue- 
 ro,the tlno biiljops of Coi mbra $ of Porto.tlje 99arqucs of Irland fern b» the Ipope as bis Com* 
 miifatpgeneralljChriftopher de Tauaia, ami manp OtljcrS, cap. 1 3 . 
 
 1% is fttrtfjcK alfa to be remembjeo , tljattsiucrsotljcr Englifh gentlemen lucre in this battel!, 
 tobcreof the mofl part mere ilainejano among others QfhChnrtopher Lyfter tuas taken cap= 
 tiue.ano nias there long Dctamco in mtferableferuituDe, Wjitt) gentleman although at length 
 behapptlpefcapeotlje cruel hams of tlje Moores; pet returning borne into £ngland,antifo^ist 
 manifola gooo parts being mthepeere i y 8 6,cniulopco bv the honourable tlje Carle of Cum- 
 berland,™ abopageittfenocotip the Strcights of Magellanfoj the ^ 
 (mberemhe fljeiDeo lingular resolution ano courage) ana appointee aftcrluaro tn outers places 
 • of fpcciallcommanoanocreoite,iBaSlavr0faU mtterabip ojotoneo in a great ano rich Spanifh 
 pj^e bpon the eoafl of Cornwall. 
 
 Certaine reports of the proiiince of Qnna learned through the 
 Portugals there imprifoned } and chiefly by the relation of Gakotto Perera,z 
 . Gentleman of good credit, chat lay ptifonerui that Councrey many y ceres. Done out 
 * of Italian into Englifh by %khardwilles. 
 
 33&j»gcs22» Hpis lino of China isparteuinto 13. Shires, the mhich femettmcsrtereccbonc 
 
 1 a feingoomc bp it fclfe, but tbcfe manp pecre3 th*p bauc bene all fubiect bnto one 
 
 1 King. Fuquien ;@ mace bp tbe Portugals tbe ficfr ^>l;tre,becaufe there tbeir trou* 
 
 bles began, $ tbep hao occatton thercbp to knom tlje reff, 3In this (hire Le S.citteS, 
 
 ! but one pjincipallp mo je famous tben others calico Fuquieo, tbe otbet feuen ate 
 
 reafonablp great,tbe belt hnoraen mhereof unto tljePortugals is Cinceo, in refpect of a certaine 
 
 jjaucn topntng thereunto, toht tljcr in time pal! thep mere uoont fo? marchanoife to refojt, 
 
 Cantan is tbe fecono (hire , not fo great in quantifiers rnell accomptco of, both bp the king 
 thereof, ano alfo bp t!;e Portugals , fojtljat it Iicttj neerer bnto Malacca then anp other part of 
 China, ano teas firfl Difcrieo bp tlje Portugals betbje anp other ibire in that pjottince : tbis {hire 
 hath in it feuen Cities. 
 
 Chequeam is the tbiro (hire,the cbtefefi Citie therein is Donchion,therct'n alfo ff anuetfj Li- 
 ampo.tuicl) other 13.0? i4.boiougljes:couutteptoliines therm are too too manp to be fpoken of, 
 
 ©he fourth tbire is calleu Xutiamfu , tbep?incipall£ittethet£ofisgreatPachin,ui!)eretlje 
 King ts atoapes rcSoent. Jn it are ftfteene other vjerp great Cities ; of other totones tl;ereiu, 
 ano bopughss Uuell toalleo ano trencljeo about, 31 ruil fap nothing. 
 
 %l)e fiftfljtre hatbnamc Chelim : tlje great Citie Nanquin chiefe of other fifteene citiestoas 
 herein of ancient time the ropallfeat of the Chinifh kings. 5f torn this Ibire, ? from tlje afoyefaiti 
 Chequeam fojtoaro bare rule the other kings, bntil tlje ImIjoIc region became one kingcome, 
 
 Che 6,(htre bearetlj the name Quianci,as alfo thep?mcipaieEttp tljereof.uiherein tlje fine clap 
 tomakeriefTflsislBjought. TljePortugals being ignorant of this Countrep, ano finoing great 
 abundance of tijat fine clap to be fclt?e at Liampo, ano that betp goon cljeapc, thought at (he firtt 
 that it ban bene mace tberc,bou)beit in fine thep percciueb that tlje ttanning of Quinzi mo je neere 
 ^Hto Liampo then to Cinceo 0? Cantan l»as tlje Caufe of fo much fine Clap at Liampo : toitljin 
 thecompaffeof (^uinciujire be other i2,cities. 
 
 %[)Z -jMtt is Qnicin^tlje 8.Q£anfi,the9.Confu,the io.Vrnan,tIje 1 i.Sichiua. 3in thefirff 
 hereof tljcre.be i c5,Cuies,iHthc nerc r y: hotomanp Cobmes the other 3,hauc,niee arc ignorant 
 as pet.as alfo of the proper names of tlje 1 2,ann 1 j .(hires, ano tbetoroncs therein, 
 
 CbiS finallp map be generallpfaio hereof, that tlje greater (hires in China- p?ouince map bee 
 fompareatoitbrnigbttekingCQines. 
 
 3n ccbeonc of tbefcfljiresbeefctPonchiaffini ano Anchiaffini, before trjljcmareljanDleo tlje 
 matters of other Cities, ©here is alfopIaceoinecljoneaTutan,aspouluoulofap,agouernour, 
 anoaChian,thatisnbifitcr,as(tiueretiBhofeofficeistogoeincircuit,anotofeeiuflicecracUp 
 oonc. TBpth?fcmeancsloup?if!,ljtlp tilings arc ojoereotbere, trjatit map be \na?trj:Ip accomptcn 
 orieof tljebeG goucrneopjouinces in all tlje tnojlo, 
 
 ©he king makcth. ailnapes W abooe in the great dtp Pachin,as much to fap in our language, 
 
 as 
 
; 
 
 %eports ofQhina-,. TrarTiques and Difcouenes. 69 
 
 as Up ttjc name ctjereof J am aDtiertifeD,tbc totone oftije hmgocme. djis hmgoome is to Iciigc, 
 tbattouKrfiucmonctljcs pott are not able totrauailefrom the Cotoncs bptije&cafiDctotbe 
 Court, ano batke againc, no notbnDer tlj?cemonetbes in poGeat vour b?gciitbufincflr. She 
 poC-ljoifestntbisCountrcpare licle of boop, but ftotft of foote. Spanp Doe traurtle the greater 
 pact of tljisiournep bp water in certaine light bathes , fo? the mttltittiDe of Ktuers commcriious 
 to? paffage from one Cittc to another, 
 
 She lXing,nocu;itl)Canoiiig tlje bugeneffe of bis fungDome,bath fuel; a care tbcreof,tbat cuerp cnnr m$ 
 ^oonc;fo;bptl)egpoonestljcprec[tontl)ctrmoiK:t!}es)i)eisaouerttfeofulIpoflobatfocuert!)ing lut " e - 
 bappcnccbtbcrcm,bptbefcmeancsfol[otouig. 
 
 Slje tobole pjouince being Dtutoeo into flrires, ano eclj (birch .iuing in it one c!)ir fe ano pjinci-- 
 pallCitie, toljEretmto the matters of all tlje otljcr Cities, Sotones ano bo?ougljes,are brought, 
 tbere arc D?atoen in cuerpcljiefc Citie afojefaiD intelligences of fuel) things as ooe monctljlp fall 
 out, anD be fent intoning to tbe Court, jf bappelp in one monctb cuerp ii3ofi be not abletogoe 
 folongatoap,petDoetb tbere nottoitbCanDingonce cuerp monctlj arruie onelpoCcottcofclje 
 ftjii'e.ffiltba fo cometb befoje tlje netomooneCapctljfo?tbeDcIittcrpofbis letters until tbemoone 
 be cbangeo, Sben liketoifc are otfpat cljen other UDofts backe into all tlje 1 3 ,Gjircs againe. 
 
 Befojc tbat vnc ooe come to Cinceo toec Ijaue to paffe tb?ouglj manp p(accs,anb fome of greac 
 impo?t;mce, JFo? tbtsCountrep isfo toell inljabiteunecre tlje S>eafioc,tbat pou cannot goc one 
 mile but pott ftjal fee fome '£otone,bo?Qugbo?boflrp,tbetobicb are foaboum>atlpp?ouiDeD of all 
 tbtngg.tbat in the Cittcs ano toumrs tljep litte ciuilp. cucrtbt lefle fuclj as Dluel ab?ooc are toe* 
 rppoo?c,fo?tbemultituDe of tljcm cuerp tobere is fo greats tbat out of a tree pou fljall fee manp 
 times ftoarme a number of cbiIo?cn, tobere a man tooulo not baue thought to baue founDanp 
 one at all, 
 
 tfrom tljcfc places in number infinite, pou (ball come bnto ttoo Cities iierp populous, ano,uc» 
 ing compareo ttttbCinc eo,noc pofftblp to be DtfcetneD tobiclj is t(je greater of tbem,3Lbefe cities 
 are as luelltoallco as anp Cities in all tlje teo?lD. Ss pou come in to cither of tljem.tljere ttanDEtlj 
 fo great ano migljtp a b?iDge,tbat tljelike tbereof 31 baue neuerfeene in Portugal no? clfc tobere. 
 31 bcaro one of mp fellotoes fap , tbat bee toloe in one b?ioge ^.arches. She occafton tobcrefo?e 
 tbefebjiDgcs are maoefo great is,fo?that tbe Countrep is totoaro tbefeaberpplaineanDloto, 
 and ouecflotoeo euer as tbe fea toater encreafctlj, She b?eaotb of tbe b?tDgcs, although tt bee 
 tor 11 p?opo ? t lonco unto tlje len g tij tbereof, pet are tljep cquallp built, no higher in tlje mtDok tljcit 
 at either enoe, in fucb toife tbat pou map fee oirectlp from tbe one enDe to the otljcr : tbe Goes are 
 toonocrfuflp toell engraueo after tbe maner of Rome-too?kes. 'But tljat me Dto mctt marueile at 
 teas tljeretoitljall tlje ljugenefle of tlje (tones, tbe like tobcreof,a0 toecame in to tbe Citie,toc Dim 
 fee manp fetupin places oif-ljabiteo bp tbe toap,tottormaUcbargesoftbeirs,botobeit to little 
 purpofe, tobcrcas no bo op feetlj tljem but fuel) as ooe come bp. Che art bes are not maoe after 
 our faujion,baute& toicb fttno^p Cones fee together : butpaueo,as ittoere, id hole Cones reaching 
 from oueptller to an otljer,in fucb toife tljat ttjep Ipe both fo? tbe arches beaos, ano galantlp ferue 
 alfo fo? tlje high ^ap. 31 baue bene aflomeDtobcljolDetbeljugenelTeof tljeafo?efaioflones:fome 
 of them are rii.pafes long ano upojaro,tbc lead 1 i,gooopafeslong,anD an Ijalfe, 
 
 Sije luapes ecbtobere are galantlp paueo uritb fourefquare Cone, erccpt it be totjerc fo? toant 
 of Cone tbep bfe to lap bjickct in tljisstiopage tuee trauatleD ouer certatne billes,tobere the toapeg 
 toere pitebco, ano inmanpplacesnoUJo?fepauebtbenintheplainegrounD, Sbiscaufctbbsto 
 t!jmk ?, tljat in all the too lib t be re bee no better toojktmcn f 0? builnings, then the inhabitants of 
 China. SbeCountrepisfotoeUinbabiteD.tbatnoonefooteofgrounDisIcftbntilleD t fmall 
 8o?e of cattellhnue toe feene tljis oap.toc fato onelp certain? oren tobcretoitljall the countrepmea 
 as ploto their grouno. One ore t>?atortb tlje plough alone,not onelp in this fljire.but in otljer pla» 
 cesalfOjtobeceinis greater Go?e of cattell, Shefe countrepmenbp arte Do tbatm tiUage,tobicb 
 toe are conftraineo to ooe bp fo?ce. fyctt be foloe tlje oopoingJ! of clofe flooles, although tljere 
 toantethnotthe Dung ofbeaCes: ano the ererements ofmanaregooo marcbanDife thjougljout 
 all China. Sljc Dungfcrmersfeck in cuerp Crcete bp ercbange to bup this Durtie toare fo? berbst 
 ano toooo, She cuCome is berp gooo fo? keeping tlje Citiecleane. ©ten is great abounoance of 
 bfnnes.getfejDuckcs^toinCjanDgaates.wetbersbatie tbep none: tbeljennes are foloebptoeigljt, 
 ano foare all otbertbings, Stoo pouno of Ijcmtes fleib, geefc.o? Ducke, is too?tlj ttoo fbi of their 
 monep.tbat is, D.ob.Ccrling. S)toinesflcfi)isfolD atapcnietbepounD. TBecfebearetbtljefame 
 pjice,fo?tbc fcarcittetljereof.hotobeit jQo?thtoatD from FuquieoanD farther off from tbefca-- 
 coaCtljcrr is beefe moie plcntie ann foloe better cljeape; 2He Ijaue haD in alltbe Cities toe paffrD 
 tb20ugb,sreatabti!iDanceofalltbcfe»tctuals,becfeonclpcrcepteD. 3no if this Countrep toere 
 like unto India ,tlje inhabitants tohereof catc neitljec ljcnne J beefe,no?po?ke J but kcepe tbat onelp 
 
 fo? 
 
70 The Englifh VoyageSjNauigations^^^or^o/^/j/w^i^. 
 
 to? the Ponugals auo Moores, ttjcp tuoulp be lolD bere fo? nothing. ISM it fo falling out,tbat ttje 
 Chincans are tljc grcateft eaters in all the too?lb,t(]cp DofeeDbpon alltbings.fpetiallp onpo?fce 3 
 tobicb, tljc fatter it ts,isbnto them the Ieffelothfome. Che higbeftp?ice of tbefe things afo?e£aiD 
 31 bane fet Dotouc,bcttcr chcape thai pou fometimes bup them fo? the great plcntte tljcreof in this 
 rountrcp. f rogs arc fcloe at the fame p?:ce that is mane of bennes.anD are gooD meate amongtt 
 them,as alfo Dcg^cats.rats.fnakcs.ano all other bnelc.memeftcs. 
 
 CljeCities beberp gallant, fpectallp ncerc bntotbegates^betobicb aremarttetlcuRp great, 
 ano couercD toith tron.Che gatcbiufes arebuilt en high toith totters,? the lotoer part thereof is 
 niaDeofb?tcke$ ttone,p?cpo?tionallp toith the toalls, from tljetoalls bpluarutlje btitlDing is of 
 timber,ancmanpfto?icsinit one aboue tljc other, CbcftreHgibofthtirtotoncswintljcmtghtie 
 toalles atiD Dftches.artillene baue thep none, ' 
 
 Che ftrectcs in Cinceo, ano w all the reft of the Cities toe hauc fcene arc bcrp faite , fo large 
 ano fo ftraight,that it is tootiDerfttll to bebolo.djeir houfes are built toith timber,tbe founnations 
 onelp ercepteb, the tobich are lapb toith ftone : in cch fine of the fireetes ate pentifes 0? tontinuall 
 po?cb:s fo? the marrams to toallse toiber: tbe b?eaotb of the ftreets is neucrthclelTe fuc!j,tbat in 
 them 1 5 .men map ribe common tottflp fine bp fio/. 3s thep rtoc tbcp muft nccos pafle bnDcr manp 
 high arches of triumph that croffe ouet tbe flreetes mace of timber, ano caruco Diuerflp, couereo 
 toith tiles of fine clap:btmer thefe arches the gpcrcers 00 titter their fmaller wares , $ fuel) as lift 
 to tt'inn there are DefenbcD from ratne anb tbe beate of the £>tmne. 'Che greater gentlemen Ijaue 
 thefe arches at their soojes: although fome of them be not fo migbttlp butlt as tljc reft. 
 
 toutra. 3] fjjaii Ijaue occaOon to fpenke of a cectaine o?oer of gentlemen that are calico Louteas. 3! toil 
 
 firft therefore ecpounO'tohatthistoopftgnsfictb. Lomea is as much to fap in our language as 
 <§>ir,ano when atip of them cailetb his name, be anftoereth feic : ano as toe do fap , that the Ktncr, 
 hath mabe fome gcntIeman,fo fap thep, that there is maoe a Loutca. 9ne fo? that amongft them 
 tlje Degrees are Dtuers both inname anb off;cc,3l toill tell pou onelp of fomepjmcipals.temg not 
 abletoabuertifcpouofaU. 
 
 Chemaner boto gentlemen arc createo Louteas.anb bo come to that honour ano title,t's bp the 
 gtumgofab?oao girole,nothkecotljereu\auDacap, atthccommaunDcmentof the king. Che 
 name Loucea is mo?e gcnerall ^commonbnto mo, then the cqual.tte of honour therebp fignifieo 
 agrcctb tmtball. feucb Louteas as Doe ferue their pjtnce in toeigfatte matters fo?iuftice, are 
 creatrb after trial mabe of tljctr learning : but the other tohicb ferue in fmaller affaires s as Cap* 
 tatnes.conftables.fergcants bp lano ano rea.receuters ano fuel) Iike,toherecf there be in euerp ci* 
 tie,as alfo in this, bcrpmanp.are mabe fo? fatiour: the cljicfe Louteasarcferuco kneeling, 
 %ln tohole piottince of China is biuiDeD,as 3 Ijaue faio,into 1 3 .fljires, in cuerp fhirc at the Icaft 
 is one gouemour calico there Tutan,infome (hires there be ttoo, 
 
 chun,oj,c!«en. Cbicfetnoff!cencrtbntotbembecertameothcrnamcDChians,tbatis,highCommffriontrs'afi 
 pou tooulo fap,o? Dithers, toith full autbo?(tic in fuch toife,that tljep Doe call bnto an atcompt the 
 Tutans themfelues , but their authojitielaffethnot inanp ftjtre longer then onepcrr,5Qeuertbe* 
 leffe in euerp ftjitc being at tbcleaft 7,ctties,pea,m fome of them 1 j.o? 1 6,befit>e other bo?ougljcS 
 anDtotoncs nottoell to be numbjeD,thefebiGters toljere thep come are fo honourcD anDfeareD,aE« 
 though thep toere fome great p?inces.3t theperes enD,thetr circuit Done,thep come bnto that Ct ! 
 tie toh^tb is cljicfe of others in the fbtre,to do t'uftice there: finallp bufping themfelues in tljc feat* 
 thing out of fuch as ate to receiuc the 0? Der of Loureas.tohercof mo?e fhalbc fatD in another place, 
 
 Poncbiaffi. ©tier ano bcltDcs tliefcofficcrs.mtljecheifeCttpofechoneoft&efeafojefntc ij.p^ouinces.ts 
 
 rcfibentonePonchiaffi.Captaine thereof, anb treaifurcr of all the kings reuntues.ChisSgagi* 
 fttate makcth his abooc in one oftlje foure greatett houfes that be in all thefe beab Cities,3nD al* 
 though the pjincipali part of his function be tobcCaptaine, to betreafourerof thereuenues in 
 that p?ouincc,f to feno tljefe rettcnues at appointeo times to the Court : pet hatb he nottoithflan* 
 Ding bp hts office alfo to mcoble toith matters appertaining bnto tuflice. 
 
 Anchnffi.01, gin tljc fecono great hottfe Dtoellctlj an other a^agittrate calico Anchiadi, a great officer alfo, 
 fo? he hath Dealings in all matters of tuQice, CClijo although he be fometobat inferio? tn cipitte 
 bnto tlie Ponchiafli.pct fo? [jis great Dealings ano gencrall charge of iuftice, tohofocuer fcetb the 
 affaires of tljc one fcoufe ano the other might tiiDge this AnchialTitobe the greater. 
 
 Tmi. Tuzi^notherofficerfocallcoJicthinthethirDehoufejamagiu^ateofimpojtancejfpectallpiu 
 
 tljtngs belonging; bnto toarfarc,fo? th ereof hath he charge. 
 
 rtida, Cljere is rcGocnt in the 4.houfe a fourth off iccr,bcarmg name Taiflii.Jn thisljoufe is the p?in •■ 
 
 cipallpufonof all tljc Citic. Cch one ofthefeSI!)agittratC3?.fo?cfatDe map both lap mill Doers in 
 pjifon.^Dcliuer them out againe.e rcept j) fact be heinous 9 of tmpo?tance:in fuclj a cafe ti; ep can Do 
 Hotbwg.ercepc the? bo meet al together, 3nb if tljc dced oefcruech Deatb,alltbcp togttrjet cannot 
 
 Deter' 
 
Reports of Qhina-j.TrMcpLts andDifcoueries. 71 
 
 Determine thereof, ttutjouttecourfemaocDittotbeChiantoijetcfoeuerljcebc, o?totbcTutan : 
 atiDeftfoenes tc fallctlj out , cljat tlje cafe 10 referreDbntobigbcrjiotocr, 3!n all Cities, not onrlp 
 cljiefe it\ecb ujice.bttt in cljie reft alfo, ate meanes found to make Loutcas. Spanp of tbcm Do ftuttp 
 attljep?inceljis cljarges,tobercfo?e at the peeresenoe tbep refo?t bnto tbcbeaD£ities,tobitbcr 
 tlje Chians ooe come, as it jjatlj bene earft laiDe, ass toell to giue tbefe Degrees, as to fit m mege- 
 incntouertljepjifoners, 
 
 ^e Chians go in circuit euerp pcre, but fuel? as are to be cljofen to the greateff offices meete 
 not but from tb?ee peeres to tlj?ee peeres , ano tljat in certainc large balles appointco fo? tljeni 
 to be cramtncD in. C^anp things are affceD tljem.ujfjetcunto if thep Doe anftoere acco?cinglp,ano 
 befounDfuffitientto tafcetbeir Degree, tfjeChianbp ano bpgrametb it tbcm : but theCapano t;«nti.ta. 
 girole.tobercbp t bep arc knotoen to be Loutcas , tljep toeare not befo?e that tbep be confirmcb bp 
 the king, 'ftljac cramination Done,nnD triall mabe of tljem,mcb as bauc taken tljcir Degree toont je>8«ois. 
 to be gitien tljem toitlj all ceremonies.bfe to banquet ano feaft manp Dapcs together (as the Chi- 
 neans faftjtort is to enoe all their pleafures toitlj eating aim D?inktng) ano fo remainc cljofc n to do 
 tbckmgfetuiceinmattersoflearning. %ty other eraminatcsfouube infufficient to p?occea 
 arefentbacketo their ftuoie againe. (KEIhofe ignorance is percctueoto come of negligence ano 
 default, fuchaone is \uhtppeb, ano fometimes Cent top?ifon,tobere iping that peerctoben this 
 kinoeof acte toas.tte founo manp thus punifljeD, ano DemaunDtng the eaufe there of.thep faioe it 
 tuas fo? that tljep kneto not boto to anftoere bnto cettaine things afkcb tljcm. 3|t is a toojln to fee 
 boto tbefe Louteas are ferueo anofcaten, infurijtoife,tbatinpublifceaffembltrsat one£h?ike 
 thcpgiue,atl the reruito?s belonging bnto iuftice tremble thereat, 9ttbeir being in tbefepla- 
 cesjbJhen tljep lift to mooneye it but cuen to the gate,thefe feruito js Doe take them bp,ano carrp 
 tbeminfeates of beaten golo. 9ftertbtsro?taretbepbo?netobentbepgoefotbeCitp,eitberft)? 
 their otone btiftneffe ab?cabe, 0? to fee ech other at home, iFoj the Digmtie thep haue,anD office 
 thep Doe beare.thcp be all accompanieD t the bcrp meaneft of them all tljat goetlj in tbefe feates is 
 bfljereo bp ttoo men at tlje leaft, that ctp unto the people to giue place, botobeit thep nccce it not, 
 fo? that reucrenre the common pleople hatte bnto them, Chep hatte alfo in their companp ccr« 
 taine Sergeants toith their Spaces either filttereD 0? altogether timer, fome tli)o,fomefoure,o« 
 tber Ore,otljercigljt,conuentcntlpfo? echone h«s Degree, % he mo ?e principal ano crjtcfe Louteas 
 Ijaue going o?oerlpbefo?e tbefe Sergeants, manp other toitlj ffaucs,anOagreat manpcatclj-- 
 poulcstoitb rous of Indifh canes D?ajgeo on the grottnb, fo tljattbe ftrcets being paueD,pou map 
 heare afarre off a? toell the nopfe of theroDs,as tbe bopce of the criers, Sljefc feilotocs ferue af* 
 fotoapp?eljenti others, ano the better to be knotoen thep toeare litterprcDgirDles, ana in their 
 caps peacocks feathers, ToehiuDe thefe Louteas come fuel] as Doe beare certainc tables hang; b 
 at JIaues enDes,tobcrcin is tnjtttcn in filucr letters, the name,begree, ano office of that Loutea, 
 toljom thep folloto, 31n like mancr thep bauebojne after them hattes agreeable bnto their titles: 
 if the Loutea be meane, then hath be brought after htm but one hat,anD"tbat map not be jealotot; 
 but if he be of thebctter fo;t,then map be baue ttoo, th?ee,o? foure : the p?incipall ano chtefe Lou- 
 teas map hatte all tbcirljats pealoto.tlje toljicbamong them is accompteo great honour. VL^t Lou- 
 tea fo? toarres,altbough he be but meane,map nottoitbftamring haue pealoto hats. Cfjc Tutans 
 ano Chiansjtohenthepgoe ab?oaD,bauebeGoes all this befoje them lcooetb?eie 0? foure ijojfes 
 toith their guarD in armour, 
 
 iTurtljermoje the Louteas,pea ano all the people of China.are inont to eate their meate fitting 
 on floolesatjugb tables as toeooe.anD that berp cleanelp,althougb tbepbfe neither tahle-clotbes 
 no? napkins, GHbatfoeuerisfet Dotone upon the boo?D isfirftcarueo before that it be brought 
 in: thep feeoe toith tloo fticks, refraining from touching their meate toith their bancs.cuenas lue *f *» tI,flt '» 
 bo boith fo?kes : fo? tfjeUutjictj retpect thep leffe do nceoe anp table clothes. 315c is the nation onfp sjLmfc!" mi& 
 ctuill at meate, but alfo t» conucrfation, ano in courtefie thep feeme to erceebc all other. 1 iketoife 
 in their Dealings after their maner thep are foreabp, that thep farre paffe all other Gentiles aim 
 Moores: thegreater (fates are fo baine.tljat thep line their clothes toith the beft filke that map be 
 founB. i£bc Louteas are an iolc gencration,toithout all mancr of erercifes ano paftmics,errcpt it 
 be cattnganD D?inking, Sometimes tbep toalke ab?oabin the fielDS to make tbefoalDiersQjoot 
 at pitckstoitb their botoes,but tbeireatingpaffeth:thep toillftanD eating etirntohen the other Do 
 D?ato to Qjoot. 'SDhe p?icke is a great blanket fp?eao on tcrtaine longpolcs, he that ftrtketh !t,b.ith 
 of tlje beft man there ftanoing a piece of crimfon Caftara,tlje tobith is knit about his hcao : in this 
 fo?t the toimters be honoureDjaiiD the Louteas toith their bellies full retHtne home againe, ^tbe 
 inhabitants of China be betp great 3lDolaters,all generallp Doe toojujip the l^auens: ano.as toee 
 are toont to fap, ©oD hnotoeth it : fo fap tbep at euerp too?D, Tien Tautee, tljat is to fap,The hea- 
 uensdoeknowit. !§>ome Doe too?Q)ip tlje &onne,anD Come the QStoone, asthepthinkegoonfo? 
 
 none 
 
Mfrerttjc 
 
 Dutch nfyiasu 
 
 Pythagorean 
 
 liHe. 
 
 72. The Englifh Voyages.,Nauigations, %eports ofQhina—,* 
 
 none arc bouno moje to one then to another.Jn their temptcs,tlje tohich thepoo call Mcani.thep 
 Ijaue a great altar in the fame place as tee haue.trtte it is cbat one map goe rotate about it, Cljcre 
 fee thep Up the image of a certaine Loutea of that countrep, tohom tljep ijaue in great reuerence 
 foj certaine notable things be Dio, 3tthertgl)thanuiranoetb the Diuel much mo?e uglppainteo 
 then toe Doe ufe to fet htm out,to!jereunto great homage is none bp fuch as come into the temple 
 to af ke counfell, 0? to Djato lottcs : this opinion thep Ijaue of him, that he is malicious ano able to 
 Doettil, Slfpouafketljem tohat thepDothinkeof theroule8DepartcD,theptoiIlanftocrcthattbep 
 heimmo?talt,ano that asfooneasanpone Departcthout of this life, he becominctijaDtuelifhee 
 JjaueliucDtoelit'nthistoojlD.ifothertoife, that the fame oiuel chiingetli him intoabufle,ore,o? 
 Bogge, ilZElherefoje to this Diitel thep Doe much honour,to him Doe tljep facrifice, p?aping him that 
 he toill make them like unto himfelfe , ano not like other beallcs, Ojep haue mojeouer another 
 fo?t of temples, tohercin both upon thealtars ano alfo on thetoalls Do ttanomanp iools toe!lp?o-- 
 po?tioneD,butbareheaDeD:thefebearenameOmithofon,accompteDofthemfpicitis,lutfuchai* 
 in heatteu do ncitljcr gooo no? etttll, thought to be fuel; men ano toomen as haue chafllp liueo in 
 this toojlo in abSiuence from fiih ano flc(b, feo onelp toith rife ano falates, ©ftbatDuieUhep 
 make fome accompt: fo? thefe fpitits thep care litle 0? nothing at all. Sgatne tljep fjoloc opinion 
 that if a man ootoelltn this life, the beauens toill giue him manp tempojaltbleGtngs,but tf heoce 
 £uil,then (hall he Ijaue infirmities ,&tfeafcs, troubles,auD pcnurie,ano all this totthout anp knoto* 
 lenge of iIpod, jfinallp, this people knotoeth ho other thing then to litte anD Die,pct becaufe thep 
 be reafonablccreatjires.allfeemro gooo unto them toe fpeake in our language, though it toere 
 naci)Erpfufficient:ourmanerofp?aptugefpeciaflppleafeDthem,anDtrueIptl)eparetoellpnoughj 
 Dtfpofeo to rccciue the kiiotoleopje of tbetruetb, 2DurlG?D grant fo? his mercp all things fo to 
 lie otfpofr b, that it map fometimc be brought to paffe, tljat-fo gceat a nation as tt)is is periuj not 
 fQ?toatuofheipe, 
 
 ©urmancr of piping fotoclllikeD them, tljat in pn'fon impo?t;tnateIp thep befottght Ds to 
 tojttefo^tbemfometohatascocetningheauenjthetoljichtoeDiatotljcircontentattonliofucljrea' 
 fons as toe kneto.hotobeit not utrp cunuinglp.9s thep Do t hcirtoolat rp thep laugh at themfeiueif, 
 31f at anp time this countrep might be t'opneo in league toitlj the kmgtome of Portugale, in fucb, 
 totfe that free accelfe toere haD to Deale toith the people thcre.ithep might all be foone connected 
 ■©he grestett fault toe do finoe in them is Siooomie, a uice uetp. common in the meaner fo?c,anB 
 nothing flrange amongft the beu\ 3£his Hmte toere it left of tbem.in all other things fo toell Dif« 
 pofeo thep be, that a gooo interpreter in a ihojt fpace might do there great gooo: 3f,as 3 faiD,the 
 countrep toere iopneo in league toith ug, 
 
 jf urthermoje the Louteas, toitlj all the people of China,are toont to folemnifc tlje Dapes of the 
 ueto ano full spoones in oifitingone an other, ano making great banquets : fo? to tljat enD, as 3 
 eartt faio.oo teno all their paflimes, anD fpenoing their oapes in plcafure, 'Ehep are toont alfo to 
 folemni?eec!j oneljis birth Dap, toljereunto their hiiiojco anD frienos Do refo?t of cultome, toitlj 
 p?efents of ietoels o?inonep, receiuing againe fo?their retoaro gooo cheare. "Ehep feeepein like 
 maner a generall feaff toith great banquets that Dap their fctng toas bo?ne, 'But their mofi p?in* 
 cipall ano greatett feaCI of all.anD beft cheare,is tlje firtt Dap of their neto peere, namelp tlje fitff 
 Bap of tlje neto Spoone of jTeb?uarp,fo tljat their firfl monetlj is aparch.anD tljep reckon tlje times 
 acco?Dinglp,refpcct being bao unto the reigne of their pjinces :astol)enanpDecDisto?ittcn,tl)cp 
 sate it thus, £® aoe fuch a Dap of fuch a moone, ano fuch a peere of tlje reigne of fuch a king. 9no 
 their ancient to jitings bearc Date ofthe peeies of this 0? that king. 
 
 jftoto toill 31 fpeakeof themaner tohiclj theChineans Doe obferue in Doing of suffice, that it 
 map be knotoen Ijotofarre thefe ©entiles Do herein erceeo manp Chriftians,that bemojeuouu* 
 ten then tliep to oeale iuQlp anD in trueth, Becaufe tlje chinifh king maketfa hisabooe continue 
 allp in the Citp Pachin,his kingoome fo great, gt the fijires fo manp,as tofo?e it hath bene faio: in 
 it therefore the gouernours ano rulers, much like unto our &hiriffes, beappointeDfofuDDenip 
 ano fpceoilp DifchargeD againe,that thep hatte no time to groto naught, 4Furtfjermo?eto keepe 
 the date m mo?c fecuritie, the Louteas that gouerne one ihire arc tfaofen out offome other fhire 
 tofrant farre off, tohcre thep mull leaue their toiuee, chilo?en ano gooos, carping nothing toitb 
 them but themfelues. 'Erue it is, that at their camming thither tljep Doe finoe in a reaDineffc all 
 things necefTarp,tljeirl)oute,furnitur£ > feruants, ano all other tljings in fuchperfection anD plen* 
 tic.tljat tljep toant nothing. Cbus the king is toell ferueo toitijout all feare of treafon, 
 
 3nthe principal! Cities of tlje (hires be fourecbtefe Louteas, before toljomarcb?ougljt all 
 matters of the tnferiour ^0 tones, throughout the tohole Eealme, Diuers other Louteas haue 
 tljemanagingof iuttice,anD receiuing of rents, bouno to pecloe an accompt thereof Unto the grea- 
 ter officers, ©ther oa fee tljat there be no euil rule kept in the £itie : ech one asit beljoueth him, 
 
 ©cnerallp 
 
'Reports ofQhina—>. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 73 
 
 <§enerallp all tbcfe Doe impufonmalefaccours, caufe them to betoljiupco ana racfeco, rjcpGng 
 them bp aim Dotone bp tbe amies toitb a co?D,a thing berp bfuall there, ano acconipceo no flrame, ®b« l " r ' in * 
 djefc Louteas do bfe great Biligcnce in the appjeljenBing of thee ties, fo tlj/>t it is a tcoiiDcr to fee $0" !£ " "'*' 
 atbeefecfcnpe atoapin anp Citp,totone oj billage, Upontbefeaneetebitto the (boar.; many are 
 taJteu,anDloofeeeucn as tbep are taken, To betljep6rtttoljippcD,anDafteEtoarDlapBnnpjildn, 
 Hiljcce fljojtlp aftec tljcp all Biefo? hunger ano coin, 3ttljat time toben toe toerc mpjufon, tljcrc 
 Bieo of them aboue t^eefcoje ana ten. 3!f Ijappclp anp one, bauing tlje meanes to get fooc , 00 cf= 
 cape.beisfettoit^tljeconBemneaperfons, aiiDptouiaeDfojas tbepbebptbe&ing, infucljtoife 
 as Ijereaftcr it fljalbe fain, 
 
 Cheir tobips be cenaine pieces of canes,cleft in tbe mtaale, in fuch fojt tbat f bep fcemc rather 
 plainethc'nu)arpe,l!?e that is tobctobippealietbgrcuelongon tbe grouna: upon bis tljigbes the 
 bangman lapetlj on blotoes migbtilp toitb tbefe canes, that the Ganoers bp tremble at their cruel* 
 tic, 'Etn ffripes a?atoagreat oealeof blooa, 20.0? 3 o.fpoile the n"efb altogether, 50,0? oo.toill 
 require long time to beeljeaIeB,ana if the? come to tbe number of one bunojcD , tben are tljep 
 incurable, 
 
 •©be Louteas obferue mojeouer this : toben anp man is brought befoje them to be crammed, 
 trjcp af fee bim cpenlp in tbe bearing of as manp as be p?cfent,be tlje offence ncuer fo grt at.^'ous 
 Bio thep alfo bebaue chemfelues toitb bs: Jf 0? this caufe amongft tbem can tljcre bz no faife M$> 
 neffe.as aaplp amongft bsit falletb outXljiS gooa commetb tljereof,tbat manp being altoapcs a> 
 bout tlje 3uoge to bcare tbe euiaence,ana beare toitneffe,tbe pjoceffe cannot be falfifira,as it hap- 
 pened fometimes toitb bs, Cbe Moores, Gentiles, ana lewes baue all their fttnojp otbes, the 
 Mooresooftocare bp tbetr Moffafos, tlje Brachmans bp tljeir Filiitlje reft lifeetoifebp the things 
 cbep do toojfijip, Che Chineans though tljep be toont to ftoeare bp beatten.bp tlje spoone,bp the 
 feunne, ana bp all tbeir adoolcjs, in iuagement nettertljeleffe tbep fnicare not at all* gjf fo? fome 
 offence an otbe be bfeaof anp one, bp ana bptoitlj tljeleaffeuiaencebe is tojmen tea, fo be the 
 toitnefles be b jingetb,tf tbep tell not tbe truetb, j do in anp point Difagree, wee pt tljcp be men of 
 toojfytpanocreBit.toljoarebelceueBtoitboutanp furtbermatter : tbereffaremaaetoconfeffe 
 tbe ttuccb bp fo?ce oftonnents ano tobips. ^eGaes this ojaer obferueo of tbem in craminations, 
 tbepbofeare fomucb their Sing, ana be tobere be mafeetb bis aboBefeeepetb tljem folotoe, that 
 that tbep Bare not once ftirre, 9gaine, tljefe Louteas as great as tljepbe, nottottbUanDingtbe 
 mttltituDe of Notaries tbepljaue,not truff mg anp otljcrs,co to jire all great pjocefies ano matters 
 ofrnipojtancetljcmfelucs, ©ojeouer one bertue tbep baue toojebp of great p?aife, atiDtbatts, 
 bting men fo toel regdraea ano accompteo as though tbep toere pjinces,pet tbep be patient aboue 
 meafttre in giuing auoience. WLe pooje grangers b?ongljt before tljem might fnp toljat toe 
 tooulD,asalltobe Ipes ano fallaces that tbep DiDto?tte,neDib toe flanobefojetijem toitb thebfu* 
 all ceremonies of tbat Countrep, pec did tljep beare toitb bsfopatientlp, tbattbepcaufeDnsto 
 inonoer, ftnotoingfpeciallpbobj iitle anp abuocateo?3IuDge is toont in our Countrep to b£are 
 'toitb bs. jrojtoljerefoeuerm anp^CotoneofCb?ifien6Dme CjouId be accufeb bufenotoen men 
 astoetoere,3lknotonot tobat eno tbe berp innocents caufe tooulaljaue : but toe in aljf.itbm 
 Countrcp.ljauingourgrcatencmiesttooof tbe cbiefcllmen inatoljoIe'S;otone J toantingaiiin= 
 tecp^eter, ignorant of tbat Countrep language, Bio in tlje enD fee our great abuerfarics cau" into 
 p?ifonfo? our fafee,anDDepjtueD of tbeir fflffices ano honour fo? notcoingiuflicc, peanottoef' 
 tape oeatb ; fo?,as tbe rumour goetb,- tljep fbalbe bebcaoeD. i§>ometoljat is no to to be faio of the 
 iatoes tbat 31 baue bene able to fenoto in tbis Countrep,ano fird,no tljeft 0? mttrtljcr is at anp time 
 parooneD:aDultcrers are put mp?ifon,ano tlje fact once pjoueo 3 are conDcmneo to D:e,tlje toomans 
 tufbano muft accufe tbem: tljiso?Der is kept tottljmen^toomenfouno in that fauit,but tijecucs 
 ano muroerers are tmp;ifoneb as 31 baue faio.tobcre tbep ujo^tlp Die fo? hunger ano colo, 3if anp 
 onehappelpefcape bpb?ibingtbe<SaiIertogtuebimmeate,biS p^oceffegoetlj furtljer,anDcom' 
 metlj to the Court tobere be is conoemneo to Die. Sentence being giuen,the \n ifoner is bought 
 tn pubiique toitb a tertible banc of men tbat lap bim in 31rons bane ano foot, toitb a bcop at bis % v m™ 
 necfee one banDfullbjoao, in length reaching bo tone to bis fenees, cleft in ttooparts,ani>iBitba b0 °i tf - 
 bole one tjatiDfitH Dotonetoara in the table fit fo?bisnecfee, tbe tohich tljep inclofe bp therein, 
 nailing tbe boo?D fatt together; onebanDfaUoftljeboo?DCanDethbpbehinDeintbenccfee:S:he 
 fentence ana caufe toberefo?e the feHon toas conoemnen to Diet's tojitten in tljat partof tbe table 
 tbat flanoetb befoje. 
 
 CbiscercmonpenDeDjbeiSiaiDinagreatpjifonintbccompanpoffomeotbetconDcmnctipr^ 
 fons.tbe tobiclj are founD bp tbe feing as long as tbep do Uue. Cbe bo?o afo?efaio fo maoc to jmen* 
 tetbthepnfoners berp mucb,feeeping tljem botb from refl,gtekje letting tbem to eat cfimoBtouflp, 
 tbeir banB$ being manacleb in irons bitter tbat hoop, fo that in fine there is no remesp but Death, 
 
 Ggg an 
 
74- TheEnglifhVoyagesLjNauigationSj^^or/j^^Witj. . 
 
 3n tljc cbiefe Cities of euerp tfjire.as tte baue ertt faio, ttjere be foure pjiucipall boufcs,m ccb of 
 tbem a pjifon : but in one of tbem, tobere tbe Taiflu maketb bis abooe, tbe re is a greater ano a 
 moje principal p?ifo« tljcn inanp of the rett*. ano although in cttcrp Clip there be manp,neucrtbe - 
 lefle in tbjce oftljem remaine onelp fuel; as be conDemtuD to Die. Cbeic Death is much pjolongeo, 
 fo? tbat ojoinarilp tbere is no execution Bone but once apeerc, tboualj manp Die fo? hunger ano 
 colo 3 aa tuc Ijauc Tcenc intbtsp?ifon. € .recti t ion is cone in this mauer, OeChian,tolmc,tbc 
 bigb CommilTioner o? £o?d cljiefe 3!uttice,at tbe pcres eno goetb to tfje beaD Citp,tobere be bea« 
 retb againe tbecaufes of fucb as becpnoernneo. ^anp times be oeliueretb fome of tbcm,oecIa= 
 tins yj boo?D to baue bene to?onfulIp put about tljctc necksube nidation enoeo, Ije cijotetb out fe» 
 uen o? eigbt,not manp mo?e o? leffc of tbe gceateCmaIefactp?s , tbe to)bicb,to feare ano keepe in 
 ametbe people, are b?ougbt into a great market place, toljere all tbe great Lomeasmcecetoge* 
 tber , ano after manp ceremonies ano fttperflitions, as tbe bfeoftbeCountrepis.arebcbraDcD, 
 Cljis is Done once a peer e : toljo fo cfcapetb t bat Dap, map be Cure that be ttjall not be put to ocatb 
 all tbat peerc follotoing.ano fo remainetb at tbe kings ebarges in tbe greater p?ifon. Jn that p?i* 
 fou BJberc rue lap mere aHuapes one buiiDjeo ano mo of tbefe comicmncD perfons,bcfi.Dcs tijcin 
 t&atlapinotberpjifons. 
 
 ^befe p?ifbns tobetetn tbe conDemneo captifes do remaine are fo flrong, tbat it batb not bene 
 bearDjtbatanp p?ifoncr in allChinaljatb efcapeo out of p?ifon,fo?inDeeDit is artjingimpoulble* 
 ■£be p?ifons arc tbusbuiloeD, jTirtt all tbe place is migbtilp toalleD about, tbe toalles be beep 
 fit ong anD bigb,tbe gate of no leffe fo?ce : txtit\)i\x it tb?ee otber gates , befoje pou come tobere tbe 
 p?ifoncrsoolpe,tberemanp great loDgings are to be feeneoftbeLouteas,Notaries,Parchions, 
 tbat is ,f ucb as do tbere keepe match anD toarD Dap ano nigbt.tlje court large ano paueo,on tbe one 
 Cdc tnbereof (lanoetb a p?ifon,luitb ttuomigbtp gates, luljeretn are kept fucbp?ifonersashnue 
 committer) enojmiotts offences* tZLbispjifouis lb great.tbatin it arc ttrcetes ano Market places 
 iubc rein all things necelTarp are fob, 2>ea fome p?ifonersliuc bp tbat kinoe of traoe, buptng anD 
 fclltng,anD letting out beos to biretfoine arc oaplpfcnt to p^fonJomcDapIpDcIiucrfDjtoberefoje 
 tljis place is ne tier boio of 7.0? eight bmto?eD men tbat go at libertte. 
 
 3nto one other pjifon of conDcmneo per fons (ball pou goattb?eep?ongates,tbecourtpaueD 
 anD Uauten rouno about , ano open aboue as it lucre a cloitter. 3i" this cloifler be eight roomrs 
 lntth p ion doo jeS,ano in ccb of them a large gallerie, toberein euerp night tbe pjifoners Do lie at 
 * iengtb.tbeir feet mtlje IIocks,tbeir booies bampereo in buge boooOen grates tljat keep them from 
 
 nttmg,fo tbat thep Ipe as tt lucre in a cage.ficepe if c hep can; in tbe morning tbcp are lofeo againe, 
 tbat tbep map go into tbe court. Jftottoitbttanoing tbe arengtb of this p?ifon,it is kept toitb a gar* 
 rtlbnof men,part uibcrcof toatcb toitljitube boufe,partof tfatm in tbe court,fomekeepc about tbe 
 pjifon toitb lanterns ano toatcb-bels anftuering one another tme times euerp nigbt, ano giuing 
 lnarning folotuo,trjat tbe Loutea retting in a cbamber not neere tljereunto.map beare tbem. In 
 tbefe pjifons of coneemneD perfons remaine fome 1 5 ,otber 20, peres imp?ifoneD,not ereruteo, 
 fo? tbe loue of tbeir bono jable frienos tbat feeke to prolong tbeir liucs. Sg)anp of tbefe p?ifoners- 
 bettjciomakerSjanD baue from tbe king a certaineallobjance of rife: fome oftbcmtoo?kefo?the 
 keeper,iubo fuffretb tbem to go at libertie without fetters ano boo?os,tbe better to too?ke.l£)oto« 
 beit mben tbe Loutea calletb bis cbecke toll, $ mitb tbe keeper bietoetb tfjem,tbep all meare tbeic 
 Iiueries,tbat is,boo jos at tbeir necks,p?onneD bano anD foot. (LUben anpof tljefe p jtfonrrs Dietb, 
 he is to be teene of tbe Loutea ano Notaries, brought out of a gate fo narroto,tbat there can but 
 one be d j atocn out tbere at once. Zfyz p jifoner being brought fo jtb,oue of tbeafojefato Parthions 
 ttriketb him tb?tfe on tbe beao mitb an p wn fleDge, tbat cone be is Deliucreo unto bis fricnDs,if Ije 
 Ijaue anp ,0 1 bertoifc the king bir etb men to carp him to bis burial I in tbe ftelDs. 
 
 iZLbus aoult erers ano tbecues are bfcD,§>ucb as be impjifoneo fo; Debt once knoruen ,It e tbere 
 
 bntil it be paieD. ^tbe Taiflu bj Loutea calletb tbem manp times befoje bint bp tbe bertue of bijs 
 
 office.tobo bnoerttanDing tbe caufe toherefoje tbep do not pap tljeir oebts,appointetb tbem a at* 
 
 taine time to do tt,untbtn tbe compalTe tnbereof if tbep Difcbarge not tbeir Debts being Debters in 
 
 Deeo, then tbep be luhippeo ano conDemneb to perpetuall impnfonment : if the ereoit c js be manp, 
 
 ano one ts to bepaico before anotber, tbep Do, contwrp to our maner , papljim firttof tobom tbep 
 
 latt bo?roioeD, anD fo o?Dinartlp tbe reft.in fttcb fo?t tbat tbe firtt lenoer be tbe lafl receiuer, Cbe 
 
 »na« m m fame optito kept in paping legacies: tbe latt nameo receiuetb bis portion firtt. "Stljep accompt it 
 
 m" je wku. nothing to r iietn fauour to fucb a one as can Do tbe like againe : but to do gooo to tbem tbat baue 
 
 •*«• litleo?notbing,tbatistoo!itbtbanks,tberefo?e paptbep tbe latt before tbe firtt, fo? tbat tbeirin* 
 
 tent frrmctb ratbet to be bertuous tijen gainefull. 
 
 M3bcn31 faio-tbatfucb asbe committeo to pufon fo? ibeftanDmurtber toereiuogcD bp tbe 
 Court, 31 ment not tbem tbat toete appjebenoeD w tbe Dceo Doing, fo? tbepnm | ra | triaU,but 
 
 are 
 
Reports of (^bina.Tra,^i(\utsandDi[coucrics, 75 
 
 ace b?oun;ljt tnmscsiatlp befoje tlje Tucan, bjijo one of Ijano gmetb feutence. SDUjcr not taken fo 
 
 open!p,tobicb 00 nceo trial,are tlje makfacto jspuc toececuttcn once a pere in the djiefc ctties.to 
 
 keepe m attic the people: o? eonOEm!:eD,Do rcmainc inpjifon, looking foj Ujcircap, £bceucs w- 
 
 ing taken ate caricD to pzifen from one place to anotI;ct in a cljeG bpott metis ibculDcrs,IjireD tijet - 
 
 fojcbpthckitigjtljecijelSigcT.ljamifuIs ljt£b,tbe pjtifoncr fittctfj tfjcrciiiUpon ai)£nc^) 3 tOe couer 
 
 ofclKCbeSisttooboojogjarntDtljcmbotljaptUerp-Iikeljole.foHbcpjtfoiiersueckejtljcretittctij 
 
 lie Xaitl) Ijis beao ttritbottt tbe cbeS, ana rbe reff ofljis boop uutljm,not able to mooue o* turnc Ijis 
 
 Ijeas tljis to<ip 0} tljat tuap, no? to plucke u in : tijcuecclTittes of nature Ijebopuctlj at a hole in the 
 
 bottomeof tlje cbetf, tbe mcate be eatctlj is put into his mouth b? ocbers. 'Ehrre abitsetlj be cap 
 
 anu ntgijt ottring bis mljoieioitrnep: if b-ippilp Ijis posters (tumble, of cljr cljctt do ioggeo? be fet 
 
 oottine catelcflpjt curneclj to bis great pauses that Gttctij tljerein.al fucb motions being bnto l)tm 
 
 banging as it ttjerc^rjastoerc our companions carteDfto Cinceo,7,iiaics iournep,ncuer taking 
 
 nnp reB as aftermaro tbep tolo bs,$- tbeir greafeG gricfe mas to Cap bp the map : as fbone as the? 
 
 eame,being taken out of the cheu%thcp mere not able to Ratio on their feet, ano tmo of them fitco 
 
 fiio?tIp after, Mlrjen me lap in pjifon at Fuquieo 3 me came manp times aUjoao,? mere bjoughc f^uk* 
 
 to Cbe pallaces of noble men , to be fcene of them 9 their miucs.fo? tljac tljep hats neuer fe ene anp 
 
 Portugale before* &9anp things tbep afkes bs of our Couiurp,antj our fafljtons,? ciottmte cucrp 
 
 tljing.fo? tbep be curious in noueltics abottc meafure. Cbe gentlemen fijem great courteGe bn» gueof tofojf ' 
 
 to Urangers, ano fo did me finse at tbeir banns, ano becaufc tijat many titties me met e bmugljt a* 
 
 bjoatiintotbeCitp,fomeml)atmil31 fapoffuchtljings as 31 did fee tbereirt,being a gallant Citp, 
 
 ano cbiefe inone of tbe 1 ^fljires afojefaio. djeCitp Fuquieo is berp great,$mtghtilp mailed 
 
 toitb fquare (tone faotljtottrjtn ano micbout ,ano, as it map fermc bp tbe bjcatstlj ttjerof ,6i!es bp in 
 
 rbe mioole mitb eartb,lapD otter mitb unck grtouereD U)itI)tple,aftertbemanerofpojctjeso? gal-= 
 
 lerics.tljat one migbt nmel tljerein. ®be ttairestljep bfeare fo caGlp maoe,tijat one map go them 
 
 »p anooottmc aljo?f-backe,aseftfoones tbepDo: tijc Greets arepauco, as alrcasp it bat b bin faiD: 
 
 tberebcagreatnumbcrofS^arcb5nt3,euerp'onebatljm?itteninagreat cable at bisDoojefucb, 
 
 tilings as be batb to fel, 3in likemaner cuerp artifanc paintctlj out Ijis craft: tlje market places be 
 
 iargegceat a'ounoance of al tbingstbere be to befoloXlje cttp GanDetbbpo mater,matip Slreamca 
 
 run tbfougbit,tbe banks pitcbeD^fobmaDtijiit tbep feme fo? Greets to tbecitiesbfe, ffluer tbe 
 
 Creams are funD?pb?ioges botij of timber f flonc,mijicb being maoe leuel mitb tbe liteet0,binDec 
 
 not tlje patXage of tbe barges too ano fro , tbe cbanels are fo oeepe» Ktbete tbe fire ames come in 
 
 ano go out of tbe cttp.be certatne arches in the mal,tljere go in ano cut tbeir Parai,tbat is a ktnD of Pat,li " 
 
 barges tbep baue, 9 ttjat in tbe Dap time onlp: at ntgbt tljefe arcbes are clofeo bp mitb gates, fo na 
 
 tbep fljuc bp al tbe gates of tlje Citp.&btfe ttrc amesane barges Do cnnobliftj berp mucbtbe Citp, 
 
 ano make it as it mere to feeme anotbec Venice, dje bttilDtngs are eucn 3 melmaDe,bi?jb,ttDt lof« 
 
 teOjetccpt it be fome mberein marcbanci^e islaiD. 3lt is a mo?lo to fee bom great tbcfe cities are, 
 
 anotbe taufcis,fo? tljat tlje boufes are built eucn,as31 ba«e faio,$Do take a great Deale of roome, 
 
 £Dne tbing me fam in tbis citp that maDettS al to monDer,anb is mo?tbp to be mites : nameIp,oucr 
 
 a po?cb at tbe comming in to one of tbe afo?efat'o 4.ljoufes,mbicb tbe king batb in euerp (hire fo? 
 
 bis gouerno j0,asi 31 ba«e ertt faio, ttanoetb a tomer built bpon 4o,ptIlcrsiecb one mbereof is but 
 
 one Cone,ecljone4o,banDfu!so?fpan0long:inb?cDtbo?rompafle 1 2,as manp of bSDtD meafure 
 
 tljent. 13eftDes tljis, tljeir greatnetfe is fucb in one piece , tljat it migbt feeme impolft'ole to mo?ke 
 
 tbem : tbep he mo^eoucr comerco, auQ in colour b lengtb ano b?eaotb fo like, tljat cbe one notbing 
 
 Dirferctb from tbe otijer. djtstbmg maoe bS all to monberberp much. 
 
 ZULU are tuont to cal tbis countrp China,anD tlje people Chineans, but aslong as memerc p?i-- 
 foncrs, not Iiean'ng amongtt tljem at anp time tljat name, 31 Determines to learne Ijom tbep mere 
 eallec: anD afkeo fometimes bp tijem tbereof,fb? tljat tljep bnDerficoD bs not mijen me calico tljent 
 *Chineans,3! anfmereDtbem.tbataltbeitiijabttants oflndia namebtbemChineans,mijerefc?e3l 
 p?aieDtbem tljat tljcpmoulDtelme,fo?mbatoccaG6tljeparcfocaUeD,mbccbcrpcraDuenturtanp 
 citp of tbeirs bare tljat name^ercunto tljep aimapes anfuiereD me,v tljep Ijaue no fucb name.no? 
 euer ljan« 'Cbm sio 3! aike tljem mbst name tlje mbole Countrp bearetb, $ mbat tbep mould an= 
 fmcre being afkco of otbernatiotts mbat ecuutepmen tbep mere "j 3jt mas tolD me tljat of ancient 
 time intljiscountrpfjao bin manp kinojs,(jtbougbp?efentlpitmerealbnDcrone,eebk:ngDomnes 
 uertbcles eniopeD tljat name it Krttljao, tljefekttigDomesaretijepjouincesSl fpake of before, 31n 
 conclttlton tljep faio/bat tlje mbole countrp is calteo Tamen,$ tbeinbabttants Tamegines,fo tbat Tamsnifw 
 tljis name China o? Chineans,ts not beatD of in b countrp, 31 tljinke tljat tbe neemeife of anotljcr Jf aSi a name 
 pjouince tberabout calleo Cochinchina^tbe inljabitattts tberof Cochinefles,firGDifcouereD be= 
 foie China mas Iping not far from Malacca, did giue occaGon to ecbof tbe nations.of that name 
 Chineans.as alfotl;emijole countrp to be names China.i^ut tbeir pjopcr name (s tljat afojeCain, 
 
 Ggg z 3 baue 
 
Poclwn,bj, 
 Picbin. 
 
 •3r&c<t ene- 
 mies. 
 
 Sjjariagc of 
 toefcmgs 
 
 j 6 The iinglifti Voyages, Nauigations^^om ofQhina-,, 
 
 3l buiehearo mojeotter that in ttie Citp of Nanquim reinametb a table of golDjano in it to?tt* 
 ten a kings namc,as a memo jp of that refiotnee the kings toer e toont to keepe there. Cbis table 
 fianDctb in a great pallacc, roiierco altoapes, crcept it be on fome oftrjeir fefliuall Dapcs.at tobat 
 timet!iepare~toonttolctitbe feene.couereDncnerthelcucaBitis, all the nobilitiecf the Cttp go= 
 ingof ottetieto Doe it euerp Dap reuerence. Che like is Done iijtbcbeao cities of all the other. 
 ibires in the pallaces of tbe Ponchiaflini,toberem thefe afo?efaio tables doc Rami tomb tlje lungs 
 name to?itten in them, although no reuerence be Don c thereunto but in folcmne feafles. 
 
 31 baue Iiketoifc bnoerttooD that the Citp Pachin,tobcre the king maketb his aboDe,is fo great, 
 that to go from one Goe to the other, beGoes the Suburbs, the tobtch are greater then the Cttp it 
 felfe.it rcquireth one tobole Dap a bo?fcback, going backnep pafe, %\\ the fttburbs be manp toeal* 
 tbp mar chants of all fo^ts. %\)t? tola me furthermore that it toas moteo about,anD in the motes 
 great 3o?e of GGhtoljereof tvje king maketb great gaines. 
 
 3It toas alfo tolo me that the king of China baD no king to toage battel toitbaII,beGDes the Tar- 
 tars, toith tohom he haD concluocfl a peaceme?e then 8o,peresago, fit uertbcleffe their friend 
 ibip toas not fo gceat.tbat the one nationmigbt marrp toith the otbcr.SnD Demanoing toith tohom 
 thep marricD.tbep faiD.tbac in oloe time the Chinifh kingstoben tbep tooulo marrp their Dauglj- 
 ters,accttaomeDtomafeeafolemnefeatt, tohercunto came all fo?ts of men, Che Daughter that 
 ttastobcmarrtcD, ffooo in a place tohere (he might fee them all, anDlooke tohom uje likeo befl, 
 him DiD ttje cbufe to hufbanD, ano if bappelp he toete of a bafe conDition, hee became bp anu bp a 
 gentleman: but this cuffome bath bene left long Gnce. Jftoto a oapes theking marrieth his Daugh- 
 ters at bis otonepleafure,toitb great men cf tbefcingDomc: the i;ke oject he obferueth in the 
 mafriageofbisfonneS. 
 
 Che? baue mojeouec one thing berp gooo, ano that tohicb maoe bs all to maructle at tljem bc= 
 ing Gentiles: namelp, that there be bofpttals in all their Cittes,altoapes full of people^ toe neuer 
 fato anppoo?e boop begge. G3e therefore af keo the caufe of this: anftuereo it toas,that in euerp 
 Citp there is a great circuit, toherein bemanp houfes fo? poo je people.fo? blinoe,lame,olD folke, 
 not able to trauaile fo? age, no? hauing anp other meanes to liur, Cljcfe folke Ijaue in the afo?e« 
 faio houfes euro plentie of rice During their liues,but no t ting elfe.Swch as be recetueo into trjefe 
 rjoufes,come in after this man er, SHbenoneisficke, blinoeo? lame, be maketb amplication to 
 the Poncbiafli.anD pjoutug that to be true he tojitetb.be rcmaineth in the afo?efaiD great loDging 
 aslongasheuuetb: beGoes this tbep keepe intb^feplacesfaine ano bemtes,tobcrebpthepoo?e 
 be relieucD toithout going a begging, 
 
 3 faio before that China toas full of riuers, but noto a minse to confirme the fame aneto : fo? 
 the farther toe toent tnto the Countrep, the greater toe founo the riuers, Sometimes toe toere 
 fofarre off from the fea> thattohere toe came nofeaGlbbao benefeene, ano fait teas there berp 
 beare,of fteflj toaterfiflb pet toas there great abunoance, ano that 8flj berp gooo: thep keep it goon 
 after this mancr, tQberethe riuers Domeete.anD fopaffeinto the fea, there It'ctb great Go?e of 
 boats, fpcciallp tol;ereno falt-toatercommeth,anDthatin93arrhanDapjil. Cbefcboatesare 
 fo manp that it feemetb toonoerfull, ne feme thep fo? other then to take fmall fiflb, ^5p the riuers 
 Goes thep make Iep?es of fine ano ttrong nettes,that Ipe th?te banDfuls bnoer toater,ano one aboue 
 to keepe ano nouriflj tljtir fifl) in , bntill fuch time as other Gibers do come toith boatcs, b?inging 
 fo? that purpofe certaine great chefls linen toith paper, able to boloe toater , toheretu thep carp 
 their fifh^jp ano ootone the tiuer, euerp oaprenuitig the cheff toith freft) toater, anD felling their 
 fith in euerp Cttp, totone aim billage tohere thep paffe , bnto the people as tbep neeoe it : matt of 
 them baue net Iep?cs to keepe 6th in altoapes fo? their pjouiGon, GHbere the greater boates 
 cannot paffeanp further fo?toaro, thep take ltfler,anDbecaufetbetoboIe Countrep is berp toell 
 toateteD, there is fo great plentp of oiucrs fo?ts of 6(rj , that it is toonoerfull to fee: affureDlp toe 
 toere ama^co to bebolo the maner of their p?ouiGon, Cheir 6(b is cbieflp nouriujen toith the 
 Dung of Stifles ano orcn.tbatgreatlpfattetb it. Although a faio their6fhing to be in Search ano 
 ap?ilattohactimetoefatothemDo it, neuertbeteflc thep tolobs that thep fitben at all times, fo? 
 that bfuallp thep oo feeo on 6fb, toherefo?e it behotieth them to make their pjouiGon continuallp, 
 
 SSlhen tot haD paffeo Fuquien, toe toent into Quicin lbire,tobere tl;e6ne clap bettell is maoe, 
 as 3 faio befo?e : ano toe came to a Citp, the one Goe tobereofis built bpon the foote ofabiO, 
 toherebppaflith a riuernauigable: there toe tooke boat, ano toent bp toater totoaro the §>ea: on 
 ech Goe of the riuer toe founo manp Cities, Cotoncs ano billages, tohereintoe fato great tto?e of 
 marchanDi?e, but fpeciallp of 6ne clap: there oto toe lanD bp the toap to bup uictuals ano other ne= 
 celfaries. ©oing Dotone tljis riuer <§>outhtoaro , toe toere glaD that toee Djeto necre bnto a toar« 
 mer Countrep,from tohence toe hao bene farre Dittant: this Countrep toe paffeo th?ougb in eight 
 oapes,fo? ouriourneplapDotonetbe ffreame. ^efo?etl)ataboefapanpthingoftljatft;iretoe 
 
 came 
 
 Sir fyfahfth 
 not rtfrc of all 
 Cbina,tlUC0f 
 trie <CltieB,fnj 
 in otljtr places 
 tftere be bcg> 
 gece,as pou 
 fjHUefectisaH 
 ItaDHifajflt" 
 mingomof 
 tries. 
 
 tat alt). 
 
 ^cfjjtaftetrjnr 
 Fuquien Ujtte. 
 
T&portiofQhma. TraffiquesandDifcouenes. 77 
 
 tame into, 3 mill firCE fpcake of the grcu-tt Cfcp of Quicin , ttjfgmir atoapcs rcniatnctlj a Futsmj 
 that is a gouecnaur,as pou baue feene,fbougb fome rfitans oo gouerne tteo o? tbjce (hires. 
 
 CbntTucan that mas conoemneDfo? our cattfe, of toljom .3 fpakebcfoje, toas tjojnemttjts 
 Countrep,but he gouerncD Foquicn finite: nothing itjuadepmhup lie fo great an officer. ^l)is 
 CDouutrep is fo great, that in mahp places mbercliic W nt, tljerehao bene as pet no talke of bis 
 Death, although be mere crccuteb a mijo'Jpere befo je. 3t tbe£'.t:e Quanche mijicber lue came, Alis £«*&■■ 
 the rtuer iuas fo great that it fcemcD a &ea , though it lucre fo iitie mijere me tooke matcr,tbat 
 juenecoeafinall boars. One Dap about 9,of the cloche .beginning to tofcinrere the Walls tottb 
 the ttrcame,me came at noon e to a bjioge mabe of maiip barges.otuTlinkeo al together iisfth cmo 
 mig'otieebcines. 'Eherettapeouiemtttllinuaslate.buttoefaTBnotcjicgo either bp thereon oj 
 Dotune, crcept tmo Louteas that about the gang ooiane of tije ^Smime.came ana fet them Dotome 
 therc,cbconc on one Goc, the other on the other Que. Eben teas the bjiDge oyeneo in niaisp $a< 
 ces, ant) barges both great ano fmall to the number of fire hunbjKi began to paffe : tbofe that 
 lBcntbptbcftrcameat oneplace, fuel) as tame somite at another, SHbcn all baB thus fbot the 
 I)?iDge,themuaBit (but bpagaincSLttbeatefap that cucrp Dap the? take tbiso?oetinallp?:ncl» 
 pall places ofmarchanDijC/o^papingoftheCultomebnto the ktng/peciallpfo^falt/ffihereof the 
 great-eft reuenues.are maoe that the king hath in thisCounttep, ^(jepaflagcsof tbebjtDge sr&ipigl 
 inhere it is openeo, be foneerc tlje (hoare, that notbingranpatremtcbouc touching the fame. Co rtucnaes ' 
 flap the barges at cbeirple»fure,that thep goe no further fojmaro, arebfeb certaineironinStu* 
 mencs. &bs bjioge confiiletb of 1 1 2,barges, there GapeD toe bncill the euening tbattbcp mere 
 openco, lotbfoinelp oppjetfeD bp the muUituBc of people that came to fee bs, fo manp in number, 
 that me mere enfojeeo to go &fioe from the banke bntill fuch time as the b?ioge teas openeb: how 
 bett toe mere neuertheleffc th jongeo about ttntb manp boatee full of people. 9no though in o* 
 tber Cities ario places tobereme toent.tb'e people came fo importunate bpon bs, that it mas . 
 KeetifuUtoluit59?aluourfelue]S:pctljuereuJeheremuchmojemolel!eDfo?thenumbcrcfpecpIe: 
 Stbis bjtoge is the pjfncipallbiapout of tbeCitte bnto anoeberplacc fo boel inbabiteD,tbat mere 
 it lualle d about,it might be comparro to the Ct'tfe, MJben me IjaD fhot the bjioge, lue kept along 
 theCttie until it boas nigbt,anD then met me mitb an other rtuer that t'opneo mitb this.tnc romeo 
 top that bp the malls bntill me tame to anotbft b?ibgc gailantlp mace of bargeg,but Ieffer ,a great 
 Deale then that other fytsge ouer t\)z greatecftreame;bereGapeD me that night, ano other tmu 
 napes mith moje quiet/being out of the pjeafiV of the people, Ctjeferitters Do meet mithout at 
 one comer point of the Cttp, 3n either of them mere to manp barges great ano fmalljtbat me all 
 thought tbemat the IeaG to be aboue tbjec thoufanDrtljc greater number thereof mas fn the lefTet 
 riuer.mhere me mere, amongtt the reS here Up certaine greater bcfTelSstalteD in their language 
 Parai^bacferuefcjtbcTutanjiiibenbe takethhts bopage bp other riuers that iopne mith this, Par * 
 tomaros Pachin,mhcre the king makcth his aboce, tfa}, as manp times 3 ha«e ettt fat'D, all this 
 Countrep is full of riuers. DeOrouis to fee thofe Parai me got into fome of them.mhere me fonno 
 fome chambers fet foo^thmith gilocobeDs bcrprtcblp.,otberfurmujeo mttlj tables ano feats,ano 
 all other things fb neat ano in perfection, that it mas monberfull. 
 
 Quiacim fljire.as farre as 3 can perceiue, Iicth bpon the ©outtj, ©n that ffoe me kept at oat 
 firtt entrpthereinto.trauapling not farre from the higl; mountainesmefam there, Sfkingmhat 
 people omelletlj beponn thofe motmtatnes,it mas tolo me that tljep be theeues s mm of a Orange 
 language, 3nb becaufethat bnto funD?p places necrethtsriucr the'mountamesbocappjochi 
 tohentt tlje people iffuing eomne Domanp times great harme^ljis ojoet is taken at the entrp into 
 C^uiacim fijire. ^So guarD this rtuermhereon continuallp go to $ fro Parai great $ fmall fraught 
 toitl) falt,fi(h pouDjrD mithpeper,ano other ncceflaries fo^that countrep,thep do lap in Diuers pla- $m penteui 
 ces certaine Parai,anD great barges armeD.mbmn match ann marn is kept Dap ano night on both to '** ie » et ' 
 Doesof the riuer,fo? the fafetpof the paffage^fecutitic of fuel; Parai as Doremainethere,thoug^ 
 the trauailers ncuer go but manp in companp, 3n euerp robe there be at the leatt t(jictie,tnfome 
 tmohu«D?eD men,astbepaa"agerequireth. €hts guarois kept bfuallpbntil! pou come to the 
 Citp Onchio, mhere continuallp the Tutanoftbisfl)ire, ano tkeofCantan,inakcthhtsab8De. 
 St torn that CitpbpmarD,mbere theriuer marethmoje narrbm,anD the paffage mo?eDangercus, 
 there be aimapes armeb onehunbjeD anD fiftie Parai, to accompanp other beffels fraught mit^ 
 marchanDi5e,anD all this at the Sings charges, Chis feetriec to me one of the Grange!! thingsil 
 btDfccmtbisCountrrp, 
 
 SHht« melapatFuquien.meDt'Dfee certaitie Moores, mho kncmfolitle of their ferte, that 
 thep coulo Tap nothing elfc but that Mahomet mas a Moore, mp father mas a Moore, anb 3 am 
 aMoore,mithfome ether mojbes of their Alcoran, mheremithait in abfitnencefrom fmmes 
 fielb,t!jcp}tuebnttU the ofuel take them ali^ljis mbcn3 fam^ bcingfurethaf in manp Chinifh 
 
 Ggg 3 ' cHitt 
 
78 The Engiffh Voyages,Nauigations, "Reports ofChina-j. 
 
 
 <E>reatH)iy2 
 camming 
 
 from tlic 
 
 S*8jtb. 
 
 temples. 
 
 Tt Qjonlt) 
 Teeme lip there 
 liopflgttobe 
 Cardandaa in 
 Orcchus. 
 
 c5> 
 
 ajaojtuctne 
 
 3tfeemetB 
 the; came up 
 tlitmuc from 
 the Caspian fca. 
 3fit Cacan, 
 Kmrts oiirt' 
 ftofen in China. 
 
 Ali.Auoins 
 
 Tartars. 
 
 Mount Vlbnt. 
 
 Mojoics. 
 
 Wttoteof 
 great pjice in 
 
 China. 
 
 Bramei, 
 
 Cities the reiiques cf Mahomet arc Kept , as foone as toe came to the >£itp toljere tljefe fellotoes 
 be,31 enfourmea mp feife of tbtm,anb learncn t(jt trueth, 
 
 •Shefe Moores, as tbep tolac me, in times paft came in great (I)ips fraught niitfj marchanbife 
 from Pachin toaro , to apo?t grauteb Dnto them bp tbeking, as bee ts toont to all tljem tbattraf- 
 fiqtte into this Countrep, tobcre tbep being arrmcb m alitlc ketone Uanbing in the bauens 
 momb.humie conuerteb bnto their fret the greateR LoWa there, &I1ljcn that Loutea toitb all 
 bis familp toas become JVlooiifh.tljereilbegan Iiketoife to doc the fame. In this part of China 
 t'oc people be at liucttie.cnerp one to toojfljip anb foloto tuljat him liketlj beB.523 hetefcne no boop 
 tooke IjceD tberrro.bnuUfitch time as tije Moores percelumg that manp follotaeb tljem in fuper* 
 fi:t;on ; anDt!)attt)eLouteafatmureDtIiem,tbepbegan tofo?biDto!)olptbeeiit!ngoffijfline0fletb» 
 XSut all tljefe countrepmenaub toomen cbofing rather to fojfake father aim mothcr,thcnto leaue 
 effcatifrg of pojlc.bp no meanestoouio peels to that proclamation, jfo? befibes the great befire 
 thep alihaue to eatctljatkmoeof meatcmanp of tbemoo Uuetljctebp : anb therefore tbe people 
 camplair.cD bnto the S^agillrates.accutmg the Moores of a confpiracie pjctcinjca be'ttotrt them 
 ami the Loutea againtt their king. 3!nthiscountrep,as nofufpittort.nonot one traf teratts Ujo jo 
 is long bo:ne toitija'I.fo toas the king fpcebilp abttertifeb tljcrccf,lpljo cjaue commanbemrnt out 
 of banrj tljat the sfojefam Loutea (boulD be put toaeatb, anb toith him the Moores of molf impoj» 
 tauce: theotbei- to be lapbe firB in pjtfon, ann aftertoatb to be fent abjoab into certatne Cities, 
 toljere thep remaincbperpctuairflaucsbnto the king. €.otbts Citp came b^ bappc men anb too« 
 men thjcefcoje ano obDe,toho at this bap are brought to Sue men ano fcttre t»omen,fo? it is noto 
 ttoentp pecres f!ncct!ji3 happeneb. ^hciroffpn'ngpafleuj the number of tuio hunbjctb.anb tbep 
 in thisCitp, as the rett in other Cities tohither tbep toere fent,ljaue tbeir*Mofcheas , tobcrcunto 
 tbep all refojt euerp tf rinap to kecpe their bolp Dap. ,i3ut, as 31 tbinfcc, that toill no longer en* 
 Dutc,tbentohi5csthepboe litie that came from thence, fo? their pofleritieisfo confufcB.tbattbcp 
 haue nothing of a Moore in them but abflinence from.ftyines fleflj, anb petmanp of them ooe eate 
 thereof pjiuilp. ^Ijep tell mee tljat tlje tc natitie Counjf cp tjatlj name Camaiian, a fitmelanb, 
 therein be manp kings, ana the IndifhcountreptoellknoiMenbnto them. 3Itmap fobe:fo?as 
 foone as tljcp oia fee our feruants( our feruantstoere Prcuzaretes)thep ittogeo tljemtobeln- 
 diansimanp of their mopes fouiiDEDbpontbe Periiantbnpe,butnoneof bs coulbe btiberCann 
 ' tbem. 31 afieb them bihetber thep conuerteb anp of the Chinifh nation bnto their fecte: tljep an» 
 fmercb mee, tbattoith much a boe thep conuerteb the toomentoitbtohom thep aoemarrp.petl* 
 Ding me no otljec caufe tljcreof , but the bifficultie thep tinbe in them to be brought fromeating 
 Tmines fleilj ans blinking of tuine, 31 am perftoabeb therefore, that if tljis Countrep toere in 
 league toith bs,fojbibbing them neither of both,it lDoulD be an eafie matter to Djato them to ouc 
 3HeIigian,from tijeir fuperflition,>tDhf teat thep tljemfelttes bolaugb boljen thep bo their ibolatrp. 
 
 31 haue leatneomojeouer that the <&ea,m!;erebp tbefc Moores that came to China toere luont 
 f o trauaile.,10 a berp great gulfe,that fallcth into this Countrep out from Tartaria anb Perfia,lea* 
 uing on the orljer ftbc all tl;e Countrep of China, anb lattb of the Mogores, bjatoing altoapes to e 
 toaro the Boutin anb of all likelpljoob it is euen fo,becaufe that thefe Moores, the tohich toe haue 
 feene.beratherbjotonetljentoljitctoherebptljepiisjetoethemfelues to come fromfome toarmec 
 Countrep then China is ncere to Pachin,tohere theriuers are frofen in the GUintec fo? colbe, ano 
 manp of them fo behctneMlp,tbat carts map parte ouet tljem. 
 
 ciaje biD fee in tljiS €itk manp Tartars, Mogores, Brames, anb Laoynes, both men anb too* 
 men, 3Ehe Tartars are men berp tobite, goob ho?femen anb archers, confining toitlj China on 
 that fioetobere Pachin flanbeth, feparateo from thence bp great mountaines tljat are bettoijee 
 the(e kingbomes. ©uer them be certatne toapes to patTe, anb fo? botlj Gbes,CaflIcs continuallg 
 kept toitlj gjoulbicrs : in time pad the Tartars toere toont altoapes te haue toarrcs toitlj the 
 Chineans, but thefe fottrcfcojc pcerejs paff tljcp tnerequtet, tinttlltbe fecono peereofour tmpji« 
 fonment. ^Ije Mogores be in like manet toljite,anb heathen,toe are abuertifeb tbat of one Hoe 
 tljep bo jocrbpon thefe Tartars, anb confine totth the Perfian Tartars ontlje otljectltie, tohereof 
 toeefatoe in tljem feme tokens , as t'jeir matter of clothes, anb that kinbe of hat the Saracens ooe 
 toeare. ®lje Moores afftrmeb, that toheret^e king Ipetlj, there be manp Tartars anb Mogo- 
 res, that bjougljt into China tert;:ine bletoes of great baltte i all toe thought it to be Vanilof 
 Cambaia toont to befolo at Ormus. g>otbst thisis tlje true Stuatton of tljat Countrep, not in 
 the3i5o}thpatts,asmanp times 31 haue l;earcfap,cotifinii!gtoithGennanie. 
 
 9sfo? the Brames toe haue feene in this citp Chenchi certatne men tj toomen.amongfl tohom 
 there toasone that came not long fince , hauing as pet her baire tieb bp after the Pegues fafljion: 
 tlnstooman^nbothe^ mo toithtohom a black Mooreuamfel in our companphab conference,am> 
 Din bnoetaano them toclpnougb,baD Dtoelt in Pegu. Fiji's neto come toomah, imagining tljat toe 
 
 men* 
 
Reports of Qoina. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 79 
 
 mem to make our aboce m that citie, bio us to be of gooo comfort, fc? that Ijcc countrrp toas not 
 
 Buant from thmce aboue ftue capes iournep,nno that out of her count i cp there lap a biglj toap fo? 
 
 D6 horn: into out otone, "Scingafkeo tijc toap, fljeanf ujcmd that the firft tb?ce oases the toap lieth 
 
 oner certainc great mouncaines (ttotlDcinciTc.aftcitoai'D peopleare met toithall agatne.'Ojcnce 
 
 tu;o capes iotirnrp mo?c to tb^Bramescounci'Ep.tffiljerefoje jooe conduce, that Chenchits feomDujarD 
 
 otte ofttje con&ncs of this kingootne/eparatcobp certamc huge mount*pes,a£ itbatbbcncalrea- [o"'^™' 1 '' 
 
 tiic fato,tb.it Ixout totoaros the s§>out(j.Iin the retime of tljcfcmouutaincs ttanocth tije p?ouincc 
 
 Of SiarijtbeLaoynscouiltrep.Camboia^CampaajailOCochinchina. Auolni 
 
 tShisritie.ci/iefeof other firtcene, ia fituateo in a pleafanc plaint abounoinginall things ne* thencM. 
 ccflarie, fea-fitb onelp ercepteo , fo? tt ftanceth farrefrom the fca : of frcflj fifb fo much tlo;ie, 
 that the market places are ncuer emptie. dje toalles of this citie arc Mrp lirong ano high : 
 . one Dap eio 3i fee the Louteas thereof go l>pon tlje toalles to take the bieto the reof,bo jnc in their 
 feates tobtch % fpake of bcfo?e,accompanico toitb a troupe of ho?fcmen tl;at toe tit ttoo aim ttoo: 
 3ft toas toloe me thep might haue gone tb?ec? th?ee, (SHe hitte ft cue m;!?eouer,tbat toitljin this 
 nfojcfapoeCttie the fentg batbmoe then a thoufance of his kinne loogeo in great pailaccs , in 
 Duterfe partes of the Cttie: their gates be recce , ano th? cittrie into their boufes,that tfjcp 
 map be knotocn, fo? that is tlje kings colour, €J)efe (Sentlcmen , acco?cing to tljeir ncere* 
 nelTc in blooc totto tlje king, as foone as thep be marricc rcceiue tijet'e place in honour: this place; 
 neither tncteafeth no? oiminitljctb in anp refpect as long as the king liuefb, tlje king appointed) 
 them their mines ano familie , allototng them bp the moneth all things neceffarie abitnoant* 
 Ip , as Ije both to his gouentottrs of fljtres ano Cities , hotobeit, not one of t hefe hath as long 
 ashe Ituech anp charge o? gotternement at all. "Cljcp gitie tbemtelucs to eatmg ano chinking, 
 ano be fo? the mou part bttrlp men of booie,t!uomttcb thatefppinganpone ef them tobom toe 
 Jjac not fecne bcfo?e , toe might knotoe Ijt'm to be the JSingbis cofin. ©hep be netterthelciTe 
 tierp pleafant, courteous, ano faire conoitioneo : neither oio toe fine , all tlje time toee toere in 
 that citie.fo much honour ano gooo intcrtainement anp tohere as at tljeir bancs. ©hep biobs 
 to tljeir boufes to estc ano 0?inke,anD toljcn thep founD bs not,o? toe toere not toilling to go toitb 
 tljcm , thep bio our feruantsano flaues,caufiug them to fie ootone toitlj thefiril. j!2ottotthiIanOs 
 ing tije gooo looging tljefe (Semlcmcn hatte,fo commooious that thep toant nothing , pet arc thep 
 t:uhi5bonoagc,that curing life thepneuergoe ab?oao. ©he caufe.as 31 Die bnoerttano, Inhere* 
 fo;e the king fobfedj bis cotins is .tljatnoneoftijcmac anp time maprcbell againttljim : ano 
 tljttsljeujuttctljthcmuptntljjee o?fottreotljcr cities, spottoftljemcanplaponthe lute, ano 
 to mske thac kince of paflime peculiar bnto them onelp , all other in tlje cities tohere thep coe 
 line be fo?bisoen tbac inflrutnent , tlje Curtifans ano blinoe folke onelp ercepteo , toljo be muti-- 
 ciansanocanplap. 
 
 %\>iz king furttjrrmo?e,fo? tlje grcaterfecurttt'e of his Kealme ano tlje auopot'ng of tumults, 
 lettethnotoneinallrjis.countrepto be calleo Lo?o:,erceptljebeofbis blooo. spanie great 
 e2ates ano gouernaurstljecebe 3 thatouring tljeir office areIoogeolo?olikc,anDOoebearcthe 
 po?tofintg!j:tep?inccs: but thepbefotnanp times otfplaceoano otljcr placeoaueto,tljatthep; 
 Oatteuottlje time to become co?rupt. ©rue it is that curing their office thepbetoell p?oui-- 
 Beo fo? , as aftertoarc alfo loogeo at the kings charges, ano in pention as long as thep liue, 
 papco tljemntonethlp ia the cities tohere thep otoellbpcer.tatne officers appointee fo?tljat pur» 
 pole, ©he king then is a io?o onelp , not one befioes h«n as pou Ijatie feene , ercept it be fitch 
 as be of his blooc. SI iftephcto liketoife of tlje king , the kings fillers fonne , Ipeth continually 
 toitljin tlje toallcsof the citie in a ttrong pallace built CaWetoife, eucn as [it's otljcr coufins Co, 
 remapning alto apes toitljin ooo?cs, Terueobp Cunuches, neuer Dealing toitb anp matters. 
 On their feCiuaUcapcs, neto moones,? full moones the magiflrates make great bankets, ano 
 fo do fuel} as be of the king his blooo. %l)C kings jQepheto hath to name Vanfuli , his pallace is 
 toalleo about, the toali is not high but foute-fquare, ano in circuit nothing inferiour to the toals 
 of Goa, the outfioe is paintec reo, in euerpiqttare a gate, ano ouer each gate a totoer mace of tim» coa i B a ctt? of 
 berercellentlp toelltojotight : befo?e the p?incipall gate ofthefoure that openeth into the high {jJJeSaS! 
 ureetenoLoutea J beheneuerfogreat ) mappairconljo?febacke,o? carrico mljisfeat. 3mioft 
 tljis quaozangle Sanoetij tlje pallace tohere that ji2obleman Ipeth , Boubtleffc too?tlj the fight,al> 
 though toe came not in to fee ir.Tfip repo?t the roofes of the totoers ano Ijoufe are glafeo greene, 
 ttbegreaterpartofthequaDjangIcfettoithfauagetrees,as©kes,C[je(Iniits,Cpprcu"e,lpine« 
 apples, Cccnrs, ano otljcr fuch like that toe do toant,afterthemannerof atoooo, toljereinare 
 kept &tiigs, ©cen, anc other JieaCs, fo?tljat io?o Ijis recreation neuer going ab?oao as 31 Ijaue 
 fapo. ©nep?e!^minencethiscttteljathabottetheretttoljeretoehauebene,fthatfifrtght,astoe 
 oo thinke,that befioes the mtiltituoe of market plates tohereiualltljings are to be folo tfa?ough 
 
8o The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, ^Reports of Japan. 
 
 euerp tirecte coiumuallp an crpeo all things ncce&irp , as fleflj of all fo?tes , iceilM) , pearlies, 
 Dplc^tiifgerjmcalCjnttun fumma, alttbingsfo plntcifttllj' , tljat manp Ijoufcs nceoe no fer» 
 isaMs.tuerp thing being b?ougl;t to tljeir ooo?cs. t^ott part of the matcbant? rciname in the 
 fuburbes, fo? that the cities are (but Up euerp nigljt,as 31 Ijaue Capo . ©be marcbants there to?e, 
 the better to attcno tljdr buftnclTc, do cljnfc ratljer to mahe tljeir.abnoe toitijoKt in the ftibtirbes 
 then toiihin the citie, 3 bane feme in this riuer ap?etiekinDeof ml):ng,not:a be omitted in 
 odcik f. mp opinion, ano tbcrefo?e 3i toil! fet itootune, Peking batbin manp ruiers poo tio?e of bar« 
 ttts'sfiijtiiie. ges full of fca-crotocg thatb?ecDe, arefeDDe, anD Doe Die therein, in ccrcaine cages, allotoco 
 monetblp a certaine p?ouiGon of rife* ©befe barges the king beflotoctb bpon bis grratcll ma* 
 glftrates, giuing to fome ttoo, to fonie tb?ee oftijetn as be thinketb gooo , to fifb cberctoithail af* 
 tec this manner* 3lttbehoureappointcDtofifl;,alItbc barges are fyougljc together inacircle, 
 inhere theriucrisfbaloto, anD the ccotocstpea together bnoer the toings areletleapeDoume. 
 ituothe toater,fometoiDcr,fome aboue, tooo?tb the looking bpon : eactj one, ns he bath filleo bis 
 baggc, gocth to lus otone barge anD emptietb it, tobtcb bone, tjercatrnetlj to mrj againe. ©bus 
 bailing taken gooo 2o?e of fiflj , thep fet tlje crotoes at Ubertir, anD do ftrffer tbtm to filb foj their 
 ctone pleafurc, VLbm lucre in that citie tobere 3) urns, ttoetttic barges at t!;c lean of tbefe &> 
 fo?efapo croUocs. 31 toent almoft euerp Dap to fee them, pet cotilu31«cucrbe tbjougbip fatiffieo 
 to fee lb ttcange a kino of tHbing* 
 
 Of the Hand Japan , and other litle lies in the Eaft Ocean. 
 
 By R. Wtlles. 
 
 & -y&eg&i-te iOz ertreame part of the knotoentoojlotontobs is the noble Jlano Giapan, 
 ^SSl HCH» njjitten otljcrtoife IaponanD lapan. 'Cbis'jflanD QanDetb/n tbe<£aft ©ce* 
 'm, an \ beponD all Afia , bettoirt Cathayo anD the flUefl Indies fire anD tbirttc Dt« 
 ja gree'js j!33?tbtoarD from tlje (Equinoctial line,in the fame dime toitb the «i>out(j 
 * part of Spaincano Portugall.Dillant from thence bpfeafiretljouranDleaguest 
 ^ the traunile thither ,botb fo? ciuill cifcojrj , great pp?acie,anD often Qjipto?ack!& 
 is betp Dangerous . ©his countrep ts„billie anD petteeeD tottb fnoto, toherefo?e it is neither fo 
 toatmc as Portugal 1, no? pec fo toealtbp , as fat as toe can learne , toanting ople, btttter,cheefr, 
 itulke, egges , fugar, faotmp, bineger, fafffon, cpnamora anD pepper, a5arlep-b?anne the 
 2lanoers Doebfc mfteaDof faltimeDictnabletljings holfomefojtljeboDiebauetbepneneataU. 
 jQeuertljcIefre in tbat31latu)funDjp fruiteg Doe grotoe, not much unlike the fruites of Spainc; 
 SJreattiBieof anD ^ est ^ e of '^Uuer mpncsatetljeretnto be feenc* Clje peoplearetractable,ciuiII,toittie, 
 iuK mp«. courteous, luitbout Deceit , in uerttic anD boneQ conuerfation erceeDing all other nations Iatrlp 
 Oifcottetf D, but fo much Canaing bpon their reputation, that the ir chtcfe 3(oole map be thought 
 lonour. ©he contempt thereof caufeth among them much DifcojiD anD Debatr,manu>,ughtcr ano 
 mttrtber s eucn fo? their reputation thep Doe honour their parents , keepe their p?omifc0, ab* 
 itteinc from aDulterie! ana robberies, pumibtng bp Death the leaff robberp DoneAolbtng fo? a p?in* 
 ciple,tbattohofoenecllealetl)atrifle,totll, tfhefeeoccalion,fleale agteater tljing, SJtmapbe 
 theft is fo Ceuerelp ptmiflbeo of them , fo? that tlje nation is oppjeffeD toith fcarcitie of all things 
 necellarp, anD fopoo?e, that euen fo? miferietbepCranglethetrotonechtlD?cn,p?eferriugDeatb 
 befo?e toant, ©befe fellotoes Doe neither eate no? kill anp foule, ©hep Ituc cbicfelp bp fifl;, 
 bearbes.ano fruttcs.fo healtljfulIp.tljattbepDiebcrpolD, ©fKice ano iKBbcat there is no great 
 flo?e. Ba man is afljameo there of bispouertie.neitfoer be their gentlemen tberefojeleffe ho« 
 nauccDoftbcmcanerpeoplejneitbet toill the poo?eGgentlemSn there match his thiloe toith the 
 bafer fo?t fo? anp gaine, fomuch thep Do make mo?e account of gentrp thenof mslt\}M^t grea» 
 teflDeligi)tt!?epha'.ie ieinarmour.eacbbopatfourtecnepeercsof age, be be bo?ne gentle o?o* 
 thcttot(e,ba!hi)tsfUio?o ano Dagger :berp gooo archers thep be, contemning all otljer nations 
 incomparifonoftheirmanhooD anD p?otoetfe,putttng notbp one iniurie be tt neuer fo fmafl 
 in too?oe.o? dccdc, among themfelues. Cbep fecDemoDcratelp , but thep D?inkelargelp,©ljc 
 toTe of bines thep kitotoe not, their D?inke thep make of Slice, btterlp thep Doe abbo?re Dice, ana 
 all games, accounting nothing mo?e bile in a man, then to giuehimfelfe onto thofe things that 
 mauebs greecp ano oefirous to get other mens goobs, 3)f at anp time thep Do ftoeare,fo? that fel* 
 Dome tf)£P aretoont toDoe,tbcpftocarebptbe§>unne: manp of thtm are taught gooo letters, 
 ttherfo?e thep map fo much tbefooner beb?ougljt bnto Cfe?iflianitie.€ach one is contenteo toitfa 
 one toife: thep be all DeGrous to learner naturallp inclintn bnto honeCp » courtcfie: goblp talkc 
 thepMenbniotoiUing[p J efpfcial<ptohetbepbnDcraanDitth?oughlp©hewgt>Ker n n i ctcoCiIcth 
 of ? efiates, ©he 6rC place ts sue bnto t^e btfif) i^jtefl, bp toboft latoes 9 Decrees all publike ano 
 
 p?iuate 
 
1 — — - -- II II II I 
 
 ^Reports offapan.Traffiques and Difcoueries. 81 
 
 pnuate matters nppcrMfning to religion are DmoeD.^DtjefcctBottlicictlEtgtemeiijliiljomtljep 
 coe call Bonzi, be ofno efiimacion o) autbontie ercepc the high ip?teft bp letters patent Doe coif 
 finite the fame: be confirmed) ana allotted) of their Tundi .mhabcasit mcrel5ifl)op8,altbough 
 in manp places thep are nominateDbplunDjplpjinrrs. Chefe Tundiare greatlp bonoureoof 
 all fojts : t ep ooc giue benefices bnto infenour nunillers,ano do grant licences foj manp tilings 
 as (o eate flelbbpon thofcDapcstbep goc in pilgrimage to their JiOolesiBitb fucb like pjiuileges. 
 jfinnllp, tljis Ijtgt) p?rcfltuant cobechofemnChina fojhtsaitfeDomeana learning, maDe in 
 Iapan fo? bis cremrp anD b'.rtb, hath fo large a Dominion ana rcuemiesfo great.tbatefcfoncsbe 
 beaded) the pet ie Sings ano Winces there. 
 
 . Cijcir fecono pimctpal S£agt(irate, in tbeir language Vo, is the ehiefe l^erehaught , maac bp 
 fucccfiion ana birti),l)anoarcD as a <£oo. Chis (gentleman netier toucbrtlj the grouno toitb his 
 footeUHtboutfojfattingofbis office, be neuergocthatyoaa ctttofbtshoufe, no? is at all times 
 to be fecne. 5 1 home he is either carrieu about in a litter, ojt els he goctb in tuooaoeu Choppincs 
 a foote h'Sh from the grouno : common!? be fittccb in his erjairc tottb a f bjo?o fn one fioe , ana a 
 bom ana arrotoes in the other , ncr t bis boaie he Uieareth blacke, his outtoata garments be rea, 
 allfbaao&eo oucr touch <2D?p?eu"e,at bis cappehangcertainc ILambeaurmucb Ijkeuntoa Bi« 
 (hops Suiter, his foieheao is painteo toihite ana ren . he eate tk his meat in earthen aifbes. Cbis 
 ItJerehaught actermincth in all Iapan the niuerfe titles of honour, torjercof in that liana ts 
 great plcntie , each one particularly knotocn b)> his baoge , commonlp feene in fealtng bp their 
 letters , ana Daplp altcrea accojamg to their Degrees, about this Vo euetp jIMIe man ijath his 
 Soliciccr, fo j the nation is fooeSrousofpjaife ano honour, that tbcp firiue among tbcmfclucs' 
 mho map bjibe him befl. Bp tbefe mea-nes the l^erehaugbt gromecb fo rich , th.it although bee 
 haue neither lana no? anp reueuues othertoife, pet map he be accounteo the UiealtbieS man in all 
 Iapan. jfo? ti)?ec caufes this great Spagiffcate map loofehis office : firflyf he touch, the grouna 
 luutj his footc, as it hath beene alreaoie fain : nert, if he Rill anp bcap : tbiralp, if he be f otino n« 
 enemie bnto peace ana quittnette, hanibeit neither of tbefe afozefaia caufes is fuBlcient to put 
 btm to Death. 
 
 Cbeir than ehiefe officer is a 3!uDge, Ijis office tg to take bp ano to enti matters in controuer* 
 fie, to Determine af marres ano peace, that tohick he thinketh right ,to punifb ret els, ttiberrtn he 
 map commauiw the noble men taatTiG htm bpon paine of forfeiting their gnoas : neuertbeleue at 
 all times he is not obepea, foj that manp matters are enoeo rather bp might ano annes , then ac- 
 rerminea bp laiu, ©tb:r comrouerttes are dccidcd either in the Cempojall Court , as it feemetfj 
 gooa bnta the Ipzmres, o? in the Spiritual! ccnGfioiie before the Tundi, 
 
 Hebeiles arc erecutca in this manner .efpeciallp if thep be noble men o? officers. Che kmg 
 looke tohac oap he giuetb fentence agatnCanp one , the fame Dap the partie.uihcrefbeuer he be, is 
 aauertifea thereof anotbeoaptclabimofhiserecucion. Cije coinemneo perfon affect!) of the 
 metTengecbjhcthcr itmapbeelatofullfo? htmtoktllhimfelfe: the aihtch thing toJbcnt&efcmg 
 soetrj graunt, the part it- taking it fo? an honour, ptitteth on his bell appacell ana leunefttg lii 
 boop a croffe from the b lead oonine all the beilp, murthcrctlj hiuifelfe. Chis kino of Death tfjep 
 take toben)!thPUtinfamie,neitberDoetheirchtlD?enfo; their fathers crime fopum(beD,loofe 
 their gooas. "Butiftljr king refettte them to be erecuteD bj> the hangman , then flocket h he toge* 
 therhischi'Djfn.tjisferuantSjanDfrtenDShometohishoufe, topjcftruehislife bpfojee, Che 
 king committetb the fetching ofbimout bntohtschiefeauage.toljofirflfettcth bpon htmttitlj 
 beu) ana arrotee3, ano aftertoara toith pikes ano fwojas, bntill the rebell ano all bis familp be 
 flaine to their perpetual! ignominieano fljame, 
 
 Che 3nate-m?itcrs make mention of fune?p great cities in this 31lana, as Cangoxima a h" a« 
 ucn totune in the &outh part tljereof , ana Meaco otflant from tljence tfnee huno?ea leagues 
 no?thbjara,theropallfcatof thekinganomollujealthpofallothertotonestntbatalana. %be 
 people thereabout are berp noble, ana their language the belt Iaponifh, jn Meaco arefapa to 
 be tunctiethoufanDe houfes mhabicea anbbpujaro, a famous fllniuerfitte, anBinitfiuep?inct!Jall 
 Colleges, bcGaes clofes 8f clopttcrs of Bonzi, Leguixil,ano Hamacata,that iSjl^nevts.^onks 
 ana Amines. ©therfiuenotableClniuertities there be in Iapan, namelp,Coia,Negru,Homi, 
 Frenoi.anoBandu. ChefirfifourehaueuuhemattbeleaGtbjeetboufanof fiuehuna?eafchoI= 
 lers : in the fift are manp mo t fa} Bandu p?ouince is berp great ana poffeffeo lnitb Ore pjitnces, 
 fine mhereof are baffals unto the firt, pet he bimfelfe fubiect bnto the Iaponi diking ,bfuallp cal= 
 lea the great king of Meaco: letter fcholes there be manp in aiuers places of this 3Hanoe, 9no 
 thus much fpe ciallp concerning this glon'otts 3ilana,among fo manp barbarous nations ana ruae 
 regions, haue 3 gatberea together in one fumme.outof funa?p letters tojitten from thence into 
 Europc,bpn3 leue faithful! repojters than famous trauellers. ^oj confirmation to6erof,aSa!fo 
 
 fo? 
 
1 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 82, The EnglifhVoyageSjNauigations/^o^j-o/y^w. 
 
 fo j tlje knotoleDge of otuer tljmgs not comepneD in tlje p?enuffes,toe curious reaocrs map pcmfe 
 t!3cfe4UoUa«csofIndianmattcrsto)?!ttcnion5apin3!tahan,atiDof!atecompenDtoufipn!aDe 
 
 PcttusMiffcius lattne,bpPecrusMafFeiusmpolDeafqMatntfDfnEnD,eiUitUlingCljcf«inc, De rebus laponicis, 
 
 detebw iap . £, n£ ^ji JO j C i etteE D[ , £ f t i, e fiftbooke tljcreof , fpc ciallp mtreating of that cotmtrcp , % baue Done 
 into €ngluij too?D to? too?o m fuclj toife as follotoctlj, 
 
 MoifiM Froes to his companions in fefus Chrift that remaine 
 
 in China and India. 
 
 TEjJelattpeerc, ware b?et[)?cn,3i to?ote unto pou from Fir andojhoto Cofmus Turrianus ban 
 appoiuteDmetotrauailetoMeacotoljtlpe Gafpar Vikla, foj tljatcljtrc ibebarticfl toas 
 great,ttje labourers feto, ano tljac 31 IboulD bane fo? mp companion in tljat k urncp Aloifius Al- 
 meida.jt fecmeclj noto mp pattljauing bp the beipe of (Soo enoeo fo long; a boiagc,to fignifie btu 
 to pou bp letter fuel) ttjtngs fpeciallp as J migbt tbmkc pou tooulD mofl ocligbt to knoto.ano be* 
 caufe at tvje beginning Almeida ana 3 fo parteo tlje toljole labour of touting letters bettoirt bs, 
 tljat be fljoulD fprake of our bopage, ano fucb tbmgs as IjappeneD tljcrcin, 3 fbculo make relation 
 of tlje Meachians eflate, j to?ite toljat 3 cottlo tocll leatnc of tbe lapans maners ano conditions: 
 feuingafioe all Difcourfes of our bopage, tbattobicbttanDetljmeimon j mill Diftbarge in tbis 
 <i£pi3Ie, tljat pou conBoeringljoto artificiallp, bote cunninglp,tonDer tlje p?ctert of religion, tbat 
 craftie abuerfarp of mankino leaned ano D?atuetrj bnto pcroition tbe IapamfhrninDes, bliuoeB 
 toitb inanp fuperHitions ano ceremonies, map tlje mo?e pitie this Ration. 
 
 ■&betn!jabitersof Iapan, asmentbat ncuer rjea greatlp to Doe liiitlj otljcr jSatian&intbeic 
 (SeograpbpDiuioeD tbe toljole ton?lo into tb?ecparts,Iapan,Sian,atiD China, ano albeit tbe la- 
 pans receiueo out of Sian ano China tbeir fuperftictons anD ceremonies, pet do tbep ncuertbcleUe 
 contemne all otljer nations in compartfon of tbemfelucs, ano llanDtng in tljeir otune concette Doe 
 far pjeferre tljemfelucs before all otljer fojts of people in toifeocme ano policie, 
 
 •Eoucbing t Ijr Scuation of tlje ccuntrep ano nature of tlje fople, bnto tlje tbings cftfoonrs ertt 
 luj!tte»,tljiso!ietbing3i iBilaone:iuttjcfe 3lanDS,tbelommerto bemottbot.tlje tointercrtreme 
 colo,3|n tlje kingaome of Canga, as toe call it.falletb fo muclj fnoto,tl;at tlje boufes being burico 
 in it, tbcinljauitants kerpctoitbtn Doojes certainemonetbsof tbe pcere, bauingno toap tocome 
 foo?tlj ercept tljcp b?eakc bp t!je tiles, ft[JtjitletoinDCS( mofl bebement , earthquakes fb common, 
 tbat ibc lapans D?eao fucbkmc of feares litle o? notljing at aWMhc countrep is ful of filuer mineg 
 otbertoife barren, not lb mucfj bp fault of nature,as tb?ougb tlje ncutljfulnelTe of tlje inhabitant^; 
 botobc ft £)ren tbep kef pe ano tbat fo? tillage fane onelp/Ehe apje is boletbmc, tljetoaters gooD, 
 tlje people ucrpfcrireanouellbooicD: bare Ijeaoco commonlp tljep goe, pjacuring bclDnefife 
 toitbfo?toto ano teareSjeftfoones rooting bptoitbpinfars all tbe baireoftbetrljeaDs as it groto« 
 ctb , ercep t it be a litle beljinD, the tobicb tbep knot ano keepe toitlj all Diligence, Cuen from tljcir 
 cbtlDbocD ttjeptoeare Daggers anoftoojos, tbe toljicb tbep bfe to lap bitter tljeirpillotoestoljen 
 tljzp goe to tea : in tbeto courteous ano affable, in oeeoe Ijaugbtic anD p?ouD, 'SrtjepoeU gbt mod 
 intoarltke affaires, anQ tljcir great eft Gucte in atmes, Spcns apparell Diuerfelp colourcDts 
 ino?ne Dotonebalfe tbeleggesana to tbeelbotoes: toomensattpjemaDe IjanfGmelp like unto a 
 Saile, ts fometoljat longer: all manner of Dicing anDtljeft tljepDoe efcljue, fH-he marcbant,al' 
 tbougb be be tocaltljp, is not accounteo of, (Sentkmen.be tljsp nctter fo poojt,rctaine tljcir place: 
 moft pjecifelp tbep ttanoe bpen tbeir bonour anD tooojtbineffe , cercmoniouHp Griuing among 
 tljemfelucs ineourteGes anofairefpeecbes, ffidberemifanponebappilp beleffecarefull tban 
 be ujouls be, cuen fo? a trifle manp times be gettetb cnill toill. 833ant, tljotigb it trouble mofl of 
 tljem , fo muclj tljep Doe Dctefl, njat poo?e men cruelip taking pittie of tljeir infantes netolp 
 bojne , efpectallp girles , do manp times toitb tbeir otonc feete ftrangle tbcm, jl2cblc men, ano 
 ntbetliketoife of meaner calling generallpbauebutone totfe a peccc.bptoljom altljougb tbep 
 baue iffue,pet fo? a trifle t!jepDiuo?fe tljemfelues f«om tljeir toiues,ano tbe tomes alfo fomett'mes 
 from tljcir Ijufbanos, to marrp toitb otbers. after tbe fcconD Degree cotifins map tljere latoftillp 
 marrp» Sooption of otber mens cljilD^cn is muclj tofeo among tbem, Jn great totones moflmea 
 anD toomen can to?ite ano rcace. 
 
 ^bis illation fecDetlj fparinglp, tbeir bQiall meat is rice ano falets, anD ne ere tlje feaCce 
 fiftj, itbty feafl oneanotljcr manp times, tobercin tljep bfe great Diligence, cfpeciallp in D?in- 
 kfng one to anotljcr , infomucb tbat tbe better fo?t , leafl tljep migbt ruotlp commit fome fault 
 tbercin,ooeV)fe toreaDe ccrtainc bookes to?itten of Duties anD ceremonies appertcpning bnto 
 banquets, Co be Delicate ana fine, tbep put tbeir meate into tljeir mouses toitfj litle fojkcs, ac« 
 counting it great ruotneffe to touctj it toitb tljeir gngers: tointer j fommcr tljep Djinke toater as 
 
 bot 
 
Reports of Iapan. Traf fiques and Difcoueries.; I • 83 
 
 hot asttjepmap pofQblp abioe it, ^beu boufts arc in Danger of fire, faiit.fiiielp maoc anocieanc, 
 lapse alt oner toith fttaWe-pallets, tohereupon tfjep Doe b«U fit in Cteaa of Coolcs , anD lie in their 
 clotbesmith billete unHier their heaos, jfoj feate of Defiling cfacfe pallets, tljep goe euljfs iiare- 
 footemitbin booses, or weare fitamepantofleson tfaeir bufbiws mhentbcp come abroad, the 
 tohicb tbep lap afioc attheir rcturne bomeagaine, ©entlewen to? the mofl part do pate the nigfje 
 in bankettino;, mtifict«,itb'auieDifcoucfes>, tbep fleepc the Dap time, 3Jn Meaco ano Saca*o there 
 m gooDttoje of beD3, but tbep be berp lirle, ano map be compared unto our pue s, 
 
 31n bunging Dp tbeircbiio?en tbep bfe too?os onlp to wbuke them, apmomfbmg as tn'ligcmlp 
 anD aouifenlp bopes of fire or feuen peerea of age, as chough thep were otoe men. "Sbep are gi* 
 uen uerp niucb to intertaine firangers, of mijorn mod cunoufip theplowe to afke euenm trifles 
 tobfltfojtainenattonsDoe.anD their fatyiflns. <§mcb arguments anDreafottsas bemanifeft,ano 
 aremaoe.plainetiJitherarapleB,Doegreatlpperfu)aDetbem. 3£bepoctcfJall kinoc of tbeft, mbo* 
 foeucr is taken in that fault map be flainefrcelpof anpboDie, U2optibltfecp?ifons, no common 
 gaples, no ojoinatp Hufticers ? p?iuatelp cacb boufbolocr bath the bearing of matters at home in 
 his omneboufe, anD the punifhing of greater crimes that oefeme Death uuebout oelap, VL\)u»to< 
 fuallp the people is kept in ame anD feare, 
 
 about fourc bunD?eo peerts patt ( as in t&eir oloe recojDcs toe finde ) all Iapan tuas fubtcec 
 Unto oneCmpcrour tnhoferopall feat teas Mcaco.m the Iaponifh language calleo Cubucama, 
 T5ut tbenobilitie rebelling againtt htm , bp litle and title haue taken atoap tlje greatefi part of his 
 Dominion, hotobett bis title continuallprcmapiiethanD tlje refidue in fomcrefpectdoemake great 
 account of him aitI,acknotoledgmg him fo? theirfiiperio?, Cbus the €mpp?e of lapan,m times 
 pa3 but one alone, is noto oiuidto into firtie fire kingoomes,tbe onelp caufe of ciuill marres con* 
 tinuallp inthatJlatiD , to no fmall hinDtrance of the ©ofpell, tobilett the kings that Diceil neare 
 together itiuape one another , each one coueting to make his kingoome greater, .furthermore 
 in tlje citie Meaco is the paltace of the high Pjicfi,BJbom that nation bonoureth as a ©oo.he bath 
 in his houf e 3 6" 6 3DoIes,one tofjereof bpcourfe is euerp night fet bphis fioe fo? a toatchman, 
 5)e is thought of the common people foholp, thatitmapnotbe lamfull fo? him to goebpon the 
 earth : if Ijappilp he Doe fet one foote to the grounD , he loofetb bis office, i^>e is not ferutD berp mt m 
 fumptuoufip be is maintatneb bp almrs, %\)t heaDS ano beards of his mini to rs are fijauen, tbep flU,,f * are be. 
 haue nameCannues , ano their autboptie is great throughout all Iapan. ®be Cubucama bfetfj tHB ° 06- 
 them fo?€muau"ado?s to oecioecontrouerfiesbettoirt princes anD to enotbeirtoarrcs,tuhere* " 
 of tbep mere toont to make berp great gaine. 3!t is notnttuoperesfinceo? there about, that one 
 of themcame to Bungo, to intreate of ipeoce bettotrt t|ie king thereof ano the kingof Amanguz- 
 zo. ^hwSgentfauounngthekingdf Bungo his caufe moje then the other, b?ou$bt topafle 
 tbattbcfojefapDkingcfBungoO)oulD4eepettookmgDomes,thebJhicbbe haD taken intoarres 
 from the king of Amanguzzo. JSlbeeefojebe Ijao fcj bis remaro of the king of Bungo aboue 
 3ooooDucats, ano thusfarre hereof. 
 
 31 come nototo ocbetfitperttitions ano ceremonies , that pou map fee, Deare b?ecb?en , that 
 tohich 3 faio in the beginning, bom fubtiilp the Dcuiilbatb DereiueD the Iaponifti nation, ano 
 horn Diligent anD reaDte thep be to obep $ tooifin'p bim.ano firtt,al remembrance ano knoiultDge 
 not onelp of Chnfl our&CDeemer, but alfo of that oneiSoo themafeer of all things is clcane 
 ertinguiujcD anobtterlp aboltmeD out of the Iapans hearts, Sgojeouer their fuperfiititus fecis 
 aretnanp,ftberea8Utslafrfullfo}eacbo>ie to folloto cljat tohicij iliketb Ijim bcC: Lute tbcpju^ 
 cipallfectsaretDJo.namelptyeAmidansanDXacaians, 3Bherefo?ein this countrep (ball pou 
 fee manp monaficries, not onelp of Bonzii men,but alfoof Bonzistoomtn Diuertip atttreo , fo? 
 foipe Doe meare mhite bnoer.anD blacke bpper garments, other goe apparelleD in afij colour,ano 
 tbeir 3IDole hath to name Denichi : from thefe the Amidane? Differ berp much, 9gaine the men 
 Bon7iifo)themoftpartDl»eIlinfumptuous boufes,anD haue great reuenues. ^befefelloujcs 
 arecbafiebp commaunDement,marrp thep mapnotbpon paine of Death. 3n the mioS of tbeir 
 temple is erecteD an altar, tobereon fianoetb a toooDDen 3D0le of Amida, nakeo from the gir* 
 DlebpmarD, taiith boles in his eares after the manner of Italian gentlemomen, fitting on a toooo* 
 Den rofe gooolp to bcholD. Cbcp haue great libraries, ano bailee fo; them all to Dine ano fup ro> 
 gether, ano bels mhertoith tbep are at certaine bourcs called to p japers.3n the eueninn; the feu« 
 perintenoent giueth each one a tbeame fo? meoitation. after mionigbt bcfo?e the altar in tbcic 
 temple tbep do fapS^attensas it mere out of Xaca brslatt bookc,one quicroneberfe,tbe a* 
 thcr quiet another. €arlp in the morning each one giueth himftlfe to meoitation onebouce: 
 tbep (haue their beaos anD bearDS. 'SDheir clopfiers be berp large , anD mitljin the pjecinct tber= 
 of .Cbappels ofthe Fotoquicris ,fo? bp that name fome of the lapanifb Saints are calleo ; their 
 holpoaies peerelp beberp manp.^ottof thefe Bonzii be gentltmen/o? tbat the Iapanifh nobilitp 
 
 cbargeD 
 

 84. The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, 'Reports of lapan. 
 
 cijargeo toith manp chilD?en.bfc to make moH of them Bonzii,not being able to leaue fo j eaih one 
 a patrtmonp gooD enough . '£bc Bonzii moft c out t ouflp bent , knoto all tlje taapes b oto to come 
 bpmonep. €bcp ftil tonto the people manpfcrolles of paper, bp tlje bclpc tohereof the common 
 people tbtnketb it felfe toatrauteo from allpotoer of the Deujls. €.bep4n?roto liketoife incnep 
 to be repapeo tottb greatbfurp in an otljer toojloe, giuing bp obligation bnto tlje Icnoer an aiTu- 
 rance thereof, tlje toljicti Departing out of this life he map tarrp toith him to hell, 
 
 idambusu. Nereis anothergreat eompanpof fttcbas are callen inambuxu,toithnirieD ano ftarmghatre. 
 Chcp make pjofeflion to fmoe out agaiue things either (oft n? fiolen,aftertbis foje. ©hep fet be* 
 fb?e tbem a thito tohom tfeeDeuill inuaDeth , callto bp thither bp charmes t of that cbilD then Doe 
 thep affee that tohtcb thep art oefiroupto knoto, 
 
 ©hefemenspjapers both gooo ano bab are tljougljt grcatlp to y;cnatle , inromut^ t^ac botfc 
 their buffings ami tbeir turfes thep fell bnto the people. ©he nouwes" of this ojoer, before tljep 
 be samite ed , goe together ttoo o j tbjee thoufanD in a company , bp a certaine high mountame to 
 Boe pennance there , tbjecfccje oapes boluntarilp puniftjing themfclues. 31n this time tlje Deuill 
 ibetoeth bimfclfe bnto tbent in funDjp fljapes : ano tbep like poung graDuats,aDmttteD as it toere 
 fellomes iutofome certaine companie, are fctfoojtb toitlj tohtic taflris hanging about tljcic 
 ncckes, ano blacke bonnets tljat fcarcelp couer anp mo?e thetttbecrotone of their heaos, %\)Wt 
 attp jeD thep range abjoaoe in all lapan , to fet out themfelues ano their cunning to fale, each one 
 beating bis bafon toljtclj he carieth altoapes about ton !j htm, to giue notice of tljeir comming in al 
 totoncs inhere tbep palTc, 
 
 G(Dg«.i, <^ m ^ alfo an ot ^ fr f 0?t ca nfB Genguis ,that make pjofeffton to Ibetoe bp foothfaping 
 
 tohere flollen things are , ano mho mere the tbeeues. ©befc Dtoell in tbe toppe of an high moun- 
 taine,blatkeintl)eface:fo? the coufinuallheate of tlje fttnne,fo? tlje coio toinocs,anDratnesthe]» 
 Doe continuallp ensure, ©hep marrp but in their otone tribe ano tine; therepo?t goeth that tljep 
 be Ijojnco beafls. ©hep climbe bp moftfcigh rocked ano hilles, anD go ouer berp great riuers bp 
 the onelp arte of the Deuill, mho to tying tijefe to?etches the \w jc into etronr , biooeth them to 
 goe bp a certaine high mountains inhere tljep ftanoe miferablp gating alio eamefllp looking 
 fo ? him as long as the Deuill appoint etb them. St the length at none t ice o; in the euening com* 
 meth that Deuil,tohom thep call Amida among them to fljeto himfelfe bnto them: this (beto b?ee* 
 betlj in tlje brines anD hearts of men fit clj a kinoe of fup er £tition,t Ijac it can bp no me anes be roo« 
 t'eo out of them aftertoaro. '■>■■.:. 
 
 %\)t Deuill toas toont alfo in another mountaine to fljeto bimfclfe bnto the Iapaniih Ration. 
 231)1.1 fo toas mo je DeQrous than other to go to heauemmo to eniop paraoifc, thither toent be to 
 fee that fight , anD Ijauing feenetlje DcttillfollotocD ljim(fo bp the Deuill perftoaoeD) into a Denne 
 bn tilt tj e came to a Dcepe pit. 3nco this pit the Deuill toas toont to leape , ano to take toitlj him his 
 too jtijtpper inborn he there muro?cD. Uhis Deceit toas t \m pecceiueD. Sn olD man blinoeD toit b. 
 this fuperattion,toas bp h^ fonneDilftoaoeD from thence, but all in baine. ZStberefoje his fonne 
 fbllotoeo him pjtuilp into tljat Denne toith his boto $ arrotos.tohere the Deuill gallantlp appeareo 
 Dnto Ijtm in tlje Qjapc of a man. JHJhileft t he olo man falletlj do tone to too;ujippe the Deuill , hid 
 fomtefpeeDilp (hooting an arroto at thefpirtt fo appearing, ftrooke a jforeinfteaDef aman.fo 
 fuDDenlp toas that fljape altereo. €!jis oloe man his fonne tracking the tf ore fo running atoap, 
 tame to that pit tohereof 3! fpake, ano in the bottome thereof he founs manp bones of DeaD men, 
 Deceiueo bp the Deuill after that fo? t in time paft.'&bus oeliuereo he (jis father from p f efent Death* 
 ano all other from fo peflilent an opinion , 
 
 Cbcre is fur tberme?c a place bearing name Coia,terp famous fo; p multituoe of 9bbpes toljicbj 
 the Bonzii Ijatte therein, ©be beginner ano founoer tohereof is thought to be one Combendayis 
 a f uttle craftte fellotoe, that got the name of holtnefle bp cunning fpeech,althougb the latoes ano 
 o?DtnanceshemaDetoere altogether Detttlliflj : he is fato to bauefounDout the Iapaniih letters 
 Wed at tins Dap. Jn his latter p ceres this S>im f uttle burieo ijtnifelfetn a fourefquaregraue, 
 fbure cubites oeepe ,feuereIpfo?biDDing it to be openco, fo? tljat then heoieo not, but refieo his 
 booie toearieo toith continuall bu{hteOe,bntill manp thoufano tboufanos of peeres toerepaHeo, 
 after the tohith time a great learntD man namco Mirozu njottlo come into lapan, ano then 
 to culo he rife bp out of his graue againe. 9 bout his tombe manp lampes are lighten, fent thither 
 out ofDiuerfep?ouinccs,fo; that the people are peefwaoen that tobofbeuer tsfiberall ano bene* 
 Sciall totoaroes the beauttfping of that monument, ujall not onelp increafc in toeaitb in this 
 toojln , but in the life to come be faf e though Combendaxis hclpe, &uch as giue themfelues to 
 toojfljtp Ijim, Itue in thofe 90onafteries o? 9bbpes toith fljauen heaos, as though tljep hao fo?fa« 
 km all fecttlar matters, toljereas in DeeDe tbep toalloto in all fojtesof toickennelfeanDluft. 3[n 
 tycfe houfes,tIje toljicl) are manp (as 31 ftpo) in number.Doeremaine 6o©o Bonzii,o? thereabout 
 
 befioes 
 
- ■ I ■ II - II — •• I '■■ 
 
 %eports oflapan. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. % 
 
 lefiDcstljemultituiieoflapmEnjlDonunbercflcatncDfromtljenccViponpamEOfDeatlj.ai'otljei: 
 eompanpofBoaziii)tocIle^atFatonochai:i.'2L!jept£acI)agt£atniultituoeofcbilD^nasltrtc{?s 
 £ Heights of guile I tljcft:i»Ijotn tljep no fino to be of great totoarDnes.tljofe do tbtp inftruct in al 
 t\)t pctigrues of p?inccs,anD faojions of tlje nobilicie.in cljtualrie ano eloquence, ano fo fena tljem 
 abjoao into otljcr pjouinces.attirxo like pong p?inces,to tljis cnae, tbat faihing tljemfclucs to be 
 hoblp borne, tbep map toitlj great fummes of monep bototoeo bnuer tlje colour ano pjetencc of 
 nobtlitie rcturne againe. ilSMjerefojte tljisplace 10 fo infamous in all Iapan,tlja: if anp fcljoler of 
 tljatopec be bappilp taken ab?oao^e inconttnentlp Dtet^fo^it * jlSeuertlKletle cfcefe ccufincrsf 
 leaue not Dailp to ore tbeir tooonteo toickeoneffe ano knauerie. 
 
 jaojtlj from la P an,tfoee ijunojcD leagues out of Meaco,lietb a great countrep of fattage men fX"^ 
 clotljeo iii bcafls fkinnes, tcugb booieo, toitb b«gc bearps ano uionflrous mucljacljes, tlje toljicft u^ue to w 
 tljcpbolobp toitb IitIefo?kcs as tbep Djtnkc. ^befe people are great Djumers of toine, fierce E'JJ" 
 intoarres, ano mucb feareoofclje Japans : being (jure in figljt, tbep toatb tbeir toounos toitb 
 fait toater, otljcr gwrgerie baue tljep none, 3m tbeir bjeatts tbep are fapo to carp looking glaf« 
 fes : tbeir f roojocs tbep tie to tbeir beans, tn fucb toife, tljat tbe bangle Doe reft bpon tbeir fyoitiU 
 ocrs. ©etuice ano ceremonies hauc tbep none at all, onelptljeparetoconctotoojujip beauen. 
 ^0 Aquica a great totone in tbat laponifh kingoom,to)bicb toe call Geuano.tbcp mucb refojt fo? 
 marcljanDffe, ana tbe Aquitanes IikeunfeDoe trauell into tbeir countrep, botobeit «otoften,foj 
 tbat t berc manp of tljem arc flaine bp tbe mbabiters* 
 
 gpucbmo?econcerningtl)ismatter3IbaDtoto?ite: but to auopbtecioufnefTe 3ltoiilcome f Be ?I pani ® 
 to fpeake of tbe lapans maDttefTe againe, toljo molt ocGrous of baine glo;p ooe tbinke tijen fpe s "' 
 ciallp to get immo?tall fame, toljen tbep pjor ure tbemfclucs to be molt fumptuouflp ano folcmns 
 Ipburicu : tljeir burials anoobfequies in tljecitieMeaco are Done after tljismaner. Slbotttone 
 boure befb?c tbe oeao boop be bjougljt foojtb, a great multituoe of bis friencs apparellto in tljeic 
 beftarap goebefoje unto tlje fire, toitb tbemgoe tljeir kinf women ano fucb as bee of tbeir ac- 
 quaintance, clotbeDintoljite (fo? tbat is tbe mourning colour tljerc) toitbacbangeablccoloureQ 
 baile on their bcaos. €acbtoomanbatbujitljberalOj,accojDingtobcr abilitie, all Ijer famine 
 trimmeo bp in toljite mockaoo: tbe better fo?t ano toealtljicr toomen goe in litters of Cent- art** 
 Bciallp tojougljt ano ricblp Djefleb. 3!n tbefeconb place mardjetb a great companp.of footemen 
 rumptuouflp apparelleo. 'Cbcn afarre off commetlj one of tljcfe Bonzii mailer of tbe ceremonies; 
 fojtbatfUperflitioit, bjauelpclaDinfilkesanbgoIo, inalarge anD bigb litter eccellentlp toell 
 to?ougljt,accompariieo toitb 3 o otber Bonzii 0? tbereabeut,torating bat0,linnen albes, ano fine 
 llacke Upper garments. Cben attireo in aflje colour (fojtbis colour alfo is mourning) luitlja 
 long to?cb of Ipuieaplcbe fljetoetlj tbe ceao boep tlje toap bnto tbe 6ie,lett it eitber Humble 0? ig« 
 itojantlpgooucoftbe ttap. Well neere 200 Bonzii folotoljiin tinging tlje^namc of tbat Dcmll 
 tbe" ttbicb tbe \>Mti oeceaffeo cbteBp cto toojibip in bis life time, ano tbcrehntball a uetpgreat 
 bafon is beaten etten to tbe place office in fleao of a bell !" Cljcn follotottoo great paper bflkeca 
 bangco openatdattes enoes fullof paper rofes DiucrHp colcureo, fucb as bearc tljem Doemarclj 
 but flotulp.ujaking eue r noto ana tl;en tbeir ffaucs.tbat tbeafojefapo flotoers map fall do tone bp 
 litle ano If tie as it tiJere D?ops of raiiie:ahD be tobirleo about toitb toino. ^bis ujoteer fap tljcp ise 
 an argument tbat tbe foule of tbe Deao man is gone tb paraoife.aftcr al tbis,eigljt bear'Mes Bon- 
 zii operlpttoo ano tiaoD?ag after tljem on tbe grounD long fptares, tbepoihts backtoaro, toitb 
 flags of one cubite a piecc,iubcreiu tbe name alfo of tl;at ioolc'is tojitten.'Cbentbere be cattco 1 o 
 lanterns triinmeo toitb tbe fonnerinfcriptionjCiuercall toitb a fine bailc,atio caucles burning in 
 tljem. 15efiDcstbis,ttoopoongmen clotbeDinafbe colour bearepineaplet6jcbes,riot ligbteo, of 
 t\))ct foote lengtb, tbe tobiclj co?cbcs fcrue to hinble tbe fire toberein tbe Deao cojpes te'to bee <xm '^m 
 burnt.Jn tbe fame colour folloto manp otber tbat toeare on tbe crotoncs of tbeir Ijc^ds fake, li» 'H" 1 " 6 '*- 
 tie, tbjeefquate, blacfee Ictbjen caps tiro fafi brtoer tljeir cljinneS (fo? tljat is bono?abIe ampngft 
 tljem) toitb papers on tbeir beaDs,tobcrcin tb« name of tbcocuiUl fpake of,fs tojitten * 2no to 
 make it tbe mo?e foltmne.aftcr commetb a maii toitb a table one cubite long>one foot bjoao.couc 1 
 reo toitb a berp fine toljite baile,in botb Goes toljercof is tojitcc n in gclocn letters tbe afo?e£ap& 
 name. 9t tljelengtb bpfoure men isb?ougbt foo?tlj tbe cojps fitttngm a gojgcous Itctcr clotbea 
 in tobite.bangingootone bis Ijcao ano boloingljis Ijantis togettjer like one tbat pjapeo: tot'be reft 
 ofbisauparellmappouatJDeanbppergotoncofpapcr, to?i.ctcn full of tljat boofcetljc tobiclj bis 
 ©od is fapo to baue mabe, toljen be liueo in tbe toojlo, bp tobofe.belpe,anp me rites commonlp tbep 
 ooetbmke to be faueo.'&be scab man Ijts cljilbjen come nert after Ijim mottgallantlp fet foo?tb» 
 tlje pongeft toberof caricclj liketoife a pineaple to?cb to lunDle tbe fire, ialt of all folotoe tb a great 
 number of people in fuclj caps as 31 crft fpake of. t 
 
 SJBben tlje pare ni come to § place appointeo foitbe obfequie,al tlje Bonztitf t&e tobole mlti- 
 
 Hhh tun 
 
<s 
 
 jg Th e-Englifli Voyages^Nauigations, %eportso/Iapan, 
 
 tuoefojcbefpaceofoneboure, tocatingpannesanDbafonstoitbgreat clamours, call topon tije 
 name of tljatDeuill, tbe tobicb being enocD, tbeffibfcquieisDoncintbtsmaner . 2nt|emiott 
 of a great quaDjangle rafleo about, bangeB toitlj courfe linncn, anoagreeablp tonto tlje fottre 
 partes of tbe too?lo matoe toitb foure gates to goe in ano out at, is oiggco a Ijole : intVe iiolc is 
 laieB gooDtto?eoftoooo,toljereonisraifcDgallantIpatoflueDroofe : befoje tbat ttsnD ttoo ta= 
 MesfurniujEB toitb Hitters kinoes of meates, efpcciallpon'e JBgs, pmiegranates anD Cartes 
 gooo floje, but neitljer tftuj no jjf lefij : topon one of tljcm ttanoetb alfo a cljafer toitlj coales, aim 
 in it rtoeetetoooo to make perfumes ♦ (E&btnalltbisisrcaoie, ike cojoetoljeretoitb tbe litter 
 tolas carieo, is tb?otoen bp along rope into tlje fire : as man? as are pjefent ttriue to take tlje rope 
 . in t&eir banoes, toting tbeic afo?efapD clamours, tobicb Bone, tbep goe in p?oceu"ion as it lucre 
 rouno about tlje quaojangletbnTe, Cbenfettingtbelittcrontbetoooo builttop reaop fo? tfcefirr 
 tbat Bonziastobotljcnis matter oftlje ceremonies, faictkaberfe tbatnoboBie tberetonocrttan* 
 Betlj, tobirlingtb?ifc about ouer bis beao a to?cbligbteo, toftgnifietbcrebptbattljefouleof tbe 
 Bean man Ijao neitljer anp beginning, ne ujall batte at anp time an enoe, ano tb?otoetb atoap tbe 
 to?clj ♦ Ctoo of tbe oeao man bis cbilojen, o? of bis neere kinne, take it top againc, ano Canning 
 oneattheCattfioeoftbelitter, tbeotljerattbeftSM, ooefo? b°nour ano reuerente read) it 
 to eacb otber tlj?tfe ouer tlje oeao co ?ps , anu fo call it into tlje pile of mooo t bp ano bp tbep tb?oto 
 in ople,ftoectetoooD,anoctber perfumes, acco?oinglp as tljepbaueplcmic, anofo toitb a great 
 flame bung tlje cojpes to aftes : bis cbtlo?en in tbe meane labile putting ftoeete toooo into tbe 
 tkafer at tbe table toitlj ooours, DoefoIemnlpanDreligiouflp too?fljip tbeir fatljer as a Saint: 
 tobicb being none, tlje Bonziiarepaieo eacb one in && Degree. Cbe matter of tlje ceremonies 
 Ijatb fo? Ijispartfittc Duckats, fomctimestenne,foinctimes turcntie,tlje rett bauetenne 3ulics a 
 ptect,o? els a certaine number of otber pjefentscalleD Caxa: . ttLfaiwiite tljattoas o?oaineo, as. 
 foone as tbe oeao co?ps frienos ano all tbe Bonzii are gone, igleftfyfucljasferueo at tbe obfe« 
 quie,fo? tbe poo?e ano impotent la?ars« 
 
 Cljenertoap rctttrneto tbe place of obfequie tbe oeao mane's etjilD?cn , biskinreoano 
 frienos, tobo gatljering top bis afljes, bones, ano teetb, Doe puttljem inagiloeopot, anti fo ca» 
 tie tljembome, to bee fet top intljefamepot couereo toitlj clotb, in tbe miooeft oftljeic fooufes, 
 Spanp Bonzii reunite liketoife to tbefep?iuate funerals,ano foooe tljrp againe tlje feuentlj Bap : 
 tljen carp tljep out tlje afijes to bee burieo in a place appointcB, iaping tljereupon a foursquare 
 ffone,toljerem is tojitten in great letters o?atoen all tlje length of tbe flone,tlje name of tljat ccuif 
 tlje tob.iclj tlje oeao man too?ujippeD in bis life time . SEuetp Dap aftertoaro bis cbilo?en refo?t ton* 
 to tlje graue toitb rofes ano toarme toater tbat tbe oeao co?ps tbittt not, j!3o? tlje feuentb Bap one* 
 Ip,but tbe feuentlj monctlj ano peere.toitljin tbeir ctoneboufrs tbep renuetbis obfequie, to no 
 fmallcommoDttics ana game of tlje Bonzii : great riclj men Doefnenointbefe tbeir funerals 
 3 ooo Duckats o? tfjereabont, tbe meaner fo?t ttoo oj tb?ee bunojeD* §>ucb as fo? pouertie be not 
 able to go to tljatcbarges,are in tlje mgfjt time Darkelong iaitljout all pompe anB ceremonies W 
 rieDinaBungbilU 
 
 : Cbcpftaue anotber ktnBc ofbtiriall, efpectallp neere tlje £>eafloe,faj tljemtbatbeenot pec 
 Beao ♦ 'C&tfefeHotorsarefucb, asbauingreligiouflptoitbmucbBeuotion toojujippeB Amida, 
 noto Bellrous to fee bim,Boe flap tljemfelues, 9nD firtt tljep goe ccrtaine Bapes begging almes, 
 tbcvuljtcb tljep tljjuttintotbeir (leeues, tbcnp^eacljtbepinpubliqueafermon tonto tl;cpeople a 
 Declaring tobat tbep m'tnn to Doe, toitb tlje great gooo liking of all fuel) as Doe Ijearetbem : foj 
 euerp boop lnonD?etb at fttcb a kinoe of bolineffe . %tyn take tbep bookes to cut Dotorne bn'arss 
 anB tljojnc.s tljat mrgljt Ijinoet tljcm in tljeir map to bcauen, anD fo embarkc tbtmfeiues in a netoa 
 toelfelj, tping great ttones about tbeir neckes, armes, ioines, tbigbes, ano feete : tljus tljep 
 launcbtng out into tbe maine €>ea be eitljec D^ouincB tbere, tljeir ujippe bougeD fo; tljat purpofe, 
 o? els Boe caStbemfelues oucr-boo?o beaDlong into tbe §>ea.tEbe emptie barke is out of Ijano fee 
 a fire fo? bonours fake bp tljeir frienos tljat foloto) tljtm in anotljer boat of tljeir olune.tbinking ic 
 blafpbemie tljat anp mortal! creature fljoulD afterniarB puce touclj tbe barke tbat bao bene fo re= 
 ligiouflpbalottoeD. 
 
 Crulp luben toe toent to Meaco, eigbt Bapes before toe came to tbe Me of Hiu at Fore totone, 
 Are men ano ttoo toomenfoDieD. IjoallfucbaSDiefo tbe people erectetlj a Cljappcll, anD to 
 eacb of tljem a pillar anD a pole maoe of Ipineaple fo? a perpctuall monument, banging top manp 
 uj?eDsofpaperiutttckesalltljeroofeouer, toitbmanp toerfesfetDotone intljetoalles in com- 
 menoation of tljat bleffeDcompanp f ©3berefo?e tonto tbis place botlj Dap anD nigbt manp come 
 toerpfuperttitiouflpinpflgrimage. 3ItbappeneDeuentbenas Aloifius Almeida ano 3ltoent to 
 cb?itten a cbilflc toee trauetlen tbattoap nt tobat time foure o? fiue oloe toomen came foo?t& 
 out of tbe afojefapo cbappell toitb beaoes in t|jeir fcanoes (fo? in t^ispotnc alfo tbe ocuill coun* 
 
 terfettetlj 
 
 
 
^Reports of tapan* fraffiques and Difcoueries, 87 
 
 mfaitftljCtoilltatueie) mbopartlpfco?neDatbs&i?foilie, partipfrotonieoano tauntcD at out 
 fmall neuotion, fo ? paSing bp tljat bolp monument toitljout anp reuerence o? toojfbip Done tljere- 
 unto at all, 
 
 3trcmainetbnetomefpealtf tto0o?tb?cetoo?besoftbo&^ermorts tbe Bonziiare tooont 
 to make, riot fo manp as ours in numbcr,but auureDlp betp toellp?ouibeo fo?. 'Stbe pulpit is v 
 recteD in a great temple boitb a filke Canopie ouer it, tijerttn ttanDetbacofflpfeate, before tijc 
 feateatablemitbabeHanDaboofee * 9ttfiebourc of Sermon eacbfeccoftbe Iapansrefo?tetd 
 CotbeiromiieDocto?sinDiuers'3£empIes, rip goetljcbcBocto? into tljeipulpit, ano being fet 
 Botone, after that bee bath lo lblike lookeb bim about, Ggnifietb Glencc iuttt) bis bell, ano fo tea< 
 cc tij a fetoe mo ?D cs of tljat booke toe fpake of, tbe toljicb be cry ouitoctb aft trmarn mo ic at large, 
 'ZMi ft p?eacbcrs be fo? tlje mott pact eloquent, ano apt to rvalue tuttb tbeir fpcacl; tbe minces of 
 tbetr bearers. S2lbe> ; efo?etotbisenDecbieme(futbistbeu;gteei!ineire)tem>etbaH tbeir talke, 
 tbat tbe people bee b?ougljt bnoer tlje colour of goDlineffe to enricbtbeir monatterics, pmmifing 
 to each one fo mucb tbe mo?e bappinetfe in tbe life to come , bom nine l) tbe greater coiles ana 
 cbarges rljep bee at in Cburcb matters ano obfeqmes : nottutttjffanDmg tljts multituoe of fupcr- 
 ltitious Sects ano companies, ana tbebiuerfiticstbercofamongft tbemfeiucs i pet mt&isp?fa« 
 cipallp all tbeir §)uperinten6entsDoetraueHfotoperfniaDetbeir|5outccsintbeir otonc talcs 
 ano Ues, tbat tbep tbinKc notljing els truetlj, nothing els fure to come bpeuerlatting faluation* 
 notbing els moo?tb tbe bearing, GHbcrcunto tljcp abbe otber fubtleties, as in going grauitie,in 
 countenancc,appareH,anDinaH outtoarb fbeto,comelinefle. JTOberebp tbe Iapans minbes are fo 
 nouflcc in toiefceo opinions, 9 Doc conceiue tberebp fuel) trull ano Ijope of etterlafiing f altia tioir, 
 tbat not onelp at borne, but alfo ab?oao in euerp co?nerof tbe totone continuallp almoQ tbep run 
 ouer tbeir beaocs, bumbip affeing of Amida ano Xaca, mcaltlj, bonour, poo Ijcaltb, ano c ucrla- 
 fltng iopes* ^bus tben,beare b?etb?en,map pou tljinkc bom grcatlp tbep neeb tbe belpe of (Sob, 
 tbat eitbet Doe b?ing tbe ©ofpell into tljis countrep, o? rrceiuing it b?ougbt unto tbem, boe fo?< 
 fake ioolatrie ano mine tbcmfelues tot tb Cb?itt, being affaultcb bp Co manp fnares of tbe ocuill, 
 troubleb mttb tbe Dailp oilfuafions of tbeir Bonzii, anb finallp,fo iniuriouffp ,fo Ijarblp, fo fijarpc-- 
 Ipberebof tbeir kinrcbanbfhenbs, tbat ercept tbe grace of ©oonbtaineD bp tbe facrificcs aw 
 p lapers of tbe £ a t boliqtie cburcb Doe belpe bs, it cannot be cbofen but tbat tbe faitb anb conftati' 
 tic of manp ,if not of all,in tbefe firfi beginnings of our cburcbes,iu iU greatlp be put in ieaparbie. 
 So mucb tbe mo?c it ftanoetb pou bpon tbat fo earnettlplongfci? tbe beauty of foules,to comment) 
 fpeciaiip tbefe lapaniih flocks bnto our llo?o, 
 
 became to Sacaio tbe etgbt anb ttoentie bap of 31anuarp: Aloifius Almeida firfffo? butt* 
 neuTe.butaftertoatbietbptkknerfe, ffaieb tbere fome toljiie, but 31 parting tbe new Dap from 
 tbence came tbirteene leagues off to Meaco tbe Iall of 3anuarie, ©f mp commtng all tlje <SAyp 
 fiianstoofee great comfort, but fpeciaiip Gafpar Vilela toljo in 6 peres bab feen noneof our com* 
 panie at Meacosbis peeres are not pet fo?tie,but bis grap baitts ffjeto bim to be feucntie,fo beljc- 
 mentlp is bis litlc boop af flicteo ano toojne toitb rrtreme colD, Cpee fpeaketb Iapaniili fc f kilful-^ 
 Jp after tbe pbjafe of Meaco (tbe toln'cb fo? tlje renomne of tbis people ano ropal feat of tye king 
 is belt account cd of) tbat bee boetl; both confetTc a»D p?eacb in tbat language . £crtaine goDip 
 boottes alfo be bat!) Done into tbat fpeacb.no t omitting to tranflate otljer as laifure fuffrc: b b"»<- 
 % o make an enoe,our to?D f o? bis gooDnefle bouebfafe to pjeferue bs all contimtallp.anb to gme 
 bsapoebotbrigbtlp tointcrpjtte bis mill, ano toell to boe tbe fame , jfromMeacotlje 19 of 
 ^eb?uarp 1 5 6 5, 
 
 SDtber fucb like matter is ban&Ieo botb in ot&er W Ietters 3 anD alfo in tbe €piflles bo?ittcn bp 
 {jis companions to be feene at large in tbe afo?efaiD bolume . Smougft tbe red tbis feemeb in mp 
 iubgement one of tbe pjtn cipal!,aivo tber cf o?e tbe rat bet 31 tooke bpon me to do it into Cngliu;, 
 
 Of the lies beyond Japan in the way from China to 
 tiiztMoluccas, 
 
 Ag^ongflotbcr3|Iesintbc Afian feabetbairtCantanaChiniuSbautnin Cathaio ottljeMo- 
 luccas 5 mutbfpoRenofintbeIndianbilro?iesanDpainteDoutin2pap8,AinananD Santia- Aina, 
 numareberp famous. Ainan flanoetb ipDegreesontbisfiDeoftbe«EquinoctialllinenereChi- 
 na,from toben.ee tbe Chinifh nation banc tbeir pjouifion fo? pipping ano otljer necelfaries rtqui' 
 Ctefo?tbcir jQauie. ■CberettaieDBalthafarGagusagreattraueilerymonetbs, tobobefcribetb 
 tbat place after tbis mancr. Ainan is a gooDlp countrep ful of Indian fruits 9 all kinb of bictuals, Dc tebiI , pJl ^ 
 befioes great tto?e of ietoels ano pcacle,toell tnbabiteD,tbe totoncs built of Cone, tbe people rube 
 in conoittons,apparelleD in oiuers colourco rugs.toitb ttoo ore bo?nes,as it tocre,maDc of fine cp« 
 pjcsljaugingooboneabout tljeir eates^nbapaireof fbarpe cp?ers at tbttt fojebcaos. 
 
 Hhh \ 'Sle 
 
«s 
 
 Simiinuni. 
 
 88 The Englifli Voyages,Nauigations, A cte/cription of China* 
 
 3Dlje caure tobercfo?e tljep go in fuel) attire 31 cottlo not bnoerttanD, except it be c fo? that tbep 
 no counterfeit the ocuil in tlje fo?mecf a b?ute beafl, offring tbemfelues up to him. 
 
 Santianum is an 3le ne ere unto the bauen Cantan in the confines liketoife of China, famous 
 fo? the Death of ttjat tooo?tbp traueiler ano goolp p?ofelIbur anDpainfulIoocto? of the Indian na-- 
 tion in matters concerning religion,Francis Xauier.toho after great labours,manp im'urics.ano 
 calamities infinite fuffreDtoitb much patience,fingular top anuglaoneue of mine, Departeo tn a 
 cabben maoe of botoes ano rufijes Upon a Defert moumaine, no lelfe bopo ofalltoo?lDlp commo- 
 oitieSjthen cnoueo to itb all fpirituall bleu"tngs,out of this life, the 2 Dap of December, tbc'pcere 
 of our lojo 1552. after that man? tboufano of tbefe Eafterlings toere b?ougbt bp htm to tfjc 
 knotoleoge of Cb?ift\ 2Df this bolp man,bis particular bertucs,ano fpeciallptrauell.ano toonoer* 
 full too?ks in tljat region.of other manp litlc 3lles(t>et not fo litle.but the? map rtgbf tocl be mjit= 
 ten of at laifur e)all tbe latter hiflon'es of tlje Indian regions are full. 
 
 An excellent treatife of the kingdome of China , and of the eftate 
 and gouernment thereof : Printed in Latine at Macao a citie of the Portugal; 
 in Cbwa, An.Dom.i js°- and written Dialogue- wife. ThefpeakeisareZ,/»«,,Z.«>,and 
 
 Michael. 
 
 Linw. 
 
 SDnccwmg thekingoomeof China (Michael) tobicb is" our nert neighbour, 
 
 toe batte bcaia ano oatlp Do beare fo manp reports, tljat toe arc to request at 
 
 pour banos rather a true tljen alarge Dtfcourfe anonarration tbereof, 9no if 
 
 tbere be ought in pour knotolcDge befioes that toljich bp continual rumours 
 
 is toaren ftale among bs, toe toill right glaolp giue Diligent eare bnto it. 
 
 Michael. !U5ecaurctbe report of this mott famous kingoome is grotocn fo 
 
 common among bs.reoucing oiucrs ano manifolo particulars into o?Der, 31 
 
 toill efpcciallp aime at the truetl) of things recctueo from the fathers of the foeietie, toljich euen 
 
 noto at this p?efenc are conuerfant in China. jFirft of all therefore it is not bnknotoen.tbat of all 
 
 parts ofthemaine continent this kmgDom of China is fituate mott ffiaflerlp: albtitccrtaine 31* 
 
 lanbs.as our natiue Iapon, rj the 3IIe of Mamlia ftano mo?e €atterlp then China it felfe. 9s tou= 
 
 ching the Itmites 9 bottnDs of this kingDom, toe map appoint the firtt totoaros § Clteft to be a cer* 
 
 taine 31lc commonlp calleD Hainan,tohich flanDetb tit 1 9 Degrees of j!So?tberlpIatituDe,jTo? tlje 
 
 continent nert aDioiningbnto this 3He trenoetb totoaroes the UEaft , ano that efpcciallp, tobere 
 
 the p?omontojicdf the citie calleoNimpoo? LiampoDoetbertenD it felfe. l!?otobeit,from tljat 
 
 place Declining jfro?tbtosro,it firetebctb foo?tlj an huge lcngtlj,mfcmucb that the farthefi Chini- 
 
 an inhabitants that toap Doe bebolo the $o?tb pole eleuateo, atleatt 50 Degrees, ano perhaps 
 
 mo jc alfo: tobereupon a man map eafilie coniecture (tljat 31 map fpeake like an 3ttronomcr)boto 
 
 large the latitaoe oftbistatgDom is, toljenas it containeth about msjetljen 540 leagues in Di= 
 
 KctertenfioncotoarDstljej$o?tb . 15ttt as concerning the longituDe toljich is accountco from 
 
 €aft to aOctt, it is not fo eracelp founD out, that it map be Dittinguiujeb intooegrees . ipotobeit 
 
 certaine it is. tbatacco?Dingto tlje Spaptohercin the people of Ch.naDefcrtbet!iefo?meoftbcu: 
 
 feingDom,tbelat!tuDe thereof tjoettj not much erceeo pMongituDe.OjiskiugDom tbcrfci?eis,toitb* 
 
 out all peraDttenture,of all eartljlp kingooms the mott large anD fpacious : fo? albeit Diucrs other 
 
 kings bnoer their iurifoictioH containingin Dimenfions mo?e length jbjeabth then all China, bo 
 
 poiTctfe berp manp kiugDoms jfaroiflant afunoer : pet none of tbe all cnioiethanp one kingDom 
 
 fo large ano fo ample.as the mott puiffant king of China ooetlj. ^2oto, if toe ujallmake enciutrtc 
 
 into bis reuenues ano tributcs,true it is ,tljat this king, of all others, is enoueo toitlj tlje grcatett 
 
 ano tljerichett .both in rcgaro of the fertilitie 9 greatnes of his Doim'nionS, 9 alfo bp reafon of tlje 
 
 feuere collection ano enaction of his Duties : pea,tributes are impofeo topon his fubiects, not one* 
 
 Ip fo? lanDS,boufes,ano impofl of marcbanbifc,but alfo fo? cuerp perfon in each famtlp.31t is like* 
 
 toife to be bnDerftooD,that almott no lo?n 0? potentate in China hath atttbojitie to leuic bnto ht»w* 
 
 felfe anp peculiar reuenues,o? to collect aup rents toitbin the pjecmcts of Ijis feignio?ies, al fuclj 
 
 potocr belonging onelp bnto tlje king : tobeseas in Europe tlje contrarp is mott commonlp feen, 
 
 as toe Ijaue before fignificD.31n this mott large kingdom are contcineo 1 s p?ouinces, euerp one of 
 
 tobicb toere in it felfe fufftcient to be maoe one great ktngoom. <§>ir of tljefe pjouinccs do bo?Det 
 
 bponthcfea,namelp(p3l map bfetlje names of the ChinianstbcfeIues)Coantum,Foquien,che* 
 
 quiam ) Nanquin,Xantum,Paquin:theother9bein-lanDp?OUincCS,namcIp,Quianfi,Huquam, 
 Honan,Xienfi,Xanfi,Suchuon,Queicheu,Iunan,Coanfi. 9mongtt all the fo?efapb p.JOUincCS, 
 
 ttoo arc allotteo fo? tlje kings court ano feat roial,that is to fap,Paquin f 0} bis court in the ,i3o?tb, 
 
 am 
 
 ?Tt)e fituation 
 911D lmutrs of 
 Chins. 
 
 Chiman<Cor> 
 
 masrapiJEiu 
 
 ^Efte rict) veue* 
 
 miceoftiic 
 ftuigofCbins. 
 
 ipiftcene great 
 
 jjiomntcsm 
 China* 
 
 <5T|ie feats roi= 
 
 slinftljehing 
 af China, 
 
A 'definition of Qhina. Traffiques > and Difcoueries. 89 
 
 ano Nanqum foj ijts court in tlje ^otitfj, jfoj ctje kings of China mere tuoont to be refiDcnc al^ 
 together at tbe s&outb court : but aftcrtoato,bp re afon of tbe manifolo ano crucll toarresmcouco 
 bp tbe Tarcars.tbep toere conftraineo to ocfire their pnncelp feate ano habitation in that crtrcme 
 pjtouinceoftbe jfrojtb . thereupon it commctljto paffe, cljat tljofe |j3o?t!j?en confines of tbe 
 kingoom ooe abouno tariff) manp moe fajtreneSjinarciall engines,ano garrifons offoulDicrst* 
 Leo. J fjaue bearo,amongfi tljofe munitions,a tectaine Orange ano aomirable toall repojteo of, *&' toariifte 
 tobetetoitbtbepcoplecfChinaDoerepjeireanDDnue backe tlje Tartars attempting to inttaoe S'sTinar* 
 tljeir territories iSMicharf. Ccrtes tljat toall taljtcb pouvjauevjearo tell of is moll toooubie """"wwaii. 
 ofaomiration; fo? it runnetrj aloncjfd tlje liojocrs of tbjee j^ojtljerlic u?outitcc0, Xknfi, Xanfi, 
 anoPaquln, anDisfapDtocontaineaImott£&jeebuno?cDlcaguesinlengtlj, anoinuulj fouto 
 bee built, tbatttbittDeretbnottbeCourfeBanDffrcamesofanpriuers, their tljancls being ouer= 
 tljtoarteo ano fojtifieo toitlj toonoerfttll bridges ano otljer Defences, get is it notbnhktlp, that 
 trjefapo toall is built in fucljfojt, tljat onelptotoe ano eafiepaflagcs bee tberctoitlj floppco ano 
 emtironeo; but tbe mountatnes running bettoeene tljofe lotoe patfages arc, bp their otone na-= 
 turallltrengtb,anb inacceffibleljeigt^afufficientfojtificationagapnatljetntmie. Umu. %tf\ 
 tas (Michael) tobetbertljekingoomeofChina be foftcqucmco. toitlj inhabitants, as toecbaue 
 oftcnbeneinfojmetijOjno': Michael. % is (Linus) in berporeo a molt populous kingdom, scbrniDanre tt 
 as 31 tjaue bene cetttfico from ttje fattjers o f t^efoctetic : toholjautngfcenefunDnjpjouinces cf foftaWBif&w 
 Europe renoumeufo? tlje multituue oftheirinljabttants, ooe ltottoitbflanDutggrcatlp admire clll^, ' 
 tlje infinite ftoarmes of people in China . ^otobeittbcfemultituuesarenot pel-mel ano con* 
 futluelpDifpcrfeo otter tlje Iano, bnt moft conuententlp ano ojoerlp oi(tctbucerj in their totones 
 ano famous cities : of tobiclj alfemblies ttjere are bitters kinoes among the Chinians . f o? tljep 
 Ijauc cettaine principal cities calleo bp the name of Fu : otljer inferioi cities calleo Chcu : ano of <mtite an« 
 a tljiro kino alfo nameo Hien, tobicb bemoceotoalleo totones, but are not priuilcgeo toitlj tljc toU "" s - 
 Bignittes ano pjerogattues of cities ♦ 'HLo thefe map be aoocD ttoo ottjet kinoes of letter totones, 
 tnbicbarepactlpbtllagcS,anopartlpgatrifonsoffouloiers.2DftbefitllanDpHiicipa!lkmoi8tbae 
 molt noble ettte Itanding neere bnto tbe po?t of Macao,calleo bp tlje Chinians Coanehefu,but bp 
 tbe Portugals commonlptermeo Cantam,toljic1j is ratljer tbe common name of tbe pjouince ; tlje 
 a too: of ttjetr proper impofttion.tlnto tlje tljiro kino appertained a totone, tobiclj is pet nigbee 
 
 tattto tbepojt of Macao,calIeD bp tbe PorcugaJs Anfam,bUt bp tbe Chinians Hianfanhien.ll ttje 
 
 fojefapo pjoutnees tbercfo je baue tljetr greater cities nameo Fu,* tbef r Ielfer cities calico Cheu, 
 tanto both of tobicb tbe odjec totones map be aooco. 2I9o jeouer,in euerp pjouiticc tbere is a ccr* 
 tain principal cttp tobicb ts calleo tbe S@etropolitane thereof, tobetein tbe cljief magiif rates haue 
 tljetr place of rettoence, as tbe principal citie bp me laB mmtioneo, tobicb is tbe bcao of tlje toljole 
 jjjottince calleo Coantum. ®bemtmberoftbegreatcrcitiestb?ougl)outtbe tobole kingoom is 
 woje tljen i jo.ano cljere is tbe fame 0} ratber agreatcrmultttuoeof tnferiottr cities. ©I toallco 
 totones not enDueo tottb tbepn'ttiieges of cities tljcre are mo tben 1 1 io:tbe toHcges jgatrifons 
 tan fcarce be ntunbjeo: otter $ befioes tlje tobicb conuents it is increoible tobat a number of coit* 
 trie formes o? granges tbere be:foj it is not eafie to 8nD anp place Defect o? boio of inbabitants in 
 all tljat Iano.3I5oto in tlje fea,in ritiers,f in barks tbere are ft tcb abunoance of people, ano of tobole 
 fam'lfesinljabiting.tbateuen tlje Europeans tbcmfeluce ooe greatlptoonoertljereat: infomucb ^(itchmfan 
 t\)*t fome (albeit bepono meafure) Ijatte bene perftoaoeotljat tljcre are as manp people Dtoelling <S£j«5teK. eart ' 
 Upo a tlje toater as bpon tbe latto,ii2eitber toere tptf inouceo fo to tljinkc altogctljcr toitljout p?o= 
 taab'litic : fo; toljereas tbe kingoom of China is in all parts thereof interfufeo tottlj commootoua 
 ritters,* in manp places conlllletlj of toaters,barges $ boats being euerp-toljcre berp common, it 
 mig'.it eaGlp bee fuppofeo,tbat tbe number of toater-men toas eqttal bnto tlje lauo-inbabitants. 
 Jt)otobeit,tbatts to bebnoerCooobp amplification,tobereastbe cities bo ftoarme fo ful toitlj citi= 
 ?ens 9 tlje countrietoitb peafants. Leo. Qty abunoance of people tobiclj pou tcllbs of fcemetlj ' 
 
 bcrp (itangettoljercupon 3 coniecture tbe foile to be fertile.tlje aire to be bolcfome,ano tbe tobole 
 kingoom to be atpeace* Michael. |?oit baue(fricno Leo)fulitioiciallp conic cturco tbofctbjee r jj 6 i c is, mf fl(rt 
 fo^ tljep oo all fo ercel,p toljicb of tlje tlj?ee in tljis kingoom be mo?e ercellent,it ts not ealie toDif* ptow? « vml 
 cerne.anD Ocnceit is tljattbis common opinion batlj bene rife among tbe Porcugals ; namcip,tljat mcteu « 
 tbe kingoom of China toas neuer biGtcD toitb tbofe tb?ce molt beaup $ fljarpe fcottrges of man-: 
 kino,toarre,famine,$ pclIilence,T0ut tljat opinion is moje common tljen true : tttljetis tljcre Ijaue 
 bene mod terrible intettinc ano ciutletoarres, as in manp ano molt auccnticallbtftories ittsre< 
 co^oeDJ fitbensalfotljatfomep?ouincesoftljefapokingDom,ettcnintljefccttrOapcs 5 bauebcne cw . 
 afflicteo toitb pettilence ano contagious oifeafes, ano toitlj famine. Jfotaobcte > tljat tlje fojefaio man " t '" <:a » 
 tb?ee benefits oo migbttlpflouriuj ano abouno in China, it cannot be ocnieo. JFo? (tljat 31 map 
 Srft fpeakc of tlje fatalm'tie of tbe aire) tlje fatljcrs cf tlje focietie tljemfeiues are toititelfcs, 
 
 Hhb 3 tljat 
 
po The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, A defcription of China. 
 
 tljat fcatcelp in aup otljcc rcalme tijcre are fo manp founo tbat.liue imto oecrcpite anoejctrcme 
 old age ;fo great a mulcf cube tjB thereof ancient aim graueperfonages : neither Doe tbsp bfe fa 
 manp confections and medicines, no? fo manifolo anofumnptoapesof coring oifeafes, ag toee 
 fatt accuffomeo in Europe,jf o? amongi! tljcm tbep hatte no Tpblebotomie o?lctting ofbloob: but 
 all their cttres,as ours alfo in Iapon,are atcbieueo bp fafling,dccoccions of berbcs, 5 light 0? gen- 
 tle potions , But in this bebalfe let euerp nation pleafetbemfelues iuitb tbcitonjnc cufiomes. 
 3$obo,itifruitfulnes of foile this kingdom certes dotb ercel,far furpafftng all other kingdoms of 
 tljc Cad : pet is it nothing comparable bnto the plentie ano abundance of Europe, as 31 baue 
 declared at large in the fonner treatifes ♦ %vx tlje kingoom of China is, in thisregard, fo bigf^ 
 Ip crtolleo, becaufe there i$ not anp region in the €aft partes that abounoetb fo toitb marcban* 
 site, ano from to&enccfo much traflique isfent ab?oaD . jFo? tobcreas this hingoome is moS 
 large $ full of naufgable titters, fo that commodities map cafilie be conuepeo outof one p?ouince 
 into antother : the Portugals ooe find fuel) abunDance of mares nutbin one and the fame Citi'e, 
 ■stiwrityor (tohtclj perhaps is the greatett apart thjougbout the toljolekingoome) tbattbep aretocrilppcr* 
 cSSmo! " ftoaoed,tbatthefamcregion,ofallothers, mottaboundetljtoithmatcbanoife: toljicbnottoith* 
 Gandingisto be bnderflooo of the ©?tentall regions: albeit there are fome kinoes ofmarcrjan* 
 oife,iubcrebJitb the lano of China is better ffo?eo then anp other kingdom, %\j& region affo?oetI) 
 «p«at abiitf efpcciallp funojp kinos of mettals.of tobtcb the cbiefe,both in ercellencie g in abundance, is gold, 
 tomwofgon jxi^crcof fa manp Pezoes are brought from China to India, ano to our countrcp of Iapon, that 31 
 hearofap, that in one ano the fame lbip,tbis p?efentpeere, 2000 fuchpiecesconCttingof malfie 
 golo,as the Portugals commonlp call golden loaues,toere b?ought onto bg fo? marcbanotfe:anb 
 oncofthefcloauee is mojtbalmoft 1 oooackats4>cnce it is that in the kingdom of China foma* 
 np things are aoojneo U)itb golo, as fo? crample,beos, tables, pictures, images, litters to - herein 
 nice ano oaintie oames are carted bpon their fcruatmts backes, Neither are tljcfc golden loau c s 
 onelp bought bp the Portugals, but alfo great plentie of golo-ttoine and Ieaues of gold : fo? tbe 
 jKKAfnojcof Chinians can uerp cunninglp beate and ertenuate golointo plates ano Ieaues . 'Ebere is alfo 
 orntr. great Oo?e of filuer, tohmof(tbat 3! map omit other arguments) ttisnofmall Demonfiratfon, 
 
 that euerp pcere there are b?ought mto the cttie commonlp called Camam bp the Portugal mar* 
 chants to buie wares, at the leafl 400 S eftertium thereof, and pet nothing in a manct is conuei* 
 eoout of theChinian kingdom: becaufe the people of China abounding toitb all neceffaries, are 
 notgrcatlpinfiutlttiueo?beitrousofanpmarchandife from other kingoomes . 31 doe here omit 
 the Sbiluermines tobereof there arc great numbers in China, albeit there is much circumfpec* 
 tionbfeo in digging the Bluer thereout : fo? the king ffanoetb much in feare lead it map bee an 
 cccafion to fttrrebp the couecotts ano greedie humour of manp ♦ 5ftotoe their fiuterluhicbtljep 
 put to bfesis fo? the mofl part pairing rtne, and purified from all o?oiTe, ano therefore in trping 
 it tijep bfc great diligence , lh\)&t fboulo 31 fpeake of their iron, copper, lead, tinne, ano 0* 
 thcrmcttals, and alfo of their quick-Outer*: ©fall tobiclj in the realme of China tijcre is great 
 abundance, ano from thence tbep are tranfpo?tco into oiuers countreps . hereunto map bee ao* 
 tpcarieo. ten tlje lnouberfuU flo?e of pearles, uil)ich,atthe3!le of Hainan, are founo in ujell-ntbes taken 
 bcrpctmninglpbpcertaineDiuers, ano ooe much enlarge the kings reucnues ♦ 'But noli) let 
 <$uarsoK of vjspjocceobntothcfetlkeo?33ombpcineflecce, tohereof there is greatplentte in China : fo 
 oihem chma. £ {, tU cueu a!Si tljctjuf banDmen labour ttvmanurino; tfje eartfji, ano in' touring of Sice ; folikenrife 
 the tojomen doe emplop a great part of their timeinp?eferuingoffilke-mo?mcs, ano in scenting 
 anotoeauingof ^>ilke. licence it is that euerp peere the Sting ano gQueene toitb great folcmnitic 
 come foojttj into a publtque place, the one oftbem touching a plough, anothcotljer aspulbcrte 
 trcc,b)iththeleancsbJhereofg)ilke-too?mesaren5uriujeo : ano both of tbem bp thiscereino* 
 nie encouraging both men ano toomenbnto their bocatton and labour: tohcreas othcrtoife, all 
 the tohole peere th?oughout,no man befioes thep?incipall magittrates,maponceattaine to tlje 
 fight of the king* £Df this §>ilke 0? Bombpcinc fleece there is fucrjabundance,t^at th?ee IbippeB 
 fo? tbemoGpatt comming out of India to thepo?t of Macao,$'at the leattone cucrp peerecom* 
 &iirc b?0D9tjt ming bnto bs.are laoett efpeciallplutth this fraight,and it is bfeo not onelp in India, but carted e* 
 mto iapon. ttenbntoPortugal.)i5cithcristheJFleetitfeIfeonelptranfpo?tcothence,butalfooiuer!Sffund?p 
 fluffes tooucn tbcreof.fo? the Chinians do greatlp ejrcel in the 3rc of nieauing, and 00 berp muclj 
 refemble our meauers of Europe . fl0o?eotter the kingdom of China abounoetlj uiitlj motttofilie 
 fpices 9 ooottts,ano efpeciallp toit^ cpnamom (albeit not comparable to the cpnamom of Zeilan) 
 ©piece, <r,im • ^ith camphtrc alfo $ mufke,luhtch tsberp p?tncipal 9 gooo. Sguf ke oeriueth his name fro a beaft 
 pj)irc,$ miiitif. o ^ e fame ngme ^^ beaft refembleth a "BetteOfro the parts tobereof b?ufeo | putrified p?o» 
 ceeoetb a moll delicate 9 fragrant fmel toljiclj the Portugals highlp efleem, comonlp calling tijofe 
 parts of tlje fo?cfaid bca8s(becaufe tljep are like bnto the gorges of foule^Paposjf comiep grew 
 
 plentp 
 
jidefcriptionofQhina. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 91 
 
 pinup of them into Indian to bs of Iapon.l5ut toho tooulo belecue,tbat there toerc fo much gofl1= emtoinnooro 
 
 pine 0? cotton-toool in China ; tohereof fuel) bartetp of clotljess are mane likebnto lumen ; tohich ?J?"\ % S" 11 " 
 
 toe our felue? do fa often bfe,gt tohich alfo is contieieD bp fea into fo manp regions'jltet bs noto m» ""<&'• 
 
 treat of c^at earthen o? pliable matter commonlp calleo porcellan, vnbicb is pure tohite,^ is to be 
 
 etteemcti the bett Cttffe of that kino in thetohole too?to:toherof bettels ofall hinss are berp cttrt- 
 
 ouflp frameo ♦ 3 fap,it is tlje btB carthenmatter in all the too?lD, fo ? th?ee qualities ; namelp,the 
 
 clcannefflj,tljebeautp,£thellrength thereof, ^IjcreisinDrcoothet matter to be founomo?eglo- rTesofporcIt; 
 
 rious.ano mo?e coBlp,bttt none fo free from bncleannes,anD fo Durable: this 31 aDDe,in regaro of '»". 
 
 glaffe,tobichinbeeo is immaculate ano clcane, but map e afilp be b?oken inpicces. Fiji's matter 
 
 tSDiggeo, not tbo?otoottt thetohole region ofChina, but ouelpin one of the fiftecncp?ouinces 
 
 calleoQuianfi, tohcreincontinuarip berp manp artificers are implopeoaboutthe fame matter: 
 
 neither Doe thep onelp frame thereof fmaller beirels,as bifijes, plattcrs/falt-fellcrs, ctocrs, ano 
 
 fuclj like, but alfo certaine huge tunncs, ano bcflels of great quantitp, being berp finelp ano cun^ 
 
 ninglp Drought, tohicb,bp rcafon of the Danger anD DifFicultp of rarriage,are not tranfpo?t ec out 
 
 oftherealmel but are bfco onelp toithin it, ano etpcciallp in the kings court, 'fthebeautpofthis * ,; 
 
 matter is much aupientco bp barictp of picture,tobich is lapcD in certaine colours Upon it,tohile 
 
 it is pet ncto,goloe alfo being atoeD thereunto,tohich makctf) the fo?efapo bclTels to appearr moll 
 
 beautifull, 3It is toonDerfult hoto highlp the po?tugaIs Do elf ccme thereof, feeing thep do, toith 
 
 great Difficult?, tranfpojt the fame, not onelp to bs of Iapon ano into India, but alfo into funD?p 
 
 p?ouinccs of Europe. Onto the marchanDi?e aboue-mtntioneD map be aooco Diners anofunojip fo^us; 
 
 plants, the rootes tohereof be right holefomefo? mens boDies,anDberpmeDicinable, tohich are 
 
 brought bneo our ales of Iapon,ano bnto manp other aianDs, amongtt the tohich that toooomap 
 
 bercckoneo, tohich (bp a fynechdoche) is calico ©hetoooD of China, being of notable fo?cc to 
 
 erpell out of mens boDies thofchumours, tohiclj tooulD b?eeo contagious Difcafes, 'Eo tl;efepou 
 
 map aoDe fugar^canes (fo? in the realme of China there is great Go?e of ercellent fugar) tohiclj is fengar. ) 
 
 conuepeobp the pc?tttgals berp plentifully, both into our countrep, anD alfo into India, spp 
 
 fpeecbesbttereDimtntDtatlp befo?e concerneDmarchanDijc onelp, in regarD tohereof this king* 
 
 Dome is bcncficiallnot to itfelfe alone.but mott profitable to manp othcrnations alfo. 3s fo? thofe 
 
 fr utts tohich pertaine to perelp fullenance ano common fooo, thep can fcarfe be numbjeo : albeit, chi„ m a ma* 
 
 of thofe thjeecommoDitiestotjich thep of Europe fogreatlp account of ;namelpofcomcs,bines, nKSenfyiteJf 
 
 ano olittes the lano of China is not berp capable: fo? the Chiniansknoto notfo much as the mi , ™' u " ,M ** 
 
 name of an SDIiue tree (out of theftuit tohereof oiie is crpjeflcD) neither pet the name of a bine. 
 
 ■SDhe p?ouince of Paquin is not altogether oefiitutc of toine , but tohetber it be bjought f torn o* 
 
 tljer places, o? there maoe, 31 am not able to fap : although it abounoeth toith manp other, antt 
 
 tljofcnotbnpleafantliquours, tohiclj map fertte in the UeaD of toine itfelfe, #2oto, astoucbtng 
 
 come, tljereisinDeeo toheatfotoeninalltljeptouinccs, hotobeit rife is in farremojebfe ano re* 
 
 quefi then it : ano fo in regaro of tljefe ttoo commoDities profitable fo? mans life ; namelp, toine 
 
 ana come ; the m'ngDome of China ano our countrep of Iapon map be compareD together. 
 
 Leo. jOotthaueDifcourfeD (Michael) of tlje fruttfulheffe of China, tohereof 31 ba.ue oftenhearo, 
 
 that it is nolefle pleafant tbenfruitfnl,ano 31 hatte bene efpectallp inouceD fo to tljinke.at the fight «ftinurt 
 
 oftheChinianmaps, Michael. CheettngitfelfeagreesrigbttocUtortbtheptcture:fo?tljep ,nfl ^- 
 
 that Ijaucfeene the meDiterrano? inner parts ofthekingbome of China, Dorcpo?tit to beamoQ 
 
 amiable countrep, aDojneo toith plentp of toooos, toith abunoance of fruits ano gralfe, ano toith 
 
 tooonDerfullbarietpofrtuers.toheretoithtljeChiniankingDomcistoatcreDlikeagarDen; Di= 
 
 uers of tohiclj fitters! Doe naturallp flotoe , ano others bp arte anD inbutlrp are oeritteD into funojp 
 
 places, Butnoto 31 totllintreat of tlje tranquillitp ano peace of China, after31hauefpofeena 
 
 too?D o?ttoo concerning tlje maners of tlje inhabitants. 'Ehis nation is inoucD toith ercellent 
 
 toit ano Derteritp fo? tlje attaining of all artes , ano, being berp conftant in their otone cutlomes, 
 
 tljep ligljtlp regarb the cuffomes o? fafijions of other people, ^hep bfe one ano tlje fame kinoc of ^"« wrpBrir*. 
 
 betture,petfo,thatthereisfomeDifltnctionbetbJeenetljcapparellofthcmagiflrateetoftljccom= w^fSS 
 
 mon fubiect, Hhep all of them do tocare long Ijaire bpon tljcir ljeaD3,anb,after the maner of too= anB - 
 
 men,Do curioufip keame their Daintp locks hanging Dotone to tlje gtounD,anD,hauing ttoineo ano 
 
 bouno them bp, tljep cotter them toitlj calles, tocanng funs?p caps thereupon, acco?oing to tljeir 
 
 age ano conottlon. 3[t fcemeth that in oloe time one language toas common toalItljep?ouim ^rtjefr iatt« 
 
 ees ntottoithfiaitbing, bp reafon of barietp of p?onunciation, it is berp muchaltcrco, ano is Diui= SUd3t- 
 
 aeo intofunD?piDiomeso?p?op?ietiesoffpeeclj, acco?DtngtotheDiucrsp?omnccs:botobeit, a- 
 
 mongtlje magiflrates, anDinpublikeafTcmbliesofiuDgement, tljcreisone ano the berp fame 
 
 feinoc of languagebfeo tho?otoout tlje toljole realme , from the tohich (as 3! hauc fapo) the fpcecfj <zwt \ov*m 
 
 ofecfjp?oumcc Differed not a little ♦ Spo?eo«er this people is moll lopallanbobeDientbmo the 25? ^ &r * 
 
I 
 
 91 The English Voyages,Nauigations, A de/cription of China. 
 
 king aim bis magistrates, tthich is the p;tucipaU caufe of tljett ttanquillicp qt peace, jpo? ttbcrt* 
 
 ns the common fo?t ooeapplp tljemfelues Unto the Difcrction and becke of inferiour magittrates, 
 
 ano the inferiour magiOraces of tlje fuperiour,and the fuperiour magittrates oft^c king Mmfelfe, 
 
 framing ano compofing all tljeir actions ano affaires Unto that leuell jatto?lD tt is to fre.intobac 
 
 cquabtlitp and inoifferencp of iuffice all of them do leaoe tljcir Iiues, ano Ijott o;oerlp the publike 
 
 laiues are atrniiniureD. CObitlj thing notttitljttanDing (ball be Ijanoieo mo;e at large, toben toe 
 
 ^iicinaboiii* come to intreat of tlje gcttemment. Lima. CeIlUsnott(Michael)oftheinouttrpoftbatpeo« 
 
 ous nman. pT C ^jj erc0 fjD C jj mte [ )mo great rcpojtjs, Michael, -i^ljetr inouOrp is efpeciallp to be oifccc=» 
 
 neo in manuarpartes ano occnpations,anDtljereint[)eChinians do fttrpalfemottoftfjefe Caller* 
 
 I? nations. jTa? there are fuel; a number of artificers ingeniouflp anD cunningly framing fund;? 
 
 Deuices out of goloe, filtter, ano other mettals, as Itketoifc of (tone, toooo, anD ether matters con« 
 
 uenientfo;mansufe , tljattbettrcctsofcttiesbetngreplentftjeDtoitbtljeirftjopsanDfinetuo^e-- 
 
 ©ainting. manfljip , arc Uerp ttoonDerfttll to beholDe. 15efiDes ttbom alfo tbrreare Uerp manp painters, 
 
 bung cither the pcnfillo; theneeDle (of tohicbtbe laafo;tarecaIlcD<£mb;otljerers) anD others 
 
 alfo that curiouflp tto;ke goloe-tttine upon rlotlj cither of linnen 0; of cotton : tohofe operations 
 
 of all kinos arcDiligentlp conuepeo bp tlje Portugals into India. IZD^cit: inouftrp oottj no lefleap* 
 
 jisimttcB. peare in founding of gttnnes ano in making of gun-potoDer,tobereof are maDe manp rare anD ar* 
 
 Miliums- tificiall fire-too;ks. "iEo tf;cfe map be aoocd the arte of Minting, albeit their letters he in manec 
 
 infinite ano mod Difficult , tljepo ;traitrtres tohereof the p cut in toooD 0; in b;affe, ano toith mar* 
 
 uetfous facilitie thep Daplp publiu) huge multitudes of boofes.illnte fljefc mecba>ucall $ illiberall 
 
 j&aufsatwn. crafts poumapaDOetttonioje; tbatistofap, nattigationanDDifcipHneoftoarre; botboftohtcfj 
 
 Ijaue bene in ancient times moCoiligcntlpp^actifeDbp the inhabitant^ of China :fo;(astoebaue 
 
 before CgnificD in the thitD Dialogue) the Chinians failing euen as farre as India, fuboueo feme 
 
 part tljerof iinto their ottnc Dominion : hotobeit aftcrttarD, lead tljep ujoulo Dimmiuj the fo;ceis 
 
 of their realme bp Difperfing"them into manp pjtouinces , altering tljcir counfell, thep Determined: 
 
 to containe tljemfelues ttitbin their otone limits : ttithin tthich limits (as 31 baue fapo) there 
 
 lucre in oloe time uehement ano cruell ttarrcs , both bctttccne the people of China tljemfelues, 
 
 ce* tartars ano alfo againll the Tartarian king, ttho inuaDeD their kingoome, anD bp himfelfe ano his fuccef« 
 
 wamsttionci: f 0Ur3j f j a long fcafott,UftirpeD the gcuernment thereof. Ipottbeit tljefeings oftheTartarian 
 
 race being tto;ne out, anD tljcir flocke ano familp being Dtterlp abolifbeD, the C hinians began to 
 
 life top their beads, ano to aDuance tljemfelues., iniopingfo;thefe 2oopeeresladpafferceeDing 
 
 peace ano tranquillitp , anD at this Dap the podericp of the fame king that crpelleo the Tartars, 
 
 toitlj great Dignitp toearetb the crotttte.ano urielDcth the ropall fcepter. Albeit t hetxfo je the pco-- 
 
 plcofChina (efpeciallp thep that inhabit ^outljerlp from the pjouinceofPaquin) are, fojtlje 
 
 moll part,bp rcafon of continuall cafe ano quiet, grotoen effeminate, anD their courage is abatco, 
 
 nottoithftaitDing thep tooulopjooue notable anDb?auefouIoiers,iftljepiopneDi3feanDerercife 
 
 Unto their naturall fo^tituoe. 9s a man map eafilpobferuein t^em, that maintaine continuall 
 
 putu. ci ' ' luarresagaintttljemoa barbarous anD cruel Tartars, ©otobeit in this bingDome of China tljere 
 
 is fo great regarD of militarp Difcipline, thatno citp no; to tone tljere is DeQitute of a garifon, tlje 
 
 raptaincs ano gotternours keeping cth man his joer ; toljich all of them, in euerp p jouince, are 
 
 - fubiectbneo the kings lieutenant generall fo j the loarres, luhomthepcaHGhumpin,anDpethe 
 
 OTictitcramce Ijnnfclfc is fubiecc unto theTutano?bicerop. ttt us noto come Unto that arte, UjfcicbtbeChi- 
 
 ofchina. niansDomofi ofallpjofeffe.anDtohicbujemap, not unfitlp, call literature 0? learning, jfo? al* 
 
 though it be commonly repo?teo , that manp libcrall fciences, anD efpecialip naturall ano mo?alI 
 
 phplofophp are HuDicD in China, ano that tljep hattc tllniuerfities there.luberein fuch ingCnuoug 
 
 artes are Deliuerco ano taught, pet, fo? tlje moff part,this opinion is to be efleemeo mo?e populac 
 
 then true : but 31 toillDeclare, upon tuhat occalion tljis conceit firtt greU). "Che pcopleof China 
 
 Doc, aboue all tljings, p jofeffc the arte of literature ; ano learning itmofl Diligentlp, thep implop 
 
 thcmfelucgalongtime anD the better part of their age therein. jTo?tljis caufe, in all cities ano 
 
 totones, pea, anD in petp uillages alfo , there are certaine fcljole-mafiers hiwD fo; KipenDs to in= 
 
 Cruet chilD?en:anD their literature being (asoursinlaponisalfo) inmaner infinite, tljcir rfjil* 
 
 Djenare put to fcbole euen from their infancpanotenDer peeres,from tohencenottoithttanDing 
 
 fuch are taken atoap , as are itiDgeo to be Unfit fo; the fame purpofe , ano are traineD Up to mar* 
 
 cljanDife 8? to manuarp fciences s but the refioue do fo Dedicate themfelues to the ttudp of learn* 
 
 ing.that (a flrange tljing it is to confiDer) being conuerfant in the p;inclpH books, tljep tofll ea« 
 
 flip tel pou,if thep be affecD the quellion.hoto manp letters be concerned in euerp page,arjo tohese 
 
 cclj letter is placeo, |5oUj, fo; the greater pjogreffe anD increafe of learning, thep (as tbemanec 
 
 •arbice brgrccs [ B m Europe) do appoint th;ee Degrees to the attaining of noble fciences; tbat is to fap,tbe lotted, 
 
 in annua. t bcmtDDle degree, and tlje rjighefl, equates of tljefirU degree ate called Siufai, ofthefecono 
 
 Quiugin, 
 
A definition of China, Traffiques and Difcoueries. 9] 
 
 Qumgin.anDoftljetbetljirDChinzu. anDinecbcitpojtoalleDtotonc tljcreis a publtqueljotife 
 callen tbe Suljoole , ano Unto that all tljcp Doe refo jt from all puuate ano pc tp-fctjooles tljat are 
 mtnoec to obtaine tlje firfr Degree ; toherc tljep Do amplifte a fentence 0} cljeame p?opounBet) unto ? r t j£ fir11 be ' 
 them bp fomc magiftrate : ana tljep.vurjofe flilc is mo?e elegant ano cefim D.are.in eel) citp.gracco 
 U)itb ttje firtt Degree* 2Df fucb as afpirc Unto trjc fccono Degree triaU 10 inaoconelp in tlje metro- 
 politan 01 pnncipall citp of tbep?ouince,tobereunco,tbep of tbefirfl Degree, euerp tljiro pere,batie zfa fccono 
 recourfe, ano, in one publiheboufe o? place of affemblp, Doe, tbe fecono time, make an oration of "a 1 "- 
 another fentence obfeurer then tlje former , anD Doe bnDergo a mo}t feucre eramination. 5ftoto, 
 rrjere is cotnmonlp futb an huge mtmituoe ofpeople,tbat tbis lafi perc,in tbe fo?efapo famous ti« 
 tp of Cantam,bp reafon of tbe intreDtble affemblp of perfons flocking to tljat publike act 0} coin* 
 menccmcnt,at tijeflrtt entrance of tlje Doo?es,tbere toere manp troijen bnocr foot,anD quelleo to 
 bentb , as toe baue bene tnott certainlp infomieo. $$>o?couer tbcp ttjatfuc foj tbe bigbctt cr grce SJ£9J* *$ 
 grefubiccttmtoamoiifeuereano eraetcenfure, bJberebptbeparctobccrsmineDattljtilimgs v M ' t% " 
 Court onelp, ano tbatalfo euerp tbirDperenert infmngtbefapDpereuit)ereiugraDuatcsoftl;e 
 fetono oegrfc are elccceo inccb p^outncejanDva certaine number being p?efcribtD bnto eucrp pac 
 ticularp?oitiHce,t!)epDoafcenDMntotbatbtgbeftpitcbofDignitp,iobtcbisinfogrcatregarDtoiib $otitwew 
 tljclunsbunfeife, tbattbctb?eepuncipallgraDuatesDo, fo?!;onoursfakc,ti?tnkeo{facupfi!lcD traonmwuq? 
 cuentoitlj tljcJKings otone Ijano, ano are graccDtoitlj other folemnities. 2Dut of tljis o?T3cr tlje tSbytbt 
 cljiefc magia rates are cbofen : fopfter that tbep baue attaincDbnto this tbirD Degree, beinga ^^•"Bj'f 
 labile traineo bp in the latocs of tbercaIme,anD in tbe precepts of b?banttp, tbep are aDmitteDbn* i M nKO P gra. 
 to Diners functions. jfleitber are toe to tbinke that tlje Chinians be altogether oeflitute of otber 6u «« CB - 
 nrtes, jfoj, as tonebmg mojall pbilofopbp , all tljofe bookss^re fraugrjt toittj tlx precepts ttjere= ^ < "*W°' 
 of,tobicb,fo? tbeir iuflructions fakc,are altoapes conuerfant tn tbe banos of tbe fo?efapo QuDcnts, c 
 toliercinfurtjgraucanDpttbpfentcnccs arcfetDotone, tbat, in men moid oftbc light of tlje (Eof* 
 pell, moje can not be DeGreD. Ebep baue books alfo tbat intreat of things ano caufes naturall, $S£ n ^ 
 but herein it is to be fuppofeD,tbat afuiell tbeir boohs as ours do abouno ixitclj errors* % here be 
 otber books among tljcm, that Difcourfe of herbs anD meoicines, anD others of cbiualrp ano mar= 
 tiall affaires, ja either can 3! bm omit, that certaine men of China (albeit thep be but feto, a»D 
 rare to be foutiD) are ercellent in the knotoleoge of aflronomp,bp tobicb knotoleoge of theirs t!je ^omne'ax . 
 oapesoftbc nctomooneinctDenttocuerpmonetbaretruelpDifpofeDanDDigelteD, anoarecom* cbin». 
 mttteo to touting aMjptiultfbeo: befiDes, thep Doe molt infallibly fojctell the eclipfes of the 
 g>un auDSpoone : ano tobatfoeuerknonileDge in this arte toe of Iapon baue , it is Deriueo front 
 tbem, Leo. CQcDoefreelp confeffe that (Michael) {fthens our books mtrcating of the lame 
 arte arc , a great part of them , tojttten in the characters oj letters of China. 33ut noto, tn= 
 fiructpoubs as touching tljeir maner of goucrnment, tobereintbe Chmians are fapo greatlp to 
 mell. Michael, ■©[jat, that, in berp'oeeo, is their cljiefe arte , ano bnto that all their learn- Hfj^ew 
 ing aiiDerercifc of letters is oirrcccD, Whereas therefore, in the kingDome of China, one one* orchin* 
 Ip king bearcs rule ouer fo manp p jouinccs , it is Orange tobat a number of spagiffratcs are bp 
 htm createo to aominitter publique affaires. jFo? (toomi|fbem tobtcbin ccb eLotonesnD Citp 
 haue turiftiction ouer the totonefmen anD citizens) tl^ere are tl;>re p^tncipall spagiCfratfstne= 
 uerp pjotttnee. %\)t firtt is be tbat batb to Deale in cafes criminall, anD is calleo Ganchafu : the iam pim. 
 feconD is the iSings jTollerer,anD is calico Puchinlii: the tbirD is the ticu-tenant generall fe? the nra»Min«fr 
 toarrcs, namco, astoefapD before, Chumpin. tlhefethjee therefore baue tbeir place of reft* pjoum«. 
 Dence in tbe cbiefeCup of the pjottince : anD tbettoo former baue certaine affoctatcs of their 
 otone o?ber, but of tnfertour autbontp, appointeo in Diuers Cities ano 'Catones, bnto torpm, ac* 
 coding to the barietp of caufes, the (Souemoursof ?Dotones, ano tbeapaiojsof Cities Doe ap-- 
 pcale. Ootobeic tlje th?eefojcnameDSl9agiflratcs are in fubiertion bnto the Tutan, that is, the 
 Clice-rop, o?DaineDinccljp?outnce, &no allthefeSpagiflratesbeare officefojtbefpaceoftbiec 
 peeres together: pet fo, tbatfo?tbegoucrningofechp?oiiince,notanpofthtfamep?ottince,but 
 Qrangers, tljat is, men of another pjouince, are felccteo : tobereof it comme tb to paffe, that tlje 
 3!ttDges map gitte fentence toitb a farremoje entire ano incorrupt minoc , tljen if tljeptoerea^ 
 mongf eir otone kinfefolke ano allies, ©ueranb bcfiaesalltbefe, tberetsanannuallo?peere= 
 Ipspagidrate, tobtcb is calleo Chaicn, tohofeDuetpit is tomakeinquifition of all crimes, anoc< 
 fpeciallptbectimesof^agiilrates, ano alfo to puniflj common offences : but concerning tlje 
 faults of tbe great magiflratcsto aDmoniflj tlje king himfclfe. ©f tljis o?Der,cucrp perc,are fent 
 out of tie ISings Court, fo? ccbp?ouince, one ; ano going ouer all the Cities ano ketones there- 
 of, thep Do moll Diligcntlp ranfacke ano fercrj out all crimes, anobpon the m toljicb are imp nfon^ 
 eo thep inflict Due puniujment, o?, being founDJiot guiltp, tljep DifmilTe tljein bnpunifhcD. ijxnce 
 it is, tbat all S©agifltates greatlp fearing to be calleo in queflionbptlje Chaienare toeli kept 
 
 tottbtH 
 
Oentn China. 
 
 ^TfiecftiittBof 
 
 ptMS 111 Cbina. 
 
 fi-Mtitingrfie 
 IIOUC ill Cbina, 
 
 fonmnable 
 pioceflionof 
 rbeCftiniatt 
 HiagtOratcs. 
 
 tt)c<Sillii!<m 
 
 niagi«tatt3. 
 
 94. TheEnglifh VoyagesJ>lauigmons,JctefcriptionofCbina. 
 
 ttttijm the limits of ctjetr callings. 25eGoes all ttjefc spagiflrates tbere teat eitber Court, 
 <3tuoo Senates namelp in tbcfiottb, aito in tbe ^outb, a Senate oj Ijonouraljlc affemblp of grauccounfcl= 
 "etiniiaii^oi. lours , vmtotbetobtclj, out of allpjouinces, nccojoing to tlje neereneffe ano Dittance of tbe 
 place , affaires of greater toeigbt ano moment are refcrrco, ano up tljeir autbojitp Diuers 5©agi« 
 Crates are creates : bootbeit ttjc managing ano crpeoitiouof p;wicipall affaires is commute o 
 bttto tlje Senate of Paquin. fgtojeouer tbere arc euerppecre certaine spagiflrates apuoin* 
 teoinecbpjouince, togoebntotbeking : ano euerp tljiro pecrc all tbe ©ouernours of Cities 
 ano of Coiunes no JriKt btm at once, tobat time trial! is maoe of tbem tljat afpire unto tbe tljiro 
 Degree : bpontnljicljoccaGon tbere is at tlje fame time an* tncreoible number of people at tbe 
 SStngs Court, 35p reafon of rljis excellent o?Der ano barmonp of spagiflrates placeo one bnoec 
 another , it canfearfe be imagineo, toljatfmcetpeace ano tranquility fiouriujetbtbojotoout tbe 
 tobolctealrne, efpeciallpGHjens, after fpeeDpinquiGtion, petfons tbat are guiltp beput (as 
 tbe maner is tberc) to tbe pumujment of tbe uafionaoo : ncitljer pet are futts 0} actions anp lono; 
 timeoclapeo, Sllfo it is not to be oinitteo , tbat fo? the obtaining ofanpoignitpojinagiaracp, 
 tljeroapisopcn, toitljout all refpectofgcntrpojblooo, unto all men, iftbepbelcarnco, an&c» 
 fpecf alip if tbep Ijaue attaineo Ditto tbe ttjirn ano btgbeft Degree afojefapD. .tflettljcr can it be er* 
 pVfTco boi» obeoient ano ouetifttll tbe common fo j t are luu o tljeir fgagiflrat es , ano turn; tuljat 
 magntutence ano pompe tbe fapo S^agiffrates come abjoao : fo? tbe mofi part of tbem baue 
 fiftie o?tb?ecfco?.e Sergeants attenomg upon tbem, ano going before tbem, tUooanotuioina 
 ranke : fomcoftbemcarrpinglpalberDs, Spaces, ano 'Battle-ares: fome trailing pjoncbame* 
 topoit tlje grouno : otljcrs Ijoloing great roooes oj Caucs cf a certaine kinoe of reeoe , lnbere= 
 laitbmalefdCiours arepumfljeo, in tbeir bancs : anotteotberearetljatcartp.tntlofeDinacafe, 
 tbe kings feale peculiar to? eclj office : ano manp otbers alfo, tbat (be ui funojp tpectacfcs unto 
 tl;e people s ojljcreunto map be aooco tbe bojrible out-mes ano fbobJtes , tobtclj betuteene 
 tobiles tbcpMter, toflrikeaterrourimotljebeartsofallmen : anDatlengtljcometbeSJ&agi* 
 Orates tbemfrlues , being carrieo in a tbjone bpon tbe backs, of foure men , Ore men , 0} eigljt 
 «BejtoufeBof imn, accojoing to tbe Dignity of tbeir office, ^oto, as concerning tbeir Ijoufcs, tbep are berp 
 large ano fiatelp.bcing built ano furniujeotoitbaUneceffarpBuffe, at tbe Kings otonecoft, in 
 tbeboljiclj, to long as tbeir magiffrarplaflctb, tljep leaoe a bjaue ano anbonourablelife. %ty 
 fapobourcsaretottboutDatictp of Cojtcs one nbouc another, hibich in tbe fctngoome of Chin* 
 anoinourjilcs of Iapon alfo are not o?Dinarilp bfeofo? babitation , but either to heepe toatrij 
 anotoaro , o? etsfo? folace ano recreations false (foj tlje tebtebpurpofes , cigbt moflloftp tut* 
 retsofnitteflojies bigb are built) o? els fo? tbe Defence of Cities, Cpotubeit in otber regaroeg 
 tbefebuiloings Doe fbemfoojtbno fmall magnificence t fo?> tbep baue tbeir cittcrnesfojtbere* 
 ceitof raine-DJatcr, tobicbare aoo?neo tottb beautifull trees, fetinojoer, rouno about tbem r 
 ano tbep baue alfo tbeir places ocfigneo foj t be aomimflratton of iufitte , ano oiuers otber con« 
 uenitntroomesto uettoDj tbeir toiues ano families in, MJitbintbeooojesof tbe fojefapobabt* 
 tattons a certaine numberof Sergeants ano officers, bautngcabbinsojlittlcboufcsallotttB 
 tljem on botb Goes, Doe alttiapesgu^e tljeir attenoance; ano fo long as matters of iuDgement 
 areinDccioing,tbepbealtt)apes reaop at Ijano , tijat , at tlje Direction of tlje Sgagiftrates tljep 
 map citljec beat malefactours , o) bp tomients conftratne tljem to tell tbe tructb, Cb? Taps 
 epagtttratcs alfo baue tljeir peculiar barges toljwinto take tbe Uiatccj being in bjeaotb ano 
 lengtb not mucbDulibetotljegalleps of Europe, but fojfmiftneffe ano multituoe of oares,farrc 
 inferiourDnto tljem. l£berouiers,GttingDpon galleries uiitljout tlje batcbes ojcompaffeof tbe 
 barge, Doc moouett on fo>Djato\xittb tbeir oares : thereupon it commctb to paffc, tljattljemie« 
 Die part of tbe barge affoo^oetb fufficicnt roome fo? tlje 9(9agiffrates tbcmlelucsto abioe in, con> 
 tainuigcbambetstbereinalmoBasconuenient ano Ijanofome , asinanp of tbeirforefapopub^ 
 bqueboufes, together toitlj butteries ano Wttljins, ano fucbotberplaccsneceffarpfojtbepp 
 uiGon ano floatage of toictuals, Lee. 911 tbefc tljings agree rigbt totll toitb tbe reports, toljicfr 
 toebauebearo of tljeflatelp anorenotemco feingDome of China .- 31 tooulonont rigbt glaolp knoto 
 fometoljat concerning tbe ojoer tobtcb is obferuco in tlje obtaining of magiflracies, 
 CMichael. ^ott baue ctiquireoofamatter moflluoojtbp to beknomen, lubicb 31 IjaD almoff 
 omitteo to entreat of, 'Stlje Chinianstberefojeooeofe akinoeofgraDationinaDuanctng men 
 onto funojp places of autljojitp , tobicb fo? tbe mott part is perfojmeD bp tbe g>enatours of 
 Paquin. fro} firfl tbep are maoe 3uoges of Conines : tljen of Cities ; afterntarD tbep ate elec 
 teo to be of tbat ojocr , toljicb Decreetb puniftjments in cafes criminall toitbout furtljer jppeale, 
 0} of tbeir ojoer, tbat are tbe kings folicrers. 9no in botb of tbefe ©roers , tobicb are Derp bo= 
 nourable, tbere are manp places ano Degrees , fo tbat from tbe inferiour place tbep muft afceno 
 Dnto tlje fuptriour , Dntill tbep haue attaineo bnto tlje Ijigbefl Dignitp of all t ano immeoiatlp 
 
 after 
 
 «t1t magi* 
 rtwtre bac> 
 S«0. 
 
 ^Ibfinauctof 
 electing ma- 
 
 5i!>vacts III 
 Cbina. 
 
 JDegreealinto 
 
 5-oiiour, 
 
Jtdefcription ofQhina. TrafTiques, and Difcoueries. 95 
 
 after tljat tbepcoineco be Slice-ropes, lipouibeit tljis grattation 13 not alluav-:s arcomplilljco 
 tnoneanDthefamepjouince, but in twanging tbeir offices tbep change places anopjuiinces 
 alfo* S^ojeoucr , nert after the office of Slice-rop tbcp are capable to becbofcn&rnaiotirs of 
 Nanquin, ano latt of all to be electee into tlje Senate of Paquin. ji2oto, tljercisfurbanojDcr 
 mtb metbooeobferueD in tlje afcenoing onto thefebigmties, that all menmapeafilpconiccture. 
 tubat office anp one is to bnoereake. 3 no there is fo great Diligence ann celerity bfco fo? the 
 fubffitution of one into tbe roome of another, tljat, fojtbefamepurpofe, meffenserg are oifpat = 
 cheo bp lano, bpon ftoift pott-&o?fes , Unto Dtuera pjoninces , almoft ctoemp Dape s iouritf p from mms piti 
 tlje Kings Court. 3no , to be fljojc , there is fuel) Dittrict feucritp in begtatjtiig erjofe that bn= 
 iuttlp 0} negligent!? Demeane tljemfelues , from an honourable onto an inferiour ano bafe office, 
 o?altogether in oepjiuing them of the kings autbojitp; (batalig©agittratesDoe Catibinfcare 
 ofnotbingin tbe toojlomoje then of that* SDhefameojoer, almott, is obfertteo among the Cap= 
 caines ano Lieu-tenants generall ft? the toarres : erceptonelpintljem, that their birth ano of* 
 fpjingisrefpectcb : fo?manp there be, tobooefcenoingbp parentage fromfucljmen as Ijaue mnmu^ 
 in times patt atchieueo b?aue erploitsin toatfare, fofuoneastbepcome to fufficicnt pceres, "'"'"• 
 are created Centurions, Colonels, anuCoticrnours, bntillat latt tbep attaineto be Ltcu-tf- 
 nants generall ano p?otectours of fome tobole pjouince : tobo nottoiibttanbing (as 3 (jaue 
 fapo) are in all things fubiect bnto tlje Htce-rop. ailtlje fo?efapo gpagilf rates botlj of toarre 
 anb of peace haue a fet number of attendants allot ten bnto them, eniopinga fiipeno, ano carping 
 rmaine enGgnes ano peculiar baoges of tljeir office I ano (beftbes tlje o?Dinarp match , toljiclj 
 fbuloiers appointee fcutbe famepurpofe Doe iu tbe night feafen, after tlje Citp gates be fbtit, 
 keepe in their fo jt») toherefoeuet anp ODagittratc is, either at bis Ijottfe 0? in Ijis barge, tlje fapo 
 attendants flriking Upon a cpmball of bjaffe, at certaine appointee times, bo feecpe moff circum* 
 fpect ano continuall toatcb anb toare about bis perfon. Li»w. g>ou Ijaue (Michael) fuffici= 
 entlpnifcourfeooftljef^agtflrates s infrnmebs notoofthekingljtmfclfe, toljofe name is fore* 
 notomeo anb fpjeas ab?oao» Michael. Concerning this matter 31 toill fap fo much onelp as 
 bp certaine rumours bathcometomp knotolebge: foj of matters appertaining bnto the lungs ihtftjnjof 
 Court toe haue no epe-toitnefles, Athens tlje fatljers of tlje focictpbaue not aspet pjocreoeo china - 
 fintoPaquin, toljofofooneas (bpGtoosaflUrancc) tf)ep (ball tljerebe acriueo, toill bp their 
 letters mo?e fullp aouerttfe as. %\>e king of China therefore is honoured toitb toconoerfull re* 
 uerence anb fubmifii on clj ? oto tt t his toh dc Stealme : ano tobenfoeuer anp of bis chief c Sgapji* 
 Crates fpeaketh bnto bim, Ije calletb bim V A N-S V I , Cgnifping tberebp that be toilbctb tenne van-sui. 
 thoufanest of peeres bnto fjim, % be fiicceffion of tlje ktngbome oepenDeth bpon tb; blouo ropall : vm tucamm 
 fo? t^eelDeflfonne bojne of tlje kings firtt ano latofull toife obtainetb tbe ktngbome after ijiss of 'fl 8 " 1 ""'^ 
 fatbersoeceafe : neitbec Doe tbepDep?metbemfeluesof tbekinglp autljo^itpintbeir lifetime 
 (as tbe matter is in our Jlanos of lapon) but tlje cullome of Europe is tbere obferueb. jftoto, 
 tbat tlje fafctp ano life of tlje king mapttanbinmojefecuritp, (ji'spoongerbjetbien, anb tlje rett me mnga 
 I)o?neofconcub!ncsarenot permittebto liue in tlje kings Court s butpiaces of habitation are ?K t6,w 
 bp tlje king Ijtmfelfe affignebbnto tbem in biuers p?ouince« facte DiCant aQmoerj tobere tljep 
 btoellmolf commoDioullp, being comparable bnto kings ft? ttjeir builoings ano reuenues j boto-- 
 fccittheperercife no autljoutp ouer tbe people, but all the gouernment of thofe Cities toljerein 
 rljepotoell, concemetlj tbe ^agiflrates, toljo nottoitljUanbing bauc tbe fapbe princes in 
 high regaruauo honour > anODoebilit tljtmttoifeinamonetlj, ano falute tbem kneeling bpon 
 tfjetr knees, ano botoing tljcir faces botone to the eartlj : ano pet cbep communicate nothing 
 unto them as touching tljeabminiilratiottof tbeCommon-toealtlj. Cljefe aretbcptobiclj map 
 p^operlp be callentIjepcereso?p?incesoftl)eKealmeof China j fojtbepoeriuetbeirhoufes 
 anoceuenuegbntotbeirpotteritp, anofo are tljefe ropall families continuallp pjefccueb, ^ut 
 to returne bnto tlje king Ijimfelfe , bee is mott cljarp in obferuing the Chinian latoes ano cu» 
 Comes , anbDiligentlperercifetlj Ijimfelfe in learning fo much asconcemesbisettate, ujetoetfj 
 bimfelfe oaplpbnto bis cljiefe ^agrlirates , anb commtmetij of matters appertaining to tlje pub-- 
 liquecommobitpof theEealme, Epis palace is of tooonoetfulllargcneffeanocapacitp, outof 
 tbetobitbbeberp felbome takes bisp^ogreffe; anb tobenfoeuer Ije ooetljfo, tljerc are ttoelue ■artariuectja^ 
 tfjariots bjougljtfoo^, allof tbemmofl like one to another botlj in too?kemanftipanbinbalue, tl0ts - 
 tljat no man map Difcerne in toljiclj the king Ijimfelfe is places, ij)efollotoet!j in religion efpe- 
 ciallptbeopinion«of tbeS^agittrates.attributingoiuinepotoerbnta Ijeaucnano eartbasbuto 
 the parents of all , ano toitlj great folcmnitp facntlcing bnto tljem. Cpe bath Diners moft fump= tMuerJusm 
 tttous temples nebicatcb bnto Ijis ancetfours, tobereunto liketoifebe afcribetlj ciuine honour, °> 'lie :-;«»s»' 
 ano pet ceafetljljce not to fauour pjieits of other fects, pealjee ercctctlj Tcmplea bntotljeir 
 ijSatron? , t noototng tljem toitlj moft rictj reuenues ; ano fo often as anp b jgent uecclTup ■ 
 
 r/q«iret^ 
 
9 6 The Engliih VoyageSjNauigations., AdefcriptionofQhina, 
 
 rcquirctb, be cniopncscontinuall failings auc pjapeig Untotljem : ano after this fojtheDoetlj 
 in amanet patrom?e all tlje iooiatrous fects of bis Kealme , anD {hewing himfetfe reaDp to cm* 
 bjaceanpfaiTe religion iobatfocuer , henuetb in fttno?panDmanifolDe kinoes of fuperflition* 
 «8ccimTiso* 2Dut of all tlje fanner particulars bp me allecgco , pou map eafilp conitcture tljat tlje aDmini- 
 chj" wen (i' f . fi ra " ono ftfochtngDonieofChinai)oetl), fo? the moB part, agree Ujith the inffinctof nature, au= 
 BttMbiTto %t trjojtty being committee, not unto rtioe ano Unftulfull perfons, but unto fuel) as haue becne con= 
 *nj«n«ofna. ucrfantin tbcUfcanD crercife of learning, pea, ano in pjomotinglearneo men unto magtSra= 
 ties, great conGDeration is IjaD of their toifecome, tuCite,ano ofctljcruertucscttcemeD bptbe 
 Chinians: lntjcrefojetbe toaj/bcing open fo? all men, loithoutanprefpectof Degree o?parcn< 
 tage , to obtaine anp of the fo?efapo Dignities , it can not be but that this molt migbtp anD fa* 
 mous bingoome mull nceoes eniop frcteoing peace anD tranquillitp. Leo. % ujouId nolue 
 (Michael) tigljt glaolp UnDctttanD , tuhat kinoe of Djbanitp ojciufll Demeanour botlj tlje com- 
 mon people ano tljeS^agidrates Doe Ufe one totoaroes another : fo? it is not likclp that tubere 
 fuchDueaommtflrationofiuiriceis, common ciu[lup,tebichfotoeUbefecmethatlmen,lhou!o 
 «oefiiKiJ?f beujanting. Michael. SJoubauebitcuentljeDerpuaileontljcheaD : foj among the fine ber* 
 '"tft'mco a* twS » toh ' ch £ & c Chinians pjincipallp rcgaro , ujbanitp ojtourtefp is one ; tlje reff arepietp , a 
 mens tfie «!)(« tbanhcfuli rcmembjance of bent fttes , true Dealing in contracts oj bargames , ano toifecome in 
 mane, atcljieuing of matters t Urith the pjaifes anD commenoations of iuljich Demies the Chmian. 
 
 ©jbanit?. bookes are full fraught, 3$obj as touching their ujbanttp , it is much unlike Unto ours in Iapan, 
 ano Unto tljat of Europe : botobeit unset tvuo p jincipall kinoes tlje rule of their u jbanitp o? cout s 
 tefte map be compjehenoeo ♦ thereof one is obftrueo bctuoeenc equals , anD the other be* 
 tmeenefupetiours anD infertours. Jfoj tohen men of equallDignitp meet together, theptfano 
 ienDing tljeir backes , ano boUJing their hcaos Dotome to tlje grcune , anD this tljep Doe either 
 enceo? tuiife, oj fometimes tbjiCe. jftoiu, toben tlje tnferiour meets Intel) his fuperiour, tlje tapB 
 inferiour, fo? the moB part kneeling lonjlp on his knees, cncUnetb his countenance Dotune to the 
 earth. T5\xt hoto often ano luljen this obeisance is to be perfojmcD it is inoonDerf ull tohac a nunv 
 ber of rules ano pjefcriptions a " to Dotone, tohichto recount tooula require -a longtime. 
 &ometoljataIfo3IMlfapastouchingtheirpietp, anDefpeciallpoftljepietpujljichthepDfetos 
 «tje«8iniatia tuarDs tljeir parents , UJbiehUeriipisfo erceeDing great, thatfo^tbefpaceofthjceiuljolepcres: 
 SafoftBt"' together , the tonnes being claDDc in mourning Dcflures Doe betoaile tlje Death of theirparents, 
 paiints. tobichDuctp is perfonneo not onelpbp the common fojt, but eucnbp allthe facilitates tljem-- 
 felues , ano that moft curiouflp anD Diligentlp. 3no, that all men map toljoUp giue tljeir attcn* 
 Dance Unto this bttfmclTe , it is pjouiocDbp a moff tnuiolable lab) among tlje Chinians, tljat spa* 
 giErates, upon thcDeatlj of tljetr parents, mutt foo?th'a;ith renounce their autljcjitg, anD tlj?ce 
 m'nole peeres , foj tlje perfojmance of tljeir fathers ercqtties , muft betake tljemfelues unto apji* 
 state kinoe ofliutng i Ujhicb alfo is moll Duclp put in pjactifebp the feenatours of the Kings 
 otune£otmcell, jfoj albeit amanberigl]tgractottBintlieepesofhts'P?ince, pea, anDfncban 
 one, as Upon tohom tlje aDmimtfraticnof tljcKealmc ooeth pjincipallp DcpcnD; pet batiinpj 
 IjearDof tljeDcatljof Ijisparents, tljatts, ofljisfatljcro?biS motljcr , Ije fjies rjimfeife immcoi* 
 atlphometo folemnt5;e tljeir funerals.? tnfomttclj tljatiftije kingtooulD rctatneljim Cillin his 
 office, be fhoulDbc efteemcD bp the people-, as a tranfgrcuour cf tlje latees ano ctiComes of 
 China : tuljicljacciDenc (as it is reco?Deo) in ancient times fel out eucn fo, fo} toljenas a certain 
 « raemoiawe king tttofl famtltarlpufcD a certaine ^enatour of Ijis about tlje managing ano ejepeoition of pub=> 
 Oo,^ • lique affaires , ario unDetffanDing uuell hoto.neccffatp tlje helpe of his fojefapD S>cnatotir toas", 
 
 tnaulD glaDlp, after the Death of hiss father , Ijatte tetaineD Ijim Hill in his office J pet a certaine a-- 
 tber man, being a voeitoillet unto the Chinian latoes, coulDinnocareabtDett, but checking Ijis 
 IPjincetoithujarpe rebukes, obtcctcDtlje tranfgreiTtonof cljelato agatntt Ijtm. Cljekingtoar* 
 tnguj^otljmenaceD p?efctjt Death Unto the man : buttohentljepartp being no telji'tDanteDtoitlj 
 tlje terrour of Death, pcrftileDfltllinljisfapings, tlje king changing bis Determination DifmifleB 
 tlje S>enatour to mourne fo } his father, but as foj his rcpjeijcnDer he aouanceo him Unto an high* 
 ecDignttp. Linm. 31 perceiue (Michael) thatD?atoingto anenocf tbefeDtalogueSjanDbe* 
 fngujearpofpottrlongrace, poubeginto affect bjeuitp: pet letitnotfeemetroublefomc Unto 
 <stje rtttgion PO"to fpeake fomemljat of tlje religion of China, tohich onelp thing feemes to be toantingin 
 of china. this: pjefent Dialogue. Michael, a confetTe inoecD tljat 31 enoettour to be b?iefe, not fo muthi 
 sit regaro of UjearifomnefTe, as to? feare leafl 31 haue bene otter tcDiotts Unto pou : hotobtic 31 rctll 
 not fatle but accompliflj tljat \u!jtci)3l haue unnertaken , ano (accojDing to pourrequeC) aooe 
 fometohat moje concerning religion. SUhereas therefore tlje kingDome of Chinaljath hither* 
 to bene oeCitute of true religion, ano note tlje firll beginnings thereof are incluoeo in moQ nar* 
 tolu bounDS, tbat nation being othertoifeajKoylemoa ingenious, anDofanertraojpinatpano 
 
Adejcription of China. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 9 7 
 
 tjigij cayacttp , bath altoapes Uued in great crcotirss ano igno jance oftUe truetb, being Dtttractco 
 
 mco fuiunp opinions , ann follotoiug uianifoloe frets, ano among cljefc fects there arc ttjjee *&?!*'* 
 
 mo?c famous tijen tberett : thefirfl is of tbemtljat pjofcffe ilje Doctrine of one Confucius a niongite** 
 
 notable philofopbcr, Cbisman (asitisrepojteDin tbebtfiojpof ins life) luasoneofmottup= «**»««»• 
 
 tight ano mcojrupt maners, tuhercofbe tojote fuuo^p treatifes nccp ptcljtlp anDlargefp, Uibtch 
 
 aboue all other books, are fcriouflpreaD ano perwfeobp the Chinians. "EJje fame Doctrmeoo all 
 
 Sgagiffrates embjace, anaotljcrsalfo tljat giue tljcsr mmoes to tljc (tuop of letters, a great part . 
 
 loljcreof Confucius is fapo to baucinuenteD : ano he is basin fo great honour, tl;atall Ijisful* flauroftjjtT 
 
 loiuers ano clients , bpou clje Dapes of the neto ann full ^oone, Doe afleaible themfclues at the ftrl1 r «*- 
 
 common ^cfjoole, tuljicb 31 baucaboue mentioned, ano befoje Ins image, tohtchis toojfljippcu 
 
 ioitb burning of inccnfc ano tuith tapers, tbepDoethjife beno their knees , ano boto their hraos 
 
 DoUmctotbegrounD; tobicb not onelp the common fcholarg, butchecbiefc^agitrratesDoper* 
 
 fojrnc. 'Eke fumme of the fojefapo Doctrine is , tbatmcn ffjoulD follolu the light of nature as srftt mmnutf 
 
 their gmoe, ano that thcpfboulDDiligentlp enoeuourto attaine unto the bertues bpmebefo?e ^J^. 5 ' 8 
 
 mrntionea : atiDlalllp, that thep fljoulocmplop their labour about thco^Dcrlpgotienmunt of 
 
 theiifauulicsanocftbeCommon-toealtb, 911 thefe things are in berpDeeDpjaire-tonojtbp, if 
 
 Confucius hao maoe anp mention of almightp iSod ano of tbelife to ccme , ano hao not afcribeo 
 
 lomucb bnco tbebcattetig, anobntofatall neceflitp, ttojpethaD fo curioufipintreatco of tooj- 
 
 fitippiuiUheimagesoftheir forefathers, antotjicbregarD he canberpbarblpo? not at all beep 
 
 cufeo from the crime of iDolatrp % nottoitbfianDingit is to be grantee, that none otheroortrinc 
 
 among the Chinians appjorhctbfoneerebnto tljetructh asTbisDoeth, "ChefeconDfect is of xequiamam&oj 
 
 them tohtch folfolu the inftrttCtiOUSof Xaquam , 0} as the Chinians call htm Xequiam , tohofc ScMntoftMi 
 opinions, becatifc thep are tocll Knotoen amongflbs, tttoerebootlefTcfojmetorepcat,- cfpeci= lotuersarrai. 
 £»llpfitbens,m the Catccbifme compofeDbpourgrauebifitour, thep are notablprcfutcD, 'Chis ^ &CeD0!Eon - 
 Doctrine Doe all thep embrace, tubicb are in China called Cen , but tomb bs at Iapon are itamcD 
 Bonzi. jFoj this 31 ooe tyteflp ano bp the baap giue pou to biiDerftano, that all tocjos of the Chi. ^ oxt . 
 nians language are of one finable onelp, fo that if there be anp toojo that confilleth of mo?efit= 
 tables then one, it confittcth alfoof ntojc toojoes then one* Chcfc fectaries calico Cen Doe 
 (hattetheirbearDs ano their heaos, ano Doe fo? the moll part, together touth Dtucrs of their aflb* 
 ctates, inhabit the temples of Xaquam, o? of others tohich in regaro of the fame pjofeffion 
 Ijauc in their IKalcnDersbeenecanoni^cDfo? faints, ano Doe reheatfe ccrtame pjapcrs after 
 tbe-irmancr, either bpon books ojbeaos, bfing other ceremonies after the maner of our Bonzi. 
 ■Shcfemenbauefomemckltng ofcljelifetocome, anDofcheretoiarDesofgosDmen ', anothepit- 
 nifnmentsoftljeuiickeD : hotobeitaUtheiraffertionsarefraughtUntberrours. CbethjrDfect <jrijc tjj*ru rcrt. 
 isofthemtobtcbarecaUeDTauzu .- anothofeooe imitate a cercaine other man, tobcaoo?eD, as 
 thepthinke, fo? his bolineffc. Cbefe alfo ate Pjietts after their toe, hotobcit thep let thrtr 
 bairegroro, ano Doe in other obferuationg Differ from the fojmer, jftoise, becattfetbe feet of 
 Confucius is tbeinoBfamous of all the thjee, ano thettoo otberfects calico Cen ano Tauzu are 
 not much aooicteD onto learning, their religion p jeuailing onelp among the common fojt , the 
 Ipjiefls of both the fapu fectsDoeleaoe amoflbafeano ferutle lifeamongtt the Chinians, itifo« 
 much that thep kneele oohme before the S^agittrates , ano are not permtttcD to fit befioc them, 
 ano fometimes , if the Spagillrate pleafe , are abafeD tonto the punifbment of the bad onaoo ; 
 tohcrcas in our 31Ies of Iapon it is farreotbertotfe, p?tefts, euen of falfe rtltgion^ being hao in 
 fo great honour among bs. Leo. jjhearoalfo (Michael) that the Saracens fuperflitioiitaaes 
 place in China moto.tthether it Docho? no, poucanrefoluebs, Mtckad. "?tl)acfo?renfuper= «8«toir«K* 
 fiitiontoas brought intoChina tohat time tljc Tartars inuaDeo thekingoome, anoofurpeothe ^rt" 8 ""- 
 gotiernment thereof, 9llthe Saracens therefore in ChinaareojiginallpocfccnDeo of the Tar- 
 tars, toho, becattfe thep mere an infinite number, couIonotbtterlpbeerpelleD anorooteDouc 
 of theftingoome , but remaining tttll there , IjauepjopagateD their poflerttp s though not their 
 religion, ®herethErefo?earefottlDter3fo?thegreaterpartofthem, ano fometimes Doe cbtaine 
 martiaii Dignities \ ano erccptafeto ceremonies of their fuperKitton tohich is nouie become 
 ItaleanDalmofitoomeout, tbepooe litte altogether after the Chinians falhton, their y?coerrf- 
 fours being brought into the fame kingDome about fourehunDreopceres'agoc. £.»'*;«. |5oto 
 (Michael) let bs hcare poufap fomctohat of the Chriftan religion, luhiclj as toe hope bath fee 
 mofihappp footing in that kingDome, Michael. 3 cotiIDfapmuchcoiicertungtbofemoRU)iu> 
 ro anD acceptable beginnings , tocre thep not alrcaDppublifijeD in Iapon bp the letters oftlje fa* chriRannK^ 
 tljers : hotobeit 3 bull make ab?tefe reljcarfall of all things , that J map not fceme altogether c"^" n " B '" 
 to haticabanoontDrhts labour, gou knovntljat from the time therein the fathers of the foctetp "*" 
 arriueDinottraianDs, to tljeenDtljep might augment Ghtidian religion, thep trere in like fo?t 
 
 Iii mofi 
 
 / 
 
9$ The EngMi Voyages,Nauigations, Ade/cription of China, 
 
 mott careful! Ijoto t Ijr p mipjbt inlinuate tljemfclues into tlje nmcrinoB part? of the tungoome of 
 China. 3I>1 tlje nitODed Of t()ts enoeuottr anotrauell Francis Xauicr , amottocuoutmanof iljc 
 fojefapo foeietp, Departeoouc of tlji? pjefentlifcattfjejleof Sancian (tobicljfomecallSangi- 
 am) leauing a« erample unto tlrercfl of bisaffociates, boto tbep ftoulDlraetaife Doe tbeir belt 
 to plant ttje rcltgiouof Chritt iutbatnation, ■*CtjiBtnan toag fcconDcu liyotfjcrs, toljoufcD all 
 meanes, ami left no pjacttfe bnattempteo , tbat tbep migijt b?ing tbefe goon beginnings unto a 
 pjofpcrouauTue : botobeit tbeptocregreatlpbinoercD bp reafonof an ancient cttttomeinChi- 
 mn attctmt tu- na, in regarD tobereof tbep ooe not toitljout great Difficult? ano circumfpection aomit anp ttran* 
 2 oSattou. S ersi «o tbeir Dominions, erccpttbofetobicb bailing a long timeerecuteotlje office of ambaffa< 
 Doursooe ojDtnacilp euetp tljicnpeerepjcfent ttjemfelues befo?ctlje fetng t tntbeaDmiffionof 
 toljom likcnrife tljere is maruellous can ufeD, that tlicp map not cafilp efpie ano become acquain* 
 SSfof ten toitb the affaires of tbe Realme. ipcereuntomapbeaooeD, tbat tbe Chinians are great con« 
 *5ctn"tioH9. tcmnersofotbetnationejanDmottconllantobreriicrsoftbcii'DnjnelaujcsaBDcullomES : inall 
 liiiiicl) refpecte it came to paffe, tljat tbtre mas uraonocrf till labour ano Diligente emplopcD abotie 
 tljirtp peerrs cogettjer, onelp to get an entrance , untill in tlje peere one tboufano fiuehtmD?eo 
 fourefco?eanDtb?ce j tteofatbensof tbe fojefapDfocietp,fbatl)aDpfcttpffeill in tbe letters ano 
 language of China, utterlpDefpairtngofmansbelpe, anD DcpenDingbpontbep?ouiDcnceofal« 
 migbtpoJoD, obtainto licence of tbeTutanoj&tce-rop tobuilD tbtm anboufeanDaCbuwb in 
 tbeCitp of Xauqam, tobitbbpreafon of tbe rommoDioufnefTe tbereof is tbe feat of tlje aice- 
 ropbtmfclfe, 3Cbtstoo?ke being begunne, tlje fapo fatbers of tbe foeietp, fo?ttjenoueltptbere* 
 of, toere a fetopeeresriojbttoell entreateDbptlje SCJagiftrates : tnfomucb tbat ttoootljcrs out 
 of India ban free anoeafie acceffe unto tbem, one couple remaining (fill in tbeir fojefapDhoufe 
 at Xauquin, anD tbe otljerttoo taking tbtir iourncp foj tljeinncr pjouinces, to ronuertmo?e 
 people unto tbe faitlj : tobo nottoitbttaiiDtng aftertoaro , otber ^agiflratesnotapp?ooumg of 
 tbeir attempts, toere conflraincD to retire, Jfrotoealltbe timetoberein tbe fo^efapD fatbers a* 
 booeatXauquin (being moje tljenfiuepecres) certaine of tbe common people toere rettraiiteD) 
 from falfefttpecQition to Chrifiian religion, anDfcuentppcrfons toere bapti^eD. ISuttljeene' 
 mpof manhinne, tobo omitted none oppojttinitpfojtbc bmoerance of Chriftian religion, fug* 
 geScDintotljcminDcsof tbe Chinians (being, as J fapo, of tljeirotone nature, a people eflran* 
 geD from tbe traffique awo acquaintance of ot be mat ions, aubaltoapes being too too futpiciouff 
 of (Irangers) tljat tbcp fijoulo erbtbite letters of fupplicatt'on into tlje Caien ano tbe Tutan 
 tl)cirpiincipall£f3agittrates, toljauctljefatbers trpcllcD outofXauquin : tobitl; Spagiflratc* 
 repairing unto tbeir fojeCapo boufe ano Cburcb cnterco confultation boto tljep might bannifi) 
 tljcm out of tbe fapo Citp of Xauquin : in tohicb thing bcrilp tbcp u feD great motieration, not anp 
 toapoffenoingojerafperatingtbe minoes of tbe fathers, but onelp fipifpingtbattljcpbaD re* 
 garountotlje ettate of tbeir Common-toealtb. fo) tbe Tutan o? Slice-rop calling tbe fathers 
 untoljim, ann (to IctpaffeotljeracciDents) ufing courteous ano familiar conference loitb tbtm, 
 D eclaren b)> manp arguments, tljat tbeir babitation in tlje i£itp of Xauquin toas not conuenicnt, 
 efpeciaHpfitljensfo manp ^agiftrateptefojteDbntotbats£itp,tobo tooufa take great offence 
 at tbe pjefence of ttrangers. f oj tbe tobicb caufe be perfuiaoeD tbem to accept fomepart of tbe 
 moncp wbic^ tbep IjaD beCotoeb in tbe builoing of tbeir boufe, anD fo to returne eitber borne into 
 tbeir oftnc countrcp, o? bnto tbe po?t of Macao, lipotobci t, futh toas tbe inttant fupplication of 
 tbe fatbers, anofo tooojtbp of compatfion, tbat tlje Tutan o? Qice-rop, in tbe ewreame anome= 
 Dtterrawe borers of tbe pjouince of Coantum , atfigneD unto tbem a neto babitation at tlje citp 
 caileD Xauchco, eommenDiiigtbcmalfoto acertaineS0agifirate, tobotoas come from tbe fame 
 place to falute bint. ^Cbitber tbcrefoje tbe fapo fatbers , not toitbout great fojroto ano griefe 
 of tljeCbriftians, hleo tbemfelues , ano as toe are infonneobp tbeir laB letters, tbep baneeuen 
 notolapeDtbe founDationoftbetrHrtt builoing, arobaue alfotojitten tljat tbep are likttoliue 
 raucb mo je peaceablp anb eonuenicntlp fo? tbe propagating of C hriftian religion. 'Stbefe be tbe 
 Srli beginnings of Cbjiflianitp in China, lubere, eutnasin otber places of tbeCb?ifrianCom« 
 mon-toeaitb, tbe feeo is to be fomen luitb great labour ano teares, tbat acceptable fruits map be 
 rcapeo toitb glaDneffe. Leo. 3t is euen as pou bauc fapo (Michael) ano name fo j tfeis pout 
 »?eafantattD eloquent Difcoutfe toe do acknotoieoge ourfelnesmucbliounDentouopou. 
 
 A Letter 
 
 
M. Thomas Steuem. T^aifiquesjandDifcQueries. 99 
 
 A Letter written from Goa^the principal! Gity olall the Eajl Indies t 
 by one Thomas Stevens an Englifti man^ andfent to his father, M. Thomas 
 
 . ■- 'Strtfkfot tAnno ihp. 
 
 ) totth like commenoations onto mp motljer; ano tutcfjall^to ccrtific poitofmp being; 
 ' accojDing to pour mill ano nrpouctp. 31: to ?otebntopou taking mpiournepfrom 
 Italy to Portugall , tobicb Utters 3! tbinkc are tome to jour Ijanos, to t&at p?efu* 
 muigt^ercuyoK, 3 t!jmftc3I ^auetbelclTcneeD attfitiscittietotcllpoutljccaufe of : 
 inp Departing, toljiclj neuertbeletfe in one too?o 3! map conduce, if 31 bo but nameobeoiencr ♦ 31 " 
 came to Lisbon totoaro tbe eno of Spared eight capes befb?e tlje Departure of t&efijippes, fo late 
 iljat t'ftljep Oan not iiencftapeo about feme tocigfjtp niatrEris.tljep (jao bene IonggCnc ucfo?c ouc 
 comming i infomucl) that there mere otljerso?Dainco to goe in our places, tbat the kings p?ouifi> :. ■ ;/ . 
 on ano ours a'.fo might not be in baine. iaeuertbeletTe our fuDDen comming tooke place, aim the 
 fourth of 3p?t 11 Sue ujtps Departed fo ? Goa, toljcrein bribes (btpmen aim fouloiers , there toere a 
 great number of cbilojcn tobtcb in the feas beare out better then men, ano no maruell, totett that 
 linanp toomen alto patfe berp toelf. %ije fetting foo ?tlj from tlje po?c 31 neea not to tell boto fo* 
 Jemneit tstotth trumpets, ano (booting of o?oinance, pott map eaGlp imagine it, contmering tbac 
 tbep go in the maner of toarre* 'She untg of the fo?efapo monetlj toe came to the tight of Porto 
 Santo ncere Unto Madera , toberp anCtiglifij ftjippe fet bpon ours (tobich toas then alfo alone) 
 toitb a fetolljots, toljiclj did no barme, but after t&atourlijtpbaplapeeoutljergrcatefto?Dirmr.ce, 
 thep ttraight oeparteo as tljep came, She^nglilb ujippe toas berp faire ano great, tobtclj 31 toast 
 fo?p to fee fo til occupies , fo? flje toent rotting about , fo tljat toe fato her agatne at the Canarian 
 3IIes,bnto tbe tobtcb toe Came the thirteenth cft&e fapo monetkano gooo leifttre toe Ijao to tooon« 
 ter atthe bfgljmountaine of tljeSHaimTenerif, fo? toe toano?eo bcttoccnc that ano great Cana- ■ 
 riafoureoapes bp reafonofcontrarptoinoes t ano bn'eflp, fucbeuiHtoeathertoe haobntilltlje 
 fourcteentb of spap,tbat tljep oefpatreo to compare the £ape of Good hope tfjat pecre, jTSeuer* 
 tbeletTe, taking our bopage bettoeene Guinea ano the llanos of Capo Verde, tottljout feeing of 
 anp lano at all, Hue arriueo at lengtlj onto tlje coaQof Guinie, tobtcb the p>?tugals fo call,cljtcfip 
 that part of tlje burning 5one, tobtcb is from the ttrt Degree bnto tlje €quinocttall,mtobic!j parts 
 tljep fuffereo fo man? inconuenienccs of ljeats,anoIacfeeofUJtnoes, that thep thinltetljemfclues; 
 fcappp toben thep Ijaue paJTeo it : fo? fometimes the ujin fianoetlj there almott bp the fpace of ma* 
 up oapeSjfometime (be goeth.but in fuch o?Der that it toere almofl as gooo to ttano Bill, 9no tlje 
 greatefipatt ofthiscoallnotcleare , butthtekeanbcJouop, full of thunoer ano lightening, ano 
 raine To bnbolefbme.tljat if the toater llano a little tobile, all is full of mopes, ano falling on the 
 meat toljiclj is bangeobp , it makctb it flraigljtfull oftoo?mes; Stlongall that coatttoeoftcn 
 times fab) a thing ftm'mming bpon the toater like a cocks combe (tobi cb thep call afljip of Gui- 
 nea) but tbe colour much fairer ; tobtcb combe Canoetljbpon a tbing almott like tbe f toimmcr of u 
 Bfljin colour anobignelfe, ano bearetbtomerneatl) in tfa toater, firings, tobichfaucitfromtura 
 ning otter. 'SLIjis thing is fo poifonous , that a man cannot touch it totcfjout great perill, 3Jn tljiss 
 toatt,tljat is to fap.from tlje Bjct oegreebnto the Cctutnoctiall.toe fpent no leffe tben tbirtp oapes* 
 pattlp toitb contrarp toinoes, partlp toitlj calme, Cljc tljirttetlj of ^ap toe paflcD tlje Cquinoc= 
 tiall tot th cont cntation, oire cting ottr cottrfe aftoell as toe cottlo to paue the p jomon to? p,bu t in all 
 tfjat gulfe,? in all the toapbelitic,toefounDfo often calmes^ljattljeerpcrteCmarinerstoonojeo 
 at it, 9no in places tobcrc are altoapcs tooont to be moa ljo?rible tempetts , toe founo moll qui* 
 et calmes tofjich toas berp troublefome to tljofe (bips toljiclj be tlje greatcfiof all other,ano cannot 
 go toitljottt gooo toinoes* 3Jnfomuc6, tljat toben it is temped almott intollerablc fo? ptljer u)ips> 
 ano maketb them maine alltljeir failes, tfjefe boife bp.ano faile ercellent toell,bnleflc tbe toatertf 
 tetoo too furious, toljiclj feloome Ijappeneo in our nauigation, jooufljallbnoerfiano, tljatbeino; 
 paffeo the line, tbep cannot Craigbttoap go the ncrt toap to tlje p?omonto?p : but acco?0 t'ng to tlje' 
 totnoe, tljep o?ato altoapesasneere&outlj astl/epcantoputthcmfcluesinthelatttuoeofclje: 
 point, toljicb is 3 5 Degrees ano an Ijalfe, ano tljeu tljep take tljcir courfe totoaros tljeCEaH, ano fa 
 iompaftetbepoinr, Buttbetoinoeferueobsfo, tljatat 33 oegrccs toe otooirect our courfe to* 
 toaro the point 0? p?omonto?p of Good hope. 
 
 gou knoto that it is Ijaro to failefrom Cafl to ® e0,o? contrarp.bccaufe tbere is no fireo point 
 inatttbefkie, toberebp tbep map Direct their courfe, tobcrefo?e3l lljall tell poutotjat helps ©00 
 p?ouioeo fo? tbefe men, ^Iljere is not a fotole that apperetlj,o? Ggne in tlje aire,o? in the fea,tohiclj 
 tbepbaue notto?itten,tohiclj baue maoe the bopages berctofo?e, ffiaijcrfo?c,partIpbp tbeirotone 
 erperience, ano ponoeringtottljalltoljat fpace tlje fbip toas able tomaketoitbfucbatoinoe, auo 
 
 J if. a fuel? 
 
w i ■ ■ ■ 
 
 iod The English Voyages^Mauigations, MJTbomas Stmens„ 
 
 fuchouettioni ano partly op t$e erperiencfc of dtfecrp fittiljDfB-tioo^iBijhiijnaHtgatiohSi^}il)aue> 
 
 thep gcffetobcreabouts thep be, touching oegreesoplongltuoe, fo? oflatttime thejjie-altoape* 
 
 fure : but the greateft ano beB tnouttrp of all is to marke the uattatiqtt of the nee ole o? compaQe, 
 
 cjebsriMfc= tobtdj in tt>e Sperioian oftlje 31lano of S..Michad, tobicbisone oftbeVVz-oresintljelatituoe of 
 
 on of tsje com. Usbori) jj (p j^o^^anB tljenceftoaruetb totoaros thecal* fo much,tbat bcti»irt the '9(&erioian 
 
 afo?efapb, ' ano the point of Africa it ■'carrretb tb?ee 0? rbure quarters it "3 2. 3no .againe in the 
 
 point of Afiike>littIebcportDtbirpointtIia't.iit! calleb Cap? dasAgulias(mCngliu}ifcc.neEDle3) 
 
 itreturnetlifl'gaineontothe Di3o?tb, ano that place pafleo, itftoaraet&agatnetotoawj'tljeSOeCf, 
 
 i&fgHca about as itoio b'cfoje p?opo?tiotialfp <1 Ss touching ourrM Cigtres, theneejrer toe came to th'cpe.ople of 
 
 EoLlpnan^ Afrike;the"md?eflrang^kmo^^ 
 
 then thirtp leagues (almottan huno ?eo miles) aire Cre buno?eo miles a? toe thoughtfrom anp 3I«i 
 
 Iano,as gooij a? tb?ee tbbufanu fotoles of funo?p kinoesfcllotoeo butftnj;: Come of them fo great 
 
 that their toings being openeo from one point to tlje other, containeb fetten fpannes, as the 2g)a* 
 
 riners fapb. 3 maniellpus thing to fee hoto (Sob pjoutoeo. , Co that m fo toioe a fea tbeCe fotoless 
 
 are all fat, ano nothing iuoantcth tbenv Che $o?tugats haue nameb them all according to Come 
 
 p?op?iefr 'tohicfotbephatre .fometbep cailEuitailes/l)CcaufetljetrtatIciSbenotp?opo?tionabl6 
 
 to their bootes, butlouganofmallli&earuft), fomefo?&eotailcs»ecaufe thepbeberpi)?oao ami 
 
 fo?keo, Come ©duet fiee«es,bccaufe thep haue toings oftlje colour of beluet, anbbotoc tljetn 
 
 as a man botoetb bis elboto* Chiis biro is altoapes toelcome , fo? he appeareth ncerelf the Cape. 
 
 3! (boulo neuer make art eno if 31 fboulo tell alt particular? ; but it fball fuffite b?iefip to touch a 
 
 feto 3 toljicljpetu;aUbefi!fftc(ent, ifpoumarl?etljem 3 togiueocca0otuoglojifieamiight?<SoDtn 
 
 his toonoerfull too?ks, anb fuel) barictp in his creature , 3nc to fpcafee fometohat offices in all 
 
 places of calme, efpecidlpintheburningfone, neerethe line (fo? toitrjoat toe neuer fatoanp) 
 
 there toaiteo on our (hip fiflfjes as long as a mattjtobt'cb tljep callTuberones.tbep ccme to eat fuel) 
 
 £ dla 0/ things as from the fbfppc fall into the fea, net refuting men tbemfetttes if tbep light Upon them, 
 
 Africa. g nJj if thep Bnbc anp meat ti'eo in the fea., t|ep take it fo? theirs* CheTe'hauc toaiting on them fie. 
 
 0? Ceucn Cmallfiujes(toich«^uer Depart) toith garbesWeto anB greene rounb ahout their bocics, 
 
 like comelp ftrutng men : and the? go ttoo 0? tb?ce before him, and fsmc en etterp Coe» S©o?eo» 
 
 uer, tbeptjaue otfjec fiftjes toljich cleaue aitoapes unto their fcobp, at» Cceme to tafte Cttch Cupcrflu* 
 
 itiesasgrotoahoutthem, anti thep arc fapb to enter into their booics alfo to purge them if the? 
 
 tieeo, 'EheS^ariners in time paftbaue eaten of them, but finrethcphaueCeenetbemeate mere 
 
 »heit Cfomacfcs abhojre them. 55euertheIeu"e,thepo?ato them fcp toith great hooks 3 ff feill of them 
 
 as manp asthep can,tljinlsing that thep hfittemaoe a great reuenge, Chere is another feinb of fiu) 
 
 as bigge almoil as a bcrring.tobicb hatlj toings ano flietb,anb thep are together in great number* 
 
 •Ebefe haue ttoo enemies,the.one in the fea,t!jc other in the aire, 3ln tbefea the fiftj tobich is calico 
 
 Albocore,as big as a &almon,follotoetb them toith' great ftoiftnelte to take them, 'Shis pcoje 
 
 fin) ndt being able f roim fatt,fo? he hath no finnes,but ftoimmeth toith moouing of his taile, ujut« 
 
 ting his toings,lifteth himfelfe aboue tlje toater,anc flteth not berphte.tlje Albocore feeing that, 
 
 although he^aueno toings, pet hegiuctb agreat leape out of thetoatcr, ano fometimes catchetft 
 
 him, oj els he feecpeth himfelfe bnoer the toater going that toap on as faS as he flieth. 9m> toljeit 
 
 the filh being toearp of the aire, 0? thinking himfelfe out of banger, returnetlj into the toater, the 
 
 Albocore meeteth toitlj him: but fometimes his other enemp the fea-crotojcatchethhim befoje he 
 
 falleth* (Klith thefe ano like fighcs,but altoapes making our fupplieatinns to ©00 fo? gooo toea* 
 
 *^»««. trjer anu falrtatton of the ihip.toe came at length unto the point,fo famous fj feareo of all men : but 
 
 toefounb there no tempclt,onlp great toaues,tohere our iptlot toas a little ottetfeene : fo? tohere* 
 
 as commonlp al other neuer come toit&in fight of lanb,btit feeingngneso?Btnarp,anb Snoing bot* 
 
 tome, go their toap fute ano fafe, he thinking himfelfe to haue toince at toill, l!;ot fo nigh the lano 
 
 that the toinue turninginto the gibuth, ano the toaues being cjccecbing great,rolIe5 Ds fo nerc the 
 
 Iano,that tljefljip ftooBinleffe then 14 faooms of toater,no jno?e then fijre miles from the Cape,. 
 
 tohichis calico Das Agulias, ano there toe flooo as utterlp caflatoap tfajDnoccto^ toere rocfes of 
 
 mainefionefoujarpe.anD cutting, that no ancre coulo holb the rrjip,thefl)0?efoeuiH,thatnothing 
 
 coulo.take lanb,ano the ls\n itfeife fo full of iSLigers,anti people th3trareCauagc,anB killers of all 
 
 Crangers.that toe hab no hope of life no? comfo?t,btit onelp in (Sob ants a gooo confeience, |5ot< 
 
 toithltaw)ing,after toe hao loft ancrcs,hoiCng bp tlje failcs fo? to get the ft)ip a coaff itt fome fafet 
 
 jjlace,o? toijen it ftjoulo plcafe©oo,it pleafeti his mercp fuboenlp.tohere no man lookebfo? helpe, 
 
 to fill our failcs toith toinb from the lano,? fo toe efcapeo.tbanks be to C3oo. 9no the oapfolloto* 
 
 tng, being in the place toljcre the? are altoapes toont to catri; 60), toe airp fell a 6u)mg,ano fo ma* 
 
 np thep tooke,that thep Crrueoallthefi)ipfo?thatOop,ano part of tlje nejet, Snooneofthem pul« 
 
 «ojaH. w up a co?all of greatiiignelfe ano p?icc» ^"c? there thep fap (as toe fato bp erpen'cnce) that the 
 
 cojaif* 
 
Ai.Tbomas Steuens. Traffiques,and D ifcoueries. ici 
 
 cp?alsooe groto in tlje matter of rtaiksbpontljc rocks m tlje bottomc, ano toarc barn ano rcD. 
 
 ^LH Dap of peril! toas clje nine ana ttoenttetlj of 3|tilp. 3no pott fijall btiDcrSanD tfiat ,t!jc£ape 
 
 pafaD.tljerebettootoapesto India tonctoitljttltlicJIeofS. Laurence, tuljtclj crjcp taltc to;Utng= jf^*'?-!^ 
 
 Ip , bccaufctbep rcfrcfli tljcmfelues at Mofambique a fojtnigbt o? a monctlj , not toitljotttgreat D t Go"^h"& 
 
 nccD , anBthcncemamonctbmo?cIanDinGoa. 1£bc other is toitbout tljc3ileofS.Laurer,cej 
 
 tob'tb tljep cake tohen tljep fct foojtljfo late, anD come fo late to the point, that tljep Ijaue no time 
 
 to take tbcfo^cfapJJ Mofambique, aiiDtbentbcpgocbeatttip, bccaufctntljistoap thep take no 
 
 po?t. 3m>bp reafon of tlje long nauigation, anD toanteffooDatiD toater, tljep fall into ftmo?p 
 
 fiifeafes, tljetr gummes toare great, ano Cuocll, anD tbcp are faitte to cut tljcm atoap, tijetr leggcg 
 
 ftoell.atiD all the boop becommetb fo?c,anD fo benummco, that thep can not fiirrc tjaiio no? foot, 
 
 ano fo tbcp Die fojtoeakenetTe, others fallitttofittrcs ano agues, anOotetbcrcbp. Snntljistoap 
 
 it toas our chance to make : pcttljoiigtjtoebaDmo?ctlooncbunD?cDannfifcpltcke, tljcrcsico 
 
 ttotpaareuenanDtUtentpjUibicljlolTctlKpeu'ccmcoitotmuc^inrcfpcct of other times* 'Sbouglj 
 
 fomc of ours mere DifeafcD in this fo?t,pet, thanks be to <Soo, 31 Ijaomp health all the toap, com 
 
 trarptotljeerpcctatwnofmanp: tSoDfenomempljealthfotocllinthcUuD, if tt map be tottss 
 
 tionouranDferuicc. Eljistoap'tsfull ofp?iup rockes ano cuiickc-fanQS , fo that fometimes toe 
 
 t'urff not fatle bp ntgfjt , but bp the pjoutoence of (Sod toe fato nothing, no? neuer fottna bottome 
 
 fonttlltoe came tothecoaflof India. Sffljen toe baDpalTco againe the line , ana toere come to tl>c 
 
 tljito Degree o? fometohat mo?c , toefato crabs ftoimnung on the toater that tocre reo as thottglj 
 
 thep baa bene foDDeu : but tbtetoas '• a figne of lano. after, about the eleuenth Degree, the fpnee 
 
 of manp aapes,mo?e then ten tbou r «D fifljes bp eftimation follotocD rotino about our fljtp,toljcre« 
 
 of toe caught fomanp, that fo?fitteene Danes toe Diocare nothing els, ano tljep ferueD our uime 
 
 berp tocll : fo? at tin's time toe baD neither meat no? aimoS anp thing els to cate , our nauigation 
 
 grotoing fo long that it D?eto ncere to fettenmoneths, tol;ete as coitimonlp tljep goc it in fiuc, 31 
 
 meane tohen thep fatle the inner map, 25ut thefe fiftjes toere not figne of lano, but rather of ( Dtepe ww t Snioii!? 
 
 Tea, atlength toetcokeacoupleofbitos, tofaichtoereakinDeof i|)atoks, toijereofthe'piopet: boiVocoam" 
 
 much, thinking tljattbepbao bene of India, butinoceDtbep toereof Arabia, as toe fcuna after- 5nionciij». 
 
 luaro. 9no toe that thought toe baD benetteere India, toere in the fame latitude necre Zoeoto- 
 
 xa,an 31le in the mouth of the Kcd fea.13ut tbere (Sod fent bs great toinas from tbe§3o?tbsatf o? 
 
 33o?tbnG?theafr, tobercuponbntoilUnglp tljep bare bp totoaro the €au\ ano thus toe toent tennc 
 
 napes toitfjoue feeing Ggne of iano, toberebp tljep perceiucD their errour : fo?t!jep tjao oirecteo 
 
 their cottrfc befo?* altoapcs 5f5ojtIjcaft, cotteting to multtplp Degrees of latituoe, but partly the Btn»ni«8 fas 
 
 difference of the jiftceDle, ano mot! of all tlje running feas, toljiclj at that time ran ji2o?tbtoett,baD tous!"" 138 * 
 
 ijjatocnbgto this other Danger, hao not (Sod fent bs this toinoe, tobiclj at length toarcolarger, 
 
 anD reSo?eD bs tp our right courfe, Cijcfc running feas be fo perillotts that tljep Deeeiuwbc moU 
 
 part of the gouernottrs, ano fomc be fo little curious, contenting tljcmfelues toitb o?Dtnarp crye- 
 
 tiencCjtbat tljep carenot to fceke out anp mcanes to knoto toljcn tljep ftoartte,neitbcr bp the com? 
 
 paffe, no? bp anp other trial!* 'Elje firtt Ggne of lanD toere certat'ne fotolcs toljicb tljep Kneto to be 
 
 of I ndia : the fecono, bottgljes of palmes ano fcoges j the tljitro , fnakes ftotmint'ng on the toater, 
 
 ano a fub3ance tobiclj tbep call bp the name of a coinc of moncp, as bjoab anD as rottnD as a groat, 
 
 tooonDcrfttllp pjintcD anD CampcD of nature, like bnto fome coine." 9ud tljcfe ttoo latt figncs be 
 
 fo certainc, that tlje nert Dap afier,tf the toinoe fcruc, thep fee IanD,toUcb toe did to our great iop, ««<*»« (>s»c 
 
 tohcttallourtoater(fo?pouknototbcpmakenobcercinthofcparts)anDb;ctualsbegantofatle ° "" ' 
 
 m. Sna to Goa toe came thefattre anD ttocnttctlj Dap of October,t!jerc being recctttco toitlj paf* ^ ( „ 7 mrimn 
 
 Cng great efjarup. ^Dbcpeoplcbetatonp, but not oiffi^ureD (n tljeir Itp? gf nofcef, astljcSpoojes «G«tli«at 
 
 anb Cafrcs of Ethiopia. Sljcp tljat be not of reputation, o? at Icatt the mofl part, goc nakeD, fa« a£mtai> " t 
 
 wing aitap?on of a fpan long, aha as much in b?eDt!jbefo?e tljem, ano a lace ttoo fingers b?oaDbc=> 
 
 fo?e tbtm,gtrDeD about toitlj a fltingano nomo?e : anD thus thep tl;inke tljem as toell as toe toitlj 
 
 all our trimming. SDf tlje fruits ano trees that be here 3! cannot noto fpeake, fo? 3J fijoulD make 
 
 another letter as long as this, jfo? Ijtthcrto 31 hauenot fecne a tree ljcrc,tobofeItke 3(ijaue feene 
 
 in Europe, tlje bine ejcccpteD, toljich netierthelcffe here t's to no pttrpofe, fo tljat all tlje totnes arc 
 
 l?ought out of Portugal]. ^tfj£D?inkcof thiscottntrepisgooDtoatcr,o?totneof tlje Palme tree, 
 
 o? of a fruit calico Cocos, 9nD tljis ujallfuffice fo? this time. 3if (Sob feno me mp ljealtb,3l (ball 
 
 iauc oppo?tunitp to to?ite to pott once againe, iiftoto tlje length of mp letter compelled me ca 
 
 takcmpleauc : ano thus 31 totujpour mofl p?orperottsljcalt[j, jrrom Goatljetentbof jT5o» 
 
 ^out Iotu'ngfonne Thomas 
 Steuens. 
 vj in 3 A? 
 
■artKcoattot 
 
 India grtMtll 1 
 troubled lUUl) 
 
 JGbmibaticeo! 
 golDr, flitter, 
 
 tious nones 
 «n Pegu. 
 
 1 02 The Engliiri Voyages,Nauigations, T/?e riches ofTegu* 
 
 A briefe relation of the great magnificence and rich traffike of the 
 
 kingdome otpegu beyondthe Eali /Ww,written by Frey Peter oiLisbonjio his 
 
 coulin Frey Diego of Lisbon, from Cochin. 
 
 tectttea pour letters in tbe barboitr of Damaon bp a carattcll of aonife tljat 
 came from Malacca, tobtcbbjougbtfyot,potoocr, anootbcrpjeuifionfojtbe 
 furmujing of foure gallics ano a great gallion , tobicb are noto in butlDing , to 
 kcepe our coatt fo? feare of great flo?e of men of toarre, being gpoojes , tojjicli 
 trouble tos fcerpfoje, %i that intrant toben 31 receiueB pour letters 31 toasneto* 
 Ip come from tbe kingoomc of Pegu , tobere 31 bao remameo one peere ano an 
 balfe, ano from thence 31 oeuartto to tbecitp of Cochin in October 1 5 87, 'Sbenetoes tobicb 31 
 can cectific pott of concerntngtrjefe countm's are: ©bat tljisking of Pegu i? the mtgbtieft king 
 of men,? tbe ricljeft ttjac is in tbefc partis of tbe toojlo ; fo? \)t fyingctb into tbe fielo at anp time, 
 toben be Ijatb toarrcs toitb ot bcr pjinccs , aboue a million of fighting men : botobett tbe p be tier? 
 leanc ano fmall people, ano are brought unto t!;e ftelo toitljottt gooo ojoer, llpe is loju of tbe €Ie* 
 pbants, ano ofaUtljegoloe ano filuer mines, ano of all tbepcarlcsanopjectousflcnes: fotijat 
 bebatbthegreatefiaojeoftreafuretbatettertoasbeato ofinthefc parts, Cbe countrep people 
 callbim^be©ooof trttctbanoofiulttce, 31 ba" great conference toitb this king, ano toitb tbe 
 [jeao captatneof tbe H3ojtugaIs,tobicb is one of tbe countrep, Cljep oemanoco ef me manp que* 
 flions as tottebmg tljc Iain anO fattlj Of Iefus Chrirt, anO as tOUCbing tbe Ten Commandemcnts. 
 Sno the king gaue bis confent tbat our SDjOcr ujoulo bttilo a Church in ljts countrep s tobicb toass 
 Ijaife builoeo ; but our pertterfe ano malicious pojttigals pluckeo it ootone againe : fo? toljercag 
 it is a countrep toberein our nation gaineoerpmucbuptbetrcommootttcs, tbep fearing tbatbp 
 tbebttiloingof tbts <£hurcb there tooulo be greaterrefojt t'nitber, ano fo tbeirtraoe ujoulo be im* 
 paireo, if tljeir great gainesfljoulo be bnotoensnto others then tbofe toljicb founotbis countrep 
 cut ftrift tljerefo?e tbep toere fo imtoiHing tbat tbe butloing of tljis Cburcb fljouie goe fo?toaro, 
 jS)ur}po?tugals tobicb are here in this realme are is 00? ft people then the ©entiles, jpjeacben 
 oiuers rimes among tljofe beatben people ; but being obttinate tbep fap, tbat as tbeir fathers be* 
 leeucofotbeptotllbelecue : fa? if tbeir forefathers toent to tljeomcllfo tbep toil!, (KBbereupon 
 31 returneo bacfte againe to our monaffcrp to certtfie our father p?otttnciaH of tbe ettate of tljis 
 #2etofottno countrep, 3[t is t!;e belt ano ricljeft countrep in all ttjfsEaft India; ano itistbottgbt 
 to be richer then China. 
 
 31 am afrapo that tbe toaritstobicbbisi^ateflp hath toitb England mill be the utter bnooing 
 ano fpoile of Spaine : to} tljefecountrepsliketoifeare almofi fpoileo toitb ciutlltoarres,tobicb fyz 
 f^oojes batte againfltlje ©entiles : fo? tbe kings berc arcopmarmes all tbe countrep otter* 
 ipereisanSinDiantobtcbiscounteoalp^opbetjtobicbbatbpjopbEGEOtbattbcretoillaDjagMi 
 artfe in a flrange countrep, tobtcbtoilloo great b»rt to Spaine. IpototttotllfaHout, onelp©o9 
 ootb knoto, ano tbus 31 rett : from tbis monattcrp of Cochin tbe a8of December, 1 5 8^ t 
 
 gottr gooo coufin ano affureofrtenn 
 " frier Peterof Lisbon. 
 
 A voyage with three tall fhips., the Tenelope Admirall, the Marchant 
 rc>tf//Viceadmirall, and the EdwardBonauenture Rereadmirall, to the E*H In- 
 dies, by the Cape otTSHonaSperanftt, to Quitangone nzeteMofambique, tothelles of Co- 
 wow andZrf«*?^ronthebackefideof-^'/f4, and beyond Cafe Comori'm India, to the 
 lies of Nictibar zn&ot Gomes Polo within two leagues of Sumatra, to tbe Hands of Pulo 
 Pinaom, and thence to the maine land of Malacca, begunne by M. George "Raymond^ the 
 yeere 1591, and performed by M. lames Lancafter , and written from the mouth of £d- 
 o mmd Barker of fpfvich, his lieutenant in the fayd voyage, by M. %icbardHaklttju 
 
 'Sir fleet oftlje tb?eetaUu)ipsaboucnameD Bfpartco front Plimmouthtbe 10 
 i of 9p?il 1 59 1 , ano arriuen at tl;e Canarie-ilands tbe 2 s of tbe fame,fro tobencc 
 .toeoeparteotbe29of9p?tl,'2i;bfftconrjof9paptoetoeretHtbebeigbtofCape 
 • Blanco. %A)t 6ft toe paffeotbetropique of Cancer. Cbeeigljttoe toere in tbe 
 'Ijetgbt of Cape Verde, ail t()is ttmctoc tocnc tottli a fatre teinoeat jj3o?tvjeaff, 
 ^altoapes before tbe totnoetotttll tbe 13 of tbe fame monetb, toben toe came 
 toitljin 8 Degrees oftljeCquinoctiallline,tobfretocmct toitb acontrarptotnoe, l^cretoelaport 
 Ann on in tlje fta untill tbe Arc of 3lune,on toljicb oa? toepaljeti tbe fa^o lt«e t "SBdile toe lap tbust 
 
 off 
 
 <JIic gteat 
 ttdiitr of tfic 
 
 ill Pegu. 
 
 Pegu ttic liert 
 $ rich' - ft conn' 
 
 tlCTIM fill t[)C 
 
 EaQ India. 
 
 an 3!ntiifln a> 
 SatilRSpainc. 
 
Ad James Lancafter. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 103 
 
 off ano on,toe tooke a Portugal Caraucl laoen tip marcljants of Lisbon fo? Brafije,tn toljiclj Ca* 
 
 rattel toe bao fome counties of toine,i2ooiarresofople, about iooiarrcs of oliues, certame 
 
 barrels of capers, tlj?e efats of peafon, toitb outers other neceQaries fit fo? our bopage: toljicl) 
 
 lnine,opIe,oliues ano capers toere better to bs then goto, <KBebao ttoo mer.Dico before toe paf- 
 
 feott)eItne,anDotuersficfee,oJl;tcfjtooftetljetrficknefie in tbofeljote climates : fo? tljepbetoon» 
 
 netful bnholefomefrom 8 Degrees of j!2o?tljerlplatituDe bnto tljcline,at tljac time of the pcere : 
 
 So} toe Ijao nothing but Teinados,toitb fuclj tljunoer,ligbtning,anDraine,tbat toe coulo not keep «tB ? «octan<- 
 
 tmrmcno?te ; bourcstogctber.tobtcljlMasanotcaConoftljeinfccttonamongtljem.anotbctrea^ DI,B of '' c . ln "* 
 
 ting of Calt bictuals.toltblacke of cloches to drift cljem.aftcttoepaffeo the line, toe Ijao tfce toiim IW ' 
 
 Hill at Caflfoutbcaft,tol)icb carieD ds along the coafi of Brafil i oo leagues from the maine,t il toe 
 
 came in 26 Degrees to the §>outbtoaro of the line.toljere the tomb came bp to the iao?tb,at tohitlj 
 
 time toe oio account, tljat the Cape ofBuona efperanfa oio beareoffbsCaft ano bp i^outlj, be- 
 
 ttoirtpooanoioooleagues^pafltng this gulfefrom the coat! of Brafilbnto the Cape toeljao the 
 
 toino often bariable as it is bpon our coafl,but fo? the moll part fo, that toe might lie our ccutfe, 
 
 %{yz 28 of 3lulp toe ban fight of the fo?efapo Cape of Buona efperanfa : untill tlje 3 1 toce lap off 
 
 mo on toith the toino contrarp to Double the Cape, hoping to Double tt,$ Co to banc gone feuentie 
 
 leagues further to a place called Agoada de S.Bras,befo?e toe tooulo haue fought to Ijaue put iti» 
 
 to anp ljarbour,115ut our men being toeane ano fickc in all our fbippes, toe thought gooD to fecke 
 
 fame place to refrefij them, ffittirlj tobtclj content toe bare bp toith tlje lano ta the |2o?tljtoarD of 
 
 the Cape.ano going along tlje ujo?e,toe cfpien a gooolp "Baie toith an 3jlano Iping to gjeatoaros 
 
 of itjnco tobtclj toe Die beare,anD founD it berp commooious fo? our (hips to rice itwdjis U?.ic is 
 
 calleDAgoadadeSaldanha, Iping 15 leagues jftoitljtoaro on the hither fioe of tlje Cape . ®he dS" - 
 
 firfl of Sugufi being §>unoap toe came to an anker in the 35air,fcnoing our me on lano, ano there 
 
 came bnto them cercaineblacke<§>aluages l)erpb?utify tobtclj tooulo not (tap, butretirco from 
 
 tljem.jFo? the fpace of 1 5 0? 20 oapes toe coulo fino no relicfe but onelp foules toljich toee kiileo 
 
 toitlj our pieces, tobicb toere cranes ano geefe: there toas no fittj but mnffelcs ano other fijcl- 
 
 fiiT),toljicb toe gatljereD oh the rockes,9fter 1 5 0? 200ap.es being here, our Somirall tocnt toith 
 
 bis pinnaffe onto tlje 3!lano tobicb lietlj off this 13ate, toljere bee founD great fioje cf^cnguines <Bvm(ioitei 
 
 9 S>eales, tohcreof he brought gooD plenty toith (rim. 3no ttoife after that toe fent certain of our f { B "$J" wat,B 
 
 mcn,toljich at both timcsb?ougbt their bots laoingbnto our fljips, &fter toe bao bene here fome l * 
 
 time,toe got here a ji5egro,toIjom toe compellen to marcljinto the country toitlj bs, making fignss 
 
 to b?tng bs fome cattell ; but at this time toe roulo come to tlje fight of none, fo toe let tlje jfl3egro 
 
 goe toith fome trifles, anitbin 8 oapes after,he toith 3 ° 0?' 4° otljer jftegros, b?ougljt bs ootone mvotesmti 
 
 Come 40 bullocks ano oren,toitb as manp ftjeepe: at toljiclj time toe bought but feto of the, %t& «»» fo«p*, . ' 
 
 toithin 8 capes after thep came Dotone toith as manpmoje, t'hen toe bonght feme 24 orcn toith 3 ' cSsftpE> - 
 
 as manp ftjeepe, 8He bought an ore fo 1 ttoo feniues, a ftirhe fo? a knife, ano a ibeepe fo? a Knife, 
 
 ano fome toe bought fo? leffe balue then a bnifciZthe own be berp large ano toell flefheb, but not 
 
 fat^ljeftjeepe are berp big ano berpgooomeat,tljep haue no tooll on their backs butljairc, ana e 
 
 Ijaue great tailes like tlje ujeepc in Syria, %fote be Diuers fo;t0 of totlo bcatts, as tlje Antilopc, 
 
 (toljerof Sp.Lancafterkilleo oneoftljebignesofapongcolt) the reo^falloto Deere, fcrftb otljer 
 
 great beafis bnknotocn bnto bs. pete are alfo great flo?e of otter-grotoen monkeis,9s touching 
 
 our p?oceeoing bpon our bopage.it toas thought gooo rather to p?occeo toitlj ttoo 8)ips toel man- 
 
 neo,tljen toitlj th?eeeuillmanneo: fo? here toeeljaooffounc ano toljolemcn but ip8, of te(n'c& 
 
 therctoentiutljePenelopetoithtljeaDrntral 1 01, ano in the Ed ward toitlj tlje toc?ujipfull £p. ■- 
 
 captaine Lancafter 9 7, (KUe left beljino 50 men toith tlje Roiall marchan t, toljereof there toere 
 
 manp p?ecilptocllrecouerco,oftohithfi)ip toas mafier ano goucruour Abraham Kendal, tol^cl) 
 
 fo? manp reafons toe thought gooo to fenO home, %^e Difcafe tljat hatlj confumto our men hatli 
 
 bene the ffeurttie. Our foulBiers toljtclj haite not bene bfco to the <§>ea,baue beft helo out, but our 
 
 mariners D?opt atoap,toljich (in mp iuogetnenO p?oceeoeth of tljctrcuill Diet at home, 
 
 S>ircoapeS after our fencing backc fo? England Of tlje Marchafic Roiall from Agoada de 
 Sa!danha 5 our aomirall Sp.captatne Raimond in the Pcnelope,anD Sp, lames Lafncafter in tlje Cape J« Boons 
 Edward Bonauenture,retfo?toarb to Double the Cape Of Buona efperanfa, tohicljtljep BiD berp ^'""t'Oau* 
 fpceoilp^utbeingpaffeoaSfar as Cape dosCorn'entes ) thci40fS>eptcber toe toere encotm« capc'dosconc 
 tree toith a mtgljtp fio?me ano ertrerme gufis of toino,tohere in toe laS ot?r ©enerals compante, ^ ", s j 1()fp && 
 ano coulo neuer Ijeare of him no? his fljip anp mo?f, though toe Dio our bed cnocuour to feeke him (m™t> from 
 bpanBDotonealon3tobile,ano ftaieofa?him certaineoapes at tlje 3llattD of Comoro, toljere toe t 6 tP,:nclo P ,: ' 
 appointeo to fiap one fo? another , tfottrc oapes after tljis.bncomfo?table feperation in the tno?- 
 mngtotoarDtencfthecIocketoehaoaterribleclapofthunDerjtohichfietofoureofourmenout' jFomcmtn 
 Mgb^t&eirnecks being to?ung in fonoertott&outfyeaking any toojo,anoof p^men tljere toas S^jf^Sd 
 
 not 
 
104. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, M, lames Lancafter. 
 
 w— ■» • 1 — 1 _ 
 
 not one untoucljco, tobcreof fame toere ftriken blino, others toere bjuifeo in their legs % atmes, 
 ano Dtljecs in tljeir b ?c(tSjfo tljat ctjep Uot'Dco liXoou tluo Dapes after, otljerjtocre D?atoen out at 
 length as! though tbep hao bene rackeo.Uut (©00 betl)ankec)tljep all recoucreD fatting onelp the 
 fourc tobiclj toere flatne out right, aifo toitlj the fame thtmoer our maine matte toagtowe uerp 
 gueuouupfromtbeheaototbeiiecke, anDfome oftlje fpifees tbattoere ten inches into the tim> 
 ber, toece mclteif ttiitb the ejetreme beatc tljcereof ♦ Jf romtbence toee fbapeo our cotttfe to tlje 
 srfw ©BmiibB ^ojtbeaft, ano not long after to e Fell upon tlje stao^tftinett eno of tbemightpSlano of &. Lau- 
 ofsiamcoce. rence . ^Ijicljoncof ourmenefpieotpQSowgooDbleirmglatexnttjecuentng bp 90oone light, 
 tofjo feeing afarre off the breaking oftlje sgica, ano calling to certaineof bis fellotoes,afkcD tbent 
 tobat it toas : tohiclj cfefoones tolo him that it toas the breaking oftlje <§>eabpon the &houlos f 
 thereupon in uerpgooo time toe call about to auopothe Danger toljidj toe lucre likttohatte tit* 
 cucrco* Cbuspaffingonfo£toarD,ittoasout lucke to cucc-lhoote Mozambique, ano to fall 
 qpwjm* _ toitlj a place calleo Quicangonettoo leagues to the jiSojthtoarDcfit, ano toe tooke tbjec oj 
 biq". ° xan " foure 15arfees of Moores, tobich 'SJarkes in their language tljep call Pangaias, Iaoen toitb Mil- 
 Jio, henncs, ano Ducks, toitlj one Porcugall bop.goingfo? the pjomGon of Mozambique. 2fliulj» 
 in feto Dapes following toe.camc to an 3lant> an bunojeo leagues to tlje JSo?tljcatt of Mozambi- 
 que sicofco. que calleo Comoro, toljicbtoefoanoerccetiiugfullofpccple, toljicbare Moores of tatonieco* 
 reoro - Icuranogooo tfatuiCjbuttbep be tierp treebcrous ano mligcntlp to be tafeen Ijeco of ♦ Jpete toee 
 
 Defircotottojeottr felucs toith toaterjtoherccf toe Rood in great neeo, ano fent firteene of out 
 men.tocll armcDonfbo^einoutboate: tobomtbepeoplefttirreDquictlpto lanoantitoater, ano 
 Diners of them toitb tljeir king came aboojo our fijip inagotoneof crimofine&attinpinkeD af« 
 ter the Moorifh fafljion ootonc to the knec,tohom toe cntertaineo in the bett maner.ano hao fame 
 conference toitb him oftlje Hate of the place ano marcljanuifcs, tiling ourPortugall bop tohtch 
 toe hao taken befojefojourinterpjeter, anointljeetiolicenfeD tlje kinganoijis companpto oe» 
 part, ano fent our men againe fa j mo?e toater,toljo tijen alfo oifpatcbeo their bufineffe,f returnejB 
 quietlp : tlje tbtra time liketoife toe fent them foj mo je, tohtch alfo returneo toithout anp barme, 
 Sinn though toe tljougljt our feluesfurntujcD, petour matter William Mace of Radciiffe pje* 
 tenotng tljat it migljt be long before toe IhoulDfinDe anp gooo toatering place, tooulD nceoes goe 
 32 of our men himfclfe on Qjojtf toitb thittie men, mucrjagaintttijctoillofourcaptaine, anoljecanD i6ofljisf 
 auofcomoio! companp ^together toitlj one boat tohtch toas all tljat toe hao, ano 1 6 others tljat tocrc a toaujinoj 
 , ouer-againtt our fhip, tocre bctrapco oftlje perfiDious Moores, ano in our figijtfo? tlje mottpart 
 fiaine, toe being not able ftutoawofa boat to peelDtljem anp fuccour. Jf rom hence toitlj beanie 
 Zanzibar 3iant>. hearts toe fljapeo out courfefoj Zanzibar tlje 7 of Oouember , toljereujo?tlp after toee arriueo 
 auD mace us a neto boat of fucb boatos as toe Ijao toitbin boo?o, ano rio in the roao bntill the 1 5 
 of tfcb?urirp,tohere 3 tiuringouraboaD, toe fatoeoiuers Pangaias 0? boates, tobicbare pinneti 
 toitlj tuoootjcn pinnes, ano fotoeo together toith Palmito cojoes, ano calkeo toitb the huf kes of 
 Cocos fljcls beaten, toljercof tljep make-SDccam . St length a Portugal Pangaia comming cut of 
 siroomwaii tIjeljarbo?otoofZanzibar,toheretljcphaueafmall4racto>ie, fcnta«LanoatoitIjaMooretohiclj 
 zmibx. iA ft aD bcnc c >i?itteneo, tobo b?oujjbt\JS a letter toherein tljep oefircii toknoto tohat toee tocre, ano 
 toljat we fought. C^e fent them too^n toe tocre Cngliujmcn come from Don Antonio upon bu* 
 Cnclfe to his ftienos in tlje Indies : tuitfj tohtclj anftoere tljep retutneo, ano toottlo not anp mo?e 
 comeatijs ♦ SUherettpon not long after toee manneo out oar boat ano tooke a Pangaia of tlje; 
 Moores, toljidj baa a p?ictt of theirs in it, tobiclj in tbeirlanguage tljep call a Sherife : toljom toe 
 tsfeo ticrp curteoufip : toljidj the king tooke in ncrp gooo part, Ijauing W pjietts in great cttima* 
 tion, ano fo j Ijis oeliuerance fttrniOjeo us toitlj ttoo monetljs bicctials, During all tobt'eb time toe 
 me trfBfan of Detaiueo him toitlj us.'Cljefc Moores tnfojmen us of the falfe ano fpitcfull Dealing: of t^e Portu- 
 itie^osnigata g a istotoarDSUs,to!uchmaocthembeIceuetljattoetoerectuellpeopleanDmen-eatcrs,anDtotI' 
 cngiiSi! lea them if tljep loueo tljeir fafetie in no cafe to come mere us, SSJbiclj tljep oio ouelp to cut DS off 
 from allknotolcoge of tlje ttate ano traffique of tlje countrep.^ljile toe roao frcm the eno of j]5o» 
 nember until tlje miDDle of jf eb?ua?p in this Ijarbojougb, tobiclj is fuffictcnt fo? a 0;ip of 500 turns 
 to rioc in,toefetupon a Portugall Pangaia toitlj our boat,but becaufe it tcasnerplitie,? our men 
 not able to ttirrc in it,toe toere not able to take the fapo Pangaia.toljiclj toas armeo toitlj 1 o gooo 
 asrt ejctfif ut fbat like our long fouling pieces , %$•$ place fo? the gooonelfe of tljeljarbo^ouglj ano toatering, 
 Ster'r" 1 ™* c^cplentifullKfreDjirig toitlj 63j, tohereoftoc tooke great ttojc toith our nets, anofojfunD?p 
 fa jtc of fruitsof the cottntrep, as Cocos ano others, toljicb tocre bjougljt us bp the Moores, as 
 alfota^orcnanDbenneSjiscarcfulIptobcfougljtfo^bpfuchcfourujips, as fijall hereafter patte 
 that'toap , ISutourmenljaonccDtotflkcgooDljecDoftbePortiigals; fo?toljile toe lap here the 
 .„. _ . Porti5gcl!9DmiraloftljecoaSfromMelindetoMozambique, cametouictoanotobetrapouc 
 jprft. "* bocittHjecottlD baut taken at anp time aDwantage, inagallte irrigate often ttuuies toith 8o?9 
 
 oatCB 
 
 s 
 
M James Lancafter. Traffiques,and Difcouerfes. 10 y 
 
 cares ana Goe. ffif tbetfrcngtb of tobiclj jfrtgatc ano tijeir trccljcroup meaning toe toere aourr* 
 lifca bp an Arabian Sgiraojetobicb came from tljelu'ng of Zanzibar enters times tinto D0 about 
 tbe Delitime oftlje p^iefi afojcfapn, ano aftertoarb bp anotber tobiclj toe carieb tljence along toitb 
 bs: fojttbetefoeaertaecame, our care teas to get tntoour bans? tome one oj ttoo oftlje conn* 
 treps to learne tlje langusg^st anb dates of tbofe partcstobere "toe toucben . Spojeouer, bere a* f m ®? r " nw * 
 gaine me baoanocber tlap of tbunoer toljicb did fljalse our fojemaft berp mttctj , toljicb-tore fiujt 
 anorcpaircb toitb timber from tbe "JO?e, tobew of tljerc is goob Qo?e thereabout of a feinb of trees 
 fomrfojtiefootebifilr.tobicbisareoantitougbuiooo, ano as 31 fuppoft, aftinbofCcbar, Upere 
 our §>utgcon Arnold negligemlp cattbing a great beatc in bis beao being on lana tettij tbe ma-- mt ( „ tfte 
 flertofte*eoren^fdlutfeeanbli)o?tIpbieD,tobicbmigbtbauebcnecurebbplettingofblootibe= UMt>»caai?. 
 fo?e it ban bin fetleb.TSefoje our Departure toe bao in tljis place fome tljoufanb toeigbt of pitcb,o? mooml nt* 
 ratljer a kino of grap ano tobite gttmme like bnto frankincenfe, as clammie as turpentine, tobiclj imx v> 
 in melting grotoctb a&blackc as pitcb, ano is berp brittle of it Celfcbut toe mingleD it toitb oile, 
 tobereoftoeeljao jooiarresintbepjijetobicbtoetooketo tlje )f2o?tbtoaro of tlje CqttiuocttaU, 
 not farre from Guini£,uounofo? Brafil. §>ire Dapesbefojetoee dc parteb bence, tbe Cape mat- 
 tljant. of tbe jFactojte tojote a letter bnto our capitaine in tlje toap of frienDfl)ip,as be pjetenDeo, 
 requeuing a iarw of toine, ano aiarre of ople, anu ttoooju#eepounDS of gunpouoer, toljicb let* 
 ter bee Cent bp ajflegrobfe man, ano Moore in a Canoa: toefentljimljisDcmaunDSbptbe 
 Moore, but tookc tlje jSegro along toitb bs becaufc toe btrcerflooe be IjaD bene in tlje Caff 3ju* 
 Dies anb Imeto fometoljat oftlje countrep, 13p trjis jfregrotoe toere abuertifeb of a fmall H5arfee 
 Dffometljirtietunnest(tob!cl)tbeMoorescalU3!unco ) toljicb toas come from Goa tljitijer 38 3uncDut>rn 
 laoen toitb pepper fo jtlje facto jieano ferttice of tbat kingoome . 'Sljus batting trimmeo our ^ K*' 5 
 Ibippcastoelap intbisroao, m tbe enn toe fetfojtoarofojtbecoaff of tljcCaft India, tbe 15 of 
 3Fcb?uar? afo jefapb,tntenDing if.toetoulo to Ijaue reacljeb to Cape Comori, tuljiclj is tlje beao- 
 iano ojPjoinontojiieof tbematneuf Malauar, anb tbere to bauelien off ano onfo? fuclj tops as 
 IboulD ijaue patTeb from Zeilan,Sant Tome, Bengala, Pegu, Malacca, tlje Moluccos, tlje coaft 
 of China, anb tbe 31letifIapai],tDbicbujipsareofej;cec0ingteealt[j anb ricljes.lSutin our courfc 
 toe toere berp mucb oeceiueo bp tlje currents tljat fet into tbe gulfe oftlje l&eo fca along tbe conff f }f™* mta 
 of Melinde. 3no tlje toinocs lfra?teningbpon bs to tlje jftojtljeaff ano CaRerlp, kept bs tljat toe jjscjtDtoata. 
 rculonotgetoff, anb fo toitb tbeputting in oftbe currents from tlje ffiBcfftoaro, fet bs in fur* 
 tber bnto tlje jSoubtoarn toitljinfourefcoje leagues of tlje31Icof Zocotora, fatre from our be* zocoton. 
 terminco courfe ano crpectatron, ^Sutberetoeneuertoanteoabunoance of Dolpbins, Boni- 
 tos ano flping fiftjes* Jfroto toljile toe founb our felues tljus farre to tlje JftojtljtoarD.anb tlje time 
 ieingfo farre fpent, toeoetermineotogoefo?tbe&ebfea, ojfo?tlje3llanD of Zocotora, both 
 to refreflj our felueS,anb alfo fo? fome purcljafe ♦ 15ut tobile toee toere in tbts confultation, tljt 
 toinoe berp lucfeilp came about to tlje jJ3ojtljtoeiI anb carieb bs oitectlp totoarb Cape Comori. 
 55efo?e toe ujoulobaueboublebtbis Cape, toe toere oetermineb to touclj attbe311anbs ofMa- ^'J UB at 
 male s oftobicbtoebaDabuerttfement,tbatoneljaDbictttals,CanbJngitube3i5o?tberlplatitubcof am,t * 
 ttoclue Degrees* l^otobeit it toas not our goon lucfee to finoe it, tobiclj fell cut partip bptbeob-- 
 Ciuacteofouc matter :fo? tbe bap before toe fell toitlj part of tljejlanostljctoinb came about 
 to tlje g>outljtoeif, anb tljenujifting our courfe toe muTco iu §>o tljetoino incteaftng iiioutbcr* 
 Ip, toe feareb toe (boulb not baue bene able to Ijauebottbleo tlje Cape, toljicb tooulb baue greatlp 
 Ijaf atoeo our cafitng atoap bpon tlje coaC of India, tbe Winter feafon anD ftfteCcrne Monfons 
 alrcaop being come in,tobicb Monfons continue on tljat coall until auguff. ji5eucrtbeles it plea-' 
 feD<Sobtob?ingtbetoin»jmojejaieflerlp#fomtbemonetbof2^ap 1 5 9 2.iue happily douWed captcomci 
 CapeComori roitljout ftgljt oftbe coaft of India. jFrom Ijcnce tljus batting ooubleb tljis Cape,tue i)0^llIeI, I593 ' 
 Directcbourcourfefo?tbe3l!anbsofNicubar, toljicb lie 33o?tlj ano S»outljtottIj tbe CSJcfterne srucTirsof 
 part of Sumatra, anb in tlje latituoe of 7 Degrees to tbe ^o?tljtoaro oftbe Cquinoctiall. from maA *' 
 tobiclj. Cape of Comori bnto tbe afo?efapo3]lanbstoeranne in Rrebapestoitljabcrp large toino 
 tljougbtbetoeatbertocrefouletoitljettremeraineanDguitesoftoinQes . 'Cljefeilanus toere 
 miffeDtb?ougbourmaDEersbefaultfo?toantofoueobferuation oftbe g>outbKarrc, 3nDtoe fell 
 Cotbe&outbtoarDoftbemtoitljintbeCgbcoftbe 3!Ianos of Gomes Polo, toljicljliefjatb bpon J , 'mlpo ! lo 0, 
 tlje great 3llano of Sumatra trjeSrttof 3une,ano attlje jfcojtljeaflfiDeoftbem toe lap ttoo 0? :lj?ce ° mes ° °* 
 DapeBbecalmeD,ljopingtobauebaDal3tlotefromSuni3tra, buttljin ttoo leagues toljercof toee Sumatrj ' 
 lapoffanoon, j^oto tbe ffiaintercomming bpon bs toitlj muclj contagious toeatljcr,toe Directcb 
 our courfe from bence toitlj tlje aianos of Pulo Pinaou, (toberebptlje toap is to be noteb tljat ^ueiiusoi 
 PulointbeMalaian tongue Cgnifietb an 3IIano) at toljicb 31lanbs toee arritico about tlje begin' Pul0,i, ' MOW « 
 ningofaiune, tobcretoecametoananfeerinabferpgoob barbo?ougb bettoeenetlj?te 3Uanosr 
 at tobtcb time our men toere berp false anb manp fallen, i£ere toe oetermineD to Uap bntiu tbe 
 
 Winter 
 
Creegfitroi 
 mafi«». 
 
 Malacca, 
 
 106 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, M James Lancafier, 
 
 Sllinter lucre ouecpsa. %W place is in 6 Degrees ano a balfe to the jQojtbtoaro, ano tome fiue 
 leagues from tbe maine be ttoec ne Malacca aim Pegu. i£>erc toe contimtco bntill the eno of Su* 
 guu\© ti c refreibing in this place toas beep fmaI,onelp of oittcrs grotoing on rocks, great toilks, 
 ano fome feto fiflj tohicb to e tooke toith our bookes. ittpere toe lanoen cuf fiefce men on t I;efe bum* 
 lj^iteo3JanDsfoHijctrljealtlj,nettertljeleire26cftIjcmtiicBtnlng place, toljcreoflohn Hall cue 
 mafter toas one.ano gp.Rainold Golding anothcr,a marcbant of great boneftie ano much oifcre« 
 tton » Jntbefe llanos arc abunoancc of trees of tobitctoooo,fo right ano tall, that a man map 
 make mattes of tbem being an htmojeofoote long* 'Ojetointerpaffco anohauingtoatrrco one 
 fbip ana fittco ber to goe to g>ca, toce bao left bs but 3 3 men ano one bop, oftobiebnotpatt 2* 
 to crc TounB fo j labour ano belp e , ano of them not pad a tbtro part fatlcr s : thence toe maoe fade 
 to fceke fome place of rcfrefljing, ano toent ouer to the maine of Malacca. %\t nert nap toe came 
 to an anker in a U5ate in fir faoomestoater fomettoo leagues ftonuhe %v\.t,%%ta matter lames 
 Lancafter our captaincano {^.Edmund Barker big lieutenant, ano other of the companic man* 
 ning tbe boat , toent on fljoje to fee tobat inhabitants might be fount). Snu comming on Jano toe 
 founo the trackingoffomebarefootcopeopletohich tocre Departetrthcnce not long before: foj 
 toe fatoe tbeir fire fiill burning, butpeopletoefatoenonc, noj anp other liuing creature, fauea 
 certaine fetnn of fcule calico ore biros , tohicb are a grap kino of Sea-foule, like a gmtte in eo« 
 . . lour,butnotinbeakr. ©ft^efetoefeiUeofomeeigbttiojentoitfjbaile-ujotbeingberptame.anO 
 fpenDingtbeoap in fearch, returnee totoaro night aboejo. 'StbcncrtDap about ttooofthe clocfee 
 in the aftcrnoone toe cfpicD a Canoa tohicb came nccrc onto us, but toonlo not come aboo?0 us s 
 patting in it fomefirteen nakeo lttdians,toithtohomneuertbcte$s going afiertoaro on Iano ; tocbaa 
 <cui« (ftps of frienol? conference ano pjomife of bictuals. %\je nert nap itttrjc morning toe efpfeo tbjee u)ip&, 
 ujfiepevpet. betngallofbuttben6oo3i7otunnes,oneoftorjtcljtoeemaDctoDlrifeetoitbourberpboate : anti 
 Manatam. ' imoerttanoing tljac the? tocre oftlje totonc of Marcabam, tobich is the cbtcfe bauen totone fo? the 
 great cittc of Pegu.ano the gooDs belonging to certaine Portugal jefuites ano a iMcuit baker a 
 Portugal.toe tooke that fljip 9 &io not fojee tbe other ttoo,bccaufe, thep tocre laocn fo? marc&antjs 
 of Pegu.but bauing trjis one at our commano.toe came together to an ankcr.'JEbe niglt folotoing 
 all tbe men crccpt ttoelue, tobicb toe tooke into our (bip, being mott of them bojne in Pegu, flen 
 atoapmtyeirboate,Ieauingtheitu)ipanogooostottbB3. Che nert cap toe toeighco cur ankee 
 ano toent to the JLectoaro of an aiano baro bp, ano tooke in bcr laoingbcing pepper, tobicb fi)ee 
 ano tbe otber ttoo faao laoen at Pcra, tobicljis a placeon tbe maine joleagucs to tbe s§:outb. 2Se« 
 fiocstbc afo?efaio tljjee fijips, toe tooke another fi)ip of Pegulaocntoitbpepper, ano pcrcct'm'ng 
 her to bee laocn toitlj marcljantsgooossofPegu onelp, toeeBifmifieo her toithout touching an? 
 thing* 
 
 » %p& bauing Caico here 1 o oaiess ano oifchargeo her gooos into the Edward,tobicb toas about 
 tljebcginning of September, our fickemen being fometobatrcfrcfiKOanomfiie, toted futb re* 
 itcfe as toe bao fount) in this fl)ip,toe toeigheo anker, Oetermining to runne into the trreights of 
 Malacca to thcjlanos caHeo Pulo Sambilam,tohithare fome fiue ano fojtie leagues j!5o?thtoarD 
 ofthe cittc of Malacca, to tohkhSllanDis the Portugals mutt neeos come from Goao?S,Thome, 
 fojtbe Malucos,Cbina,ano lapan. glnotohentoee toere there arriueo, toe lap too ano agapne 
 f 0} fuel) (hipping as fijoulo come that toap. ^Ijtts bauing fpent fome fiue capes, upon a &unoap 
 toe efpieo a faiie tohicb toas a Portugal 1 fljtp that came from Negapatan a totone on the maine of 
 India ouer-againft the tftojtheatr part of the 3le of Zeilan ; ano that night toe tooke ber being of 
 250 tunncs : (be toas laoen toitb&tce fo? Malacca. Captainc Lancafler commanoeo their cap* 
 taine ano matter aboo jo our fijippe, ano fent Edmund Barker hislieutenant anofeuenmoje to 
 keepe this p?i?e, tobo being aboo?o the fame, came to an anker in thtttie faoomes toater t foj in 
 that chanell tb?ee 0? foure leagues from the fboje pou (hall finoe gooo ankojage. 35eing thus at 
 an anker ano keeping out a lightfo? the Ed ward, another Portugall ujip of Sant Thomeoffoure 
 hutipjeo tunnes, came ano ankereo haro bpbs. %\}t Edward being put to £cetoaro fo? lacke of 
 hclpeofmentohanolcherfailcs, toas not able the nert moaning to fetch her &p, until toe tobitfj 
 toere iutljep?t?etoithourboate, toenttohelpetomanourlhtppe. ^hencommingaboo?0toe 
 toenttotoarotlje (bippeofSant Thome, butourffiiptoas fo route that fijeeefcapeobs ♦ Sftee 
 toe bao taken out of our Portugall pjije tobat toe thought gooo, toe turueo her ano all her men ae 
 toap crcept a pilot ano foure Mopres . £23e continueo here buttll the firt of October, at toljicft 
 SKc? 700 time toe met toith the (hip of tbe captaine of Malacca of feucn ljunc?co tunnes tohi'cb csme from 
 Goa : toefbotatbertrianptbot, anoatlafiujootinghcrmaine-patotbjough, fijcccmctcan an* 
 keranopeeloeo. ffiUecommaunDco her Captaine, jailer, pilot ano purfer to comeaboojo 
 to?. TButtljc Captaine accompanico toith one fouloieronelp came, ano after certaine conference 
 toith. hMbe mase ercufe to fetch the Scatter ano jpurftr, to^ic^ be fsf teoulo not come bnleffe 
 
 Pcra. 
 
 pulo Sam'oilam. 
 
 safiiipafNc: 
 
 pctan (Alien. 
 
 3tBifpofS. 
 Thome. 
 
 <3H)ega]«onrif 
 
Ad. fames Lancajler. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 107 
 
 hetoemfojtljem : but being gotten from bsm tbeeogeoftbecucmng;, ^e uitttj uil ttjie people 
 tohicb toere to tlje number of about tbjceljunDjeDmen, toomen and cljilDjin, pteaujoje toitlj 
 tuio grcatboateg aimquite abanboneo the Ibtp. 9 1 out comming aboojD toe foutiD in bet Grtccne 
 pieces of bjau~e,anD tbyce bunojcD buts of Canatie toine, anD .liSipar mine, tobiclj is maae ot the 
 plme trees, ami raifin toine tobtcb is alfo berp flrong : as alCb ail kino of IJpabcrDaujcr toarcs, as jjj.'KJI^*' 
 rjats, veo caps kntt of g>pani(b toooll,toojfleD fltockmgs knit,fyooes,beIuetg,taffataeg,cbarnlets, €«ninda. 
 anofiikes, abtmDanceofl"uekets,tice, Venice glafles, cercatnepapersfullof falfe anD counter* 
 fete Cones tobicb an Italian tyougbc from Venice to Deceitte tbe ruoe Indians toitball,abunoaoce 
 of playing caroes,ttoo o? tb? ee packs of if renclj papet.iiabatfoeuer became n f tlje tteafure tobi cfj 
 tofuallp is b?ougbt in roials of place in tljis gaIlion,toe coulo not fine it . after tbat tbe mariners 
 tjao Difo jo? C3 lp piilco tljis riclj (bippe, t be Captaine betaufe tbcp teoulo not foltoto ljts commait- 
 Dement to biUaDetbofeerceUentujinesintotbeEdward.abanDoneDrjer^letbetD^ue at <§>ea, 
 taktngout of Ijer tbe cboifett tbingstbat u> tja^ &no Doubting tlje fojees of Mahca, toeDepan* 
 teo thence to a 15aicincbekingoomofluufalaom, tobicb is bettoeene Malacca ano Pegu ngbt ^ffctngftom 
 Degreesto tlje j12ojtljtoarD,to feekefo? pitclj to trimme our fl)ip.lj?ete toefentour foulDter,tobtcb of Iu " r ' u " >m - 
 tbmptatneoftbeafo^efaiDgalionbaDleftbebmDbimtoubbS, bccaufehebaotljeMalaian lan- 
 guages beale toitlj tbe people fo?piccb,tobicb hceDiDfaithfuilp, amrpjocurcD bsfonte ttoo oj 
 thjee quintals toitbpjomife of moje, ano eertaiue of tbepeople came bnto bs. 3Be fent commo* 
 Dittcs to tbeirkingto barter fojamber-grif ft, anDfojtbeboj;nc£( of Abatb, tobcrcoftlje king 3Srnt>cr.gr«rf. 
 onelp ijatlj tbe traffique in bra bancs. JfJoia tljts Abath is a beaft totitctj hacbone borne onelp in f^ mcBDt 
 bet fojdjcaD.ano is tbougljt to be tbe female llniconie, ano isbtgblp efleemeo of all tbe Moores %m'cmue w- 
 tntljofepartsasamottfoucraipcrcmcDieagainftpopfon, QHehaD onelp ttoooj tb?ee of tljefe Mcetnt - ' 
 bo^nesn)!jtcbareoftbccoloucofab;oujnegrap,antifomerearonablequantitieofambcr-gttife*. 
 2t lad tbe king toent about to betrap our Porcugall toitbour maccbanDife : but be to get abac jd 
 bs, tololjim tbat toe Ijao gilt armour, fljirtcsofmaileanobalberDs, tohicb things tbepgreatip &omc rmaii 
 oefire : f o ? hope toljereof be let bim re tutne aboojo, anD fo be efcapeo tbe Danger , Cljus toe left K" u ?«e 
 tbis coatt ano to enc backc againe in Cgbt of Sumatra,anD tljence to tbe pianos of Nicubar,tobere g '° J****™" 
 toe amucc ana founD them mbabiceD toitlj Moore*, anD after toee came to an anker, tbepeople ctJcWrnueiu: 
 fcailp came aboo?D bs in tljeir Canoas.toitb bennes.Cocos, plantans ano otljer fruits: anD toitlj> *J J'™° f J* 
 in ctooDapestljcpbjougbtbntobs roials of plate, giuingbstbemfojt Calicut clotb: tobicb roi< amn'tiabi'tio 
 als tbep finoe bp Diuing fo } tljem in tlje Sea, tobitb toere loll not long before in ttoo Ponugall bf Moore,> 
 ujipstoljicbtoerebounDfoj China ana toere cat! atoap there ♦ 'Cbepcallin tbeir language tlje 
 Coco Calambe.tljc piantane Pifon,a lj)en lam, a fiQj Iecan,alJ)og Babee . .from tljence toe ^i' E ? ««""« 
 rctumeDtljc2iofjaouembertogoefo?tbe JlanoofZeilan, anDarriueDtbwe about tbetljiro ^betSSSieai 
 cfDecembec i j92.anoankereDbpontbc^)OutljfiDemfis;efaDomEStoater,tobcretocIo{fouc zdla,, • 
 anker,tbe place being rockie ano foule grounD.^ljeh toe ranne along tlje Sjoutbtocflpatt of tbe 
 fapD 3!lano, to a placccalleo Punta del Gallc,tobere toe anfeereo, Determining cberc to bauc re"? 
 maincDbntilltbecommingoftbe Bengala ^iettoffeueno?eigbtfbips, anDtbejFiceteof Pegu 
 ofttooo?tb?eeraile3,anDtbePortugalHl)ippesofTanaferi being a great 15aie to tbe S>outb- T**n"*i*i 
 tostjJofMartabammtbefeingDomofSiam : tobtcb,ujips,bpDiuersintelligenccstobtcb toeljao, ISm. tlamof 
 toereto come tbat toaptoitljin foureteeneoapts tob?ing conunooities to feruetbe Caraks,tobic() 
 commonlp Depart from Cochin foj Ponugall bp tbtmiDDeft of Januarie. Zfyz commooittes of 
 tbe fnrppestoljtcb come from Bengala bee fine pauillionsfoj ueDs, to?ougljt quilts, fine Cali- «nmmobtru» 
 tut clotb, Pintados ano otljer fine too?kee, anDKtce, anD tbep make tljisboiage ttoifeintlie ofEen s»>»- 
 peere.^bofe of Pegu tying tbe ebiefeft ftones, as Rubies anD Diamants,but tljeir djiefefcaigbt <somnnoitic0 
 is aiceanocertaijte clotb. ^bofeof Tanafeti are ctjieflp fratgbteD toitlj Sice anD J3ipar toine, JJcoSpDitwsr 
 tobtcb is berp lirong, ano in colour like bnto rocke toater fometobat toljitifb, anDberpbote in tt-vmm. 
 taflelikebitto Aquavits;, iptingfljotbptotbe place afojefapo, calleo Punta del Galle, toee 
 tame to an anker in foule gtounDan&lsft tlje fame, anDlapalltbatnigbtaojift, becaufc toebao 
 notoebtttttooankersleftbs , toljicb toere bnflockeD ano" in bolD, raijereupon ourmentooke 
 otcafion to come borne, our Captaine at tbat time Iping berp ttcke mo^e like to cie cljen to line, 
 3ntbe moaning toee fetour fojefaile Determining to lie bp to tlje jf3o?tbtoaro auo tljere to 
 keepe our felues toano againe out of tlje current, tobtcb otbettoifetooulD Ijane fet bs offtotbe 
 ©outbtoaro from all knototn lanD , ^bus batting fet our fojcfaple , anb in banD to ftt all our ?j grtatnit* 
 tttbetfapIestoaccompltftjourafo^efapD Determination, our menmaoeanftocrf tljat tljcptooulo ««"wtbe 
 take tbe it Direct courfefo* England anotooulo trap tbere no longer . jaotoe feeitigtbep cohId s " n,tt)tt,a,:& - 
 notbccperftoaoeabpaiip meanespolTiblr, tlje captaine toascontlcatncD to giue bis confentto 
 returne, IeauinoJ^ll bope of fo great potabilities, ^bus tbe eigljt of December 1 5 9 s, toee 
 fct faple fo? tlje Cape of Buona Speranfa^ paffing bp t&e Sflanos of Maldiua, anD leauing tbe 
 
 wigbue 
 
io8 The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, M. lames Lancafter. 
 
 3t notable re; 
 
 ltEfCOlfilljCP 
 
 taken. 
 
 Baia ii. A<;oa. 
 
 CDtp bonble 
 tttcSAveof 
 Buona Speranfa, 
 
 .Helena. 
 
 Iohn Stgar an 
 
 ■englittjman 
 UfciS mo* 
 
 mtgljtiE jilano of®. Laurence on the flarreboojo oj jSojtbtoaro in tlje latitude cf 26 Degrees to 
 the a%outb,3n our paffagc otier from &, Laurence to tbe mame toe bao ercecDing great fto?e of 
 Bonicos ano Albocores,tobicb are a greater kino of fiftj : of toljiclj our captain, being noto reco« 
 tterea of Ijis ficknefTc 3 too!tc ttiitfj an booke as manpinttoo o?tlj?cc botoers as tooulD ferue fowie 
 pcrfonsaiuljolconp, 3nD this fkole of fifb continued toitb our fljip fo? the fpace of fiue oj fire 
 ttetkes, aUtohicbtohiletoetooketothequantitteafo?erapD, tobich toas no fmall refrctbing to 
 as, 3injFebmarp 1 593, toefelltoitbtheCafiermofilanoofAfricaataplacecalleD Baia dc 
 Agoa fome 1 00 leagues to tbe jfilojtbeattof tbe Cape of Good Hope:anD finoing t&e toinDS con* 
 trarp,toefpentamonettjo?fiuetoeekcsbefo?etoecoulDDonbIetljeCape , after toeebaODou= 
 blcoitin Starch folototng, toeeoirecteDourcourfefojtheSlanD of Santa Helena, anoarriueti 
 there tljc tbiro Dap of 9p ytt, tohere toee ttat'co to our great comfo?t ninetcene Dapes : in tobich 
 mcanc fpace feme one man ofostooketbittiegooDlp Congers in one Dap, anDotljer tockietwje • 
 
 nnD fome Bonicos. after Oliratriuall at Santa Helena, 31 Edmund Barker tocnt on fl)0?e toitb 
 
 fourc o?fiuePeguinso? men ofPegu tobtcb toeljao taken, anoour&utgion,toberetnan boufe 
 
 bp the CljappelliJ founn an Cngltfyman one Iohn Segar of Buric in Sufrblke,tobo teas It ft tljcre 
 
 ettjlKcene monetljsbefo?ebp Abraham Kendall, toljo put intbcretoitbtbcRoiallrnarchant,anD 
 
 "h^ifnaii" Jcft ^i** 1 tbcre to ref re(b bim on tlje Jilauo, being otbertoife like to Ijiute perifijeD en IbipboojD: 
 
 Helena! ° "** auo at our comming toee founo bim as frell) in colour aim in as gooo plight of boop to our fce- 
 
 mmg as might be, butcrajseDinmiiiDeanDhalfeout ofbistoits, as aftertoarDtoeepercciucD: 
 
 a mirscnionB foj ttfjetberbetoerepue in fright of OS, notknotoingatfirBuihatteetoere, tohetberfricuDso? 
 
 tftiiKfM« os foc3 1 °> of fuoccn iop toben be inoerCtooDtoe toere bis olDe confo?ts ano countrepmen, bee be* 
 
 tttmm top, came iDle-ljcaDeD, ano foj eigljt Dapes fpace neither nigbt no? Dap tooke anp natural! reft, ano 
 
 fn at length oieo fc? lacke of flecpe. $ere ttoo of our men, tohereof t be one toas DifeafeD toitb tbe 
 
 fktirute, ano the other bao bene ninemonetbsfickeof tbe flute, mfljo^ time tohiletbep toere ou 
 
 the 3ilanD,recouereD their perfect health. (KJcfounointhis place greatfto?e of Ocrp bolcfcme 
 
 ■arijc at rcriptis ano etcellent gooD greene figs., ojenges, ano lemons ocrp faire, abundance of goates anD (jogs, 
 
 imfrsXfiTi!' ann great plentie of partriges, (Suiniecocks, anDotbertoiloefotiles, JSDur mariners femetobat 
 
 of ranta HcUna. DifcoHtenteo being nototoatereo ano bauingfome pjouifionoffiflj, contrarp to trjetoill of the 
 
 capitaine, tooulo fttaigbt l)ome, "She capitaine becaufe be toas Dcfirous to goe fo } Phemambuc 
 
 inBrafil, granten trjeir requeft. anoaboutthe i2 0fapjill 1593, toe DepartcD from S.Hele- 
 
 na,anD Directeo our courfefo? the place afo?efapD. Z>\)t nert Dap our capitaine calling upon tlje 
 
 failcrstofiniuj afo?efaile tohicbtbepbaD in banc, fome of tbemanfuiereo that Onleflechep might 
 
 got Ditcctlp home, tbeptooulo lap their hanDs to nothing; tobcrcupouhe toasconftraiueDto fo* 
 
 loto their bttmotir, 9no from tbence-fooub toe Directeo our courfe fojourcountrep, tobtcb toe 
 
 kept bntill toe came 8 Degrees to tlje 33o?tbtoarD of tlje Cquinocttall, bettoeene tobich 8 De* 
 
 grees ano the line, toe fpent Tome fire toetkes, toitb manp calme ano contrarp toinos at Jflojtb, 
 
 anD fomtimes to tbe Caff toatD,n;fomtimes to tlje£a3ciltoarD: tobtcb lolTe of time ano erpenfc of 
 
 oarlitctuals.tohereoftoeijaDberpfmalftojejmaDerisDou'ottokeepeourcourfe^tiDfomeofottc 
 
 mengrototngintoamuttnie th?eatneDtob?Eakcop other mcnscljcfts,totbeouertlj?oto of our 
 
 Uictuals ano all our fcIues,foj cuerp man Ijao bis fbare of Ijis bictuals before in his otone cuftjiDp, 
 
 tljattbepmtgljtbefurctoljattatruflto,anDbufbanDttmo?etlj?tftilp ♦ 2Dur capitaine feeking to 
 
 pjeuent tljts mifchiefe,being aDuertifeo bp one of our compame toljtch baD bene at the 31c of Tn. 
 
 nidadainS^.ChidleisbopagejthattberetoeujoulDbefuretohauerefcefbingjhereuponDtrecten 
 
 Ijis courfe to that 3lanD,am> not knotting tlje currents, toe totteputpatt it in tlje nigljt into the 
 
 gttlfe of Paria in tlje beginningof 3Iune,torjeretn toe lucre 8 dapcs,finDtng the current conttnuallp 
 
 fetting in.ano oftentimes toe were in 3 faDomes toater.ano coulD finn no going out Until tlje cut* 
 
 rent bao put ns otter to the dSJefletnfiDeonDer the maine lanD,tohere toe founD no current at all, 
 
 ano mo?eoeep mater; ano fokeeping bp the ujojc.tlje toinD off tlje fijoje cuerp nigljt Bio belpe Os 
 
 out to the jftojtbtoarD.TScintj cleare,toitbinfoure 0? fiue Dapes after toe fell toitb trje 3le of Mo- 
 
 natoljere toe ankreD ano rooe fome eigbteene Dapes . 3!n tobich time the Indians of vf ona gaue 
 
 Bsfomerefrefting. 3nD in tlje meanc fpace there arriueo a jFrenchlbip of Cane in tobich" toas 
 
 capitaine one Monficur de Barbaterre, of toljom toee bought fome ttoo buts of toineatro b?eao, 
 
 ano other Oictuals . ChentocetoatereD anDfittcDourujippe.anDttoppeBagreatleake tohicb 
 
 b^oke on 0«s as toe toere beating out of tlje gttlfe of Pana. ano Ijauing thus maoe reaop our Q>i\* 
 
 togoeto @>ea, toe DetermineDtogoeDirettlpfoj New- found-land, Kutbefo^etoeeDeparteo, 
 
 there arofeaftomiethetoinDebeing jaojtljerlp, toljich put os from an anker ano fo?ceD OS to 
 
 the <§>outhtoarD of Santo Domingo. Chis night toe toere in Danger of fljiptojackeopon an Slano 
 
 calico Sauona.tobtcb is enuironeD toitb flats Iping 4 oj 5 miles offipet it pleafeo <Dod to cleare os 
 
 of them^ fo toe Directeo our courfe (GIMtoarB along trje Sllano of Santo Domingo,anD Doublett 
 
 Cape 
 
 Chtgnlfeof 
 
 Pana.oj Bocca 
 del Dragotie 
 tiatTco. 
 a gaoB note. 
 
 CrjeSttof 
 Mona. 
 
 5tI1c7IC0f Sa- 
 uona emuroiKD 
 'witfjflatB. 
 
Ad. lames Lancafler. Traffiques and Difcoueries. i o o . 
 
 Cape Tiberon, ano paffeo th?tmsb the olb chanell bettoecne s&.Dommgo ano Cuba fo? the cape 
 of Florida : 3no here toemet agaiue toith tbejFrench fljip of Caen, tobofc Captaine coulo fpare c, P e£,eTlbcron - 
 Us no mo?: victuals, as he DtD,b u t onlp bibes toljtclj ijc ijao taken up trafftkc upon tbofe 31flanO0, ®i> e 0| » « 6«nci 
 tobcretoitbtoe toere content anogatu>bmifo?tbemtobi0gooofatiffaccion. after tbis.pafftng v * m ' 
 tlje Cape of Florida, ano cleere of t(je cfjanell of Bahama, toe otrecteo out courfe fo? tlje banhe of 
 Newfound-land* 'Ehus running to the height of j 6 oegrees,ano as farre to the <Eafi as the 3jfle 
 of Bermuda the 1 7 of September finotng tlje initios there berp bariable , contraric to our erpec* 
 t ation ana all mens tujttingss, toe lap there a bap o? ttoo the toinoe being no?tberlp,atu> mcreafing 
 continuallpmo?e ano mote , it gretoeto be atto?me anb a great frete of toino : tojjicb continueo 
 toith bs fome 24 houres,toitlj fuctj ertr emitters it carieo not onelp our faples atoap being furleo, 
 but alfo maoe much toater in our ftjtppe , fo that toee hati fire f oote toater in holoe, ano Ijauing 
 freeD ottr fbip thereof toith baling, the toinoe ujifteb to the Ma } tlj toe ft ano became oullero ; but 
 p?efcntlp bpon it the ertremitie of the flomic toas fuch that toith the labouring of our (hip toe loft 
 our fo?ematte, ano our (hip gretoeas full of toater as before. Che flojme once ceafeo , ano the 
 toiuoe contrarp to goe our courfe.toe fell to confultation tohich might be our bed toap to fane our 
 1 m c s ,C ur bictuals noto being btterlp fpent.fljaumg eaten biocs 6 0? 7 baies.toe thought ic bed 
 to beare back againe fo? Dominica , $ tlje Hflanos aoiopning,bnotoing that there toe migljt batte 
 fame rcliefe, tohcreupon toe turneb backe fo? the fato Jflaubs, TSut befoje toe coulo get thither ®»«* ""'me 
 the toinoe fcanteb bpon us, toljicb bio greatlp enoanger bs fo? larbe of frefh mater ano bictuals; vBmtaSe. 
 fo that toe lucre courtrainco to beare bp to the ffiTlefttoaro to certaine other Jlanocs calico the 
 Nueblas 0? cloubie 3llanos,totoarb0 the 3Ie of S>. Iuan de porto Rico, inhere at our arriuall toe 
 foimolanb-ctabsaubfrefb toater, anb to?topfes, tohich come mofl on lanoe about the full of the 
 moonc. iipete hatting refreujeo our fducs fome 1 7 0? 1 8 oapes , ano hautng gotten fome fmall 
 flojeofbtctualg intoouru;ip,toerefoIueDtoreturneagamefo?Mona:bpontobichouroetermi' 
 nation fittc of ottr men left bs, remaining Hill on the ales of Nueblas fo? all perftoafions that toe mmmln^t 
 cotilb bfe to the contrarp,tohich aftertoarb camehome in an Cnglifij f&ippe, from thefe 31lcs toe Nutblas « 
 beparteo ano arriueoatMona about the ttoentieth of jfrouember 1 593 . anb there comming to 
 an anker totoarb ttoo o?th?eeofthe tlocke in the mo?ntng, the Captaine, ano Edmund Barker 
 his iieuetenant toith fome feto others toent on lano to the Ijotifes of the oloe 31 noian ano his tb?ce 
 Cannes, thinking to Ijauc gotten fome foooe, our bictuals being all (pent , ano toe not able to p?o - 
 eeebe anp further butill toe hao obtepneo fome m to fupplp, COe fpent ttoo 0? tb?ceoaies in fee- 
 king p joutfiott to carp aboojto to reltette the toljolecompanie.ano comming ootone to goaboo?o, 
 the toinoe then being no j t herlp ano the fea fometohat grotone , tfaep coulo not come on iijo?c toith 
 the boate , tohich toas a thing of fmall fuccour anb not able to rotoe in anp rough fea, tobereupon 
 toe ffapebbncill tlje nert morning, thinking to bauebao leffe toinoe anb fafer paflage. 15uc in ^ t anpm 
 the night about ttoelueoftljeclocke our (hip bio o?iueatoaj> toith fine men ano a bop onelp in it, «>p tumniB*. 
 ourcarpenterfecretlpcutthcirotonecable.Ieauingntneteeneofbaonlanotoithout toate o? n^ u,ai! ' 
 np t hing,t our great infcomfo?t. 3!n the miooefl of thefe imferies repoGng our trtt ft in the pec > 
 neffe of (Son, tohichmanp times before hao fuccoureo bs in our greateft crtremities, toe conten* 
 teoourfclues toith our poo?ec(!ate, ano fought mcanes to pjefcrue ottr hues. Snobecattfe one 
 place bias not able tofuftatnebs, toe tootte our leauesone of another , oiuiomg our L'clucs into 
 fcuerall companies. %fy greatefl rcliefe thattoefire tohich toere toith theCaptainc coulo finoc 
 fo? the fpace offline ano ttoentie oapes toas the Oalkes of purfelatne bopleb in toater, ano notoe - f • . 
 ano then a pompion, tohich toe founo in the garoen of the oloe Jnoian , toljo upon this our fecono '""' 
 
 arriuall totthhisth?ee fonnes Bole from bs , ano kept himfelfe continually aloft in t!jemotm= 
 taines . Sifter the enoe of nine ano ttoentie oapes toe efpieo a jfrench Ujippe , toljidj after to aroc 
 toe bnoerttoob to be of Diepe, calico tlje Luifa , tohofe Captatne toas one Mounfieur Felix, 
 unto toljom toee maoe a fire, at Gght tohereof Ijetooke tn histopfaples, bare in toith the lano, 
 ano Ujetoeo bs bis flagge, toherebp toe tubgeb htm jf rencb i fo comming along to the ZOeBcrne 
 fnbcoftljc3flanothereheankcreD,toemakingBotone toithallfpeeoebntohtm. Sit this time 
 the J noian ano his tlj?ee fonnes came bone to our Captaine Sj&aBer lames Lancafter , ano toent 
 along toitlj htm to the fljtppe. %W night he toent aboo?b the French man , tobo gatte him goob ™°° §** of 
 entertainement, ano the nert bap fetcbeb eleuen mo?e of b0aboo?o entreating bs all berp cour* qpe ' 
 teoufip, ^Lhisbap came another jFrench ujippe of the fame totone of Diepe tohich remapneb 
 there butill night erpecting our otljer fctten mens comming ootone : tobo , albeit toe caufeo cer« 
 tainepiecesofo?otnancetobe Ojot off to call them, pet came not ootone. ^thereupon toe oc< 
 parteo thence, being oeuioeb Gre into one ftjip, ano fire into another, anb leauing tljis3Klanb, 
 Departebto?the jf2a?thfioe of S>aint Domingo, tohere toeremaineo bntill 3p?ill following 
 14P 4, anb fpent fome ttoo monetljes in trafftke toith tlje inhabit ants bp permutionfo? Ijioes 
 
 Kkk ano 
 
no The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, M,8dn>.Qotton. 
 
 ti adkt in &, 
 Domingo. 
 
 S^.LaneaHwrfc 
 tnrncrti ro 
 Dicpe, ailB fo 
 to England, 
 
 auo otljcc marcbanDU'es of tbe Countrep ♦ la tljis meant tutjile there came a Ojippe of New- 
 hauen to the place toijere toe toere, toberebp toe ban intelligence of ourfeucnmen tobich toer 
 left bebinfle bs at tbe 31fle of Mona : tobicb toas, tbat ttoo of tbem b jane tbeir nerfees toitb ben* 
 King to tafce foules bpon tbe dtffes , otber cbjee toere flaine bp tlje Spaniards, tobicb came from 
 S>aint Domingo, bponkratoleDgegiuen bp otrc men tobicb toentatoap in tbe Ed ward, tbe o* 
 th er ttoo this man of Ncw-hauen tjao toitb bint in his tyippe, tobicb cfcapeo tbe Spaniards bloo» 
 Bie banes, jfromtbiss place CaptaineLancaflcr ano bis Lieutenant Scatter Edmund Barker, 
 ibippeo cbcmfcliies in anotberfluppeof Diepe,tbeCapcametohereoftoas one Iohn LaNoc, 
 tobicb toasreaoie firff to come atoap, ann IeauingtbeceC«f tbeir companie in otber ujips,tobere 
 tbeptoetetoeIlintrcateD,tocomeaftetbini J onfnnDaptbefe«enibofapfllij94tbepfetbome* 
 toarbe , ano nifboefeing tb?ougb tbe Caijcosfromtbence arriueo fafelp in Dicpe toitbin ttoo ano 
 fo jtte oapes after, on tbe 1 9 of 8g)ap , tobere after toe baofl aptB ttoo oapes to refreQj our felues, 
 ano gfuen bumble tbnnfecs unto <Soo,anb bnto our ftienolp netgbbours,toe toofee pafiage fo j Rie 
 ami lanoeb tbete on 5F rioap tbe 24 of S^ap 1 5 9 4 > bautng fye™ »" tljtst bopage t&jee peeres,Gre 
 tocefees ano ttoo oapes, tobicb the Pormgalesperfo?me in halfe tbe time, cbiefelpbecauletoee 
 loffour fit time ano feafon to let foojtbin tbe beginning of our bopage, 
 
 SHe bnocrftooo in tlje <£afi Indies bp certaine Portugales tobicb toe tbofce,tbat tbep baue late* 
 ip Bifcoutrco the coafi of China to tbe latitane ofntoe ano fiftie Degrees , finning the fcaflillopen 
 to tbe |3o?tl)toarD: giuing great tope of tbej!2o?tbea8o; jSojthtoettpaOage. JHattneuespa= 
 Iter lames Lancafter. 
 
 Certaine remembrances of an intended voyage to 'Brafill , and the 
 Riuer af Plate ,by the Edward Cotton, a {hip of 260 Tunnes of Matter Ed- 
 ward Cotton oiSoHthhamptott,vihkh perKhed through extreme negligence nearer to gran, 
 de in g«H»>jthe 1 7 of Iuly I 5 8 3. 
 
 A Sticks of Couenants agreed bpon bcttoecne Edward Cotton $(quier,otoner cF the gooo 
 [hip calico tbe Edward Cotton of Southhampton.ano of all tbemarcbanorjes th Iyer laoen, 
 of tlje one part , ano William Huddic gentleman , Captaine of tbe faio fljip , Iohn Hooper bis 
 Lieutenant, iohn Fofter 2paffcr,Hugh Smith Plot fo? tbe to&olebopage, anb William Cheek 
 man marcbant, on tbe other part, 
 
 (©obferutamilaiepetbebaplp o?oer of Common p?apet aboo?otbe$ip, 
 ano tbe companie to be calico thereunto , at tbe lead once in the bap , to be 
 pjonounceo openlp, 
 
 31 tern, tbat tbep be reaop toitb tbe firfl faitre towoe, to fet faile ano faita* 
 in tbe bopage, anb not to put into anp pojt 0; harbour , but being fcjctblj? 
 ' confiraineDbptoeatt)er,o; otber apparent ano bjgentcaufe, 
 
 3 jtem, tbat tbep tafte in, at 0? abouttbe 3ues of Cape Verde , to tbe quantitie of 25 0? 30 
 tuns of fait, to be implopeo among other tbe otoners marcbanoi je , at Santos, ano ©, Vincent, 
 to bis onelp bet) oof e , ano tlje red of tbe fait ,fo mucb as Dj all be neeoeo fo } bictnall,anb fo; fautng 
 of tbe bine s to be itept aboo|b, $ tbe fame fait to be p jduidco either at tbcfilbermens banosneere 
 t^e fain Jl fleg fo; truc&e ot commobities, oi els to be tanen in at tbe afo jefato 3]fles,at tbe bifcre* 
 tion of tbe abouenamen. 
 
 4 3tcm,bpontbeburpcrfo;manceoftbt0boiage,tbeotonerbinbetbrjt<nfelfebptbisbeeDe,ta 
 peelo bnt anp fuel) of tbe companie , as (bail refufe tbeir u)ares befo je tbep Depart from tbe coaft 
 of England, 20 marues a (ingle (hare, fo;tbebutieoftbetohole botage, making not aboue 7;, 
 (bares finglein tbe tobole. 
 
 5 atem.tbecoinpanpaccojbingastbepbeappofntebbptbeofitctts of tbe faio fljtp aboue na* 
 meb,Q)allatalltimesbe mofireaop to Doe tbeir painfull inneuoj, not onelpaboo^b, but in all la- 
 bours at tbelano,acco;bing to tbe Direttion giuen bp tbe aboue nameb officers, bpon paincof &^ 
 feiture of tbeir (bates ano toages, tbe fame to be biuioeo amongtt tbe companp. 
 
 6 jtenuiiat tbe (bares be taken at tbeir returne out of altbe traineoile,anb htots of tbefeales, 
 ano of all otber ccmrnobities gotten bp tbeir banue Iabour,ano of tbe fait tbat fljall be benoeo ano 
 other ccmmoDities, at,o?neere tbe coafiof Brafill,to alloto after 9 \u tbetatme freigbt, tohcrcof 
 one tl)iro to goc to tbe rompanie, 
 
 7 31 tern, t nat tf anp man (ball pjactife bp anp beuife 0; oeuifes tobatfoeuer.to alter tbe boiage 
 ftomtl)? true purpofe ano intent of tbeoninet,vir,tomaftetbeitfirttpojtat Santos, ano <§>aint 
 Vincent, ano tberetoteuictttaJla»ttW^e,anbftomtbericetotbjett«et of Plate tomabetbeif 
 
 bopage 
 
M.Sdw.f^otton. TraifiquesandDifcoueries. no 
 
 boj'age bp tb ■: traine , ano Ijioe of tlje fealea, bJith fuch otljir c^mmootttes as art tljsct: to be bab, 
 ncco?bing as the obmr r, toith outers ctjac haue gouernment in the faro (hip, are botmD to fjer bigh- 
 neffebp their oceoesobligatojie in great fuinmcs ; that all fuch p?actifer8,bpon Due pjoofe maDc, 
 fljalUoofetheirUJljoIewtertainement cue bpfljareso^therbJifcfoj this fapoe bopage tobeao- 
 iusgeDbptl}e£aptame,bis Lieutenant, tlje Scatter, pilot, ano merchant, o^thjee oftljcmat 
 the leatt, Vohcrcofthe Captainc to be one. 
 
 8 ji t cm,tbat il)i ptnneffe be reabp at al times to rente the merchants' turne bpon bis ocmanb, 
 ta take in buare3 atiD commoDities, ano to carp ano recarp to ano from the fhoje, toijeu, anD as oft 
 as necee (hall be,ano to giue Due attenDance at tlje warrant ano marchants Dircction,Durmg the 
 luhole bopage. 
 
 9 31tem,tbat no beaD o? cljtcfe officer being fet Dcinne fo? fuel) ait officer oncer tlje bano oftrje 
 otoner,at tlje going to fea of tlje faio ujippe , Eh.aH o? map be ctfpiacco from his faio place o? office, 
 to>ithout great caufe, ano bis mifocmeano? to be abiuogeo bp the Captainc, ano bis Lieutenant, 
 the Staffer, tlje plot, ano the merchant, o;t bp tbe content of tbjee of tljem at the leaff, 
 
 io 3;em,thatbponthe returne of the fhippetothecoatt of England, the S^aittcr ano pi* 
 lot put not into anp pojt o? Ijatbour , to tlje aaJettwarb of Southhampton, but fojceo bp toca* 
 ther, o} tuclj like ujgent cauft* 
 
 William Huddie. IohnFofter. 
 
 Iohn Hooper, William Cheefman. 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
 A direction as well for the Captain e, and other my friends of 
 the ihip, as efpecially for William cbeefmm Marchant, for the voyage to 
 
 the riuer of Plate. 
 
 % pour commingto the 3KIeof S>aint Sebaftian, bpan tlje coatt cf Brafill ,pou m* 3fle of 
 fballaccojoing to pour bifcrctions, make fale of fuel) commoDities, as pott map s)- 5 * 1 *"!""- 
 thtnke tuiU be thereabout toell bentco. ano liketotfe to bup tqmmooities tuitbout 
 i making longer flap there then pourbtctualsbe pjouiDing,but rather to befpeake 
 ; commoDities agatnft pour returne from the riuer of Plate , efpeciallp of amber, 
 fettgar, ©reene ginger, Cotton niooll , anD fome quantttte of the peppers of the countrcp there, 
 aifofo? paratsanD junkies, anb the beaftcalleoSerrabofa. 3Ifo pou fhallbarrellbpoftbe 
 beefecallco Petune,ttooo?th?ee barrels, ano to lofe no gooa epojeunttte, to gather of the In- 
 dian Sgges, ano thEgraineia of tljenuopjeferueb?ie,itt fitch quantitie as conuenientlp map be 
 bone: ano touching tlje making of the traine, ano pjeferuing of thehtoes, aieatteittohdllpto 
 theojocranotljeDifcretionof the chiefe of thecompanie. 9lfo thatmanp roab toheretlje fijt'p 
 fhallrioebpon tlje coafl of America, trial! be mace toith the b?ngges, fojthe pearle SDtQerjs, 
 ano the fame being taken, to be opencD anD fearchebfo? peatle in tlje p?rfence of the Capcaine,his 
 Lieutenant ,tlje fatter, the pilot ano marchant.o? thjee of tbcm,bjbereof the Captaineo? bfe 
 lieutenant to be one, anD to rematne in the cuttooie of tlje Captatne ano ntarchant , bnber ttoo 
 lockes.eitljer of them to haue a kep to bis obine locke, ano that a true itiucnto?ie be DeliucrcD alfd 
 to the Rafter ano pilot of the faio pearle oj otljaieujclsofpnce gotten in thefaibboiage,to t^e 
 intent that no partte be DefrauDcD of his Due ,anb that no concealment be mabe ofanp fitch thing 
 bpon forfeiture , tbe partte to lofe bis ujare ano butie fo? the bopage that ujall fo conceale ano not 
 reueale it unto tlje officers abouenameo, aifotoboe pourbeainbettourtotrp fo? tlje bell ©?e 
 of goIbe,Cluer, o j other riclj mettals toljatfoetter. ^o?gct not alfo to bjing the kernels a«D feeD» 
 offlrangeplantsb)ithpou,tbePalmitob)itljhisftuitinclof£binbt'm t !§)erue©oB i keepegooii 
 match, ano ftanb aliaapes bpon pour garoe. 
 
 Edwaird Cotton. 
 
 ^Ijefe things being thus ojoereo , ano the fbip of theburben of 160 tttnnes ,toftlj 8 j men of 
 all fortes funtiOjeb , ano fullp appointeo fo? the bopage, began to fee fade from Hurft Cattle bp* 
 on.ffrroapihe2oofS0ap,Annoi 585 , ano the i7bapof3!ulpenfuing fell tbith the coaftof 
 Guinie , to take ia frefb toater, toljere , th?ougl> mtcre Diffolute negligence, flje pertfheo bpon a 
 OinD,mithtljemottpartof tljemcntnljer^sappeatecbbptheconfeffionofonet^atefcapebjt^ 
 fubttanceanDtenojtohereofisthis. 
 
 Kkk i The 
 
Rio grange. 
 
 ©aeCoxemi 
 
 man tiurirD 
 almt bp tl)E 
 MooresofRio 
 gride lit Guinea. 
 
 1 11 The tingliih V oyages^Nauigations^T/^ arrefl in Spaine* 
 
 The confeflion of William Sends Mafters Mate in the Edward fot- 
 to»,xhe 2 1 of O&ober, Ann. 1584. 
 
 HC foptb, tfMt tfte 1 7 Dap of Jttlp,Anno 1 j 8 j, batting; fomc lacheoffrcfT; tuater, tbep put 
 toovriE ayo« tUc confl of Guime, toljcre tljep toetc fet Upon a fanD about 8 leagues from tbe 
 D)0?e,ann tljts €raminate,toitb 29 mojc,got into tlje piimette,toljo srrtucD tn an 3iffanD,bemg De* 
 folateofpeople, ano fine mius in conipafffc,tobcre tbep rcflcD 18 Dapesthrougb force of toeatber, 
 bauingnougbtto cate but grade. Cbe rettoftbe companp tbeftjip being fpltttcD m ttoo, anD tn 
 quarter5,got diem into one of tbe after quatters,ano up tlje belpeof raftcs came alfo afljojc into 
 another 3liiantincere to Rio grande, toljcre tbep all tiieD as be fuppofrtlj, 
 
 %\yt otber 30 in tlje pianette, at tljc cno of 1 8 Dapes.Dcpacteo tbat 3lflano, ano came to §>amt 
 Doniingo^berecomnunajonujoje^bep^cretafeenoftbeMoores.f flrtppcDnafecD,9iiDt|)ep 
 btirieo one Coxe an oloe man aline ,nottoitbftauDing big pttifuil lamentation ano fkrtkings : tlje 
 rettrjautng IRiceanu toater allotoeo tbem, liueo tberc a cettaine time. ©bis €raminate toas at 
 lafi Colo to a iportugall, toitb toljom be Dtoelt tlje fpace of a quarter of a perc,ano in tlje cno,a po?« 
 tugall Carauel commtng tbitljcr.bis matter f aoeo tlje fame toitb Negroes, ano Ije obtaineo leaue 
 of bis ntatter to goe in tlje fame Caratteli, 9 bp tbat meanes arriueo at Lisbone, ano from tljence 
 came into Englandtbe i70f©ctobcr, 1 j 84,Ieauing beljinoe Ijim of btscompante aIiue,Ri- 
 chard Hatker, Iohn Baker, Iohn Mathe w, anoa bop, toitb ttoo otijers tobicb toere gonebepono 
 j&aint Domingo: all tobicfj, as Ijefaitb, toere Caliche ano DtfcafcD, tljac beiuDgctlj tbem to be 
 long before ttjtg time oeao. 
 
 The efcape of the Trimroje a tall imp of London, from 
 
 before the towne of 'Bilbao in Bifcay : which fliip the Corri- 
 
 gidorof the fame Pro uince, accompanied with ^Spaniards, 
 
 offered violently to arreir, and was defeated of his purpofe, 
 
 »• -' and brougbc ptifoncr into England. 
 
 Wheteunto is added the Kin gs Commifllon for a generall imbargment of 
 
 aneftof all Eng!ifh,Netherlandifh,andEafierlings fhips, written 
 in Barcelona the 1 p of May 1585, 
 
 jjS| % fenotbnfcnotoenbntotbetoorlbtobat Danger our Cngliuj ujippesijatte 
 
 ; lately cfcapcD , Ijoto ftjarpelp tljep batiebeene tncreateD, anD botoe Ijatoip 
 
 tbep Ijauc beene attatiltcD : fo tbat tbebaliancie of tljofe tbat mannageo 
 
 tbtm is toortbp remembrance. 9no tbetefore inrefpectof tbe contagious 
 
 attempt anDbalianc cnterprifeoftbefijipcalleDtbe Primrofe of London, 
 
 toljiclj batbobtemcDrenotnne, 31 bane taken in Ijanoc to pu bitty tbe truetlj 
 
 t ijerc of , to t Ijc intent tljat it m ap be generally km tut u to tbe rett of 1 I; c €ng= 
 
 liflb ujips, tljat bp tlje goon erample of tbts tbe rett map in time of crrremitieaDurnturetoDoe 
 
 tlje iifee : to tbe bonour of tlje Ecalme, ano tbe perpetual! remembrance of tbemfclues J €be 
 
 maner totjercof toas as follotoctb. 
 
 V&on SEUDnefoap being tlje Cre anD t toentietb Dap of ffl^ap 1 5 8 y , tlje Qjt'ppe calico tlje 
 Primrofe being of one bmio?eD ano fif tie tunnes, Iping mitbout tbe bap of Bilbao , bauij^j 
 beene tbcre nuooapes.tbere came a^paniujpinnctre to tljem, luberein toaat&eCorrigidor 
 ano fire otbers toitlj bim : tljefc came aboo?D tlje Primrofe , feeming to be 80arcbantes of Bif- 
 cay,o?fucljltRc, bringing Cljcrrtcstoitlj tbcm, anofpalte berp frtenDlp to tlje ^attter of tlje 
 ujtp,b)bofe name toasFolfcr, ano Ijetn courteous toife baDtbem boelcome, mafeing tljem tbe 
 bett clj?tre tbat be coulo bJitlj beere, beefe, ano bifket, toljcrebjitb tljat ujip bjasbJellfurniujeD: 
 ano tnbile tbep toere tbus in banquetting toitlj tlje S^aitter ,foure of tbe feuen oeparteD in tlje 
 fapD pinneffe , ano tocnt b3cfee againe to Bilbao : tbe otljer tljjiee ttapeo , ano toere betp plea* 
 Tairt foj tbe time. 13ut Scatter Fofler mifooubting fome Danger fccretlp gane (peecrj tljat be 
 toas Dottbtfull of tbefementoljattljetr intent toas; neuettbelefle be fapDnotljtng,nor feemco 
 in anp outtoare totfe to mittrutt tbf m at all, jFoortbtoitb tbere came a u>p-boate toberetn toere 
 leuentte perfons being S©atcbants ano fucblikeof Bifcay :ano beftDestbigboate.tljerccame 
 alfo tbe ipinnettc tobiclj before ban b?ougljt tbe otljer tb?ce , in tobicb Pinnefle tljere came foure 
 ano ttocutiCjfls tlje ^aniaros tbemfelueg Once confetteo, Cljefe maDe totoatDg tlje Primrofe, 
 
 ano 
 
The arreft in Spame. Traffiques and Difcouenes . 
 
 »?. 
 
 nr.D being come tljitljcr ,tfjerc came aboo?o the Corrigidor ujulj tlj?ee o?fcure ot his men : but 
 spatter Folter fcrino; tfjis great multitude Deficco tbat tljVrfc'migbtiu) moie come aboojDj but 
 t'jat tbe reil fhcmlo (lap in tljcir boatca, tohtch tons granttD t nctawbrlefli' tbep tooke fiiiall Ijeeoe 
 of tljefe UJomes; foj ou a fitDDaine tbep came fooitb of tbe boatc , ending tijc (bippe, rtterp ©pa* 
 niaroe taking Ijimto bis Rapier lubic.b tbep brought in the boate , imttj other weapons, ano a 
 ouimmeinberemitb to triumph ouer tljcin. '©ljus did the ^pariiarfis enter the (bippe, plunging 
 in fieccelpbpoiuljemjCome planting tbctnfclueHbnDcrtbcDcche/oniccnti-ingtbeilabbeHg^anD 
 amttltituDeatteuDtng'tbeic pjap, ^Lbentljc Corrigidor bailing an officer luiclj [jim tofjtclj bare 
 a tohite uwno in bisljaitD, Capo to the matter of the ibip : Yecld your felfe, for you are the kings 
 priibner: vubeteat tlje Raider fapote bis mm, We arc betrayed, ©fjen.fotneof them fetoag* 
 gers to bia ujcaft , anD fcemeo in furious manner ns tbouglj ttjep tooulo bane flame Ijim , mca* 
 ning notbing IcfTe tljcn to Doe anp fuel) act.foj all tljat t(jcp fougijc luas to tying htm atiDbtsmen 
 fafe aliue toiljoje, CSBljereat tljc SpaiBer mas ama^eo, aim his men greatlp oifcomfitcDtofee 
 rhemfeluesreaoietobeconucpeDeuentothcnauajljter: itotlDitljGanDtng feme of them refpcc= 
 ling theDaungec of the Spailler, anD feeing IjoUutoithtljemfclues there mas no map but pje lent 
 nea"tb if tljep mere once lauDeo among ttjc Spaniards , tljep refolueo tljcmft lues eptljer to Defenn 
 the Spaitcer , ano gencrallp to ujttnne ttyat oaungcr , oj elfe to Die ann be buricb in the miODcff 
 of the fea, rather then to fuffet tljcmfeluesto come into thetomientojs IjatiDs: aim therefore in 
 iierp bolD ano manlp fojt fome tooke them to their iauclings,latices,boje-fpeares,anD fljot,toljicb 
 tljep Ijao-fet in reaDtncffc before, anD hauing Sue Calietters rcaoie cbargeo , luijtclj mas all the 
 fmall ujot tljep han , thofe that mere unoec the hatches o? the grate Din' (boote up at tbe Spaniards • 
 tljat mere ouer their ljeaos,BJljicb fijot fo amajeothe Spaniards on the fttDOatne, as tljepcoulo 
 barDlp tell mljiclj map to efcape the Datmger , fearing this their fmall (hot to be of greater mint' 
 bertljcu it toas:otljers in berp manlike fo?t Dealt about among them, fljetomg tljemfeluesof 
 that courage mittj bo?c-fpeares aim lances, that tbep nifmapen at euerp flrofee tmo o? tb?ee Spa- 
 niards , Chen fome of them nefircD the spatfler to commaunn his men to ceafc ano haloe their, 
 Ijanoes, but Ijee anftoeren that fuel; mag the courage of the Snglilb Ration in Defence of 
 their omnc Hues , that thep mouln (lap tljcm anD him alfo i anD therefore it lap not in him to Doe 
 it, jaomDiQtheirblooorunncabout the fijt'p in great quantitie, fome of them being (hot in be* 
 ttoeene the legges, the bullets ijTtting foojtb at their bjeaOs, fome cut in the bean, fome t(j?uff 
 intotbe boote, ano manpof themberp fine mounDcD,fo that tljep came not fo fafi in on the one 
 fioe, but note tljep tumbleD as fall otter boo?D on both Goes inith their toeapons in their Ijanoes, 
 fome falling into tlje fea, ano fome getting into their boates , making haKe tomatoes the Citie, 
 SnD tljis is to be noteo, tljat although thep.cauieaerp tbicfee tljitljcc , tbere rcturtieo but a fmali 
 compante of them, neither is it fenoicuen as pet Ijom manp of them mere flaine o) QjoloneD , onelp 
 oneCnslifljman mas tljenflaine,pi)ofenainemasIohnTriftram, ano Ore otljerljurt. 31t teas 
 great pitie to bebolD hobo tlje Spaniards lap fmimmingin the fea, ano mere not able to faue their 
 Itues, jfoureof them taking holee of Hje Bjippe merefo? pities fake taken up againcbp£©aifiec 
 Fortcr ano his men, not knomingmhat tljep mere: all tlje Spaniards bofomes mere fiuftmitb 
 paper , to Defeno them from ttjefijot, aitD thefe fottre hauing fome mounos mere Djett bp tlje fur-- 
 gionof tlje Ibtppe. £)ne oftljemtoas the Corrigidorhimfelfe,mljois gotternottrof a hunDjeo 
 •^omnes anD €itw m.Spaine 5 his liuing bp Ijis office being better then fire hunD?e&pounD pcre* 
 Ip. €l)is rkirittiuj Ijappeneo in tlje euening about fir e of tlje do eke, after thep hao laoett tmentie 
 Auntie cf ^cdDs ano better out of the fapD Ibip i mhich gooos mere neliuereD bp tmd of the fame 
 ftip, mhofe names mere lohn Burrdl, anD Iohn Brodbanke,mijo being on u)o?etoerc appje* 
 {jenDeDanDflapeb* 
 3 ftertl)(sualtantenterp?tfc of eigljt ano tmentie Cnglim men againC 97 Spaniardes, tljep *t». 
 m it mas in bailie to} tjjem to flap ano therefore fet bp faples , ano bp ©ods pjouioence attop. Sna! 
 
 Ccrrigidof 
 Bilbao rafttig 
 bioitgbc 
 
 fam itmas in viame to? tijem to ttap anD ttjeretoje let bp lapies , ano bp Qpods pjouioence attop 
 Deo all Danger, b^ottghtljome the retl of their gooDS, ano came tljcncemith allerpeDition: ano » ****** 
 ((Sod be thankeD) arritteo fafelp in England neere London on 5HeDnefDap being the 8 oap of 
 Slune, 1585, 3in mijicb tljcir returnc to England the Spaniards tbat tbep b?ougbt mitlj them 
 offereDfiuehtmojeDcromncsto be fet on fijojeinanp place: mhicb, feeing the gpaiflermoulo 
 not Doe, tbep mere content to be rulcD bp Ijim ano his comuanie, ano craueo mercte at tljeic 
 banns, Sun after Scatter Fofter DemaunoeD mbp tbep came in fucb fojt tobetrapanD nellrop 
 tljem, the Corrigidor anfmereD, that it mas not Done onelp of tljemfelues,bttt bp the eommanDe* 
 ment of tbtkingbimfelfc ; ano calling fo? bis bafe mbiclj mere met , DtD plucke foojtlj tlje kings 
 Commi(lion,bpm[jicbl)e masautljojijeDtoDoc alltbatbeDiD:^lje Copie mijereof foHometb* 
 being tranflateD out of ^pauiib, 
 
 Kkk 3 The 
 
ii^j. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations,TZ?e arrejl in Spaine* 
 
 The Spanifli kings commifsion for the generall imbargment 
 
 or*arrelt of the Englifh, &c. 
 
 LIcentiat Ae Efco6er, my Corigidor of my Signorie oiHtska), I haue caufed a great flectc 
 to beputinreadineliein the hauenof Lw/'flw, and theriuer of £/»///. There is required 
 for the Souldiers, armour, victuals, and munition, that are to bee imployed in the fame great 
 ftore of fhipping of all fortes againlt the time of feruice , and to the en.d there maybe choifc 
 made of the beft, vpon knowledge of their burden and goodnefle ; I doe therefore require 
 you, that prefently vpon the arriuallof thiscarrier, and with asniuchdillimulation as may 
 be (that the matter may not be knowen yntill it be put'in execution) you take order for the 
 flaying and arrefling (with great forefight)of all the fhipping that may be found vpon the 
 coafl , and iri the portcs of the fayd Signorie, excepting none of Holand, Zeland> Safterland, 
 Germanie , England, and other Prouinces that arc in rebellion againft mee, fauing thole of 
 France which being litle, and of fmall burden and weake, are thought vnfic to ferue the tutne. 
 And rhc flay being thus made , you iTiall haue a fpeciall care that fuch marchandize as the 
 fayd fhippes or hulkes haue brought, whether they be all or part vnladen , may bee taken 
 our, and that the armour, munition, tackels, fayles, and victuals may be fafely beflowed,as 
 alfo that it may be well foreieene , that none of the fhippes or men may efcape away» Which 
 things being thus executed , you fhall aduertifc me by an exprefle meffenger,ofyour procee- 
 ding therein : And fend me a plaine and diftinft declaration of the number offhips that you 
 fhall haue fo flayed inthatcoatt andpaites, whence euery one of them is, which belong 
 to my Rebels,what burthen & goods there are.and what number of men is in euery of them, 
 and what quantitie they haue of armour, ordinance, munition, victuals, tacklings and other 
 neceffaries, to the end that vpon fight hereof, hauing made choifc of fuch as fhall be fit for 
 the feruice, we may further direct you what ye fhall do. In the meane time yoo fhall prefent- 
 ly fee th is my commandement put in execution, and it there come thither any more fhips,you 
 fhall alio cauic them to be flayed and arretted after the fame order , vfing therein fuch care 
 and diligence, as may anfwere the trull that I repofc in you, wherein you fhall doc me great 
 feruice." Dated at "Barcelona the 29 of May. 1585, 
 
 9nrj. thus hatte pou rjearu tfje truetb ano manner thereof, toberetn is to be noteo tlje great cou* 
 rage of tfje mauler, ano tt>e Iouing hearts of the feruants to faue their mailer from the oaun* 
 ger of Death ; pea, ano tbe care tuljicli the matter bao to fauefomucb of the otoners gooost 
 as bee might, altbougb bp tbe fame tbr rrrrateftis Ijtsovone loffc in that be map ncttcr traueU 
 to tbofe parrs anp mojc without tbelotTe of bis otunc life, no? pet anp of bis fematurs t fo; 
 if bereafter tbep moulo -, being hnouien tbep are like totatteoftbeujarpetomients mbidjare 
 there aecuttomco in tbeir H?oIp-bo"ufe, 3no as fo? tbeir terming €ngu'lb fijippes to be in re* 
 bellion againft tbem , it is CttrT'cicmlp Imotoen bp tbemfelnes , ano tbeir otune confeiences can 
 not oenie it , but tbat mitb loue.bnitic, ano concojo , our fbippes baue euer beene fauourable bn=> 
 to tbem, ano as 'milling to pleafure tljeit itting , as bis Cubiectes anp map milling to pleafure 
 CngliibpaOengers, 
 
 The Letters patents or priuiledges granted by her Maieftic 
 to certaine Noble men and Marchants of London, for a trade 
 
 to "JBartarte, in the yecre 1 5 8 y. 
 
 ' Lizabeth bp trje grace of <0oO ©ueene Of England,France,anO Ireland,tjefen» 
 
 j tier of tbe faitb,$ c.to tlie 'Ereafttrer 9 Tparons of our €fcbequer,ano to al SJ&ai* 
 
 ojs, ftirif s.conttablcs , cuffonic r s,collcc to jg of our cuttomes ano fubuotes,con* 
 
 \ t rollers, fearcbers,ano keepers of our Ijaucns ano creettes, po } t s ano paflageef, 
 
 I mi t bin this our realme of Engla nd ano tbe Dominions of tbe iame,ano to al our 
 
 ' officers , miniflers ano fubicctsi ano to all otber mbofoeuer to mbom it ujall o? 
 
 map appertaine , ano to euerp of tbem greeting. 2£lbereas it is maoe euioentlp ano apparantlp 
 
 fcnomen tinto Ds , tbat of late peeres our rigbt truttie ano rigbt welbcloueo counrellojs, Ambrofc 
 
 Crle of Warwike,ano Robert €tlt of Leicefter,ano alfo our louing ano naturall fubiects,Tho- 
 
 masStarkieof our citie of London aioerman,Ierard Gore tbe eloer,ano all bis fonncs, Thomas 
 
 Goretbceloer, Arthur AticgentIeman,AlexanderAuenon,RichardStaper,WilIiamIennings, 
 Arthur Daw beney, William Sherington,ThomasBram!ie,Anthor.yGarrard, Robert How, 
 Henry Colthirft, Edward Holmdcn,Iohn Swinnerton, Robert Walkaden, Simon Lawrence, 
 Nicholas Stile, Oliuer Stile, William Bond, Henrie Farrington, Iohn Tedcaftle, Walter 
 
 Williams, 
 
zA patent for \Barbary. Traffiques and Difcouenes. 115 
 
 Williams,William Brunc,Iohn Suzan, Iohn Newton, ThomasO wen, Roger Afield, Robert 
 Wafhborne.Reinold Guy, Thomas Hitchcocke, George Lydiat, Iohn Cart wrighr, Henry 
 Paiton,Iohn Boldroe, Robert Bowyer, AnthonicDaflell, Auguftine Lane, Robert Lion,nnO 
 Thomas Dod, all of London, S^arcljantB note tracing intojtbc Countrep of Barbary, in the 
 parts of Africa, tonoer tbe gjucrnmcntof MuIyHarnmetSberiffL-, Cmperoj of Marocco, ano 
 king of Fefle ano Sus, Ijaue futfaineo great ano grieuous loues 3 am> are lihc to fuffaine greater if 
 it fljoulo not be pjcucnten:3(n tenner cuftoeration u)bereof,anD fo? that oiuers ^archanoije of the 
 fame Countries arc toerp neceffarp ano conuenient fo? the Dfe ano Defence of this our Kealme of 
 England,anD foj outers other catifes us fpeciallp mouing, minoing tlje relicfc aim benefite ofotir 
 faio fubieccs,ano tlje quiet trafique ano goon goucrnmetu to be bats, ano trfeo among tljem in tljcic 
 faio traoe ,of our fpeciall grace, certaine ftnottJlcBge, ano mcere motion Ijaue giuen aitD grantco, 
 ano Dp tbefe p? cfents fo; bs,our Ijci re s ano fuccclfojs,ooc giue ano grant unto tlje. faioe Carles of 
 Watwike anD Leicefter, Thomas Starkie, lerardGoictbcelOcr, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alex- 
 ander Auenon, Richard Staper, William Iennings, Arthur Dawbenie, William Sheringron, 
 Thomas Bramlie,Anthonie Gerrard,Robcrt Howe.Henry Col hii ft, Ed ward Holmdcnjohh 
 Swinnerton,Robert Walkaden.Simon Lawrence,N>cholas Stile.Oliuer Stile, William Bond, 
 Henry Farrington, Iohn Tcdcaftle, Waiter Williams, William Brune, Iohn Suzan.Iohn New- 
 ton, Thomas Owen, Roger Afild, Robert Wafhborne,RainoldGuie, Thomas Hitchcocke, 
 George Lidiate, Iohn Cart wright, Henry Payton, IohnBaldroe, Robert Bowyer, Anthony 
 Daflell,Auguftine Lane,Roberc Lion.anD Thomas Dod, tbat thep ano CUCrp of tbem bp tI)Cm» 
 
 felucs.o? bp tljcic factojs 0} fcruants, ano none tbers, (hall ano map, foj,ano ouring tbe fpacc of 
 . 1 2.pceres,haue ano eniop tlje tobole freeoome ano libertic in the faioe trafique 6} trace, bnto 0? 
 from the faio couutrep of Barbary ,o? to 0} from atippart tijereof,fo j tlje buping ano fcllingof all 
 maner of mates ano marcljanoijcs tobatfocuer , tlj.it noui cj atcuitomablp heretofore Ijatte bene 
 b?ottgljt 1 tranfpojtco/riJjO? to tbe faio countrp of Barbary ,o? fro o? to anp of tlje cities.totones, 
 places, pojts, roaocs, fattens, ljarbo?s o? creeks of tfje Taio countrp of Batbary,anp laio,liacute, 
 graunt,mattcr,cu[tomcso?p?tuileges(,totbecontrarpinanptoifcnotto)itlj(lanDing. 
 
 3no fo? tbe better e(Iabli(hmg,o?Dermg ano gouerritng of the faio Cries of Warwike ano Lei- 
 cefter.Thomas Starkie,&c. abouefato,trjcir facro?s,feruants ano affignes in tlje traoe afojefafa, 
 toefoj us our heircs ano faccetfojs.ooe bp tuefc p?efencs giue ano graunc full licence to tlje faioe 
 Thomas Starkicjerard Gore tbe eloer,ano tbe red aforrfatoe, ano to euerp of tbem from time to 
 time.ouring tbe faio terme of twclue peres, at tljeir pleafuces to afi'emble ano meete together in 
 anp place j places conuenient toitbtn our citie of Londoner elfeuiljcce.to confult of.ano fo? tbe 
 faio t raocano tuitlj tbe confent of tlje faio Crle of Leicefter,to make ano efiabliQj gooo ano necef* 
 farp jeers ano oiDinanccs foj,ano touching tbe fame.ano al fuclj o joe ts ano omittances fo maoe, 
 to put in u je ano crccute,atiD tfjem oj anp of tbem tuttlj tlje confent of tlje faio Crle of Leicefter.to 
 alter, cbange ano mafee bopoe.ano if neeo be,to mafee ncto.as at anp time During tbe faioe terme, 
 thep 0; tlje mott part of them then lining ano traDing,ujal! finoe conuenient, 
 
 ^jouioeo altoapes,tbat tbe oroinanccs 0? anp of them bee not contrarpo? repugnant to tfje 
 latoes.flatuteg oi cuttomes ofcrjis ouc Kealme of England. 3no to tlje intent tbat tfje p onelp to 
 tobom tbe faio Ubertie of trafique is graunteo bp tljefe our tetters patents, anonoueotljer ouc 
 g>ubiects tobatfoeuer,tt)ithout tljeir fpccial confent ano licence befo?eljao,fljotilo During the fain 
 terme foaue traoe 0? trafique fo? anp maner of Sparcljanoijes.to.oj from tlje faio countrep of Bar* 
 bary,oj to,o? from anp Citie,toBjne,place,po?t, barboi o? creefei toitbtn tljefaio countrep of Bar. 
 bary.to.o? out of our faio Kealmes ano oomintons, nice ooe bp tbefe piefents ttraigljtlp cljarge, 
 commauno,ano pjaljtbtte all ano euerp our Siubiects luljatfocuer, otljer tljen onlp tlje faio Cries: 
 of Warwike ano Leicefter, Thomas Starkie, ano tbcreftaboucfaio.ano euerp of tbem bptljcm- 
 felues,oj bp tljeir jfacto?s 0} feruants ouringthe faioe terme, to traoe o? trafique, fo? 0? toitljanp 
 marcbanoije, to, o) from tbe fatoe lountrep of Barbary, 0? to, 0? from anp tijt Dominions of tlje 
 fame.astbeptenoerourfauour, anotoillauopoc our Ijigb oifpleafure, anobpon paine of impji« 
 fonment of bis ano tljeir booies, at ouc toill ano pleafure, ano of forfeiting all tlje marcbano^es, 
 0? tbe full ualue thereof, lobereiuici) tljep 0? anp of them ouring tlje faioe terme.ujall traoe o?tra* 
 fiqueto 0} from tbe faio countrep of Barbary oj to, 0} from the Dominions of tbe fame, contrary 
 to tljisonr'piiutlege ano prohibition, bnlcfleitbe bpano Haiti) tlje erp?effe licence, confent,ano 
 agreement of tbe fatoe CrleS of Warwike ano Leicefter, Thomas Starkie, Ierard Gore tljecl* 
 6er,anoallljisfonnes,Thomas Gore tbe ClOec, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alexander Auenon,RU 
 chardStraper, William Iennings, Arthur Dawbnie, William Sherington,7homasBramlie, 
 Anthonie Gerrard,Robert Howe.Henry Colthirft, Edward HoImden,IohnSwmi)erton,Ro- 
 bert Walkaden, Simon Lawrence, Nicholas Stile, Oliuer Stile, William Bond, Henry Fa- 
 
 rington 3 
 
u6 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, c P^^«;/or ^Barharj. 
 
 ringcon, Iohn Tedcaltle, Walter Williams, William Br.une, lohri Suzan, lohn Nevvton,Tho- 
 masOwen.RogerAficld^obei'tWaQiborne^ainold Guy ,Thomas Hitchcock, George Li- 
 diace,&c.o;t'bi> J auQ with tljcerpretTe licence ano confentoftbe more part oftbnn tljen lining 
 ano tcadincj, Rett IjaB ano obtainco, To alvuaprgij tljat tlje TtipD Carle of i-e icelier be cjie 3 tf tjee liec 
 luting, . 
 2lno toe furtljecfo j us our b^ttcS ano rucccCTojcf cf our fpccisH grace, mecrcmotionanDter« 
 
 Ifline knobJleDge,Do gMtmt to Ctje fatO CrlCS of War wike ailO Leicctter,Thomas Starkie,anD tlje 
 
 red abottefaiD, anD to euerp of them;, that nothing fljallbe cone, to be of force or baliDitie touching 
 tlje faiBtraoe o> traf5fiuc,o? cbe ctercifetl3ereof,uiubout oi agatnd tlje cdnfent ofttjeraine <ErIcs, 
 Thomas Starkic, (ano tfje otbcrs btfoje naniED ) During tlje time of chefe our Litters patents fo? 
 i2,pccrcsasaforefaiD. 
 
 aim for that tlje faio Crles,Thomas Scarkie.f c, atw euerp of them afo jefaio ujoulo not be pre* 
 uenteD o i tutercupteo in tins tljeir fain traoe.tee no bp thefe prefents for bs.out heires ano fuccef* 
 fours , Qratghtip prohibite ano fojbio allmaner of perfon 0} perfons , as tuell flrangers of tohat 
 nation or coantrep foeucr,aa our otune &>ubtects,otber (ben onelp tbe fain Cries ^Thomas Star- 
 kie.fjc.anD euerp of them as afojefaitj, tljat tvjep nb? anp of tijcmfroiuljencefoo^th outing tlje faio 
 tcrmc of r 2. peeres, do or fljali bjitig, o jcaufe to be brought into this our Sealme of England.o j 
 to anp tlje Dominions thereof, anp maner of marchancijcsbMjatfocticrgrobJtng, oj being mane 
 ttitljin tlje faio Countrep of Barbary.or bJitbin anp the Dominions thcreof,bnIefle tt be bp ano britbj 
 tlje licence,confent ano ogreement of the faio Cries,! homas Starkie.sc. o? with the content ano 
 licence of the more part oftljem tIjenliuing.firllhaoanDcihtaineD/oaluiapespthefapDCtleof 
 Lciceiter(ifbce be iiuing) be one, bnocr the paine that euerp one tljat (hall offenoojooeagainft 
 this our prefent prohibition here laft abotte mtntioneo in tbefe prefents, fljall fojfcttc anD lofe all 
 atiD fingttlar tlje faio marcbanorjes to be lanoco in anp our realmes anD Dominions, cotrarp to tbe- 
 tcno? ano true meaning oftljis our prohibition in that bebalfepjouiDeonhe one mottie of all ano 
 euerp bihicb faio fojfaitures tobatfoeuer mentioneD o? fpcci&eo in thefe bur prefent Letters pa* 
 tcnts.fljalbc to bs our Ijeires 9 fitecelfojs: 3no tlje other mottp of al ano euerp tlje faio forfaitureS, 
 lueooe bp tbefe parents of our certaineknoi»leogeanD meeremotion,cIeaielpanDtobolpforbs, 
 ourheires anD fucccffojs,giueanD grauntbnto the faioC^Ics,ThornasStavkie,?c. SlriD thefe 
 our Lctterspatents, upon tlje onelp fight thereof.brithotttanp further tbarrant,fljal bee fufficient 
 autljo^itie to our ^reafuret of England foj the time being, to our Karons of the Ctcbequer,an» 
 to all other our officers that fijall batte tooeale in this behalfe, to make full allowance bntotbe 
 faio Cries/Thomas Starkie.gtr. their Deputieso? affignesoftbeone mottie of all ano Angular the 
 gooDSjmarcljanDi^es ano things tohatfoeuer mentioneD in thefe our prefent Letters patentS,ta 
 be fojfaiteD at anp time o? times During tlje faio terme of tmelue peres t tobich faio allotoance toe 
 Doe flraigbtlp charge ano commaunD from time to time to be maoeto tbefapDCrles/fhomas 
 Starkie, 9. c. an°D to euerp of them acco?Dinglp,b)itbout anp manet of oelap o? Dcniall of anp of otic 
 officers b)tjatfoeuer,as tljcp tenoer our fattour ano tlje furtherance of our gooD pleafurc, 3 no toee 
 Doe flraigbtlp charge antr commauno, anD bpthefeprefents prohibite all anD lingular CuflomersS 
 ano Collectors of our cuflomes 9 fubfiDies,ano comptrollers of the fame,of,anD bucbin our Cttie 
 ano port of London,attD all other pontes, creekes, $ places toitbin this our Keaime of England, 
 ano euerp of them,that tljep ne anp of them take o? perceiue.o r caufe,or ftiff er to be takcn,receiutD, 
 0} pcrceiueo for as f in our namc,or to our bfe.o? to £ »fes of our heires o? fuccelfors of anp per* 
 Con or perfons,anp fum o? fummes of monep,or other things tobatfoeuer During the faio terme of 
 1 2,peres,for,ano in the name ^lieto ojplaceof anp cuflome,fubfiDp $ other thing or Duties tobs, 
 our tjctres or fucceffors Due or to be Due for the cufiomes 9 fublloies of anp marchanDijesbihatfo' 
 euer gcobnng, being maoe or coming out of tlje faio countrep of Barbary.or out of the Dominions; 
 tbereof,nor make,caufe,nor fuffi r to be maoe anp tntrie into our or their books of cufloms $ Cub* 
 fioies.nor make anp agreement for the fubfiDies anD cufloms, of.anD for anp the fat'D marchantSj 
 fatting onelp bJitlj.f in the name of tlje faio Crlesj homas Scarkie.f c« or the mott part of tljem,a* 
 thep ano euerp oftljem toil! anfbaere at tljeir bttermoflperils to the contrarp, SinDfor the bettec 
 ano more lure obferuation of this our graunt,biec bJtll.anD grant for*" 3 our heires 9 fucceuojs bp 
 thefe prefents, that the ^reafurer 9 barons of our Crchcqtter for the time being,bp force of this 
 our graunt or enrolment thereof in tlje faio coutt.at al 9 euerp time 9 times During the faio terme 
 of 1 2,pcreS,at 9 bponrequefl maoebnto them bp tlje faio CrlcB,Thomas Srarkie,^c.oj bp the at» 
 turneis,factors,Deputics oj afltgnes of tljcm^r tlje moll part of them tljcn Iiuing ano traDing,HjaU 
 ano map make 9 Direct bnoer the feale of the fain Ctcljcqttcr, one o? moe fufficient tortt or toritfi, 
 clofeor paten ts,bnto euerp or aupof ourfaiD cuftoiners, collectors or cotrollers of our Ijetrcs anu 
 fuccelTor.S in all ano euerp, 0) to anp po?t oj ports, crteke, hauen, 0? other places toitbin thts out 
 
 •tealme 
 
/W. Hen.' Roberts. Tra$ic\ues and Difcouenes. 117 
 
 realmc of Engiand,as the lain Crles,Thoma» Starkie.jc. 0} my the atturneis,taccojs 3 DiputiC3 
 ? afTtsucs of tbrm oj tljcmofl part of tljcm then lining r.uo tracing, fhallat anp time require, 
 commaunDtnganfl.ttcaigbtlp charging tbemanocuerpof tljem, tbflttlj^pnoianpoftbeniatnnp 
 time o? tunes During the fato tcrme of i 2,peercs, make anp entrie of anp toares ojmarcbanorjes 
 tobatfacuer,gratoing,bcingmaDe o? commingout o) from tlje fato countrep of Barbary,o? tlje »o< 
 minions tlietfof.no? receiue 0? tahe anp cuflome,fubficie oj otltcr fiutic.o? maKe anp agreement 
 fo? tbc fame,oti,cr tljcntoitlj oj in tlje name of ilje fato Cr[es,Thoinas Surkie.jc. the facto? 0} 
 factojs,oeputics o? nfitgncs of tljcm o? tfjc mod part of them t hen lining ano traoing,accoiDing to 
 this our graunt,anD tlje true meaning tljereof,anD acco;Dtng to our faioe mill ano pleafure before 
 in thefe pjefentsoeclareo. 3ln toitneffe thereof toe bauc caufeD cljcfe our letters to be tnaDe pa= 
 tents. SElicncffe our felfe at Wett-minlier the s.Dapof 31ulpin tlje 27,pcereofoarreigne. 
 
 The AmbafTage of Mailer Henry Roberts ■ one of the iworne EC- 
 quires of her Maiefties perfon,from her highnefieto Mu//j>HametEmipc- 
 
 rourot Xfytarocco and the King o{FeJfi,and Sttrjn theyeere I j8j: who remained there 
 as Liger for the fpace of 3 .yeeres. Written briefly by himfelfe. 
 
 pon an incojpojation granted to tlje Companp of Barbary g^arcljantg reft* 
 sent in London^ Henry Roberts one of bercpaieflicgfuiome Cfquires of 
 !jerpcrfon,toas appomteoberljigljncue metTenger, anD^gcnt bntotlje a-< 
 foiefain Mully Hamet tSmperojof Marocco.ktng of Fefle ano Sus. 3no af» 
 tcr 3j fjao receiueo mp Comimu"ion,iiittructions, ano her S©aic(ites letters, 
 3 Departed from London the i4.of auguffmtbeprcre 1 585^ a tall (hip 
 calleti tljcAfcenfion, in tljecoinpanpoftlje Mimon auDHppewell, ana toe 
 allarriucoinfafetieat Azafi a pojt of Barbary, tlje 1 4.of September urn follotoinrt, Che Al- 
 caide of tlje totone (being tlje kings officer there, ano as it toere g^aio? of the place) receiueo mec 
 toith allijttmaniticano bonour,acco?oingto tbe cu(romeofthe£ountrcp,lo6ging mem tljechie- 
 feft houfc of tlje totone.from toljence 3! oifpatcljco a mefienger (toljiclj in their language tljcp call , 
 a Trottero)to aoumffe tlje ©tiperour of mp arriuall : toho immectatlp gatte ojoer, ant) fent cer* 
 tatne fotrtDters fo? mp guaro ano cohouct , ano Ijo jfes foj mp felfe, ano mules fo? mine otoneanO 
 mp companies carriages, ^husbeingaccompanico toith S0,Richard E'uans, Edward Salcot, 
 ana other EnglifhSparchants rcfiDenc therein the Countrep, toith mp tratne of Moores ano car* 
 riages.acanie at length to the riuer of Tenfilt,tol)iclj is totthin foure miles of Marocco:anD there 
 bp the teater fine 31 pitchco mp tents onoer the 2Dliue trees : tohcre 31 met toith all tlje Englifh 
 SBatcljantsbpthemfelues,anD tlje French anDFlemifh,anDOtueisotljerChriflians,toij!Chatten« 
 Deo mp comming, 9no after toe Ijao Dineo,{tfpent out the heat of tlje Dap,about foure of tlje rlocke 
 in tlje aftecnoone toe all fet fojtoaro totoaro the Citie of Marocco,toljere toe am'itro the fatti cap, 
 being the i4»of ^epicmber.ano 3! toas loogeo bp theCmpcrours appointment in afaire Ijoufe is 
 tlje ludaria j lurie,tohich is tlje place tobere tlje lewes baue their abooe , ano i& the fairefl place, 
 ano quieted looginginaUtbe Citie, 
 
 after 31 hao rcpofeo mp felfe 3 . t>apes,3! baft accede to the kings pjefence, oeliuereo mp mete 
 f igeanoher itpatcdicslecters, ano toas receiueo toith allljuniatiitte,am> hao favourable auoience 
 from time to time to? tljjcc peeres : During tohich fp«ce H aboDe there in his Court, as her S^aie- 
 Ctea §gcnt ano ligier : anotoljenfoeuer 31 Ijaooccatton of buGneffe 31 toas aomitceo cither to bis" 
 90aicllie himfelfe, a} to Ijts vice Roy, toljofe name toas Alcayde BiemeSaphiana,abcrptotfe 
 anDDifcrcetperron.anothecljicfeftaboutljisgpaiettie, CheparticuIersofrnpferuice/oioiuerS 
 gooo ano teafonable caufes,31fo?bearc here to put Dotone in tojtting, 
 
 Sftcr leaueobtaineD.anD an honourable retoaro bettotoeo bptbe C"mperourbponme,3I Oepar* 
 teDfromhisCourtatMaroccothei8.of9uguQ 1 y 8 8,totoaroagarBenofbt8,tohichtscaIIeD 
 Shersbonare, toljere he p?omifeo mee3Ifl)culollapbutoncDap foj his letters : botobctt, Upon 
 fome otcafiona toas CapeDbntil the i4.of September at the lungs cljarges,to,ith4o.o? jo.fljot 
 attenoing bpon me fo? mp gusrO ano fafttie. 
 
 jTronuljcnrc at length SIVoasconsucteotoitTjalltljingsncceffarptothe pojtofSanta Cruz, 
 being fire DspfSiourncp from Marocco, anotlje place tohcreourdjippesoocommonlp take in 
 their l.ioing.tohere 31 arruieDtlje2i.oftljcfamcmoneth. 3n ttjts po>t 3 flapco 43 .Dapes,anD ac 
 lengtlitbefeeonoof 3i5ouembcr 3! embarquco mp felfe, anooneMarshokReizaCaptaineanDa 
 ©eutlemnn, toljicb tlje vEmperour fent toith nice bpon an 3mbau"agc to her ^ateflie : anp aftec 
 mucli tomient ano fettle toeatber at S>ca,per 315eto-percs cap 3 came on lano at S.Iues in Com. 
 wall, from tofjence pairing bp lano both together bp totoaros London,toe tocre met totthout the 
 
 Citie 
 
I 
 -I 
 
 snteftmciit 
 
 1 18 The Englifti VoyageSjNauigations, Mul.H.hts letters, 
 
 citiewitljtijecljief£flmarcl)3iu?oftl)e3arbaryCompanp,tPcllmouiucDfllIouljojfcbacke,tottie 
 number of 46,0? 5 o. bojfe, ano To the Smbaflaoour ano mp felfe being both in Cccfec, cntreo trje 
 citiebp taubltgijc.DngwnDapat tugljt the 1 2,of January 1 589. 
 
 tffi e es ~vn traflado him yfielmente facado da Vna carta real del tf^ey Muley 
 
 Hamec de Eesy Emperador de Marruecos, cuyo tenor es efte, que Segue, 
 
 On el nombre de 1)ios piadofoy mifericordioJo,(yc.ElJierno de 1)ios foberano,el 
 
 conqms~ladorpcr fa canfa,elfuccej[orenfal^adopor Dios,Ernperador de totAforos, 
 
 hijo del Emperador de los Moros, lariffe, Haceni,el queperpetuefu honra,y enfal- 
 
 ^efu eflado. Sepone efle nueflro real mandado en manos de los criados denueftras 
 
 alt us puertas los mercadores Tnglefes; para que for elfepan todostos que laprefinte 
 
 vieren, comenueflro alto Confeto les anpara con el fauorde Dios de todoaquello, 
 
 que let enpecier<e y dannare en qualquiera manera, quefueren offendidos, y en qualquiera viaie, que 
 
 fueren jiino^nneles captiuaraen eslos nueftres reynos, y puertos,ylugares,queanospertenefcen:yque 
 
 les cub-re elanporo de nueflropodor de qualquiera fatiga;y ningm los impida con mano de enemiflad, 
 
 m fe dartfrcaufa, de que fe agrauien en qualquiera manera con el fauorde Diosyde fuamparo. T 
 
 ntandamos a los Alcaydes de los nueftros puertos y fort ale z.as ,y a los que en ejlos ntteftros reynos tte- 
 
 nen cargo. j a toda lagente commun, que no les alleguen en ninguna manera^ con or denude que [can. 
 
 offendidos en ninguna maneray efto ferd necejfariamente.Que es efcrita en los medios dias de Rebel, 
 
 fegundc anno de nuetse qtgntos,y nouenta y feys. 
 
 Concorda el dia d'cilacarta con veynte dias deMarcodel anno de mil y quinienco yoch- 
 enta y liete, lo qual yo Abdel Rahman el Catan,iiuerprete pet ill Mageftad la que, 
 y romance de verbo ad verbum,como en el fe contiene,y en Fee dello firmo de my 
 nombre j fecho vt fupra. zAbdel Rahman elCatan. 
 
 This is a copy well and truely tranflaced of an edict ofMuleyHa* 
 met king of Fe^jtnd Emperour oitJMaroceo, whofe tenor is as followethrto 
 wit,l hat no Englishmen ihould be moleiled or made flaues in any part ofhis Domi- 
 nionSjobtained by the aforefaid M.Henry %oberts. 
 
 %fr fflt the jSamc of thepitifull ano the mercifull <Soo,(?c. Che fcruant of the fitpjeme 
 1 (Sob, tjje conqueroj in his caufe,the fucceffoj aouanceobp <S5oD,the €mperour of the 
 Moores,the foime of the Cmperour oftt;e Moores, the IarirTe,the Ha£cny,tobofe h0« 
 nour ©on long tncrrafe ano aouancc hip ettate. Chis our pjincelp commanocment 
 is oeliucreo into the hanos of the Englifh marcbants.tohich remaine in tlje pjocection of our Cate< 
 lp palaces: to the enoe that all men tobicb (hall fee this pjefent tojt'ting, map bnoerftano that our 
 pjmcelp counfaile toil oefeno them bp the fauoj of ©oD,from anptbtng tljat map impeach 0? hurt- 
 them in tobat fo>t foeuer chep ihalbe to jongeo : ano that, tobicb tonp foetter thep (ball trauaile.no 
 man (ball take them captiues in ebcfe ottrRt'ngoomes, pojts, ana places tohich belong bntotos?, 
 tohicb alfo map protect ano ocfeno tljem bp our aiuhojitie from anpmoIcCacton tobatfoeuer : anB 
 that no man (hall hint. cr them bp laptng biolent h ano bpon them , ano (hall not gitte occafion that 
 thep map be grieuco in anp fo?t bp tlje fauour ano alTitt ance of <Soo, Slno toe charge ano commano 
 our office 1-3 of our bauens ano fojt refTcs, ano all (tic!) as beare anp atit ho jit it in thefc our Dominie 
 ons.ano Ithctoife all tbe common people,tfjat in notoife thep Do molcCtbem,in fucrj fojtthat tljep 
 be no toap otfc noco oj to jongco. 3no this our commanoement Iball remaine inuiolable,being re s 
 gillreo in the mtooett of the monetb of Rabel in the pecre 996, 
 
 The date of this letter agreeth with the 20.of March 1 587. which I Abdel Rahman el C<t' 
 w»,interpretourforhis Maieftie,haue tranflated and turned out of the Arabian into 
 Spanifh word for word as isconteined therein : and in witnefle thereof hauc fublcri» 
 bed my name as aforefaid. ' 
 
 , syibdel'RahmanelCataH, 
 
 Ennomhre deDios el piadofo piadador. 
 
 Oracion de Diosfobre nueif ro Sennor y Propheta Mahumet, y los allegados d el. 
 
 ~ ' Lferuo de 'Diosj muyguerrero,y cnfalfado por la gratia de THos^Myra Momanyn,hifO 
 
 de Myra Momanyn,nieto de Myra Afomanyn,el Iarif, elHaz,eny, que Dtosfuftengafus 
 
 gjgSgk reynos, y enhalfefiu mandados,para el Sennor tnuy affamadoy muy iUuflrejntuy eflimado, 
 
 ^ el Conde de Ley cefter,deff ties de darlas loores detiidas a Diosylat oractonesy faludes dt- 
 
 ttidas 
 
 SfilttterofMul- 
 
 lyHamccrotfte 
 
 «ErlcofL«- 
 ccflcr. 
 
The Queenes letters. Traffiqiies and Difcoueries. 119 
 
 uidas a le Prophet* Mahumet. Seruird efla por os hazer fairer que lleg'o a qui d nutftrd real Cone 
 vueftra cart a, y entendimos lo que en ellafi contiene. Tvueflro Ambaxador,que aqui eila en nuelfra 
 corte medtodentinderlacaufadelatardan^adelosrehenes hafla agora: tl qual defruento reiebi- 
 mos,y not damospor fattsfechos. T quanta d lo que a nosefcriueyspor caufi de luan Herman y lo 
 mefmo que nos ha. dicho el Ambaxadorfobre el^antes que Hegaffe vueRra carta por la quexa delum- 
 baxador,quefe auia quexado del,ya auiamos mandMo prender lo, yaffi queda aoraprtjo y quedt ra. 
 haft a quefe le hagdla iuflicia que masfe le hade hax^r. Tcon tan to nueftro Sennor os tenga en fu gu- 
 ar dia Hecha en nuejira corte red en tjrlarruecos, que 1)iosfo$7enga, el z S.dias del met de Reino* 
 dan anno $96, 
 
 In theNameofthemerufullandpitifuUGodi 
 
 The biefling ofGod light vpon our lord and prophet Mahumet, and thoie that are obe- 
 dient vnto him. 
 
 j^efcruant oftfSoo both mightte in toarrc anD mtghtilp eraltco bp the grace of 6ou 
 
 MyraMomaftyn^hefonofMyraMomanyn.tbelarir^theHazeni.toljofe&JltgDoms 
 (Sob nuintainc ann aouartce his authojitie:&nto the right fauous,right nobler eight; 
 highlp efteemeo €rle of Leiccfter.after Duep?aifeflgiuen unto <SoD,frmie bletTingsS 
 anofalutations ceuojeD unto the pjophet Mahumet. 'idjefe are togiuepctttoUW>erflatnj,tijat 
 pour letters arrtttcD here in our ropal Court,anb lue toel perceitte the contents thereof, 9no pour 
 Sinbaflaoo? to&icb remaineth here in our Court tolo me chr catife of the HotonetTe of the gages o: 
 p JcDgcs until this time : toljiclj reckoning toe accept of, ano rjoloe our rentes as fatiffieo. 3no as 
 touching the matter tohrcof pou tojite unto hs concerning Iohn Hennan,anB tlje felfe fame corn* 
 plaint tohicb pour ambaflaoo? hath mace of bim.befoje the comming of pour letter, toe hao alrea* 
 opcommaunDCDhim to be taken upon the complaint tohicb pour ambafTaDourbaD mabeofhim, 
 tobc tcupon he fit I rem a met b in holb,am> thai fo continue Unti Ifttrtljer iufftc e be cone upon him a c-- 
 coding to his befert, 9no fo our loju heepe pou in his fafegaro. COrutcn at our ropall court 
 inMarocco,iuhich'So6maintaine,the2o.DapofthemonetbRemodan,Anno|Jo96. imwas 
 
 The Queenes MaieBies letters to the Emperour of Morocco. 
 
 ■ Vy alto, y muy poderofo Sennor, 
 
 zAuiendo entendido de forte de nueflro Agente lamucha afkionyvotontad, que hot r- b «» 
 I teneys,y quanta honra, yfauor le hazeys por amor nueflro,para dar nos tantomaror tefti- imtrs rn tfle 
 Xmoniode'VueUraamiUadjhemosrecebidode lovno yde lo otro muy grande contento,y fa* lem ^' ttout • 
 tisfacion.y affy nopodemos dexar de agradefcerojlojcomo mereceys. Vueflras cartas hemostambien 
 recibido,y con ellas holgadonos inpnttamente,por venir de parte de vn Principe, a quien tenemos tan- 
 ta obligacion, Nueflro Agente nos ha efcripto fibre ciertas cofas , que deffeays fer os embtadas de a- 
 qui: T^aunqtte quenamos poder os en ellopuntnalmente coplazer,comO ptdiz.hafucccdtdo.que lasou- 
 crras,cn queflamos alprefente occupadas,no nos lo confienten deltodo: Hemes pero mandad.o,que le os 
 Jatisfaga en parte, y conforme a lo que por agora la neceffltad nospermtte, como masparticularmente 
 os lo declarard nueftro Agente: efj>erando,que lo rectberreys en buena parte y coforme al animo con 
 que os lo cocedemos. Tporque nos hafido referido,que aueysprometido deproceder cotra vn luan Her- 
 man vajjallo nueflro, (elqualnos hagrauemente ojfendido) de la manera,que os lodemandaremos a- 
 uemos dado or den a nueflro dicho Agente de dez.tr os mas parcularmente lo que dejjeamos fer hecho a 
 eerca defie negocio,rogando os,que lo mandeys afficomplir:y quefeaysfe ruido defauorefcerjiempre al 
 dicho Agente, y tenerlo en buen credito, como baft a agora aueys hecho, fmperm Iter } que nadie os ha- 
 ga mudar deparecer a cerca de las calHmniat,que le podran leuantar,ny dudnr,que no complam osmuy 
 por ■ entero tedo,lo que de nue/lraparte os prometiere. Nueftro Sennor guarde voftra muy alt ay muy 
 poderofa perfina. Hecha ennueflra Corte RealdeGreneppicha20.de/ulto iffy* 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 ) 3!ght high ann mightic prince, Waning tinncrOooD frcm our 9 gent the great affecti* 
 t on ano poo toil tolucl; pou beare bs, ant) hoto great honour ano f ana j pou iiic to him ia% 
 \ ourfafee.to the eno to gitie bs mo?e ample teflimonie of pourfrfeutiihip.toe haue recci* 
 'tteoberp great contentment 9fattffeiction,aftoet of the ontas of thectl;er:anotoithaIt 
 toe coulo not omit to magnifie pou,acco?oingtopout nefert, GS\e haue atfo recriueo vourletcr rs, 
 ano do not a It'tle reiapce thereof, becaufe t hep come from a p?tnce bnto tohom toe are fo much be* 
 holoeu. 2Dur9genthathtojttten tjnto us concerning certatne things toh'cbpouuffireto b ec 
 fenttintopott fromhence. &noalbett toe toiib that toe coulDparticularlpfattffiepou.as pou ot* 
 Orc^ct it is fallen out,that the toatKktofcerin at tljts p jetenc toe be httfieo,toi'. not tuS« bs full? 
 
 t9D0 
 
I 
 
 120 The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations^.^nw/V/tf takgn. 
 
 to doc tlje fame: neuerthe ielTe,toee baue commauubcb to fatif fie pouin part, anb arc o icing as the 
 pjcfcnt ntecfiuie Doetlj permit bs,as( out agent mid Declare tint o pott ino?e parttcuIarlp ; boping 
 p ott to ill recciue it in go oc part,anb accojbing to t tie gooo toill toljer etoith toee graunt the fame. 
 ano becaufe it hat b bene Gpi6eD 'onto toS that pou baue pjomifeb to pjoceeo in iuttice again C one 
 iohn Herman an lohn Herman out fubiect,tobicb Ijatlj gricuoufip offettDcD lis, in fucb fo;t as toee baue fent toojc 
 cnguiii rebel, j^ p0U)toee \ )mt gjuen o?ber to ont fato 9gent to infojme poa mo je particularlp m tbat tohicb 
 toe be fir e to be Done in this bufines , piaping pou alfo to commanti t be fame to be put in erecucion: 
 ano tbat it tooulo pleafe pou altoapes to fauour out faio agent ana to bolo him in gooo etecite.aa 
 pou baue Done bit rjcrto,not fuifertng pour felfe to be tbangeo in pout opinion, fo? all tbe falfe te> 
 po? te tobitb ehep map taife againfl him,nc? to ooubt tb at toee to ill no t accompliu) at large ali tbat 
 be (ball pjoiml'e pou on out bebalfc. Our Lo?d keepe ano p?eferue pout right ir.glj anb migbtie 
 perfon. ftBrittenmour ropall Court at Greenwich the ao.oflulp i $87, 
 
 A voyage to the ./^orw with two pinafes,theone called the Ser- 
 
 pent,znd the other the Mary Sfarke of Plimouth,both of them belonging to 
 
 Sir Walter Ralegh, written by Iobn Euejbam Gentleman, wherein yvere taken ihe go- 
 uernourofthelfleofStf/z/S Mtchael,s.n& Pedro Sarmtcmo gouernourofthe Straits of 
 Magalanesjxi the yecre 1 5 86. 
 
 2g^gp^fl upe io,of3ltrae 1 586. toe beparteb from PlimouthtoitbttoolPmafewheorena* 
 
 • meb tbe Serpent, of tbe butben of ? 5Xunnes, anb tbe other tbe Maiy Spatke of 
 
 1 Plimouth of tbebutthen of 50. -Cuns, botvjoftbcm belonging to fii Walter Ra- 
 
 1 egh knight ; anb Directing our cotrtfe totoaros tbe coafl of Spaine, $ from tbente 
 
 «J totoatbg tbe afles of tbe Azores, toe tooke a fmall barke laben toitrj iSumackc am 
 
 Df*S""a' other conmioDities.tobereintoastbegouetnoutof S.Michaels jiflanb^eingaPortugaljbauinoj 
 
 smfjifoncr. other Portugals ano Spaniards toitbljim. &nb from tljente toe fallen totbeaflanoof Graciofa, 
 
 to tbeSOeitmarboftbe3ftanbofTerccra,tobere toebifttieo a faile, anb bearing toitb ber toee 
 
 founb ber to be a Spaniard: But at tbe firfl not greatlp reflecting tobo toe tookc.fo tbat toe might 
 
 baue enricbeb our telues,toljicb toas tbe taufe of tbis our ttauaile, anb fo? tbat toe tooulb not bee 
 
 knotoen of tobat nation toe toere,toee bifplapebatobiteftlReenfigneinoutmainetoppr.tobit^ 
 
 tbep feeing,maDe at tompt tbat toe hab bene Tome of theking of Spaines Armadas, Iping in toait 
 
 fo ) Englifli men of toat : but tohen toe came toitbm (hot of ber,toe tooke botone our tobite flagge, 
 
 ano fp?eao abjoab tbe Croffe of S. George, tohicb toben tbep fato, it mabe tbem to Hie as fad a* 
 
 tbep might ,bttt all tbeir bade toas inbaine, fo? our ftjippes toere ftoifter of fat le then tbep.tobicfc 
 
 tbep fearing, niJ> p?efentlp cad their o?bin ancc anb fmall (hoc toitb mr np letters, anb tbe o?afc 
 
 oftbe Sraightsof Magelan into the §>ea, ano thereupon immcbi>ulp toe tcoke ber,toberein toee 
 
 nnenratftego* alfotooReagentlemauofSpaine,nameDPedroSarmicnto,gouernouroftbeStraightsofMagc- 
 
 & ra atew«of e ,an » to Wcbfaibe Pedrotoe b?o«gbt into England toitb »s, anb p?efcnteDbiintooutfcucratgne 
 
 Mi"eianraft(°n Labptbefilucene. 
 
 sjiioun. £f tet t yiB, iping offanb about tbe Jflanbs, toee beftrieo another faile, anb bearing after foer, 
 
 toe fpent the maine matte of our aomirall,but pet in the night our (Uiteaoimrall tooke ber,being 
 
 SltMflih taken " aDeB toitb ^ tom Cape Blanke, tbe tobitb ujtppe toee let goe againe fo j toant of men to b^ing 
 
 »ni rei/atea her borne, ^be nert oap toe oifcrieo ttoo otber failcs, tbe one a Qjippe anb the other a CaraueI,to 
 
 agatne. jjjj, om w gaue c b a fe,tobtcb tbep feeing, toitb aH fp« fe mabe in tonwr the Me of Graciofa, to a 
 
 tertaine fo?t there fo? tbeir fuc tour, tobcre tbep came to an anker, anb bauing tbctoinoeofb* 
 
 toe coulb not hurt tbem toitb our Ihips, bu t toe bauing a fmall boat e,tobtcb toe calico a light botfe-- 
 
 man,toberein mp felfe teas, beingaSpufquecer, ano foure mo?e toitha;alitters,anD fouretbat 
 
 rotoeb,came neerebnto tbe (hoie againfl the toinoe,tobicb toben tbep fato tos cometotoatos tbem 
 
 tbepcariebagreatpartoftbeirmarcbanbifeon lanb, tobitber alfo tbe men ofbotbheffelBtoenc 
 
 anb lanbeb,ano as fooneae toe came toithin Cpufquetu;ot,tl)ep began tolbootc at bs toitb great 
 
 ©iteofrhe o?oinanceanbfmallftot,anbtocliketoileatt|em,anbintbeenbetocboo?neDoneujippetobfrein 
 
 ftipe taken, teas no man left , fo toe cut bet cables , bopfeo ber failes, anb fent her atoap toitb ttoo of our men, 
 
 tSSbvpa** anD tnc otl,er 7«°f bs paffeo mo?e neere nnto tbe thoare, anb boojoeb the Garautl, tebicb otb rtbe 
 
 fans. ' toicbia a Qonee cat! from tbe ujoare,ano fo neere the Iano tbat tbe people lib caS Hones at bs.but 
 
 mt c«auei a P et ' n fefp'gbt of them all toe tooke ber, anb one onelp Negro therein j anb cutting ber cables in 
 
 taken. the batofie toe bopfeb bet failes, anb beingbecalmeb bnber tbe lanb, toe torre conflraineb to rotoe 
 
 her out toitb out boatc,tbe#o?t Sill (booting at bs,ano tbe people on lano toitb 3@ufqucts anb ca« 
 
 liuers to the number of 1 5 0,0? thereabout : ano toe anftorreb tbem toitb tbe fmall fo?cc toee Ijab; 
 
 3n the time of to&icb, our (hooting , tbe (hot of mp S^ufquet being a crolTebarre-ujot bappeneoto 
 
 fltike 
 
Sirbrancis Ttraltg. Traffiques and Difcoueries. m 
 
 tfitkc ttje gunner oft^e fojt to Deatlj,eurn as be toas gluing leucll to one of Ijis great pieces, ano 
 thus toe partco from tbemtoitljoutanploffeojijurt on our ftce. anonoui,bauingtaRentbcfefuie 
 failesof ujippcs.roc Die as before, turne atoap the ujippe toitlj the fifb , Uitcfjocit Ijureing tljem, auo 
 from one of ttje otljcr fbtppes toee toofte ber maine Spade to feme ouraomirals turne, aw fa 
 fent ber atoap putting into bcr all tlje Spaniards ann Portugals 5 ( failing that gentleman Pedro ■zwcpuks 
 Sarmiento,toitbtb?ee otljer of tlje principal men anD ttoo Negroes) leaning tljem alltoitbm fight fc,u !)OI " e • 
 of lant>,to!t(jb?eaDauDtoater Efficient fo^io.oapes if ncctietoere. 
 
 Cljtts fetting our courfe foj England, being off tlje aflanosiutbe !jeig{jtof4i,t>egre£8,o? 
 trjerc about,one of our men being in tlje toppebifcrieo afatlc,tljeit lo.faile, tljcn i y.tobeieupou 
 tt tons concluncc to fenbe borne trjofe p?ijes toebaD,aui> fo left in bothour pinaffes not aboue 60. k\bo c a- 
 men. Wjus wee retutneo againe to tbe fleet* toee haDtiifcrieo,tohere luce fcunu 24.fs:(eof Jo^/VmS 
 ujippes, ruhercof ttoo of ttjem mere Caiacks, tfje one of r 2oo,ann tlje other of a 1 ooo.tutmrs, lijTps. 12 ' " w 
 aiiDio.Galions.tbercttroerefmall fbtppes anoCarauels aillaDen toith3[;reafiire,fp:ccs,aiui 
 fugars,toitb toljiclj 24,ujippes toe toitlj ttoo fmall HDtuaffes did 8gljt,a no kept company tlje fpace 
 of ^ 2.ijDurcs : continuallp fighting toitb tbem nun tljep toitb bsJ, but tlje ttoo Caracks kept Gill be= 
 ttoirt tlje jFlecteanobSjtbattoeecoula not take anp one of tljem.fotoantingpotoDt^tocctocre 
 fozceo to gtue tljem ouer againtt our toilless , fo? tljat tore tocre all tobollp bent to tlje gaining of 
 fomc oitbem,but necefftie compelling bs,anti that onelp fo? toant of potooer.toitljout loffc of mip 
 of our mcn,(tofcicb toas atljing to betoonoereD at conGoering tljeineqttalttie of numbcr)at length 
 tbe giutc tljem ouer. ■'©bus toe againe fet our courfefo? England,anD fo came to Plimout h tottlj' m*c 2.pma(ft» 
 m6jjouresafterourp?t?es,toljichtocfentatoap4o,houreBbcfo?ebs,toljcretocetoerercceiueD ^"J" 1 ] 104 
 toitb triumphant top, not onelp toitlj great ©finance then f&oc off, but toitlj tije toilling hearts of " s m ' 
 all tlje people of the ©otone,ant>oftbe£ountrep thereabout; ano toenocfparingourSDjomance 
 (toitlj the potooer toec hao left) to requite ana anftoere tljemagainc, Sno from tijencc tore 
 brought our pjtjCS to Southampton, tohereUc Walcer Ralegh beingour 0tuncr,retU2ttiCDl>3 
 toitb our wares, 
 
 ©urpji^estoerelaDentoithfugars.iglephantsiteetlj, toajrejrjtDeg^ice, bjafiIi,atrtiCufer,a!S 
 
 Bp tlje tefiimonie of IohnEuefhambtmfelfe,CaptaineWhiddon, Thomas Rainford,Beniamin 
 Wood,William Cooper Staffer, William Cornifh Smaller, Thomas Drake CojpOjali,Iohn' > 
 Ladd gunner, William Warefield gunner, Richard Moonc, lohn Drew, Richard Cooper of 
 Harwich, VVilhamBearcsofRatclirre,IohnRow of Saltafli,anbmanpotljers;,mapappeare. 
 
 A briefe relation of the notable ieruice performed by Sir Francis 
 Drake vpon the Span/JJi Fleete prepared in the Road of Cadi^j and of his 
 
 deltioyingofioo. iaile of barks ; Palling from thence all along the coali to CapeSa- 
 cre,whexe alio hee tooke ccrtaine Forts : and fo to the mouth of the Riuer o(Ltjbon % 
 and thence eroding ouer to thelfle of Savt Alichaef, tupprized a mighty Carack cal- 
 led the Sant Philip comming out of the Ealt India, which was the firlt of that kinde 
 that euer was leene in England: Performed in the yeere 1587. 
 
 €r spatefltte being info?men of a mtghtte preparation bp &ca begunne in 
 Spainefo?tljeinuaftonofEngland,bpgooCaDuifeofbergraueantipjuDcati 
 Counfell thought it erpeoient to pjeuent tlje fame, thereupon fije caufeo 
 af lecteoffonic jo.fatles to be riggeo ano ftinuffjco laitljall tfjings nccef= 
 farp. ©tier that JFIectefbeappointeBtBencrallftrFrancis Drake (of toljofe 
 manifolD former goob feruiees uje bao fufficicnt p?oofe) to toljom flje caufea 
 4.ujips of IjerjQauie ropall to be Deliuereo,to toit,CljeBonauenture toherc* 
 in Ijimfelfe toent as ©eneral;tlje Lion unaer tlje ronouct of Smaller William Borough Control 
 
 ler of tlje j^auie; tlje Dread-nought bllbei' tlje COmmailll Of £® , Thomas VennerjailO tlje Raine- 
 
 bow,captaine toljereof toas sp.Henry Bellingham: bntotoljiclj4 iljips ttooof her piiiaffestoere 
 appointeoasljauD-maiDis, ^DljeretoerealfoaoiieBbntotljiSjTleetcertaiiictallfljipsoftljeGitie 
 ofLondon,oftoljofe efpeciall goooferutcetlje(6eneraUmaDeparticular mention in bis pjiuate 
 tetters uirecteo to bet S^aieiSic, i£bts jf leetefetfailefrom tlje font© of Phmouth in tljcuto' 
 netlj of 3pjtil totoaros tlje coaft of Spaine. 
 Z\)t 1 6. of tljefaiomonetlj toe mettc in tljelatituue of4o»negrees toitlj ttoo Gjipsof Middle- 
 
 borougl^tobicbcamcfromCadizjbptoljicIjtoebnDerttoootbatthctetoasgreatllcjcoftoariifte 
 pjotiiflon at Cadiz j thereabout reatrp to come fo? Lisbon, iapon tljis infomiation our ©cnerall 
 
 toitlj alfpceopoulble.benDingljtmftlfetbitljer to cut offtljeir fain fojees ana p?oiufions,to;on tlje 
 i9.of apjtl encereDtoit!) gig ^leet intone 5parbo?of Cadizttohere acourfirtTentringtoetoere 
 
 Lll aSailecf 
 
122 The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, l S'/r Francis T)rakg. 
 
 
 affaiieo ouer agamtt the Cotone bp fire ©allies, tobich nottoitbttanoing in fijo?t time rctireb bn* 
 oer their fojtrefle. 
 
 -SLljerc toere in tlje &oao 6o,ujips ano oiuers other fmall beflels totter the fo jtreQe : tljcrc fleo 
 about 2 o.French ftjips to Port Real, anD fome fmall Spaniih vjcffelst^ac migbtpafle tlje fijoloes, 
 3t out firtt coming in toe- funke toitb out (hot a (hip of Raguza of a i ooo,tunnes,furniftjeo toitb 
 40.pieces of b?afl"e anD berp ticljlp Iaoen. 'Cbetc came ttoo ©allies mo?e from S.Mary port,ano 
 ttoo from Porto Reale.tobicb (hot fteelp at bs,but altogether in baine ; fo? tbep toent atoap toitb, 
 tlje blows tall beaten fo? tljeir paines. 
 
 15efo?e night toe bao taken 3 o.oftbc faio (hips, ? became Spatters of the Koao,in oefpt'ght of 
 tlje ©allies,tobicb toere glao to retire them inner tbe.ffo?t: in the number of tobicbujips there 
 toas one neto fljip of an ertrao?oinarp bttgenefie in burthen aboue 1 2oo,tunnes,bclongingto tlje 
 Qjarqttefle of Santa Cruz being at that inflant high Slbmiral of Spaine. tfiut of them toere great 
 fijips of Biskay,tobereof4.toefireo ) as tbep toere taking in tbe Kings p?ouifion of btctuals fo? the 
 fumttbing of bis fleet at Lisbon : tlje fift being a fijip about 1 ooo.tunnes in bttrtbcn.laocn toitb 
 3lroii-rptkes,naiies,p?cn ljoopes,ho?fe-ftjooca,anD other like necetfaries bouno fo? tlje KHettln- 
 dies toe fireo inltke maner. 3lfo toe tooke a fijip of 250.tunnes laocn toitb toines fo? tlje Kings 
 p?ouifion,tobicljtoee carieo out to tbe &catoitljbs, ano there Difchargeo the Cam toines fo? our 
 otonc ft o?e,ano aftertoaro fet Ijer on fire. S^o?eouer toe tsoke 3 .Flyboats of 3 oo,tunne*a piece 
 laocn toitb bifcuit.tobereof one toas balfe bnlaoen bp bs in tbe 6patbo?oto ) nnD tljerc fircD, ano tlje 
 other two toe tooke in our companp to tbe <§>ea. liketotfe there toere fireti bp bs ten other ujipss 
 toijtcb toere laoen totth toine.ratfinSjfigs^ileSjtoljeat.f fucb like. t!La concluoe,tbe tobole num« 
 her of ftjips ano barkes (as toe fttppofe) tben burnt,funcke,ano b?oughtatoap toithbs, amotmteo 
 to 3 o.at tlje lea(I,being(in our ittogement)about 1 oooo.tunnes of ujipping, 
 
 'Ebere'toere in fight of bs at Porto Real about 4o.fljips,beGbes thoCe that fleo from Cadiz. 
 
 (Kite founo little eafe outing our aboab there ,bp reafon of tljeir continuall (booting from tlje 
 ©allies,tbe fo?treu"cs,ano from the (boare : toberc contintiallp at places conuenient tljep planteo 
 neto o?binancc to offenbbs toitb tbefibes tlje inconueniencetoljichtoeefuffereo from tljctr ftjips, 
 toljtcb.tobenthepcoulooefenDno longer, tljep feton fire to come among bs. thereupon toben 
 the floob came toee toere not a little troubleD to ocfeno ds from their terrible fire, tohicb neuerthe* 
 lefle toas a pleafant fight fo? be to beboloe,bccaufe toe toere tberebp eafta of a great Iabour,tobtcr; 
 lap bpon bs bap anb nlgljt, in Difcharging the bictuals, ano otljrr p?ouifions of tbe enemie. 'SPbus 
 bp tbe afliftanc c of the Slmigbtie, ano tlje inuincible courage anb tnoufltie of our ©enerall,tbiiS 
 Orange ano bappp cntei p?i?e toas atcljieueb in one bap anb ttoo nights, to the great afioniujment 
 of the Kino; of Spaine .torjtclj b?eao fuclj a co?rafiue in tlje Ijeartof tlje Sparquesof Santa Cruz 
 high Stomfral of Spaine.tljat Ije ncuer emopeo gooo bap after, but toitljin fttoe monettjs ( as map 
 ittftip be fuppofeo)oieo of ertreame griefe ano fo?roto. 
 
 %{^m batting pcrfo?meo this notable fertiice ,toe came out of tlje Hoab of Cadiz ontlje jfrf= 
 bap mo?ningtlje 2i,of tlje faio monetbofap?ii,toitljbcrpfmalUofle not too?tb tbe mentioning. 
 
 9fter our beparture ten oftlje (Sallies tljat toere in the Koao came out, as tttoereinoifoaine 
 of lsSjto make fome pafiime toitb their o?Qinance,at toljtcrj time the toinb f kanteo bpon bs,tobere<= 
 upon toe caQ about againe, ano Good in totth tbe ujoare, 9 came to an anker toitljin a league of the 
 totonc ; torjere tbe faio <6allics,fo? all tljeir fo?mer b?agging,at lengtb fuffreo bs to rice qttietlp. 
 
 Wit noto haue hao erpertence of ©allp-figbt; toberein 31 can afTure pott, tljat onelp tbefe 4.of 
 ber^atefties ftjips toill make no accompt of 2o.®flilies,iftbepmapbealonc,anonot bufico to 
 guarootbers. 'Sljere toere neuer ©allies tljat IjaD better place ano fitter oppo?tunttie fo? their 
 aouantage to fight totth ujips ' but thep toere Hill fo?ceo to retire, toee rt'oing in a narroto gut,the 
 place pceloing no better,ano jiucn to maintaine tlje fame, but ill toee Ijab btfcbargeo anb fireo the 
 fljtppcs,tobtcb cotilo not conuenient Ip be bone but bpon the flooo,at toljtchtime tljep migljto?iue 
 cleare offbs. %\w bcingbictttaleo toitb b?eao ano totne at tlje enemies cod fo? outers moncths 
 (befiocs tlje p?ouifions that toe brought from home) our ©enerall otfpatcbeo Captaine CroiTein* 
 to England toitlj his letters,giuinghim further in charge to oeclare bnto ber 9paiettie all the pat* 
 ttcularities of tljis ourfirtt enterp?i?e. 
 
 9fter teljofe Departure toee ujapeo our courfe totoaro Cape Sacre, ano in the toap tljither toee 
 tooke at fcuerall times of ftjips, barkes,anb Carauc Is toell necre an bunb?eb,laben toitb boopes, 
 gallp-oares,pipe-traues,f otljerp?ouifions of the king of Spaine,fo?thefHrnifljing of bis fo?ces 
 intenbeo againfl England,al tobich toebttrneD,bauing oelt fauo?ablp toitb the men ano Cent tljem 
 on ftjoare. ffilte alfo fpoileo ano coTumeo all tlje fiftjer-boats ano nets tljereabouts.to trjctirgreat 
 htnoerance; ano(as toe fuppofe) to tbebtter ouerth?oto of the rich fiftjing of tljeir funics fo? tlje 
 fame pere, 9t lengtjj toe came to the afo?efaio Cape S acr e, tohere toe toent on Iano; ano tlje bet ^ 
 
 tec 
 
Sir trancis^Drake, TraffiquesandDifcouenes. • 123 
 
 tertoemoptbe benefiteoftbe place, ano to rtoembarbojote at ourpleafure, teeatYatUD the Ionic 
 ca8le,ano th?ee otber flrtmg holDs,tebich toe tookc fome lip fo?ce ano feme bp furrencer. 
 
 Chence tue cum befojc the hauen of Lisbon ankeringnere onto Cafcais,toherc tlje 3j9arqtics 
 of Sann Cruz teas teith his (Dallies, toho feeing us ctjafe his ftjips a ujoarc# take ano carp fciaap 
 Ijts barks ano Carauels, teas content tofufferos there quictlp to tarp.ano Ukctotfe tooepart,anc 
 neuer cbargco ustotth one (Canon-fliot. &no teben our vSencrall fent him teojoc that bee teas 
 tljere rcaop to ercbangc ccrtaine bullets tettlj bim,the marques rcfufco Ins cbalenge .fencing hint 
 toojo, that he teas not then reaop fo j htm, no? baa nnv fuel) SCommtluonfrom his SKing, 
 
 ©ttr ©cncrall ttjus refufeo bp the Sparqucs, ano fectnrr no moie gooo to be Done in this place, 
 thought it coutteiricnc to fpe no no longer time upon this coat! : ano therefore tettlj conlent oftlje 
 chiefc of his Companp he fljapec bis cottrfe totearo the 31fles of the A^ores,ano palling totoaros 
 the Jfle of Saint Michael, tetthtn 20,0? 3 o.leagues thereof, it teas his gooo fortune tomecte 
 teith aPortugale Carak calleo Sant Philip, being the fame Qjtppe tehich in the bopage outtoato ^ e ^^j 
 baocarico tbe 3,p?ittrcs of Iapan, tljat teere in Europe, into the Indies. ChisCaraktetthout r«iirt>tb£s>ne 
 anp great refinance bee fooke,bcfloteingtbe people thereof in ccrtaine bclTclstoellfiiruitbeo Ph:li P ta i«n> 
 toitb V)ictuals,anD fencing them courtcouflp home into their Countrep: ano this teas the fitfi €&- 
 rak that cucr teas taken commtng foo?th of the €att Indies ;tobich tlje Poitugals tookc fo? an 
 euil figne.becaufc the fljip bare the JSings otene name, 
 
 ©benches of this p?t5cfccmeo fo great Unto the tehoIcCompanp (asintruethittoasjthae 
 thep alTureo tbemfeiues eucrp man to haue a fufficient retoaro fo? bis trauel : ano thereupon tljep 
 all refolueo to returne home fo? England : tehich tbep happtlp oio, ano arriueo in Plimouth the 
 fame ^ommcrteitbtheirteholctfleete ano this rich bootp, to their otoneptefice ami cue com* 
 menoation, anb to the great acmt ration of tbe tobole kingoome. 
 
 3no he re bp the te ap it is to be noteD , that the taking of this Carak tejought ttoo ertiao?oinarp 
 effects in England : firft, tljat it taught others , that <£aracks teere no fuch bugs but that tljep 
 might be taken (as fince inoeeo it hath fallen out tri tlje taking of the M adre de Dios.ano fp?eing 
 ano linking of others ) anb fcconolp in acquainting the Englifh Ration mo?e gcnerallp teith the 
 particularities of the crceeotng riches ano toealth of the CEaC Indies : teherebp tljemfrlues ana 
 their neighbours of Holland haue bene incourageo, being men as f kilfull in jI2autgation ano of 
 no lefle courage then the Porcugals to ujare teith them in tfoe€aaindies,tebere their Qrengtbis 
 notljing fo great as beretofo jc hath bene fttppofco. 
 
 A Patent granted to certaine Marchants o£ Exeter, and others of 
 
 the Weft parts,and oi London fox a trade to the Riuer of Senega and Gam- 
 bra in Cjuinea, is^S. 
 
 Llizabeth bp tbe grate Of <Sot> Siueene Of England, France aitD Ireland, oe* 
 
 fenoer of the fattier/Co our Creator ano aomirallof Engiand,out Crea* 
 fitter ano TBatons of our Crcbcqtter,ano all ano eucrp our £DtTtcerg,nitml!eriS 
 ana Qtbicccs teljatfoetter , greeting. ffiUfjereas our teelbeloueofubiects Wil- 
 liam Braylcy.Gilbert Smich.Nicolas Spicer,anO Iohn Doricot of our Cttp of 
 
 ExetermarchantSjIohnYongofColitoninourcountpofDeuon marchsnt, 
 
 Richard Doderige of Barneftable in Ottr fat'De Countteof Dcuon Sparchant, Anthonie Daflell, 
 ano Nicolas Turner of our Citte of London Sparcbants.baue bene pcrfteaoeo ano earnefilp mo« 
 ueobp ccrtaine Portugalsrefiocnttoithtn our Dominions, tounbertakcanofctfo^toaroabop* 
 age to certaine places on the coafi ofGuinea : Videlicet, from the |3o?thermofl part of the Ktuec 
 cemmonlp calleo bp the name of the Riuer of Senega, ano from ano teitljiti tljat Sitterall along 
 that caaftUnto the §>outhermofl part of another atucr commonlp calico bp the name of Gam- 
 bra,an6tetthinthatH}iuer:teljich,astoearctnfo?meo,tbep haue alreaop once perfo?ineoacco^' f r ° m "^ 
 t)tnglp:9nDfo?thatteearecreDiblpgtuentobnocrQatiotbatttjcfurtherp?ofecutingofiljefame i " t> im * 
 bopagc,mto tlje Due ano o?oerlp cttabltnjing of an ojoerlp trafique ano trace of marcljanoi^einto 
 tbofe Countrets,teilnot onlp in time be tierp beneficial to thefe our Ecalmcs ano Domin:on3,buc 
 alfo be a great furcour ano reltefe unto the p jefent oiarelfeo eflate of thofe Portugals,tebo bp our 
 j) jincelp fattoi;r litie ano continue hereDnoer our protection: 3no cofioering tljat the aouenturttig 
 ano enterpjifing of a netoe trace cannot be a matter of fmall cljarge ano ha?aro to tlje acuentu= 
 rers in the begtnningttoe haue tbcrefo?e tbougljt it conucment,thnt our faio louing fnbtects Wil- 
 liam Braylc y,Gilbert Sniich,Nicholas Spicer, Iohn Doricot, Iohn Yong, Richard Doderige, 
 Anthonie DaiTell, ano Nicholas Turner ,fo? the better incouragcment topjocceoc in their faioe 
 souenturc ano trace in fyc faio Cotmtrets,ujalbaue tlje folc bfe ano cjccrcife thereof foj a certaine 
 
 Lll 2 time. 
 
 1 
 
n<\. The EnglifhVoyageSjNauigations,^ patent jorbenega, 
 
 time. 3in conftoeratton n)ljereof,ano fo? otbcr uiaigljtie u afons ano couuoerfuions i»s fye ciallp 
 mooiiincf.of our fpeciall grace,certaine huotolengc and metre motiou.toc hauc gtucnanc gratm- 
 t£t>,ano Up tbefe pjefents foj us, our bcires auD fuccelfojs ooe giue aiiograuiitoiito tlje fate Wil- 
 liam Brayley .Gilbert Smith, Nicholas Spicer, Iohn Doricot,Iohn Young,Richard Doderide, 
 Anthony Daffcll anO Nicholas Turner, ano to eilCCP of tljf 5tl, anO to fuclj OtljCC OUC sS>UbiCCtS AS 
 
 tljep o? tlje mod part of them (hall tljinkc comiemcnt to recetue into tbeir Companp arm focictp.to 
 lie the tracers toitb them into the to Countreis, thattbep ano cuerp of tbem bpthemfelues o; up 
 tbeir feruantsoj iTactojs ano none others, ujall ano map fo? arm Duringtlje full fpace ano terme 
 of tennepceresi nert cnuting tbeoate 8f tljefe p?efentg,haue ano eniop ttje free ano bihole trafiquc, 
 traoe ano feat of marcbanotfe.to ano from the fato jj5o?tbcrmoft part of the to Eiuer,commonip 
 calleD bp the name of tbe Eiuerof Senega : ano from ano untbin tbat Eittcr all along tbe toall of 
 Cuinea.bnto tbe ^outljermofi part of tbe fato Eiuer, tommonip calico bp tlje name of tbe Eiuec 
 of Gambra, anD UJitytn tbat Eiuer alfo.SnD tbat tljep tbe to William Brayley .Gilbert Smith, 
 Nicholas Spiccr,IohnDoricoc,IohnYong, Richard Doderige, Anthony Dadel anD Nicholas 
 
 Turner,? cuerp of them,bp fhemfelucs o } bp their feruants o j jfactojg, at web as tbep o? tbe mod 
 pare of tbem ujall rccciue into tbeir Companp ano focietie , to be tracers toitb them into tbe fapo 
 €auntrcis(as is afojefaio)ano none otljers.ujall ano m<tp,foj,ano During tlje to fpace ano terme 
 of i o.peres,baue ano eniop tbe fole ? wljole trafiqiie oj trace of marcbanoi ?e into ano from tbe fain 
 places afo?e limitteo ano oefcribeo, fo? tbe buping j felling, bartering ano changing of ano Uritb 
 anp gooos.toares, ano marcljancijes tohatfoeuer , to be benteo bao ojfotmo, at o? toitljin anp the 
 citieB,totones,o? places fituateo ojbeingin tbe countries, parts gtcoattes of Guinea before limic- 
 teo.anp lato.flatut e,o? graunt,matter,cuu*ome oj p?tuileges to tlje contrarp in anp Wife nottoitlj* 
 ttanoing. ano foj tbe better o?oertng,evtabliujing,f gouerningof tbe to focietie ano Companp 
 in tlje faio trace ano trafique of marcbanoi?cs, $ tbe quiet, ojoerlp $ latof ull ercrcife of tbe fame, 
 £3Je fo?bS,ourbeires,aiiDfucceu'cn.8 ) oo bp tbefe p?efents giue anograunt full licenfc anoautho* 
 
 rittebnto tlje faiD William Brayley ,GilbertSmith,NicholasSpicer,IohnDoricot,IohnYong, 
 Richard Doderigc.AnthonieDaifell.anD Nicholas Turner, ano tofucbothers asthepftjallre' 
 ceiue into their faioe focietie ano companp to be tracers into tlje faio countrei&as ig afo?eto,ano 
 toeuerp oftbem, that tbep oj the moffpart of tbem foall ano map at allconuenient times at there 
 pleafures,affemble anomcete togettjer in anp place t>} places conuenient,afniell Within our citie * 
 of Exeter, as elfewbere Within this our Eealme of England, ojotherourDominions,Duringthe 
 fato terme often peere, to confult of, fo?, ano concerning tlje faioe traDe ano trafique of marcbau* 
 Bi?e,anD from time to time to mafee, ojoaine, anD ftablitb gooo, neceffarp,ano reasonable ojiets, 
 contritutums.ano oioinancest,fo? ) ano couching tbe fame trace. 9no al fuclj ojcers.conBttuttons, 
 ano o finances fo to be maCe,to put in b?e ano crecute,ano tbem, oj anp of tbem.to alter.change, 
 ano make bopcano.if neeoe he, to mane neto,ais at anp time , During tlje faio terme often peeres, 
 to tbem, 0} the mottpart of tbem then tracings isafojefaioe,ujall be thought neceflnrp anccon= 
 uenicnt. (Unto all ano eutrp tobiclj faioo?oers, conttitution$,ano ojotnances,tbep,ano euerp of 
 tljem, ano allotber pctfona totjtcb ftjallbereafterbe receiueo into tbe faioe focietie ano Companp, 
 ujall fubmit tljcmfelues,ano ujall well ano ouelp obferue,perfo?me, ano obep tbe famc.fo long a« 
 tbep ^jalt fiano in fo?ce,o? elfe fballpap anD incurre fucbfejfettuce^patneiSjanD penaltieg.fo? tbe 
 fyeadj tljcteof ,ano in fuclj manet ano fo?me,ano to fuclj bfes fj tntent0,ais bp tlje faioe o?Ders,con» 
 Qi:uticn?,ano o joinancts ujall be atTevTco, limitteo ano appointee, S>o aluiapeg,as tlje fame o j-- 
 oer3,con(ittution3anDo?oinances,be notrepupant o? contrarp to tlje latocai,ttatute0,anocu* 
 flomeis oftljts Eealme of England, noj anppenaltieto erceeoe tlje reafonablefomie of other pe^ 
 naltits,alfetreo b^> tbe Companp of our eparc^ants, nameo Aduenturers. Sno to the intent tijat 
 theponelp.to tobonitbefatopoloeranalibenieoftrafiqueanD trace ofmarcbanoi^eiggraumeo 
 bp iljefe our letters patents afojefaio, ano noneotljers tobatfoeucr,HJitbout tbeir fpeciall confent 
 ano licenfe before bao,iball,During tbe faio terme often peeres,bfe,oj Ijaue trace o } trafiquctoit^ 
 o i fo? anp maner of gooes o? »narcljanoi'5es,to ano from tlje faioe coaftes o? parts of Guinea afeje 
 limitec : ll\ee ooe bp tbefe p jefents, bp our ropall ano fup^eme autfjo^itie, flratgljtlp charge ann 
 rommauno, that noperfon, o? perfons uiljatfoeuer,bp tbemfeiueSjOi bp tljctr facto?s,o ? fentanto, 
 During tlje fato terme of i o,pere6,ujall in anp wife trace ojtrafrque/o? ojtoithanp gooos o? mar« 
 cljanoif es,to o) from tbe faio coatts anc parts of Guinea afo?e limitteo, other tben tlje faio Willi- 
 am Brayley .Gilbert Smith, Nicholas Spicer, Iohn Doricot, Iohn Yong, Richard Doderige, 
 Anthony Daflell, ano Nicholas Turner , ano fuclj as from time to time, tbep, o} tbe mott part of 
 tljem,ftjall recetue into tljeir focietie o?companp,to be tracers toitljtljcm, asisafo?eto,astljep 
 tenoet our fauour,anc toill attopDe owbigh Difpleafure.ano bpon paineof impnfonment of bis o? 
 tfjeir bootes 3 ac out ttill ano plcafurt , .ino to lofe ano fojfett tlje Ibip o? fbippes.ano all the gooes, 
 
 wares, 
 
A patent for Senega. TrafiiouesandDiicouenes. 12,5 
 
 tuares,ano marcbanoijeSjVuljcrerimij tljep.o? atxpoftljctn ml, During the faio tame tt 1 crcres, 
 ttaoe.o? trafique to o? from the fs;D Countries, cj any pact thereof, accojomg to ti;c limitation a= 
 bone meiuiomDjConCcarp to our crpjeffe prohibition anDrcftraint,in tijat biljalfc. 3ud further, 
 toe 00 bp tijefepjefcuts gitie anD graunt fill power ano autbontie to tt»c (bid William Braiiy,Gil- 
 bertSmith,NicholasSpicer, Iohn Doricoc, Iohn Yong, Richard Dodenge, Anthony Dalfell, 
 anD Nicholas Turner,a«o to fuclj other ycrCons 3 as tliep ujal rccciue ituo their fcetette aflo tompa= 
 np,to be tracers tuitlj t'jcm.as is afojelato,ano the snoitpari of tljem to.: the time being: tijat tljep, 
 anocuerp of them, bp tljemfelues, tijeic facco^Of puues, oj affignes, tbfllIanDmap,from Lime to 
 t(me,Dtiring tije fato rermc of i o.peves.attat Barrett, tafce,anti feafe all,ano all maner of ujfp,ano 
 ibips,gooos, tuares,ano marcijanoi?es tobatfocuer, mhictj fljall be bjotijyijc from, oj carieo to tlje 
 faiDeoaftsanDpartsofGLiincaafojelimiteDjComrarptooiirtotllairopiearui'e^nLnijctuieiJU'i 1 .' 
 ning of the fame.Declareo anD erpjelfco in tbefeour letters patents, ©fall ano eticrp which fata 
 fo?fatturcsiubatfoeiicr,tvje one ttjtrb part (ball be buto bs, our bcire^ano fticce ffojs, ano another 
 tljtrocpart thereof Wcguieanograuntbptljefepjiefents, fo;unototearD2t&>rcutfe tf the faiac 
 Porcugals continuing here bnoer oiirpjotection.as is afoicfaiD.anc the other cbiro part of ai tlje 
 famefe?fattures,U)coobpth£fep?cfents,ofourcerta;neUnotoIco(reanDniceren:ct;onfo?i)s,out' 
 foeiccs ano fucceuo;!8,g'ue::no grant clcerclp ano Wbolpbnto the fato William Bray ley, Gilberc 
 Smith.NichoUsSpicerJohr.DoricoclohiiYongjRichardDodc-rige, Anthony Daflel,auD Ni- 
 cholas Turner, ano fuelj otijet petfons, as tljep [ball rcceiuemro t ; -,etr focie ttr s ano rompaup.i.s is 
 aftnefaio. Sine tbcte our letters patents, o? the inrolnicnt o? exemplification of t(je fame, Without 
 anp furtlj?ro? other warrant, (ball from time to timc,ottnngtbcfraotenneprcrcs,beafuif;ctent 
 toarrant ano autbontie to our S-rcafuret of England, foj tlje time being,ano to tlje barons of ouc 
 <S&ccf)equer,anD to allotber our oncers ana mintfters wbatfcetu r to Whom it (ball o) map appcr* 
 taine,toalioW,tJcliuer,ano pap one tljirac part of all tlje falo fojfeiturea,to the cfe of the faio Por- 
 tuga!s,ano one other tljiroe part of the lame forfeitures, to the fnice William Brayley, Gilbert 
 SmithjNicholas Spicer, Iohn Doricot, Iohn Yong,Rkhard Doderige, Anthony Daflell, alio 
 Nicholas Tumer 3 anc fuclj otljcrpe:(bns,as tljep ujallrecetue into their fecietic ano Companp.to 
 be traocrS lust!, tljem,as afo jefaioe,to their oWne p joper bfe anD beljoofe : Uiljiclj faio anoyances 
 ano paiments tljereof 3 out will ano plcafurc is, ano rue bo Gcatghtlp charge ano commano,to bee 
 from time to time ouelp mace ano perfo?meo acco?oinp;lp,toithout anp cclap o? ocnial of anp out 
 officers afojefaio,o? anp other ourofficers 0} minifiers w(jatfoeuer.9no we Do ftraigljtlp charge 
 ano comoianO,anO bp thefc pjefentsprobibite all ano ftngttlar ourcultomers 3 collcctojs 3 ano far* 
 wersof our Cttf omes ano Cubtiotcs.anD controllers of the fame,of ano Within cur ports of tlje ci« 
 iieofLondon,anotlje£itieof Exeter.annajH other pojts,creefecs, ano places, within this cue 
 Kcalme of England, anDetterpef them, ano all other ourofficers emcmiiuilcrs wljatfoeuer, 
 tobiebbaue 0? Iball ha«c anp oealing c; intermcolina;, tottcljino; cur fst'o CuUomcs ano fubfioics, 
 that thcp,ne anp of them bp themfelucs.their clearks 3 Dtputies,o? fubllituteSjO? anp of them take 
 0? receiur,o j in anp roife caufc c} furTer to be taken o? receiueo io} bs,c? tn our name,o? to our bfe 8 
 oj fo),o} in tlje names oj to tljcbfes of our ijctrcs of. fucceffo?s, of anp pcrfon, c?perfons,£ng 
 fummeo? fumines of monet>,o? other tljings vobatfoeuecourtngtlje faio terme often peeres/o?, 
 O) in the name, licu.o? place of anp Cullome, futifioie,o? otljer thincr oj cuetie,to C9,our fjeires,o j 
 fucceffojs.oue.oj to be cuc,fo? tlje Cuflomes o? fubfioies of anp fuclj gjcoos,toarcs,o? marchanOi-= 
 ?es 5 to be tranfpo^ttc, carieo,o? brought to o? from tlje pjtuilegeD places, before in tbcfe p jefents 
 tnentioneCjO? anp of them: noj make,no? caufeto be maoeanp entrpinto ,o? of the boofces of fub= 
 Botes 0? cttltomes, n:q maUc anp agreement foj the Cuflomes of ftibfiotes,of,o? fo? anp gooes, 
 toares^marcljanotjes tobeefemto,o?rettirneofromanpthepmiilegeoplaces,befo?cinchefe 
 p?efents ntent'.oneo, fatting onelp wit lj, ano in the name, ano bp the confcitt of the faice Wiiliam 
 BrayIey,Gilbcrt Smith, Nicholas Spicer,IohnDoricot, Iohn Yong, Richard Doderige,Anto- 
 nie Daffel.anO Nicholas Turner, oj of fome of tljem, 0) of fucb as tljep 0} the mofl part of tljent 
 tbaU reccittc into their focietie ano £on)panp,as afbjefaic. iJDjouicco atoaies.tljat tf at anp time 
 hereafter, tue ouc felucs, bp our tojitingtigneD with our pjoper ljan3,o? anp lite o? mo^e of ouc 
 {I jtme CottnftWj fo } the time being, fljall, bp our Direction, ano bp tojiting Cgnco ano fubferibeo 
 tottljtljetrbanDS.llgmfie ano notifie to the fatO William Brayley, Gilbert Smith, NicholasSpi- 
 cer,IohnDoricot 3 IohnYong,Richard Doderige, Anthony Daflell, anoNicholas rurner,o? 
 to anp of them.o? to anp otljer.tohom tljep,o ? tlje moll part of tljem lljal recciue into tbcirCompa= 
 nie ano focietp,as is afojefaio,oiothertoife to our officers in our po^ts of Exeter,ojPlimouth,bp 
 tbemtobenotifito to fuchas fljallrjaueintcrrflin tljtsfpeciallpjiuilegc.tljat ourtoillanDplca« 
 fure ts 8 tljat the fato trace anc traficiue fljal ceafc,ano be no longer conttnttco into the fatoe coalf S 
 ano partes of Guinea befo je limitco : then immeoiatlp from ano after tlje enoe of (ire monetljs 
 
 Lll 3 ners 
 
\i6 The Engliih Voyages,N alligations, M. lames Weljh. 
 
 nee t trifuhig, after fuel) figmnciitton tj notification fo to be gmen to anp of tlje faio klompsnp ano 
 facictic, as te nfo?efaio, o? otfjrrluifc to our SDfficcrs in our pojtsof Exeter o? Plimourh 3 bp tljcm 
 t o be notsficn to fttclj as fijall Ijaue mtereff in this fpcciali pjitulege, tljefc our pjr fcnt letters 1|9^= 
 tents, ano our graunttlj -rein containeoQjall be uttcrlpbopce, ano of none effect, nebalioitie in 
 the (a'u)c,to all intents ano purpofts: anp tljing, before inc ntioneo to the contrarp in anv totfe not* 
 toitljffanotng. CCl'tnctfeour felfe at cQeflminft it, tljetijiroc cap of £©ap,in tlje thirtieth pere 
 ofourScipei 58 8. 
 
 A voyage to Benin beyond the Countrey of 'Guinea, fet foorth by 
 Matter Bird and Mafter Newton Marchants of London , wich a fhippe cal- 
 led (he %icharda{ ' <>s4rundell,znd a Pineffe ; Written by IametWe/Jh,Yiho was chiefe 
 Mailer or the faid voyage, begunne in the yeere 1 588, 
 
 f>an the ttoclft of October toee toapco our ankers at Ratcliffe atm tocnt to 
 Black wall. 9no tlje ncrt bap fapling from tljencc , bp renfon of contrary 
 umtoc ano tocatljer, luce maoc it tlje 2 j.of 2Dctober before toee toere able to 
 rcaclj Plimouth, ano there toe flapeo ( to our great erpcitfe of bictuals) foj 
 (ache of totnoe ano toeatliet bnto tljc 1 4.of December. 
 
 ©n^aturoaptlje faio 14. of December toe put from tljence.ano about 
 aiiDiiigljt totrc tljtoart oftlje Lizart. 
 <£.!jurfoap tlje fecono of Januarp tore Ijao fight of tlje lano neere Rio del oro, ©oo be ttjanheo, 
 anb there Ijao 2s.oegvees of latitude, ano 47.mmutes, 
 
 Che tljftoe of aanuarp toee IjaD fig'jt of Cauo dc las Barbas , ami it bare &outfjeafl fine 
 leagues off* 
 
 Che 4,tocljao fig'jt oftbeCrofiersiiuhe morning. 
 
 Cueioaptlje /.oaptoeb.ibfigljtofCauo verde,ano3I Bnoctljis place to bcinlatttuoe i4,oe- 
 grces.ano 4 3 .minut es,bcing 4,leagues from tlje ujoare. 
 
 jFrtDaptlje 1 7»Cauo de Monte bareoffbs 3ftojtlj jfrojtfjeafljtoe founoeo anoljao yo.fatljom 
 blacfee oafe,ano at 2.of tlje clocke it bare jfrojtfj jaojtljtoett 8 .leagues off, &nO Cauo Menfura- 
 do bare of bs <Eaft ano bp ■South, ana toee toent j!5 ojtljcatt tottb t Ijc maine : here tlje currant fee* 
 tetlj to the €atl £>outljeaft alonglf tlje fljoare, anb at mienight toee founbeb ano Ijao 2 <5.fatljome 
 blackc oafe. 
 
 Clje 1 8,m tlje morning toe tocretfjtoart of a Ianb muclj like Cauo verde,ano it is as 31 iuoge' 
 o.lcagues from Cauo Menfurado ; it is a bill faolcbackeo,ano tljere are 4,0? j.one after another: 
 anu 7.leagues to tlje feoutrjtoatb of that, toe fato a roto of bils faolebacheo alfo, anb from Cauo 
 Menfurado are manp mountaines, 
 
 Clje \% toe tocre tljtoart Rio deSeftos, ano tlje 2o,Cauo dos Baixos teas Ji3ojt!j ?bp 22Iett 
 4 .leagues off tlje flioarc, anb at afternoone tljere came a boate from tlje fljoare tottrj ^.Negroes, 
 from a place (as tljep fap) calleo Tabanoo. Snb totoarbs euening toe tocre tbtoart of an ailano, 
 anoagreatmanp of fmall 31flanoso? rocfees to tlje igiomfjtoatD, ano tlje currant came out of the 
 Sjotttrjer-boojoitoefounDebanbrjaojy.fatljonies, 
 
 Che 2i.toceljaDaflfltljitltrjat bare jQo^th li5o?tljealIoffbs,anbtoee tocre from tlje (rjoare 4* 
 leagucsjanb at 2.a cloche in the afternoone toe fpake toitb a Frenchman rioing neere aplace cal* 
 Icd Ratire,ano another placeharo bp calleo Crua.^Dbis Frenchman carieb a letter from bs to 9p» 
 New ton : toee lapo it on hull toljtle toee tocre tonting of our letter ; ano tlje current fet bs to the 
 S>cutljtoaro a gsoo pafc alongtttlje fijoarc §>outh §>outljeafi, 
 
 Che 2 y .toe were in tljc btgrjt of the bap that is to the cMeQtoaro of Capo dc Tres pumas : tfjc 
 currantoio fet «Eaft j^o?tbeatt. 
 
 Che 28.toe lap fire glaffes a hull tarping fo? tljc pineffe. 
 
 Cljelattof Januarp the mioble part of Cape de tres puntastoas tljtoartofbsth?ee leagues 
 at feuen of the cloche fn tlje morning : ano at eight the pineffe came to an anker: ano tote pjooucu 
 tljat tlje current fettetlj to tlje Cafltoaro: ano at fire at night tlje bttermott lanoe bare €att ano bg 
 $t>outlj 5,Ieagttes,ano toe tocnt Sottthtoett^no ^outljtoett anb bp feoutfj. 
 
 ^jaturoap the fii'O of JFebmarp 1 5 88.toe toerc tljtoart of a Round foreland, tohicfj a take ta 
 be tlje Saflermofl part of Capo de tres pumas : ano toithintbc faio Round foreland toas a great 
 bap tottlj an Jflano in the faio bap, 
 
 Che feconoof jfebmarp toee tocre tljtoart of tljeCaflleof Mina , ano toben the thiroegfaffe 
 of our Looke-out toas fpent, toe fpieo bnoer our tarbojo-quartcr one of tljcir 'SJoates toith cer* 
 taitve Negroes, ano one Poitugale in tlje 30oate,tote tooulo |jaue Ijao fjim to come aboojo, 
 
 but 
 
 Rio del oro is in 
 22-BfgrccB, 
 flnD 47. itun. 
 
 Cmiode las 
 Barbas. 
 
 Croficrj, 
 
 CauoV«rrJe,in 
 14 Ucgr.43.lll. 
 
 Cauo de Monte. 
 Cauo Menfurado. 
 
 Rio de Seftof, 
 Cauo dos Baixos. 
 
 Tabanoo. 
 
 3d JFttiiclj Ojip 
 at Racire. 
 Crua. 
 
 3C currant to 
 
 the gimirli ■ 
 cattcuaro. 
 
 Cauo dc tres 
 puncas. 
 
 •arhccanieof 
 
 Mina, 
 
M. lames Welflo. TrafBques and Difcouenes. 127 
 
 <Etuo luiiirc 
 
 btt-betooulonot, StiD otter tlje cattle bpon tljc bte rockes tec Bin fee as tt nitgljt be ttoo uu.,tctj* 
 l)oufes,anDtijepiitDn)Cto'o?rptol)icc:atiDVueUje»tea(InD?tl;eatt. ujat^mircB. 
 
 Cbe 4 in the mo jntng toe Inert tljtonrc a great bigb bill , ano lip into tljc lanoe lucre moje 
 Ijfgl) CriorgeD Ijilles, aim tbofe J rcckotieo to be but little fijojt of Monte Redondo. Cljcna rcc^ MonwRcdondo. 
 itoneo tljat l»e tucre :oIcagucsS>otitbcaS-toarDfrGmtbe Mina.ancatu of t!;cclcc«c31 fauie 
 ttoo btlles toitbin the lam>,~tl;icfe bite 31 taheto be 7 leagues from the firll bi!s. ano to fen-toaro 
 of tbefe btlles is a bap, ano at ttje zaU cno of the hap anoiljcr bill, anD from tljc biis the lances lie 
 ucric loto. 8£l£ toent Caftnojtlje aft , anD ffiaft ano bp J^oitlj 2 2 leagues, aim then <£att along 
 the ibojc, 
 
 Clje 6 me tocre fljojtc ofVillalonga, ano there toe met toith a ipojtugall Caraucll, 
 Cbe 7 a faire temperate oap, anD all this Dap toe roao before Villa longa. vniaionga, 
 
 Cbe 8 at noonc toe fct faile from Villa longa, ano ten leagues from tljcncc toe ankereo againe 
 anD flapeo all that night in ten faDom toater. 
 
 Che 9 ire fct faile, anD all alongtt the fbojc tocre tierp tljichc toooocs, anD in the aftemoone mo de u&*. 
 toe tocre thtoart a rittcr, 5 to the Catttoaro of the riueralitlc toap off toas a great high bulb-tree 
 as though it bao no ieaues, anD at night toe ankereo toitlj faire ano temperate tocatljcr. 
 
 ■Cijc 10 tocfet faplc ano toent CattjanD Call ano bp sS>otttij 14 leagues along the fljoare, 
 tohich toas fo full of thicfee toooos, that in mp iuDgcmcnt a man ftjoulo baue mttclj to Doe to patte 
 through them, ano totoarDs night toe ankercoin 7 faoome toith faire toeatljer. 
 
 Che 1 1 toe faplcD ffiatt ano bp g>outb,anD thjtce leagues from the Q)o?e toeljao but 5 faoome 
 toater, anD all the toooo upon the lano toas as eucn as if it bao beene tut toitb a paire of garocners 
 fi)tercs,anD in running of ttoo leagues toe Defcernco a btglj tuft of trees bpon the bjoto of a lanD, 
 tohich QjctoeDhbe a pajpofcljcao, ano toljcntoee came at it, it toas but part oftbelanDc, anD a 
 league further toe fato a Ijeao-lanD toerp loto anD full of trees, ano a great toap from tljc lano toe 
 bao bcrptbalioto toater, then toe lap ^outlj into tljc fea, Lecaufe of tlje fanosfoi to get into tlje ^^ a,lote 
 Deepe toater, ano toljen toe founo tt Dcepe, toe ankereo in fiue faDom tbtoart the riuer of Iaya, in 
 the riucrs mouth. 
 
 Che 12 in tlje morning toe roao flill in tlje riucrs mouth. Cbis Dap toefent tljc pinneffeano 
 tljcboat on lano toith tlje marcbants;, but tljep came not againe untill tlje nejetmoming. Cbe 
 fljalloto cfl part of this riuet is tctoaro the COeft, tobere tljere is but 4 faoom anD a balfe, anD it is 
 toerpbjoao. Chcncrt morning cametlje boateabooto,anDt[jep alfofaiDittoas Rio de Iaya. Riod«iays= 
 fipere the currant fettetb <I23elitoaro,anD the CattcrmoQ lano is higher then the SBcflcrmott. 
 
 Cljurfoap tlje 1 2 toe fct faile, anD lap ^outlj g>outbeatt along the fbo?e, tohere the trees are 
 toonDerfuUciien.anD the Caff ujoieisljtgber then tlje (Kleftujojc, ano toben toee IjaD faplcD 1 8 
 leagues toe bao fight of a great riuer , then toe anfeereo in tb?tc f aoom ano a balf e , ano t(je currant 
 toenr cajefltoaro, Cljisriuens tlje riuer of Benin, ano ttoo leagues from tlje maine it isoerp R'oEenui, 
 fljallotoe. 
 
 Clje 1 5 toe fent the boat ano pinncfle into tbe riuer toitb tlje marcbants , anD after tljat toe fee 
 fatlc^ecaufetoeroaDinujallototoaterjanDtoent&outhfoutheaft.anDthettarbojDtackcaboojij 
 tontlltoecamcto fiue fathom toater, toijere toe roao toitb the currant to tbe SUetttoaro t tben nennm 
 camr our boat out oftbe harbour ano toentaboo?o the pinneffe. Che 2Uett part of tlje lano toas vstaxoaa. 
 Ijtgh bjotoeo mttclj like the beao of a (Sttrnaro, ano the Cattcrmoft lano toas lotoer, ano bao on it 
 tb?ec tufts of tceeslike flaefces of toljeateo? come, ano the nert Dap in tlje morning toe fatoe but 
 ttoo of tljofe trccs.bp reafon tljat toe toent mo?e to the Cafltoaro, ano here toe roao flill from tbe 
 14 of Jf ebjuarie bnttll the 14 of 3p?tll, tottlj tlje toinoeat ^outljtoett. 
 
 Che 1 6 of jFebjttarie toe rooe flill in 5 faoome, ano tbe currant ranne flill to the SLMtoaro, 
 tbe totnoe at feotttbtoett, ano tbe boat ano pinneffe came to os agatnc out of tlje riuer.ano tolo bs 
 that there toas but ten foote toater upon the barre. ail tljat night toas Djotofie, ano pet reafona* ««i fooutaa* 
 ble temperate, «r upon tbe 
 
 Cbe 1 7 a clofc Dap the toinoe at &outljtoefl,Our marcljants toapeo thctrgooos ano puttljeitt deSi. 
 aboo^n the pinneu*e to goe titto tlje riuer, ano tbere came a great currant out of tlje riuer ano fet 
 totbeSftefitoaro, 
 
 Cbe 1 8thcmarchantBtoenttoitbtljcboatanDpinnefleintotljeriucrtoitljtb£ircommooities. 
 Cfrs Dap toasclofe anofijotofte, toithtbunDer,raineanDlightning, 
 
 Che 2 4 a clofc moaning ano temperate, ano in tljc afterncone tlje boat came to bs out of tbe 
 riuer from our marcbants. 
 
 Ctoefoap the 4 of Search , a clofc fbultrp bot morning , tbe currant toent to tlje (Utetttoaro, 
 ano much troublcD toater came out of tlje riuer. 
 
 Cbe 1 6 our ptuneffe came a boop ano Anthonie Ingram in fcer, $ flje bjougljt in ber 94 bags 
 
 of 
 
iz8 
 
 &icfinf(Tc s.s 
 luongourinrii 
 
 1 he Engliih Voyages^NauigatioRSj/k/./^ej Weljh. 
 
 ofpcpycr, atiD 28 Clepijants tceilj, ano tlje spatter of Ijcr ano all bts company toere Refte'. Ojis 
 toas a temperate Dap ano tije toinoe at ^otithtoctt, 
 
 %\je 1 7. 1 3. ana 19 lucre faire temperate toeatber ami tbe toinoe at S>outbtoett. Chis Dap 
 tbe piitnette tuent into tbe riucr againe, ano carico the pttfer anothc ^urgton. 
 
 ■Sfteofatftof 
 t(it <£aptalne, 
 
 t&eppcrs<Sr» 
 Icptiaiits v:td). 
 
 54 gooo norc. 
 
 cuccant. 
 
 feRtagaflball 
 along tt)e fra. 
 
 - 
 
 %l)e 2y of tije fato inonctlj 1 5 89 \uc fent tlje boate into tberiucr* 
 
 Che 30 ourpinncfle came from Benin, ano brought fojotofullnetoeSjthat Thomas Hcmfted 
 toas ocao ano our Capcaine atfc, ano (be bjougbt toith her 1 59 Cerons 0? facto of pepper ana 
 GElepbants teeth. 
 
 jSotc thst in all tlje time of our abiotnghcre, in tlje moutbof the riucr of Benin, ano in all tlje 
 coatt hereabout, it is faire temperate tneatljcr , tohen tlje toinoe is at <&outhtoeft. &no toljen the 
 minoe isat jQoitheafl anoi^ojtljerlpj tljcntc raiuetlj,liriutjIigtjnmg;anD tljunocr, ano tis toerp in 1 
 temperatctocather. 
 
 ■&be 1 3 of 9p?ill 1 5 89 toe fet faile Ijometoaros in the name of 3Icfits* 3!n tlje morning toe 
 fapleo toitb tlje tomoc at <§>oiitljtoefl, ano lap dQeft ano bp jSojtb, , but it p?ooueo calme all that 
 night, ano tlje currant :§>outheatT. 
 
 ■©be 14 tbe riucr of Benin tons jj2ojthealr 7 leagucsfrom the njoje ,ano there teas Title toimje 
 ano totoaros nigljt c.ilme. 
 
 "SCIje 17a fatrc temperate nap tbe toinoe bariable, ano toe Ijao of latituoe foure Degrees ann 
 20 minutes. 
 
 '©be 25a faire temperate oap tbe toinoe bartable, ano here toe Ijao th?ee Degrees 5 29 minntss 
 oflarituoe. 
 
 W$i 8of 9£ap toe has fight of the Dioje,toljiclj toas part of Cauode Monte , but toe did not 
 tiling ice (wo beene fo farre, but it came fo to paffe bp reafon of tlje currant. 3In this place Sp, 
 Towrion toas tUtkemanecoeceiueo toitb the currant, 
 
 Che 9 toe baD fight of Cauo demonte. 
 
 Che 17a oarltc oiotofic oap, tljis toas tbe firfl night that 31 tooke tbe jlSojth. Carre. 
 
 %',)c z 6 a temperate oap toitjj title toinoe , ano toe toere in 1 2 Degrees ano 1 3 minutes of la- 
 tituoe. 
 
 ®lje 30 toemetagreatfeaoutofthe Bojtljtoctf. 
 
 Che & of 3Ionc toefouno it astemperate as if toe haDbeene tnEngland.f pettoetoere toithiti 
 tbe height of tbe funnc, fo \ it toas oeclineo 23 oegrees,ano 26 minuts to the ji5ojthtoaro,anB toe 
 fiao 1 y Degrees of latituoe. 
 • 'SEbe 8 faire ano temperate as in England, tjere toe met toith a counter fea, out of tbe S>out&* 
 
 I)C10C. 
 
 "Che 15a faire temperate sap , tbe toinoe bariable, Ijere toe Ijao 1 8 oegr r ess ano fiftte nine 
 minutes. 
 
 &he 1 2 of Jul? in 3 ooegrees of latituDe toe met toitb great fio?e of rocktoeeo,tobich oio Cttcie 
 togctber like clutters of grapes, ano trjis contimteo tottlj os ontill the 1 7 of tbe f aio monetb , ano 
 then toe fo to no mo je,at toijiclj 1 7 oap toe toere in ttoo ano thirtie Degrees (ire ano fojtte minuted 
 oflatituoe. 
 
 'She 2 5 at tire of tlje clocke in tlje morning , toe Ijao figfjt of tbe %Ue of Pike , it bare Jfrojtbj 
 ano bpijBattfroin bs, toe being 1 s leagues off. 
 
 i;ije27toefy>ikt toitb tl.iepotte of London ano ftjetolo tos gooonetocs ofEngland. 
 
 ^Ije nine ano ttoentietlj toe &ao tigljt of tbe aUano of Cueruo , ano tlje 3 o toe fato tbe Jflanm 
 
 of Fi ores. 
 
 ^Cbe 27 of augntt in 41 ocgrccs of latituoe toe fato 9 faile of 25?itons } ano tbjeeof tbemfol* 
 Iotoi.0 o« ontill noonc, ano tljcn gaue os ouer. 
 
 Cbe 30 toebaoCgbtofCape Finifterre. 
 
 Che eigbt of September at nigljt toee put into Plimouth founo, ano roaD in Caufon bap all 
 nig'jt- 
 
 %%t 9 toe put into Cattoater ano t^ereflapeD bntill t^e 28 of September, up reafon of toant 
 ofmenanoncknefTe. 
 
 •5Sbe nine ano ttoentieth toe fet faple from Plimouth , ano arriueo at London trje fecono of 
 JDctobcr 1589. 
 
 ■^Ijc commooities tbat toe carieo in tfjiss bopage toere clctlj botljlinnen $ toollen, p?ontoo?ke 
 offuno?pfo?ts,Manilliosoj bracelets of copper, glatte beaoes,anDco;irall. 
 
 ■Kbt commooities tbat toe bjougbt bometoere pepper ano €lepljauts teeth,opIe of palme, 
 clotijmaoe of Cotton toooll berp curiouflptoouen,mioclot&maoeoftbebarkeof palme trees. 
 
 'E-tjeir 
 
Jntonie Ingram, Traffiques and Diicouenes. np 
 
 'S-ijctr monep isp?ettc tobuc (bcls, foj goloeano uiuer toe tarn none, '"djtp baue auo g tf at fl j e 
 of cotton grotoing : their b?eaO is a kmo ofroots, tljep call it Inamia, ano toben it is toell fooDcn fcnpw, a inna 
 31 tooulD leaue our b?rao to cat of it, it is pleafant in eatiug,ano light of oigetrion,the rootctljcrc- •J*** 1 ' '" Be - 
 of is as bigge as a mans acme, ©ur men bpon fiGj-Dapes Ijao rather cate tlje rootes toitb ople ano "' 
 toneger.tbcn to catc gooo ttock&ttj. inhere arc great ftojeof palme trees , out of tljc tobtclj tljep 
 gather great tto?e of tome, toljiclj toinc is toljitc ano berp pleafant, $ toe fljoulo tup ttoo gallons name of pan 8 
 ofitfo? 2ott)eIs, ^hepbauc gooolto?eoifope,anoit fmellctblike beaten biolcts. alfo manp "«»• 
 metfefine mats ano baffeets that tljcp make , ano fpooncs of elephants teeth berp curiottflp 
 to?ougbt teitl) biuers proportions ot foules ano ueafls maoe bpon tljcm. ^liere is bpon tfae coatf 
 toouocrfull great lightning mio tbunoer, in fo much as Ji neuer haro tlje like in no Cotintrep , fc? 
 it tooulo make ttjeoccke o? hatches tremble unoer our fcete, ano before toe toerc toell acrmaintico 
 toithit,toetoerefcarifulI,but<S>oo betbanbeDtoeljao no barme , 'Che people are bcrp gentle 
 ano lotting , ano tljep goe unkeo both men ano toomen bntill tbep be marrieo , ano then rijrp goe 
 couerco from the mtoole ootone to the knees, ©hep tooulo b?ingour men eartljenpottcsof tbe 
 rmamitic of ttoo gallons, full of Ijonp ano bonp combes fo? ioo fijelles. 'Eljep tooulo alfo tying wbimoartMor 
 great fto?e of ©?angcs ano Iplantans tobicb is a fruit that grotoctb bpon a tree , ano isberp like !)0MPt 
 unto a (Cucumber but berp pleafant in eating. 3itljatljpIeafeo<$oD of bismerceifullgoooncffe «6i*Pitf«. 
 to giue me tbeknotoleoge Ijoto to p?eferuc freftj water toitb little cofi , tobicb.Dio feme bs fire £? onltb'i) 
 monctbs at the fea,? toljen toe came into Plimmouch it toas much toonoereo at, of tbe principal eaofogtoMan 
 menof the totone,tohofaio that there toas not ftoeetertoater in anpfp?ingiuPIimouth, Cbus [^antaL 
 Doth <2od pjouioe fo? his creatures, bnto toljom be p?aife noto ano fo? euermo?c, 3men. f«i of bap.rair, 
 
 nsttjeawjjoi 
 
 The voiage fet forth by M. John Newton,2.nd M John 'Bird marchants 
 of London to the kindome and Citic of Benin in i^tfrica, with a fhip called the 
 RicbardoisArundell, and a pinnefle.in the yere 1588. briefely fet downe in this letter fol- 
 lowing, written by the chicfe Factor in the voyage to the forelaid Marchants at the time 
 ofthe fhips fitft arriuall nPUmotitb. 
 
 \ ©?tyipful £birs, tlje oiftourfe of our toljole p?occeoing in tljtsbopage toil af ke 
 J moje time ano a perfon in better bealtb then a am at this p?efent, fo that 3J t tuft 
 ' pou toill parson me,till mp comming bp to pou: m tlje mcane time let this fuf= 
 See. ffiKbereas toe oepartco intlje titonecb of December from the coafiof Eng- 
 j land toitlj pour goooujip tlje Richard of Arundell ano tbepinneu"e,toe hcioott 
 > our street courfetotoaros our appointee po?tj ano tbe i4Dapof jfeb?uariefoI< 
 lotoingtoearriueo in thcljauenof Benin, toljercliiefounonot toatcrenougfj tocarrptlje fbipoi 
 uer the barre, fo tljat toe left her toitbout in tlje roao/ano toith tlje ptnnclfc 9 Qjip boat, into tobicb 
 toeljaoputthechiefeiiofourmarchaDife,toetoeritbptherittcr£oaplacecalleDGoto,tobcretoe coiomBcBin. 
 arriueo tbe 20 of jf eb?uarp , the fo?efaio Goto being tlje neerett place that toe coulo come to op 
 toater.to go fo? Benin, f romtljencttoe p?efentlp fent Negroes to tbeking,tocertifiebim of out 
 arrtuall,anoof tbecaufeofour commingtbitljentobo returnee to os againe tlje 22 oaptoitb a no- 
 ble manintljeircompanp to b?mgbsvip to the Citre, ano toitb 200 Negroes to cawie out com* 
 mooities : hereupon tbe 2 j oap toe ocliuereo our marcbanoije to the kings .facto?, $ tlje 2 y Dap 
 toecametotbegreat(£itteofBenin ) toljeretoetoeretoellmtertaineo:'2Lhefire?ttoentpDaptoe ^h,. tmtil - 
 toenttotheiCourttohauetpokcntoitljtheking.toljtcb Cbprcafonofafolemnefeafttbenfeept of Benin. c B 
 amongft tljem) toe coulo not ooe: but pet toe fpake toitbbts Veadore,o? cbiefc man,tbat batlj the 
 6caIingtoitljtbe2Eb?iaians : ano toe conferreo toitb bimconcermngour tracing, toljoanftoerto 
 l)$,tljat toe ujotilo hauc all things to our oefire, botlj in peppecano Slcpbants teetfa. 
 
 %kt firff of sparebjtoe toere aomittco to tbe kingsp?efcnce,ano Ije maoe is tbe like courteous 
 anftoere fo? our traffike : tbe nert oap toe toent againe to tlje Court, toberetbefo?etaio Veadore 
 (betoeo is one baffeet of gre cne pepper , ano another of o?p in tlje ttalkes % toee oeOreo to Ijaue it 
 pluckeD from tbe Balks ano maoe deane,tobo anftoereo,tljat it toouloafke time.but pet in iboulo 
 be Done: ano that againS another peere it fljoulD be tnbetter reaoines, 9 the rcafon toljp toe foune 
 it fo bnp?eparto toas, becaufe in this bings time no Cb?i&ians Ijao cuer refo?teD tljitber , to laoe 
 pepper.Ebc ncrt oap there tocrc fent bs 1 2 bafkcts,ano fo alitle currp oap bntillclje 9 of aftarclj 
 at tobicb time toe ban maoe bpon 64 ferons of pepper, ano 2 8 Ciepljants tcetlj. 3!n this time of 
 our being at Benin(our natures at this firfl time not fo toell acquainteo toitb that cltmate)toc fell 
 all of bsintotbe oifeafeofthcfcucr.tohereupontlje Captainefent me ootone toitb tljofe gooos 
 teb!d)tocalreaotefaaw:eceiueo,totbereftofotirmenatGoto:toherebeingamueo,3IfounDaU 
 tbe me •.: of our pinneffe fickc alfo, atiD bp rca&m of tbeir tocaknes not able to conuep tbe pinnefle 
 
 ano 
 
150 The Englifh Voyages, Nauigations, M. lames JVetJh, 
 
 anogooDsootoue to the place toljcrt cut fljip roao : butbp gooo bap toitljin tttohourcs after mp 
 camming to Goto, t Ije boatc cam* up from ttje fljip,to fee Ijoto all things ITood toith ue,£b that 3 
 yttc tljegoocs into tlje boat, anD iBtntDDtoHC catusrns tlje fttp ; tiat bptljat time 3 teas come a- 
 ioojD,manpofounncnDieD:namelp,S9atrerBenfon,the Cooper, tlje Carpenter,? 5 o^moje, 
 fmpfelfetoasalfotnfucljalijeakeftntetbatJtuasnotnbletorcttirneanjamctoBenin.eaijcre-- 
 upon a lent Dp Samuel Dunne, ano ttjc Cljirttrgian toith bint to our meiubat toere about to let 
 them blooo, if it toere tbougljt nceDfull : tobo at their romming to Bcnin,fcuno tfceCaptatne ano 
 pour fonnc William Bird oeaB.anD Thomas Hempftcede berp toeahe , tobo alfo m'eb toitljin ttuo 
 Bapes after tljeir comming tljithec* Cljis fo jrotofull acciocnt cattfeo tbem toith fucb pepper ana 
 teeth, as tbep r ottla then rino, fpetoilp to rctttrne to tb?fbip,as bp the Cargafon toill appeare : ae 
 tljeir commino; atoap the Veadoretoloetbem, that if thep coulo oj tooulo flap anp longer time, 
 be tooulo bfe all potTible erpcDition to bjing in mo je commooitics : but the common firtuuffc fa 
 tncreafeo ano continuco amongtt bs all, that bp the time our men tobicb rcmaineb toere come a= 
 ioojo, toe hab fo manp false ano oeao of our companie , that toeloofceo all fo j t ijc fame bappc , ano 
 fo thought te loofe both out fbip , life, countrep ano all, fllecp barolp ano toith much aooe coulo 
 toe get bp our ankers,but pet at the lafl bp the mercie of ©00 baiting gotten them bp, but leauing 
 our ptnneut btbinoe bs, toe got to fea,ano fet faile, tobicb toas bpon the 1 3 of ^pjill , 3 f ct r toljit h 
 bp little ano little our men beganne to gather bp their minis ano to rccouet Come better fircngtb; 
 ano fo failing bettoirt the jQanos of Cape Verde, ano the maine toe came to tlje aflanos of tbc 
 Azores bpon the 2 j of iulp, tohere our men beganne a f reflj to groto ill , ano oiucrs oieo,among 
 tobom Samuel Dun toasottc, ana as manp asremaincoiiumg toerein aharocafc; but in tlje 
 • iniofl of our oiffcefle, it fell fo toel our, bp OSoos gooo pjouioence.tbat toe met toith pour (hip the 
 35atke 35urre,ontbts floe the 3J3o?th capc.tohich oio not onlpfeccpe OB gooo copanie,but alfofenc 
 bs fire freffj men aboo id, toit bout tobofc hclpc , toe tboulo furelp haue caflco of manp intonuenu 
 races. 35ut bp this gooo mcanes toe are notoat the laffarriueo in Plimouch,tbis 9 onp of Sep* 
 tember : ano fo? toant of better health at this time, 31 referre the further hnotoleoge of mo jc par' 
 ticttlaricies , till mp comming to London. 
 
 Yours to cdmwaaund 
 t/fnthony Ingram, 
 !'.' • 
 
 The (econd voyage to Benin, fct foorth by Mafter IohnNewton } a.nd 
 Mafter lobn Bird Merchants ofJLondon in the yeere 15^0 with a 
 
 {hipcalletrthe Ricbardof Armdclloi the burthen ofone hundreth 
 
 tunnes, and a fmall pinnelfe,in which voyage Mafter 
 
 lames Welft was chiefe Maifter, 
 
 ( ^rtbiro of September 1 jpotoe fet faile fromRarclife , ano the 1 8 of the fain 
 
 moncth toe came into Plimouch founo , ano the ttoo ano ttocnttetb toe put to 
 
 fea againe, auo at micnigljt toe tocre off tlje Lifarc , ano fo pafleo on our bopage 
 
 bntilltbe 14 of ©ccober, en tohich oap toe bao Ggbt of Forteuentura one of 
 
 , the Canarie alianos, tohicb appeareo berp raggeo as toe faileobp it. 
 
 ■Slje 1 6 of £>ctober, in the latituoe of 24 Degrees ano nine minutes toe mrt 
 toitlj a great rjolloto fea.the Ufee tobereof 35 neucr fato on this coaB.aito this cap there came to the 
 (hips fioe a monflrous great fifh {% tbinfce it toas a GobartoJ tohich put bp bis heao to the fleepe 
 tubs inhere f cooke toas in fljifting the bictuals, tobo 3 tljougbt the fiflj tooulD baue carieo atoap, 
 'She 2 1 in this latituoe of 1 8 Degrees toe met toith acounterfeaout of the jaoitbboojo, ano 
 the lafl bopage in tljis berp place toe hao tbc counttrfea out of tbc Scutl;,beittg berp calme toea- 
 tljerasnotoitisalfo, 
 
 %\)t 24 toe hao tight of Cauo Verde , ano ttje 2 5 toe met toitfc a great bolloto fea out of the 
 jftojthj toijicb is a common (tgne that the toinoe toill be J!3o?thcrlp,anD fo it pjoouco, 
 
 ■S&e 1 5 of jaouembtr toe met toith tb?cc currants out of the aaett ano 52o?thtoefl , one after, 
 another, toith, an ^oute0ttme btttocene each currant, fEhis toas in the latituoe of 6 Degrees ano 
 4 2 minutes. 
 
 Cbe 1 8 oap toemct totth ttoo otber great currants out of the gjoutbtoefi, ano the 20 teefatt 
 another current out of the JI5o jtijeafl.ano the 24 toe bao a great current out of tlje fenutbfbutb- 
 tocfl, ano at 6 oftl;eciocfec totoarosnigljt toe hao 3 currents mo?e, 
 
 "ehe 2 7 toe thought tfcat toe hao gone at t be leafl 2 leapes ano a balfe euerp toatch, ano it fell 
 out that toe faiico but one league cttcrp toatch foj tlje lpf.ee of 34 bs«ts,bp meatus of a great bil= 
 
 f\ token of a 
 
 J&ojt&erlH 
 
 binioe. 
 
 GiMturt 
 
 rants. 
 
 ioto ano current that came M cut of the &uttb, 
 
 Cfje 
 
M. fames Welfh. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 131 
 
 Clje 5 of 2Z>ecembcrm fcctingttjcttJatclj UjccaQ abotttanolap CattiI2?tljealt,anoji3ojtf)- 
 eafl, am here in 5 Degrees ano a Ijalfe our pinnelfe lofl us toilfullp. 
 
 Cbe 7 at clje going ootonc of the 5g>unne toe fato a great blacke fpot in tlje Sumtc , anb the 8, 
 nap both at rifing ano fetting toe fato tlje like , toljicb fpot to our feeming tone about the bigiicflc 
 of a (billing, being in j Degrees of latitude, ana fltll there came a great biiloto out ef tljefoutljcr* 
 boojo. 
 
 Che 1 4 toe founbeb anb bab 1 5 fabom toater anb grotte rcb fanb ,anb 2 leagues from tlje fljo je 
 tlje currant fee $§>outljeafl along tlje fljo?e toitlj a biiloto Kill out oftlje foutljerboojb. 
 
 Clje 1 5 toe tocrc tljtoart a rocke fometohat like tlje sH&etoflonein England, it toas 2 league? 
 from bs.bcre toe founbeb anb bab 27fabom,but the rocke isnot aboue a mile from tlje ujoje,ano a 
 mile farther toe fato another rocke.ann bcttocene tljcm botljb?oken grounb;ljere toefounbeb anb stUD rockB - 
 Ijab but 2 o faoome anb blackc fanb , anb toe might fee plainc that tlje rockes tocnt not along the 
 fljo?e, but from tlje Iano to the featoaro, anb about 5 league? to tlje Soutbtoaro trie fatoe a great 
 oap.beretoc bab4begreesanb 27minuts. 
 
 'Stjc 16 xat met toitlj a jf tench Ojipof Hunflcur,toljo tobbeb our pinne[fe,toefent a letter bp % f te »^ § i9 
 Ijtm.ann tljis nigljt toe fato another [pot in the Sunne at bis going ootonc, 3nb totoarbs euening of Hunflcur. 
 toe tocre tljtoart of a riuer, anb tight ouer the tiuer toas a high tuft of trees. 
 
 Che 17 toe ankerco in tbe riuers moiulj, attbtljentoefounbthelanbtobeCauodelasPal- omodeias 
 mas,amjbettoecncty3?tljecapetoasi agreat leoge of rockes^nc league anb a fcalfe into the fra, ™ m3S ' 
 anb tljep bare to tlje {[Oefl of the Cape.toe fato alfo an 3flano off the point of tlje fo jelanb, thus it 
 toareb night tljat toe coulbperceiuenomojeoftbe lanoe,butonelptbatit trenoebinlikeabap, 
 inhere there runneth a Became as if it toere in tlje riuer of Thames, anb this toas the cbange bap 
 of the spoonc. 
 
 Cbe 1 9 a faire temperate bap,an» tlje toinb South ,toe toent €atf, anb tlje lance a Berne of 
 us <LfUefl, anb it ujetoeb loto bp tlje toater ftDelike 3JflanDS ,tljts toastfjc eafiof Cauo de las Pal- 
 mas, anb it trenbeb in totth a great founb, anb toe toent 4£aB all night, anb in the morning toee 
 toere but 3 0? 4 leagues from the fljojje, 
 Cbe 20 toe tocre tljtoart of a riuer calleb Rio de los Barbos. 
 
 Chen toetoentalongthe(bo?eCafl,$ 3 oj 4 leagues to the 21ieflofCauodetrespuntas,3| Ratios En*. 
 fins tlje bap to be fet beeper then it is bp 4 leagues, anb at 4 of the clocke tlje lanb begun to Qjetoe bos ' 
 higlj, anb the firfl part of it full of ipalme trees. 
 
 Che 24 Bill going bp the fljo }e, tlje lano toas nerp loto anb full of trees bp the toater finc,anb at 
 1 2 oftlje clocke toe ankerco tljtoart of the riuer calleb,RiodeBoi!as, flperetocfeiuour boate a RiodeBoiu. 
 tboje tottb tbe marc&ants.but thep Durfl not put into the riuer becaufe of a great biiloto that con= 
 ttnuallp bjmke at tlje cntcrancc topon tlje barre. 
 
 Clje 28toefailcoalongBtljeujoiCjanb ankerco atnigbt in feucn fabom becaufe a great cue 
 rent tooulb bane put bs backe, toljtch came from the €afl Soutljeafi from Papuas. **?**■ 
 
 Che29atnoonetoetoeretljtoartofArda,anbtherctoetoofeea(£arauelbuttljcnientocrcflcb Arf». 
 on Iano, tben toe tocnt aboojb ber, but Qje bab nothing in her but onlp a litle oplc of Ipalme trees, 
 anb a feto roots. Clje nett morning ourCaptaine ano marcljants tocnt to mccte pojtugals, that 
 came in a boate to fpeake toitlj bs,tobere trjcp comnmneo about tbe bupmg oftlje Caraucll of our 
 men againe, anb the lpo?t upis pjomifeb t Ijat toe fljoulo banc fo; tlje Caraticl! , cert atnc bullocks 
 anb Elephants tectb, anb tljep gaue bs one tooth auo one bullocke pjcfentlp, anb fapb tljcp tooulb 
 tying us the refl the nett bap. 
 
 Clje firfl of Janttaricour Captaine toent on lanb to fpeake toitlj tlje Portugales,but toben he Jarniaw. 
 fato thep oio biffemble, he cameaboo?b againe, anopjefentlp toe bnriggeb tlje Carauell, ano fct 
 bcronfire before the totone. Chen toe fet faile anb toent along tbe coaB,toberc toe fato a Date 
 tree,tfjeIiketohercofisnotinalltbatcoaBbpontljetoater(toe,alfo toe fellongrounbalitlein 
 one place : Cljus toe toent to Villa longa.ano there anfcereb. villa ,ong *- 
 
 Che tljirb toe toere as far (hot as Rio de Lagoa, tobereour marchants toent a Qjoje ano bpon Riode u g0 a. 
 the barre tljep founo i fabomflat, but tljep toent not in becaufeit toas late. Cljcrc ts alfo to the 
 Cafltoaro of this riuer a Date tree higher then all tlje refl of tlje other trees thereabout. Cljtts 
 toe tocnt along tlje coafl, anb etterp mgljt ankcreb.^al tbe Bjoje as toe toent toas full of trees ano 
 tbicketooous. 
 
 Che 6 bap tn tlje morning it toasnerp foggp, fo tbat toe coulo not fee tbe lano, anb at tljjee of 
 tlje clocke in tbe afternoonc it elearen np, f tljen toe founo our felues tljtoart oftlje riuer of laya, *8 ( *«« of 
 anb toben toe founo tbe ujalloto toater, toe bate into the tea South.as toe oib tlje bopage before, ' yi ' 
 anb came to an ancre in ftue faoom toater. Che nett bap toe fct faile againe, anb totoarbs nooue 
 toe tocrc tljtoattof tlje titter of Benin in foure fabom toater, 
 
 Cbe 
 
I 
 
 Brjua, 
 
 132 The Englidi Voyages,Nauigations, M. fames Weljh. 
 
 ©be iooapour CapiametocntonianDtottbtbefljaliopat 2 aclockcin the aftemoone. 911 
 
 me riucc of this toeeke it toas berp foggp cucrp Dap untill ten a clocke.ano all this timcljitljerto hath bcenc act 
 
 temperate as our Cummer m England, ©bis sap toe toent into tlje roao ano aufecreo, 9 the toeft 
 
 point of the roao bare Call nojthcaftoff bs,toe rioingin foure faoomc toater. 
 
 Goto. ©be 21 afairetcmperateDap,tbtsoap^,HaffaldtoenttothetotoneofGoto > tohearenetocs 
 
 of tljeCapcaine. 
 S^fc'S ^z 2? came the CataueU, ano Samuellinhcr, ano flje brought 63 elephants teeth, ano 
 
 aboojD. th?eebUllockS, 
 
 ©he 28a fatre temperate oap, ano totoaros night there fell much raine, light ntng , ano tljun* 
 Der, tl)is nap our boate came aboo 7,0 from Goto, 
 298. feci* of "H* 2 4 of jf"eb?uarie, toe tooke in 29 8 Cerons 0} fackes of pepper, ano 4 (Elephants teeth, 
 ptppet. ano the toinoe toas at ©outheatt. 3 no the 16 toe put the reft of our gooos into the i£araucll,ano 
 Sp. Haffald toent toith her to Goto, 
 ©he 5 of Search? £arauelcameagamc? brought 21 Cerons of pepper,? 4 CTepbantS teeth. 
 ©bepof^illo'urCarauellcameaboojDtoith toater fo? our pjouifton fo? the fea, ano this 
 Dap alfo toe loft our ftjallope. 
 CDicc fronts. ^ e i7ao?otoficrainicoap,anDintheaftctnoonetoefato 3 great fpotttcs of ratnettooonouc 
 '; larbojiD ftoe, ano one right toith the ftjips hcao, but (Sod be thankco,thep came not atbs,ano this 
 Dap toe tooke in the laft of our toatec foj the fea,ano the 26 toe toccualeo our Carattell to go tottlj 
 bstotbefea. 
 ©fee 27 toe fct faile to goc hometoaroc toith the toinDe at §>outljtoeft , ano at ttoo a cloefce its 
 Bometu"!™' the afternoone, theriuer of Benin toas jftojtbeaft 8 leagues from bs, 
 
 ©fee 3 of Spap toe hao fitch a terrible gttft toith raine^lightntng ? thunoer,tljat it to je ano fpn'c 
 cur foje faiIe,auo alfo the Caraucls fo?e-faple ann mainc-faple, toith the toino at feoutheaft. 
 
 ©he 1 2 afaire temperate Dap.mucb like our fommer mornings in England,bcing but one De« 
 gree ? a halfe from the line, but at mtDmght toe hao a crucll gull of raine,? the toino at nonhead. 
 ©he 24toetoereS>outhfrcmfromCauodelasPalmas jyleagues. 
 ©bWftof JulptoebaDfightof thejflanoofBraua.anDit bare €att 7 leagues off, ano this! 
 3lflanD is one of the Jlflanos of Cauo Verde, 
 
 ©he 1 3 of 3,uguft toe fpake toith the iiQueenccs ftjips, tlje £oj,o Thomas Howard being 30= 
 
 mtraH,anofir RichardGreenemll Cltceafcintrall. ©hepiscptusin their cempanp bntill tlje 1 5 
 
 Dap at night, themfeiues Iping ahull, in toatgbt foj purcljafc 30 leagues to tbc&outhtocftof the 
 
 3]2anDtifFiorcs, 
 
 aae oepartcb ©he 1 5 toe hao Ieattc to Depart toith a ftp-boat laoen toith fttgar that came front Sam Thome, 
 
 in compmiEof tohicljtoastabenbprheflueenestoipSjtohereofmpiojDaDmirallgaucme great charge , not 
 
 am(e ' toleaueberbnttll flje toere barbojeo in England. 
 
 corao. ©he tfjjee ano ttoentietb the jQojthcafl part of tlje 3iftanD of Coruo bare off bs Call anD bp 
 
 g>outljftreltaguesuff. 
 
 ©be 1 7 of September toemettoitlj afljt'p of Plimouththatcameoutof the (KHefiilndies.but 
 fljecoulD tell os nonetoes. ©benertoaptoehao fightofanothcrfaple, this Dapalfooneof our: 
 companp nameD sp.Wood oieo, 
 
 ©he2j toe fpake tottlj tlje D?agon of mpLoiD of Cumberland, toljereofS^after iuietoas. 
 gpifler. 
 ©he feconoof©ctobertoemct toith afljip of New-caftietohicljc'ame fromNcwfound-land, 
 • anDoutofljertoehaD 3oocoupleof Newlandfiftj, 
 
 ©he 6 toe hao fight of Sillie, ano toith tame ano toinoe toe toerc fojeeb to put into &, Maries 
 founD , tobere toe ftaieo all night, ano 4 oapes after. 
 
 ©he 1 1 toe fet fatle againe, ano commtng out hao tlj?ee faDom bpon t|jc barre at a high toater, 
 then toe lap out <i>outheaft , though £roto-fanD,ano ftjo^tlp after toe hao fight of the lanos enD, 
 ano at ten of the clocke toe toere tbtoart of tlje Lyfart, 
 
 ©Ije 1 3 toe toerc put into Dartmouth,ano there toe ftapo bntifl tlje 1 2 of December. jFrorw 
 thence toe put out toith the toinoe at SLleft, ano the 1 8 of December, d5oo be p?aifeo,toc anftereo 
 at Limehoufe in the Thames ,tohere toeoifchargeo 589 facks of pepper, 1 50 (Elephants teeth, 
 ano 3 2 barrels of oile of Ipalme trees. 
 
 ©he coinmoDtties that toe catico out this fecono bopage toere 25 joao cloth, Kerfies, 'Bapes?, 
 imnen clotb,^?oubntojougbt,i5?aceict0 ofCopper, CojaIl,ilpatoke bclles,|)ojfccailes, Cpats, 
 
 ano fuel) like. 
 
 ©his bopage toas mo?e comfortable bntobs then t^e firft , becaufe toe haogooo fto?e of frefij 
 toater, ano tljat berp ftoeet : fo? as pet toe hatte berp gooo toater in the ftjippe tohiclj toe brought 
 
 out 
 
Theftate of Angola, Traffique s ? andDjfcouerics ^^__ ?gj _ 
 
 outoftljenuecofBenintljcfirlJDapofapjiUi 59 1. ano ic igatthtsDap (being the 7 of June 
 
 1592.) tabe feen aboo?o tbc ttjip as clcare atrn a$> ftoect as any fountainc can pceio, 
 
 " an tljisiioiagc tuc TailcB 3 50 leagued inicijin [jalfc a ncscce of tlje cquinoctiall line, atio t&cre %tiaxam 
 
 toe founo ic mojc tempcratcthen tobcre toe rooc , 9»iD mix the line tote did kill great So?e of £J\ p £^ u r 
 fmall £>olphincs,anD manp ot^er goon filhes,anD fo did toe all trjs toap, tobiclj toa? a rterp (treat imni*u,tij«n 
 refrefbing bnto \j2,ano thcfilrj newer fojfooke bs ,tmtfl toe toerv to the po?ttjtoaros oftfje 3|Iano@ gjgj ^L 
 of Azores.aiio tljen toe coulo fee no niojcfiQjjbut (Soo tie ttjankto toe e nice toitb gooo company of 
 out countrep (hips toljicb toctc great comfojt onto bgjbemg 8ue moucths befoje at §>ea toitljout 
 anp companie. 
 
 By me lames We$k mailer of the %ichard of \Arundelljxi 
 both thefe voyages to the riuer of 'Benin. 
 
 An Aduertifement fent to Philip the fecond king of Spame 
 
 from ^sfngolaby one Baltazar Almeida deSoufa , touching the 
 
 11 ace of the forefayd countrey , written the 21 of 
 
 May, 1501. 
 
 ijJ)e26'of3!uIp3!.certifieDpottrmaielricbp IohnFrercdeBcndanhapourma' p aJ ioDias <tsn. 
 tellies p ap-mafter ano commilTioncr,toitfj the gouernour Paulo Dias,toljicb is ™™ 0M oiAa - 
 latelp Deceafco.of all things that happeneo tlje 2 8 of December in tlje pete lad 
 1 pall 1 5 9 o f jftoto 3J thought it conuenient to acuertifc pour maieftie tohat 
 hath fallen out ftnee thattime,tobtcb is as folotoetb.'Che gouernout Luis Scr- 
 ' rano encampeo himfeife eight leagues from Cabafa, toljerc tlje Negro king 
 Otoellerij.toith ? 5 o Portugal foulDiets:^ aftertoatD being tljete encampetjjit Ijapneo that tlje king 
 of Matamba fent a ttrong ana mightte armp,gt in toarlike maner 3 toitlj Orange inucntions fo? tlje $j£JX? 
 fapupnrpofe* i§)0 tlje king of Angola gaue tljis otljcr king baetell, ano tljcgoucrnottr fent 114 i^ipoimgaia 
 fotaoiers Portugals to belpe the faiofctng of Angola: lit tohich battel! it toas tlje toillof ©00 amm - ns " a • 
 that our atmp toas ouerttj?otuen ano all flaine, as tocll our Portugals as tlje Moores tohirij tookc 
 part tofth them, ^otoith this oucrchjoto it bappeneD that this realme the feconD time hath re* 
 Mleoagaintt pour maieftie. Spereupontlje ©ouernour aflembltug tlje reft of his Portugall foul* 
 Diers,co tlje number of 2 50 altogether,tocnt to Amafanguano, tohicij is noto Ijt's place of aboor. Ama&nsmno 
 S0o jeouer , helloes thematufolD loffes tohich Ijacte befallen tlje Portugals in this realmcpouc ma* Jj&SgSgSJ 
 teflie hatb fuftaineo other great mtffo jtunes both in pour lanos ano gooDS.9no be caufc 31 cannot 
 petfonallp come to ccctifie pour maieftie tfjercof,3! cljottgljt it goon to to?ite fome part of tlje fame 
 toherebppour maieftie map bnoerftanD tlje eftate of this countrep, 'Ehts realmcfo? the mottpart 
 thereof Ijath ttoifobene tootme,ano ttoifdoft fo? toant of gooB gouernment. jToi here Ijauc bene 
 manp gouetnours tohich baue pjctcrmen to do ittftice, but haue pitifullp ncglcctcD tlje fame, ana 
 jnaccifeo the cleane contrarp,ano this 31 knoto to bemott trttcTSut the onelp toap to recouer tljis qrt» orci? mag 
 «alme,ano to augment pour maiefties lanos,gooDS ano treafure,muft be bp fencing fome noble gj&JJJf ^ "* 
 anDmightpmantoruleljere,toljichmuflbjingautljo?itiefr6pourmaiefiie 3 ant)bptakingffretgljt mmitmtoo&c* 
 ojoertljattuerpcaptaine toljtclj ooetljconqucrehtre map bee retoaroeo acceding to his Dcfcrcs, f'" 1 "' 
 JLiketoife pour maieftie mutt fenD Ijitljer 2000 gooo fouloiers, toitb munition ano fufficient fto;e 
 of p?ouifionfo? thcm.9tai bp tljis means pour Ijighneffc fijall knoto tohat peerelp ratemte An go. 
 la toillpeelo unto pour coffers,anD tohat profit toill groto tljertof,fflthcrtoifc pour maieftie (ball 
 reape but litle benefit here, attouhmppjefence 3| map ooe pour maieftie anp fctuice ingitttng 
 information of tlje Bate of this realme 3 as one toljiclj haue ban erpcticncc tfjereof, ano baue fecne 
 tlje ojtier of it, upon cfje tintierftanDitig of pour maiefties pleafttre fjcreut, 35 totll ooe nip beft inoc 
 «our 4 9no tlje caufetoljerefo?c 31 baue not Done this heretofore bath bene, bp teafott that tijc jcnuriiaiitrirfi 
 <SouernoursoftljijsrealmetooulD fuffernoneoftbe captainestohiclj baue conqucrcD tljis coun- ) 1 ^ Dsousu * 
 treptotnformepourmat'cftieofthattoljtcIjisnecDfullfojpoutferuice, anu tlje augmenting of 
 this conqueff. fflur lojopjeferue pour catljolique petfon tottb inctcafc of manp kt'ngtscmes, aim 
 tlje augmentation of pour crotone* C3Jjittentntl;cconquelIofthcrcalmc of Angola the 21 of 
 
 Your maieflies mod loiall fubieift, 
 
 BttlMz.<ir t/4lmeida deSowca. 
 
 Mmm A 
 
■ — ■ 
 
 EJ4* The Englifti Voyagcs^blauigmonSyTbeTortugahoiage. 
 
 A true difcourfe written(as is though t)by Colonel jintomt Wtnk+ 
 field emploied in the voiage to Spaine and Portugall, i $ 8 9. fcnt to his particu- 
 lar friend, & by him publifhed for the better fatiffaiSion of all fuch as hauingbene fcductd 
 by particular report, hauc entr ed into conceits tending to the difcredite of the enterptife 
 
 and A6rbrs of the fame. 
 
 £ though the rjefire of atmanctug mp reputation caufco mc to toitbffann tfjemanp 
 ; y c rf oj aftone pott u Cc D to holo me ?t ijomc,?the purfutc of Ijonojabie actions Djrta 
 me (contrary to peer e rp ect ation) to neglect that arjuife,tobiclj in lone 31 fenoto pott 
 1 gatte me : pet in reflect of the manp affurances pou baue peelneo mee of pour kin* 
 ■ celIfcietioibip,3lcennctfuri)ectthatpoulDilleitheruiueojeaeeine me the lefle, 
 tit tljismp retutnc: ami tbcrfoje 31 toil not omit rnip occafiontohteljmapmafee meappeare thank* 
 fttll.o? tsifebarge anp part of tbat Qttctie 31 ctee pou ; tobtclj note) is none otber then to offer pou a 
 trucPifcottrfe boto tbefe toarresi of Spaine sno Portugall haue pafferj fince our going out of Eng- 
 land the 1 8 of 3p?ill,tiU our returne tobiclj teas the firft of 3Iulp. CStjercin 3i toiK'tnoer pour fa* 
 uonrable part ok) f 3? pour further fatil'faction, as toell make relation of thofereafons toljicbcon* 
 firmcDmeinmpptirpofeofgoingabjoat', asoitbefeacciDentstobtcbbauehapperteDOuringottc 
 abaarj there ; therebp hoping toperftoauc pou that no light fanfieoiu ojatoemefrom tlje fruition 
 E pour oeareft f riem (bip, but an earnctr oefire, bp follotoing tfce teams to make mp f eife mo?? 
 tooajtbpeftbefame. 
 
 patting tl)irefo?eDeterminat£lppurpofim toput on this fcabite of afouloier, 7 gteto toubtfuH 
 turjetljerra etnplop mp time in p" tears of tlje loto Countries, tohictj are in auriltarte matter main* 
 tameo bp her maieSir.o? to f atom the f ojtune of this boiage, tobicb teas an anuenture of her ana 
 manp&ono?ablcperfonagcs,inreuenge ofr>nfuppo?tabletojoitgs offeree bnto the cflate cf cue 
 countrep bp tlje CafMian king : in arguing tebercof,3l fino tljat bp hoto much, the cbalenger is re* 
 puteo before tlje oefenoant,up 'to much is the iournep to bepjeferreo befcue tbofc Defcnfute tears, 
 jf } ijau the t tike of Parma his turne bene to oefenrj, as it teas his gooo fortune to t'mtaoe : from 
 tehjence cotilo (jaue pjoceeoerj that glorious bono? tohich the fe late tearres bane laio upon bim, 0; 
 tojjne cc ttlo haue bene faio mo j c of ljim> then of a ft efponce n t (t bough neuer fa baliant) in a p ?i« 
 Rate Dueil 5 C u en,t ha t (j e hat lj 00 n c no mo? e t b en bp bis honour Ije teas tteo t c 1 . Jf 0? the gaine 
 of onetotonco? anp fmalioefeat giuetlj moje renoumc to tbeSffailant,then ttjeccfenceof a totm* 
 trep.ojtbcteitbttamiingofttecntie encounters can peeto anp man toljo is.bonna bphis place to 
 guars the fame : tohcrcof as teell the particulars of our age,efpeciallp in the Spaniard, as tbere* 
 po?ts of former h;fto?tcs map affure us, teljich haue flill laico the fame of all tearres bpon tfce 3In* 
 nao 1 r . Qhto so not ours in tljefe capes litte obfeureo in Flanders, either not bauing tojjeretoitball 
 to manage anp toarre,o? not putting on armes,but to oefenu tbjlelues tohen the enemie (ball p?o« 
 cure them '; CQbcreas in this Gjo?t time of our anuentur e, toe (jaue toon a totone bp cfcalade.bat* 
 tree 5 affattltco another, ouercl) jotecn a migbtte p? tnecs poteer in the fielo, Ianoco our atmie in j 
 fettcralplaccs of his ktngoom,marcbco 7 Dapcs in the Ijeart of bis conntrp.Iien th?ee nights in the 
 fuburbs of bis pnncipall citie,bcaten bis forces into tlje gates thereof, ano poifcffcD tteo of t>it 
 frontier JTo;ts,as fijnll incifcourfe tljcrcof mo jeparticularlp appeare: tohcrebp 31 condttce.that 
 going teitij an 3inuat>er,auD in fuch an action as euerp bapgiuetb neto erperience,31 haue much to 
 Daunt of,tljat mp fojtttne did rather carp me thither then into the tears of Flanders.jQottoitbff an* 
 cing tl;c bebement pet L'toafions poubfetj toitl; me to the contrarp,tbe grounos tohereof fittjence 
 pou veceiuen them from ot In rs ,pou mutt giue me lea tie to acquaint pott toitlj tlje trro j pou toece, 
 Ico into bf tbc,tebo labouring to bung the too^lo into an opinion tljat it flooo mo? e teitb tlje fafe* 
 tieofottrettatetobcnrjaUourfojcesagainCtbep?inceofParma,tbentofolototbisactionbploo« 
 king into tlje true effects of this iournep, tetil iuoiciallp contttnee thcmfclues of miffakmg tbP 
 matter, ^o?,map tlje conquefl of tbrfe countries againtt tbepjtnceof Parma be tbougbt mojeea* 
 fie fo? bs-alone noto,tben tlje Defence of tljent teas 1 1 peeres agoe, toitb tbe men anb moncp of tb? 
 Dueene of England? the potoer of tbeMonfieur of France? the afftllance of tlje principal ttatea 
 ofGevmauie?antitbettobilitieoftljeirctonecountrp':€ouHinotanarmieofmo?etbenaoooo 
 bo?fe,« alrnoC 3 0000 fcot,beat Don lohn de Aurtria out of tlje countrepjtobo teas poCTelteo of a 
 jjcrpft'tofronttcrtotones^fijal it notobelaiobponbermat'eniesfljoulrjers to remoouefomigb* 
 tieanenem;ejtobob8tb^ftbsbut3to!jolepartsofi7bnconqttercti':3itiswotaiournpofafeto 
 «;oiietts,nc? an aurtliarie toarre of fete peeres that can Damnific the king of Spaine in t fccfe p?a* 
 ces inhere toe Iballmectat euerp 80? 1 o miles ena toitlj a totone, tobich toill coff mo?e>bc teitt* 
 m'ugthentoillpecre!ppap40? 5 tljoufansmenstoages, toljereallthe countrep is quartern bp 
 nttc'rs to'gicb bane no paffage bnfo?ti8eo,anQ teljere meG of tbe befi foaloiers ef Cb?iKcnCcm that 
 
Tfo TortugallDoyage. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 135 
 
 to on otir aouerfe partp be in pr uftun ,1? u t our armie,tobicb Ijacfj not coQ ijee maicftie mud; a b one 
 tljetbiro pact of one peres crpenfes in clje Itoto coumrieSjhath alreaop fpotleo a great part ofttjc 
 p jouifion he bao maoe at the Groine of all fojtes, rbj a neto bopage into England; burnt 3 of bis 
 ujips.tobetof one toas j> fecono in clje lafl.pcres erpeDition calico SJuan de Colorado;takcn fro 
 him abouc 150 pieces of gooo artillcrie;cuc offmo?e then 60 Ijulks ano 20 jf rencb fljips toel ma* 
 neo fttanDreaDtetoferueljimfojmenoftoaragamftbS,laDcnfoiJjis flojetoitljcome, bictuals., 
 niaGs,cablcs ano other mar rhan oi- cs; llaine ano taken the principal men of toar be bao m G alicia; 
 maoe Don Pedro Enriques de Gufman,Conde de Fuentes,(SeneraIl of bis forces in Porcugall, 
 
 ibamcfullp run at Peniche ; laio along; of bis ben" Commanoers in Lisbon ; ano bp tbefe fcto ao= 
 ucntutesoifcouereDbotocafilphermaiemeimptoitheut anp great aoucnturein fljoit time pull 
 tlje Titantoftheworldupon bis knee0,astoeluptbcDtfquictingl)isi)furpation of Portugal! as 
 toitljottt oimctiltie in keeping the commooitic of bis Indies from bint, bp fenDing an armp Co nc- 
 compliflieD,as map not be fubicct to tbofe crtremitiestohicbtoehaue enDurco.-ercept beDjato,fo? 
 thole Dcfcnces,his forces out of tlje Loto countries ano otffurniuj bis jatifons of Naples ej Milan, 
 toljich to ith f afctie of tbofe places he map not 00. 9no pet bp this meauc be ujall ratbec be info?ceO 
 tberctmto.thcbp anp fo?ce that canbebfeD there againQljiimtohcrffoje 31 Directlp conduce that 
 this pjocceoingis tlje mofl fafe ano ncceffarptoaptobe helo againfiljim, anD therefore mo?e tm» 
 poking then tbe toar in tbe loto countries. S?et hath tlje iournep(3! knoto) bencmucb miflikcD 
 bp fome, toho eitber thinking too tooltip of tbe &paniarDsbalurc,too inoifferentlp of bis pur* 
 pofes againtt bs,o? toobntooubilp of tbemtbatbnDertooke tbis iournep againfl him,Dio tljinkc it 
 a tbing Dangerous to encounter the Spaniard at bis otone bome,a thing nccDleffc to pjoceco bp in' 
 uafioit againtf him, a thing oftoo great moment fo?ttoofuuiccts of their qualitieto bnDertake: 
 Sno tberfo?e did not fo aotiance tbe beginnings as though thep hopeo foj anp gooo fuccefl'e tljcrof* 
 
 ©bechances of toars be things mofl bnccrtaine:fo? tohat people foeuer bnDertake them, tljep 
 arc in oeeo as chaBifements appointeo bp (Son fo; the one fioe oj the other, jfo? toljich puryofe it 
 hath pleafeo ijttn to giue fome bictou'es to tlje Spaniards of late pceres againll fome toljom Ije fjao 
 in purpofc to ruinc.T5ut if toe conttoer toljat toars thep be that Ijaue maoe their name fo terrible, 
 toe thai fine them to Ijaue bin none otljer then againfl the barbarous Moores, the nakeD Indians, 
 ano tlje bnarmco Netherlanders,tohofc peetoing ratljer to the name tbcact of tlje Spaniards.bath 
 put tljem into fuch a conceit of tljeic migbtincs,as thep Ijaue confioeratelp bneertaken the conqucfl 
 of our monarchie 3 conftllmg of a people bnftco tj altoapcs Ijelofufficicntlp toarlikcjagainfl toljom 
 toljat fucceffe tljeir inuinciblc armp Ijao tlje Iaft peeress ottr berp chilDjen can tottnes, fo 31 Doubt 
 not but this Dotage bath fufficientlp maoe knotoen toljat thep are cuen bpon their otone Dunghill, 
 tohiclj.hao it bene fct out in fuch ft?t as it toas agreeD bpon bp their firfl oemaunD, it might baue 
 maoe our nation the moll glojious people of the toojto. jFo? hatlj not the toant of 8 of tlje 1 2 pic» 
 ctsofartilIerie,toljtcljtoerep}omifeDDntotlje9Dttenturc, loll her maidlie tlje pofTelTion of the 
 Groine ano manp otljer places,as hereafter fljaIapp«are,toljofc Defenttblc rampircs toere greatec 
 then our batteric (fuch as it toas) colo fo?ce : ano therefoje tocrc left bnattempteo': 
 
 3It toas alfo refolueo to hauefent 600 Cngliflj Ijojfesof tljeJLoto countries, tohcretf toe baa 
 not onc,nottoithff anoing tlje great djarges erpenDeo in tljeir tranfpo?tation hitljcr: ano that map 
 the armp affembleo at Puence de Burgos thanke cpoo of,as totll as the forces of Portugail,toho 
 foreran os 6 oaies together : DiD toe not toant 7 of the 1 3 olD Companies,tobiclj toe (houlo baue 
 Ijao fro tljenccjfoureoftbe 10 Dutch Companies; rt 6 oftheirmenof toarfo? fhefea.fromtheHol- 
 landersrtohiclj 31 mapiufllpfaptoetoanteD^'n that toe might haueljao fomanp gooo foulDicrs, 
 fo manp gooo ujips,anD fo manp able boDies mo?c tljen toe IjaD t 
 
 Sio there not bpo the firll thinking of the iournep Diuers gallant Courtiers put in their names 
 fo? aottenturcrs to tlje fumme of 1 0000 it. tobo feeing it toent fojtoaro in gooo earned, aouifeo 
 themfclues better.ano laio the toant of fo much monep bpon tlje iournep *; 
 
 (Kla3tljercnotmo?coucrarounDfummeoftbeaDuentutcfpent in leuping, furnWitng, ano 
 maintaining j monetbs 1 500 men fo? tlje feruice of Berghen, toicb to{jiclj Companies the Sputi* 
 nies of Oftend toere fupp?cflcD,a feruice of no final momentt 
 
 £23ljatmiferp tlje Detracting of the time ofourfettingottt.tohichmoulDhaucbenetlje 1 of ft'- 
 hmatp.DiD lap bponbs.too manp cantoitnes : ano tohat ertremttie the toant of that moflcebs bic^ 
 «ualstohirijtoeDiDcat,DttringtljemonetljtoeIapatPlimmouthfojatoinD,mightljauconiienb3 
 tonto,nomancanDoubtof,thatknotocthtobatincnDoliuebp,haonot<SoD giuenbstn the enoea 
 mo?e ptotperous toino ano ujo^ter paffageinto Galitia then hatlj bene often fcet^toberc our otone 
 fo?ce 9 fortune reuictuaUeo bs largelp : of tohich croffe toinoes.that Ijelo bs ttoo Daues after our 
 going out, tlje (Senecals being toearie, tbjuft to sgiea in the fame, toifelt) cljtiCng rather to 
 attcno tlje cljange thereof tljerc,tben bp being in harbojough to lofe anp part of tbe bcttcr,toljen it 
 
 Mmni 1 (bSUlD 
 
136 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, The Tortugahoiage. 
 
 moulo come bpbaumg tljeir men on ft)o?e : inmbicb tuio oapes 25 of out companies ujippcDiu 
 part oftlje fleet mere I'cattcred from bs.eitljer not being able ? milling to Double Vfhanr. 
 
 ■SDljefe burdens lapeo upon ouc Generals before tbeir going out ,tbepbauepatientlp endured, 
 and a tbinke tljcp Ijaue tljerebp muclj enlarged their honour : fo? Ijauing none thus muclj mttlj the 
 toantofourartiUerp.fiooljojfcjooofootjacooolt^ofthetraoucnturcanDonenionetliBDtctU' , 
 als of their p)opo?tion,toljat map be eoniectureo the? mould haue Done toitlj their f ul topkmrnfc 
 
 j~oj tlje lolTe of our men at fea.fince toe can lap it on none but the mill of (SoD,Uihat can be fain 
 mo?c,t!jen that it is his pleafure to tttrne all thofe impediments to the bono? of th cm againft mbom 
 thepliiereintenDcDtanDljebJilltWltbctohimfelfe the lo?d of bofistn Doing great tljingsbptbe, 
 tobom manp Ijaue fougljt to obfeure : tuljo if thepljaD let tlje action fall at the height thereof in re* 
 fpect of tbofe Defects, mbiclj mere fucljcfpcciallpfo? tbe fmticeatland, as mould banc made a 
 mightp fubiect floope bntier the, 31 do not fee-hott anp man coulD iufllp Ijauclspd anp rep?ocljbp« 
 on Ijim tobo commanoeD tlje fame.but rather haue lamcnteD tlje iniquitp of tW time,tohercinmen 
 inborn fo?ren countries Ijaue fo? their conouct in feruice mo?tbtlp ettecmed of, fljoulo not onlp in 
 their omne countrep not beteconoed in tbeir ljono?able enoeuo?s, but migljtilp bind?eo,cuen to § 
 impairing of tljctr otone eflates , toljicb moll millmglp tbep baueaducnturco fo? tbe gooD of tljeic 
 cauntrtes:mljofc bJo?t!j 31 toil notbalue bp mp rcpo?t,lcu" 3! tbsulD feemguiltic of flatterp(b)bic&j 
 mp foule abbo?re tb) $ pet come fljo?t in tbe tt ue mcafure of tbeir p?aife.2Dnelp fo? pour mttructio 
 againll tbem mljo bao almoil feduced pott from tbe true opinion pou bolD of fucb men.pou fljal bn- 
 Derflmid tljat ©eneral Norris fro bis booke mas trained bp in tlje mars of tbe Admiral of France, 
 anDtnberppongpeeresljaDcbargeofmcnbndertljeerleof Effexin Ireland : tobich mitlj mbat 
 commenDationsbetbenDifcbnrgeD, 3ilcsuetotbe report of tljem lxiljoobferueD tbofe feruices. 
 SJpontlje b?eacljbetb)irt Don Iohn $ tlje Scatcs.be mas made Colonellgenerall of all)} Englilh 
 fo?ccs tbere pjcfent.o? to conie.mljicb be contmueb z peeres : be bias tben nwoe Sparujall of tlje 
 BelD bttDer ConteHohenlo : ano after tljat.Qpencralof tbe atmp in Frifland : at Ijis coming Ijome 
 in tlje time of Monfieurs gouernment in Fianders^c bias made lo?o \p ?efiDent of Munfter in Ire- 
 land,mbicb be pet boloetlj .from mbencc mitbin one peere be mas fent fo?,tj fent ©enerall of tbe 
 Englifhfojcesmljiclj ber maiettie tlje lent to tbclotu countrics,tobicbbe beld til tbe erle ofLei- 
 cefters going ouer.Sno be teas mace Sparfljallof tlje fielD in England, tbe enemp being bpon out 
 coafl,anD mljen it bias erpec teb tbe cromne of England mould baue bene trieD bp batteI.SH mljiclj 
 places of commaunDementtabtcbneuet anp Englishman fucceffiuelp attainen bnto in fo?ren 
 mars,and tlje bigb places bet maieflie Ijatlj tljougljt b im moo?tbp of,map fuffice to perfmade pott, 
 tbatbemasnotaltogetljerbnlikclptoDtfcljargetbatmljicbbebnDertoolte, 
 
 <KCtljat fame general Drake batlj gotten bp Ijis tottrnp about tbe luo?lD,bp Ijis aouentures to tbe 
 luefl Indies,? tbe feourges Ije Ijatlj laio bpon tlje Spanifhnation, 31 leaue to tbe <§>outberne parts 
 to fpeake of,? refer pou to VH)t TSooke crtant in our omn language treating of p" fame,? befeeel) 
 pou conliDeringtlje boaigbtp matters tbep baue in all tlje courfe of tljeir liues britb monoerfull re* 
 ptttationmanagcDjtljat pou milefteeme tljcm not mel info?med of tljeir p^oceeotngs, tljat tbinke 
 tbem infufficient to pafle tb?ougb tljat toljicb tljep bnocrtoobe, efpcciallp Ijautng gone tbus far in 
 tlje bieb) of tlje mo?lo,tljjougbfo manp incomb?ances,fdifappointed of tbofe agreements tobieb 
 ieo tljem p ratljer to bnoertake tbe feruice»15ut it map be pou boil tljinke me beretn ettber to mucb 
 opinionateo of tlje boiage,o? conceitcD of tbe CommanDcrs,p labouring tbus earnefllp to aduance 
 tbe opinion of tljembotb,baue not fo mucb as tpucljeD anp part of tlje miioj ders,b;eakneS rj toanta 
 tbat Ijauebene amongll bs.baljereof tbep tljat returned did plentiful!? report, ^rue it is, 31 baue 
 concerned a great opinion of tbe iournep, gt do tbinke bono jablp of tbe CommanDers : fo? ine finD 
 tngreateft antiquities, tbaraanp Commanders bauebcncrecciucoljomettitljtrittmpb fo? Icffe 
 merite, tj tljat our oiune countrep batb Ijonojed men heretofoje toitb admiration fo? aouentures! 
 bnequal to tljisnt migljt tljerfo?? in tbofe oaies baue feemed fuperfluous to ertend anp mans com= 
 menoations bp particular rememb?ances,fo? tljat tben all men bacre readp to giue euerp man bis 
 Due.'But 31 bold it mod neceffarp in tbefe daies, liltljence euerp bcrttte findctlj ber Direct oppoOte, $ 
 actions tooo?tbp of all memojp.arein danger to be inuiouflpobfcttreo,to denounce tbe p?apfes of 
 tlje action,ano acto?s to tbe ful^bttt pet no furtber tljen toritlj flnceritie of truetb,$ nottoitbout grie= 
 uing at tlje iniurpof tbis time,toberein is enforced a neceflitie of apologies fo? tbofe men rjmat* 
 ters,tobi«b all fo?mer times mete accuflomeo to entertaine mitb tbe greatett applaufe tljat migljt 
 bf3utto anfbiere tbe repojtstobicb baue bene giuenoutin rep?ocboftbeacto?S ano action bp 
 fucb as mere tn tlje fame : let no man tljinke otberbnfe.but that tbep,b)ljo fearing tlje cafuall acci* 
 dents of mac bad anp purpofe of returning.DiD firfl aouife of fome occafion tljat (bctild moue tljem 
 tljerettnto : ano bauing found anp tobatfoeuer did tbinke it fufftcientlp iutt, in refpect of tbe ear* 
 
 nefloeCrc tljcp baoto feckeout matter tljat mtgbt colour tbeir commingbome. 
 
The Tortugall voyage, Traftiques, and Difcoueries* 137 
 
 , 1 i ■ — i . ii . * 
 
 ©ftljefe tljere mere fame, m'jo bating noten tijc late Flemifh tnarres did tmoe tbat inanp 
 pong tr.cn baue gone otter ano fafelp returneO fouioicrs mitbin feme monetbs, in batting learneo 
 fometoojwsof arte tofco in tljemarres, ano tbougbt after tbat gooo trample to fyeno like time 
 amongft ds: totjtci; being erpirco tljep beganne to quarrel! at tlje great mojtalitie tbat mas a* 
 mongitos. 
 
 ©be neglect of Difcipline in tbe armie,foj tbat men lucre fuffcreo to be o wnfte witfj the plen* 
 ric of lutues, 
 
 ©be icarfitie of gwrgions,. 
 
 ©be ton"* ofcarnagesfojtljc&ttrt anoficket ano t^c pciturt^ of victuals ittt&eCampe: 
 
 ©hereupon DMining tljat tijcre moulD be no goon Done: 9no tljattljerefojetbep cottlo be con^ 
 tent to lofe tbeir time, ano aoucnture to retutnc borne againe. 
 
 ©befe men baue eitfjer corciueo iuel of tbtir otone mits (i»bo bp obfertting tljC paffages of the 
 marre mere become fufficict fouloiers in tljcfe feme tooeeks, 9 oio long to be at bome.toljete tbeic 
 Difcourfes migbt be toonDjeo at)o? miffing of tljeir Portegues ano Milraycs mbtclj tljep DjeatwD 
 on in Portugal!, mottlo ratber retutne to tljeir former manetoflife,tljenattcnDtljeetU)eoftbe 
 iournep, # 1 feeing t bat one Ija^aro b wtiglj t another ;attD tbat tljo tigb one efcapeo t be bullc t 1 iji a 
 Dap it migbt light upon Ijim tomojofcu, tbe nertDap.o? anp cap ; anti tbat tbc marre ttias not confi* 
 neo to artp one place,butj}euerp place bmugljt foo>,tbnem enemies,tbepmcreglaotofeefonieof 
 tlje poo?e fouloiers fal ficke, p fearing to be infecteo bp them tbcp migbt tuttlp oefire to go Ijcme, 
 
 ©Ijefickneffe 31 tonfeffe mas great, became anp is too mttcb, 36ut batb it bene greater tben is gtlt, 
 ojoinarp amongffEnglifhmen at tbeir firff entrance into tbe marrcs, teljitberfocuertljepgoe to 
 toanttbefulneffeof tljetrflefijyotjs*; Jl^auc not ours Decapeoat all times in France, mitlj eating 
 pong fruits ano Dunking neiue mines': baue tbep not abunoautlppentbeD in tbe Low countrcys 
 toitlj calD,ano ramneffe of tbe aire, euenin tbeir garrifons'*.ipauc tljeie not mo?c oieo in London 
 in fire monetbs of tlje plague,tben Double our 3rmie being at tbe ffrongcfi'&no coulo tbe Spanifh 
 Srmie tbe laff peere (tobo bao allp jouiGons tbat coulo be tijougbt on fa? an Smite, airt toobe tbe 
 fitted feafon in tbe peere foj our Climate) auopo ficknes amongfi tbetr foulDiers': 2j9ap it tljen be 
 thought tbat ours coulo efcape tljere,mljere tbcp founo ino jotnatc beat of meat&er, ano hot mine? 
 to Diffemper f bem toitbalCt 
 
 05ut can it bc.tbatmee baue lofifomanp as tbe common fo^perfuiatre tbcmfelues m£c5)a'-i<:« 
 3|t batb bene pjooueo bp ffrickc examinations of our muffcrs,tljat me mere neuer in our futrteffe 
 before our going from Plimouch 1 iooo.fouloiers, no? aboue 2 5oo,S^ardners. 3It is alio ey v- 
 Sent tbat tljere retumcD aboue dooo, of all fo jts, as appearetb bp tlje feuerall paiments maor to 
 tbem fince our coinming borne, Sno 31 baue truelp (bcinjo pou tljat of tbefc nuuibers oetp mere 
 jooo.fojfooltctbcSrmieattbe&ea , mbcreof fome paffeo into France ano tbe rett returneo 
 Ijome, ^>o as toe neuer being 1 3 ooo.in all,ano batting bjougbt borne aboue dooo.mitb us, pou 
 map fee bom tbe mo?lo batb bene feouceo,in beleeuing tbat me baue loll 1 6000. men bp Dcfenes. 
 
 ©0 tbemtbatbauemaoequeffionoftbe gouernmentoftbe toarres (little fenomingtobatap^ «niteetetcij<« 
 pi'rtainctb tberettnto in tljat tberc mere fo manp omnfearos amongft as) 33 anftnere^bat in tbeic f " onB " 
 gom rnntent of (bites ano parties, pea in tljeir toerp Ijoufboloes , tbemfclues can barolp b?iole 
 tbetr baffals from tbat bice, jf } me fee it is a tbtng almott impolTibIe,at anp pour jFaires j pub* 
 Itqtte auemblies to finoe anp quarter tljercof fober,o? in pour ©omnes anp 3Iepoles unfrequcn* 
 teo: 9no me obferue tljat tljoupjbanpmanljauing anp oifortereo petfons in tbeir boufes,Do loelte 
 bp tljeir njintse ano fet ISutlers upon tt, tljat tbep mill pet eitljer bp inoircct meanes fiealc tljcm* 
 felucs omnke from tbeir Staffers tables,o? rnnne abmao to feebe it, 3lf tben at borne in tlje epes 
 of pour 3Iufitcee,g^ato js^eacbers , ano Scatters , anD mijere tljep pap fo? cucrp pot tbep tafee, 
 tbep cannot be kept from tbeir liqtto?: ooetljep tljinke tljat tljofebafeDifojoercoperfons mijom 
 tljemfelues Tent onto os,as liuing at Ijome mitljout rttlcmljo bearing of mine ooe longfoj it as a 
 oaintie tbat tbeir purfes coulo neucr reaclj to in England,ano bauing it tljere mitljout monp eu5 
 in tljeir boufes mbere tljep lie $ Ijolo tbeir guaro.can be kept from bcingomnk; ano once o?unkCj 
 ^eloinanpojoer o?tune,erceptmebaofo?euerpo?unkaro anofficertoattcnobim': T5t!tmbobe 
 tbep tbat Ijaue runne into tbefc oifo joers "•. Cuen our ncmeft men, our pongefl men, ano our ioc< 
 leflmen, anofo?tbemoftpartottrflouenlpp?effmen, mbom tbe Suffices (mljo baue aimaprS 
 tljougbt onmoo?tbilp of anp marre) baue fent out as tlje fcumme ano Djegs of tljeir countrcp.9no 
 tbofemeretbep,mijoDiftemperingtljemfcluesmitbtljefebotemtnes, baueb?ougbttntbatficfe 
 neffe,mljicb batb infecteo boneffcr men tben tbemfelues.TBut 31 bope, as inotlje r places tbe rcco» 
 tterie of tljeir oifeafes ooetb acquaint tbeir bootes mitlj tbe aire of tbe countries luljere tljep be, fa 
 tlje remainoer of tbefe mbicb baue either tecttteteo, 0? paffmitljout ficfeneffe toillppoue moff fie 
 fojS9artiallfcrnices. 
 
 Mm tn § %f 
 
ttntam'Cto 
 
 mcfift. 
 
 158 The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, Tbe Tortugallyoiage* 
 
 ufujcre to 3iftoe baue toanteo ssmrgeons 3 map not tljio racbet be laiobpontbe captaines(toljo ait top?o* 
 e uioefo? tljetr feuerall Compames)tben upon cfje (0enerals, toljofe carcbatlj bene rooje general!. 
 
 Smi how map it be tbougbt tbat euerp captaine,npontut>om mod of tlje cljargesof raffing tfceit 
 Companies toas lata a? an aoucnture.coulo pjouioe tbemfelucs of all tbfngs trpebient fo? a toar a 
 toljicb to as altoaics toent to be mauuaincb bp tlje purfe of the p jitice . 15ut aomit euerp captaine 
 IjaD^^ttrgecntpet Were tljcniant of curing neuewljeleu^: c o^out€ngU(l)§»urgeoni3(fo?tbe 
 molt part) be.bncrpertenceb in Ijurts tbat tome bp fijot ; becaufe England Ijatlj not fenotoen tears 
 but of late 3 from tobofe ignojace pjoce eoeb tljis oifcomfo?t 3 toljicb 31 (jope toil toarne tbofe f> bcre« 
 after go to tlje tears to make preparation of fuel; as map better p?eferue mens lutes bp tljetr f kill* 
 inuen ta $ rom toljence tlje toant of cartages did p?ocecb, pou map conjecture in p toe marcbeD though; 
 1 tovxv&. a countrcp neither plentiful of fuclj p?ouifions,no? totiling to part from anp tljingtpet tbis a can 
 atfure pou,tljat n» maof too?tb toas left eitljet ljurt 0? fickc in anp place bnpjouioeo fo?. &nb tl;ac 
 tbe General commanoeb alltlje mules 9 affea ctjae toere laocn toitlj anp baggage to be bnburce* 
 nco ano taken to tljat bf e: am? t ije ear (c f E (1 c x an lie f ? monp bit e men to carp me bpon pikes* 
 9no tbe earlc^toljofe true bertue ana nobilities it ooetlj in all otber Ijis actions appeare 3 fo lib it 
 berp mucb in tljis)tb?eto ooton bis ourn fittffe,3i meane apparel 9 neteffaries tobiclj 6* ba& tljcre, 
 from bis otoue cariages,am> let tljem be left bp tlje toap.to put b«rt antficfee men upon tbe m. ©f 
 toljofe ljono?able ocferttings 3 fljall not neeo Ijere to make anp particular oifcourfe, fo? tljat ma* 
 np of bis actions 00 bereafter giue me occatton to obferue tbe fame, 
 
 ants tbe great complaint tljat tljefe men make fo? tlje toant of bictttals map toel! p?ocecb from 
 tbeir not Knowing tbe toants of tbe toac -, fo? if to fees upon gooo bieues 3 muttons 9 goats, be to 
 toant 3 tljep batte enDttteo great fcarcitie at lano.toljerunto tljcp neuer toantcb,ttoo oaics together, 
 toine to mire toitlj ttjeir toatcr 3 no? b?ea& to cat toitlj tbeir meat(in fome quantitie) ercept it toere 
 fucb as ban botoeo ratljer to tf ante tljen to flir out of tbcirplaces fu?fooo:of toljom toe ljao too ma* 
 np,toljo if tbeir time ban ferueb fo? it 3 migljt baucfeen in manpeampe s in tbe mod plentiful! coun* 
 tries of tljctoo?lb fo? bictuals 3 mcn oailp me toitlj want of b?ean anb b?iiiKe in not fjautng monep 
 to bup 3 no? tljecountreppeelotng anp goon 0? healthful toatct in anp place; tobereasbotb Spaine 
 ano Porcngall do in euerp place affuop tJbe bell toater tljat map be,anb muclj mo?e bealtbful then 
 anp toine foj our Djinking. 
 
 9nt> altljougb fome baue moK tnittriottffp erclatmco agatntt tbe final pjouifions of bictuals fo? 
 tlje fea,ratljer grounoing tlje lame bpen an euil tljat migljt Ijaue fallen, tben anp tbat cio ligljt bpo 
 bsipetknotopotttljis, tbattljereisnomanfofo?getfull, tljattoillfaptbepwantctibefoje tbep 
 came to tlje Groine 3 t!jat toljofoeuer maoe not berp large p^ottifions fo? Ijtmfelfe | Ijis cempanp at 
 tlje Groine,toas berp imp?ouiDcnt,tobere toas plentiful Co?e of toine 3 bicfc anb fiflj, 9 no man of 
 place p?oljibiteo to lap in tbe fame into tljetr ujipSjtoijeretoitlj fome &io fo furniuj tbcmfelucs, ais 
 tljepoionotonelputtbe iournep fupplic tlje toants offuclj as toere Icflepjottioent tljcntbep, bue 
 intbeitrctnrnebomcmaDeatounijcomiiiositieoftberematnbertljercof ♦ anu tljat atCafcais 
 tljcrc came in fuel) tto?c of p?ouifions into tlje jFlect out of England, as no man tbat tooul&baue 
 bfeo ljis Diligence coulu Ijaue toantco Ijis cue pjopo?t;6 tbereof,as migljt appeare bp tbe remain* 
 ner tbat toas retumeo to Plimmouth, ano tbe plentiful! fait thereof maDe out of tbe roarcljantg 
 fijips after tljeir comming into tlje QLfymws* 
 
 Vu t !eaft 31 ujouln feeme bnto pou too tfunious in confuting iole optnion0 3 o? anftoering fritto* 
 lotts qtteflions,3l toil aob?cffe me to tlje true report of tbofe actios tbat baue paffen tbercinjtoljer- 
 in 31 p?otefl,31 toill neitljer biot anp tljing tbat batb Ijapneo againCbs, no? attribute mo?e to anp 
 man oj matter, tfjen tbe tuft orcafions tljtreof lean me bnto : toljerein it fijall appeare tbat tljere 
 Ijatlj bene notljing left bnooncbp tlje (Scneralstoljitlj toas before outgoing out bnoertaken bj? 
 tljem, but tbattljerebatljbenemutbmo?ebonetben toas attbefirflrcquirebbp Don Antonio, 
 toljo fijoulb Ijaue reapco tlje fruit of ouraouenture, 
 
 after6Daitsfailingfrom tbe toaftofEngland 3 gt tbe 5aftcrtoebab tlje toine gooti being tlje 
 20 of 2p?il in tlje cucning.toc lanoco in abaicmo?e tljen an €ngliuj mile from tbe Groine.in out 
 iiiezVofiepm long boats anb pinnaffes toitfjout anp impcaebment j from toljence toe pjefentlpmardjeototoard 
 tlje totone 3 toitljin one Ijalfe mile toe toere encountreo bp tbe enemie.toljo being cljargeb bp ours, 
 retiree into tbeir gates, jfo? tbat nigbt our armie lap in tbe baiages,ljoufes 9 ntffe nert aeioining, 
 atit) berp neererounb about tlje totone,into tlje tobiclj tbe <Saleon nameb S.lohn (toljicb toas tlje 
 fcconaoftljelaftpeeres jTleetagapnfi England) onebulae,ttoo fmallerfljips anb ttoo (Sallies 
 toijiclj toere foutw in tlje roan, bio beate bpon bs anb bpon our Companies as tljep pafleo too ann 
 fro tbat nigbt anb tlje nert mo?ntng , (SenerallNorrisljauing tljat morning befojeoap bictoeu 
 tlje 'Sotone, founb tlje fame cefenoeb on tljelano fioe (fo? it flanoctlj bpon tbe nccke of an 3l!ano) 
 toitlj atoallbpon a bjpbitcb: toljereuponbettfoluebtotminttoo places toljatmigljt bee uone 
 
 agafoff 
 
 ©iitmcnlaim 
 toittjm a mile 
 
 BflgcGroine 
 
The Tortugall voyage, Traffiiques, and DiicouerieSi 139 
 
 agamrtitbpeicalade, anD in tljc mcnnc tiniGaDutCeD fo? tljc Ianotntj of fome arcillerj) ro beat upon 
 tbe fl)ips ann gallics, tljat tbep migbt not annop us : toljich being put in erecution.bpon tlje plan* 
 ting of tljefirllpf ece tljc gdlicsabanooncD tfjc roao, anD bctoofee client to Feroll , not farre from 
 tljence : ano tlje Armada being beaten toitb the artiUerp ano mufketeriS t^jat tocre placeDbpon 
 tbcttfttujoic, IrftUct plaptngbponbs, "Everett of the tap toas fnentmpj^paring the compa* 
 nie»,anD otijer jjjouittons reacp foj. tljefurpjife oftlje bafe totonc,toijicb toas effocten m thisfojt* 
 ^hcretocrcappoi'ntcDtobe JanDco 1200 men bnoer tbe conouct of Colonell Huntley, ana 
 Captaine Fcnner the JJiceaomirall, on tljat fioencrt frontingbs bp toatet in longboats anD pin* 
 neffcg, inherent toere places manp pieces of artiUerp to beat bpon tlje totone in their apjocijint 
 the corner of tlje toall toljtclj befcriDett tlje other boater ftDe, toere appointrD Captaine Richard 
 Wingfield lieutenant ColonelltoiScnerallNorris, ano Captaine Sampfon lieutenant Co= 
 loncU to <St nerali Drake to enter at ioto toater toitb 5 00 men if tbep fowvo it paffable, but if not, 
 to betake them to tlje efcaIade,foj tljep Ijao alfo laDDers toitb thennat the other cc?net of tlje toall 
 toljicljiotutestothat fioc that toas attemptcDbp toater, toere appointeD Colonell Vmpton, ano 
 Colonell Bret tottb 300 men to enter by efcalade. 911 tlje companies tobicb fljoulo enccr bp boac 
 being imbarkcDbcfoje tlje loto toater , anDljatiinggiucn tljealarme, Captaine Wingfield ano 
 Captaine Sampfon betooke lijcm to tljeefcalde, foj tljep IjaD in comimnDement to cljargc all at 
 oneinifant, ©je boats lanoeD toithout anp great Difficult? : pctbaDtljepumtemcnljurtintlje 
 lanoing. Colonell Bret ana Colonell Vmpton entrcD tbeir quarter toitljout encounter , notfiir- 
 Dinganp Defence maDeagainiltljcm : fo? Captaine Hinder being oneofthemthatentrcDbptoa-- 
 tec, at his firfl entrp, toitlj fome of bis otone companp tohom fje truffeo toeil, betooke Ijimfclfe to 
 tljatpart of tlje toall , tobicb Ije clearco before tljat tljep offereo to enter , ano fo flill fcoureo tlje 
 Wall till hee camconthcbackeofthcm tobo maintcineD the fight againff Captaine Wingfield 
 ano Captaine Sampfon ; toho toere ttoife beaten fromtljctrlaODers, anofounD berpgooorelt* 
 fianee,till tlje enemies percciuing ours entreo in ttoo places at their bacfcs,tocre Dn'uen to aban= 
 ton tlje fame. ^bc rcafon tobp tljat place toas longer DefenDCD tben thcother.isf (as Don Iuan de 
 Luna toho commanDeD tlje fame aff;rmecb) tljat the en?mp tljat oap IjaD refolueo in councefl bob* 
 to make tbeir Defcnces,if tljep toere apptocheD : auDtherein conduoeD, tljat,if toe attcmpteD it bp 
 toater, tttoasnotablctobehelD, anDtljc'refojebpontheDifcottcrpofourboac*, tljep of tlje Ijigfj 
 totone ujouId make a Ggnall bp fire from tljence, tljat all tlje Ioto totone migbt make tijeir retreat 
 tljitljec : but tljep (tobctljer troubleD toitlj tbe fuDDen tcrro? toe brought bpon tljem, 01 forgetting 
 tbeir Decree) oinittco tlje fire,toljiclj maoe them guaro tljat place ttl toe toere entreo on euerp Gdc 
 
 QLten tbe totone being entreo in tbjeefeueral places toitlj an ljuge ccp,tbe inhabitants betooke 
 tljem to the high totone : tofjicb tbep might toitbleffcpertllDoe , fo? tljat ouriS being Grangers 
 there, kneto not tlje tonp to cut tbem off* •She reft tljat toerenot put to tlje ftoo?D in futp, fleo to 
 tlje rocks in tbe 3IanD, ano others bio tbemfeluesfin chambers anD fcllew, tobicb toere euerp Dap 
 Founo out in great numbers, 
 
 amongft cljofe Don Iuan de Luna,aman of berp gooo commanDement , bauing tjtosen him* 
 felfe in al;oufc,DiD tljctljenertmomingpeelDbimfelfe, 
 
 ■&ljere toas alfo taken tljat nigljt a commiffarp of bictnals callcD Iuan de Vera.toljo confeffeo 
 tljat there tocre-in tlje Groine at our mtrp 500 fouloicrs being in fetten copanies tofjicb returneo 
 bcrp tocake (as nppearctlj bp tbe fmail numbers of them) from tlje iournep of England,namelp? 
 'Don Diego Barran, a baffarDfonneoftlje^arqucs of Santa Cruz j btscompa* 
 
 np toas that ntgljtin theGaleon. 
 I DonAntoniodeHereratljenatMadrid. 
 tlllDCr Don Don Pet j ro de Manriques b?0tljer to tlje Carle Of Paxides. 
 uan de Lu-^ Don i eronimo fe Mourray of tlje £> JDer of S.Iuan, toitb fome of tljC tOtone !»«:$ 
 
 intljefo?t* 
 j Don Gomez de Caramafal tljcn at Madrid. 
 1 LCaptaineMancoCaucafodeSocas. 
 Slfotljere came in tljat oap ofourlanoingfremRetanzas tljecompam'esfof QonIuandeMa> 
 
 falle, anD Don Pedro poure de Leon. 
 
 aifo bs faith that there toas o?Der giuen fo? baking of 3 00000 of bifcuit.fbme faBatanfas, fome 
 
 in Ribadeo,anD tlje reBtbcre, 
 ®ljere toere tljen in the totone 2000 pipes of totne.anD 1 50 in the (hips, 
 3Dbat there toere Iatelp come bnto tbe barques of Seralba 300000 Ducat?* 
 3Ebat tljere toere 1 oooiarres of oile. 
 9 great quantitp of beaneSjpea^Cjtohcatjano fifl). 
 ■Sljat there toere 3000 quintals of beefe. 
 
14.0 The Englilii Voyages,Nauigations, The Tortugallyoiage, 
 
 Sno that not ttoentp DapcB before , there came in tijjee barks laDen toith match 9 hatque bu?cs, 
 &cme others alfc fount) fauour to be taken p^tfoncrs, but the tefi falling into the bands oftlje 
 tommou CoulDicrs.ljaii tljeir treats cut, to the number of 5oo,as31 coniecturf,firftanpiaJI J af= 
 tcr toe haD entree the totone ; anD in the entrp thereof tljere toast founo cuerp celler full of toine, 
 tobercon out men, bp inojDinate D jinking, both greto themfelues fo? tl>e pjefent fenfelefle oftlje 
 Sanger of tlje (hot of the totonc,tobich hurt manp of them being Dmnkct tooke the firfi grottno of 
 their ficknefle ; fo? of fuel) toas our firft ano cbicfeft mojtalitp. tljere toas alfo abunnant flo?e of 
 nictuals, fait, ano all kinoe of p?ouiu"on foj fhipping ano the toarre : tohich toas confefleD bp the 
 fapo Commiflarp of utctuals taken thereto be tlje beginning of a magafin of all fo?ts of p?ouift=> 
 on fo? a neto bopagc into England : toherebp pou map coniecture tohat the fpotle thereof hath aD* 
 uantagcDbs,anDp?ciu6iceDtbekingofSpaine. 
 
 Che nert moaning about eight oftlje clocke the enemies abanDoneo tljeir Ihips, 9no fiauing a-> 
 ttercbargeD the artillcrp of f gallion, left Ijer on fire, tohicb burnt in terrible fo?t ttoo Dapes toge= 
 ther,tbe fire ano ouercbarging of thepieces being fo grcat,as of fiftp that tocre in Ijer, there toere 
 not abouefirteene taken out toljole; tberefitotth ouercljargc of the potoDer being broken, ano 
 molten toitlj Ijeat oftlje fire.toere taken out in broken pieces into Diurrs flrippes, Che fameoap 
 toas tlje clotSer on the g>outh fine of the totunc entreD bp bs s tohicb iopneo berp neere to the toall 
 of the totone, out oftlje chambers ano ther places toljereof toe beat into tlje fame toith our muC* 
 quetters. 
 
 Che nert Dap in the aftcrnoone there came tiotone fome 2000 men, gathereb together out of 
 thecountrcp, eucn to tlje gates of the totone, as refolutelp (leODebptobatfpirit3]knotonot) as 
 tljouglj tljep tooulo haue eftreD tlje fame : bttc at the firfi Defence maoe bp ours that bao the guarn 
 there., totjerein toere flaine about eigijtcene of theirs , thep tookc tljem to their heele? in the fame 
 aifo jocr thepimoe tljeir app?ocb,ano toith greater fpceo then ours toere able to folioto ; nottoitb* 
 fianaing toe foilotoeo after them mo?e then a mile, Che fecona Dap Colonell Huntley toas tent 
 into thfcotmtrep toith th?ceo? fourehunojeomen, toho b?ought home berp great flo?e of kine 
 anD ftjeepe fo? our reliefe, 
 
 Che tbiro bap in the night the (Senerall haD in purpofe to take a long munition-ljoufe builneo 
 ijjon their toall,opcning totoaros bs, tohich bjoulo haue giuen bS great abuantage againfi them ; 
 tut tljcp knotoing the commooitp thereof fo?bs, burnt it in the beginning of tlje etiening ; toljicij 
 putbimtoanctocounccU : fo? be haD likctoifeb?ougbt fome artillerp to that fiDe of the totone. 
 During this time there happeneo a berp great fire in the lotoerenb of tlje totone 3 tohich ,haDit 
 not bene bp tlje care of the generals heeDilp feene bnto, anb thefutp thereof pjcuenteb bp pulling 
 Botoremanptjoufcstoljtch tocre mcCin Danger, as nert bnto them, haD burnt all tlje pjouifions" 
 toe fottnb thereto our toootiDcrfull hmoerance. 
 
 Clje fourth Dap toere plantcD bnoer the garo oftlje cloiflerttoo Demp-canons^atiDttoo tofac* 
 tings againfi the totone, ocfenDCD 0? gabbioneo toith a crone toall, tljo^oto tlje tohich our barter? 
 Jap; tbcfirltanDreconD tire tohereofujooke all tlje toall ootone, fo as all the omittance lap open 
 to tlje tnemp , bp reafon toljereof fome oftlje Canoniers toere fijot ano fome flaine. Che lieute* 
 nant alfo of the o?Dinance,S^, Spencer, toas flaine fatt bp &tr Edward Norris.spaflcr thereof : 
 toljofe balour being accompanicD toith an honourable care of befenbingtljat trull committcB 
 bnta him, netterlefttljatplace, till IjcrcceiueD Direction from tlje ©enerallhis bjotljer to ccafe 
 tlje batterpjtobtchhe p?efentlp DiD,leauing a guaro bpon tlje fame fo ? that Dapjano in the night fo!= 
 lotoing maoe fo gooD Defence foj tlje place of the batterp , as after there toere berp feto opone 
 annopcD tljeretn, Cljat Dap Captaine Goodwin hao in commanDcment from tlje ©enerall, that 
 tohen theaflauit fboulD be giuen to tlje totone,he fljoulo make a pjoffer of an efcalade on the otljec 
 Coe, tohere Ije helD his guarD ; butbe (mifiaktng the fignall that ujoulD hatte bene giuen) attemp* 
 ttDtlje fame long before theaflauit, anD toas fljot in tlje mouth. Che fame Dap the ©cnerallba* 
 tttngplanteo his o^Dinance reaop tohatter,caufeD the totone to be fummoneo; in tohich fummong! 
 thep oftlje totone (hot at our Dmm : immeDiatlp after that tljere toas one bangeD ouer the toall, 
 ano a parle DcfireD ; toherein tljep gaue bs to bnocrfianD, that the man hangeD toas Ije that (hot at 
 the D?um before : tohereinalfo tljep intreateD to haue faire toarres,toith pjomtfc oftlje fame on 
 tljeir parts. Che red of the parle toas fpent in talking of Don Iuan de Luna, anD fome other pjf* 
 foncrs , ano fometoljat of the renD?ing of tlje totone , but not much , fo? thep Iifieneo not greatlp 
 thereunto, 
 
 6eneralfNortis bauingbp his fkilfufl bieto of the totone (tohich 10 almofi dl feateo bpon a 
 rockc) founo one place thereof mineable, DiDp?eftntIp fettoojkemen in^anotoithall; toho 
 after tlj^ee Dapes labour (anD the feuenth after toe toere entreD the bate totone) haD Dcodcd t Ije te 
 potober, but inoecD not farr? enough, into tlje toall, %amft toljtcfj time tlje b^eaclj mm bp the 
 
 canra 
 
Tbe Tortugailipoyage. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 14.1 
 
 canon U cine- thought aCTauItable , ano companies appomteo as tuell to enter tbe Tame , as that 
 tobicb teas erpecteD fljoulo be blotoen bp bp tljc mine t namelp , to that of the canon , Captaine 
 Richard Wingfield, ano Captaine Philpqc, tebo lean the ©encrals foot-compame , tottb tebotn 
 alfo Captaine Yorke tocnt,tobofc pjincipall commanDmcnt toas otter the bojfe men. 9no to that 
 oftrje Sppne, Captaine Iohn Sampfon , ano Captaine Anthonie Wingfield Lieutenant Colo- 
 nellto tbc Spatter of the ©finance ,toitb certatne felecteo out of Diuers Regiments, ail tljefe 
 companies being in armcs.ano tlje affault tntenDeD to be gtuen in alplaces at an inftant.fite teas 
 pttttotbetrameof tbe mine; but bp reafontbepoteDcttyake outbackctoarDsinaplacetobere 
 ttjf caur toas mane too bigb.tftere coulD be nothing Done in either place fo? tbat Dap. During this 
 tune Captatne Hinder teas fenttoitbfomecbofen out of euerp companp tntotl;c countrcpfuj 
 p jouiftoiis, tebereof be brought in gooD fto?c, anD returneo toitrjout loffe. 
 
 I^benert Dap Captaine AmhonySampfontoasfentouttoitbfome jootofetcbinpjouifiona 
 fo? the atmp, tebo teas encountreo bp tbcm of tbe countrep, *ut be put them to flight, am> rctttr* 
 hcd teitb gooo fpoilc. Ebe fame nigbt tbe Cpiners toerefet to too?ke againe, tobo bp the fecono 
 DapafterbaDto?ougbtbcrpteellintotbefounDationoftbetoaIl. 9gaintt tobicb time tbe compa= 
 nicB afojefapDbeingm rcaDincffcfojbotb places (<£5cnerall Drake on tbe otljer fioctuitrj ttoo o j 
 t!>?ee ljuno?co men itiptnneffes , making p?offer to attempt a ftrong fo?t bpon an 31ano before 
 tbetotonc, tobere be left mo?e then tljirtp men) fire toas giuen to the traine of tbe mine, tobicb 
 bleto bp balfe tbe totoer bnoer tobicb tbe poteDer teas plantcD. €be affailants Ijauing in charge 
 tipontbc effecting of the mine pjcfcntlp to giue tbe affault, perfo?mcD it acco^Dingfp ; but too 
 foone : fojbaitmg cntreo tbe topoftljc breach, the otberbalfeoftbe totoer, tobicb toitb the firft 
 fo jeeof tbe poteDer teas onelp fljaken anD maoe loofc , fcllbpon our men : buDcr tobicb toere btt= 
 rieo about ttocntp o? thirtp , tljenbcing bnoertbatpartoftbe totoer. , EhiBfoam«?CDourmen 
 that ttooD in t!je b?eacb,not knoteing from tobence tbat terro? came, as tljep fo?foo1te their Com- 
 manDeis , auDlcfttljem among the ruinesoftbeminc. ^bcttooC^iGgnesof ©enerailDrake 
 ano Captaine Anthony wingfield toere fijot in the breach > but tbetr colours toere rcfcueD : tbe 
 sEenerals bp Captaine Sampfons Lieutenant, anD Captaine Wingficlds bp himfelfc, &mongff 
 tbcm that tbe toall fell upon, teas Captaine Sydenham pttifuUpIoff; tob°bauingtb?eco?foure 
 great (tones bpon bis lotoer parts, toas Ijelo fo fall, as neither bimfelfe coulD flirre, no? anp rca-- 
 fotiable companp recoucrhim.. jftottoitbttanDing the nejet Dap being founD to be aliue, there toa$ 
 ten o? ttoeiue lofl in attempting to relieue him, 
 
 %l)tb)eacl) maoe bp tbe canon toas tooonoerfulIptoeHaffauIteobp them tbat bao tbe charge 
 thereof, tobo bjougbt tbetr men to tbe puft) of the pike at the top of the b?eaclj. &no being rcacp 
 to enter, the ioofe earth (tobicb teas tnoeeDbut therubbiujoftbeoutfiDeof tbe toall) toitljtbe 
 toetgbt of them tbat toere tbereon flippeb outtoaros from bnoer their feetv^bcrebp DiD ap^ 
 peare balfe the toall bnbattercD, jfo? let no man tbinfee tljat cnluerin o? semp-canon can fuffi* 
 ctentlp batter a Defenftble rampire : ant of tbofe pieces tobicb toe bao ; the better of tbe oem?* 
 canons at tbe feconD Ibot b?ake in her carriages, fo as the batterp toas of leffe fo?ce,being but of 
 tbjee pieces. 
 
 3!n our retreat (tobich toas from bofh breaches tho?oto a narroto lane) toere manp of our men 
 hurt: anoCaptatneDolphiii.tobofertteDberptoelltbatDap, teas butt ihtbeuerptycaclj. ®be 
 failing of tbis attempt, intbe opinion of alltbebeboloers, ano offucb as toere of betxiuDgcmenr, 
 tons tbe fall of the mine; tobicbbaODoubtleffefucceeDCD, the rather, becaufe the app?ocb teas 
 tmlookeD foj bp tbe enempin that place, ano therefore not to much Defence maoe there as in tbe a- 
 tber ; tobicb maoe the doenerall grote to a neto refolution : fo? fintitng tljat ttoo Dapes batterp bao 
 fo little beaten tbeir toall, anD that he haono betterp?eparation to batter totthall : he feneto in bis 
 erperience, there toas no gooo to be Done that toap ; tobicb 31 thinke be firft put in pjoofe, to trie if 
 bp that terroj he coulo get tbe bppcr totone , bauingno other toap toput it in ba??aro fo fpeeoilp, 
 ano tobicb in mp conf ctence bao obtaineD tbe totone,bab not the ocfenoants bene in as grc at peril! 
 of tbeir hues bp the Difpleafure of their king in giuing it bp.as b^ the bullet a} ftuojo m DcfenDing 
 the fame, jfo? tljat Dap befojetbe affault, in the weto ofourarmp, tbepburntacloiffertoithin 
 the totene,anD manp other boufes aoiopning to the cattle, to make it moje Defenftble : tebercbp it 
 appeareo boto little opinion tbemfelues baD of boloingit agatnff US, IjaD not Opod (teljo toottlo not 
 batte bs fuDBcnlp maoe pjottD) lapeD tbat miffojtune bpon bs» 
 
 ©erebp it map appearc,tba«be foure canons, ano ot^erptecescf batterp piomtfcD to the iour* 
 nep.ano not perfo?meD,might haue maoe her 9paicftp miffreffe of tl;e Groine:fo? tljough tbe mine 
 toere infojtttnate , pet if tlje other b?cacb bao bene fucb as tbe earth tooulD baue bclo out men 
 tbereon, 3 uoe nottbinkebuttljep baD entreDtttho?otelpattbe firtt affault gitten : tebtcbbaD 
 bene mo?e ttjen a baue bearD of in our age, 9nD being a.s it toas » is no moje then the l^?ince of 
 
 Parma 
 
14.2, The Englifh Voyages,Nauigatioris, Tbe Tortugahoiage. 
 
 Parma bat b tn tuiumnct, of all Ijig totones cuDtirco, toijc ncttcr cntrcD anp plate at tlje fittf affault, 
 no? aboue tb?ec tip affault, 
 
 Cbeuert Dap tlje ©enerall beating bp a pnfoner tbat toas bjougljt m,tljar tljc Conde de An- 
 drada l)aD affcmblefl an acinic of eight tijoufanB at Puencede Burgos, Grcmtles from trjence in 
 tlje map to Petance, tobicb toas but tbe beginning of an atmie ; in tljat tljere toas a greatct lea* 
 ttie reabie to come tbitbet bnber tlje Conde de Altemira, either in purpofe to relteue tbe Gtoine, 
 o? to encampc tbemfelues necre tbe place of out embarking, tljete to binoer tbe fame ; fo? to tljat 
 purpofe bab tlje marqueffe of Seralba umtten to tljcm botlj tlje firff night of our Iarfrimg, as tbe 
 Commtflarie taken tljen confcffeD^ j at tlje ieaft to Cop our further entrance into tbe Countrcp, 
 (fo? curing tins time, there toere manp incurttons maoe of tb?ce o? foure bum>?eD at a time, tobo 
 burnt/popleD.anDbjottgbtinbictualsplentifuHp) tbcdSenerall, 3|fap,ljeating oftljis armie, 
 baD in purpofe the nert Dap follotoing to bifitecbem, agapnft inborn bee carico but nine Eegi* 
 ments: intbebantgarp toere tbe &cgtment of g>tr Roger Williams, g>ir Edward Norris, 
 anoColoneUSidney : in tbe 13attaile, that of the ©eneraU,of Colonell Lane,anb CoIonelMed- 
 kerk: anbtntbeKeretoarD,§>irHenrieNorris, Colonell Huntley, ana Colonell Brets Kegi« 
 ments; leaning tbe otberfiite Regiments tuitlj ©encrall Drake, to? tbe guaro of tbe Cioitter 
 ano artillerte ♦ about ten of tbe clocke tbe nert Dap, being tijcOjct of Spap, balfe a milefrom tbe 
 campe,toe Difcouering tbe cnemp, star Ed ward Norris,toljo commanDco tlje bantgarD in cbiefe, 
 appointeD bis Lieutenant Colonell Captaine Anthonie Wingfield to commano tbe ujot of tbe 
 fame , tobo Diuioco tljem into tlj?ee ttoups ; tlje one be appointeD to Captatne Middleton to be 
 conoucteD tn a toap on tbe left Ijano : anotber to Captaine Erington to take tlje toap on tlje riglje 
 rjano , ano tbe boop ef tljem (tobicb toere spttfqueciers) Captatne Wmgfield tookeljimfeffe, 
 keeping tbe Direct toap of tlje marclj. 13ut tbe toap taken bp Captaine Middleton met a little 
 before toitb tlje map Ijelo bp Captatne Wingfield, fo as be giuing tlje firff cljavge bpon tbe ene= 
 mp , toas in tbe intrant feconocDbp Captaine Wingfield , toljo beat tljem from place to place 
 (cljep bailing berp gooo places of Defence, anb crofic toalles toljicbtljep might IjauebclD long) 
 tilltbep bctocke tbemto tljcir b?ibge, toljitlj is oucr acrccke commingout of tlje stiea, builocD of 
 ffone bpon arcbes. ©n tlje foot of tbe furtber floe toljereof , lap tbe Campe of tlje cnemp berp 
 fironglp entrencbeb. tobo toitb our ujot beaten to t!;e furtber enboftlje b?ibge, <§>ir Edward 
 Norris tnarcljtng in tbe point of tlje pikes, toitbout flap pafleDto tbeb?ioge, accompanicDtoitlj 
 Colonell Sidney, Captaine Hinder, Captaine Fulford, anDDiuersotbers, tobofounD tbe toap 
 cleareouertbefame, buttb?ougbanincreoiblebollep of fbot; fo?tbattbeujotoftljeirannpflan» 
 keb bpon botb Goes of tbeb?ioge, tbe further enotobereof toasbarricabeb toitb barrels: but 
 tbeptoboujoulDbaueguatDeDtbefame,feeingtbepjouDapp?ocb toe maoe, fo?fooketljebcfence 
 of tijebarricaDe, toljere Sir Edward eritercD, anb cbargtng tlje firffbefenbanttoitbbispiKe, 
 toitbberpearnerfneu5finouertb?uftmg, fell, ano teas gricuoutlpburt attbeftoo?bintbebeab, 
 but toasmofibonourablp refcueobp tlje 6cncrnll his biotbcr, accompanteo toitb Colonell Sid- 
 ney , anb fome otber gentlemen ; Captaine Hinder alfo batting bis Cafke ffjoc off , bao fiue 
 toounos in tlje beaDanDfaceattljcftoo?D : anb Captaine Fulford toas {hot into tlje leftarmcat 
 tlje fame encounter j pet toere tbcp fo tljo?otolp fcconoeD 8p tlje ©enerall, toljo tb?ufl bimfclfe fo. 
 necre to giuc encotiragcmenttti tlje attempt (tobicbroasoftoooDcrfullbiffitultp) ag ttjett fa?a« 
 uett men tljat oefenDeb tljat place being ottertbjotoen , tfjeir toljolc armp fell p?efentlpinto rout, 
 
 «rrft owntni of to ^ om ottc mttt ^ atl ti)t c ^ tIj?ce ,tliieg m ^ ucc u,nt, ?! , to apes , toljiclj tljep betooke tbctn* 
 totD'e&p'nV fcluesbnto* ?Cberetoas taken tbe &tanDero toitb tljcEings amies $ anDbontebefo?etbe<Se* 
 deE!r»os Pui:me nera, '» J&otomanpttootboufanDinen (fo?of fo manp conftdcB our bantgarD) migljtkillm pur* 
 fttit of foure fitnD?ppartic«!,fo manp pott map imagine fell befojebs tljat Dap, 3no to make tbe 
 number moje great, ourmenbauinggiuen oucr tlje erccttt ion, ano returning tot IjcirttanDcs, 
 founo manp biDDcn in tbe JUineparbs anD Ijcbges , tobicbtb^P Difpatcljeo, 9lfo Colonell Med- 
 kerktoas Cent toitlj bis regiment tbjee miles furtber to a Cloiflcr , tobicb be burnt ano tpoileb, 
 toberein be founb ttoo buno^ea mo je,f put tljem to tbe ftoojD. ^Ijere toere flaine in tljis figbt on 
 rjurttDeonelp Captaine Cooper, anb one pjiuatefoulDier; Captaine Banontoas alfo burtbp* 
 ontbeb^iDgeintbe epe. T3utbaDpoufcenetbetcrongbaricaDcs tljepbaDmaoe on eitbtrCocof 
 tljebxiDge , ano Ijoto fironglp tbcp lap encamped thereabout? , pou toottto Ijattecbought it arare 
 refolution of ours to gitte fo b?aue a charge bpon an armp fo fironglp lobgeb, 9ftcr tbe furie of 
 tbe execution, tbe ©enerall fent tlje bawgarb one toap, arm tlje battell anotber, toburneano 
 fpoile; fo as pott migljtbauefeene tbe coimtrepmo?etljcntlj?ee miles compalle on fire* "iZtbere 
 tons founn berp gooo floj c of munition ano btccuals tn tlje Campe, fome plate anD rich apparell, 
 tobiclj tbe better fo?t left bebinoe , tbep toere fo botlp purfueb. flDur failers alfo lanbeb in an 31' 
 JanD nertabiopning to our lbtjps,tobere tbep bucnt anbfpoilcb all tljepfottnD* %$«& toe returneai 
 
— __imrnw imi ~ ' ri in i -r~~ -^^— ^— - — — - ■ ■■ i »___^j_i_.»M»ni ■ ^^mr~~^ 
 
 *Tbe Tortugalllpqyage. Traffiques,and Difcoueries. 14; 
 
 to the Groinc, bunging finall comfojt to the enemp toitbm the fame, toljo ujot manj time? at bs 
 a? toe marchea out 5 but not once in out comnu'nrjj backe agauic* 
 
 djenercaaptoas fpentin chipping out artillerp lanaca fo? tlje battcrp, anacf thcnfl taken 
 at the Gtoine, tobicb Ijao it bene fuel; as might baue giuen bs anpaffurance of a better bat terp, c? 
 Ijaa there bene no other purpofe of our iottmep but that, 31 tljinlie the C3au ralltooula Ijauc fpent 
 fome moie time in tlje fiege of tlje place. 
 
 Cbc ttooiattnigbes, there lucre that bnaertooke to firetljeljigbertotoneinoncplacc , toljere 
 the boufes toere builDcDbpMitrjetoallbpthetoaterfiDe; but tbcptoittn'nfufpectingasrrutcb, 
 maoe fo gooa Defence againtt bs,ag tbep pjcuentea tlje fame, 3n cur Departure there toas fire put 
 into euerp Ijoufc of tlje Xolu totonc , infomttclj as 31 map tufllp fnp , tljere toas not one houfc left 
 flawing intbebafetotone, o?tljccloitter. 
 
 -She nert bap, being tbe eight offlpap, toecmbarkenoutarmptottbotttlotreofaman, tnljtcfj 
 (IjaD toe not beaten the cntmp at Puentede Burgos) baa bene impotftble to Ijaue Bone; fo?tbac 
 toitbont Doubt tljep tooulD Ijaue attemptea fomc tljing againtt bs in our imbar lung; : as appear ea 
 tp the report of the Committarp afo?efapa, tobo confcfteD, that tlje firtt night of our lancing the - 
 gjrjarcjUCSS of Ser3lba tojit to the Coitdcde Altemira,tbe Conde de Andrada , anD to Tenuis de 
 Santidb, to b?ing all tlje fo?ccs againtt bis that tljep could poffible raife, thinking no toap fo gcoaf 
 to affure tljat placets to b?mg an armp tbitljer.toberctoitball tljep might cither befiege bs in thcic 
 bafecotone, iftoenjoulDgetir,ojtoIiebcttoceneb0anDotirplaceofimbarRtng,tofigljttoitljb3 
 Upon the aouantage ; fo? tljep baa aboue 1 5 000 foufoicrs bnDcr their commanBements. 
 
 9fter toe ljaa put from tljence,toe baa the toinDe fo eontrarp,as toe coulc not bnoer nine aapes 
 reconertlje Burlings : m tobicb paflagcciulje tljirteentlj Bap the Carle of Efiex, anDtoitljhim 
 9^» Walter DeucreuxljiSb?otl;cr (a ©cntleman of tooonDerfuU great Ijcpe) Sir Roger Willi- 
 ams Colonell generatt of tlje footmen , Sue Philip Butler , toljo Ijath altoapes bene mott intoaro 
 toub him, ana Sir Edward Wiogfield, came into tlje fleet* llje Carle Ijauing put Ijimfdfe in* 
 to tlje iournep againtt tlje opinion of the too?la , ana as it fcemea to the ha? jaro of his great fo?« 
 tune, though to the great aDuancement of his reputation, (fo? as tlje honourable cariage of Ijmt- 
 felfe totoaros all men aoth make him Ijighlp eflecmca at home ; fo Dia his ercceaing fo?toarD* 
 neffe in all feruiccs make bim to be tooonacrcD at amongH bs) toljo , 31 fap , put off intbc fame 
 toinDe frcmFalmouth, tljat toe left Plimmouth in, toljere Ije lap, becaufc be tooulD auoia tlje tm» 
 pojtunitp of meffengers tbat toere oaplp fent fo? his returne, ana fome other cattfes mo?e fecree 
 to himfelfe, not knotoing (as it fcemeo) tobat place the ©cneralg yurpofea tolano in , Ijaa bene 
 as farce as Cadiz in Andaluzia, ano lap bp ana Dotone about the South Cape, toljere Ije tooke 
 fome fljips laocntottlj come, ana b?ougf)t them bnto tlje fleet, SUfo in Ijis returne from thence to 
 meettoithoutfleet,rjcfelltoitljtlje3iIanDSofBayon;anDontljatfiDeoftheriuertoljichCar)Da9 
 ftanDctb bpon, he,toitlj Sit Roger Williams, ana tljofc ©cntlemen that toere toithljim toenc on 
 Cjo?e, toith fome men out of tlje ujtp Ije toas in,tofjom tlje enemp, tljat Ijelo guara bpon tljat coaff, 
 tooula not abioe, but Sea bp into the countrep, 
 
 <Cbe 1 6 Dap toe lanaea at Peniche in P6rtugall , bnaer tlje ftjot of tlje cattle , ana aboue tlje 
 luaffe in toater,mo?etljen a mile from tlje totone,tohereinmanptocre in perill ofa?otoning, bp 
 reafon the toinDe toas great, ana tlje fea toent biglj, toljiclj oucrtljjeto one boat, toljerein fiueana 
 ttoentpofCaptaine Dolphins men periujeo, ^he enemp being fitte companies of Spaniaros: 
 toiDer tlje commanoement of tlje Conde de Fuentes , fallieo out of tlje totonc agatnff bs , ana in 
 outlanaingmaae tljcir app^ocb dole bp tlje toater ttoe, TrJtit tlje Carle of Effex toitlj Sir Roger 
 Williams,anD tjisb jotljcr, hauinglanoeD fufficient number to make ttoo troups,left one to Ijoloc 
 the toap bp the toatet fioc, ana lea tlje otljer ouer the Sanaljils ; toljich the enemp feeing, D?eta 
 tljcirs liketoife furtlje r into tlje lanD ,• not, as toe coniectur ea.to encounter bs,bttt inot eo to make 
 tljcir fpeeop palfage atoap : nottoitljffanDing , tljep aia it in fuclj fo?t, as being cljargen bp ours 
 toljiclj toere fent out bp the Colonell generallbnaer Captainelackfon, tljcpffooatlje fameeucn 
 to tlje pufb of the pike : in toljiclj cljarge ano at thepuflj, Captaine Robert Piew toas flaine, ^he 
 enemp being fleo furtljcr then toe baa reafon to folloto them , all our companies toere D?atocn to 
 tbttotonc; toljiclj being bnfo?tifieainanp place, toefouno bnaefenacabp anpmauagainffbs. 
 3na therefore tlje (Senerall caufeo tlje caffle tobefummonea that night; tobich being abanoo* 
 neabpljimthat commanaeait , a ^ojtugallnamea Antonio de Aurid, being potfttfea thereof, 
 Defireo but to be affurea tljat Don Antonio toas lanoea , toberc upon Ije toouloacliurrthe fame ; 
 toljiclj Ije Ijoncfllp pcrfo?meD t ^[jerc toas taken out of the cattle fome bunDjcD (hot ano pikes s 
 toljich Don Emanuel furnifljeD Ijis po?tttga!s toitljall, ana ttoentp barrels of potoDcr 5 fo as pof- pmiche tafcem 
 fctting both tlje totone ano tlje cattle, toe rettea tljcreoneaap; toljerein fome jf tiers ana other 
 joo}emencamebntotheirnetoking,p?ominnginthenameoftbcircountrpnertaaiopning,tl]at 
 
 toitljin 
 
V 
 
 14.4. The Englifti Voyages^auigations^heTortugahoiage* 
 
 lDtchin cboo oapes ljc fljoulD baue a gooo fupplp of bo?fe ano f oote fo? bis affiftame, ^Lhat Dap tee 
 remaineo tljcre, the (Sencrals cotnpanp of hc?rcs lucre bnftjt'ppeD. 
 
 Che<Scnerals there fullprcfolucD, that the anniefljculo march ouer Ianoto Lisbonebn* 
 Bet the conottct cf dScnerall Norris; ano tljat (Senerall Drake fljoulD meetc Ijim in tberiucr thee* 
 of tot't!) the Jf Icete ; that there fboulo ye one Company of foote left in same of the Cal!Ie,anD Bice 
 trt the fljips s alfo that the fickc 9 hurt fljouic rcmatne there niitlj pjoutCong fo? their cures* 'Che 
 6enerall,to trie ttjeeuencof the matter bp erpeoition, the ncrt Dap beganne to march in this 
 fejt : hi0 atone Regiment, atn> tlje Regiment of hit Roger Williams , §>ir HenrieNorris , Co» 
 lonell Lane, anD ColoncII Medkerk,in the bantgarO: <SeneraII Drake,Colonell Deuereux g>ir; 
 Edward Norris,aiiD Colonel! Sidneis in the battelltgnr lames Hales,g>ir Edward Wingfield, 
 Colonell Vmpcons,CoIoneU Humlies,anD Colonell Brets tn tlje arreretoaro. 15p tljat time cut 
 atmp bias thus marujalfco, (Senerall Drake, although bee toere topaffebp <§ca, pet to make 
 knotnen tlje honourable oefire he bao of taking erjuall part of all fortunes toitlj bs , Qooo bpon tlje 
 sfent of anljill , b^> the bobich our battalions nntft of ncceffitp marclj, ano toith a pleaGng kino* 
 neue ccoke his leaue fetterallp of the Ccmmanocrs of euerp regiment, uiiujing bs all mod bappg 
 fucccu"einoaricurnepoucrtljelauD,toithaconffantp?omifethat[jctooulD 3 iftt)einiurpoftlje 
 toieatljcroionotbittDerbtm.mectbsincbcriueroELisbon un'tb our fleet. 'Erjeuiant ofcariagess 
 the firtl Dap teas fucb,as thep toere enfo jccd to carp tljeir munition bponmens backs, tobiclj bias 
 tlje nert Dap rcmeotco. 
 
 3!n tljis march Capcainc Crifpe thel|3?ot;oir S©arffjaH caufcDotietoho (contrarp totfjc*p?fl* 
 tlamattoir pttfalifijco at our arriuall in Portugal)) bao bjoken bp an Ijoufe fo? pillage, to be ban* 
 geo,bJtththe caufe of his Death bponbisbjeatLin theplacebobere the act teas committeD : toi,ich. 
 gooo eramp!ep?ouioentIpgiuen itulje beginning of our marcij,caufeo tlje ccmmauDcmcnt tote 
 mojerefpcctiulp rcgarDCOfillthctournep after, bp tbcmtohomfeareofpumujmcntDoetrjorielp 
 IjolDe Uiithin compaffe, dje campe loogeD thac night at Lorinha : the nert Dap toe IjaD intclli* 
 gencealltljeuiap , tljat the enemp baomaDeheaDofho?fe anofoocagamttbsat Torres Vedras, 
 toihichtoetboughtthepttioulo hauehelo J but comming thither tlje fecono cap of our marclj, not 
 tUiohoures befo?e our bantgnto came in, thep left the tottmeano tlje cattle to tlje poffeffion of 
 Don Antonio. 
 
 'Eljcre began thegrcatefl inant roe Ijao of btctuals, efpeciallp of b?cao,bpon a commanDemenc 
 giucn from the <SencraH,-tljat no man fljoulo fpoile the counttep.o? take anp thing from anp 130?* 
 tttgalh tehiclj bias mo?e refpecttttelp obferucD,tben 3! tbtnke ujoulo Ijaue bene in our ouine coun* 
 trep,amongli our ouine frienos ano kinD?eb : but the countrep (contrarp to pjomifc) uiljollp ncg« 
 lectcb the pjouifion of bictuals fo? b0 5 tohercbp bae biere Djiuen fo ; that time into a great fcarBtp. 
 aaJUjt'clj moottcb the Colonell generall to call all tlje Colonels together, ano toitlj them to aDuife 
 foj fome better courre fo? our people : toljo tljougljt it bet?, firlt to abuertife tlje king tohat neccf* 
 Btpl8etecrein,bcfo?etoefljoulDofourfeluesaltertljefirainltitutionofabflinencc. CheColo= 
 uell gencrallbauitigacciuainteo tlje (Bencrall herewith, uiitljhisberp gooo aHotnance thereof, 
 tueut to t ijektng ; tolja after fome erpofiulationsbfcD,tooke the moje carefutl o?Dec fo? our men, 
 ano after tljat our atmp bias mo?e plentifullp relieuen,. 
 
 •<E-hetljtrDDaptoc .'oDgeo cur annpintl)?eefunD?p billagcs, the one battalion Iping in Exa- 
 
 rama de los Caualleros, atlOtljer in Exarama do Obispo, anD tlje thitO in San Sebaftian. 
 
 Captaine Yorkctoljo tommanoeDtlje <Seneralsljo?fecompanp, intljismarchmaDetriatTof 
 thebalouroftheljo?femenofthcenemp;uiljobponeofljisCo?po?aIschargcDuiitljeigljtljo?res 
 tho joui 40 of them, 9 himfetfe tljo?obi moje then 200 toich fome fojtp ho?fes : toljo toottlo abtae 
 hint no longer then thep coulo make toap from him. 
 
 ■sahe nert Dap uie marcljcD to Lores,ano IjaD Diners intcliigenres tljat tlje entmp tooulD tatp bs* 
 there : fo? the CarDinall IjaD maoe pttblique p?omife to them of Lisbon, tljat he nioulD fight toit Ji 
 bs in that place, Uiljiclj he might rjaue Done aDttantageoutTp; fo?tuehaD ab?iDpjetopaffeouer tit 
 the fame place : bntbefo?eour comminojheDitToDgeD, notun'tbfianDingitappeareDbntobscljac 
 he tjao tn putpofe to eucampe tljcre ; fo? toe founo tlje grounb CafetD out lchere tljeir trenches 
 fljoulDhatte bencmace : anD tljeir bo?rementamh fbmcfebj (hot IbetoeDthcmfeluesbpon an hill 
 at our commiug into tljat billage; toljom S>ir Henry Norris (nihofe regiment IjaD tlje point of 
 the bantgaro) thought to D?sto bnto fome fight, anD tberfo?e marchcD toithottt founo of D?umme, 
 anD fomebibac fatter tljen o?Dinarp , tljerebp to get neerc tljem befo?clje lucre DifcoucrcD , fo? he 
 irjaauj.iDobieDfromtljcm bp an IjiH tljat bias bettoeenchim anD them : but befoje he coulo Djaba 
 bis companies anp thing nccre.tbep retireo. 
 
 (Seneral Drakes regiment tljat night, fo? the commobitp of gooo Ioogtng,D?cto themfclucs in* 
 to abillagcmojetbenone iffingliuj mile from tljcnce,ano ncere the enemp ; iuljo nctoaritig to to 
 
 ang 
 
ThcT.ortugahoiage. Traffiques and Difcouei ies. fcj.5 
 
 anp tljmg againtt w in foure napes befojrc , tooketbat ctccaftan , ano in ujcnert mo?nmgfcll 
 Dotone v>pontbat regiment, crpmg, Viua elReyDon Antonio„tohiebtoas agenerall falutation 
 tljojoto all tlje £ountrcp as cljcp came : tobom out poong <S>oulDKrs (tbougb it toere epon tbeir 
 guaro, anD before tbe toatcb toere DifcbargeD) began tcrentertaine kinDlp, but Ijauing got toitbm 
 ttjcir guaro, tljep fell to cue cljcrtr tlj?oatg : but tbe alarme being taken tntoaros, tbe officers of tbe 
 ttoonett Companies, tobofeCaptaincs (<£aptaincSydnam anD Captaine Young) toerelntclp 
 oeaonttbeGroine, bjougbt Dotone tbeir colours ano pikes topon tbeminforefolutemaner, as 
 tljeppjerentlp o^aue tljem to retire toitlj loffc: tbep killeD of ours at tljeic fistt entrance fonrteene, 
 anDburtGreojfeuen. 
 
 %[)t ncrt Dap toe loDgcD at Aluelanatoitfjin thjee miles of Lisbon, toljrre manp of our foulDt* 
 ersDjjnkmginttooplacesoflranDingtoarecs bp tbetoap toere poifoncD, ano thereon pjcfentlp 
 oicD. Some do tbinke t't came rattjer bp eating of rjonp, toljicb tbep found m tbe boufes plentiful 5 
 tp, 33ut toljctljer it toere bp toater o? bp Ijonp, tbe pooje men mere poifoneo, 
 
 •SLljat ntgbt tlje Carle of Eflex, anD s§>tc Roger Williams toent out about elctten oftlje clocke 
 toitb 1 000 men to lie in ambufcade neere tbe totone, ano bauing lapeD tlje fame betp necre, fatt 
 fome to gine tbe alarme unto tlje enemp : toljicb toas toellpetfojmeo bp tbem tfjat Ijao tlje cbarge 
 t!jecfof,btit tlje enemp rcfufeD to iffue after tbem,fo as tbe Carle returtieD affoone as it toas Ugbt 
 toitbout Doing anp tljfitg, rljougbbeljadinpurpore, ano toJas reanptoljaucgtuen an honourable. • 
 tbarge on tbem. 
 
 <Ibe 2 5 ofS9ap tn tbe eucning toe came to tlje fuburbs of Lisbon : at tbe berp entrance toljere* 
 of &ir Roger Williams calling Captaine Anthony Wingfield toitrjljtm, tooke tbirtp fijot oj 
 thereabouts, anofirtt TcotojeDall tlje flreets till tbep came toerp necre tbe totone; toljeretljcp 
 found none but oloe folks and beggerS, crping, Viua el Rey Don Antonio, and tbe boufes ibut 
 top :fo?thepbao carted muclj oftijeirtoealtb into tlje totone,anDbaDfireD fome boufes bp tlje toa« 
 ter Goe,fulI of cojne anootber pjouiftong of Dictuals 3 Ieau toe ftjoulD be benefited tljerebp,but pec 
 left beljinoe tbem great rubes in manp Ijouf es. 
 
 ^Ije fottre regiments tbatljaD tlje Dantgarotljat Dap, taujtcb toere Colonell Deuereux, S»tc 
 Edward Nonis, Colonell Sidneys, and ©cnerall Drakes (toljoma name as tbepmarrheD) tbe 
 Colonell general! caufco to Ijoloe guarD tn tbe necreff flreets of tbe Suburbs: tlje battell aim tbe 
 atretoatd ttooo in armes all tbe nigbt in tbe fielD necre to Alcantara. ISefoje moping Captaine 
 Wingfield, bp Direction from tbeColonell general! SiirRoger Williams, belD guars toitb §>ic 
 EdwaidNorns bis regiment intb?ee places Derp necre tbe totone toall, anDfo belo tbe fame till 
 tlje otljer regiments came in tbe mooting, about miDiugbt tljep toitljintljetotone burnt all tljeir 
 rjDuftstbatftooDrjpontljeir toall cither tottbino?toitbout,lea8 toe poffeffingtljemiiiitgbttljere-- 
 iip grcatlp Ijaue nnnopec tlje totone. 
 
 %l)Z ncrt moaning §>ir Roger Williams nttempteo (but not tottljout petit) to take a Cljurclj 
 calleo S. Antonio, tobicb topneo to tlje toall of tlje toane, anDtooulD Ijaue bene a uetp cuill neigh* 
 tojto tbe totone:buttbeencmp bautng mojeealleentrp into it tbentoe.gaineD it before bs.'Clje 
 reft of tbat morning toas tpeni in quartering tbe battell anD arreretoaro in tbe Suburbs calleo 
 Bona Vifta,ano in placing ^ufquetters in boufeg,to front tbeir ujot upon tbe toall,toljo from tlje 
 fiimefcotoiCD tljegreat flreets berp Dangcroufip. 
 
 •Bp tljis time our men being tljojotolp toearp toitlj our fire oapes marcb, ano tbe laft nigbts 
 luatcb, tocrc DeGrousof reft ; toljereoftlje enemp being aDtiertifeD, about one oj ttoo of tbe clocks 
 fallieD out of tlje totone, ano maDe tbeir app?ocbm tljjee feucrall Erects upon ug , luitcljierlpin 
 Colonell Brets quartentobo (asmottoftbearmptoas) being at rett, toitbasmucljfpeeoasbe 
 coulo, D?eto bis men into armes, anD maoe beaD agamtt tbem fo tbojotolp, as Ijimfelf e toas flaine 
 in tlje place, Captaine Carfey ujot tljojoto tlje tljigb., of toljicb bnrt be died toitljin foure Dapes af* 
 ter, (Captaine Carre Haine pjefentlp, anD Captaine Caueburt (but notmo?tallp)tobotoereall 
 of bis regiment. 
 
 ■^bis refinance maDe aftoellbcrc , as in otljer quarters tobere Colonell Lane anD Colonell 
 Medkerk commanoeD, put tljcm to a fuDDenfoule retreat; infomuclj, as tbe Carle of Eflex ban 
 flic dj.ifc f the; neucu to tbe gates of tbe bigb totone, toberem tbep left bebitiDe tbem manp of 
 their bell CommanDcrs : tbeir tcoupeof botfemen alfo came out ,but being cbargeD bp Captaine 
 Yorke.toitljCjetotbemfclucSagaine.CpanpoftbfmalfoIefttljeffrcetSjanDbetooketbemtobou* 
 fes toljicb tljep founD open : fo; tlje Sergeant mato j Captaine Wilfon tlelo in one houfc toitlj \)i& 
 ptone hands tlj;ce o i fouce,anD caufcD tljem tljat tocrc toitb bim to kill manp otbers. Eljca lolTe 
 31 canaffure pou did triple otirs.afuiellin qtialitp as in quantitp. 
 
 During our marcljto tbisplace,Q3enerall Drake toitlj tlje toljole fleet toas come into Cafcais, 
 a»D pofleffcD tlje totone toitljout anp refinance s manp of tlje inljamtants at tbeir Difcouery of out 
 
 Nna nan?, 
 
i^6 The English VoyagcsJ>lauig3itioris,Tbe c PortugaLyoiage. 
 
 naup, fleooetoitbtbeirbaggage into the mountaines, atiD left the totone fo?anp man that tooulo 
 poflelTe it , till (Senerall Drake fent bnto them bp a T^ojtwgall plot tohicb be &ae on boo?o , to 
 offer tbem all peaceable kinoneffe, fo farre foojtlj as tbe.p tooulo accept of their JRing, ano mini* 
 Get neceffaries to tbe arm? be bao b?ougbt ; tobicb offer tbep iopfullp imb?aceo,ane pjefentlp fent 
 ttoo cbtcfe men of ibeir totone , toflpifietheirlopaltpto Don Antonio, anotbeirbonettaffecti* 
 ons to our people. ZZX ber eup on tbe <3 c n crall lanoeo his companies not farre from tbe Clo iflec 
 calleo San Domingo,but not toitljout pcrill of tbe u)ot of tbe caflle.tobicb being guarDeO toitb 65 
 fijp aniar 9 , belli fli.Il againfl bim. 
 
 as our fleet toere catting ancre toben t&ep came firfl into tbat roao , tbere toas a fmall Gjip of 
 Brafil tbat came from tbence,tobieb bate toitb tbem, ano feemeo bp flrikingber failes.as though 
 (be tooulo alfo batte ancreo : but taking bet fitted otcafion boifco againe, ano tooulo bauc pafleo 
 up tbe riutr , but tbe ©encrall p?efenclp Oifcerning ber purpofe , fent out a pinneffe 0? ttoo after 
 ber, tobicb fo?ceo bet fti fuel) fo?t, as (be ran berfelfe bpon tbe Kocfes : all tbe men efcapeo out of 
 fjer,ano thelaDing(beincr, manp cbetts of fugar) toas maoe nothing tooo?tb,bp tbe fait ttater. 3n 
 bis going thither alfo, be tooke (bipsof the po?t of Portugall, tobicb mere fent from thence, toit& 
 fifteene otber from Pedro Vermendes Xantes Sergeant maio? of tbe fame plate , laoen toitb 
 men ano victuals to Lisbon : tbe refl tbat efcapeo put into Setuuel. 
 
 -Sbe nert cap it pleafeo ©enerall Norris to call all tbe Colonels together, ano to aoutfe toitb 
 tbem, tobether it toere mo?eerpeoient to tarp there to atteno the fo?ces of thef>o?tugallbo?fe 
 ano foot, tobereof the King bao maoe p?omife, ano to march fome conuenient number to Cafcais 
 to ft tcb our artillerp ano munition, tobicb toasall at our fljips, fauing tbat tobicb fo? the neccfliitp 
 oftheferuice toas b?ougbt along toitb bs • tohereunto, fome carieo atoap toitb tbe bainebope of 
 Don Antonio, that mofl part of tbe totone ttooo fo? bs, bele it beff to make our abooe there, an& 
 ano to feno fome 3 000 fo? our artillerp : pjomtfing to tbemfe lucs,tljat tbe enemp being toel bea* 
 ten tbe oap befo?e, tooulo mane no mo?e falltes : fome others (turjofe bnbeliefe toa* berpftrong 
 ofanp hope from the iPo?tugall) perftoaoeo rather to march tohoHpatoap.tbentobe anp longer 
 car rieo atoap toitb tbe opinion of things , tobereof tljere teas fo little appearance. Cbe <8cne= 
 tall not toilling to leaue anp occaGon of blotte to be lapco bpon bun fo? bis fpecop going from 
 tbence,no? to lofe anp mo?e timebp attenoing the hopes of Don Antoniojtotoe tbem,tbat tbougb 
 tbe crpeoition of Pottugall toere not the onelp purpofe of their iournep , but an aouenturc there- 
 in ( tobicb if it fucceeoeo p?ofperoufip , might make tbem fufficientlp ricb , ano tooonoerfull bo* 
 nourable) ano that tbep h .10 Bone fo much alreaop in triall thereof, as toljat eno foeuer bappeneo, 
 coulo nothing impaire tbeir creoits : pet inrcgaro of theJKings latt p?omife, thatheftjouto 
 baue that ntgbt 3000 men armeo of bis otone Countrep , be tooulo not fo? tbat nigbt oiflooge. 
 9no if tbep came, tbcrebp to make him fo flroug, that he might feno the like number fo? bis mu-- 
 nitton, be tooulo refolue to trie his fo?tune fo? tbe totone, 15ut if tbep came not , be founo it not 
 conuenient to oiuioe his fo?ccs, bp fencing anp to Cafcais, ano keeping a rcmainoer bebinoe, fi* 
 tbence be fato tbem tbe oap befo?e fo boloip fallp upon bis tohole armp , ano bneto that tbep toere 
 firongcrof&ouloiours armeo toitbin the totone, then he toas toitbout : anotbatbefo?eourre* 
 turne coulo be from Cafcais, tbeperpecteo mo?efuppuessfrom all places, of S>ouloiours : fo? 
 the Duke of Braganca , auoDon Francifco de Toledo toere lookeofo? toitb great reliefe» 
 {KLlbeteuponbtsconcluOontoas, tbat if the 3 000 p?omifeo came not that nigbt, tomarcbtohol* 
 Ip atoap the nertmo?ning. 
 
 3it map be here oemanoeo , \x>^ a matter of fo great moment ujoulo be fo flenocrlp regaroeo, 
 astbatthe©enerall ujoulo march toitb fuel) an armp againttfutb an enemp, befo?ebeknetoei* 
 ther the fulneffe of his otone flrengtl? , 0? certaine meanes bo&> be (boulo abtoe the place tohen be 
 IboulD cometoit. 221herein3lp?appou remembertbeDecreesmaoeintheCouncellatPeni- 
 che, ano confirmeo bp publique p?ote(!ation tbe firfl oapof our march, tbat our naup ujouto meet 
 bs in tbe rtuer of Lisbon, in tbe tobicb toas tbe tto?e of all cur p?ouifions, ano fo tbe meane of out 
 tariancein tbat place , tobicb came not , though toe continueo till toe ban no munition leftto en* 
 tertatne a berp fmall fight, me are alfo to confioer, that theiKingof Portugall (tobether carrien 
 atoap tottb imagination bp tbe aouerttfemeitts be receiueofrom the po?tugals,o? toilling bp anp 
 p?onufe to b?tng fucb an armp into bis Countrep , tberebp to put bis fojtune once mo?e in triall) 
 affiireo the (Senerall, that bpon bis firfl lanoing, there tooulo be a reuolt of bis fubiects : tobereof 
 there toas fome hope gtuen at our firfl entrp to Peniche , bp the maner of the pr eloing of tbat 
 totone ano f o?t, tobicb maoe tbe ©enerall tbinke it mofl conuenient fpeeoilp to marcb to the p?irr 
 cipall place , tberebp to giue courage to tbe reft of tbe Countrep. €Jjc 4f riers alfo ano tbe poo?e 
 people that came bnto him p?omifeo, tbat toitbin ttoo oapes the gentlemen ano otbers of the 
 Countrep tooulo come plenttfullp in : toitbin tobicb ttoo oapes camemanpmo?elp?iefls, ano 
 
 fome 
 
TbeTortugall^oyage. Traffiques,andDiTcoueries. 14.7 
 
 fomeberp felogcntlemcii on tjojCebacke ; but not til toe came to Torres Vcdrasitobcrctbep that 
 notco trje ■ rbutfc of things &oto tljep paCTen , might fometofoat Difcouer flje tocatmeiYe of that peo< 
 pWCljeretbeptookettoboapesmo??; ano at the eno thereof refcrreDljimtillourcomniingto 
 Lisbon, toitlj aflurancei that fo foone as our armp fboulo be feme tljerc ,aU the inhabitants tooulo 
 Jjc fo? tbe King ano.f all upon the Spaniards. 
 
 Sifter ttob nights tartance at Lisbon, tfje Kuig, as pou haue hcaro,p?omifco a fupplv of 3 000 
 foot,; ano fome ljo?fe ; but all bis appointments being erpireo, ctiento tbelattofanigbt, alibis 
 rjo?fe coul&not make a co?tte t of 40, no? bfe foot furniOj ttoo enfignes fullp , although tijcp caries 
 ttytt j f ottre colours : ano tbcfe tocre altogether fuel) as tbougbtto tnriclj themfelues bp tlje ru= 
 inedf their neighbours : fo? tljep committeo mo?e oifojoersin cuerp place tobcretoe camebp 
 fporfe, then anp of bur otone. 
 
 'SrjetSefterall-, as pou fee, Ijauing bonemo?e tfjcnbefo?e Ijiscomming out of England toas 
 reqtitre&bp tlje King, anOgtucncreDfttobismanpp?omifes, cucn to tlje b jeactj of cije Jaft , be 
 Deftfreb not to petftoaoe Ijim to Cap pet nine oapcslonger ; in tobich time Ije might baue engagca 
 fjtmfclfc further , then tottlj anp honour he coulo comeout of againe, bp attempting a totone fo?« 
 tifieb, tofjerein toere mo?e men armeo againffbs, then toe Ijao to oppugne them toitball, our ar= 
 tiller^ ano nutmtion being fifteene miles frombs, ano our men then Declining; fo? there toas* 
 tlje fitfl ffjeto of anp great fickeneffe amongff tljem* GUberebp it fecmctlj , that either Ijis pyela* 
 cp bio much abttfe hint in perftoaDing him te hopes , tobercof after ttoo 0? tb?cc oapes he fatu no 
 fcmblance :a? Ijeltkc a ftllp louer, tobop?omifctb bimfelfe fauo? bp impojttuttng a cop miflrclTe, 
 tfjottgfjt bp out long being befoje bjs totone , that in the enb taking pitp on him , tbcp tooulo lec 
 $tm in. 
 
 CSJljat eno the jf riers fcao bp follotofog him toitb fuel) Dcuoticn, 3 knoto not, but fure 31 am, 
 tfjc JLatrvoto refpite their homage till tbep might fee toliicb toap the btrtcjp toaulo ftoap; fearing 
 tofljctotfjcwfelues apparantlp unto him, leave the ^pamarb njottie after out Departure (iftoe ' 
 pjeuaileo not) tall tliem to account t pet fent tljep bnocr hanb mtfrages toljim of obcoience,therc= 
 bp to fauc their otone, if Ije became King ; but inbeeb bstg toell contcnteo to fee the gipar.iarDS 
 ano bs trpbp blotoes, tobo OjouIb carrp atoap the ctotonc, 3fo?tbep be of fo bafc a moulo, as 
 thep can serp toelfubicct themfelues to anp gouecnmcnt,'toherc thep map Iiue free from blotoes, 
 sfflj baucifiuertp to become rich, being loth tocnoureba&arb either of life 0? gooos, 5Fo?burffi 
 thephaucputonanp minostbojotolp to reuolt,tljey haotljjeetooonDerfuUgocboccafionsoffereD: 
 tljem During our being there. v j . 
 
 CrjentfcluesDiD in gencrall ronfeffc, that tfjeretoere not abotie yooo ©paniatDc in tljat pare 
 oftheCountrep, of tohich number tlje halfetoerc cut of the totone ttllthelaO Dap of ourmarclj: 
 During tohichtime,hotoeaGlpthepmighthauep?euaiiebagaina there!!, anp man map conceiue. 
 !S5ttt upon our app?och thcptoohethemallin, anb combiueDtljcmfeluesingcneralltotljeCa^ 
 binall. 
 
 ■Slje nert Dap after our camming tlu'tljei; , tohen tlje fallp toai§ maDe bpon bs b^ their moS re* 
 iblutefepamarDS, hoto eattlp might tljepbaue fecpttljcihout, 0^ IjauegmenDs tljcgatctoljtcl; 
 fcjas helc fo? their retreat, if tbep [jao hao anp thought thereof *: 
 
 3nD ttoo Dapes after our comming to Cafcais , toljen 60:30 S>paniarDS anD pojtugals came 
 againffi bs asfarre as S. Iulians bp Iano,as pou fljal pj cfentlp Ijcarc (all toljich time 3 tbinfee there 
 toere not manp §>paniarDS left in the totone) tljcp hao a mo?e fit occafion to fijeto their Dcurition 
 to tlje King, then anp coulo be offereb bp our tarpingthere. 3nb thep coulo not Doubt,tljatif tljcp 
 fjao ujut tljem out, but that toe tooulo haue fought tottlj tljcm bpou tljat aDuantage,bat:tng fought 
 them in Galitia bpon oifaouantage to beat them : ano Ijauing tafeen fo much patties to feefce them 
 at their otone Ijottfes, toljereof toegatte fufficient teQimonp in tlje fame accioent. 15tit 3 tbinfce 
 the fcare of tlje §>paniaro Ijao taken fo oecpe imp?elfion toitljtn tljcm , as tljep Durfinot attempt 
 anp tljtng agatntt tljem bpon anp Ija^aro. 
 
 4To?,tohat cinill countrep Ijatlj euer fuffereo themfelues to be cortqttcrerj b)> fo feto men as thep 
 tocre ; to be bepjiuco of tljeir naturall King, ano to be tp?anni?co otter thus long, but tbcp *: 3no 
 toljat countrep , liuingin flauerp bnoer a flranger tohom tbep naturallp bate , Ijauing anarmp in 
 the ficlb to fight fo? them ano their libenp, tooulo lie ftilltoitb the poke bpon tbeirnrcfes, atten» 
 ting if anp Grangers tooulo bnbttrtljen them,toitljout fo much as routing tljcmfelttcs bnoer it,but 
 ■ itjep': ^bep toill pjomifemuchin fpcecljcs,fo? tljep be great talkers, toljom the ©cncrall hao no 
 reafon to DiQEruff toitljout trial! , anD therefore marcbeooninto tljeir countrep : buttljcp pcrfo?= 
 meo little in action, tohcrcoftoe coulo haue Ijao no p?oofetoithout this tbo^oto triall, (Hlhcrew 
 Jje hath oifcouereo their toeafenefTe, ano rjono?ablpperfomtco moje tljen coulo btin rcafon crpec* 
 teo of him ; tohicb Ijao Ije not Done , tooulo not tljefe maligners , toi)o fecke occaRous of flauDcr 3 
 f Nnn 2 [jaue 
 
14.8 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, TTheTortugahoiage. 
 
 baue repo?teo Ijim to be fufptciousofa people, of tohofe tnttoeutpbe bao no tcfitmonp : ano to be 
 fearefull toitbout caufe.if he hao refufro to giue creoic to their p?omifes toithout anp aouentutet 
 Let no ftiuolous quefliomff therefojefurther enquire tohp &e marc&eD to manp oapes to Lisbon, 
 ano tarieo there fo fitiall a ruijik. 
 
 ■Sljenertn^ning, feeing no performance ofp?omifeRfpr,hegaueo?t!er fo? our marching a« 
 toap -, ljimfelfe,tbc €arle of Eflex, and Sir Roger Williams remaining; toith tlje Gatm thattoatf 
 maocmtijcbighttcect , till the toljolcarmp toaso?atoen into tlje fielD, anofomarcheo out of tlje 
 totone, appointing Captainc Richard Wingficld, anoCaptaine Anthony Wingfieldintheat* 
 rerctoaroofthnn toith the (hot; thinking tljattbeenemp (asittoasmofflikelp) tooulobaueifc 
 fueBoutbponourrifing; hut tJjep taerc CtI;crto:Te auuifcD, ©Bhentoetoere come into the fieto, 
 e ■ i c ■•:' battalion fell into that ojorc toljich bv courfe appertafaeo Unto them, ano fo marchm (bat 
 w&ijttoito Cafcais. €pao \ue marcheo ttjojoiu his Countecp as enemies, ourSouloiourshaO 
 beeuc tocll fupplieo in all their mains : but I;ao me maoecnemtes of the Suburbs of Lisbon, 
 toe hao bcene tlje richcir armp that cuertoentBittcf England : fo? bcfioestlje particular toealthj 
 of euerp houfe, tljere mere man? SHarehoules bp tlje toater HDc full of all fo?ts of rich marcljau'. 
 
 fijot amongtt Uss,b«t oio no Ijarme at all.ffltung that theptfroo&e off a gentleman? leg, 9 Mien tlje 
 Sergeant maio?s mcile bnoerbim, ©he ipjftmen alfo follotoco Vis afarre off, ano cut off an ma s 
 tip fiefce men as mere not able to Ijoloe in march.no? toe hao cartage fo?, 
 
 after toe hao bene ttoo oapes at Cafcais, toe hao intelligence bp a jfrier, that the cnemp toas 
 marching CronglptotoaiDsbS, ano then came as facte as S. Iulian : tohicljnetoestoasfotoei* 
 come to the Carleof Eflex aim the u5enerals,as tljepoffmo euerp one of them to giue the meflen* 
 geranhtino?eocrotoncs tfthcpfounotljcm in the pi ace; fo? the (SenerallteCting nothing mo?e 
 then to fight toith :!,cm in ficloroomr , o.fpatcbco that m'ghtameffenger toith a trumpet, bp 
 toljom he to?it a cartel! to the ©enetali of their armp, toljerein he gaue them the lie, in that it toau 
 bp them rcpo?teo tljat toe oifioogeo fromLisbon in oifo?oer ano feare of tljcm (tobich fooeeo toag 
 moftfaife) fo? thatittoasfiueof theclocne in themojnmgbefo?ttoefellintoanneS', ano then 
 tocnt in fuch fe?t, asthephao no courage to folloto out upon bs. aifo he cballengcDhimthereur, 
 to meet htm tlje nert mo?ntng toith his uihoie armp, if he mtrjflt atttno his comming, ano there to 
 tap out tljciuffncfleof tljeir quarrel bp battell: bptohomalfo the Carle of Eflex (tobo preferring 
 tlje heno? of the cattfe.tohich toas his rountrcps, befo?e Ijis otone fafetp) fent a particular cartel, 
 offering himfelcengainff anpoftheirs,tf thep hao anp of hisqualicp; o?if thep tooulo notaomitof 
 that ; $rc, eight, 0? tcnne,o? asmanpas tljcp tooulo appoint, ftjoulo meet fo manp of theirs in the 
 he;.o ofottr battell to trie t^etrfo?tunes toit&tljem; ano t&at thep ujoulo baue affutance of t&efc 
 returne ano honourable tntrcatp, 
 
 ■e;ijeiSeneraIlacco?tiinglp mane all Ijis armp reaop bpth?eeoftljeclockcintlje mo?ntngano 
 niarcljco etren to tlje place tohere thep Ijao encampeo , but thep toere eifloogeo in tlje night in 
 great titfojoer, being taken toitb a fuooen feare that toe hao bene come upon them, as the<Sene* 
 rail toas tlje nert Dap certainelp info?meo : fo as the trumpet follotoeo tbem to Lisbon, fcue 
 coulb not get other anftuere to either of his letters, butthjeateningto be bangeo, fo? oaring to 
 b?ingfucljamelTage, fipotobeitthe o3cnera!lhaocaufeotobeto?itteiibpon thebacfeCoeof cljeic 
 pafpo?t, tljat if thep oio offer anpuiolencebnto tlje meflengcrs,^ tooulo hang tlje bell p?ifonera 
 Ije hao of theirs : toljicfa matte tbem to aouifc better of the matter, ano to returne tbem borne; but 
 toitljotttanfaere* 
 
 Sfter our armp came to Cafcais, anDthecafflefummoneD,theCaffellantljereofgranteD,tbaf 
 bpon fiue 0? fire ujot of the canon he tooulo oeliuer tlje fame, but not toithout figlje thereof, "She 
 ©cnerall tljinking that bis OiCrelfe toitbin hao bene fuclj fo? leant of men 0? bictuals as he coulo 
 n:tholoe it manp capes, becaufe Ijefatoit othertoifeocfenfible enough, Deterrnineo rather to 
 mafeebim peelo to tljat neceffitp, then to bjing the cannon, anotljeretb?eonelpfetaguarObp» 
 on tlje fame , IcaQ anp fupplp of thofc thincts tohich he toanteo Cjoulo be b?ought toito thenu 
 %m he Bill Canning upon tljofe conoitions ,*thc <3encrall about ttoo oapes fcefo?e ije oetetmineB 
 tc goc to Sea , b?ougljt th?ce 0? fcure pieces of batterp againQ it : tipon the firtt tire tohereof be 
 
 1> »t-nrtn>rr-»i->i 1-1 1\>* i-ni^^MHIiitS i- >t *■ a <va *\n au \n <■ • f. I>i r* I* aa>a> >..vj> aUM nr*t- 1 Arr * !• i*. 1- •+>* All A M ihMI nHA 
 
, ■ - ■ r ,-, -,, a „■■ -^n-.~ ., , / 
 
 The Tortugallvoyage. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. i±p 
 
 toljicb nntljout bluing that fo?t, trig couId noc tottJjouc great perillbaue Done. <tOHjcn toe toere 
 
 reaop ro fet faife (one Ijalfe of tlje fo ?t being bp c?oer from tljc ©encrall blotoeu bp bp mine) the 
 
 tompanp toas o? atone atoap. « 
 
 , During trje time toe lap in tlje roaD, ottr fleet began t!je feconD of 3!mte, anu fo eontimtcD ffre 
 
 napes after to fetch in fome bulks to the number of tb?cerco?e, of Danfik, Stedn, Roftock, Lu- 
 
 beck $ Hamburgh laoen toitb fepanifi) gooos, ano as it fcemeD fe? tbe kings p?outfion,anD go= 
 
 ingfo^ Lhbon : tbetrpjincipalllaDing toaei Cojne,9paftB,CabIeg 3 e;opper,ant( CQare ; amongll 
 
 tobfcbtoere fome of great burthen tooDnocrfuItotllbuiloeDfo^fatltngjtoljicbbati no gteat lacing 
 
 in them* ant) therefore it toas tbougljt tbat tljep toere b?ougbt fo? tbekings p?ouifion, to rcinfo?ce 
 
 his occapeD naup : toljereof tbere toas tlje greater likelp&ooD, in that the otoner of tbe greatttt of 
 
 t bctn toll tcb car ic D t to o mi fucs , toas hnou.cn to be beep tntoarD tot t Ij t Ijc Caroinall , toi;o racljcc 
 
 tljcn be tooulo be taken toitb W Clips, committed Ijtmfelfe toito bis fmall boat, toljerein be reco- 
 
 uereo S» Sebartians : into tbetobtcljourinen,tbatbefo?e toere in flicboats, toerefhippeo, ann the 
 
 flicboatjs fent borne toitb *m offer of eo me, to tbe balue of their bire. !it>ut tlje toinoe being goon 
 
 fojtbemfojRochel, tbepcboferatljcr to loft their eojnethra the toi'nbe, arttr fo Departed; %^t 
 
 (Senerall alfo fentbisho?festoitb,tbcm,atiD from thence tyippeo tljem into England. 
 
 <Ihe tbiro of 3une,CoIonell Deucreux anu Colonell Sidney.being botb bcrp ficke,Departe& 
 fo? England, tobo intbetoboIeiournepbaDfijetoeDtbemfeluesDerp fo?toaroto all feruices, ano 
 in tbeir Departure tierp Dntoilltng to \im bs : tbat Dap toe imbarkeD all our armp, but lap in m 
 roao bttttll tbe eigbttljereof. 
 
 Qlje fijtt Dag tbeCarle of Effex,bpon receit of letters from foer SjNeffp^p them that b?ottght 
 in tlje bictuais, p?efentlp Departco totoaro? England, toitb tobom g>tr Roger Williams toas be* 
 tp Defirous to go , but founD tbe 6enerals berp bntoillmgbe fbouln do fo, in that be bare the ncrt 
 placebnto tbem, ano if tljep (bonis mifcarrp, toasto commanD tlje armp. 9nD tlje fame Dap tljete 
 eametottobs ttoo fmall barks tljat b?ougfjt ttDings of fome other fljippes come out of England 
 toitb bictuals,toljicb toere paueD bptoaros to tlje £~ape : fo? meeting toitb tobom, tbe feccno Dap 
 after toe fet faile fo? tbat place, in purpofe after our meeting toitb tljem to go tottlj tbe Jlcs of A- 
 $ores, tl^feconD Dap, tol;tcb toas tbe nintl;, toe met toitljtbemcommingbackeagatnetotoarCiS 
 us, tobofe p?outlton little anftocrcD our expectation, $3ottoithffanDing toe rcfolueo to continue 
 eurcourfefo?the3lanDS. 
 
 about tbis time toas tlje Marchant RoyalI,toitb tO?ce o? foure otljer ffjips,fent to Peniche,to 
 fetcb atoap tbe companies tljat toere left tljere; but Ctptaine Barton batting rccet'ueD letters 
 from tlje (SeneralStljnt toere fcntonerlanD, toas Departco before, not being able bpteafon of tbe 
 enemies fpeeDpmarcbingtljitljer, eitljer to bjing atoap tlje artillerp, o? alibis men, acco?Dingto 
 tbe Direction tijofc letters gauc ijim ; fo? Ijetoas no fooner gone.tben tbe enemp polfedeD tbe totoii 
 ano caflle,anD ujot at our fijips as ti)t p came into tlje roaD* 
 
 3t tbis time alfo toas tbe ambaffaoo? from tbe UCmpero? of Marocco,ealIcD Keys Hamet Ben- 
 cafamp , rettimcD, ano toitb ljtm£0.Ciprian-, a (Sentleman of gcoo plate anDDefert, toasfenfi 
 from Don Antonio, ano £aptainc buflcy from tlje 6cnerals to tl;e Cmpeto?. 
 
 Clje nert mo?ning tlje nine galltes toljicb toere fent not fate Dapes befo?e out of Andaluzia fojj 
 tbettrcngtbening oftljertuer of Lisbon (toljicb bctngiopncD" toitb tfjcotljcrttoewe tbat toere 
 tbere bcfo?e, tljougb toe lap IjaiD bp tbem at S.Iulians, Dtttftneucr make anp attempt againttbs) 
 bponout Departure from tljence toere returning home, anointbemo?ning betngaberpDeaa 
 calme , in tlje oatoning tbereof, fell in tlje toinDc of our fleet , in tlje bttermottpart tobereof tljep 
 affaileD one ttraglingbarkeof Plimmouth , of tbc toljicb Captaine Cauerley bcingCaptaineof 
 tbelanocompanp, toitb W lieutenant, tbe Smaller, anD fome of tlje partners abanoentD tbe 
 fljip,anD betooke tljem to tlje ftjip-boats,toljereof one,in toljicb tlje Spatter ano tbe Captaine toere, 
 toas ouerrtmne toitb tbe gallies , ano tbcp D?otoncD. 'Cljcte toere alfo ttoo bulks Bragleo farre 
 from tbe Crengtb of tbe otljer ujtps , tobiclj toere fo calmeo, as neitber tbe'p coulD get to bs , no? 
 toe totljem,tbottgbaIl tlje great ffjfppes totoco toitb tljeir boats to Ijatie relieucD tbem, but coulo 
 not be recouereo ; in one of toljicb toas Captaine Minfha w toitb bis tompanp , tobo fougbt toitf> 
 tbemto tlje latt, pea after Ijts fijip toas on ffre, toljicb toljetljcr it toas fireo bp btmfclfe o? bp tbem 
 toe coulD not toelDtfcerne,but migbt eafilp iuoge bp Ijis long ano gooo ftgljt,tljat tlje enemp cctilo 
 not but fuftaine mueb loffe: toljo fetting alfo Dpon one of bcr bulkc torjerein toas but a lieutenant, 
 ano be berp Gcke, toere bp tlje Dalour of tlje JLieutenant put off, altbottgb tbcp IjaD firff beaten ber 
 toitlj tljeir artillerp, anDattcmpteDtoboo?Dljer. anDfceiug alfo one otbeebulke a league off, a 
 fierne off bs,tbep maDe totoaros ber;but finoing tljat ftje maoe reaop to figljt tottlj ttjem,tbcp wtS 
 not fuctber attempt ber : toljerebp it feemeD,tbeu; loffe being great in t Jje otbet fights, tljep toere 
 iotijtopjoceco anp further* 
 
 Nnn 3 jFrottt 
 
I -- - - I ■ ' ■ -- — l 
 
 150 The Englilh Voyages,Nauigations., T^he Tortugallipoiage, 
 
 jFromtbat Dap till the 19 of 31une, out Dirccti'onfroin the <Seneralltoas,that if t^etuittD lucre 
 j5o?ttjcclp, toe ffjoulb plie fo? the Azores ; but if ©outherlp, fo? the ales of Bayon.GRe lap tottl) 
 contratp toinDesabctit tijat place anb the Kocke , till the feoutherlp toinbe pjeuailing carrieb bjs 
 to Bayon : part of our ujips to tl;e number of 2 y, in a great toinbe tohich toas ttoo bapes befb jt, 
 ijauing tott the $bmirals anb fleet , accojDtng to their Direction , fell in the morning of that Dap 
 .». toith Bayon, amonglMhomtoasig)irHenryNornstntheAyde;tol)ohacinpurpofe(ifthea6* 
 mirals hao not come in) toith fome 500 men out of them all to hatte lanbco, ana attempteo theta* 
 King of Vigo, ©he reft of the fleet belb toith QSencrall Drake.toho though he toere ttoo bapes be* 
 f o?e putbpon tbofe 31lanbs , call off agatne to fea fo? the Azores : but remembjing hoto bnpjout* 
 beb he toas fo? that iournep, anb feeing that he bao lott companpof his great fljips, returnee fo? 
 Bayon, anb came in there that night intheeuening, toherehepaflebbptbe rtuermojethena 
 mile abotie Vigo. 
 
 ©he neiet morning toe lanucb as manp as toere able to fight , tohich tocre not in the tohole a« 
 boueaqoomen, (fbjinthe iybapestoeciiminueDon boojbtoehabcaftmanpef ourmenouer* 
 boojb) toirtj tohich number the Colonell general! marcbeb to the totone of Vigo, neere the tohich 
 toheu he appjocheb.he fent Captaine Anthony Wingficld toitb a troupe bf ffjot to enter one fibe 
 visotasw. of thefame, toho founb upon euerp Greets enbaftrongbarricaoe, but altogether abanboneo ; foj 
 Ijauing etitreb the totone , he founb but one man therein, but migbtfee them making toaplefo?e 
 him to Bayon. £Dn the other fibe of the totone entreb (Senerall Drake toith Captaine Richard 
 Wingfidd,tobofeapp?och ontbatfiDe (31 thinke) mabethemleauetbeplacesthephabfoartifict* 
 allpmaoe fo?befcnce: there tocre alfocertainefbippcs fent toith the ftice-abmirall to lie clofe 
 fccfo?e tljetotone ,tobcat bpon thefame toith tljcir^rtillerp, 
 
 31n the afternoone tocre fent 3 00 bnDer the crftitict of Captaine Petuin anb Captaine Henry 
 Pouk, to burne anothcrsillage bettoirt that anb Bayon, calleb Borfis, anb as much of the couu= 
 trpastheDaptooulbgiuethemleauetoDO;tohtchtoas'aberppleafantrichbaHep:butthepburnc 
 ttalt.ljoufcsanbcome^sDibothersontheotherfibtofthetotonejboththatanbthenertbap, fo 
 as the countrep toas fpoilcb feueu 0? eight miles iti length, ©here toas founb great fto?c oftoine 
 in the toton e, but not anp thing els : fo? the otjjer bapes toarning of tlje ujippeg. that came firtt in, 
 gaue them a refpit to carpall atoap* 
 
 ©hencjt:tmomingbpb?eabeofthcbaptheCoIonelIgeneraU(toh8tntheabfenecofthe(Sene* 
 raistffat toere on boo?D their (hips, commantieo chat night on ftjoje) caufeball our companies to 
 vigobmrub. jjcuj^ncmc oftljetotone, anbfcntinttootroupstoputfireineuetphoMfeofthefame: toljitr) 
 bonc.,tocimbarkeb againe, 
 
 ©ibis bap there toere ccrtm'ne spanners tohich (tofthout anpbireetion) putthemfeutes on 
 fho?c, on thecontrarpfiDcoftheriucr from nsfo? pillage; toho toere beaten bp the cnemp front 
 their boats,anbpuniujeb bp the ©enerals fo? their offer.in goingtoithout allotoance. 
 
 , ©lie r'eafons tobp toe attempteo nothing againft Bayon toere before ibetocb to be toant of ar» 
 ttllerp , ann mapnotobealleogebto be the fmall number of our men t toholboulbbaue gone a* 
 gains fa u* rong a place, mnnneo toitb berp goob foulniers,as toas fljetoeb bp luan de Vera taken 
 at the Groine , toho confeffen that there toere fire hunbjeb oloe Souloiers in garrifon tljere of 
 Flanders, anb the Tercios of Naples, latelp alfo retumeu out of the iottrnep of Englaud, 
 rCapitanPuebla. 
 Chriftofero Vafquesde Viralca a foulDterof Flanders. 
 **.,s«..r.. Don Pedro Camafcho, del terciodeNapoles. 
 £23J <DonFrancifcodeCef P edes. 
 teaomgot l Gap j u j ndeS olo,deltcrciodeNapIes. 
 1 Don Diego deCaffaua. .. 
 l_Cap.Sauban. 
 Slfohefaptbtljerebe 18 pieces ofb?afle,anbfoureofp?on, [ateIpIaptbbponthetoallcsoftl;e 
 
 totonc.bcfiDestbcmtbaittoeretherebcfoje. 
 ©he fame bap the ©enerals feeing tohat toeake eflate our armp toas bjatoen into bp ficknefle, 
 Dtterminen tomananbbictuallttoentp of the beft fljipsfo? the planes of A cores toith ©cnerall 
 Drake, to fee if he coulb meet toith the 3!nbian fleet , anb ©enerall Norris to returne home toittj 
 the reft : 3nb fo? the thifting of men anb Uictualles acco?Dinglp, purpofco the nert mojning to 
 fall ootone to the 3JlanDS of Bayon againe.anb to remaine there tijat t>s?, n -5ut ©enerall Drake, 
 acco?bing to their apointment, being bnberfaile ncuerftrookeatthe3!IanDs 5 butputflraighc 
 to fea ; tohom all the fleet follotoeb fauing th?ee anb thirtp, tohich being in tlje riuer further then 
 be , anb at the entrance out of thefame, finbing tlje toinbe anb tioe too barb againft them , toere 
 infojeeb to caftancre tljcrefo? that night; amongft toijomibpgoobfojtunejtoastljeForefight, 
 
 am 
 
> TheTortugallvoyage;. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 15 1 
 
 anemljer fir Edward Norris. anojljenigbt folotoing, ©enetall Noms being o;iuen from the 
 reft oftbe f leet bp a great fto;me,(fo; alLtbac nap toas t be greatefl ftc;mc toe bao all tlje time toe 
 toere cut) tame againe into t&e 3lianos,but not toitbout great perill, be bcingfo;ceo to ttuft to a 
 SpaniCH jfifljer-raan (tobo toas taken ttoo capes befo;e at fea) to tying bim in, 
 
 lEftt new manning be callec a council of as maup as lje founo tbere,bolcirig tbe purpofc lje baB 
 concluccctottb fit Francis Drake tlje cap befo;e, ano otrectcc all tbeir courfesfo; England,ta> 
 rpinn; ti^ecc all ttjatDav to uiatct arnljclpc fuc!) luitlj uicttmlf, astoerelefciBtoonocrfullOittrcu~e 
 bp iiiltiing the in .tunls that Camelauyrarico atoap the Dap befoje to fea, 
 
 &benjettoapbefet'£Wl£ i atunbe.xo.osp aftet,tobtclj toas tbe ? of 3iulp tame into Plimmouth, -ariirr tcttirtjs 
 toijeie be foimcfit FrausisDrake anaall tbe downs itjips.toitb manp of tbe otbers,but not all; ,0 rammoulh - 
 fo? tbe tftt et toas Difjftrftc tiito ortjenbar bo;s, foitie leD bp a oefite of rctutning fro tobente tbep 
 came.aritffcme being uoflcflcD oftbeljuiks,Cougbt other ]i3o;t8 from tbeir (Scrotals tie, toljcre 
 tljep migbt make their p;iuate tommoDitfe of tljein,as tbep baue Done to tbeir great aouantage, 
 
 13;efcntly opontbMt arrtuall tberc,tbe o3r ncrals DitToIttcD all tbe armie failing 8 companies 
 tobicb arc pet belD togctbet.giuing eucrp foutoiet Sue millings inmonep,anD tbe armes Ijcebare 
 to make monc p of, tobicb toas mo;e rbeh cottlD bp anpmeans be Due duo tljenv.fo; tljep toere not 
 in feruite tb;cc monetbs ,tn tobitb ttmc tljep baD tbeir bictuals, tobiclj no man toill balue at Ulfe 
 tbenbalfetljeirpapjfo? fucljistljeallotoanteinbermaitfttesftjipsto ber mariners, fo as there 
 remaineo but x o ftjillmgs a monetb mo?e to bepaic,fo; tobiclj tljere toas not anp p?iuate man but 
 OaD apparel anD furniture to bis otorre bfe,fo as euerp common fcuiDier DtfcljargeD,recetueD moje 
 in monep,DittUflls, apparel! ano furniture,tben Ijis pap did amount tmto. 
 
 }fllottoitljftanDing,tbcrc be cuen intbe fame place tobcre tljofe tljings Ijatte paffcD, that cither 
 do not o} toil! not cone cute tbe foulDierse9ate,bp comparing tbeir pouertie ano tbe ujo;tnclTe of 
 tbe time together ,bttt lap fome tnittrt'es bpo the ©enerais anD the action,C32bere,anc bp cbe toap, 
 but efpcciallp here in London,^ fino tljere baue bene fome falfe pjopbets gone before bs, telling 
 Orange tales,5fo; asourcouwrep Doetbb;ingfoo;tb. manp gallant men, tobo Defirous of honour 
 Doe put tbemfelnes into tbe actions t hereof, fo ooetlj it manp mo;e Dull fpiriteD,toho though tbeir 
 thoughts teaclj not fo l>igb as otbets,pet Doe tbep liften Ijoto other mens acts Doe palfe, ano either 
 beleeuing tobac anp man toill report unto tbem,are toilUnglp carieD atoap into errors, c? tieo to 
 fome greater mans faith .become fecretaries againft anotcc tructb.'&beone fojt of tbefe Doe take 
 t heir opinions from tbe high toap Goe, o; at tbe furt Ijcft goe no further tlje Pauls to enquire tobac 
 hath bene Done in this Dotage : tobcre.if t bep meet toitb anp, tobofe capacitie before their going 
 out couId not make tljem liue, no; tljcit balour matntaine tbeir reputation, ano bijo tot nc onelp 
 fo; fpoile,complaining on tlje barcnelfe anD miferp tbeteof,tbep tljinke tbep are bouno to gitte cte « 
 cite to tbefe boneft men tobo toere patties therein, anD in berp cbaritte become of their opinions. 
 %\)t others to make goon the faction tljep are entree into, if tljep fee anp of tbofc maletontents 
 (as euerp iournep pceloetb tome) Doe r mine onto them like tempting fpirits to confitme them in 
 their bumbur,toit!j alTurance tljat tljep fo;efato befoje out going out tobat tooulD become thereof, 
 358 pe not thetcfoje too cteoulous in beleeuing etterp report: fo; pott fee there baue bene manp 
 maie beljolDers of tbefe things tljat baue pafleD.tben act o?s in the fame; tobo bp their etyetience, 
 not bailing tbe hnotolcogc of the o joinarie toants of tlje toarre,baue tljought, that to lie baro,noc 
 to baue their meat toell D?effe5,to Dnnke fometimes toater,to toatcb much, o; to fee men Die ana 
 be fiaine.toas a miferable thiug ; ano not bauing fo giuen tbeir minces to the feruice.as tljep are 
 aup tljing inftructeD tbercbp, Doe fo; toant of better matter Difcourfe ojcinattlp of thefe tljings : 
 tobeteastlje iournep (if ttjcp l^D toitb that iuogementfeeneiuto it, toljiclj tljcir places teqttireD) 
 Ijatlj giuen tljem far mo;e honorable purpo fc anc argument of Difcourfe, 
 
 t£Ijefemen80ifcontentmentsattDmimking8bcfo;eourcomming borne bauemasemee la« 
 bourtbusmucbtoinftructponintrjecertaintieof euerptljing, becaufe 31 tootilo not toillinglp 
 l5auc pott mifcarieD in tbe iucgements of tljem, toljereinpott fijall giue me leaue fpmetohat to ci* SSSftftSSJ^ 
 late u&ott a qtteftion.tobicb 31 onelp toucbec in tlje beginning of mp letter.namelp, toljetber it bee 
 mo;e crpecten t fo; our eftate to maintain an offcnlluc toar againft tlje king of Spaine in tlje loto 
 rountrtesjo; as in tljisiournep,to oftcne bim in bis neerer tcrrito;ics,feeing tlje grouncs of argu= 
 ingtbercofaretabenfromtbectpcrtencetobicb tbeaccionsof tbistottrnepbaue giuenbs. 
 
 ■E-bere is no gooD fubiect tljat toil make queftt6,tobetljer it be beboofefulfo; bs to hole Frtetuj- 
 fljip tottlj tljefe neighbours of oursc; no.aCmell in refpect of tbe tnfinitepjopo;tion of their fijip^ 
 ping,to'.)ttbmuftftanDcitberto!tIjbso;againftiJS;asoftbccommoDtticoftheirljacbo?s > efpcci-- 
 Slip that of VTilliing.bptljelfouotir tobereof our jftauie map continually kecpe tlje jSatroto feas, 
 anD tobicb tooulo harbour a greater jFleete agapnft bs.tbeu tlje Spaniard Qjall neeoto annop cs 
 toitball, tobo betugnotoDifirelTeDbp our tommonenemte, 31»binkeitmoft erpeciettc fc; out 
 
 fafetis 
 

 152, The Englifli Voyages 3 Nauigations > < Tbe c PortugalIyoiage* 
 
 fafctie to Detenu them, ano if it map be, to giue tljcm a recturie into tljat t he j> tjauc of late pec rcss 
 M unto Ijtm.'Ebe one toitljcut coubt fjee maiefft e map 00 toitbeue cifficultie,ano info bono jable 
 fc?t as he ffcal nci-er be able to oifpolfetfe Ijcr 0; tbem of anp tlj e t c tor es 1 hi p nob) bolb/Kut if anp 
 man t (jinfce that tbe Spaniard map be crpe He d from tljence mo ?e fpeeoilp 0; comtcntcntlp bp kec= 
 ping an armie tfjere.ttjcn bp fencing one againfl bim into bis otone countrep : Jet Ijim fo?efce of 
 boto manp men ano continuall fuppiicg tljat armie mult conftfr, and telja t intollerable ejrpenfes 
 it requt'rctlj* Sno let rjim tbinke bp tfjc erample of tbe cuke of Alua, toljen the p ?ince of Orenge 
 ljao ijis great armie agapnlt Ijim ; ano of Don Iuan,u>ben the States hao tljeir migljtie alfemblp 
 againttljtm, ljotolbistoifecncmie,tottbtobomtoearetooeale, map but bp prolonging to tlgU 
 toitlj os,leaue bs r c alums enottgb fo? out armie tuitbin feto monetbs to mutine ano b?eake ; 0} 
 iip keeping him in his totones Icauc OS a fpoplco ficlo : tob ere tbotrgb our pjouifion map bee fuel; 
 of our 'otone as to c a ante no c,pet is our tocakuclfc in anp ttrangc countrep Curb, as toitb Gcknes 
 ano mifcrfe me (ball be oiffolucD, &no let Ijim not fo?get tobat a continual b urtljen toe hcrebp lap 
 upon bs;u tbat to repolfelTe tljo fr countrep? toljich Ijauc bene latelp lou\toil be a toarre of longec 
 continuance tljen toe fljall be able to enoure, 
 
 Slntljeoerp action toheredf, tobat fljouloljinoer tbe king ofSpaineto bpgbfe fo?cesljome 
 SntoOs':.Jfo?ttiscertainebebatbIongfince fctootonc incounccll, tljattbere is no toap fo? Ijint 
 toljolpto recouertbofeloto countries, but bpb?inging tlje toarre bpon England it felfe, tobtcb 
 Ijatlj altoapeSatTtllefl tbem againtt Ijim : ano tljat being Bctermineo,ano toberetmto ye l;atb bene 
 fccbementlp brgeo bp tlje latt peercsloffe be fuffainco Upon our coafis,ano t jje great oifljono? thisf 
 iourne v l;atb laio topon bim ; no Dptibe if toe fljall giue Ijim refpite to ooe it,but be toill migljt ilp ao< 
 sance tjis purpofe, foj Ije is ricblp able tbercunto^ano toonocrfull cefirotiB of reuenge, 
 
 %a encounter tofjeretoitlj,3l toiflj euen in true ano houelf ?eale to mp Countrep,tljat toe toere 
 all perftoaoco that t here is no fuel; affurco meanes fo ? tljc fafctie of our cvf atc,as to bufp Ijim toitb, 
 a to ell furnifljeo armie in Spaine, toljitb bat lj fo manp gooolp "Sapes open, as toe map la na toi t \,-- 
 out impeacljment as manp men as (ball be neeofull fo; fttdj an inuafion, 9no Ijatiing an armie of 
 20000 roiallp furniujeDtbere,toc fljall not neeo te take muclj rare fo? tljar pai nunttfo? Qjal not 
 Lisbon be tljougbt able to make fo feto men ridj , toben t l;e Suburbs tljereof toere fount) fo a- 
 bounuing in ritljcs.as Ijao toe maoc encmie of tbem,tljep ijao largelp enctctjeD bs Pll';f ulljicb toitlj 
 toljat fmalllolTe it map be toon, is not bere 10 fljeto ; but ttbp it toas not toon bp bs,3I baue bere« 
 tnfijetoetipou. 2D?isnottl;cfpoplcof Siuil fufficient to pap mo^etljenQjall bee neeofull to bee 
 ftntagainftit, toljofeoefence (as tbatof Lisbone) tsoneip fo?ce of men, of tobom botomanp 
 map fo; tlje pjefent be ratfeo, is not to be eflcetneo, becaufe toee baue oifcouereo tobat aino of 
 men tijep be, euen f uclj as toill neuer abioe ours in fielo, no; oare toitbQano anp refolute attempt 
 ef ours agapntt tbem ; fo? curing tbe time toe toere in manp places of tbeir countrcp,tljep cannot 
 fay tljat cttcr tljcp maoe 20 of our men tumetljeir faces from tbem, 3no be tljerc not manp otljcc 
 places of lclfeDitTicriltictofpopIe,able to fatiffie our fojecs 1 : 
 
 15 ut aomit,tbat if bpon tljis alarme tbat toe Ijaue gtuen bim,(je tendering bis natural! ano nee< 
 red foile bcfd?e bis fttrtljcr remmooueo off gouernments ,00 o?ato bis fo? ces of olo fouioirrs out 
 of tlje Hoto countreps fo % \)i$ otone oefence, isnot tbe bicto?p tben toon bpojatoing ano boloing 
 tljem front tljcnce,f 0? tbe toljiclj toe Qjoulo baue Kept an armie there at a cljarge bp manp partes 
 greater tljen tljis,ano not flitrcotbem *: 
 
 aomit further our armie be impeacljeo fromlanomg tbere,pet bpfteeping tbe S>efl,ano poffef* 
 5ngljisp?mcipaHroaoes,are toe not inpolltlrilitie to meet tottb bis Indian marcljants, ano bcrp 
 like to p?euent bun of Ijis piouiGons comming out of tbe €ait countreps ; toitljout tbe tobiclj,nc i» 
 tljer tlje fubicct of Lisbon is long able to liue, no? the king able to maincaine bis jl5auie';f o? 
 tbouglj tbe countrep of Portugall ooe fome peeres fino tbemfelues cojne, pet are tljep neuer able 
 tooictuall tlje lealtpart of tbat Citic. 2no albeit tbe king of Spaine be tbe ricbeltpjince inCb?t' a 
 flenoom e,vc t can be neitljer o?ato cables, be toe mattes, no; make pousct out of Jjls mettals, but 
 istobcfupplicooftljemall fromtljence, Oftoljom (fome toill bolo opinion) it is no reafon to 
 makep?^, becaufctljepbecnot our enemies: ano tljat our oifagreeance toitb tljcm toill tm- 
 peaclj tlje traoe of our marcbants, ano to impoueriuj oar countrep, £)f tobofe mtno 31 can baro* 
 Ip be o;atoen to be : jfo? if mp enemic figljtmg toitb me ooe b?eake bis ftoo?o, fo as 31 rtjerebp? 
 ijaue tlje abuantage againftljim ; tobat Gjall 31 tbinke of b«m tbat puttctb a neto ftoo?o into Ijis 
 Ijano to kill me toitljall ". 9no map it not bee tbottgbt mo?e fitting fo? bs in tbefe times to loofe 
 our traces of Clotb, tljen bpfuffering tbefe mifebiefes, to put in lja?arotobetber toe Iball baue 
 u countrep left to make clotlj in 0? no*: anopettbougbneitberHamburgh,Embden,no;Stode 
 ooe receiue our do t b,t be necelfarp bfe tbereof in all places is fucb ; as tbep toill fino means to take 
 itfrombs toitlj our fufficient commooitie* 
 
 SUIQ 
 
Tbelrortugalllpoyage. Traffiques,and Difcouenes. 15; 
 
 Sna aamit (tobtclj tocre impolTioic) that toe aamnine ljun neicljer at lea no; latia (to; Dnlifle ic 
 be to it (j a much mo ?e migbtie-armie t ben ours,bc u)all nctter lie able to to ithfian d bs) pet ujall toe 
 bp bolctng Ijim at bis home, free out feluts from the toarrc at cur otone toals: i he be 1:1 f:r u l>ere a 
 of let tbemconfiaer trjat bett can wage, anB Ijaue obferucB the Difference of tmiaDing, ana bang 
 inuaBeo;tbeonegiuingcouragetochefoulBier, in ttjat ic Doeclj fct teSojcbimcommDCitie ana 
 reputation ; the otter a fcareftdjterraj to the countrep-man,toljo tf bp chance be plap the men.pc t 
 is l;e newer the richer : ana toljo knotoing manp boles to Ijioe tjimfelfc in, toili tne them all be fo;e 
 benut his lifeinperiH Up fighting :to^reas the Jnuaocrcattcth top his ncccuntfcefo?" tec guctb 
 out,anB being ab;oaa mutt fight to make bimfclfe toap,as not knotting lurjac place o; Greugtb ta 
 truttbmo,3l toillnot fap toljat 31' obferueo iu our cornier* p-men toben the cntmp effreo to iuTaile 
 bs here i but 31 toi(I> that-all England kneto toljat tcrro; toe gatte to the fame people that fri^KO 
 bs,bp bifiting them at their otone boufes* 
 
 CaJere not Alexanders fortunes great againtt t&e mtgtjtte Darius,oneIp in tljat his Macedoni- 
 ans tbirtteo after tlje toealtb of Perfia, anu lucre bottno to fight it out to the lag man, 6ec«ufc the 
 latt mankneto no fafer tea? to faue bimfelfe then bp fighting "x Sfthereas t!ie Perfians eitfeet tru* 
 ttir^ to continue flil matters oftbctrtoealtbbppeelDing to the 3!imaocr,bcgan to rs^attifea-i-amtt 
 their otone king : o; bauf tig mo ;e intoara hopes, Bio bine tbemrducp etteit to tijc latt, to fee tobac 
 courfetheConquerourtoouiatakeinbisConquett ♦ ^naaianoj tlje aomfe ofSdjio, t!jo:io,bj 
 migbtilp impugnen at tbefirtt, p;ooue beep founn ano honourable to his counts p ': (KUfeq feting 
 the Romans toonoerfullp amajea at the neereneffe of their enemies jf c;ccs, sno the ieffes tljep 
 tailp futtaiiieo bp thcm.gaue counfell rather bp toap of aiuerfion to carp an armp into Afl ike, ana 
 there to atfaile.tben bp a Befmfiue toarreat borne to remaine fubicetto the common, fpoilcs of an 
 alTailing enemie, ffiBbiclj being put in crecution a;eto the enemiefrom the gates of Rome, ana 
 Scipiorcttunen heme toitb triumph t aibritljts beginnings at tlje futt lucre not fu fortunate a< 
 gainS tbem,as ours Ijaue bene in this fmaltime againfl the Spaniard, ^he gooafurccue tobcrcof 
 njapesiciittragebstotaReanneSrefoiutelpagainttbim. 9na31befeecb©oBitmapttivre up all 
 men tljac arc particular!? interettea therein, to bctbinke tb-'mfclttcs bob) fmall a mattrr trill af= 
 lure tftem cf their fafet*f,bp tjoloing the Spaniard at a 33air,fofarre of: tobcreas, if toe gitie bim 
 leeue qutctlp to batch ana b;ingfoo;cb bis p;cparatitns,it toill be toirb Danger to bs all, 
 
 i)t talsetb not armes againtt bs bp anp p;ete»fe of title to tlje crotene cf this rcalme.no? lea al« 
 togr tber toitfc an ambicious ucCre to commanDotir countrep,but toicbljatrec cotoaros cur toljole 
 59ationan'jreligion.lperm'3i('aieS^'cepterisalreaBpgiucnbpBulltoanother, tljebonours of 
 our JSobilnie are bettotoec foj reiijaros tpon bis attcnaants,cur Clergie, our (gentlemen, ftic 
 JLatopers : pca all menoftob'-r condition foeuer are offereo I'd? fpcpletntot'je common fotilcier, 
 Leteucrpmantberefoje,tntief£nceoftbclibertieanaplentiebebatboflongeiu'opca,oft>rabO' 
 IuntarierontttbutionoftbefmaUettpartcftbeirttojefo?tbeairuranceof the rctt . itteercnot 
 mucbfoi euerp lattice of peace.tobo bp bis blcin coat p?ott ctctlj tljepjopcrett ana mott feruicca- 
 ble men at eucrp mutter from the toarres.to contribute the charge tijat eneof tljcfe icle men Doe 
 put htm to fo? onepeere : no; fo; tlje iatoper,tobo nfetlj b^ the oitterttons of bs's neighbours, ta 
 taltebnt one peeres gifts (nibicbtbepcrlljees) out of his coffers, dlbattooulo itijinBer eucrp 
 officer of tlje Crchequer, ancotberofljerapaietties courts, toljotottljoutcbecke coefuaaenlp 
 gtoto :o great toealtb.bonettlp to b?iugfoc?tb tbemptttcallcommcaitie of one peeres profits': 
 £Dj tbeClergie,tobo Icofec pjecifelp fo; tbe tenths of euerp mansincreafe,Gmplp to b;mgfo?tb. 
 the IB entb of one pecres gatljermg,ano in thankfulnette to her StNefite, (toljo Ijailj continue o fo? 
 all our fafett'es a mott chargeable toarre both at lana 9 fea) bettoto tlje fame fo? b?r bono; 9 tljeir 
 otoneaffurance,tponanarmptobtchmapmafectbisblooap enemp fo to bnoto bimfelfe ana bee 
 £$aiettt'es potoer, asbefijallbetbinfecbimtobatitisto mooue a fiirring people *: iKHb3,ttpugb 
 tljtp Ijaue receiuca fome fmall cljecke bp tlje fickneffe of tlji's latt tournep,petccubt % not, but if ic 
 loere maac bnotocn.tbat the line sopagetoere to bee fuppo;tca bp a generalise, (that rntgljt ana 
 tooulobcare tlje charge of amo;c ample p;ouificn) but there tootilo of all fo;tes mott toiliinglp 
 put tljcmfelues into tbe fame: fomccarieDtottlj anbonojableacfirctobeinaction, anafomc in 
 loue of fucb tooula affectionatelp foloto tljeir fojtunes ; feme in tljirfiing to reurnge tlje Beat!) e na 
 Ijurts of their b;eth;en,toreB,ana fricnas: ana feme tnljope of the plentiful! fpoples to be feunn 
 intbcfcccuntreps.ljrtUingbcnctberealreaBpanareturneapoo^.tooulDBefirctogDCfsaittejtottlj 
 ancrpectaticntomaReamenBsfo;thcIaa: ana all, inbatrcDoftbatcotoavalp p;oua Ration, 
 ana in contemplation oftbe true bonourof our otone, tooulotoitb courage tab catmrs to ba?aro 
 their lixuA aKapatt tbem, toljom euerp gooa €nglifijman is in nature bcttuo to bate as an impla* 
 csl-lf er emtcto England,tbirtting after our blODB,anB labouring to mine our lauD, toitb bope to 
 l)?mgb;ibnBertbepokeofptrp«uaUttaucrie, 
 
 agagna 
 
/ . - . 
 
 154. The Engliih Voyages^NauigationSyTfo ^Portugahoiagei 
 
 / 
 
 Sgaintt tljcm is true bonout to be gotten,to? tljat toe fljall nolbonet fet feet in tbeir land, but 
 tbat cucrp ttep toe tread toillpeel&bs neto occafion of action,toljicb 31 toiflj tbe gallantrie of out 
 Gountrep tatlje r to rcgara rljen to foloto tljofc foft unprofitable pleafut es toljeretn tljep noto conp 
 fume tljeit time and pacrimonte»3nD inttooo? tlj?cetotonesof Spaineis tbe tocltb of all Europe 
 gatijereD tosetljer,to()icljare tljc3j)agafins oftlje fruits anop?o6ts of tlje €aft ana cJCteft Indies, 
 luhetcunto 31 toiflj our pong able men,toljo,(againft tlje Itbertiot^arebojine tonto)terme trjem-- 
 felttcB truing men,ratber to bens tljetr Defites and affections/»tJen to attend their Doubleliue* 
 tk and 40 fliillmgs bp tlje peere toages,and tbe ratcrfion oftljc oft Copp-ljolD, fo? carping a ciflj 
 to tljeir matters tabfoTSut let me Ijcre repjEljefld mp felfe ano crauepatdo fo? cntring into a mat* 
 tcr of fuel) ftatc and confcqucnce , the care toljcreof is alreadp laio Upon a moff graue am> bono?a* 
 tic counfeH,toIjo toil in tljetc totfuoms fo?efee tlje Bangers tljat map be t^eatneo agapnG bs.9no 
 tobp 00 31 labour to difquiet tbe fecuritteof tfjefe Ijappp gentlemen, 9 tljetraoe of tljofe boneft fcr< 
 umgniei^bpperrtoaoingtljemtotljetoarrestoljenSlfcetbcpjofeaiont^ereoffoflcnoerlpcCeei 
 two 't f ? tljougij all our bope of peace be frustrate, ano our quarcls determinable bp tlje fteo?D j 
 tbottsb our enemp Ijatlj bp Ijis otonc fo?ces ana bis penfionartes inouftrp, cc8ncd tfie United ]S?a« 
 ttmcca into a naroto mime,? almoS Difuniteo tlje fameaf Ije be noto in a good toap to barbo? bim* 
 felfe in tlje p?incipall Ijauens ofFrance,fcom toljcnce Ijc map front bs atpleafure: pea tbougb toe 
 are to Ijope fo? noting but a bloooie toarre,no? can truft to anpljelpe but Sltmes ; pet Ijoto far tlje 
 xommon fo?t arc from reuerencing 0? regarding anp pcrfons of conbuction,toas too apparant in 
 tberetutneoftljisourioucnep, toberein tlje bafe ano common fouldicr Ijatlj bene tollerateo to 
 fpcake agninB tSjeCaptainc, and tlje fouldicr ano GaptameagainetbeoSenerals, anD tolieteiti 
 snccljanicall ana men of bafe eonsicion doe Dare to cenftire t&e Doings of tbcm,cf toljofe acts tfjep 
 I)cnottooo?tiiptotalke, 
 
 ^Ije ancient graue Degree of tlje p?clacte is upljeld,tbcusb Martin raile ntuer fo much, $ tlje 
 JLatopcr i3 afrcrrtjc olo mancr too ?fiy;ppco,toiiofocuer tnttaglj againft ljim»T5ut tlje ancient Cng« 
 It'Cj Ijonour is taken from our men of toar»fj tljcir p?ofelfton in Dtfgracc^ljougljncuer fo neceffarp, 
 Citljer toe commit itiolatrp to Neptune,anti toiil put Ijim alone ml to figljc fo? togasbc uto tlje laff 
 j)eecc,oj toe be tiuljr.r.tea toitlj fome oiuelin; opinions,tljat trauell notljing mo?e tljen to Duninift 
 tlje reputation of tljcm,\jpon toljofe ujoulocrs tlje butoen of our Defence againd Vat encmie mutt 
 lie toljcn occaftonlball be OifreD,jFo? tobenfoeuer Ije Qjallfet fcote upon our lano,it is ncitljer tlje 
 n^cacIjingoftfjeCIefgietljatcanturneljimoutagame, no? tlje pleading of anp iatopers tljac 
 canremoouebiHioutofpo^ffiotu no,tljcntljeptoiUljouourtrjemtobomnoto tljep tljtnfee not 
 Dif,anD tljen muffi tijofe men ftana bettocene tbcm ano tljeir perils,toljo ate noto tljcugljt fcntooo j« 
 tliieofanpeflimatiom 
 
 S$w tljebttnungofonctotone (toljidjcofl tlje king tljen being fir times as mttclj as tljig&a£& 
 cone Ijcr maieltte, toljcrein toere lou" feucn times as ma;ip men as in anp one fcruice of tljis tour* 
 nep,ana tnrieD not tlje tentlj part of our time in tlje enemies Countrep) be bp our cloers fo Ijigfrs 
 Ip reputed and fotinDEd out bp tlje ljiHo?ie of tlje Eealmc ; anD can our bopage be fo meanlp ettce* 
 med, toljcrein toe biirneD botb totones and Countreps toitbout the loue of fojtie men in anp fuc& 
 attempt *; 
 
 Did our kings in fo?mcc times retoard fome toitlj tlje greateB titlesof honour fo? ouertb>w* 
 ing a number of poo?e Scots 5 torjo, after one battcll loft, toere neuer able to retnfojee ujcmfclttcss 
 agamft Ijim ; and Qjall tljep in tljis time 'Jljo baue ouertbjotoen our migbtie enemic in batteU,ami 
 tafeen Ijts rotall <g>tanDetD in tlje 8elD, befiegeo tlje marcittefle of Saralba 1 5 oapes togetljer, tljac 
 Cjould banc bene uje ©encrall of tlje Slrmie againft bs,b?ougbt atoap fo mucb of Ijig artiUarte(asi 
 31 Ijatie befoje oeclarco) be bntooojtljilp cfteemcD of; 
 
 3is it polfiblc tljat fome in fome times ujottlo recetue tbeic retoard fo? looking bpon an enea 
 mt^ano ours intbis time not receittefo mucb as thankisfojbauing beaten an encmie atbandie 
 Crokes "t 
 
 I5ut it istruetljatno manujall bee a p?opbet in bfe Gountrcp : and fo? mp otone part 31 totB 
 lap afioe mp 3rmes till ujat p?ofeu"ion thai Ijaue mo?e reputation, ano litie toitb mp friends in tbe 
 cotmtrcp,attendingcitljer fome moje fortunate time to ufetljcm, o?fbmeotb«rgooD occafion to 
 makcmefojgcttljcm* 
 
 15uttobat':fl)aUtbebIindopintonoftbfemonfter, abeaftofmanpljeadjf, Cfo?fofjacb tbe gc* 
 neraltttc of old bene termcD)caufe me to neglect tbe pjofelfion from toljence 31 cbalengc fome re* 
 pucation.o? dimhrinj mp louc to mp cotintrep,toljiclj bitljcrtoljatlj noutiujeD me t j)2o,ittoas fo? 
 |cr fake 31 firft tookc armes,anD fo? ber fake 31 toill banole tbcm fo long as 3! fljall bee able to bfe 
 tljcmmot regatDingljoto fome men inp?iuate conuenticlcs do meafure mens eCtmattcng bp tbcic 
 otone bumc??; no? botoeuerp popular perfonDoetbgiuefcntcncconwerp mans actions fcp tbe 
 
Tbehon.ErleofCumb. Traffiques and Dilcoueries. 14.3 
 
 tuojftacciDtnts.ldutattcnDtngtftegraciousafptrtofoucD^faDSiouccaign^to^Dneutrpcc left 
 bcrtue bnrcto ar dco : ano DepcnDing bpon the iutlice of fjcr mod race anti graue ncuifojs,tobo bp 
 t licit heme looking into c uerp mans toojtlj,Do 5111c encouragement to tbe bertucus to crccerj 0- 
 tijers in bert ue : ano aflurtng pou tliat tljere fijall neiter anp tljtng bapyen mo?e pic a fin 5 bin me, 
 tljcn that 31 map once againe bee a panic in fome bono zabic iottvncp againtt tlje Spaniard in l;ia 
 otone counttep.a toill ceafe mp complaint : ano toitb tbem that oefcrue bepono me,pattentlp cn^ 
 cure tljcbnaouifeo cenfure of out malicious repjoouers, 
 
 M 3 baue fecmeo in tbe beginning hereof troublefome bnto pou,(ji tbe Difcoucringof ibofe im« 
 peDtments, ano anfmering tbe flanoers tobiclj bp tlje bulgar malicious ano mutinous; fo?t arc lata 
 asblcmifi)eBbpontbctournep,anDrepj,ocljcsbpontlje<Seneralg (ljauinginDceDp;toceeDeofrom 
 other Ijcaos:) let tlje nccelTitie of conferuing tlje reputation cf the action in general!, 9 tlje Ijonojs 
 of our (generals in particular,bce mp fufficient ercufe : tbe one bauing bp tlje bertue ofttje other 
 mane ourcountrpmojeDjeaDeD grrenotomco.tbenanp act tljat cuer England bnoertooke before. 
 ©? if pbu baue tbougbt mp petfniafible Difcourfe long in tlje latter end ; let tlje affectionate Dtfire 
 of mp countreps gooo be tljjrctn anftoerable fo? me«3nD fuclj as it is 3! p?ap pou accept it,as onlp 
 recommenoeo to pour fclfe, ano not to be DeliuereD totlje publiquebieto of tbe ujojId, Icaff anp 
 man take offence thereat ; toljicb fome particular men map feeme iufilp to do, in tbat Ijauing oe» 
 ferueo berp toell,3i fljoulo not berein giue them tljetr Due commenoations : tobereag mp purpofc 
 mtbtsp?ittatc Difcourfe batb bene onelp to gratifiepoutoitlj a touch of tljofcp?incipall matters 
 tbat baue paffeD, tobcrein 31 baue onelp taken notes of tljofe men tobo ettfjer conimaunceD etierp 
 ierutce,o? toere of cbicfettmarke: if therefore poii (ball impart tlje fame to one,ano be to anotljcr, 
 anD To it paffc tlj?ougb mp IjanDs, 31 knoto not lobar conffcucttong tooulo be mane thereof to mp 
 p?ctuDice ; fo? tbat tlje Spares cares map bappilp be taken fo? bo?ncs, Cpotobeit 3 Ijoloit berp ne e 
 neffarp (31 mud confefle) tbat there ujouId be fome true manifettation maDe of tljefe things : buc 
 be it far from me to be tbe autljo? tbereof,as berp bnfit to Deliuer mp cenfure of anp matter in pub* 
 Iique,gtmoff bntoilling to baue mp toeakneltc DifcoucreD hi p?mate, 9no fo 31 Doe Icaue pou to the 
 Ijappp fucceffe of pouraccuQomeDgooD ercrcifes,earneftlp toifljingtljat tljere map bt; tome bet- 
 ter acceptance maoccftljefrtu^s of pout 8uDic^,tljcn there bath to 
 jfrom London the 3 o of 3ugufl 1 5 8 9. 
 
 The voiage of the right honorable GeorgeEtlc of Cumberland to the 
 <^fzores,&c. Written by the excellent Mathematician and Enginier mailer 
 
 EdwardWrtgbt, 
 
 II?ertgbcbono?abIe tlje €rle of Cumberland Ijauino; atljtsotonc charges p?cpa< 
 reDbisfmall#leetoffoure§)ai[esoneIp J viz.'iIljeVi(5torieoncoftbe'€lueenes 
 'ujipsropalljtbeMeganDMargarccfmallujipSjConeoftoJbicljalfoljeijjasfo^ceD 
 foone after to feno borne againe, finDing Ijernotableto enDurctbe&ea) anD a 
 I CmaUCaraucll,anD batting altembleD togetber about4oo men (0? fetof r) of gen- 
 tIemen,foulDierS,anD faplers,embarkeDbimfelf ano tbem,anB fct faile from tlje §>ounD of Plim- 
 mouthinDcuonfhire, tbe i8Dap ofJIune i 5 8p,beingaccompameD toitb tljefccaptaines ano 
 gentlemen tobicb hereafter foloto. 
 
 Captaine Chriftopher Litter a man of peat rcfoftltton, captaine Edward Carelefle, alias 
 Wright, tobo in fir Francis Drakes Weft-Indian bopage to S. Domingo anD Carthagena, tuaS 
 Captaine of the Hope. Captaine Bofwell, 9g).Meruin, Sg, Henry Long, 9p. Partridge,S^.Nor- 
 
 ton, Q£. William Mounfon captainebf tbe Meg.anD btsi biceaimirall, noto fir William Moun- 
 fon,sp,Pigeon captaine of tlje CarauelL 
 
 9bout 3 Dapes after our Departure from Plimmouth toemet toitb ? J'rencb frjt'ps, tobereof 
 one Soas of Newhauen,anotber of S.Malos,anD fo finDing them to be Leaguers jlatoful pjifes, 
 toe tooke tbem ano fent ttoo of tbem fo? England toitlj all tljeir loDtng,tobicb toas fiuj fo? tlje moll 
 part from New-found-land,fauing tljat tbere teas part thereof DtflrtbuteD amongttour fmall 
 $ leet,as toe cottlo finDS)totoage fo? tbe famc:anfctn the tbtrD,aIl tljeir men toere fent borne into 
 5F rancc^Dbe fame Dap tj tlje Dap folotoing toemet toitb fome other ujips,tobom(tobcn after fome 
 confcrencebaD toitb t^em, toeperceiueDplainlptobee of RotcrodamanDEmden^bounD fo?Ro- 
 chel^ttteDifmiffcD* 
 
 ^be 2 8 ano looapes toe met Dtuers of our (Engliffj fijt'ptf, returning from the Portugall bof« 
 age tobiclj mp lo?D relieuco toitlj bictuals.'e.lje 1 3 Dap of Jtilp being £>onDap in tlje mo?ning,rjje 
 efpicDiiujipstoitljoutfigIjtofpcoaaofSpaine,mtbeljeigbtof39Degrccs,b)homtoeep?efentIp 
 p?epareDfo?,^p!outDeD to meet tbem,bauingftrfffetfo?tb captaine Mounfon m the Meg, before 
 bs,to oefcrp toljence tbep toere. Clje Meg appjoebmer, ntere, tljere patteD fome fljot bcttoirt them, 
 
 toljcrebp 
 
; i — paa — - ■ aa i - - _ .. -~ - m — ' — ' — ~ *— .-----. 
 
 156 The Engliili Voyages,Nauigations, The hon.Erleo/Cumb. 
 
 tobercbp.as alfobp their SDmiral ano Sliceaomirall putting foo?tfe their flags^toeyercciuco tbat 
 Come 6ght teas like Ip to folio to . ilpautng t hereto it fitteo our fclnes fo? them, to e maoe toba t batt 
 toe cquId totoaros them toitb regaro altoapcs to get tlje tomo of them, ano about 1 o 0? 1 r of the 
 clocke,toe came up to them toitb the Vittory.Tgut after fome feto fljot $ fome Ifclc fight pafleo be* 
 ttoirt bs,tbep peeloeo tljemfclues,* the matters of them all came aboo?o b*,(betoing their feucral 
 39afpO?tsfcom the cities of Hamburg ana Lubeckjfrom Breme, Pomerania atiD Calice. 
 
 ^Cljep bao in them cettaine bags of pepper f §>pnamom, tobiclj tbepconfefleD to be tlje poos 
 of a 3eto in Lisbon.tobtcb ttjjulo bane bene carieu bp them mto their countrp to bis JFacto? there, 
 ano fo finoing it bp the ic atone confelfion to be latoful ]3 ? ife , t Ije fame toas fooue after taken ano 
 Oeuioeo amongft our tobolc companp,tbe oaluc toberof toas eilccmco to be about 4500 pomtos, 
 at ttoo ujillings the potmo. 
 
 'Che 1 7 Dap the fo?efato fijips toere ut(hn(feD,but 7 of their men tbat toere milling to go along 
 toitb us fo? failcrs,toe tooke to belpebs.ano fo IjelD on our courfe fo? tlje Azores. 
 
 Che 1 of Slugutt being JFt ioap in the mo?ning,toe ban fight of the aiano of g> 4 Michael,being 
 one of the Cattermoft of tlje Azores totoaro tobtclj toe faileo all that oap,ano at night bauing put 
 foojtlj a Spamdi flag in our main-top, t bat fo thep might tlje lelfc fufpect os, toe app?ocbco nerre 
 to the chiefe totone ano roao of that Jilano, inhere toe efpteo 3 fhips rioing at anke t ano fome 0- 
 ther beflels : all tohicb toe Determines to take in the Darkeof the nigh t, arm acco?Dinglp attempteQ 
 about iooj uoftbeclocke, fencing out boats toellmanneo to cut their cables ano haulers, ana 
 let them Djiue into tlje fea.fflur men comming 1 th em,fo mid v on e of tbofe grcatett (hips toas the 
 Falcon of London being tberebnoer a Scottish pilot tobo baretlje name of ber as bis ototuT15ut 
 3 Wve fojrf * j other fmal (hips that lap nc ere tonoer the cattle there,our men let loofe ano totoeo them atoap 
 Df8«Srar. bnto bs,mott of the Spaniards that tocre nubem leaping ouer-boo?D ano ftoimmmg to ftjo?e toitft 
 lotoo ano lamentable outcries, tohicb tbep of the totone bearing toere in an bp?o?e, aim anftoereo 
 toitb the like crping ; 'Che cattle DifcbargeD fome great ftot at our boats, but fijooting toitbout 
 matke bp reafon of the oarknetfe thep did us no hurt, 'Che Scots liketoifeoifcbargeo 3 great pic 
 tea into the aire to make the Spaniards tbinke thep toere their frienos ano our enemies,ano fijo?6* 
 Ip after the Scot tiih matter,^ fome other toith bim, came a uoojd to mp lo?o Doing their outte,anB 
 offring their femice,5C.t^hefe 3 ujipstoerefraugbttoithtofneanoa>allet-oile from Siuil. 
 
 SCbe fameflapottr Carauel chafeo a Spanifh eDarauel to Ihoje at S.Michacl, toljicb carieo \xXr- 
 ters tl)tther,bp tohicl; toe learneo that the Caraks toere beparteo from Tercera 8 oapes befo?e, 
 
 VL\)e 7 of auguft toe haO fight of a title Ibip tohich toee cljafeo totoarDS Tercera toitb our pin* 
 naffe (the toeather being calnie) ano totoaroseiiening toe ouertooke her, there tocre in her 30 
 tunnesofgsoo Madera toine > certainetooollencloth,Glke,taffata,$c^hei40f3ugutt toe came 
 tg the 31lauD of Flores,tohere toe oet e rmmeo to take in fome frefb mater ano fretb bictuals, fuel} 
 as tlje 3Ilano did affoojo, §>o toe manneo our boats toith fome 1 to men ano rotoeo totoaros the 
 (bo je ; tobereto to hen to c app?ocbco the inhabitants that toere afftmbleo at tlje Ianoing placcput 
 f } tb a flag of trucc,tohereupon toe alfo did the like* 
 
 2SJbcn toe came to them, mp lo jo gaue tljem to bnoerttano bp fjis Portugall interpjeter.tljat 
 \jt toas a frieno to their king Don An tonio,ano came not anp toa? to iniurp the, but that he ment 
 onelp to baue fome f reft toater ano freffj bictuals of them,bp toap of etcbange fo? fome pjouifiort 
 that he bao.as otle,totne,o?pepper,to tobtclj tljeppjefcntlp agrceo toillinglp, 9 fent fome of their 
 companp fo? beettes ano ujecpe,ano toe in the meane feafon marcheo ^outhtoaro about a mile to 
 Villa dc Santa Gruz,fromtohence all tlje inhabitants pong ano olD toere oepartco, ano not anp 
 thing of balue lefuftBe oemanoing of tbem tohat toasthe caufe bereof,thep anftocreo,^eaw;as 
 tljcirbfuallmanertoas tohen anp fljips came neere theircoatt. 
 
 me founo tljat pan of the 31lano tobe full of great rockie barren bils ano motmtains,litIe tit* 
 Ijabiteo bp reafon that it is moletteo toitlj ftjips of toar tobtclj might pnrtlp appeare bp this totone 
 of Santa Cruz (being one of their chiefe totones) tohich toas all rutnous,ano (as it toere)but tlje 
 reliques of the ancient totonctobicljljao bene burnt about ttoopeere? before bpcertainedSnglift) 
 (hips of toar,as the inhabitants tljere rcpo?teo, 
 
 at euening as toe toere inrotoingtotoarostlje Vidlory, anhugefithpurfaeo bs fo? tlje fpace 
 toell nigh of ttoo miles togctber.Diftant fo? the moll part fro the boats tterne not a fpeares length, 
 ano Cometimes fo neere that the boat Stoke Upon bim,the tips of tobofe finhes about the ghile(ap= 
 pearing oft times aboue the toater) toere bp. ettimation40? 5 parosafunoer, ano Ijisiatoesga* 
 pingaparoanoanbalfetoiDe, tohich put bs in feare of oucr-turning the pinnajfr, but (Coo bee 
 tljankeo (rotoing as tjaro as toe coulo) toe cfcapeo» 
 
 assbcu toe toere about Flores a Ittle fijip calico the Drake, b?ougbt bs too?o that the Caraks 
 toere at Tcrcera,of tobtclj netoes toe mere ucrp glao, 9 fpeo bs t hi ther toac toitb all the fyeto toe 
 
 csulo, 
 
Thehon.SrleofCurnb. Traffiques arrdDifcouerib; 157 
 
 cotilD : ano bp tlje toap toe came to Fayal roaa tbe fetten ano ttoentietlj Dap of a«gitit,aftcrfunne 
 fee, inhere toe cfptea certaine fbippes rpaing at anker, to tohom toe fentm out s> kiffe toith Cap* 
 taine Lifter ano Captaine Monfon in bet to aifcouer the roaaers : ano lead anp Daungernjoulo 
 happen to out boate, toe fent tnlikctoife the Sawfie-Iacke ano tbe fmall Carauell ;but the toina 
 being off the (boare, the fyippes toere not able to fet it fo nigh as the Spaniards rioe, tohich ne- 
 1 ireel) e iciTc t lie boate Bio, ano clappea a [bippe aboojo of ttoo btmo jcd ano fiftie tunnes , tohith ca* 
 rieainberfourcccne caff pceces, ana continuea fight alone toitbberfoji tbefpaceofoncboureb»= 
 nil clje comming top of other boates to the reffeue of her, tohich toere fent from the ftjippes, ana 
 then a freu) booking her againe one boate in the quarter, another in the hatife , tote cntrea her en 
 the one fine, ana all the Spaniards lept otterboojB on the other , faue Iuan de Palma the Captaine 
 of her ano ttoo o? thjeemoje ,ana thus toe became poffefibjs of her, Cbis fijippe toas mojeo to 
 the Cattle tohich fljoc at tog all this tobile : the onelp hurt tobicb toe rcceiuea of all this ujoc toas 
 tbiSjthattheniatterofottr Caraucllbaatbe calfeofhisleggefijotatoap. 3Cbts ftjippe toaslaaen 
 toith &ugar , (Singer, ana biaes latelp come from <§>,Iuan dc Puerto Rico ; after toe baa totoco 
 her clearc offtije caflle,toe rotoeo in againe toith our boats,ano fetcljea out Sue (mall (hips mo je, 
 one laoen toith hiBes, another toith Elephants teeth, graincs, coco-nuts, ana goates fktns come 
 from Guinie, another toith tooaa, ana ttoo toith aoggc-fiuj.tobicb ttoo lali toe let anue in the fea 
 making none account of them, %\)t other foure toe fentfoj. England the 3oof9nguu% 
 
 at the taking; of tljefe l&rjes" toere confojteo toitlj tos fome other fmall men of toarre , a? 
 Skitter Iohn Dauis, toith bisfbippe, Pnneffe, ana Boate, Captaine Markesburic toith hiss 
 (bip, tobofe otoner toas S>ir Walter Ralegh, the TSarke of Lime, tohicb toas alfo confojteo toitfj 
 Us before. 
 
 Che lattofStigttflitt the mowing toe came inffght of Tercera, being; aboutfome nine n? ten 
 leagues from fijaare, tohere toe efpieo comming totoaras toS, a fmall boat touaer faiictobich fee» 
 meo femeurijat ftrange tonto tos , being fo farre from lana , ana no fljippe in fight , to tohich then 
 might belong: but comming ncere, thep put tos outof aoubt, ujetoing thep toere Cngliuj men s«nefrat>eof8. 
 ( eight in number) that bao latelp beene pnfoners in Tercera, ana finaingoppojtunitie to efcaye 2f ll " n ' 
 at that time, toith that fmall boat committee themfelues to the fea, tmaer (Sobs p?ouiaence , ha* awta * 
 uingno other parafo? their mainefaile, but ttoo pipe ttaues tpea together bptbeeiiDes,ana no 
 mo?e p jouiGon of totctuals, then tbep caula b?ing in their pockets ana bofomes, l£)auingtaken 
 them all into the Vi&orie, tljcp gaue tos certaine intelligence, that the Carackes toere aeparceo 
 from thence about a toeeke befoje* 
 
 ^bus beeing toithout anp further hope of thufe Carafes, toerefoluea to returne fo? FayalJ, 
 toitlj intent to fttcp«'?e the totone,but tontill the ninth of September, toe baa eitbertbe toinae To 
 eontrarp.o^hetoeatherfocalmcthatinallthattimejtoemaae fcarcem'neoi ten leaguestoap, 
 iingring top ano aotone not farrcfrom Pico, 
 
 %ty tenth of September, being ffiBeanefaap intheafternoone , toee came againe to Fayal 
 roaac, ffiLtheteupon immeoiatlpmptoto fent Captaine Lifter, tottb one of Gracioia( inborn 
 Captaine Mun fon haBbtfoje taken) ana fome others, totoaras Fayal, inborn certaine of tlje 
 3Inhabitants met tit a boat, ana came toith Captaine Lifter to mpio?a,to tohom beegaue this, 
 choice : cither to fuffer hint quietlp to enter into the platfomte there toithout refittance.tohere he 
 auahis companie tooula temaine a fpace toithout offering anp iniurte to them, that thep (the 31n* 
 habitants) mig^t come tonto him ana compouna fo? tlje ranfome of the ^totone: 0? elfe to llano to 
 tlje (ja^aca of toarre, 
 
 2miththefetoo?Bsthepretur«eatothetotone:batthekeepersofthepIatfo?meanftoerea,thac 
 it toas agamft their oath ana allegeance to king Philip to giue ouer toithout fight, ffiaherettpon 
 nip io?a commfanaea the boates of euerp fijip, to be pjefentlp mauneo, ana foone after lanaea tis 
 men on the fanote Ojoare, tonoer the fiae of an bill, about halfe a league to the JQojthteatDS from 
 the platfo^me: topon the toppe of tohich hill certaine bo?femen ana footmen Cbetoeathemfelues, 
 aua other ttoo companies alfo appearea.toith enfignes aifplapea, the one before tlje totone npon 
 the ©0 ?e bp the fea fiae,tohich marcbeo totoaras our lanaing placets though the? tooula encoun» 
 ter tos ; the other in a toallcp to the "^outhtoaros of the p!atfo?me, as if thep tooula haue come to 
 hclpe the ©otonefmen : auring tohich time,thep tn the platfo?me alfo plapea topon tos toith great 
 SD jBinanceJQottottbvtanatng mp JL. (Ijauing fet his men in ojaer) marcbea along the fea Ibtnc, 
 topon the faua3,bettoi«thefea?thetotone totoaras tljepla^?mefo?the fpace ofamileo?moje,^ 8eMfI j Maof 
 S thentheGiojegrotoingrockiCjf permitting; no further p?ogretfc toitljoutmach aifficultie, he tbewmne an> 
 entrea into tlje totone jpaffea through the flreet toithout refittance,tonto the platfomie;fojtbofe f^ imtaf 
 companies before mentioneo at mp io,app?ochtng,toere foone aifperfea, ana fuoaenlp toanifijea, 
 
 JLiketoife thep of the placfonne, being all flea^t mp JLojaest conmung tljit&er, left bim 
 
 Ooo aim 
 
158 The Englifti Voyages^Nauigations,*/^ hon .Er. ofCumb. 
 
 and bis corny anp to ftale the toailes, to entec ana take jjoiTeffion taitljout rcfutance, 
 
 3n the meane rime our Ebippes ceafed not to batter tbe fojefaid ©otone ana ipiatfojme toitb 
 great (botte , till fucb time as toe tato the fted-Crofie of England flouri&jtng topon the jFojc* 
 front thereof, 
 it sefcription ©bis Fay al is tfjc principal! totone in all rtjat is lano ,9 it fituate oirectlp otter againtt the biglj 
 tfT&L ** a no wigfttp mountainePico,lpmgtotoarD0t&eC2leii j/2o?tl)toeflfromtl(atmcuntaine } betngBt* 
 uioco therefrom bp a narroto &ea, tobich at that plate is bv ettimation about fome ttoo j t b?ce 
 leagues tn bjeotb bcttoecne the 3fles of Fayal and Pico, 
 
 ©be totone contepneo fome tb?ee bundled bouttjolos , their Ijoufes toere faireanottronglp 
 builDcdof lime and ttonc, and double cotter ed toitb bolloto tples much like out roofe- tples, but 
 that tbcp are lefie at the one eno then at tlje tljer , 
 
 <£ucrp Ijoufe almoflbao acifterne 0; toell in a preen on the backefioe : in tobich gardens 
 greto bines ( toitb ripe clutters of grapes) malting pleafant Qjaootoes, ano ©abacco notoe com* 
 monlp knotocn and ofedin England, tobcretoitb tbeir toomen there ope their faces reDDittj, to 
 make them feeme fteftj ano poung: peppcra ndian ano common; figge-trees bearing both tobite 
 ano reD figges: peach trees not grotoingoerp tall: ©?engcs,limons,©.uince9,potato- roots, 
 $c, Sitocete toooo (eCeocr 31 tbinke) is there berp common , euen fo? building and firing, 
 
 £9p Lop tjauing potfetted tjimfclfe of tlje totone anD platfojmc , ano being carefull of the 
 puferuationof the totone, gawe commanDement, that no mariner 0? foulDiec fljoulo enter into 
 atip bottfe, to make anp fpople thereof, 35 ut efpeciallp he toas carefull that the Churches ana 
 ijottl'cs of religion there fljoulD be kept inuioIace,tobicb toas acco?dinglp perfo?med, thjougb 
 his appointment of guatders ano keepers fo? tbofe places : but the rctt of the totone eptber foj, 
 toantof the former inhibition, o?fo?oefire of fpople jp?ep,toa0rifled,$ranfackeobpcbe foul- 
 biers $ manners , tobo fcarcelp .left anp bottfe tonfearcbed,oat of tobtcb thep tsoke furlj things 
 as likeD thcm,as cljcites of ftoeetetoood,cbaires,clotb,cotterlets,bangmgs,bedding, apparclu 
 ano further ranged into the countrep, tobere fome of them alto toere hurt bp the inhabitants* 
 ©be Jfrierptbere contepning and maintapning tbircieFrancifcan jfriers (among tohom toe 
 coulo not finoe anp one able to fpeake true latine ) toas builded bp a jFtperof Angra in Ter- 
 ccra of the fame o?der, about nje peace of our Lo?d onetljoufano fiue hundred and Ore. ©he 
 tables in tbe hall had feates fo? tlje one fide onelp, and toere altoapes couerco , as reaoie at all 
 times fo? dinner 0? fupper . 
 
 $ rom Kleoncf oap in the aftemoone,at tohicb time toe entred the totone,til Staturoap night, 
 toe continued there , bntill the Jnhabitans had agreed and paped fo? tlje ranfome of the totone, 
 ttoo tboufand dnckais.mott part tobereof toasCburcb-pIate, 
 
 mt found in the platfo?me eight ano fiftie p?on peeces of ©finance , tohereof tb?ee ano 
 ttoentie ( as 31 remember ) 0; mo?e toere reaoie mounted upon their carriages , bettteene Bar- 
 bados, upon aplatfo?metotoaroestbefea-fide, all tobich ©finance toectooke, anofettbe 
 platfo?meon fire, and fo Departed: sppLojobaumg tnuiteo to Dinner in the Vi&orie^ontbe 
 sitmoap folio toing , fo manp of tbe inhabitants as toould toillinglp come ( faue onelp Diego 
 Gomes tbe (Souernour , tobo came but once onelp to parte about tbe ranfome) onelp foure 
 came ano toere toell entertaineo,and folemnelp oifmuTeo toitb found of D?umme and trumpets, 
 and a peale of ©finance : to tohom mp Lo?o oeliuereo bis letter fubferibco toitb bis otone 
 vjanD.impo^ting a requeff to all other €nglifljmen to abfiaine from anp further molctting them, 
 faue onelp f 0? frefh toater, ano bictuals necelfarp fo? tbeir internes bopage. During our abode 
 here ( viz, the 1 1 of September) ttoomen came out of Pico tobich hao becne prifoners there: 9I< 
 fo at Fayal toe fee at libertie a pufoner tranfiated from S>. I ago , tobo toas coufin to a fernant of 
 Don Anthonioktng of Port ugall in England : ©befe pnfoners toe detepned toitb OS. 
 
 ©n S©mu>aptoe fencourbaatesaujo?efo? frefij toater, tobich (bprtafon of the ratne that 
 fell the former night ) came plentifullp running 00 tone the hilles , and toould other toifr baue 
 beene hard to be gotten there, ©n ©ueroap likctoiCebaumg not pet fttfftcientlp lerueo out 
 t time s,toe lent againe fo? f cefii toater , tobich toas then not fo eafie to be gotten as the dap before, 
 bp r eafb'n of a great toinde: tobich in the afternoone inereafeo alfo in fitch fi>?t , that toe thought 
 it not fafe torioefb neere tbe land ; tohereupon toe toepeD anker and fo departed jao?tbtoeft ano 
 bp \aztt, alongfi the coatt of Fayal 3)(lano, <S>omc of the Snhabitants commtng aboo?D to Ds this 
 dap,toloeds that altoapes about that time of the peerefucbtoinoes Cdefi^outbtoett bleb) on 
 tl;at coatt, 
 
 ©his oap,as toe fapled neere &atnt Georges Jjllano , a huge fift Ipmg ttill a litle bnoer toa- 
 ter, 0? rather euen tberetoith, appeared bard bp ahead of »s, the lea breaking bpon bis backe, 
 toljtdj toas biacke coloured, in fuchfo?t«5 Deeming at tbe firtt it haDbeene a rocke, and the (bip 
 
 Hemming 
 
Thebon.Srleo/Cumk i rarfiquesandDifcoueries. 159 
 
 Hemming Dircctlpttidjbim, we mere putmafuooenfeare toi tbe time: till foone atter toe faui 
 fcim moue out of tbe toap. 
 
 %[)i 1 6 of September in tbenigljt it ligbteneo mucb,tobereupbn tberc follotoeo great toinos 
 anD rainc ,iut)jcb contrauen tijc 17 18 19 20 aim 21 ofdje fame, Clje 2? of^cptembertoe 
 came againe into Faial roao to toeiglj an anker tobicb ( fo? baftc anD f eare of foule toeatber ) toee 
 jjaoieft tbere befoie.toberetoe toent on ujo?eto feetbetotone,tbepeople(as toe tljougbt)bautng 
 noto fctleo tbemfelttes tbere agatne : but nottoitljtf anoing manp of diem tbjouglj too mucb 01= 
 Cruafulneffe, DeparteD anti piepareD to Depart toitb tbeir packets at tljeurHfigbt of bs : bntill 
 f uctj time as tbep toere auureo bp mp Low , tbat our comming toas not anp toap to iniurp tbem, 
 but efpeciallp to Ijaue fteftj toater , ami feme otber tbings neeoefull foj us , contenting tljem foj 
 tlje fame, 
 
 &o trjen toe uietoeo trje Cotone quietlp, ano bougbt fucfj rljings as toe DeltreD fo? ottr moncp 
 as if toe ban bene m England, 9no tbep belpeo to filltts in ftefb toater, recctuingfo? tljcirpainess 
 fuclj fatiffaction as contented tljem, 
 
 ©be a 5 cap toe toere fojceD againe to Depart from f bmce.befoje toe ban fufficientlp toatereD, 
 bp reafon of a great temped tbat fuooenlp atofexn tt/e nigbt, info mucb, tbat mp itoi-o ijtmfelfe 
 foone after mionigltfrapfcD out men out of rtjeirCauines totoep anker , ttinfelfe alfo together 
 toitlj tbcm baling at tlje (£apaen,anD after cbearing tljcmbp toitb toine. 
 
 ©be next Dap toe Cent our Carauell ano tbe Sa wfie-Iacke to tbe reao of <§>aint MicbaeI,to fee 
 tobat tljep caulD efpie : toe follotoing after tbem upon tlje 27 Dap, piping to anD fro, came toitbiti 
 Cgbtof<S>. Michael, butbpcontrarptoinDestlje a8 29 ano jooapestoee toere Djiuen to lee- 
 toaroe, ano coulo not get neere tbe aflaiiD, 
 
 ©be firftof October toee fapleo alongll Tercera,ano euenagaintl Brafiil (ap?omanto?ie 
 ncerero Angra tbe ttrongett ©atone in tbat 3tflanD) toeeefpieDfome boatescomming totbe 
 ©otone, ano maoe out totoaroes tbem ; but being neere to rtje larae tbep ranne to ftjoare am? 
 efcapeo us. 
 
 31n dje afternoone toe came neere to Graciofa, toljereupon mp IL01D foo irtjtoitb fent Captain 
 Lifter to tlje :? lanoers, to let tbem toioerdanD tbat bis DeGce toas onelp to baue toater anD tome 
 of tbe in, ano fbme frclrj uictuals,anD not anp furtber to trouble tbem, ©Ijep anf toereD tbcp co ulo 
 glue no refolute anftoere co ctjts DemaunD,untilI tbe <2Souewo2s of tlje 3lano tjao confuItcD cijcr* 
 upou,anD therefore DeltreD bun to feno againe to tbem tbe nett Dap, 
 
 apombe fecoho Dap of October earlp in tbe mojning, toe fentfo?tfj our long boat anD ]3m= 
 nefTctoitb emptie Cafke,atiD about fomefiftieo?Crtp mentegetbertoitlj tlje Margaret, ano 
 Captaine Dauis bis fijippe : fo j toe noto toanteD all tbe reft of our confutes, 35ttt toben our 
 men tooulo baue IanoeD ,tlje Jlanoers fijot at tbem, anD tooulDnot fuffer tbem. a no troupes 
 of men appeared Upon lanD.toitb enfignes DifpIapeD to refill us : &>o our boates rotoeD alongft 
 tljcujoare, tofinocfome place tobere tbep migbtlano, not to it Ij too mucb Difaouantagc : ouc 
 ujipprsanotljep Kill (booting at tbe jlanorrs: butno place coulo be founoe tobere tbcp migbt 
 Iain tottbout great per ill of looting manp of tljeir hues, anD fo toere conflrapneD to retire toitb* 
 out receiuing anp anftocre, as toas p?omifcB trje Dap before. We bao cljjee men fjurt in tin's con* 
 flict.tobtlett our boates toere tcgetljertn confuting tobattoas bed to be Done : ttoo of tbem 
 toere ftroken toitb a great Q)ot(tobicb tijc 3lanncrs Djeto from place to place toitb Oren)tobere* 
 toitb fde one loft bis bano , ano tl;e otljer bis life toitbin ttoo o? tljjeeDapes after: tlje tlji'rD toast 
 Qjot into bis necke toitb a fmali fiio t , tot t bout anp great b art, 
 
 CEl itb tbefe netoes our companp returneo backe againe at nigbt, tobereupon preparation toas 
 maoe to goe to tbem againe tbe nert Dap: but tbe Dap toas f arre tpenc befo j e toe coulo comeneere 
 tbem toitb our ftjip: neitljer coulo toe finneanp gooDgrounoto anker in, toljcrc toe migbtlpeto 
 batter tbe Eotone ,atiD furtber toe coulo finoe no lanoing place, toitboutgreatDanger toloofe 
 manp men: tobicb migbt turne not onlpto tbe ottcrtlj joto of our Doiage.but alfo put tbe ©uccncjs 
 fijip in great perill f 02 toant of men to biing bet borne, Cbf refo?c tnp I02D tbougbt it btQ to 
 to lit c to tbem to t bis effect; : Ojat be coulo not a title maruell at tbeir inbtimanitic anD crtteltie 
 tobicb tbep bao fbetoeototoaros W men, feeing tbep toere feat up bim unto diem in peaceable 
 manner , to receiuetbetr anftoere torjicbtljep bao pioinifeD to gitte tlje Dap befoie: ano tbattoere 
 ttnotforDon Antonio tbeir latofull king bis fake.be coulo not putupfo great iniurp at tbet'r 
 rjanDSjtoitbout ml! rettcngement Upon tbem: nottoitbffanningfoi Don Antoniobisfak?,tobofe 
 fricno be toas, be toas pet content to feno to tljem once againe fo? tbeir anftocre : 9t nigbt Cap« 
 taine Lifter retnrncD toitb tbis anftoere from tbem. ©bat tbeir ©miner fljot off one of tljeir pee- 
 ce«, tobicb to as cbargeo toitb pouoer onelp , ano toas ftoppeo ; toljiclj our men tbinking it bao bin 
 fijot at tljem, u)ot againe,anD fo begannc tlje Bgbt ' ano tljat tlje nert morning tbep tooulo feno mp 
 
 Oooj lojtJ 
 
160 The Engli(liVoyages,Nauigations, 1'hebon.S.ofCumt 
 
 i.o?DareibiuteanCtoere tobis&emaunoe.fojaspettbEp cuuio not fenotoe rljar ©oucaiours 
 mtnoe Ijecein, 'Sbenert morning tl>tre came unco Dsa licate from ihcujcare Witlja fiaggc of 
 truce, tobercin were ttj?ee of tlje c^iefe men of tbe aflanD , who agteco tut'tljmp JLo?oe tljatbe'e 
 fijoulo Ijaue of tljcm Grtie buttes of urine , ano freftj victuals to refteftj bimfelfe ano btsc tompa« 
 nie Witljall : but as fo? .reuj water , cljev eoulo not fatiffie our necoz therein , Ijauing tijcmfelucis 
 little o? none , fatting fuel) as njep faueo in befiels o? citternes Wljen it rapneo , ano tljat tbep 
 bao rather giuebs two tunnesof tome tijen one of water : but tbep retiuetfeotbat our foul* 
 oicrsmigbtnotcomeon njoarc,fo?tljcp tljemfelucs tooulo b?iiigailt(jep ^ao p?omifeb to tbe 
 toater-Goe,tobiclj rcqucfltoas grauntco, toe keeping one of tbjm aboo?o witb us wittll tbeir 
 p?omife Was perfojmeo , ano tlje other We fent to fljoare toitij our emptie Cafkc ,anD fome of 
 our men tobclpctofill, ano bjingthem awapwitb fiicb other p;ouiGon as teas pjomifco: lb 
 the Margaret, CaptaincDauis bis fljippe, ano another of Weymouth flapeo rpoingat anker 
 before tlje bourne , to take in our p?ouiGon. 'Ebis H'ippe of Weymouth came to bs tbe Dap 
 befo?e,ano bao taken artcb lP?i?e(as itWasrcpo?tcD)wo?tIjGrteenctboufairt> pottno,wljicu 
 J>?ougbc ss neWes tbat tbe Weft-Indian jfleete was not pet come, but woulo comeberp ftjo?t= 
 Ip, Tout we toitb tbe Vi£tone put off to fea , • ano bpon <§>aturoap tlje fourtb of October , toe 
 tooke a Jf rencb fljtppc of ^>aint Malo ( a citie of tbe bnljolp league) Iooentoitb fillj from New, 
 found land : wiricij tjac beene in fo great a tempett j tbat the Was conttrapneo to cut bet mapne 
 mall ouerboojtfoj ber f.tfetie, ano was now comming to Graciofa, to repaire bet felfe. H3ut fo 
 barolp it bcfeltbet , tbat fte nib not ontlp not repaire Ijer former loffes , but loQall tljat remap* 
 neb bnto us, ILbe cljicfe of ber men we tooke into our ffjip, anb fent fome of our men^matiners, 
 anofouloiergiutobcttobjingljcrinto England* 
 
 CJpon tbe <§>uuoap following atnigbt.all ourpjomifco p?ouiGon toaSb?ougbtbntobs front 
 Gratiofa : anb toe frtenDlpoifmfiuDtbe Jlanoers toitij a pealeof Romance, 
 
 Upon 9©unoai»,^uefBap, anb GKconcfoap , toe plpcb to ano fro about ifjofeaflanBcs, be* 
 ing berp rougb weatljer, ano bpon Ojurfcap at nigbt,betngD?itten fome tb?ce o? fottreleagues 
 from Tercera ,1m faw fifteenc faileof tbe Weft- Indian jfleete comminginto tljeHpattenat An- 
 gra in Tercera, But tbe wtnoe was fucb, tbat fo? tbe fpace of foure capes after, tljougb wee 
 lapaScMebptbetoineeastoaspoffible.petWecoutonotcome neere tbem* 3ln this time We 
 loQour late iFrenclj lP?i?e , not being able to lie fo neere tbe Winoe as We, anb Ijcaro no mo?e of 
 tier till we cameto England wbereujeefafelparriueo, 81pon jpunoap toe came berpneeretbe 
 Jpauens moutb, being minoeo to baite runne in amongtt rijem , ano to bflue fetcbeo out fome of 
 tbem it it bao beenc pofftble : ^ut in tbe eno tljis enterp?tfe Was been;eo too oaungerous, conG* 
 Bering tbe ttrengtb of tbe place Wbcre tljcp rooe, being baleb anbtoweoinnccrer tbetoWne,af 
 tbe firtt ftgbt of our app?ocl;ing , ano Iping bnoer tlje protection of tbe Cattle of Brafill, on tbe one 
 ftoe (batting in it fiue ano twentie peeccs of ©finance) ano a fo?t on tbe otber Gbc Wberein Were 
 1 3 0} 14 great b?affe pieces. Befioes, wben we came neere lano tlje winoe pjooueo too fcant foj 
 bs to attempt anp fucb enterpjtfe. 
 
 {Upon ^Luefoap : i;c fourteecntlj of October we fent our boatc to tbe roaoe to founb tbe cept ii, 
 to fee if tbere were anp ankonitg place fo? Me , Wljere we migljt lie witljout fljot of tlje battle 
 ano jf o?t, ano tuuljin (not of fome of tljofe ujippcs , tbat We migljt citber make tljcm come out to 
 Us, o^GnketbemWrjeretbcp lap. ©urboate returnee batting founo out fucij aplaceasweoe- 
 preo, but tlje Winoe woulo notfufferbstocomenecrcitjano agatneif Wecoulo Ijattc anko?co 
 tbere, it was tbottgljt likelp tbat tljep Woulo ratljernmnetbcmfelucs a grounbto fattc tljeic 
 lines ano liberties , ano fome of tbeir gooDS, tben come foo?tlj to loofe tbeir liberties anb gocos 
 to tosttjeic enemies . S>o wefijot attljera to fee if Wecoulo reacljtijem, but it fell farrefijojt* 
 3nDtbusweoeparteo,tljinkingitnot probable tbat tbep Woulo comefoo?tb fo long as WcWat- 
 cljeofo?tbem before tlje bauens moutb, o^WitljinGgbt oftbem,5fo?tljefpaceof Gue Dapesafttc 
 toe put off to fea , ano lap toitljout Ggljtof tljcm, ano fent a pinneffe to lie out of Ggbt cfofebp ikt 
 fljo?e , to tying bs Wojo tf tljep Qjoulo come foojtlj, 9fter awljile tbe pinneffe returnto ano 
 toloe bs tljat tljofe ujips in tbe Cpauen Ijao taken DoWne tljetr faples , ano let oowne tbeir toppe 
 mafies : fo tbat Wee fuppofeo tbep tooulo neuer comefoojtlj, till tbep percemeo bs to bee 
 quite gone, 
 
 Saijerc fo je bpon tbe 2 o of D ctober,beating tbat tljcr e toerc certaine fecottifij Qjips at &aint 
 Michael,we fapleo tljitbcr, ano fottno tljere one <§>cottiuj roater,ano two 0? tb?ec mo?e at Villa 
 Franca.tbe nert roao a leape 0? two from tbe toWneo f S> .Michael, to tljeCafiwaros: of wbom 
 toe baD fo? our relief e fome fmall quantitie of toine ( viz. fome fiue 0? Gre buttcs of tbem all ) ano 
 fome treftj Water, but notljing fufficttnt to ferue our ttirne, 
 
 ©pon'Cucfoap tbe one ano ttoenttetb of October, toe fent ourlongboareto ujo?efojfreuj 
 
 toatcr 
 
The bon.Srle ofQumb. Traffiques and Difcoueries. \6\ 
 
 toatcr at a tyooke a little to the QEtefltoarbs from Villa Franca, 
 
 J5utt(je Inhabitants coping; bs came bourne toitlj ttoo CnftgnesbifplapeD, anb about fome 
 bunDjcD anD fiftie men armco,to toithllant) our lanoing, !§>o our irten batting; (petit all their pou* 
 cer bpon them in attempting to lano, ano not being able to p?euailc at fo great oboes , retucnefl 
 fruflratc. 
 
 jf com hence toe bepartcb totoatbes ^aini Maries 3iflanb,mtiitiing to toater there , ano trjeri 
 to goefojtlje coaft of Spaine, jfo? toe Ijao intelligence that it toas a place of no great fo?ce,ann 
 tljat toe might boater there berp toell ; therefore bpon Jfrioap follototng, nip iojbfent Cap-' 
 tainc Lifter, anoCaptaine Amias Prcfton nolo 4>ir Amias Prefton ( toijo not long before 
 came to bs out of his otenc fljippe, ano fijc looting bs in the night , hce toas fo?cea to carrp ftil! 
 toitbbs) toithour longboate ano pinncfle, ano fome Grtie 0} fcttentie ujottein thcm.tortb 
 a frienDlp letter to tije 31lanbers, chat tbep toottlb grant bs Icattc totoatcr, anbtoe tooulo no fur* 
 tber trouble tljem, 
 
 g>o toe oeparteo from the Vi&orie fojtlje 3!lanb,about nine oftlje clock in the fojenoone,anD 
 rotoen freftjlp bntill about 3 a clocke afternoone. 9t tobtch time cur men being fomctrjing toca* 
 rp toith rotoing.ano bemg toitljin a leagtico? ttoo of the fljo?e,anD 40^5 leagues from the Vidtc- 
 rie, tfjep efpieo (to their refrefljtitttjttooftjips rpoing at anker baro bnDer tljetotone , thereupon 
 Ijauiug fijiftcb fome 6 0? 7 of our men into Captatnc Dauis ijts bcate , being toamuclj peflereo 
 in our otone, ano rctapning toitbbs fome 20 fljot in tlje pirinclle, toemabe toap totoarbes them 
 toith all the fpecbe toe coulo, 
 
 53p tlje toap as toe rotoeo toe fato boates patting bettoirt tlje rcacers ano tlje fljo?e , anb men 
 in tljeir ftjtrtcs ftoimminganbtoabingto ftjearejtobo as toe perceiueoaftcrtoarbes, toerela-- 
 bottring to fct tljofc ujtppesfaH on grotmo , ano tije inhabitants as bufilp preparing tbemfelues 
 foj tlje Defence of t!joferoaDersf,t!jctr3ilanD, ana tljemfeltteSf SLiljen toe came nccrethem,Cap« 
 taine Lifter commaunbeb tlje trumpets to be foimbeb , but pjcbibitco anp fljot to be bifebargeo 
 at ebem^ntilltbepljao Direction from him: T5iitfomeoftbecompame,eitljcrnottoellperceu 
 uing 0? regarding tobatljefapb.tmmeoiatlp bpon tlje fottnb of tlje trumpets Difchargcb their 
 pieces at the 3|flamiers ,tuytcl)fa? the motf part lap in trenches anb fojtefieo places bnfeene, to 
 tljeir otone belt aouantage % tofja tmmebtatlp fljot likctotfe at bs, botlj toitlj fmall anb great fljot, 
 toitbout banger to tbemfelttes*. jfrottoitljfianaing Cap'tatne Lifter eatneKIpljaGeneBfojtoarD tbe 
 SiapleriS tljat rotocb , toijo be pnne to fljjinke at that fljot , fiptug fo fafl about tljeir eares , ano 
 jjimfelfe firtt entring one of trje fljippes tljat lap a litle further from ujoare tljcn trje other, toe fpe* 
 Dtlp follotoco after hint into her, fltll piping tljem toitlj our fljot, 9nn Ijauingcuctn funberljec 
 Cables anb i^aufers, totoco ijer ato?p snith our pinnclTe* 3In tlje meane time Captains Dauis 
 bis boateouertoofee bs ano entrcn into the other fljippe, toljiclj alfo (astrjefo?mer)toasfojfafceni 
 bp all her men : but tljep taere conttrapneD to leatte Ijer 5 1 come againe into tljeir boate(totjiIe8 
 fljot ano ttones from fijoarc fletofafta!iiongtttljem)finbingljcr totticke fa faQ a grounbe, that 
 tljep couId not Hire hst: toijichtljeCotonefmen alio perccimng,anb feeing thattbep toerebut 
 fetoetn number, anb bs (buCeb about the otljer fijip)not comming toapoe t!jcm,toerep?eparing; 
 tohaue come anb taken them, "3ut tljep retttrnebbntobs,aiibfo together toe came atoap to* 
 toaros the Viaory , totoing oftcr bs tlje p?i?e that toe hab noto taken, toljich toas latelp come 
 from Brafill, loben toitlj §iugar, 
 
 3in this fight toe hab ttoo men daine anb 1 6 tootmoeb : ano as fo? tljem, it is like thepfjab litle 
 butt , Iping fo % the mofl part bcljinb Sone toalles* tohiclj toerc builocb one abotte another hsra bp 
 the fea line, bpon tlje eno of the hill toljcretipon tlje ^otone Coodc bettoitt ttoo ballcpes, Opott 
 tlje toppe of the Ijill lap tljeir great ffl?binance (fttchas tljep Ijao) toherctoith thepujot leattcrt 
 bullets, toljercof one picrceb through our p^tjeg fine, anb lap flti J in tlje fljippe toitljout boing anp 
 mojebarme. 
 
 Che nett bap toe toent againe fo j toatcr to tlje fame 3Hanb,but not knotoing befojc theiucon* 
 uenience ano oifaouantage of the place toljere toe attemptco to lano, toe rcturneo fruflrate* 
 
 Clje fame night tlje 25 of October toe nepartea fo? <§>. Georges jlanb foj freflj toater ,tohi' 
 ther toe came dnSpunaap follotoing October 27,ano Ijattingefpieb toljcrea fpout of toatercame 
 running do tone : tlje pinnelfe anb long boate toerc piefentlp maitneb anb fent bnber the conbttcc 
 of Captaine Prefton, ano CCaptaine Munibn, bp toljom mp JLojd fent a letter to the 3Ilanbcrs as 
 i)efe?e, to grant bs Icntie to toater onelp.ano toe wottlo no further trouble ttjemmottoitljfi anbing 
 our men couimiug on fijoare fpunb fome of tije pooje planners, toljiclj fo? feare of bs Ijib tljcm^ 
 felues amongft tije roches, 
 
 9no on ffiEHebnefoap follotoing our boats returneb toitlj freflj toater.toljercofthep brought on« 
 Ip fire tunnes fo? the Vj&oiie , alieaguig tljep cotilb get no mo?e , thinking ( as it toas fuppofeb) 
 
 Ood 3 
 
i<5z TheEnglifb Voyages 3 Namgations,77W:w2..£r/i? ofQumb, 
 
 tbat mp io jd bauing no mojc pjoutfion of toater anb toiuc, but onclp 1 2 tunnes, mottlo not goe 
 fo j tLje ccaft cf Spaine, liut CratgljE fo? tbc caaiJ of England , asmanp of our mcngreatlp Dtli* 
 reD : noitoithttanaing mp lo?b toas unwilling fo to boe,anb toas nutiDeD tbenert Dap to baue ta* 
 km tu moje toater t but though rougbncffe of the feas ana toinbe,anDbntoillingneu"e cfljis mcn^ 
 it toas nac bone. ^cthislpon.purpofcDnottoreturne tojitlj lo mud; p?ouiCon tonlpcnt , anb bis 
 iiopagc ( as be tl;oug|)t ) not pet yctfo jmen in Tuclj fo?t as moughtgiue fome reasonable content 
 mctit oj fatifFactton to bimfclfc ano others. 
 
 ©berefojebecaufeno mo?e toater coulD noto comienicntfp be gotten ,anD being bncmame 
 toben it rouio be gotten , ano the time pf our (raping aboojb alfo bncertaine , the matter being 
 referreD to the cbopfe of tbetohoIecompanie,toh!tbcnheptooulD tatrie longer, till tore might 
 be mojie fttfftticmlp pjouibeo of freib toater, 0? goe bptbecoa&of Spainefo? England, toith 
 balfe fo much allotoanre of Djsmkc as before , thep totllinglp agreeo that cucrp meafe (bottle bee 
 allotoea at one meale but halfe fo much bjinke as thep toere accuflomeD ( ercept them that toere 
 £icheo?tDounijeo)amifotogocfo?England,tafetngt!jecoaaof Spaine in our toap , to fee if toe 
 couio chat toap make bp our bopage. 
 
 tiyon g>atutbap ©ctob. 3 1 toe fent the Margaret(bccaufe fl;e leakebmuclObtrectlp fo? Eng- 
 land, together toiib the p^e of ^afiletohich toe tooke atg>,Marie, attorn them fome of our 
 hurt anti tobunbeb men oj othertoife ficke toere fent home as thep oefirea, fo? England: but Cap* 
 tflinc Monfon toas taken out of the Megge into the Vi&orie. 
 
 g>otoe bclaon ourcourfefojtbecoattofSpainetoithafafre toinbeanb alargctohicbbcfoje 
 toe felDome bao. 9no bpon 'Ktocfbap follotoing being the 4 of 33ouemb, toe efpieu a faile right 
 before bs, toiuc!) toe chafeo till about tbjee a^lockcintheafternooiie, attobtchtime toeouerta* 
 Sing her, the Grckc faple, anb being DcmaunDeD tofco toas her otoner anb from tohencc fhe toa0, 
 thep anfwereca Portugall, anb from Pemanbucke in Brafile.§>he toas a fijtp of fonie 1 1 o turns 
 Inirben.frat'gbtcb toitb 4JocheiIcsofg>ttgar,anD 50 iSmtals of 'B?aftll-tDooD , cuerp Eintall 
 containing 01:0 Ijuhdjcd pounD tocicrht: toe tookebcr in latitttoe nine ano ttoentie begrecs.about 
 ttootymcjeb leaguesffrom Lisbone tocStoarbg: Captaine Prefton toas pjefentlp fent unto her, 
 toho brought t'ue pjinctpall of her men aboojb the Vi<5torie, ano ccrtaine of our men, mart* 
 rers ana fouloicrstotre fent aboojb her, 'SLbePoitugalsof this ip^etolbbsthnt thepfatoan* 
 otbcrfbtp before them that Dap abctttnoonc. i&autngtljerefojebifpatcheb all things about the 
 1$lty af ?cf«D,awj left our leng boat toith Captaine Dauis, taking his Ieffer boat toith bs , toe 
 maoe toap a£r? this other fbip toith all the faples toe coulD bcarejholoing on our rourfe Due Caff, 
 anb giuing o?aer to Captaine Dauis his u)ip atib the 13 jif e that tljep (houlb folloto bs buc Caff, 
 ano that if thep baa fight of bs the morning follotoing thep ftjoulb folloto bs ffilluf not,thcp Qjoulo 
 
 goeffl? England, 
 
 ©he nrct moaning toe cfpteo not t&e faple tohtch toe tljafeb, ano Captaine Dauis bis fbip ana 
 the ^ije toere beljtnsebs out of fight; buttbencrt 'Cbttrfoap the firt of ^ouember(,betng in 
 iatituQe 3 8 Degrees 3 o minutes, ano about firtie leagues from Lisbone tocfttoarbs)earlp in the 
 moving Captaine Prefton ocfcricD a faple fomettooojthjee leagues a heabof bs, after tobicj) 
 toe pjefenelp hatteneo our tljafe.ano ouercooke fjer about eight 0? nine of the tlocke befoje noone, 
 ^>he tame latelp from g>aint Michaels roaoe , hatting beene befoje at Brafill looen toitlj S>u* 
 . gar ano TSjafile. i^autng fent cur boat to them to bjing fome of the tbiefe of tljeir men aboojn 
 the Viftorif, in the meane time tobileft thep toereintommingtobs one out of themame toppe 
 efpt'cb another Stile a fteab fome tljjee or foure leagues from bs, &o immebiatelp bpon the re* 
 turne cf our boate, hailing fent her batke againe toitl; fome of our men aboojb the p?i?e, toe pur* 
 ftttD fpceDilp tljis ncto chafe, toith all tlje faples toe coulD patke on, ano about ttoo a tlocke in the 
 aftemooneouertookeber: (be (jab mabe p?ouifton to fight toitlj bs, hauing bangeb the fibesof 
 the (hip fc tijicketoitij ljiccs(tohctetoith cfpecialip (be toas loDen)tbat mufket (hoc coulo not haue 
 jjfarceo them : but per tot hao DifchargeD ttoo great pieces of our Omittance at her > (he Broke 
 farIr 3 nnDaup?otljingnccrcr, toe afking of tohence thep toere, thep anftoereb from the Weft- 
 Indies, from Mexic o, ano &aint Iohn de Lowe ( truelp calleo Vlhua, ) ttljis (hip toas of fome 
 tljjee o^foure htinb?eb tunnes, anoljao in her fctten hunD?eo hi&es too?th tenne (billings a peece : 
 Oreci;cfisofCcchitieII,rt;crpcheQhou!DingoncbtinDjeDpounDtocight,anDetierppounDtoo?tfa 
 fj. ■. s:?d ttoentie fljillings auD eight pence, ano ccrtaine thefts of gutgar anD China Difijcs,toith 
 fcmepIafeanbGluer. 
 
 •S.be Captaineof Ijer toas an Italian, anb bpbisbebauiour fecmcbtobcatj;ratie, teife.ana 
 ciuili man: he has P«£ in asttenture in this Hippe fine anb ttoentie thottfanD Dutkats. ZSXtz 
 tc;ok-bim toith certatne otrjer of her cHcfeftmcn (toljicl; toere Spaniards) into the Viclorie: 
 anb C:ptaine Lifter toith fo mauie other of the djiefeft of our Scanners, foulbiers, anb faplers 
 
The hon.Srle ofQumb. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 162 
 
 as toere tljougbt fufficienc,to the number of 20,0? cljereaboutp,tJJcrc few into hermit the mesne 
 time (tee ttaping) our otfjer p?i?ess tobiclj follotoco aftcr.camc up to ise, Slno noise toeehao our 
 fcanos full ano to:tb top fljapeo our cour fe fa? EngIand,fo? fo it mas thought mcc tett, batting ncto 
 fomatip Porcugals.Spaniards ano Frenchmen amongff bS.tbat tf toe IhOUlO Ijaue taken anp ino?e 
 p?i?cs aftcctoaros,toer bao not bene tocll able to bane manncothem toitbotit enoangcringottr 
 fclurs. &o about 6.of the clockc in the aftcrnoone (tohen our other p?i?e bao oucrtaken bs)ujee 
 fetfaile fo? England. Tout our p?i?rs stotbemajabletobearerjsconipaijptoitljoutfpatmgtljeiii 
 man" of our fatle E,tuinclj caufeo out fbtp to rotolc ano toalloto , in facb fo?t that it toas not onelp 
 »e;p troubicfome tabs, bttt.as it toas tljougljt, tootilo alfofaatie puttbc mameSpaSein oangcr of 
 falling ouerboo?D:bamngacquaintco them uiiclj tbcfcmconueniences,toegaue trjem Direction to 
 kccpetbcir cottrfcstogctbcr.folotoingbs.anofo to cometo Portfmouth. 823e tooketbis lattp?ije 
 in the latitttoe of 3 5?.Di:grees,ano about 46\lcagues to the GLtefttoaros from %\)t Eocfte. 
 
 &i)eiMSoncoftijofei64ljtpsWbtcl)toefawpinajintotijeijauenatAngramTer5eri,©c^ 
 totcr 8. ^omc of tije men tljat idc toofee out of ijet toloe i3S s tljat luljilcti toee aereplpingop ano 
 Bdtime before that batten, as befo?etoas fbetoeo, ejecting the comming foo?tb oftbofe Chipper 
 tb?e£oft!)egEeacettanDbc{roftljem,attheapp^mtm^ 
 
 loami of their trcafure ano marcbanoi?e, 3no in cuerp of ttjem lucre put tb?ce buno?eo g>ottloi* 
 crs, usijtel) tocre appointCD to Ijaue come to lap tije Victory aboo?o in the nigbt 3 ano take her ; but 
 toljen this ffjoulo baue bene ooue the Victory toas gone out of tbeir fight. 
 
 333iatMeiBeutmecrilpbefo?nijelu;nDeDJtcI).alltbefaitesir!ecoulobearc, ittfomuchthatui 
 t|je tpace of i^honrcs, use faileo net re 47.leagucs,that is feucnfcc?e Englifh mtles 3 bectotjct jfrt- 
 oap at uoone ano ^aturoap at noone (nottoithftanoing the fhippe teas bcrp fou!e,ano much) 
 grotone toith lo«g being at §>ea ) tohicb caufeo fome of our contpanp to mafce accompt thep 
 tooulo fee tohat winning at 'Silt there ujoulo bee at Whitehall bpon the SQueenes oap. ©thers 
 toercimaginingtobataChrirtmas thep tooulo fteepe in England toith their fbaresoftljep^ifes 
 to? Ijao taken, lUttt foit befell, that toe sept a cotee Chriftmas toith the ^ifljop ano his clearkss 
 (rockes that Ipe to tije aOefitoaros from Sylly.ano tije a&efierne parts of England:) jfo? foone 
 after the toino framing came about to the CaQtoaros ( the too?ll part of the heattens fo? bs,from 
 tobicljtbciuinoecoulobloiiJ) in fuel) fau,tljat toe coulo not fetcb anp part of England. &nobere* 
 t!ponaIfoDural!otoanceofo?!nfee,tobicljtoa3fcant.pnottojtjbefoje,toaspecmo?emo}cfcantcDj 
 becaufc of the fcarcttts tljereof in tije fijippe, g>o that noto amaniuas allotoeo butljalfeaptnte at 
 a mcale.ano tbat manp times catie toater,ano fcarce ftocete, 3i5ottoitljff anoing this toas an bap* 
 pie efiatc in comparifauof that tobicl) follotoco : jFo? from halfe a pinte toe came to a quarter,anu 
 that laffeo not long neither, fo that bv reafon of this great fcarcitic of ojtnfee, ano contranetie of 
 toinoe,toe thought tt> put into lreland,;here to relieue our toants. 15ut toljcn toee cameneerc tljt'» 
 ther,lping at hull r,ll night ( tarrping; fo? tljeoapltght of the nert mojning, tohcrebp toe might the 
 tamper bjingour ftip into fome tonucnient harbour there) toe toerc B?inen fo farre to Ice-toaro, 
 that uic coulo fetch no part cf Ireland.fo as totth heauic bea?ts ano fao tljeare, toee tocre conflrei* 
 nee to rcturne bacne againe.ano erpect till it fijoulo pleafe ©00 to feno bs a faire toinoe either fo? 
 England 0? Ireland. 3fn the meanetimc toe tocre allatoeo euerpman th?ee 0? foute f^ioonesfuli 
 of binrgerto o?infee at a mrale: fo? other o?tnlte toe Ijao none,fauing onelp at ttoo 0? th?te meales, 
 toben toe hao in ficao hereof as much toine,tobicb toas to?ingeo cut of Mline-lccs th4 rcmainco. 
 ©Huh this bars fare .( fo? bp rcafen of cur great toant of o?inRe,toce ou'rtt eate but berp litle) toee 
 contintteo fo: the rpnee of a fourtnight 0? thereabouts: §)auingtbat noto ano cbmtoee feafleo fo? 
 it in the meane time : 9uo that toas toben there fell anp baileo?raine: tljehaile-ftones tocegathe» 
 reo up ano tiio care tljcm mo jc pleafantlp then if thephab bene the ftoeetefl Comfits iu tl;e too?lo; 
 'SThe ratne-o?ops toerc fo carcfullp fatteo , that fo ncere as toee rottloc, not one toas lofiin all out 
 fijippe, >§>2me hangeo bp fljcetcs tieo toith co?oes bp the foure co?ners,ano a toeight in the miott 
 that tbe to iter ir.igi}t rtmne ootone tljtther, ano fo be receittco into fome beffell fee 0? hangeobn' 
 8ern?tht§»antetljat toanteo fbeetes, hangeobpnakins,ano clouted, ano toatcljco them till thep 
 toeret^?3totoet,tben i to?jng(hgano fucking out thetoater* Snothattoatcrtohichfell ootone 
 ■'in;) to aljcrj atoap the filth anD fopling of the fl)!ppc,troo bnoerfoote,as bao as running ootone the 
 liw'ejl man? times tojen (tramet^toas not loft 3! toarrant pou,but toatcljeo ano attcnoeo care= 
 ■ (peafometimess toitl)flcifeanocontention)ateuerpfctipper-hole, ano other place toherc it 
 tanneootone.totth oifhes J pots,cannes > ano31arces ) tohercoffomeD?unke Ijeartp o?augljts etten 
 as rt xjias Jtuis anti sil,li;itl)ont t^.rrpmgta clmfc 0? fettle it t aDtrjer© clenreri it gtfl.but not often, 
 fo? it toss fo tbtcfte ariStoetttfo Hotolp ti;o?oto,that thep might ill cnottre to tarp fo Iong,ano tocre 
 lotbrolocfe (od much 0? fuch precious ftttffe : fome lickco toith their tongues (like oogges) the 
 boarogbnoci- feetc, tije fioes, raiics, ano SpaSs of tije fijippe : others that toeremojeingeniottSji 
 
 falleneo 
 
l*« ■ I - ■ 1 ■ - . 1-U »- III. . ™^— ■ !-■ ■ > 
 
 164. TheEnglifh VoyagesJSlmigztions, c rbebon.£rle ofQumb. 
 
 faficneo girtrtes 0} ropes about tbe S^a3es, oatobing.tal!otobettolutl)cmaiiDtlje$^aue(tbat 
 tljerainc might nottuime ootone brttoeene) in fuel) fo?t, tljat ttjofe ropes ojgiroles banging 
 lotoerontbeoneGoetbenon tfjeotljer, afpout of leather luas faflcneo to t tje lotoeC pare of trjem, 
 tljat all tlje raineo;ops tljat came running ootone tbe SSpauXmigbtmectetogetljer attljatplace, 
 anotbcrebcrccaueD. 
 {fee tljat got a cannc of totter bp tljefe meancs teas fpeken of, fueo to, ano cmtico as a rtc& 
 
 man,Q^atnpulchrumdignomonftrari& dicier hie ell? SiomeoftijepoojeSpaniardstbattoe 
 tjaa taken(toljo nottoitbtranotngljao tlje fame allotoance tljat our otmte men Ijaojtooulo come ano 
 cratieof wjo} tbe louc of (Sod, but fo muctj toater as tbep coulo Ijoloe in tlje bolloto of tbeir Ijano: 
 ano trjep Ijao it,nottoitljfo.nDing our great ertremitie, to teaclje tbem fome ijumanitie tn (lead of 
 tbetr accuftcmeo barbar tttc.botb to bs ano other nations IjeretofcjcSljep put alfo bullets of leao 
 into tljeir mcutbes 1 flake tbeir tljirff. 
 
 .iftoto fri euerp comer of tbe fijippe toere fjcarb trjc lamentable cries of Gcke ano toounoeo men 
 feunotngtoofullpinour eares,crpmg out ano pitifullp complaining fojtoant of ojinke, being 
 renop to oie 3 pca manpoping fo? lacke tljereof,fo as bp reafon of this great ertremitie toe loll ma* 
 np moje men , t ben toee ban Done all tlje bopage befo?e: batting before tljis time bene fo Vuell ano 
 fufficientlp p?ouiDeo fo?, tljat toe liueo in maner as tocll ano bealtbfullp.ano oico as feto as if toee 
 ljaobencinEngland,b3bereasnobJligbtIpeui;rpDapfomcbjercca(!ouerboo?D. 
 
 T5ut tbe fecono nap of December 1 5 8 p, toas a fefltuall cap tottl) Us, foj tljcn it ratneo a gooo 
 pace.anD tocefaueo fome p?etie (to?e of raine toater (tljouglj toee toere tocll toet fo? it,ano tljat at 
 imonigrjt) ano filleo our Duns full beGoes: noitoitbttanDing it toere muooieano bitter toitlj toau> 
 tng tbe (Juppe, but (b)ttbfomefugarbJbicbtoebaotofujeetenitbJitball)itbJentmerrilpoobone, 
 petmriembjeotocanti toiftjeo foitoitljallourbearts,manpa Conouit,pumpe,fp?ing,(jfireame 
 of cleare fweete rutining tuater in England: Slno Ijoto miferabletoecbao accempteo fome pooje 
 foules tobom toe Ijao fecne ojiucn fo? tbiril to ojinke tbcreof, ano jjoto bappp toe tooulo noto baue 
 tbougbt our felttes if toe migb t baue ban our fills of tlje fame : pet fijoulo toee baue fareo tlje bet* 
 ter toitlj tijis out pooje feafffog; if toe migbt baue Ijao our meate ano oiinke (fuel; ano fo mucfj as 
 tttoas )ftano quietlpticfojebs: butbeGocall tbe former crtrcmitie&toectoerefotoflro ano tur* 
 moilcotoitbfuc!) ljojribicGc?mte ano tnnpeuuoustoeatber.tbatcuerpmanbaobeu^oiDefafibfe 
 Canne, cup.attD otdj in b is bancs, pea ano btmfelfe too,manp times,bp tbe ropes,railes,o£ Goes of 
 tbeujipojelfcbe Gjoulofocnennoe all bnocrfeae. 
 
 Jjpsretoiuj our maine fatle toas tome from tbe paroe ano blotonc ouerboojo quite atoap t'nta 
 tbe fea teitbout reeouerp , ano our otber failes fo rent ano tojne ( from fioe to fioe fome of tbem) 
 trjat batoip anp of t bem cfrapco bole, ^Elje raging toaues ano foming furgeg of tbe fea came rcto« 
 lingltke mountaincs one after anotber , ano ouerrakeo tbe toafie of tbe lljippe like a nu'gtie riuet 
 running oucrit,bibcreas in fairetoeatber it toas neere 2o.footeabouetbetoater,tijat notoetoee 
 
 tnigttcrp OUttoitb tlje p?incelplp?0pbctPfalmeiO7.verf.26.They mount vp to heaucn,and 
 defcend to the deepe,(o that their ioulemeltech away for trouble: they recle too and fro, and 
 ftagger like a drunken man,and all their cunning is gone. (HHitb tbis ertremitie Of foule toea* 
 
 tber tlje fijip toas fo tofleo ano fljaken,tbat bp tbe craking notfe tt maoe, ano bp tbe leaking tobicft 
 toas noto mucb mo?e tben o?oinarp , toee tnere in great feare it tooulo Ijaue fijakenin funoer,fo 
 tb^tnoto alfo toe bao i'uG cattfe to pjapalttleotbertoife tben tbe lpoet,tbougl» marring cbeberfe, 
 pet menoing tlje meaning. 
 
 Deus maris & Cceli,quid enim nlfi vota fuperfunr, 
 Soluere quaflaca; parcito membra ratis. 
 
 ji2ottoitbfisnDing it plcafco ©00 of bis great goooneffe to oeliuer bg out ofttjts bangec&beri 
 fo?tljtoit!j a neto maine fatle toas maoe ano fafteneo to tbe paro, ano ttje relf repaireo as time ann 
 place tooulofuffentoblclj toe ljaonofooneroone,butpct againe toee toere troubleo toitb as great 
 Ertremitie as bcfo?e,fo trjat againe toe toere like to baue loll our neto maine faile,ljao not S^aflec 
 William Antony the 95}a3er of tbe Ibip rjimfclfe ( tofjennone elfe tooulo 0? outtt ) benturcD toitlj 
 banger of Ojotoning bp creeping along bpon tbe maine paroe ( toljicb toaslct ootonc clofe to tbe 
 railcs)£ogatber it bp out of tlje fea, ano to fatten it tljereto, being in tbemeanetobile oft-timeiEt 
 Otickco oucr Ijeab and cares into tbe fea. 
 
 ■Ebefe tomes toere fo terriblc,tljat tbere toere fome incur companp,tobicb confefleo tljepljaB 
 gone to fcasfoj tljefpaccof 2o,peeres,anD baoneuerfeenetbe like,anb botoeo tljat if euerthep 
 rcturnco fafc borne, tljcp toottlo Better rome to §jea againe. 
 
 ■SDbclaftof ji5otiember at nigbttoemettoitbanEngliihujip.outoftobicbCbecaufe it toas too 
 Iatetbatn;gbt)it toasagrcco tljat toe (IjoulDljauebao tbe ne« morning ttooo?tbjee Dunnes of 
 teine.toljicb.ag tljep faio,toas al tlje pjouiGon of o^infe tljtp {iao,faue onlp alBut 0? ttoo,tobit&tbep 
 
 mull 
 
Thebon.SrleofCumb. TraffiquesandDifcoueries. 165 
 
 luattnceDsicfetuefo^tljnrottjneiofeiljutafcectljatjiucljEacooftbEniiionio^ctUltljcpuJtrefec 
 on ground bpon the coattof Ireland, tobere it appeared tljat tbep might banc fpareo bs mud; mo je 
 then tbep pjetcnoea tljcp couIa,fo as ihep mtgljt vacl haue relieuea our great neceu"ities,aua Ijaue 
 Jjaa fufficicnt foj tbcmfelues ueu*De0,to b:tng them into England 
 
 ■SErje firft of December at ntgrjt toe fpake toit b^notber Enghfli (hip.and had fome beerc cut of 
 ftecbut not fufficicnt to carrp bs into E nglandjo that toee toere conftraineo to put into Ireland, 
 thetoinaefofcruing, 
 
 r Cbe nerc cap toe came to an an&er.uot far from the ^>.Kelmes bnoer the land | tomae,tohere 
 toe tocre fometobat mo?e quiet, but ( that -being no fafe harbour to ride in)tlje nert morning toec 
 toent about to toeigb anker, but bauingfomcof our men Ijurt attbeCapften.toeeteerefaincto 
 giue oucr ano leaue it bchmoc, boloing on our courfe to Ventre batten, tobere toee fafelp arriuco 
 tbefame Dap, tbac place beingaaerp fafe ano conttem'ent barbo? foj as,tbatnoto toee might Ctig 
 as toe haD tuft catife, They that goe downe to the Sea,&c. 
 
 ^>o foone as toe Ijao ankereo here mp io?o toent foojcfjluitfj to fljoare.and b jought p?efent!p 
 feed) toater ano freffj bictuals.as {©uttons.pigges^jennes^c.torefreibbiscoinpanp toitball. 
 3aottoitbflanoingh:mfeIfe baa Iatelp beneberptoeake, ano tatted of tbefame ertremitfc tbat his 
 Companp aid: Jfo? in the time of our fonner toant,bauing a little freflj mater left bun reniainmrj 
 in a pot.in tljentght it toas ojoken, ana tbe toater omnke anddjied op. s&oone after the flckc ano 
 toounoeo men toere carried to tlje nert principal! 'SCotone.callea Dingenacufh.bcmg about clj jee 
 miles Dtttant from tbc fojtfaioe hauen, tobere our fhippe roaoe,to tbe CaQtoaros ; that tfcere ttjcp 
 migbt be tbe better refrc{bed,ano bad the Chirurgians oaplp to attr no open them, ipcrc toe tocl 
 refreujed our felucs tohilcff the It i(h barpe founoeo ftoeetclp in our eares,ano here toe,tobo foj the 
 former ertrcmiiies toere in manrrbalfeoeaOjbao our liues(as it tocre) reftojedbnto usagairte, 
 
 •Stbis Dingenacufh is tbe cbiefe^otone in al tbat part of Ireland.it cofiUetrj but of one maine 
 flrcetcfromtobcnce fome fmallcrooepjocecoe on either fioe. 3t hath had gates(as it feemetb) 
 in times pad at eitber ende to open ano (nut as a -Cotonc eftoarre,and a £ attic alfo, %\)t houfes 
 are ueq> ftronglp built toith thicke ttone toalles,and narroto mincotoes like onto Catties : f 0? as 
 tber> tonfeiTeD.tntime of trouble, bp reafon of tbe toilde Irilli ojotbertoifc, thepbfed their houfesi 
 fo } tbeir c. fence as Catties, Clje cattle and al! tbe bottfes in rbe 3Lotone, fauc foure, toere toon, 
 burnt, ano ruinated bp tbe €tle of Defmond. 3Lhefe foure boufes fortified thcmfelueg againll 
 him,andtoitbttooo ljim ana all bis potoerperfojce,fo as he could not totnne them, 
 
 <£bcre rcmainetb pet a thicke Cone toall ^jat pafleth oticrtbtoart tbe miott of the llreete tohicfj 
 toas a part of tbeir fortification. jftottoithttanoing tobilett tbep thus defended tbemfelues , as 
 fomeof them pet altue confeflco,tbcp toere ojiuen to as great ertrcmities as tbe Ie wes.befiegeo 
 bp Titus tbc Romane €mperour,infomuch tbat thep tocre eonflraineo to eat dead mens carcaies 
 foj hanger. 3Cbe Eotonc is notoe againe fometohat repa!'rco,but m effect there rcmaine but tlje 
 rutnesot'tbefojmet ketone, Commonlp tbep bane no cljimneis in tbeir boufes.erccptfng trje'm 
 of tbe better fo?c,fo tljat tbe fmoake toasberp troublefom to bs,tobtle toe continued tljere, tZPljeir 
 fctocll ia tttrfes, toljiclj tbep ^aue bcrpgooo, and tommies 0? furres. %\;ete grotoetlj little tooon 
 tbercabouts , toljtcb maketb building rljargeablc tljere : as alfo toant of lime ( as tbep reported) 
 tobicb tbep arefaiae to fetcb from farrctoljcn tjjep rjaue neede tljereof, 15ut of Bones tljere is tto?e 
 pnougb, to tbat tottb tbcm tljep commonlp make trjeir Ijcagcs to pare eerj mans grouno frcm 0- 
 tber; ana tbc ground feemetb to be nothing elfe tottljin but rockesano ttsnescget it is berp fruit- 
 full ano pleiuif nil of gtafle.and graine,as map appears bp tbe abundance of kine ano cattel there: 
 tnfomucb tbat tot baa jooo muttons (though fometohat lette then ours in England) fo? ttoo fljtl* 
 lings 0? fitte groatcsa picce.goodpiggcs and ^ennes fo? 3, pence apiece, 
 
 ^begreatett toant is inouflriotts,painefuH, and hufbandlp inhabitants to till ano trimme 
 the ground t foj t!;e commonfojt, if thep can pjouiee fufficient to feme from bano to mouth,takc 
 no further care, 
 
 © f inottep(as i: fe?meth)there is berpfmall floje amongtt them.tohicl; perhaps toas the eaufe 
 that maf e t bem double ano triple the p?i?es of manp things toe bought of them, mo?e tljen the? 
 toere befoje our camming thither. 
 
 ©oG&lanatoasberetobebadfojfourcpcncethe 9cre peerelp rent. 'Sberc are Spines of9» mmtetuhc 
 Iome,^:nae,b?atte, ano p?on. <§>toncs toee fatoe tljere as cleare as Chriftall, naturallp fquareo lind, 
 
 like Diamonds. 
 
 Chat part of the Countrcp is all ful of great mountainesano hills,from toljf nee came running 
 
 Dotonctbcplcafantttreames of ftoeetcfretrtruuuing toater. ^hena£urallbaranefleofthatjI2a-- 
 
 tionappearabtntljis , tbat tbeir fmall children runne bfuallp m themiddcfi of JKLtinterbpanB 
 
 ostone tlje ttrectes bare-footc ana bare-leggeo, toith no other apparell ( manp times ) faue 
 
 * onelp 
 
1 66 The EnglifK VoyageSjNauigations, Tbehon.&.ofCumb. 
 
 onelp anuntcll ta coucr their itakeBncffe. 
 
 Cbe cljtcfe 2Dfficer of tljef c ketone t^cp call tljcic st>oueratgnc,toho batlj tbe fame office anB 
 atttbojitie among tljem tbat out £g)aio?8 baue toitb ns in England, anB tjatlj ljtg Sergeants to at' 
 tens span l;tm, ano bcatc tljc S^ace betb?e Ijim as out ?0ato?s, 
 
 £Ue toere firft intertainec attlje ® oueraignes bo»fe,vu^tcI) toas one of tbofe 4,njat toitbflooB 
 the CrleofDefmondm his rebellion. Cbepbauethc fame fo?mc of Common pjapertoo?o fo? 
 teoic in latm,tbat toe tjaae ^crc in England. 41uon tlje iSiunBap tbe §>oueiaigne conmictlj into 
 ^elljurcbtoit^is^ecgeant before ijim.anot^e^hcriffeanootljergioftljeSotone accompany 
 him, ano there tbcpkncelcaotone euerp man bp bimfelfe p?iuatelp to make bis p?apers.&ftec this 
 trjcp fife ancgo out of tljeCburcbagaine to c?uikc,tobicb being conctbcprettirncagame into the 
 Cburc!j,ano tben tbe spniQec begtmutbp?apers. 
 
 %() etc maner of baptising Biffereclj fomettiing from ours ? part of tbe fertiice belonging tljereta 
 is repcatec in latin,anD pact in IriQi.'SDfje ^nutter taketlj the cljilD in ljis bancs,am> firfi oippetrj 
 it backtoarcs,anc tben fo?toaros,ouer rjeao ano earcs into tbe cole toatct in the mioft of ffiatnter, 
 tobcrebp alfo map appeare tbeir natucall baroncire,'(as befo?e teas fpecifiec. ) Cfaep bac neither 
 3eelI,o?um 3 uo? trumpet, to calUljepaciujionets togetbccjbuttbcpcjtpect till tljeic 5«)oueratgne 
 come.ano tben tbep that baue anp ceuotion folloto bim. 
 
 Chen make their b?eao all in cakes.anc.fo? tbe tenth part.the bakeirsbake fo? all tbe totone. 
 
 £(Lle ljac of them fome to.o? 1 1 . Dunnes of becce foj cbe Victory, but it p?ouec like a pjefent 
 purgation to them that tooke tt.fo that toe chofe ratbec co o?inke toatec then it, 
 
 Che 2o.of December toe loofeo fro hence, batting toellpjouiDEb our felues of frcfI)toater,anB 
 pthec things neceffarp.bef ng accompantcB toitb (tc Ed w.t>ennie,bts lacp,anD ttoo pong Tonnes. 
 
 ChtsBapin themojning mp lop going afljoate toBifpatcbatoapfpeecilpfomefcefbtoatet 
 that cemaineBfo? the Vi&ory.tbetoince being Berpfafce fo? us, brought bs netocs that tbere 
 toere 6o,Spanifhp?i5estakenanBb?ougbtto England, ffo? ttoo o j tljjec capes toeehao a faire 
 toince.but after mates itfcanteB fo, tljat (as 31 CaiD before) toe toe re fame to kecpe a cole Chtift- 
 mas toitb Cbe'BilhopanBbiscleatkes. 
 
 after this toe met toitb an Englifh flbip.tbat b?ongbt bs iopful nctos of 9 1 ,Sp3nifh p?i? cs tbat 
 toece come to England: ano fo?cotofttll netoes toitball.tbat the Infl ano bell p?i?c toe tooke,ljaa 
 fufferec flitptojarke at a place upon the coafl of Cornwal tobitb the Com) Hi men cal Als Effeme, 
 <aptaint Liflo tljat is,Hel-c liffe.ano that Captaine Lifter ano all the men in tlje Chip toere c?otonco,faue j.o? 6". 
 noujnco. theonebalfeEnglifti,tbeotlierSpanj{htbatfaueBthemfeluestotthftoiniming:butnottoithttan« 
 outg much of the gooes toece faueo , ana referueo fo^ bs, bp CrFrancis Godolphin, anB ttje too?* 
 ftipfttl gentlemen of the Countrep there, gpp JU jb toas tierp fojrp fo^ Captaine Litters Beatjj, 
 toifbing tljat be Ijarj lott bis bopage to baue faueo bis life. 
 
 Cbezp.ofDecembectoemet toitbanotbec(btppe,tbat'tolDe bstbefameneto£S 5 anBtbat0c 
 Manin Frobilher,5CaptaineReymondbaB taken the aDmirallanBvicc-a?mirallof the ifleet 
 that toe efpieo going to Ter^era bauen. Tout the aomiral toas funke toitb mucb leaking,rttecc to 
 the Idy Scone,arocke that Itetb ouer againft Plimouth fount), anB tlje men toere fatten. 
 
 Cljis ibip alfo certi&eo bs that C aptaine Preftons fljip baa taken a p?i? e looen toitb filtier.9?p 
 lop entreo pjefentlp into tbis ibtPj? toent to Falmouth,anb toe beld onour courfe fo? Plimouth. 
 Sit night toee came neere to the Ram-head (the nert Cape a&tGtoatBs from Plimouth fottnb) 
 but toe toece afraio to Double it in tlje ntgbt,mifooubttng tlje fcantneffe of tlje toitio c.feo toe Hood 
 offtoS>ea balfc the night, anB totoarBs morning baBtbetoinoe moje large, ano mace too lit* 
 tlefpare tljereof.tbatpactlp fo? tbis caufe,ano partlptbtot#mi(taking of tljelanc, toee toece 
 B?iuen to much to lee- toatBs.tbat toe coulo not Double that Cape : djcrefo?e toe returnee backe 
 againe,ano came into Falmouth bauen, toljere toee (trticke on gtottnc in 1 7. foote toatec : but it 
 toas a lou) ebhe , anc reacp againc to flotoe, anc tbe grounc foft, fo as no hurt toas cone, £pcre 
 toitb glaBneffe toee fet foote againe upon tbe Englifh grounc ( long cefirec) ano refrefljec out 
 felues toitb keeping part of Chriftmas upon out nattue fotle. 
 
 The valiant fight performed by 10. Merchants (hips of London^ 
 gainft l2.Spa»ijh gaikesin the Straights of Gibraltar t the zq.of April 1 550. 
 
 d'snotlongCnccfunc?p baliantQjips appectatntngto tbeSparcbantsof Lon- 
 don.toerefraigbtCD % rtggec fo?tb, fome fo? Venice, fome fojConftancinople, 
 $fomctofuno?potberplacesoftraSquc,amongtobomtbefeenfuingmettoitbtr( 
 tbe Straights of Gibraltar, as tljep toere taking tbeir courfe bomctoacos, Ijaumo; 
 befojeefcapeo all other Canger. CbetM tobeceof toas tbe Salomon appertei? 
 
 ning 
 
jF/g/tf with Spanifh gallies. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 1 6 7 
 
 nmgeoSp.ailiermanBatnam of London,ano9^.Bond,an5S0,Twydof Harwich; tobicbtoenc 
 foo?tbttjefirftdapof tfebutarp lau\ Che fccono toas the Margaret and lohn belonging to 3©. JFefcHar? 
 Wats of London: 'Che tbirdetoas tbe Minion: 3Lhe fallen) toas n)e Afcenfion. ^L^efift^tuas I59 °' 
 the Centurion Of Scatter Cordal : CheuTttbeViolet:thcfeuentljtheSamuel:ibeeigbttbeCrel- 
 fcent : the ninth the Elizabech: and tbe i o.toas tlje Richard belonging to 9p. Duffield. ail tbefe 
 (hips being of notable andapp?oueo feruice, comming neere to the mouth of the Straights barn bp 
 tijecoattcf Barbary, dtferted ttoelue tall ©allies b?auelpfurniu>dandfironglpp;ioutBedtoitb 
 men and numition, readp to fea?e bpon thereEngliih(bips:tobicljbcmgpercciuedbptbe£ap^ 
 taines aim £©afteru rtjtreof.toee mane fpecdp preparation fo? tlje Defence of our felues, Ml toai* 
 ting all the nigljt long fo? tljeappjocljing of the enemie. 3!n the moaning earlp being the 'Suef* 
 nap in <£atter toeeke,aiid tlje 24 of apjil 1 j9o,acco?oing to our bfual cuttomes,toe faiD feruice 
 ano mane our p?apcrs bnto aimigbtie ©od, befeecljing him to faue bs from the bancs of furij tp^ 
 rants as tlje Spaniards, tohom toe iuftlp imagined to be, and tohom toe kneto ami Ijad found to be 
 our moftmojtallenemtcs Upon the £>ea. attOljauingfiniujeOourp?apers,and fetour felues in a 
 rcabineflejtoeperceiucD them to come totoaros bs, ano that tljep toere indeeoe the Spamfh ©al« 
 lies that lap bnder the conduct of Andre Doria, toho is Viceroy fo? tlje IXing of Spainc in 
 tlje Straights of Gibraltar , and a notable knotone enemie to ail Englifhmen, sg>o tohen tljep 
 came fometobatneerer bnto bs,tbep toaued bsamainefoj tlje !KingofSpaine,anotoee toaued 
 them a maine fo? tlje Slueene of England,at tohiclj time it pleafeb aimigbtie ©od greatlp to in* 
 couragebs all in fuch fojt,as that the neererthep came the Ielfe toefeareo tbeirgreat multitudes 
 and huge number of men, tolnch toere planteb in thofe ©allies to the number of ttoo 0; thzee Ijun- 
 D?edmen inert) GSallie* andittoastbusconriuoeo among bs.that tlje foitrc ftrtt anotallefl flups 
 fboulo be placed bmdmouVmd the toeaker $ fmalleQ (hips fo?moff, and fo it toas performed ,eue* 
 rp man being readp to take part of fuch fucceffe as tt (bouln pleafe (Sod to feno. 
 
 3t the firft encounter the ©allies came bpon bs nerp fiercelp,pet ©00 fo ttrengtljcnco bs\tbat 
 if thep bad bene ten times mo?e, toe bad not feareo tljem at all. zaifoereupon the Salomon being a 
 hot ujippe, and bailing fund?p calf pieces in her,, gaue tlje firfl ujotte in fuclj a foto?e fo?t,as that it 
 flwrcs atoap fo manp men as fate on the one (toe of a ©allie, and pierced her tbjtougtj in fuch 
 m aitcr ,as that (be toas rcaop to GiiRc,toljicb made them to alTaultbs tlje nioje fierctlp, ' £0 here* 
 upon tlje reftof our ujippe6,efpeciallpthe foure cbiefeu\namelp,tlje Margaret and Iohn^be Mi- 
 nion,and tlje Afcenfion foIIotoeo,anD gaue a foot charge bpon tbem, and thep at bs, tohcre began 
 a hot and fierce battailetoith great balianct'e tlje one againfl" tlje other, ano fo continued fo; tlje 
 fpaceof fire Ijourcs. about the beginning of this our fight there came ttoo Flemings to our » fie&tof ore 
 jFleet,tobofeeingtbefo?ce of the©allies to be fo great,tb«meoftbem p?efentlp pedoeo,{rrooKe bDm " Ums ' 
 his fatles, ano toas taken bp the ©allies, tohereas tftbeptoouldbaueoffereo themfeluesto ijaue a>fatnt scar. 
 fought inour behalfe and their otone oefencej ttjep needed not to Ijaue bene taken fo cotoarolp as " D FlemiD8 ' 
 thep toere to tbeir cofi. %ty other Fleming being alfo readp toperfo?me the like piece of feruice 
 began to baile his fatlcs, and intended to baue peeloed immeoiat Jp, But the Crumpettcr in t!<at 
 ftjippe plucked foo?tlj bis faulrljion and BeppeD to the pilote aftbe beIme,ano botoed tbat if Ije did . 
 not fpeedilp put off to tlje Englifhtfleete, and fo tabepart toitbtljem,betoouto pjefcntlpkill 
 bim: tohicb the piotefo? feare of oeatb did, and fo bp that mean'ess tbep toere Defended from pje- 
 fent oeatlj, and from tlje tpjannie of tbofe Spaniards, tobicb doubtleffe tbcp ujould Ijaue found at 
 tbeirbattdeg. 
 
 •Ehus toe continued in figljt fircljonres and fometoljat mo?e, toberein ©od gaue bs the bppec 
 band,and toe efcaped tbe bands of fo manp enemies!, tobo toere conttraineo to flte into harbour and 
 uj?oude tbemfelues from b8,and toitlj fpeed to feeke fo? their otone fafetie, %\y$ toas tbe bandie 
 too M of ©od, tobo defeuoeD us all from Danger in fuclj fo jt , as tbat tijere toas not one man of bu 
 Haine. 9 no in all t his fierce alTaul t made bpon bs bp the Span iflh potoer,toee fuRamed no hurt j 
 damageat allmo?e tbentbis.that tbe ujjouos and backe-Qapof tbe Salomon, tobogaue tbcfirtt 
 ano lad ujot,and galled the enemie fij } ctoolp all the time of tbe battell,toere cleans flrinen off. 
 
 ?Llje battel being ceafcd.toe toere conflraineo foi toant of toino to flap and toaft bp and dotone, 
 andtljentoent backeagame to Tition in Barbary, tohicb fa fire leagues off from Gibralrar.ano 
 tohen toe came tbitber toe found tljepeopletoonderousfauourable cobs, toho being but Mooi-es 
 and heathenpeople inetoeo bs laotjere to baue freuj toater and al other necefiaries fo j bs,and tbere 
 toe bad fuch good intertainment,as if toe bad benem anp place of England. 
 
 ■Ehegouernourtoas one tbat fauoureobB greatlp, tobomtoee in refpect of bfe great friend* 
 (hip pjefenteo toitb giftes and futljcommoditieiEf as toe bad in our cuftbdle,tobicb Ije toonderfullp 
 toel accepted of: ano here toe fiaped foure dapes. 
 after tbe battcll toas ceafed, tobicb toas on Caller ^uefoap, toe flaped fo? toant of toinoebe-- 
 
 foje 
 
[68 The EngiiOiiV oyagcs^migmons^Figbt with Spa.gallies. 
 
 foje Gibraltar, nncill tbe nejcc moving, tobere toee toere becalmeo, ana tberefoje looiseo euerp 
 jjoure toljen tljep toouln faue rent foojtlj fome freuj fupplp agamfi bs, but tbep toere farre unable 
 to Doe it.fo? all tbeir (Sallies toere fo fo?e battetco^ljat tljep nurtt not come foojtb of tljeljarbour, 
 bprcafon ofourbot reGffance toljicb tbep fo latelp before baoreceiuen. 3»ettoeretbepgicatlp 
 bjgen tljereunto bp tije (Soueimour oftbe fain ®otone of Gibraltar. 
 
 atour being at Tition inBarbary, tljere toe beam repojt of tbe Ijurt t^at tuee ^aD Done to t&e 
 (Sallies.fo? at out comming from tbem toee coKlonot toell oifceme anp tbing at all bp teafon of 
 tije fmoake lailjtc b tije potooer Ijao mane : tbere toe tjcaro that toe ban almott fpoileo tbofe ttoelue 
 (Sallies bp (booting tljem cleane tbjougb, tbat ttoo of tbem toete reatp to finke , anb tljat toee bra 
 fiaineof tbeir men fucb great abunoance.a? tbat tbep toere not able to furniflj fojtb anp mo?e©aI* 
 lies at all fo? tljat pccre, 
 
 Wyas after toe came fromTition,toe afiapeb to nepart tlje Straight tbjee feucrall times, but 
 coulo not paffe ,pet, ©on be tljanfen, tbe founb timetoee came fafelp atoap.ann fo fallen toitb a 
 pleafanttoinnebntill toee came bpontljecoaft of England ,tobicb toas in tbebegtrmingof tbe 
 tnonetbof3lulpi590t 
 
 The valiant fight performed in the Straight of Gibraltar ,by the Ctn- 
 wion of London, againft fiue SpatjiJI) Gallics,in themoncth of April 1 591, 
 
 315 tljemonetb of jftouember 1590, tljere toere fimn?p fljippes appertaining 
 to feucrall sparrijantsof London, toljicb toere riggen ami fraugbt foo?tb 
 toitb marcljanoife,fc)?funn?p places toitbin tbe Straight of Gibraltar: toijo, 
 togctberbauing toinoe anntoeatber.toljiclj oft-time fell out berp bncertaine, 
 arriueti fafelp in Ojo?t fpace , at fucb places as tljep neGrcn. among tobom 
 toas tbe Centurion of London , a berp tall fljippe of buroen, pet but toeakelp 
 manneo,as appearecb bp tljis nrfcoutfe follotoing, 
 
 %\)V& afo?efain fijippe calico 'Crje Centurion fafelp arriuen at Marfeils, tobere after tbep baa 
 beliueren tbeir goons, tbep flapen about tbe fpace of clue toeekes, ann better,ann trjen toofce in la- 
 ning,tntenning to returne to England, 
 
 J3oto toben tbe Centurion toas reanp to come atoap from Marfeils, tljere toere fnnn?p otljtt 
 fljippea of fmaller buroen toljicb entreaten tbe Cpa(tertbercof,(tobofe name is Robert Brad- 
 fiiaw,ptoelflng at Lime-houfe ) to (tap aoap 9$ ttoo foj tljem ,bntill tbep toere in a reanineffe ta 
 nepart toitb tbem, tberebp perftoaning tljem , tljat it toouln be farre better fo; tljem to flap ano 
 goe together in retpect of tbeir afliltaiicc, trjen to Depart of tbcmfeluestottljout companp , ami fo 
 bappilp fo; toant of aioe fall into tbe bancs of tbeir enemies in tbe Spaniih ©allien Slpon toljieh 
 teafonableperftoafion,nottoitbttanbingtbattbisfi)ippc toas of fuebfufficiencieas tbep migbtlja* 
 jarn ber in tbe banger of tbe sg>ea,pet tbep flapco fo? tbore title, fibippes, acco?ning to tbeir reaue(r, 
 toljo togetber bib put to S>ea from Marfeils, anb botoeo in generall not to rite one fromanotber, 
 if tbep vhoulo bappen tomeete toitb anp Spaniih (Sallies, 
 
 'Eljefe fmaUfbippes.accompanieo toitb tbe Centurion,fapling along tbe eoaff of Spaine,tocre 
 bpon €afier bap in tbe Straight .of Gibraltar fuooenlp becalmeb , tobere imrnebiatlp tljep fato 
 fttnojp ©allies malte totoaros tbem, in berpbaliant anb couragiousfb?t:tbe cljtefe leaner!* 
 anb fouloiers in tbofe (Sallies bjauelp apparclleb in Bike coatcs, toitb tbeir Cluer tobiilles about 
 tljeirnecbcs,ann great plumes ef featljers in tbeir battes, tobo toitb tbttrCaliuersfljotattbe 
 Centurion fo fad as tbep migbt: fo tbat bp 1 o.of tbe clocke ann fometobat before, tbep ban boo?* 
 ben tije Centurion ,tobo befo?e tljeir commingban p?epareo fo? tbem, anb intenneo to giue tbem 
 fo fottre a toelcome as tbep migbt* 9nn tljerettpon Ijauiug pjepareb tbeir clofe figbts, ann all 
 tljings in areaninefle, tljep calico bpon<Soo , on tobom oneip tbep truflen: ann.bauingmanc 
 tljeir papers, anb cbeeren bp oneanotber to ggbtfo long as life ennuren.tbepbegannetonif* 
 cbarge tljeir great ©?ninancebpon tbe ©allies,but tbe little ujippes nurfl not pome fojtoaro, bat 
 lap aloofe.tobile fiue (Sallies ban boojnen t&em, pea ann toitb tljeir graplingirtms mane tbeir ©al» 
 lies fatt to tbe fain Ibippe calleo tbe Centurion. 
 
 Clic (Sallies toere graplen to tbe Centurion in tljis m aucr , ttoo lap on one fine, ann ttoo on an* 
 otljer,annt(je anmirall lap full intlje Heme, tob.icbgalleb.ann batteren tbe Centurion ta fo?e, 
 tljat ber maine^atte toas greats toeafeenen.jjerfailes filfcn tottbmanp boles, ann tljeSOijjen 
 annfiernemanealmofibnferuiceable. 
 
 During toljicb time tbere toas a fb?e ann beanlp fight en botb fines, in tobtcb tije trumpet oF 
 tije Centurion founnen foo?tb tbe neanlppoints of toarre, ann encouragen tbem to figljt manful. 
 Ipagainfltbeir anuerfaries: on #e contrary part,'tbew >»asnp toarlifee^ufic&eintbeSpanjih 
 
 (Sallies, 
 

 Sir\Ric.Greenmll. Traffiques andDifcoueries. 
 
 <SaUtcs,liut onelp tOcir toijilllee of Bluer, tobicij tljcp founoeD foojtbto tbcu oiune contentment : 
 in toljtchugbt manp a Spaniard teas curneo into tbe s§>ea , ano tbep in muitituoes came training 
 ano hungopon tbe Got of tbe fljippe, intenoing toljaue entreo into tbe fame.tut fucb teas the cou= 
 rage of tbe Bnglifhmcn , tbat fo faff as tlje Spaniards oio come to enter, tbep gaue tljcm fuclj en* 
 tertainment .tbatfomeoftbnn toere glao to tumble aliue into tbe <£>ea, being remeDilcflefoj 
 euec to get up aliue. 3ln tbe Centurion tljere mere in all,of men ano bopcs,fourtie ano eigl)t,u,ljo 
 together, fougbt mofloauantlp,anofogallee tbeenemte.tbatmanpabjaue ano luftie Spaniard 
 loft bis life in tbat place* 
 
 Cbe Centurion loas fireo fiuc feuerall times, toitlj toiloe fire ano otber pjouiflon, toljicb tbe 
 Spaniards tb?cU) info? tbat purpote: pet, ©oo be tbankeo, bptlje great ano oiugentfojeGgbt of 
 tbe Spatter it oio no barme at all. 
 
 3tt euetp of tbe ©allies trjerc toere about 200, fouloiers: tofjo togetber toitb tbe fijot.rpoilco, 
 rent,ano battereo tbeCenturion oerpfoje.fljot tbjtougb bermaine Spaftc,ano fleto^of the men in 
 tbe faio fljippe, tbe one of tbem being tbe Staffers mate, 
 
 ^enotberperions toere burt,bpmeanesof fplinterstobicbtljc Spaniards fijotte:pea,tntbe 
 enoeroben their pjtouifiontoasaltnoQfpent, tbep mere conttrainco to fljootcattbembammcrs, 
 ano tbe cljames from tljeir flaues, ano pet ©00 bee tbanfeeo , tljep receiueo no mo?e oomage : but 
 upfpopluiganoouerlMearpingoftbeSpaniards.tbeEngiiflimenconflraincDtbcmtotingrflppie 
 tbemfelttes , ano get tbem going : ano fure if tbere bao bene anp otber freth fljippe 031 fuccotir to 
 rjaue relieueo and affiffeo tlje Centurion, tljep bao flame, fimcfce ,0? tafcen all tljofc ©allies ano 
 their fouloiers. 
 
 %l)e Dolphin lap a loofe off ano ourft not come neere, tofjtletbe other two fmall (l)ippes fleooe 
 atoap, fo tbat one of tlje ©allies toent from tbe Centurion ano fet upon tbe Dolphin,iubicb fljippe 
 immeoiatlp teas fet on fire toitlj tljeir otone potooer, toijerebp bo tb men ano fljippe perifljeo : but 
 toljetber it mas toiilj tbeir gooD toiils 0? no, tbat teas not ft : toen onto tbe Centurion,bttt fitre,if 
 it fjao come fojvuaro , ano bene an aioe onto tbe Centura n , it is to bee fuppofeo tbat it bao not 
 perifljeo. 
 
 jf t ue bo ures ano a b alf c this figrjc continueo, in tolj t cfj time bo t b to ere glao to Depart onelp to 
 tyeattj ttjemfelues, but toben tbe Spaniards toere gone, tbe V neuer furff returne to figbt: pet tlje 
 nert oap Ore tljcr ©allies came ano Iookeo at tbem, but ourff not at anp Ijano meoole toitb ujem, 
 
 Cljiis ©00 ociiuereo tbem from tlje Ijanors of tljeir enemies, ano gaue tbem tbe U cto jp : fo; 
 toljicb tbep heatnlpp?aifeobtm,ano not long after IjafcIpatriueD in London. 
 
 K? There were prefent at this fight Mailer lobn J/«n'«'.rMarchant,andiundry other 
 of go®d accompt. . ' ! , 
 
 A report of the trueth of the fight about the Ifles of Jcores ,thc laft 
 of Auguft 1 59 1 .betwixt the ReueHge, one of her Maiefties ifhippes.and an 
 
 tArmada of theking ofSpaine; Penned by the honourable Sir Water Tt,aUgbkri\pht. 
 
 £caufe tlje rumours areoiuerflpfpjeo , as toell in England as tnthe&otoe 
 countreis ano elfetoljere,of ctjte late encounter bettoecne ber Spateflies fljtpg 
 ano tlje Armada of Spaine; ano tbat tbe Spaniards accojoing to tbeirofuall 
 matter , fill tlje too jlo toitb tljeir oaine-glojious oaunta,mabing great appa* 
 ranee of bictojies, toben on tbe contrarp, tbemfelues are moff commonlp ano 
 fljamerullp beaten anooifljonoureo; tljercbp boping touoffefle tljeipajant 
 multituoe bp anticipating $ forerunning falfe reports : 3fc is agreeable toitrj 
 all gooDrcafon,fojmamfeftationof tbe trutb,to oucrcome falfljooo anoontrttetb; tbat tbe begin* 
 ntng,continuanceanofucceue of tljts late honourable encounter of &ir Richard Greenuil,ano 
 other bee spaieffies Captaines, tottb tbe Armada of Spaine ,* fljoulo be truelp fet ootone ano pub' 
 Itffjeo.toitljottt partialttieo; falfe imaginations. 9no it is no martteile tbat ttje Spaniard fljoulo 
 fcekc bp falfe ano fianocrotis pampblrts,aoutfocs ano i ettcrs.to couer tbetrotone lo(Te,ano to oe- 
 rogate from otbers tbeir owe Ijonojs, efpeciailp in this figbt being petfojmeo far off : feeing tljep 
 tocre not afljameointbepeere 1588, toljen tljep purpofeotbpinualion of tbtslano,topublifljin 
 funtnp languages in p?int; greatbictojies in tDo?Des,H)ljtcb ttjepplcaoeo to i)me obteineo againff 
 tbts fiealme; ano fp?eo tbefame in a moff falfefojt ouer allparts of France,ItaIy,ano elfetobere. 
 aaben iijojtlp after it toas bappilp manifeffco in oerp oeco to al jl2ations,boto tl,eir i2aup toljicfj 
 tbep tcrmeo inutnctble, confiffing of 140, faileof fljippes, not onelp of tbetr ottme kingoome.but 
 ffrengtljeneD tottb tbegreatefi Argofies,Portugal Caracks,Florendnes,anO IjUgC bttlksof otrjer 
 Countreis, toere up 3 o.of fjer ^atefftess otone fijips of tear, ano a fcto of our otone Sparcljants, 
 
 Ppp bp 
 
 16? 
 
170 The Englifh Voyages^Nauigations, Sir %ic. Greenuill. 
 
 bp the teife,baliant,ano aDuantagious conouct oftlje iuCharles Howard bigb SL&tnicall of «£ng= 
 ianD,beatenanou>tffIeotogetber;eucnftomtbelLi?arom Cornwall firtt to Portland , tebere 
 tljep fbamefullp left Don Pedro dc Valdes,tettbbismigbtp Ujip; from Portland to Ca!es,tobeie 
 tljep lofl Hugo de Moncado,toitl)t(je (Sallias of toljicbbeteas Captaine.ano from Ca)es,ii?u>cn 
 toitb fquibs from their ancl)o ?s,teere tbafeo out of the figbt of England, rouno about Scotland 
 ano Ireland.tabere fo? tbe fpmpatbic of their barbarous religton,bcpmg to finoe fuccour ano af* 
 fittance, a great part of tbem teere crufljt agatnQ tije rocks,ano tbofc otber tfjat lanoco,bcmg be« 
 rpmanp in number,toerenattoitbftanomgb?okcii,flaine,anD taken, aim fofcntfrom billage to 
 toillage coupleo in ljalters,to be (bippeo into englano. SXttyerc hex S^aieBte otber ip?mcelp ano 
 muincibleDifpofition,Dtfoatningtoputtl)cmtoDcatb, anbfcoming either to retame 0; enter* 
 taine tljem: tljep toere allfent backe againeto tljeir countrrps,to toitnesano recount the too?thp 
 acbteuements of their inuincibieanoD?eaofull39aup j JlDftobtcb the number of sl>ouloicK<,tbe 
 f earcfull buttben of their Ojippes,tbe commanocrs names of cuerp fauaoiou, tomb all other tljeic 
 mngafmesofpjouifions.toereputinpjint, asanarmpano ji5aup bnrefittablc, ano otfoaimng 
 p?cucntion. COttb all tebicbfo great ano terrible an oBentation, tljep Dio not in all tljeir fai= 
 ling rotmo about England, fo mud) as finke 0? take one fin'ppc, Batke, p'nnefle, 0? Cockbote 
 ofours:o?cucrburntfomucljasonefl)cepecote of this lano. SUbenas on tbe contrarte,<§>ic 
 Francis Drake,teitlj onelp 8oo,fouloters not long befo?e,lanoeo in tljeir lndies,ano fojceo Sant- 
 Ia"o,Santo Domingo,Cartagcna,atiO tbt fojtB of Florida. 
 
 °&no after tbat,^s>tr Iohn Norris marcbeoftom Peniche in Pormgall.teitb a banbfull often!* 
 Biers,to the gates of Lisbone.beiug aboue 40 <£nglifb miles, &3bcrc the Carle of Eflcx btm« 
 felfe ano other baUant<8eiulcmenb?aueD the £itte of Lisbone, encampeo at tbe berp gates; 
 fromtobence,aftertnanpoapesaboDe 3 finDingneitl)erppnufeopanie, no? p?outfion to batter; 
 tljep maoe retratt bp lano.in oefpigljt of all their tfiarnfons, botlj of bo?fc $ foote. 3in this fo jt 31 
 fcaucalittleoigreffeofrommpfirftpurpofe, onelpbp tlje neceffarie comparifon of theirs ano 
 out actions t tbe one couetous of honour tetfbout Daunt of oftcntatiom tbe otber fo greeop to 
 purchafe tbe opinion of their otoneaffaires.ano bpfalfe rumo?s to refill tbe blcfisof tljeir otone 
 Diftjonours.as tbepuiill not onelp not bluflj to fpicaoallmarmet of bntrutbes: buteuenfo? tbe 
 leatt aouantage,be it but fo? tlje taking of one poo?c atuemurer of tbe <£nglifi),teiU celeb?ate tbe 
 i>tct6?pteitb bonefires in euerp totene,alteapes fpenomg mo?e in faggots,tben tlje putcljafe teas 
 tuojtb tljep obtaineo. SBIjen as tee ntuer tbougbt it teo?ij the confuinption of ttoo biHcts.toljen 
 toebauetakcneigljtojtenoftbeirSnDtanlbippesatonettme.anottoentte of tbe 15?aGH flcetc. 
 feuclj is tbe Difference betteeenetrue balureiano oflentatton :anobcttoeene ljono?abIe actions, 
 ano ftiuolous baineglo?ious baunts. But note to returne to mp purpofe, 
 
 djt L.Thomas Howard teitbfiteof bet^au:fiicsQiippes,Grebictua{ersof London, tlje 
 Barke Ralegh, $ tteo 0? tbjee otber lpinnafes rioing at anker necre bnto Flores, one of tlje ©Be* 
 flerip 3Ilan3s of tbe Azores, tbe Iaff of 3uguftjj^tbe afternoone,bao intelligence bpone Captaine 
 Middleton of tbe app?ocb of trje gipanitb 9 riitaoa, Sltljicb Middleton being in a berp gooo fat- 
 ler bao kept tbem conipanp tb?ee bapes befoje, of gooo purpofe, botb to Difcouer tljeir forces tbe 
 moje^salfotogiueaouifetompi, Thomas of ujetr app?ocb. 5;ee baonofoottertieliuereDtbe 
 neteesbuttbeflecte teas in tight: manpofourftjtppes companies teere onujo?etntbe3Hanoe; 
 fomepjouioing balaflfo? their fljips;otljers filling ofteatet anorefreujingtbemfelues from tlje 
 lanoteitbfucb things as tbepcoulo either fo j monep, ojbp fo?ce recoutr. ^preafontobereof 
 our ibips being all pefteceo ano romaging euerp tbi" g out of o?oer, berp Ugljt fa? toant ofbalad, 
 ano tbattebicl? teas moatoouroifaouantage, tbeonebalfepartof tbemen ofeuerpfijippeftcke, 
 anoitterlp bnferuiceable l f 0? in tbe Reuenge tbere teere ninetp oifeafco 1 in tbe Bonaucnture, 
 not fomanp in bealtbascoulo banole Ijtr mamc faile, f 0? Ijao not ttoemp men bcene taken out 
 of aH5atke offirGeorge Careys, bis being commaunoeo to befunke,ano tbofe appointee to bee, 
 flje ijao batoit) e wt recouereo England, Cbe refl.fo? tbe ntofl parte, teere in little better Gate, 
 ©he names of ber gpateOies (Ijtppesteere tbefe as folloteetb, tbe Defiancctoljtclj teas 9tmtroI, 
 tbe Reuenge (Hiceabmirall, the Bonauenture commaunoeo bp Captaine Croffe, tbe Lion bp 
 GeoroeFenncr,tbe^orefightbpfi®.ThomasVauafour, anD tbe Crane bpDuffild, %\)t Fotc« 
 
 figfit I tbe Crane being but fmal ftjtps; onlp tbe otber teere of tbe miooleflje; tbe reff .befiotji the 
 Barke Palegh,commanoeobpCaptaineThin,toerebictuallecs,anooffmallfo?ceo? none, ©be 
 fSpamflS) fleet hauing flj?ouBeo.theit; app?oclj bp reafon of tbe aflano; teere note fo f oone at bano, 
 as our njippesbaofcarce time to toap tbeir ancbo?s,btitfomc of tljem teere o?iuen to let flippe 
 tbeir Cables ano fetfaite.fetc Richard Grinuile teas the laff that toapeo,to recouer tbe tnen tbat 
 teere upon the 3flano,tohicbotbertoiiebao bene lott, ©be^.Tnomastettbtbe refluerp batoip 
 recouereo (be tetnoe.teljicb ^it Richard Gtimule not being able to ooe, teas perfteaoeo b^ 
 
 tht 
 
Sir%ic.GreenuiL TrarTiques and Difcouenes. 171 
 
 t(je Rafter ano others to cut bis maiue faple.ano call about, atiD to trull to the inpltng of the ibip; 
 fojtbefcntaojonofSiuilteereonbts tecatrjcr bote. 15ut ssix Richard utterly refufcoto turne 
 from the eucmie, alleagmg that bee uioulo ratber crjoofc to Die, then to Dtfbommr bimftlfe , bis 
 rountrep, ano ber Sgjateflics tbippe , perfteaoing bis compante that hce teoulo paffe tbjottgb the 
 tteofrjuaojonSjinDefpigbtoftbem, anoenfojcecbofeofSiuilto gtue bt'm lwap* ££lbicbbee per* 
 fojmeDBponDiuersoftbefojmoft.tebo.astbeSparincrg tcrmeit, fpjang their luffe, ano fell 
 bnoertbcleeofcheReuengc. "3J5ur tbc otljer cottrfc ban becne tfec bctcer , ano might right tecll 
 baucbEneanfiBcreDinfogreatanimpoffibiUtpofpjcualing, .raotteitbftanoing out of the great* 
 ncU^of hisminDe,becotUo notbcpctftoaDec. Jit tbemear.etobilcas Ijccattcnoco tljolctoljiclj 
 teere nearcfi butt, the great San Philip being in tbc teinoeofbim, anDccmmmgtoteartsbirii, 
 becalmeobisfatlcsiufuchfojt, as the ffjippccottlD neither make teap, nojfcclc tbebelme: fo 
 bugc ano bsgb cargeD teas tbe S>paniflj tbip.bemg of a tboufanD ano Hue bunojeth tuna. GUbo af* 
 tec laPD tbe Reuengc aboo jo, SBben he was thus bereft of his failes , the lljtys that tecrebtiDet 
 bis lee luffing top.alfo !ap& him aboo jo : of tobicb tbe nert teas tbe aomiral of the I5ifcaines 3 a be* 
 rp might? ano puiffant fbippc rqmmanDeb bp Brictandona. €hefapo Philip carricDib;ee tire 
 ofojDmancewtaftDC,anDcleuenpieccgincuerpiire. &beujoteightfo?tbrightoutofbcrcbafe, 
 befioes tbofe of her Heme pons., 
 
 after tbeRcuengc teas entanglebiuttbtbis Philip, foute other boojDeober; clod on let Iar* 
 boajo ,ano tteo on her tcarboojb. %\)e fight thus begtnningat tlj?ee of the clock, in tbe aftcmocne, 
 conttnueo berp terrible all tbat cuenhtg. 15ut the great San Philip bauing receiueo tbeloteer 
 tire of the Reuenge, oifcbargeDtettbcrofrebarujot, finfteobcr felfetoitb all Diligence from her 
 fioes,btterlp mifliking ber fitff entertainement. g>ome fap that tbe fijippe founo jcd, but toe can* 
 not report it fo? trutb,bnle{fe we teere affureo ♦ %\}t §>uanifl) frjipc teere filleo tettlj companies 
 of fottloierSjin fame tteo bunD?eo befioes tbe mariners; in feme 6ue,in otbers eight buhn jetb. 3!ri 
 ours there teere none at all beftoe the mariners , but the feruants of the cormrtanoers ano fome 
 fete boluntarp gentlemen onelp . Sifter manp cntercljangeo bolies of great omittance ano fmall 
 fljot ,tbe g>pamarDs Deliberateo to enter the Reuenge,anomaDe Diuers attempts,bopfug tofojtce 
 ber bp the multitunes of tbeir armeo fculoers anti &j)ufkctters, but teere flill repulfcb againe ano 
 ano againe,ano at all times beaten backe into their otene fbips,o? into tbe Teas* In the beginning 
 of tbe fig&Mhe George Noble of Londo bauing receiueD fome fljot tbojoto ber bp tbe Slrmauas, 
 fell bnDectbeIeeoftheReuenge,anrjafkeD&ir Richard uobatbeb)oulticommanDhim,betng but 
 one of the bictualers ano of fmall fo jce : gjir Richard bio rjtm fatie bimfcIfe,atiD icaue him to bis 
 fortune, Sifter tbe figbtbao thus, voitljout tntetmiffion, conttnueDtehile tbe bap laftcD ano fome 
 bo tires of tbe nigjjt, manp of our men toer e flattie and burte , ano oneof tbe great ©alliens of the 
 SrmaDa,anDtbc9Dmiralloftbeilpulkesbotb funke.anD in manp other of the&panirbffttppes: 
 great flaugbtcr teas mabe, ^ometojitetbatfir Richard teas berpDangerouffphurtalmofl in 
 tbe beginning oftlje figbt, ano lap fpeecblefle fo? a time ere bee recouereo, ISut ttooof the Re- 
 uenges ottrne companp , brought home in a fbip of Limefrcm tlje Jlanoes , eramineo bp fome of 
 tbe lo?Des,ano others , affir meo tljat bee teas neuer fo luounoco as t Ijat bee fo jfookc t\)e bppec 
 Decke, till an hour c before tiiiunigb t; ano then being (hot into the bobie toitb a 95 ti fke t as bee teas 
 a Djeflingjtoas againe fljot into the beao.ano teitball bis Cbiturgion toounoeb t o Death. 'Shis a* 
 greetb alfo teitb an eramination taken bp Cr Francis Godolphin, of foure other mariners of tbe 
 fame fhippe being returnee, tofctcb eramination, tlje faio fir Francis fent 'onto maftet William 
 Killegrue,of her S^aiefties p?iup Chamber. 
 
 TBut to retttmeto tbe figbt , the §>paniuj ffjipstebicbattempteDto borb tbeReuenge, as tljcp 
 toere teounoeo anD beaten off,foaltoapes otbers came in tbeitplaces,fi)ebauing neuer leffe tben 
 ttoo mtgbtp©allions bp ber ftoes,anD aboarn ber : &o that ere tbe morning , from tb jee of the 
 elocke tbe Dap befo?e,tbere bao fifteene fcticrr.il Srmaa.is atfapleo her; ano all fo ill app?otieo tbett 
 entertainement, astbepteerebptheb?cake of Dap, farmo?etoillingtobarkcntoacompoution, 
 tben baliilp to make anp moje auattlts o? entries. l>ut as tbe Dap encreafeo.fo our men occrcafcD : 
 ano astheligbtgretemo?eanDmo?e,bpfomucbmo?egretoeour nifcomfojts. fo^noncappea* 
 reDtnfightbut enemies, fauing one fmall lljip calleD the Pilgrim, commaunDeD bp Iacob Whid- 
 don,tebohouereb all night to feethefueceffe: but in the morning beating teitb tbe Reuenge, 
 teas bunt co likea bare amongff manp rattenous ljounDes,but efcapeD. 
 
 911 the potooer of tlje Reuenge tc tbe lafi barrel! teas note fpent, all ber pikes broken, fojtfe 
 of ber beft men flaine,am> tbe moft part of the rett hurt. %n tbc beginning of tbc fight fbee baD but 
 one huno?etb free from ficknes, ano fourefco je $ ten ftcke,laiD in hole bpon tbe TMlaft , 3 fmall 
 trottp toman fucb a fhip,f a teeakegarrtfon to refifl fo migbtp an armp 4 T5p tbofe huno?eD al teas 
 fufleineo.tbebolcis^ooputgSjanDencrings of fifteen (pips of tearrc,beftocst!jofetebicb beat bet 
 
 Ppp 2 at 
 
 ) 
 
172, The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, Sir%tc.Gteetmil. 
 
 at large. ©nttjcconirjirp.tljcSpanifhttcrfaltoapfpfuppluciu.tijfculmcrsbjcugljtt'roniEuc' 
 n> fquatjjon : all matter of brines anepctocer at to'.ii, 3into curs there rcmai!u d no comfejt at 
 all.no hope, no fttpplp either offijips, men, o? toeapons ; the 29atres all beaten curr boo ?D,all her 
 tackle cut afunoer, her upper toojke altogether rsfeo, aim in effect ruenco iijee toastei:rj the toa* 
 ter, but theuerp founDationo? bottome of a (hip .nothing being left otter heaO cither fo? fight oj 
 Defence* Sir Richard finotng himfelfe in tjjis Drflreu>,ant) Unable anplongcrto make rcftftance, 
 rjauingeucurcn itutjis&ftccnc Jjoucesfta;ljt,ttjeaffault of fiftccne fctter.illArmadas,alItipturncB 
 aboojD ftim,anD bp cftimation eight httnDjcD fljotre ofgeent arr.llerte, bettors manp nff.ults 
 ano entries; ano that himfelfe ano the fhtppc mutt itceocs bepoffcffcDbptbccnc!r!p,tohotoere 
 notoallcattin artngrouno about btm ( She Reuengcnmiblctomooue onetoapojetber ,bttt 
 asfijctoasmoueDtotththetoauesanobtlloto ofthr fca) contmaunDcD the Spatter gttnner,tohom 
 bee fencto to be a matt refolttte man, to fplit aim fmke the fhtppe ; that therrbp nothing might re* 
 maine of glojp o?Uicto?pto the Spaniards : feeing in fomanphourcs fight , ana toitbfo great a 
 3i5auietbep toere not able to take l]cr,ljatiinghaDrffteencljourcst!me,abotiet£nthotif.wD men, tt 
 *rtKSpaniOi53. fiftr'c anD tGjec fdile of men of toarre to perfonrtctttoithall: aha pcrfiDaDcDtljerenipanp.ojaa 
 ant. manp as hee cottla inouce , to pceiDC thcmfelttes bnto 05oo , ano to tlje mcrcic of nor.e elfe ; but as 
 
 th;phaD,likeualiantrc(bIutemeu,repulfeD Co manp enemies, thcpfhottiD not notoefijO?tcn the 
 (jonottr of their Nation, bpp?olonging their otoncliucsfo;tafcto{joures,o?afetoeDape0. 'Sbe 
 Scatter gunner reactlp conDefcenDco ana Diners others; but the Captaine anti Crje flatter toerc 
 of another optmon,ana befottgbc Sir Richard to hattc care of them : alicaging that ti;e Spaniard 
 tooula be as reaop to entcrtaine a compofitian , as thep tocre milling to offer tlje fame : ano that 
 there being Hitters fufficicnt ano Ualiant men pet liuing, ano tohofe toounDs toerc not mo?tal 3 thep 
 might do their <£ountrep ana pjince acceptable feruice hereafter, 3ua toljcrcas Sir Richard 
 baaallcagea that the Spaniards ujoulo ncurrglojp to faaue taken ore Gjippeof berSpaicflie, fee* 
 ingtljep hao fo Irag ano fo notabipoefenaeDthemfclui'S ; tljep anftoercD, that tlje (htppebao Ore 
 fcotc l33atcc in tjoloe, tljicefrjot iJiiDer toatcr.liJrjicrj luercfo loeakelp floppcu.as initlj tlje firft luo?« 
 king of the feM)£ mutt neeDgfinke.ana toas beltDcs fo crufbt ano bjufea.as [fcec roulDncuerbe 
 temoucD out of the place. 
 
 Snaas the matter toas thus in aifputc, ano Sir Ricard refuting to hearken toanpofthofe 
 reafons; tlje Spafierof the Reuenge(tohtlethe Captainetoamtc Unto him tlje greater partp)toass 
 conuopDaboc?Dthe@cnerauDonAlfonfoB;)c;an. 293^0 (finoinp; noneoucr Ijatlte to enter tlje 
 Reuenge againe, Doubtingleafl Sic Richard tooula ban? bio tone them up a«D himfi.lfe,ana per* 
 cettiing bp the report of the spatter of tlje Reuenge his Dangerousaifpofuion ) pecloeo that all 
 their lines fhottlD be fattea.tbe cornpanp fent fo? England, 9 tlje better fojt to pap fttcb veafonable 
 ranfomcast!)eirettatetooulDbearc,anDinthemeane feafon to be free froni'cSailpo? imp?ifon« 
 ment, 'So this he fo much the rather coDefcenDea as tocl, as 31 Ijaue faia,foJ feare of further lotfe 
 ano mifchtefeto themfclucs.as alto foj the Dettre behaa to recouer Sir Richard Gieenuiljtoljom 
 fo? his notable Ualttre he fcemeD greatlp to honour ana aDmire, 
 
 G31jentljtsanftocre toas returnee, ana that fafetie of life toas pjomifeo,the common fo?t be* 
 ritg noto at the enoc of their pertU, the mofl ejeto backe from Sir Richard ana the fatter gun* 
 ner, being no hara matter to Ditftoaoe men from Death to life, ^he fatter gunner finDing him* 
 felfeana Sir Richard thus pjeuenteD anD maflereo bptlje greater number, tooulD Ijaue tlaine 
 himfelfctoithaftoojD,baDljenotfaenehpfo?cetoitlj-helDanDlockCDintohisCabben. djenthe 
 05enerall fent manp boates aboojD the Reuenge,anD Diuers of cur men feating Sir Rk hards Dif= 
 pofttion.Colcatoap aboo?D t^c <35cnerailanD other fbtppes. Sir Richard thus ottermatcbeD.toas 
 fentvjntohp Alf'onfo Bacan to remooue out of the Reuenge, the ttjippe being martteilous Unfa* 
 uo?te,5UftJ totth blooD ano boDics of DeaD,atiD toounoeD men like a {laughter Ijoufe. Sir Richard 
 anf ajcreD that hce mirjljt Doe toitlj Ijis boep tobat he liffi.fo? Ijee eflecmeD it not,anD as be toas car- 
 ties out of the fbippe ljeeftoounDeD,anDreuiuing againe DcftreDthe cornpanp to pjapfoj him, 
 d;e(SenerallUfeo Sir Richard toitlj all humanitie , ana leftnotbmgUnattempteDtljattenDeD 
 to his recouerie,htgh!p commcnDtng Ijis Ualourano tootthtnetfe, ano greatlp betoailingtlje Dan* 
 gcr toljerein he toas , bcingunto them a rare fpectacle, ano a refolution fiiDome «pp?ooueD, to fee 
 one fbippe ttirnetotoarD fo manp enemies, to cnourc the charge ann booking of fo manp huge 
 Armadas,anDto rcfitt ano rrptll the affaults ano entries of fo manp fouloicrs. aUtoljicljann 
 mo?e isconfirmeDbpaSpanifhCaptaine of tlje fame Armada, ano a p?cfent acto? in tlje fight, 
 toljo being feuereo from tlje rctt in a tto?me,toas bp tlje Lion of London a fmall Qjip taken, ana is 
 noto pjifoner in London. 
 
 Slje generallcommanDcrof the Armada,toas Don Alphonfo Bacan, hiotljer to tlje^arques 
 ofSantaCruz.'SbcaDmtraloftljeBifcainefcjuaDpitjtoasBricandona, ©fthefquaDlonofSiuiL 
 
 Jhg 
 
Sir \Richard(jreenuill. Traffiques and Difcouenes. 173 
 
 ^arqtiesof Aruinburch.E^eDpuIkcsmiDJPlj'botestuececammiDrob^LiiisCoiitinho.cijere 
 lucre fiaine anD DjonmcD m tljijs fight, niell necrc one trjoufanD of the enemies , auo ttoo fpcciall 
 COUtinanDCrsDon Luis dc fane lohn, aim Don George dcPninariade Maliaga, as clje ^>ys^ 
 mfij captainc confefletkbefioesoiuerg otljcrsof fpeciall account , mljcrcof as pet rcpoic is not 
 niaoe, 
 
 %\)t acniitaHoftljc^ulkeS ano the Afcenfion ofSiuil lucre botlj fimkcbp t!;e Coe of rtje Re- 
 uengc; one other recouereo the rooe of ^>aint Michael, ano funke alfo there; a fourth ramie her 
 felfe roith the fljojc to faue her men. ^>tr Richard cico as it is FcpD,t[;e fceoriO o j thti Dap aboojo 
 the<0eneral!,anomasbp them greatlp beuiailco, CBhat became ethis hoop, n>i;etb<.'v it lucre bu= 
 ricoin the fea o? on trjeianoluc knoto not : the contfo;t that remapnetij to Ijisfrienosis, that (jce 
 hatb enoeb his life honourably in refucct of the reputation tuenne to his nation ana cauntrep, ana 
 afthefameto his pofleritte.ano that being DeaD,he hat!) not outliueoljiBOttinc honour, 
 
 tfo} tlje reft of herSpaicfties (hips that cntrco not fo farre into the fioljt astije Keumge.tije 
 reafons ano caufe's Sucre tbefe, ^here mere of them but fire inall,mhcreof tiro but final! (hips; 
 thcReuengc tnojapjeD pad recoucrp: djeJlanDof Flores toap on the one Hoc, 53 faile of the 
 ^panifij, oiuioeo into fquaD?ons on the other , all as full fillco toritb fettloicrs as tfjep r oulo con« 
 taine: Slmoft tljeonebalfe of our men ficke ano not able to feruc : the fljips gromne foul£,tmrco= 
 mageo,ano fcarcelp able to beare anp faile fo jtoant of balatt , hauing bene ftrc mtnmljs at tlje fea 
 Moje. 3if all tlje reft bae entreo,all Ijao bene loft : foj the berp ljugenes of tlje ^panifn flcete, if 
 no other biolencebaobccne offeree, moulo hattecrufijttljem bctiuccnetljem into fijitiers, ©f 
 tohiclj tlje oiujonour ano lolfe to tlje ducene Ijao bene farre greater then the fpople oj Ijarme that 
 the enemie coulo anpmapbaucreceiueo. jftotmitbttanoing it isberp true, that the JU?o Tho- 
 mas tooulD Ijatte entree betiueene tlje fqwaojons , but tlje reft laoulo not conoefemo; ano the ma* 
 fler of his olune ftjip offrcu to leape into the fca,ratbcr tljen tt. conouct that ljer ^aicflies Qjip ana 
 tlje reQ to bee a p jap to the enemie , inhere there mas no hope no j potfibilttie cither of Defence j 
 uicto?p. ailhicb alfo in mp opinion Ijao ill fojtco 0? auftuereo tlje oifcietion ano truff of a <8ene= 
 rall,to commit Ijimfefte anD Ijts charge to an affureo oeftruction, mitljout hope j anp likeipljoon 
 of pjeuailiiig : tljerebp to oimtniflj tlje ftrengtljof bcr Sf aiefties jftanp,ano to enrich the piioe ano 
 cttojpof tljecnemie, ^DheForefight oftheQueenescommaunDCD bp'39. Thomas Vauiforpcc- 
 fonneo auerp great figbt,ano ftapeo ttoo hottres as neere tlje Reuenge as the meatljer tooulo per- 
 mit rjim.not fojfabingthe fight, till Ije mas like to be enrompafleD bp tlje fqtiao?ons, $ mith great 
 Dtfficultie cleareo himfelfe, 'S.hereQ gaueoitiersuolcts of fijot, ano entreo as farre as tlje place 
 permitteD,anb their omneneceffities, to Recpctljemeatljergageof the enemie , bntill thepmcre 
 parteD bp night, 3 feme tapes after the fight mas enrjeo, ano the CngliQj p^tfoners oilpcrfco in* 
 to tlje fepaniuj ano 3noie njips,tbere arofe fo great affomiefcomtlje CElell ano 3t2o?tijtueil,tljat 
 all theflectemas Difperfeo , as mell the 3noian flcetemhitlj meretljen comebnttrthem , as the 
 reft of the 3rmaoa that attenoeb their arriuall.of mhich i4,failc together mith tlje Rcuenge.ano 
 tnljer 200 g>pam'atus,mcre caft amap bpontljcaile of g>, Michael , <gio it pleaferj tljanto ljo= 
 no? tlje buriall of that renommeo fijip the Reuenge,not fuffering her to periirj alone, fojthc great 
 honour ujeatcljieueo in her life time, ©n tljereft of the 31lanoes there mere call amap inthia 
 fto?me,i s o? 1 6 mo?e of the fljips of tnarre : ano of an ljuno?eo ano oooe faile of tlje Snotefleete, 
 erpecteo this peere in Spaine.mhat in tljis tempeft, ano tutjat before in tlje bap of Mexico, ano a» 
 bout the Bermudas.ttjerc mere 70 ano oooe confumco ano Ioft,mitlj tljofc taken bp our ujippes of 
 London.befioes one berp rich anotan ftip, mhich fct her felfe on fire , becing boo joeo bp the Pil- 
 grim,anofiue other taken bpmafter Wats ijts fljips of London,betmecn the Hauana ano Cape 
 S, Antonio. ^Eljt fourth of thismonetlj of jSouember me rcceiueo letters from tlje Tercera,af= 
 firming that there are 3000 uooiesofmen remaining in tljatSlano, faueoout ofthe perifljeji 
 fljips:? tljat bp the s&paiuaros omne confeflJon,there arc 1 0000 caft amap inthis ftojme, befiocs 
 tljofe that are p eriujeo be tmeene the 3!lanos ano tlje maine, %\)vii it hatlj pleafco ©od to fight fo? 
 bs,anDtoDefeiiDtheittfticeofourcaufe,agamlIthe ambitious anoblooopp^etenfcs oftl;e§ipa* 
 niaro,mho feekingto oeuoure all nations,are tljemfclucs Dcuoureo. S manifeft teftimonpho'ui 
 inittftano oifpleafing, tljeir attempts arein the fight of ©00, mho bath plcafeo tomitnesUpthe 
 fuccefte of their affaires,ljis miflike of their blooop ano inittrious oefignes,purpofeo ano p jnctifen 
 flgainft all (£h?iftia« p?inces,otter mljom thep fceke bnlamfttll ano bngoolp rule ano € mpcrp. 
 . SDneoap o?tmo before tljismjackeljappeneoto tlje S>panifljfleete, mijen asfomeof curpjifo= 
 ncrsoefireotobe fctonfljojeOponthcaianoes , Ijopingto be from thence tranfpojteointo Eng- 
 land, mhichlibcrtie masfo?merlpbpthe(§enerallp?omift'D : ©ne MoriccFitz lohn, fenne 
 of olbc lohn of Defmond, a notable traptour, coufm germantothelateCarlcofDefmond, 
 tuas Cent to the€ngliftjfromuj!ppetaujippc,to perfmaoe tljcmto feruc tlje ftingof Spaine. 
 
 \ Ppp 3 €be 
 
174- The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations 3 &> %ich.Qreenuil. 
 
 'S.ljc arguments bee tofeo to mouce tbem toere ttjefc, Cijc increafc of pap tobicij be p?oroifcD to 
 be trebleo: aBuancrment to tlje better fojt : ano tbc crercifc oftije true ttatljolique S.cItgton 3 a«a 
 fafctie of their fputes to all. JFo? tlje firft, c«en tlte teggfrlpanovmnaturfill bcljauiouroftljofe 
 Englifh ano Irifh rebcls.tbatfmtcDtljeKingintbatp'cfent action, toss fuffictcnt to anfrocre 
 tbat Sttt argument of rictj pap. Jfo? fo pooze ano beggerlp tbep tocrc,as fo? toanc of apparell tljcp 
 firippco tljeir poo?e Couturep men p?ifoncrsout of their raggco garments, toc?nc tcnccljing 
 bp fire months feruice , ano fpareD not to oefpaplc tljem eueis of tljeir blooop fnirtcs, from tljeir 
 toounoeo booics, ano tlje Derp ftjooes from their fcete; 3 notable telhmonie of tljeir ml? enter* 
 tainmentano great toages. Crje feconD reafon mas bope of aottmircmenttf tljcp ferueotoell, 
 anDtooulo continue faithfull to tljc King, 35uttobatman ran bccfoblockifljlp ignorant cucrto 
 erpect place o? Ijonouc from a f o?raine Uing , Ijauing no other argument o? pcrftoaficn tin n tji5 
 otune oiffopaltie ; to bebnnaturall to his otone Countrcp tbat b?eo Ijim ; to lj:s parents tbat begat 
 bun, ano rebellious to bis true p?incc,to tobofe obeoience be is button bp oath, bp nature, anobp 
 Religion': .too, tljcp arc onelp affureo to be tmplopeo in all oefperatc cntrrp?ifcs,to bee beloe in 
 frcine ano oifoainceuer among tljofc inborn ttjcp fcrue. 3no that euertraitcurtoas either tru« 
 flco 0} aouancco J coulD ncucr pet reaoe, neither can 31 at tbis time remember anp erample. ano 
 no mancouloe baue leffe becotnmeo tbc place of an ©?ato? fo? fuel; a purpofc, tljen tljis Motice of 
 Defmond. jf cjtljc (£rlc Ijis cofen being one of tbc grcateC fubiccts m tbat kingoom of Ireland, 
 Ijauing almo&toljole Countreis in btspoltcirtoit;fomanpgooolpSpannojs,caftles, ano lojofljipsj 
 tbe Count palatine of Kerry ,ftue buttons gentlemen of Ijis otone name ano familp to folloto bim, 
 helloes otljcrs(a!l tuljtcl) lje polTelTeo in peace fo? tlj?ce o? fourc buno?co pcercs ) toas in leffe tlj£K 
 tljjeepeeres after bis aoberingto tbe Spaniards ano rebellion, beaten from alUjisbolees.notfo 
 manp as ten gentlemen of bis name left Iiutng, bimfelfe taken anobeljeaocobp afoulotcrofhiis 
 otone nation , ano bis hno giucn bp a parliament to Ijcr S©aiettie, ano poffeffeo bp tlje €ngliujr 
 Eptsotljcr Men ^>ir lohn of Defmond taken bp Staffer lohn Zouch , ano bis boo'p bangcD ouec 
 the gates of bis natiue Citie to be oeuoureobp rattens: tbe tbiroe brother S>ir lames Ijangeo, 
 c?atone , ano quartcreo in tlje Tame place. 3Jf bee bao toitljallbaunteo of bis fucceffeof Ijis otone 
 jjoufe,noooubt tlje argument tootrlo bauemooueo mttclj, ano to?ougljt great effect jtobicb be-- 
 raufe bee fo? tbat p?efentfo?got,3| thought itgooo to remember m bis beljalfe. jFo?matterof 
 Eeligion it toou'.o require a particuler Volume, if 31 fijoulofctootone boto irreligiouflp tljep co* 
 uer tbcirgrceop ano ambicious pjetenfes', toitlj tbat fcetleof pietie, 0i5ut furc 31 am, tbacttjere is 
 no kingoome o? common-toealtlj in all Europe , but if tljep be refo?meo , tbep tljen iimaoe it foj 
 religion fake : if it bee, ass tljep terme Catrjoiique , tbep p?cteno title ; as if tbe SSingg of Caftile 
 toere tlje natttrallbetresiofall tbe too?lB:anDfobettoeenebotlj,no kingoome is bnfougbt,([Hj)cre 
 tbep oare not toiti; tljeir otone forces to inuaoe, tljep bafelp entertaine tbetrauoursanobaca* 
 bonoa of all Rations; fecking bp tbofe ano bp tljeir rumtagate Iefuit j to toinne parts*, a«& baue 
 bptbatmeanerutneomanpjaobleboufeganDotberstn tljislanoe,ano Ijauc ertinguifljeo battj 
 their liues ano f.imilies. attbatgooo, honour, 0} to? tune euer manpetbptljcm atcbicuto,ispct 
 bnljearo of, oj bntojitten. 3uo if our Englifh papiffs ooe but looke into Portugall , againtt 
 tobtclj tljcp baue no pretence of Kcligion, boto tlje jil5obilitie are put to oeatb , impjifonco, their 
 riclj men maoe a pjape.ano all fo?ts of people captiueo ; tbep fball finfle that tbc obeoience cuen of 
 tlje Tutke is eafie ano a libertie.in refpect of tlje ftaueric anD tp?annic of Spaine. SHbat Ijaue tbep 
 none in Sicilian Naples, Millaine, ano in tlje loto countreis ; tobo bath there bene fpareo fo? lRe« 
 ligion at all *•• 9no itrommetlj to mp remembrance of a certaine Burger of Antwerpe, toboff 
 Ijoule being entreo bp a companp of Spanifh foulciers , toben tljep ftrfl fatkeo tlje Citie, bee be* 
 fought them to fparc Ijim ano bis gooos , being a gooo Catljolique -, ano one of tljeir otone partie 
 ano faction. 'Cijc S paniards anftoere»,tljat tbep kneto Ijim to be of a gooo confeience fo? bitnfelfe, 
 but Ijis monep, plate, ictocls, ano gooos, tocre all Ijcreticall, ano tberefn?e gooop jif r. §>o tljep 
 abufeo ano tojmentco tlje foolidj Fleming, tobo bopeotljat an Agnus Dei bao bene a fuffictent 
 t srgct againft all fo?ce of tbat Ijolp ano charitable nation, jiSeitbcr baue tbep at anp time as tljep 
 p?ot.Cinuaototlje kingoomesof tlje Indies ano Peru,anoelfetoberc,butoneipleotbereunto,ra'' 
 ther to rcouce the people to Clj?iffianitie ,tbenfo? citljergolo o? Cmperic, SJEHljenasinone onelp 
 3!flano ealleo HifpanioIa,tljcp baue toafleo tljirtie buno?eo tl;ottfano cf tbe naturall peop5c,bcCoes 
 manpmtllions elfc in other places of tlje Indies: a poo?e ano Ijarmeleffif people createo cfGSofl, 
 ano might baue bene toonne to Ijis knotolcegc, asmanp of tbem toere, anoalmoflas manpass 
 rucr toere pcrftoaocD thereunto. Cbc flo?ie toljereof is at Iargeto?ittenbpaTBiCjop of tljeir 
 otone nation calico Bartholomew de las Cafas ,ano tranflateo into Englifh ansmanp otber lan« 
 pages, intttulto 1 he Spanifh cruelties. (IJtbo tootilo tijerefo?e rcpofe trull in futlj a nation 
 cf rauenoujs ftrangers, ano efpeciallp in t^ofe Spaniards tobicb ino?e greeoilp thitfl after 
 
 Cnglid; 
 
Sir Bjcbard (jreenuill. TrafHques andDifcouenes. 175 
 
 (EiigU^ blcoB , tjjcn «fcer tbeitucgbf anp other people of Europe, fo? tbcmanp oticrtbjoujcs 
 ano Difyonourstijcp Ijaue rcceiucD at curfjanDS,u>ljofe uocahencfTc toec (jane oifcouercDto the 
 iDQjlD , ano toljofe fo;ccs at borne , abjaao , in E uropc, tn India , bp fca ano jaiiD , lure fjatie eiicn 
 toitb Ijanafulies of men ano ujippes.oiicrtljjobJcn ano oiUjonottreD. let not tljerefo?c anp tf;ng* 
 liOj man,of taJ'oat religion foeuer , Ijaue otljer opnson of the Spaniards , out tljat tljofe niljom bee 
 feekcilj to uumie of out Ration, be cfieemetlj bafe ano trnpterouSjbiiHJojtbp perfons, o? bu= 
 conQanc fades : two tljat Ijc bfetb bis pretence of religion , fc? no otbt r ptirpofe but to bebJttcf) 
 us from tbrobeoicnccofoutnaturalllpjince; ttjertbp Ijopmg in time to bjtng V»s roflaurrpanO 
 fubiection,anB tben none (ball be unto them fo ooious.ano DifoapntD a? tlje traitourg tljemfrlues, 
 toljo Ijaue folnc their Countrep to a Granger , ano fo?faktn tljeir faitlj ano obCDti nee eontracie 
 tanature rj religtoitj ano eontracie to that Ijumauc ano gencrall bonour, not onelpof Cljji8t ! 
 an0, but of tjeatljen ano irreligious nations, toljo Ijaue alUiapcs fuftapneo VDljat labour foeuer, ano 
 cmb?acco euen Deatb it frlfe , fo? tljeir councrtp , pjtncc,c j common-iuealtb , l&a concluoe, 
 it bath cuer to tljis cap pleafco <2>oo to p?ofpcr ano Defeno Ijcr 3J}aieffie , to b?eake t be purpofes 
 ofnrilictouseucmies, of fo?ftoo?ne traptojs,anoof iuiufipjacttTes ano inuafions. gibeljatb 
 eucr beene bonourcD of the nio?tljiett kings, feiueo bp fatttjfull fubiects, ano (ball bp tbe fattouc 
 of€>ao, refiit, repcU,anD confounn all niljatfoeuer attempts againlr bcr facrco perfbnoj king* 
 Dome. 3lu tlje meane time let tlje Spaniard ano traptourbaunt of tbeir fucceffe, ano luce bee 
 true ano obeoiem baffalSjgutoeD bp tbe (ljiiiiugligljt of bee bcrcucs , (frail altoapcs louebcr,ferue 
 bcr, ana obep ber to tfye cno of our lute?, 
 
 A particular note of the Indian fleet,expeded to haue come into 
 Spaine this prcfent yeere of i 5 9 1 . with the number of fhippes 
 chat are perifhed of the fame : according to the examination 
 
 oiccna\ne Spaniards lately taken and brought into v 
 
 £»£/4»dbythe (hips of London. 
 
 I %)e fiecte of Noua Hifpania, at their firff gathering together anb letting foojcii, 
 
 J tocrettoo ano fif tic fades. "Slje Smmrall toag of fire bunD?eDtunnes,anDtbe. 
 
 Sllice aomirall of tlje fame burthen, jf oure 0? Sue of tlje fijippes toere of nine 
 
 Ijunojeo ano 1000 tuimesapecce,romefiuebttnDjeo,anDfomefoti!:ebunD?eB 
 
 ano tlje lead of ttoo ijunDjeo tuns, ©f tljis fleet 1 9 lucre call atoap.ano in tbtm 
 
 1 26oomenbpefiimation, tobicljtoas bone along tlje coaff of NouaHifpania, 
 
 fo tljat of tljefame fleet tbere v.mt to tbe Hauana but 3 3 failes. 
 
 %\)i flccteof Terra Firma lucre, at their firft Departure fromSpaine, fiftie failes, tohicb toere 
 bouno fo? Nombre de Dios, toljeretljep did Difcbarge tljeir laoing, ano thence retumeD to Car- 
 tagena, fo?tljeirbealtijs fake, bntill tbe time tlje treafure toas reaoienjcpujouIbtakem,attlje 
 faio Nombre de Dios, I5ttt befo je tljts fleetc Departeo 3 fome tuere gone bp one o? ttoo at a time* 
 fotbatoaeip2 3 faples of tljis fleetc arritteo in tlje Hauana, 
 [" 11 failes of Noua Hifpania. 
 At the Hauana J a 3 failes of Terra Firma. 
 there met \ 1 2 failes of San Domingo. 
 \_ 9 failes of tbe Hunduras. 
 Wjz iDbde 77 fijippes, iopneD ano fet failes all together at tbe Hauana , tlje 17 of galp, 
 accusing to our account ,ano kept togetljcr nntill tbep came into tlje beigljt of tljirtic fiue De= 
 grees.ujbicbujas about tlje teinbofaugua,U3beretljepfounD tbetoinneat gioutbtoett cljaun* 
 geo ftiDoenlp to tbe H5o?tlj, fo tljat tlje fea comming out of tlje gjoutbtoeff , attD tbe tuino berp bio* 
 lent at ji2o?tlj, tljep lucre put all into great crtremitie, ano tben firB loft tlje (Senerall of tbeir 
 flcete, bJiilj yoo men in ijer ; ana tm'tbin tb?ec 0? foure oapes after, an btber Bo?me rifing , tbere 
 toere fiue 0} fire otljer of tlje biggett fijippes call alnap luitlj all tbeir men , togetljcr toitlj tljeir 
 Oice-aDmirall. 
 
 ana in tbe beigbt of 3 8,Degtees,abottt tbe eno of 9tigufi,grebJ anotljer great fiojme.tn tobiclj 
 slltbe ties t failing 48. failes mere call atop : tuljicb 48,failes kept togetber,bntill tbcp came in 
 figbcoftbe3!flanD3ofCoruoauDFlores ; atouttbefift 0? firt of September, at tobicb timea 
 great fio?mefcparatcMbcm; of lBljicb number fiftttne 0? fireteene mere after fecnebp tljefe 
 Span yards 1 3 rice at andj:? turner tlje Tercera; ano t toelue 0) fourcteenc mo?e to beare toitb tbe 
 Siflatm of s«). Michael,- mijat became of tljcm after tljattbefe Spaniards mere taken cannot pec 
 be certtficD ; their opinion is , tbat berp UXo of tbee fleet arc efcapeo , but arecitber DjottineD j 
 taken. Sins it is otbcruiaies of late certificD, tbat of tW toljole fleete tbat ftjotiltj Ijaue come into 
 
 Spaine 
 
\y6 The Englifh VoyageSjNauigationSjM.^^rJ Flich^ 
 
 Spair.e thtspeerc, beingonebunojeDttotntieanDtlnee faple, there are airuitD as petbut &ue 
 amjctoentic. i&bisnote toascalmtoutof the estimation of certaine Spaniardes, tljattocre 
 bjottgljt into England bp fire of tljcfbips cf London, toljicb cocfec fcueu of the about nameo In- 
 dian JflCCtCnecrctlje 3;fian03 Of Scores, 
 
 A report of Matter Robert Flicke directed to Mafter Thomas 'Brom- 
 ley, Matter Ri chard Staper, and Mafter Corda/I concerning the fucceflc 
 or a pare of the LaWiwlupplies fenc to my Lord Thomas 
 Howard to (he lllcs of the <>slz.ores y I 5 9 I, 
 
 ' CSjfbipfuII, mp Ijenttte commenDations unto pou pjemiftD : 15p mp laff ofe^e 
 
 J ttoclfcb of Sugull from this place 31 aDticrtifeD pou partfculatlpof ifat acci* 
 
 'Dents of our jfleetebnttlltljei!. 3tremapnctljnoto to relate our enDeuours 
 
 in accompliftjing the ojDcr rccetucu fo? tljciopntng tottlj mp>IojDe Thomas 
 
 i Howard , together toitb tbe fucceffe toee tjatre IjaD , ffiui Departure front 
 
 1 Ijcncc tons the fcuenteentlj of augufi, tbe toinoe not feruiug befojx, 'Sbe 
 
 ncre Dap follotoiug 31 caufcD a .fflaggeof£ounfelltobeputfoojtlj,tobcrcuponcbe Captainest 
 
 ano Staffers of cuerp fljippe came aboo?D , anD 31 arquainteD tljem toitb mp Commiffiou , fir* 
 
 meobptlje Eight boiioutable tbeLojDegofbcr^aicfltesCounfen 3 anDU)UbaI(tbcr:Duewtfe» 
 
 ments of S>ir Ed ward Denny, of mp Lojoes Determination to remaine tljjeefco^e leagues to 
 
 tlje Ktclrof Fayal ,fpjcaDing j)2ojtb ano feoutlj bcttoirt tljirtie fcucn anD a Ijaife cj tbirtp cigbc 
 
 aim a Ijalf e Degrees, ano not finDing Ijim in tljis Ijeigcb to repaire to tlje 3 to cf Flores ana Cor- 
 
 uo , toljer-e a pinneffe of purpofe ftjoulD Cap our comming bntill tbe laff of %m%v& , toitlj intent 
 
 after tljat Dap to repaire to p coaff of Spaine,about tlje btigtb of '£ljeKocke ) fcme ttoentie a) tbu» 
 
 tic leagues off tbe ftjoare. 3Elje toljicb being aouifcDlp confioereD of,bauing rcgaro bnto tlje frjo?t= 
 
 neffe of time, bp reafon of our long aboDe in tbis place, anD tbe bncertainetp of t!jc toeatljer to fa= 
 
 ttourbs,ittoasgenerallpbolDenfo?t!je beff ano fecurefitoap to meete toitb mpicjDe, tobeare 
 
 toitb tbe btigtb of Cbe 5$ocfee , toithout mauing anp Cap bpon tlje coaft , anD fo Dircctlp fo? tlje 
 
 3lft*am>s toljiclj teas accojDtnglpfttHpagrecD anD perfomteo. Cbe 28 Dap toceljaD figbc of tbe 
 
 Burlmgs, ano tbe 29 being tljtoatt of Peniche, tlje toinoe feruingbs, toitbout anp ff.ip toe Direc 
 
 teDourcourfe22le(tfo?tbe3flanDs, %%i 30 Bap toe met toitlj <£aptaineRoyden in tbeRed- 
 
 Rofe, fometimc calleD tbe Golden Dragon, feparateB from mpiome Of Cumberland ma 
 
 fio jme: tobo certificD bs of 50 faples of tlje §>paniflj kings armaoas to be gone fo? tbe 3lanDS, 
 but coulD not tnfomte bs anp netoes of mpitott Thomas Howard, otbertotfe tben bponpje* 
 fttmption to remaine about tljc3|lIan9C£,auo fo luce continues our courfetlje tomce dancing 
 toitb bs. 
 
 Che 4 of September toe recottereoTcrcera, anD rangeo along alltbc3iflanDs,botbon tbe 
 feoutl) ano }!3o?tb fices tbe fpace of foure Dapes : During toljicb time it toas not our bap to meete 
 Hiitl; anp (hipping , mberebp eitber to bnDerCano of mp iojo, j of tbe Indian JF leete : btKupcm 
 IneDitectcDourcottrre to tlje ffiEleflfromFayal, accojDingto tbeinttructions of S>ir Edward 
 Denny, ^he 1 1 Dap in tbe piping to tlje ffOeQiuarDB toe Defcrieo a faple out of our mattie toppe, 
 anD in tbe afternoone bettoeene t too anD tlj?ee of tlje clocfee bauing rapfeo ber bull , tbe toeatbft 
 became calme.fo tljattbc fijip eottlo not fetcb ber, 3 fent off mp Sfeiffe tb?ougblpmanneD,fur' 
 nifijcDtoitbnjotanDftoo?Ds, ThcCherubin,anD tlje Margaret ano Iohn Doing tbe like, Jlpon 
 tbis tbefapletoD off againe, ano tbe nigljt app?ocbing, our boates Iofl Ijec anD fo retutneD. 3n 
 tbis our purfute after tbe faple tbe Centurion being left a Heme , tbe nert morning toec nufff D 
 Ijcr, ano fpent tl)at oap in piping bp ano Dotone feeding Ijer, 9nD fo? as muclj as euerp of tljefijips 
 baDrccetHeDojDer,cbat,ff bpertrcmitpoftocatljero? anp otljec mtfcljance tljepfijoulD be feue* 
 reo from our iPlec te , tbep ftjoulD meete anD iopne at Flores, toe, accoming to tlje iiidrmtions sf 
 finr Edward Denny,p?oceeDeD to tbe finDing of mp 1o?d Thomas Howard,bcing in tlje Ijeigtb 
 appointtD anD notable to boloe tlje fame bp reafon ofertreme tempelics toljiclj fo?ceDbsto tbe 
 Jfles of Flores anD Coruo, toljiclj tee maDe tbe 14 Dap in tlje mojning , auD tbere alfo iopneo a« 
 gainc toitb tbe Centurion, tobofe companp before tec bao loft : toljo Dt clarco bnto bs tbat tbe 1 1 
 Bap, being tlje fame Dap tbep lottbs,tljep mettottbnueanDfojtpfailcsof tbe Indian jFleete, 
 ■SI.be fame nigbt bpon tijefe nctoes toe came to an anhr r bettoeene Flores anD C01 uo,iijiD tlje n;a= 
 roto follotoing at tlje Uieafee of Dap, a flagge of CounftU being put out . tlje Captaines ?• ggjr^ers 
 came abojD me:to!iere,fo? tlje Defire to bnDcrff ano feme tiDings cf mp JL ojD.as alfo i be ftipplping 
 tf ourtoantof toater, it toas tljottgljt gooe to feno our boats furnifijeD on ffjo?e,bnDer tlje ccntuct 
 of Captaine JBrothus, ano tben it teas alfo ortertD afttrour Departure tbente to range along tbe 
 
 South 
 
MfRobert Flick^ Traffiques and Difcoueries, 1 7 7 
 
 ssoutljloesof tlje JflanDs to the em> toe might citljcrtoiccrltanD or tttj£o?fr, oj tlie itc:ijc on 
 tlje i«aian ffcccr; ana tit t!je miffing of our purpcfc ro Direct our cotirfe fo? Cape'SaffrVin- 
 centc. , . 
 
 Ojeboates, acco?aing to c&e Fojefapa acccrnrinatto:i ,'iiemg fent enfijoarc , it ci'nunccD tljnt 
 Zip Colk-ly rpaing bttermoft in the roaoe , did tuciglj to bnrig ber felfe moje nccre among b'a 
 fojtbcfuccouroftbe boatesfentoff, ana in opening clje lano cifcoucrcD ttoofaplcs, toijubtoe 
 in the roaoc cotilD not pcrcettic ; toijercupon fljee gatie us a teaming piccr.tobicbcattfcD us 
 to inane off our boatee back:, anD befoje tljcp coulo rccotter our (Iuppcs , the oifcrpea Hups ap* 
 pearca unco U3 , cotoatDcs the urtjiclj toe maoe toitlj M bade , arid in a brrp Ijappie beure , as tt 
 plcafco 60D, jn that luce Ijau not fo foonc cleareD tlje Iantie , a'.iD fpoften toici< one of tljcm, 
 toljich teas a Barke of Bnft oil , toljo Ijao alfo fought nip JLo?oe in the bcigths appointeD ano 
 coulD not two: b'.m , but a violent ftomte arofe, in faclj manner, as if toe fjaD retnaineo in tlje n B ^J e " 
 roaoe, toe bao becne in aatmgcr of peritbing : anD the fame extrcmelp enntinuca During tfjc 
 fpace of thjecfcoje Ijoures, 3!n toljiclj ftojme 31 toas CeparateD from our iflcete, ercrpt 
 the CherubinanQtbeCo(teIy,to!jicb kept companp toitlj nuc, Sua fo faplmg among tljcj* 
 lanes ,3! bieuieo the roaoe cf Fayal, ano Sitting no Eoaoers there, tocnt oirecclpfojtbe3lu'e 
 
 Tcrcera, 
 
 C&e nineteenth sap in the morning comming Unto v fame toitb intent to ecge into tlje HoaD, 
 a tcmpcll arofe ann fcamea tlje toince , that' toe coule :;or fea je it : from the tobiclj being ejiuen 
 toe fell among cercaiuc of tlje Indian jTlecte , tobiclj the fapae Co?me Dtfperfeo , ana put them 
 from the ro?,o : toijercupon mp fclfc toitlj the other ttoo fljipg in companie gauefctierall cljafes, 
 ano thercbp Ioff tlje companp each of other, 
 
 3lnfaIlottiing our chafe aboue noone toemaeebertouTikcanapeelBejbeingaPortugall, la* ^po^^n 
 Den toithbiDes/alfa-perilla anD Anile. 9t tljtSDeip inffanttoc cfpiee another, anD taking our VvxtnkM. 
 IPnje tote!) us follotueD her , anD fometoljat before nigljt obtapneD t;er, namcD the Conception, % „$> Wea . 
 Francifco Spinola being Captaine, to*ucb toas laDcn toitb btoegjCocbontllio, anocertaincrato Indu lPw« 
 Clke. Snafoi that the fe?s toere fo grotocit, as neither toithboate no? fljippe tfjep toere to bee talicn ' 
 bcopea, toe kept them till fit oppojtuni'tie, Che fame night a iitle bcfo?e Dap there fjappenca 
 aitJthennto our companp, fuppoiingugbp our ttoo pjijejsto be of tljeir jflcete, toljt'ch toe bntill 
 t!jemo?a;ng DifcmbleD. 
 
 Che z o cap in the morning , the faple being fljot fometoljat a heao of bsf 3 fjmmg, a fpeciafl tare 
 foj tlje fafe kcepingof the ttoofo?mer, toe purpoftD.to caufeour^?t?eB to put outmo^e faple 
 thereby to kecpe than neere in gtuing chafe to the other : unto the toljich the Scatter toottlD not 
 bearkenne? be pecftoaoeD , btutljat thep tooulD folloto b0 : bp the toljich tys toilfulncffe bp fuel} 
 time astocbaOCattfCDtbeothcrtO pcclDe.anD fent men ab00?D, tlje Conception, Francifco Spi- 
 nola Captaine being brought a Hcrne,anD (jautng gotten the toinoe of bs , ffooD off tot'th all (Jet 
 faple» bearing, fo as toe toere fo jceD to make a ncto chafe of her : anD IjaD not the iuinoe enlargeo 
 bpon us toe Ijao lofl Ijcr* 31 n the purfute before toe recouereo her ano brought our felues agame 
 in camp aup of our other pii?es , the toljole Dap toas fpent, anD bp this meancs toe loft the opo?* 
 tttnitic of that Dap , thetoratljct fitlp fcrutngto boo^DthePortugall^isjejtohith toas in great 
 Diftreffe.aiu) maoe requell to take tljem bcingrcaDietofinkcanD.astoetoclfpetceiucDjthcp 
 ceafcD not to pumpe cap ano night : tlje tohiclj ftjip to all our iuDgemeutg tlje fame nigljt peri* 
 (bebintbefen, 
 
 Che one anottoentie Dap the Conception, toljereof Francifco Spinola toas^aptat'nt, being 
 alfo in alcake, ana the fame ftill incrcafingnottoithftanDing tlje continuall pumping, in fuclj 
 fo?tas not to be kept long aboue toater , 31 tooke anD Difcbargeo out of her ttoo ano fo?tp cljefteu 
 otiJEochonilltoanD fiikes,anbfo left Ijet toitlj 1 1 foote toater infjolDejanDbec furniture ana 
 4700 ljiDes,bnto the feas. 
 
 Cije other f»?tfe tohtclj toeljauc brought into thebarbojough isnameD NoftraSennora de Ios 
 /emedios, toljereof Francifco Aluaresis Captaine, laoen toit.b 16 chcflsofCocljonillio.certaine 
 faroels of rato ftlke ,anD about 4000 IjiDes.dpon the Difcbarge of rlje gooos pour too jujips ftjall 
 be particularlp aBticrtifeD thereof, 
 
 3n tlje booking of thelites tlje Difo?ocr of tfje companp toas fuclj , as tljat thep letteo not 
 pjcfentlp beftBcs tlje rifling of tlje Spaniards to b?eaftc open tlje cljefts ano to purlopne fucb mo- 
 ncp as toa3 in ttjem: nottoithJauDing tljat it toas o?Dcreo at conucnient leafure to ijaue gone a* 
 hoop mp feife, ano there in tljcpjefence of tljjec 0} foure toirnetfes to hauc taken a iuft account 
 thereof, amnljtfame t oljaueput in fafe keeping, accojDing to the effects of articles recciuea 
 in this beljalfe . 
 
 ana toljereas there to:re alfo ceMne famines of monep taken ftom tlje companp tobtclj thep 
 
 baa 
 
■' ^^^ — ■ n- 1 , ri Mwmmmm | 
 
 178 The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations^ M.Tiobert Flick^ 
 
 t)(iD£ijuBpui:lopiicDanO£ml(cfeleD,antiClj£fanieuiit!jfomcott)cr parcels brought aboojo mp fijip, 
 amounting unto zi 29 p^ots ^ahalfc.tbecompanpasptliagc bue buto tljcm onnanbeb to hsue 
 theiame ffjaret), tohich Ji t£fufeD,$ openlpat the maine malic rcao tlje articles firmeo tp mp jLc^o 
 ■SreafucecanDmpIojD aDmirall.torjercbprueousljttobeDJrcctcDjauDtijatit toa? not inmcc 
 anptoap to bifpofe thereof untilltlje fametoerennallp betermtneoathomc. thereupon thepmu* 
 tmcrj ana at latt greto into fitch func, as that thep tooulo haue it 0? els bjeake botone the cabbine, 
 tohich thep lucre alfo reaDie to put in p?actiff,toljercup 31 toas fojceo to peclD, leafi the Spaniards 
 tohich toe haoabojo being manp pciceiuing tlje fame , ttitgljt Ijaue Ijao fie oppojtunitietorifea* 
 gainfibSjlDljtc&.afterttjeirb^atolestocreappcafcD.rijcpfoupjtjttoljatic put uterecutnm, 
 
 T£5p thclall aouife from Caftilc the ©enerallof tlje kings 9rmaoa tohich is larelp tome to fca 
 hath receitieDcommaunbemcnc to iopnetjis jflcetetoitb tl;ofc of t!je 3Int>ies,ant> fo? to ffap alto- 
 gether at Tercera untill the 1 5 of SDccobet : fo? that 6 patacbes toith 70? 8 millions oftlje kinga 
 ireafure toillcome bp that times? els thep flap their comming from Hauana bnttl Januarp ncrt, 
 o?thekings further pleafurc therein to be knotoen, 'Slljefepitacbesare faiotobcof 300 tuns 
 theptece, ano to carp 30 pieces ef b?aue,anoalfoof failertpojteb tobaue theabuantageof anp 
 ujipping. 
 
 Cljcre periBjen of tlje Jiioics Jf leete funfee in ttje fea before trjeir eomming to Flores 1 1 failcg, 
 tohercof the (Seneral toas one.anb not one man fauco. Stio it is bp the Spaniards tbcmfelues p?e» 
 fuppofeo tljat tlje flo?mes tohich toe fan at Flores $ at Tercera haue oeuoureo manp mo?e of them, 
 totjereof in part toe mere epe tottneues,9no fo tohat bp the feas ano our mm of toarre 3 pjefume 
 trjat ef 75 fattest that came from Hauana, halfe of them toillneuer arrtue in Spaine. 
 
 Hrje 1 1 bap of ©ccober at night toe came to anker in the founb of Plimouch.ano the rert moy- 
 ningtoith out Jp?i?c came into Cacrewater: fo?tol)ichQ3obbetIjimr<eo: fo?thatabchemcnc 
 ito?mearofe,anDtoitljfucb furpmcreafeb.astbat the lp?i?e toas fo?ceo to cue ouer her maine 
 matte : ottjc ttoifc toit I) tlje biolenre of tlje Go?mr, her grounb tackle being bab , (lie IjaD c?tuen on 
 ft)ojc:to : itcljtoastrjemoacaufettjatmi.'itcDmctoput inljcrcssntenbing noto here to bifcljarge 
 tlje gooes toicljotit tuctljer aouenturc, ann Ijauc certifieD tljus rauclj bnto mp Io?o QonuraU, ano 
 theretoith alfo oeftrcb to bnbertranoe cljefcircctionof tbcLo?bsof tljctounfcli together toitfj 
 pours, infomuch as mpllo?o Thomas Howard is not retumeb, Ipotothe rrfl of our confo?tg 
 tobictj tot re fcparateo from ss bp toeattjer Ijaue fpetj, 0? toljat \p jijes ttjep Ijaue taken , toijereof 
 there tsmucbbopebprcafonofthefcattcring of the<BIJctt Indian ^leete, as pet toe areableto 
 Cap nothing, 3no thus erpecting pour anftoere, ana fo ? all otbermatters referring mebiuotfje 
 iearetCaptameFurtho,3leno. Plymouth the 24 of©ctober« 1 5 9 1. 
 
 N gourtoojujipslourngfritno 
 
 Robert Flicke. 
 
 A large teftimony of lohn Huigben Van Linfchoten Hollander,concer- 
 ning the worthy exploits atchieued by the right honourable the Earle of 
 
 Cumberland, BySiiCMariineFrohjher, Sir Richard Creenmle, anddiucrs other Englrfh 
 Captaines, about the Hies of the e^ow, and vpon the coafls of .$)><«»* and PortHgall,in 
 ti.eyeeres 1589,1590, I59i,&c, recorded in his excellent difcourfc of voiages to the 
 Eaft and Weft Indies, cap, 95, 97, and 99, 
 
 I l?e 22of3IuIp i589ahout€ueninfj,ueittg up tlje 3lSancg of Flores tj Coruo, 
 
 toe perceiuen 3 ujips that mane totoaros bs, tohiclj came from unber the Ianb, 
 
 tohich put be in great feare: fo? tljep came clofe up out abmiraU,ano ujot Biuera 
 
 times at him, ano at another (hip of our companie , tofaerebp toe perctiuen them 
 
 to be ffinglitimen, fo? thep bare an CngliQj flagge bpon tljeir maine tops , but 
 
 1 naneoftljemujctoebtobeabouefiotunncsingreatnes, 9bout Cuening tljep 
 
 fbllotoeo afterbg, anoall night boje lanterncs toitlj canoles burning in them at tljeir Hernes,al= 
 
 though the Spooneujineo.Cljefamenightpam'ngtjarobptljeSiflanbofFayaljthenettsapbeing 
 
 bettoeene the 3flano of <§>,George tfjat lap on our right barto, ano tlje fmall 31flano calleo Gra- 
 
 ciofa on our left hano, toe efpieb tlje 3 CngUlfa ujips Hill follotoing bs p tooke counfell together, 
 
 toijereof one faileb backtoaros.tljinking that fomcothcr ujip Ijab come afterbs toithout copanp,? 
 
 fo? a time toas out cf ftght, but ittoas not long before it came again to $ other ttoo.totjertuitb ttjep 
 
 tooke coftiel 9 came all 3 together againtf out ujip, becaufe toe lap in the lee of al our ujips, $ haf 
 
 jjjllane of S.George on the one fioe in flean of a fconee.tbinfcing to beale Co toith bs.that in f enu 
 
 toe ffjoulo be conStainco to tun bpon tlje fho?e,toheteof toe toanteb not mucl),anb in that manner 
 
 toith 
 
%hehon.BrleofQu?nb. Traffiques andDifcoireries. . 17 y. 
 
 toitlj tl^ic fldijgcsc^cnip DtfpI^eDjCamc lu8ilp totoarDCBUs.fownahiij tijesr ^rmtijji ts, nno faj)^ 
 IeD atttjc leafl tljjec ttiwce about us, beating bs toitlj Slfjufket ano Caliurr; ano feme great 
 picces,anDDiDu8noi)urcintbelJODpofoueQ)tppf,uut fpopleo all put faplcs ano topes ,nno to 
 tonclUDe^toee tocrefopiagncDbptbm,tljatnomancurtIputfoojtl;bj3 Ijcao,antrU3ljcutoce foot 
 offapcccc.toecbaoatdjcleaftanboitrcstoojketolaoe it againe, tobcrebp toee b-ib fo great a 
 noifeanocrie ttttbe tTjippe.ass if toe baoaU Ucnc cattatnap^ljercat tfce Cngltib men tbemfrturs 
 begannetomockcbs,anDtoitbatboitfanDicttingtoo?DB calleDbnto bs. 3Bntbemcane ttmctbe 
 otljct 0)tpprs ijoifcn all tljetr fapIe3,ano oiD tbe brtt tbep coulo tofaileto tbe 3iflano of Tercera, 
 not Icokingonce brtjinoe tbem to Ijelpc i»B,tiotibtuiff tljep QjoulD come too late tljtt&er, not raring 
 fo?bs,but tanking tljcmfclues to Ijatie bone fufficicntlp fo tbep fatico cbeir otone Hakes, toberc« 
 op it map eaftlpbefecnelBljatcoinpanptljepkcepeonelottljtfjeotber.anOttljat ojtoer is among; 
 tbem. jn tlje cnoe tlje (£ngli(b men perceiuing fmall atttantagc againtt bs , (little knotoinof 
 in toljat cafe ano fcare toe toere,asalfobecattfe toee toere not farrc from Terccra) leftos/tobicl? 
 mabe us not a Ittle to reiopce^s tbiuktng out felucs to beetiftn from Dcatb tolife,altljouglj toee 
 toere not tot II alTurco.ncptrjcr pet bopbe of f care till toe lap in tbe reabbefoje Tercera, ano unoer 
 cljefafetie of tbe t5a^tmgale& fo?t,ano that toemtgbtgettbttberingooD time toee mabe all tbe 
 fai'cs toe coulo : on tbe otljcr fibe toe toere in great coubt,becaufe toe kneto not toljat tljcp bib in 
 tUejaanb.no^torjctijcrtljeptoereourftienosojtnemies.anbtoeooubtcDfomucl) tbe mcjejle* 
 eaufe toe founo no men of toarre no? anp Caruels of aouife from Portingal ,as toee maoe our ac* 
 counts to ooe.tbat migljt contiop bsfrom tIjence 5 o? giueos aDuife,asin tbat touitttep o?btnanlp 
 tljep tofe to oo:ano becaufc tbc Cngliflj men bao bene fo bicto?icus in tboic parts, it mace bs M> 
 pecttbatittoentnottoelltottbSpaine:tbepoftbe3ltlanbofTerceratoereinnoJeu"e feare ti;ew 
 toe,fojfeeingourflrete,tbeptbougbtbstobeeCngI:fbmen, ano tljat toee tame to ouerrun tbe 
 3if{ano,becaufetbe j.€ngIitbmenbabbounbbptrjeitflags 3 anb came in cempanp toitb bs:fo? 
 tbe tobtel) caufe tbe3lflanQ fentout ttoo Camels tbat lap tbtre toitb aouife from tbc king, ft,? fye 
 3noiau fljtps tbat fljoulo come tbitljer, ^bofe Caruels came to bieto bs,anb pcrcciuina tobat toe 
 lptte,maocafterbs,tobereupontbc€ngliO)tbipsIefcbs,anomaoetotoarbes iljcm, becaufe tbe 
 Caruels tljougljt tbem to be fricnos,anD SjttimeD tbem not,as fuppefing tbem to bee of our com- 
 panp,bttt toe Qjot foure o? fiuettmes ano mabe fignes unto tljem tljat tljep fboulo mabe totoarcs 
 tbe 3JflanD,tobicljtbe?p?efenclpDtD« Qty Cnglifbmen pcrceiuinp; tIjat,oio put tb?toarDsinto tbe 
 fea,rj fo tbc Caruels bo joeD bs telling bs tbat tlje men of tbe 31 flano toere all in armcs,as bailing 
 tcceiueD aouife from Portugall, tbat &ir Francis Drake toas in reabinelTe, anb toouloe come 
 bnto tljofe 3iflanDs. ®fcepliketoifeb;!ongljtu0netoesoftbeouertb?otooftbe ^pantuj fleet be» 
 fajcEngiand.anb tljat tbc Cngltilj men bao bene before tbe gates of Lisbon: tobereupon tlje 
 king gaue us commmibement tbat toe fboulo put into tbe 31flanb of Tercera, ano tfcere lie bnber 
 ity fafetp of tlje Caflle bntil toe receiuco furtber aouife toljat toe fljoulo 00,0? tobetber toe ftjculo 
 faile:fo? tbat tljcp tbougbt it too oangerous fo? bs to go to Lisbon^bofe netoes put our fleet in 
 great fear e,ano maoe us lookebpon ecijeotbecnot knotoingtoljat to fap, as being Dangerous fa? 
 tbem to put into tbe roan,becaufe it lietb open to tbe fca : fo tbat tbe 3)nbtan fbips,altbougb tljep 
 &aoerp?effecommanoement from tbc kinglet tbtpDurfl not anker tbere,butcnelpbfro to come 
 tbitbf t,ano to He to ano fro,ftnbingtljcir boatcs onlano to fetclj fuclj neceffaries as t!;ep toantco, 
 toitboittanfeering:butbeingbpneceffittccompe!Iebtljereunto,asalfobptbc kiugs commanbe* 
 ment,anofo?tIjatto.ebnDcrflooDtbeCrleofCumberlandnocto bee farre from tljofe aflanos 
 toitb certaine fljips of toarre,toe mabe neeeffitic a bertuejanocntring tbe roao.ankereo clofe on« 
 BertijeCafllcBapingfo? aouife ano ojoerfromtbekmgjtoperfomie our Jjopage, it being tben 
 $Ije 24.of3!ulp,ano S.Iamesoap, 
 
 %\)t oap befoje tbe €rle of Cumberland toitb <5,o? 7,ujips of toar, faileobp tbe Slflann of Ter- 
 ceia.anbtotbfirgteatgoobfo^tunepafleboHtoffigbt, Cotbac tljep bifpatcljeb tbemfelucs in all 
 lj3fte,a'.!bfo?tbemo?efecuritie,tooketottbtljcm4,bunb?eoSpaniards,oftbofetbatIapin (Sarn« 
 fpn mtbc31flano,anD toitb tljemtljepfapleototoaros Lisbon,bauingagoobtoinb : ftrtbattoitbin 
 1 1 Dates after tljep arriueo in tbe riucr of Lisbon toiclj great glabnes 9 trtumplj : fo? if tbep baO 
 ttapeb but one oapionger befo?e tbep bao entrco tbe riuer, tljep bab all beene taben bp Captaine 
 Drake, tobotoitlj4oftjips camebcfojcCafcais.attbefame time tbat tbe Indian ujips call anker 
 in tlje nuer of Lisbon, being garoeotbittjerbpoiuers ©allies* 
 
 aiHjile 31 renwincb in Tercera, tlje Crle of Cumb. came to S.Marie, to take in freftj loafer, 
 
 annfomc otbcruictualstbuttljeinbabitautstooulDnotftttTerbim-tobaucit, but toouneeb boil? 
 
 bimfelfe $ Diners of bis men,tobcrebp tbep toere fo?ceb to Depart tortbout Ijauing anp tljing tljere. 
 
 ^L\}t Crie of Cumberland tobile 31 lap in Tercera ,came Vjntotlje 31fle of Graciofa ,tobete 
 
 bimfelfe m pcrfon.toitb fcuen o? eigbt in bis wmpanp toenc on lano^ king cettaine beafls^ens, 
 
 ana 
 
r •> 
 
 i8o The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations,T^^ hon.SrleofCumb. 
 
 anootyec Actuals, toity toineanofreftjtoater.tobicb tyep totIlmglpgauerjim,ano tyeretotty 
 be oepatteo from tyence.toityout Doing tbem anp rjurt:fo? tye tubtcy tye tn^alitcantjs t&anbeo him, 
 ano commenced b»m fo? tjiss tourtefie, aim keeping of Ijus p?nmife, 
 
 "Clje fame time tyat the €rle of Cumberland toas in tye afiano of Graciofa , rje tame like* 
 toifetoFayall.tobcreat the firft time that be tame, tyep beganne torefiftbim, but up teatbnof 
 fbme controuerfie among tyein , tyep let him lano, inhere be ra?eo tye Cattle to tye grouno , antj 
 funke all their © jdinancc in the f ea, taking toitb Ijim certaine Carauels ano ujips that lap in tye 
 roao, toitb p?ouifion of all tying* tyat tie toanteo : ami theretoith ocparteo againe to fea, (GH6ete« 
 upon tye king caufeotyep?incipallacto?s therein to be puniftjeo, amifenta corrrpanpof routoit 
 erstyttber againe, toljity toent out of Tercera, toity all kinoeof toarlike munition, ano great 
 foot, makingtye fojetrefte Dp againe , tye better to defend tye afiano , ttufting no mo?e in tye 
 Portugales, 
 
 The pp Chapter. 
 
 Tij)enintyof ©ctober 1 5 8 9, there arriuen in Tercera fourteene (hips that tame from tye 
 gipaniuj antjies ,laDentoicrjCocrjentle, $tDe8,©olDe,&imer, pearles, anootyerrity 
 toares* %\)t 1 g toere fiftie in companie , toben tyep departed out of tye Spauen of Hauana, tobere* 
 of , in tyeir comming out of tye Cbanneil , eleuen funke m tye fame Channel! bp foule toeatber, 
 tbc reft bp a llo?me toere fcatterco ano feparatec one from tye otyer, Clje nert cap there tame 
 anotycr ftjip of trje fame companie, tyat fapleo clofe bnoer tye attend, fo to get into tye IReaoe: 
 tobere (be met toity an Cnglfty fyip tyat bad not abouetb?eecaftpeeces, ano the Spaniards 12. 
 Cbe p fought a long time togetyer, tobity toe being in tye afland mtgbt llano ano berjolo : inhere* 
 tojon tye ©ouernour of Tercera fentttooboates of Spufketiers tobelpe tye Ibippe: butbefo?c 
 tyep coulDcome atrjcr.tye (Engliftj fyip bad ftjot her under toater, ano toe fatoberfinke into tye 
 &ea toity all bet faples op, ano not anp tying feene of beraboue tye toater. ^ijeenguqjmett 
 toity tyeir boate faueo tye Cap taine ano about tytrtie others toit b him, but not one penie-too?ty 
 cf tye gooDMivti pet •« tyedjippe tycrc toasattyeleafi to tye ualueof ttoobuno?eo trjoufano 
 Duckats in (Soloe, filuer , ano pearles , tye reft of tbc men toere o?otoneo tnbicb might be 
 about fiftie perfons , among trje tobicb toere fome jFrpcrs ano toomen , Which trje Cnglitymett 
 tooulo not faue* Crjofe tyat tljep bao faueD tyep fet on lano : ano tyen tyep fapleo atoap, <&$, 
 feuen ano twentieth of the fame monety , trje fapo fourtecne tfjips bauing refreftjeo tbemletaest 
 in the aflano Departed fromTerteratotoarosiuill.anocommingopontyetoaftof Spainc tyep 
 toere taken bp tye Cnglilb tyips tljat lap tyere to toatcb fo? them, ttoo onelp eicepteo torjity cfca* 
 pen atoap, ano tye reft toere tobollp carieo into England, 
 
 about tye fame time tye Crle of Cumberland toifb one of tlje Oueenes fijipe, ano fiue o?0tc 
 mo?e, kept about tbofe aflanos anu came oftentimes fo clofebnocr the aftateiann to the Koarj 
 of Angra , that the people on lano migbt ealtlp tell all Ijis men tyat he hab aboo?t> , ano knetoe 
 fucb as toalkeo on tye^atctjesc tyep of the aftano not once fbooting at tyem, although tyep 
 migbt eaClp haue none it, fo } tbep toere toitbin ^ufke t ftjot both of the totone ano fo?t. an theft 
 plates be tontinueo to? tye fpace of ttoo moneths ,ano fapleo ronno about the aflanos, ano Ian* 
 oeo in Graciofa ano Fayal, asin tye oefcription of tbofe aflanos a haue alreaoie oeclareo. ^ere 
 rje tookeoiuers ujipss and €arauels,toljtcb he fent into England 5 fo that tydfe of the Jflano outft 
 not once put foo?ty tyeir btaos. 31 tye fame time about ty?ee 0? fouce.oapeg aftertheCarleof 
 Cumberland baDbeene in the aflanoofFayal, ano toas oeparteo fromtyence, there arriueo in 
 the fato aflano of Fayal fire auoian ftjippes , tohofe ©enerail toas one iuan Doriues : ano there 
 tyep otftyatrreD in tye 3Jlano 4 millions of goloe ano filuer. Sno Ijauing toity all fpeeoe rerreujeo 
 tbeir ujips, fearing trje comming of the Cngliftjmen tbep fet faple, ano arriueo fafelp in Q>. Lu- 
 car.not meeting toity the enemie.to the great gooo lucfte of tye Spaniards ano haro fortune of tye 
 Englifhmen: fo? that toitbin IefTe then ttoo oapes after tye golo ano filuer teas laoen againe into 
 tye ^ipaninj fbips.tye Crle of Cumberland fapleo againe bp that allano : fo tyat it appeareo that 
 <Soo tooulo not let tbem haue it, fo? if tbep bao onte Ijao fight thereof, toithout Doubt it hao bene 
 theirs , as tlje Spaniards tyemfelueg confetleo. 
 
 3n tye monety of }fr ouember there arriueo in Tercera ttoo great tyippeis, tohity toere the 9o« 
 mirallatio aiceaomirall of tye jFleete laoen toitb filuer, tobo toity fto?mie toewher toere fepa« 
 rateo from tye tfleicte, ano baoteenein great tojment ano oiftrelfe, ano reaoie to finke: fo? tyep 
 toere fo?ceo to bfe all tyeir p«mpsi:lb tyat tyep toifteo a tyoufano times to haue met toity the 
 <Engltfl)mcntotobom tljep tooulo toillingip haue giuen their filuer ano all that euer tyep bjougbt 
 toitb tljcm,onelp to faue tyeir 1«k». 3n» aItbougrjtrje«5tIcofCumberland lap ftfllaboHt tbofe 
 
Spanijh prices takgn. TrafHques and Difcouenes. 181 
 
 aflanoa.petcbepmec not to)itlj biro, fotljat after mucbpaincanD labour tl>cp not into ilje&oaa 
 iefo?e Angr», tuyere Uitt^all fyceoe tljep unlaocD ano Difcljargcoabouc fine milltonjs of Bluer, 
 all in pieces of B 01 iopotmocr,reat i la time the uihole IKap lar- ccuirco VJitljpIatc5r.no cljefljB of 
 Glucr, full of Kpalea of eigbc ,mott monoerfttU to beijolo, (rnclj million being ten bunojeo tljou* 
 fano Ditckats,) beSDes pearlcs, golD,ano otber Bones, toibiclj toierc not regiftreD. ®be StomicaH 
 ano cbiefe commaunoer of tbofe fljips ano jFIeete calleD Aluaro Florcs Ac Quiniones toias ficke 
 eftlje Neapolitan oifeafe, anD toias bjougbt to lano, tonjereof not long after Ije Dies in Smillia. tyt 
 b jotigbt toiitb bi m tbc Sings b joao fenle ano full autljojjttie to be (Bene rail aim cljiefe commaim- 
 Ber Upon tbe •Swaa, ano of all jflcctce 0) fijtps, ano of all places ano Uflanpg , o? lanes oiljerefo* 
 iturbecametttbereupontljegoiieinourofTerceta did Ijim great Ijonour, ano bettoieenetljem 
 ittojasconcluDeDjpereeiuingtbctoieakneffe of tljeir fljips, anotljc Danger of tbe «Cnglifijmen, 
 tbat ttjep toioulD fenD tbe ftjtppes emptie tontlj fouloicra to tcnuep tljem , eitber to Siuill o) Lil- 
 bon^lu-retbepcou'D&rllaruuej tuitb aDuife btuobis SQatcGicof alltljatbaDpaft, ana tfjat be 
 toioulo glue ojDcr to fetcb tljc filttcc tomb gooD ano Cafe conuop, CClbcrc upon tbe faiD Aluaro Flo- 
 iesfiapeDtbere,tonoec colour of keeping tbe Bluer, but fpcciallpbecaufeofrjis oifeafe, ano foj 
 tbat tbep tocre affratDe of tbe Cngliflmicn. ®bis Aluaro Flores Ijao alone fo? Ijis otome part a* 
 boue 50000 Duckats in pearles, toljicb be fljeuieD unto Da , $ fougljt to fell tbeni j barter tbem 
 mitbtosfojfp'.cesoii bilsofercbange. OjefaiDtuio fljips fet faplc toiitb 3 0^ 4 Ijuno^eb men, as 
 tuell fouloiers as others tbat came tout b tbem out of India, ano being at fea Ijao a ffo ?mr, tolicre- 
 toittli tbe aomiral burtl ano funke in the fea,$ not one man faueo, 'vLljc tlicc-3Dmtrr.il cut Dotome 
 liec maff.ano ratine tbe (Up on grounD Ijaro bf Setuual,uibcre it burtt in pieces, fome of tlje men 
 fauing tbcmfclucs bp f uiimmmg, tbat b?ougljt tbe neto)es,but tbe reft Were Djotomco. 
 
 3n tbe fame mom to 1 be re came ttoio great fljips out of tljc <§>pamflj 3!nDics, ano being hiitljin 
 half a mile of the Koai> of f crcera,tbep met toiitb anCngliflj fbip ] totjtch,afccr tbep IjaD fought long 
 together, tooke tbem botlj, about 7 0; 8 monrtbsbcfoje, there baDbeeneanffingufljfljippe in 
 Tercera, t b u unoct tlje name of a frenchman came to traffike in tlje Sflano, t berr to laoe toioaD, 
 ano being oifcouereo tous both fljip ano gooDa confifcatco to tlje kings life , ano all t be men kept 
 pit loners : pet toient tbep «p anD Dotome tbe flrcctes to get tbeir linings, bp labouring like flauesj 
 being in oeeDe as fafe in tbat 3 flanD,as if tbep bao beene in pjifon. 3ut in tbe enoe upon a feun« 
 Dap.all tbe staplers toient Dotome bebinDt! tlje bite calten Brefil: tuyere tljep fon.no a g ifljcr- boat* 
 mijerctntotbcp got anD rotoieDintotbefeatotije©rlcof Cumberlands fijippes, toibiclj to tbeir 
 great fomme cbanr o at tbat time to come bp tbe Site, ano anker cd toiitlj bis Hups about balfc 
 a mile from tbe IRuao of Angra, baro bp ttoio fmall Jflanos, tobteb lie about a bafes fljot from tbe 
 afla»D ana are full of iSoats , Deere ano <%>beepe, belonging to tbe inljabitants of tlje aflanDof 
 Terc«ra, Z'ook ^aplera knctoi it toJcll anD tljcrctipon tljep rotoen Dnto tljem to/itij tbeir boates, 
 into Iping at ank^r tlj.it Dap, tbep fet cijeD as manp ©oatea anD (beepe aa tljep bad neeoe of: toibtclj 
 tljafe of tlje totome anD of tlje Sftano tuell fan) ano beljelD, pet Durtt not once goe foo j tlj ! & tljcrc 
 remaineonomo?eonlanDbuttbeSpalleranDtbeS^arcbantoftbefaiD (Engltujfbip. %\fe $$& 
 Iter ban atfotljer in latoicDtoielling in £itglanD,toHjoljauingnetiies of Ijisbiotljers impnTon* 
 ment in Tercera , got licence of tbe ©.tteene of England to fet fojtlj a fljip , tberetnitb to fee if be 
 cjuloreeouer bis lofTea of tlje Spaniards bp taking fome of tbem, ano To to rcocemc bis bjotfjcr 
 tljat lap pjiioner in Tercera, anD be it tolas t bat tuoke tbe ttoio &pani(b ujips before tbe £otoinCi, 
 t\)i$)<\Qei of tlje fijipafojcfaiDflanDingotuljeujoje bpmc, anD looking upon tIjem,fo;ljetoiad 
 mp great acquaintance.^be Qjips being taken tbat mere too?tb 3 00 tboufanD Duckats, be Cent al 
 tbe men on lano fauing ottelp ttoio of tljc p?tnctpail tSentlcmen , toiljiclj be kept aboop tljerebp to 
 rant ome bt's biotlicr : ano fent tbe pilot of one of tbe 3nDian ujtpa tljat lucre taken , toiitb a letter 
 to tlje d?ouerno } of Tercera: toiljeretn be toijot c tljat be QjoulD Delitier Ijim bis bjotljer, 9 he toioulD 
 feno tbe 2 Gentlemen on lanD: if no t,Ije toioulo faile toiitb tbem into England^as tnoeeo be did, be 
 caufe tlje 6ou;rnour toioulo not Doe it, faping tbat tbe gentlemen migljt make tljat fuite to tbe 
 Ititig of Spaine bimfclfc, 5Itji3 ^pantfl) pilot toie bio to fupper toiitb bs,anb tljc CngliQjmen like* 
 toife.toibcre be fljetoico Dsalklje manner of tbeir figbt, mncb commenDing tljc o?Der anD maner of 
 tbe (£ngl(fljmens figbttng,aa alio tljetr courtcousuGngof Ijim : but in tbe cno tbe <£ngltfij pilot 
 iiketoiife ftMeatoiap in a jfccnctj Qjip, toiitbout paping anp ranfome as pet. 
 
 31 n tbe monetlj of 3!anuarie 1 5 90 tljcrc arriueo one fljip alone in Tercera , tljat came from tbe 
 fepamfrj Indies, anD b 10 ugbt netoies tbat tbere uias a jfleete of a Ijuno jcd bjippes tobicb put out 
 from tbe jTirmc lanDof tljc Sipamflj Indies, anD bp a ftomte toiercDjiucnbpontbe coafi calico 
 Florida, toiljere tljjptoiere all catt auiap.Oje Ijauing oiielp efcapcD,toberin tljere uiere great ricbes, 
 9 manp men Iott,ae it map toe II be tljougbtifo tljat tbep maoc tbeir acconnt.tbat of 2 aofijipa tljat 
 foj certatlie tocre knetoen to batte put out Of Noua Spagna, S. Domingo,Hauana,Capo verde, 
 
 Qj] q BrafJia, 
 
i8z The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, SpaniJh^Barbaritie* 
 
 Bralilia.Guinea^c. uubcpcere l 589.ro failefOjSpaincsPoriugalljtberemtrenutabOUe 14 
 
 0? 1 5 of tljem acriuco there in fafc tie,all the reft being t itber cjoten eo, bur 2 0; taken, 
 
 3I:i the fame monctb of January there arriueo ht Tcrcera 1 5 ? 1 6 fljips that came from Siuil, 
 lnhiclj mere mott Jflieboats ofilje torn countrics,anD feme Britons that mere arrcfteo in Spaine : 
 tl)efe came full of fouloiers, ano mcl appointed mith munition,to laoe the filuet tljat lap in Tcrce- 
 ia,ano to fetch Aluares dc Flores bp the kings comanoement into Spaine. 9no becaufe that time 
 of the peere tljere are allnapes fto?mes about tbofe 3Hanbs,trjerefo?c tljep burfi not enter info the 
 roao of Tercera,fo? that aa then it blem fo great a fio?me tljat feme of their fljips tljat bf 6 anbreo 
 mere fo?ceo to cut oomne their maftc&ano tnere in banger to be loft : ano amor g the reft a ujip of 
 Bifcaie ran aganift flic lanDanotoaBftrihcniuuteces, but all tfjemeiifatieb itcnifcli.es ♦ Zl)CO'- 
 tber fljips mere fo?ceo to keepe the fea ano fcperate tbenffeltteg one from tbeotlje^ tubere toino 
 anomeatber mould o?ittetbembntilltbe i5of Search fo? tljat in all tljat time tbepcottlo not bane 
 one bap of faire voeatljer to anker in, tuberebp tljep cnoureo much miferie, cutting botlj trje Gluec 
 ano tlje llano. Z bis ftonne being paft,tljep tljan ccd to meet mith a fmall <£ngliftj ujip of abouc 
 40 tunnes in btgncffe,tuljicl) bp reafon of trje great timto coulo not beare aft Ijer failcgt fo tljpp fet 
 Dponber ano tooke hcr,and mith the Cngliuj flag in tljcir aomirals fterne,tljcp came as pjouolp 
 into iljr Ijauen as if thep bad conquered all tlje realtne of England : but as tlje aomirall tljat bare 
 tlje Cngliuj flag bponfjrrfterne teas entring into trjeroao, tbere came bpcljance tmo Cngliftj 
 fliips bp tlje Jlann tbat pated rjcr fo mcll fo? fjcr paincs, tljat ttjep mere fo?crd to cip Mifericor- 
 dia, ano mitljuur all ooubt Ijao takenber.if flje Ijao bene but a mile further in tlje fea : but becaufe 
 fljegot bnDertbejFo?treu'e, mijicbalfobegantofljootat the Cngliujmen, tbepmere fo?ccoto 
 leaue !jcr,ano to put further into the fea, hatting flainc flue 0? fire of tlje Spaniards, 3Dbe Cngliuj* 
 men that mere taken in the fmall ujippemcrcputbnDcrbatcbcs,ano coupleo in bolts, ano after 
 tljep ijao benep?ifoners 3 01 4Dapes,tljere mas aSpanifh <CnGgne-bear^r in tfje ftjip tljatbatj 
 a bjutijerflaine in tlje jflect tljat came fo? England, mbo as tljcnminoing to reuenge tjisoeatfj, 
 anDtoitljaitcofbetoi ijis manhood on tlje <£ngliujcaptiues that mere in trje Cngliflj ujip, mijtcjj 
 tfjcp bad taken, as is afo?efapo, tooke apoiniatoinbisbanD ano lncnt ooinne bnoer tlje batches, 
 mhere finning the poo?e€ugliujmen fitting in bolees, mith the fame poiniarolje Cabbed fire of 
 trjem to tbc heart : lnljicb tmo others of tbemperceiuing, claipeo each other about the mioele, be- 
 caufe tbepinottlo not be numbered bp Ijim.j rlj?eni trjemfelucs into tlje fea ano there mere o?oto< 
 nco. Ebis acte mas of all the Spaniards mucbbilukco ano berp til taken, fo tljat tljep rarieo the 
 Spaniard p?tfoner bnto Lisbon,iuljere being arriueo, the king of Spaine urilledhe ftjculD be fent 
 into England, tljat tlje Slucene of England might ofe ijim as the thought good t mbtclj fentence 
 rjisfrienDsbpintreatiegotto ber£uerfeB,notmitbftanBingbccommanOeobeujoulD toithout all 
 fauour be bcbeaDeD: btttbpon a gooo tfriDaptljeCaromall going to matfe, allthf captainesanD 
 Commanoers maoe fo great intre atp fo? lji:n,tljat in tlje enb tljep got bis paroon.^ljis 31 thcugljt 
 gooo to uotc,t!jat men might bnoerllano the blooop f oifljoncft mines of the Spaniards uiljen the? 
 Ijauc mtnbnocr tljcic fubuction, 
 
 Clje fame tiuo €ngliflj fljips tnljiclj folotoco tlje Spanifti aomirall till he hab got the jF'o?t of 
 Tcrcera.as 3 fa?o bef o?e,pttt into tlje fca,to;bere tljep met toith another Spamfh ujip being of the 
 fame .fleet, that bab Itketoifebencfcattreobp tlje fto?me ano luascnclpmitfing, fo?the reft lap 
 in tlje roao.^l)is fmall fttp tlje Cttgliujmen tooke.anb fent all tlje men on fl;o?e, not butting an j 
 of them : but if thephab kiLoUienmljat hab bene boncVinto the fo?tfapo Cngliflj tapttucs, 3! be* 
 leeut rljpp tooulsfoone ijauc reucngco thtmfclues , asaftcrtoaro manpan innocent foule paten 
 fojit.^ljisfljiptiiustakenbptljeCngliujmen, luas the fame that toastakenanb confifcateo in 
 tlje Jlavib uf Terccra bp the €ngliftjmen that got out of tlje 3!land in a fibjer boat(as 31 fait befo?e) 
 ano luaa folo bnto tlje Spaniards that as then came from tlje Indies.toberetoith tljep fapleb to §>♦ 
 Liicar.Mjere it toas alio arrefteobp the ouke.ano appointee to go in companp to fetch tlje Gluec 
 in Tercera.beeattfe it toas a fljip that faileb luell, but among tlje Spaniards fleet it teas the mea* 
 neftoftlje companp . 'Bptljis means it mas taken from tlje Spaniards ano tatieo into England, 
 ano the toners Ijab it againe mben thep lead thought of it, 
 
 'ftlje i9ofS0arcbtbeafo?efapD fljips being ipinnumber,fetfaile, tjauing labenihekings fil< 
 tier ; ano rcccitteo in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones.mith Ijis companp ano goob p?ouifion of nccef* 
 fartes,munition ano fouloiers ttjat mere fullp rcfoluco (as thep maoe ftjem) to figljt baliantlp to 
 tlje laft man bcfoie thep moulb peelb 0? lofe their riches : ano although thep fet their courfe fo? S>, 
 Lucar,the miho o?aue them nnto Lisbon,mhich (as it feenreo) mas milling bp his fo?re to bclpc 
 them, ano to b?ittgtljem thither in fafetie, although Aluaro de Flores, both agatntt the mttuj 
 anomeathermemlbperfo?ce hauefaileoto S>atntLucar, but being conftraineobp the mino ano 
 impo? timitic of the failcrs that p?otefteo thep moulo require tljetr loffes ano Damages of him, he 
 
 mag 
 
Spantjhjhips taken, Traffiques and Difcoueries. 18; 
 
 was content to failz to Lisbon : from Mjeuce the Bluer Bias bplanocntieD umo Siuil. at i£ apeS. 
 Vincent tljerc lap a jFIcet of 20 (gnglitb Ojips to toatcb fo? the 9rmaoa, fo ttjat if fljep ban put iu-- 
 to S.Lucar,tbcpljao fallerigbtintDtbeirljanD2,toljichtf thetmnD IjaDfcrueDtbep Ijao Done.SlnD 
 tbetefo?etbej»mapfaptl)attljetotni>bfltl)IenttbematiapppDoiage: fo? if tfje Cnglifijmen baD 
 met tutcrj tljem,tbep baD furelp bene in great Dangcr,anD pofTiblpbuc feto of tbem Ijatf e fcapeD, bp 
 rcaronoftbefearetol;ereu3itbtbepn.iercpou"eu"eD 3 becaufefo?tHneo? rather ©od teas lubolp a- 
 gaintt tbcm: taljtcb is a fufftciet cnufc to make tbe Spaniards out of ljeart,f to tbe contrarp to giuc 
 tbe € n5i1ti1tr.cn mo?c courage, ana to make tbcm bolter fo; tljat ttjep are l)itto?ious, tl out ano 
 Daliant: ano fectng all tbeir euterp?ifes Do take fe gooo effect,djat tljerebp tljep are become lo?D3 
 ano matters of tbe fea,ano neeo care fo? no man, as it toel appeared bp tljie bjiefenifcourfr, 
 
 Ctje 7 of 3ugufl 1 5 9 o. a nauie of €nglifij fijips toasfeen before Tercera, being 20 in num« 
 bcr.anD 5 of tbcm tlje Ctueenes fljips : tbetr ©enerall toias one Marcin Frobifher,as toe after bad 
 intelligence. Cljcp came purpofelp to toatcb fo? tbe Jfleet of tbe Spanifh Indies, ano fo? tlje In- 
 dian ttjtps, anD tbe Grips of the countreps intbe^ett: tobicbputtbeaianDersingreat fenre, 
 fpeciailptljofc of Fayal, fo?tbat tbe Cnglitbtnenferft a trumpet to tbe ©ouernour toafke cer= 
 tainetoine,fle(b,anootberDictualsfo?trjeirmonepairtgooDfrtenti(l)tp. tCljcp of Fayal Sib not 
 onclprefufctogiueearetmtotbem, uuttoitbalt^tkillcDtheirmeflcngcro? trumpeter; tabid) 
 tbcCiigli(l)mcntooheineuillpart,fenDingtbcmtoo?DtbattbeptoerebetttoIooketotbcmfelues! 
 
 anDttanot)poutbeirguarD,fo?tbcpmcnttocomeana\)ifitetbemiobetbertbeptDoulDo?noXbe 
 Ootiernour maoe tbcm anfaere, tbat ije wag tbere in tbe lebalfc of bis maieftic of Spaine, ano 
 rijat be tooulo doc bis beft to kcepe tbem ottt.as be toas bouno : but notbing teas Done, although 
 tbep of Fayal toerr tn no litle feare, fenoing to Tcrcera fo? aioe, from toljence trjep baD certaine 
 barkes toiclj pouoerano munition fo? toarre,tottb fome bifket ano other neceflarp p?ouifion, 
 
 ■Eljc 3oof Qugufttoe rcceiucD nerp certaine netoes out of Portugal, tbat tbere tocre 80 (hips 
 put out of tbeGroine Iaoentoitbtoctuals,munition,monep anD foulDtours, to goe fo? Bricaine to 
 sine tljeCatljoIiqucs anD Leaguers of France againflthe king of Nauarre, 3t tbe fame time ttoo 
 Netherlandbulke0commingoutofPortugallto Tercera being balfe tbe <£§>easouer, met toitfj 
 4 of tbe SQueenes fljips.tljetr (Senerall being flr lohn Hawkins,tbat ffaieo tbem, but let tbem go 
 againctoitbo tit Doing tljemanpbarme. ^be Netherlanders repo?teD,tbateacb of tbeSiueenejs 
 fljips baD 80 pieces of ©?Dinnnce,ano tbat captaine Drake lap totrfj 40 fljips in tbe ^ttglid; clja* 
 nelltiiatcbingfo? tbe atmie of tbeGroine: ano Iiketolfe that tberelap at the CapeS, Vincent 
 ten otber'<£ngIifl) fljips.tbat if anp fljips efcapeD from tbe jlanos.tbep mtgbt take tbem. 'Cljefe 
 tiDings put tlje 3Ianoers in great feare,lea(i if thep faileD of tbe Spanifh flecte anD got notbing bp 
 tbem, that tbentbcptooulo fall upon tbe3llanss,becaufe tljep tooulo not retttmc emptie borne, 
 toljerc upon tbep fcelo ff reit toatcb, fenDing aottifctmto tbe king tobat netoes t\)cv fjcarn, 
 
 ©befiraofs^cptembertbfrecamctotbeaianDof^.MichaelaPortugallfljipoutoftbeba 1 
 tten of Phemambuckin BraiiIe,tobicbb?oughtnetoesthat tbe Somirallof tbe Ponugali jFIcet 
 tbat came from India,bauing miffeD tbe jlano of S>.Helena, toas of ncccflttie conflraineD to put 
 into Phernambuck, although the king bao erp?eflp nnoer a great penaltie fo?biCDen b:m foto 
 doc, becaufeoftbelno?mes tbat tbere Doe fpoile tbe ttjipss, djefamefljippe tobereinBernardiii 
 Ribero toas aomiralltbe peere befo?e 1 j 89. faileD out of Lisbon into tlje Indies, toitb y fljips 
 in ber companp,iobereof but4 got into India, tbe 5 vjoasneuer beam of, fo tbat it teas tbotigbt to- 
 be cafl atoap : tlje otber fourc rctttrneD fafc agatne into Portugall,tbougb tlje 9omira! u)>ib muclj 
 ^joileD,becaufe be met toitlj tlno <£nglifij Ojipg tljat fougbt long toitb Ijim, ano fltio manp of Ijis 
 inen,but pet be efcapeD from tbem. 
 
 ■Crje y of tbe fame mottetb tbere arriueD in Tercera a carauel of tlje JlanD of Coruo, 9 b?ougbt 
 l»itb Ijer yo mentbatbaD bin fpoileo bp tlje €ngli(bmen tobo baD fet tbcm on ft>o?c in tbe 3UanD 
 ofCoruo,beingtakenoutofaftjiptbatcamefromtbeSpanifh Indies, tbep b?otigljt tiDings tljat 
 tbe Cngliujmen baD taken 4 mo?e of tlje Indian ujtps,n: a carauel tutcf? tlje king of Sp3»nes letters 
 of aouife fo? tlje ttjips commingout of tbe Portugal Indies, f tbat toitlj tbofeiubicb tbep bao take, 
 tljep toere at tbeleaC^o Cnglifn fljips togetbcr,fo j} not one bark efcapeo tbcm, but feltnto tbeir 
 ljanDs,(ftbattbcrefo?e tbe Portugall ftjips comming out of India Durtt not put into tbe Jlanos, 
 but tooke tbeir cottrfc unDcr 40 $42 Degrees, anD fro tbence fafleD to Lisbon, ujimnttig itketoife 
 tbe cape S.Vincent.otbetlrife tbep cottlDnot baue baDap?ofperous iournepofit, fo?tbat astfjen 
 tbefea tnas fulof Cngliftj Qjips.aBljcreupon tbe kingacuifeD tbe fleetlping in Hauana injj Spa- 
 nifh Indies reaop to come fo? Spaine.tbat tbep ftjoulD flap tbere all tbat pcerc till tbe uert peere, 
 becaufe of tbe great Danger tljep migbt fal into bp $» Cngliujmen,toljtcb toasno fmal cbarge,?bin= 
 Derance to tbe 9eet,fo? tljat tbe fljips tbat lie tbere do confume tbemfelucs, anD in a maner rat np 
 one anotljerjbp reafon of the great nuber of people,togetbcr toitlj eye fcarcitie of al tyings.fo tbat 
 
 Qjiq a manv 
 
I 
 
 84. The Englilli Voyages,Nauigations, Spamjhjhips taken. 
 
 manp Hups cbofc rather one bpone to abuenture tbcfelttcs alone to get borne, then to flap there : 
 
 <sttM ftanoth all tolnci) fell two clje Cnglifbmens banbs, toberof ouiers of tbe men toere b?ougbt into Tercera, 
 
 efspaniaid.. fo^ cljac a Do^ole Qap toe coulo feenot^inp; el^ but TpoileD men Tec on fl)o;e, fomeoutofone (hip, 
 
 t fonieoutof anotlji'tjtljnt jiittc it uiastofeenll of tljcnuurfing tlieCngliajmcn ? their ou.nc fo?« 
 
 tunes,tottb tbofe tljat bab bene tbecaufes to p?ouoke tbe€ngli(rjmen to fight, ano complaining 
 
 of tbefmailremebieano o?ber taken therein bp the king of Spaines officers, 
 
 ■Stlie 1 9 of the fame monctb there tame to Terccra a Carauel of Lisbon,toitb one of the kings 
 officers,to caufc tbe goooe that toere faueo out of tbe irjiu tobicb came from Malacca(fo? f> tobitb 
 toe ttaieb tbere)to be laoen ano Cent to Lisbon, a no at tbe fame time there put out of tbe Groinc 
 one Don Alonfo de Bac, an, toitb40 great Qjtps of toarre to tome bnto tlje llanos, tfaere to toatth 
 fo? tbe fleet of the Spanifh 9 Portugall Indies.anb the goobs of tbe Malacca ftjiu being laben.tljep 
 lucre to conuop tbe all together into the riuer of Lisbon : but being ccrtaine bates at fca.aitoaies 
 bauing acontrarp tatntJ,tfjcp coulo not get onto tbe 3iIanos,onelp ttoo of them that toere fcattreo 
 from the flect,arriuco at Tercera,ano not finoing the fleet,tbcp pjefentlp returneo to fecke thtmt 
 ' in the meane time the king cbangtb his mirror caufc the fleet to flap in India, as 31 fatb before : 
 ano tberefo?e hee fent too?ce unto Don Alonfo de Baflan, that bee (houlb rcturne againe to the 
 Groine.tobkb hep?efentlpbio(toitbout Doing anp tbing,no?onceapp?ocbing neerthe 3!lanbs,fa* 
 uing onelp the two fo?cfapb fljips,foj be toell kneto that tbe Cngltfljmen lap bptbe 3lano of.Cor- 
 uo,but Ije tooulo not toftt them : ano fo be returned to the bauen the Groine, toberebp our gooos 
 that came from Malacca toere pet to fi)tp,anDtruflebbp againe, ano fo?ceb toflapamo?e fouu* 
 nate time toith patience petfo?ce, 
 
 %\yz 2 % of ©ccobct there arriuce in Tercera a Carauel toith abuife out of Portugall, that of 5 
 flnpstobicbintbepere 1590 toere labenin Lisbon fo? tbe Indies, 4 oftbem toere turneb againe 
 to Porcin.after tljep bab bene 4 monetijs ab?oao,$ that the aomirall, tobcreiu the Cticerop calico 
 Mathias d'Albukerk faileb, bao oneip gotten to India.as aftcrtoaro nctoes tljcrcof toac bjougbt 
 ouer-lanb,hauing bin at the lead 1 1 monetbs at f ea ij neuer fato lanb,ano came tn great miferp to 
 Malacc3.3!nthis fluptlnrccieo bp the toap 28omcn,acco?bingtoanote bphimfelfemabe, ano 
 fent to the Caroinal at Lisbon.toitb the named 9 furnames of euerpman.togetbcr toitba Pefccip* 
 tion of bis tooiagegetbe miferp tbepbab en&ureo,tobicb toas onelp Done,becaufe he tooulo not lofc 
 tbegouernmentofIndia:anbfouhatcaufehchat)fU)o;ne cither to lofehislife, o?to arriuc in 
 Indians in oeeD he bib aftettoaros.bttt to the great banger, Ioffe anb hinoerance of (nS compauie, 
 that toe re fo ?ceb to bup it toitb their liueg,t onelp f 0? toant of p ?ouifion,ag it map toel be thought: 
 fo? he kneto full well that if he ban returneD backe agatne into Portugal as the other ftjips did, he 
 tooulo haue bin caflierebftom his Indian regiment,becaufe the people began alrcapp to murmure 
 at him fo? his p?ouo i loftp minb.ann amog other things that (beiueb his p»oe the moje ,behino 
 aboue the gallerp of his (hip ,he caufebJToiitune to be pamteb,? bis otom picture lob a flafte trancing 
 Dp her.as it tocre th^eatning ^ojtune.toitb thispofie.Quero que vencas,that is,3l toil haue thee 
 to oucrcomettohich being reau bp the Carbinal $ other gentlemen(tbat to bono? dim brought bint 
 aboo?o his (hip) it toas thoughtto be apoint of erceebingfollp : but it is no Krange matter among 
 the Portugals : fa} the? aboue all others muflof fo^ce let the foole peepe out of their fleeues, fpe* 
 ciallp tohen tbep are in authontie.fo? tljat 31 kueto the faio Mathias d'Albukerk in India, being 
 a fouloier anb a captaine,toherc he toas efteemetj ano account en fo? one of the belt of tbcm,gur.uclj 
 honottreo,anb beloueb of all men,as be haumg himfclfc curteoufip to euerp man, toherebp cbrp aU 
 Deftreo that he might be Ilicerop.lBut tohen he once hab receiucb his patent tottlj full potoer 9 au* 
 tho?itic from the king to be 4ticerop,be cljangeo fo much from W fo?mer bthauioj,tbat bp reafon 
 of his p?ine,thep all began to feare anb curfe bim, anb that before bee oeparteb out of Lisbon, as 
 it ts often feene tn manp men that are aouancco tmto Sate anb bignitie, 
 
 "5Lhe2oof 3!anuarie 1 5 9 1, there toas netoeg brought out of Portugall into Tercera.that the 
 Cngltthmen tjao take a (btp that tlje king hab fent into the Porcugal-Indies,ii> aonife to the aiice* 
 rop fo? the returning againe of the 4 (hips that ujoulo haue gone 1 In d ia, ft becaufe the (hips tocte 
 come backe againe,tljat fljip toas fluff eo anb labeb as full of gooos as ptrffible it might be, hauing 
 Itkctoife in reaop monep 500 tboufano buckets in roials of 8, btfloes other toares. 3(t bepartco 
 from Lisbon in tbe monethof jQouember 1 590,^ met tottfrtbe €ngliujmen,toith toho fo? a time 
 it fought, but in tbe eno it toas taken ano carieb into England toith men $ alLpet tohen tbep came 
 tberejtbe men toere fet at libertie,anb returneo into Lisbon, tobere the captaine toas committeo 
 p?ifoner; but he ercufeo bimfelfc anb toas releafen, toith tofcom 3 fpake mpfelfe, 9 he maoethta 
 repo?t onto me.9 1 the fame time alfo thep tooke a ujip that came from the ^ine Iao5 toith goto,* 
 a fijips labcnintth pepper gtfpices that toere to faile into Icaly,tbe pepper onelp that toas in them, 
 being too? th 1 70 tljoufano ouckets:alltbefe u)ips toere enrieo into England,? mane goob pzifc 
 
Sir %ick. Greenuil. TrafFiques, and Difcoueries. 185 
 
 31utljemonctbof3IuIp 1 59 1, tljcre Ijapnco an cartljquake in tljeiilano of S. Michael, totjicb 
 continuto fro the 26 of 3luIp,to tlje 12 of 9ttgufi,in toljicb tunc no man ourfl Cap toitljtn bis Ijoufe 
 but fleo into the fici08,faCing $p?aptng toitfr great fo?oto, fo? tljat manp of their Ijoufes felDoton, 
 ano a totone calleD Villa Fianca,toasalmctt cleane ra?eb to the gtouno, all the cloittcrs n-ijoufes 
 ffcaken to tlje cart fj,ano tljcrcin feme people flattie. ^the lano in fonie places rofe bp,anb tlje cliffs 
 remootteo from one plate to another,ani> Tome htls lucre oefacco ant) mabe etien toitlj tlje grounb, 
 C he eartl-quake toasfo Grong,tljat tlje fljt'ps toljiclj lap in the roan anb on tlje fea,fljakeD as if the 
 too ?ln toculB hauc t urneb rounb : there fp?ang alfo a fountaine out of the earth, from tobence fa? 
 the fpace of 4 baics,tljcre flotoeb a mc.fi deare toatcr s $ after that it ceafeo , 3t tlje fame time tljep 
 Ijearo fuel) tljunber $• noife bnocr tlje cart Ij ,as if all tlje Dcuils in hell IjaD bin aflemblcb togetljcr in 
 that place,tohcretoitlj matip otco fo? feare.dje 31lano of Terccra ujooke4 times togetljer,fo tljat 
 it fecmeo to turne about, but there Ijapnco no miffo?twte bntb it, earthquakes are common itt 
 thofe 3llanos,fc? about 20 peres pafi tljcre Ijapncb another eartljquake,toberein a Ijtglj Ijill tljat Ii= 
 etbbp the fame toume of Villa Franca,fcllbalfeDctone, fjcouereoall tbe totone toitb catch, atuj 
 feilleb manp men, Che 25 of augtifltlje Sings Armada camming out of Ferol arriueo inTerce- 
 ra being in all 3 o Qjtps,Biskaines,Portugals anb Spaniards,anb 1 o Dutcljflteboats that toere ar* 
 refieb in Lisbon to fcrue the ktng.befibes otber (mail firips tpataros, tljat came to ferue as mef= 
 fengcrs from place to place,anb to bifcottcr tlje feas, Cbis nauie came to Cap fo?,ano conuop the 
 fljips tljat fljoula come from tlje Spanifh Indies,am> tlje flieboats mere appointed in tljeir returne 
 ijome,to take in tlje gooos (hat lucre faucb in tlje loC (hip that came from Malacca, ano to conuop 
 them to Lisbon. 
 
 Che 1 j of September tlje faio9rmaDaarriueb at tbe 3flanb of Coruo, toljeretbe Cnglifij* 
 men toitb about 1 6 Qjips as tljcn lap,flaping fo? the S>paniuj fleet,toljcreof fome 0? tlje mofl part 
 toere conic ,an 5 tljerc tlje €nglilh toere in gocb hope to Ijaue taken them, 13 tu tolje tljep pcrccittcD 
 the kings armp to be fltong,tbe admiral being the lo?o Thomas Howard,commanbeb bis jfleee 
 nottoftiibpontljem.no^anpoftbemoncetoieparatctbeirujipsfromljim, bnlefiebc gatte com* 
 miffion fa to do : nottoitljflanbing tbcbiceaomicall fir Richard Greenuil being in tlje fljip calico 
 tbe Rcucnge.vnent into tlje S panifh flcet.anb lljot among tljcm Doing tljem great burt.fr tbinking 
 tlje reCof tbe company tooulo hauc folotoeb,toljicb tljep did not,but left ijint tljere,? failco atoap: 
 tbe caufe tuljp coulD not be fenotoe.5Bhicb tlje Spaniards perceiuing,toiclj 7 0? 8 fijtps tljep boo?* 
 ncDl)cr ; but!ljc toaijSooa tljemalLfigbtingtoicljtljemattbeleafi 12 Ijottres togetljcr anb funke 
 ttoo of tbem, one betng a neto Double jFlieboat of 600 tunnes, ano SDmiral of tbe 5F lieboats, tbe 
 otbera Bifcain : but in tlje enD bp reafon of tlje number tljat came bponljcr.flje toas taken, but to 
 tbeir gteat loffe : fo? tljep !jab lofl in figljtinganb bp D?otoning aboue 400 meit^nD of tlje Cngitflj 
 toere flame abcut 1 oo,%it Richard Greenuil Ijimfclfc being uiounDeDtn bis bjamc, toljerrof af» 
 tertoarDBljeDieo, i^ctoascarieDinto tlje u)ipcalleDS> .Paul, toljercintoastlje9Dmtrall of tlje 
 fleet Don Alonfo de Ba^an: tljere IjtS toOlttlDS toere D jefi bp tbe Spanifli furgeonSi but Don A- 
 lonfo bimfelfe tooulo neitber fee bint no? tpeake toitb Ijtm : all tlje refl of tbe captaines ano gen« 
 tltrneu toettt to bifite ljim,anb to comfojt Ijtm in Ijts Ijato fortune, tooncering at Ijis courage ana 
 Cout Ijeart/o; j} be fljetoeD not anp figne of f atntnes no? charter ins of colour ; but feeling tbe boure 
 of oeatlj to appjoch.be fpake tbcfe too?os in Spanifh,anD fatoiUpere Die 31 Richard Greenuil toitfj 
 a topful $ quiet mmo ,fo? tljat 31 bauc enocD mp life as a true foulcicr ougbt to do, tbat Ijatb fo ttgb t 
 f oi ijts countrcp,Clttceiic,rcIigion anb bono?,toljerebp mp foule moC topfull ucpartettj out of tljia 
 boop,? fljal almapes leaue bebino it an cuetlaCttigfame of a baliant 9 true fotiloier tljat Ijatlj Done 
 i)ts Dtttie as he teas botuiD to Doe. CClhcn Ijc Ijan fitiiujeo tljefe 0; fttclj otljtr like toe jca,ljc gaue bp 
 tlje (SboC.tottlj threat $ Cout coutage# no man coulD perceitte anp true figne of beauines in bim. 
 Cbis fir Rkh.Greenuil toas a great ano a ricb gentleman in England,? ban great peerelp re* 
 tienues of ins otone inljeritance,but be toas a man berp bnqutct in Ijis mittD, ana greatlp arTecteo 
 to bur ; infomttcb as of ljtsotonejj?tuate motion (jeorTcec bis feruice to tbe ITluccnc: Ije IjaD ycr= 
 fomtcD manpbaliant acts, anb toas greatlp feareo in tljefe J;lanDs,anD knotoen of cucrp man,buc 
 of nature berp fcuere,fo tbat bis otone people bateo bim fo? Ijis fierceneffe, f fpakc berp barolp of 
 bim : fo? toljen tbep firC entreo into tbe fleet 0? flrmaba, tljep IjaD tljeir great faile in a reaoine fle, 
 anb migbt pofliblp enough Ijaue failcb atoap, fo? it bias one of tljcbefl fijips fo?faile in England, 
 anb tbe matter pcrcciuing that tlje other qjtps Ijao left tljem,f folotoeo not after, commanDeb tbe 
 great faile to be cut tbat tljep migbt make atoap:but fir Rich.Greenuil tlj?eatneD botb biro 9 al tlje 
 refl tbattoere in tbe ftjip,p if anp malaio Ijanb upon it.be tooulo caufe bim to be Ijangeo, ano fo bp 
 tbat occafion tljep toere compelleD to figbt I in tbe eno toere taken Jpe toas of fo barb a coplerionj; 
 tbat as be continuen among tbe Spanifh captains toljile tbep toere at btnner 0? fupper toitb bim, 
 t)etooulbcnroufe3 o?4glaffe^oftoine, ano in a b?auerie take tlje glaffas betuwne W ^"& 
 
i%6 The Engliih Voyages,Nauigations, Sir %kk.Greenuih 
 
 anD ccflfo tl)cm in pieces $ ftoaloto tbcm Dotone, fo that oftentimes the blooo ran out of bis moutf) 
 tottbout anpbarmc at all onto hinuf this toas tolo me fapDiucrscrcOtblcjjGtfonss that manp times 
 fiooo annbeljclbljim* 'She €nglifljmcn that toere Icftintljeujip,astbe captaine cf the fouloiers, 
 the matter ano otljcrS toere o:fpcrfco into Diuers cf the g>panifl) ibips tljat bao taken thtm,tohere 
 there hao almottaneto figbc arifen bettoecn the Bifcains ano the Pormgals : tobilc each of trjem 
 tootUa [jattc tljc honour to baue fttfl bootee ljcr,fo that there greto a great noife ano quarel among 
 tfoemsonj taking tlje chief e enu'gne,ano the other the flag, ano the captaine ano eucrp one Ijelo big 
 otone.&he fljfps tljat bao boojoeD her toere altogether out of ojoer.anobjoken, ana many of their 
 men hurt .tobctebp tljep toere compel'eo to come into the Jflano cf Terc «a, there to repaire the"* 
 fclttee:toljere being arrttteo,3l ano mpcbambcr-feIoto,to Ijcare fome netocs,tocnt aboo?o one of 
 the fijips beinga great Bifcain, ano one of tlje 1 2 QjioGleSjttiljofe raptatne toas rallet Bartando- 
 no,tbat hao bin ©cneral of tlje Bifcains tn tlje fleet thst toent fo? England, $e feeing bs calleo bs 
 Dp into tljc gallerp,tohere toitb gteat curtcfie be rcceiuco bs,being as then fet at Dinner toitlj tlje 
 Cngliujcaptainetbacfatebpbitn.antiljaoonafuteofblacfeeoeluet, but Ijecoulo not tell bsanp 
 .thing, fo? that he coulDfpcake no other language but dEnglifb ano latinc, tohjch Bartandono 
 alfo coulo a Utle fpeake, 'She €nglifb captaine got licence of tlje gouernour tljat he might come 
 on lano toitlj his toeapon bp his fiae,ana toas in our loaging toith tlje ^nglifbrnan that toas kept 
 pnfoncr in tlje 3ilano,bcing of that ftjip tol;ereof the failers got aii)ap,as 3 fain befojCCbe gouer- 
 nour of Tcrcera baoe him to Dinner ,ana fljetoeo him great curtefie, %\)t matter libetoife toith \i- 
 cence of Bartandono cameon lano ano toas in our longing, ano hao at tlje lead 100? i2toounos, 
 as toell in bis Ijeao as on his boop, toljcreof after tljat being at fea bettoeen Lisbon 5 tlje 33lanDS 
 be oieo.'&be captaine to?ore a lettcr,tohercin he oeclarco all tljemancr of tlje figljt,ano left it toitlj 
 the Cnglifb marcljant tljat lap in our looging, to feno it to tlje Io?o Somiral of England . 'SE.bis 
 (giigliflj captaine cemming bnto Lisbon.toas there tocl receiueo ano not anp hurt Done unto him, 
 but toith gooo conttop fene to SctuuaI,anD from thence faileo into England toitlj all the nil of the 
 Cngliujinen tljat toerc taken p?ifoncrs. 
 
 "She gjpaniQj armie ttaieo at the 3lanoof Coruo til thelaflof g>eptembcr,to aflemblethe reft 
 of tlje fleet togctljcr,toijicb in tlje cnoe toere to tlje number of 1 40 fatles of fijips partlp comming 
 from India,ano partlp of tlje armp,anD being altogether reaop to faile to Tercera in gooo compa* 
 np,tbere fuooculp rofe fo haro $ cruell a tto?mc,tbat tljofe of the 3ilanos tin affirme, tljat in mans 
 tnemo?ie there toas netter anp fuch fecn b? Ijcaro off before: fo? it fcemeo the fea tooulD Ijaue ftoa* 
 lotoco op the 3ilanos,tlje toatcr mounting higher then tlje cliffs,to!jich are fo high tljat it amafetb 
 a manto beljolo them : but the fea rcacljeo nbctte tljcm, ano liutng nfijes toere th?ctoen opon the 
 law.Ebis Sonne continueo notonlpaoapojttoo toitlj one toiuo,but 7 0? 8 oapes contimtallp,tbe 
 toina turning rouno about in alplaccsof the compaffe,at the Iettttotfco?tb?ifeDuringtbat time, 
 ano all auke..toith a continuall tto?me ano tempett mott terrible to befcolo 3 cuen to Ds that toere on 
 fl)o?e,m;iclj mo?c tijen to fuclj as toere at fea; fo tljat onelp on the coafls ano cliffcs of t^e 3llano of 
 Terccra.tljere toere abotte 1 2 (hips catt atoap,ano not onelp bpon the one Roe, but rouno about tc 
 in ettcrp cojncr,toherbp nothing els toas bcaro but complaining^rping.lamenttng $ telling,ljtre 
 tsafljip bjoken in pieces ngaintt the cliffcs, ano tljere another, ano all the menojotonco t fo tljat 
 fo? tlje fpace of 20 oapes after the Conne.tljcpoiD nothing els but fiujfo?oeao men that continu* 
 m K*" e' of alI P came D ?i uw S on ^ £ ftW' ^»"0»S tfee rett toas tlje Cngliuj ujip calico the Reuenge,tbat toas 
 eutDge. ^ a ^ ^^ n a e ^ nfjw (o ^ jianjof xercera,toljere it b?afee in an bunojeo pieces 9 funke 
 to the grounD,ljauing in her 70 men Galegos, Bifcains,ano others,toith fbme of tlje.captiue Cn» 
 gUujmen,toljereof buc one toas f aueo that got op opon the cliffes aliue,ano hao his boop ano bean 
 all toottnoeo.ano he being on fljoje brought OS tlje netoes ocfiring to be uj?iuen, $ thereupon pre 
 fcntlp DieD.€.lje Reuengc Ijao in her Diuers faire bjatfepieces that toere all funfce in j) fea, tohicfj 
 tljep of tlje Jlano toerein gooo hope to toaigb Up againe the nert *§>ommcr after , among tbefe 
 fijips that toere catt atoap about Tercera,toas liketoife a .ff lie-boat, one of thofe that hao bin arte* 
 Ceo in Portugall to fcruet^ebtng,calleD the toljitcDoue, tlje matter of her toas one Cornelius 
 Martenfon of Schiedam in Holland,aDD there toere in her ioofouloiers, asin euerponcofthe 
 rett tljere toere, ^>e being otter-rulco bp the captaine tljat he coulo not be matter of his otone,fap« 
 It'ngljere ano thereat themercpof<Soo,asthetto?meo?ouehim, in tlje cno came toithin the fight 
 of tlje 3llano of Tcrcera,toljichthc Spaniards perceiuing thought all tljeir fafetieoneip tocontttt 
 inputtingintotljeroao, compelling the Scatter ano tlje l^ilot to mabetotoaros tlje 3!lano, al= 
 though the matter refufeD to ooe it, faping.tljat tljep toere mott fure there to be catt atoap ano W 
 tcrip fpopleo:but the captaine calico bim o?unkaro ano lperetique,ano ttriking him toitb a ttaffe, 
 commattnoeo him to ooe as hee tooulD Ijaue him , %ty spatter feeing this ano being com* 
 jucllco to Doe it, fapo : toell then mp Scatters, feeing it is tlje oeOrc of pou all to bee catt atoap, 
 
Spamfhjhipypracfy. Traffiques., and Difcoueries. 187 
 
 31 can but lofe om' lifc.ano tijccetoitb oefperatelp Ije faileo touiaros tbe ujo?e,anE toas on chat fiae 
 of the Jlana.toljcrc there Vttas nothing els uu: Ijara Sones ana rocks,as bigb as mountaincs,moll 
 terrible to UeIjoidc , toijerc fomc of t be inhabitants ttooo toitlj long ropes ana cojkc bouua at the 
 ena thereof, to tljjoto them Baton: bnto tljcmcn , tljat tljep might lap Ijolae bpon tljem, ana faue 
 tljcir lines : but fetooftbemgotfonecre, mottofthem being; cad atoap, ano (mitten in pieces 
 befoje tljep coula get to tljc toall. ^Ij6 fijip failing in tbismaiier (as 3! fapo before) totoarfls the 
 31{anD , anBapp?o~cljingtotljefijo?e, tlje mailer being an oleic man, aiiBfttllofpccrcs, calico his 
 fonnc that toas m tlje fljip toitlj Ijtiti , ana bailing imb?arca one anotljer , ana taken their laff fare* 
 tocll, the gcoa oioe father totllea lp fonnc not to take care foj Ijim, but fecke to faue Ijimfclfe ; fo } 
 (fapo ije) fonnc cljott art pong^mapcaijaucfomc Ijope to faue thp Iifc,but as fo? me it is no greac 
 matter (31 amolac) tobat become of mc,ana tljeretoithecboftljcfcajcocing manptearcs, as cue* 
 rploumg father ana kmaccljiloc map tocllcoiurccr^ 
 
 ccs,tlje fatljer on the one ftoc.cljc tonne on tlje otljer floe falling into tljc fen, cch laping Ijolae bpon 
 tljat tobtclj came nert to hano, but tonopurpofe; foj tljc fca toas fo high ana furious, thattljep 
 toere all ajotonea, ana enelp fouretccne o? fiftcene fauea tljemfelues bp f dimming , toitlj their 
 legs ana armes halfcbjokcnanaoutoriopnumong iMtjicrj toas tbc S©aCcrs fbntte, anofoure o* 
 thcr Dutch bopc3 : tljc reff of tljc Spaniaros ana Sailers, toitlj tljc <£aptainc ana Staffer, toere 
 Bzotonca. (EOljofc (jcart tuoulo notmclc toitlj teares toijcljoloc fogricuousafiglj^fpcctallp con* 
 fiacriugbJitbljimfelfetOattijegreaccttcatifetljereoftoasthebcaBl'.nesanoinfolencpoftlje^pa' 
 niaros, as in this onelp eramplcmap toellbe fcene': MJljcrcbp map be ccnfiDereahoto tljc otljec 
 fht'ppes fpeo, as toe cut femes Bio in part beljofae, ana bp themen tljat lucre faueaeialjcarc moje 
 at large, as alfofome otljersof ourcouutrepmen that as then toere in the like Banger can toell 
 toitnefle. 
 
 SDn tlje otljer 3Ilanos tbcloffe toas no lefTe tljen in Terccra: fo? on tljc 3ilana of Saint George 
 tljere toerc ttoofljips call atnap: on tljc JIana of Picotlcofijips: on the3ilanoofGratiofath?ee 
 fljips : ana helloes tljofe there came cucrp toljerc rouna about aiuers pieces of broken fljips, ana 
 otter tljings fleeting tctoaras the 3IIanas, toljeretoitlj tlje fea toas all coucrca met! pitifuil to be* 
 holce. On the 3Ilana of S. Michael there tocre fottre (hips catt atoap, ana bcttoccne Terceta ana 
 S.Michael tljjeemo?etoe;efunke,tobicbtocrefecneano[jearD to crpout; toberiofnotoneman 
 toas fauca. ©Ije reft put into the fca toithout matts,aH tome ana rent r To tljat of tbe toljolc fleet W' BV "J 00 
 ana atmaaa,bclng 140 ibips in all,tl;erc tocrc but 3 2 01 3 3 arriueo in Spaine ana Portugall.pca, flom'sao 1 * 
 ana tljofe fcto toiilj fo great miferp , paine ana labour , tljat not ttoo of them arrittca tberc togc* *'p b w^" 
 tber,but'tljtcaapone, ana to mojroto anotljer, nert oaptljetbtra, ana fo one after the other to tlje "' ' 
 number afo?efapo. ail tljc rctt tocrc caftattap bpon the 3lanas, ana ouertobelmca in tlje &ca, 
 toberebp map be conflacrca toljat great loffe ana Ijinajance thep receiucD at that time : fo ? bp ma* 
 np mens tuagf ments it toas eff eemea to be mucij mo?c then toas loit bp their armp that came foj 
 England ; ana it map toell be tljought, ana pjefumea, tljat it toas no otljer but a itttt plague put* 
 pofelp fent b)) ©oa bpon tlje g>paniarBgi , ana tbat it might truelp be fapa , tlje taking of the Re- 
 ucnge toas ittHIp rcucngeo bpon them, ana not bp tlje might 0? fo?ce of man, but bp the potocr of 
 ©oD,as fame of them opentpfapa in t!je31le of Tcrcera,tljat tjjep belecuco berilp (Sob tooulacon-- 
 fiime tljcm^ana tljat lj e tbefec^ere totthtbe Lutherans analje t etiks *. taping further that fo (bone 
 aBtljepljaBthjotoentljeacaBboDpofthe^iceaamirallSirRichardGreenfieldouer-boojBjtbejji 
 berilp tljotigbt tljat as be baa a^iuclliuj faitb ana religion, ana tljercfo je tlje aiuels louea bim, fo 
 ^e p^efentlpfuttkc into tlje bottomc of tfje fca, ana Botone into Ijell, toljere be raifea bp all tlje ai-- 
 '«cl3totye_reuengeof!)isacatb : ana tljat tljep bjougljt fo great Co?mesana torments bpon tbe 
 ^paiiiarb?, becauft tljcp rinclp maintainea tlje Catljolike §e Komiflj religion* feuclj ana the like 
 blafyljcmics againi ©ob', tljcp rcafcB trot openlp to bttcr, toitbout being rep?ooueB of anp man 
 tljercin , no?fo?tljjirfalfeopitiions : but tlje mott part oftljcm rather fapa ana affttmea, tljacof 
 trutihitmuttneeasbefo, 
 
 3s one of tbofe3i»bian fleets put out of IsJouaSpagnaitljere tocre 35 cftljcm bp flomieana 
 tempcB call atoap ana pjqtotup in tlje Sea, being 50 in all; fo tbat but 1 5 efcapea. ©f tljeflece 
 tljat came from Santo D"b ; rfiingo tbece toere 14 calf auwp , comming out of tlje cbanell of Ha- 
 uana.to'jercof tIjeaBmi.raUanB51iceaamiraU,toerettopoftbem j ana from Terra Firmafn In- 
 dia tbere taniettoo (Ijips laBerniBitlj golanma1iluer,tha : t4jt)crctakenbp tljc Cngliujmen:anB be* 
 fo?e tbe Spanilh armp came to Coruo, tbe € ngflujm.cn at times baa taken attije leall 20 fljips, 
 that camef cblttS,Domhlgo^naia,Braflii3,&c. , ana tocre anient into England. 
 
 Jijoommoia fo 
 
 ■ ' ■ ■ ' ■ 
 
 ItmibntP b ■ 
 
1 8 8 The EngliLh Voyages,Nauigations, Theflate of Arguin. 
 
 CommoWtica 
 
 fit foj Arguin. 
 
 H9rt>gesof 
 golbcgincitfoj 
 luiall trifles. 
 
 Scarlet $ fine 
 purple tlotft 
 grcattgaccejw 
 no. 
 
 a goot> Bacbo} 
 bcftucttjstfa* 
 (lie of Arguin. 
 
 tfoncctnfng 
 ttJis ItingDOHie 
 rcade Leo Afri- 
 unusR little nf' 
 tti t|)c begin- 
 tlliiqof 1jib6 
 fcoorie. 
 
 •3TI1E names of 
 
 tjjechufrpltl- 
 
 cesoftcaffifte 
 
 l.'tDJCmc Sene- 
 ga $ Gambia. 
 
 A relation fent by Melcbior Vetoney to Nigilde Moura at £»£<>« , from 
 the IlandandCadleof Arguin , (landing a littletothc Southward of Cape 
 "Bianco, in the Northerly latitude of'ip degrees,concerning the rich and lecret trade from 
 the inland of ^Africa thither : <iAnrio ifgi. 
 
 % concerning the traoe to this Cattle ana Slanb of Arguin,pour toojfijip is to \inr- 
 oerttano, that it it tooulo pleafe ttjc kings maiettp to i'cud hither ttoo o j thjec ea* 
 rauels once in apeere toith jflanDcrs ano &panitt) commooities , as 13jacelets of 
 glatfe, JStitues, TMles^Linnen-clotb, Lookuig-glatres,toitlj otrjec femes of (mall 
 toareg, bis ^tsljnefCe mightoo great gooo here, jfo? soieaguesbpimothelaiuj 
 the 9j)oo£cs haue man? ercceomg rich goloe mines ; infomuch that thep lijintj ootone tljcir goloe 
 to t bis Cattle to traffique luitljus : ana foja fmall trifle tljcp toill giue bs a great toeoge of goto. 
 9no becattfe here is no traoe, ti^e fapn 9poo jes carp their goloe to Fez being 250 leagues oiflant 
 from hence s ano there ooeerchange thefame foj the fojefapo kinoes of commooities. 35pthis 
 meaner alfo his maiettp might Hop tljat palTage , ana keepe the king of Fez from fo huge a matte 
 of goloe, Scarlet-clothes, ano fine purples ate greatlp acccptee of in thefeparts, 3t isa molt 
 fertile countrep toithin tlje lano, ano peeloeth great Ccjc offbeat, fJeuj of an kinoes, ano abun* 
 nance of fruits, Sherefoje,ifittocrepotTibIe, poufljottloootoentooealetoithtjis maiettp, tv 
 ther himfelfe to feno a couple of carauels,o j to giue pour toojttjip ieatte to traffique here : fo? Ijere 
 is a berp gooo harbour tohere {hips map rioe at ancre haro bp t|e Cattle, 'She countrep toljere 
 allthegoloe-mines areiscalleo She kingeome ofDarha. 3|n this kingoome are great floje of 
 cities anD totones ; ano in cuerp citp ano totone a Captaine toith certaine fouloiers ; tohich Cap* 
 taincs arc lo jos ano owners of the fapo totones. ©ne citp there is calleo Couton, another Xani- 
 geton, as alfo the cities Of Tubgucr, Azegue, Amader, Quaherque, ano the totone of Faroo. 
 She mhich totones ano cities are berp great anofaitelp built , being inljabitco bj> rich 9poo?es, 
 ano abounoing toitlj all kinoe of cattell , 15arlep , ano Dates. 9no ijere is fuch plentp of goloe 
 founo upon the fanos bp the riucrs Qoe, that tlje fapo Sl&oojesbruallp carrp c&e fame $0 jthtoaro 
 to Marocco, ano g>outhtoaro to tfoe citp of Tombuto in the lano of Negtos, toljicljcitp fianoettj 
 about ? 00 leagues from the feingoome of Darha ; ano this kingtome is but 60 leagues from this 
 3lano ano Cattle of Arguin. 2£therefoje 3 befecchpour toojlbfpto put Ijismaitttpinremem* 
 b?ance Ijereof ; fo } tlje fapo cities ano totuncs are but ten oapes ioumep ftom hence, 31 heartilp 
 luittjtljathis maiettp tooulofcno tmooj th?eemarchant3 to fee tlje Sate of the Countrep, toho 
 mtgh t trauell to tlje afo jefapo cities , to bnocrttano of tlje ir rich trace. $0} anp man map go fafe 
 ano come fafe from thofe places, 9no tljus luithout troubling of pour too jfijip anp furtljer, 3| 
 ljumblp takemp leaue, ^romthe 3llano ano Cattle of Arguin tjje 20 of 3lanuarp 1 s pi. 
 
 3»ourtoo?(Ijipsferuant 
 Mekhiot Petoney, 
 
 The voyage of ' (Richard (fytmolds and TIjomasDaflet to theriuers of 
 
 Senega zndGambra adioyningvpon Guinea, 1 5 $ I, with adifcourfeofthe 
 
 treaf ons of certain of Donssfntoniohis feruants and followers. 
 
 $ bertue of her Spaiefites moll gracious cljarf er giuen in the petre 1588, anttm 
 tlje tljirtieth pecre of her iSpighnefle reigne, certaine Cnglith marchants are gran* 
 teo to traoe, in ano from the riuer of Senega to ano in the riucr of Gambra,on tfjc 
 aHetterne coatt of Africa. Clje cljicfett placed of traffiqueon tljat ccattbettocene 
 ^ tljtfe riuers, are tljefe :'" 
 Senega riuer j €he commooities be fotocs, gumme,elepfjants teetlj, a&to gtaittc^eOtit^ 
 featljerSjamber-griece, ano (bme goloe, 
 
 a Befeguiache , a tOtotte bp Capo Verde * leagues from Senega riuet : %ty COmmoOi* 
 ties be fmall ljioes,ano a feto teetlj, 
 
 3 Refifca Vieio , a totohe^ leagucf from Bcreguiache : %%t commooities befmalHjioei?, 
 ano a feto teetlj nato ano then. 
 
 4 Palmerin , a totone 2 leagues fromRcfifca : %fy cornm6bitiesbefmanijioejj,ano-aftbj 
 elephants teetlj rioto ano then, 
 
 5 Porto d' Ally, a totone % leagues from Palmerin : %\)t commooitiej! be finall 6iBes,teetfj, 
 amber-grt'ece,ano a little golse x ano manp l^ojtugals are tijere, 
 
 6 Candimalj 
 
M. ^chiT&inolds. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 189 
 
 6 Candimal,atotonebalfc a league from Porcod' Ally : dje commoDities be fmall Ijiocp, 
 ano a feiu teetb noto ano tljen, 
 
 7 Palmerin , a tomne 3 leagucsftom Candimal : €lje commoDities be fmall hioes, ano a 
 re to ccctlj noto ano tljen. 
 
 8 Ioaia , a to tone 6 leagues from Palmerin : ?Ehe commoDities be IjiDcgf, toare, elephants 
 teetb,rice,ano Tome goloe : ano man? "Spaniaros ano p> jtugals ace tljere. 
 
 9 Gambra riuer : 3Dlje commoDities are rtce.toarcbioes.elepljnnts teetlj,ano goloe, 
 "Elje Jf rencljmcn of Diepe ano Ne w-hauea Ijaue traoeo tljitljer about tbtrtp peres : ano com* 
 
 monlp toitlj foure 0} fiue (hips a pere, tobcreof ttoo fmall barks go into the riuer of Senega. €be Jj t r g* 
 other toeretooont(bnttlltoitbtnthefe foure peres, tljat our (hips came tljitber)torioctoitIjtbeir 1587. 
 {hips in tbe roaD of Porto d' Ally ano fo few their fmall ffjaloups of fire } cigljt tunncs to fome 
 of thefe places on tbe ;§>ea coaft before rcpeateo. (HUjereinall places generallp tbep toere toll 
 beloueo ano as courttoudp entercameo of tbe Negros , as if tljep Ijao bene uaturallp bo?ne in tbe 
 countrep. Snoocrp often tbe Negros come into France ano returneagaine, tohich is a further 
 incceafing of mutuall loue ano amitp, ;§>ince our commtng to tljat coaft the jTrencbmcn rioe 
 totbtbeirfl^ppesatRefiicaVieio.anofufferbstoancretoitboucnjippesatPortod'Ally. ^Ije 
 .frenchmen ueuer bfe to go into tlje riuer of Gambra : toljicb is a nuerof fecrct traoe ano ncljes o'rTcmVrud 
 concealco bp tlje Upojtugals* If 0? long fince one if renchman cntrco tbe riuer toitlj a fmall barke wane concta- 
 toljicb toas bctrapeD,furpHfeo,anD taken bp ttoo gallics of tlje UDojtugals, 
 
 3n our fecono bopage ano fecono pecre tljere tore bp bile trecherous meanes of tbe H3o?tti= JBefemAr 
 gals ano clje king of tbe Negros content in Porto d' Ally ano Ioaia about fo?tp (gngltibmen cru< -poAv «ngnfy 
 ellp flame ano captiuco, anomofto? all of tljeir gooos confifcateo :tohereof there returnee cnelp j"^™*",^* 
 ttoo.tobicb tore tbem.vcbants. 9no alfo bp procurement of Pedro Gonfalues,one of Don An- taimmo." 
 tonio tbe kings feruants,Thomas Daffel ano others Ijao bene bctrapco } if ttbao not plcafiD al= 
 migljtp (Eoo to reueale tlje fame, Mjcrcbp it toasp?eueutei>. 
 
 from tbe ^outlj fioe of Senega riuer on tlje ^ea coaft toto about Palmerin is all one king* 
 bomeof Negros. Cijc kings name isMelick Zamba, tobo Dtoellecbttoooapesiourneptoithin 
 tlje lano from Refifca. 
 
 M\)t uof jfrouembcr 1 591, 3 Richard Rainolds^f Thomas Daffel factOJS in a fljipcalleD 
 tbe Nightingale of London of 1 25 tunneg, ano a pinneflecalleo tbe Meffenger of 40 tenncs ar* 
 rfueDneerebntoCapoVerdeataIitle3llano calico The Hand of liberty, St this jlano to fet c»p e vo<fe. 
 bpafmallpinnelfc, totljtojicbtocarpourmarcbanoifeonlanDrjJbeutoetraffiqtic ♦ 9 no in 
 tlje meane time Thomas Daffel tont totb tlje great pmnefle to traffike toitlj §>paniaroc a} 13oj* 
 ttigalstnP6rcod'Allyo?Ioala.©ueragaintttbefapo31lanoontbemainetsflnljabstationoftbe 
 Negros calleo Befegueache. 'Ojc alcaide o? gouernoj thereof toitb a great traiue came aboojo Beregucacte. 
 in their canoas to receiue tlje kings ouetiesfojankerage ano permitcingtbe quiet fetting op of 
 ourptnneffe j\ubolikeopaffingtolltbatno'p.ojtugallcame inthefbippc, faping, to fijoulo be 
 letter tljoujljt of bptbe king annpeople.iftoneueroiobjmgpojtugall.btttcomeof our felttes 
 as tbe /frenchmen euer oioanDDoe. 9noto purcljafe tbe mo?e loue, 3D Richard Rainoldsgaue 
 htm ano all bis companp courteous entertainment* Sllfa- upon bis intrcatp, bailing fufficicne 
 jfaogeaboojD, 3 ano others toent on lanomttb him, 9t tljisinGant there toas great toarre be* 
 ttoene this alcaide ano another gouerno? of trjenertp?outnce. jaeuertbclrffeoponourartiuall 
 truce teas taken fo j a fpace ; ano 3 lnitfj our companp conoucteo among both enemies to tbe go* 
 ucrnojiafjoufein Befegueache, ano toregentlp ano frtenolpfeatteo after tbeirmaner, anD toib Etr« g uache. 
 fome p^efents returnee fafe aboo?o againe. %\)i nert oap tbe alcai de came aboo,;o agaute, to tuil 
 me to feno fome pion ano otljer commoDities in tlje boat to traffike tei tlj t be Negros . ano alfo re- 
 quetteo me tljat 31 to-ulo go to Refifca totlj tljefhip ; tubiclj 3 Oio* 3bd one t Ijing J noteo, tljat a 
 number of Negros attenoeo tbe alcaides Ianoing in iuarltkc maner totlj bo tos ano poifonco ar- 
 rotors, Darts poifonco, ano f tocps, (becaufe tljat tlje enemies bp reafon of tlje truce taken tore 
 tijere alfo to tow tbe ujip) lofjo fo; tlje mofl part appjocljco to fjim kneeling ootoue ano kiffco tbe 
 bacfeeofljisbano* 
 
 %\)t 1 7 of i5ouember to topeo anker; ano bp reafon no jfrencb ffjip toas pet come, 3! tone 
 totberoaDofRefilcaztobereafentfo^tljealcaidestnterp^eto^s.tobocametbitberaboojDjano 
 receiueo ofmc tbe kings Duties foj to baue free traffike toitlj tlje Negros, toitlj toljemoaplp J, cr« 
 cbangeo mp p?on % other toares fo? bioes anD fome elephants teetlj,fmDing tbe people berp fricno* 
 Ip ano tractable. ?mo tlje nert oap after ourarriuall3ltocntbpmtotljelanD about tbjee miles to 
 tlje totone of Refifca, toljere3l toas frienolptofcoanDtoell entertainco of tbe alcaide, ano cfpeci« Re6f«. 
 allp of a poong nobleman calico Conde Amar Pattay,tobo p^efentto me toitlj an ore fo? mp com* 
 panp, goats anD fome poong kios, affuringme that tlje king tooulo be glao to beare of the arrmall 
 
 of 
 
Porto Dally. 
 
 [90 The English Voyages,Nauigations, M. 'Rjch/Rainolds. 
 
 of a CljjtOtanss lbip.tobom tbep called Blancos,tljat ie,tobite men : efpeciallp of an <£ngli(1j ftjtp. 
 9nu to oaplp tbe pong Conde came toitb a fmall companp of bojfemen to tbe fea fioe,feattingme 
 »erp kinolp ano coutceouflp, 3nd tbe fift of December be toitb bis trainecameaboo?o to fee tbe 
 ftjip ; tobicb to tbemfeemeotooonoerfull, as people tljat fclDomebadfeenetbelike: tobotoloeme 
 tfjat; bis meffenger from clje king toas returncdjand tlje kingreiopceo mucb to Ijearc tljat (Englifrj 
 men toere come toitlj a fljip to trade in bis po?ts ; nno bcingtbe firft englishman that e tier came 
 toitbafyip,31 toastljebettectoelcome; p?omi(«igtbat 31 ojanpCngliflbman hereafter ftjoulo be 
 tocl intreated f find gooo Dealing at tljetr bands.8nt furtber tlje Condc on tbe kings bcljalfe and 
 Ijtsotone.earnettlprequetteo, t(jacbefo?emp Departure off tljecoaft 31 toouloretumeagaineta 
 bis roao to conferee toitb bim fo? tbe better continuance ano confirming of amitp bcttoeenctljem 
 and Cngliujmen : ujbtclj 31 apceo smo, 9nn fo ujetoing Ijim and ijts companp tbe bett frienDQjip 
 and courteGe 31 couId, Ijetoenc onfljo?e, ano fboulobauebadtljebono?ofouro?cinancebut tbat 
 be oefireo tbe contrarp, being ama?eo at tbe Bgljt of tbe ftjip and noife of tbe gunncs, mbieb tbep 
 did greaflp admire. 
 
 Cbe 1 ? of December at nigbt toe toetgljeo aitfccr,ann arrttteo tlje 1 4 dap at tbe roao of Porto 
 d' Ally, tobicb is anotljer kingoome : tbe King tbercof is calico Amar Meleck, $ fonne to Meleck 
 Zamba tbe otljer king, anootoelletb a oapesicurncp anti an balfefrcm Porto d' Ally. QKbcntoe 
 ban ankered,tbe kings kinfmen being gouernojs, toitb all tljeofficers of tljat totonccame aboo?o 
 to recciue all Duties fo? tbe ftjip 9 licence to traffike Due to tljeking ; toljo tbere gcnerallp feemeo 
 to be uerp glad tbat no po }t ugall toas come in our Gjtp out of England ; taping it toas tbe kings 
 pleafurc toe ujotild b?tng none bereaftcr; fo? tbat tbe king Din ettecme tbem as people of no trutb; 
 ana complained of one Francii co de Cofta feruant to Don Antonio Jjoto \je bao often and tbe Iaf£ 
 pere alfo abufeD aim Deluded tfjeirking Amar Meleck in p?onriGng to b,.uig l;im certainetbingsj 
 out of England,\ubicb be tetter perfo?meD,anD oeeme tbat to be tlje caufe of bis tfaping beljinoe 
 tbiS\jopage,anD tljat neitber^paniacDnc^taojttigallCGUlDabiDeDs^utrfpojteDberpbaDlpanii 
 gaue out baro fpeecbes tenoing to tbetcfamattoh % great Dt'fbono? of England : ano alfo affirmen 
 
 tljat at tlje arriuallofanCngltftjlbipcalleD The Command, of Richard Kelky of Dartmouth, 
 one Pedro Gonfalues a pojtugall tbat came in tbe fapd fljtp from Don Antonio repo?teD Unto 
 tbem,tbat toe toere fled out of England anD come htoap topon intent to rob ano do great fpoile up* 
 
 on tbiS COaH to tbe Negros and T|3o?tUgals, anD tljat Thomas Daflel baD murdered Francifco de 
 Acofta Once our comminj from Eng!and,toljo mas commingto tbeir kingin our fljip toitb great 
 p?efcnts from Don Antonio, ano Dcfireo tbat at bur arriuall flap migljt be maDc of cur goods ano 
 our felues in fecret maner ; tobicb tbep denieo, not giuing credit to bis repo?t,bauing bene often 
 abufeD bp fuclj frtuolous ano flanoerous fpeecljes Up tbat nation ; telling me tbeir king toas fo?p 
 fo?tbefo?mer murDeranocaptiuttpofournation, and toouloneucr peels to tbe like, rjautngtrje 
 po?tugals anD Spaniards in general! batreti etier Once, and conceittetb muclj better of our coun= 
 trep and bs,tben tbefe our enemies repo jt of* f j tobicb 31 peeloeo tbem bcartp tljanks, aduring 
 tbem tljep fljoulD 6noe great Difference bettoeene tbe lopaltp of tlje one and dillopaltp of tbeotber : 
 and fopapeD tbeir duettes : and fo? tbat it toas tlje cljiefe place cftraoe, aujetoeotbcinljotoa 
 toas refolued to goe to tljetr king toitlj rertaine p?efents tobicb toe bad brought ottt-of England ,• 
 toljicb toe determined fo? tlje mo?e bono? and credit of our countrep, and augmentingof tbeir bet* 
 ter affection totoardbs. 
 
 9lltbis toljile Thomas Daffel toas tottb our great pinneueattbetotoneofloala, being in tbe 
 ktngoomeofkinglocoel Lamiockeric,tramkingtoitbtbei§>pamarDS 9 |3o?tugalstbere. 9nd 
 tbe fo?cnameo Pedro Gonfalues.toljicb came out of England 3 toas tbere alfo toitb otber Cnglifh 
 marcljants about tbe buttnes of Rich. Kelley ; ano as it fboulo feeme,fo? tljat be could not obtaine 
 bis mifcljieuotis p?etcnoeD purpofe agatrtft Thomas Daflel and otljttS at tbe totone of Porto d' 
 Ally .toljere 31 Richard Rainolds remaineo,be attempted toitb confent of otber po?tugals tohicfj 
 toere maoe p?iup to bis intent to betrap tlje fapo Thomas Daffel at tbis totone.^ baf toitb b?iucs 
 fedticed tbe cljiefe commanders and Negros to effect bis toicked (jt moflnillanous p?actife; tobicb 
 as ©00 toottld, toas reuealed to tbe fapd Thomas Daflel bp Rich. Cape an €ngliftjman and fer= 
 uant to tljefo?enamed Rich. Kelley; to tobom tljisfapd Pedro Gonfalues bad difclofco Ijis fecret 
 treacljerp,toiUing bim toitb all trpeottion to Hand opon Ijis guard, 2Hbercupon Thomas Daflel 
 toent aboo?o a fmall Cngliftj batke called TheCherubin of Lime, and tbere one IohnPayuaa 
 po?tugallano feruant 6f Don Antonio declared, tbat if be $ one Garcia a J0o?tugall of tlje fapn 
 totone tooulo batfe confented toitb Pedro Gonftlues.tbc fapd ThomasDaflelljad benebetrapeu 
 long befo?e 4 9no Upon tbis teaming Thomas Daflel tbe nert dap Ijauing gotten tlj?ee po?tugals 
 aboo?o,aDuifcd fo? our better fecurities tofeno ttoo on lano,? detained one toitb b»n called Villa 
 noua, telling tljem tbat if tlj« nejetdap bp etgbt of tbe clocke, tbep Would b?ing Pedro Gonfalues 
 
 aboop 
 
 Cjtpof RichatJ 
 
 Kelky. 
 
 Oc 1116 tiro lie 
 
 lirsofaldop 
 
 tusaii. 
 
 Port Dally tftt 
 
 rllicft place of 
 UdDc. 
 
 loali. 
 
 «Ct)e Cherubin 
 Of Lime fit 
 Ioala. 
 
JS&fRjchniainolds. Traffiques, and Difcoueries. 1 9 1 
 
 abOOJO 10 ljim , l)e tooulD releafe tbc fapb Villa noua , tobicb tljcp DiD not, 9no Thomas Daflel 
 bauing intelligence tbat cerraine Negros anD pojtugals lucre rtooen pofl ouer-Iano to Porto d' 
 Ally vuttlj intent to Ijaue Richard Ram olds ano bis companp liar d on lanD,bcing Doubtfull vtiljac 
 fcienDfljip foeuer tlje bnconflant Negros pjofetfcD (bp reafon tfjep beoften mattering bring oner- 
 come toitb blinking toine) bou> tbcptooulDoeale,topjewcnttbe Dangerous luflfjstljatmigbt be 
 effecteD in tbe roao bp pojtujtaifcanD fo? better flrcngtb,tbe a4of December be came toitlj !jis 
 pinneu"c$PortugalltoriDeintberoaDof Porto d'Aliy.toberc our great fljipye tlje Nightingall 
 mas: lubo toas no fooner arriueD but ij<- Ijao netoes alfo from tbc fljo tc from Iohn Baily Ant hony 
 Daffels feruant.tobo toas tljere toitb our gooos DctaineD bp tbepojtugals meanSjtljat abeue 20 
 pojtugals ano Sbpaniarss were comefromloala bp lanD,anD Pedro Gonfalues in tljeir compa* 
 np,totakeo?Dcrfa?tl)ereieafrng of Villa noua. 5§>oljauingljaD conference ttooojtbjeeDapes 
 toitbtbcCoinmanDcrSjtbeNegros.fome&paniarDiEi.anDfomepo^tugalSjintbeenDbpDueera' 
 wiination of tbemattcrtbe Negros feeing boiDbilelpPcdroGonraluesbaDDelt, be being intljetc 
 potocr, fapb be fljoulo fuffer oeatb 0? be tojtureD , foj an erample to otljers, T5ut toe in recom* 
 penfe of Ijts ctucltp pitut> bim ano ujetoeD mercp, Dcfiringtbe Negros to intrcat bim toell tljougrj 
 bnocferueo : anD tljereupon tfjc Commanoers bjcugbt bim aboojo tl;e ptnneKe to Thomas Daf- 
 fel to Do toitb bim tobat be tooulD; tobere at bis comming from ttje fijoje.fo? lauifb fpeecljes toljtcb 
 ^bfeDofpjinces.ljetoastoellbuffetteDbpa&paniarD, ano migljcbauebenellaine, iffojouc 
 fakes bebao not bene refcueD. 
 
 <KB!jiie 31 toent on Qjo?c toitb Villa noua , tlje fapD Pedro Gonfalues confeffeb unto Thomas 
 Daflel tljat be bio enquire of fomc Negros anD po jtugals if be migbt not Cap bun anD bis gooos sh»tt. 
 in tbe IanD,ariD that be Dio notfjing but bp commitfion from bis king bp bis letters toljiclj be recei= 
 ucd from London m Dartmouth after toetoereoeparteDfrom London, fojtbattoep^fumeD to 
 come to Guinea to tratTibe toitbottt a feruant of (jib ; anD furtber, tljat be Ijaopotoer ojpjocurati= 
 on from Francifco de Cofta tlje pojtugall tbat ttapeo Utyrat in England to Defainc tbe gooD» 
 Of Anthony Daflel in Guinea. 
 
 13p COnfent of «£. Francis Tucker , Iohn Browbcare , anD tbe retf oftljefactours of Richard 
 
 Kelley, toitb tobomtljis Pedro Gonfalues came, fo? auoiDinghirtljcr mifebiefe tljat migbt be 
 p?actifeD,toe agreeo tbat tbe fap Pedro Gonfalues ftjoulD 8ap atoojD cur fijippe^ano not goe anp 
 mo?e on lano Until! tljcpoeparteti. <§>ottje nincrj of 31anuart ■■ Ijc tuas tJcitttercD aboojrj ta gec fc? 
 England in tlje fame fbtp tobereiu be came ; tobo toas all tbc time of Ijts abooe in our Qjippe botlj 
 courteouflp ano frienoip ufeo at mp Ijanos, mucb againfl tbe mariners toilles, toljo ccu!d not a« 
 bioe fucb a toickeo creature anD caitiue.tb at tsnourilbeo ano relieueo in our countrep, ano pet bp 
 billanous meancs fougbt tbe oettruction of bs all. 
 
 Clje &paniarDsanD po?tugalstbougb tbcpbeDiffemblersanonotcobetruffeD, to&entbep 
 percctueb boto king Amar Melicks Negros befricnoeD anofauo?cD bs, ano tljat it tooulD be pje=» 
 iuDicial! to tbeir traoc fo? Diners refpects , if toe ffjoulo anp toap be iniurieo, rcnounceD tlje fays 
 p jactifes, Detefltng tlje autljo?, anD pjotcfieD to DefenD bs in fucb cafes toitlj all faitbfulneffe ; oc* 
 Cringtoc tooulo.as tlje king of Negros IjaD commanDeD bs,ncucr bjtng Portugal toitb bsmojet 
 b&ng tbis pb?afe in Difoaine of fucb as came out of England , let pour pojtugals be barres of p< 
 ron : fo? in truetlj in regaro of tlje ricb traoc matntaineo bp jFrencljmcn anD bp bs of late, tljep c- 
 Deememoje of one barrc of pjontljen of ttoentppo^tugals toljicb toefijoulDbjingoutof Eng- 
 land : toljo at tljeir comming tijitljcr berp f until! v Difaouantage bs , anD Doe great ljurt to cttcrp 
 partp. 
 
 9t tbc beginning of tbcfe bjoiles tljeking Amar Melick baD fent Ijiscbiefe fecretarp anD tlj?ce 
 !jojfesfo?meR.ichardRainolds : but 31 oentcD togeebpreafonoftbcbttrlepburlep,tljougb3 
 migbt baue IjaD Negros ofaccouncfojpIeDgesaboo^D; pet toe fent tbe pjefents bntotlje king; 
 toljo fo fooue as be bnocrtt jod tlje caufe toljp 31 came not to bim , being fo?p anD offenneo tbereat, 
 commanoeD pjefentlp bp proclamation, tbat no inturpujoulD be offcreous in bis Dominions bp 
 bis otone people, o^ fufferco to be Done bp S>paniaros 0? Ipo jtugals. 3no if tlje Negros iopning 
 to bis kingoome Iboulo confeocrate toitb tlje SipaniarDs ano pojtttgals to molefl 0} trouble us ; 
 tbat bis fubiectstbc Negros (IjouId be reaop to apne, fucco? auDDefenobs. 31ntol]iclj people ap* 
 peareDmojeronfioent loue anD poDtoill totoarDs bs , tljetieuertoefljaUfinDceitberof §>pa« 
 niaros j po?tugals, tljouglj toe fljculD relicue tljem of tlje greatell miferp tbat can be imagineo. 
 
 3In tbe riticr of Senega no SipatuarD oj 19ii;twuQ bfcto traDc : anD onelp one Portugal! ca!» 
 leDGani^.oga Dtoellctlj farre toitljin tlje titter, toljo toasmarieD to a kings Daugljter. 
 
 3Intbz touines of Porto d' Ally ano Ioala, bring totoues of cljiefefi traoe, ano in tbe totoncs of 
 Canton anD Caflan in tlje riuer of Gambra are manp S>paniarDs anD Pojtugals reCDcnt bp. per* 
 Miiltton of tlje Negros; to&o (jane rid; traces tljete along cbecoa8,efpeciaUpie San Domingo salpingo, 
 
 ana 
 
ipz The Englifti Voyages,Nauigations, Tombuto and (jago. 
 
 JWogrande. 
 
 jSotfttjta 
 
 tt rich tra&e 
 fr i goioe in 
 
 Siogrande- 
 
 ano Rio grande,iiot far cittant from Gambra nucr ; tobittjer tljcp tranfpojt tbe j>?on toljitlj tljcp 
 btip of jfrcncljuiEii anbbs, aim cyc^angc it fo? Ncgros ; toljiclj be canto continuallp to t(je Weft 
 Indicsinfucl) ftjips as came from Spainc. &lfo bp tljegouemojs ojoer anb Eentc ts ofCaftel de 
 Mina anb otljer places, ttijercplocis, upon tbecoafl of Guinea, tbep baue a place Itmttebljoto 
 farrc tljep mull go to trace toitbintljcriucr of Gambra ; anbfurtbertbepmapnotgobponpaine 
 ofcmmfcationoftljeirgoobs, anoIofTe of life : fo? tljattbelRcnters tbemfeluesfenDatcertaine 
 times tljeirotone barks toitljintbe riucr tofucb places, tuljcre as tljep tjattc great ftoye of goloe. 
 . 9no in aft cbefe places bereabouts.toljere toe bfc to trabe, tljcp tjatie no Jf c?t, Caflle, o?placeof 
 Qrcngtb, but onelp tracing bp tbe Ncgros fafeconotict ano petmitfion. 8no tlje mod part of tlje 
 j§>paniarDs ano ]<3o jtugals that be relipcm in tljefe places be bamtbeb menoj fugitiues, fo? torn* 
 mining mottbaincus crimes anb incefiuous acts, tljeir life ^conuerfatton being agreeable; ano 
 tbep are of tije Kifelt beljauiouc tbat toe baue cuer feene of tljt fe nations in anp otijer countrep, 
 
 A briefe relation concerning the cftate of the cities and prouinces 
 of Tombuto and Gago written in Marocco the firft of Auguft 15^4, and fent to 
 
 M.a*dmhonj Duffel marchant of Louden. 
 
 ^Ijeartp commtmjatfonspjemifeij:poMr letter of Iate3Irecciuea, anb fount) 
 t bat pou tooulb baue me Dif couer bnto p u t be t fin t e f qualitp oftlje c c tint repes 
 of Tombuto anb Gago. 9no that pou map not tbuike me to {lumber in tljis ac* 
 t ion, tober in pou tooulb be truelp ano perfectlp r c folueo ,po u ujal l bnceru*an», 
 1 tljat not ten bapes pafl Ijere came a Cabaia of tljc Andoluzes Ijome f torn Gago, 
 > ano another p?incipall Cgooje, toljom tbe king fent t Ijit l;er at tlje fitfl toitb Al- 
 caide Hamode.anD tljcp tyougbt toitb tbem tbtrtp mules Iaoen toitb goto. 31 fato tlje fame come 
 into tbe Alcafaua toitb mine oame eies t ano tljcfc men tbemfelues came not uooic.t w tottfj fucb 
 tueaub. tbattljcp came auiaptoitbout tbe kings commanbement : anb foj tbatcaufe tbe king toill 
 jsaprljnu notoages fo? tbe time iljep baue bfenctfjerc. Cn tlje oiljer fine tfjep bare not afke tbe 
 itttgfin anp toages. Slno toben Alcaide Hamode fato tbat tbe Gahaia of tlje Andohizes toott'to 
 not Sap in Gago toitb btm , ftc ttjougbt gooo to feno tlji fe tfjirtp mules iai-eu toitlj golbebpbint, 
 tot't b letters ofcommenoations , bp tolji cb tbe king fine Ilea tlj eir ricljes tbat tbep b?ougbt toitb 
 them? anb tbis bias tbe caufe of tbe kings oifpleafurc totoarbstljcm, S)onoUitbcrcremainettj 
 in Gago Alcaide Hamode, anb Alcaide Iawdara, anb Alcaide BucSlhare. Subljcrcareinarca* 
 DineOe to Depart intbeenb of tljiS nett September Alcaide Monfor, Ben Abdrahaman Allies, 
 Monfor Rico toitb fiue tboufano men,mott ef tbe fcttilafe,tbat is to fap,of ficr-marij, ^mufkerg. 
 «omtnotHtie> ^tjece is gone goob fio;e of reos 9 1 cllones : anb tbis pere bere toas toant of tbe fame cemmobi* 
 «Bjc«eo. tp; but3! trull tbe new pere toil be no toant, XutinmtetbekmgbotbpjofpertoelinibQfcparts", 
 anb bere are manpplebges come b'tljer, anb namelp tb?ee of tbe kings fonncs of Gago anb tbe 
 3uttice ; 3j fato tbem come in toitb tlje treafure. poto toben Alcaide Monfor commttb to Ga- 
 go, tlje toljicb toil! be tit Janttarp nert, tljen rtturneib tjitgec Alcaide Hamode toitb all tbe trea« 
 fure, anb Alcaide Montor is to ktepe Gago bnttll tbe king take ftirttjec ojber. 9no njus muc& 
 foi Gago. ^T bus nut hailing anp otber tljing to to?tte at tbis p?efcnt,31 commenb pou to ttje mtr* 
 fifuIUiiitionaftbcalmtsbtp. ^roinMaroccotljegrfiofSugua 15^4, 
 
 ^our affttreb frienb Laurence Madoc 
 
 Another briefe relation concerning the late conquefl and the ex- 
 ceeding great riches of the cities and prouinces of Tombuto and Gago, written 
 from Morocco the joAuguft 1594,10 M.^»/Ao»7D<*J^/ marchant of L»»^aforcfayd. 
 
 Suing frienb C©. D affeI,ttoo of pour letters 31 baue receiueb, one bp tbe ujippe 
 
 calico ^beAmity,tbe otijer bp £ljc Concord : cljcclnefett matter tljcrcintoas 
 
 to be fattffieb of tbe kingof Marocco bis pjoceebings in Guinea, 'Cbcrefo^e 
 
 tljcfe arc to let pou bnDetfianotbattbcrctocnt toitb Alcaide Hamode fo^tljoie 
 
 paws feuenteenebuno?eb men : tobopafringouenbefanbs, fo^vtoantoftoatec 
 
 periSbcb one tljtrb partof tbem : ano at tljeir comming to tlje citp of Tombuto, 
 
 tlje Negros mabe fome reCflance;but to fmall Jllrpofe,fojj tbat tljep ban no befence but toitb tbeit 
 
 afagaies oj iaucItngspoifoncD, g)0 tbep tooke it , anb pjocccdcd to tbe citp of Gago , tobere tbe 
 
 Ncgros toere in number infinite, ano meant to fiano to the bttermofi fo? tljeir countrep : but tbe 
 
 90oo?e£ fieto tfytm fo fad, tbat tbep toere faine to peelo,-anb bo pap tribute bp tbe pete. %t)t rent 
 
 of 
 
 tombuto taftCIt 
 
 Csgotafsen. 
 
The patent for Sierra Leona. TrafFiques^and Difcoueries. 193 
 
 of Tombutois 6oquintals of golccbptlje peeie ; tbegooonelTetobcrfofpouknoto. SLIljat rent 
 GagototUpecId.pouujaHknoto OttljC Ss>p?itlg, fo? thtn Alcaide Hamode commetb Ijome, 
 , m,\)z rent of Tombuto is come b? ttje cafelow o? carottan, toljicij is, as aboue is mentioned, 60 
 quintal, 'Che report is, tijat Mahomed bjhigett) toitb \>im fuel) an infinite treafurc as 3 ncucr 
 Ijeaco cf : it Doth appeare tljat tljep Ijatie mo?e goloc tljcn anp other pate of tlje loo jlo Lcftcc, Clje 
 Alcaide lutmtetl) all clje countreptoljcre ^egoct^ toitljotitfig!;iinj, ano is going dotonc totoaros 
 the fea coatt, ®ljis king of Marocco is like to be tlje greater! p?incc in the too?ld fo? monep,if be 
 keepe this countrep. 3But 3lmake account affoone as tbe king of Spaioe ijatb quietnrfic in CO?i- 
 ttendovnc ,bc toil tb?uft Ijim out : fo? tljat t&e lungs fo?cc is not great as pet ; but be meanetlj to be 
 Cronger, €Jjere is a campe rcaop to go uoto toitlj a biccrop : the fpeecU is toitlj 3000 men : but 
 atbtnketljcptoillbeljardip 2000; fo?bprepoit, 3ooomeuareeuougijtarouqueralltbecoun* 
 trep j fo? tbep bane no Defence of importance agaiuff an enemp. 31 tbinke Hamode toillbe retur- 
 neo borne in 3lanuarpo? thereabout : fo?beflapetbbtttfo?tbecommingof the biccrop, Mulley 
 Balafentbe kings fonne of Marocco toasfiaineinGuineabpbtiSDtonemcn,antitbcptoerepje* 
 tentl* hilled, becaufe tbep fljoulo tell no tales, 9nd thus leaning to trouble pou, 3 commit pou to 
 ©oD,toljop?ofgerpouma!lpourp?oceeoings, #romMaroccotlje6rlrof9ugult 1594, 
 
 fours' to command fo?etter Laurence Madoc. . 
 
 2Df tljefcttoo riclj cities and kt'ngdomcs of Tombuto ano Gago Leo Africans to?itetljat 
 large intbe beginning of bts feuentb beoke of the defcriptton of Africa , toljiclj too?tljp too?ke is 
 to be annejeed bnto tjje end of this fecono volume. 
 
 A briefe extract of a patent granted toM. Thomas Gregory oiTanton^ 
 and others, for traffique betweene the riuer oiNonnia and the riuers of Madra- 
 
 bumba and Sierra Leona on the coaft of Guineajn the y ecre 1592. 
 
 33 SSaptbe 34 peereof oar gracious foueraigne2E}ueene Elizabeth, a patent of 
 > fpeciall licence toas granted to Thomas Gregory of Tanton in tbe countp of 
 j Somerfet.anoto Thomas Pope, andcertaine otfjcr marcbantseotrafftque into 
 Guinea from the J3o?tbermovI part of tlje riuer of Nonnia to tbe ©outbermort 
 ^ parts of tbe riuers of Madrabumbaano Sierra Leona, and to otberpartsaftoell 
 to tbe ^outljcafi as to tbe jT2o?tbtoefl , fo? a certaincrmmber of leagues therein fpecified tobicrj 
 amount to an bund?cdo? thereabout, EHbiclj patent toas granted fo? t\)e terme of tenperest ass 
 appearetrjat large in thefapopatent recojoedin tlje&oltesin berSJNefties Chancery. 
 
 ... 
 
 The maner of the taking of two Spanifli fhips laden with quick- 
 filuer & the Popes bulles, bound for the WeB ladiespy M..Tbomas White in the 
 
 Amity of London. 1 592. 
 
 I $e 26 of 3«Ip 1 59*1 in mp returntngout of Barbary in the (hip called tbe Amity 
 * of London,being in tlje Ijeigbt of 3 6 degrees 0? tbereabout, at foure of tbe docket 
 jinthcmo?mBgtoeljadfigbtofttooujippes, being oittamfrom Dsabouttlj?eeo? 
 ; foure leagues : bp fcuen of tbe clocke toe fetcbed tbem dp , and tocre toitlj in gttn= 
 jujot:tobofeboldneffe, bauingtbekingofSpainesarmesbifplapeo, aidmakcbiJ 
 tudgctIjemratljcrujipsoftoarre,tbcnIaoentoitbmarcl)andife,9nd as it appeared bptbtirotone 
 fpeccbes, tbep maoe full account to baue taken bs : it beingaquefiionamongHjem, toOetljerit 
 tocre befl to carp bs to S.Lucar, 0? to Lisbon. (EHetoaueoec&otbcramainr. djcp bailing pla» 
 ceotljemfeluesintontlike o?oerone a cables length before anotljer, toe beganthe fight. 3iiuhe 
 toljicb toe continued, fo fair as toe toereable to charge anosifebarge, tbefpace of fiue boures,be* 
 ing tic ueu a cables length oifiant either of ds from otljer, 3in tobirb time toe receiued diuers fljot 
 botlj in the bull of out ujip,ma8s,and faiies,to tlje number of 3 2 great,beKdes 500 mufket fljot 
 and barquebujes a crockc at the lead, tobicb toe tolce after tlje figljt. 3no becaufe toe perceittea 
 tljem to be Sout, toe thought good to boojo the S5ifcaine,tobicb toas on bead tlje ottjer : tobere lp-- 
 ing aboo?c about an boure, ano piping our ordinance and fmall ujot ; in the end toe fiotoeo all Ijifl 
 men. iiftoto tbcotherintbeflicbaat.tljinkiiigtoebadcntred our men in their fclloto,bare roome 
 toitlj bs,meantng to Ijaue laped bs aboo?o, and fff tc baue intrappeo ds bettoirt tljem both : toljicb 
 toe pcrceiutng, fitted our ordinance fo fo? bim 3 as toe quitted our felues of ljim,and be boo?oeo W 
 fclloto : bu toljicb meanes tbep both fell fromds. ^b£np?ercmJp toe kept ourloofe, boifeo our 
 top-fatlcs, and tocailjcred tbem, and came bard aboo?d tlje flicboat toitlj our o?dinance p?cpared, 
 
 Rrr and 
 
tgarhttljia 
 
 otic. 
 
 194. The Englifh Voyages,Nauigations, Tbe Madre de Titos. 
 
 ano giitif her cut tohole b?oao ftse , tottb the mbtcb toe fleto eiuers of their men ; fa as toe might 
 fee tlje Wood run out at ti)i fcuppet holes, 9fter that toe ca2 about,an&ntto cljargco all ocr o?Di* 
 nance,anD came upon tiicm agame,tetl!ing them to peclo, 9 ? e Is toe teculo finhc them : tobcrupon 
 tfjc one toouiD faaucpeclDcD,tol)tcbtofls iljot bettoeenctotr.DeanD toatet ; but tjjc other calleDljim 
 trait 0?. Qnto tobcm toe mace anftoerc, that tfije tucttlu not pcelB p?efcntlp alfo, toe toottlo finite 
 himfirft. 9notljereupon[;ebnDetitanctup;ouriJeterm!natton,pjtfent!pputoutatobitcflag 3 anti 
 peelDtD , anbpetrefufcstoftriketheiroajnefailis, fD?tbMti-cpteercrtoo?neueuertoftaketo 
 anp CntrliOiman. Z&e then commanceD their captaiucs aim matters to ccme aiioo to be ; tobtch 
 thep bid. 9ito after craminatiou ? ftotoing them,toe fent cert amc of cur otone men aboo?D them, 
 ano ilrcott their failes.anb manneb their flnps: fincing in them both 1 26 perfons liuing,? 8 beau, 
 befioes thofe tohich tljep thcmfclucs bao call oner boo jd. <§>o tt pleafro ©od to giue bs tijc btctojp 
 being but 42 men ano a bop, tohereof 2 tuerc killeo anoj tootmDeD:fo?thetohitbgoocfurccfre 
 toe giue ©od the onlpp?atfe, Chefettoo rich p?i?eslabentoitb 1400 thefts of quickfiutcrtouh 
 the armes of Cathie anD Leon faftcncD bpon them, ano nitb a great quantity of bttUesc'?inoiu> 
 genres, anD guiloeb SJDilTals ? fecruice books, tottb an bunn?eD tunnes of erccllcnt tomes, toe 
 brought lho?tIp after into ttjc nuer of Thames bp to BJacke-wall. 
 
 15p tbe taking of this qutckfiluer, about 1 400 cbefis, the king of Spa ine lofctb fo? etierp qttin* 
 tall of the fameaquintallofGluer , tbatihouiDbauebcene beliiicrcb Ijim bp tlje maftcts ot the 
 mines there, tohich mnountctb to 600000 pounos. 
 
 9@o?e bp taking of bis bulles,to toit,tteo millions anb 7 2 trjoufano ft? liuing ano ceao perfons 
 fo ? the p?Ottinceo of Noua Hifpania, Iucatan, Guatimala,the Honduras, anD tbe Phi!ippinas : ta« 
 reo at ttoo reals the piece, 8nb mo?e fo? eigbtecne tljoufanb bailee tareb at foutc reals, amount 
 tetb allto 1 077^30 pounts,. .Summa totalis 707700 Jr.. . 
 
 S^oje there tocre taken teufacDels of gilt mitfals anb b?euiaries fent fo? tbe kings account. 
 
 4do t'bc IpiiiDErsnce that tbe king recciueth bp the Me of bts bulies ano qutckfiluer f ; mcun= 
 tetb as is abottcfaiD : befioes the lacking of his totnes,abcut 1 00 tunnes, toherebp Ijts fleet is oif> 
 appointcbofagreatpartoftheirp?ouifion. 
 
 . 
 
 A truereport of the honourable feruice at Sea perfourmed by Sir 
 
 7^»B^ro«^Knight,Licutenantgcnerall of the fleet prepared by the honor. 
 
 Sit Walter Ralegh Knight, Lord wardenof the Stannertes of Cornwall and Deuon. Whetin 
 chiefly the Santa Clara ot TSifcayj. fhip of 600 tunnes was taken, and the two Earl Indian 
 caraks.the Santa Crnz.znd the Madrede Dtos wete fotced,theone burnt,and the other ta- 
 ken and brought into Dartmouth thefeuenth of September, 1 502, 
 
 1 3lr Walter Ralegh bpon comiulton receutco from Ijer gpaieftp fo? an erpebition 
 ! to be raape to the Weft Indies , fiackeb not bis bttcrmoft Diligence to make full 
 ?p?ouifion cf all things necetTarp,as both in his choife of goob fijtps : anti ftifficient 
 i men to perfo?me the action cuiuentlp appeateb. Jfo? bis ibippes tohich tocre in 
 ^number 1 4 o? i y, tbofe ttoo of her Spaietties, tlje Garland f the Fore fight tocre 
 Uhecljtefefl; the reft either htsotoneo? his gooofritnoso? aouenturers ofLon- 
 don. jTo?the gentlemen bis confo?ts anD officers , to giue cljcm thcirright , tbrp tocre fo tocll 
 qualiteD in courage, etpetience, § Difcrction, as the greatcft p?ince might repute Ijimfi Ife Ijappp 
 to be ferueD totd; thctt lik?, %ty hono? of lieutenant getterall toas impofeD bpon fir Iohn B ur- 
 rough.a gentleman, fo? his manifologooD anb Ijeroicall parts.ttjought etierp toap too ?tl:p of that 
 commanoement :toith tohom after fir W.R. returneb toas t'opneo inccmmifftonfir Martin Fro- 
 bi(ner,tohofo? his fpeciallfktll^knotoleDgetn marine cauffsbabfo?mcrIpcariebtmpIotments 
 of like 0? greater placc/Sbercitof the raptaines, fotilDiers, ano failcrstorremcn of notable re* 
 folution, anb fo? the moftpart fuch ashcretofo?e hab gtuen to the too?lb fufficient p?oofe of their 
 balottr in Dittcrsferuices of the like nature, (LOiththefefiiipsthttsmanneD fir Waltpr Ralegh 
 oeparteo totoaros the <BIieJt couhtrep, tljere to ftojehimfelfe tottb fucfa further neceffarics as the 
 ftate of hisbopage Dix> nccbfttUp require : inhere theffiUcfterlp tointjesb!otoingfo?alongtime 
 contrarp to his courfe, hcunb anb conQraineb him tokeepe harL>o?oueh fo manp toccks, that the 
 fittell feafon fo? hispurpofc toas gone,tl?e minbes of his people much altereo, Ijts btctuals conftf 
 meo ; ano toithali,her jpaieftp bncerftancing hoto ctoffp all this fo?teb ) bcgan to call the p?ocecD» 
 ingoftht£p?eparation into qucfttonunfomuch that, tohercasthefirt cfspap toas firft come \xe- 
 fo?e fir Walter coulo put tofea, thebrrpnertbap fir Martin Frobifhertnapinntne of mpIo?n 
 aomtrals ralleD %\)t Difdaine^ met him, ano bjonght to bimftom her S^aieCp letters of rcuo« 
 cation, toitfj commanDement to relinquifl; (fo? l;ts otoue part) 'lie tntcnbeD attempt, aab to Icaue 
 
 the 
 
, , 1 --..- - - - . — - - 
 
 'IbeMadre de T>ios tal^en. Traffiques and Difcoueries. 195 
 
 tlje cljargc ano conottct of all tljings tn tljcbanOs Of fir lohn Burrough ano St Martin Frobifher, 
 15ut fit; Walter flnbmg iiis Ijono ? fo farrc engagco in tlje Dnorrtaking oftljis bopage, as bJitljcut 
 p?occccing IjcCabo no remcDp either to faluc his reputation, o? to content tijofe Ijis frienDs bijich 
 Ijao y tit in aDncntttre s of great fumnus tottlj bun ; ano making confiruct ton of tlje Quceites let* 
 tecs in fuclj fo?t as if Ijer coinmnnoemenc Ijao btnc pjopounbeb in tnoifterent tcmics,citljcr to nn-= 
 nance fojuiaro o? to retire % at biscumeDifiretion ; \uaulD in no cafe pceloto leaue his fleet now 
 imoer fjiIe. l CiLtl;ccefo?c contiitimitjijia cottcie itico tlje fea, ijc met lutt Ijin a Dap o? ciuo,toitl) ccc* 
 taine faties lately come from Spaine : among u>l>tc(j Urns a ftjtp appertaining to Monfieur Gour- 
 dongoueiTioiofCak-is.anofotitiDaboojDrjeroneSp.NeuelDauiesanigngliiijman, toljo Ijauiirg 
 tnDureo a long ano nuCerable capttuitp foj tlje fpace of ttucluc pcetcp.partlp in tlje inquifition tu 
 Spaine s n)as nobJ Up gooo fo?tune cfcapeo, ano upon returne to Ijis conntrep, ©bis man, among 
 otljer tljings, rcpo?tcD fo? ccrtaine,tljat tijerc baas little hope of anp gooo tljis pecre to be Done in 
 tbe Weft India; confioering that the lung of Spaine IjaD fent crjaefle per to all the po?ts both 
 of tlje Sllanug ano of Terra finna, that no fh;p fijonlo tone chat peere, no? anp treafnre be Iapeo a= 
 uoo?o fo? Spaine. 113ut neitljer tljis bnpleafant relation no? ouglje els couiD Sap bis pjocecDinge, 
 bntill a tempeff of ft range ana bncotulj biolence arifingbpon E-ljurfoap tlje 1 1 of l J9ap,bJljen Ije 
 toas atrjiaart tlje Cape Finifter, (jab fo fiattercb tbe greater part of f Ije fleet, ana funke Ijis boats 
 ano pinneffes, tbat as tlje reii tnerc onucn anb feuercD, fomc this leap ano fome tljat , fir Walter 
 himfclfe being in tlje Garland of Ijer SIBatclIp lnasin banger to be ftoallouicD upoftheg>ea; 
 SBljercunonfir W.Ralegh 6nbi;ig tljat tbe feafonof tlje pere teas too farregone to p?oceeo tottlj 
 tljeeiuerpufe toljicb bebao bpon Panama , batting bene Ijelo on the <£nalilh coatt from jFeb?tm= 
 rp till g^ap, ano therebpfuentthjcemnnctljsiuctuals^ ano confioering toitljall,*ijat to lie bpon 
 tljc^paniu) coaSojattbcaianDstoatmibtijc rftuntcof rlje€a8o? 23Mt;£nDian flfetsf teas 
 tatljcr a boo?ke of patience then ottgljt els : Ijegatte Directions to firlohn Burgh anD fir M. Fro- 
 bifher to biuioetlje fleet in t loo parts ; fir M.ujitij the Garland, cap.George Gifford, rapiHenry 
 Thin,cap,Grenuilean5otbcrstolteoff£bt , ^cutlj^ape J tljcrcbptpania5et^efepaiu(bflect,anij 
 to tjolDe tljcm on tbeir obune coal};Utijtle"f;c I. Burgh.capt.Roberc Crofle, capt.Tornfon,? otljcris 
 fijoulo atteno at tlje Storms fo? tlje caraks c? anp other sg>panifb (hips comming from Mexico 0? 
 otljer parts ofcbeWeiUndiefi.cTQijici) Direction toohc effect acco?btnglp;fo? tlje fetng of Spaines 
 aomirall receiuing intelligence tljat tlje ©ngltfJ) fleet bjag come on tlje coatt, atf enceD to oefenp 
 tIje&ontljpartsofSpaine,(ttolteepcb;mfeUeasnercfirMartJrobifherasljecoulD,toimpeact3 
 jbjm in a!! things toijicljlje might bnocrtake; ano tljerebp neglecteb tlje fafeconoucteiftije carafes, 
 tottlj bJbom it fareo as (jercaftcr fljall appeare. 3t5cfo?e tlje fleet feuereo tljemfclues tbep mette 
 tottlj a great ^ifcain on tlje s&pantflj coall caileo Santa Glaia a fljip of 600 tunnes* ^fit santacu™ 
 
 ■SDlje noifeof tlje arttllerp on botlj Goes being ljcarb,immeDiatlp ttjep Djeto to tljeir fleet; loljtre of^oo m'n*sl 
 after a reafonable hot figbt,tfje fljip toas entreo anb ma8ercb,ijjljic|j tljep fottnb fraigbteo toitfj all tafien, 
 ro>tsoffmallp?on-'oio?fef, asbo?fe-fljocs!, nailc^plouglj-fljares.p^onbarrcs, fpiKes, boults^ 
 lotfeSjgtmbols, $ faclj ltke,balueo bp bs at 6000 0? 7000 li.buc ttoo jtb to tljem treble tlje baltte* 
 Fiji's IBifcain uias failing torjaarbs S.Lucarjtijere to tafeein fome furtljer pjotttfion fo? t(je Weft 
 India. Eljts fljip being firil roomageo.anb after fent fo? Eng!and,our fleet coaflcD along totoarDiS 
 tlje gjoutljcape ofS.Vmcent,anDbp tljcioap,abouc tljeEockcnere Lisbon,fir lohn Burrough in 
 tbeRobuckefppingafaileafarrecff, gauc(jerp?efent chafe; SBljtcljbemgaflieboatanDofgooo 
 faile,t?c\u Ijim farrc ^oncljtoarDs bcfo?c be cotilo fetclj Ijer; but at latt Qjc came bnoer Ijis lee ana 
 Brooke faile. 'Clje mailer of Uibtclj flieboat comming aboo?D Ijim , confefleD tljat tlje king inSecD 
 ^abpjepareo a great fleet in S.Luc3r ano Cadiz, ano (as t!jerepo?tia Spaine ttias currant) foj 
 tlje Weft Indies. 13 tit in oceti ttje s§>uaniu> king; Ijao ujjoutDCD tljts fleet buon tljis counfell, J^ere= 
 cetttcD intelligence, tljat fir Walter Ralegh uias to put out flrongfo? ttjc Weft India .- to impeaclj 
 Ijim , anb to ranconter Ijis fo?cc Ije appotnttb tljts fleet ; alchottglj looking fo? tlje arriuall of Ijis 
 (£Eaa^inDiancaraks ; rjefiiflo?DaineDt!jofefljipstobjafttljemfromtljeA ? ores. IBtttperftoaDing 
 Iitmrelfc, tljat if tbeflect of fir Waher Ralegh did go fo? the Weft India, then tbe 3iIanDs fljouln 
 ^aitenonetotnfeatbembutfomcfmallmensfiaarrc.toljicljtljecaraksoftljemfelueslBottlDbe 
 iaellableto match; Ijis o?ner toas to Don Ajonfode 3acanb?otljertotljc barques ofSanca 
 Cruz, ana ©cnerall of ijis armada, toparfuefirWaltersfleet, ano to confront bint, tobatcourfg 
 foeuer (jc IjclD. 9no tljat tljts toas true, our men in fho?t time bp p?oofe bnoerffooo ,* fo? fir lohn 
 Burrough,notlong after tIjetnk!ngoflji3laapit?etljeflicboat,asljcfailcDbackcagainetouiarDg 
 tljereflofljiscompanp, DifLOUcreDtlje^panilrjflcettofea-toarDofljimttuIjicijljaiiingliketoife 
 tfpicD Ijim betwiit tfcem ano tbe ftjo?e,maDe full account to b?ing Ijim fafe into <§>paniq) Ijarbottr; 
 ano tljerei'ojc fp.ieo tljemftiues in fttclj fo?t bcfo?eljim,tljat inoeeD Ijig Danger tuas berp great : fo? 
 iotljtbe libtrtp oftljefeaiMas bjouglje into a narrow ftratgljt, anD ti)eujo?c being enemp coulo 
 
 Rrs 2 ' giug 
 
I9<5 Englilh Voyages,Nauigations, 7 be Madi e deDios tal^en. 
 
 giueljimnocomfojcof reltefe : fothat miflingtotQcBsbcIpconclpanDbtscocD fatlc, bethmft 
 
 reu'iniiarrac out trmn p,mcn 3 them ' n ft'S^ °f al1 t ^ c ' t fo ? cc > ""^ t0 thc rotable illulion o~f all their cunning, 
 SangEtoftsc tobtcbtljcpibeicucD to tbe Utterntcft, inlaying tbetoiapftrjhtsappjehemlcn, TButnotoi fir Iohn 
 &pamO)flc«t. Burrough Ijautngljappilp cfcapco their cloucijcs, fnming the coatt guarocD bp this fleet, ano 
 knotoiingit uias but folly to erpect a meeting tljere toiitlj fir Martin Fiobifher (toil;o bnoetttano- 1 
 mgof tljtsarmaoa nftojellasljtmfelfe, moulD be fare not to tome that toiay) beganre to u>peljfs 
 •ciiesienffe. courft co tije Azores accojoitig io fir W. Raleghs Direction, anDctmt in fight of S.Michaei.run-* 
 Michael. n j n g j- Q neEre jjp Villa Franca, tljat be migljt cafilp Difcerne tbe Chippe s iping there at anker. SDt" 
 S)ji»rstmiiii uersfmall rarautlsbotljljcreano betuicene S.Georges ano the IPtke in bis tontfe totoiaroFlo- 
 aups r^fetn. res lje , nterfC p Ceo -. of tobiclj no great intelligence fo? bis affaires cculo be bnperttoco. arriuing 
 bcfo?cFIoresbponCbutfoaptl)e2i of June, totoiarus cuentng , accompany onelp uitbcap= 
 taine Caufield ano tbe Spatter of Ijis fhtppe , the rett not beingpet artiuco , be mace cotoiarns tbe 
 Sana crux x fboje tomb his boat,finDtng all the people of of Santa Cruz.a billage ef that 3lano,in atmcs,fea* 
 a'i!o?H«af ringtbctrlanoing, ano reaDpmarfljalleDtoBrfcnotljeirtomnefromfpoile, feir John tontrari* 
 torife maoe fignes of amitp onto tljem bp aouancing a tthite flagge , a common token of peace, 
 tohichtoas anfuicreo againe of tljem toiitbtbe like : tobereupen enfueo tntercourfes of gcou 
 frienofljtp; ano pledges' uiere taken on both fiocs,tljc captaine of tbe triune fo? tbcm,ano captaine 
 Caufield fo? ours : fo that toiljatfoetter our men manteo, toiljicbtljat place coulofupplp either in 
 fre(h toiater,bictitale, o? the line, mastoerp toiillinglp grantee bp the inhabitants : ano goon leattc 
 bao tljep to reftefli tbcmfelues on fljoje as much ano as oft as tljep tocttlo toiitljcut rcflraint, 9t 
 ja'ete«oftt)e this Santa Cruz fir Iohn Burrough mas tnfojmeo, tljat tnoceotbeie tolas among them no erpec- 
 caa3ntnaii ration of anp fleet to come from the22Jett, but from tbe<2att, that no longer Dnce then tbjer 
 napes before Ijis arriuall a carak mas patfeo bp fo j Lisbon, ana that there toicre foure carafes moje 
 bebinor,ofoncconfojt. Strlohnbeing nerpglao of this nemrs,ttapeb no longer on fbojr, but 
 pjefcntlp imbarqueo Ijimfelfe , Ijauing onelp in companp a fmall barke of th?ecfco?e tunncsbe* 
 longing to one Sg). Hopkins of Briftoll. 3!n flje meanetoibile that thefc things thus pafleoat Flo- 
 restart of the rett of the Cnglilh fleet,to)ln'ch fir Iohn Burrough fcao left bpon tlje coatt of Spaine, 
 rjjetnalfototoatostrje Azores ranotoirjereasbequicklpatfeabaBOifcottereocneoftljecarakiS, 
 tbe fame eucning be might oefcrp ttoo o? thjee of t!;e ^arle of Cumberlands fljips (toljereof one 
 s|. Norton mas captaine) tohicrj hatting inline fo?t kennco tbe carak, piirfiteo Ijer bp that coutfe 
 toiljicb tljep fatoi Ijer to rttnne totoiaros the Jlancs, ^But on no Goe teas tljere anp toiap maoe bp rea* 
 fonofagrcat calmetojbic^peeloe»nob?eatl)to fpjeauafaile, anfomuibtljatfitlptooifconei: 
 tier tobat fhe toias.of toihat burtfcen,fo?ce,anti countcnance,fir Iohn B urrough tooke bis boatjann 
 rotoeo the fpacc of thjee miles, to make yer eracelp : ano being returneo, be confulteotoulj the 
 better fo?t of tlje companp then pjefent, upon tlje boo joing ber in tlje moaning. 2But a berp mtgb« 
 tp flojme arifing in tlje night, tbe ejetremitp tbereof fojceo tfjt m all to to?ep ankt rs , pet ttjeir care 
 toias fuclj in ni?ettling toiitlj tbe toieatljcr not to lofe tbe carak.tljat in tlje morning, tbe tempeff be* 
 tng qtiali6eB,aiD our men bearing againe toiitlj tbe ujo?e,tbep mtgbt perceiue tiit carak berp neere 
 tbclanti, ano tlje lpo?titgalsconfufeDlp carrpingonujojefucbtljings astl;tpcoHlDanpmanerof 
 map conutp out of fjer ; ano feeing tbeb^fif our menmaoeto come bpon tljem, fojfooke Ijer : but 
 | SsSSom ^ ctt ' ^ at "o^^S* 1 "^^ De lf ft comntoDtous to ourmen, fet fire to tbat toljicb tbep coulonot carp 
 lam m. rui toiitbtljenijititEnDing bp tljat meanes toibollp to confume ber; tbat neitber glo?p ofbicto?p no? be« 
 nefit of Ibtppe migljt rcmaine to ours. 3no leatt tbe appjocb ano inouflrp of tbe Cngliuj fljoulo 
 bitng meanes to ertiugutttj tlje flame, tbere bp to pjeferue tbe rtfioue of tbat tobicb tbe fire ban not 
 nettropcO; being foure bunDjeD of tljem in number ano toellarmeo, tljep intrencljco tbcmfelues 
 onlano fo neere to tlje carak, tljatfhe being bptbeir forces pjotecteo,anti our men kept aloofe off, 
 tbe fire migljt continue to tlje confumption of tbe tobole, ^Lbis being noteb bp fir Iohn Burrough 
 anuiinojtftof befoone p]ouiceo a pjelent remeop fo?tbiS mifebiefe, Jfo? lanoing one buno^eo of fji0 men, 
 cor mm lans. to [j er£0 f mau? D i D f m , m ant) maD£ mo?e t ty n u?t jj ^(gb (0 fijoje , ano eafilp fcattcring tbofe tljat 
 
 p^efenteo tbcmfelues to guaro tbe coatt, be no focner lijetoi totoaro tbeir netoi trencljes!,but tbep 
 fleo tmmeoiatlp , leauing as mucb as tbe fire bao fpareo to be tbe retoiaro of our menji paines. 
 ©ere toias taken among otljers one Vincent Fonfeca a ipojtugall, Surfer of tbe carak, toiitb ttoJo 
 otbers, one an 9lmaineanDtbefcconoalotoi-Dutcbman,canoniers:to!bo refuting to make anp 
 toolttncarp repair of tbofe tbings toibicbboereDemanbeD of tljem, hao tbeto?turetb?eateneo, tbe 
 fearembereofat tbe latlto)?etteti from tljem tljts intelligence, that&ritbjn fifteenet»apestb?eeo« 
 tljer greater caraks tben tljat latelp fireo moulo arriue at tbe fame 3Iano :ano tbat beingfiue ca* 
 raks in tbe fleet at tljeir Departure from Goa, to tout, tbe Buen Iefus aomirall, tbe IMadre de Di- 
 os,tbe S. Bernardo, tbe S. Chriftophcro,ano tbe S.Cruz, (toihofe fortune pou Ijatte alreacp beam) 
 tbep ba" receiueo fpeciall commanoement fromtjje king not to touch in anp cafe at nje3lano 
 
 of 
 
The Madre de'Dios takgn. Traffiques andDifcouenes. 197 
 
 of S. Helena, tobere clje \Ba ? tint all carafes mtbcirrctuntefromtbcEalt India nitre altonpea 
 tillnoto tooonttoartiue torcfrelbtljemfelues toitlj toater anotoictuals. andtljc lungs reafou 
 teas; becaufe of the dEnglith men of toarrc, tobo (as be toas informed) lap there in mait to i:uer> 
 cept them. 3f thereto je tbctr neceffitp of toater ibould Djiue tljem to fi t fee fupply aup lutjcrc, Ije 
 appointed them Angola in tlje maine of Africa, tm'tlj o?der tljere to (tap onelp tlje taking in of toa= A nK ni. a iicm 
 terfdauorot^ei;icoiJuemceoftnfectionB,uirjeruiitot[;atbotIntituDcistian5crou(lpfiiutect. Cfjc ^"mvi»tt 
 laflrendeuousfoj them all toas t(je3|laud of Flores, tuljcw tlje kttitj aiTiireo tljem not tomiffeof ° ,,Bcc ' ,ra •• 
 bis armada thttljec fent of pttrpofe foi tljeir toafting to Lisbon, aiyon tins information fir lohn 
 D^coj to couif£Unemno;ti)i;tecancaineNorcon,captaineDouncon } tapta:8c Abraham Cocke, 
 tantaines Of ttyeefljips Of tl)e<ffiat!eof Cumberland, Sp.Tomfonof Harwich cap. Of the Dain- 
 ty of firlohn Haukins.oneof fit W.Raleghsfle«,and Sp.Chriftopher Newport cap.of the GoJ. 
 den dragonnetolpreturneofrom tbe Wert India.andotljcrs, E4jefc being affemblcoAecommus 
 nicated toitb them tohac be badtondecSoodoftbefdjefatocraminates.andtohat great pjefumpti* 
 una of tructb their relation did carp : toifbf ng that fiyafmuclj as q5od ? gooo fortune b«o brought 
 t&em together in fo soon a fcafon, the p tooulo [heto the tottcrmott of their inoeun js to tying thefe 
 Catterlings tonder thelee of ttje ffingliftj obedience, fipcreupon a piefcnt acco?o on all fides fol-= 
 lotoed tut to part companp o; leaue of tljofe fcas till time Ibould p:cfcnt catife to put their co:tful« 
 rations in crecution.^Dbe nejt dap herSpateSies gooo fljip tlje Forefight commanded bp fir Rob. 
 CroiTe came in to the red : ano Ije IikciiJtfe inr'ojnicD of the matter toas fconc Djrauicn into this 
 feruice, Cbus fir lohn toitlj al tljefe (bins Departing thence 6 oj 7 leagues to the eitett of Florcs, 
 ifjep fpjeao tbemfelues atyoao from tbe jftojtb to tlje <§»outlj, eclj (bip ttoo leagues at tbe leafiDt- 
 flam from another. T5p tobfclj o?aer of ertenfion tbep lucre able to oifcouer tbe fpace of ttoo 
 toljole Degrees at fea. an ttjis fojt tljep lap from tbe 29 of Suite to the tljitoof 3ugutt,tobat time 
 cap. Thomfon in the Dainty bad firtt fight of tbe huge carakcalleD tlje Madre de Dios,one of tbe 
 greateft receit belonging to tbe crotone of Portugal!. Wqz Dainty being of ercellent fatle got 
 the ftart of tbe rettof our fleet ,au5 began tbe conflict fame what to bet cott, toitlj the (laughter and 
 hurt of outers of bee men, SQttbtn a tobile after , fir lohn Burrough in the Robuckc of fir W. 
 Ralcghs.toas at banotofecond her, toljo faluted bee toitlj (hot of great ordinance, ano continued 
 tbe figbt toitljtn muffeet ftjot atttueo bp cap, Tom (on ano cap. Newport till fir R.Croflc bieead* 
 mti all of tbe fleet came bp being to leetoard, at tohofe arriual fir I.Burgh demanded of bimtobat 
 bias belt to bedouc,toho anftoeted, trjat if tbe carafe mere not boo?Deo (be niottlo recotter the (bw 
 ano ft: c berfelfe as the otljer bad done. dOberupon fir I.Burgh concluded to tntangleher ; and fit 
 R. Croffeppmifed alCb to fatten bimfelfe to ber together at tlje inttanc ,• inhfcb saas performed : 
 btt: aft era tobile fir lohn Burgh receiuing a fijottoitb a canon perier^nnertoatrr, andrcacpto 
 Ottfec, oefired fir R.C, to fall off, tljat be migbt alfo cleere btmfelfe,and faue bis (l)ip from (tnfeing, 
 JBhicijmit!) difficult? be aid ; fojtbotb the Roebucke and the Forclighc toecci'j intangted, as 
 to. C, mu cb adoc could tbep cleere tljcmfclues. 
 
 €be fame encning fir R.Crofle finding the carafe ttjen fure jd jatot'ng nere tbt 3Iland perfina* 
 Bed bis companp to boo jd ber agatne, 0? els there teas no hope to recouer her : tobo after monp 
 etcufes $ feares,toerebp btm tncouraged, and fo fell athtoart ber foielbips aflalone ; ano fa fcin« 
 nered ber failing trjattfje tea bad time to come dp to bis fuccour, 9 to recouer tbe carafe pet (be re« ctw Madn s e 
 tottered tbe land tajidfo totoaro tbe euenmg after be bad fought toitb her alone tb?eeho«resfin= Dios «an«K= 
 gle,m? lojo of Cumberlands ttoo (hips came top, 9 toitlj toerp litle loffe entrcd tottb fir R. Croffc, 
 toba bad in that time tyofeen their courages, ano made tbe affault eafie fo; the rett. 
 
 ^E-rje generallbauing difarmed tbe 13o?tttgals,and ttotoed tljem fo? betterferuritp on all fides, 
 6rtt bad pjefented to bis cpes tbe true pjopojtion of tbe toall bodp of this carafe,tobicb did tljen ano 
 map ttilltuai? p;oudfee tbe admiration of all men not fojmerlp acquainted toitb fuclja fight. 
 Td\xi albeit tbts firftapparance of tbe bugeneffe thereof pcelded figbts enough to entettaine out 
 mens epes ; pet the pit ifuil obiect of fo man? bodies flatne and difmemtyco could not but o?ato 
 tebmansepetofee, ano beart to lament, ano bands td bclpe tljofe miferable people , tobofe 
 itmmestoere Co tome toitb tbe biolence of (bot , ano pame made grieuous toitlj tlje multitude of 
 toomtdes, 59o man could almofttteppe uuttopon a dead carfeafc 0? a uloddpflooje , but fpeciallp 
 about the belme, toljerc berp man? of tbem fell fttddenlp from ttirring to dptng. jToji tbe great" 
 neffcoftbe flirrage requiring tlje labourof ttotlueo?foureteenemcnat once, audfomeofour 
 (bippes beating Ijer in at tbe Heme toitb tbeie ojdmance often times toitlj anelhotfietofoureoj 
 fine labouring on extber fioe of tbe belme ; toljofe roomes being ttillf urnifljeo toitb frelb fupplies, 
 andourarttllcrpttillplapingtopon them toitb continual! toolleps, it could not be but that much 
 blottdujould be (bed in that place, thereupon our (Senerallmoued toitb fingular commiferatt' 
 on of their mifcrp,fen't tbem b^is otone chpjurgions, denping t^em no poflible Jjelpe 0} reltefc tljat 
 
 Rrr j be 
 
tbiotfjecw 
 nig. 
 
 198 TheEnglilh Voyages^Nauigations, MadredeT>iostakgn+ 
 
 n?Anln&Ja>t lje D? anp ofbis company coulo affoojs tljem, among tlje rettof tl;iofe,toljofettat£ tbis cljance foao 
 maoe berp oeplojable , boas Don Fernando de Mendoca ©janu captaine anb Commanuer of 
 tljis Carafee : tu&o inoecD taas ocfcenbcD of tlje Ijoufc of Mendoca in Spaine; but being marricb 
 into Portugal!, liiteatljereasoncoftbat nation; agentlcmanb3cllu"ncfeenjnpcetes, iocflfpo* 
 feen, ofcomelpprrfonage, of gooD Cature,liut of tjaiu fortune* anijisreuerallfcrukesagainfj 
 tlje spoojtcs Ije toa? tnnfe tfifeen pnTone r , anb botij times ranfomec bp tlje king, 3!n a fojmec 
 bopagcofretuwefromtbe Eaft India !je baas ojiuen Upon tlje TSajcos 0? fanes ofluda ntretbe 
 roaflofCephala,beingtljenaIfo captainc of a earache Wljtclj tuas tljercloft, anD Ijimfclfe, tljougfj 
 efcaping tlje fca-nanger, pet fell into tlje Ijanbs of infioels on lano ; bubo fecpt l;im bncer long ano 
 grieuotts fcruuuoc. ©nee mo je tlje king carping a lotting reflect to tbeman,anb oefirous to bet 1 
 tcrljis coiiDition,iua.s content to let t)im trp Ijts fortune in tljis CsCetlpnauigatiotijatui cemmit* 
 teo bnto Ijtm t^c conourt of tljis caracfee , ttiljcrcin be boent from Lisbon ©f nerall of the Mjole 
 fleet, atttiintljatoegreeljaoreturneDjiftljcVice.rcycfGoaembat'HfBfo^PorcugallintljcBoii 
 Iefus IjaD not.bp rcafon of Ijts late office.bcne p?efcrreD,s®;r John intending not to aoce too mucfj 
 affliction to tlje afflictcs, mooucB britlj pitp anb compaffion of Ijnmaneimferp, in tlje cno refoUtco 
 frcelp to cifmiffc tljis captainc % tlje mote part of ljts follonicrs to tljeir o^ne co intvep.ar.b fc » tlje 
 fame pttrpofe betrotoco tljem in certatnc bcffels furnifljeb bjitrj all fewness of r.eccfiarp pjotufion, 
 ■Cljis bufineffc tljns btfpatcljeb,gooo leafure bab be to take fucb bicte of tlje goobs as coiurcnicncp 
 might affbojo, 8no tjauing berp pnnientlp (to cttt off tlje bnpjofuable fpoile 9 pillage torjereimto 
 Ije fate tl)« mtnosof manp inclineo) feifeo bpon tlje toljole to Ijcr S®aiefties bfe,afcer a ujoje $ flen» 
 bcr romaging 9 fcareljing of fuclj tljings as firft came to banc, be percctueb tljat $ tocaittjtoJoulo 
 arifetiotljing oifanfujerable to expectation ; but tljat tlje barietpanbgranittrcof all rid; rommo* 
 ties tooulo be mojetljcn fufficient to content botlj tlje acueutttrcrsbefire 9 tljcfouibitrs trauell, 
 3nb ijcre 31 cannot but enter into tlje coufioeration anb acfenotolcbgement of (Sods great fauo j 
 rotuarbs our naticn,bJljo bp putting tljis pur cljsfe into cur ijanbs Ijat lj manifeltlp d iff cue re tljcl'e 
 fecrec traces fj 3Inbian rtcljes,U)ljicfj ljuberto lap Rrangclpbioben, anb cunninglp ccncealeo from 
 bs; totjereof t Ijcre loas among fome fetu of bs fome fmall anb bnperfect glimfc onclp.toljicl) noba 
 is turneo into tlje b?oabligljt ef full anb perfect fenotolebge. C^lljerefcp it ujouId feeme tljat tlje 
 Ml of 35uD fo? our gooois (ifottrtoeafeneffe couloappjetjcnb it) to Ijattebs communicate toitlj 
 tljem mtljcfe Caft^noiantreafures, 9 bp tlje erection of a tafulltrafftfce to better our meanest 
 to acttanr e true religion anb Ijis Ijolp feruice. Ctje caracfee being in burben bp tbe tutmation of 
 tljeniifcanDctpcneiiceDnoUffetljeii 1600 tunnesljabfull poo oftljofeffotoeDtotttjttjegroffe 
 bulkc of marcljanbifc, tlje reft of tlje tunnage being allotoen, partlp to tfje o?binance lubiclj boere 
 3 2 pieces of bjaffe of all fojts, partlp to tlje paffenaers anb tlje bictuals , bJljicb coulb not be anp 
 fmall quantitp.confioering tlje number of tbeperfonsbetb)itt<5oo anb 7oo,anbtlje length of tlje 
 nattigatioiu <<&a gt'ue pott a tafle (as it n>ere)of tlje commobities , it ujall fufl'ice to beltuerpott a 
 gencrall particularicp of tljem, accojoing to tlje catalogue tafeen at Leaden hall tlje 15 of &ep= 
 tcmbcr 1592. SKIjere bpongooDbtetoituiasfounb, tbat tlje principal! tuares after tlje tetoelsi 
 (bJbicljbjerenobottbtof great baluctljougbtljepnetiercametoligbOcpntlffeb of fpiccs,o?ugges» 
 filks/alicoSjquiltsxarpcts ano colours,? c. l 5tbefpicestocrepcpper J cIoues,maccs, nutmegs, 
 cinamom,grceue ginger : tlje omgs mere beniamim, franfemcenfe,galiiigale, mirabolans, aloes 
 ^ocotrina^ampljire : tlje fJIfeSjOamaffeSjtaffataSjfarcencts^ltobanbs.tbatiSjCottntcrfeitclotb of 
 golt»,unto?ousljt China filft^GcaucDfilhcto^ttc ttuiflcD filhe^curleD cppjcfTe,. "SDIje caltcostoere 
 bcofe-calicoSjCalico-launc^bjoatjbobttccaltcos.fineflarcljeticalicoSjCOurfeteljitecalicos^jouine 
 bjoaDcalicos,b?ob)ne ccutfe calicos, <Ebere tocre aifo cancpics,anb courfetiapcr-totoels.quiltiES 
 of r ottrfe farccnet ano of ca!ico,carpets like tljofe of ^urfep ; luberunto are to be atbeb t&e pearle, 
 muf fec,cittet 3 mm amber-griece. %i>e refl of tlje iuarestoere manp innttmbcr.but Ieffe in balue % 
 as clcpljants tcetlj, po?cellan beffels of China, coco-nuts,bibes, eben-toooo as blacfee as iet,bcb« 
 fleos of tlje fame, clotb of tlje races of trees berp Crangefo? tlje matter, ano arttficiall intoo?fee* 
 manujtp, 311 tuijiclj piles of commobities being bp menof appjioueb iubgementtatebbat mrea* 
 fonablc fo?t amountco to no Eeffe tben 1 50000 li,aerltng,uibicb betngoiuiDeb among tlje abuen* 
 tttrcrs (boljereof !jer ^paiettp boas tlje tljiefe) uiasfufftcicnttopeclD contentment to all parties. 
 'Cljc carga^on being tafecn out,ano tbe geoos fraigljteD in ttnnc of our fljips fent fo? London, to 
 tbe eno tljat tlje bign£ffc,lieigt(j,lengtb,b?ebtlj, anb otljcr bimenfions of fo tjuge a bcffell migljt bp 
 tlje eract rules of (Scomctricall obferuations be trttlp tafeeu, bct& fo? pjefent fenotDleBge,anb oe* 
 riwation alfocftljefanif bnto poflerttp, one S^. Robert Adams,amaninljtsfacttltp of ttcellent 
 ffetli, omsttcbnotljuigintljebefcripticn, toljicbeitljcr tjisarteroulDbemonlrrate, ojanpmansi 
 ittBK.mcnttijinkebJoo?tbptljememc?p, Sfterancrquifitefurucpcftlje.toljolefnmelefcuno 
 tlje Icngtb from tbe beak-bean to tbe fleme fuibereupon xm erecteb a lanteme) to containc 1^5 
 
 foot 
 
 SSbjicff cflta* 
 
 lognt of print' 
 Bjb ricfl coir- 
 inoBiciteofJ 
 Madi« dc Dios. 
 
 <Z\)e tflpacim 
 
 RUE t;!)U-31fi» 
 
 dr'dc Dim. 
 
'TheCinque Llaguas fired. TrafTiques,and D ifcoueries ^ 199- 
 
 caiu a tin vio. 
 !«,ojttiewby 
 not 1. 
 
 foote, ^hebjeaDthmtljefeconoclofeDeche whereof fteljao tb?ec, this being the place tohere 
 tijerc was mod ertenGon of bjeDth,toas 46 foot ano 1 o incljes.g>he ojtcw i« tor.ter 3 1 foot at her 
 Departure fromCochiain lndia,buc not aboue 26 at l)cr arriitall in Dartmourb,beinglicj;htet»D 
 in her bopagc Dp Diners meanes.fome 5 foote, 'tilje carteo in height 7 fetterall ft o^ies, ene malne 
 S)?^op J tb?eef^ofeDeckB,onefo?e-cafiIe,anDafpa^oecfeeofttooflooJesapiece,'(^^lJeIenojtIJOft^)^ 
 fceclctoas 100 foote,ofthe matne-matt 121 foot, ano thecircuite about at the partners 1 o footc 
 7t ncljes, the maine-patD teas 1 06 foote long,15p tohiclj perfect commenfuration of the parts ap= 
 peareth the ljugenefle of the toljole/arrc bepono the moulo of the biggeft fbipping ufee among us 
 citljcr fa? ttiarrc j rcceit. 
 
 Don Alonfo de Ba^an (jatring a great jfleetanDfufferingtljcfettoo caracks, the SantaCruz 
 to be btirnt,anD tbe Madre de Dios to be taken, toas DifgraceD bp Ijis pjince f 0? this negligence. 
 
 The firing and finking of the ftout and warrelike Carack called 
 Las Cinque Llaguas 3 or, The fine Wounds, by three tall Ships fee foorth at the 
 charges or the right honorable the Erie oiCumberland and his friends : Wrktcnbythe 
 difcreet attti valiant captaine M.Nicbolas'Dorvnton, 
 
 112 the latter enoc of tlje peere 1 59 j.tfjertght IjbnouraWe Crleof Cum- 
 berland, at bis otone charges anD Ijis fricnDS, pjcparcD 3 fljips all at cquall 
 rate.ano cither of them bao lifce quantttie of Mentals, miDltkc numbers of 
 men,t{jcre being cmbarkeD in all 3 fhips 42 o men of al fo? % &?je Roial Ex- ostGbet tttft 
 change luent as aomtraif, inherent £©, George Cauctoac captaine, €lje ^^ pimfrf 
 May- flower Utcef.DmtrallbnDer tlje ConDttCt Of William AnthonicrflnD tlje 
 Sa'mpfon, the charge tofjereof it pleafeD his honour to commit Unto me Ni- 
 cholas Dounton.SDut Dircctionstocre fent bs to Plimmouth,anD toe lucre to open them at fea. 
 
 ^Ije Git of 8p?t!l i 594 toe fct faple in the founo of Plimmouth,Directing our cottrfe totoarD 
 tljeeoaitofSpaine. 
 
 %\)Z 240ftljefapDmonetljatthe aomirals Direction toee DiuioeDourfelttcs<£ aff anD ?23ett 
 from cch otljer, being tljen in the Ijet'gtlj of 43 Degrees, tottlj commatmDement at night to come 
 together againe. 
 
 Clje 270a? in tlje mowing toeBefcrieu tlje May-flower anD the title Pfcmalfe tot'tfj a IPn'fe 
 tljat tbep IjaD taken, being of Viana in Portugal!, anDbOttno fo J Angola in Africa, t£hts Ii5arke 
 mas of 28 tunnes,ljauing fome 1 7 perfonsin tlje fame. ®here toere in Ijcr fome 7 2 'Buts of Ga- <ffommet>itt«i 
 liciatoinc, tohereof toe tooke into etterpfljippealtkepart, toitlj fome Kullu: in thefts anD bar* fitf0 ' AD s° u = 
 relB,toitlj 5 buts of bleto cottrfe cloth, anD cercatne cottrfe linnen-clottj foj |3cgros fhirts, tohic|j 
 . gooDS toere DiuioeD among our fleet, 
 
 -She 4 of Spap toe Ijao ligljt of sue pinnatfe, antftlje Storm'tals Shallop toljttl) IjaD taken tljjee 
 Portugall Caraucls.toljcrcof trjep IjaD fent ttoo atoap anD Kept tlje tljitD, 
 
 r EbefeconDof3I«ne toe IjaDltgljt of S.Michael. 'Eljetljiro Dap in tlje mojnfngtoee fent cue 
 fmallpinnaffc'ttibicljtoasoffome 24 tunnes,toith tlje fmalli£araucll tohiclj toe baD taken at tlje 
 Burhngs to range the roao of all the gianos.to fee if tbep coulo get anp thing in tlje fame:appoin= 
 tingtlj m to meet Ds W.S.W. 1 2 leagues from Faiall. tztheir going frombs toas to no purpofe, 
 •SbcpmiucD commingeaDS toljS toe appointeD,as alfo toe miffeD tljem,tobcn toe IjaD great catife 
 toljauevfeDtljcm, 
 
 'STrjen of 31un*toemettoitljamigljtteCaracRoftl)e€aff Indies, calleDLas cinque Lla- 
 gas,oi The flue wounds. ^Ije May-flower toas in fight toitljljerbcfojenigljt, 31, in tlje Samp- 
 lon/etcljtD (jet bp in tlje eucning,anD as 31 commanoeD to gitte Ijet tlje bjaao fiocas toe terme it, 
 toljile 3 ttoo&vierp beeDfullp p?ping tottfeouer Ijer Crcngtb : anD torjere 31 might gitte ccunfel ta 
 bco^ijerintljenig;ljtii)bentljeaDmirallcamebptobs,anDas31 remanberattljeberp firtt (hot 
 Diz DifefjnigeD at bs,31 toas ujot in a litle abotte the beflp, toherebp 31 toas maDc bnferutceable fo? 
 agooDtobilcafter,toithottt toucljing anp other fojtljat nigljt. J?etbpmeanesofanhoncft trtte- 
 ^earrrD man tohtch 3] hao toitb me, one captaine Grant,notljing toas ncglcctco : bmill miDnigljt 
 tolienthe SDmirall came bp,the May-flower, anD tlje Sampfon nctter left bpturnes toplp Ijec 
 toith cljctr great omittance ; but then captaine Caue toifbeD bs to flap ttllmo jntng, at toljat time 
 eatlj one of us fbotslo gtue Ijer tb?ee bouts toitlj our great o?ainf.nce; ffo (houlD clap fjer a boo jd ; 
 to in ceeD it toas long ItngereD in the monting tottill 10 of tlje clocke before tore attcmptcD to 
 ijoojaijec, ©)edDmiraUIaiDheraboo?DintljemiDf{npr thcMay-flowercommingiip in tlje 
 tjuarceivis it irjonlo feeme.tolie at the fierne of tlje SJomirall on the iarbocjD fioe , ^Ije r ?ptatne 
 oftljcfapD May-flower toas flainc at tlje rtrllcommingbu : toherebp thefljip fell totljefleme of 
 
 • tlje 
 
loo Engliib Voyages,Nauigations, Tbe Cinquo Chagas fired. 
 
 ',l)E Gi!>licacot'tlje CuacfejlubicbCbcingapteceof timl)cr)(o toouiuico l;cr fo?efatlf,tbat tbep fapo 
 tbep coulo come no mo jc to figbt,3 am fare tbep did not ,but feept alooff from os» Cbc Sampfon 
 tocut aboojo oti the boto,but bailing not roome cnougb.our quarter lap en tbe Exchages boto,am> 
 ourbotoeontbeCaracksbotoe, ^be Exchange alCb at tbefirftcommingbaDber captaine 9p, 
 Caue ujo t into bo t b tljc If gs, tbe one tobereof be neuer recouereo.fo be fo? tljat pjefent iaas not a* 
 ble to Doe bis office,anD in his abfence be bad not anp that toottlo am ertakc to leao out Ijts compa* 
 nptoenteropontbeenemie . S*9pfrieno captaine Granc did IcaDmp men on tlje Caracas file, 
 tobicb being not manfullp backed bp tbc Exchanges mentis fojees being fmal,maDe tbe enemte 
 boloer tben be tooulo baue bene, ixihcrcbp 3i baD fire men picfen tip fiaine ano manp mojc Ijurr, 
 tobicb maoe tbem that remaineo bnbttrt to re turtle aboo?D,and tooulo neuer mo? c giue tbe aflault. 
 3 fapnot but fame of tbe Exchanges inenotD Uerp toell, ano manp mojc (no Doubt) tooulo baue 
 Done tbe Iifee,if tberebao bene anppjineipall man to baue put tbem fo jtoaro, anD to baue b?ougbt 
 all tbe company to tbe figb t »auo not to baue run into corners ttjrmfclucs. 15 u 1 3i mutt neeDS fap, 
 that tbeir u;ip toas as melt p jouioeo fa j ocfence,as anp tb at 31 baue feme. 3no tbc Portugalsper* 
 aouenture encourageobp our flacke toojking, plaieotbe men aiio bao j&arricaoog male, tobere 
 tljepmigbt Qano toitbouc anp Danger of our ujot, 'SDbcp plieo bs alfo b'erp mucjj toitfc fire, fo tbat 
 moft of our men toere burnt in fome place o } otbert $ tobile odr men toere putting out of tbc fire, 
 tijep mould euer be plpmg tbem to itlj fmall ujot o j oarts . dris bnufuaU rafting of fire did muctj 
 oifmap manp of our men ano maoe tbem D?am backe as tljep did. ZU ben toe baD not men to enter, 
 toe plicD our great ordinance mucb at tbem as bigb bp as tbep migbt be mounteD , foi otbertoife 
 toe did tbem title bartneano bp (booting a piece out of our fojetattle being clofe bp ber, toe fireo a 
 mat on ber beak-beao,tobicb mo?e ano mo je kinoleD, ano ran from tbence to tbe mat on tbe boto- 
 Ip?tt,anD from tbe mat bp totbetooooof tbeboto-fpjit, anD tbence to tbc top-faile patD, tobfcli 
 fire mase tbe Porcugals abaft in tbe (hip to ftagger.ano to make ujeto of parle. IBut tbep tbat ban 
 tbe charge before encourageo tbem,making fljeto.tbat it migbt cafi'.p be put out, ano tbat it toas 
 notbing.c^bereupon againe, tbep Hood fliflp to tbeir Defence. 9 none tbe fire greto fo ftrong.tbac 
 afatottbepono aIlbelpe,altboug^ibebaDbenealreaDppceloeDtoBS, CbetitocBcfirerj to be off 
 from ber,b«t baD litlc bope to obtaineour Defice ; ucttertbelefle toe plieo toater berp mucb to keep 
 our u>p toell, Jinoeco jmaoe litle otber reckoning fo?tbeflrip,my fdfe,aridDiucrs hurt men, 
 tben to baue enoep tbere toitb tbe Carack.but moft of our people migljt baue fauco tbemfewes ut 
 boats. 9 no toben mp care toas moft, bp Sods pjouicence onelp, bp tbe burning afunoer of ouc 
 (p^itfaile-paro toitb ropes ano faiie,ano tbe ropes about tbc fp j it faile-paro of tbe Carack, tobete* 
 op toe toeref aft intangleD,toe fell apart,toitb burning of fome of our failes tobicb toe baD tben on 
 boo^D.'Cbe Exchange alfo being fartljec from tbe fire, aftertoaro toas mo ?c cafilp clearco, anB 
 fell offfrom abaft, &no as foone as (Sod baD put bs out of Danger, tbefire got into the fo?e-ca« 
 8le,tobere,3i tbinfecuias fto?e of Bcniamin, ano fucb otber like combuftible matter, fo; it flames 
 anoranoueralltbeCarackataninftanttnamaner . Cbe Porcugals lept ouer-boojo in great 
 numbers. *&ben fene 3 captaine Gram toitb tbe boat, toitb leaue to Dfe bis o tone Difcretion in fa* 
 oing of tbem. g>o be brought me aboo jo ttoo gentlemen, tbe one an olo man calico Nunc. Velio 
 Pereita, tob ! c:j(as appear etlj bp tbe 4 chapter in tbe fir ft booke of tbe toeojtbp W o?p of Huighen 
 de Limchoten) to 3i3gotiernour of Mozambique ano Cefaia, in tljepcere 1582, ano fince tbat 
 «mc baa bcueliketoifc a goucruour in aplace of importance in tbe €aft Indies , 9no tbe ujippe 
 toberein be toas comming borne toas caft atoap alitle to tbe &aft of tbe Cape of BuonaSperan- 
 za,ano from tbence be trauelleo ouer-lano to Mocambique,ano tame as a paflengcr tn tbis €a- 
 rack, ^be otber toas catleo Bras Carrero, ano toas captaine of a Carack tobicb toas caft atoap 
 neere Mc^ambique,ano came liftetoife in tbis (Ijip fo; a paflengcr, 9lfo tb?ec men of tbe inferio; 
 fojt toefaueotn otirboat,onelp tljefe ttoo toe clotbeo ano bjougbt into England, ^bereft tobicb 
 toere taken bp bp tbe otber (hip boats,toe fet all on fljo;e in tbe 3lle of Flores, ercept fome ttoo 0; 
 tb?ee^egcos, tobereofone toas bo?ne in Mozambique, anoanotber intbeCaft Indies. %%{& 
 83b t to as open oft* tlje <§>ouno bet toe enc Faial ano Pico 6 leagues to tbe &>outbtoarD.3Dbe people 
 tobicb toe fauco tolDDStbattbecaufetobptbeptooulonotpetlOitoaSibecaufetiiisCarack toast 
 fo; tbe king,ano tbat (be bao all tbe gooos belonging to tbe king in tbe countrep fo? tbat peere m 
 ber, ano tbat tbe captaine ofber toas in fauour toitb tbe bing, ano nt bis rcturne into tbe Indies 
 fljoulo bane bene tticerop tbere. 3no toitball tbis (bip toas notbing at all pcftcreo neitber toitbttt 
 boo?onor toitbout,anotoasmo?elibeaff)ip of toarrethen otbertoife : mo?eouer,(bebaftbeo?Dt* 
 nance of a Carafe tbat toas caft atoap at Mocambique,ano tbe companp of ber, toge t be r toitb tbe 
 companp of anotber Carack tbat toas caft atoap alitle to tbe Catttoaros of thcCapeof Buona 
 Speranza.gettb?ougb ficknefle tobicb tbep eaugbt at Angola,tobere tbep toaterco.tbepfap^je? 
 feac not notoaboaeijotobicemen,butj!3egrosagreat manp. ^plikctoifeaffirmeotljattbc!*- 
 
 Ijas 
 
The Toby caft away . -Traffiques, and Difcouenes. 201 
 
 ljaDtl)?ecnoblaMeaanBtb^cIaOi£B.Tll)ec,but toe fouiwcbcin to Differ w molt otttjcirtaike, £U1 
 tfats nap ano all the night flje btirneD, but tlje nert mcjiung ber pouloer toliich teas lotoetf being 
 dobarcdsblcWljerabjoaoJotijatmoflof trjcfljiiJDiofummnpactsalioiictbc water, feome 
 ot tljemfap, that (be teas bigger tben tlje Madre de Dios , ano fome a that (he toas leffe : but (be 
 toas much bnoermatteD, anobm-erfailcD, pec flje lucnt toell fo? a fijip tijac roas fo foulr. /£be 
 (hot tobicb luce mace at bit in great ©finance before we lapDebci'ab30?omigi-tbeatfcucK 
 bouts tobicb toe Ijao, ano Are 0? 7 foot at a bout, one toitb another, for.»e 49 ftot i ttjc time toe lap 
 aboojo might be ttoo homes, ^be ujot tobfeb toe oifchargcD aboo^o tbe Carack might be fome 
 ttoentie &m#. Snc ttjus much map fuffice concerning our Daungercus conflict tottb tJjat bn* 
 
 fimunate Carack. . , 
 
 %helatt of June after long rrauerUng of tbe fcas toe bao fight of another mightieCarack, 
 tohtcbDiuerfc of our companp at tbefirfttookcto be tbe great %. Philip tlje 3onurail of Spaine, 
 but tlje nert bap being tlje firfl of julp fetching ber bp toe perceiuco Ijer vmw, to be a Carack, 
 toljicb after fome feto fljot beftotoeb bpon ber toe ftimmoneb to peelo -, but tbep ftanoing ttoutly 
 to their Defence btterlp refufcD tbe fame, 32Ibcrcfo;ic feeing no gooo coulo be none toitljout 
 boo?otng her 3 confulteo tohat courfe toe fljoulD take in tlje booking. Ti5ut bp reafon that luee 
 tobicb toere thccbiefe'Eaptaines toerepartlpflaincattopattlp toounDco in tbe former, conflict, 
 anD becaufe of tbe murmuringof fome Difo?eereD ano cotoarolp companions, our ualiant ano re= 
 fqlute Determinations lucre croffeo : anD to conclude a long oifrourfe in feto too-soes.tbe Carack; 
 efcapeo our hanos, after tbisattenoing about Coruo -jFloresfoi fome (DEleu3JiiDianpurcliafe, 
 ano being DifappointeDofourerpcctation,anDbictual0grotoingfl)o?t,toereturneDfoj England; 
 
 tobere 3 arrtueo at Porteimouth tlje 28 of 3uguft, 
 
 The carting away of the Tobie neere Cape Ejpartel corruptly called 
 
 Cape Sprat without the Straight of Gibraltar on the coaft of Barbaric 1593. 
 p '•**&**** * Cpe Tobie of London a flji'p of 250 tunncB manneD toitb fiftie men,tlje otonet 
 
 = lf totjereoftoaStljetoOlUJtpfUll Sg),Richard Staper, being bOUnD fo? Liuorno, 
 Zante anD Patras in Morea, being laoen toitb marcbanti[?e to tlje "oalue of 1 1 
 c? 1 2 tboufanD pounba fterling,fet faple from Black- wall the 1 6 Dap of Sugutt 
 1 5 9 5 ,am>toetoent thence tToPortefmouth tobere toe tookc in great quanti* 
 'tie of toljeate.anDfetfapIefooitljof Stokes bap in tlje 3lile of Wight, tlje 6} 
 oap of ©ccobcr,t[je tomDe being faire : ano tbe 1 6 of tlje fame monetlj toe toere in tbe beigtb of 
 Cape •%♦ Vincent, tohete on tbe nert morning toeDefcrieo a faple toljicb lap in trp right a beatf 
 off bs, to toljiclj toe gaue chafe toitlj berp mucb totnoe , tlje faple being a Spaniard , tofcitbj toee 
 fouuD in 5ne fo gooD of faple tbat toe toere faineto leaue ber ano giue heroucr, SDtoa D^gt'aftec 
 this toe hao fight of mount Chiego, toljiclj is tlje firttbigij-lano toljiclj toe oefcrie on tlje &pamu> 
 coaffattbe entrance oftbe^traigljt of Gibraltar, tobere toe IjaD berp fouletoeatber anD tlje 
 totnoe fcant ttoo Dapes together, t)ixz toe lap off to tlje fea, "Che Spatter , tobofe name toau 
 George Goodlay, being a poungman, anD onetoljicb neuer tooke cljnrge before fo? tljofcparts, 
 toas berp p:ouD of tljat cljarge toljiclj he toas litle able to Difcbargc,neitljer tooulD take anp cotm* 
 fel of anp of bis companp,but oiD as he thought bell bimfelfe,g: in tbe enD of tbe ttoo Dapes of foule 
 toeatber c all about, anD tlje toinoe being faire, bare in toith the liraigbts mouth, "She 1 9 cap at 
 night he thinking tljat he toas farther off tbe lano tben Ije toas,bare faple all that night,? an Ijoure 
 anD an halfe befoie Dap IjaD ranne our fluppebpon the grouno on tbe coafE of Barbarie toitbout the 
 flraight foure leagues to the g>outh of Cape Efpaitel. SEibeteupon being all not a litle aft onicD, 
 the SpafterfaiDbnto bs,3p?appoufoigiueme;fo?tbisismpfaultanDnomanselfe. "£be com* 
 pan? afkco Ijim toljetljer thep fijoulo cut off the matne matte : no fapo tlje Scatter toe totll Ijopfe 
 out our boate. 'But one of our men comming fpeeailp bp, fapo, §>irs, tlje fljtp is full cf toater, 
 toell fapo the Spatter, then cuttbemapnc-maaoucc boo?D : tobicb thing toe oio toith all fpceoe, 
 QSttt.the after part fuooenlp fplit a funDer in fuch fo?t that no man toas able to CanD bpon it, but 
 all fleb bpon the fo?ematt bp into tlje Q)?otiDs thereof, anD bung there fo? a time : but feeing no« 
 thing but pjefent Death appjoclj ( being fo fuooenlp taken tijat toe coulo not make a raft tobicb* 
 toe hao DetermuteD ) toe committeD our feluesbnto tlje JLo?D ano begannetottbDoleftill tune ano 
 heaup hearts to Cng the 12 pfahne, Upelpe )ro?Dfo?gooDanDgoDlpmenfc.l!?otobeitbcfo-ietoe 
 ^.id fimfbeD foure ber i'es the toques of tlje fea Ijao ftoppeo the bieathes of mott of our men. Jf 0? 
 the fajematt toicb the toeigbt of our men 9 the fo?ce of the fea fell Dotone into the toater.ano bpon 
 the falithereof there toere 3 8 Djotoneo, anD onelp 1 2 bp ©oospjouiocncepartlp bp f toimmtng 
 anootljetmeancgof cfjeftsgoteonu)oare,tohi£btoas about a quarter of a mile from tlje tojacbe 
 
 of 
 
2332, TheEiigfafh V o/ages,NLauigations f ? be^fobteca/iaWay, 
 
 orthefrjip, tlje matter calleo George Gcodlcy, aiu>Wi;fc-dmPair))erb,ani8te, bsibpcctuj^o* 
 cq, Csiaralfo being captame ano owner Uias likeluife oyolunco : none of tbc officers inert' f<s« 
 tiea but tbe carpenter, 
 
 (tile ttociue toljicb tljc Lojd Ijao oeliuereo from e rtreme Danger of tbe ;§>ca,at cur ccir.miitg &-- 
 
 fbojc fcilinamaneriiuo as great DiGreiTc. at our firftconmungon ftjojeojc all fell Dotoncon 
 
 our knees, paring ttje lojo mo2 bumblp fo? i;is mercifull goooneffe. £>ur pjapers bemg Done, 
 
 toe confulteo together tobat tourfe to tahc,feeing toe toere fallen into a ocfert place,* toe craueU 
 
 leo all cbar Dap Onttll ntgbt,fomctimes one toap ano fomutimes anotbcr.ano ceulo fuiDe no hinDe 
 
 of inhabitants ; onelp toe Cam toljere toiloe beaGs Ijao bene, ano places tebcre tbere Ijao bene bou* 
 
 fes,toljicb after toe percciueo to baue bene burnt op tljelPojtttgals. &o at mgljt falling into cer» 
 
 tamegroues of oliuc trees , tocclimeo tip ano fate in tbem co attoio the Danger of lions anD otljec 
 
 toiloe beaCs, tobereof tuc fato manp tljenert morning, tljenert Dap toe trauelleo onttlltbjee of 
 
 tlje clocke in tlje afternoons toitljout anp fcoo,but toater ar.o toiloe Date roots : tben goingcucr a 
 
 mountainc, toe bao fight of Cape Efparcel; tobcrebptoeknetofometoljat better tobicbtoapta 
 
 rraurli, ano tben tue toent fo jtoarD ontill toe came to an beogeroto maor toitb great long rancs; 
 
 toe fyieo ano lockeo oner tt.ano uibelo a mimbt r ot men aftocll bojfemen asf fcotmen,to tlje mint* 
 
 ber of fome fiwe tbaufano iiifktrmiuj together toity final! fljot ano otbertoeapons. 9no after con* 
 
 fultation toljat toe toere beft to Do, to c concluoeo to peelD our felues Onto tbim, being Dctticute of 
 
 allmeanespfrcfiitance. ^orifing bp toe marebco totoarD tbem , tofco cfppingOs, fco;thto:t() 
 
 fomebunDjeD of tbem teich tljur tauclngs .n tljeir IjanDs came running tctoatrs tie astbeugb. 
 
 tbtp tooulD baue run us tbototu : botobett tbcp ouclp i roake os flatling toitt; tbeir toeapons, ano 
 
 faia tb.'t toe toere £>paniciros : an? toe toioc tbem tbat toe toere CEngltujmen ; tobiclj tbep tooulo 
 
 not beleeue yet. TBp anD bp the conflict being cnDeD, ano night appjoebmg , tbc captaine of tlje 
 
 SPao?es,a m-m of fame 5<5pcr»s olDc,camebimftlfcontoOs,anobpbisinterp?etojtoljicbfpake 
 
 3tauan,afkeDtohattoetoere,auDftomtobrnce toe came, ffine Thomas Henmer of our rompa- 
 
 np toljicb caulD fpeake 3t aIian,oecl reo bnto bim tbat Uietucrc martbants,anD Ij-to bp great mif= 
 
 f jjtunc our fljip, marcljanoife, $ tlje greatefi patt of our companp toere pit ifullp caG atoap Opon 
 
 tbdr coatt. But be boio of Ijumainttp 9 all manbooo, fo? all tljts,raufcD bis men to flrip bs out of 
 
 our apparell eutn to ourftYrtato fee tobst monep ano ieteels toebaD about os : uljiilj tobentbep 
 
 |jao founo to tlje oaltie of fume aoo pounos in goloe ano pcarlcs tljep gatie bs feme of our apparel 
 
 agame , ano b?eao ano toatcr onelp tu comfort bs, i£be nett momingtljcp carrico os ootonc to 
 
 tDCftjo^c tobcre our ftippcto^scaBatoap,toljicbtoas fome firtecne miles from tbat place. 3ln 
 
 toljicb lourncp tbep Dfeo as like tbeir flaues , makingos (being ertreamc torakc) to carrp tbeic 
 
 fluffe, ano offering to beat tis if toe toent notfo fail as tbep. aiieaf&cBtbcmtobptbcpbfeDtoJ 
 
 fo : aijD/ tbep replico, tbat toe toere tljeir taptiues : toe fapo toe toere tljcir frtencs^ , ano itj.it lijrre 
 
 teas i".eu^iCnilinjman captiue to tlje kingof Marocco. ^>o toe came Dctonc to tbe Ibip, ano lap 
 
 tbere wit lj tbem fc uen Dapes.toljtle tbep bao gotten all tlje gooos tljep coulo, ano tfcen tbep parteB 
 
 itamougtttljem. after tlje eno oftljcfe feuen oapes tlje captame appointee ttoentpof bis men 
 
 toel atmeo.to b?ing OS Dp into § cotmtrep : ano tlje fitB nigljt toe came to ttjc Doe of a tiut r calico 
 
 A'arnch, toberf toe lap on tbe grafft alltbat n:g(it : fotbe new Dap toe toent ouer trje ritiet in a £1 v 
 
 gate of nine oarcs on a ftoe,ti;e riucr being mtljat place aboue a quarter of a milcbjoao s ano tbat 
 
 Oaptoctoenttoatoto'ieofljirtpboufes, calleo Totteon : tberetoe lap fou e capes batting no» 
 
 t^mgtofeeoonbutbnaDanotoater; anot entoetoenttoatotone calleo Cafluri , anDtberiuie 
 
 tocri oeliUcrecbptbiXe ttiientp foulDicrp tmtotljc Alcaide, toljicb etamincooetobat toe toere: 
 
 ano me ' oloe ijim. l^e gaae os a gooc aiftuercano fent bs to tbe Jieojes boufe.totiere toe lap ft» 
 
 titti oapes. 31n tlje meant toljiletbat toe lapljere, tbc re tof re b?ougbc tbitbetttoentp fepaniarDa 
 
 a 10 ttoentp .frenchmen, tobici ^pan-aros toere taken in a conflict en lariD,but tlje jf rcntbmen 
 
 toere bpfouletoeaUjercaConlauotoitbintbe^traigbts about Capede Gate, anD fomaoe cap« 
 
 tmes, Cljus at tlje feuen Dapes enD toe ttoeltie €ngliujmen , tlje tteelue jfrencb , ano tbe 
 
 ttoemp!§>paniarDs toere all conouctco totoarD Marocco toitlj nine bunDjcDfoulDiersbrjtfemen 
 
 ano fotmen, anD in ttoo Dapes icttrnep toe came to tlje riutrofFez, toberetoeloegeo all nigljt, 
 
 bemg pjatiiocD of tents, dje nert Dap toe toent to a totone calleo Salle, ano lap toitljout tlje 
 
 totone in tents, jf ram t'jencc toe tratiellco almofi an Ijuiio?cd miles toitljout raising anp totenc, 
 
 but eucrp nigljt toe camctofrefrtoater , toljicljtoaspartlp running toater ano fomettmerame 
 
 toater. &o toe came at Iatttoitljintljjcr miles of tbe citp of Marocco , toljeretoepitcljeo out 
 
 tents : anD iljcre toe mettetoitb a earner tobicb Dio trauell m tlje countrep fo^ tljei£nglifij mar* 
 
 cljants-. ano bp bim toe fent too?o onto tbem of our ettate : ano tljep returnee tlje nertoav unto 
 
 bsa^ooje.tobicbbtoHgljtbsotctualSjbcingattbatinflantoerpfeebleanDfjmigrp^nDtottljr.n 
 
 fent os aletter toictj pcn,tnke,ano paper,toiliingos to tojite onto tbem tobat fijip it toas tfjat toas 
 
 ca« 
 
The Queenes letters. Traffiques and Difcouenes. 203 
 
 tad atexp, ano boto many ana tohat ii.cn there Mere aline, $Yo} faio thcp xuc tooulD fcuotoe tottS 
 fpe cd , foi to moioto ts tl)e Kings court : mid therefore toe tooulo knoto/o^ that pott ftjottlo come 
 into the tide iihe captures, lout foj rill that toe lucre rarricD in as captincsanD toitlj ropes about 
 our necKes as tucii Cnglifij as tlje jFrencb a:it> ©paniarDs. SnD fo toe lucre cnrrieD licfcje the 
 king : ana iBtjeri toe came bifojc r)fan be did commit bs all to toaro , toherc toce lap 1 5 napes in 
 cMc piifon : auc in tl;c cno toe tocre clcareo lip the (Englifti 90archants to their great charges: 
 fdimirodiuer.mcecofit'jcm 700 ounces, euerp ounce in tljat count rp cotitapntng ttoo (billings, 
 Sno toitCn toe came out of pjifon toe toen: to the Qlfanmca , tobere toe continues eight toeehes 
 toitr^tl)e>£no.liio maccOauta. 9c the enn of which time being toell apparellco up tlje tiountie of 
 our marchants toe tocrc coiuiepco cotone up the fpace of eight capes lourw p to S. Cruz , tohere 
 tin <£ngU(ij mips roatntoljere toe toohe dipping about tl;e 20 of sparcbjttoo in tlje Anne Francis 
 of London, anofiucmo?e of u.sfiucDapesaftenn tlje Expedition of London, ant) ttoo mo?e in 
 a f Irmiib flic-boat, ant) one in the Mary Edward alfo of London , otljer ttoo of our number 
 died in the countrrp of tlje bloooie-flurc t tlje one at our futt impjifonntcnt at Marocco,torjofe 
 name todS George Hancock, atlQ tlje Otljcrat S.Cruz, toljofcname toas Roberc Swancon, 
 tobofe Benti) toas battened bp tatinj of rootes ana ocljcr unnatural! things to (Take tijeir raging 
 hunger m our trauatle, ann fcp our hare ann rolo looging in tlje open ftclns luictjout tents, djus 
 of fiftie pevfons though the rafljnclTe of anJjnfktlfufl l Jj9atTer ten oiulp furuiucD of DS,flnD after 
 a tboufano miferics returnee Ijome pao je, ficfee, ann feeble into our couiierep. 
 
 Richard Iohnfon. Thomas Henmore, 
 
 William Williams Carpenter, IohnSilueftcr, 
 
 Iohn Durham. Thomas Whiting, 
 
 Abraham Roufe. William Church. 
 
 Iohn Matthe wef, Iohn Fox. 
 
 
 The letters of the Queenes mod excellent Majeftie fent by one 
 
 Laurence Alderjey vp to the E mperour oiAethiopia, 1597. 
 
 Inuictiffimo potentiisimoq^bajjenorum regi, magndq. 
 vrriuiq; Aethiop* imperatori &c. 
 
 'Lizabetha dei gratia Anglia; , Francis , & Hibernise regina, fidci dffenfoi 
 I &c, fummo ac potentiflimo yEtbiopia? imperarori falutem.. Quod ab omni~ 
 bus qui vbiuis terrarum ac gentium funr, rcgibus principibusq; prffftari par 
 \ &sequum eft, vt quanquam maximo locorum interuallo difliti,& moribus ac 
 l legibus difcrepantcs.communem tamen generis humani focietatem tueri & 
 < conferuare,iT)utusq; , vc occalio ferret, charitatis & beneuolcntia? officia ve- 
 lint exercere :ineonos deveflra fide a[quehumanicatefpemcertih r imamconcipientes,huic 
 lubito noftro Laurentio Alderfcio in regnum veltrum proficifcenti, hafce literas noftras, qui- 
 bus & nofira erga vos beneuolentia teftata fit, & ilium hinc profeitu efle conflet, potiffimiim 
 vobisindicandasdedimus, Quicumorbis cerrarum perfcrutandi cognofcendiq; ftudioper- 
 motus, multisantehacregionibusperagratis,iam tandem in easregiones, qua; veftrz ditionis 
 hint, longum , periculofuir.q; iter inftituat : cum ipfe exiflimauit , turn nos etiam fumus in ea- 
 dem opinione, adincolumitatemfuam,atqueetiamadgratiam apud vos,pltirimumilli pro- 
 futurum.fidiplomatenodromunitus, beneuolentia: nollra? & profeciionis hinc fuxtelrimo- 
 nium ad vos deferrec. Nam cum fummus ille mundi conditor re6torq; pra;potens deus, regi- 
 bus principibusq; quifuamvicemgeriint,orbem terratum,fuiscuique finibus prorata por- 
 tione defignatis, regendum atque adtniniltrandum dederit ; eoq; tnunere ius quoddam inter 
 cos fraierr.ar neceiTJcudinis, sternumq; fcedus ab illis colendum fanxeric : non eric (vt arbitra- 
 nrir ) ingracum vobis, ciim beneuolenti.-c noftra (ignificationem, tarn immenfa maris ac ter- 
 rarutn fpatia tranfgreflam , ab vltima Britannia ad vos in Acthiopiam perferri intellcxeritis, 
 Nobiiq; rurftis eriv iucundum,cum fubditorum noftrorum prsedicatione.ab ipfis Nili fontibus, 
 &abijsregiombus qua:ioli<curfumdefiniunt,fama veftrinominisadnosrecurret, Erit igi- 
 tur humanitatis veftra; huic fubdito noltro earn largiri gratiam,vt in ditionem veftram fub pre- 
 fidioactutela vtitri nominis intrare, ibique faluus&incolumismanere podit: quod ipfum 
 etiam ab aliis p:incipibus,per quorum regiones illi tranfeundum erit,magnopere petimus. no= 
 bisq; ipfis illud honoriscaufa tributum exiftimabimus : neq; tamen maiorem hac in re gratiam 
 poftulamus,quam vicifsim omnium principum fubditis.omniumq; gentium hominibus ad nos 
 cornnieantibusliberrimeconcedimus. Datum Londini quintodie Noucmbris: annoregni 
 nofiti tricefimo nono : annoq; Dom. I 5 9 7. 
 
 The 
 
204. The Englifh VoyagesJ^lauigatio^lbeQueenes letters. 
 
 The fame in Englifh. 
 
 To the moft inuincible and puiflant king of the^bajfens, the 
 mightic Einperour oiAethiopia the higher and the lower. 
 
 ELizabeth bp the grace of <8oD Queene of England , France atlD Ireland , befenDer of ttje 
 faith $c. Co trje moll rjiOjrj aim migbtie€mpcrourof Aechiopia greeting, tCJljerras it is 
 a matter requiUte aim nucll befecming all Kings ano p ?inces ofu-lj.u lanes 0? nations focttcr, be 
 tbep netter ("0 mud) Difleuereo in place ? Differing in cuftomes ano Iato es , to maintame ano p?e» 
 feme tbe common foctetie of mankmoc, ano, ass occafion Qjall be offeree, to per foim e mutuall du= 
 (test of ebaricie ano bencuolenrc : toe fo? that caufe conceiuing mod bnooubteo (jopc of pone 
 p?iiicelp Etoelitp ano courteGe, Ijaue giuen unto tbis our fubiect Laurence Alderfey int ciuiing to 
 trauell into pour Dominions, tbefe our letters to be Deliuereo toithout failetmto poiir^iglmcflr, 
 to tlje eno tbep map be a teStmonp of our goon mill totoaros pou ano of our fainc fubiect bis De- 
 parture from England. aUbo,after bis trauelsin manp f o?r en count rcps,bcing as vet enflameo 
 toit h a cfire mo?e cb?ougblp to furucigb ano contemplate tbe too?lD,anD note at length to totter* 
 take a long ano Daungerous 10 urnep into pour terr ito?tcs ano regions : botb tbe taps Laurence 
 thought, ano our felttcs alfo neemeo , tljat it tooulD beep much atiaile him , as toell fo ? bis otone 
 fafetleasfo?tbeattapm'ngof pourfauour, if, being pjotecteDtoirh our bjoaoteale, bee might 
 tranfpo jt totto pour pgbneffe a t cCimonp of our Iouing affection $ of bis Departure from hence, 
 4Fo?ficbcnceaImightie©oD tbehigbettcreatouranDgouernourof tbetoojlo bat b allot teo bnto 
 kings ano pjinccsbtsto'ccgercntsouer tbe face of the tobole earth, their Defigneo potions anD 
 limits to be tulcD ano aDmmiffrcB bptbem; ano bp this bis gift bath ettablilbeo among them a 
 certafnelatoof bjotljerlp kitujneffe, ana an et cm all league bp tbem to be obfietuet> : it toil! not 
 (toe hope ) feeme bnpleaf ant bnt pour bigbnefle, toben pou (ball baue intelligence of our Iouing 
 letters fentfo huge a Diftariceouerfca ano lano,euen from tbe fartbeflrealmeof England bnto 
 pou in Aethiopia. ©11 tbe other (toe our felues (ball take great folate ano Delight , toben as bp 
 tbe relation of our otone fubtects , tbe tenotome of pour name (ball be b?ougbt touo bs from tbe 
 fountains of Nilus, ano from thole regions tobicb ate CtuateimDer tbe &outberne'&roptke. 
 Spapitclcafc pott tberefojeof pourp?inceIp elemencietobouebfafe lb much fauout on tbis out 
 fubiect,that be map, totter tbe fafeguarD ano protection of pour name, enter into pour bigbnefle 
 Dominions , ano there remainefafe anofreefrom Danger. (KJhicfj fauout ano couttefie toee Doe 
 iikctoife mod earned? requefl at tbe banns of otbet pn'nces , thjougb tobofe <§>eipion'es out 
 faio fubiect istopafle; anotoe (balletteemeit as Done bnto our felfe ano fo? our honours fake. 
 & i Ifreitfcet Do toe tequire anp gteatet fauout in tbfeiehalfe,tben toe ate boon the like occaflon 
 .3v sia mofl reaop to graunt unto the fubtects of all p?in cts ano tlje people of all j^ations, 
 ■ ai 1 1 rl c e ?.■-•' ■ ttaueiling into out Dominions. (Siuen at London tbe fife Dap of J2o-- 
 
 ttembet , in the tbittie ano ninth peete of out t eigne t anD in 
 Y , tjje peare of out tojDe 1597* 
 
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