148 CHU. and Ni. * * * Oi ^ UN!VERSITY_o L NORTH CAROlTnA BOOK CARD Please keep this card in book pocket 2-' no, 2 This book is due at the LOUIS R. WILSON LIBRARY on the last date stamped under "Date Due." If not on hold it may be renewed by bringing it to the library. DATE DUE RET. DATE Di RE1 ■9- W JAN 4 1983 ^F*r*; H»W 1 W 9 fl __. MAY 85 A P R 2 MAR 2 3 yt r APR 2 13%. ft > R g 1 "96 JUL 1 i ":q3 MAROq 2311 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill http://www.archive.org/details/historyofkingphichur IPtarg of l^fo-(SiTglitntr Uistnrg No. II CHURCH'S PHILIP'S WAR Part I t- 7 ■ . «■ , . Sije £)iston) King Philip's War By BENJAMIN CHURCH WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES By HE NET MARTTN DEXTER xL ■ ■ .... Boston JOHN KIMBALL WIGGIN MDCC'CLXV No. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1865, by JOHN K. WIGGIN In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts EDITION £foo S&unoreo anti JRftg Copies, Small ©uarta £fjtrt£=fioe, Engal ©uarto Press of John Wilson and Son JOHN GORHAM PALFREY, D.D., LL.D., WHO ADDS THE MINUTE AND PATIENT ACCURACY OF THE ANTiqUARY TO THE BROAD AND PHILOSOPHICAL INSIGHT OF THE HISTORIAN : AND WHO HAS, MORE FAITHFULLY THAN ANY OTHER WRITER, CONCEIVED AND DEFINED THE REAL POSITION OCCUPIED BY THE ABORIGINES OF NEW ENGLAND IN THE CIVIL AND SOCIAL SCALE ; Etjts CEtrition of a tjomcljj cut inbaluafcle Erart, HAVING LARGE REFERENCE TO THEM, Is, by Permission, most respeclfuUy Inscribed. PREFATORY NOTE. HE need of the literal reprint of so valuable a contribution to the history of New England as Church's "Entertaining Passages re- lating to Philip's War," has been widely felt; and the more, because the re-issue of 1772, from which all later editions have been copied, was defective in some important particulars affecting the use of the work as an historical authority. Two instances of this may be here particularized; viz., where (page 18) the words occurring on page 10, "and of the black Rocks to the Southward of them," offering an important hint of tli£ exact locality of the " pease-field fight," were dropped out altogether; and where (page 30) the words occurring on page 17, "in about a Months time," were reprinted "in about three months' time," thus seeming to hint an expedi- tion into the Nipmuk country in March, 1676, referred to by no other writer. The endeavor has accordingly been PREFATORY NOTE. made to put the purchaser of this edition in possession of as exact a reproduction of the original of 1716, as it has been possible for modern antique types and skill to do; the minuteness of the imitation having been designed to be extended to every misprint, mispunctuation, and even inverted comma, — of which the word " discocovered " (page 31, line 11 from the top), the word PI mouth (page 140, line 8 from the bottom), and very many other seem- ing blunders of the printers of this edition, will be found to be only faithful illustrations. In the Notes, the endeavor has been made to straighten the involved and crooked chronology from other sources; to identify the exact localities made for ever classic by their association with this rude warfare; to give some account, from contemporary records, of the various actors ; and, generally, to shed all possible light upon the narrative. Familiar with most of the country traversed over by the story, from a childhood that was fascinated by the graphic simplicity of Church's description of his cam- paigns, the Editor indulges the hope that he may have done something to aid future readers of these " Entertain- ing Passages " to comprehend them in their exactness of time and place and circumstance. The original, from which this reprint is made, — now a very rare volume, — was printed in small quarto, pp. 120, in Boston, in 17 16, by B. Green. A second edition, PREFATORY NOTE. itself now becoming rare, was published fifty-six years after at Newport, R.I., in 1772, by Solomon Southwick, in small 8vo, pp. 199. It is made clear from the Diary* of Rev. Ezra Stiles, D.D., (then Pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Newport), that he aided Southwick, and really edited the volume. The following extracts bear upon the subject; viz, — " 1771. Dec. 18. Correcting the press for Col. Church's Hist, of K. Philip's War in 1675. " 1771. Dec. 19 Reviewing Col. Benj. Church's History of K. Philip's War, 1676, at the request of the printer ; — adding English or present Names of places written in Indian names in the Original. Mr. Southwick is printing a Second Edition ; first Edit. 171S [iSzV]. " i77 2 - Apr. 9 Finished writing the Life of Col. Benja- min Church, to be affixed to the new Edition of his History of the Indian war, called K. Philip's War, now printing. He was born 1639, and died at Little Compton, Janry. 171^, ^Et. 78. " 1772. Apr. 10 Inspecting the Press." Dr. Stiles appended to the volume, also, an " Ode Heroica," which \N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg--, xi. 155] was composed by Benjamin Church of Boston, "Vendue- master," son of the old Colonel's son Edward, who was also a " Vendue-master," — as that age styled the useful person whom we call an Auctioneer, — and was father of Dr. Benjamin, of sad Tory memory. He not only glori- * This Diary is now in the Library Stiles was President at the time of of Yale College, of which Rev. Dr. his death. PREFATORY NOTE. fled his grandfather in a tongue unknown to the brave old warrior (although, as he wrote Dr. Stiles, " almost too old for such juvenile attempts; being upwards of 67"), but furnished the Do6lor with the materials for the biog- raphy of the Colonel. The glorification was as follows: — "ODE HEROIC A, " [a Nepote Hero'is composita] " BlOGRAPHIAE PRAECEDENTI AFFIGENDA SIT. « TV Tunc permitte Nepos Lector, magnalia Avi ejus, -i-^l Et vitam ut breviter caneret, quoq ; pauca loquendo, Traduce de veteri, celebrata et, versibus, ex quo Magnanimusq ; Heros frondebat : deinde locoque : Quo fuit intrepidus Phoenix, memorandus et ortus ! Agricola eece Pater manuum gaudebat in omni Tumve labore suo, nutritus frugibus Arvi ! Mater pauperibus curas, casusq ; relaxans, Omnibus afflictis passim mater fuit alma ! Numinis arbitrioq ; bono, sine murmure mentis, Acquievere, suis contenti sortibus ambo — Cordibus elatis, gratiq ; fuere Parentes, Filius ut talis mortalibus hisce daretur ! Qui patriaeq ; suae perluxit gloria longe, Donee erat viclus truculentae mortis ab ictu ! Duxburiae dictum est, Genioq ; fuisse beatum Oppidum, et exultans, tanto quod munere Martis Distinctum fuerat ! Vicinis majus ab illo ! Historicus supra probiter canit arma virumq ; Quiq ; erat in pugna multis, magnisq ; periclis PREFATORY NOTE. Expositus ! Natos nemoris fuscosve secutus Armipotens ; sylvas, Dumosq ; arbustaq ; densa Pervolitans, nigros scloppo ejus perdidit Angues Monstraq ; quos natura parens crudelia dixit ! Vicloriisq ; suis pacem stabilivit in Orbis Terrarum occasu — jam, jam sub vitibus omnis Hie sedeat salvus — terrore absente Mavortis ! Mortuus est Heros ! Nomen sed vivet in aevum — Spiritus ascendit Coelos, Jesuq ; triumphans ; Dum latet in tumulo corpus cum pulvere mixtum ! Sic cecinit Nefios Benj. Church, Sen." This edition was also adorned with what purported to be portraits, on copper, of Colonel Church, and of King Philip, both from the graver of Paul Revere ; of which more will be said in another place. The third edition of this winsome narrative was edited, fifty-three years later, by Mr. Samuel Gardner Drake, and was the first contribution of that since accomplished archaeologist to this department of Aboriginal research; in which, without injustice to others, it may safely be said that he has no superior. Travelling through the Old Colony in the summer of 1824, he, for the first time, saw \N.E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., xvii. 202], and became pos- sessor of, a copy of Southwick's reprint; and, circulating proposals, he obtained nearly a thousand subscribers for a new issue. He published in i2mo (Boston: Howe and Norton, 14, State Street, 1825), pp. 304; prefixing eight pages of Index, and two pages of Introduction, and adding PREFATORY NOTE. an Appendix of forty pages, comprising a brief sketch of the settlement of this country, of the Indian wars, &c, &c. It was mainly a reprint of Southwick'S edition, — the editor having then never seen the original, — with the omission of the " Ode Heroica," and the addition of a few foot- notes. It was embellished with a fancy portrait of King Philip, decidedly more prepossessing in appearance, and quite as authentic in character, as that of Paul Revere of a half-century before. The success of this effort was so marked as to induce Mr. Drake to prepare and issue a second edition (the fourth of the work), which he did, early in 1827, from stereotype plates; being among the first fruits of the ste- reotype press in Boston. This, also, was in i2mo, pp. 360. He added many more notes, and gave an Introduc- tion of five pages, an Index of six pages, and an Appendix of sixty-eight pages, of the same general character as that of the previous edition, but rewritten and enlarged. The old head, purporting to be a likeness of Church, was re-engraved for this issue, and other plates were added. All the (nominally new) editions of this work, from that time to the present, have been re-issues of this last; the plates having long since passed out of Mr. Drake's hands, and having been used by various publishers. The present is, therefore, the fourth reprint (fifth edition) of these " Entertaining Passages," and the first PREFATORY NOTE. from the original, — as well as the first which has not avowedly sought to amend the text. The map has been adapted from the State map, by the Editor, with great care, from his own personal knowledge of the ground; and he believes it to be a thoroughly accu- rate guide to all those localities which it purports to point out. The dates have been suffered to stand in Old Style, as written. The Publisher has sought to produce this copy, so far as possible, \n facsimile of the original, as well as in literal exactness; and the headings, initial letters, &c, &c, have been accordingly engraved for that purpose. It only remains, here, that just thanks be given to all who have aided the Editor in his labor : among whom he would gratefully mention the Hon. John Russell Bartlett, Secretary of State of Rhode Island; his Honor, Judge William R. Staples, of Providence; General G. M. Fessenden, of Warren, R. L; Richard Sherman, Esq., of Portsmouth, R. I. ; Mr. Henry M. Tompkins, the Town Clerk of Little Compton, R. I.; Hon. Williams Latham, of Bridgewater, Mass.; Samuel F. Haven, Esq., Librarian of the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester, Mass. ; Rev. John Langdon Sibley, Librarian of Harvard College ; and Mr. George H. Taber, of Fairhaven, Mass. Two gen- PREFATORY NOTE. tlemen deserve more special mention for the unwearied pains they have taken to aid the Editor in some portions of the work; viz., his friend and kinsman, Mr. Franklin B. Dexter, now Tutor in Yale College, to whom he owes the extracts from the Diary of Dr. Stiles, the identifi- cation of the site of John Cook's house in Cushnet, and other kindred helps; and the Hon. J. Hammond Trum- bull, Secretary of State of Connecticut, to whose disinter- ested and indefatigable aid much of what may be thought to be of special value in the work will be largely due. The Editor knows nothing about the Indian tongue; and the reader is desired to take notice here, once for all, that for all the interesting and valuable suggestions ha\dng reference to that, which are scattered through the book, his thanks will be wholly due to the learning and gen- erosity of that eminent savan. It has not been found possible — without too great enlargement of the volume — to insert herein the Second Part of the original work, giving " a further account of the Actions in the more later Wars against the Common Enemy and Indian Rebels in the Eastern Parts, under the Command of the aforesaid Capt. Benj. Church; " which makes sixty-six of the solidest quarto pages. That is in preparation, and will follow as a separate issue. H. M. D. Hillside, Roxbury, 15th July, 1865. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. N his preface to thefe " Entertaining Paffages," Colonel Church makes the apologetic remark, that " every particle of hiftorical truth is pre- cious." That remark has been conftantly in mind in the preparation of what follows, having refer- ence to events in the hiftor}^ of this limple-hearted, yet noble-hearted man. It would be more exa6t to ftyle what is here offered " Materials toward a Memoir," than fuch a Memoir itfelf. Moft of the official records in which various actions of his bufy life would naturally leave their footmarks, have been fearched, and their various references to his career have been gathered together and arranged chronologically here; fo as to put the reader in poffeffion of thefe fragmentary, yet faithful, evidences of what he was. The man himfelf has exhaled; but fome rude im- preffion of him remains in them, which may ferve as a matrix in which imagination may fhape fome image; INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. which, if far from being a reproduction of the perfon whom his cotemporaries knew, muft yet have some fac- limile lineaments. The humble office of the editor is to furnifh the mould; leaving to the reader the re-creative work. Benjamin Church was a fon of Richard. Richard came to MafTachufetts probably in the fleet with Gov. Winthrop;* was a carpenter by trade; 19 061. 1630, was propounded to be a freeman in the MafTachufetts Colony; in 1630, was at WefTaguffet and Plymouth; 2 Jan. 163! was freeman of Plymouth; 16 Feb. 163! hired William Baker to faw timber into boards for him; was "rated for public ufe " £1 16s. in March following, and £1 7 j. the next year; married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Warren, in 1636; was often a member of the "Grand Enqueft," and was occafionally made referee; ferved as fergeant in the Pequotwar; with John Tompfon helped build the firft meeting-houfe ( as fuch ) in Ply- mouth about 1637; lived at Eel-river; 9 April, 1649, fold his eftate there to Robert Bartlet for £25 ; was in Charlef- town in 1653, but finally fettled down in Hinghani, where he made his will 25 Dec. 1668, and died two days after, at Dedham, leaving at leaft nine children.f * Savage's Gen. Did. i : 3S6 ; Win- JV. E. Hiji. & Gen. Reg. xi : 154 ; Plym. for's Duxbury, 245; Deane's Scitu- Col. Rec.'w 6,8, 11, xii : 165, &c. &c. ate, 234; Mitchell's Bridgewater, 363; f Church fpeaks [2?. C. D. i : 91] of xvi INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. Benjamin was born at Plymouth in 1639, and was bred to his father's trade. No other circumftance of his early- life has found record. 26 Dec. 1667, — when at the age of twenty feven or eight, - — he married Alice, fecond daugh- ter of Conftant and Elizabeth ( Collier ) Southworth, of Duxbury; who was then not far from twenty-one, having been born in 1646. It is prefumed that their early married life was paffed in Duxbury, though it is probable that he was temporarily relident in various portions of the Colony, in the purfuit of his vocation. His firft appearance upon the Plymouth Colony Records is 25 Oct.. 1668, when [P. C. R. vii: 150] he is named as on a trial jury in the cafe of Jofias Winflow vs. Kenelm, and in that of John Doged. 1 June, 1669, lefs than fix months after his father's death, the Court granted him " land att Taunton River " which William Pabodie had taken up and then furrendered, \P. C. R. v: 20] "for full fatisfa6tion for all the right his father, Richard Church, deceafed, hath to land in this Collonie." 7 March 1670 \P. C. R. vii: 163], he was one of a petit jury at Plymouth for the trial of feveral actions. 29 May, 1670, [P. C. R. v: 275], his name appears upon the lift of Sarah, wife of James Burroughs, of publifhed lift of Richard's children which Briftol, tailor, as his filter, though no I have feen. [iV. E. Hiji. and Gen. fuch name appears upon the fulleft Reg. xi : 154.] c xvii INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. freemen of " Duxburrow," then tranfcribed by Secretary Morton. 5 June, 1 67 1 [P. C. R. v: 54], he was Conftable of " Duxburro." 30 Oflober, 1672 [P. C. R. vii: 174], he was one of a trial jury at Plymouth, for the fecuring of juftice in feveral criminal cafes. 4 July, 1673 [P. C. R. vii: 181], he was one of a trial jury at Plymouth for eight civil and criminal cafes. He alfo made return [P. C. R. v: 126], with John Rogers, Daniell Wilcockes, Conftant Southworth, William Pa- bodie and Edward Gray, that, purfuant to the order of the Court, they had bounded out " the fouthfyde of thofe lands formerly graunted vnto the inhabitants of Plymouth at Punckateefett" &c. At the fame time [P. C. R. v: 126], liberty was granted him with John Tompfon, by the Court to purchafe land of " Tufpaquine, the blacke fachem, and William his Son, for the inhabitants and propriators of the towne of Middleberry," &c. The proprietors were to have until the laft of the November following, to repay Church and Tompfon, and take the land; but it appears [Ibid, 146], that they failed to do fo, and that the Court, 3 June, 1674, granted Church and Tompfon " one third p* of the faid land, for theire cecuritie and evidence." 23 July, 1673 [Proprietors Records Saco7tef\, he met with the newly organized Company to purchafe and fettle the Saconet INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. lands; appearing in the right of Richard Bifhop and Richard Beare. Sometime in this year his oldeft fon Thomas was born. 10 April, 1674 [P. R. S.\ the Saconet company met at Duxbury, and Church drew the lots numbered 19 and 29. He proceeded during the fummer following to clear and erect buildings upon lot No. 19 (fee note 21 poft}. 2 March, 167I [P. C. R. vii: 195], he was on a trial jury at Plymouth, mowing that his removal to the very outfkirts of the Colony was not defigned, by him or by the Colonifts, to diffociate him from their conftant fervice. Church's own account of himfelf in connection with the outbreak of the war which now began to defolate the land feems to begin about 15 June, 1675 [note 14, pq/t\, but the "Brief!:' Narrative of the beginning and progreffe of the p r fent trouble between vs and the Indians," fubmitted to the Commiffioners of the United Colonies, by the Ply- mouth Commiilioners, in the November following, and which bears the marks of having been carefully drawn, fays [P. C. R. x: 363], "on the 7 th June, Mr. Benjamine Church being on Rhod Ifland; Weetamoe and fome of her Cheiffe men told him that Phillip Intended a warr fpeedily with the Englifh," &c. It would feem to have been about 15 June that he had an interview with Awafhonks and Weetamoe, as narrated in his own account, and went to Plymouth to fee the Governor. The Punkatees fight was INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. 9 July; 19 July the PocafTet Expedition began: in the laft of that month, Philip got acrofs Titicut river in the night, and fled for the Nipmuk country. 27 October [P. C. R. vii: 196], thefe warlike proceedings were interfperfed with a civil fuit againft Church, of Richard French of Marfh- field, Executor of the eftate of Richard Beare, claiming damages of \os, in an action of debt, concerning which the record is, " the jury find for the plaintiffe the coft of the fuite." The fecond week in December, Church fharts for the war again as " a Reformado " with Gen. Winflow, and on the 19th of that month was wounded in the famous Narraganfett fwamp fight, and carried over to Rhode-Ifland to be cured. 27 January, 1676 (note 140, pq/f), he ftarted with the army for the Nipmuk country; 29 Feb. (note i$2,pq/Z), he feems to have met with the Plymouth Council of War, at Marfhfleld; n-13 March (note i$9,po/f), arrived at Capt. Almy's, on Rhode-Ifland, with his wife and fon Thomas; 12 May, his fon Conftant was born; 6 June, he arrived at Plymouth by way of Wood's Hole; foon went back the fame way, faw the Saconet Indians on the rocks, and procured a formal meeting with AwafJionks, refulting in a treaty, and, 25 June, difpatched Peter to Plymouth with the "Articles"; met Maj. Bradford and his army, re- turned to Plymouth, and went to meet Awafhonks at Mat- tapoifett, 8 July; was commiffioned, and went out to INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. capture the Monponfets, 10 July; 24 July, had his cora- miffion enlarged, and ftarted to guard the carts to Taun- ton, whence he went to Acujlinet, and captured many prifoners, and returned to Plymouth by way of Sippican ; 30 July, ftarted for Bridgewater, chafed Philip over into the fwamps in Norton and Rehoboth, and took many prif- oners, with whom he got fafe back to Plymouth, 4 Au- guft; 7 Auguft, he "rallied" for Dartmouth, and by 10 Auguft ftarted for Pocajjfet woods, went over to the ifland, and down to Maj. Sanford's to fee his wife, and next morning killed Philip in the fwamp fouth of Mount-Hope, and got back to Plymouth on the 17th; early in Septem- ber, he fet his fuccefsful trap for Tifpaquin, and foon ftarted out once more after Annawon, whom he took on the night of 1 1 September. 17 October, the Maffachufetts General Court wrote to Plymouth [Afa/s. Col. Rec. v: 126] afking to be affifted againft the Eaftern Indians " with fome Englifh, & alfo fome of your Indians, and Capt. Church, whom we have fpoken with here & finde him ready to ferve God and the country, &c"; 1 November, he was appointed [P. C. R. v: 215] by Plymouth Court, with William Pabodie and Nathaniel Thomas, to lay out lands granted to David and Thomas Lake near Saconet and Pun- kateajl ; alfo, with the fame, to lay out fome lands in aid of a ferry at Pocajfet; while he and John Simmons are granted [Ibid. 216] a leafe for pafturage at PocaJfcL 4 November INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. [P. C. R. xi: 242], the Court ordered as follows: " Cap- taine Beniamen Church haueing; for and in the behalfe of the Collonie, engaged to feuerall Indians; about fiue or six; That incase they did carry well they fhould abide in this Jurifdi6tion; and not fold to any fforraigne p r tes; ac- cordingly this Court doth confeirme the faid engagement and doth hereby tollarate theire fhay as aforfaid; notwith- ftanding any law of this Collonie to the contrary; except- ing; if any of them mould appeer to haue had a hand in any horred murder of any of the Englifh p r ticularly ex- cepting one Croffman; whoe is accufed to haue had a fpeciall hand in the crewell murder of M r Hezekiah Wil- lett" 15 January, 167I, Capt. Church was commiffioned again by the Plymouth government, and went out again and [p. i8i,flo/Z] took "divers parties of Indians." 6 March [P. C. R. v: 225], the Plymouth Court granted leave to eight of Church's Indian foldiers to fettle at Saconet, he fupplying them with land, on condition that they hold themfelves ready for military fervice under him, " hee, fatisfying the Indians, to haue the whole prophett of fuch an adventure." 7 June \P. C. R. v: 234], he is author- ized to a6t as a magiftrate to iffue warrants, &c, at Saco- net and Pocajfet ; 13 July [Ibid. 242], he is recognized by the Court as agent of the widow of Daniel Haward, for the management of the lands of her late hufband; 30 INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. October [Ibid. 246; vii: 208], he was on a trial jury at Plymouth. 5 March, 167I, he was appointed by the Court [P. C. R. v: 252], with John Richmond of Taunton, to divide fome land at Saconet belonging to children of the late John Irifh; 5 July [/did. 265], he was empowered, by fpecial order, to adminifter to John Irifh the oath to ferve as con- ftable at Saconet. 8 March, 1 6 7 1 [P. C. R. vi: 7] he was re-appointed to be a magiftrate for Saconet and PocaJ/ct. 4 March, 1679 [Briftol County (Mafs.) Deeds, ii: 144], he buys of Arthur Hathaway of Dartmouth, for £16, one fhare in Punkateajl neck, with one fhare of the Court grant of which faid neck was a part; fame date [Ibid, ii: 146], he buys a limilar fhare of Edward Gray of Plymouth, for £12. 1 January, i6|f [Ibid, ii: 143], he bought a limilar fhare of Richard Wright, tailor, of New Plymouth, for 40^. Sometime before March of this year, with feven others [Proceedings of Mafs. Hijl. Soc, Sept. 1857, 238], he be- came a purchafer of PocaJ/et lands, and agreed to endeavor the well fettling of a plantation there, and to " joine with Succonnitt Proprietors in the calling of a Gospell Mineter & for his incouragement as to his outward fubfiftence &c"; 7 July [P. C. R. vi: 43], he was appointed, with Nathaniel Thomas and William Pabodie, " to bound out Tatamanucki s thoufand acres of land att or about Saco- INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. nett"; 14 Sept. \BriJlol, R.-L, Town Records, i: 26], he figned and fealed the " Grand Articles " for the fettlement of Briftol, R.-I. 1 March, 168^ [P. C. R. vi: 58], with Nathaniel Thomas and Edward Gray, he petitioned to have the lines run between their Pocaffet purchafe and the " freemen's land " at Fall River, and the Court ordered William Pabodie to do it; 7 July, 1681 [P. C. R. vi: 69], he was authorized by the Court " to cutt and cleare " a more direct way from Mount-Hope to Bofton, there being "great need" of one; at the fame Court [P. C. R. vii: 241], he, with others, by N. Thomas, their attorney, fued David Lake for £500, for interrupting them from quiet and peaceable pofTeffion of their Pocaffet lands; 1 Sept. \B. T. R. i: 46], the firfl pro- prietors of the Mount-Hope purchafe met (76 in number, " Capt. Benjamin Church" heading the lift), and agreed that the name of the town fhould be Briftol; 10 Nov. [B. T. R. i : 49], with N. Byfield and Sergeant John Cary, he was appointed to make a rate upon the new town. 7 March, i68i [P. C. R. vii: 247], he, with others, by N. Thomas, attorney, fued William Earle of Dartmouth for forcibly hindering the running of the boundary line of the Pocaffet purchafe; 22 May, 1682 \B. T. R. i: 49], he was chofen Deputy to reprefent Briftol in the Colony Court, and flrft Selectman for the year enfuing; 7 July \_P. C. R. vi: 93], he was commiffioned as a magiftrate, INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. and authorized to folemnize marriages; 27 06t. [P. C. R. vii: 257], he made an official return to the Court covering the teftimony of Wayewett (Awafhonkis hufband) and three other Saconet Indians, that to their knowledge the little ifland of Chejfawanucke (Hog Ifland) belonged to Majffafoit and his fon Wamfutta. 28 May, 1683 [B. T. R. i: 51], he was re-elected Dep- uty? 5 July \_B. C. D. ii: 146], with Wm. Pabodie of Little Compton, he agrees that the 23d lot at Saconet mould be his; 7 July [P. C. R. vii: 263], John Saffin, mer- chant, fues him for £100, for "darning a certain water- courfe into a coue on Poppafqua/Ji necke"; 24 Oct. [B. T. R. i: 54], he agrees with the voters of Briftol to make three wolf-pits in a month's time, and, with others, was clothed " with full power in the towne's behalf in refer- ence to rates now due from Mr. J. Saffin"; 31 061. [P. C. R. vii: 269], Saffin complained to the Court of him and his affociate raters of damage of £24 for unjuft afTeffment, but the Court found for defendants, and affeffed Saffin £4 5^-. cofts of Court; fame date, fame Saffin fued Church for £80, for the old caufe of " darning " his creek, and the jury found for Saffin £3 and cofts. 3 March, i68| [B. T. R. i: 43], he agrees with Nathaniel Byfield to maintain a fence of 393 rods in length, between their farms, each to build and keep in repair i960 rods; 9 Feb. 1684 [B. CD. i: 311], he buys of John Walley INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. and others, for £10, certain houfe-lots, &c, &c., in Briftol; 20 Feb. [Ibid. 309], he buys of the fame parties, for £87, feveral houfe-lots and other lands, with T V of a mill, and yV of the "ferry farm," in Briftol; 26 March [Briftol Births, i: 56], his then only daughter, Elizabeth, was born; 21 May [B. T. R. i: 55], he was re-chofen Deputy, and elected third Selectman; 16 Sept. [Ibid. 57], with Capt. Walley, he was chofen "for the ufing endeavors to bring £5, from next October Court of the Cape money for the Incourage- ment of a School-mafter "; 13 November [B. C. D. i: 50], he effected the divilion of the Haward land in Saconet, to which he had been appointed by the Court; 28 Novem- ber \_B. C. D. i: 181], he fells, for £45, to Rowland Rob- infon of Newport the 24th lot at Saconet, and 40 acres at Tyonfunbe. 23 June, 1685 [B. T. R. i: 62], he "difburfed" ioj. to help make up £5, to pay for the freight of the goods of "Mr. Cobbit, the fchoolmafter "; 22 September [Ibid. 6i ) ~], he was chofen one of three " raters," and one of a Town Council of five, " to join with the Commiffion officers ol this town by way of ordering concerns in any exegences relating to meletia affairs." 17 May, 1686 [Ibid. 68], he was chofen firft Selectman; 1 July [Briftol Births, &c. i: 18], his third fon, Nathaniel, was born (who died 29 Feb. following) ; 9 November [B. T. R. i: 70], he engaged "to deliver in four cords of fire- INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. wood for the Rev. Mr. Lee," to help make 42 cords; 18 November [B. C. D. ii: 271], he fells 20 acres of land at Saconet, for £11, to William Pabodie. 11 February, i68f [B. C. D. iii: 290], he buys ofW. Pa- bodie and W. South worth of Saconet an 18-acre lot, for £13; 4 May \B. T. R. i: 72], he was chofen the firft of four Selectmen at Briftol; 8 May [Rev. Dr. SheparcPs Tzvo Difcourfcs, 10], he became one of the original eight members of the Firft Congregational Church in Briftol. 23 January, i68-| [B. C. D. iii: 370], he buys of Seth Arnold of Duxbury, one-half of the 33 d lot in Pnnkateajl neck ; 19 February [Ibid, ii: 145], he exchanged with John Roufe of Marfhfield the 29 th lot (which was the fecond he originally drew) at Saconet for the 18 th (which adjoined the 19 th , the firft which he originally drew, and on which he had built his houfe there); 21 May 1688 [B. T. R. i: 73], he was chofen again the firft of four Selectmen at Briftol; 16 July \_B. C. D. i: 91], he buys for £100, a whole fhare of land in Little Compton, of Jonah Cook and Jofeph Harding of Eaftham; 29 September [Ibid. 97], "for the love, goodwill and affeclion which I have and beare toward my loving friend and Brother-in-law James Bur- roughs of Briftol, Tailor, and Sarah, his now wife (being my lifter) " he gave his " home-lot " on the corner of Hope INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. and Queen Sts. in Briftol,* being 131 ft. by 59 ft., with other lands enumerated; 17 October [Ibid, vii: 572], for £33, he fold to James Peckham, of Little Compton, lands in that town, and fame date [Ibid, iii: 326], bought of faid Peck- ham for £13, two lots in faid town; 21 November [Ibid. i: 338], he bought for £6, of Samuel Sanford of Portf- mouth, land at Little Compton; 28 November [Ibid. 1: 75], he exchanged certain lots in Little Compton for cer- tain other lots there owned by John Cufhen of Scituate; 6 December [Ibid, i: 75], he fold for £90, lands in Little Compton to Peter Tailer of Newport; 26 December, [Ibid. 82], for £24, he fold land at Little Compton to Mathew Ploward of that town. 24 January, i68-|- [Ibid. 81], for £16, he fold to James Cafe and Anna his wife, of Little Compton, 40 acres of land in that town; 6 February [Ibid, ix: 173], he fells, for 42^. a ferry lot at Pocaffet to William Wodel; 6 September [Entertaining PaJJages, &c. 56], he was commiffioned Ma- jor, and Commander-in-Chief, of Plymouth forces for the firft Eaftern Expedition; 7 September, 1689 [B. CD. iii: 368], he buys of William Fobes, for £10, a lot in Little Compton; 18 September [E. P. 59], received his inftruc- tions from the Commiffioners of the United Colonies, and * Rev. Dr. Shepard fays, in a note corner of Thames and Constitution to his Tivo Difcourfes, (p. 51) " tradi- ftreets, the ftone chimney of which tion fays that the old Talbee houfe, in only remains (1S57), was built by Col. this town, [Briftol] ftanding near to the Church." INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. fharted for Cafco; 21 September [Original letter of Church, in Mafs. State Paper Ojflce\ had an engagement with the enemy, in which eleven of his foldiers were killed and ten wounded; 13 November [Willis's Hifl. Portland 280], he had a Council of war at Falmouth, foon after which he returned home; 25 December [P. C. R. vi: 228], a com- mittee was appointed by the Colony to fettle with him and others " the charges of the warr, &c." and the Court ordered him 40^. a week and £10, over, befides what he might receive " from the Bay." 6 February, 16 9$- \E. P. 65], he wrote to the Governor and Council of Maffachufetts appealing on behalf of the poor inhabitants of Maine; 10 May, 1690 [B. C. D. ii: 66\ for £7, he fells to Edward Gray of Little Compton land in Sapowit neck in faid town; 30 May [Ibid. 147], he buys of Captain Chriftopher Almy of Rhode Ifland, for £11 \os n four thirtieths of lands left by the purchafers of Pocajfett, at Fall-river, for erecting a mill or mills; 2 September [E. P. 69J, was Commiffioned for the fecond Eaftern Expedition; 9 September [Ibid. 70], received his inftru6t.ions, and ftarted; was back to Briftol in three or four weeks ; 4 November [P. C. R. vi: 255], was appointed by the Court to take charge of a contribution propofed in the County of Briftol for the relief " of ye town of Wells & parts adjacent; " 27 November [E. P. 77], wrote from Briftol to " the Eaftern parts;" 2 December [B. C. D. iii: 369; v: 521], ex- INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. changed with W. Pabodie of Little Compton two lots in faid town. 8 June^ 1 69 1 [B. CD. i : 199], he fells to Nathaniel Byfield, for £50, one fixteenth part of PoppafquaJJi neck, being 43 acres more or lefs; 28 Auguft [Ibid, i: in], he buys of his brother Caleb Church of Watertown, " mill- wright," for £100, I32 _ 3° ths of Pocajffett purchafe, being 30 rods in breadth, " and containes y e river commonly called y e Fall-river & y e benefit of y e ftream, and y e ftrip of land deligned for y e ufe of a mill, or mills, with y e \ part of y e fawmill, &c. &c"; 23 September [Ibid, ii: 257], he buys for £70, of N. Thomas, of Marfhfield, lands at Saconet. 25 y-uly, 1692 [E. P. 82], he was commiffioned for the third Eaftern Expedition; n Auguft, had his inftru6t.ions, and ftarted for Penobfcot, — did what fervice he could and returned. 6 March, 1693 [B. C. D. vii: 154], he fells, for £21, to Samuel Crandall land at Little Compton; 23 May [Ibid, v: 11], he buys of W. Wodel, of Portfmouth, for £3, lands in Fall-river; 1 Auguft [Ibid, ii: 149], he buys of Thomas Burge of Little Compton, for £7 105., a meadow lot of 3 acres in that town; fame date [Ibid, ii: 142], he fells to faid Burge for £15, 40 rods fquare of land in the fame town. 29 January, 169I [Ibid, i : 282], he fells, for £34, to Daniel Eaton of Little Compton one fhare of the undivided lands INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. in that town; 16 February [Ibid, iii: 397], he buys of Benjamin Woodworth of Little Compton, for £10, mea- dow lots in that town; 20 April, 1694 [Ibid, vi: 177], he buys of Gerfhom Wodel of PocaJJet, for £3, lands at Fall-river; 23 July [B. T. R. i: 92], " Major Church " was chofen by the town of Briftol the firft of its 5 affeffors; 30 July [B. C. D. i: 97], he bought back, for £50, his " home- lot" in Briftol which he had fold (29 Sept. 1688) to his brother-in-law, James Burroughs; 6 September [Ibid. 385], he buys of Ifrael Hubbard and Jonathan Dodfon of Scitu- ate, for £150, one "great lot" in Freetown, " being the fecond lot from y e Fall-river." 29 December, 1695 [Ibid, ii: 21], he fells to Jofeph Ta- ber of Tiverton 80 acres at Nomquid, with a grift mill, and alfo 39 acres in Punkateajl neck, with other lots, for £360, faid Tabor agreeing to maintain the grift-mill, as Church had done, with the agents of the proprietors of Saconet. 23 March, 1696 [B. T. R. i: 96], Major Church was chofen Moderator of Briftol town-meeting, — the laft time his name is mentioned on the records of that town, indicat- ing his removal very foon after to Fall-river; 2 May [B. C. D. i: 290], he depofed that in 1680 he faw Hugh Wood- berry fencing " the nth lot of y e freeman's land," &c, in Freetown; 27 July [Ibid, ii: 217], he fells, for £18, to John Palmer, carpenter, of Little Compton, 40 acres of land in that town; 3 Auguft [E. P. 87], he was commiffioned to INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. go on the fourth Expedition eaft; 12 Auguft [Ibid. 88], had his inftruftions, and went out, returning in the Au- tumn. 18 January, ifff [B. C. D. iv: 390], Major Church " late of Briftol now of Tiverton"* — mowing that he had now become a refident of Fall-river — " for natural love " gives to his fon Thomas, of Briftol, feveral parcels of land, with a houfe, &c; 5 September, 1700 [Ibid, iii: 183], he buys of Jofeph Church of Little Compton for £100, feveral lots of land at Saconet Point; 20 December [Ibid, iii: 291], he buys of Latham Clark, of Newport, for £140, a whole half fhare of the freeman's lot at Freetown. 7 March, 170^ [Ibid, iv: 29], he with others, deeds land in Little Compton to William Hiliard; 10 December, 1701 [Ibid, v: 161], he buys of Henry Head of Little Compton, for £10, land in that town. 27 March, 1702 [Ibid, iv: 17], " in conlideration of nat- ural love and affection," he deeds to his fon Edward large tra6ls of land in Briftol, " his houfe on Hope St. & Queen St.," &c. &c; 7 October [Ibid, iv: 37], he buys of John Bayley of Newport, for £40, certain lands in Little Comp- * "His (Col. Church's) dwelling- Annawon St., near Pond St., from 50 houfe ftood between the prefent dwell- to 75 ft. from the former. The late ing-houfe of Col. Richard Borden, and extenfion of the Old Colony and Fall that of his brother Jefferfon, and re- River R. R. to Newport, paffes diredtly mained till within 40 years." FoAvier's through the premifes. \_MS. letter from Hiji. Sketch of Fall River, p. 19 [A. D. Hon. Jefferfon Borden.] 1841]. This was on the fouth fide of INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. ton; 30 O&ober [Ibid. 100], he buys, for £4 10.5-. of D. Wilcocks of Portfmouth, John Woodman of Little Comp- ton, and Thomas and Roger Cory of Tiverton, lands at Fall-river. 12 January, i7o| [Ibid. 67], "Lieut. Col. Church of Tiv- erton, i.e. Fall River, for £3, buys of Conftant Southworth -^ part of land for a Mill at Fall-river, with ~q of faid Fall- river; 16 January [Ibid. 99], he buys of Job Almy, of Tiv- erton, for £7 ios., "one fhare at Fall-river for a mill, &c." 5 February, i7o| [E. ^.99], Col. Church wrote to Gov- ernor Dudley, offering a plan for a fifth Expedition eaft; 18 March, he was commiffioned; 4 May, received his inftruc- tions, and fpent moft of the fummer on this bufinefs; 29 Nov. [1 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. ix: 205 J, a Congregational Church was formed in Little Compton which he is believed to have aided to eftablifh, and of which he remained a confiftent member to his death. 20 November, 1705 [Little Compton Town Records i.], Col. Church firft appears as if a refident for the fecond time in Little Compton, confenting to changes in the roads for common convenience; 11 April [B. C. D.iv: 415], he deeds to his fon Thomas a part of his Little Compton lands, with 10 cows, 100 fheep, &c; 20 July [Ibid, v: 100], he deeds to " my onely natural daughter Elizabeth Rofbo- tham, and to my fon-in-law Capt. Jofeph Rofbotham (her now hufband) of Briftol," lands in that town. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. 5 June, 1706 [L . C. T. R. 1], he was chofen Reprefenta- tive of Little Compton for the year enfuing. 3 February, \*jo\\B. C. D. v: 142], "for love, &c." he deeds to his fon Charles the 18th and 19th lots at Little Compton (that on which he built in 1674, with that adjoin- ing it, which, in 1688, he had fecured by exchange with John Roufe), with the buildings, &c. &c; 12 April, 1707 [Ibid, v: 214], " for love " &c. he deeds to his fon Conftant (after his own deceafe), the mill mares and mills in Tiver- ton, with lands in Freetown; 26 April [B. C. D. v: 162], " for love " &c. he deeds to his fon Thomas of Briftol, his houfe * (after his deceafe and that of his wife), called " the little farm," containing 120 acres, with other lands; 7 Au- guft \L. C. T. R. i.], he married at Little Compton, William Cuthbert and Mary Head; 18 September [L . C. T. R. i], the town voted him £18 *js. out of the town rate for his fervices as Reprefentative. 17 March, 1708 \L. C. T. R. i.], he married Edward Southworth and Mary Fobes; 24 March \_B. C. D. v: 343], he fold for £30, to Henry Wood, of Newport, land at Little Compton; May, 1708 \L. C. T. R. i.], he married * When he went back to Little Com- The fpot is now owned by Mr. George pton in 1705, or thereabouts, he built on H. Peckham. It is a little S. of W. the lots which he had long owned juft from the two Windmills which ftand fouth of AivaJJionks's; 1 mile fquare of near together on the road from Saconet referved territory [fee note 12 poJi\ Point to Tiverton, and is perhaps i| His houfe ftood back in the field; and miles S. W. in a ftraight line, from the the well, and traces of the cellar remain. Common. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. John Irifh and (his filler) Prifcilla Church; 23 June [B. C. D. v: 471; vii: 241], he exchanged with Thomas Burge of Little Compton lands valued at £40; 22 December [Z. C. T. R. i.], he married Amos Sheffield and Sarah . 29 January, i^of \B. C. D. v: 463], he buys of John Irifh, for £15, meadow land in Little Compton; 4 April, 1709 [B. C. D.v: 488], at the inftance of the government, he exchanged fome lands in Little Compton, to accommo- date the Indians; 6 September [Z. C. T. R. i.], he was chofen in Little Compton to the Grand Jury. 4 January, 17 10 [Z. C. T. R. i.], he married John Bailey and Lydia ; 16 May [Ibid.], he was chofen Repre- fentative of the town in the next General Court ; 28 September [Ibid.], he married William Shaw and Content Irifh. 24 December, 171 1 [Ibid.], he was allowed £13 4^. for his fervices as Reprefentative. 25 December, 17 12 [B. CD. vii: 462], "for love," &c. he deeds land in Freetown to his daughter and her hufband, Capt. Jofeph Rofbotham; and, fame date, [Ibid. 463] for £100, to the fame parties more land in Freetown. 24 January, 1 7 1| [Z. C. T. R. i], he married Samuel Tompkins and Sarah ; 23 February [B. C. D. vii: 583], for £15, he fold to his fon Thomas, of Little Comp- ton, lands in Tiverton; 18 March, 1713 [Z. C. T. R. i.], he was chofen moderator of the town meeting in Little INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. Compton; 25 September [Ibid.], he married William Briggs, jun., and Deborah Church; 16 November [Ibid.], he married Jonathan Blackman and Sarah . 14 January, 171I [B. C. D. vii: 480], "for love" &c, he deeds feveral valuable trails of land in Little Compton; 25 March, 17 14 [Ibid, viii: 583], he buys, for £33 i$s. lands in Tiverton of Samuel and Mary Snell; 31 March [Ibid, viii: 582], he fells, for £24, to William Wilbor, lands in Little Compton; 18 November [Ibid. 583], for £32 10s. he fells to Richard Ward and Lion Arnold of Newport, lands in Pocajfet. 14 April, 1 7 15 [Ibid, ix: 738], with Conftant, he fells land in Freetown to Thomas Turner; 7 June [Ibid. 451], for £6, he fells his fon Thomas land in Little Compton; 1 November [L. C. T. R. i.], he married Peter Taylor and Hannah Wood. During this year alfo he doubtlefs dicta- ted to his fon Thomas his " Entertaining Paffages." 8 April, 17 16 [Ibid.'], he married Samuel Coe and Mary Chadwick; 13 May [Ibid.], he married Jonathan Hilliard and Abigail Wilbor. 3 March, 171J [B. C. D.x: 637], he gave lands in Free- town to his fon Conftant, referving the right to improve them during his life; 20 June, 17 17 [L. C. T. R. i.], he married William Wilbor and Either Burges; 11 Septem- ber [Brijlol Marriages, &c. ii: 23], "Mr. John Sampfon and Mrs. Elizabeth Rofbotham of this town (Briftol) were INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. joined in marriage by Benjamin Church, Efq."; 13 Novem- ber \L. C. T. R. i.], he married (his laft couple) Thomas Tibbets and Elizabeth Wood. The account which was given by Dr. Stiles, on the au- thority of a member of the family, of the old Colonel's death, is as follows : — " the morning before his death, he went about two miles on horfeback to viiit his only [fur- viving?] lifter, Mrs. Irilri, to fympathize with her on the death of her only child. After a friendly and pious vifit, in a moving and affecting manner, he took his leave of her, and faid, i It was a laft farewell; Telling her, he was per- fuaded he mould never fee her more; but hoped to meet her in heaven.' Returning homeward, he had not rode above half a mile before his horfe Humbled, and threw him over his head: And the Colonel being exceeding fat and heavy, fell with fuch force that a blood vefTel was broken, and the blood gulhed out of his mouth like a torrent. His wife was foon brought to him; he tried but was unable to fpeak to her, and died in about twelve hours. He was car- ried to the grave in great funeral pomp, and was buried under arms, and with military honours." His monument — a huge flat ftone laid horizontally over the grave, fupported by ftones under each lide and end, INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. in the graveyard adjoining the Congregational Church in Little Compton — ftill bears the following infcription: — " Here lyeth interred the [body] of the Honourable Col. Benjamin Church, Esq. who departed this life, January the 17, 17135 in y e 78 yeare of his age." The Probate Record of his Eftate, is as follows : — The fifth day of March Administration Granted to Madam Allice Church on the Estate of Coll" Benja Church deceased [Bristol Co. Probate Records, iii : 363.] A true Inventory of Estate both Reall & Personall left by the jj on eawe Q Q \\e B en ja n Church Esq 6 Late of Little Compton dec d Taken by us the subscribers the 5 th day fteb ey 171 7-18 To his Sword and Belt 05 00 00 To a Cane & Gloves 00 12 00 To Wearing Apparell 28 15 00 To 2 Gold Rings if & 3 pair of Buttons 1 ! 10 : o all . 02 10 00 To one pair of Plate Buckles 00 15 00 To one Tanker one cup one Porringer & 2 salt sellars plate and seven spoons all weighing 42 Ounces 25 00 00 To a Case of knives & forks 00 08 00 To Sundry Books 02 00 00 To land in Tiverton one Six Score acre lot & half being 18 a c [acres] 1S0 00 00 To Two Gunns 03 00 00 xxxviii INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. To one Bed 2 Blankets one Rug curtains and Vallence & two Pillows and Bedstead &c 24 00 00 To one other Bed Bedstead and 4 Blankets or Cover- lids Two Pillows and Curtains 18 00 00 To one other Bed Bedstead Bolster & 3 Blankets . 12 00 00 To 14 pair of Sheets 21 00 00 To nine Pillow cases • 01 16 00 To two Doz of napkins & Towels 03 1 2 00 To 4 Table Cloathes 02 00 00 To three Tables 03 10 00 To one Cubboard 03 00 00 To six Chests 02 02 00 To seven Turkey worked chairs 04 02 00 To 16 Wooden Chairs 02 oS 00 Puter To 21 plates 1 17 o To 7 platters 3* all 04 17 00 To 11 Basons 1 13 00 & 3 Chamber Potts 8 s . . . 02 01 00 Tinn To one Collender one Cauldron & on Tea pott all . 00 03 00 Brass To one Chaffing Dish & one warmingpan . . . . 01 10 00 To two Kettles and one Bellmettell skillet . . . . 06 00 00 Iron To three Potts and one Kettle 01 10 00 To one spit 3 Andirons two pair of Tongs one fire shove two Trammels one hook and one frying pan all 02 02 00 To 8 Keelers 8 pails 3 Piggins 3 Trayes & one Sugar Box all 02 15 00 To 5 Cheese fatts one churn & 3 Cedar Tubs all . . 02 04 00 To one Mealtrough & Corrill & one Tray all . . . 00 06 00 To 3 Bags 12' to Earthenware 6 s & 12 Glass Bottles 4 s all 01 02 00 To two Ropes 6 s to 5 old Sythes 5 s To 3 old Iron hopps & 3 Iron Boxes 8' all 00 19 00 To a Bettle and wedges 6 s & 3 Sythe Snaths 3 s all . 00 09 00 To 3 hones 6 s one Bill hooke & 4 Axes 11 s all . . . 00 17 00 To Iron ffetters horse traces one Coller Harnes & old Iron 00 14 00 xxxix INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. One Hmmer & one square oo 08 00 One old Tennant Saw 2 pair of sheers & 2 p r of Stel- liards 00 oS 00 To one girdle 3 Stirupp Ii'ons & one Lanthorn all . 00 04 00 To three Riddle Sives 3 s & 14 old Cask — 1 08 3 all . 01 11 00 To 25 bushells of salt 3' 15." & 2 Cheese presses 8 s all 04 03 00 To 2 pair of Spinning Wheels and one pair of Cards 00 10 00 To 2 Barrills of Beef one Barrill of Pork . . . . 05 00 00 To nine Cows 54 00 00 To 4 heifers 20 00 00 To a pair of Oxen 14 00 00 To a pair of Steers 12 00 00 To one Bull 02 10 00 To Seven Two Year old Cattle 21 00 00 To a cart and Wheels 2 Yoaks 2 Chains & Clevis & pin 04 10 00 Two Iron Barrs and one Sledge 01 00 00 To Yarn and flax 03 15 00 To about 25° weight of Cheese 04 00 00 To 13 Bushels of Barley 02 00 00 To 2 old Barrills and Some Beanes 00 10 00 To Twenty Bushells of Oates 02 10 00 To about 40 Bushells of Indian corn 08 00 00 To one Tubb & Pork 04 00 00 To 2 Barrills of Cider if & three empty Cask 6 s . . 01 06 00 To one sorild horfs 12 00 00 To one black horfs 16 00 00 To the Collafh with the Horfs saddle & Brydle &c . 1 2 co 00 To one Bay mare 1 8 00 00 To 2 old ploughs and one Brake 01 05 00 To ten yearling Cattle 15 00 00 To 5 Swine 02 10 00 To a looking Glass and hour Glass 00 oS 06 To 3 Scivers one pair of tongs & pair of Bellows all . 00 05 06 To one pair of holdsters & an old Portmantle . . . 00 12 00 xl INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. To about 15 pound of Butter 00 10 00 To a Negro man Clothing and bedding &c . . . . 60 00 00 To a Negro woman clothing & Bedding &c . . . 40 00 00 To a Servant Boy called William Hood 10 00 00 To John Tomlin 03 00 00 To three rakes and Two pitch forks 00 06 00 To an Iron Bark 01 10 00 To a score of Sheep 06 16 00 To a Clasp Stale pan a pair of Specticles & Inkhorn 00 09 00 To Silver and Gold Buttons 02 02 06 To Cash 02 iS 06 To his Right in a Small lott of land Tiverton . . . 05 00 00 This Inventory was taken the day and year above written by us JOHN WOOD ^ THOMAS GREY i Prifers WILLIAM PABODIE ) [Bristol Co. Probate Records, iii : 381, 382.] To all People to whom these presents Shall come Know Yee that we who are the Children of our Hon ed ffather Coll e Benjamin Church late of Little Compton in the County of Bristol in the Province of the Mafsachuset Bay in New England dec d Who Dyed Intestate And that the law of this Province doth Provide that all Just Debts & funerall Charges shall be payd out of the Personal! Estate which will be a great Damage to our Hon ed Mother Mrs Allice Church who is Administra- trix to said Estate These are therefore to give full power and lawfull Authority to our above named Mother as Administratrix to our above s d Hon cd flathers Estate To Bargain Sell Alin & Dispose of all our Right Title Claime or Demand of one Six Score acre lot and one halfe in the Township of Tiverton in pocafet Purchafs the whole lot being the fourteen in num- ber and the half lot being the Thirteenth lot in number which lot and half being mentioned in the Inventory of our s d ffathers estate and is, f xli INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. Butted & bounded as by the Bounds of s d Pocaffet land may appear and that the whole sum of money which the above faid land is fold for shall be to help to pay the juft debts and ffunerall Charges of our s d Hon 6 ? Mather deceased as Witness our hands and Seals dated in Bristol this Sixt day of March in the fourth year of his Majties Reign Annoqe Domini ijjl Signed Sealed & declared THOMAS CHURCH (S) In presence of us CONSTANT CHURCH (S) Samuel Gallop CHARLES CHURCH (S) Joshua Bailey MARTHA CHURCH (S) JOHN SAMPSON (S) ELIZA SAMPSON (S) Bristol fs — March 20 th 1717 : 18 M r Thomas Church m r Constant Church m r Charles Church mrs Martha Church m r John Sampson & m rs Elizabeth Sampson Subscri- bers to the above mentioned order & Agreement Personally appeared before me Natha 1 Paine Esq r Judge of the Probate of wills &c within the County of Bristol and acknowledged the Same to be their free volun- tary Act and Deed NATHA L PAINE Entered March the 21? 17H By John Cary Register [Bristol Co. Probate Records, iii : 384.] A true Copy. Taunton, Dec. 15, 1864. Attest : A. S. Cushman, Register. I have only to add that no portrait is extant of the Col- onel, and it is extremely improbable that any ever exifted. None was offered to the public in connection with the firft edition of thefe " Entertaining Paffages," and he had been xlii INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. dead more than half a century when Dr. Stiles edited the fecond edition for Solomon Southwick. The diaries and correfpondence of the Doctor have been fearched in vain for any clue to the origin, or allufion to the character, of the copperplate engraving which accompanied that edition. Mr. Charles Deane [Proceedings of Mafs. Hift. Soc. March 1858, 293] has acutely fuggefted that it "was taken from a picture of Charles Churchill, the poet, with the addition of a powder-horn flung around his neck;" and a compar- ifon of the engraving with one or two pictures of that poet has given to his fuggeftion great weight in my mind. I imagine that Benjamin, the " vendue-mafter," who had fome literary culture, and who bulled himfelf in regard to the getting up of Dr. Stiles's edition, to the extent, at leaft, of writing the " Ode Heroica," remembering the face of his grandfather, and being ftruck with fome decided refem- blance between it and this picture of Churchill, engaged Revere to furnifh a likenefs of the Colonel bafed upon that of the poet. And the fact that there is a look to this day retained by many of the defcendants of the Church family very far from being unlike to the general character of this picture, ftrengthens this fuppofition in my own mind to a ftrong probability. The companion picture of King Philip was, of courfe, purely a fancy fketch, and nearly the uglieft poffible, at that. xliii INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. I append here fuch few fcattering genealogical fafts in regard to the defcendants of Colonel Church as have come incidentally to my notice, — as materials for whoever may, at any future time, attempt to catalogue the complete defcent from him. BENJAMIN CHURCH, 1 b. at Plymouth, 1639, m. 26 Dec. 1667, Alice Southworth (b. Duxbury 1646, d. Little Compton 5 Mar. 171I, set. 73), d. 17 Jan. 171I, at Little Compton, R.-I. set 78. They had (1) Thomas, 2 b. Duxbury, 1674, d. Little Compton, 12 Mar. 1746, aet. 73; (2) Constant, 3 b. Portsmouth, R.-I. 12 May, 1676, d. 26 Mar. 1726? [A. E. Hist. & Gen Reg. xi : 155.] (3) Benjamin, 4 b. 1678 ; (4) Edward, 5 b. 16S0; (5) Charles, 6 b. 1682, d. Bristol Jan. 1747 ; (6) Elizabeth, 7 b. 26 Mar. 1684 ; (7) Nathaniel, 8 b. 1 July 1686, d. 29 Feb. 1687 ; (8) Martha. 9 THOMAS CHURCH, 2 m. first, 21 Feb. i6 9 |, Sarah Hayman, had (1) Sarah, 10 b. 15 Jan. 1700, d. 29 Aug. 1701 ; (2) Elizabeth, 11 b. 9 Sept. 1702, d. 27 Sept. 1702; (3) Thomas, 12 b. 20 Aug. 1704, d. young; m. second, 16 April 1712 Edith, 2d dau. and 4th child of John and Hannah [Timberlake] Woodman [b. 7 Sept. 16S5, d. 3 June 1718], had (4) Elizabeth 13 , b. 10 Jan. 1713 ; (5) Hannah 14 b. 23 Sept. 1714; (6) Priscilla, 15 b. 6 Jan. 1717, d. 15 Mar. 1744; (7) Thomas 16 b. May 171S, d. 21 Aug. 1718; m. 1719 third, Sarah ? had (8) Thomas, 17 b. 31 May, 1720, d. 4 July, 1720; (9) Sarah, 18 b. 15 May, 1721 ; (10) Thomas, 19 b. 13 July, 1722, d. 5 Oct. 1722; (11) Benja- min, 20 b. 9 Sept. 1723, d. 27 Sept. 1723 ; (12) Mary, 21 b. 2 Jan. 1725 ; (13) Thomas, 22 b. 1 Sept. 1727; (14) Benjamin, 23 b. 10 Jan. 1732, d. 4 Aug. 1749; (15) Mercy, 24 b. 18 Sept. 1734. CONSTANT CHURCH. 3 [I have seen no trace of his family, if he had any.] BENJAMIN CHURCH. 4 [It is said died unmarried.] EDWARD CHURCH 5 lived in Boston, where, before 1764, he had a place of business as vendue-master, on Newbury Street, " two doors south of the sign of the Lamb." He m. Elizabeth ? who d. iS xliv INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. April, 1766, ast. 27. He had an only son Benjamin, 25 who was proba- bly also a vendue-master, and the father of two sons (one of whom was Dr. Benjamin Church, of Tory memory in the Revolution), and a daugh- ter who m. Mr. Fleming, a stationer. CHARLES CHURCH 6 was High Sheriff of the County, and Rep- resentative to the General Court; m. 20 May, 1708, Mrs. Hannah Paine of Bristol, had (1) Constant, 26 b. 12 Dec. 1708 ; (2) Elizabeth, 27 b. 24 Dec. 1710; (3) Hannah, 28 b. 20 Feb. 171-f, d. Jan. 174I. ELIZABETH CHURCH, 7 m. first, 1700? Capt. Joseph Ros- botham of Bristol, had (1) Benjamin, 29 b. 21 Dec. 1701 ; (2) Alice, 30 b. 26 Aug. 1704 ; (3) Elizabeth, 31 b. 9 Sept. 1708 ; (4) Hannah, 32 b. 20 June, 171 1 ; m. second, 11 Sept. 1717, Mr. John Sampson, of Bristol, [d. 12 Jan. 173I] ; had (5) John 33 and (6) Elizabeth, 34 (twins) b. 20 Jan. 171I ; (7) John, 35 b. (at New Haven) 31 May, 1722; m. third, 18 June, 1739, Capt. Samuel Woodbury. NATHANIEL CHURCH, 8 [died an infant.] MARTHA CHURCH 9 . [I find no trace of her except her signa- ture to the document accompanying the settlement of her father's estate.] SARAH CHURCH, 18 m. 29 Apr. 1742, Samuel Bailey of Little Compton, had (1) William, 36 b. 25 Aug. 1742, m. 4 Mar. 1770, Sarah Briggs, d. 17 Feb. 1825 ; (2) Samuel, 37 b. 3 Jan. 1744, m. Elizabeth Church ; (3) Francis, 38 b. 4 Oct. 1745 ; (4) Ruth, 39 b. 24 Apr. 1747, d. 6 Dec. 1771 ; (5) Sarah, 40 b. 23 Sept. 1749, m. 1 Mar. 1772, John Man- chester ; (6) George, 41 b. 29 Apr. 1751, d. 27 Mar. 1764 ; (7) Hannah, 42 b. 25 July, 1760. MARY CHURCH, 21 m. 31 Mar. 1748, Aaron Wilbor [3d son and 6th child of John, who was 2d son and 3d child of William, an origi- nal settler], had (1) Sarah, 43 b. 25 Dec. 1748; (2) Benjamin, 44 b. 22 Oct. 1750 ; (3) Aaron, 45 b. June, 1753 ; (4) Francis, 46 b. 4 Aug. 1755, d. 15 June, 1844; (5) Thomas, 47 b. 23 Sept. 1756, d. 13 Sept. 1S40; (6) John, 48 b. 4 May, 1762. THOMAS CHURCH, 22 m. first, 31 Jan. ^748, Ruth Bailey [youngest dau. and child of William, and so youngest sister of the hus- band of Sarah, 18 b. 3 Aug. 1727, d. 31 Jan. 1771 J, had (1) Constant, 49 xlv INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. b. 9 May, 174S; (2) Sarah, 50 b. 12 Feb. 1750, d. 17 Nov. 1750; (3) Sarah, 51 b. 24 May, 1751 ; (4) Elizabeth, 52 b. 25 Dec. 1752 ; (5) Benja- min ; w (6) Mercy, 54 b. Mar. 1756, d. 31 Mar. 1837 ; (7) Thomas, 55 b. 26 Nov. 1757; (8) Obadiah, 50 b. 21 Apr. 1759; (9) William, 57 b. 7 May, 1761 ; (10) Charles, 58 b. 10 Mar. 1763 ; (11) Francis, 59 b. 19 Dec. 1764; (12) Thomas, 60 b. 3 Mar. 1767; (13) Ruth, 61 b. 5 Dec. 1768; (14) Mary, 62 b. 30 Jan. 1771 , d. 1 Feb. 1771 ; m. second, Mary Richmond, [b. 26 Dec. 1735, 2d dau. and 8th child of William, oldest son of Sylves- ter] ; had (15) George, 63 b. 30 May, 1773 ; (16) Gamaliel, 64 b. 1 Mar. 1775 ; (17) Mary, 65 b. 12 Feb. 1777, d. 17 July, 1777. MERCY CHURCH, 24 m. 3 Feb. 1754, Perez Richmond [4th son and 5th child of William, d. 1S01], had (1) Sarah, 66 b. 24 Aug. 1756 ; m. 27 Apr. 1776, Job Clapp ; (2) Ruth, 67 b. 6 Sept. 1758 ; (3) Elizabeth, 68 b. 9 Mar. 1760; (4) Thomas, 69 b. 5 Mar. 1764; (5) Benjamin, 70 b. ti July, 1765 ; (6) Anna, 71 b. 24 Mar. 1767 ; (7) Mary, 72 b. 5 Apr. 1770; (8) Charles, 73 b. 9 July, 1773 ; (9) Hannah, 74 b. 17 Dec. 1775. CONSTANT CHURCH, 49 m. 20 June, 1771, Kezia Briggs [3d dau. and child of Jeremiah, who was 4th son and child of Job, who was 4th son and 7th child of William, b. 13 Ocl. 1751, d. 17 Dec. 18 18.], had (1) Ruth, 75 b. 19 Dec. 1771 ; (2) Sarah, 76 b. 29 May, 1774; (3) Jere- miah Briggs, 77 b. 22 Jan. 1776; (4) Benjamin, 78 b. 23 Jan. 1778, d. 20 Sept. 1778; (5) Kezia, 79 b. 14 Mar. 17S0; (6) Charles* b. 16 Mar. 1782, d. 14 Sept. 1805 ; (7) Betsey, 81 b. 17 Sept. 1784; (8) Anna, 82 b. 11 Feb. 1787; (9) Constantine, 83 b. 5 Jan. 17S9, d. 1 Nov. 1826; (10) Hannah, 84 b. 9 Od. 17S1, d. 2 Sept. 1828; (11) William, 85 b. 27 Apr. 1795, d. 14 06t. 1796. ELIZABETH CHURCH, 52 m. 23 Oct. 1774, Samuel Bailey [b. 3 Jan. 1744, was 2d son and child of Samuel, who m. Sarah 18 ], had (1) Sarah, 86 b. 31 Mar. 1775 ; (2) Cornelius, 87 b. 8 Oft. 1776 ; (3) Ben- jamin, 88 b. 18 Aug. 17S0; (4) Ruth, 89 b. 26 Feb. 1782; (5) Thomas, 90 (6) Samuel, 91 (twins), b. 6 May, 1785 ; (7) George, 92 b. 26 April, 1788 ; (8) Charles, 93 b. 5 Apr. 1790; (9) Hannah, 94 b. 1 June, 1794. CONSTANT CHURCH, 26 of Bristol, m. 25 Jan. 173I, Mary Rey- nolds, of Bristol, had (1) Peter, 95 b. 1 Dec. 1737; (2) Mary, 96 b. 2 Apr. 1740; (3) Charles, 97 b. 5 Nov. 1743. xlvi INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR. PETER CHURCH 95 [as the records seem to say] m. 22 Mar. 1764, Mrs. Sarah Fales, of Bristol, and, for second wife, Hannah ? had (1) George, 98 b. 1 Apr., 1771 ; (2) William, 90 b. 5 Apr. 1776 ; (3) Peter, 100 b. 26 Apr. 1791 ; (4) Hannah, 101 b. 13 Sept. 1792. This Peter 100 I suppose to be the Col. Peter, now living in Bristol, whose son, Captain Benjamin, commanding a company in the 8th Mich- igan V. M., was killed by a shot through the head, 16 June, 1862, while gallantly leading a charge upon the rebels, in the battle of James Island. [Stone's jR.-f. in the Rebellion, 298.] xlvii INTRODUCTORY NOTE. T had been intended to give, in this place, a full ftatiftical flatement of the condition of New England in population, refources, towns, churches, minifters &c, &c, at the date of the breaking -out of thofe hoftilities which are commonly known as Philip's War; and to add a careful eftimate of the caufes of that ftrife, and the effects of it upon the Colonies. But the neceffary length of fuch a flate- ment and eftimate, and the unexpected voluminoufnefs of the preceding biographical matter, compels the referva- tion of that hiftorical introduction until the iffue of that remaining portion of thefe " Entertaining Paffages," which has efpecial reference to the Eaftern Expeditions; when it will be given as preliminary to thofe brief ftatements which may be further needful to make clear the caufes and iffues of thofe later conflicts. g xlix INTRODUCTORY NOTE. Meanwhile, the reader who deiires to perufe thefe ex- ploits and experiences of Captain Church, with the moft intelligent comprehenlion of their relation to the general matters of the war, and the condition of the country at that date, is refpeftfully referred to the third volume of Dr. Palfrey's " Hifhory of New England," where [pp. 132-239], he will find the moft lucid, careful and truthful expofition of the fubjecl:, which has yet been given to the prefs. Entertaining Paflages Relating to mtity* WAR WHICH Began in the Month of JJUUC, 1675. AS ALSO OF EXPEDITIONS More lately made Againft the Common Enemy, and JjtttttaU Rebels, in the Eaflern Parts of ^e\X)=(?nglantr : WITH Some Account of the Divine Providence TOWARDS Benj. Church Efqr ; By *^C BOSTON: Printed by B. Green, in the Year, 1 7 1 6. t TO THE READER THE fubjefl of this following Narrative offer- ing itfelf to your friendly Perufal ; relates to the Former and Later Wars of New-Eng- land, which Imyfelf was not a little concerned in : For in the Year, 1675. that unhappy and bloody Indian War broke out in Plymouth Colony, where I was then building, and beginning a Plantation, at a Place called by the Indians Sekonit; andfince by the Englifh, Lit- tle Compton. I was the firfl Englifh Man that built upon that Neck, which was full of Indians. My head and hands were full about Settling a New Plantation, where nothing was brought to ; no preparation of Dwelling Houfe, or Out- Hotifing or Fencing made. Horfes and Cattel were to be provided, Ground to be cleared and broken up ; and the utter- moft TO THE READER. mofl caution to be ufed, to keep my felf free from offending my Indian Neighbours all round about me. While I was tints bufily Employed, and all my Time and Strength laid out in this Laborious Undertaking ; I Received a Commiffwn from the Government to engage in their Defence. And with my Commifjion I received another heart inclining me to put forth my Strength in Military Service. And through the Grace of G O D I ivas Spirited for that work, and Direc- tion in it was renewed to me day by day. And altho' 1 many of the Aclions that I was concerned in, were very Difftcitlt and Dangerous ; yet my felf and thofe that went with me Voluntarily in the Service, had our Lives, for the mofl part, wonderfully preferved, by the over-ruling Hand of the Al- mighty, from firfl to lafl ; which doth aloud befpeak our Praifes : And to declare His Wonderful Works, is our Indifpenfble Duty. I was ever very fenfible of my own Littlenefs and Unfitnefs, to be imployed in fuck Great Services ; but calling to mind that GOD is STRONG, / Endeavoured to put all my Confidence in Him, and by His Almighty Power was carried throttgh every difficult Aclion : and my defire is that His Name may have the Praife. It was ever my Intent having laid my felf under a Solemn promife, that the many and Repeated Favours ofGOD to my felf , and thofe with me in the Service, might be pub lifted for Ge?terations to come. And now my great Age requiring -my D if miff on from Service in the Militia, and to pitt off my Armour; I am willing that the Great and Glorious works of TO THE READER. of Almighty GOD, to us Children of Men, fiwuld appear to the World ; and having my Minutes by me ; my Son has taken the care and pains to Collecl from them the Infuing Narrative of many paffages relati?ig to the Former and L ater Wars ; which I have had the perufal of, and find nothing a-mifs, as to the Truth of it ; and with as little Refleclion upon any particular perfon as 7night be, either alive or dead. And feeing every particle of hiflorical Truth is precious ; I hope the Reader will pafs a favourable Cenfure upon an Old Souldier, telling of the many Ran-Counters he has had, and yet is come off alive. It is a plcafure to Remember what a great Number of Eamilies in this and the Neighbouring Provinces in New-England did during the War, e7ijoy a great meafure of Liberty and Peace by the hazardous Sta- tions and Marches of thofe Engaged in Military Exercifes, who were a Wall unto them on this fide and on that fide. I defire Prayers that I may be enabled Well to accomplifli my Spiritual Warfare, and that I may be more than Conquer- our through JESUS CHRIST loving of me. Benjamin Church. [ I ] Entertaining Paflages Relating to l^tltp'S WAR 1 which began in the Year, 1675. With the Proceedings of Benj. Church Efqr ; IN the Year 1674, Mr. Benjamin Church of Dux bury 2 being providentially at Plymouth in the time of the Court, 3 fell into acquaintance with Capt. John Almy* of Rhode-IJland. Capt. Almy with great im- portunity invited him to ride with him, and view that part of Plymouth Colony that lay next to Rhode-IJland, 1 See Introduction, for fome account of the origin of this ftruggle. 2 See Introductory Memoir, for facts in the early life of Mr. Church. 3 The "Court of His Majeftie" met at Plymouth 4 March, 3 June, 7 July, and 27 October, in 1674. [Plymouth Colony Records, vol. v.] 4 John Almy was in Plymouth, in 1643 ; married Mary, daughter of James Cole ; removed to Portfmouth, R.-I. ; loft a horfe in the fervice of the Rhode- Ifland Colony by " making great expedi- tion " in watching a Dutch man-of-war, for which in 1666 he was paid £7 ; 23 July, 1667, was appointed " Lieftenant" of a " troope of horfe"; 24 July, 1671, was a witnefs of the articles of agree- ment made between the Court of New Plymouth and Awafhonks, Squaw- Sachem of Sogkonate ; 14 June, 1676, was appointed, with Mr. Thomas Bor- den, to take an inventory of goods of Thomas Lawton ; died before Nov. 1676, at which time Plymouth Court gave his widow power to adminifter on his eftate within the Colony jurifdidtion. [Savage's Gen. Did. i : 45 ; Rhode-IJl- and Colonial Records., ii : 184, 214, 544; Plytn. Col, Rcc. v: 75, 212.] [ I ] known then by their Indian Names oiPocaJfet^ & Sogkonate? Among other arguments to perfwade him, he told him, the Soil was very rich, and the Situation pleafant. Perfwades him by all means, to purchafe of the Company fome of the He accepted his invitation, views the Court grant rights. 7 5 Now mainly Tiverton, R.-I. ; in- cluding the eaftern more of Mount- Hope bay from £>uequechan river (Fall River) on the north to Pachet brook on the fouth. As to the meaning of the name Pocajfet, Mr. Trumbull fays, "A half-dozen good enough etymolo- gies prefent themfelves ; but as I do not know which is right, and have not much confidence in either, I let the name pafs." 6 Extending from Pachet brook to the ocean; now mainly Little Compton, R.-I. Dr. Uiher Parfons fays the word Sogkonatc is compounded of Seki, "black," konk, " goofe," and the fyl- lable et as a locative ; thus Scki-konk-et, Seconknet, Second, — equivalent to " black-goofe-place." [Indian Names of Places in R.-I. p. 5.] But Mr. Trumbull fays: — "If konck means goofe, why mould an Indian prefix the adjective black, as defcriptive of the only goofe he knew anything about? Then Sucki does not mean ' black,' but 'purple,' i.e., black inclining to blue, as we fee it in the inner margin of a quahaug fhell. Then, again, the In- dian never made ufe of what we call names of places, but defcribed his lo- calities ; never calling a given fituation ' black-filh ' or ' black-goofe,' and mull have violated the genius of his language to have done fo. Then, further, Sucki-honck, or its plural, Sucki- ho7ick-aog, (for it is hardly probable that one black goofe would defignate the place,) can hardly have been twitted into Sogkonate or Saconet, or (as Pref- ident Stiles writes and marks the name in 1760) Sattconel." "As to the real meaning of the word," Mr. T. adds, "I am troubled by the etnbarras de richejfes. It might mean Sokkauun-et, — ' the conquered territory ' ; or Sozvan- ohqtcan-et, — 'at the fouth point'; or Sowa?iohkit \_Rliot, Gen. xxiv. 62 ; Join. xv. 19], — 'the fouth country'; either of which might eafily be corrupt- ed into Sauconet. And fo on." 7 It was a common provifion in the indentures of fervants in the Plymouth Colony, that they Ihould have land af- figned them when their term of fervice expired. In 1633-4, land for fuch ufe was fet apart in Scituate. In 1636 the amount of five acres was fixed upon as that which they were to receive. 4 June, 1661, liberty was granted to thofe who were formerly fervants, who have land due them by covenant, to nominate fome perfons to be deputed in their be- half to purchafe a parcel of land for their accommodation at Saconet. Fur- ther order to fecure the right of thefe perfons to take up land at Saconet was made by the Court, 7 June, 1665. 4 July, 1673, the following Court order was [ I ] Country, & was pleafed with it; makes a purchafe, 8 fettled pafled : — " Whereas there is a tracte of land graunted to the old fervants, or fuch of them as are not elfewhere fuppljed, lying att Saconett, the Court doe de- termine the bounds thereof to be from the bounds of the graunt made to Plym- outh att Punckateefett and the bounds of Dartmouth, and foe all lands fouth- erly lying between that and the fea ; the Court haue likewife giuen them order, or fuch as they mail appoint, to make purchafe thereof in theire behalfe as oc- cation fhall require, and that all fuch pTons as haue right vnto the faid graunt as old fervants att Saconett fhall make their appeerance att Plymouth on the twenty fecond of this p'fent July, then and theire to make out theire right, and alfoe pay fuch disburfments as fhall nef- fefarily be required, or otherwife loofe theire right." Agreeably to this order the following 29 perfons appeared at Plymouth, on faid 22 July, viz : Jofiah Window, Efq. ; Mr. Conftant Southworth ; Dan- iel Willcox; Hugh Cole (in right of James Cole, fen.) ; Nicolas Wade and John Culhing, both in right of faid Nicolas Wade ; Thomas Williams ; Benjamin Church (in right of Richard Bilhop and alfo in right of Richard Beare) ; John Roufe, jr. (in right of Samuel Chandler) ; William Sherman, fen.; Jofeph Church (in right of John Smalley, and alfo in right of George Vicory) ; John Rogers, jun. (in right of William Tubbs) ; William Merrick ; Martha Dean (in right of Joseph Bee- die) ; Simon Roufe (in right of John Roufe, fen.) ; William Pabodie (in right of Abraham Samfon) ; Edward Fobes (in right of John Fobes) ; John Irilh, jun. (in right of John Irilh, fen.) ; Peter Colomore ; Daniel Hayward (in right of John Hayward, fen.) ; Jofiah Cook; John Walhburne, fen., "as a 8 Firft ifTued in 1716, and probably dictated by Col. Church to his fon Thomas not long before that time, it will not feem furprifing that flight in- accuracies lhould occasionally be found in this narrative of what took place more than 40 years before. There is fome evident confufion here. The orig- inal MS. Proprietors' Records prove that Church had bought the rights of Richard Bilhop and Richard Beare to Saconet previous to 22 July, 1673 ; a courfe which he here feems to reprefent himfelf as taking in the following year, on Capt. Almy's urgency. Unlefs the meeting of court to which he refers (fee note 3) was the firtt for that year, he mull not only have purchafed thefe rights, but have received his affignment of lots No. 19 and No. 29, before the viewing the country here referred to. I think, in point of fact, he bought the rights on Speculation, and went down with Capt. Almy to look at his two lots, and liked them fo well as to con- clude to fettle upon them; but became confufed in his memory of the order of events. [ I ] a Farm, found the Gentlemen of the Ifland 9 very Civil & And being himfelf a Perfon of uncommon obliging freeman"; Thomas Pope; John Rich- mond (in right of John Price) ; Walter Woodworth (in right of Thomas Si- mons) ; Nathaniel Thomas (in right of Nicolas Preflong) ; Ephraim Tinkham ; Thomas Pinfon; and William Shirt- life. They "proved their rights," and agreed, — i. That all were equal proprietors of the granted premifes, " that is to fay, to have and pay alike, according to each man's proportion." 2. That all lands on their grant at Saconet that fhall any way become alienated from the Indians, and appro- priated to the Englifh, " mall belong and be to the aforefaid proprietors." 3. That one equal fhare ihall be ap- propriated " to the ufe of the miniftry, and fo to remain fuccefiively forever." 4. That no perfon lhall appropriate to himfelf more than txvo JJiares at Sa- conet, on penalty of forfeiture to the company of all fuch overplus. 5. That no proprietor ihall alienate any of his land to one "not related to him by affinity or blood," without con- fent of the major part of the company, or their committee. 6. That any proprietor not paying, by the laft of October next, for his part of what might have been purchafed by the laft of September next, with his proportion of charges, fhall forfeit his lhare to the other proprietors. 7. That at any meeting of the com- pany duly warned, the major part of them that lhall appear fhall have full power to act for all, except to difpofe of any of the lands. 8. That William Pabodie fhall be their clerk. 9. That Mr. Conftant Southworth, William Pabodie, and Nathaniel Thom- as, fhall be a committee to act for them in purchafing of the Indians, calling meetings, " and fuch other occafions as may concern." Having now authority to extinguifh the Indians' titles at Saconet, the Com- mittee proceeded to the work; 31 July, purchafing of Awafhonks, Squaw-Sa- chem, for £75, the land from Pachet brook on the north, to a landing-place called Toothos, and a white-oak tree in Tomfie fwamp (in the range of what is now called Taylor's Lane — fee map), on the fouth ; with a depth, from the bay on the weft, of one mile inland. There feems, however, to have been a queftion of ownerfhip long unfettled among the Indians ; for in 1662 [Plym. Col. Rec. iv : 16] Tatacomuncah, and a Squaw-Sa- chem called Namumpam (Weetamoe, of Pocaffet) came to Plymouth with complaints againft Wamfutta, for fell- ing Saconet neck, which was claimed by them. So, to make a fure thing of it, the Committee, 1 Nov. 1673, re " purchafed of Mamanuah (who could 9 The ifland of RhodeTfland ; in plain fight acrofs the " Eaft Pafiage. 4 [ 2 ] Activity and Induftry, he foon ere<5ted two buildings upon his Farm, and gain'd a good acquaintance with the Natives : got much into their favour, and was in a little time in great efleem among them. The next Spring advancing, 10 while Mr. Church was dili- gently Settling his new Farm, flocking, leafing & difpofing of his Affairs, and had a fine profpe6l of doing no fmall things; and hoping that his good fuccefs would be inviting unto other good Men to become his Neighbours; Behold! the rumour of a War between the Englijli and the Na- tives gave check to his projects. People began to be very jealous of the Indians, and indeed they had no fmall reafon to fufpe6t that they had form'd a defign of War upon the EnglifJi} x Mr. Church had it daily fuggefted to him that the Indians were plotting a bloody defign. That Philip the great Mount-hope Sachem was Leader therein: and fo it prov'd, he was fending his Meffengers to all [2] the mow an agreement, of date n Mar. the whole number. Benjamin Church 1672, from his brothers Ofomehew and drew Nos. 19 and 29. \Plym. Col. Pofotoquo, and from Pacuftcheft, Num- Rcc. i: 23, 44; iii : 216; iv: 97; v: pouce, and Joham, who were "nearly 125. Original AtS. Records of the related," empowering him to fell), Ofo- Proprietors of Saconet.~\ mehew, Suckqua, and Anumpafh, for 10 The fpring of 1675, foon after £3$, the fame territory, with a fmall the murder of Saffamon. addition. n The many friendly and Chriftian 10 April, 1674, the company met Indians in their intercourfe with their at Duxbury, divided this land into 32 favage acquaintances came to the knowl- fhares, and drew lots for them. There edge of many fufpicious circumftances, were 29 proprietors ; Benjamin Church and it was their teftimony as well as and his brother Jofeph had each a double what the fettlers themfelves obferved, right, and the 10th lot was agreed upon which now began to excite their solici- as to be "the minifter's lot"; making tude for the future. [ 2 ] Neighbouring Sachems, to ingage them in a Confederacy with him in the War. Among the reft he fent Six Men to Azva/Iionks Squaw- Sachem of the Sogkonate Indians, 12 to engage her in his Interefts: Awa/Iwnks fo far liftened unto them as to call her Subjects together, to make a great Dance, which is the cuftom of that Nation when they advife about Mo- mentous Affairs. But what does AwafJwnks do, but fends away two of her Men that well underftood the Engli/Ji Language {Sajf anion and George™ by Name) to invite Mr. 12 Aiva/honks firft appears 24 July, 1671, when fhe agrees with Plymouth Court to fubmit herfelf and her people, and to give up their arms. In Auguft following fhe affixed her mark to a letter written to Gov. Prince in reference to this agreement. 20 June, 1672, fhe agreed to fet off fome land in mortgage to Plymouth Court, in fatisfaction of a debt due to Mr. John Almy. 7 May, 1673, fhe is named among Sachems to be treated with by the Rhode-Ifland Affembly " to confult and agree of fome way to prevent the extreme excefs of the Indians' drunkennefs." 31 July, 1673, fhe fold a large portion of the ter- ritory claimed by her, to the committee of Saconet proprietors. 7 July, 1674, fhe is complained of at Plymouth Court by Mamanuah, " Chieffe propriator of the lands of Saconett," for "forcably detaining" fome of his land, and hinder- ing him from giving poffeffion of it to the Englilh to whom he had fold the fame ; and their refpective rights to the land were made the fubjecl: of jury trial, to her difcomfiture. 29 May, 1675, fhe had three quarters of a mile fquare fet off to her by the Saconet proprietors, on the fhore immediately fouth of the fouth line of their firft purchafe. In July, 1683, fhe, her daughter Betty, and her fon Peter, were examined at Plym- outh Court on fufpicion of having murdered a child of faid Betty; but were difmiffed for want of proof. Her husband's name was Wewayewitt. She had, befides Peter and Betty above named, a fon, William Mommyneivit, who "was put to Grammar fchool and learned Latin, defigned for college, but was feized with the pally." [Drake's Book of the Indians, 250; I Mafs. Hijl. Coll. x: 114; R.-I. Col. Rec. ii : 4S7; Plym. Col. Rec. v : 75 ; vi: 113; vii : 191. MS. Rec. Prof. Saconet. .] 13 Sajfamon {Saujatnati) was one of the forty-two Saconet Indians, who, 24 July, i67i,figned a paper approving the fubmiflion which Ait) a/honks had made. George proved himfelf a friend to the Englilh. [Drake's Indian Biog., 250.] [ 3 ] Church to the Dance. Mr. Church upon the Invitation, immediately 14 takes with him Charles Hazelton™ his Ten- nants Son, who well underftood the Indian Language, and rid down to the Place appointed: Where they found hundreds of Indians gathered together from all Parts of her Dominion. Awajlwnks her felf in a foaming Sweat was leading the Dance. But fhe was no fooner fenfible of Mr. Churches arrival, but fhe broke off, fat down, calls her Nobles round her, orders Mr. Church to be invited into her prefence. Complements being paft, and each one tak- ing Seats. She told him, King Philip had fent Six Men of his with two of her People that had been over at Mount-hope™ to draw her into a confederacy with him in 14 It would feem to be fettled by what follows, that this was in the early part of the week preceding the flrft outbreak, which would affign it to 14-17 June, 1675. Blils \_HtJi. Rchoboth, 75] fays it was on the 15th. 15 I find no trace of this name in the Plymouth Colony at this date. There was a Charles Hazelton at Ipfwich, 1661-6. Probably this "Tennant" might have come from Rhode-Illand. A "Charles Haftleton" was Grand Juror at a Quarter Seffions held at Roch-*- efter, for Rhode-Ifland and Providence Plantations, in September, 168S. [Sav- age's Gen. Dicl. ii : 395 ; R.-I. Col. Rec. iii : 243.] 16 Mount-Hope was the eafy and in- evitable Anglicifm of Montop (Afon- taup), which was the Indian name of the hill on the eaftern fhore of what is now Briftol, R.-I., fronting Tiverton. Mount-Hope neck included the land running down into the bay, fhaped by Kikemuit river on the eaft and north, and Warren (or Sozvams) river on the weft; being fome nine miles in length by from two miles to one in width, including the prefent towns of Warren and Briftol, R.-I. On this neck were then three Indian villages, — Montaup, near the hill ; Kikemuit, around the fpring of that name ; and Sozvams, on the fpot where the village of Warren now ftands. Sozvams was the chief feat of MafTafoit ; Philip feems to have more identified himfelf with Montaup. [Feffenden's Warren, R.-I. I3> 27, 65.] The name Montop (Montaup is better Indian), Mr. Trumbull fays, has pof- fibly loft an initial fyllable. Ontop, or Ontaup, in compound words, means "head," " fummit." If the name, as [ 2 ] a War with the EngliJJi. Defiring him to give her his ad- vice in the cafe, and to tell her the Truth whether the Umpame 11 Men (as Philip had told her) were gathering a great Army to invade Philips Country. He affured her he would tell her the Truth, and give her his beft advice. Then he told her twas but a few days lince he came from Plymouth, and the EngliJJi were then making no Prepara- tions for War; That he was in Company with the Prin- cipal Gentlemen of the Government, who had no Dif- courfe at all about War; and he believ'd no tho'ts about it. 18 He ask'd her whether fhe tho't he would have brought up his Goods to Settle in that Place, if he ap- prehended an entering into War with fo near a Neigh- bour. She feem'd to be fome-what convin'd by his talk, and faid fhe believ'd he fpoke the Truth. Then fhe called for the Mount-hope Men: Who made a formidable appearance, with their Faces Painted, and their Hair Trim'd up in Comb-fafhion, with their Powder- written, nearly reprefents the Indian, is called ftill by the natives of Majfapee." it is unqueftionably derived from moot, [2 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. iii : 175.] "black" (or dark-colored), and on tup, 18 This was true. The authorities "head"; moo-ontop, "black head"; — were very flow to believe in the danger as ivompont-up (ufed by Eliot, with the of an Indian uprifing, even after they participial affix, as in Levit. xix. 32), had been warned by friendly Indians, for "white head," " hoary head." One and were witnefs to fome of Philip's may readily fuppofe that, when this fufpicious movements. The Governor beautiful fummit was thickly wooded, ordered a military watch to be kept up this name would be a natural one among in every town, but took no other notice the Indians for it. of the conduct of the Indians, hoping 17 " Umpame, written Apaum in the that the ftorm would blow over, as it Colony Records, is the name of Plym- had feveral times done before, [Goz>- outh in Church's Hiftory; and fo it ernors of Netv Plymouth, 182.] [3 ] horns, and Shot-bags at their backs; which among that Nation is the poflure and figure of preparednefs for War. She told Mr. Church? thefe were the Perfons that had brought her the Report of the Englifk preparation for War: And then told them what Mr. Church had faid in anfwer to it. Upon this began a warm talk among the Indians, but 'twas foon quafh'd, and AwaJJwnks proceeded to tell Mr. Church, that Philips MefTage to her was, that unlefs fhe would forth-with enter into a confederacy with him in a War againft the EngliJJi, he would fend his Men over privately, to kill the EngliJJi Cattel, and burn their Houfes on that fide the River, which would provoke the EngliJJi to fall upon her, whom they would without doubt fup- [3] pofe the author of the Mifchief. Mr. Church told her he was forry to fee fo threatning an afpe6l of Affairs; and fteping to the Mount-hopes, he felt of their bags, and find- ing them filled with Bullets, ask'd them what those Bul- lets were for: They fcoffingly reply'd to fhoot Pigeons with. Then Mr. Church turn'd to AwaJJwnks, and told her, if Philip were refolv'd to make War, her beft way would be to knock thofe Six Mount-hopes on the head, and fhelter her felf under the Protection of the EngliJJi : upon which the Monnt-Jwpcs were for the prefent Dumb. But thofe two of AwaJJionks Men who had been at Mount-Jiope ex- prefs'd themfelves in a furious manner againft his advice. 2 9 [3 ] And Little Eyes™ one of the Queens Council joyn'd with them, and urged Mr. Church to go afide with him among the bufhes that he might have fome private Difcourfe with him, which other Indians immediately forbid being fenfible of his ill delign: but the Indians began to lide and grow very warm. Mr. Church with undaunted Cour- age told the Mount-hopes they were bloody wretches, and thirfted after the blood of their Englijli Neighbours, who had never injur'd them, but had always abounded in their kindnefs to them. That for his own part, tho' he defired nothing more than Peace, yet if nothing but War would fatisfie them, he believed he fhould prove a fharp thorne in their fides; Bid the Company obferve thofe Men that were of fuch bloody dispolitions, whether Providence would fuffer them to Live to fee the event of the War, which others more Peaceably difpofed might do. Then he told Awaflwnks he thought it might be moft advifable for her to fend to the Governour of Plymouth^ and fhelter her felf, and People under his Protection. She lik'd his advice, and defired him to go on her behalf to the Plymouth Government, which he confented to: And at 19 Little Eyes with his family deferted 1673, and Jofias Window was chofen the Saconets when they made friends his fucceffor in the following June. He with Plymouth. He was taken prifoner was the only fon of the firft Governor during the progrefs of the war, when Window by his fecond marriage; in Capt. Church was urged to take revenge 1652, had military command in Marfh- for the hoftility here ciifplayed, but re- field; 165S, was Major, then Command- plied that "it was not Englifhmen's fafh- er; 1675, General-in-Chief againft ion to feek revenge," and gave him the Philip. [Govs. Nciu Plym. 175-196; fame good quarter with the reft. N. E. Hiji. and Gen. Reg. iv : 297.] 2a Gov. Prince died in the fpring of [3 ] parting advifed her what ever me did, not to defert the EngliJJi Intereft, to joyn with her Neighbours in a Rebel- lion which would certainly prove fatal to her. [He mov'd none of his Goods from his Houfe that there might not be the leaft umbrage from such an A6tion.] She thank'd him for his advice, and fent two of her Men to guard him to his Houfe; 21 which when they came there, urged him to take care to fecure his Goods, which he re- fufed for the reafons before mentioned. But deiired the Indians, that if what they feared, mould happen, they would take care of what he left, and directed them to a Place in the woods where they mould difpofe them; which they faithfully obferved. He took his leave of his guard, and bid them tell their Miftrefs, if fhe continued fteady in her dependence on the Englijh, and kept within her own limits of Sogkonate^ he would fee her again quickly; and then haftned away to Pocaffct, where he met with Peter Nunnuit^ the Husband 21 Situated on lot No. 19, which was examination of the Proprietors' and 629 rods fouth of Pachet brook; be- early town records, and of the original ing the farm in Little Compton now deeds from the Indians, I think that owned and occupied by Mr. John B. Awalhonks's territories centered about Rowland, on the weft fide of the road, Tompe fwamp, — lying along the weft- — oppofite to the fchool-houfe, — nearly ern lhore of the peninfula of Saconet, two miles fouth of the prefent Tiverton from the fouth fide of " Windmill hill " line. to what is now the Breakwater. 22 It is difficult to make out the ex- 23 This Indian';; name was Petonotvo- ac~t limits of the fmall Sachemdoms wet, or Pe-tan-a-miet, which the Eng- which divided between them what is lifh corrupted eafily into Peter Nunnuit. now Little Compton and Tiverton, 8 May, 1673, he, with two other In- R.-I. It is doubtful if thole limits were dians, fold a lot of land in Swanfey to ever very well defined. But from an Nathaniel Paine and Hugh Cole, for [4] of the Queen of Pocajffet^ who was juft then come over in a Canoo from Moimt-hope. Peter told him that there would certainly be War; for Philip had held a [4] Dance of feveral Weeks continuance, and had entertain'd the Young Men from all Parts of the Country: And added that Philip expected to be fent for to Plymouth to be exam- ined about Sci/amoris^ death, who was Murder'd at Affa- £35 55. He was, about the fame time, a witnefs in regard to a land cafe on Taunton river. In Philip's war he for- fook his wife and fought with the Eng- lilh. In 1676 (ordered by the Council, 22 July, and confirmed by the Court, 1 November) he, with Numpas and Ifacke, was made infpector of Indian prifoners who had applied "for accept- ence to mercye " from " the weftermoft fyde of Sepecan Riuer, and foe weft- ward to Dartmouth bounds." He was then ftyled Sachem Ben Petananuett. [Drake's Book of hid. 188; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 210, 215.] 24 This was Weetamoe, (or Namutn- f am), who had been the wife of Philip's elder brother Wamfutta, or Alexander. The author of the Old Indian Chron- icle [p. 8] intimates that fhe believed her husband had been poifoned by the Englilh, and that this made her more willing to liften to Philip. In October, 1659, ihe was at Plymouth to fecure the third part of the pay for fome land which Alexander had fold ; and acknowledged the receipt of the fame. 3 June, 1662, fhe complained, at Plymouth, of fome infringement on her rights in Wamfut- ta's fale of Saconet. At the fame time advice was given to her and her huf- band, Alexander, (here called Qiiiquc- quanchctt,) in reference to difficulties exifting between them and Philip in regard to the entertaining of fome Nar- raganfett Indians againft Philip's good- will. Weetamoe did not follow her fec- ond husband, as he appears to have ex- pected lhe would, to the Englilh. She united her fortunes to thofe of Philip, and miferably perilhed, when her head was cut off and fet on a pole at Taun- ton. [Drake's Book of Ind. 187; Plym. Col. Rec. iv: 17, 24, 186.] 25 Saffamon (or Wujfanfmon) was born in the neighborhood of Dorchefter, be- came a convert and was educated, and employed as a fchoolmafter at Natick, and is faid to have aided John Eliot in translating the Indian Bible. After a time he left the Englilh and became Philip's fecretary, and, as fuch, privy to his defigns. Subfequently he returned to his Chriftian faith, and became teach- er to the Nemaskets, whofe chief, Wa- tufpaquin, gave him a houfe-lot in Af- fawompfett neck (Middleborough), with one alfo to his fon-in-law. He revealed Philip's plot to the government at Plym- outh, and not long after (29 Jan. 1674-5) was found dead, under the ice on Affawompfett pond, with marks of [4] mw^T'-Ponds; 26 knowing himfelf guilty of contriving that Murder. The fame Peter told him that he faw Mr. James Brown' 11 of Swanzey™ and Mr. Sarmiel Gorton® who was an Interpreter, and two other Men who brought a Letter from the Governour of Plymouth to Philip. He obferv'd to him further, that the Young Men were very eager to begin the War, and would fain have kiil'd Mr. Brown, but Philip prevented it; telling them, that his Father had charged him to fhew kindnefs to Mr. Brow7i. so In fhort, violence. Three Indians were tried and executed for his murder, there being little doubt that it had occurred by Philip's command. [Mather's Relation, 74; Hubbard's Narrative, 14; N. E. Hift. and Gen. Reg. xv : 43, 149.] 26 Affaivompfett {Soivampfit, Sotvam- fcf) pond is, with its connecting ponds, the largeft meet of water in Plymouth County not merely, but in Maffachu- fetts ; being fome fix miles long by a width varying from four miles to a few rods. It lies partly in Rochefter, more in Middleborough, moft in the new town of Lakeville. President Stiles, on the authority of "Jonathan Butterworth, cet. 63, of Rehoboth," in 1762, fays that " AfTawampfett is fo called from a place or patch of beech-trees, called in Indian faw amp s ; so AJfaivampfett, Saivatnp- fett, both names of the fame place." But he adds, " Soivampjit fignifies 'a fmall pond encompaffed -with trees ' ; fotvamps, ' beech-trees' 1 ; and putting both together, fignifies a potid of -water ivitk beech-trees grozving around it." Mr. Trumbull comments, " I don't believe a word of this ; but as Prefident Stiles is refpedtable authority, and Butterworth can't be impeached, I give it, for what it is worth. Sowams, Sozvamps (' Sazv- hames bay.' Winthrop's Journal, ii : 121, note) is the fignificant word; the et marking the locative." 27 James Brown was born probably in England ; was the fon of John, eminent in the Colony, being feventeen years Afiiftant and many years Commifiioner of the United Colonies. James was alfo Afiiftant in various years from 1665 to 1684. He died at Wannamoifett, in Swanfey, 29 OcL 17 10, aged S7, leav- ing two fons, James and Jabez, and one daughter, Dorothy Kent. [Baylies's Plym. Col. iv : 18 ; Blifs's Rehoboth, 53, 75, 73-] 28 Szvanfey then included Somerfet, Mafs., and Barrington, R.-L, with a portion of Warren, R.-L, befides the prefent town of Swanfey. [Blifs's Re- hoboth, 1.] 29 The man of that name famous in the early controverfies of New Eng- land. 30 Mr. John Brown, father of this Mr. Brown, was a man of great kind- 13 [4] Philip was forc'd to promife them that on the next Lords- Day when the EnglifJi were gone to Meeting they mould rifle their Houfes, and from that time forward kill their Cattel. Peter defir'd Mr. Church to go and fee his Wife, who was but up the hill; 31 he went and found but few of her People with her. She faid they were all gone, againft her Will to the Dances; and fhe much fear'd there would be a War. Mr. Church advis'd her to go to the Ifland 32 and fecure her felf, and thofe that were with her; and fend to the Governour of Plymouth who fhe knew was her friend ; and fo left her, refolving to haften to Plymouth, and wait on the Governour: and he was fo expeditious that he was with the Governour early next Morning, 33 tho' he waited on fome of the Magiftrates by the way, who were of the Council of War, 34 and alfo met him at the nefs of heart, a friend of toleration, 32 Rhode-Ifland. and the firft of the Plymouth magif- ffl The diftance — making allowance trates who doubted the expediency of for the indiredtnefs of the Indian paths — coercing the people to fupport the min- could not have been lefs, probably, than iftry. Thefe qualities would naturally forty-two miles from Pocaffet, and nearly endear him to MalTafoit, to whom he fifty from Church's houfe at Saconet. was a neighbor, and lead that good old The date of his arrival was Wednefdav, chief to give the charge which Philip 16 June, 1675. \_N. E. Hijl. a?id Gen. mentions, in reference to his family. Reg. xv : 260.] Mr. James Brown, indeed, feems to 34 The Council of War was a body have inherited his father's difpofition, which was empowered to ac~l ipecially and it was at his urgent folicitation that on military queftions, and was compofed this letter was fent to promote peace. of the Governor and Affiftants ex officio, [Blifs's Rehobotk, 75.] and of others fpecially appointed. The 31 Tiverton heights, which the upper laft record of election previous to Phil- road to Fall River climbs almoft imme- ip's war was, 7 July, 167 1, when Capt. diately after leaving the Stone bridge. Mathew Fuller, Leift. Ephraim Mor- [4] Governours. He gave them an account of his obferva- tions and difcoveries, which confirmed their former intel- ligences, and haftned their preparation for Defence. Philip according to his promife to his People, permitted them to March out of the Neck 35 on the next Lords- Day, 36 when they plundred the neareft Houfes 37 that the Inhabitants had deferted: 38 but as yet offer'd no violence to the People, at left none were killed. However the alarm was given by their Numbers, and hoftile-Equipage, and by the Prey they made of what they could find in the forfaken Houfes. An exprefs came the fame day 39 to the Governour, who immediately gave orders to the Captains of the Towns to ton, Enfign Mark Eames, Cornett Rob- ert Studfon, Mr. Jonas Window, fen., Sec. Nathaniel Morton, and Meffrs. James Walker, Thomas Huckens, and Ifacke Chettenden, were chofen by the Court, and fworn. \Plym. Col. Rec. v : 73-] 3,5 The narrow ftrip between Kike- muit and Warren rivers, by which the peninfula of Mount-Hope, or Pock- anocket, was joined to the main-land at Swanfey. 3lj 20 June, 1675. [Trumbull's Hijl. Conn. 1 : 327.] 37 Thefe were probably the houfes which Judge Davis refers to where he fays, " There was a fettlement within Mount-Hope neck appertaining to Swanfey. It contained eighteen houfes, all deftroyed." [Davis's Alorton's Me- morial, 463.] This was in the north- ern part of what is now Warren, R.-I. 33 " Tenantlefs for the time, in con- fequence of their occupants being ab- fent at church." [Feffenden's Warren, 66.] Mr. Drake fuggefts \Notes on the. Indian Wars in N. E., in N. E. Hijl. and Gen. Reg. xv : 154], on the author- ity of Window's and Hinckley's Nar- rative of the Beginning and Progrejs of the Prejcnt Troubles, that the people had deferted them through fear. 39 The meffenger reached Plymouth at " break of day," Monday morning. [Barry's Majs. i : 410.] Befides fend- ing exp relics to the Captains of the towns, the Court, on Tuefday, iffued a proclamation for a faft on the next Thurfday. That proclamation was as follows [Blifs's Rehoboth, 79] : — " The Council of this Colony, taking " into their feriousconfideration the awe- " ful hand of God upon us, in permitting " the heathen to carry it with infolency 15 [4 J March the greateft Part of their Companies, and to ran- dezvous at Taunton, on Monday Night, where Major Brad- ford® was to receive them, and difpofe them under Capt. (now made Major) Cutworth^ of Situate. The Govern- " and rage againft us, appearing in their "great hoftile preparations, and alfo " fome outrageous carriages, as at other " times, fo in fpecial, the laft Lord's " day to fome of our neighbours at " Swanfey, to the apparent hazard if " not real lofs of the lives of fome al- " ready; do therefore judge it a folemn " duty, incumbent upon us all, to lay to " heart this difpenfation of God, and " do therefore commend it to all the " churches, minifters, and people of this " colony to fet apart the 24 th day of this " inftant, June, which is the 5 th day of " this week, wherein to humble our " felves before the Lord for all thofe " fins whereby we have provoked our " good God fadly to interrupt our peace " and comfort, and alfo humbly to feek " his face and favour in the gracious " continuance of our peace and privi- " leges, and that the Lord would be en- " treated to go forth with our forces, " and blefs, fucceed and profper them, " delivering them from the hands of his " and our enemies, fubduing the heathen "before them, and returning them all " in fafety to their families and relations "again; and that God would prepare " all our hearts humbly to fubmit to his " good pleafure concerning us. " By orders of the Court of N. P. " Nathaniel Morton, Secretary. " Plymouth, June 22, 1675." Befides the 12 churches and min- ifters of the " Standing Order," there was then one Baptift church, formed in Rehoboth in 1663, of which Rev. John Myles was Paftor, to accommodate which with a place " where they might not prejudice any exifting church," they had been incorporated, in 1667, as the town of Swanfey. This, of courfe, was the neareft church to the fcene of the breaking out of Philip's war, and it was, doubtlefs, to their meeting-houfe — which ftood a few rods fouth of the fouth line of Rehoboth, on the road leading to the houfe of the late Mr. Squire Allen, about fifteen or twenty rods from the main road leading from Warren to Seekonk and Providence — that the fettlers had gone, on Lord's Day, June 20, when their houfes were plun- dered by the Indians in the firft aflault. [Bafitijl Memorial, iv : 227.] 40 William Bradford, fecond fon of Gov. William, of imperifhable mem- ory, was born 17 June, 1624, and was, next to Miles Standifti, a chief foldier of the Colony. He was Affiftant Treafurer and Deputy Governor from 1682 to 16S6, and from 16S9 to 1691, and in the latter year one of the Council of Maffa- chufetts. He married (1) Alice Rich- ards, (2) Widow Wifwall, (3) Widow Holmes ; lived in what is now Kingfton, on the fouth fide of Jones's river, and died 20 Feb. 1703-4, aged nearly 80. \N. E. Hiji. and Gen. Reg. iv : 45.] 41 James Cudxvorih was in Scituate in 1634, lived for a time in Barnftable, 16 [5 ] our defired Mr. Church to give them his Company, and to ufe his intereft in their behalf with the Gentlemen of Rhode-IJland? 1 He comply'd with it, and they March'd the next day. 43 Major Bradford defired Mr. Church with a commanded party confifting of Englijli and fome Friend- Indians, to March in the Front at fome diftance from the Main body. Their orders were to keep fo far before, as not be in light of the Army. And fo they did, for by the way, they killed a Deer, [5] flead, roafted, and eat the molt of him before the Army came up with them. But the Plymouth Forces foon arriv'd at Swanzey, and were but returned to Scituate ; was Deputy for feveral years ; Captain of the mili- tia, 1652 ; Affiftant, 1656-8 ; was de- prived of his command and offices and diffranchifed, 1658-73, being a friend of toleration, and fo judged an " oppof- er of the Government." In 1674 he was chofen Affiftant, and in 1675 " Gen- eral and Commander in Chief" for Philip's war. In 1682 he went to Eng- land for the Colony, to obtain a new Charter, where he took the fmall-pox and died. He was " paft feventy " when he took the field at this time againft Philip. [Deane's Scituate, 245-251.] 42 To underftand this expreffion it is needful to remember that Rhode-Ifland had been excluded from the Confederacy of the Colonies formed for mutual de- fence in 1643 : " on account of her heretical toleration of religious freedom, and her open advocacy of liberty of con- fcience," fays the Editor of Eafton's Narrative ; "upon grounds which re- 3 fleet no credit upon the Puritan con- federates," says Arnold ; " becaufe they had not been able to inftitute a govern- ment, fuch as could be relied on for the fulfilment of the ftipulations mutually made by the Four Colonies," with more juftice, fays Palfrey. Thus ftanding by themfelves, no claim for aid could be made upon her citizens, while the fact that their interefts were, in the refpects now involved, one with thofe of the Confederacy, made it probable, that, if fuitably approached — by one of their friends, as Church was — they would furniih fuch aid as might be in their power. Eafton fays that the Governor of Plymouth wrote them at this junc- ture, "to defier our Help with fum Boats if they had fuch Ocation, and for us to looke to our felfs." [Eafton's Narrative, vi, 16; Arnold's Hijl. Rhode- IJland, i: 1 15; Palfrey's Hijl. Nezv Englatid, i : 629.] 43 Tuefday, 22 June, 1675. 17 [5 ] polled at Major Browns and Mr. Miles 's Garrifons 44 chiefly; and were there foon joyned 45 with thofe that came from Maffachufetts^ who had entred into a Confederacy with their Plymouth Brethren, againft the Perfidious Heathen. The Enemy who began their Hoftilities with plundring and deflroying Cattel, did not long content themfelves with that game. They thirfled for EngliJJi blood, and they foon broach'd it; 47 killing two Men in the way not far 44 Myles's Garrifon was the fortified houfe of the Rev. John Myles, paftor of the Baptift Church in Swanfey [fee note 39, ante~\, which is fuppofed to have ftood in what is now Barneyville, about 75 rods a little north of due weft from Miles's bridge, which croffes Palmer (or Warren) river about three miles north of Warren, R.-I. Mr. Myles was put to fo much expenfe by the war, that, 25 Feb. 1679, it was voted by the town that " Mr. John Myles fhall have the houfe built for him to indemnify him for debts due him in the time of the In- dian war, in full of his demands," etc. [MS. Haile Records, 42.] The po- fition of Maj. Brown's [fee note 27, ante~\ garrifon has not been exactly identified, but it is fuppofed to have been in the fame part of Swanfey with Myles's garrifon. 45 The Plymouth forces probably reached Swanfey on the afternoon of Tuefday, 22 June, or, at furtheft, on Wednefday, 23 June ; while the firft of the Maffachufetts forces left Bofton on Saturday, 26 June, and all of them ar- rived at Swanfey on Monday, 28 June. [Feffenden's Warren, 66, 69.] 4U The Maffachufetts forces, on this occafion, confifted of a troop of horfe under Capt. Thomas Prentice, one of foot under Capt. Daniel Henchman, and one hundred and ten "volunteers" under Capt. Samuel Mofley. Money had been a "Privateer at Jamaica," and his "volunteers" included ten or twelve pirates under fentence of death, who were taken out of jail to join the command, and promifed life on good behavior. Three Chriftian Indians — James and Thomas Quannapohutt and Zeckary Abram — were attached to Capt. Prentice's troop as guides. Sev- eral dogs — to be ufed in hunting the Indians — were with Mofley's company. [Drake's Hiji. of Bofton, i : 402 ; N. E. Hijt. and Gen. Reg. xv : 262 ; Tranfac- tions Amer. Antiquarian Society, ii : 441.] 47 It is very difficult to harmonize the various conflicting authorities fo as to be certain when, or in what manner, the firft blood was drawn. Rev. Abiel Fifher, in his hiftory of the Firft Baptift Church in Swanfey, fays that Eldad Kingfley — one of its members — was the firft man flain, on Faft-day, the 24th, at Swanfey. The Breiff Nar ratine [5 J from Mr. Miles'^ Garrifon. And foon after, eight more at Mattapoifet'.^ Upon whofe bodies they exercifed more than brutiih barbarities ; beheading, dif-membring and mangling them, and expoling them in the moft inhumane manner, which gafh'd and ghoftly objects ftruck a damp on all beholders. The Enemy flufh'd with thefe exploits, grew yet bolder, and skulking every where in the bufhes, fhot at all PafTen- gers, and kill'd many that ventured abroad. They came fo near as to moot down two Sentinels at Mr. Miles'^ prefented by the Plymouth Colony to the " Commiffioners of the United Colonies," which feems to have been prepared with minute care, mentions as the firft perfon killed, " on the 24* Thomas layton was flaine att the fall Riuer." Hubbard and moft writers name the 24th, — Thurfday, the day of Faft. But the anonymous author of the Prefcnt State of New England with refpe<3 to the Indian War [p. 5] fays that " the firft that was killed was June 23 d "; while Baylies [Hi/l. New Plym. Col. iii : 33] feems to fpecify the 22d. [See Blifs's Rchoboth, 80-84; Baptijl Memorial, iv : 232 ; Fefienden's War- ren, 68, 69; Eafton's Narrative, 17; Plym. Col. Rec. x : 364 ; Drake's Notes on the Indian Wars, in N. E. Hijl. and Gen. Reg. xv : 156, etc., for various particulars bearing on the queftion.] Niles [Hijl. of Indian and French Wars, 3 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. vi : 178, etc.] carelefily defcribes all thefe occurrences as being in 1674, inftead of 1675. 48 Mattapoifet (Alatlapoyfett, Meta- poifet, Matapuyjl, Mattapoife), was the fmall peninfula running into Mount- Hope bay oppofite the fouthweftern ex- tremity of Somerfet, having Cole's river on the weft, and Lee's river on the eaft ; now called Gardner's neck. Parfons [Indian Names of Places in R.-I. 16] fays the word means " crying chief." Trumbull fays " it does not mean ' cry- ing chief.' The Indians never gave names of perfons, or animate objects to places, unlefs with an adjective or verb compounded, to mark the relation of perfon to thing, e. g. a pond might be called ' a fiihing-place for pickerel,' or a hill ' the camping place of Sofo,' but never ' pickerel,' or ' Sofo.' Metapoi- fet, or Matapyjl, feems to be identical with MatabcJ'ct (Mattapeafet, Mat- tabefick), the name of Middletown, Conn. This name looks like a deriva- tive of mattappu, ' he fits down ' or ' refts,' and I know of no other word from which it can be derived. But I am by no means confident that it is from this." 19 [5 ] Garrifon, under the very Nofes of moft of our Forces. Thefe provocations drew out the refentments of fome 49 of Capt. Prentices m Troop, who defired they might have liberty to go out and feek the Enemy in their own quar- ters. Quarter Mafters Gill 51 & Belcher® 1 commanded the Parties drawn out, who earneftly defired Mr. Churches company: They provided him a Horfe and Furniture (his own being out of the way) he readily comply'd with their defires, and was foon Mounted. This party were no fooner over Miles's Bridge, but were fired on by an Ambufcado of about a dozen Indians, as they were afterwards difcovered to be. When they drew off, the Pilot 53 was Mortally wounded, Mr. Belcher 49 Hubbard fays " ttuelve of the Troop." [Narrative, 18.] He fixes the time alfo as on the day of the arri- val of the troop, viz : Monday, 28 June. 50 Capt. Thomas Prentice was born in England in 1620-1 ; came over, 1648-9; fettled in the eafterly part of Cambridge ; was chofen Lieut, of Troopers in 1656, and in 1662 Cap- tain ; was Deputy, 1672 ; was appointed to remove the Natick Indians to Deer Ifland, which he did; fucceeded Maj. Gookin as magiftrate to advife the Chriftian Indians; died 6 July, 1710. There is a tradition that he ferved un- der Cromwell. [Jacklbn's Hijl. of New- ton, 389, 4 6 9-475-] 61 Mr. Drake fuppofes his Chriftian name to have been John. [Hijl. Boji. i : 403.] In which cafe he was prob- ably that John who lived on Milton hill, who joined the church in Dorchefter, 1640, and petitioned for the incorpora- tion of Milton in 1662. He died in 1678, and left a daughter, who married Rev. Jofeph Belcher, third minifter of Dedham. [Hijl. of Dorcheflcr, 120.] 52 Mr. Drake [Hijl. BoJl. i: 403] fuppofes this to be Andrew Belcher (father of Gov. Jonathan), who was now a little more than 28 years of age. 63 Hubbard fays, " killing one Wil- liam Hammond." [Narrative, 18.] This was probably " Wm. Hammon," whofe mark was affixed as a witnefs to Philip's quitclaim of the " eight miles fquare " purchafe in Rehoboth, of date 30 March, 1668; who was doubtlefs the fame "William Hamon " who had a daughter Elizabeth born at Rehoboth, 24 Sept. 1661. Savage doubts, be- caufe " this man was of the troop of Capt. Prentifs, which muft, we fuppofe, have chiefly been compofed of volun- [5 ] received a fhot in his knee, and his Horfe was kill'd under him, Mr. Gill was ftruck with a Musket-ball on the fide of his belly; but being clad with a buff Coat 54 and fome thicknefs of Paper under it, it never broke his skin. The Troopers were furprized to fee both their Commanders wounded, and wheel'd off. But Mr. Church perfwaded, at length ftorm'd and ftampt, and told them 'twas a fhame to run, and leave a wounded Man there to become a Prey to the barbarous Enemy. For the Pilot yet fat his Horfe, tho' fo maz'd with the Shot, as not to have fenfe to guide him. Mr. Gill feconded him, and offer'd, tho' much dif- enabled, to affift in bringing him off. Mr. Church asked a Stranger who gave them his company in that action, if he would go with him and fetch off the wounded Man: He readily confented, they with Mr. Gill went, but the wounded Man fainted and fell off his Horfe before they came to him; but Mr. Church and the Stranger difmounted, took up the Man dead, and laid him before Mr. Gill on teers of Cambridge, and the neighbor- in Gardener's Pcquot Warres as killed ing town of Dedham." But Jackfon in that war, was an anachroniftic ren- \_HiJi. Neivt. 471] fays this Hammond, dering of this occurrence. But Gar- here killed, was "not of Cambridge," dener wrote in 1660, — fifteen years be- and Church fays he was the " pilot" of fore this Swanfey skirmilh. [Blifs's the party, (Mather [Brief Hiftory, 4] Rehoboth, 66 ; Plym. Col. Rcc. viii : 52 ; fays "the Indians fhot the Pilot who was Gen. Difi. ii : 34S; 3 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. directing our Souldiers in their way to iii : 130, 157.] Philip's Country,") who would moft H "A clofe military outer garment, naturally be not of the troop, but a refi- with fhort fleeves, and laced tightly over dent of the neighborhood, familiar with the cheft, made of buffalo-%Y\x\, or other the wood-paths and the enemy. Savage thick and elaftic material, worn by fol- further fuggests that the ftory of " Wil- diers in the feventeenth century as a liam Hamman of the Bay," mentioned defenfive covering." — Webjler. [6] his Horfe. Mr. Church told the other two, if they would take care of the dead Man, he would go and fetch his Horfe back, which was going off the Calfey 55 toward [6] the Enemy; but before he got over the CafTey he faw the Enemy run to the right into the Neck. He brought back the Horfe, and call'd earneftly and repeatedly to the Army to come over & fight the Enemy; and while he ftood calling & perfwading, the skulking Enemy return'd to their old ftand, and all difcharged their Guns at him at one clap, tho' every fhot mifs'd him) yet one of the Army on the other fide of the river received one of the balls in his foot. Mr. Church now began (no fuccour coming to him) to think it time to retreat: Saying, The Lord have Mercy on us, if fuch a handful of Indians fhall thus dare fuch an Army! 56 Upon this 'twas immediately refolv'd, 57 and orders were given to March down into the Neck, and having paffed 65 This is a truer fpelling than the weather was fuch, as that nothing could modern " caufeway," fince the word be done againft the enemy; this man came into our language from the French was pofieffed with a ftrong conceit, that chaujfe'e, a way paved with limeftone. God was againft the Englijh ; where- The road adjacent to the bridge was upon he immediately ran diftracted, and here evidently banked up to give dry fo was returned home a lamentable paflage over the marm skirting the Spectacle. " [Brief Hi/lory, 4.] Mr. ftream. Drake, in his late valuable reprint of 66 Mather fays " a Souldier (a ftout Mather, makes it probable that this man) who was fent from Water-toxvn, man's name was William Sherman, jr. feeing the EngliJJi Guide flain, and [p. 58.] hearing many profane oaths among fome 57 Hubbard fays "the next morn- of our Souldiers (namely thofe Priva- ing " ; which would be Tuefday, 29 teers, who were alfo Volunteers) and June. [Narrative, 18.] confidering the unfeafonablenefs of the [6] the Bridge, and Caffey, the direction was to extend both wings, which being not well headed, by thofe that remain'd in the Center, fome of them miftook their Friends for their Enemies, and made a fire upon them on the right wing, and wounded that noble Heroick Youth Enfign Savage^ in the thigh; but it happily prov'd but a flefh wound. They Marched 59 until they came to the narrow of the Neck, at a Place called Keekkamuit^ where they 53 Perez Savage, fourth fon of Thom- as, who came in the Planter from Lon- don, April, 1635, was born 17 Feb. 1652, and was now, therefore, in his 24th year, though Hubbard calls him "that young Martial Spark fcarce twenty years of age." He was wounded again in the " fwamp fight" in the following December, when he was Lieut, of the fame corps. He went to London in 1690, to carry on trade with Spain ; was taken captive by the Turks and died at Mequinez, in Barbary, during 1694. Some curious particulars about his wills are mentioned by Savage. [Gen. Did. iv : 25, 26.] Hubbard [Narrative, 19] fays he had "one bul- let lodged in his Thigh, another ihot through the brim of his hat, by ten or twelve of the Enemy difcharging upon him together, while he boldly held up his Colors in the Front of his Compa- ny." Church, as on the ground, — though dictating this account forty years after the occurrence, — is the more truftworthy authority as to the fource of the wound, and the fact of the blunder, which he alone narrates. 59 Church's language would lead one to fuppofe that they immediately con- tinued their march. But Hubbard fays, "the weather not fuffering any further adtion at that time, thofe that were thus far advanced, were compelled to retreat back to the main Guard " ; and adds that Major Savage, Commander-in- Chief of the Maffachufetts forces, arrived that night, and the next day the whole body intended to march into Mount- Hope, "but the weather being doubt- ful, our Forces did not march till near noon." This interpofes more than twenty-four hours between the skirmiih in which Enfign Savage was wounded, and what Church next proceeds to nar- rate. [Narrative, 19.] So that the actual march into the neck was on Wednefday, 30 June. 60 The narroweft part of the neck between Warren and Kikemuit rivers is a little north of the line which divides Briftol from Warren. The name Keek- kamuit was appropriated to an Indian village that flood around a fpringof that name, in this " narrow of the neck." This is fome four miles from Miles's bridge. This accords with what Hub- bard fays: "After they had marched 23 [ 6] took down the heads of Eight Englifli Men that were kill'd at the head of Melapoifet-N eck, and fet upon Polls, after the barbarous manner of thofe Salvages. There Philip had ftaved all his Drums, 61 and conveyed all his Canoo's to the Eaft-fide of Metapoifet-River.® 1 Hence it was con- cluded by thofe that were acquainted with the Motions of thofe People, that they had quitted the Neck. Mr. Church told 'em that Philip was doubtlefs gone ever 63 to Pecaffet fide, to ingage thofe Indians in Rebellion with him: which ahout a mile & a half, they patted by fome Houfes newly burned, &c. ; two or three miles further they came up with fome Heads, Scalps and Hands cut off from the bodys of fome of the Englilh, and ftuck upon Poles near the Highway, in that barbarous and inhu- mane manner bidding us Defyance." [Narrative, 19.] Parfons [Indian Names, etc. 14] fays Kihemuit means " a back river." Mr. Trumbull fays "no; it has loft an ini- tial fyllable. To-ktkommu-it (Tokke- kom, Eliot) fignifies ' at the fpring,' or ' water-fource.' This name agrees with Rev. Samuel Deane's ' clear fpring' [2 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. x: 174], though it has nothing to do with ' Kike- gat = day, or clearnefs.' Another deri- vation is poffible : Nke'ke (Nekik) flgni- fies 'otter' [7?.-/. Hijl Coll. i: 95], and may = ' path ' ; whence Nkeke-may- it would mean ' the otter path.' The former derivation is the more probable. Many Indian names, have, in like man- ner fuffered mutilation." 61 Roger Williams faid, in 1643, tnat the New England Indians originally had no drums or trumpets, though he had known a native make a very good drum in imitation of the Englilh. \_R.-I. Hijl. Coll. i: 38, 149.] The North Ameri- can Indians, in general, however, appear to have ufed the drum (and without any hint that it was borrowed from the whites) in their religious dances, and in their ceremonies when beating up re- cruits for war. [De Foreft's Hijl. In- dians oj Conn. 29 ; Schoolcraft's Hijl. of Indian Tribes, ii : 60; alfo Ibid. plate 75, where reprefentations of In- dian drums are given. See alfo, i : 425, and plate 68.] Philip had probably employed their aid in railing volunteers, and as his tadtics now led him to defert his own village, and he did not wifh to encumber himfelf with them in actual warfare, he "ftaved" and threw them away here. 62 Now known as Lee's river; fepa- rating Gardner's neck from the fouthern extremity of Somerfet. 63 Mifprint for " over," as " Pecaffet " is for " Pocaffet." 24 [6] they foon found to be true. The Enemy were not really beaten out of Mount-hope Neck, tho' 'twas true they fled from thence; yet it was before any purfu'd them. 'Twas but to ftrengthen themfelves, and to gain a more advanta- gious Poft. However, fome and not a few pleafed them- felves with the fancy of a Mighty Conqueft. 64 A grand Council was held, and a Refolve paft, to build a Fort there to maintain the firft ground they had gain'd, by the Indians leaving it to them. 65 And to fpeak the Truth, it muft be faid, That as they gain'd not that Field, by their Sword, nor their Bow; fo 'twas rather their fear than their courage, that oblig'd them to fet up the marks of their Con- queft. Mr. Church look'd upon it, and talk of it with contempt, and urged hard the purfuing the Enemy on Po~ caffet fide, and with the greater earneftnefs, becaufe of his promife made to Awa/konks, before mentioned. 66 The Council adjourned themfelves from Mount-hope to Re- hoboth® where Mr. Treafurer Southworth 68 being weary 64 Hubbard and Mather fo thought. 6G Seepage II, ante. \_Narrative, 19; Magnalia, (ed. 1853,) 67 Hubbard fays " Seaconke, or Re- ii : 562.) hobotk, a town within fix miles of Swan- 65 The fite of this fort has been iden- zy." [Narrative, 20.] The exae~t lo- tified by Mr. FefTenden as being oppo- cality referred to here would feem to be fite the narrow entrance to Kikemuit one of the "three houfes" which were river from Mount-Hope bay, on the ufed as garrifons by the inhabitants of top of the moft fouthweftern of feveral Rehoboth and Swanfey during Philip's hills on the north fide of a cove. The war, viz: that which ftood on the fouth hill is faft wearing away by the adtion end of Seekonk plain, on the fpot lately of the water at its bafe, fo that the char- occupied by the houfe of Mr. Phanuel coal and fcorched ftones from the fire- Bilhop, on the foutheaft fide of the Com- place of the fort are often falling down mon. [Blifs's Rehoboth, 78.] the declivity toward the water. [Hiji. G8 Conjlant Southtvorth was a fon of Warren, R.*I. 71.] Edward Southworth (Savage wrongly 4 25 [ 7 ] of his charge of Commiffary General, (Provilion being fcarce & difficult to be obtained, for the Army, that now lay ftill to Cover the People from no body, while they were building a Fort for nothing) retired, and the Power & Trouble of that Poft was left with Mr. Church, who Hill urged the Commanding Officers to move over to PocaJJet fide, to purfue the Enemy, [7] and kill Philip, which would in his opinion be more probable to keep poffeffion of the Neck, than to tarry to build a Fort. He was ftill reftlefs on that fide of the River, and the rather becaufe of his promife to the Squaw Sachem of Sogkonate. And Capt. Fuller® alfo urged the fame, until at length there came fur- fa ys " Conjlant, or Thomas " [ Gen. Difl. iv : 143] ) and Alice Carpenter (who, after her firft hufband's death, became the fecond wife of Gov. Bradford) ; feems to have come over in 1628 [3 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. i : 199] ; was made freeman in 1637 ; married Elizabeth Collier, 2 Nov. 1637 ; was Deputy in 1647 and 22 years following, and Treaf- urer from 1659 to 1678; was often Afiiftant, once Commiffioner for the United Colonies, and acted as Com- mifiary-General in Philip's war; died 11 March, 1679. He left three fons, and five daughters, — the fecond of whom had married Church, 26 Dec. 1667. This relationfhip by marriage explains his here throwing off "the Power & Trouble " of his poft on his fon-in-law. [Winfor's Hijl. Duxbury, 68; Plym. Col. Rec. i: 68, 74; ii: 117; iii : 8, 138, I53> 162; iv: 14, 37; v: 17, 34, etc.] 69 Matthew Fuller was fon of Ed- ward (who was brother of the famous Dr. Samuel) ; was at Plymouth in 1642 ; went to Barnftable in 1652, and was the firft phyfician there. He was Lieut, of Barnftable company in 1652 ; Deputy from Barnftable in 1653 ; went Lieut, to Miles Standiih in the Dutch expedi- tion in 1654; was fined 5a?. for " fpeak- ing reproachfully of the Court, etc.," in 1658; was appointed on the Council of War the fame year ; is fpoken of as Captain in 1670; was chofen " Surjean general" for the Dutch expedition in 1673 ; and evidently was with this ex- pedition in the fame capacity, as, at the October Court following thefe firft con- flicts in Philip's war, there was allowed "to Capt. Mathew Fuller, as furjean generall of the forces of this collonie, and for other good Jervice, fi'fortned in the countryes behalfe agai7ijl the enetnie, i?i the late expeditions, or 26 [ 7 ] ther order concerning the Fort. And with all, an order for Capt. Fuller with Six files to crofs the River to the fide fo much infifted on, and to try if he could get Speech with any of the Pocaffet or Sogkonate Indians, and that Mr. Church mould go his Second. Upon the Captains receiv- ing his orders, he ask'd Mr. Church whither he was willing to engage in this interprize: To whom 'twas indeed too agreeable to be declined; tho' he thought the enterprize was hazardous enough, for them to have more Men affign'd them. Capt. Fuller told him that for his own part he was grown Ancient and heavy, he feared the travel and fatigue would be too much for him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him, he would chearfully excufe him, his hardfhip and travel, and take that part to himfelf, if he might but go; for he had rather do any thing in the World than ftay there to build the Fort. Then they drew out the Number affigned them and March'd the fame Night 70 to the Ferry, 71 and were tranf- ported to Rhode-IJland, from whence the next Night they which maybe done for the future, as indicate the day of their departure from occation may require, the Court allow- the fort on this expedition, or the day eth him 45. a day." He died in 1678. of their arrival at Pocaffet; probably [Freeman's Hiji. Cafe Cod, ii : 324 ; the former (as moft likely to be noted Savage's Gen. Difi. ii : 217; Plym. and reported by the general company). Col. Rec. ii : 37, 45, 50; iii : 17, 24, If fo, then the little band left the fort 55> 150, 153; v: 48, 136, 175.] 7 July, and got acrofs the ferry into 70 Hubbard [Narrative, 24] fays, Pocaffet on the night of Thurfday, 8 "Upon thurfday July 7" [7 July was July. This would fix the date of the Wednesday] Captain Fuller, with Punkatees fight as Friday, 9 July. Captain Church, went into Pocaffet to 71 Briftol ferry; from the lower end feek after the enemy," etc. It is doubt- of Mount-Hope neck to Rhode-Illand, ful whether he means, by this date, to then commonly called Tripp's ferry. 27 [ 7 ] got a paffage over to PocaJ/el-Ude 72 in Rhode-IJland Boats, and concluded there to difpofe themfelves in two Ambuf- cado's before day, hoping to furprize fome of the Enemy by their falling into one or other of their Ambufments. But Capt. Fullers party being troubled with the Epide- mical plague of luft after Tobacco, muft needs ftrike fire to Smoke it; 73 and thereby difcovered themfelves to a party of the Enemy coming up to them, who immediately fled with great preciptation. This Ambufcado drew off about break of day, perceiv- ing they were difcover'd, the other continued in their Poft until the time affigned them, and the light and heat of the Sun rendred their Station both infignificant and trouble- fome, and then return'd, unto the place of Randezvous, where they were acquainted with the other parties difap- pointment, and the occaiion of it. Mr. Church calls for the breakfaft he had ordered to be brought over in the Boat: but the Man that had the charge of it confeffed that he was a-fleep when the Boats-men called him, and in hafhe came away and never thought of it. It happened that Mr. Church had a few Cakes of Rusk in his Pocket, that Madam Cranjlon (the Governour of Rhode- I/land's Lady 74 ) gave him, when he came off the Ifland, which he 72 Doubtlefs the croffing was done at hood, a common phrafe in the Old Col- what was then a ferry, — since known ony for the act of ufing tobacco by the as " Howland's ferry," — where the pipe. Stone bridge now ftands ; the narrow- " 4 Gov. John CranJlo?i feems to eft point of the " Eaft Paffage," or Nar- make his firft appearance upon record raganfett river. as appointed drummer by the General 73 "To fmoke it" was, in my child- Court at Newport, 14 March, 1644, [8] divided among the Company, which was all the Provifions they had. Mr. Church after their flender breakfaft propofed to Capt. Fuller, That he would March in quefl of the Enemy, with fuch of the Company as would be willing to March with him; which he complyed with, tho' with a great deal of fcruple, becaufe of his fmall Number, & the extream hazard he forefaw muft attend them. 75 [8] But fome of the Company had reflected upon Mr. Church, that notwithftanding his talk on the other fide of the River, he had not mown them any Indians lince they came over. Which now mov'd him to tell them, That if it was their delire to fee Indians, he believ'd he fhould now foon fhew them what they fhould fay was enough. The Number allow'd him foon drew off to him, which could not be many, becaufe their whole Company con- when he muft have been 18; was among reached the rank of Deputy Governor freemen in 1655 ; was licenfed to prac- at the date fpoken of in the text, but tile phyfic, and had the degree of M.D. Church, dictating forty years after, re- conferred on him by the General Affem- fers to him under the title by which he My in 1664; was chofen Deputy Gov- was afterwards beft known, [R.I. Col. ernor in 1672, and ferved alfo in 1673, Rec. i: 127, 301; ii : 33, 451, 481, '76, '77, and '78, in which year Gov. 541, 565; iii : 3, 4, 24; Arnold's Hijl. Arnold died, and he was chofen Gov- R.-I. i : 459 ; Savage's Gen. Di&. i : ernor; ferved as Governor till 12 March, 472.] 16S0, when he died in office, aged 54. 75 Hubbard's account would indicate He was the firft who ever held the place that a day and night had been fpent on of Major-General in Rhode-Ifland. He the Pocaffet fide, before this propofition married Mary, daughter of Dr. Jere- of Church's took place. [Narrative, miah Clark of Newport; who after his 24.] Probably he confounded this death married John Stanton, and who with the time fpent on Rhode-Iiland. died 7 April, 1711. Gov. Samuel Church, as a participant, is, of courfe, Cranfton was his fon. He had only the beft witnefs. 29 [8] lifted of no more than Thirty Six. 76 They mov'd towards Sogkonate^ until they came to the brook that runs into Nun- naquohqut Neck, 77 where they difcovered a frefh and plain Track, which they concluded to be from the great Pine Swamp 78 about a Mile from the Road that leads to Sog- konet. Now fays Mr. Church to his Men, If we follow this Track no doubt but we fhall foon fee Indians enough; they exprefs'd their willingnefs to follow the Track, and mov'd in it, but had not gone far before one of them nar- rowly efcaped being bit with a Rattle-fnake'.™ And the 76 "There being not above fifteen with Church." [Hubbard, Narrative, 24.] This would leave twenty-one with Capt. Fuller. But Church afterwards fays there were nineteen with him be- fides his "pilot"; which would indi- cate a nearly equal divifion of the little force. 77 Mr. Drake's note would fix the rivulet referred to as " that which emp- ties into the bay nearly a mile fouth- ward from Howland's ferry"; now, for fome reafon which I have never heard, bearing the ftrange name of" Sin and Flelh brook." I am perfuaded, however, that Nanaquaket brook, which croffes the road to Little Compton, fay a mile and a half further fouth, juft be- fore you reach the fchool-houfe, is that of which Church fpeaks. That " runs in " juft in the angle where Nanaqua- ket neck is joined to the main land, and therefore feems more exactly defignated by the phrase " that runs into Nutma- qiiohqut Neck" than one fo much fur- ther removed, emptying into the cove. Moreover, its relative bearing to the fwamp of which Church proceeds to fpeak is nearer to the demand of the text than that of the other. This neck is that promontory in Tiv- erton which flopes up northward and weftward toward the ifland of Rhode- Ifland, next fouth of the Stone bridge. The name (NunnaquaJiqatt, None- quackct, Nanaquaket, Qnaci/t, etc.) may have this fenfe : Nunnukque means "dangerous," "unfafe"; whence Nitn- nukqueo/ike (contracted Nunnukquok) would be " an unfafe or dangerous place." The final et is locative, — " at" or " in." 78 Still there, and diftant about a mile due eaft from the fpot which I fuppofe Church to have now reached. 79 Rattlefnakes were formerly abun- dant in New England. Prince fays, (14 Aug. 1632,) " this fummer is very wet and cold, except now and then a hot day or two, which caufes great ftore of musketoes and rattlefnakes." [Ed. 1852, 400.] 3o [8] Woods that the Track lead them through was haunted much with thofe Snakes, which the little Company feem'd more to be afraid of than the black Serpents they were in queft of, and therefore bent their courfe another way; to a Place where they thought it probable to find fome of the Enemy. Had they kept the Track to the Pine Swamp they had been certain of meeting Indians enough; but not fo certain that any of them fhould have return'd to give account how many. Now they pafs'd down into Punkatees m Neck; and in their March difcocovered a large Wigwam full of Indian Truck, which the Souldiers were for loading themfelves with; until Mr. Church forbid it; telling them they might expert foon to have their hands full, and bufinefs without caring for Plunder. Then croffing the head of the Creek into the Neck, they again difcovered frefh, Indian Tracks, very lately pafs'd before them into the Neck. They then got privately and undifcovered, unto the Fence of Capt. Almy\ Peafe-fleld, 81 and divided into two Parties, Mr. Church keeping the one Party with himfelf, fent the other with Lake®' that was acquainted with the ground, on the 80 Punkatees neck — fome two miles tion or fignification of the name has in length and one mile in extreme width not been fuggefted. — moots out from the main land of 81 See note 4. At leaft four fami- Tiverton fouthward and weftward, much lies of Almys now own and till many as Nimnaquohqut neck turns up north- of the fertile acres of this beautiful ward and weftward. It was alio called promontory. Pocaffet neck. The entrance to it is 82 David Lake, or Leake, volun- diredtly weft from the fmall village of teered 10 Aug. 1667, in a troop of Tiverton Four Corners. The deriva- horfe upon Rhode Illand. If this were 3i [9 ] other fide. Two Indians were foon difcovered coming out of the Peafe-field towards them: When Mr. Church & thofe that were with him concealed themfelves from them, by falling flat on the ground : but the other divifion not ufing the fame caution were feen by the Enemy, which occafioned them to run; which when Mr. Church per- ceiv'd, he fhew'd himfelf to them, and call'd, telling them he defired but to fpeak with them, and would not hurt them. But they run, and Church purfued. The Indians clim'd over a Fence and one of them facing about dif- charged his Piece, but without effect on the Englifh'. One of the EngliJJi Souldiers ran up to the Fence and fir'd upon him that had difcharged his Piece; and they concluded by the yelling they heard that the Indian was wounded; but the Indians foon got into the thickets, whence they faw them no more for the prefent. [9] Mr. Church then Marching over a plain piece of Ground where the Woods were very thick on one fide; order'd his little Company to March at double diftance, to make as big a fhow (if they fhould be difcovered) as might be. But before they faw any body, they were Saluted with a the fame man, he probably — as a refi- net line, (which would be in what is dent of the ifland and familiar with the now Tiverton, where men of the fame neighboring localities — accompanied name now live, upon it,) becaufe he had this expedition as the "pilot," of whom " bin very ufefull and ferviceable to the Church fpeaks further on. [R.-I. Col. country in the late warr." Thomas Rec. ii. 21S.) Plymouth Colony the Lake — whether his brother, or not, I next year granted to David Lake "three- cannot fay — had a fimilar grant, at the fcore acrees " of land eaftward from fame time, of forty acres. [R.-I. Col. Punchateefet pond and north of Saco- Rec. ii : 21S; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 214.] 32 [9] Volly of fifty or fixty Guns ; fome Bullets came very fur- prizingly near Mr. Church, who ftarting, look'd behind him, to fee what was become of his Men, expecting to have feen half of them dead, but feeing them all upon their Leggs and briskly firing at the Smokes of the Ene- mies Guns, (for that was all that was then to be feen) He Blefs'd God, and called to his Men not to difcharge all their Guns at once, left the Enemy ftwuld take the advant- age of fuch an opportunity to run upon them with their Hatches? 2, Their next Motion was immediately into the Peafe-field. When they came to the Fence Mr. Church bid as many as had not difcharg'd their Guns, to clap under the Fence, and lye clofe, while the other at fome diftance in the Field flood to charge; hoping that if the Enemy mould creep to the Fence to gain a fhot at thofe that were charg- ing their Guns, they might be furprized by thofe that lay under the Fence. But calling his Eyes to the fide of the Hill above them; 84 the hill feem'd to move, being covered over with Indians, with their bright Guns glittering in the Sun, and running in a circumference with a delign to fur- round them. Seeing fuch Multitudes furrounding him and his little Company; it put him upon thinking what was become of the Boats that were ordered to attend him: And looking 83 Hatchets, or tomahawks. riling abruptly toward the ridge of the 84 The bluff above them ; the peafe- promontory. The hill is not very high, field being near the more, and the land yet the flope is fteep. 5 33 [9] up, he fpy'd them a more at Sandy-point^ on the Ifland fide of the River, with a number of Horfe and Foot by them, and wondred what mould be the occafion; until he was afterwards informed, That the Boats had been over that Morning from the Ifland, and had landed a Party of Men at Fogland^ that were defign'd in Punkatees Neck to fetch off fome Cattel and Horfes, but were Ambufcado'd, and many of them wounded by the Enemy. 87 Now our Gentlemans Courage and Conduct were both put to the Teft, he incourages his Men; and orders fome to run and take a Wall to fhelter before the Enemy gain'd it. Twas time for them now to think of efcaping if they knew "which way. Mr. Church orders his Men to ftrip to their white Shirts, that the I/landers might difcover them to be Englilh Men; & then orders Three Guns to be fired diftinct, hoping it might be obferv'd by their friends on the oppofite Shore. 88 The Men that were ordered to take 85 Probably what is now designated affaulted by the fame Indians, and one as "McCarry's point," on the Portf- of the five Avas Capt. Churches Servant, mouth more, rather than that now called who had his Leg broke in the Skirmifh, "Sandy point," which is a mile and a the reft hardly efcaping with their lives : half further fouth. this was the firft time that ever any 86 Foglcuid point is a fpur of land mifchief was done by the Indians upon projecting from the weftern fhore of Pocajfet Neck. Thofe of Road-IJIand Punkatees neck, and reaching a third were hereby Alarmed to look to them- of the way acrofs Narraganfett river felves, as well as the reft of the Englifh toward Portfmouth on the ifland of of Plimoufh, or the Majfachufets Col- Rhode-Ifland. ony." [Narrative, 25.] 87 Hubbard fays: "It feems in the 88 It was probably not over a mile former part of the fame day, five men and a half in a ftraight line, from the coming from Road-IJIand, to look up fcene of this fkirmifh to the point acrofs their Cattle upon Pocajfet Neck, were the water where their friends were. 34 [ io] the Wall, being very hungry, ftop'd a while among the Peafe to gather a few, being about four Rod from the Wall; the Enemy from behind it hail'd them with a Shower of Bullets; but foon all but one came tumbling over an old hedge down the bank where Mr. Church and the reft were, and told him that his Brother B. Southworth^ who was the Man that was miffing, was kill'd, that they faw him fall; and fo they did indeed fee him fall, but 'twas without a [io] Shot, and lay no longer than till he had opportunity to clap a Bullet into one of the Enemies Fore- head, and then came running to his Company. The mean- nefs 90 of the Engli/Ji's Powder was now their greateft mis- 89 Either this record is wrong in this initial, or Conftant Southworth (note 68) had a fon not down on the records. Savage, Winfor, and Mitchell agree that he had only three fons, {Edward, Nathaniel, and William,') and four daughters, befides Alice, who married Church. The earlieft Benjamin on the record of the family was Benjamin, fon of Edward (Conftant's eldeft fon), who was born in 1680, five years after this fight. Edward's age at this date is not known, but, as he had been married in 1669, he may perhaps have been near 30 ; Nathaniel was 27, and William only 16. It feems clear that the perfon here al- luded to was one of Church's brothers- in-law, and it is more probable that the initial "W" or "N" was mifprinted " B," and the blunder paffed uncorrect- ed, than that there was any " B. South- worth," fon of Conftant, elfewhere un- recorded. [Gen. Di&. iv : 143; Hijl. Duxbury, 314; Hijl. Bridgexvater, 304-] 90 Church feems here to ufe the word " meannefs " as equivalent to fcantinefs, — with reference to the quantity rather than the quality. There is no hint in the account of the action but that the powder which they had was good enough, but they were evidently re- duced to a very ihort allowance. Up to this date the powder of the Colonifts appears to have been Englifh made. The firft powder-mill on this fide was juft in procefs of preparation ; Rev. John Oxenbridge, Rev. James Allen, Dea. Robert Sanderfon, (all of the firft church in Bofton,) with Capt. John Hall and Freegrace Bendall, merchants of Bofton, 22 Aug. 1673, having pur- chafed of John Gill, of Milton, a privi- lege on Neponfet river, and having entered into articles of agreement, 16 July, 1675, to erect a building and " im- 35 [ io] fortune; when they were immediately upon this befet with Multitudes of Indians, who poffeffed themfelves of every Rock, Stump, Tree, or Fence that was in light, firing upon them without cealing; while they had no other Ihelter but a fmall bank & bit of a water Fence. And yet to add to the difadvantage of this little handful of diftreffed Men; The Indians alfo pofTeffed themfelves of the Ruines of a Stone-houfe that over look'd them, and of the black Rocks to the Southward of them; 91 fo that now they had no way to prevent lying quite open to fome, or other of the prove a powder mill " at faid Neponfet. The fafety of this mill was a fubjedt of legislation, in October and November following. [Hift. of Dorchefter, 607, 609.] 91 In the fecond edition of this narra- tive [Newport, R.-I. 1772], South- wick's compofitor here careleffly dropped out the words " and of the black Rocks to the Southward of them," and Dr. Stiles did not difcover the omiffion ; fo that, as all the fubfequent editions have been reprints of Southwick's, and not of the original, the hint of exact locality which they furnifh has hitherto been overlooked. On recently vifiting Punk- atees neck and going carefully over it in order to identify, if poffible, the exact fpot where this peafe-field was fituated, I found on the edge of the fhore the re- mains of an outcropping ledge of foft black flaty rock, which differs fo decid- edly from any other rocks in the vicin- ity, and which — making allowance for the wear of the waves for near 200 years — anfwers fo well to the demand of the text, as to incline me to the judg- ment that they may identify the fpot. If this be fo, the peafe-field muft have been on the weftern fhore of Punkatees neck, a little north of the juncture of Fogland point with the main promon- tory, and almoft due eaft of the north- ern extremity of Fogland point, — which runs up northerly and wefterly as it pufhes over toward Rhode-Ifland ; ly- ing a little north of the range of the Almy burying-ground, which is in the rear of the prefent refidence of Mr. Horace Almy. Whether this be a cor- rect fuppofition or not, the near neigh- borhood of what is ftill called Church's well — a fpring ftoned round like a well, and fending a tiny rivulet down to the fea, a few rods fouth of thefe remains of what were once " black rocks," and almoft oppofite the prefent refidence of Mr. Samuel Almy, at the terminus of the road leading to Fogland ferry — fixes the fcene of the fight with fufficient accuracy, as being near the juncture of Fogland point with Punkatees neck. 36 [ io] Enemy, but to heap up Stones before them, as they did, and ftill bravely and wonderfully defended themfelves, againft all the numbers of the Enemy. At length came over one of the Boats from the Ifland Shore, but the En- emy ply'd their Shot fo warmly to her as made her keep at fome diftance; Mr. Church defired them to fend their Canoo a-fhore to fetch them on board; but no perfwalions, nor arguments could prevail with them to bring their Ca- noo to fhore. Which fome of Mr. Churches Men perceiv- ing, began to cry out, For God's fake to take them off, for their Ammunition was fpent, &c. Mr. Church being fenfible of the danger of the Enemies hearing their Complaints, and being made acquainted with the weaknefs and fcan- tinefs of their Ammunition, fiercely called to the Boats- mafter, and bid either fend his Canoo a-fhore, or elfe be- gone prefently, or he would fire upon him. Away goes the Boat and leaves them ftill to fhift for themfelves. But then another difficulty arofe; the Enemy feeing the Boat leave them, were reanimated & fired thicker & fatter than ever; Upon which fome of the Men that were lighteft of foot, began to talk of attempting an efcape by flight: until Mr. Church follidly convinced them of the impra6ticablenefs of it ; and incouraged them yet, told them, That he had obferv'd fo much of the remarkable and zvonderful Providence of God hitherto prefcrving them, that incouraged him to believe with much confidence that God would yet preferve them ; that not a hair of their head fJiould fall to the ground ; bid them be Patient, Couragious and Prudently 37 [ " ] /paring of their Ammunition, and he made no doubt but they Jlwutd come well off yet, &c. until his little Army, again re- folve one and all to flay with, and ftick by him. One of them by Mr. Churches order was pitching a flat Stone up an end before him in the Sand, when a Bullet from the Enemy with a full force ftroke the Stone while he was pitching it an end; which put the poor fellow to a mifer- able ftart, till Mr. Church calPd upon him to obferve, How God direcled the Bullets that the Enemy could not hit him when in the fame place, yet could hit the Stone as it was erected. While they were thus making the belt defence they could againft their numerous Enemies that made the Woods ring with their conftant yelling [n] and fhout- ing : And Night coming on, fome body told Mr. Church, they fpy'd a Sloop up the River as far as Gold-Ifland, 2 that feemed to be coming down towards them: He look'd up and told them Succour was now coming, for he believed it zvas Capt. Golding, 93 whom he knew to be a Man for bufi- 92 Gould IJland is a fmall rocky ifl- I. ; at any rate he is dubioufly referred and, perhaps three quarters of a mile to in that connection in the R.-I. Colo- due fouth of the Stone bridge. It was nial Records for 6 Nov. 1672. He was purchafed of the Indians, 28 Mar. 1657, prefent at the killing of Philip. He by Thomas Gould, of Newport, and married Penelope, daughter of the firft took its name from him, and not, as has Benedict Arnold. Plymouth Colony, been fometimes ftated, from the occur- 1 Nov. 1676, gave Capt. Golding one rence here narrated. [Arnold's Hijl. hundred acres of land, becaufe he "hath R.-I. i : 266 ; Fowler's Hijl. Sketch of approued himfelfe to be our conftant, Fall River, 9.] reall frind in the late warr, and very of- 93 Caft. Roger Golding {Golden, ficious and healpfull as occation hath Goulden) was captain of a velfel, and bine, when as our armies and fouldiers feems to have lived in Portfmouth, R.- haue bin in thole p'tes, and haue had 3S [ » ] nefs\ and would certainly fetch them off, if he came: the Wind being fair, the Veffel was foon with them; and Capt. Golding it was. Mr. Church (as foon as they came to Speak one with another) deiired him to come to Anchor at fiich a dijlance froin the Shore that he might veer out his Cable and ride a float, and let flip his Canoo that it might drive afhore\ which directions Capt. Golding obferv'd; but the Enemy gave him fuch a warm Salute, that his Sails ? Colour, and Stern w T ere full of Bullet holes. The Canoo came alhore, 94 but was fo fmall that fhe would not bare above two Men at a time; and when two were got aboard, they turn'd her loofe to drive afhore for two more: and the Sloops company kept the Indians in play the while. But when at laft it came to Mr. Churches turn to go aboard, he had left his Hat and Cutlalh at the Well 95 where he went to drink, when he firft came down; he told his Company, He would never go off and leave his Hat and CutlaJJi for the Indians ; they fliould never have that to reflecl ttpon him. Tho' he was much diffwaded from it, yet he would go fetch them. He put all the Powder he had left into his Gun (and a poor charge it was) and went neffefitie of the tranfportation of our 94 The wind was probably northweft- men to the faid Hand [Rhode-Ifland] erly, as it is apt to be there on a pleaf- and otherwife very reddy to doe vs ant day, which would be exactly " fair" good." This land adjoined that of the for Capt. Golding in running down, as Lakes (note 82, ante). \R.-I. Col. narrated; and which would foon drift a Rec. ii : 480; Savage, Gen. Difl. ii. light canoe on lhore. 287; Plym. Col. Rec. v: 214. See alfo 95 See note 91, ante. I fee no reafon Plym. Col. Rec. v: 242, and vi : 120, to doubt the truftworthinefs of the tra- for further facts concerning Capt. G.] dition identifying this well. 39 [ " ] prefenting his Gun at the Enemy, until he took up what he went for; at his return he difcharged his Gun at the Enemy to bid them farewel, for that time; but had not Powder enough to carry the Bullet half way to them. Two Bullets from the Enemy ftuck the Canoo as he went on Board, one grazed the hair of his Head a little before; another ftruck in a fmall Stake that flood right againft the middle of his Breaft. Now this Gentleman with his Army, making in all 20 Men, himfelf, and his Pilot being numbred with them, got all fafe aboard after Six hours ingagement with 300 Indians\ whofe Number we were told afterwards by fome of themfelves. A deliverance which that good Gentleman often mentions to the Glory of God, and His Protecting Prov- idence. The next day 96 meeting with the reft of their little Company, whom he had left at Pocaffet, (that had alfo a fmall skirmifh with the Indians, and had two Men Wounded) 97 they return'd to the Mount-hope Garrifon; which Mr. Church us'd to call the looling Fort. Mr. Church then returning to the Ifland 98 to feek Pro virion for the Army, meets with Alderman^ a noted Indian that 96 Friday, 9 July, 1675. 9S Rhode Ifland. 97 Capt. Fuller "either faw or heard 99 Alderman was a fubject of Wecta- too many Indians for himfelf and his moe (note 24), but at the commence- Company to deal with, which made him ment of the war went to the Governor and them betake themfelves to an of Plymouth, and defired to remain at Houfe near the Water-fide, from whence peace with the Engliih ; and now left they were fetched off by a floop before Pocaffet for Rhode Ifland in that intent, night to Road- IJla?id." [Hubbard's It was his bullet that eventually killed Narrative, 24.] Philip. [Drake's Book of the Ind. 226.] 40 [ 12 ] was juft come over from the Squaw Sachenfs Cape of Pocajfet, having deferted from her, and had brought over his Family: Who gave him an account of the State of the Indians, and where each of the Sagamores head quarters were. Mr. Church then difcours'd with fome who knew the Spot well where the Indians faid Weetamores head quarters were, and offered their Service to Pilot him. With this News he [12] haftned to the Mount-hope Gar- rifon. The Army exprefs'd their readinefs to imbrace fuch an opportunity. All the ablefl Souldiers were now immediately drawn off equip'd & difpatch'd upon this defign, under the Com- mand of a certain Officer: 100 and having March'd about two Miles, vis. until they came to the Cove 101 that lyes .S. W. from the Mount, where orders was given for an halt. The Commander in Chief told them he thought it proper to take advice before he went any further; called Mr. Church and the Pilot, and ask'd them, How they knew that Philip and all his Men were not by that time got to Weeta- mores Camp) or that all her own Men were not by that ti?ne returned to her again ? With many more frightful queftions. Mr. Church told him, they had acquainted him with as much as they knew, and that for his part he could 100 Hubbard fays, Church borrowed 101 Now called Mount Cove. They "three files of Men of Capt. Hcnchinan were, no doubt, on their way to Briftol with his Lieutenant:" this Lieutenant ferry — then called Tripp's ferry [JR. -I. was doubtlefs, then, the officer in com- Col. Rec. iii : 535] — to crofs to Rhode- mand. Fortunately for his memory Ifland, and thence, over Howland's fer- his name was not defignated. \_Nar- ry, to Pocaffet, whence it would be a rative, 25.] little over ft*, miles to " the Fall River." 6 41 [ 13 ] difcover nothing that need to difcourage tJmn from Proceed- ing, that he thought it fo practicable, that he with the Pilot would willingly lead the way to the Spot and hazard the brunt. But the Chief Commander infilled on this, That the Enemies number were fo great, and he did not know what numbers more might be added u?ito them by that time : A?id his Company fo fmall, that he cotild not think it practi- cable to attack them. Added moreover, That if he was fure of killing all the Enemy, and knew that he mufl lofe the Life of one of his Men in the action, he would not attempt it. Pray Sir, then (Reply'd Mr. Church) Pleafe to lead 102 your Company to yonder Windmill on Rhode-Ifland, and there they will be out of da?iger of being killed by the Enemy, and we fliall have lefs trotible tofupply them with Provifions. But return he would, and did, unto the Garrifon until more ftrength came to them : And a Sloop to tranfport them to the Fall River, 103 in order to vifit Weetamores 102 The abfence of water power on now abforbed this fall; fo that the vifitor the Illand led, as early as 1663, to the muft fearch for what was once the moft eredtion of windmills for grinding corn ; prominent feature of the locality, and feveral eminences in the town of Fowler fays, the word Quequecha.71 Portfmouth are now crowned with them, fignifies "falling water," or " quick- which may be feen from far. [Arnold's running water;" but Mr. Trumbull Hiji. R.-I. i : 370.] fays, " Cktkee, or Ckec/ie, alone, or in 103 Qiicquechan River — the outlet of compofition, means 'violent,' 'forcible,' Watuppa Pond — was about two miles and is fometimes applied to running long and lefs than one rod in width, water, as it is to ' that which fweeps and when within 150 rods of tide-water away,' e. g. chekhihunk, ' a broom ' or it fuddenly defcended 132 feet to meet ' befom,' and chek-eju ' the northweft it. It took naturally, therefore, the wind.' I do not think, however, that name of " the fall of the river," or Fall it is found in Quequechan, and clearly River. The various factories have not unlefs the laft part of the name — 42 [ 12 ] Camp. Mr. Church, one Baxter™ and Capt. Hunter™ an Indian, profer'd to go out on the difcovery on the left Wing; which was accepted; they had not March'd above a quarter of a Mile before they ftarted Three of the Enemy. Capt. Htmter wounded one of them in his knee, whom when he came up he difcovered to be his near kinfman; the Captive defired favour for his Squaw, if fhe mould fall into their hands, but ask'd none for himfelf, excepting the liberty of taking a Whiff of Tobacco, and while he was taking his Whiff, his kinfman with one blow of his Hatchet difpatch'd him. Proceeding to Weeta?nores Camp, 106 they were difcover'd by one of the Enemy, who fignifying ' water,' 'ftream,' or fome- thing of the kind — has been loft." [Fowler's Hijl. Sketch, Fall River, 27.] 104 Thomas Baxter, bricklayer, of Yarmouth, 5 March, 1671-2, was ac- cufed of " mifdemeanor att the meet- ing-houfe att Yarmouth ; " and, again, of entering Edward Sturgis's houfe on Lord's Day, 11 April, 1675, and ftealing from the fame ; but was cleared on both charges : he was alfo one of 30 foldiers " that were preffed into the country's fervice, and went to Mount-Hope againft our enemies the Indians, in the year 1675, and took their firft march June 24." He was wounded in the war, and £20 were allowed him by the Ply- mouth Court, 10 July, 1677, as a "maim- ed fouldier, whoe hath loft the vfe of one of his hands in the time hee was in the countryes fervice." I have met with no record of any other of the name as being in this war, and prefume this ref- erence to be to him. [Plym. Col. Rec. v : 87, 16S, 239 ; Freeman's Hijl. Cape Cod, ii : 193.] 105 Capt. Hunter appears to have been a Chriftianized Nipmuk Indian. On the 6th of July — two days before the fight in Almy's peafe-field — Capt. Johnfon, on the order of the Governor and Council of Maffachufetts, had con- dueled a body of " about 52 " Praying Indians (being one-third part of then- able-bodied men) to the army at Mount- Hope. Among them was John Hunter, who, on his return, had a reward given him for his faithfulnefs ; he bringing back with him a fcalp ; that, no doubt, of the Indian referred to in the text. \Tranfadio?is Amer. Antiquarian So- ciety, ii: 442, 444.] 106 This feems to have been fitua- ted on the northern fide of what is now called Pocaffet Cedar Swamp ; perhaps two miles and a half fouth of the city 43 [ «3 ] ran in and gave Information; upon which a lufty Young Fellow left his Meat upon his Spit, running haftily out told his companions, he would kill an EngliJJi man before he eat his dinner', but fail'd of his defign, being no fooner out but fhot down. The Enemies fires, and what fhelter they had was by the Edge of a thick Cedar Swamp, into which on this Alarm they betook themfelves; and the Englifh as nimbly purfued; but were foon commanded back by their Chieftain after they were come within hear- ing of the Crys of their Women, and Children, and fo ended that Exploit. 107 But returning to their Sloop the Enemy purfued them and wounded two of their Men. The next day return'd to the Mount-hope Garrifon. [13] Soon after this, 108 was Philips head Quarters vifited by fome other EngliJJi Forces ; but Philip and his gang had the very fortune to efcape that Weetamore and hers (but now mentioned) had: they took into a Swamp and their purfuers were commanded back. After this 109 Dart- of Fall River, and lying between South thought they had him hemmed in Watuppa Pond and the hights which there, and fo the Plymouth forces and look down on Mount-Hope Bay. Capt. Henchman with ioo foot, were 107 Hubbard fays, "wherein fome few left to "attend the Enemies motion, of them [the Indians] fourteen or fif- being judged fufficient for that end." teen were flain." ^Narrative, 25.] One night, however, " in the end of 108 Hubbard fays that our forces went July" Philip and his warriors either to Rehoboth on Friday, 15 July (15 waded acrofs Taunton river, at a very July was ThurJ'day), next day to Mat- low tide, or got over on rafts, and ef- tapoifett, and next day to Taunton. caped to the Nifimuk Country. [JVar- July 18 (Hubbard calls it " Munday," rative, 25-27.] Fowler [Hiji. Sketch, but the 18th was Sunday ; fo that they Fall River, 10] fays they croiTed juft probably ftarted on the 19th) they above where Fall River now ftands. marched 18 miles, and attacked Philip 109 Dartmouth feems to have been " in the great fwampe upon Pocajfct deftroyed by the Indians in the latter neck, of feven miles long." They half of July. 44 [ 13 ] mouths diftreffes required Succour, great Part of the Town being laid defolate, and many of the Inhabitants kill'd; the moil of Plymouth Forces were order'd thither: And com- ing to Rujfels Garrifon at Poncganfet™ they met with a Number of the Enemy that had furrendred themfelves Prifoners on terms promifed by Capt. Eels 111 of the Garri- fon; and Ralph Earl 112 that perfwaded them (by a friend Indian he had employed) to come in. And had their promifes to the Indians been kept, and the Indians farely treated, 'tis probable that moft if not all the Indians in thofe Parts, had foon followed the Example of thofe that had now furrendred themfelves; which would have been a good flep towards finifhing the War. But in fpite of all that Capt. Eels, Church, or Earl could fay, argue, plead, or beg, fome body elfe that had more Power in their hands 110 The Apponeganfett River (or eight children, Rev. Nathaniel, of Scit- cove) is the fecond cove making up uate. \_HiJi. Dorchefter, 51 ; Deane's from Buzzard's Bay weft and fouth of Scituate, 197; Harry's Hanover, 301.] New-Bedford harbor. Faint traces 112 Ralph Earl appears to have been of the cellar of this garrifon-houfe fon of Ralph, of Portfmouth, R.-L, and might lately be feen, near a fpring on to have removed to Dartmouth in con- the eaft bank of this river, about a mile fequence of the gift to him of " half a from its mouth. John Ruffell was one fhare in Coaxit and Aculhnet " by of the earlieft fettlers of Dartmouth. Francis Sprague of Duxbury, who calls [Ricketfon's Hijl. New Bedford, 15, him " fon-in-law." He was fined, 29 35' J 54'] 06t. 166S, 55, for "affronting the con- 111 Capt. Samuel Eclls feems to have ftable " of Dartmouth. He was himfelf been the fon of John, of Dorchefter. conftable in 1670. I am forry to add He was baptized at Dorchefter, 3 May, that a perfon of that name was fined 1640. He "commanded a garrifon at 205, at Plymouth, 5 Oct., 1663, for Dartmouth, Mafs., in Philip's war," " drawing his wife in an vnciuell man- married Anna, daughter of Rev. Robert or on the fnow." [Savage's Gen. Did. Lenthal of Weymouth, and died in ii : 91 ; Plym. Col. Rec. iv : 47 ; v : 10, Hingham in 1709; leaving, among 36.] 45 [ n ] improv'd it; and without any regard to the promifes made them on their furrendring themfelves, they were carry'd away to Plymouth^ there fold, and tranfported out of the Country; being about Eight- fcore Perfons. 113 An action fo 113 The following I take to be the order of the Council of war upon this cafe, 4 Aug., 1675, which hints the light in which the government viewed the matter : — " In reference vnto a companie of " natiues now in coftodv, brought in to " Plymouth, being men, weomen, and " children, in number one hundred and " twelue, vpon ferioufe and deliberate " confideration and agitation conferning " them, the conclufion is as followeth : " that wheras, vpon examination, it is " found that feuerall of them haue bine " actors in the late rifing and warr of " the Indians againft vs, and the reft " complyers with them therein, which " they haue done contrary to engage- " ment and couenant made and plighted "with this collonie, which they haue "p'fidioufly broken, as appeereth fur- " ther alfoe in that they did not dif- " couer that p'nifious plott which Phillip, "with others, completed againft vs, "which hath caufed the destruction of " feuerall of vs, by loffe of liues and " eftates, and ftill held in danger " therby, the p'mifes confidered as " aforefaid, the councell adjudged them "to be fold, and deuoted vnto fervi- " tude, excepting fome few of them, " which, vpon ipeciall confideration, " are to be otherwife diipofed of, and " the Treafurer is appointed by the " councell to make fale of them in the " countryes behalfe." On the fecond of September follow- ing, Similar action was taken in the cafe of " a certaine p'fell of Indians lately come in to Sandwich in a fub- miffiue way to this collonie." They were adjudged to be " in the fame con- dition of rebellion," and " condemned vnto p'petuall fervitude." There were 57 of thefe, which, added to the former H2, made 169; not far from Church's eight fcore. Thacher, under date of Oct. 4, 1765, faj's, " one hundred and feventy-eight [Indians] had recently been shipped on board of Captain Sprague, for Cadiz"; unquestionably referring to this fame melancholy mif- judgment. It is effential to the proper underftanding of fuch a transaction as this, that the general cuftom and feeling of the time fhould be confidered. A very curious document has been pre- ferved, of date 14 Aug., 1676, mowing that Roger Williams was chairman of a committee in Rhode-Ifland to difpofe of fome Indian captives whom they had taken. All under 5 years of age were fold to ferve till they were 30 ; all be- tween 5 and 10, till 2S ; all between 10 and 15, till 27 ; all between 15 and 20, till 26 ; all between 20 and 30 were to ferve 8 years ; all above 30, 7 years. Judge Staples fays that, in moft in- stances, Indian prifoners "were fent out of the country and fold for Slaves for life." [Pfym. Col. Rcc. v : 173, 174; Hift. Plym. 136 ; R.-I. Hiji. Coll. v : 170.] 46 [ 13 ] hateful to Mr. Church, that he oppof 'd it to the lofs of the good Will and Refpe6ts of fome that before were his good Friends. But while thefe things were acting at Dart- mouth, Philip made his efcape, leaving his Country, fled over Tauu ton-River, and Peho5oth-P\a'm, m and Petuxet- River, 115 where Capt. Edmunds of Providence™ made fome fpoil upon; and had probably done more, but was pre- vented by the coming up of a Superiour Officer, 117 that put him by. And now another Fort was built at PocaJJet. 118 i 14 Seekonk Plain. 115 See note 108, ante. Pawtucket and Pawtuxet should not be confounded, as thej are different names. Pautuck-et is " at the falls of the river; " Pautuxet (Pautuck-eje-et) introduces a diminu- tive, i. e. " at the little falls of the river." The river referred to in the text is now called the Blackftone. 116 Capt. Andrew Edmutids {Ed- monds or Edmunds) was of Providence, and married Mary, dau. of Benj. Her- endean, 14 Odt., 1675 ; 7 Aug., 1676 the R.-I. Afiembly voted him and his com- pany one-half of the money accruing from the fale of 35 Indians "brought in by them ; " 17 June, 16S4 he ferved on a Coroner's Jury on the death of John Miller of Rehoboth ; 25 Dec, 16S9 Plymouth Court ordered him 205. a week for his fervice in the Eaftern Ex- pedition, and, by vote of 3 March, 1690, the Rhode-Ifland Afiembly added £6 to it. He died previous to 1696, having had five children. His widow was allowed to keep the ferry over See- konk river. [Savage's Gen. Did. ii : 101 ; R.-I. Col. Pec. ii : 549; iii : 263, 277, 2S0, 313; Plym. Col. Pec. vi : 143, 229.] 117 Hubbard names Capt. Henchman in this connection, and adds "what the reafon was why Philip was followed no further, it is better to fufpend, then too critically to inquire." The infer- ence, taken with what Church fays, is that Henchman was the man on whom the blame refted. [Narrative, 28.] The Rev. Noah Newman of Rehoboth was very efficient and ufeful in this afiault on the retreating Philip. [Blifs's Rehoboth, 87.] 118 Capt. Cudworth urged this. He wrote to Gov. Winffow, 20 July, 1675, from Mount-Hope Neck, faying " Now that which we confider to be beft, is to maintain our garrifon, though but with twenty men, and that there be another garrifon at Pocajfet ; and to have a fly- ing army, to be in motion " (doubtlefs with thefe points as its bafe) "to keep the Indians from deftroying our cattle, and fetching in fupply of food ; which being attended, will bring them to great ftraights, &c." [1 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. vi : 85.] I have not been able to identify 47 [ 13 ] that prov'd as troublefome and chargeable as that at Mount-hope " 3 and the remainder of the Summer was im- prov'd in providing for the Forts and Forces there main- tained, while our Enemies were fled fome hundreds of Miles into the Country, near as far as Albany. And now ftrong Sufpicions began to arife of the Narraganfet In- dians™ that they were ill affected, and deligned mifchief; and fo the event foon difcovered. The next Winter they began their Hoftilities, upon the EngliJJi™ The United Colonies then agreed to fent an Army to fupprefs them: 121 the fite of this Pocaflet garrifon, but fuppofe it to have been within the pres- ent city-limits of Fall River. 119 The Narraga7ifett Indians may be generally defcribed as having occupied the lower half of what is now the main land of the State of Rhode-Ifland, in- cluding the whole of Wafhington, with the lower portion of Kent Counties. [Gookin, i Mafs. Hift. Coll. i : 147; R.- I.HiJh. Coll. iii: 1.] With regard to the fignificance of this name, concern- ing which various fuggeftions have been made, (Drake's Book of the In- dians, 87, note,) Mr. Trumbull quotes Roger Williams : "I was within a pole of it, but could not learn why it was called Nahiganfct," and fays, "to whom I have nothing to add." 120 From the date of Philip's efcape acrofs Taunton River (1 Aug.), hoftilities had been in progrefs. Mendon fettlers fell firft. Early in Auguft, £>iiaboag (Brookfield) was deftroyed. About the firft of September, Deerfield was burned. Soon after, Squakeag (Northfield) was afiaulted, and the majority of Capt Beers's party, going to its relief, killed. Early in October, Springfield was at- tacked, and 32 houfes fired. A few days later, 19 06t., Hatfield was affailed. The Narraganfetts fheltered the women of the warrior Indians, and guns were found among them which had been taken from Beers's men ; fo that they were judged to be in complicity with Philip. [Hubbard's Narrative, 32-42, 48 ; Holmes's Annals, i : 372-375 ; Hoyt's Indian Wars, 99-112.] 121 The Commiftioners of the United Colonies wrote from Bofton, 12 Nov., 1675, to Rhode-Ifland, on this fubjedt, as follows: " Findeing that y* Narrigan- fets under pretence of freindlhip haue bine and are very fals and perfideoufe, holdeing as is reported to us great Cor- rifpondency with the Enemy that are in more open hoftillity receiveing, releeving, and Contrary to their Cove- nant detayneing many of the Enemy men, women, and children to their great advantage and our prejudife, and 4 S [ *3 ] Governour Win/low™ to command the Army. He under- taking the Expedition, invited Mr. Church to command a Company in the Expedition; which he declin'd, craving excufe from taking Commiffion, he promifed to wait upon him as a Reformado Ylz thro' the Expedition. Having rid with the General to Bofton™ and from thence to Reho- both. Upon the Generals requeft he went thence the near- eft way over the Ferries, with Major Smith 125 to his by many other infolencejs declaering their Enmity, and that indeed they are and are like to bee the very randivoufe, and feat of the warr, it hath drawne us to refolue to rayfe iooo men in the Con- federate Coloneys befides them alredy in paye, to bee improved there or as the providence of God may direct to reduce them to reafon ; And therefore judge it neceffary to advife you of our intents in that refpect, to intent that you may not only take cair of your fronteer places, but afforde fo[me] addition to our numbers, and giue us fuch afiftance by your floopes and vef- fells as wee may ftand in need of, &c." The new levy was proportioned thus : Mafs. 527, Plym. 158, Conn. 315 = 1000. The actual attendance of troops feems to have been, as follows : from Mafs. 465 foot (in fix companies) and 75 horfe = 540 men; from Plymouth 158 men (in two companies) ; from Conn. 450 men (in five companies) ; making a total of 1 148 men from the Confeder- ate Colonies. Befides thefe, a " confid- erable number" of recruits joined the expedition from the Rhode-Ifiand Colo- ny. The Army was under command of Gen. Jofias Winflow. The Mais. 7 troops were officered by Maj. Appleton and Capts. Mofely, Davenport, Gard- ner, Oliver, Johnfon, and Prentice ; the Plymouth, by Maj. Bradford and Capt. Gorham ; and the Conn, by Maj. Treat and Capts. Seely, Gallup, Mafon, Watts, and Marfhall. A partial lift of the names of the Mafs. men has been publifhed. [Plym. Col. Rec. x : 36Sj 458; Barry's Hijl. Mafs. i: 426; Trumbull's Hijl. Conn, i : 337 ; Arnold's Hijl. R.-I. i: 403; N. E. Gen. Reg. viii : 241.] 122 See note 20, ante. 12.3 "Reformatio, a reformed Officer, or one whofe Company, or Troop, is fuppreffed in a Reform, and he con- tinued either in whole, or half Pay, he doing Duty in the Regiment. In a fhip of war, a Gentleman who ferves as a Voluntier, in order to gain Experience, and fucceed the principal Officers." [Bailey.] 124 As Church's home at Saconet was temporarily broken up, he would feem to have been, in this interval, with his friends at Plymouth, or Duxbury. 125 Richard Smith, jr., was the fon of Richard, "who left faire Poffeffions in Glofter Shire" Ene., and was one 49 [ H] Garrifon in the Narraganfet Country,™ to prepare and provide for the coming of General Win/low, who March'd round thro' the Country with his Army, propoling by Night to furprize Pumham (a certain Narraganfet Sachem) and his Town j 127 but being aware of the approach of [14] our of the firft fettlers of Taunton, and went to Wickford, R.-L, about 1641, "for his conference fake (many differences arif- ing) " ; where he built a block-houfe on the great Pequot road, on the lite where the Updike houfe ftands, or lately ftood, a little to the north of Wickford Hill, in No. Kingftown, R.-I. He was mixed up in the conflict of jurifdiclion between Rhode-Ifland and Connecticut, and was appointed Conftable of Wick- ford by Conn, in 1663 ; was put under bonds in £400 to anfwer to R.-I. in 1664; 2S Dec, 1665 appears as witnefs in the Warwick " acquittance "; is faid to have been one of Andros's Coun- cil in 1686; was appointed by Andros in that year Juftice of the Peace and " Sergeant-major and chief Commander of his Majefty's militia both of horfe and foot within the Narraganfett Coun- try, or Province, and all the Iflands"; died before 1692, when his will was proved, mentioning no wife nor chil- dren. Church calls him " Major" now, although he does not appear to have been fo until fome years after this date. {R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 32, 166, 271 ; R.-I. Col. Rcc. iii : 19S ; Arnold's Hijl. R.-I. i : 283, 305, 307, 484.] 126 Affirming that by "Rehoboth" here is meant Myles's Garrifon (fee note 44, ante), the " neareft way over the Ferries" thence to Smith's block- houfe, would feem to have been through Mount-hope neck to Briftol ferry, thence down Rhode-Ifland to Newport, thence over by ferry to Conanicut, and thence by ftill another ferry to Wick- ford ; — a diftance which I eftimate as a little over 30 miles. The ferries from Newport to J ameftown and from Jamef- town to Narraganfett were not indeed formally eftabliflied by the Affembly until 1700, but they had doubtlefs been running for many years as an irrefpon- fible individual enterprife. It is poffible that this diftance might, at the date to which the text refers, have been mate- rially fhortened by a route from Briftol Ferry to Prudence, and from thence to Wickford ; the latter a diftance of 5 or 6 miles by water. The remark about " fair winds " which follows, perhaps favors this latter fuppofition ; and, at any rate, feems to fettle it that Church did not go round by Seekonk, Provi- dence, Pawtuxet and Apponaug Ferries, — neither of which was wide enough to make a fair wind of much confequence in croffing. This latter was clearly how- ever the route of the army, who made a detour from it in the vain hope of catching Pumham at his village in Warwick. [R.-I. Col. Rcc. iii : 406, 4I5-] 127 Pumham (Rom/iam) was Sachem of Shaivomet (S/momet), the neck that 50 [ i4] Army made their efcape into the defarts. But Mr. Church meeting with fair Winds arriv'd fafe at the Major's Garri- fon in the evening. 128 And foon began to inquire after the Enemies Reforts, Wigwams or Sleeping Places; and having gain'd fome intelligence, he propofed to the Eldriges™ and fome other brisk hands, that he met with, to attempt the Surprizing of fome of the Enemy to make a Prefent of to the General, when he mould arrive: which might ad- vantage his defign; being brisk blades, they readily com- ply'd with the motion, and were foon upon their March. The Night was very cold, but blefs'd with the Moon*, before the day broke they effected their exploit, and by the riling of the Sun arrived at the Major's Garrifon, where they met the General and prefented him with Eigh- teen of the Enemy, they had Captiv'd. The General projects into Narraganfett Bay, having Providence River on the eaft, and Cow- efet Bay on the ibuth and weft, it being the eaftern portion of the town of War- wick, R.-I. The name is perhaps from pumtnu, "he fhoots " ; fiunnvacn, fium- muaen, "one who fhoots." With re- duplicative — pe'-pumtvaefi, "an arch- er" (Eliot). Or perhaps, from picmmoJi- ham, "he goes by water" (goes in boats). Eliot ufes the derivative, pum- mohhamivaenuog (pi.) for "mariners" (Jonah, i : 5.). The pofition of the Sha- omet or Warwick Indians favors this etymology. 128 The evening of Saturday, 11 Dec, 1675. [/?.-/. Hift. Coll. iii : 83.] 129 There were three Eldridges (or Eldreds), Samuel, James, and Thomas, in Wickford, R.-I., in 1670; as is proven by their names attached to a coroner's jury verdict, dated July 14, of that year. In 1679, the names of John and Samuel are attached to a petition to the king. In 1692, Thomas was Lieut., and John, Etisign ; and in 1702, Daniel was Cap- tain. Samuel was Conftable under ap- pointment of Conn, in the boundary troubles of 1670, and thereabouts, and was committed to jail by the R.-I. au- thorities for attempting to act for Conn, in an arreft for murder. Savage fug- gefts that Samuel (of Cambridge in 1646) was the father of at leaft fome of them, adding that Samuel (the fori) was at Rochefter in 16SS. [7?.-/. Col. dice, ii : 344; iii: 60, 2S7, 461; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 73 ; Gen. Ditf. ii : 107.] [ 14 ] pleas'd with the exploit, gave them thanks, particularly to Mr. Church, the mover and chief a6lor of the bulinefs; and fending two of them (likely Boys) a prefent to Bofton\ fmiling on Mr. Church, told him, That he made no doubt but his Faculty would fupply them with Indian Boys enough before the War was ended. Their next move 130 was to a Swamp which the Indians had Fortifyed with a Fort. 131 Mr. Church rid in the Gen- 130 Other authorities fhow that a week elapfed between the evening of the ex- ploit above related and the fwamp fight to which Church now refers. The Mafs. and Plym. troops arrived on the eve- ning of the 12th. On the 14th, two forays were made upon the enemy, and nine Indians were killed, twelve cap- tured, and 150 wigwams burned. On the 15th, feveral ftragglers from the main body of the Englifh were cut off. On the 16th, Capt. Prentice with his troop of horfe went to Bull's Garrilbn at Pcttaquamfcut (on Tower Hill, in So. Kingftown, R.-L), and returned with the news that the Indians had burned it, and killed 10 men and 5 women and children. On the 17th, the Connecticut troops arrived at Bull's. On the 18th, the Mafs. and Plym. forces joined them at Pcttaquamfcut at 5 P.M. They all then marched forward in the fnow, and camped out that night; ftarting again at break of day on Sunday the 19th, and about 1 p.m. reached the edge of the fwamp in which was the Indian fort. [Hubbard's Narrative, 50; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 83.] 131 This fwamp is fituated in the north- weft portion of the town of South Kingf- town, R.-I., very near the line of Rich- mond, — lefs than a mile north-weft from the track of the Providence and Stonington R.R., — on the farm of J. G. Clarke, Efq., and not far from the houfe of Judge W. Marchant. Dr. Stiles ftates that it " is about feven miles nearly due weft from Narraganfet South Fer- ry." On this, Judge Davis comments : "It is apprehended there is an error in the ftatement of the diftance of the fort from the South Ferry. Seve?itee7i miles, inftead of /even, would be more confift- ent with the accounts given of the marches of the army, by cotemporary hiftorians." But the identification of the locality is complete, and by the road it is nearly ten miles from the Ferry. The explanation of the diftance named by cotemporaries is partly that the return route lay not to the Ferry, but to Smith's garrilbn in Wickford, the fite of which is diftant (by way of Bull's on Tower Hill,) fcarcely lefs than feventeen miles, by the prefent roads, from the fwamp ; and more, that the journey followed the winding Indian paths, and was accomplifhed through deep fnow and in a night of intenfe cold. The fort was a ftockade enclofing 52 [ H ] erals guard when the bloudy ingagement began; but being impatient of being out of the heat of the action, importu- nately beg'd leave of the General that he might run down to the affiftance of his friends, the General yielded to his requeft, provided he could rally fome hands to go with him. Thirty Men immediately drew out and followed him: They entred the Swamp and paffed over the Log, that was the paffage into the Fort, where they faw many Men and feveral Valiant Captains lye llain: 132 Mr. Church fpying Capt. Gardner 128 of Salem amidft the Wigwams in five or fix acres of upland in the middle of the fwamp by a palifade, which was defended by a hedge "of almoft a rod thicknefs through which there was no paffing, unlets they could have fired a way through, which then they had no time to doe." The only regular entrances were along a log which bridged a fpace of water, and over another log which was defended by a block-house. [Hub- bard's Narrative, 52; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 85 ; Stiles's ed. Church, 29 ; Davis's Morton's Memorial, 433.] 132 The accounts vary very much as to the number of killed and wounded. A letter — fuppofed by Hutchinfon to be by Maj. Bradford, but mown by Mr. Drake [Book of the Indians, 219] to be by Capt. James Oliver — written a fhort time after, from the field, and which the writer fays he has verified by reading to the officers in his tent, would feem to have the beft elements of reliable- nefs. It fays 8 were left dead in the fort, 12 were carried away dead, and many died by the way, or as foon as brought in ; fo that they buried the next day (20 Dec.) 34, the next day 4, and the next day 2. Eight died on Rhode- Ifland (whither moft of the wounded were carried, for care), 1 at Pcttaquamf- cut, and 2 were loft in the woods. He makes the total "about 68" who died, and 150 wounded who recovered. Capts. Johnfon, Davenport, Gardner, Seely, Gallup, Marfhall, and Mafon were killed, or died of their wounds. [Hutchinfon's Hijl. Mafs., (ed. 1795), i: 272.] See Drake's Hijl. Bojlon [i : 414] for a lift of the killed and wounded of the Mafs. quota. 133 Capt. jfojefh Gardner was fon of the firft Thomas, of Salem ; married Ann, dau. of Emanuel Downing, in 1656 ; was freeman in 1672 ; captain of one Salem company in 1674. He owned the fine old houfe in Salem — ftanding until 1750 (of which Felt gives an engraving) — known afterward as the "Bradftreet Manfion"; his widow marrying Simon (afterwards Gov.) Bradftreet. [Savage's Gen. Difl. ii : 228; Felt's Annals of Salem, i: 412; ii : 497.] 53 [ is ] the Eaft end of the Fort, made towards him, but on a fudden, while they were looking each other in the Face, Capt. Gardner fettled down, Mr. Church ftep'd to him and feeing the blood run down his cheek, lifted up his Cap, and calling him by his Name; he look'd up in his Face, but fpoke not a Word, being Mortally Shot thro' the head; and obferving his Wound, Mr. Church found the ball entred his head on the fide that was next the Up- land, where the EnglifJi entred the Swamp. Upon which, having ordered fome care to be taken of the Captain, he difpatch'd information to the General that the beft and for- warder!: of his Army that hazarded their lives to enter the Fort, upon the muzzle of the Enemies Guns, were Shot in their backs, and kill'd by them that lay behind. Mr. Church with his fmall Company haften'd out of the Fort (that the Engli/Ji were now poffefTed of) to get a Shot at the Indians that were in the Swamp, & kept firing upon them. He foon met with a broad bloody track, where the Enemy had fled with their Wounded men; following hard in the tra6t, he foon fpy'd one of the Enemy, who clap'd his Gun a-crofs his breaft, made towards Mr. Church, and beckned to him with his hand; Mr. Church immediately commanded [15] no Man to hurt him, hoping by him to have gain'd fome intelligence of the Enemy, that might be of advantage; but it unhappily fell out that a Fellow that had lag'd behind coming up, fhot down the Indian, to Mr. Church's great grief and difappointment. But immedi- ately they heard a great fhout of the Enemy, which feem'd 54 [ iet~] was a name given to the petty tribes, or clans, of inland Indians fcattered over a large extent of country, in Windham and Tolland Counties in Connecticut, Wor- cefter and Hampden Counties in Mafia- chufetts, and the northern part of Rhode-Ifland ; but their principal feat was at, or near, the great ponds in Oxford (Webfter), Mafs. From thefe ponds they probably derived their name of "Pond" or " Frelh-water " (jiippe, nip) Indians. If the two names, or forms of the name, are not identical in origin, Nipnct belongs to the terri- tory, i.e. "at the frelb-water pond"; Nipmuck, to the tribe, (iiip-amaug) "they fiih in frelh water"; but poffibly " a frelh water filhing-place." This diftinguilhed them from the Shore In- dians, and the River Indians of the Connecticut Valley ; their neighbors on the weft. Snipjic (corrupted from MiJJicnipf-ci) Pond, in Ellington, Conn., was the bound where the country of the Nipmucks joined that of the River Indians on the weft, and the Mohcgan north-weft angle. 142 Suppofed to be Pumham's town (fee note 127, ante) in a rocky fwamp in Warwick, R.-I., — Warwick then em- bracing moft of what is now Warwick and Coventry. The diftance is ftated as 20 miles from Smith's. [Baylies' Mem. Plym. Col. iii : 104.] 61 [ i8] in fight, but an Icy Swamp lying between them and the Wigwams, prevented their running at once upon it as they intended: there was much firing upon each fide before they pafs'd the Swamp. But at length the Enemy all fled, and a certain Moohegan that was a friend Indian, purfued and feiz'd one of the Enemy that had a fmall wound in his Leg, and brought him before the General, where he was examined. Some were for torturing of him to bring him to a more ample confeffion, of what he knew concerning his Country-men. Mr. Church verily believing he had been ingenious in his confeffion, interceeded and prevailed for his efcaping torture. But the Army being bound for- ward in their March, and the Indians wound fomewhat difinabling him for Travelling, 'twas concluded he fhould be knock'd on the Head: Accordingly he was brought before a great fire, and the Moohegan that took him was allowed, as he defired, to be the Executiner. Mr. Church taking no delight [18] in the Sport, fram'd an arrant at fome diftance among the baggage Horfes, and when he had got fome Ten Rods, or thereabouts from the fire, the Executioner fetching a blow with his Hatchet at the head of the Prifoner, he being aware of the blow, dodged his afide, and the Executioner miffing his ftroke the Hatchet flew out of his hand, and had like to have done execution where 'twas not defign'd. The Prifoner upon his narrow efcape broke from them that held him, and notwithftand- ing his Wound made ufe of his Legs, and hap'd to run right upon Mr. Church, who laid hold on him, and a clofe 62 [ i8 ] skuffle they had, but the Indian having no Clothes on flip'd from him, and ran again, and Mr. Church purfued the Indian, altho' being Lame, there was no great odds in the Race, until the Indian ftumbled and fell, and they clofed again, skuffled and fought pretty fmartly, until the Indian by the advantage of his nakednefs flip'd from his hold again, and fet out on his third Race, with Mr. Church clofe at his heels, endeavouring to lay hold on the hair of his Head, which was all the hold could be taken of him; and running thro' a Swamp that was covered with hollow Ice, it made fo loud a noife that Mr. Church expected (but in vain) that fome of his Englifli friends would follow the noife, and come to his affiftance. But the Indian hap'd to run a-thwart a mighty Tree that lay fallen near breaft- high, where he ftop'd and cry'd out a loud for help; but Mr. Church being foon upon him again, the Indian feized him faft by the hair of his Head, and endeavouring by twilling to break his Neck; but tho' Mr. Churches wounds had fome-what weakned him, and the Indian a ftout fel- low, yet he held him well in play, and twilled the Indians Neck as well, and took the advantage of many opportu- nities, while they hung by each others hair gave him notorious bunts in the face with his head. But in the heat of this skuffle they heard the Ice break with fome bodies coming a-pace to them, which when they heard, Church concluded there was help for one or other of them, but was doubtful which of them mull now receive the fatal ftroke; anon fome body comes up to them, who prov'd to 63 [ 19] be the Indian that had firft. taken the Prifoner. Without fpeaking a word, he felt them out (for 'twas fodark he could not diftinguifh them by fight) the one being clothed, and the other naked, he felt where Mr. Churches hands were farmed in the Netops 143 hair, and with one blow fet- tled his Hatchet in between them, and ended the ftrife. He then fpoke to Mr. Church and hugg'd him in his Arms, and thank'd him abundantly for catching his Prif- oner; and cut off the head of his Victim, and carried it to the Camp, and giving an account to the reft of the friend Indians in the Camp, how Mr. Church had feized his Prif- oner, &c. they all joyn'd a mighty fhout. Proceeding in this March, they had the fuccefs of killing many of the Enemy: until at length their Provifion failing, they return'd home. 144 King Philip (as was before hinted) was fled to a Place called Scattacook, [19] between York and Albany ', 145 where 143 Nctop means "friend"; (plu.) for a Dutchman. In this loofer fenfe Nctompauog, " friends." The n' is the it is ufed here. pronoun of the firft perfon ; the o is Ui Hubbard fays, "our Forces, having nafal. Eliot writes netomf, as (Matt. purfued them into the woods between xxvi : 50) netomp, tohxvuchpeyauan f Marlberough and Brookjicld in the "Friend, why art thou come hither?" Road toward Con?ieclicut, were con- The general ufe of the word by the ftrained to turn down to B oft on, in the Englifh was to defignate a friendly beginning o{ February, for want of pro- Indian, an ally. From its conftant em- vifion, both for themfelves and their ployment (Roger Williams, [Key, chap, horfes." Mather fays, " So then, Febru- 1, R.-I. WJl. Coll. i: 27] fays "What ary 5, the Army returned to Bofton, cheere, NetopV is the general falutation not having obtained the end of their of all Engliih to the Indians) in addrefs, going forth." [Narrative, 60; Brief Nctop came to be ufed as an appellative IHft- 22.] for any Indian man, juft as Mon/teur 14 ° Sckaghticoke is on the Hoofic and for a Frenchman, or Hans or Mynheer Iludfon Rivers, 12 miles from Troy. 64 [ 19] the Moofiags™ made a defcent upon him and killed many of his Men, which moved him from thence. His next kennelling Place was at the falls of Connecti- cut River, 147 where fometime after Capt. Turner™ found him, came upon him by Night, kill'd him a great many The Pincheon papers fay " the Scata- kook or River Indians, moil of them, were fugitives from New England in the time of Philip's war." [2 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. viii : 244.] 146 Increafe Mather fays, " We hear that Philip being this winter enter- tained in the Mohawks Country, Made it his defign to breed a quarrel between the Englijk and them ; to effedt which, divers of our returned Captives do re- port that he refolved to kill fome fcat- tering Mohawks, & then to fay that the EngliJJi had done it; but one of thofe whom he thought to have killed was only wounded, and got away to his Country men, giving them to undcr- ftand that not the EngliJJi but Philip had killed the Men that were Murdered, fo that inftead of bringing the Mohazvks upon the EngliJJi, he brought them upon himfelf." Judd fays this " does not deferve the lean: credit." [Brief Hif tory, 38; Hijl. Hadley, 182.] 147 The great falls in the Connecticut River, near where the towns of Mon- tague, Gill, and Greenfield meet, which Dr. Hitchcock thought the fineft in New England. Unable to plant as ufual, the Indians were driven to avail themfelves more of fiih ; and no fpot in the country offered fuch ihad-fifhing as this. [ Geology oj Mafs. 275; Hoyt's Antiq. Refearches, 127.] 9 65 148 William Turner, of Dartmouth, Eng., then of Dorchefter, 1642, free- man, 10 May, 1643, removed to Bof- ton, was " by trade a tailor," and was one of the founders of the firft Bap- tift Church in 1665. Early in Phil- ip's war, " he gathered a company of volunteers, but was denied a commif- fion, and difcouraged becaufe the chief of the company were Anabaptifts. After- wards, when the war grew more general and diftructive, and the country in very great diftrefs, having divers towns burnt, and many men flain, then he was defired to accept a com million. He complained it was too late, his men on whom he could confide being Scat- tered ; however was moved to accept." He marched " as Captain, under Maj. Savage as chief commander, " to relieve the weftern towns. 19 May, 1676, with 180 men, he furprifed the Indians at thefe falls and killed from 130 to 1S0, but on his return was killed, with 38 of his men. He married Mary, widow of Key Alfop; though he feems to have had another wife — perhaps named Frances. His will, dated 10 Feb., 1676, mentions children. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 348 ; Backus's Hijl. New Eng. i : 423 ; Hoyt's Antiq. Refearches, 12S. Holland's Hijl. Wcjlern Mafs. i: 121; Judd's Hijl. Hadley, 163, 171 ; Bene- dict's Hijl. Bap/, i : 384.] [ 19] Men, and frighted many more into the River, that were hurl'd down the falls and drowned. Philip got over the River, and on the back fide of the Wetufet- hills 149 meets with all the Remnants of the Nar- raganfet and Nipmuck Indians, that were there gathered together, and became very numerous; and made their defcent on Sudbury, and the Adjacent Parts of the Coun- try, where they met with and fwallowed up Valiant Capt. Wad/worth™ and his Company, and many other doleful defolations, in thofe Parts. 151 The News whereof coming to Plymouth, and they expecting probably the Enemy would foon return again into their Colony: The Council of War were called together; 152 and Mr. Church was fent 149 Wachufett (WatchoJJucJt) Moun- tain in Princeton, Mafs. The word means " [the country] about the moun- tain." 150 Samuel Wadfivorth, youngeft fon of Chriftopher, of Duxbury, was born about 1630; was freeman 166S; mar- ried Abigail, dau. of James Lindall of Marihfield, and was father of Benjamin, Minifter of the Firft Church, Bofton, and ninth Prefident of Harvard College; he was the firft Captain of militia in Mil- ton, was diftinguilhed in Philip's war, and was cut off, with his Lieut, and " about thirty" of his men, in this Sud- bury fight. The portion of Sudbury which was attacked is now Wayland. See the New-England Hijl. and Gen. Regifter, vii : 221, and Iludfon's Hijl. Marlborough, 75, for a difcuffion of the true date of this ftruggle. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 3S0.] 151 Col. Church was here obvioufly confufed in his order of remembrance of events which had become diftant when he dictated this narrative. The attack on Sudbury took place, and Capt. Wadf- worth and his company were " fwal- lowed up" on the 21ft of April, 1676, nearly a month before the Falls fight, while the Plymouth Council of War — which, by what follows, affembled be- fore Rehoboth fell, on the 26th and 2Sth March, of the fame year — mull have been called together more than a month before the Sudbury maffacre. The tid- ings which alarmed the Colonifts and convoked the Council, muft evidently have been thofe of the furprife of Lan- cafter on the 10th, and of the burning of Medfield on the 21ft of February. 152 gy th e recor d Sj it appears that the Plymouth Council of War met on the 29th Feb. and the 7th and 10th March. 66 [ "9 ] for to them, being o.bferved by the whole Colony to be a Perfon extraordinarily qualify'd for and adapted to the Affairs of War. Twas propofed in Council that leaft the Enemy in their return fhould' fall on Rehoboth, or fome other of their Out-Towns, a Company confuting of 60 or 70 Men fhould be fent in to thofe Parts; and Mr. Church invited to take the Command of them. He told them, That if the Enemy returned into that Colo7iy again, they might reafonably exftccl that they would come very numerous ; and that if hefliould take the Command of Men, hefJwuld not lye in any Town or Garrifon with them, but would lye in the Woods as the Enemy did'. And that to fend oiit fuch fmall Companies againfl fuch Multitudes of the Enemy that were now Muflered together, would be but to deliver fo many Men i7ito their hands, to be dcftroyed, as the Worthy Capt. Wadf- worth and his Company were. His advice upon the whole was, That if they fent out any Forces, to fend not lefs than 300 Souldiers; and that the other Colonies mould be ask'd to fend out their Quota's alfo; adding, That if they intended to make an end of the War, by fubduing the En- The meeting of the 29th Feb. was at Michael Pierce and Lieut. Samuell Ful- Maiihfield, and would appear to be that ler. Had it been already determined by of which Church here fpeaks. My the Council to fend out friend Indians, reafon for fixing upon that of this date they would hardly have " thought it no is, that this is the neareft date to the wayes advifable," as Church fays they Medfield alarm, and that one conclu- did when he talked with them. It is fion at which this feflion arrived was more likely that his arguments on this to order " 20 or 30 of the Southern In- occafion led them to change their form- dians " to go forth " with the other er policy in that refpeel:, and pafs this (i.e. white Colonifts) whoe are under vote before they fcparated. \_Plym. Col. prelfe" under the command of Capt. lice, v : 187.] 67 [ 19] emy, they mufl make a bujinefs of the War, as the Enemy did ; and that for his own part, he had wholly laid afide all his own private bufinefs and concerns, ever fine e the War broke out. He told them, That if they would fend forth fuck Forces as he fwuld direel to, he would go with them for Six weeks March, which was long enough for Men to be kept in the Woods at once ; and if they might be fure of Liberty to return in fuck a fpace, Men would go out chearfully. And he would engage 150 of the befl Souldiers fJwuld imme- diately Lift Voluntarily to go with him, if they would p leaf e to add 50 more', and 100 of the Friend Indians ; and with fiich an Army he made no doubt but he might do good Ser- vice ; but on other terms he did not incline to be concern' 'd. Their reply was, That they were already in debt, and fo big an Army would bring fuch charge upon them, that they mould never be able to pay. 153 And as for fending 153 The Council, at its ioth March feffion, affigned lands at Skotvamett (Warwick, R.-I.) to the fuppofed value of £500, at AJfonett neck (Freetown) to the value of £200, at AJfaxvamffctt (around the pond in Middleborough) to the value of £200, and about Aga- ivam and Sepeca.71 (in Wareham, and what is now Marion) to the value of £100, to be divided to the foldiers ; " noe •way att p'Jcnt aftfeeritig to raifc motl- eys." They, at the fame time, further laid a rate of £1000. upon the eleven towns of the Colony, "to be payed in clothing, provifions, or cattle, att mony prife ; an indifferent good, ordinary cow being to be vallued at 455. and other cattle according to that propor- tion, for the payment of fuch of the fouldiers whofe needy condition may call for other fupplyes more fuitable for their families then lands," &c. The following lift of the proportions of the feveral towns in this rate has intereft as indicating their then relative fize. I add their feveral proportions of a " preffe " of 300 men, on the 29th March following. £ s. d. Men. Plymouth . . . 99 : 03 : 06 . . 30 Duxbury . . . 46: 11 : 10 . . 16 Bridgewater . . 46: 11 : 10 . . 16 Scituate . . . 165 : 09 : 00 . . 50 Taunton . . 92 : 13 : 06 . . 30 63 [ 20] out Indians, they thought it no wayes advifable, and in fhort, none of his advice practicable. [20] Now Mr. Churches Confort, and his then only Son were till this time remaining at Duxborough, and his fearing their fafety there (unlefs the War were more vigoroufly ingaged in) refolved to move to Rkode-IJland ; m tho' it was much oppofed both by the Government, and by Rela- tions. But at length, the Governour confidering that he might be no lefs Serviceable by being on that fide of the Colony, gave his permit, 155 and wifh'd he had Twenty more as good Men to fend with him. Then preparing for his Removal, he went with his fmall Family to Plymouth to take leave of their Friends; where fide, to prevent any invafion from the main. [R.-I.HiJi. Coll. v. 165; R.-I. Col. Rcc. ii : 535 ; Arnold's Hijl. R.-I. i: 409.] 155 The Plymouth Council of War, at the feffion of 29 Feb., 1675-6, paffed an order that " whereas great damage and prejudice may acrew, &c. all the inhabitants feated in this gou'ment mall and doe abide in each towne of this col- lonie to which hee belongs, and not de- part the fame on p'ill of forfeiting the whole p'fonall eftate of each one that ihall foe doe to the collonies vfe, except it be by the fpeciall order or allowance of the Gou', or any two of the other maj- eftrates, &c." This was to prevent the inhabitants of the Colony from remov- ing for prefent fafety to places from which they might not afterward return ; to the Colony's detriment. \Plym. Col. Rcc. v : 1S5.] 69 £ s. d. Men. Sandwich . . . 92 13 06 . 28 Yarmouth . . • 74 15 06 . 26 Barnftable . . • 99 : 03 06 . 30 Marlhfield . . • 75 = 08 OO . 26 Rehoboth . . • 136: !9 OO . 30 Eaftham . . . 66 16 06 . Hcrl-itlv 1 18 in foldiers on account of the loffes which it had met with, after this affeff- ment of money and before the " prefie" for men. [Plym. Col. Rcc. v : 191-3-] 154 At firft glance it feems ftrange to think of removing from the very heart of the old fettlements to a port then fur- rounded by hoftile Indians, for greater fafety. But it muft be remembered that the infular pofition of Rhode -Illand rendered it comparatively fecure ; in addition to which that Colony employed four row-boats (Arnold fays Jloofis), to be conftantly on the lookout, on every [ *>] they met with his Wives Parents, who much perfwaded that She might be left at Mr. Clarks Garrifon, 156 (which they fuppofed to be a mighty fafe Place) or at leaft that She might be there until her foon expected lying-inn was over (being near her time.) Mr. Church no ways inclin- ing to venture her any longer in thofe Parts, and no argu- ments prevailing with him, he refolutely fet out for Taunton, and many of their Friends accompanyed them. There they found Capt. Peirce} hl with a commanded Party, who offered Mr. Church to fend a Relation of his with fome others to guard him to Rhode-IJland. But Mr. Church thank'd him for his Refpectful offer, but for fome good reafons refus'd to accept it. In fhort, they got fafe 150 Clark's Garrifon was fituated about three miles fouth-eaft from the village of Plymouth, on the weft bank of the Eel River, almoft againft the point of junction of Plymouth Beach with the main land, and, perhaps three- quarters of a mile inland from that junction ; very near to the fite of the houfe for many years occupied by the late Rev. B. Whitmore. It was de- ftroyed on Sunday, 12 March, 1676; " Miftris Sarah Clarke" and ten other perfons being killed. The outrage was committed by Tatofon and ten other Indians, of whom five were brought in and executed at Plymouth. \Plym. Col. Rec. v : 204-6.] This was the only ferious attack made on Plymouth by the natives. 157 Capt. Michael Pierce was at Hing- ham in 1646 ; in 1647 purchafed lands in the ConihafTet grant (Scituate) ; was in the Narraganfett fight, previous to which, he made his will, beginning thus : " Being, by the appointment of God, going out to war againft the In- dians, I do ordain this my laft will, &c." ; was put in command, early in 1676, of 63 Englilhmen and 20 friendly Indians. They were to rendezvous at Plymouth, on Wednefday, the 8th March, and probablj- reached Taunton on the after- noon of the next day, March 9th, where Mr. Church now found him. On the 26th of the fame month he was killed, with 51 of his Englilh, and 11 of his Indian soldiers, at Rehoboth, by an overwhelming force of the enemy. He had had two wives, and ten chil- dren. [Deane's Hijl. Scit. 325 ; Plym. Col. Rec. v: iS7; Blifs's Hijl. Rc/10- bot/i, 91.] 70 [ 20 ] to Capt. John Almy's houfe 158 upon Rhodc-ffland, where they met with friends and good entertainment. But by the way, let me not forget this remarkable Providence. viz. That within Twenty-four hours, or there abouts, 159 after their arrival at Rhode- I/land, Mr. Clarks Garrifon that Mr. Church was fo much importuned to leave his Wife and Child at, was deftroyed by the Enemy. Mr. Church being at prefent difinabled from any par- ticular Service in the War, began to think of fome other employ; but he no fooner took a tool to cut a fmall ftick, but he cut off the top of his Fore finger, and the next to it, half off; upon which he fmillingly faid, That he thought he was out of his way, to leave the War; and refolved he would to War again. Accordingly his Second Son 160 being born on the 12th of May and his Wife & Son like to do well, Mr. Church imbraces the opportunity of a paffage 158 See note 4, ante. After confider- what was called Fogland, or Codman's able refearch, I had failed to fecure ferry, and at that time kept a houfe of proof fixing the fpot of Capt. Almy's entertainment, &c." This endorfes my refidence, but from all the probabilities fuppofition, as Fogland ferry connects of the cafe had decided that he muft Punkatees neck with Portfmouth, mid- have lived on the eaftern fhore of way between the points above named. Portfmouth, R.-L, fomewhere between (See notes 86 and 91, ante.) M'Carry's Point on the north and 159 This fettles the date of this arri- Sandy Point on the fouth, oppofite val as 11-13 March, 1676. Probably Punkatees neck. I have now, by the Church left Plymouth with his family kindnefs of Judge W. R. Staples, re- on Wednefday or Thurfday, the 8th or ceived, from Mr. Richard Sherman, 9th, and reached Almy's on Saturday, who was Town Clerk of Portfmouth for the nth, the day before Clark's Garri- nearly half a century, a note in which fon was burned. he fays : " I have been informed by 16 ° Conjlant, who became a Captain old perfons now deceafed, that one under his father in fome of his later Capt. John Almy lived in a houfe near expeditions. 7i [ 21 ] in a Sloop bound to Barnjlable', who landed him at SogJco- neffet}* 1 from whence he rid to Plymouth', arrived there on the firft Tuefday in y?me: 1Q2 The General Court then fit- ting, 163 welcomed him, told him they were glad to fee him Alive. He reply'd, He was as glad to fee them Alive, for he had feen fo many fires and fmokes towards their fide of the Country fince he left them, that he could fcarce eat or fleep with any comfort, for fear they had been all deftroyed. For all Travelling was ftop'd, and no News had paired for a long time together. He gave them account, that the Indians had made horrid defolations at Providence, War- wick, Petuxit, and all over the Narraganfet Country, 164 & that they prevailed daily againft the EngliJJi on that fide of the Country. Told them, he long'cl to hear what Methods they defign'd in the War. [21] They told him, They were particularly glad that Providence had brought him there at that juncture: For they had concluded the very next day to fend out an Army of 200 Men, two third EngliJJi, and one third Indians, in fome meafure agreeable to his former propofal; expecting Bojlon and Connecticut 161 Sogko7ieJfet {Sachoncjit, Sugkoncs, 103 The " Court of Election " met at Succonejit, Succonneffet, &c.~) was the Plymouth, on Monday, 5 June, 1676. general name applied to the townfhip VA Warwick, R.-L, was burned 17 of Falmouth, Mafs., in the early rec- March (fo Hubbard, 66; Mather, 24; ords. The word appears to be a dimin- Palfrey's Hiji. N. E. iii : iSS; but Ar- utiye from Sogkonafe. The harbor nold, i : 40S, fays March 16, quoting no where Church landed was what is now authority.) ; Seekonk, or Pawtucket, known as Wood's Hole in Falmouth. March 28th, and Proyidence, March This would then be diftant probably 35 30th. [See Davis's MortoiCs Memo- miles from Plymouth. rial, 43S; R.-I. HiJl. Coll. v: 166.] 168 6 June, 1676. 72 [ « ] to joyn with their Quota's. 165 In fhort, It was fo con- cluded. And that Mr. Church fhould return to the Ifland, and fee what he could Mutter there, of thofe that had mov'd from Swanzey, Dartmouth, &c. 166 So returning the fame way he came; when he came to Sogkoucjfet, he had a fham put upon him, about a Boat he had bought to go home in; and was forced to hire two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a Canoo from Elfabeths™ to Rhode- I/land. It fell out that as they were in their Voyage palling by Sogkonate-point™ fome of the Enemy were upon the 105 The vote was thus: "Vpon con- federation of the neflefitie of fending forth fome forces, to be, by the healp of God, a meanes of our fafety and prefervation, the Court came to a con- clusion and doe heerby voate, that one hundred and fifty Englifh, and fifty In- dians, be with the beft fpeed that may be raifed and provided and fent forth towards the frontiere p'tes of this collo- nie, to be vpon motion to fcout to and frow for the fafty of the collonie ; the time appointed of fending forth is on Weddenfday, the 21ft of this inftant June, 1676." [Rlym. Col. Rcc. v : *97-J ieu The General Affembly of R.-I. voted, 13 March, 1675-6 : " Wee finde this Collony is not of ability to main- taine fufficient garrifons for the fecurity of our out Plantations. Therefore, we thinke and judge it molt fafe for the inhabitants to repaire to this Ifland, which is the molt fecureift." Some of 10 73 thofe Plymouth Colonifts who refided near, feem to have availed themfelves of this fuggeftion, and taken refuge on the Ifland. [R.-I. Col. Rcc. ii : 533.] 107 The Elizabeth Iflands, with very narrow channels between them, ftretch fouth-weft from Falmouth nearly Seven- teen miles; dividing Buzzard's Bay above them from Vineyard Sound be- low them. The diftance from Fal- mouth to Rhode-Ifland, following the fouthern lhore of thefe iflands, then bearing away for Saconet Point, and round that ftraight to the neareft point of Rhode-Ifland, is about 35 miles. 108 Saconet Point is the fartheft fouth-weftern extremity of Little Comp- ton, R.-I. The rocks on which thefe Indians were fifliing were, moft likely, thofe of the ledge known as " Onion rock," a few feet off from the Point ; now acceflible at low water, and then, doubtlefs, joined to the main by a fand- hill fince worn away. A canoe, pad- [ 21 ] Rocks a fifhing; he bid the Indians that managed the Canoo to paddle fo near to the Rocks as that he might call to thofe Indians', told them, That he had a great mind ever fince the War broke out to fpeak with fome of the Sogkonate Indians, and that they were their Relations, and therefore they need not fear their hurting of them. And he added, That he had a mighty conceit that if he could gain a fair Opporttmity to difcourfe them, that he cotild draw them off from Philip, for he knew they never heartily loved him. The Enemy hollowed and made ligns for the Canoo to come to them: But when they approach'd them they skulked and hid in the clifts of the Rocks; then Mr- Church ordered the Canoo to be paddled off again, leaft if he came too near they mould fire upon him. Then the Indians appearing again, beckn'd and call'd in the Indian Language, and bid them come a-fhore, they wanted to fpeak with them. The Indians in the Canoo anfwered them again; but they on the Rocks told them, That the dling for Rhode-Ifland from the Vine- localities, has made fome curious blun- yard Sound, in fmooth water (and it ders in his verfion of this occurrence, could make the paffage in no other), He fays : " It hapened that the faid would head from the fouth-weftern ex- Capt. Church, fome time in June laft, tremity of Cuttyhunk obliquely acrofs viz. of this prefent year, 1676, parting the entrance of Buzzard's Bay, ftraight over in a Canoo from Pocajfct to Road- toward Saconet Point, and in rounding I/land, as he ufed frequently to do that Point would go infide of both Eaft (having had much imployment upon and Weft iflands into the "Eaft Paf- the faid Neck of Land, fo called) feveral fage." This would bring it, inevitably, Indians whom he had known before at within a ihort diftance of the rocks here Lakenkam (a village on Pocajfet Jide) defcribed. Many tautog are ftill beckned to him, as if they had a mind yearly caught from them. to fpeak with him, &c. &c." \Narra- Hubbard, through ignorance of the tive, 104.] 74 [ 21 ] furff made fuch a noife againft the Rocks, they could not hear any thing they faid. 169 Then Mr. Church by ligns with his hands, gave to underftand, That he would have two of them go down upon the point of the beach (a place where a Man might fee who was near him 170 ) accordingly two of them ran a-long the beach, and met him there; without their Arms, excepting that one of them had a Lance in his hand; they uged Mr. Church to come a-fhore for they had a great delire to have fome difcourfe with him; He told them, if he that had his weapon in his hand would carry it up fome diftance upon the beach and leave it, he would come a-fhore and difcourfe them: He did fo, and Mr. Church went a-fhore, hailed up his Canoo, ordered one of his Indians to ftay by it, and the other to walk above on the beach, as a Sentinel to fee that the Coafts were clear. And when Mr. Church came up to the Indians, one of them happened to be honeft George™ one of the two that Awajhonks formerly fent to call him to her Dance, and was fo careful to guard him back to his Houfe again; the lafl Sogkonate India7i he fpoke with before the War broke out; he fpoke EngliJIi very well. 109 This is ftill the cafe, even in a ily occur to one familiar with this fpot calm day when there are no furface as now fuitable for the ufe which waves which would fwamp a canoe ; Church here propofed ; but the abrafion as the northward ground-fwell rolls in of the ftorms of almoft 200 years has, here without obftruiition from the broad unquestionably, fo changed all the con- Atlantic through the opening of near figuration of tbe fand fpits, that none of fifty miles, between Block Ifland and them now remain exactly as then, though Martha's Vineyard. During and after it has fcarcely modified the 'rocks theni- a ftorm, the furf is fublime. felves. 170 Two or three " points " will read- 171 See note 13, ante. 75 [ M ] [22] Mr. Church asked him where AwaJJwnks was? he told him in a Swamp about three Miles off. 172 Mr. Church again asked him, What it was he wanted that he hollowed and called him a-fhore? he anfwered, That he took him for Church as foon as he heard his Voice in the Canoo, and that he was very glad to fee him alive, and he believed his Miftrifs would be as glad to fee him, and fpeak with him; he told him further, That he believed fhe was not fond of maintaining a War with the EngliJJi\ and that fhe had left Philip, and did not intend to return to him any more; he was mighty earneft with Mr. Church to tarry there while he would run and call her: but he told him no; for he did not know but the Indians would come down and kill him before he could get back again; he said, if Mount-hope or Pocajjfet Indians could catch him, he believed they would knock him on the head: But all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well, and he believed would none of them hurt him. In Ihort, Mr. Church re- futed then to tarry, but promifed that he would come over again, and fpeak with AwaJJwnks, and fome other Indians that he had a mind to talk with. Accordingly he appointed him to notifie AwaJJwnks, her 172 This was Tornfe Swamp (fo called Saconet Point to Tiverton, to the road in the Proprietors' Records) on an up- from the Town farm to the Commons, land mound in which, the favorite head- The houfe of Mr. Gray Wilbor is prob- quarters of this Squaw-fachem feem to ably now the neareft dwelling to the have been. It is that fwamp through lite of this lair of Awaihonks. I am which what is called the "fwamp road" told that an old Indian burying-ground paffes, in crofiing from the road from is ftill traceable in that vicinity. 76 [ »* ] Son Peter, their Chief Captain, and one NompaJJi™ (an Indian that Mr. Church had formerly a particular refpeft for) to meet him two dayes after, at a Rock at the lower end of Capt. Richmonds Farm; which was a very noted place; 174 and if that day Ihould prove Stormy, or Windy, they were to expe6l him the next moderate day. 175 Mr. Church telling George, that he would have him come with the Perfons mentioned, and no more. They giving each other their hand upon it parted, and Mr. Church went home, 176 and the next Morning to New-port, and informed the Government, what had paffed between him and the Sogkonate Indians. * And delired their permit for him and Daniel JVi/coch, 111 (a Man that well underftood the Indian 173 Nomfajk (Niimpq/k, Numfus, Numfias) was appointed by Plymouth Court, i Nov., 1676, with Petananuet (note 23, ante) and another Indian, to have the overnght of the fubmitted In- dians weft of Sippican River; and ferved as Captain of the Saconet In- dians in the firft Expedition to the Eaftward, in 1689. \_Plym- C R. v : 215.] 174: John Richmond was one of the original proprietors of Little Compton, and drew the land here referred to in the firft divifion by lot, 10 April, 1674. It is the farm now owned by William H. Chafe, and next north of that of Jofeph Brownell. The rock is ftill in exiftence, and well known in the neigh- borhood as " Treaty Rock." It is a dark fine-grained gneifs, lying, like an em- bedded bowlder, in a cultivated field, and evidently a good deal worn down by the attritions of hufbandry and the vifits of the curious. It is faid that the Indians ufed to leave traces on it, but few if any of them are now diftinguifh- able. The rock is not immediately on the more, but well up the afcent of a beautiful flope, not far from 500 paces from the water's edge, and fome 30 paces north of the northern boundary of Mr. Brownell's land. The landing oppo- site to it is, perhaps, a half mile north of what is now known as Church's Point. 175 Probably becaufe crofting in a ca- noe — ihould that be neceffary — would be impoflible in a day windy enough to raife even the moft moderate fvvell. 176 That is to Almy's houfe, near the Portfmouth landing of Fogland ferry. (See note 158, ante.) 177 Daniel Wilcocks would feem to be a fon of Daniel, who was chofen to the " grand inqueft " at Newport by the inhabitants of Portfmouth, R.-L, March 77 [ M ] Language) to go over to them. They told him, They thought he was mad, after fuch Service as he had done, and fuch dangers that he efcaped, now to throw away his Life, for the Rogues would as certainly kill him, as ever he went over; and utterly refufed to grant his permit, or to be willing that he mould run the rifque. Mr. Church told them, That it had ever been in his thoughts Jince the War broke out, that if he could difcourfe the Sogkonate Indians, he could draw them off from Philip, and employ them againfl kirn ; but could, till now, never have an Opportunity to fpeak with any of them, and was very lothe to lofe it, &c. At length, they told him, If he would go, it mould be only with the two Indians that came with him; 178 but they would give him no permit under their hands. He took his leave of them, Refolving to profecute his defign; they told him they were forry to 13, 1643; in 167S had £10 granted him who complained of an outrage of the on account of a lawfuit from Rhode- Sheriff of Briftol County, at Little Iiland, by Plymouth Court; in 1679 Compton, in 1695; whole marriage in became one of the purchafers of land Rhode-Ifland, with Mary Wordell, was at PocafTet; in 16S6 (down as " of Pan- declared illegal, 23 March, 1696-7, and kotecjl ") was bound over in £500 to an- of whom Bellomont complained, in fwer for purchafing land of an Indian 1699, as having been convicted of high contrary to law; and in 1690 was ob- mifdemeanor and fined, and as having fcurely complained of, in the half-oblit- made his efcape, I cannot determine, erated record, as making a " tumultuous Perfons of the name Hill own land at opposition " to Thomas Hinckley's tak- Punkatees neck in Tiverton, R.-I. \_R-- ing poffeffion of a grant of land at Sac- /. Col. Rec. i : 76; ii : 307, 323, 393 ; onet. Whether he was the fame Daniel Plym. Col. Rec. v : 261 ; vi : 30, 202, Willcocks who married Elizabeth Cook, 245; viii; 23.] of Plymouth, 28 Nov., 1661 ; who was 178 That is, who paddled him from a proprietor at Saconet, 10 Apr., 1673 ; Falmouth. 78 [ *3 ] fee him fo Refolute, nor if he went did they ever expert to fee his face again. He bought a Bottle of Rhum, and a fmall role of To- bacco, to carry with him, and returned to his Family. The next Morning, being the day ap [23] pointed for the Meeting, he prepared two light Canoo's for the delign, and his own Man, with the two Indiajis for his company. He ufed fuch arguments with his tender, and now almoft broken hearted Wife, from the experience of former pre- fervations, and the profpecl; of the great Service he might do, might it pleafe God to fucceed his delign, &c. that he obtained her confent to his attempt; and committing her, his Babes and himfelf to Heavens protection. He fet out, they had from the Shore about a League to paddle; 179 drawing near the place, they faw the Indians fetting on the bank, waiting for their coming. Mr. Church fent one of the Indians a-fhore in one of the Canoo's to fee whither it were the fame Indians whom he had appointed to meet him, and no more; and if fo to ftay a-fhore and fend George to fetch him. Accordingly George came and fetch'd Mr. Church a-lhore, while the other Canoo play'd off to fee the event, and to carry tydings if the Indians mould prove falfe. Mr. Church alk'd George whether AwaJJionks and the other Indians he appointed to meet him were there ? He 179 It is juft about that diftance from ante), to the ihore oppofite Treaty " Sandy Point," juft fouth of the prob- Rock; the courfe being very nearly able lite of Almy's houfe (fee note 158, S.E. by S. 79 [ n ] anfwered they were. He then afk'd him, If there were no more than they whom he appointed to be there ? To which he would give him no direcl: anfwer. However he went a-fhore, where he was no fooner landed, but Awa- JJwnks and the reft that he had appointed to meet him there, rofe up and came down to meet him; and each of them fucceffively gave him their hands, and expreffed them- felves glad to fee him, and gave him thanks for expoling himfelf to vifit them. They walk'd together about a Gun- fhot from the water to a convenient place to lit down. 180 Where at once a-rofe up a great body of Indians ; who had lain hid in the grafs, (that was as high as a Mans wafte) and gathered round them, till they had clos'd them in; being all arm'd with Guns, Spears, Hatchets, &c. with their hair trim'd and faces painted, in their Warlike ap- pearance. It was doubtlefs fome-what furprizing to our Gentleman at firft, but without any vilible difcovery of it, after a fmall lilent paufe on each fide, He fpoke to Awa- JhonkS) and told her, That George had informed him thatJJie had a dcjire to fee him, and difcourfe abotit making peace with the Englifh. She anfwered, Yes. Then faid Mr. Church, It is cujlomary when People meet to treat of Peace to lay afide their Arms, and not to appear in ftich Hoflile form as your People do : defired of her that if they might talk about Peace, which he defired they might, Her men might lay afide their Arms, and appear more treatable. 180 Doubtlefs to the rock itfelf, which, from 1200 to 1300 feet — from the as I have faid, is about 500 paces — or beach. 80 [ »4] Upon which there began a confiderable noife and murmur among them in their own Language. Till Awa/Jwnks ask'd him, What Arms they mould lay down, and where ? He (perceiving the Indians look'd very furly, and much difpleafed) Replied, Only their Guns at fome f mall diflance, for formality fake. Upon which with one confent they laid alide their Guns, and came and fat down. Mr. Church pulled out his Callebafh 181 and asked Awaflwnks, Whether fJie had [24] lived fo long at Wetu- fet, 182 as to forget to drink Occapechees; 183 and drinking to her, he perceived that fhe watch'd him very diligently, to fee (as he thought) whether he fwallowed any of the Rhum; he offered her the Shell, but fhe defired him to drink again firft, He then told her, There was no poifon in it, and pouring fome into the Palm of his hand, fup'd it up, and took the Shell and drank to her again, and drank a good Swig which indeed was no more than he needed. Then they all ftanding up, he faid to Aiuaflionks, You wont drink for fear there fwuld be poifon in it: And then handed it to a little ill look'd fellow, who catched it readily enough, and as greedily would have fwallowed the Liquor when he had it at his mouth; But Mr. Church catch'd him by the throat and took it from him, asking him, Whether he 181 j± g 0ur d veflel, or drinking cup, Indians had been gathered. (See note made of fome tough fhell ; which, in 149, ante.} thofe days, when pottery was coftlier 163 Occapeches is a diminutive from than now, was in common ufe. They occafie, or, as Eliot wrote it, Onkuppe, were, in the laft generation, often made " ftrong drink." It means, therefore, of a cocoa-nut fhell. " little ftrong drinks," " drams." (Ab- 182 Wachufctt, where Philip and his naki, "a'kSbi, eau de vie, Rafles.) 11 81 [ H] intended to /wallow Shell and all ? And then handed it to AwaJJwnks, fhe ventured to take a good hearty dram, and pafs'd it among her Attendants. The Shell being emptied, he pulled out his Tobacco, and having diftributed it, they began to talk. AwaJJwnks demanded of him, the Reafon why he had not (agreeable to his promife when fhe faw him laft) been down at Sogkonate before now; Saying that probably if he had come then according to his promife, they had never joyned with Philip againft the EnglifJi. He told her he was prevented by the Wars breaking out fo fuddenly. And yet, he was afterwards coming down, & came as far as Punkateefe, where a great many Indians fet upon him, and fought him a whole afternoon, tho' he did not come prepared to fight, had but Nineteen Men with him, whofe chief delign was to gain an Oppor- tunity to difcourfe fome Sogkonate Indians. Upon this there at once arofe a mighty Murmur, confufed noife, & talk among the fierce look'd Creatures, and all rifing up in an hubbub; and a great furly look'd fellow took up his Tomhog, or wooden CutlaJJi, to kill Mr. Church, but fome others prevented him. The Interpreter asked Mr. Church, if he underftood what it was that the great fellow (they had hold of) faid ? He anfwered him, No. Why, faid the Interpreter, He fays, you killed his Brother at Punkateefe, and therefore he thirfts for your blood. Mr. Church bid the Interpreter tell him that his Brother began firft : That if he had kept at 82 [ 25 ] Sogkonate according to his defire and order, he fhould not have hurt him. Then the chief Captain commanded Silence, and told them, That they fhould talk no more about old things, &c. and quell'd the tumult, fo that they fat down again, and began upon a difcourfe of making Peace with the EngliJJi. Mr. Church ask'd them, What Propofals they would make, and on what terms they would break their League with Philip? Defiring them to make fome Pro- pofals that he might carry to his Mailer's, telling them that it was not in his Power to conclude a Peace with them, but that he knew that if their Propofals were reafonable, the Government would not be unreafonable, [25] and that he would ufe his Intereft in the Government for them. And to encourage them to proceed, put them in mind that the Peauols m once made War with the EngliJJi, and that 184 The name Pcquot was given by animate objedl fpecified, the verb is the neighboring tribes to what was prop- Paguandog; whence probably Win- erly an off-moot of the Muhhekaneew throp's Pequins. It is lingular that fo {Mohican and Mohegari) nation, and obvious an etymology, or rather tranf- was poffibly affumed by themfelves, as lation, has hitherto efcaped notice. " the dejlroyers" of their enemies. The The name, like that given to the "Mo- early Dutch voyagers called them Pc- hawks," expreffes the terror with which quattoos and Pequatoes ; Roger Wil- this warlike race was regarded by other liams writes Pequttdog, &c. ; Winthrop, New-England tribes. [Winthrop, Pekoath, elfewhere Pequins, &c. The Journal, i : 52, 72, 122.] Indian verb fignifying " to deftroy,'' Their territory extended from the "to make havoc," has, before an inani- JViantic on the weft to the Paucatuck mate objedt, Paguatoog (as Eliot writes on the eaft; fome 30 miles in length by it, e.g., Is. iii : 12) in the third perfon fome 20 in breadth, moftly in Connec- plural of the indicative, " they deftroy." ticut. The " Pequot war" took place This agrees almoft exadtly with Roger in 1636-8. [De Foreft's Hijl. Ind. of Williams's form of the name. With an Conn. 58; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 161.] 83 [ 25 ] after they fubjected themfelves to the Englifli, the EngliJJi became their Protestors, and defended them againft other Nations that would otherwife have deftroyed them, &c. After fome further difcourfe, and debate, he brought them at length to confent that if the Government of Plymouth would firmly ingage to them, That they, and all of them, and their Wives and Children, fJiotild have their Lives /pared, and none of them tranfported out of the Country, they would fubjecl themfelves to them, aiid ferve them in what they were able. Then Mr. Church told them, That he was well fatisfyed the Government of Plymouth would readily concur with what they propofed, and would fign their Articles: And complementing them upon it, how pleafed he was with the thoughts of their return, and of the former friendfhip that had been between them, &c. The chief Captain rofe up, and expreffed the great value and refpe6t he had for Mr. Church; and bowing to him faid, Sir, If youl pleafe to accept of me and my men, and will head us, we '/ fight for you, and will help you to Philips head before Indian Corn be ripe And when he had ended, they all exprefs'd their confent to what he faid, and told Mr. Church they loved him, and were willing to go with him and fight for him, as long as the Englifli had one Enemy left in the Country. Mr. Church affured them, That if they proved as good as their word, they mould find him their's and their Chil- 84 [ *5 ] dren's faft friend. And (by the way) the friendfhip is maintain'd between them to this day. 185 Then he propofed unto them, that they mould choofe five men to go ftraight with him to Plymouth : They told him, No ; they would not choofe, but he mould take which five he pleafed: fome complements paffed about it, at length it was agreed, They fhould choofe Three, and he Two. Then he agreed, with that he would go back to the Ifland that Night, and would come to them the next Morning, and go thro' the Woods to Plymouth. But they afterwards objected, That this travelling thro' the Woods would not be fafe for him ; the Enemy might meet with them, and kill him, and then they fhould lofe their friend, and the whole deiign ruined befide. And therefore pro- pofed, That he fhould come in an Englifh VefTel, and they would meet him and come on board at Sogkonate-point, 185 This was written in 1715 or 1716. each place. [See original printed Re- in June, 1698, Rev. Grindal Rawfon, of port to Comm. for Prop. Go/pel, made Mendon, and Rev. Samuel Danforth, July 12, 169S.] In 1700 there were faid of Taunton, " Preachers to the Indians to be 100 Indian men ftill living in in their own tongue," vifited Little Little Compton. About 1750, a moft Compton, and reported that they found deftrudtive fever caufed great mortality two plantations of Indians there, at among them; lb that in 1774 the R. -I. Saconet and Cokejit (on the borders cenfus reported there only 1 male and of Dartmouth) ; that Samuel Church, 13 females above 16 yrs., and 5 males alias Sohcha-cvahham, taught the firft, and 6 females under that age, — 25 in and had ordinarily 40 hearers, of whom all. In 1803 there were "not more 20 were men; and that, at the fecond, than 10" there. So far as I can learn Daniel Hinckley taught eleven families in the town, there is not one perfon twice every Sabbath. A fchoolmafter, with any trace of Indian blood recogniz- named A/iam, alio labored at Coke/it, able in his veins there now. [1 Mafs. and there were two Indian rulers at Wft- Coll. ix : 204; x: 114, 119.] 85 [ *] and Sail from thence to Sandwich : which in fine, was concluded upon. So Mr. Church promising to come as foon as he could poffibly obtain a Veffel, and then they parted. He re- turned to the Ifland, and was at great pains and charge to get a Veffel, but with unaccountable difappointments; fometimes by the falfenefs, and fometimes by the faint- heartednefs of Men that he bargained with, and fomething by Wind and Weather, &c. [26] Until at length Mr. Anthony Low m put into the Har- bour 187 with a loaden Veffel bound to the Weftward, and being made acquainted with Mr. Churches cafe, told him, That he had fo much kindnefs for him, and was fo ft leafed with the bufinefs that he was ingaged in, that he would run the venture of his Veffel & Cargo, to wait ufton him. Accordingly, next Morning they fet Sail with a Wind that foon brought them to Sogkonate-point\ but coming there they met with a contrary wind, and a great fwelling Sea. The Indians were there waiting upon the Rocks, but 186 Anthony Lowe (Loc), fon of John, there in May, 1704, and conftable there Bofton, removed after 1654 to Warwick, in 06t., 1706; or whether that Anthony R.-I. ; in 165S was fined £3, by Plym- were his fon, I cannot determine, outh Court for felling a piftol to an In- [Savage's Gen. Did. iii : 125; Plym. dian, at Eaftham ; in 16S0 owned land Col. Rec. iii: 137; vi ; 56, 101 ; R.-I. adjoining Nathaniel Peck's in Swanfey, Col. Rec. iii : 49S, 571-] and in 1682-3 was living at Swanfey, 187 Newport Harbor, as I suppofe. and had an Indian Have named James, There is nothing that can be called a to whom the Plymouth Colony ordered harbor on the eaft ibore of the ifland. his freedom and " a good fuite of Newport was not more than five or fix clothes." Whether he afterwards re- miles from Capt. Almy's houfe in turned to Warwick, and was freeman Portfmouth. 86 [ 26] had nothing but a miferable broken Canoo to get aboard in. Yet Peter AwaJJionks ventured off in it, and with a great deal of difficulty and danger got aboard. And by this time it began to Rain and Blow exceedingly, and forced them away up the Sound; 188 and then went away thro' Briflol Ferry, round the Ifland to New-port, carrying Peter with them. Then Mr. Church difmifs'd Mr. Low, and told him, That inafmuch as Providence opposed his going by Water, and he expecled that the Army would be up in a few days, and probably if he flwuld be gone at that junclure, it might mine the whole defign ; would therefore yield his Voyage. Then he writ the account of his tranfaclions with the Indians, and drew up the Propofals, and Articles of Peace, and difpatch'd Peter with them to Plymouth', that his Honour the Governour if he faw caufe might fign them. Peter was fet over to Sogkonate on the Lords day 189 188 That is the " Eaft Paflage," or Indians of Saconett, to the number of Narraganlet River. about 30 men, with theire wiues and 189 This would feem to have been children, and tendered to renew theire Sab., 25 June, 1676. The army, by the peace with the Englilh, and requefted Court order (note 165, ante), were to be libertie to fitt downe in quietnes on ready to march on Wednefdaj, 21 June; theire lands att Saconett." Their ex- they ought to reach the neighborhood amination is detailed, at length. On of Rhode-Iuand by the following Sab- being upbraided for the wrong done in bath, and fo it would be natural that joining Philip, &c, " Chotvohumma, there mould be " great looking for faid : Wee cannot make fatiffaction for them," by this time. It is on record, the wronge don ; but if our weemen and alfo, that Peter, with George and Da- children can be cecured, wee will doe vid, alias Choxvahunna, appeared be- any feruice wee can by fighting againft fore the Council at Plymouth on the the enimie." They further faid that following Wednefday, 28 June, 1676, Succatiotvajfucke was the firft man that in " the behalfe of themfelues and other ftirred up the Indians to join with S7 [ 26] Morning, with orders to take thofe men that were chofen to go down, or fome of them at leafl with him. The time being expired that was appointed for the EngliJJi Army to come, there was great looking for them. Mr. Church on the Monday Morning (partly to divert himfelf after his fategue, and partly to liften for the Army) Rid out with his Wife and fome of his friends to Port/mouth™ under a pretence of Cherrying; but came home without any News from the Army: But by Midnight, or fooner, he was roufed with an Exprefs from Maj. Bradford, who was arrived with the Army at PocaJJet. To whom he forth- with repaired, 191 and informed him of the whole of his pro- ceedings, with the Sogkonate Indians. With the Majors Philip, and that he was at Saconet, and promifed to try to furprife him as foon as they fhould return. The Coun- cil propofed that Peter fhould remain as a hoftage, to which he confented. It was finally decided that they fhould go back, and that fuch as Maj. Brad- ford defired for the army fhould join that, and the others give up their arms ; that any "murdering" Indians of their number fhould be delivered up, and that they fhould not harbor the enemies of the Colony; on which conditions it was promifed that " they fhall haue a place affigned them for theire p'fent refidence in peace," with further prom- ife for the future, " in cafe the warr doe feafe." \_Plym. Col. Rec. v : 201-3.] 19J If Church were ftill an inmate of Capt. Almy's houfe in Portfmouth, there feems a little ftrangenefs in his fpeaking thus of riding out to Portf- mouth. He may have removed his family, before this, to Major Peleg Sanford's, in Newport (now in Middle- town), where, it will be feen, they were at the time of Philip's capture. Or, as the firft fettlement of the northern part of the ifland was around a cove between Briftol ferry and the Stone bridge (the fettlement being firft called Pocaffet; changed to Portfmouth, 1639-40), the name of Portfmouth may, at the date of which Church is here fpeaking, have been more efpecially appropriated to the original fettlement in the extreme north- ern portion of the prefent town, fo that he naturally fpoke of riding over from Capt. Almy's toward the Stone bridge, as riding out to Portfmouth. [Arnold's Hijl. R.-I. i: 71, 125, 136, 143.] 191 Tuefday, 27 June, 1676. 8S [ *7 ] confent and advice, he returned again next Morning 192 to the Ifland, in order to go over that way to AwaJJwnks, to inform her that the Army was arrived, &c. Accordingly from Sachueefet-Neck™ he went in a Canoo to Sogkonate^ told her Maj. Bradford was arrived at Pocajfet, with a great Army, whom he had inform'd of all his proceedings with her. That if fhe would be advifed and obferve order fhe nor her People need not to fear being hurt by them. Told her, She mould call all her People down into the Neck, leaft if they mould be found ftraggling about, mif- chief might light on them. That on the Morrow they would come down and receive her, and give her further orders. She promifed to get as many of her People to- gether as poffibly fhe could. Defiring Mr. Church to con- fider that it would be difficult for to get them together at fuch fhort [27] warning. Mr. Church returned to the Ifland, and to the Army the fame Night: The next Morn- ing 194 the whole Army Marched towards Sogkonate as far as Punkateefe ; and Mr. Church with a few Men went down to Sogkonate to call AwaJJwnks, and her People to come up to the Englifh Camp; as he was going down, they met with a Pocajfet Indian, who had killed a Cow and got a Quarter of her on his back, and her Tongue in his Pocket; who gave them an account, That he came from Pocaffet two days fince in company with his Mother 192 Wednefday, 28 June, 1676. foot of which the village of Newport 193 Sachueejet [Sachuejl~\ neck is the forms the inftep. It is diftant about 3 fouth-eaftern point of the ifland of miles, by water, due weft, from Saconet. Rhode-Iiland ; the elongated heel of the 19i Thurfdaj, 29 June, 1676. 12 8q [ 27 ] and feveral other Indians now hid in a Swamp above Nomquid'™ difarming of him, he fent him by two Men to Maj. Bradford, and proceeded to Sogkonate: they faw feveral Indians by the way skulking about, but let them pafs. Arriving at AwaJJwnks Camp, told her, He was come to invite her and her People up to Punkateefe, where Maj. Bradford now was with the Plymouth Army, expell- ing her and her Subjecls to receive orders, until further order cotcld be had from the Government. She complyed, and foon fent out orders for fuch of her Subjects as were not with her, immediately to come in; and by Twelve a Clock of the next day, 196 fhe with molt of her Number appear'd before the Englifh Camp at Pitnkateefe. Mr. Church tender'd the Major to Serve under his Commiffion, provided the Indians might be accepted with him, to fight the Enemy. The Major told him, his Orders were to im- prove him, if he p leafed, but as for the Indians, he would not be concerted with them. And prefently gave forth orders for AwafJwnks, and all her Subjects both Men, Women and Children to repair to Sandwich, and to be there upon Peril, in Six days. 197 AwafJionks and her chiefs gather'd 195 Nomqiiid \_Nonequit, Nonquit, made their appearance at Plymouth to JVatnqut'i, &c.,~\, the cove or pond lying confer with the Council, — and we are between Punkateefe neck and Tiverton. told that it was " after fome time for 196 Friday, 30 June, 1676. Both Hub- confideration" that the Council reached bard and Mather mention " about 90" its conclufion, — it is not probable that as the number of thofe with Awafhonks Maj. Bradford had been informed of in this fubmiffion. \_Narrative, 97; their decifion. (Mather fays, Awafhonks Brief Hijl. 39.] with about 90 came and tendered them- 197 As this took place only two days felves " before the meffengers re- after Peter and his two companions turned.") He was therefore acling on 90 [ 27 ] round Mr. Church, (where he was walk'd off from the reft) exprefled themfelves concerned that they could not be confided in, nor improv'd. He told them, 'twas beft to obey Orders ; and that if he could not accompany them to Sandwich, it JJwuld not be above a Week before he would meet them there ; That he was confident the Governour would Commifjion him to improve them. The Major haft- ened to fend them away with Jack Havens™ (an Indian who had never been in the Wars) in the Front with a flag of Truce in his hand. They being gone, Mr. Church, by the help of his Man Toby (the Indian whom he had taken Prifoner, as he was going down to Sogkonate) took faid Toby's Mother, & thofe that were with her, Prifoners. Next Morning 199 the whole Army moved back to Pocafjet. This Toby informed them that there were a great many Indians gone down to Wepoifet™ to eat Clams, (other Proviiions being very fcarce with them;) that Philip him- felf was expected within 3 or 4 dayes at the fame Place: his own authority as commander-in- on the Court Records under date of 6 chief, and his objedl in ordering Awa- March, 1676-7, " whoe haue approued fhonks and her tribe to Sandwich was, themfelues faithfull to the Englifh dur- clearly, to get them out of reach of ing the late Rebellion," befides Mama- temptation, at once, and opportunity, to nuett, their Sachem (and family), who join Philip in further hoftilities. His is defcribed as " att or about Saconett." order was not a harm one in the matter \Plym. Col. Rec. v : 225.] of time ; for the diftance could not 199 Saturday, 1 July, 1676. probably be more than 40 miles by the 20 ° Wepoifet [ Weypoifet, Waypoyfet, circuitous foreft-paths, for which he al- &c.,] was the Indian name for the narrow lowed them fix days. [Plym. Col. Rec. entrance of Kikemuit river feparating v : 202 : Mather's Brief Hi/lory, 39.] the northern part of Briftol, R.-L, from 198 Jack Havens is on the lift of four- the fouth-eaftern part of Warren, teen Indians, whofe names were entered [Fefienden's Hijl. Warren. R.-I. 71.] 9 1 [ ^8] being asked, What Indians they were} He anfwered, Some Weetemores Indians, fome Mowzt-hope Indians, fome Nar- raganfet Indians, and fome other Upland Indians, in all about 300. The Rhode-IJland Boats by the Majors order meeting them at PocaJ/et, they were foon imbark'd, it being jult in the dusk of the Evening, they could plainly difcover the Enemies fires at the Place the Indian directed to; 201 and the Army concluded no other but they were bound [28] direftly thither, until the}' came to the North End of the Ifland, and heard the word of Command for the Boats to bare away. 202 Mr. Church was very fond of having this probable opportunity of furprizing that whole Company of Indians imbraced: But Orders, 'twas faid, muft be obeyed, which was to go to Mount-hope and there to fight Philip. This with fome other good opportunities of doing fpoil upon the Enemy, being unhappily mifs'd. 203 201 The exact fpot where the Indians Hope Cove, would haul ftraight to the were digging clams and eating them weft, and, if they were to land at Briftol would feem to have been on the fouth- neck, fharp to the ibuth-weft. eaftern curve of what is now called 2a3 The narrative does not certainly Touiffett neck ; from whence fires would indicate whether the army kept Sab- be vifible acrofs the bay at Pocaffet; bath at Mount Hope, or, finding Philip where Maj. Bradford's army could was not there, puihed on at once up fcarcely be diftant from them five miles Mount-Hope neck and acrofs Miles's in a ftraight line. bridge to Rehoboth ; though the prob- 202 They probably embarked at what abilities feem to be ftrong that they did was then the Ferry, — now fpanned by not march to Rehoboth until they had, the "Stone Bridge," — from whence, for at leaft, fearched for the Indians whom two miles and a half, their natural they had feen the night before at Wey- courfe would lie directly towards the poifet. I imagine that the " other good light of the fires. When well up with opportunities" to which Church refers the north end of Rhode-Ifland, their as being " miffed," had reference to fev- courfe, if they were going to Mount- eral fruitlefs attempts, occupying feveral 92 [ a*] Mr. Church obtain'd the Majors Confent to meet the Sog- konate Indians, according to his promife. He was offer'd a Guard to Plymouth, but chofe to go with one Man only, who was a good Pilot. About Sun-fet 204 he with Sabin his Pilot 205 mounted their Horfes at Rehoboth, where the Army now was, and by two Hours by Sun next Morning arrived fafe at Plymouth : And by that time they had refrefhed themfelves, the Governour and Treafurer 206 came to Town. Mr. Church giving them a fhort account of the affairs of the Army, &c. His Honour was pleafed to give him thanks for the good and great Service he had done at Sogkonate, told him, He had confirmed all that he promifed Awafhonks, and had fent the Indian back again days in Mount-Hope neck and its re- gion, to damage the Indians, before the army went to the garrifon-houfe at Rehoboth, which (with one other) had efcaped deftru<5tion on the 28th of March. 2J4 This could not have been " fun- fet " of the next day after leaving Po- cafiet (Sab., 2 July, 1676), becaufe then Church would have reached Plymouth two hours after funrife, on Monday, 3 July. But he told the Governor, on the day of his arrival, that " the time had expired that he had appointed to meet the Sogkonates at Sandwich "; and as he had promifed them, on the 30th of June, that " it fhould not be above a iveek before he would meet them," his promife could not expire until Friday, 7 July : therefore he could not have reached Plymouth until on or after the 7th July. Hence he could not have left Rehoboth before Thurfday, 6 July, the fifth day after leaving Pocaffet, and landing at Mount Hope. 205 Sabin [Sabine'] was then a Reho- both name. Savage mentions eight of the name, all (he thinks) of Rehoboth, and five of whom ferved in Philip's war either in perfon or by contribu- tions. Blifs mentions Jonathan, as in the Narraganfett fight, and Samuel, as ferving under Maj. Bradford. He alfo gives the names of five (Jofefih, Wil- liam, Samuel, Benjamin, and a Widow Sabin) as making advances of money to fuftain the war. Doubtlefs, Church's guide was one of this patriotic family. [Gen. Did. iv : 1 ; Hijl. Rehoboth, 117, 11S.] 206 Jofias Winflow and Conftant Southworth. The former refided in Marlhfield, and the latter in Duxbury. [See notes 20 and 6S, ante."] 93 [ 28] that brought his Letter. He asked his Honour, Whether he had any thing later from Awafhonks ? He told him he had not. Where-upon he gave his Honour account of the Majors orders relating to her and hers, and what difcourfe had parTed pro & con about them; and that he had prom- ifed to meet them, and that he had incouraged them, that he thought he might obtain of his Honour a Commiflion to lead them forth to fight Philip. His Honour fmilingly told him, That he Jliould not want Commiflion if he would accept it, nor yet good EnglifJi men enough to make up a good Army. But in fhort, he told his Honour the time was expired that he had appointed to meet the Sogkonates at Sandwich. The Governour asked him, when he would go? He told him that afternoon, by his Honours leave. The Governour ask'd him, How many Men he would have with him? He anfwered, Not above half a dozen, with an order to take more at Sandwich, if he faw caufe ; and Horfes provided. He no fooner moved it, but had his number of Men tendering to go with him, among which was Mr. Jabez Howland™ and Nathanael South" 207 Jabez Hotvland was fon of John, gers; removed to Briftol, R.-L, and who came as attendant of Gov. Carver was licenied to keep an inn there in in the Mayflower; was fined at Plym- 1681, and was feledtman there in 16S2, outh, March 5, 1666-7, 35.4^, for a breach 1685, and 1690; was enfign of a mili- of the peace, in ftriking Jofeph Billing- tary company there in 1684; deputy ton ; ferved on a trial jury in 1671 and thence in 1689 and 1690. He married 1677, and on a coroner's jury in 1671 Bethia, dau. of Anthony Thacher, and and 1673 ; was conftable of Plymouth had ten children. [Savage's Gen. DiS. in 1675; petitioned for a grant of land ii : 479; Plym. Col. Rec. iv : 140; v: in 1675, in virtue of the Court order 82, 88, 122, 165, 170, 255; vi : 78, 84, preferring children born here to ftran- 131, 169, 206, 241.] 94 [ *8 ] worth'™ they went to Sandwich that Night; where Mr. Church (with need enough) took a Nap of Sleep. The next Morning with about 16 or 18 Men proceeded as far as Agawom™ where they had great expectation of meeting the Indians i but met them not; his Men being difcouraged about half of them returned; only half a dozen lluck by him, & promifed fo to do until they mould meet with the Indians. When they came to Sippican River™ Mr. How- land began to tyre, upon which Mr. Church left him, and two more, for a Referve at the River, that if he mould meet with Enemies and be forced back, they might be 208 Nathaniel Southivorth, fecond fon of Conftant, was born at Plymouth, 1648 ; furveyor of highways 1673 ; ferved on trial jury in 1677 ; was con- ftable of Plymouth, and ferved on coro- ner's jury in 1678; was fined 105. in 16S1, for refuting to aid the conftable of Plymouth ; ferved on coroner's jury in 1684; was a fele<5tman of Plymouth in 1689 and 1691, and grand juror in 1690. He was alfo a lieutenant. He died Jan. 14, 1711. Savage fays he lived at Middleborough ; but I find no trace of it in the Colony Records. [Savage's Gen. Did. iv : 143 ; Plym. Col. Rec. v : 115, 246, 257, 263; vi: 56, 148, 206, 237, 264.] 209 Agaxvam was the Indian name of the fettlement near the Agawam River, in what is now Wareham. The name is ftill retained by a little village on the low lands through which the river winds into the " Narrows." The name is from agxve, "below"; hence fignifying fometimes beloxv, as defcriptive of a point down ftream from another on the fame river, and fometimes a lotv place, as defcriptive of flats, or low land with- out reference to higher elevations in the vicinity, as thefe flat meadows in Wareham, and the "low ilands of Au- guan " of which Capt. Smith fpeaks. [Advertifements for the Unexperienced, d-c, p. 27.] 210 Sippican River (confluent with the Wetveantitf) runs into Buzzard's Bay about half way between the vil- lages of Wareham and Marion ; and its lower portion forms the boundary between thofe two towns. The word Sippican \_Sepaconnet, Scf>peka?i\ is related to Sebago, from the Abnaki, s8bek8, "lamer, eau falee," Rafles, (but bracki/k water, rather than fait, per- haps), the equivalent of Eliot' sjeippog, ufed in fames iii : 12, for "fait water." The Indians of Maflachufetts had no word {ox fait. See, by itfelf, fignifies ufually, " four"; hence, doubtlefs, " dif- agreeable," " ill-tafted." 95 [ 29] ready to affift them in getting over the River. Proceed- ing in their March, they croffed another River, 211 and opened a great Bay, 212 where they might fee many Miles along-more, where were Sands and Flats; and hearing a great noife below them towards [29] the Sea. They dif- mounted their Horfes, left them and crep'd among the bufhes, until they came near the bank, and faw a vaft company of Indians ; of all Ages and Sexs, fome on Horfe- back running races, fome at Foot-ball, 213 fome catching Eels & Flat-fifh in the water, fome Clamming, &c. but which way with fafety to find out what Indians they were, they were at a lofs. But at length, retiring into a thicket, Mr. Church hollow'd to them; they foon anfwered him, and a couple of fmart young Fellows, well mounted, came upon a full Career to fee who it might be that call'd, and came juft upon Mr. Church before they difcovered him; 211 In the abfence of any tradition here has a breadth of fix or feven miles; identifying this ftream, and deciding while it would give him fight of a merely by my knowledge of the locali- long coaft diftance down what is now ties, I conceive this to have been what the eaftern and fouthern more of Matta- is now called " Mill Creek," emptying poilett. I judge, therefore, that the into Aucoot Cove — which is the firft fands and flats on which Awalhonks inlet on the coaft fouth-weft of Sippican and her Indians were now encamped Harbor. were thofe between Aucoot Cove and 212 If I am right in the identification Angelica Point, or between Angelica of Mill Creek as the ftream laft referred Point and Ned's Point, in Mattapoifett to, after Church paffed over it, a prog- aforefaid. refs of lefs than a mile would enable 213 "A game of football in which he him to look out by the fouth-eaftern was expert, or of quoits, or a wreftling- extremity of Charles Neck and the bout, or a dance in which women did overlapping Butter's Point of Great not mingle, afforded fome occafional Neck (a mile and a half further eaft), variety." [Palfrey's Hijl. N. E. i : 32 ; and to " open " Buzzard's Bay, which Schoolcraft's Hiji. Ind. Tribes, ii : 78.] 96 [ 2 9 ] but when they perceived themfelves fo near EngliJJi Men, and Arm'd, were much furprized, and tack'd fhort about to run as faft back as they came forward, until one of the Men in the bufhes call'd to them, and told them his Name was Church, and need not fear his hurting of them. Upon which, after a fmall paufe, they turned about their Horfes, and came up to him; one of them that could fpeak EngliJJi, Mr. Church took afide and examin'd, who inform'd him, That the Indians below were AwaJ7wnks, and her com- pany, and that Jack Havens was among them; whom Mr. Church immediately fent for to come to him, and order'd the Meffenger to inform AwaJIionks that he was come to meet her; Jack Havens foon came, and by that time Mr. Church had ask'd him a few Queftions, and had been fat- isfyed by him, That it was AwaJJwnks, and her company that were below, and that Jack had been kindly treated by them; a company of Indians all Mounted on Horfe-back, and well Arm'd came riding up to Mr. Church, but treated him with all dew refpefts. He then order'd Jack to go tell AwaJIionks, that he defigned to Sup with her in the Evening, and to lodge in her Camp that Night. Then taking fome of the Indians with him, he went back to the River to take care of Mr. How land : 214 Mr. Church being a Mind to try what Mettal he was made of, imparted his notion to the Indians that were with him, & gave them directions how to a<5t their parts; when he came pretty 214 It would be four and a half or five Mr. Howland, with his referve of two miles back to Sippican River, where men, had been left. 13 97 [30] near the Place, he and his Englijli Men pretendedly fled, firing on their retreat towards the Indians that purfued them, and they firing as fall after them. Mr. Howland being upon his guard, hearing the Guns, and by & by fee- ing the motion both of the Engli/Ji and Indians, concluded his friends were diftreffed, was foon on the full Career on Horfe-back to meet them, until he perceiving their laughing miftrufted the Truth. As foon as Mr. Church had given him the News, they hafted away to AwaJJwnks. Upon their arrival, they were immediately conducted to a fhelter, open on one fide, whither AwaJJwnks and her chiefs foon came & paid their Refpedts: and the Multi- tudes gave fhouts as made the heavens to ring. It being now about Sun-fetting, or near the dusk of the Evening; The Netops 215 came running from all quarters loaden with the tops of dry Pines, & the like combuftible matter making a hugh pile thereof, near Mr. Churches fhelter, on the open fide thereof: but by this time Supper was brought in, [30] in three difhes, viz. a curious young Bafs, in one difh, Eels & Flat-fifh in a fecond, and Shell-fifh in a third, but neither Bread nor Salt to be feen at Table. But by that time Supper was over, the mighty pile of Pine 215 See note 143, ante. The word in- and a definite application (though it tends friendly Indians. Mr. Drake fug- was fometimes ufed by the Englilh, as gefts here that the term may be equiva- equivalent to Netop, or 'Indian'). It lent to Sannofi (citing Winthrop \_your- fignified ' a brave,' — vir, as diftinguifhed val, i: 49], and Hubbard [Gen. Hist. from homo; and was never applied by N.E., 253] ; though the latter has San- an Indian to a foreigner, or except to nap) ■ but Mr. Trumbull fays, " Sa?inop the warriors of his own nation or had, with the Indians, a more reftridted tribe." [Drake's Church (2d ed.), 91.] 9 S [3°] Knots and Tops, &c. was fired, and all the Indians great and fmall gathered in a ring round it. AwaJJionks with the oldeft of her People Men and Women mix'd, kneeling down made the firft. ring next the fire, and all the lufty, ilout Men ftanding up made the next ; and then all the Rabble in a confufed Crew furrounded on the out-fide. Then the chief Captain ftep'd in between the rings and the fire, with a Spear in one hand and an Hatchet in the other, danced round the fire, and began to fight with it, making mention of all the feveral Nations & Companies of Indians in the Country that were Enemies to the Englifli ; & at naming of every particular Tribe of Indians, he would draw out & fight a new fire brand, & at his finifh- ing his fight with each particular fire-brand, would bow to him and thank him; and when he had named all the feveral Nations and Tribes, and fought them all he ftuck down his Spear and Hatchet, and came out; and another ftept in and a6led over the fame dance, with more fury, if poffible, than the firft; and when about half a dozen of their chiefs had thus a6ted their parts, The Captain of the Guard ftept up to Mr. Church and told him, They were making Souldiers for him, and what they had been doing was all one Swearing of them™ and having in that manner 216 u The principle of enliftment is he chants his own fong, and is greeted fufficiently well preferved. ... Each war- with redoubling jells. Thefe ceremo- rior that rifes and joins the war-dance, nies are tantamount to ' enliftment,' and thereby becomes a volunteer for the trip. no young man who thus comes forward He arms and equips himfelf; he pro- can honorably withdraw." [School- vides his own fuftenance ; and when he craft's Information refpefling the In- fteps out into the ring, and dances, dian Tribes of the U.S. vol. ii : 59, 60.] 99 [ 3°] ingaged all the lufly flout men. Awafiionks & her chiefs came to Mr. Church) and told him, That now they were all ingaged to fight for the Englifh, and he might call forth all, or any of them at any time as he faw occafion to fight the Enemy, and prefented him with a very line Firelock. Mr. Church accepts their offer, drew out a number of them, and fet out next Morning before day for Plymouth, where they arrived fafe the fame day. The Governour being informed of it, came early to Town next Morning : and by that time he had Englifii Men enough to make up a good Company, when joyned with Mr. Churches Indians, that offered their Voluntary Service to go under his Command in queft of the Enemy. The Governour then gave him a Commiffion, which is as follows, f~~* Aptain Benjamin Church, you are hereby Nominated^ ^*- / Ordered, Commiffion? d, and Impowred to raife a Com- pany of Volunteers of about 200 Men, Englifh and Indians; the Englifii not exceeding the number of 60, of which Com- pany, orfo many of them as you can obtai7i, orfiiallfee caufe at prcfent to improve, y oil are to take the command and con- dticl, and to lead them forth now and hereafter, at fuck time, and unto fuch places within this Colony, or elfe where, within the confederate Colonies, as you fiiall think fit ; to difcover, purftce, fight, furprize, defiroy, or fubdue our Indian Ene- mies, or any part or parties of them that by the Providence of God you 7nay meet with ; or them or any of them by treaty and compofition to receive to mercy, if you fee rcafon [3i ] {provided they be not Murderous Rogues, or fuck as have been principal A clors in thofe Villanies:) And for a/much as your Company may be uncertain, and [31] the Perfons often changed, You are alfo hereby impowred with advice of your Company to chufe and Commifjionate a Lieutenant, and to eflablifJi Serjeants, and Corporals as you fee caufe : And you herein improving your befl judgment and difcretion and titmojl ability, faithfully to Serve the Interefl of God, His Majejly's Interefl, and the Interefl of the Colony ; and care- fully governing your faid Company at home and abroad : thefefiall be unto you full and ample Commijfwn, Warrant and Difcharge. Given under the Ptiblick Seal, this 2\th Day of July, 1676. 217 Per]oi. Winflow, GOV. 217 There is a miftake in the infertion of this commiffion here, not unnatural when the lapfe of time before the record was made, is taken into the account. This is not the commiffion which Church firft received, and on which he firft went out (as Judge Davis thought, inferring a mifprint in the date, of the 24th for the 14th [Morton's Memorial, 449] ) ; but that " enlarged " one which was afterwards given him. This is ob- vious, firft, from its date. If Church arrived at Plymouth on Friday, 7 July (fee note 204), he muft have found Awalhonks at Mattapoifett on Saturday, 8 July, and returned to Plymouth on Sunday, the 9th ; in which cafe the Governor came to town and commii- fioned him on Monday, the 10th July, and he fet off " the fame night into the woods," on his firft expedition as Cap- tain. There are no data for abfolute certainty as to this. But the Colony Records make it clear that he muft have been out on at leaft one fucceff- ful expedition before the trventy-fecond of July, becaufe they contain a Court order of that date, that all volunteers taking prifoners " fhaj^ haue the one halfe of them for theire pains and ven- ture, from the day of the date heerof, includcing thofe frifo)iers alfoe lajl brought in by Benjamine Church and his companie." [Ptym, Col. Rec. v : 207.] The Rev. Mr. Walley, alfo, writing to the Rev. Mr. Cotton [Davis's Morton's Memorial, p. 449] under date of 18 July, 1676, fays, " I am glad of the fuccefs Ben. Church hath; it is the good fruit of the coming in of Indians [3i ] Receiving Commiffion, he Marched the fame Night into the Woods, got to Middleberry™ before day, 219 and as foon as the light appeared, took into the Woods and Swampy thickets, towards a place where they had fome reafon to expe£t to meet with a parcel of Narraga7ifet Indians, with fome others that belonged to Mount-hope : Coming near to where they expected them, Capt. Church's Indian Scout difcovered the Enemy, and well obferving their fires, and poftures, Returned with the intelligence to their Captain, who gave fuch directions for the furrounding of them, as had the dire6t effect; furprizing them from every fide fo unexpectedly, that they were all taken, not fo much as one efcaped. And upon a ftrick examination, they gave intelligence of another parcel of the Enemy, at to us ; thofe that come in are conquered and help to conquer others." But Church had done nothing in this cam- paign which could be fo referred to, previous to his fetting off into the woods, here fpoken of. Therefore Mr. Walley muft refer to the remits of this expedition to Namasket and Monponfet, which muft, by confequence, have taken place between the ioth and iSth of July. It will be feen, alfo, further on, that Church twice ftates that he kept up this guerrilla warfare " feveral weeks " ; and then proceeds to narrate, as if taking place fubfequently, his fet- ting out for Bridgewater in purfuit of Philip; which, by his account, was on Sunday, 30th July. If his firft expedi- tion was, as I fuggeft above, on Mon- day, the ioth, only three weeks would intervene to make good his "feveral." Then, in the fecond place, the very terms of the commiflion itfelf ftiow that it was that " enlarged " one to which he fubfequently refers ; becaufe it gives him authority to " commiflionate officers under him," to " march as far as he lhould fee caufe, within the limits of the three United Colonies," to " receive to mercy, give quarter or not, &c. &c." [See p. 104.] 218 Middlcborough is a very large town, whofe eaftern boundary is about 10 miles weft of the village of Plymouth. Namajket was its Indian name, — from namas, " fiih " ; namas-ohke-ut, " at the filb-place " : that portion of the town which ftill bears the name, being a noted filhing-place among the Indians. 219 Tuefday, 1 1 July, 1676 ? [3i ] a Place called Munponfet-Pond™ Capt. Church haftning with his Prifoners, thro' the Woods to Plymouth, difpofed of them all, excepting only one Jefifery, who proving very ingenious & faithful to him, in informing where other par- cels of the Indians harboured Capt. Church promifed him, that if he continued to be faithful to him, he mould not be Sold out of the Country, but mould be his waiting man, to take care of his Horfe, &c. and accordingly he Served him faithfully as long as he lived. But Capt. Church was forth-with fent out again; and the Terms for his incouragement being concluded on : viz. That the Country JJiould find them Ammunition & Pro- vijion ; <3 J have half the Prifoners, & Arms, they took : The Captain and his Englifli Souldiers to have the other half of the Prifoners, and Arms ; and the Indian Souldiers the loofe Plunder. Poor incouragement ! But after fome time it was mended. They foon Captivated the Mtmponfets? 21 and brought in, not one efcaping. This ftroke he held feveral Weeks, 220 Monponfet (Moonponfct, Mauni- meaning of its name, Mr. Trumbull penjing) pond is an irregularly oblong fays, " Monponfet I cannot refolve." meet of water — perhaps averaging a 221 I think Church ufes this term here mile and a quarter in length by three- to defignate that "parcel" of the "Nar- quarters of a mile in breadth, and al- raganfetts " who were temporarily en- moft divided into two equal parts by a camped at this notable filhing-place, tongue of land running down from its rather than to indicate that there was northern fhore — lying in the northern any hoftile tribe of that name having a portion of the town of Halifax, Mafs., permanent refidence fo near to Ply- near to its junction with Hanfon and mouth, and deriving their defignation Pembroke, and about 10 miles W.N. from this pond. I find no trace of any W. from Plymouth. In regard to the such tribe in the records. 103 [32 ] never returning empty handed. When he wanted intelli- gence of their Kennelling Places, he would March to fome place likely to meet with fome travellers or ramblers, and fcattering his Company, would lye clofe; and feldom lay above a day or two, at the moft, before fome of them would fall into their hands : Whom he would compel to inform, where their Company was; and fo by his method of fecret and fudden furprizes took great Numbers of them Prifoners. 222 The Government obferving his extraordinary courage and conduct, and the fuccefs from Heaven added to it, faw caufe to inlarge his Commiffion; gave him power to raife, and difmifs his Forces, as he mould fee occalion; [32] to Commiffionate Officers under him, and to March as far as he mould fee caufe, within the limits of the three United Colonies: to receive to mercy, give quarter, or not ; excepting fome particular & noted Murderers : viz. Philip, and all that were at the deftroying of Mr. Clark's Garrifon, and fome few others 223 Major Bradford being now at Taunton with his Army 224 j 222 The arrangement mentioned Colony Record as " coepartenors in the above, by which thofe volunteers re- outrage comitted att William Clarke's ceived one half of the value of the houfe, att the Eelriuer, 12 March, 1676." prifoners and arms which were taken, \_Plym. Col. Rcc. v : 206.] as their pay for fervice ; fheds light upon 224 By the kindnefs of Mr. Haven of their efpecial anxiety to capture the the Antiquarian Society in Worcefter, enemy alive. and of Judge Collamore of Royalton, 223 This is the commiffion dated 24th Vt., I am in poffeffion of copies of a July, and inferted on p. 100. On the letter written from Taunton, on the 16th 21ft July, three days before, the names of this month by Anthony Collamore, of eleven Indians were placed on the one of Bradford's army there, giving 104 [32 ] and wanting Provilions; fome Carts were ordered from Plymouth for their fupply, and Capt. Church to guard fome account of their procedure, and fhedding a little light upon what has been a very obfcure portion of the war. As the letter has never, to my knowl- edge, been printed, I infert it in full : — " Tanton, this July y e 16, 1676. [Sunday.] " Deare and Loveing Wife, — After ' my kind love to you prefented hopeing ' thefe will find jou in health, as blefied ' be God I am at writing hereof. So ' likewife are all our Situate men & y e ' reft of our army. Y e feventh [Mr. ' Haven's copy makes this ' twelfth,' ' and Judge Collamore queries whether ' it be ' feventh ' or ' twelfth ; ' but the 'connection favors the former,] day of ' this Inftant wee marched from tan- ' ton towards Swanfy & from thence ' to Matapoyfett [Gardner's neck, fee ' note 48, ante] ; & fo continued in y e ' perfuite of them untill y e fourteenth ' day of y e above-laid Month; and wee ' haue killed & taken upwards of a hun- ' dred Indians ; but never an Englifh ' Man flain or wounded, only one or ' two bewildered in y* wood & fo taken ' by y e enemy [ * * * MS. illegible ' * * * ], nor have we any of our ' Indians flaine or wounded, but peter ' Mahalen has a fmall wound in his 'belly; wee intend to be in perfute of ' Phillip tomorrow againe, we have per- ' fued him fo clofe y* do wee almoft ' defpaire ; wee have followed him very ' clofe from fwamp to fwamp, fo y' he ' is enforced to fly with a very fmall ' quantity of men with him becaufe 14 io 5 'wee ftiall not find him out; but I ' hope with y e Bleffing of God wee fhall ' accomplish our defire y' is to take ' him ; thofe captives y' wee have taken (***** they tell us y' Robin ' Bradifh & Cornelias y' ftole Mr. ' Cufhen's cow, are gon doune between ' our town & hingum to do Mifchief ' there ; y° 1 I th day of this Inftant there 'was about a 100 Indians made an on- ' fett on tanton ; they had burnt only ' two out houfes for there was 200 ' Englifh & Indians there prefent, ' which fruftrated them of their de- ' figne ; fo y' they have killed never 'a man there; but they have killed ' one man fince ; pray prefent my fer- ' vice to my Uncle & Aunt with my duty ' to my father and mother & my love ' to my children & brother & lifters & 'y° reft of my friends; Sarg' [Bar- 'ker? — Deane's Scituate, 129, 216] is ' well fiting on a rock eating Biskett ' & Cheefe & defires to be remembered ' to his wife ; this being all at prefent ' from " Yo. ever Lo. Husband, "Anthony Collymer. " pray take an opportunity to gett two " bulhells of corn ground while y e wa- " ter lafts. "I hope there in no fear of y° In- " dians making an onfett on our towne " at prefent." [Anthony Collamore was nephew to Peter, one of the firft fettlers of Scitu- ate, and received, by his will, a fhare of his eftate. He married, in 1666, Sarah, [3» ] them. 225 But he obtaining other guards for the Carts, as far as Middleborough, ran before with a fmall Company, hoping to meet with fome of the Enemy, appointing the Carts and their guards to meet them at Nemafcut™ about an hour after the Suns rifing next Morning : he arrived there about the breaking of the day-light, dis- covered a company of the Enemy; but his time was too fhort to wait for gaining advantage; and therefore ran right in upon them, Surprized and Captivated about 16 of them: who upon examination, inform'd, That Tifpaquin^ 11 one of the twin daughters of Ifaac Chittenden, and had five children (Mary, Peter, Sarah, Martha, Eliza- beth). He was loft on a coafting voyage from Scituate to Bofton, 16 Dec., 1693, on a ledge of rocks off Scit- uate beach, which, to this day, bears the name of Collamore's Ledge. He was commander of the militia of the town at the time, and was buried " un- der arms." — [Deane's Scituate, 239, 240.] 225 This expedition feems to have taken place 20-27 July. Increafe Ma- ther, writing under date of Saturday, 22 July, fays : " This week alfo, Capt. Church, of Plimouth, with a fmall party confifting of about 18 Engli/k and 22 Indians [Hubbard (p. ioo) gives the fame as the number of the party] had four feveral engagements with the ene- my, &c"; going on to fpeak of the capture of Tiaihq's fquaw, in a way to identify this as the expedition to which he refers. \Brief HiJIory, 42.] 226 See note 218, ante. The exacl: place in Middleborough here intended, I fuppofe to be, fay 30 rods above the bridge where the road from the Green to the Four Corners croffes the Nemasket River; where were rapids, and near which is now the Lower Factory, or Star Mills. 227 Tifpaquin {Tufpaqnin, abbrev. from Watufpaquin, alias the Black Sacheiri) was Sachem of Affawompfett, the territory furrounding the pond of that name in Middleborough. He re- ceived his land from " Pamontaquajk, the Pond Sachem " (who was probably his father), by will dated 29 Ocl:., 1668. He deeded land, 9 Aug., 1667, to Hen- ry Wood; 17 July, 1669, with his fon William, to Experience Mitchel et al. ; 10 June, 1670, to Edward Gray; 30 June, 1672, to Edward Gray and Jofias Window ; in 1673, to John Saufaman ; II Mar., 1673, to Felix, Saufaman's fon-in-law ; 3 July, 1673, to Benjamin Church and John Tompfon ; 23 Dec, 1673, to Saufaman's daughter, called AJfotvetough ; 1 March, 1674-5, he and 106 [32 ] a very famous Captain among the Enemy was at AJfa- wompfet, with a numerous Company. But the Carts muft now be guarded, and the oppor- tunity of vifiting Tifpaquin muft now be laid afide: The Carts are to be faithfully guarded, left Tifpaquid mould attack them. Coming towards Taunton, Capt. Church taking two Men with him, made all fpeed to the Town; and coming to the River fide, 228 he hollow'd, and inquiring of them that came to the River, for Maj. Bradford, or his Captains; he was inform'd, they were in the Town, at the Tavern. He told them of the Carts that were coming, that he had the cumber of guarding of them, which had already prevented his improving opportunities of doing Service. Pray'd therefore that a guard might be fent over to receive the Carts, that he might be at liberty; refufing all invitations and perfwafions, to go over to the Tavern, to vilit the his fon William bail Tobias — accufed prefumed to have travelled, took fome- (and afterwards convicted) of Saufa- thing of the general courfe now taken man's murder — in lands to the value by the Middleborough and Taunton of £100; 14 May, 1675, they fell Affa- R.R., running fouth of that cul-de-fac wompfett neck to John Tompfon et al., in which the Taunton River enclofes a as a fecurity againft the claims of fouth-eaft portion of Raynham, ftriking others. In the fpring of 1676 he was the river for croffing a few rods above at the head of fome 300 men, and had the place where it receives Little a hand in the attempt to burn Scituate, River, and there connecting, as I am 20 April, and Bridgewater, 8 May. informed, with what is now Summer [Ply»i. Col. Rec. xii : 229, 230, 235 ; St. From the eaft bank of the river, v: 159; Drake's Book of the Ind. 193, where he now " hollow'd," to the town 194, 241, 242.] and the " tavern," muft have been •£& -phe qJj roac j f r om Middleborough probably a third of a mile, or a little to Taunton, on which Church may be more. 107 [33 ] Major: he at length obtained a guard to receive the Carts; by whom alfo he fent his Prifoners to be convey'd with the Carts to Plymouth, directing them not to return by the way they came, but by Bridgwater™ Haftening back he purpofed to Camp that Night at AJfawompfet Neck. 230 But as foon as they came to the River that runs into the great Pond thro' the thick Swamp at the entering of the Neck; 231 the Enemy fired upon them, but hurt not a Man. Capt. Churches Indians ran right into the Swamp and fired upon them, but it being in the dusk of the Evening, the Enemy made their efcape in the thickets: The Captain then moving about a Mile into the Neck, took the advantage of a fmall Valley to feed his Horfes; fome held the Horfes by the Bridles, the reft on the guard look'd fharp out for the Enemy, within hearing on every fide, and fome very near; but in the dead of the Night, the Enemy being out of hearing, or ftill, Capt. Church moved out of the Neck (not the fame way he came in, leaft he fhould be Ambuf [33]cado'd) 229 The road from Taunton to Pljm- on the weft ; fome four miles in length, outh by Bridgewater, to which Church and varying from two miles to 80 rods here refers, appears to have taken a tol- in width. This narroweft part is at erably ftraight courfe in a north-north- the northern entrance to the neck, eafterly direction to what is now Weft where Long Pond and Affawompfett Bridgewater, and then bore away a come near together, and are connected little fouth of eaft toward Plymouth — by a little brook. through what are now Halifax, North 231 The brook referred to in the laft Plympton, and Kingfton. note, which croffes the road to New 2SD The land, in what is now the town Bedford a little fouth of what has long of Lakeville, inclofed between Affa- been known as Sampfon's Tavern ; now wompfett and Great Quitticas Ponds dignified as the Lakeville Houfe. on the eaft and north, and Long Pond 108 [33 ] toward Cujhnet^ where all the Houfes were burnt; and croffing Cujhnet River, 233 being extreamly fategued, with two Nights and one Days ramble without Reft or Sleep; and obferving good forage for their Horfes, the Captain concluded upon baiting, and taking a Nap. Setting Six Men to watch the paffage of the River, two to watch at a time, while the other flept, & fo to take their turns; while the reft of the Company went into a thicket to Sleep under the guard of two Sentinels more. But the whole Com- pany being very drowfy, foon forgot their danger, and were faft a-fleep, Sentinels, and all. The Captain firft awakes, looks up, and judges he had flept four Hours, which being longer than he defigned, immediately roufes his Company, and fends away a file to fee what were become of the watch at the paffage of the River, but they no fooner opened the River in fight, but they difcovered a company of the Enemy viewing of their traces, where they came into the Neck; 234 Capt. Church and thofe with him foon difpers'd into the brufh on each fide of the way, 232 Cii/knet (AcuJ/wet, AccuJ/7ianeck, of 1675, — as, fee note 109, «»/ 394-J •246 Thg following order of the Court, paffed 13 March, 1675-6, will fliow the ftate of feeling then exifting on the ifland in regard to the refidence of In- dians among them: "This Affembly doe order, that whatfoever perfon in Rhode Ifland, or elfewhere in this Col- lony, that hath either Indian or Indians in his cuitody, from 12 yeares old and upward, fhall be bound in the daytime (if he goeth abroad from his houfe), to have a fufficient keeper in company with him, and to be locked up in the night in a fufficient place of fecurity; and that if any fuch Indian be found without fuch keeper in the day or lockt up in the night as abovefaid, all fuch matter foe offendinge fhall forfeitt £5 ; twenty-five fliillings fhall be to him that can take an Indian foe offendinge, and bring him before the Governor, or any magiftrate ; or by two fufficient witneffes to teftify againft the offender, and the remainder to the Generall Treafury." This order was published "by beate of drum." [R.-I. Col. Rcc. ii : 534-] "5 [35 ] quiet People : but in the end it prov'd a Providence & an advantage to him and his Family, as you may fee after- wards. This Indian Woman knew Capt. Church, and as foon as fhe faw him, held up both her hands and came running towards him, crying aloud, Church, Church, Church. Capt. Church bid her flop the reft of the In- dians, and tell them, The way to fave their Lives was not to run, but yield them/elves Prifoners, and he would not kill them; [35] fo with her help, and Dillano^s, who could call to them in their own Language, many of them flop'd and furrendred themfelves ; others fcampering and catling away their baskets, &c. betook themfelves to the thickets, but Capt. Church being on Horfe-back foon came up with them, and laid hold on a Gun that was in the hand of one of the foremoft of the company, pull'd it from him, and told him he mufl go back. And when he had turned them, he began to look about him to fee where he was, and what was become of his Company, hoping they might be all as well imploy'd as himfelf, but could find none but Dillano, who was very bufy gathering up Prifoners; the Captain drove his that he had ftop'd to the reft, inquiring of Dillano for their Company, but could have no news of them. But moving back picked up now and then a skulk- ing Prifoner by the way. When they came near the place where they firft ftarted the Indians, they difcover'd their Company flanding in a body together, and had taken fome few Prifoners; when they faw their Captain, they haftened to meet him : They told him they found it difficult getting 116 [ 35 ] thro' the Swamp, and neither feeing nor hearing any thing of him, they concluded the Enemy had kill d him, and were at a great lofs what to do. Having brought their Prifoners together they found they had taken and kill'd 66 of the Enemy. Capt. Church then ask'd the old Squaw, What company they belonged unto ? She laid, They be- longed part to Philip, and part to Qunuappin™ and the Narraganfet-Sachem™ difcovered alfo upon her declar- ation that both Philip and Qunnappin w T ere about two Miles off in the great Cedar Swamp; 249 he enquired of her, What company they had with them ? She anfwered, Abundance of Indians : The Swamp, fhe faid, was full of Indians from one end ttnto the other ; that were fettled there, that there were near an ioo men came from the Swamp with them, and left them upon that plain to gather Hurtle-berry's, and promifed to call them as they came back out of Sconticut- Neck, 250 whither they went to kill Caltel and Horfes for 247 Qiiinnafiin^PanoquiniSoxvagoni/h, at Dedham, 25-27 July, and who — tf-c.) was a Narraganfett, and nephew doubtlefs with his followers — was like- of jMiantunnomok. He became an ally ly to have been at this time with of Philip, — one of his three wives Philip. [Drake's Book of Ind. 257.] being a lifter of Wootonckaniifke, Phil- 249 That, as I fuppofe, which is ft 111 ip's wife, — was in the Narraganfett called by this name, two or three miles fwamp fight, and aided in the attack north-weft of the city of New Bedford, on Lancafter, 10 Feb., 1675; purchaf- and through which the road to Turner's ing Mrs. Rowlandfon of the Narragan- Mills now paffes. fett who captured her at that time. He 250 The fouthern portion of the town was taken foon after the time of his of Fair Haven, projecting like a finger prefent mention, and was fhot at New- pointing toward the Elizabeth Iilands, port, on fentence of a Court-martial, — fome 3 miles long by an average 25 Auguft, 1676. [Drake's Book of Ind. breadth of near \ of a mile, and forming 239; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. iii : 173.] the eaftern boundary of New-Bedford 248 Poffibly Pumham, who was killed Harbor. 117 [35 ] Provijions for the company. She perceiving Capt. Church move towards the Neck, told him, If they went that way they would all be kilPd. He ask'd her, Where-about they croffed the River ? She pointed to the upper palling place. 251 Upon which Capt. Church paffed over fo low down as he thought it not probable they mould meet with his Track in their return; 252 and haftened towards the Ifl.and, where he left Little Eyes, with Light-foot. 2 ^ Find- ing a convenient place by the River fide for the Securing their Prifoners, 254 Capt. Church and Mr. Dillano went down to fee what was become of Capt. Light-foot, and the Prifoners left in his charge. Light-foot feeing and know- ing them, foon came over with his broken Canoo; 255 and inform'd them, That he had feen that day about ioo Men of the Enemy go down into Sconticut Neck, and that they were now returning again : Upon which they three ran down immediately to a Meadow where Light-foot faid the Indians had paifed; where they not only faw their Tracks, but alfo them: Where-upon they lay clofe until the En- 251 The " upper paffing place " was to fwim not more than ioo yds. This where Church and his company had is juft north of the Wamfutta Mills in croffed, the night before, probably about New Bedford. where the bridge now is, at the Head 253 See note 238, ante. of the River. [See note 233, ante.~\ 254 Probably juft above Mill Creek, 252 Any lower croffing could hardly which flows into the Acufhnet juft be- have been accompliihed, even at ebb low the prefent New-Bedford and Fair- tide, without fome fwimming or the aid Haven bridge. of a canoe. The likelieft place for this 255 He doubtlefs landed near Fort lower croffing feems to be from Belville Phoenix; then, with Church and De- to Ifland Marlh, where the river nar- lano, ran along to the road up out of rows fo that they would have needed Sconticut neck and the meadow. 118 [36] emy came into the faid [36] Meadow, and the fore-moft fat down his load and halted, until all the company came up, and then took up their loads & march'd again the fame way that they came down into the Neck, which was the neareft. way unto their Camp; had they gone the other way along the River, 256 they could not have miffed Capt. Churches Track, which, would doubtlefs have expos'd them to the lofs of their Prifoners, if not of their lives. But as foon as the Coaft was clear of them, the Captain fends his Light-foot to fetch his Prifoners from the Ifland, while he and Mr. Dillano returns to the company, fent part of them to conduct L ight-foot & his company to the aforefaid Meadow, where Capt. Church and his company met them; croffing the Enemies Track they made all haft, until they got over Mattapoifet-river™ near about four Miles beyond the ruines of Cooks Houfe, where he ap- pointed to meet his Indian company, whither he fent Dil- lano ^ with two more to meet them; ordering them, that if the Indians were not arrived, to wait for them. Accord- ingly, finding no Indians there, they waited until late in the Night, when they arrived with their booty. 258 They 255 The neareft path from Sconticut Mattapoifet Harbor, and its courfe for neck to the Acuihnet crofting, probably its laft 5 miles averages about 4 miles was then very nearly where the road eaft of the Acuihnet, on whole more now is ; which averages a diftance of ftood Cook's houfe. about a mile from the eaftern more of 258 The weftern path around the great the Acuihnet. Church's path hugged cedar fwamp required much longer time that fliore, and, as he crofted lower down, than the eaftern, over which Church his track nowhere touched theirs. had come; and the Indians had that in 267 Mattapoifet River empties into mind in choofingit. (See note 240, ante.) 119 [36 ] difpatch'd a Port to their Captain to give him an account of their Succefs; but the day broke before they came to him: And when they had compared Succeffes, they very remarkably found that the number that each Company had taken and flain, was equal. The Indians had kill'd 3 of the Enemy, and taken 63 Prifoners, as the EnglifJi had done before them, both EnglifJi and Indians were fur- priz'd at this remarkable Providence, and were both parties rejoycing at it; being both before afraid of what might have been the event of the unequal Succefs of the parties. 259 But the Indians had the fortune to take more Arms than the EnglifJi. They told the Captain, TJiat they Jiad miffed a brave Opportunity by parting ; TJicy came upon a great Town of tJie Enemy, viz Capt. Tyasks 260 com- pany, ( Tyasks was the next man to PJiilip) TJiey fired upon the Enemy before tJiey were difcovered, and ran tipon tJiem witJi a fJiout ; tJie Men ran and left tJieir Wives and CJiildren, and many of tJiem tJieir Guns : 261 TJiey took 259 The reference is to the prejudice ing his Gun behind him, and his Squarv, — Avhich Church referred to when he who was taken"; and Hubbard fajs, made to the Indians of his party the " In June laft," — his chronology, of propofition to go by themfelves — ftill courfe, is in fault, — " one TiaJJiq, a exiftent in the Colony againft the In- great captain of his [Philip's], his wife dians as foldiers in that war; a preju- and child, or children, being taken; dice paralleled in obftinate perfiftence though he efcaped himfelf, at firft, yet by that fo long entertained by many came fince and furrendred himfelf." againft the colored troops in our recent [Brief Hi/i. 42; Narrative, 106.] ftruggle. 261 Mr. Drake fays, in his late edition 200 Tyajhs (TiaJJiq) I find nothing of of Mather's Brief Hijlory (p. 1S1, note), more than is here narrated, except that that " the place where these prifoners Mather fays of this fight, " TiaJJiq were taken was probably in fome part Philip's Chief Captain ran away leav- of what is fince Rochefter." It is haz- [37 ] Tyasks Wife and Son, and theft that if their Captain & the Englifli company had been with them they might have taken fome hundreds of them : And now they determined not to part any more. That Night Philip fent (as afterwards they found out) a great Army to way-lay Capt. Church at the entring on of Affawompfet Neck, expecting he would have returned the fame way he went in; but that was never his method to return the fame way that he came; & at this time going another way he efcaped falling into the hands of his Ene- mies. The next day they went home by Scipican? w and got well with their Prifoners to Plymouth. He foon went out again; and this itroke he drove many Weeks; 263 and when he took any number of Prifoners, he would pick out fome that he took a fancy to, and would tell them, Me took a particular fancy to them, and had chofe them for himfelf to make Sotildiers of ; and if any would behave themfclves well, he would do well by them, and they fJiould be his men and not Sold out of the Country. [37] If he perceived they look'd furly, and his Indian Souldiers ardous for a neophyte to venture to their preient position, on the eaft bank differ from one lb long and largely of the Mattapoifett River, to that point familiar with Indian affairs; but I think in the road to Plymouth, by Sippican, if Mr. Drake would take with him where Church difcovered Awalhonks Church's account over the country and her party. [See note 212, ante.^ traverfed, he would agree with me in 233 This is to be taken as a general fixing the place of Tiafhq's capture as remark, covering Church's relation to fomewhere on the northern and weftern this iummer of the war, and not as fkirts of the " great cedar fwamp," in intimating that many weeks pafled what is now New Bedford. before the period of the next incident 202 jj. would be a lhort four miles from which he fpecifically fets down. 16 121 [37 ] call'd them treacherous Dogs, as fome of them would fometimes do, all the notice he would take of it, would only be to clap them on the back, and tell them, Come, come, you look wild and furly, and mutter, but that Jignifies nothing, thefe my bejl Sou Idlers were a little while a go as wild and fur iy as you are now ; by that time you have been but one day along with me, you 1 1 love me too, and be as brisk as any of them. And it prov'd fo. For there was none of them but (after they had been a little while with him, and fee his behaviour, and how chearful and fuccefsful his Men were) would be as ready to Pilot him to any place where the Indians dwelt or haunted (tho' their own Fathers or neareft Relations mould be among them) or to fight for him, as any of his own Men. Capt. Church was in two particulars much advantaged by the great Engllfli Army 264 that was now abroad. One was, that they drove the Enemy down to that part of the Country, viz. to the Eaftward of Taunton River by which means his bulinefs was nearer home. The other was that when ever he fell on with a pufh upon any body of the Enemy (were they never fo many) they fled expecting the great Army. And his manner of Marching thro' the Woods was fuch, as if he were difcovered, they appeared 264 Befides the Plymouth troops un- der Capts. Brattle and Mofely, were der Major Bradford, to whom Church affociated with Bradford's men ; befides has herein referred ; Major Talcot was Henchman's forces, which were fcour- in the field with fome 250 Englifh and ing the interior woods. [Palfrey's Hiji. 200 Mohegans from Connecticut, and N. E. iii : 197; Barry's HiJl. Mafs. i: two companies from Mafiachufetts, un- 444, 445.] [37 ] to be more than they were. For he always Marched at a wide diftance one from another, partly for their fafety: and this was an Indian cuftom, to March thin and fcatter. Capt. Church inquired of fome of the Indians that were become his Souldiers, How they got fuch advantage often of the Englifi in their Marches thrd > the Woods ? They told him, That the Indians gain'd great advantage of the EnglifJi by two things; The Indians always took care in their Marches and Fights, not to come too thick together. But the EnglifJi always kept in a heap together, that it was as eafy to hit them as to hit an Houfe. The other was, that if at any time they difcovered a company of Englifi Souldiers in the Woods, they knew that there was all, for the Englifi never fcattered; but the Indians always divided and fcattered. Capt. CJiurcJi now at PlymoutJi, fomething or other hap- pen'd that kept him at home a few days, until a Poft came to Marfifield on the Lords day Morning, 265 informing the Governour that a great army of Indians were difcovered, who it was fuppofed were deligning to get over the River towards Taunton or Bridgwater, to Attack thofe Towns that, lay on that fide the River. 266 The Governour haftned to PlymoutJi, raifed what Men he could by the way, came to PlymoutJi in the beginning of the forenoon Exercife; 265 Sunday, 30 July, 1676. great-river") River. In order to get at 266 Philip had been in the neighbor- Taunton and Bridgewater, which were hood of Affawompfet Pond, in Middle- on the northern and weftern fide, it was borough, on the fouthern and eaftern needful for him to crofs ; and, both for fide of Taunton (Tilicul, i.e. Keh-teih- eafier croffing and to avoid the "great tuk-qut [Eliot, Gen. xv : 18], "on-the- army," he would move north to do it. 123 [38] fent for Capt. Church out of the Meeting-houfe, gave him the News, and defired him immediately to Rally what of his Company he could; and what Men he had raifed mould joyn them. The Captain beftirs himfelf, but found no Bread in the Store-houfe, and fo was forc'd to run from Houfe to Houfe to get Houfe-hold Bread for their March; but this nor any thing elfe prevented his Marching by the beginning of the afternoon Exercife; March- [38]ing with what Men were ready, he took with him the Poll that came from Bridgwater to Pilot him to the Place, where he tho't he might meet with the Enemy. 267 2( " Mitchell [in 2 Mafs. Hiji. Coll. vii : 157, and in his Hijt. Bridge-water, 39] gives an extract from an old manu- fcript which he fuppofes to have been written by Comfort Willis, who was "Town Trooper" at this time,- which gives fome details nightly at variance with Church's account of the matter, but which, if genuine, muft take pre- cedence in authenticity. He fays, " On Saturday [29 July], Capt. Hay j ward, Sergt. Packard, John Willis, and Ifaac Harris, went out to fee if the In- dians were coming down upon them, and they faw an Indian, which made them think the enemy was at hand ; and they immediately prefled Comfort Willis and Jofeph Edfon to go poft to the Governor the fame day at night to tell him of it. And he [the Gover- nor] went to Plymouth with them the next day, [Sunday, 30 July] to fend Capt. Church with his company. And Capt. Church came with them to Mon- ponfet [Halifax] on the Sabbath, and came no further that day; and he told them he would meet them the next day. And Comfort Willis and Jofeph Edfon came home at night, and told their friends of it, and Enfign Haward, Sam- uel Edfon, Jofiah Edfon, Jofeph Edfon, John Wafhburn, Samuel Wafhburn, Thomas Wafhburn, John Field, Nicholas Byram, Samuel Allen, Samuel Allen, jr., John Gordon, John Hayward, John Packard, John Ames, Comfort Willis, Guido Bailey, Nathaniel Hayward, John Whitman, John Packard, and Samuel Leach went out on Monday, fuppofing to meet with Captain Church; but they came upon the enemy, and fought with them, and took feventeen of them alive, and alio much plunder, and they all returned, and not one of them fell by the enemy, and received no help from Church." I incline to accept the verfion of this MS., and I reconcile its ftatements with thofe of Church by fuppofing him, in his reminifcence of the events, forty 124 [38] In the Evening they heard a fmart firing at a diftance from them, but it being near Night, and the firing but of fhort continuance, they mifs'd the place and went into Bridg- water Town. 268 It feems, the occafion of the firing, "was, That Philip finding that Capt. Church made that fide of the Country too hot for him, defign'd to return to the other fide of the Country that he came laft from. 269 And coming to Taunton River with his company, 270 they fell'd years after, to have dropped out one day from his reckoning, — if his lan- guage was meant to be taken, as it would naturally be, as implying that "in the evening" was the evening of the fame day on which he left Ply- mouth. I think that he went no further than Monponfet on the Sabbath ; that on Monday he fcouted fouth-weftward toward Bridgewater, along the upper lkirt of thofe great cedar fwamps which ftill occupy fo many miles of the north- ern part of Middleborough, and where he would be likelieft to find Philip, but failed to fall in with him ; that the "fmart firing at a diftance" which he heard, was that of Comfort Willis's party (Increaje Mather fays it was " about 3 h. p. m") ; and that " miffing the place " of that, he went into Bridge- water Town on Mofiday evening, 31 July. Hubbard and both the Mathers fix the date of the expedition of the Bridgewater men — as the old MS. does — on Monday, 31 July; while, if the apparent ftatement of Church were taken, it would fix it on Sunday, the 30th. Four to one, and that one dic- tating fo long afterward, mull carry the day. [Hubbard's Narrative, 101 ; Brief Hijiory, 44; Magnalia (ed. 1853) ii: 575-] 208 Bridgctvater Toivn then was what is now known as Weft Bridge- water; the firft fettlement having been made on Town River, lefs than three miles eaft of the prefent eaftern boun- dary line of Eafton. 269 That is, on the weftern fide of Titicut River, toward the Nipmuck country, north-wefterly, or toward the Narraganfett country on the fouth-weft. 270 After long inquiry, I have failed to get any evidence, of much value, fixing the pofition of this croff- ing-place where the tree was felled. The only tradition of any fort which has come to my knowledge, with re- gard to it, was furnifhed me by Williams Latham, Efq., of Bridgewater, who informs me that Mr. Stillman B. Pratt, late editor of the Middleborough Ga- zette, once told him that the tree was felled near the junction of theNemafket, with the Taunton River. This fpot is about three quarters of a mile a little eaft of fouth of the prefent Titicut Station on the Old-Colony and Fall- 125 [38] a great Tree a-crofs the River for a Bridge to° pafs over on; and juft as Philips old Uncle Akkompoin™ and fome other of his chiefs were paffing over the Tree, fome brisk Bridgwater Lads, had Ambufh'd them, fired upon them, and killed the old man, and feveral others, which put a ftop to their coming over the River that Night. Next Morning 272 Capt. Church moved very early with his Company which was increafed by many of Bridgwater that lifted under him for that Expedition, and by their Piloting, he foon came very ftill, to the top of the great Tree which the Enemy had fallen a-crofs the River; and the Captain fpy'd an Indian fitting upon the flump of it on the other fide of the river; and he clap'd his Gun up, and had doubtlefs difpatch'd him, but that one of his own Indians called haftily to him, Not to fire, for he believed it was one of his own men; upon which the Indian upon River Railroad. I diftruft this tradi- in his natural route from Monponfet. tion, however, and am of opinion that I fhould be inclined, then, to place the Philip kept up feveral miles further on probable pofition of the tree much near- the eaft bank of Town River, before er to Sprague's Hill than to Titicut. croffing, for thefe reafons : (i) it feems 271 Unkompoin [Uncompowett~\i\gne.d to me, intrinfically, quite as probable a treaty of friendship with the Englifh that he would do fo ; (2) the ftream at Plymouth, 6 Aug, 1662, with Philip, would be much lefs in width, and could and is there ftyled " Vnkell to the aboue- be much eafier crofted upon a tree, in faid fachem." With Philip, he claimed the manner fuggefted ; (3) the requifites land in Swanfey, in 1668. Mather fays of the fubfequent narrative feem to me he was " one of his [Philip's] chief to require them to be further north on Councellors." Mr. Drake fays he was the ftream next day than they would alfo called Woonkaponehunt and Woh- have been if the tree had been as low kowpahenitt. [Plym. Col. Rec. iv : down as Titicut; and (4) that my fup- 26; v: 79; Brief Hifi. 44; Book of pofition would bring their "firing" up Ind. 199, 203, 204.] more nearly within Church's hearing, ZJ2 Tuefday, 1 Aug. 126 [38] the ftump look'd about, and Capt. Churches Indian feeing his face perceived his miftake, for he knew him to be Philip ; clap'd up his Gun and fired, but it was too late, for Philip immediately threw himfelf off the ftump, leap'd down a bank on the fide of the River, and made his efcape. Capt Church as foon as poflible got over the River, and fcattered in queft of Philip, and his company; but the Enemy fcattered and fled every way; but he pick'd up a confiderable many of their Women and Chil- dren, among which was Philip'' s Wife, and Son of about Nine Years Old. 273 Difcovering a confiderable new Track 273 Philip's wife's name, Mr. Drake fays, was Wootoneka?iufke ; and he adds that (he was a fitter of one of the three wives of Quinnapin. Judge Davis gives an interesting account of the difcuflion that took place in the Colony in regard to the difpofition to be made of Philip's fon. The Court feem — as they often did, on queftions concerning which they had doubt, and the more efpecially when thofe queftions were of a moral nature — to have confulted the princi- pal Reverend Elders. Samuel Arnold (paftor of the church in Marfhfield) and John Cotton (Plymouth) write, 7 Sept., 1676, thus : " Upon ferious confidera- tion, we humbly conceive that the chil- dren of notorious traitors, rebells and murtherers, efpecially of fuch as have bin principal leaders and aclors in fuch horrid villanies, and that againft a whole nation, yea the whole Ifrael of God, may be involved in the guilt of their parents, and may, falva repub- lican be adjudged to death, as to us feems evident by the fcripture inftances of Saul, Ac/ian, Human, the children of whom were cut off by the fword of Juftice for the tranfgreffions of their parents, although, concerning fome of thofe children, it be manifeft that they were not capable of being coaifters therein." Increafe Mather, of Bolton, wrote to Mr. Cotton, 30 Oc5t., 1676 : " It is neceffary that fome effectual courfe fhould be taken about him [Philip's fon]. He makes me think of Hadad, who was a little child when his father (the chief fachem of the Edom- ites) was killed byjoab; and, had not others fled away with him, I am apt to think, that David would have taken a courfe, that Hadad fhould never have proved a fcourge to the next genera- tion." Rev. James Keith, of Bridgewa- ter, alio wrote to Mr. Cotton, 30 Oct., 1676, but as follows : " I long to hear what becomes of Philip's wife and fon. I know there is fome difficulty in that PJ'alm, cxxxvii : 8, 9, though I think it 127 [38] along the River, and examining the Prifoners, found that it was Qunnappin and the Narraganfcts, that were drawing off from thofe parts towards the Narraganfet Country, he inquired of the Prifoners, Whether Philip were gone in the fame Track ? they told him, They did not know, for he fled in a great fright when the firfi Englifh Gun was fired, and they had none of them feen or heard any thing of him fiince. Capt. Church left part of his Company there to fecure the Prifoners they got, and to pick up what more they could find; and with the reft of his company hafted in the Track of the Enemy to over-take them, if it might be, before they got over the River, and ran fome Miles along the River until he came unto a place where the Indians had waded over; 274 and he with his Company waded over after them up to the Arm-pits; being almoft as wet be- fore with Sweat as the River could make them: Follow- ing about a Mile further, and not overtaking them, and the may be confidered, whether there be Bermudas. [Davis's Morton's Mem. not ibme fpecialtj and fomewhat ex- 454.] traordinary in it. That law, Deut. ~ 74 While bathing, when a boy, in this xxiv : 16, compared with the com- river, I have often waded acrois on a mended example of Amaziah, 2 C/iron. bar which a local tradition affigns as xxv : 4, doth fway much with me in the place where the Indians croffed on the cafe under confideration. I hope this occafion. It is, if I remember cor- God will direct thofe whom it doth redtly, perhaps a mile and a quarter concern to a good iffue, &c. &c." By a up ftream from the junction of the letter from Mr. Cotton to Dr. Mather, Nemafket with the Taunton, and nearly 20 March, 1677, which contains this due weft of the refidence of the late paffing remark, " Philip's boy goes now Cephas Thompfon, Efq., in Middle- to be fold," it is made almoft certain borough. If the pofition of the tree that, with his mother, he fhared the was where I fuppofe it to have been fate of fo many of his nation, and went (fee note 270, ante), this fuits very well to fpend his fpared life in Cadiz, or the the demands of the narrative. 128 [39] Captain being under a neceffity [39] to return that Night to the Army, came to an halt, told his Company, he mufl return to his other men. His Indians Souldiers moved for leave to purfue the Enemy (tho' he return'd;) faid, The Narraganfets were great Rogues, and they wanted to be revenged on them for killing fome of their Relations ; named, Tokkamona™ (Awaflwnks Brother) and fome others. Capt. Church bad them go & profper, and made Light-foot their chief, 276 and gave him the title of Captain, Bid them go and quit themf elves like men. And away they fcam- pered like fo many Horfes. Next Morning 277 early they returned to their Captain, and informed him, That they had come tip with the Enemy, a7id kilPd feveral of them, and brought him Thirteen of them Prif oners ; were mighty proud of their Exploit, and rejoyced much at the oppor- tunity of avenging themfelves. Capt. Church fent the Prifoners to Bridgwater, and fent out his Scouts to fee what Enemies or Tracks they could, difcovering fome fmall Tracks, he follows them, found where the Enemy had kindled fome fires, and roafted fome flefh, &c. but had put out their fires and were gone. The Captain fol- lowed them by the Track, putting his Indians in the Front; fome of which were fuch as he had newly taken from the 275 Takanumma, " a Sachem at Sac- Treafurer, and Philip engaged for his onett," appeared at Plymouth Court, " performance of the faid engagement 3 Nov., 1671, "with Philip, cheife Sa- in all points thereof." \_Plym. Col. Rec. chem," and engaged fubjection " to the v : 80. Kinges ma" 1 of England, this gou'ment, 276 See note 238, ante. and the lawes thereof," &c, agreeing to 277 Wednefday, 2 Auguft, 1676. pay yearly one wolf's head to the 17 129 [39] Enemy, and added to his Company. Gave them order to March foftly, and upon hearing a whiffle in the Rear to lit down, till further order. Or upon difcovery of any of the Enemy to flop, for his delign was, if he could, difcover where the Enemy were, not to fall upon them (unlefs neceffitated to do it) until next Morning. The Indians in the Front came up with many Women and Children, and others that were faint and tired, and fo not able to keep up with the Company; thefe gave them an account that Philip with a great number of the Enemy were a little before. Capt. Churches Indians told the others, They were their Prif oners, but if they would fubmit to order and be Jlill no one JJwuld hurt them : They being their old ac- quaintance, they were eafily perfwaded to conform. A little before Sun-fet there was a halt in the Front until the Captain came up, and they told him, They difcovered the Enemy : He order'd them, to dog them, and watch their motion till it was dark. But Philip foon came to a ftop, and fell to breaking and chopping Wood, to make fires : and a great noife they made. Capt. Church draws his company up into a ring, and fat down in the Swamp 278 - 78 I find no data in any of the ac- borough, probably not far from the counts of this purfuit for an accurate pofition of the State Alms Houfe in determination of the locality of this the former. From this point, where fwamp; our only guide being general the Indians waded acrofs to the Bridge- conjecture founded upon the lay of the water fide, they unquestionably ihaped land, the time taken, and the probabil- their general courfe for the Narragan- ities of the cafe. We muft affume as fett country. But in doing fo they muft the point of departure fome place on make a detour to the weft to avoid the Titicut River where it divides the pref- " army" in Taunton; as following the ent towns of Bridgewater and Middle- neareft route along the weftern bank of J 30 [39] without any noife or fire : The Indian Prifoners were much furprized to fee the EnglifJi Souldiers; but the Cap- tain told them, If they would be quiet mid not make any dif- turbance or noife, they flwuld meet with civil treatment, but if they made any difiurbance, or offered to run, or 7nake their efcape, he would immediately kill them all ; fo they were very fubmiilive & obfequious. When the day broke, 279 Capt. Church told his Prifoners, That his Expedition was fuck at this time that he could not afford them any guard : Told them, They would find it to be their interefl to attend the orders he was now about to give them ; which was, That when the fight was over, which they now expelled ; or as the river would bring them direclly up- on that town. A glance at the config- uration of the country will make it moft probable, then, that they paffed between Nunkateji (^Nippenickei) and Gujhee ponds, over into the north part of what is now Raynham, and thence into the north part of what is now Taunton, between Winniconnet and Watfon's ponds, and fo fouth-weft, about as the divifion line between Taunton and Norton runs, toward Rehoboth. I af- fume that from 15 to 18 miles through thofe rough wood-paths and fwamps would be as much as fuch a mixed company, many of whom were "faint and tired," could accomplilh in a day. This, by the route which I have indi- cated, would bring them near to three cedar fwamps ; one now called Crook- ed-Meadow Swamp, through which the town line between Taunton and Norton runs; one called Seekonk Swamp, in the fouthern angle of Norton ; and a fmaller one, three-quarters of a mile into Rehoboth, and fome two miles north of Squannakonk Swamp, where Anna-won was afterwards taken. It is my impreffion that the latter beft meets all the conditions of the cafe. Philip feems to have camped on an upland on the edge of or within the fwamp, as was their cuftom. Mr. Drake, in his edition of Church, places the fwamp which fheltered them in Mattapoifett neck in Swanfey. But that mutt have involved a return march on the part of Church and his prifoners of 25 to 30 miles back to Bridgewater, which was more than they could well accomplilh before "that night"; befides that from Swanfey Church's natural route would have led through Taunton, where he would moft likely have delivered his prifoners, as on a fubfequent occafion. 2 " 9 Thurfday, 3 Auguft, 1676. 131 [4°] foon as the firing ceafed, they mufl follow the Tracks of his Company and come to them. (An [40] Indian is next to a blood-hound to follow a Track.) He faid to them, It would be in vain for them to think of difobedience, or to gain any thing by it, for he had taken and killed a great many of the Indian Rebels, and flwuld in a little time kill and take all the reft, &c. By this time it began to be fo light, as the time that he ufually chofe to make his on- fet. He moved fending two Souldiers before to try if they could privately difcover the Enemies poftures. But very unhappily it fell out, that the very fame time Philip had fent two of his as a Scout upon his own Track, to fee if none dog'd them; who fpy'd the two Indian men, and turn'd fhort about, and fled with all fpeed to their Camp: and Capt. Church purfued as fall as he could; the two Indians fet a yelling and howling, and made the moft hideous noife they could invent, foon gave the Alarm to Philip & his Camp; who all fled at the firft tydings, left their Kittles boiling & Meat roafting upon their wooden Spits, & run into a Swamp with no other Break-fart, than what Capt. Church afterwards treated them with. Capt. Church purfuing, fent Mr. Ifaac How- land m with a party on one fide of the Swamp, while him- 280 Ifaac Howlafid was youngeft fon at M., in 1674, 1684, 1685, 1686; ad- of John, and brother of Jabez (fee note mitted freeman in 16S1 ; was a member 207, ante) ; was one of the firft fettlers of of the " grand enqueft," in 1682 ; ferved Middleborough ; married Eliza, daugh- on a trial jury, in 1683 ; was licenfed to ter of George Vaughan ; was furveyor keep an ordinary at M., in 1684; was of highways at M., in 1672; fele&man deputy for M., in 1689, 1690, 1691; re- 132 [ 4° ] felf with the reft ran on the other-fide, agreeing to run on each fide, until they met on the further end: placing fome men in fecure Stands at that end of the Swamp where Philip entered, concluding that if they headed him and beat him back, that he would take back in his own Track. Capt. Church and Mr. Howland foon met at the further end of the Swamp (it not being a great one) where they met with a great number of the Enemy, well armed, com- ing out of the Swamp. But on light of the EnglifJi they feemed very much furprized, & tack'd fhort. Capt. Church called haftily to them, and faid, If they fired one Gun they were all dead men ; for he would have them knozv that he had them hem?d in, with a force fuffcient to command them ; but if they peaceably furrender^d they fJwuld have good quarter^ 1 &c. They feeing both Indians and EnglifJi come fo thick upon them, were fo furprized that many of them ftood ftill and let the EnglifJi come and ceived £7 of Thomas Joilen, of Little Capt. Churches Company, efpyingthem, Compton, for " a yoak of oxen, unjuftly called aloud unto them in their own Lan- detained." [Savage's Gen. Did. ii : guage, telling them, that if they Jhot a 479 ; Plym. Col. Rcc. v : 93, 145 ; vi : Gun, they -were all dead tnen ; with 62, 86, 129, 131, 168, 186, 198, 206, 212, which they were fo amazed, that they 222, 240, 246, 263, 268.] durft not once offer to fire at the En- 281 Hubbard fays, "In this engage- glim, which made the victory the more ment God did appear in a more then remarkable." [Narrative, 102.] Ma- ordinary manner to fight for the En- ther [Brief History, 44] adds that the glifh, for the Indians by their number, Indian's name was Matthias. As Church and other advantages of the place, were could not himfelf fpeak Indian, this is fo conveniently provided, that they probably the correct verfion of what might have made the firft fhot at the took place; or perhaps he fpoke in En- Englilh, and done them much damage; glifh, and his Indian foldiers repeated but one of their own Country-men in his words in their tongue. 133 [4i ] take the Guns out of their hands, when they "were both charged and cock'd. Many both Men, Women and Chil- dren of the Enemy were imprifoned at this time; while Philip, Tifpaquin, Tolq/bn, 282 &c. concluded that the Eng- lifli would purfue them upon their Tracks, fo were way- laying their Tracks at the firft end of the Swamp, hoping thereby to gain a fhot upon Capt. Church who was now better imploy'd in taking his Prifoners & running them into a Valley, in form fomething fhap'd like a Punch- bole, and appointing a guard of two files trible armed with Guns taken from the Enemy. But Philip having waited all this while in vain, now moves on after the reft of his company to fee what was become of them. And by this time Capt. Church was got into the Swamp ready to meet him; and as it happen'd made the firft difcovery, clapt behind a Tree until Philips company came pretty near, and then fired upon them, kilTd many of them, and a clofe skirmifh followed. Upon this Philip having grounds fufiicient to fufpe6t the event of his com[4i]pany that 282 Tatofon (Totofon, Tantozen) is of lands upon Weequancett neck in 1666 ; faid to have been the fon of Sam with others "engaged his Fidelitie " to Barrow, whole death is mentioned fur- the Colony at Plymouth, 6 July, 1671 ; ther on. There is a tradition that his led the party that murdered Clark's camp was upon what — it is thought Garrifon, 12 March, 1676 (fee note 156, by corruption from his name — is now ante), whereupon "four coates" were called Tozifcr's neck, an upland penin- offered to Capt. Amos as a reward if fula projecting into Great-Bear Swamp, he would "bring him in"; and feems about a mile and a half fouth-weft of to have died miferably, foon after Phil- the village of Rochefter, Mafs., and a ip's death, as will appear further on. fhort diftance eaft of the road to Matta- [Drake's Book of the Ind. 244; Plym. poifett. Tatofon was witnefs to a deed Col. Rcc. v : 72, 205, 206, 209.] 134 [4i J went before them, fled back upon his own Track; and coming to the place where the Ambufh lay, they fired on each other, and one Lucus of Plymouth,^ not being fo 283 Thomas Lucas (Lucaje) has a Angularly and perfiftently bad record. He firft appears before the Court, 3 Feb., 1656, when he had a controverfy with the widow Dotey, and was caft in 35.; 2 Oct., 1658, he was fined 105. for a fecond conviction of drunkennefs, and 55. for retailing ftrong liquors; 6 Oct., 1659, ne was fined 105. for being drunk; 7 Mar., 1659-60, he was fined 305. for abufive conduct toward James Cole, sen.'s wife and James Cole, jr.'s child ; 2 Oct., 1660, he was fined 105. for be- ing drunk twice; 5 Mar., 1660-1, he was bound in £20 to find fureties for good behavior, but prefenting himfelf in Court, " diftempered with drinke," and with " vnbefeeming behauiour" he was committed to prifon and fined 40s. ; 7 May, following, he was found drunk, and broke his bonds, and his cafe was referred to the next Court, which "upon fome confiderations " remitted £10 of his forfeiture ; 3 Mar., 1662-3 he was fentenced to be "whipt" for drunken- nefs, but the fentence was fufpended if he did not offend again ; 1 Mar., 1663-4, ne S°t h' s whipping, and was alfo bound over in £20, for abufing his wife and reviling others; 8 June, 1664, he was put in the ftocks for fwearing ; 9 June, 1665, was imprifoned 24 hours for the fame offence; 3 061. , 1665, he was fined xos. for being drunk; 2 Mar., 1668-9, hi s w 'f e teftified that he had not abufed her fince he was bound over; and he, promifing amendment, was releafed of that prefentment; 7 June, 1670, he was fined 35. \d. for breaking the king's peace ; 3 June, 1673, he was arretted for being drunk, but " releafed with admonition"; 1 June, 1675, "for being diftempered with drinke, it being foe often, and that hee hath borne feu- erall p'ticular punifhments gradually, and can not be reclaimed, it was or- dered concerning him that all that fell drinke be ftrictly ordered and prohib- ited to let him haue none"; 30 Oi5t. r 1675, for being drunk, and for reviling fome deceafed magiftrates, he was " whipt att the poft." The only coun- tervailing records concerning him — lb far as they are fuch — which I have found, are that, 5 Mar., 1651-2, he gained £3 125. in a jury trial from Richard Hawes; 15 July, 1660, he af- fixed his mark to the verdict of a coro- ner's inqueft on the death of James Peirfe ; and that, 29 Oct., 1669, a jury gave him cofts when fued by Jofeph Bartlett, for 258 lbs. of " beife delivered att his houfe." He was clearly a mif- erable, drunken, profane, quarrelfome fellow, and his life — as Church in- timates by careleffnefs (he could hardly have been drunk fo early in the morn- ing) — found fit ending. He had five children, viz: John, born 15 July, 1656; Mary, born 15 Mar., 1658 ; Benoni, born 30 Oct., 1659; Samuel, born 15 Sept., 1661 ; and William, born 13 Jan., 1662. 135 [4i ] careful as he might have been about his Stand, was kill'd by the Indians. In this Swamp skirmifh Capt. Church with his two men which always ran by his fide as his guard, met with three of the Enemy, two of which furren- dred themfelves, and the Captains guard feized them, but the other being a great ftout furly fellow, with his two locks ty'd up with red, and a great Rattle-fnake skin hanging to the back part of his head, (whom Capt. Church concluded to be Totofoii) ran from them into the Swamp Capt. Church in perfon purfued him clofe, till coming pretty near up with him, prefented his Gun between his Shoulders, but it miffing fire, the Indian perceiving it, turn'd and prefented at Capt. Church, and miffing fire alfo ; their Guns taking wet with the Fog and Dew of the Morning ; but the Indian turning fhort for another run, his foot trip'd in a fmall grape-vine, and he fell flat on his face; Capt. Church was by this time up with him, and ftruck the Muzzle of his Gun an inch and half into the back part of his head, which difpatch'd him without an- other blow. But Capt. Church looking behind him faw Totofon the Indian whom he tho't he had kill'd, come flying at him like a dragon : But this happened to be fair in fight of the guard that were fet to keep the Prifoners, who fpying Totofon, and others that were following of him, in the very feafonable juncture made a fhot upon them, and refcued their Captain; tho' he was in no fmall [Plym. Col. Rec. iii : no, 150, 173, 181, 51, 55, 66, 101, 106; v: 16, 39, 118, 169, 196, 200, 206, 207, 212, 220, 223; iv: 33, 182; vii: 57, 157; viii : 23.] 136 U* ] danger from his friends bullets, for fome of them came fo near him that he tho't he felt the wind of them. The skirmifh being over, they gathered their Prifoners to- gether, and found the number that they had killed and taken was 173 284 (the Prifoners which they took over Night included) who after the skirmifh came to them, as they were ordered. Now having no Provifions, but what they took from the Enemy, they haftened to Bridgwater, fending an exprefs before to provide for them, their Company being now very numerous. The Gentlemen of Bridgwater met Capt. Church with great expreffion of honour and thanks, and received him and his Army with all due refpecl; and kind treatment. Capt. Church drove his Prifoners that Night into Bridg- water Pound, 285 and fet his Indian Souldiers to guard them. They being well treated with Victuals and drink, they had a merry Night; and the Prifoners laugh'd as loud as the Souldiers, not being fo treated a long time before. Some of the Indians now faid to Capt. Church, Sir, You have now made Philip ready to dye, for you have made him 284 Hubbard fays Church had in his pay, and that of his company, depend- own force but " 30 Englishmen and 20 ed on the number, would fix it in his reconciled Indians," and that he took mind. and killed "about" 153 of the enemy. 285 The pound was fituated on the [Narrative, 102.] Increafe Mather fays north bank of the Town River, in what the fame [Brief Hijlory, 44], and fo does is now Weft Bridgewater, within five' his fon, Cotton. [Magnalia, ed. 1853, ro ^ s °f the river, and ten rods below u: 575-] But, in this, Church's mem- the old town bridge ; oppofite to the fite ory, and notes, are the beft authority ; formerly occupied by the office of Wil- the more efpecially as the fad: that his liam Baylies, Efq. 18 137 [■4» ] as poor, and miferable as he us^d to make the Englifh; for you have now killed or taken all his Relations. That they believed he would now foon have his head, and that this bout had almojl broke his heart. The next day Capt. Church moved and arrived with all his Prifoners fafe at Plymouth. 286 The great EngliJJi army were now at Taunton, and Maj. Talcot m [42] with the Connecticut Forces being in thefe parts of the Country, did conliderable fpoil upon the Enemy. 288 Now Capt. Church being arrived at Plymouth, received thanks from the Government for his good Service, &c. many of his Souldiers were difbanded; and he tho't to reft himfelf awhile, being much fategued and his health impared, by exceffive heats and colds, and wading thro' Rivers, &c. But it was not long 289 before he was call'd 286 Friday, 4 Auguft, 1676. 287 John Talcott (Tailecoat, Tayl- coaf) Avas fon of John (who came in the "Lion," to Cambridge, in 1632, and re- moved with Hooker to Hartford) ; was born in England ; after ferving in vari- ous offices was made chief military officer of Hartford Co., 26 June, 1672; was made Major, 7 Aug., 1673, and, 26 Nov., 1673, Commander-in-chief of all forces then raiting againft New York; 15 May, 1676, he was fimilarly appoint- ed over the troops raifed for Philip's war, and was very active and fuccefsful in his command. He died, 23 July, 16S8. He had 14 children, by Helena Wakeman and Mary Cook. [Savage's Gen. Difl. iv : 250 ; Colonial Records of 133 Con?ieflicut, ii : 183, 206, 218, 279, 443, 444. 447-55. 458-65.] 288 Maj. Talcott, with the Connecti- cut forces, after having killed and taken many of the Indians in the Narraganfett country, returned to Connecticut about 5 July. Having recruited his men a fhort time, he took his ftation at Weft- field, where he fell with great fuccefs upon Indians fleeing weftward. [Trum- bull's Hiji. Conn, i : 34S.] 289 Church's language here, and a little further on, is mifleading; as it would feem to imply a much greater lapfe of time than really took place. He returned to Plymouth from his laft Bridgewater expedition, as we have feen, on Friday, 4 Aug., 1676. As [42] upon to Rally, upon advice that fome of the Enemy were difcovered in Dartmouth woods. He took his Indians, and as many EngliJJi Volunteers as prefented, to go with him, and fcattering into fmall parcels. Mr. Jabez How- land (who was now, and often his Lieutenant and a worthy good Souldiers) 290 had the fortune to difcover and imprifon a parcel of the Enemy. In the Evening they met together at an appointed place, and by examining the Prifoners, they gain'd intelligence of Totofons haunt; 291 and being brisk in the Morning, they foon gain'd an advantage of Totofons company, tho' he himfelf with his Son of about Eight Years old made their efcape, and one old Squaw with them, to Agawom™ his own Country. But Sam Barrow^ as noted a Rogue as any among the Enemy, fell into the hands of the EngU/h, at this time. Capt. Church told him, That bccaufe of his inhumane Murders and Barbarities, the Court had allow' d him no quarter, but was to be forthwith put to Death, and therefore he was to prepare for it. Barrow reply'd, That the Sentence of Philip was killed one week from the next day, and as Church muft have been at leaft one day on the route to Pocafiet and Rhode-Ifland, only four week-days are left after the Sabbath following his return from Bridgewater, for the expedition toward Dartmouth woods. It would feem, then, that Church only laid ftill over Saturday and Sunday, — which, literally, was " not long, " — and " rallied " for Dart- mouth on Monday, 7 Aug. 290 See note 207, ante. 291 See note 282, ante. If this refers to Toivfer's neck in Rochefter, the par- ty probably did not crofs the Acufhnet River at this time. 292 See note 209, ante. 293 Sam. I?a)-row is ftated to have been Tatofoiis father (fee note 2S2, ante). I find nothing elfe concerning him, except that he appears to figure upon the Colony Records in the lift of the party deftroying Clark's Garrifon, under the name of Sanballctt. \_Plym. Col. Rec. v : 206.] *39 [4* ] Death againjl him was jufl, and that indeed he was a/Jiamed to live any longer, and dejired no more favour than to Smoke a Whiff of Tobacco before his Execution. When he had taken a few Whiffs, he faid, He was ready ; upon which one of Capt. Churches Indians funk his Hatchet into his Brains. The famous Totofon arriving at Agawom, his Son which was the laft which was left of his Family (Capt. Church having deftroyed all the reft) fell lick: The wretch reflecting upon the miferable condition he had bro't him- felf into, his heart became as a ftone within him, and he dy'd. 294 The old Squaw flung a few leaves and brufh over him, and came into Sandwich, and gave this account of his death, and offered to fhew them where fhe left his body; but never had the opportunity, for fhe immediately fell fick and dy'd alfo. Capt. Church being now at PI mouth again weary and worn, would have gone home to his Wife and Family, but the Government being Solicitous to ingage him in the Service until Philip was (lain, and promiling him fatis- faftion and redrefs for fome miftreatment that he had met with: He fixes for another Expedition; he had foon Vol- unteers enough to make up the Company he defired and Marched thro' the Woods, until he came to Pocaffet™ 29i It is prefumable that this fon of on Friday morning, at the lateft, thus eight years, who thus fell fick, died to have reached PocafTet in time to before his father; as the fquaw appa- crofs the ferry, and ride 8 miles down rently made no further mention of the ifland, while it was yet light enough him. on the afternoon of Friday, the nth, to 295 He muft have left Plymouth by "fpy" horfemen coming "at a great Thurfday night, io Aug., or very early pace," at a diftance. 140 U* ] And not feeing nor hearing of any of the Enemy, they went over the Ferry to Rhode- ■I/land, to refrefh them- felves. The Captain with about half a dozen in his com- pany took Horfe & rid about eight Miles down the I/land, to Mr. San/ords m where he had left his Wife; who no 296 See note 245, ante. Since that was in type, I have gained fome ad- ditional facls, which may be fet down here. Maj. San ford lived about half a mile fouth of (the prefent) Portfmouth line, in what is now Middletown (then New- port) ; which made his farm about "eight miles down the Ifland" from Tripp's Ferry. [MS. letter of Mr. Richard Sherman.] In 16S2, he rendered an account, amounting to £103 95. gd., to Plym- outh-Colony Court, for fervices ren- dered the wounded men of the army, after the great Narraganfett Swamp fight. (See p. 60, &c, ante.) Some items of that account are of intereft enough to warrant its infertion here, as carting light upon that portion of the war. [I copy from Plym. Col. Rec. vi : 1 18-120, fupplying conjecturally fome miffing words, and condenfing fome items.] " Peleg Sanford, Efq. his Account, appointed to be recorded, at June Court, 1682. " Rhode-Ifland, anno 1675. Gen. Jo- fiah Winflow's Debit'. £ s. d. " To treatment of 2S wound- ed men fr. — Dec. vntell y° 25 th day 4 04 o £ "To Almy for 244 lbs. of mutton 3 "To Almy, 10 yds. duffles for wounded .... 3 "To Almy, 2^ cord of wood for do 1 "To firkin of butter — 66 lbs. at 6d pr. lb. (firkin i8d) 1 " To 451 h lbs. mutton deliv- ered at the houfe of Mr. Brinton & Rob'. Carr for tenders of wounded men 5 "To 12 lb. candles & 10 lb. butter, to do houfes, . . o "To 6 bulhels Ind. Corn, to do, 1 " To 2 gall, mallaflas to do, o " To 102 lb. fait beefe & 7 lb. porke to do . . . . 1 " To i6£ cords wood, at 8s, & 4 load of wood ... 7 " To 3 qts rum to Lowell . o "To 15 lbs. flax, with 6 lb. fent to the garifon . . o " To Capt. Green, for bear for the wounded . . . o " To calh for buriall of Link- horn, Harrifs, Sumerf- bury, and one more . . 1 " To 74 lb. fugar among wounded 1 141 14 6 12 9 04 o 05 o 07 6 16 03 9 15 02 6 17 o [43 ] fooner faw him but [43] fainted with the furprize; and by that time fhe was a little revived, they fpy'd two Horfe- men coming a great pace. Capt. Church told his com- pany that thofe men (by their riding) came with Tydings. When they came up they prov'd to be Maj. Sanford and Capt. Golding ; 297 who immediately ask'd Capt. Church, What he would give to hear fome News of Philip ? He reply'd, That was what he wanted. They told him, They " To 28I gall, rum to Docftor for wounded J 03 i| "To 2 fat fheep to Doc°t. Hawkins for wounded that went in y e veffell with him o iS o "To 8 yds duffles to Serg*. Witherly, Jams Bell & other Tanton men, y' came wounded to my houfe Dec. 24 .... 2 08 o " To cafh to J. Bell to bear his charges home . . . o 04 o " To Serg'. Witherell, Jains Bell & White for diatt, lodg'g & attendance, 2 one month & 1 three weeks, at 85. per week . 4 08 o "To Left. Sauage, Doc5t. Cuttler, & their men &c. &c 15 03 o "To Docl. Hawkins diet &c about a month . . . 1 12 o " To Lieut. Vpham, fr. 24 Dec. to 14 March, & his kinfman for diet &c. at Si each, his filter alfo a confiderable p* of y 8 time q 02 o "To do. Vpham ih gall. rum, & 15 lb. mutton when he went away . . o 11 3 " To en-ate W m Brenton for hire of room fr. 24 Dec. to 17 Odt. 1676, y e day that Serjafi Witherell went out of it, at £5 pr year 4 01 'jh " To do. Witherly for fun- dryes, as p. his acct . . 3 12 11 " To damage fuftained in my beding and other houfehold ftuffe, with things peloined by in- comers, which here charge £20, att prefent, for thought the damage be far more 20 00 o £103 9 9 "Dated in New Port, on Rhode Ifland, y" 26 th day Jan. 167?." [There were credits given, amounting to £22 95. od. The balance of the lhare of Plymouth in the account was then paid.] 297 See note 93, ante. 142 [43 ] had rid hard with fome hopes of overtaking of him, and were now come on purpofe to inform Mm, That there was juflnow Ty dings from Mount-hope; An Indian came down from thence {where Philips Camp now was) on to Sand- point 298 over againfl Trips, 299 and hollowed, and made figns to be fetched over; and being fetch' d over, he reported, That he was fled from Philip, who (faid he) has kilPd my Brother jufl before I came away, for giving fome advice that dif- pleafed him. 300 And faid, he was fled for fear of meeting with the fame his Brother had met with. Told them alfo, That Philip was now in Mount-hope Neck. Capt. Church thank'd them for their good News, and faid, he hop'd by to Morrow Morning to have the Rogues head. The Horfes that he and his company came on Handing at the door, (for they had not been unfaddled) his Wife muft content her felf with a fhort vifit, when fuch game was a-head; they immediately Mounted, fet Spurs to their Horfes, and away. The two Gentlemen that bro't him the Tydings, told him, They would gladly wait upon him to 298 Sandy Point is on the Briftol fide years. [/?.-/. Col. Pec. iii : 535 ; MS. of Briftol Ferry, near where the light- letter of Mr. Richard Sherman.] houfe now ftands. \MS. letter of Mr. s0 ° " He caufed one of his Confeder- Richard Sherman.] ates to be killed for propounding an 299 Tripp's was the name then, or foon expedient of peace." [Hubbard's Nar- after (long before Church dictated, at rative, 103.] Increafe Mather fays, leaft), current for Briftol Ferry, which " One of Philips men (being diigufted was run by Abial Tripp, who lived on with him for killing an Indian who the Portfmouth fide, and who, with had propounded an expedient for peace John Burden, received the formal right with the EngliJIi) ran away from him, to the " ferry privilege " for feven years, and coming to Road-Iiland, informed 2 Aug., 1698, which was renewed, 19 that Philip was now returned again to June, 1705, "as formerly," for feven Mount-Hope, Sic." \_Brief HiJiory,\d.~\ H3 [43 ] fee the event of this Expedition. He thank'd them, and told them, he mould be as fond of their company as any Mens; and (in fhort) they went with him. And they were foon as Trips Ferry (with Capt Churches company) where the deferter was; who was a fellow of good fenfe, and told his flory handfomely: he offered Capt. Church to Pilot him to Philip, and to help to kill him, that he might revenge his Brothers death. Told him, That Philip was now upon a little fpot of Upland that was in the South end of the miery Swamp juft at the foot of the Mount, 301 which was a fpot of ground that Capt. Church was well acquainted with. By that time 302 they were got over the Ferry, and came near the ground half the Night was fpent, the Capt. commands a halt, and bringing the com- pany together, he asked Maj Sanford & Capt. Goldings advice, what method was beft to take in making the on- fet, but they declining giving any advice, telling him, That his great Experience & Succefs forbid their taking upon them to give advice. Then Capt. Church offered Capt. Golding, that he mould have the honour (if he would pleafe accept of it) to beat up Philips headquarters. He accepted the offer and had his alotted number drawn out to him, and the Pilot. Capt. Churches inftructions to him were to be very careful in his approach to the Enemy, and be fure not to fhew himfelf until by day light they 301 " Philip was furprifed and killed 802 The diftance of the fwamp in by Col. Church at a little knoll on the which Philip was concealed was not fouth-weft fide, at the foot of Mount much more than two miles from the Hope." [Feflenden's Warren, R.-I.,$o.~\ landing of the ferry on the Briftol fide. 144 [44 ] might fee and difcern their own men from the Enemy. Told him alfo, That his cuftom in the like cafes was to creep with his company on their bellies, until they came as near as they could; and that as foon as the Enemy dif- covered them they would cry out; and that was the word [44] for his Men to fire and fall on. Directed him when the Enemy mould ftart and take into the Swamp, 303 they mould purfue with fpeed, every man fhouting and making what noife they could; for he would give orders to his Ambufcade to fire on any that mould come filently. Capt. Church knowing it was Philips cuftom to be fore-moft in the flight, went down to the Swamp and gave Capt. Wil- liams of Situate 30 * the command of the right wing of the Ambufh, and placed an EngliJJi-man and an Indian to- gether behind fuch fhelters of Trees, &c. that he could find, and took care to place them at fuch diftance as none might pafs undifcovered between them, charg'd 'em to be careful of themfelves, and of hurting their friends: And to fire at any that fhould come filently thro' the Swamp: But it being fome-what further thro' the Swamp than he 313 Philip was on an upland ifland in feruill worke " on the Sabbath ; had the midft of the fwamp; of courfe when various controverfies and lawfuits, and alarmed he would run into the fwamp died 22 June, 1694, aged 70, leaving in the endeavor to efcape through it, — one of the largeft eftates at that time their habitual courfe on fuch occafions. exifting in the country; his farm having 304 John Williams (oldeft child of been laid to be the belt in the Old Col- John, of Scituate) bore arms in 1643, onj. He appears never to have mar- and was a houfeholder in 1647 ; was ried. [Deane's Scituate, 385 ; Sav- Captain in Philip's war; was Deputy age's Gen. Did. iv: 562; Ply?n. Col. from Scituate, in 1676, 16S1, and 1691; Bee. v: 99, 214; vi : 24, 61, 173, 174, was fined 405. 1 July, 1672, for " doing 19S, 202, 259.] 19 H5 [ 44 ] was aware of, he wanted men to make up his Ambufcade; having placed what men he had, he took Maj. Sanford by the hand, faid, Sir, I have fo placed them that "'tis fcarce pojjible Philip JJiould efcape them. The fame moment a Shot whiftled over their heads, and then the noife of a Gun towards Philips camp. Capt. Church at firft tho't it might be fome Gun fired by accident: but before he could fpeak, a whole Volley followed, which was earlier than he ex- pected. One of Philips gang going forth to eafe himfelf, when he had done, look'd round him, & Capt. Golding thought the Indian looked right at him (tho' probably 'twas but his conceit) fo fired at him, and upon his firing, the whole company that were with him fired upon the Enemies fhelter, before the Indians had time to rife from their fleep, and fo over-fhot them. But their fhelter was open on that fide next the Swamp, built fo on purpofe for the convenience of flight on occafion. 305 They were foon in the Swamp and Philip the foremoft, who ftarting at the firft Gun threw his Petunk 306 and Powder-horn over his 305 A kind of Jhed wigwam, in the fays (under the head of Ndkekick, i.e., New-England fenfe of that adjective, " parched meal "), " I have travelled with the open fide toward the fwamp. with neere 200 of them at once, neere 3J6 Petunk, literally, " that into which 100 miles through the woods, every fomething is put," i. e., the pouch, or man carrying a little Bafket of this at haverfack, which the Indian always his back, and fometimes in a hollow carried by way of pocket. Eliot ufes Leather Girdle about his middle, fuffi- the word (in 1 Sam. xvii : 40,) for Da- cient for a man for three or four daies. vid's " fcrip " ; and for " purfe " (in Luke With this readie provifion, and their xxii : 35), and uniformly tranflates Bow and Arrowes [this was printed in "quiver" by fietan, a word of nearly 1643, before the Indians had acquired the fame fignification. Roger Wil- the ufe of fire-arms], are they ready for liams [Key R.-I. Hift. Coll. i : 33] War, and travell at an houres warning. 146 [44] head, catch'd up his Gun, and ran as fait as he could fcamper, without any more clothes than his fmall breeches and ftockings, and ran directly upon two of Capt. Churches Ambufh; they let him come fair within fhot, and the EngliJJi mans 307 Gun miffing fire, 308 he bid the In- dian 309 fire away, and he did fo to purpofe, fent one Musket With a fpoonfull of this meale and a fpootifull of water from the Brooke, have I made many a good dinner and fupper." [Compare Schoolcraft's I?i- fortnation rcffieffi. Ind. Tribes, i : So.] 307 Baylies {Hiji. Mem. New Plym. iii : 16S] fays that this Englishman's name was Francis Cook. But the Mafs. Historical Collections [2d Series iv : 63] for 1816, (14 years before Efq. Baylies publiihed), contain a note from John Lothrop, affirming that the name of this foldier of Church was Caleb Cook. The latter Christian name is fupported by the fact, that the Colony Records fhow the exiftence, in 1676, of a Caleb Cook, then aged 25 ; while Francis, who came in the Mayflower, had been dead 13 years ; his grandfon Francis, born 5 Jan., 1663, died at lefs than two years of age ; and no other Francis appears. Caleb Cook was oldeft fon of Jacob (youngeft fon of Mayflower Francis) and Damaris, daughter of Stephen Hopkins, and was born 29 Mar., 1651 ; he ferved on a coroner's jury at Ply- mouth, 20 Oct., 1675, in the cafe of John Fallowell ; is down for a fine of £1 10s., 12 June, 16S5 1 an d ferved on a trial jury in the July Court of 16S6. He had a great grandfon, Silvanus, of Kingfton, Mafs., who held in his pof- feffion the gun with which the Indian fhot King Philip (which, according to family tradition, Cook exchanged with him for his own), and who gave the lock to one of the Lothrops, from whom John Lothrop gave it to the Cabinet of the Mafs. Historical Society, where it ftill is. Many years after, the barrel was prefented by John Cook, of Kingf- ton, to the Cabinet of the Pilgrim So- ciety in Plymouth, in which cuftody it remains. [Savage's Gen. Did. i: 446; Plym. Col. Pec. v : 1S2; vi : 196; viii : 165; Ruffell's Pilgrim Mem. 105.] 3 " 8 Hubbard adds that " the morning being wet and rainy, " — which Church's fubfequent ftatement about the fun and the dew does not confirm, — " the En- glish man's gun would not fire, the In- dian having an old Musket with a large touch-hole, it took fire the more read- ily." \_Narrative, 105.] 309 Church's testimony is conclufive as to the identity of this Indian with that one known as Alderma?i among the colonifts ; and both Hubbard and Mather aSTert the fame. I doubt, how- ever, the truth of the common averment that Alderman was the Indian whofe brother Philip had killed, and who guided Church's party to the fwamp. Neither Church, Hubbard, nor Mather fay that, — however, on a caiual reading ? H7 [ 44 ] Bullet thro' his heart, and another not above two inches from it; he fell upon his face in the Mud & Water with his Gun under him. By this time the Enemy perceived they were way laid on the eaft fide of the Swamp, tack'd fhort about. One of the Enemy who feem'd to be a great furly old fellow, hollow'd with a loud voice, & often called out, iootaJJi, iootaJJi™ Capt. Church called to his Indian the latter two might appear to fay it. A careful examination of their words ftiows that they only affert that Philip was flain by one of his own race, who had kept himfelf neutral until now; and fpeak of his killer as an Indian, rather than the Indian, to whom they had before referred. It feems to me more natural if Alderman had been his informant and guide, that Church fhould have mentioned the remarkable fact distinctly, when defcribing his agency in the death of the chieftain. Hutchinfon appears to be refponfible for the firft ftatement abfolutely identi- fying the pilot with the flayer; faying [Hift. Mafs. i : 277], " One of his own men, whom he had offended, and who had deferted to the Englifh, fhot him through the heart," which he might eafily bafe, by a mifapprehenfion, upon Hubbard and Mather. Trumbull [Hift. Conn, i : 349] repeats (probably from Hutchinfon) the ftatement: "The In- dian who had been guide to the party, fhot him through the heart." Drake, Thatcher, Fowler, Arnold, and others have followed Trumbull. Jones's letter to Gov. Leet, publifhed by Mr. Trumbull [Col. Rec. Conn, ii : 470], is probably the frelheft document bearing on the queftion ; and his language naturally implies a diftinction in his mind be- tween the guide and the killer. Hubbard [Narrative, 106] fays Alder- man was "of Sakonet." But Mather [Brief Hijl. 47] with more particular- ity adds, " the Indian who thus killed Philip, did formerly belong to the Squaw-Sachim of Pocajfet ( Weeta- moe), being known by the name of Alderman. In the beginning of the war, he came to the Governor of Ply- mouth, manifefting his defire to be at peace with the Englijh, and immedi- ately withdrew to an Ifland, not having engaged againft the EngliJJi nor for them, before this time." I find no con- firmation of this ftatement on the Court Records. 310 Iootajk is a verb in the impera- tive, 2d perfon, fingular, and means " Fight ! " Eliot would have written AycutcaJJi. He has Ay eu teak, for the plural "fight ye," (in 1 Sam. iv : 9.) Roger Williams fpells this laft [Key, chap, xxix] " Juhetteke, Fight, which is their word of incouragement which they ufe when they animate each other in warre ; for they ufe their tongues in ftead of drummes and trumpets." [R.- I. Ilijl. Coll. i : 148.] 140 [45 ] Peter 511 and ask'd him, Who that was that called fo? He anfwered, It was old Annowon Philips great Captain, 312 call- ing on his Souldiers to ftand to it and right ftoutly. Now the Enemy finding that place of the Swamp which was not Ambufh'd, many of them made their efcape in the EngliJJi Tracks. 313 The Man that had fhot down Philip, ran with all fpeed to Capt Church, and informed him of his exploit, who commanded him to be Silent about it, & let no man more know it, until they had drove the Swamp [45] clean; but when they had drove the Swamp thro' & found the Enemy had efcaped, or at leaft the moft of them; and the Sun 311 Probably Peter, fon of Awafhonks. [See note 12, ante, and p. 87.] 812 Anna-won (Annowan, Anoivoti) was one of Maffafoit's chiefs, and fo one of Philip's oldeft braves. The only record which I find of him, previous to his connection with this war, is his ap- pearance as a witnefs, in 1672, to two fales of land by Philip to William Brenton and others. His capture and fate will foon be referred to. [Drake's Book of Ind. 200.] His name fuggefts a probable deriva- tion from Nanaxvunnum, " he rules" or " has authority" (Eliot), or the verbal JVananuzvaen, " a ruler," " an overfeer." Roger Williams has Naun6uivhcant, "a nurfe" or "keeper." [7?.-/. Hift. Coll. i: 52.] The primary fignification of the verb is "to keep with care," " to take care of." 313 Hubbard fays Philip had " a few of his beft friends " with him ; and that "5 of his truftieft followers — of whom one was faid to be the Son of his chief Captain, that had fhot the firft gun at the Engliih the year before" — were kiiled. Mather fays that " he, with 7 of his men," were in this fwamp and that "5 of his men were killed with him, — one of which was his chief Captain's Son, being (as the Indians teftifie) that very Indian who lhot the firft gun at the En- gliJJi when the War began." Wm. Jones fays, — writing a fortnight after, from New Haven, and repeating the tefti- mony to him of " one James Shore, come in this week to Fairfield, in a vef- fell from Rhod Ifeland," — "Philip in labouring to efcape was fhot at ift by y e Engliih, but miffed, and then lhot downe by an Indian. All y" reft, but one more killd and one or two wound- ed, efcaping." Church's own language would feem to imply that there were more than feven men with Philip ; that more than one befides Philip was flopped ; and that many of them got away. [Narrative, 103 ; Brief llifl. 47; Col. Rcc. Conn, ii : 471.] 49 [45 ] now up, and fo the dew gone, that they could not fo eafily Track them, the whole Company met together at the place where the Enemies Night fhelter was; and then Capt. Church gave them the news of Philips death \ upon which the whole Army gave Three loud Huzza's. Capt Church ordered his body to be pull'd out of the mire on to the Upland, fo fome of Capt. Churches Indians took hold of him by his Stockings, and fome by his fmall Breeches, (being otherwife naked) and drew him thro' the Mud unto the Upland, and a doleful, great, naked, dirty beaft, he look'd like. 314 Capt. Church then faid, That forafmuch as he had catifed many an Englifh-mans body to lye unburied and rot above ground, that not one of his bones JJwuld be buried. And calling his old Indian Executioner, bid him behead and quarter him. 315 Accordingly, he came with 314 This is the plain profe comment of an obferver upon the facts as they appeared to him. Dr. Palfrey has well referred to it, in his very juft remarks on the poetic exaggeration with which mo ft of our later literature has dealt with Philip. \_HiJl. N. E. iii : 223.] 315 The idea in New England at that time feems to have been that Philip was a rebel againft King Charles 2d, and, as fuch, deferved the State punifh- ment of treafon, which, in England, until the 30th year of George 3d, was 1. To be drawn (latterly, on a hurdle, fo as to avoid the extreme torment of being dragged over the ground) to the gallows ; 2. To be hanged by the neck, and cut down alive; 3. To have the entrails cut out and burned, while the fufferer ftill lived ; 4. To be beheaded ; 5. That the body be cut into four quar- ters ; 6. That the head and quarters be at the king's difpofal. [4, Black/tone's Comm. 92.] Church's action, in the light of the public fentiment of that daj', was far from indicating an inhu- man revenge, or a cruel difpofition. It could fcarcely be expected that thefe remote and backwoods colonies were to go beyond the mother country in refinement. And it was not yet 17 years fince Parliament had voted the dijinterment of Cromwell, Ireton, and Bradfhaw, and their decaying remains had been hanged at Tyburn, and their heads ftuck on poles on the top of Weftminfter Hall fronting Palace Yard ; while nearly 20 years later than Philip's 150 [45 ] his Hatchet and flood over him, but before he ftruck he made a fmall Speech directing it to Philip', and faid, He had been a very great Alan, and had made many a man afraid of him, but fo big as he was he would now chop his Afs for him ; and fo went to work, and did as he was ordered. Philip having one very remarkable hand being much fcarr'd, occafioned by the fplitting of a Piftol in it formerly. Capt. Church gave the head and that hand 316 to death, Evelyn entered in his Diary (10 April, 1696), "The quarters of Sir Wil- liam Perkins and Sir John Friend, lately executed on the plot, with Per- kins's head, were fet up at Temple-Bar; a difmal fight." Indeed, Walpole wrote to Montague, 16 Aug., 1746, " paffed under the new heads at Temple Bar, where people make a trade of letting fpying-glaffes at a halfpenny a look"; and it is on record that Goldfmith joked Johnfon in regard to fimilar adornments of that ftrudture ; and, as late as 1 April, 1772, a news-writer fet down : " yefterday one of the rebels' heads on Temple Bar fell down. There is only one head now remaining." Thefe facts fhould have protected our fathers from Peter Oliver's malignant fneer about " orthodox vengeance." [See Diary of Sam. Pepys, ed. 1856, i : 129, 152 ; Diary of John Evelyn, ed. 1857, i' • 34°> Cunningham's Hand Book of London, 437, 542 ; Puritan Commonwealth, 145.] 316 Increafe Mather [Brief Hifl. 47] fays, "his head being cut off and car- ried away to Plymouth, his Hands were brought to Bojlon." Cotton Mather [Magnalia, ed. 1853, ii : 576] fays, " this Agag was now cut into quarters, which were then hanged up, while his head was carried in triumph to Ply- mouth." Niles [Hift. Ind. and Fr. Wars, 3 Mafs. Hifl. Coll. vi : 190] fays Philip " was cut into quarters, and hanged up in the woods, and his head carried to Plymouth." The ftory, car- ried from this country to London by the mafter of a veffel foon failing from Rhode-Ifland [Abbott's Wars of the Colonies, 131], adds, "they quartered his body, and hung it upon four trees." By collating thefe we probably get all the fa6ts. The head was placed upon a pole at Plymouth, where it is faid to have remained expofed for more than 24 years [Felt's Pedes. Hifl. N. E. ii : 638; Thacher's Plymouth, 389] ; at any rate Cotton Mather faid, in his Magna- lia (firft publilbed in 1702, 26 years after), " it was not long before the hand which now writes, upon a certain occa- fion took off the jaw from the expofed fkull of that blafphemous leviathan." [ed. 1853, i : 566.] It is hardly proba- ble that there is any truth in the tradi- 151 [45 ] Alderman, the Indian who fhot him, to fhow to fuch Gen- tlemen as would beftow gratuities upon him; and accord- ingly he got many a Peny by it. This being on the laft day of the Week, 317 the Captain with his Company returned to the Ifland, tarryed there until Tuefday; and then went off and ranged thro' all the Woods to Plymouth^ and received their Prczmium, which was Thirty Shillings per head, for the Enemies which they had killed or taken, inftead of all Wages; and Philips head went at the fame price. 319 Methinks it's fcanty reward, and poor incourage- tion mentioned by Dr. Fobes in his defcription of Raynham [i Mafs. Hijl. Coll. iii : 171], that Philip's head was " depofited for a confiderable time " in the cellar under the " Leonard houfe " in that town. 317 Saturday, 12 Auguft, 1676. 318 Leaving Rhode-Ifland on Tuefday, the 15th, Church and his company muft have "ranged thro' all the woods" two days before reaching Plymouth; for the Mathers and Niles agree that the head reached Plymouth on Thurfday, the 17th, which had been fet apart as a day of Thankfgiving for fucceffes againft the Indians, perhaps before they had heard of Philip's death. \_Brief Hijl. 47; Magnalia, ed. 1853, " : 57° > 3 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. vi : 190.] 319 Affuming Hubbard and Mather's ftatement to be true, that 5 befides Phil- ip were killed, and that there were no prifoners taken, — no mention being made of any, — the fum total of receipts for divifion would be £9. This, at 45. 6d. a piece, — ■ which Church fays was each one's fhare, — would make the number of the party exactly 40. At 45. (yd. each, their week's work would av- erage a little lefs than Jd. ^qrs. per day, befides the honor! Hoyt, ftrangely confufing this with one day of the Bridgewater expedition, fays, " 130 were killed and captured." [Antiqua- rian Refcarchcs, 140.] This would have fwelled their compenfation to an aggregate of £195 ! It may here be added, that there is, in the Cabinet of the Maffachufetts Hif- torical Society, a wooden difh, which is traditionally reprefented to have been a trophy of this expedition, and which was authenticated to the Society by the following receipt [Proceedings MaJ's. Hijl. Soc. 1863-4, 267.] : " Plymouth Sep. 14, 1803, Rec d . of Ifaac Lothrop Eight Dollars, in full for a wooden bowle, formerly belonging to that illuftrious Soldier known by the name of King Philip, fon of the celebrated indian Sachem, Maffafoiet, and was a portion of the trophy affigned to Eleazer Rich- 152 [45 ] ment; tho' it was better than what had been fome time before. For this March they received Four Shillings and Six Pence a Man, which was all the Reward they had, except the honour of killing Philip. This was in the latter end of Augujl, 1676 320 Capt. Church had been but a little while at Plymouth, before a Poft from Rehoboth came to inform the Govern- ment, that old Annawon, Philips chief Captain was with his company ranging about their Woods, & was very offenfive & pernicious to Rehoboth & SwanfeyF 1 Capt. Church was immediately fent for again, & treated with to ingage one Expedition more; he told them, Their incour- agement was fo poor he feared his Souldiers would be dull about going again : But being a hearty friend to the caufe, he Rally's again, goes to Mr. yabejli Howland his old Lieutenant, 322 and fome of his Souldiers, that us'd to go out with him; told them how the cafe was circumftanced, and that he had intelligence of old An?iawon''s walk, & haunt, and wanted hands to hunt him; they did not want ard, Great Grandfather of the Subfcrib- Eleazer Richard (or Richards or Rich- er, who made one of the party, that ardfon) as then living in New England ; terminated the exiftence of the once nor any evidence that any perfon of princely proprietor. that furname ferved under Church in bis . " Eleazer + Richard." this campaign. m " k - 320 Church fpeaks here even more Church's narrative furnilhes no evi- vaguely than he was apt to do, of the dence, either way, in regard to the gen- time of events. uinenefs of this relic. I find, however, 3 ' 21 "By their mooting at the Englifh no trace, either in Savage's fertile pages, Horles, and other cattle." [Hubbard's or the Colony Records of Plymouth, Narrative-, 107.] Maffachufetts, or Rhode-Iiland, of any 3 " See note 207, ante. 20 153 [46 ] much intreating; but told him, They would go with him, as long as there was an Indian left in the Woods. He moved 323 & ranged thro' the Woods [46] to Pocajfet. It being the latter end of the Week, he propofed to go on to Rhode-IJland and reft until Monday. But early on the Lords day Morning, 324 there came a Poft to inform the Cap- 323 He mull have left Plymouth about Wednefday or Thurfday (6th or 7th September), 1676 ? Hubbard fays he had with him " but 5 Englifhmen and 20 Indians." [Narrative, 107.] 324 The queftion of the date of this expedition is one of the moft perplexing ones in the hiftory of the time ; ftrange- ly enough, fo far as I can learn, no record of it, or of any circumftance which would exactly identify it, having a place in any of the early hiftories or cotemporaneous records. Mr. Drake, in his fecond edition of this narrative (1827, p. 142), is the firft to attempt to fettle it. He does fo on the ftrength of the fadfc that Annawon was taken on a Monday night, when the moon was mining, " not long after dark." He ftates that the moon was at the full in 1676, on Saturday, the 26 Auguft, whence he infers that Monday, 28 Au- guft, was the date of the capture (fee alfo note to Mr. Drake's ed., Mather's Brief Hi/iory, 1862, p. 1S0), which would throw back the date of the ftart- ing of the expedition from Plymouth to Wednefday or Thurfday, the 23d or 24th. Dr. Palfrey \_HiJi. N. E. iii : 206] adopts this as the true date, and Arnold \HiJi. R.-I. i: 417] ipeaks vaguely of Annawon's capture as " a few nights after the death of Philip." But John Fofter's Almanac for 1676 gives the full moon of Auguft of that year as being on " the 13 th day, at 26m. paft 6 in the morn"; while Sherman's Almanac for the fame year, ftates it as on the " 13 th day, at 25m. paft 6 in the morn." This was the Sabbath, the next day after the day of the death of Philip. Church (fee p. 152, ante) fays he ftaid at Rhode - Ifland until Tuefday, the 15th, and then "ranged thro' all the woods to Plymouth," which he could fcarcely have reached before Friday or Saturday, the iSth or 19th. Then he was " a little while at Plymouth," a phrale which might cover two or three weeks, while it would fcarcely have been ufed for a lefs time than one week (which leffer time he would more likely have ftyled "a few days"), before the " poft from Rehoboth " came with news of Annawon, and he was " fent for" and " treated with " for " one expedi- tion more " ; and began to gather fol- diers to go out again. From all this, it feems very clear that the Auguft moon muft have difappeared long be- fore he could have been ready to ftart on this expedition. If this were fo, we are thrown over into September for the true date of this expedition ; and 154 [46] tain, That early the fame Morning a Canoo with feveral Indians in it patted from Prudence IJland m to Poppafqua/Ji the probabilities of the cafe would feem to fix the capture of Annawon as being on the firft Monday evening of Septem- ber, on which the moon was fliining a few hours after dark. Fofter gives the full moon for September, 1676, as on "the 11 day, 54 m. part 6, p.m.," and Sherman gives it as on "the 11 day, 55 m. paft 6 at night." This was on Monday evening, four weeks and two days after the death of Philip. On the previous Monday evening (4 Sept.), the moon (then juft in her firft quarter) muft have fet from one to two hours before midnight, and, in the denfe for- efts furrounding Squannaconk Swamp, her (then) feeble light muft have ceafed to be available for much help to vifion at leaft an hour before her fetting; fo that (there) it would be hardly fafe to prefume on feeing by moonlight on the evening of 4 Sept., much later than 9 p.m. But it was " pretty dark " before Church arrived ; then followed the capture, the parley with all the companies, the prep- aration for the fupper, the fupper, and the meffage to the outlying Indians, and the return of the meffengers ; then Church laid down with the intention of ileeping two hours, laid a little while and grew wakeful, and roufed to look after his guard, then lay looking at the equally wakeful Annawon, "perhaps an hour"; then Annawon got up and re- tired into the thick woods " out of fight and hearing," and was gone a long time; "at length" Church heard him coming back, and then, " the moon now fhining bright," he faw him com- ing with fomething in his hands, &c. All this detail of delays makes it almoft certain that the hour of Annawon's converfe with Church muft have been well on toward midnight, at leaft; fo that it is impoffible that the date could have been that of 4 Sept. Befides, Church's expreffion, "the moon fhining bright" is moft confonant with the full moon ; fo that I am led to con- clude that the true date of this capture is that of the Monday of the September full moon, viz., 11 Sept., 1676. It is worthy of notice in this connec- tion, that Hubbard [Narrative, 106] exprefily fays that Church took Tifpa- qitin " in September," yet places his capture before that of Annawon, faying, " the next that was feized after the former (ie., Tifpaqui?i) was one called Anna-won, &c." Church himfelf, in this narrative (fee p. 175), inverts this order; but I am ftrongly inclined to believe that Hubbard was right, and that, if Church had fat down to the work of his annals at an earlier date, and before the frefhnefs of his memory had faded, he would fo have arranged them. 325 Pyudence is the ifiand in Narra- ganfett Bay, fome 7 or 8 miles in length, of irregular ihape, lying weft of the northern part of Rhode-Ifland, and, in its fouthern half, feparated from it by a channel averaging perhaps a mile and a half in width. Its Indian name was C/iibacuzvefel (C/uppacurfett) . 155 [46 ] Neck. 326 Capt. Church tho't if he could poffibly furprize them, he might probably gain fome intelligence of more game; therefore he made all poffible fpeed after them: the Ferry-boat 327 being out of the way, he made ufe of Canonicus, in 1634, gave it to John Oldham, if he would fettle on it; which he did not. In 1637, Roger Williams and John Winthrop purchafed it, and Williams gave it its prefent name. [Winthrop's Journal i : 147 ; Letter of Williams, 3 Mafs. HiJl. Coll. i : 165 ; Arnold's HiJl. R.-I. i : 105.] 326 PoppaJquaJJi (PapooJquaJ7i, Pa- pafquaJJi, PappaJ'qua) Neck is a thumb- like promontory, perhaps 2^ miles in length by an average of % in breadth, projecting from the weftern fide of the town of Briftol into the bay. Plymouth Court, 1 June 1669, granted 100 acres of it " to Mr. John Gorum, if it can be purchafed of the Indians"; and 5 July, 1669, granted the remainder to the "towne of Swanfey, for the promoting of a way of trade in this collonie." 1 July, 1672, "Mr. Conftant South- worth, Mr. James Browne, and Mr. John Gorum are appointed by the Court, to purchafe a certaine p'fell of land of the Indians, granted by the Court to the faid John Gorum, lying att Papafquafh neck." 13 July, 1677, the Court " rattified, eftablifhed, fettled, and confirmed the aforefaid 100 acres of land " to John Gorum's heirs and fucceffors for ever. It feems foon after to have paffed to Nathaniel Byfield, who is faid to have occupied nearly the whole of it as his farm for over 40 years, until his removal to Bofton in 1724. [Plym. Col. Pec. v: 20, 24,95, 241 ; Shepard's HiJl. Dis. Briftol, R.- I-, 49-] As to the name, Mr. Trumbull fays, " This name was alfo given to a tract of land now in Voluntown, Conn., in a grant of 1681, as PaupaJ'quachuke ; the uke reprefenting ohke i.e., " place." Two derivations are equally probable, and plaufible, from papajku, 'double' — which is applicable to the fouthern end of Briftol, divided by the bay, or, as it may be tranflated, ' oppofite to,' ' over againft.' Otherwife, from fohpohqujfu or pahpahk/Jias, of Eliot ; paupockfu of Roger Williams, i.e., ' the partridge.' With the addition of ohke it would be ' the partridge country,' or ' Partridge Point,' or rather ' Quail Point,' as we fhould tranflate it in Connecticut. I think the latter the more probable deri- vation ; though I do not knoiv that a quail ever flew within a dozen miles of Poppafquafh." The diftance for a canoe, acrofs from Prudence, would not be much more than \\ miles, and the croffing would be in full view from Rhode-Iiland and probably not more than 3 miles diftant from it. 32 7 The ferry to Briftol at Tripps; the fame which he croffed on his laft expedition after Philip. His object was to go up fome 4 miles through what is now the town of Briftol, and '56 [46 ] Canoo's: But by that time they had made two fraights, and had got over the Captain, and about 15 or 16 of his Indians, the Wind fprung up with fuch violence that Ca- noo's could no more pafs. 328 The Capt. feeing it was impoffible for any more of his Souldiers to come to him, he told his Indians, If they were willing to go with him, he would go to Poppafquafh, and fee if they could catch fome of thofe Enemy Indians. They were willing to go, but were forry they had no EnglifJi Souldiers; 329 fo they March'd thro' the thickets that they might not be difcovered, until they came unto the Salt Meadow, to the Northward of Briflol Town, 830 that now is. Then they heard a Gun, the Capt. look'd about, not knowing but it might be fome of his own Company in the rear; fo halting till they all came up, he found 'twas none of his own Company that fired. Now tho' he had but a few Men, was minded to fend fome of them out on a Scout. He moved it to Capt. Lightfoot m to go with three more on a Scout; he faid he was willing provided the Captains man Natha7iael (which was an Indian that they had lately taken) might be one of them, becaufe he was well acquainted with the Neck, 333 endeavor to furprife the Indians as they 331 See note 238, ante. fhould pafs out of Poppafquafh neck 332 He means here, evidently, Mount- toward the main land. Hope neck, and not Poppafquafh neck. 328 See note 175, ante. Church himfelf with his party proceed- 329 It will appear, further on, that his ed to fearch the latter for the enemy; Lieutenant and Englifh foldiers fubfe- and Lightfoot with his three compan- quently croffed and joined him next day. ions muft have fcouted off toward what 330 Probably thofe juft north-weft of are now Warren and Swanfey, in the Silver Creek. direction of Kikemuit. 157 [46] and coming lately from among them, knew how to call them. 333 The Capt. bid him choofe his three companions, and go; and if they came a-crofs any of the Enemy not to kill them if they could poflibly take them alive; that they might gain intelligence concerning Annawon. The Capt. with the reft of his company moved but a little way further toward PoppafquaJIi, before they heard another Gun, which feemed to be the fame way with the other, but further off. But they made no halt until they came unto the narrow of PoppafquaJJi Neck; 334 where Capt. Church left three men more, to watch if any mould come out of the Neck, and to inform the Scout when they returned which way he was gone. He parted the remainder of his company, half on one fide of the Neck, and the other with himfelf went on the other fide of the Neck, until they met; and meeting neither with Indians nor Canoo's returned big with expec- tations of Tydings by their Scout: But when they came back to the three men at the narrow of the Neck, they told their Captain the Scout was not returned, had heard nor feen any thing of them, this fill'd them with tho'ts what mould become of them; by that time they had fat down & waited an hour longer, it was very dark, and they defpaired of their returning to them. Some of the Indians told their Captain, They feared his new man Nathanael 333 The Indians were accuftomed to often as there was danger of its becom- have fome call — like a wolf 's howl, a ing known to their enemies. JYatkati- loon's cry, or fomething of that fort — ael, being recently captured, would know by which they could fignal each other what that fignal of his tribe now was. in the woods. This was changed as 334 Perhaps 120 rods in width. 15S [47 ] had met with his old Mount-hope friends, and was turned Rogue. They concluded to make [47] no fires that Night, (and indeed they had no great need of any) for they had no Victuals to cook, had not fo much as a morfel of Bread with them. They took up their lodging fcatter- ing, that if poffibly their Scout mould come in the Night, and whittle (which was their fign) fome or other of them might hear them. They had a very folitary, hungry Night; and as foon as the day broke 335 they drew off thro' the brum to a hill without the Neck, and looking about them they efpy'd one Indian man come running fomewhat towards them, the Captain ordered one man to ftep out of the brum and mow himfelf. Upon which the Indian ran right to him, and who mould it be but Capt. Lightfoot, to their great joy. Capt. Church ask'd him, What News ? He anfwered, Good News, they were all well and had catcICd Ten Indians, and that they guarded them all Night in one of the Flankers of the old Englifh Garrifon J 336 that their prifoners were part of Annawons company, and that they had left their Families in a Swamp above Mattapoifet Neck. 337 And as they were Marching towards the old Garrifon Lightfoot gave Capt. Church a particular account of their Exploit, viz. That prefently after they left him, they heard another Gun, which fecnt'd to be towards the Indian 335 Monday, n September, 1676. 65, ante.) He muft have thought its 336 That on the lhores of the Kike- ufe had been found at laft. mutt, about which Church had been fo 33! The neck of this name (Gardner's exercifed the year before. (See note neck) in Swanfey. 159 [47 ] burying placed & moving that way, they difcovered two of the Enemy fleeing of an Horfe. The Scout claping into the brufJi, Nathanael bid them fit down, and he would prefently call all the Indians thereabout unto him. They hid, and he went a little diflance back from them and fat up his note & howled like a Wolf \ One of the two immediately left his Horfe & came running to fee who was there ; but Nathanael howling lower and lower drew him in between thofe that lay in wait for him, who feized him ; Nathanael continuing the fame note, the other left the Horfe alfo following his mate, & met with the fame. When they caught thefe two they ex- amined them apart, and found them to agree in their Story, that there were Eight more of them come down into the Neck to get Provifwns, and had agreed to meet at the burying place that evening. Thefe two being fome of Nathanaels old ac- quaintance, he had great influence upon them, and with his inticing Story, ( telling what a brave Captain he had, how bravely he lived fince he had been with him, & how much they might better their condition by turning to him, &c.) per- 338 Concerning this, Gen. FefTenden more than one cart-load of human fays, " In regard to the location of the bones. There are now no appearances ' Old Indian burying-ground,' I have of a cemetery there. This was doubt- long fince endeavored to find the fite of lefs a burying-ground ; but whether it it. A farmer informed me that when was the burying-ground cannot be de- he was a boy, about the year 1800, the termined." [MS. letter.'} The proba- people ftraightened the direct road from bility feems urgent that this was an this place (Warren, R.-I) to Briftol ; Indian burying-place, as all which have and, on the top of a hill, about half been ufed by the white fettlers are way between the two places (2 miles doubtlefs well known. If fo, it is rea- from each), they dug through a burying- fonable to infer that it was that to which ground, and carried off for interment reference is here made. 160 [43 ] fwaded and ingaged them to be on his fide, which indeed now began to be the better Jide of the hedge. They waited but a little while before they efpy'd the refl of theirs coming up to the burying place, and Nathanaely5 •• with the -- Bejond queftion this was Caleb 164 [ 49 ] Engli/h Man then with him ") and ask'd him. What he thought of it? Who replved. Sir, I am never afraid of going any where when you are with me. Then Capu- Church asked the old Indian, if he could carry his Hone with him? | for he conveyed a Horfe thus thr with him: ) He reply" d that it was impoilible for an Hone to pais the Swamps. Therefore he lent away his new Indian Soul- dier with his Father and the Captains Hone to his Lieu- tenant, and orders for him to move to Taunt:-", with the Prifoners. to fecure them there, and to come out in the Morning in the Rehoboth Road, in which he might exoect to meet him. if he were alive and had mcceis. 1 - The Captain then asked the old fellow. If he would Pilot him unto Annawon 1 He anfwered. that he having given him his life he was obliged to ferve him. He bid him move on then; and they followed: The old man would out-travel them. \o far fometimes that they were almoft out of light: looking over his Shoulder and feeing them be- hind, he would halt. Juit as the Sun was letting, the old man made a full ftop and fat down, the company coming up alio fat down, being all weary. Capt. Church asked. What news? He anfwered. That about that time in the Evening Capt. Annawon, lent out his Scouts to fee if the Coaft were clear, and as loon as it began t: grow dark the Scouts return. And then i laid he") we may move C::k. '•■':.z :": ~ ;.rr:'.vl-.- — i:Tei re:~£: mile; :rc~ the V^^r::?' ~~ere Lieu:. the flayer of Philip. Sre note ;:~. Holland and his company were- north- c. ::-:. eafieriy u: the weft bank ::" the Title : 349 It was probably twelve or thirteen Tj.::--.:~ River to Taunton. [ 49 ] again fecurely. When it began to grow dark the old man flood up again, Capt. Church asked him, if he would take a Gun and fight for him ? He bowed very low and pray'd him not to impofe fuch a thing upon him, as to fight againft Capt. Annawon his old friend. But fayes he, I will go along with you, and be helpful to you, and will lay hands on any man that fhall offer to hurt you. It being now pretty dark they moved clofe together; anon they heard a noife, the Captain ftay'd the old man with his hand, and asked his own men what noife they thought it might be? they concluded it to be the pounding of a Mortar. The old man had given Capt. Church a defcription of the Place where Annowon now lay, and of the Difficulty of getting at him: being fenfible that they were pretty near them, with two of his Indians he creeps to the edge of the Rocks, 350 from whence he could fee their Camps; he saw 350 A continuous tradition has pre- change of years, has made the pofition ferved the identity of this fpot. It is more acceffible than of old, although an out-cropping ledge of rocks in a wet ground ftill furrounds the rock, bit of upland in the northern part of The traveller will find, perhaps So rods Squannakonk fwamp in Rehoboth. It beyond Mr. Blifs's houfe (which ftands may now be reached by the old turn- in the angle where another road crones pike from Taunton to Providence, and the pike), a tree on the left, larger than is between the houfes on that road now any near it, which bears the marks of occupied by Seneca Blifs and Noah being often ufed as a hitching-poft ; Fuller; on the left fide as you go to- with a path leading thence fouth-eafterly ward Providence, and about 6h miles into the woods. Following that path, from Taunton. This portion of the fay So paces, he will begin to afcend fwamp is owned by Nathan Pratt of the ledge which flopes up before him Taunton, who married a daughter of at an angle of perhaps 40 degrees, and Dea. Blifs, its former proprietor. The the length of which lies acrofs his way building of this road through the north- up, and apparently not far from north- ern end of the fwamp, with the natural eaft and fouth-weft. From pacing it, 166 [S°] three companies of Indians at a little diftance from each other, being eafy to be clifcovered by the light of their fires. He faw alfo the great An\^o\nawon and his company, who had formed his Camp or Kennelling-place, by falling a Tree under the fide of the great clefts of Rocks, and fit- ting a row of birch bufhes up againft it, where he himfelf, and his Son, and fome of his chiefs had taken up their lodging, and made great fires without them, and had their Pots and Kittles boiling, and Spits roafting. Their Arms alfo he difcovered, all fet together in a place fitted for the purpofe Handing up an end againft a flick lodged in two crotches, and a Mat placed over them, to keep them from the wet or dew. The old Annawons feet and his Sons head were fo near the Arms as almoft to touch them: But I judge that this ledge may average 125 feet in length by 75 feet in width, ter- minating on its fouthern and weftern fide in rugged cliffs from 30 to 40 feet in hight. The rock is a pudding-ftone, thick fet with pebbles, and has evidently felt the effect of convulfion, or other rough treatment, along its fouthern and fouth-weftern edge, which is jagged, and from which huge bowlders, now lying at its bafe, have been torn. About two- thirds of the way weft, along this fouthern face, is a deep recefs, ac- ceflible from above with difficulty by the aid of the bulhes growing in the clefts, which anfwers well to Church's defcrip- tion of the fpot in which Annawon was now encamped. The growth of trees around the rock has recently been felled ; and the firft feeling of the vifitor is one of furprife that a retreat fo ex- pofed on the fouthern fide as this now feems to be, lhould have anfwered the conditions of Annawon's camp. But, on reflection, one will fee, that, with the fwamp as it then was, the rock could be reached only from the upland ifthmus which connected it with the main land, which lay probably in the direction from which the path now ap- proaches the fpot; while the fide which now feems expofed was not only pro- tected by the furrounding water and mire, but lhut in and concealed by the old fore ft growth. From the edge of the cliff, Church could look down upon Annawon, his fon, and chiefs, almoft directly under him, and upon the three companies around their fires, fcattered alon°: its fouthern face. 167 [5o] the Rocks were fo fteep that it was impoffible to get down, but as they lowered themfelves by the bows, and the bulhes that grew in the cracks of the Rock. Capt. Church creeping back again to the old man, asked him, If there was no poffibility of getting at them fome other way? He anfwered, no, That he and all that belonged to Annawon were ordered to come that way, and none could come any other way without difficulty or danger of being mot. Capt. Church then ordered the old man and his daughter to go down fore-moft with their baskets at their backs, that when Annawon faw them with their baskets he mould not mif- truft the intreguej Capt. Church and his handful of Soul- diers crept down alfo under the fhadow of thefe two and their baskets, and the Captain himfelf crept clofe behind the old man, with his Hatchet in his hand, and ftep'd over the young mans head to the Arms, the young Annawon difcovering of him, whip'd his blanket over his head and lhrunk up in a heap: The old Capt. Amiawon ftarted up on his breech, and cryed out Howoh^ 1 and defpairing of efcape a52 throw himfelf back again, and lay iilent until Capt. Chzirch had fecured all the Arms, &c. And having fecured that company, he fent his Indian Souldiers to the 351 Hotvoh ! i.e. A-tvaun exvb ? "Who 352 Annawon probably had no idea is that?" [Roger Williams's Key. R.-I. that Church would have the boldnefs Hijl. Coll. i : 29.] or Hotvan ? "who?" thus to beard him in his den, without an e.g., How an yeuoh ivag Edom &c, abundant force furrounding and irre- " Who is this that cometh from Edom, fiftibly enclofing him on every fide; &c. ?" [Eliot, Ifaiah lxiii : 1.] This as was reprelented to be the fact to feems to have been the ufual challenge : the other companies, by his Indian fol- " Who's there?" diers. 168 [Si ] other fires & companies, giving them inftru6tions, what to do and fay. Accordingly, they went into the midft of them: When they difcovered themfelves who they were, told them that their Capt. Annawon was taken, and it would be beft for them quietly and peaceably to furrender themfelves, which would procure good quarter for them: Otherwife if they mould pretend to relift or make their ef- cape, it would be in vain, and they could expe6t no other but that Capt. Church with his great Army, who had now entrap'd them, would cut them to pieces : told them alio if they would fubmit themfelves, and deliver up all their Arms unto them, and keep every man his place until it was day; they would affure them that their Capt. Church who had been lb kind to themfelves when they furrendred to him, mould be as kind unto them. Now they being old acquaintance, and many of them Relations did much the readier give heed to what they faid, and complyed & fur- rendred up their Arms unto them, both their Guns and Hatchets, &c. and were forthwith carryed to Capt. Church. Things being fo far fettled, Capt. Church asked Annawon, What he had for Supper, for ( faid he ) I am come to Sup [51] with you. Taubut m (faid Annotuon) with a big voice; and looking about upon his Womer, bid them haften and get Capt. Church and his company fome Supper; then turned to Capt. Church and asked him, Whether he would K3 Taubut : Literally, "It is fatif- well;" Tdubot nc paumf mauntMtttt, factory, " " tres bien," e.g., Tauln'tt " I am glad they are well." [Roger faumf mmlntaman, " I am glad you are Williams R.-I. Hiji. Coll. i: 27.] 22 169 [Si ] eat Cow-beaf or Horfe-beaf, The Captain told him Cow-beaf would be moft acceptable: It was foon got ready, and pul- ling his little bag of Salt out of his Pocket, which was all the Provision he brought with him; this feafon'd his Cow- beaf fo that with it and the dry'd green-corn, which the old Squaw was pounding in the Mortar, 354 while they were Hiding down the Rocks, he made a very hearty Supper. And this pounding in the Mortar proved lucky for Capt. Churches getting down the Rocks, for when the old Squaw pounded they moved, and when fhe ceafed to turn the corn, they ceafed creeping, the noife of the Mortar prevented the Enemies hearing their creeping: and the corn being now dreffed fupplyed the want of Bread, and gave a fine relifh with the Cow-beaf. Supper being over, Capt. Church fent two of his men to inform the other companies, that he had killed Philip, and had taken their friends in Mount-hope Neck, 355 but had fpared their lives, and that he had fub- dued now all the Enemy ( he fuppofed ) excepting this company of Annawons, and now if they would be orderly and keep their places until Morning, they mould have good quarter, and that he would carry them to Taunton, where they might fee their friends again, &c. The Meffengers 854 "The mode of pounding dry times a depreffion in the face of a rock." maize, by the grain-raiting tribes, va- [Schoolcraft's Inf. reffiefling the Ind. ried confiderably. It was a fpecies Tribes iii : 466.] of work left wholly to the women, who 356 That is, thofe whom Annawon had generally exercifed their ingenuity in fent down to Poppafquafh, and the its reduction. When circumftances fa- regions beyond it, after provifions ; vored it, mortars and peftles of ftone whom Church had captured the day were employed. The mortar was fome- before. 170 [ 5i ] return'd, that the Indians yielded to his propofals. Capt. Church tho't it was now time for him to take a Nap, hav- ing had no fleep in two days and one night before: told his men that if they would let him fleep two hours, they mould fleep all the reft of the night. He lay'd himfelf down and endeavoured to fleep, but all difpofition to fleep departed from him. After he had lain a little while he looked up to fee how his Watch managed, but found them all faft a-fleep. Now Capt. Church had told Capt. Anna- wons company, as he had ordered his Indians to tell the others, that their lives mould all be fpared, excepting Capt. Atmawons, and it was not in his power to promife him his life, but he mufl carry him to his Matters at Plymouth™ and he would intreat them for his life. Now when Capt. Church found not only his own men, but all the Indians fall a-fleep Annawon only excepted, whom he perceived was as broad awake as himfelf; and fo they lay looking one upon the other perhaps an hour; Captain Church faid nothing to him, for he could not fpeak Indian, and tho't Annawon could not fpeak EngliJJi ; at length Annawon raifed himfelf up, caft off his blanket, and with no more clothes than his fmall breeches, walked a little way back from the company: Capt. Church tho't no other but that he had occafion to eafe himfelf, and fo walked to fome dif- 356 It will be remembered, that been principal Aflors in thofe Villa- Church's commiffion (fee p. 101, ante) nies." Compare the action of Ply- expreflly excepted from his power of mouth Court, 7 July, 1676 ; and alfo 4 "receiving to mercy" fuch as were November following. \_Plym. Col. Rec. "Murderous Rogues, or fuch as have v: 205; xi : 242.] 171 [5» ] tance rather than offend him with the ftink: but by and by he was gone out of fight and hearing; and then Capt. Church began to fufpect fome ill defign in him, and got all the Guns clofe to him, and crouded himfelf clofe under young Annawon, that if he fhould any where [52] get a Gun he fhould not make a fhot at him without indanger- ing his Son; lying very ftill a while waiting for the event: at length, he heard fome body coming the fame way that Annawon went. The Moon now fhining bright, he faw him at a diftance coming with fomething in his hands, and coming up to Capt. Church, he fell upon his knees before him, and offer'd him what he had bro't, and fpeak- ing in plain EnglifJi, faid, Great Captain, you have killed Philip, and conquered his Country for I believe, that I & my company are the lajl that War againjl the Englifh, fo fuppofe the War is ended by your means ; and therefore thefe things belong unto you. Then opening his pack, he pull'd out Philips belt curioufly wrought with Wompom^' being Nine 357 Wompom (plural Wompompeag) Jezvan, i.e., " fcattered," " loofe." The was the Indian name for the -white Engliih, not underftanding, or difre- beads uled as currency, or for the pay- garding, the diftindtion of colors, af- ment of tribute from tribe to tribe ; fumed the name of the cheaper and from wompi, " white." The black, or, more common wowz/ompeag as generic, more properly, the purple beads, made and called all fhell-money ivompom. from the margin of the fhell of the Dr. Palfrey fays thefe beads were a round clam (Vemes mercenaries), were quarter of an inch long, and in diameter called Jitckauhock, "dark-colored-fhell." lefs than apipe-ftem, drilled lengthwife. Thefe beads when ftrung, in bands or Gookin and Roger Williams teftify, that girdles, were called, generally, peag ; the white beads (or zvompom proper) when loofe, Jeazv/w'og (fazv/wog, Roger were rated at half the value of the Williams's Key. R.-I.HiJl. Coll. i: 131) ; black. Palfrey adds that the former by the Dutch and other traders, Jeazvan, paffed for a farthing each in tranfac- 172 [5» ] inches broad, 358 wrought with black and white Wompom, in various figures and flowers, and pictures of many birds and beafts. This when hung upon Capt. Churches moul- ders it reach'd his ancles. And another belt of Wompom he prefented him with, wrought after the former manner, which Philip was wont to put upon his head; it had two flags on the back part which hung down on his back: and another fmall belt with a Star upon the end of it, which he ufed to hang on his breaft; and they were all edg'd with red hair, which Annawon faid they got in the Muh- hogs 359 Country. Then he pulled out two horns of glazed Powder, and a red cloth Blanket: He told Capt. Churchy thefe were Philips Royalties 360 which he was wont to tions between the natives and the col- onifts ; that is, 960 to the pound fterling. A law was paired, however, in the Mai's. Colony, 2 June, 1641, to this effect : "It is ordered that vjampampcge ihall paiTe currant at 6 a penny for any fumme under £10, for debts hereafter to bee made." In Sept., 164S, the com- miffioners of the United Colonies, from the fact that the Indians and traders cheated in dealing with wampum, " fmaule & great uncomly & diforderly mingled," recommended an order that none lhould " bee payed or Refcaiued " but what is " in fom meafure ftrunge futably;" but the General Courts did not agree to it. In 1660 it was rated at 55. a fathom. [Palfrey's Hijl. N. E. i: 31; Mafs. Col. Rec. i: 329; Plym. Col. Rcc. ix: 136, 149; x: 251 ; 1 Mafs. Hijl. Coll. i : 152 ; R.-I. Hijl. Coll. i : I30-] 358 " They [feag\ were ufed for orna- ment as well as for coin, and 10,000 have been known to be wrought into a fingle war-belt four inches wide." [Palfrey's Hijl. N. E.x: 32.] "They make girdles curioufly, of one, two, three, foure and five inches thickneffe and more, of this money, which (fome- times to the value of £10 and more) they weare about their middle and as a fcarfe about their lhoulders and breafts. "Yea, the Princes make rich Caps and Aprons (or fmall breeches) of thefe Beads thus curioufly ftrung into many formes and figures : their blacke and white finely mixt together." [Roger Williams's Key. R.-I. Hijl. Coll. i: 309 Mohawk's country. 369 It is an interefting queftion what became of thefe " royalties " after they were thus pafied into the hands of 173 [ 5* ] adorn himfelf with when he fat in State. That he tho't him- felf happy that he had an opportunity to prefent them to Capt. Church, who had won them, &c. fpent the remainder of the night in difcourfe; and gave an account of what mighty fuccefs he had formerly in Wars againft many Nations of Indians, when ferved Afuhmequin^ Philips Father, &c. In the Morning 362 as foon as it was light, the Captain March'd with his Prifoners out of that Swampy Country towards Taunton, met his Lieutenant and Compa- Church. I find no note of their prefervation in Church's houfehold, nor any evidence that the tradition to which Mr. Drake refers, tracing them to the cuftody of a family in Swanfey, [Book of Ind. 239] has any foundation in fadt. It is moft reafonable to fup- pofe that Church turned them over to the Government, and evidence has juft been brought to light which indicates that moft, if not all, of the articles here referred to, were fent as prefents by the Plymouth Governor to King Charles the Second. Dr. Palfrey has depofited with the Mafs. Hiftorical Society the copy of a letter obtained by him from the State-Paper Office [Colonial Papers No. xlvi, Art. 149], from Jofias Window to the king, of date " New Plymouth, 26 June, 1677," in which the Governor craves His Majefty's acceptance " of thefe few Indian rarities, beeing the beft of our fpoyles, and the beft of the ornaments and treafure of fachem Philip the grande Rebell, the moft of them taken from him by Capt. Benja- min Church (a perfon of great loyalty and the moft fuccefsful of our com- manders) when hee was fiayne by him ; being his Crowne, his gorge, and two belts of theire owne makeing of theire golde and filver." [Mafs. Hifl. Soc. Proceedings, 1863-4, p. 481.] This de- fcription accords very well with that given by Church. The " crowne " was, doubtlefs, the belt " which Philip was wont to put upon his head"; the " gorge " [gorget, " a crefcent-fhaped plate worn round the neck by officers on duty," — Worcefler~\ may have been the " fmall belt with a Star upon the end of it, which he ufed to hang upon his breaft." 361 It has been ufual to regard Maffa- foit as a man of peace. Mr. Thatcher fays he " did not diftinguifh himself as a warrior; nor is he known to have been once engaged in any open hof- tilities, even with the inimical and powerful tribes who environed his terri- tory." [Ind. Biog.'w 140]. But this tef- timony of Annawon, as well as other evidence which might eafilybe cited, in- timates that he was much like other Indians in that refpedb 362 Tuefday, 12 September? 74 [ 5* ] ■ ■ ny, about four Miles out of Town, 363 who expreffed a great deal of joy to fee him again, and faid, 'twas more than ever he expected. They went into Taunton, were civily and kindly treated by the Inhabitants, refrefhed and refted themfelves that night. Early next Morning, 3 ' 34 the Captain took old Annawon, and half a dozen of his Indian Soul- diers, and his own man, and went to Rhode-IJland, fending the reft of his Company and his Prifoners by his Lieuten- ant to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three days upon the Ifland, he then went to Plymouth, and carryed his Wife and his two Children with him. Capt. Church had been but a little while at Plymouth, before he was informed of a parcel of Indians, that haunted the Woods between Plymouth and Sippican, that did great damage to the EngliJJi in killing their Cattel, Horfes and Swine; and the Captain was foon in purfuit of them: Went out from Plymouth the next Monday 365 in the after- noon; next Morning early 366 they difcovered a Track; the 363 Church would moft likely ftrike him from motives of kindnefs to that the old Taunton and Providence road, chief, left the Plymouth authorities then a trail, near the eaft flank of might make fhort work with him before " Great-Meadow Hill," a half-mile north his return. of the rock where he had encamped; 365 See note 314, ante. It is my im- from whence it would be nearly eight prefiion that this expedition is here mif- miles to Taunton. As he met his Lieu- placed, really belonging in the laft week tenant about halfway, they muft have of Auguft or the firft week of September, come together a little eaft of the Segre- before Annawon's capture. This Mon- ganfet River, probably not far from the day may, then, have been Monday, 28 prefent residence of G. Dean. Aug., or pofiibly the 4th September. 364 [Wednefday, 13 September?] As 3titi Church himfelf gives fmall clew his occafions led him to Rhode-Ifland, to the geography of this expedition. Church doubtlefs took Annawon with It is obvious, however, that the marau- 175 [S3 ] Captain fent two Indians on the Track to fee what they could difcover, while he and his Company followed gently after, but [53] the two Indians foon returned with Ty- dings that they had difcovered the Enemy fitting round their fires, in a thick place of brum. When they came pretty near the place, the Captain ordered every man to creep as he did; and furround them by creeping as near as they could, till they fhould be difcovered, and then to run on upon them and take them alive, if poffible, ( for their Prifoners were their pay: ) They did fo, took every one that was at the fires, not one efcaping. Upon examination they agreed in their Story, that they belonged to Tifpa- qnin^ 1 who was gone with John B?tmp, m and one more, ders of whom he was in fearch were "between Plymouth and Sippican"; and as he did not leave Plymouth until afternoon, he could not have been many miles on his way (unlefs he marched all night, which is not probable) when he difcovered their track. Hubbard fays [Narrative 107] that " the place was near Lakenhatn upon PocaJJet Neck." He was probably right in the place, and wrong in its relative pofition. Lake?i- ham was the name very early given to the meadows lying eaft of Six-mile Brook and near Wenham Pond, on the road to Nemafket, in what is now Carver; at leaft 28 miles, air-line dif- tance, from PocaJJet, yet exadtly where Church would be likelieft to be, on a fcout for Indians lurking between Ply- mouth and Sippican. It is about 6 miles from Plymouth. 367 See note 227, ante. 308 Few family names have had a more curious transformation, in the procefs of popular ufe, than that which is here attached to this Indian. Origi- nally the Huguenot Bompajfe (from Bon-pas), it became corrupted firft to Bumpajs, then to Bumpus, and finally to Bump ! Edward, who came over in the Fortune, in 1621, founded a very worthy family, which ftill holds its own in the Old Colony. Mr. Drake, in his edition of Church, fuppofes that the In- dian here referred to may have derived his name from fome affociation with members of this family. It feems to me more probable, that his genuine Indian name fo refembled theirs in found as to have become confufed with it. There was a John Wampees, who appears on the lift of " diuers Indians inhabiting att Agavjaam, Sepecan, and Wezueante, with other Places adjoyn- 176 [53 J to Agawom 369 and Sippican 3T0 to kill Horfes, and were not expected back in two or three days. This fame Tifpaquin had been a great Captain, and the Indians reported that he was fuch a great Pouwau, 371 that no bullet could enter him, &c. Capt. Church faid, He would not have him killed, for there was a War broke out in the Eafhern Part of the Country, and he would have him faved to go with them to fight the Ea/lern Indians?' 2 Agreeably he left two old Squaws of the Prifoners, and bid them tarry there until their Capt. Tifpaquin returned, and to tell him, that Church had been there, and had taken his Wife, Children, and company, and carryed them down to Plymouth ; and would fpare all their lives, and his too, if he would come down ing," who " engaged theire Fidelitie to the Gou'rment of New Plymouth, 6 July, 167 1." Bomf>aJfc and Wampees, as then popularly pronounced, could not, I think, have feemed very unlike ; and it is my impreffion that this was the fame John ; who, like Tautozen in the fame lift, proved faithlefs to the fidelity which he engaged. \_Plym. Col. Pec. v : 72.] 3K) See note 209, ante. 370 See note 210, ante. 71 Pauzvau (Potvozv). Eliot ufes this word in the form in which Church writes it, for a "witch," or "wizard," or " magician." [e.g., Exod. xxii : iS; Dan. iv : 7.] Roger Williams gives Pozvzvdzv, and defines : " thefe doe begin and order their fervice, and In- vocation of their Gods, and all the peo- ple follow, and joyne interchangeably in a laborious bodily fervice, unto 23 I fweating, efpecially of the Prieft, who fpends himfelfe in ftrange Antick Gef- tures, and Actions even unto fainting." [Key. R.-I. Hijl. Coll. i: III.] De Vries fays of the Indians at Cayenne, "Their priefts they call peoayos ; we call them forcerers." So the word muft have had a wide range, territo- rially, and a very refpecftable antiquity. Though not exactly a fimple or primi- tive word, its etymology is too obfcure to be given without a preliminary trea- tife on Indian roots. 372 Wakely (Hubbard calls him Wa- tei'ly) and his family, were murdered by the Indians at Falmouth, Me., in the fecond week of September; and other outbreaks at Saco, Scarborough, Wells, Kittery, &c, foon followed. [Hubbard's Narrative of Troubles, d~c., from Pajcataqua to Pcmmaquid, 16 ; Palfrey's Hifl N. E. iii : 207.] 77 [S3 ] to them and bring the other two that were with him, and they mould be his Souldiers, &c. Capt. Church then returned to Plymouth, leaving the old Squaws well pro- vided for, and Bisket for Tifpaquin when he returned: Telling his Souldiers, that he doubted not but he had laid a Trap that would take him. 373 Capt. Church two days af- ter went to BoJlon\ (the Commiffioners then fitting) 374 and waited upon the Honourable Governour Leverett who then lay Sick; 375 who requefted of Capt. Church to give him fome account of the War: who readily obliged his Hon- our therein, to his great Satisfaction, as he was pleafed to exprefs himfelf; taking him by the hand, and telling him, if it pleafed God he lived, he would make it a brace of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of the Majfachufetts Colony, and would endeavour the reft of the Colonies fhould do Proportionably ; 376 but he dyed within a Fort- 373 This language is to be interpreted Artillery Company, 1639, holding fuc- honorably. Church does not mean ceffively all its offices ; was freeman 13 that he had laid a trap to take the May, 1640; 27 May, 1663, he was chofen Black Sachem by a falfe promiie, as Major-General, and every year after- might feem, in the light of fubfequent wards, until he was chofen Governor, events; but that, in offering him a in 1673, which office he held until his Captaincy under him to fight the Eaft- death ; befides being feleclman, deputy, ern Indians, he had held out an induce- affiftant, &c. &c. No fact can be bet- ment fufficient to fecure his capitulation, ter eftabliibed than that he died 16 as the refult proved. March, 167S-9, or about 2 years and 5 874 The Commiffioners of the three months later than the date to which Confederate Colonies. Church would here affign his deceafe ; 375 John Leverett 'was the only fon another proof that the old warrior dic- of Elder Thomas Leverett, and was tated from a memory not always accu- born in England in 1616, and came to rate in minutiae. [See N. E. Hiji. and New England with his parents in Sept., Gen. Reg. iv : 125-32.] 1633; joined Bofton Church 14 July, 37 ' ; Gov. Leverett, on behalf of the 1639; joined the Ancient and Honorable General Court of Mafs., wrote to the 17S [53 ] night after, and fo nothing was done of that nature. The fame day 377 Tifpaquin came in and thofe that were with him, but when Capt. Church return'd from Bojlon, he found to his grief that the heads of A nnawon, Tifpaquin, &c. cut off, which were the laft of Philips friends. 378 The General Court of Plymouth then fitting 379 fent for Capt. Church who waited upon them accordingly, and received their Thanks for his good Service, which they Unanimoufly Voted, which was all that Capt. Church had for his aforefaid Ser- vice. Afterwards in the Year 1676. in the Month of Janu- ary 2 ®* Capt. Church received a Commiffion 381 from Gover- Governor of Plymouth, 17 Ocfl., 1676, in regard to fending an expedition eaft againft the hoftile Indians there, " Wherein," he fays, " wee defire & ex- pect yo r concurrance w th us, & affiftance of us w th fome Englilh, & alfo fome of your Indians, & Capt. Church, whom we haue J^oketi tvitk here, & finde him ready to Jerve God & the country ; re- queit therefore your fpeedy fending of him, &: fuch as yow fhall see meet, to afift in that defigne." \_Mafs. Col. Rec. v: 126.] I find no refponfe to this on the Plymouth Records. 877 That is, the fame day which Church refers to in his account of fet- ting his trap for Tifpaquin. 378 Hubbard fays the Plymouth au- thorities tefted Tifpaquin on his reputa- tion of being impenetrable by bullets, but " he fell down at the firft fhot." \_Narrative, 107.] The faift probably was, that the Court, having committed themfelves to the policy of extermina- tion, fo far as the ringleaders of late butcheries were concerned, did not fee fit to gratify Church by making excep- tions in thefe eminent cafes. The Home Government at London — if we may judge by the records of the times — would have been even more unyield- ing. 879 The Court met 1 Nov., 1676. 380 In the Old Style the month of January, 1676, came after, inftead of before, November and December; the year beginning with 25th March, in- ftead of 1ft January. 381 After the Annawon expedition, Church's old company feems to have difbanded ; and, from the iffue of this new commiffion to him at this time, the force of the old would feem to have expired. 179 [ 54] nour JVifi/low, to Scoure the Woods of fome of the lurking Enemy, which they were well informed were there. Which Commiffion is as follows: [54] "|3 Eing well informed that there are certain parties of our ■*— " Indian Enemies, ( remains of the People, or Allies of Philip, late Sachem of Mount-hope, oiir Mortal Enemy) that areflill lurking in the Woods near fome of our Planta- tions, that go on to diflurb the Peace of His Majeflfs Subjects in this & the Neighbotiring Colonies, by their frequent Rob- beries, and other Infolences. Capt. Benjamin Church is therefore hereby Nominated, Ordered, Commif/ioned, and Impowred to raife a Company of Volunteers, confifling of Englifh and Indians; fo ma?iy as he fliall judge neceffary to improve in the prefent Expedition, and can obtain ; And of them to take the Command, and Conduct, and to lead them forth unto fuch place or places witlmi this or the Neighbour- ing Colo?iies, as he fliall think fit, and as the Providence of God, and his Intelligence may lead him ; To Difcover, Pur- fue, Fight, Surprize, Deflroy, and Subdue our f aid Indian Enemy, or any party or parties of them, that by the Provi- dence of God they 7nay meet with ; Or them, or any of them to receive to Mercy, if he fee caufe (provided they be not Mur- derous Rogues, or fuch as have been principal Actors in thofe Vilanies. ) And for the Profecution of this defign, liberty is hereby granted to the f aid Capt. Church, and others, to Arm audfet out fuch of our friendly Indians, as he is willing to Entertain. And for of much as all thefe our Enemies that have been taken, or at any time may be taken by our Forces, 1 So [54] have by our Courts and Councils been rendred lawful Cap- tives of War, and condemned to perpetual Servitude; this Council do alfo determine and hereby declare, That all fuck Prifoners as by the blefjing of God the f aid Captain and Com- pany, or any of them, f tall take, together with their Arms, and other P hinder, f tall be their own, and to be diflributed among/l themf elves, according to fuck agreement as they may be at one with another : And itfiall be lawful, and is hereby warrantable for him and them to make Sale officii Print- ers as their perpetual Slaves ; or otherwife to retain and keep them as they think meet, ( they being fuch as the Law allows to be kept : ) Finally, the f aid Capt. Church herein improv- ing his befl judgment and difcretion, and utmojl ability, faithfully to Serve the Interefl of God, his Majejlies Intercfl, and the Interejl of the Colony ; and carefully governing his faid Compajty at home and abroad ; thefefliall be unto him full and ample Commifjion, Warrant and Difcharge. Giv- en under the Publick Seal. January 15th. 1676. Per Jofiah Winflow, GOV. Accordingly Capt. Church accompanied with feveral Gentlemen and others went out, and took divers parties of Indians ; and in one of which Parties there was a certain old man whom Capt. Church feem'd to take particular notice of, and asking him where he belonged, who told him to Swanzey ; the Captain ask'd his name, who replyed, his name was Confcience ; Confcience faid the Captain ( fmiling ) then the War is over, for that was what they 1S1 [54] were fearching for, it being much wanting ; and then returned the faid Confcience to his Port again at Swanzey, to a certain perfon the faid Indian delired to be Sold to, 382 and fo return'd home. 382 22 July, 1676, it had been ordered by the Plymouth Council of War : " Whereas it is apprehended that the p'mition of Indian men that are cap- tiues to fettle and abide within this collonie may proue prejuditiall to our cofhon peace and fafety, confidering that there hath neuer bin any lycence for fuch foe to doe, it is ordered by the councell and the authoritie thereof, that noe Indian male captiue fhall refide in this gou'ment that is aboue 14 yeers of age att the begifiing of his or theire captiuity, and if any fuch cap- tiues aboue that age are now in the gou r ment, which are not defpofed of out of this jurifdiction by the 15"" of October next, fhall forthwith be def- pofed of for the vfe of this gou'rment." [Plym. Col. Rec. v: 210.] Whether this had been repealed, or whether this old Confcience was made an exception, on account of his age, or name, I am not able to fay. 182 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Cljrnnnkgual Cabk of (frbrntz. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. 22 July 1673 10 Apr. 1674 11 i67f l675 29 Jan. 15 June 16 June 55 20 June 51 21 June 5? 22 June 55 24 June 15 28 June }5 EVENT. Page. Saconet grantees met at Plymouth, and Benj. Church with them 3 Grantees met at Duxbury, and drew lots for their shares 5 Church goes down to view his lots, and con- cludes to settle on them 3 Builds on his lot No. 19 5 F. 29 Jan. i67f Sassamon found murdered at Assaivompsett . 12 T. 1 K Tune i6b$ Awashonks has a dance, to which she invites Church. He starts for Plymouth, calling on Petananuet and Weetamoe .... 7 -I 4 W. 16 Tune ,, He arrives at Plymouth, and calls on the Governor 14 Philip allowed his Indians to plunder in Swansey 15 M. 21 Tune ,, A messenger reaches the Governor at Ply- mouth, who orders the Captains of the towns to march that day to Taunton . 16 Church leads a party of English and friend Indians, ahead of the main army, to Brown's and Myles's Garrisons .... 17 Th. 24 Tune ,, First blood, in Philip's War, shed either at Swansey or Fall River 15-19 M. 28 Tune ,, A skirmish at Miles's Bridge, in which Wil- liam Hammond was killed 24 185 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. T. w. Th. F. Th. F. S. M. 29 June -July 7J ul y 8 July 9J ul y 15 July 16 July i7J ul y 19 July 10 Dec. *675 The troops, marched into Mount-Hope Neck to Keekkamuit, by a blunder, fired upon each other, wounding Ensign Savage ; found eight English heads, and Philip's staved drums 22-24 The English begin to build a fort at Keek- kamttit 25 Captain Fuller and Church, with six files, start for Pocasset, and get over Bristol Ferry to Rhode Island 27 Get over to Pocasset in the night .... 27 Pease-field Fight 28-40 Church goes back to Rhode-Island for provi- sions 40 A fruitless expedition starts in pursuit of Weetamoe 40-42 It starts again in a sloop for Fall River, has a skirmish, and gets back 4 2- 44 Our forces go from Mount Hope Neck Fort to Rehoboth 44 To Gardner's Neck 44 To Taunton 44 They march to Pocasset, and attack Philip, 44 Philip gets away by rafts across the Taunton river, and flees to the Nipniuk Country . 44 - 47 Acushnet (Dartmouth) destroyed by the In- dians 44 Another Fort built at Pocasset 47 Remainder of the summer "improved" in nursing these Forts, while the Indians were recruiting in the Nipmuk Country and west as far as Albany 48 Church starts from Boston with Governor Winslow on an expedition against the Nar- ragansetts, and gets to Rehoboth [to Myles's Garrison?] 49 186 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. S. ii Dec. 1675 Goes down with Richard Smith the nearest way over the ferries, to Wickford, R.-L, and surprises iS of the enemy as a present to 5o-5 * & 12 Dec. ?» Massachusetts and Plymouth troops, who had " marched round the country," arrived T. 14 Dec. 11 Two forays were made ; 9 Indians killed, 12 taken, and 150 wigwams burned 5 2 W. 15 Dec. ?? Several stragglers from the main body of the 5 2 Th. 16 Dec. jj Captain Prentice with his troop of horse goes down to Pettaquatnscut, and finds that the Indians had burned Bull's Garri- son, killing 10 men and 5 women and chil- 52 F. 17 Dec. 5? The Connecticut troops arrive at the ruins of Bull's 5 2 S. iS Dec. 5? The Massachusetts and Plymouth forces march over and join them at 5 p.m. . 5 2 S. 19 Dec. 5? About 1 p.m. they reach the edge of the swamp where the Narragansett fight took 5 2 ~59 M. 20 Dec. »? Church and the other wounded men suffer terribly with the night-march to Wickford in the extreme cold. Captain Belcher "mercifully" arrives with a vessel "load- en " with provisions. 59 — Dec. V Church and other wounded carried over to Rhode-Island. Massachusetts and Plym- outh troops remained, and were re-enforced, 60-61 Th. 27 Jan. l67| Connecticut forces reached Wickford again. Whole army, 1600 strong, started for the 61 F. 28 Jan. ?1 Attacked Pumham's town in Warwick 61-64 — 1-7 Feb. }) Army returned home for want of provisions . 64 Th. 10 Feb. 66 M. 21 Feb. J5 Medfield burned 66 187 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. F. F. T. Th. F. S. W. M. T. W. Day of Month. Year. 29 Feb. ' 1 67I 8-1 1 Mar. 12 Mar. 26-28 Mar. 1 1 21 Apr, 12 May 19 May 6 June 8 June? 9 June? 10 June? 21 June 11-24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June 28 June 676 EVENT. Page. Plymouth Council of War met at Marshfield ; and Church advised the sending of 300 soldiers, one-third to be friend Indians ; but the Council demurred 66-69 Church removes his family from Duxbury to Rhode-Island 69-70 Clark's Garrison, in Plymouth, destroyed . 7 1 Rehoboth burned 66 Captain Wadsworth and his Company swal- lowed up at Sudbury 66 Church's second son, Constant, born ... 7 1 Captain Turner surprises the Indians at the great falls of the Connecticut, but is him- self killed 65 Church arrives at Plymouth, and meets the General Court 7 2 Goes back, and on his way hails the Saconet Indians 73 - 75 Church goes to Newport to get permission to go and see Aruoashonks JJ Goes across with Daniel Wilcocks to Treaty Rock, and meets Awashonks and her Indians 7&~&5 Plymouth army to be ready to start for Taunton 87 Fruitless efforts to get a vessel, and failure of Anthony Low to aid the business . . . 86-87 Peter is started from Rhode-Island for Saco- net and Plymouth, to carry Awashonks's submission 87 Army arrives at Pocasset 88 Church goes over to see Major Bradford and the army 88 Went back to go to Awashonks to inform her of the arrival of the army. Saw her, and told her what to do, and returned to the army. Peter and his two Saconet companions appear before the Court at Plymouth . . 87 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. Th. 29 June 1676 Army march to Punkateese. Church goes 89 F. 30 June 55 Awashonks with her subjects make submis- sion at Pzmkateese to Major Bradford, and are ordered to report at Sandwich in six days, where Church agrees to meet her 90 S. !J ul y 55 Army goes back to Pocasset and over to Mount Hope, missing the Indians digging T. 6 July 55 The army having got comfortably back to Miles's Garrison, Church has leave to keep his promise with the Saconets .... 91-92 93 F. 7 July? 15 He reaches Plymouth, and the same afternoon starts for Sandwich. Major Bradford's S. M. 8 July? 9 July? 10 July? 55 55 55 He finds Awashonks at Mattapoisett (Mass.), The Governor commissions him, and he marches the same night for the woods . 935 105 95-100 100 101-102 T. 11 July? 55 Captures a lot of Indians in Middleborough. An onset is made upon Taunton by the 102, 105 &. 12-23 July 16 July 1 7-22 July 55 55 55 Anthony Collymer writes to his wife . Church guards some carts to Taunton, and pursues and captures Indians through Assawompset neck, Acushnet, Ponagan- set, Mattapoisett, and Sififtican, to Ply- 103-104 104-12 1 Th. 24 July 55 Church's commission is enlarged .... 104 & 3°J ul y 55 A post from Bridgewater announces that an army of Indians is threatening to cross the Titicut to their town ; Church starts " by the beginning of the afternoon exercise," and goes to Monponset (in Halifax) that 123-125 IS9 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. Year. EVENT. Page. M. w. Th. F. F. S. T. M. T. W. 3 1 J ul y i Aug. 2 Aug. 3 Au g- 4 Au g- 7-9 Aug.? 1 1 Aug. 12 Aug. 13 Aug. 15 Aug. 1-6 Sept. ? 8 Sept. 10 Sept. 1 1 Sept. 1 2 Sept. 13 Sept. 15-20 Sep. 1676 The "brisk Bridgewater lads" attack the Indians ; and Church, scouting towards the town, hears the firing, but does not join in the pursuit Church pursues the enemy ; sees Philip ; crosses on the felled tree, and back at the wading-place ; and takes many prisoners . Pursues further to a swamp in Rehoboth . Back, with his prisoners, to Bridgewater . Back safe to Plymouth, with his captives . An expedition toward Dartmouth," and the capture of Satn J3arrozv Starts on another expedition to Pocasset, and goes over the ferry to see his wife at Major Sanford's ; hears that Philip is at Mount Hope, and hastens immediately to attack him Philip is killed Church back at Rhode-Island Starts on his return to Plymouth .... Goes out towards Agawom (in Wareham), after Tispequin Starts again for Rhode-Island after Annawon A post informs him of Indians on Poppa- squash neck (in Bristol) ; he starts and scouts after them Church takes prisoners, follows their guide, reaches Annawon! s camp in Squannakonk swamp (in Rehoboth) about dark, and captures him with all his men, &c, &c. . Takes his prisoners to Taunton, where they refresh and rest over night Taking Annawon, Church goes back to Rhode-Island, sending the rest of his com- pany and prisoners to Plymouth .... Starts for Plymouth, with his wife and chil- dren, and Annawon 124-125 126-129 129-130 I3I-I37 138 J 39 140-144 145-151 J 5 2 !5 2 175-178 J 53 154-158 t59-i73 174-175 i75 i75 190 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. Day of Week. Day of Month. M. — Nov. i5J ail - Year. 1676 167^ EVENT. Church waits on Governor Leverett in Boston The General Court of Plymouth Colony tender him a vote of thanks Church is again commissioned by Governor Winslow, and goes out, and takes " divers parties of Indians," including old Con- science of Swansey ; which ends these An- nals of the War Page. i 7 S 179 179-182 191 INDEX. t 25 INDEX. The Arabic figures refer to the page in the body of the work ; the Roman numerals to the Introductory portion. Names in italics are those of Indians. A. Abram, Zechary, 18. Acufhnet, xxi. 109, 119. Agawam in Wareham, 95, 140. Aham, 85. Akkompoin, 126. Alderman, the flayer of Philip, 40, 147-152. Alexander, or Wamfutta, brother of Philip, 12. Allen, Rev. James, 35; Samuel, 124 bis. ; Squire, 16. Almy, 31 ; Chriftopher, xxix ; Horace, 36; Job, xxiii; Capt. John, xx. 1, 6, 31, 71, 141 ; Samuel, 36. Alfop, Key, 65; Mary, 65. Ames, John, 124. Amos, Capt., 134. Andros, Sir Edmund, 50. Annatvon, xxi. 131, 149, 153, 163; cap- ture of, 163-175; date of that event difcuffed, 154, 155 ; put to death contrary to Church's with, 179. AmimpaJJi, 5. Appleton, Major Samuel, 49. Apponeganfett, 45. See " Ponegan- fett." Arnold, quoted, 17; BenedicT:, 38 ; Lion, xxx v i. ; Penelope, 3S; Rev. Samuel, 127 ; Seth, xxvii. Affawampfett, Pond and Neck, 13, 68, 107, 121, 123. Affonett Neck, 6S. AJfoivi 'tough, 106. AJuhmequn, a name of Majfafoit, 164. Atvq/konks, a female fachem, xix. xx. xxv. xxxiv. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 25, 75, 76, 80, 82, 89, 90, 96, 97, 98, 99; invited by Philip to join in war with the col- onifts, 6 ; her interview with Church, 7 ; is detached, with her fubjects, by the addrefs of Church, from the party of Philip, and fubmits to the Ply- mouth government, 80-S4, 87 ; thefe Indians prove ferviceable and faith- ful, 112, 120. See "Peter Awa- lhonks." 195 INDEX. B. Backus, quoted, 112. Bailey, Benjamin, xlvi ; Charles, ibid.; Cornelius, ibid. ; Francis, xlv. ; George, xlv. xlvi ; Guido, 124; Han- nah, xlv. xlvi. ; John, xxxv. ; Jofhua, xlii. ; Ruth, xlv. bis. xlvi ; Samuel, xlv. bis. xlvi. bis. ; Sarah, xlv. xlvi. ; Thomas xlvi. ; William, xlv. bis. xlvi. Baker, William, xvi. Barnes, John, 114; Jonathan, ibid.; Mary, ibid. Barrow, Sam., 134, 139. Bartlett, John R., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. ; Jofeph, 135; Robert, xvi. Baxter, Thomas, 43. Bayley, John, xxxii. Baylies, quoted, 147; William, 137. Beare, Richard, xix. xx. 3. Beedle, Jofeph, 3. Beers, Capt. Richard, 4S. Belcher, Andrew, 20, 59 ; Rev. Jofeph, 20. Bell, James, 142. Bendall, Freegrace, 35. Ben Pctananuett, 12. Betty AwaJIionks, 6. Billington, Jofeph, 94. Bilhop, Richard, xix. 3. Blackman, Jonathan, xxxvi. Blifs, Seneca, 166. Blood, firftrhed in Philip's War, 18, 19. Bompaffe, Edward, 176. Borden, Jefferfon, xxxii.; John, 143; Richard, xxxii.; Thomas, 1. Bradford, Major William, xx. 16, 49, 88, 89, 90, 104. Bradifh, Robin, 105. Bradftreet, Gov. Simon, 53. Brattle, Capt. Thomas, 122. Brenton, Mr., 141; Mary, 115; Wil- liam, Governor of Rhode-Ifland, 115, 142, 149. Bridgewater, 123-126. Briggs, Jeremiah, xlvi. ; Job, ibid. ; Ke- zia, ibid. ; Sarah, xlv. ; William xxxvi. Briftol, R. I., xxiv. xxvi. xxviii. 157; church formed in, xxvii. Brookfield deftroyed, 48. Brown, Jabez, 13 ; John, 13 ; James, 13 bis., 18, 156. Brownell, Jofeph, 77. Bull, Jerah, his garrifon taken, 52. Bump, John, 176. Burge, Thomas, xxx. xxxv. Burges, Efther, xxxvi. Burroughs, James, xvii. xxvii. xxxi. Butterworth, Jonathan, 13. Byfield, Nathaniel, xxiv. xxv. xxx. 156. Byram, Nicholas, 124. Capture of Annawon, 163-175; the date difcuffed, 154, 155. Carpenter, Alice, wife of Gov. Bradford, 26. Carr, Robert, 141. Cary, John, xxiv. xlii. Cafe, Anna, xxviii. ; James, ibid. Chadwick, Mary, xxxvi. Chandler, Samuel, 3. Chafe, William H., 77. Cheffawanucke [Hoglfland], xxv. Chettenden, Ifacke, 15. Chittenden, Ifaac, 106. Chowahunna, 87. Chronological Table of Events, 185-191 . Church, Benjamin, perfonal memoir of, xvii.-xxxvii. ; fummaryof his ad- ventures in " Philip's War," xix.- 196 INDEX. xxi. ; location of his houi'e, xxxii. xxxiv. II ; his death, xxxvii. ; inven- tory of his eftate, xxxviii. ; no por- trait exifts of him, xlii. ; his Epiftle " To the Reader," liii. ; his inter- view with Awafhonks, 7-11, 80-85; with Gov. Winflow, 51, 52, 93, 94; furprifes and kills Philip, 145-14S; captures Annawon, 153-175. [For his military adventures, fee Chronologi- cal Table of Events.] Church. Benjamin, " vendue mafter," ix. ; furnilhed materials for a biog- raphy of Col. Church, x.; his "Ode Heroica," x. xi. xliii. Church, Benjamin, of tory memory, ix. Church, Alice, xxxviii. xli. ; Anna, xlvi. ; Benjamin, xliv. quater. xlv. bis. xlvi. bis. xlvii. ; Betfey, xlvi. ; Caleb, xxx. ; Charles, xxxiv. xlii. xliv. xlv. xlvi. ter. ; Conftant, xxxiv. xxxvi. xlii. xliv. xlv. bis. xlvi. bis., 71; Conftantine, xlvi.; Deborah, xxxvi. ; Edward, " vendue mafter," ix. xliv. ; Elizabeth, xliv. ter. xlv. ter. xlvi. ; Francis, xlvi. ; Gamaliel, xlvi. ; George, xlvi. xlvii. ; Hannah, xliv. xlv. xlvi. xlvii. ; Jeremiah B., xlvi. ; Jofeph, xxxii. 3, 5 ; Kezia, xlvi. ; Martha, xlii. xliv. xlv. ; Mary, xliv. xlv. xlvi. ter. ; Mercy, xliv. xlvi. bis.; Nathaniel, xliv. xlv. ; Oba- diah, xlvi. ; Peter, xlvi. xlvii. ter. ; Prifcilla, xxxv. xxxvii. xliv.; Rich- ard, the original emigrant, particu- lar account of, xvi. xvii. ; Ruth, xlvi. bis. ; Sarah, xliv. bis. xlv. xlvi. ter. ; Thomas, xxxiv. xxxv. xxxvi. xlii. xliv. sexies, xlv. xlvi. bis. ; Wil- liam, xlvi. bis. xlvii. Church's Point, in Little Compton, 77. Church, Samuel, an Indian teacher, 85. Churchill, Charles, the poet, xliii. Clapp, Job, xlvi. Clark, Jeremiah, 29; Dr. John, 58; Latham, xxxii. ; Mary, 29. Clarke, J. G., 52. Clark's Garrifon at Eel River, in Ply- mouth, deftroyed, 70, 71. Coakfett, in Dartmouth, 109. Cobbit, " the fchoolmafter," xxvi. Coe, Samuel, xxxvi. Cole, Hugh, 3, 11; James, 1, 3, 135; Mary, 1. Collamer, Jacob, 104. Collamore, Elizabeth, 106; Martha, ibid. ; Mary, ibid. ; Peter, 3, 105, 106 ; Sarah, 106. Collamore's Ledge, off Scituate, 106. Collymer [Collamore], Anthony, his letter to his wife, 105. Colomore, Peter, 3. Collier, Elizabeth, xvii. 26. Commiffion of Capt. Church, 100; another, 180. Commiffioners of the United Colonies fend a ftrong force to attack the Narraganfetts, 48. Confcience of Swanzey, 181. Cook, Caleb, 147, narrowly miffed be- ing the flayer of Philip, 164; Eliza- beth, 78; Francis, 112, 147; Jacob, 147; John, 112, 147; Jofiah, xxvii. 3; Mary, 138; Silvanus, 147. Cory, Roger, xxxiii. ; Thomas, ibid. Cotton, Rev. John, of Plymouth, 101, 127, 128. Council of War, how conftituted, 14, 15; order captive Indians to be fold, 46 ; rejeift Capt. Church's advice con- cerning a vigorous profecution of the war, 68 ; afterwards adopt it, 72 ; their order requiring every man to abide in the town where he belongs, 69. Crandall, Samuel, xxx. 197 INDEX. Cranfton, John, Gov. of Rhode Ifland, 28, 115; made an M.D. by the Leg- iflature of Rhode-Ifland, 29; Samuel, Gov. of do., 29. CroJJ~ma?t, xxii. Cudworth, Capt. James, 16, 47. Cufhen [Cufhing], xxviii. Cuming, 105; John, 3. Cufhman, A. S., xlii. Culhnet [afterwards Dartmouth], 109. Cuthbert, William, xxxiv. Cuttler, Dr., 142. D. Danforth, Rev. Samuel, 85. Dartmouth deftroyed, 45. Davenport, Capt. Nathaniel, 49. 53. David, 87. Davis, Judge, quoted, 15, 52, 127. Dean, G., 175; Martha, 3. Deane, Charles, xliii. ; Rev. Samuel, quoted, 24. Deerfield burned, 48. Delano, Jonathan, 114. De la Noye [Delano], Philip, 114. Defcendants of Col. Church, xliv.- xlvii. Dexter, Franklin B. ; acknowledgment of aid from him, xiv. 113. Dodfon, Jonathan, xxxi. Doged [Doggett], John, xvii. Dotey, widow, 135. Downing, Ann, 53 ; Emanuel, ibid. Drake, Samuel G., a former editor of this Hiftory, xi, xii. ; quoted, 15, 20, 22, 98, 120, 126, 127, 131, 154, 174, 176. Dudley, Gov. Jofeph, xxxiii. Dyer, Maherfhalalhafhbaz [from Ifa, 8: 1], 114. E. Eames, Mark, 14. Earl, Ralph, 45. Earle, William, xxiv. Eafton's Narrative, quoted, 17. Eaton, Daniel, xxx. Edmunds, Andrew, 47. Edfon, Jofeph, 124; Jofiah, ibid. ; Sam- uel, ibid. Eels, John, 45; Nathaniel, ibid. ; Capt. Samuel, ibid. Eldridge, Daniel, 51 ; James, ibid. ; John, ibid.; Samuel, ibid.; Thomas, ibid. Eliot, John, the Apoftle, 8, 12, et alibi. Elizabeth Klands, 73. Enliftment, Indian manner of, 99. Fairhaven, 112, 118. Fales, Sarah, xlvii. Fall River, xxix. xxx. xxxi. xxxii. xxxiii. 2, 19, 41,42, 48. Fallowell, John, 147. "Falls Fight," 65. Faft, Proclamation for a, 15. Felix, 106. Feffenden, G. M., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. ; quoted, 15, 25, 160. Field, John, 124. Fiflier, Rev. Abiel, quoted, 18. Fleming, , xlv. Fobes, Edward, 3, 113; John, 3, 113; Mary, xxxiv. ; William, xxviii. 113; Rev. Perez, a tradition mentioned by him doubted, 152. Fogland Point, 34, 36, 71, 77. Fofter, John, his almanac for 1676 quoted, 154. 198 INDEX. Fowler, Rev. Orin, quoted, xxxii. 42, 44. French, Richard, xx. Friend, Sir John, his execution, 151. Fuller, Edward, 26; Matthew, Captain and " Surjean-Generall," 14, 26, 40, 58; Noah, 166; Samuel, 26, 67. Gardner's Neck, in Mount-Hope Bay, 19; ^Si- Gardner, Capt. Jofeph, 49, 53 ; Thomas, 53- Gallop, Samuel, xlii. Gallup, Capt. John, 49, 53. Genealogy of the defcendants of Col. Church, xliv.-xlvii. George, 6, 75, 79, So, 87. Gill, John, 20, 35. Golding, Capt. Roger, 38, 142, 144, 146. Gookin, Daniel, 20, 172. Gordon, John, 124. Gorham, Gorum, Capt. John, 49, 156. Gorton, Samuel, 13. Gould Ifland, 38, Gould, Thomas, 38. Grave-ftone of Col. Church, xxxviii. Gray, Edward, xviii. xxiii. xxiv. xxix. 106. Green, Bartholomew, printer of the original edition of this work, viii. Green, Capt., 141. Grey, Thomas, xli. Gun that killed Philip, 147. Gulhee Pond, 131. H. Hammond, Elizabeth, 20; William, ibid. Harding, Jofeph, xxvii. Harris, 141 ; Ifaac, 124. Hatfield affailed, 48. Hathaway, Arthur, xxiii. Haven, Samuel F., acknowledgment of aid from, xiii. 104. Havens, Jack, 91, 97. Hawes, Richard, 135. Hawkins, Dr., 142. Hayman, Sarah, xliv. Hayward, Haward, Capt., 124; Daniel, xxii. 3; Enfign, 124: John, 3, 124; Nathaniel, 124. Hazelton, Haftleton, Charles, 7. Head, Henry, xxxii. ; Mary, xxxiv. Hedge, Elizabeth, 114; William, ibid. Henchman, Capt. Daniel, 18, 41, 44, 47, 122. Herendean, Benjamin, 47; Mary, ibid. Hilliard, Jonathan, xxxvi. ; William, xxxii. Hinckley, Daniel, 85 ; Thomas, 78. Hog Ifland, xxv. Holmes, Mary, 16. Hopkins, Damaris, 147 ; Stephen, 147. Howard, Matthew, xxviii. Howland, Ifaac, 132, 133 ; Jabez, 94, 95. 97. J 39> *53, l61 5 J ohn > 94; John B., 11; J. M., 113. Hubbard, Ifrael, xxxi. Hubbard, William, the hiftorian, quo- ted, fajjim. Huckens, Thomas, 15. Hull, Capt. John, 35. Hunter, Capt. John, 43. Hutchinfon, Thomas, quoted, 148. Indian dance, 7, 99; drums, 24; bury- ing-place, 160. Indians, order of court concerning, xxii. ; their hoftile defigns fufpected, 199 INDEX. 5 ; the authorities flow to believe, 8 ; beginning of the war, 15 ; their bar- barities, 19; their mode of march- ing, 123; their call to each other, 158, 160; their currency [rvompom~\, 172 ; reduced to flavery, 46, 181, 182 ; their entire difappearance from Sac- onet [Little Compton], 85; Indians are employed by Capt. Church, as auxiliaries, with happy results, in the latter weeks of the war, 87, 112, 120, 129-131, 139, 143, 145, 147, 157- 162, 175. Inventory of Col. Church's eftate, xxxviii. Irifh, Content, xxxv. ; John, xxiii. xxxv. 3 bis. Ifacke, 12. J- Jack Havens, 91, 97. James, 86. Jeffery, 103. Jo/mm, 5. Johnfon, Capt. Ifaac, 43, 49, 53. Jones, William, 149. Joflen, Thomas, 133. K. Kent, Dorothy, 13. Keith, Rev. James, 127. Keekkamuit, fee Kikemuit River, 7, 23, 24, 25. Killed and wounded in the Swamp Fight, 53. Kingfley, Eldad, iS. Kingfton, 16. Lake, David, xxi. xxiv. 31, 32 ; Thomas, xxi. 32. Lakenham, 176. Lakeville, 13, 10S; fee Sampfon's Tav- ern. Latham, Williams, acknowledgment of aid from, xiii, 125. Lawton, Thomas, 1. Layton [Leighton], Thomas, 19. Leach, Samuel, 124. Lee, Rev. Mr., of Briftol, xxvii. Lenthal, Anna, 45 ; Rev. Robert, 45. Leverett, John, Gov, 178. Lightfoot, in, 118, 129, 157, 159. Lindall, Abigail, 66; James, 66; [he was of Duxbury.~] Linkhorn [Lincoln?] 141. Little Compton, xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv. xli. 1, 11, 73, 85; a church formed there, xxxiii. Little Eyes, 10, no, 118. Lothrop, Ifaac, 152; John, 147. Low, Anthony, 86 ; John, ibid. Lowell, 141. Lucas, Benoni, 135 ; John, ibid.; Mary, ibid.; Samuel, ibid.; Thomas, ibid.; William, ibid. M. Mamanuah, 4, 6. Manchefter, John, xlv. Marchant, Judge M., 52. Marfhall, Robert, 114; Capt. Samuel, 49. 53- Mafon, Capt. John, 49, 53. Majfafoit, xxv. 14; a great warrior, 174. Mattapoifett River, 96, 119. INDEX. Mattapoifett Neck [now Gardner's Neck], in Swanzey, 19, 159. Mather, Cotton, quoted, 137, 151, 152. Mather, Increafe, quoted, 64, 90, 106, 120, 125, 127, 137, 143, 148, 149, 151, 152. Matthias, 133. Merrick, William, 3. Miantunnomoh, 117. Middleborough, 13 ; fee Namafket. Miller, John, 47. Mitchel, Conftant, 113; Experience, 106, 113. Mohawks, Philip takes refuge with them, 64. Mohegans, allies of the colonifts, but unfaithful in the " Swamp Fight," 55- Mommynexvit, William, 5. Momponfet, in Halifax, xxi. 103, 124. Montaup, or Mount Hope, 7. Morton, Ephraim, 14; Nathaniel, 15, 16. Money, Capt. Samuel, 18, 49, 58, 122. Mount Hope, 2, 7, 15, 144; called Brif- tol, xxiv. Mjles, Rev. John, minifter at Swan- zey, 16, 18. N. Namafket [Middleborough], 102, 106. Namum-pam, 4, 12. Narraganfett Indians fufpecfted, 48 ; their territory, ibid. ; a ftrong force fent againft them, 49 ; this force how proportioned, ibid. ; thefe Indians totally vanquished, 53-58. Nathaniel, 157. Netops, meaning of the word, 64, 98. Newman, Rev. Noah, 47. Niles, Rev. Samuel, quoted, 19, 152. 26 : Nipmuck country, its fuppofed extent, 61. Nokehick, parched meal, 146. Nomquid, xxxi. 90. Northfield attacked, 48. Numpas, or NompaJJi, 12, 77. Numpouce, 5. Nunkateft Pond, 131. O. Occape, occapeeches, Indian name for rum, 81. " Ode Heroica," x. Oliver, Capt. James, 49, 53, 55, 59. Oliver, Peter, his malignity, 151. Order of court concerning Indians, xxii. Ofomchexv, 5. Oxenbridge, Rev. John, 35. Pabodie, William, xvii. xviii. xxi. xxiii. xxiv. xxv. xxvii. xxx. xli. 3, 4. Pachet Brook, 2, 4, 11. Packard, John, 124, bis. Pacujlchcjl, 5. Paine, Hannah, xlv. ; Nathaniel, xlii. 11. Palfrey, John G., dedication to him, v. ; quoted, 17, 150, 154, 172, 173. Palmer, John, xxxi. PamontaquaJJi, 106. Panoquin, 11 'J. Parfons, Uflier, quoted, 2, 19, 24. Pafcamanfet River, 109, 112. " Peafe-field Fight," 33-40, 82. Peck, Nathaniel, 86. Peckham, George H., xxxiv. ; James, xxviii. Peirfe, James, 135. INDE X. Pequot, the word explained, S3. Perkins, Sir William, his execution, Petananuet, 11, 77- Peter AzvaJJionks, xx. 6, 77, 87, 149. Peter Nuunuit, 11, 77- Petonozvozvet, II. Pettaquamfcut, 52. Petuxet River, 47. Philip, xix. xx. xxi. 5, 7, 9, et fajfim ; his death, 147 ; treatment of his dead body, 150; his " royalties," or rega- lia, furrendered by Annawon to Capt. Church; what became of them? 173, 174. Pierce, Capt. Michael, 67, 70. Pinfon, Thomas, 4. Plymouth, orders of court, xxii. 2 ; the Court proclaim a faft, 15; Court order refpecting prifoners, 101. Plummer, Mary, 114. Pocaffet [Tiverton], xx. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxiv. xli. 11, 12, 41, 43, 47, 89, 140. Pokanokett, 15. Poneganlet, 45, 109. Pope, Thomas, 4. Poppafqualh Neck, in Briftol, xxv. xxx. 156, 158. Pofotoquo, 5. Potock, 59. Pouwau, Powow, an Indian conjurer, 177. Powder-mill, firft in New England, 35. Pratt, Nathan, 166; Stillman, 125. Prentice, Capt. Thomas, 18, 20. 49. 52. Preflong, Nicolas, 4. Price, John, 4. Prince, Gov. Thomas, 6; dies, 10. Prince, Thomas, the annalift, quoted, 30. Proportion of men and money required from each town in Plymouth Colony, 68. Proprietors of Saconet, their names, 3; their agreement, 4. Providence burned, 72. Prudence Ifland, 155. Pumham, 50, 61, 117. Punkateaft, Punkateefet, Punkatees, a neck in Tiverton, alio called Pocaffet Neck, xviii. xix. xxi. xxiii. xxvii. xxxi. 3, 31. 34, 36, 82. Punkatees Fight, 33-40. Quaboag [Brookfield] deftroyed, 40. Quannapohut, James, 18. Quannajbohut, Thomas, 18. Quequechan River, now Fall River, 2, 42. Quinnapin, Qiinnafii??, 117, 127, 128. Qitiquequanchett, 12. R. Rawfon, Rev. Grindal, 85. Rattlefnakes, 30. Reformado, Church was one ; meaning of the term, 49. Revere, Paul, xi. xii. ; his portraits of Church, and of Philip, xi. Reyner, Rev. John, 112. Reynolds, Mary, xlvi. Rhode-Ifland, why excluded from the Confederacy. 17. Richard, Eleazar, 153. Richards, Alice, 16. Richmond, Anna, xlvi. ; Benjamin, ibid. ; Charles, ibid. ; Elizabeth, ibid. ; Hannah, ibid. ; John, xxiii. 4, 77; Mary, xlvi. bis.; Perez, ibid.; Ruth, ibid. ; Sarah, ibid. ; Sjlvefter, ibid.; Thomas, ibid.; William, ibid., bis. INDE X. Robinfon, Rowland, xxvi. Rochefter, 13. Rogers, John, xviii. 3. Rofbotham, Alice, xlv. ; Benjamin, xlv ; Elizabeth, xxxvi. xlv. ; Hannah, xlv. ; Joieph, xxxiii. xxxv. xlv. Ronfe, John, xxvii. xxxiv. 3 bis. ; Si- mon, 3. Rowlandfon, Mrs. Mary, 117. Ruffell, John, 45. S. Sabin, Sabine, Benjamin, 93 ; Jona- than, ibid. ; Jofeph, ibid. ; Samuel, ibid. ; William, ibid. Sachueefet, or Sachueft, on Rhode- Ifland, 89. Saconet, or Sauconet [Little Compton], xviii. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxv. xxvii. xxxii. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 73, 89. Saffin, John, xxv. Sam Barrow, 134, 139. Samplbn, Abraham, 3 ; Elizabeth, xlii. xlv. ; John, xxxvi. xlii. xlv. ter. Sampibn's Tavern, now the Lakeville Houfe, 108. Sanderfon, Robert, 35. Sandy Point, 143. Sanford, John, 115; Major Peleg, xxi. 88, 115, 141, 142, 144, 146; Samuel, xxviii. Sajfamon, Saujamau, John, 5, 6, 12, 106 ; reveals Philip's defigns, and is murdered by him, 12. Savage, Lieut. Perez, wounded, 23 ; again wounded in the " Swamp Fight," 23, 142 ; death, 23 ; Thomas, Major, 23, 65. Schaghticoke, 64. Schoolcraft, Henry R., quoted, 99, 170. Sconticut Neck, 117. Seconit, or Sekonit; see Saconet. Seekonk burned, 72. Seely, Capt. Robert, 49, 53. Shaw, William, xxxv. Shawomet [Warwick], 50. Sheffield, Amos, xxxv. Shepard, Rev. Thomas, quoted, xxvii. xxviii. Sherman's Almanac for 1676, quoted, 154- Sherman, Richard, of Portfmouth, R. I., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. 71, 141, 143; William, 3, 22. Shirtlife, Shurtleff, William, 4. Shore, James, 149. Sibley, John Langdon, acknowledg- ment of aid from him, xiii. Simons, Thomas, 4. Sippican, xxi. 95. Slavery of Indians, 46, 181, 182. Smalley, John, 3. Smith, Major Richard, 49. Snell, Mary, xxxvi. ; Samuel, ibid. Sogkdnate ; fee Saconet. S o/ic katva kkam, 85. Southwick, Solomon, publisher of the fecond edition of this tract, ix. xliii. Southworth, Alice, xvii. xliv. B. [?], 35 ; Conftant, xvii. xviii. xxxiii. 3, 4> 2 5> 93> 156; Edward, xxxiv. 25, 35; Elizabeth, 113; Nathaniel, 35, 95 ; William, xxvii. 35. SowagoniJ/i, 117. Sowams [Warren], 7. Sprague, Francis, 45. Springfield attacked, 48. Squakeag [Northfield] affaulted, 4S. Squannakonk Swamp, in Rehoboth, 131, 161, 162, 166. Standifh, Miles, 16. 26. Stanton, John, 29. Staples, William R., acknowledgment of aid from him, xiii. 46, 71. 203 INDEX. Stiles, Rev. Ezra, quoted, ix. xxxvii. 13, 52, 60. Studfon [Stetfon], Robert, 15. Sturgis, Edward, 43. Succanotvaffacke, 8j. Suckqua, 5. Sudbury Fight, 66. Sumerfbury, 141. "Swamp Fight," Great, 53-58; its lo- cation, 52 ; the Indian fort defcribed, 53 ; number of killed and wounded, ibid. ; feven colonial captains killed, ibid. ; Church, though not an officer, has command of thirty men, ibid.; he is wounded, 56 ; the Englilh, be- ing in poffeffion of the fort, fet fire to the wigwams in it, though Church remonftrates, 57, 58 ; fevere fuffer- ing of the wounded and djdng men, 59 ; great lofs of the Indians, ibid. ; Church and other Avounded men are fent to Rhode-Ifland, 60; the troops remain in garrifon at Wickford, 61. Swanfey, 11, 13, 15, 16. Taber, George H., acknowledgment of aid from, xiii, 113. Taber, Jofeph, xxxi. Tailer, Peter, xxviii. Takanumma, 129. Talcot, Major John, 122, 138. Tatacomuncah. 4. Tatamanucke, xxiii. Taunton, 16, 44; attacked, 105. Tantozen, 177. Tax laid on the feveral towns of Ply- mouth Colony, 68. Taylor, Peter, xxxvi. Taylor's Lane, 4. Thacher, Anthony, 94; Bethia, ibid. Thomas, Nathaniel, xxi. xxiii. xxiv. xxx. 4. Thompfon, Cephas, 128. Tibbets, Thomas, xxxvii. Tift, Jofhua, 55, 59. Timberlake, Hannah, xliv. Tinkham, Ephraim, 4. Tifpaquin, Tufpaquine, xviii. xxi. 106, 134, 176, 177, 179. Titicut, xx. 123. Tiverton, xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xli. 11, 14. Tobias, 107. Toby, 91. Tokkamona, 129. Tompkins, Henry M., acknowledgment of aid from, xiii. Tompkins, Samuel, xxxv. Tompfon, John, xvi. xviii. 106, 107. Totqfon, Tatofon, 134, 136, 139, 140. Tower Hill, in South Kingftown, 52. Treat, Major Robert, 49. Treaty Rock, in Little Compton, 77. Tripp, Abiel, his ferry, 27, 143. Trumbull, Dr. Benjamin, quoted, 148. Trumbull, J. Hammond, acknowledg- ment of aid from, xiv. ; quoted, 2, 7, 13, 19, 24, 42, 9 S, 156. Tubbs, William, 3. Turner, Thomas, xxxvi. ; Capt. Wil- liam, 65. Titjpaquin ; fee Tifpaquin. Tyajks, TiaJ/iq, 120. U, V. Uncompozvett, Utikompoin, 126. Upham, Lieut. Phinehas, wounded, 142. Vaughan, Eliza, 132; George, ibid. Vicory, George, 3. 204 INDEX. W. Wade, Nicolas, 3. Wadfworth, Benjamin, 66; Chrifto- pher, ibid. ; Capt. Samuel, killed in the fight at Sudbury, ibid. Wakely, Thomas, killed at Falmouth, 177. Wakeman, Helena, 139. Walker, James, 15. Wallej, John, xxv. xxvi. ; Rev. Thom- as, 101. Wamfiocs, John, 176. Wamfutta, xxv. 4, 12 ; fee Alexander. Ward, Richard, xxxvi. Warren, Elizabeth, xvi. ; Mercy, 114; Nathaniel, 114; Richard, xvi. 112.; Sarah, 112. Warren, town of, 13, 15. Warwick burned, 72. Waihburn, John, 3, 124; Samuel, 124; Thomas, ibid. Watts, Capt., 49. Watufpaqnin, 106; fee Tifpaquin. Wayetvett, hufband of AivaJJionks, xxv. 6. Weetamoe, Wcetamore, Squaw Sachem of Pocaffet, xix. 4, 12, 41, 42, 43. Wepoifet, 91. Wexvayexvitt, 6 ; fee Wayetvett. White, 142. Whitman, John, 124. Whitmore, Rev. Benjamin, 70. Wilbor, Aaron, xlv. bis. ; Abigail, xxxvi. ; Benjamin, xlv. ; Francis, ibid. ; Gray, 76 ; John, xlv. bis. ; Sarah, ibid.; Thomas, ibid.; Wil- liam, xxxvi. bis. xlv. Wilcox, Wilcockes, Daniel, xviii. xxxiii. 3, 77. 73. Willett, Hezekiah, xxii. Williams, John, 145 ; Roger, 46, 156 ; Thomas, 3. Williams, Roger, quoted, 24, 48, 55, 59, 146, 148, 172, 173, 177. Willis, Comfort, 124; John, ibid. Windmill Hill, 11. Windmills on Rhode-Ifland, 42. Winneconnet Pond, 131. Winflow, Gov. Jofiah, xvii. xx. 3, 10, 15, 49, 50, 61, 93, 100, 106, 141, 174; fends a force to Swanfey, 15 ; his two commiffions to Capt. Church, 100, 180. Winflow, Kenelm, brother to Jofiah, xvii. Winthrop, Gov. John, xvi. 156. Wifwall, 16. Witherell, Witherly, Sergeant, 142. Wodel [Woodhull ?] Gerfhom, xxxi ; William, xxviii. xxx. Wompom, the Indian currency, ex- plained, 172. Wood, Elizabeth, xxxvii. ; Hannah, xxxvi. ; Henry, xxxiv. 106 ; John, xli. Wood's Hole, xx. Woodberry, Hugh, xxxi. Woodbury, Samuel, xlv. Woodman, Edith, xliv. ; John, xxxiii. xliv. Woodworth, Benjamin, xxxi. ; Walter, 4- Woonkcfonchunt, 126. Woofamequin, or Majfajoit, 164. Wootonekcnujke, 117, 127. Wordell, Mary, 78. Wright, Richard, xxiii. 205 4 7 m 54