C&e Lifrrarp Ott\)t tiZntomitp of jl3ott& Carolina Cn&otort 6? tC&e ^Dialectic anS j^ilantfttgafc feocfrtfog UNIVERSITY OF N ORTH PAPn. i na BOOK CARD Please keep this card in book pocket I 9 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA ENDOWE: > BY THE DIALECTIC AND 'HILANTHROPIC SOCI1 TIES F25^ .H67 v. 5 This book is due at the LOUIS R. WILSON LIBRARY on the last date stamped under "Date Due." If not on hold it may be renewed by bringing it to the library. RKT. 1 PEC jjp jj APR ■ r APR II 6 £ DATE DIE RET. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/historyofnorthca05 HISTORY OK NORTH CAROLINA VOLUME V NORTH CAROLINA BIOGRAPHY BY SPECIAL STAFF OF WRITERS .HC7 ( ILLUSTRATED THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 1919 Copyright, 1919 BY THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1 in ^ 806441 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Fries Family. Fries is a family name in Western North Carolina, and it has specially prominent associations in and around Winston- Salem. The following brief genealogy is pre- sented for reference in connection with sketches of individuals of the family published herewith. I. Sigismund Eberhard von Fries, colonel, and commandant of Hoechst am Main, married Ju- liana Anna, Lady Hamilton, a Scotch woman. Their son II. Heinrich Sigismund von Fries, gentleman of the Bed-Chamber in Hesse-Homberg, and lieuten- ant in the Army of the Emperor, fell in battle October, 1683. His widow (a daughter of Philipp Moritz von Erckebrecht, warden of the Court of Hanau), bore a son five months after the death of her husband. This son III. Johann Konrad von Fries was born at Frankfort am Main March, 1684, and died Janu- ary 3, 1763. His mother lost the greater part of her fortune through a second marriage, and Kon- rad was apprenticed to an apothecary in Eriurt, who required him to renounce his rank. As Konrad Fries he later settled at Montbeliard (or Moempelgard), France, where he continued as an apothecary and also became burgomaster. He married (1) Catharine Duvernoy, their son, George Conrad, having many descendants; married (2) on January 22, 1715, Judith Scharfenstein, who died in February, 1747, leaving three children. The youngest son IV. Peter Konrad Fries was born at Montbe- liard, November 3, 1720. Took the degree Doc- tor of Philosophy at Strassburg. Served as pas- tor at various places (Lutheran) until 1758, when he joined the Unitas Fratrum or Moravian Church. November 30, 1763, he married Christine Jaesehke (born August 17, 1738, at Herrnhut, died there November 22, 1798), daughter of Michael Jaesehke (born September 27, 1701, at Sehlen, Moravia, died September 16, 1772, at Herrnhut), a de- scendant of members of the Ancient Unitas Fra- trum and himself one of the company that to secure religious liberty emigrated from Moravia to Saxony in 1722, and settled on the estates of Count Zinzendorf, where the Unitas Fratrum was renewed in 1727. Peter Konrad Fries was a man of marked ability and held many important positions in the Moravian Church, finally becom- ing a member of its governing board, the Unity 's Elders' Conference. He died at Barby, September 12, 1783, and was buried in the graveyard at Herrnhut. He left two sons, Jakob Friedrich, who became an eminent Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of Mathematics and Logic at the Uni- versity of Jena, and the author of numerous books and pamphlets; and V. Johann Christian W'lhelm Fries, born at Barby, November 22, 1775. Was educated at Niesky, and became a cabinet maker. Emigrated to America in 1809, reaching Salem, North Caro- lina, October 31st. On October 13, 1811, he mar- ried Johanna Elisabeth Nissen, who was born March 15, 1787, and died January 21, 1864. She was the daughter of Tycho (or Toego) Nissen (born March 14, 1732, in Gestrop, Holstein), who came to America in 1770, settling among the Moravians in North Carolina. He married Salome Meuer (born January 20, 1750, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and died May 4, 1821, in Salem), daughter of Philipp Meuer, born March 25, 1708, in Ingweiler, Alsatia, and died April 15, 1759, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Philipp Meuer 's wife, whose name was Kraft, died March 17, 1756. Tycho Nissen was pastor at Friedland, North Carolina, from 1775 to 1780. He died in Salem, February 20, 1798. Johann Christian Wilhelm Fries bought a house on Main Street, Salem, and was superintendent of the Brothers' House carpenter shop. Later he bought a farm on the edge of town and moved there and died January 26, 1866. He had three children: Carolina Amanda, born June 16, 1817, married Edward Belo, had seven children, and died February 14, 1881 ; Henry William, born March 5, 1825, died November 4, 1902; while the eldest was VI. Francis Levin Fries, who was born Octo- ber 17, 1812, in Salem, North Carolina. On May 24, 1838, he married Lisetta Maria Vogler, who was born March 3, 1820, and died October 23, 1903. He was one of the pioneer manufacturers of North Carolina and a leader in the affairs of town, county and state. He died August 1, 1863, leaving seven children: VII. Carrie Fries, born October 8, 1839, mar- ried Dr. John Francis Shaffner, who was born July 14, 1838, died September 18, 1908, and had five children. Mary Elisabeth Fries, born August 31, 1844, married Eufus Lenior Patterson, who was born June 22, 1830, and died July 15, 1879, and they had six sons. John William Fries, born November 7, 1846, married Agnes Sonhia de Schwe ; n ; tz, who was born August 12, 1849, and died February 2, 1915, and they had two daugh- ters. Emma Christina Fries, born June 25, 1852, married Dr. Henry T. Bahnson, who was born March 4, 1845, died January 16, 1917, and they had six children. Francis Henry Fr : es, born Feb- ruary 1, 1855, married (1) Letitia Patterson, who was born January 22, 1860, and died May 28, 1884, their only daughter dying in infancy; and married (2) Anna Paulina de Schweinitz, who was born October 28, 1860, and is the mother of one daughter. Henry Elias Fries, born Septem- ber 22. 1857, married Rosa Mickey, born May 24, 1860, their only daughter, Anna Marguerite, died at the age of twenty-three years. Louisa Sarah HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Fries, born December 8, 1859, married Rev. "Walter William Moore, born June 14, 1857, and had four children. Francis Levin Peies, mentioned in the gen- ealogy of the Fries family, was one of the real founders of the modern City of Winston-Salem, and a pioneer manufacturer and civic leader there. As such his career deserves some special atten- tion. He was born at Salem, October 17, 1812, a son of John Christian and Johanna Elisabeth (Nis- sen) Fries. For his higher education he entered Nazareth Hall in Pennsylvania, and after the completion of his course taught school. He stu- died law under the prominent attorney, Emanuel Shober, and was admitted to the bar and began practice at Salem. His real life work, however, was not in the law. Soon after beginning prac- tice he was appointed agent for the newly organ- ized Salem Manufacturing Company. In that ca- pacity he visited cotton mills in various north- ern cities, studied their business methods and acquired a thorough understanding of ihe machin- ery involved in cotton manufacture. Then in 1836 he superintended the erection of and in- stallation of the machinery in the first cotton fac- tory in what is now the City of Winston-Salem. In 1839 Mr. Fries severed his connection with the Salem Manufacturing Company, and erected a wool mill of his own. In 1846 his brother, Henry, be- came associated with him, making the firm which for so many years operated in Winston-Salem, under the name of F. and H. Fries. - Mr. Pries continued in active business until his death on August 1, 1863. The energies of his character were not ex- pressed alone in business activity. When Forsyth County was erected he was appointed by the Leg- islature one of the commissioners to select a site for the courthouse and to purchase land and have it surveyed and sold into lots. Thus he arranged for the purchase of 51% acres at $5 an acre. This land included what is now the heart of the business section of Winston-Salem as well as the courthouse site. For several years he served as chairman of the Court of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions, was also a justice of the peace, and one of the first board of commissioners when in 1856 Salem was incorporated. Later he was mayor of the city. He was a strong advocate and liberal supporter of higher education. Thus he became identified with the Salem Female Acad- emy and College. He carefully planned and made the drawings and specifications for the main hall of that institution, which even today is a much admired piece of architecture. The hall was built in 1856. Before the railroad era and when transporta- tion was by wagons and teams, he became a pro- moter of the plank road from Fayetteville west- ward. He was also a promoter of and a stock- holder and director in the North Carolina Rail- road. In 1857 he represented his county in the Legislature. Mr. Fries for a number of years was a trustee of the Moravian Church at Salem. On May 24, 1838, he married Lisetta Maria Vogler, who was born March 3, 1820, and died October 23, 1903. She was a daughter of John and Christina (Spach) "Vogler. Christina Spach was born August 17, 1792, a daughter of Gott- lieb and Elizabeth (Hege) Spach and a grand- daughter of Adam and Martha Elizabeth (Gue- ter) Spach. Elizabeth Hege was the daughter of Balthaser and Juliana (Frye) Hege. Francis L. Fries and wife were the parents of seven chil- dren, as mentioned in the Fries family sketch. John William Fries, the oldest son of the late Francis L. Fries, was for many years actively identified with the cotton mill industry of North Carolina and has filled with distinction many other posts in commercial and civic affairs. He was born at Salem November 7, 1846. He was educated under private tutors, and in the Salem Boys School, and in 1861 at the age of fifteen entered the offices of F. and H. Fries, under his father and uncle, and was with that cot- ton mill firm until 1866, throughout the period of the war. He then continued his higher education in the University of North Carolina until 1868. Returning to the mills he was one of their man- aging officials for a great many years, and ac- quired a highly technical knowledge of the cotton industry. Mr. Fries has invented and patented several machines which are now in general use. Mr. Pries served as director of the Pries Man- ufacturing and Power Company, and of the North Carolina Midland Railroad Company, of the Wachovia Loan and Trust Company, was formerly president of the Arista Mills and now a director and is president of the Fealty Building and Loan Association. Since 1912 Mr. Fries has given his time to the affairs of the People's National Bank of Win- ston-Salem, of which he is president. He is one of North Carolina 's recognized authorities on finan- cial matters and at a convention of the Commer- cial Organizations of the United States held at Indianapolis in 1896 to devise means for the per- petuation of the gold standard, he was elected a member of its executive committee and subse- quently was transferred to the Monetary Com- mission. The public welfare has always bespoken a large share of his studious attention. He served several terms as commissioner of the Town of Salem and as a magistrate, he was a member of the board of county commissioners and for six years was judge of the County Court. He was one of the trustees of the local Moravian Church, was a delegate to two general synods held at Herrnhut, Germany, and is now a member of the board of provincial elders of the Southern Province of the Moravian Church. He is also a trustee of Salem Academy and College and of the University of North Carolina. Mr. Pries married Agnes Sophia de Sehweinitz, who was born August 12, 1849, and died Febru- ary 2, 1915. She is survived by two daughters, Mary E. and Adelaide. Mary is the wife of Col. W. A. Blair and their three children are Margaret, Marian and John Fries. Miss Adelaide is a grad- uate of Salem College, has pursued studies abroad, and inherits marked literary talent from her father. She is a ready writer and is the author of several historical works, and is now engaged in a trans- lation of the Memorabilia of the Home Moravian Church. Col. Francis Henry Fries. In the making oj. Winston-Salem a modern commercial city hardly one individual factor has accomplished more than Col. Francis Henry Fries, widely known over North Carolina and also Virginia as a banker and manufacturer. Colonel Fries has had many points of contact with the world, with men and affairs, and though his name has figured little HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA in political life he has the qualities of the pub- lie leader. His best years have been devoted to constructive achievements. A son of Francis L. and Lisetta il. (Vogler) Fries and of the prominent Fries family else- where mentioned in this publication, Colonel Fries was born in Salem February 1, 1855. He was prepared for college in his native city. It was his intention to take his college work in the Uni- versity of North Carolina, but when he was ready the blight of reconstruction times had fallen upon the State University and its doors were tem- porarily closed. He therefore entered Davidson College and was graduated with honors from that institution in 1873. His father had been a prominent pioneer man- ufacturer at Salem, and the young college grad- uate immediately entered the mills of F. and H. Fries, starting work in the garb of the me- chanic and in the blacksmith shop. By the ex- perience of those early years he was able to take the laborer 's viewpoint, and he had a thorough fellowship with toil. He worked his way through every department of the business, from the han- dling of the raw materials until the product was finished, and the technical knowledge of detail thus acquired has no doubt been one of the im- port factors in his success. Much of his breadth of sympathy and large- ness of view can be attributed not only to his very active business life in North Carolina, but also to the influence and associations derived from a period of travel and residence abroad. In 1878 he went with his brother, Henry E. Fries, and his uncle, Henry W. Fries, to Europe, and in the course of the tour visited Ireland, England, Scot- land, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. It was part of a liberal education, not merely a pleasure trip. After his return from Europe Colonel Fries be- came superintendent of the F. and H. Fries mills, and gave his entire time to that business until 1887. He personally instituted or had some di- rect connection with all the many changes brought about in the business during that period. Methods of manufacturing were improved and the many problems involved in finding a market for the finished goods had been met and solved. While the success of the mills was assured so far as the opportunities of the location and the community were concerned, other problems con- nected with the continued advancement and pros- perity of Winston-Salem were being presented. In 1887 only one railroad passed through Winston- Salem, thus restricting the transportation facili- ties which are the vital consideration in any large enterprise. This railroad was the Rieh- mond & Danville. Some of the local men who were striving to place Winston-Salem more ad- vantageously on the commercial map, projected a line to extend from Winston-Salem across the Blue Ridge to Roanoke, Virginia. At the solici- tation of his friends Colonel Fries accepted the responsibilities of financing and building this road. He withdrew from all other business activities and gave the railroad his entire time and atten- tion. At the beginning the only money avail- able was $40,000 raised by subscription in and around Winston-Salem. After four years of stren- uous labor the road was completed at a total cost of $2,081,000. That road did more than anything else to fix the future of Winston-Salem. When it was completed Colonel Fries declined further active association with the line, and justly felt that the burdens of its maintenance and operation should be carried by others. In 1896 with a few associates Colonel Fries built the Mayo Mills and established the Village of Mayodan on the Mayo River in Rockingham County, North Carolina. In 1899 Colonel Fries and associates built the Avalon Mills, two miles above Mayodan. In 1902 he had a prominent part in the construction of the Washington Mills at Fries, Virginia. He and his associates secured large tracts of land bordering on New River in Carroll and Grayson counties, Virginia, and on part of that land laid the foundation for one of the largest cotton mill properties in the South. For his part in the enterprise his associates in- sisted that the name of the manufacturing town be called Fries. Another important work of Colonel Fries was the projection of the Winston- Salem Southbound Railroad, in 1893, when the Roanoke & Southern Railway was merged with the Norfolk & Western Railway. Colonel Fries organized the Wachovia Loan & Trust Company, w-hich in turn was merged in 1911 with the Wacho- via National Bank, the same being now known as the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company, with its home office at Winston-Salem and branch of- fices at Asheville, Salisbury, High Point, North Carolina. It is the oldest and largest bank and trust company in the State of North Carolina and one of the largest in the southern states. The usefulness and vigor of Colonel Fries in industrial affairs in North Carolina are now just at their high tide. At this writing he is president of the Waehovia Bank and Trust Company of Winston-Salem; president of the Washington Mills at Fries, Virginia; president of the Mayo Mills at Mayodan, these mills since their original construc- tion having been converted into a knitting mill, which is one of the largest of its kind in the South; he is also president of the Brown & Wil- liamson Tobacco Company of Winston-Salem; he is vice president of the Oakdale Mills at James- town, North Carolina; vice president of the Ma- line Mills and the Indera Mills, both at Winston- Salem; and director of the Arista and South Side Mills of Winston-Salem. It is only natural that national recognition should be accorded to a man who has accomplished so much in his native state. This came with the presidential appointment on November 15, 1917, of Colonel Fries as state director of the National War Savings Committee. In making this appoint- ment the Government selected the one man in North Carolina who is best known as a success- ful organizer. At this writing Colonel Fries has already effected a strong state machine, and is se- curing state-wide co-operation to a most unusual extent. It is confidentially expected that North Carolina will fulfill its requirements under the strong leadership of the state's leading financial organizer. Colonel Fries is undoubtedly one of North Car- olina's most powerful and ablest financiers. His ability has been frequently recognized. He has served as president of the State Bankers' Asso- ciation, and also a member of the executive committee of the American Bankers' Association, and in 1911-12 was president of the trust section of the American Bankers' Association. Such a career is naturally, in the highest degree, of constructive benefit to the general public. He could not have accomplished any more, if as much, had he held any number of political offices and he has widely abstained from politics so far as HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA office holding is concerned. However, he served with the rank of colonel on the staff of Governor A. M. Scales. In his youth he became a member of the Home Moravian Church, in 1874 one of the teachers in its Sunday school, and from 1885 to 1905 was Sunday school superintendent. He has been a member of the board of elders of the church for twenty-five years, until he became a member of the central board of trustees of which body he is now president. Colonel Fries was married in 1881 to Letitia Walker Patterson, who was born January 22, 1860, and died May 28, 1884. She was a daughter of Hon. Rufus L. and Maria (Moorehead) Patter- son, and a granddaughter of Governor Moorehead of North Carolina, Mrs. Pries' death occurred near that of their only and infant daughter. In 1886 Colonel Pries married Anna P. de Schweinitz, who was born October 28, 1860, daughter of Bishop E. A. de Schweinitz and member of the old fam- ily of that name elsewhere mentioned in this publication. Colonel and Mrs. Fries have one daughter, Eleanor. This daughter married Rich- ard F. Willingham of Macon, Georgia, and is the mother of two children, Eleanor Eoss and Francis Fries Willingham. 1 Henry Elias Fries. The youngest of the three sons of the late Francis L. Pries, Henry Elias has not only made his life conform to the worthy traditions of one of the best known fam- ilies of Western North Carolina, but has con- tributed new distinctions and achievements to the record. His name could hardly be omitted from any list however small supposed to repre- sent the dominant figures in North Carolina's commercial and industrial life. Doubtless the best answer to the questions which might be asked concerning who he is and his work and service and the experiences and influ- ences of ' his life are to be found in an article written by an old acquaintance and business as- sociate in Winston-Salem. It is from that article that the following paragraphs are chiefly con- structed. He was born at Salem September 22, 1857. of this parentage and ancestry little need be said here, since it is all set forth on other pages of this publication. The influences of his youth were not only those of loving and devoted par- ents but also of the Moravian Church in which he was reared. Another influence, of more sin- ister character, was the great conflict between the North and the South which was raging when his first conscious recollections of life began. Though too young to comprehend its meaning and its re- sults, the war was in fact one of those mighty influences which often sway men 's future lives for good or ill. Physically he was rather fragile and delicate, but in school learned his lessons well, though he became somewhat restless at times and longed for the fields and the woods and the open places of the world. He was six years of age when death darkened the household and took away his honored father, a man whose life was of the greatest potency in Winston-Salem, and concerning whom more is written elsewhere. For- tunately the subsequent years were guided and inspired by the noble strength and beautiful char- acter of his mother. He also came to look upon his uncle, H. W. Fries, and his elder brother, J. W. Fries, somewhat in the light of a father, and they were always ready with counsel, advice and help. He was educated in the Salem Boys School, an institution which has been the inspiration for hundreds of young men in Western North Carolina. When not in school he spent much time around the cotton and woolen mills owned by the family and in the machine shops. He acquired some- thing of an expert knowledge of tools, and of the many details of factory work, and at the same time learned the point of view and the problems of the laboring classes. At the age of seventeen he entered Davidson College. His uncle's parting words, "Never do anything to cause regret or shame," lingered with him and kept him through his college career as wall as in later years honest, industrious, tem- perate, thrifty and always endeavoring to meas- ure his own life up to the highest standards of human conduct. He was in Davidson College three years. He had to give up his course because of failing eyesight but he lost no time in idle- ness between his college work and his practical career. He was soon made manager of the Wachovia Flouring Mills, owned by the firm of P. and H. Pries. He was at the head of that successful enterprise for more than a score of years. Near Salem had been established a Sunday school, and he found in that an outlet for his spiritual and religious nature and became its superintendent, a post he has now retained for forty years. The finishing touch to his education, worth more be- cause of its opportunities for observation and study of the world at large than a full college course, came in 1878 when he went abroad with his uncle and other members of the family and visited all the larger countries of Europe. In 1881 Mr. Fries married Miss Rosa Mickey, who was born May 24, 1860. They had known each other from childhood, and her co-operation and interest in all that he has done and is doing has proved a source of unbounded inspiration, en- couragement and help. Mr. and Mrs. Fries have one child, a daughter. Mr. Fries was cnosen chairman of the great State Exposition, which signalized the Dirth of a new industrial era in North Carolina. To his ability and intelligent effort was largely due the success of that exposition, held in the year 1884. In 1886 he was chosen a member of the board of education of Forsyth County which dis- tinguished itself by a magnificent constructive program, resulting in the building of numerous convenient and improved schoolhouses throughout the county. The work of this board was not only of great benefit to the immediate county but to other counties in the state, which thenceforth used the schools of Forsyth County as a model. In 1887 Mr. Fries was elected from Forsyth County to the General Assembly. He was placed on the board of trustees of the Agricultural and Mechanical College, a position he held for ten years, and as a preliminary to the establishment of the college, was member of a special committee with Dr. Charles W. Dabney and W. S. Primrose, who visited the industrial schools of other states and made an exhaustive and thorough report which became the basis for the new State Agri- cultural and Mechanical College of North Caro- lina at Raleigh. Not only did the state at large claim his services but his native ci'y elected him mayor for three consecutive terms. He has been a member for every board of commissioners in Winston-Salem for a number of years. HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA In 1885 he organized the South Side Manufac- turing Company for the manufacture of cotton products, built a large mill, and was chosen its president. The work which has constituted his chief claim to distinction among the industrial leaders of North Carolina was in the development of elec- trical power. He came to manhood about the time the first commercial uses were made of electricity for lighting and power purposes. He was more than a passive observer of the rapid adaptation of that science to commerce and industry. With his uncle he often discussed the problem of trans- mitting power from the Yadkin Kiver to Winston- Salem. Out of these discussions grew a practical and constructive program and the organization of the Fries Manufacturing and Power Company, with Mr. H. E. Fries as superintendent and man- ager. By 1897 this company was supplying the factories of Winston-Salem with electricity as motive power. Beyond the results accomplished in the immediate locality the enterprise wae of much greater significance, since it was the first electrical transmission plant established in North Carolina. Subsequently all the electrical inter- ests of Winston-Salem, including the street rail- ways, public and private lighting plants, etc., were consolidated, and Mr. Fries was elected presi- dent of the corporation. This was the Fries Manufacturing and Power Company, and its re markable development and prosperity was largely due to Mr. Fries. He remained president of this company till it was sold to the Southern Pacific Utilities Company. He is president of the Forsyth Manufacturing Company, vice presi- dent of the Arista Mills Company, and director in a number of financial and manufacturing cor- porations. The phrase successful business man does not adequately describe Mr. Fries' varied interests and usefulness.. He is a man among men, is sociable and charitable, has a high ideal of the value of example to the younger generation, and seeks out and works for those opportunities and advantages which mean as much to a community as bread and meat. Politically he has always been a democrat, with the qualifying adjective of sound money. When Mr. Bryan was nominated for the presidency in 1896 he was unable to give his support to the free silver and populist ideas, and instead he at- tended the Indianapolis Convention of the sound money democracy as a delegate. He subsequently became national committeeman from North Car- olina of the national democratic party. At the present time Mr. Fries is president of the board of trustees of the State Industrial and State Normal School, and of the Wachovia His- torical Society, of Winston-Salem. Since 1909 Mr. Fries has been president of the Winston-Salem Southbound Railway Company. He gave personal attention to the construction of this road, and now devotes his time to the supervision of this prop- erty. This road traverses the counties of For- syth, Davidson, Montgomery, Stanley and Anson, and the great industrial development taking place in these counties, is to Mr. Fries a cause of per- sonal satisfaction and gratification. I De Schweinitz Family. The name de Sehwei- nitz occurs so frequently in sketches of North Carolina families that it is deemed appropriate and wise to collect the principal facts concerning the genealogy of the family under one head. Through the assistance of one of the family de- scendants this is made possible and the record follows : According to the oldest genealogies the family was originally of Slavonic stock, its seat being in a district of Southeastern Europe known as Merania. When Duchess Hedwig married Henry I, Duke of Silesia and Poland, a number of the noble families of Merania moved with her to Silesia, among them the von Swentze, as the name was then spelled. Definite history begins in 1350. I. Hancke von Swentze was joint Lord of Swentz, Wiltsch, Douyn and Syff ersdorff ; was counselor at the Court of Euprecht, Duke of Leig- nitz. This title to his land was confirmed in 1350. He married Fenne, or Euphemia, of the family that owned the other half of Syffersdorff. They had only one child. II. Hans von Swentze, whose title to the estate was confirmed in 1410, married a Baroness von Hangwitz of the House of Klein. He fought under Duke Louis II against the Hussites; and held various important offices. He had five chil- dren, three sons and two daughters. His son III. Christoff von Swentze was Lord of Sey- fersdorff, Swentz and Donyn, titles thereto being ratified in 1464. He married Ursula, Baroness von Buseweyn, of the House of Bersdorff in Hay- nan. His only son was IV. Christoff von Swentze, Lord of Seyfers- dorff, Swentz, Dohna, Petersdorff, Langewalde and Johnsdorff, who died in 1499. He married Hedwig, Baroness von Zedlitz, of the House of Perchwitz. They had four sons and three daugh- ters. A son V. Georg von Schwentz was Lord of Petersdorff, Libenau, Seltzenberg and Muehlredlitz. He died February 3, 1567. He married Margaretha, Baro- ness von Hangwitz, of the House of Klein-Obisch. Of their four sons one was VI. Frederick von Schweinitz, Lord Muehlred- litz. He married (1) Helena von Schwenkfehl, and had one daughter; married (2) a Baroness von Kreckwitz. By the latter union was a son VII. Abraham von Schweinitz, Lord Muehlred- litz. He married (1) Anna Maria, Baroness von Portugal, of the House of Kapscheln, in Prussia. They had three sons and four daughters. He married (2) Demuth von Binau, of the House of Nismenau in Lower Lusatia, and by that marriage had a son and a daughter. He died in 1659. The second of his first marriage was VIII. Alexander von Schweinitz, Lord of Kutseheborwitz and Heugwitz. His fortunes were ruined by the Thirty Years ' war. He married Maria Elisabeth, Baroness von Eottenberg, of the House of Schoeneich. They had four sons and two daughters. One son, George, was the father of Friedrich Wilhelm von Marschall 's wife, whose daughter was the second wife of Hans Christian Alexander von Schweinitz mentioned below. An- other son was IX. Moritz Christian von Schweinitz, who was born at Hangwitz, Silesia, February 14, 1676. He became Lord of Nieder Leube and eleven other estates. He married Eva Anna Helena, Baroness von Schweinitz', of the House of Krain. Her fa- ther, Hans Christoph von Schweinitz, was de- scended from Georg von Schweinitz (see V; through his son Georg, and his son, Hans Christoff. Hans Christoph, the second, bought the estate of Nieder Leube aud built the castle there. His daughter was his sole heiress, two other children HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA having died. Moritz von Sehweinitz died May 2, 1739, and his wife June 29, 1747. They had seven sons and three daughters. The second son was X. Hans Christian von Sehweinitz, Lord of Nieder Leube. He was born March 30, 1707, and married Sophia Johana, Baroness von Seidlitz of the House of Pfaffindorff. They joined the Uni- tas Fratruni or Moravian Church in 1741. He died November 1, 1750, after which his widow lived mostly at Herrnhut. In 1759 she sold the estate of Nieder Leube to the neighboring Catholic Convent of Marienthal. She died October 15, 1761. They had ten children. The second son was XI. Hans Christian Alexander von Sehweinitz, who was born October 17, 1740, at Nieder Leube. In 1770 he married Hedwig Elisabeth von Mar- schall (see under VIII). In the fall of 1770 they went to America, where he for thirty years was administrator of the American estates of the Unitas Fratrum. In 1775 his wife died, leaving two children, a daughter, Johanna Elisabeth, who married Rev. John Frederick Prueauff, and a son, Frederick Christian, who returned to Germany. In 1779 Hans Christian Alexander von Sehweinitz married for his second wife Anna Dorothea Elisa- beth, Baroness von Watteville, who was born April 25, 1754, at Herrnhut and died at Niesky, May 10, 1813. In 1797 he was elected a member of the Unity's Elders' Conference and the following spring returned to Europe, settling at Berthels- dorf as member of that board. August 26, 1801, he was ordained a Senior Civilis of the Unitas Pratrum. He died February 26, 1802, and was buried in the Herrnhut Graveyard. There were seven children by this second marriage, three sons and four daughters. Two died in infancy. Charles Henry did not marry; Christian Eenatus left the Moravian Church, had three sons, all of whom entered the Saxon army; Augusta Sophia mar- ried George Maximilian von Heuthausen; Ma- riane Elizabeth married Frederick Emanuel Knothe. The eldest child XII. Lewis David von Sehweinitz was born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, February 13, 1780. He was educated at Nazareth Hall, Pennsylvania, and then in the Theological Seminary at Niesky, Ger- many. He held various positions in the German Moravian Church, and in 1812 was appointed ad- ministrator of the Unity's estates in North Car- olina. May 24, 1812, he married Louisa Amelia LeDoux, a descendant of Huguenots who had fled from persecution in France and settled in Stettin, Pomerania, where she was born May 18, 1791. After a long and dangerous voyage they reached Salem, North Carolina, November 14th in the year of their marriage. During a visit to Ger- many in 1817-18 Lewis David was ordained Pres- byter. After three more years in North Carolina he was called to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1821. In 1825, during the General Synod, he was or- dained a Senior Civilis, the last to hold that office. Beturning to Bethlehem he died February 8, 18.34. In addition to his church activities he was a distinguished botanist, and belonged to a num- ber of scientific societies in America and Europe. His herbarium was left by his will to the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. His widow died in Bethlehem, October 28, 1858. They had five sons. The eldest, Edward William, born at Salem, February 21, 1814, died there the fol- lowing year. Bobert William, born at Salem, Sep- tember 20, 1819, was married during a visit to Herrnhut in 1846 to Marie Louise von Tschirschke; was ordained a deacon of the Moravian Church in 1847, presbyter in 1856, and held various posi- tions in the American Moravian Church, was prin- cipal of Salem Female Academy from 1853 to 1866. His wife died February 11, 1881, and he on October 29, 1901. They had six children, three sons and three daughters. Edmund Alexander, fourth of the five sons, was born March 20, 1825, was ordained a deacon of the Moravian Church March 3, 1850, a presbyter on October 12, 1856, and a bishop on August 28, 1870, was pastor of various congregations, president of the General Synod of 1879, and held numerous other important church offices. He was also a noted author, especially of church history. He married (1) Lydia Johanna von Tschirschke, who died September 12, 1866, leaving two sons and two daughters. On October 1, 1868, he married (2) Isabel Allison Boggs, who had one daughter. Bernard Eugene, the youngest of the five sons, was born August 16, 1828, at Bethlehem, married in 1852 Ottelia Goepp, and died in Salem July 20, 1854, leaving one son. The second son of Lewis David von Sehweinitz was XIII. Emil Adolphus de Sehweinitz, who was the ancestor of the descendants of the name in Western North Carolina. He was born at Salem, October 26, 1816, and was educated both in Penn- sylvania and in Germany. After filling several positions in Pennsylvania he was called to Salem in 1849 as president of the Salem Female Acad- emy, an office he filled about four years. He then became administrator for the Unity's estates in North Carolina. June 28, 1842, he married Sophia Amelia Hermann, who was born February 14, 1822, and died March 21, 1883. She was the oldest daughter of Bishop John Gottlieb Hermann (born November 18, 1789, died July 20, 1854), and his wife, Anna Paulina Shober (born De- cember 6, 1791, and died January 30, 1869). Emil A. de Sehweinitz was ordained a deacon of the Moravian Church July 24, 1842, a presbyter on July 11, 1869, and a bishop on October 11, 1874. He attended the General Synods of 1857, 1869 and 1879. The death of this much loved and revered member of the Moravian Church in North Carolina occurred November 3, 1879. Of his children, the oldest, a boy, died in infancy. A brief record of the other children is as follows: Adelaide, born May 24, 1847, and died August 3, 1871, married Dr. Henry T. Bahnson. Agnes Sophia, born August 12, 1849, died February 2, 1915, married John W. Fries. Eleanor Elisabeth, born December 23, 1853, married Dr. Nathaniel Shober Siewers. Emily Louisa, born September 2, 1856, married William A. Lemly. Anna Pau- lina, born October 28, 1860, married Francis H. Fries. Emil Alexander, born January 19, 1864, died February 15, 1904. Hon. Benjamin Franklin Long. If the State of North Carolina should wish to express through one citizen its best ideals of vitalized and efficient citizenship it is doubtful if any choice could be so adequate as that of Judge Benjamin Franklin Long of Statesville, and since 1902 judge of the Superior Court for the Tenth Judicial District. Judge Long is now at the meridian of his mental attainments and powers, with normal expectation of continued work and influence, yet it is possible even now to appreciate and understand his life and character, the elements that have entered into it from ancestry and training, and the big role that destiny has called upon him to enact. For- tunately the material for such an appreciation is HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA at hand, collected by one familiar with his work for many years and as a result of careful study and investigation. Judge Long was born near Graham, Alamance County, North Carolina, March 19, 1855, a son of Jacob and Jane Stuart (Stockard) Long. In racial strain he is a composite American — German and Scotch blood predominating. His great- grandfather was named Conrad Lange, a name subsequently anglicized to Long. He came from one of the Rhenish provinces of Germany and set- tled in Pennsylvania before the Revolution. By his first wife he had two children, Casper and Mary. After the death of his first wife he mar- ried Catharine McRin. About 1760, with his second wife and the two children of his first mar- riage, he came to North Carolina settling on a farm on Haw River, where the remainder of his life was spent. In this state three sons were born, Jacob, Henry and Conrad, and a daughter Elizabeth. The oldest of these sons, Jacob, grandfather of Judge Long, married Catherine Shepherd. Their family consisted of four sons and two daughters, the youngest son being Jacob, father of Judge Long. Jacob Long married January 3, 1833, Jane Stuart Stockard. Her father Col. John Stock- ard was a sou of James Stockard, a Continental soldier during the Revolution. James Stockard married Ellen Trousdale, sister of William and James Trousdale. Her nephew William Trousdale, son of James, become one of the most eminent men of his day, rising to the rank of general in the LTirited States army, serving two terms as governor of Tennessee and later was minister to Brazil. Col. John Stockard was twice married. His first wife was Jane Stuart of Scotch descent. After her death he married Catherine Albright, daughter of Henry Albright. The Albrights were of German descent, and their name was auglicized from the original Albrecht. They came from Ger- many to Pennsylvania, one branch moving to North Carolina before the Revolution. Henry Al- bright's wife, Mary Gibbs, was a sister of tne dis- tinguished soldier. Gen. Nicholas Gibbs, who was killed at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama during the Creek Indian war of 1812-13. Jacob and Jane Stuart (Stockard) Long had a remarkable family of children, and much of their strong character was derived from their parents, both of whom were notable both by descent and by personal character. Owing to the conditions that existed during his youth, the country being new and raw, Jacob Long, though a man of ex- ceptionally strong mind, was deprived of the ad- vantages of a liberal education. This made him all the more determined to give his sons every- thing he could, and the lives of these sons have justified in abundant measure the affectionate judgment of the father. Judge Long would be the first to acknowledge the debt which he owes to his parents for the measure of success he has won in life. His father, long active in affairs, lived to the age of eighty-eight. His mother, a woman of strong intellect, wide reading and vast information, so impressed her children that each and every one of them became imbued thoroughly with the desire to win worthily and to be of some use in the world. She died in her ninety-second year. Judge Long had six brothers and one sister. The oldest brother, John H. Long, died in Mis- souri in 1907. Another brother, Joseph Gibbs Long, was orderly sergeant of Company E, 13th North Carolina Regiment, Confederate army, in the war between the states and was killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. The sister mar- ried Capt. J. N. H. Clendenin of Alamance County, North Carolina, who was an officer in the Confederate army, and since then a fanner and business man. One brother, the Rev. William S. Long, D. D., LL. D., minister and educator, foun- der of Elon College in this state and former presi- dent of it, has been prominently identified with higher education in North Carolina for over forty years. He lives at Chapel Hill. Another brother, the Rev. Daniel A. Long, D. D., LL. D., formerly president of the Graham, North Carolina, High School, was for fifteen years president of Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio, and later was president of Union Christian College, a notable old institution on the banks of the Wabash River at Merom, Indiana. Another brother, Col. Jacob A. Long, is a prominent lawyer of Graham, at one time was acting district attorney of his judi- cial district, and in 1893 was chairman of the Finance Committee of the General Assembly in North Carolina. Still another brother was the late Dr. George W. Long, eminent as a physician, who lived in Graham. He served as president of the State Medical Association and was for years a member of the State Board of Medical Examiners. No physician in the state outranked him in the esteem of the profession and the large number of patients who profited by his care. The State Medical Society had his portrait painted and hung in the Hall of History at the State Capital in October, 1916. Two brothers of Judge Long were in educa- tional work while he was a schoolboy. Rev. Dr. William S. Long, then head of the Graham High School, prepared the younger brother so that he was able to enter Trinity College in 1872 at the age of seventeen. He graduated in 1874 A. B., and later the college conferred upon him the degree A. M. He took up the study of law in Judge Pearson 's Law School, and in 1877 entered the Law School of the University of Virginia, where he was graduated in 1878 LL. B. His school career was a distinguished one. A good scholar always, at Trinity he was valedictorian of his class, which numbered among its members such men as Reverend Doctor Staley, Senator Over- man and Judge Boykin. During his student life for two years he taught Latin and History in the Graham High School, but even with this help found himself at the beginning of his career as a lawyer somewhat in debt financially for his education. His success was such, however, that it did not take him long to pay this debt. At the University of Virginia he pressed a two years course into one year and in addition won the orator's medal in the Wash- ington Society, awarded by a committee of the faculty after hearing competitive debates. After his return home, then but twenty-three years of age, he was tendered the nomination for state senator. With that promptness of decision which has characterized him through life, he turned aside the flattering offer and moved to Statesville, as he had previously decided to do, and that city has been the scene of his active labors. In October, 1878, he formed a law part- nership with Hon. William M. Robbins, one of the most prominent lawyers of the state and at 8 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA that time a member of Congress. December 23, 1879, he married Mary Alice Bobbins, daughter of his law partner. Possessed of a robust physique, a strong intel- lect, liberal education, industrious habits, he threw himself into his profession with zeal, energy and sound judgment. A liberal practice came to him almost at the beginning. In 1879 he edited the Law Lectures of Chief Justice Pearson, one of his preceptors. These lectures of a distinguished lawyer and teacher were thus made available for students and are still used as a test book. Por three terms Judge Long was solicitor of the In- ferior Court of Iredell County, served as attorney for the City of Statesville and while in that office carried on a general practice extending over eight counties. In 1880 he was appointed re- ceiver for the Western Division of the Western North Carolina Railroad and for five years per- formed his duties with credit to himself and advantage to the railroad, at the same time car- rying on his active private practice. Por one term he was mayor of Statesville, resigning to accept the office of solicitor of the Eighth Judi- cial District, and was twice elected, serving a period of eight years. As prosecuting officer he was faithful, fearless and impartial, and won such a large measure of respect from the people that in 1894 he was nominated by the democratic party as candidate for judge of the Superior Court. He was included in the general democratic defeat of that year, resulting from an alliance between the republicans and populists. In the next judicial election in 1902 he was nominated for the same position, was elected by a large majority and served the full term of eight years, and was re- elected in 1910 for another similar term, which he is now serving. With all his notable services and attainments it is his career on the bench that gives Judge Long the dignity and influence of one of North Caro- lina's foremost public citizens. The work he has done, from his own standpoint, was merely the carrying out of his sworn duties. But the country is full of examples of men who in like positions did not face their duties with the same courage. There is more than one way of doing one's duty. Judge Long took the highest and the best way, compromising nothing. Some of the largest cases involving property rights ever tried in the state were before his court, and as a rule in important cases where appeal has been taken he has been sustained. The case which gave him a reputation far be- yond the borders of his own state forcibly illus- trates the public service which can be rendered by any just and resolute judge. Lynching has not been an uncommon American crime. But punish- ment of lynchers were almost unknown up to August, 1906, when several negroes were in jail at Salisbury to be tried for a barbarous murder, with but little doubt as to their guilt. The case was within one day of trial when a crowd of white men came into town at night, and notwithstanding the careful precautions that had been taken by the county officials broke into the jail, took out the prisoners, and put three of them to death. On the next day the court met for the trial of the prisoners who had been lynched. When Judge Long opened court the town and the surrounding country were convulsed with excitement. He sent for the Grand Jury and in delivering his charge made this announcement: "God Almighty reigns and the law is still supreme. This court will not adjourn until this matter has been investigated." The most strenuous efforts were made to shield the participators in the lynching. Proof was diffi- cult to obtain, but Judge Long held to his posi- tion. He had the support of a courageous prose- cuting officer, Hon. W. C. Hammer, the solicitor of the district. Determined to sustain the majesty of the law, unmoved by criticism, he persisted until the crime was fastened upon one Hall, a leader of the mob, and an ex-convict. A few days after the crime was committed Hall was put on trial, found guilty and sentenced to the peni- tentiary for fifteen years. Prom one end of the land to the other his action was praised and ap- plauded by the best citizens and as an example of the sentiment in other states may be quoted, the following editorial from the Star of Indian- apolis, Indiana: ' ' It will be impossible to exaggerate or over estimate the tremendous service rendered to the state or to the race by Judge B. P. Long of States- ville, North Carolina, who has just sentenced a white lyncher to fifteen years in the penitentiary. This brave and upright judge, and all who have cooperated with him, have rendered their fel- low citizens and the cause of self-government everywhere a service which is worthy of the best tradition of Carolinian chivalry and statesman- ship. ' ' It is especially noteworthy that since this action there has not been a lynching in North Carolina. It is the first instance in the United States of severe punishment for a white man for aiding a mob to lynch negroes, and by a judge in a southern state elected by democrats. While this case attracted wider attention, as is always true of a matter involving the funda- mentals of social and individual justice, another case in which Judge Long presided involved the sovereign rights of a sovereign state. In February, 1907, the General Assembly of North Carolina passed a law fixing the passenger rates within the state at 2% cents per mile and making violation of that act a misdemeanor. The Southern Rail- way defied the law and secured from Judge Pritch- ard of the United States Circuit Court an injunc- tion prohibiting the enforcement of the law until the question of its constitutionality could be con- sidered. This order was made by Judge Pritchard on June 29, 1907, two days before the rate law went into effect. On the 8th of July, 1907, Wake Superior Court convened, Judge Long presiding. The situation was a grave one in so far as the rights of the state were concerned, and there were no precedents. Judge Long had, however, given the matter careful thought and in his ad- dress to the jury instructed them particularly to inquire whether the railroad violated the criminal law in selling tickets at a higher rate than that prescribed by the statutes. In consequence of this charge, Agent Green at Raleigh was indicted for selling a ticket at Raleigh at an unlawful rate and was arrested. There was much feeling throughout the state. Judge Pritchard announced that he would protect the agents and officers of the company acting under his orders. He came to Raleia-h in person for the purpose, it was be- lieved, of issuing a writ of habeas corpus for the release of Green. Judge Long ordered the sheriff to deliver the body of the prisoner up to the court, and the judge took Green into his own posses- sion. Judge Long's position was a denial of the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA right of the United States Circuit Court to sus- pend a criminal law of the state. In was a de- nial that the Federal courts could enjoin or inter- fere with the Superior Court of the state in indictments or trials for crime committed in the state and only against the laws of the state, wherein the State Court alone had sole and ex- clusive jurisdiction of the subject matter and the accused. There were other points involved not necessary to enter into here. His rulings upon the main question, jurisdiction, were unanimously af- firmed by the Supreme Court. It is sufficient here to state that Judge Long's prompt action had such au influence upon Judge Pritchard that he returned to Asheville without taking further ac- tion, and the case was tried before the State Court in due form. Both the Southern Railway and the agent Green were held guilty of misdemeanor. On Green 's promise to observe the law he was fined five dollars and given his freedom. The company declined to obey the law and was fined $30,000. In his ruling Judge Long held that the Federal Court could not suspend a criminal law of the state nor protect a citizen who had violated state laws. As a result of ttiis trial the Southern Railway, eight days after the verdict and judg- ment, suggested that it would obey the law of the state and the matter was thus finally settled. The consequences of this trial were far-reaching and have resulted in the establishment of satisfactory passenger rates throughout the South Atlantic states. Judge Long's reputation was greatly en- hanced by his action in this important decision. Notwithstanding his arduous duties upon the bench and his devotion to the law as a profes- sion, Judge Long has found time for other in- terests connected with the social and civic life of his home community and state. From its or- ganization in 1898 he has been a member of the State Bar Association and is also a member of the American Bar Association. In 1891 he was author of the bill which resulted in the estab- lishment of the graded schools of Statesville. About the same time in conjunction with two other public spirited men he organized the States- ville Cotton Mill, the first of its kind in the town, and now ranking high among the industrial or- ganizations of the state. For a long time he served as a trustee of the State University and has given his liberal support to various charitable institutions. In 1893 a group of capitalists, led by Hon. Wal- ter H. Page of New York, now ambassador at St. James, purchased the Manufacturers Record of Baltimore and offered Mr. Long the position of manager in chief of the publication to direct its future destinies. It was a flattering and attrac- tive offer, as the main purpose of this great jour- nal is to help the development of the South, but as its acceptance required a change of his pro- fession he declined it. Before his judicial services began, in every general election campaign since his majority, he has worked and canvassed in behalf of the demo- cratic ticket, believing that the safety of the South as demonstrated by the horrors of Recon- struction, was dependent upon democratic control. Time and again he has declined offers of political promotion. More than once he could have had the democratic nomination for Congress, and in 1907 was urged by powerful influences to become a candidate for governor. Since his accession to the bench he has scrupulously avoided public poli- tical discussions. His career on the bench has been free from partisanship; as a judge he en- joys the confidence of all parties. Judge Long has the thoroughness, the persis- tence, and the courage of his German and Scotch ancestors. Many instances are told illustrating his lack of fear in taking the unpopular side when he feels he is in the right. When Chief Justice Furehes and one of his associates of the Supreme Court were impeached-in 1901, Judge Long and his associates, employed for the defense, handled the case with such masterful ability that, notwith- standing the fact that part of the alleged mis- conduct consisted of an unlawful and unconstitu- tional attitude toward the General Assembly, he, in conjunction with his associate counsel, secured an acquittal at the hands of the Senate largely composed of their political opponents. In 1914 Judge Long was honored by Davidson College and Elou College with the degree Doctor of Laws. He holds membership in the Presby- terian Church, the Masonic, fraternity, the Royal Arcanum, the Order of Elks, and the Alpha Tau Omega college fraternity, of which at one time he was the second ranking officer in the United States. In August, 1914, he was recommended by the United States senators of North Carolina, and House members then in Washington, for appoint- ment on Sujireme Bench to vacancy occasioned by the death of Justice Lunton. Judge Long was exceedingly fortunate in his choice of a wife. He married Miss Mary Alice Robbins, in the flush of young manhood and al- most at the outset of his professional career, and Mrs. Long as wife, mother and home maker has shared in the achievements which have bestowed so much honor and dignity upon his name. Mrs. Long's father, trie late William McKen- dree Robbins, was a distinguished lawyer, a mem- ber of Congress, a linguist, a scientist, erudite scholar, and a statesman and orator of national fame. He was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, in 1828, and graduated with highest honors at Randolph-Macon College, Virginia. His father Ahi Robbins of Randolph County was one of the most brilliant men of his day. William M. Robbins studied law and just before the breaking out of the war went to Alabama and began prac- tice. He volunteered in the Confederate Army, and served throughout the entire war in the Fourth Alabama Infantry, of which he was major, and as major and acting colonel commanded the regi- ment at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1893 he was appointed by President Cleveland a member of the Gettysburg National Park Commission and was active in the duties of this office until his death thirteen years later. During these years he wrote the reports of the commission to the War Depart- ment, and much of the writing and inscriptions appearing upon the tablets and monuments at Gettysburg were composed by him. After the war Major Robbins removed to Salisbury, North Caro- lina, taking up the practice of law there. He was in the State Senate for two or three terms from the districts composed of Rowan and Davie coun- ties. In 1872 he was elected to Congress and was reelected in 1874 and in 1876. In Congress he became distinguished for his oratory and states- manship and when he closed his career in the national legislature he was regarded as an orator and debater who took rank with Garfield, Blaine, Randolph Tucker and Ben Hill. When he retired from Congress he was acting chairman of the 10 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Ways and Means Committee. He then resumed the practice of law in Statesville, to which place he and his family had, hitherto, removed. For many years he distinguished himself at the bar as one of the leading lawyers and foremost advo- cates in North Carolina. In Congress and as a lawyer he delivered many notable addresses. A few of these stand out as being truly great ora- tions — the speech he delivered at the Twentieth of May Celebration at Charlotte in 1889; his speech in Congress on the sugar tariff; his reply to Ben Butler on the Civil Bights bill; and his address to one of the graduating classes at Ban- dolph-Macon College. Major Bobbins married Mary Montgomery, daughter of Bev. Dr. A. D. Montgomery and of distinguished ancestry. Her mother, Elizabeth Lewis of Virginia, was a descendant of John Lewis, who was a brother of Fielding Lewis, a brother-in-law of George Washington. The Lewis family has been identified conspicuously with the history of Virginia from the earliest period. Elizabeth Lewis was also a cousin of President Zachary Taylor. Five children have been born to Judge and Mrs. Long. William Bobbins Long, the oldest, died in infancy. Benjamin F. Long, Jr., whose youth promised a splendid career, graduated at Colonel Horner's School at Oxford, North Caro- lina, with highest honors in 1899, being captain of his company which won the colors at commence- ment in competitive drill, and had entered the university as a student for the year 1899-1900 when on November 16, 1899, in his nineteenth year, he was killed in a railroad accident. The third child, Lois, is a talented musician, has been trained under the best teachers in the country, has diplomas from three colleges, and in June, 1914, received a diploma from the Masters School of Music at Brooklyn, New York. She made her debut in Aeolian Hall, New York, November, 1917. She married Franklin Biker of New York who is a musician and composer of note of that city and a nephew of Admiral Mayo. The other daughter, Mary, married October, 1914, Maj. Edward M. Land a. leading lawyer of Goldsboro, North Caro- lina. She is a woman of varied accomplishments and has a wide circle of friends. The youngest is McKendree Bobbins Long, the artist, concern- ing whom a separate sketch appears in this work. This brief story of Judge Long's life illustrates in the strongest manner the fact that greatness can be shown in the discharge of the ordinary duties of life. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of our people that true greatness always consists of the faithful discharge of duty. The man who has served his generation with pa- tience and with fidelity has contributed more to the welfare of his country than the man who wins notoriety, however great that notoriety may be, which is based not upon solid achievement. McKendree Bobbins Long. North Carolina has reason to be proud of the achievements of her sons and daughters who have followed the gentler muses of the arts, some of whom have deserved to rank alongside her soldiers and statesmen. While his career as a portrait and landscape artist may be said to have only begun, it is possible to rank McKendree Bobbins Long of Statesville among those men and women whose merits and achievements have made an American art worthy of the name. A son of Judge Benjamin F. Long, he was born at Statesville in July, 1888. His early train- ing was received in the schools of his home town, and later in the Webb School at Bellbuckle, Ten- nessee, the Horner Military School at Oxford, North Carolina, and while there he ended his career as captain of one of the military companies and won the colors for the best drilled company. Pursuing his studies he entered Davidson Col- lege and from there became a student of the Art Students' League of New York City where he re- mained for two years. In the meantime he took a summer course in the School of Art of the Uni- versity of Virginia. Two noted artists of New York connected with the Art Students' League awarded him a scholarship entitling him to two years' study abroad. Going to Europe he spent a short period study- ing art in the City of London. He also studied at Amsterdam and Volendam, Holland, and at Paris and Madrid. His chief instructor in Eu- rope was Lazlo, the great Hungarian portrait artist, whose studio is in London. Lazlo is re- garded in Europe as one of the great portrait artists of the time, and ranking with another, perhaps better known in this country because of his American origin, John Singer Sargent. At the end of his two years abroad Mr. Long returned to the United States in the summer of 1913. Since then he has given his time to paint- ing portraits and landscapes, his work showing a special genius for portraiture. In December, 1916, he was tendered and accepted the position of. di- rector of the School of Art and Design in Los Angeles. At the end of the session there of 1916-17, though his place was a delightful one and gave a fine field for his ambitions, he resigned and returned home in order to respond to the call to the colors. In June, 1917, he entered the Officers' Training Camp at Fort Oglethrope, Georgia. Some time later he was taken very seriously ill. There fol- lowed a dangerous operation, and his health was so shattered that he was unable to continue his training at Fort Oglethorpe. He then returned to Statesville and while recuperating and awaiting the return of his former splendid physical condi- tion, has resumed his artistic employment. In the Long home at Statesville, there are two splendid examples of his portrait work, one a portrait of his father, Judge B. F. Long, the other a portrait of his wife's mother, Mrs. Mary Bell Hill. They are remarkable paintings and show the work of a great artist. Mr. Long is of the highly intellectual type, of especially independent thought and action, and follows no set rote or rule, and is bold, original and vigorous in his treat- ment of every subject. If some hazard of war does not intervene, an unusually promising career awaits this young man. He married Miss Mary Belle Hill, daughter of the late Dr. M. W. Hill of Statesville. They have a beautiful little daughter, Caroline Clements Long. Col. Clinton A. Cillet, whose last years were spent at Hickory, North Carolina, where he died, is generally recognized as having been one of North Carolina's ablest lawyers and finest citizens. He was not only distinguished in his profession but a man of remarkable versatility and of forceful power and character at every point of contact with affairs and with the interests of his home community. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 11 He was of New England birth and ancestry, and was born in the State of New Hampshire. He was reared according to New England ideals and his college career was in Harvard University. He graduated from the literary department of that university and was studying law in Harvard Law School when the war broke out between the states. He soon enlisted in the Union army, and gained rank as an officer by brilliant service on the field. He became colonel of his regiment and served with that rank under General Thomas of Chieka- mauga. Following the war Colonel Cilley was commis- sioned by the Freedmen 's Bureau to take care of its interests in North Carolina. In that official capacity he wa.s located at Salisbury. While in that city he met and became a friend of the late Colonel Folk, one of North Carolina 's most dis- tinguished lawyers and a southerner of the most uncompromising type. Notwithstanding the nat- ural political differences that separated them, a mutual affection and esteem sprang up, and after a while Colonel Cilley relinquished his position with the Freedmen 's Bureau and went with Colonel Folk to the latter 's home at Lenoir in Caldwell County. He finished his law studies under Colonel Folk and was admitted to the bar at Lenoir. Colonel Cilley had his home at Lenoir from 1866 to 1900, when he removed to Hickory in Catawba County, where he spent his last years. Colonel Cilley was successful as a lawyer from the start, and in time was elected a .iudge of the Superior Court of North Carolina and served with credit and distinction on the bench for a number of years. On resuming his law work he continued general practice and had a clientage such as any lawyer might be proud to own. A prominent mem- ber of the Catawba County bar has said that Colonel Cilley was the most remarkable man he ever knew. He possessed not only the technique of the well trained lawyer but also the vastly more important foundation of erudition and thor- ough learning. His speeches and writings had a literary flavor in addition to the concise and logi- cal phrases of legal diction. Colonel Cilley was married at Lenoir to Miss Emma. Harper, daughter of Col. J. C. and Mrs. (McDowell) Harper of Lenoir. Both the McDow- ells and Harpers were old and distinguished fam- ilies of Western North Carolina. Mrs. Cilley, who is still living at Hickory, was born at the old Harrier home in Happy Vnllev, Caldwell County, 6% miles from Lenoir. Her home is one of the most historic spots in all North Carolina. It wa.s the home of the revolutionary McDowells as well as the Harpers, and two of the old homes that were there during the "Revolutionary war are still standing in Happy Valley. Colonel and Mrs. Cilley had three sons who are still living. John Harper Plummer Cilley, Cordon Harper Cilley and .Tames Lenoir Cillev. .Tames Lenoir Cilley is now assistant cashier of the First National Bank in Hickory. Gordon Harper Cilley has long been active and successful both in news- paper work and in advertising. He was formerly with the Charlotte Observer, later with the Phila- delphia "Record, and he went from that paper to become assistant to the advertising manager of John Wanamaker. Subsequently he was pro- moted to his present position as advertising man- ager for John Wanamaker at a salary of $12,000 per pear. He is of course among the great ad- vertising experts of America. The oldest son, John Harper Plummer Cilley, is now proprietor of the Piedmont Foundry in Hickory, and a leading business man of that city. He married Miss Anna S. Abernethy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. S. Abernethy of Hickory. To their marriage have been born seven children: Joseph Everett, J. H. P. Jr., Clinton A., Emma Louise, Alice Shuford, Donald Adolphus and Dorothy Winter. Maj. Joseph Em Alexander, prominent lawyer and citizen of Winston-Salem, has put his native talents and opportunities to excellent use in his individual advancement to success in his profes- sion and for a useful service to his community and state. His is only one of the many useful and honorable careers that might appropriately be summarized in this article. The Alexanders are a virile and vigorous stock. They have been in North Carolina since earliest colonial times and the painstaking labors of students and genealogists have traced the family record back to the time of the Norman conquest of England. Concerning the older branches of the family two quotations will suffice. The first is from the "Rec- ord of a Family of_the House of Alexander" by Frances Alexander Butterworth (Chicago. 1909) : "One of the Scottish ancestors was Alexander McDonald, son of Donald, Lord of the Isles. He had two sons who assumed the Christian name of their father as a surname, and started one branch of the Alexander family on the way to fame and fortune. The Donalds trace back to Somerled, through a somewhat misty Highland genealogy. "William Alexander, Earl of Stirling, from whom many of the Alexanders in America claim descent, was secretary of state for Scotland in 1626. He ruled for the king with a single eyed patriotism. His writings were famed in their day. His most important work was the assistance he rendered James I in the metrical version of the Psalms. "James Alexander, the descendant of Lord Stir- ling, was obliged to leave Great Britain on account of active partisanship with the Pretender. He was colonial secretary of New York and among the staunchest of pre-revolutionary friends of civil liberty. His son William was the Lord Stirling of Revolutionary fame. The family flourished in Virginia." . The second citation is in the nature of a sum- mary taken from the Encyclopedia Britannica, eleventh edition, Vol. 25, page 924. "William Alexander (1567-1640), son of Alex- ander Alexander of Menstrie, was born near Stir- ling about 1567. The family was old and claimed to be descended from Somerled, Lord of the Isles, through John, Lord of the Isles, who married Margaret, daughter of Robert II. Robert II (1316-1390) was King of Scotland and founder of the Stuart dynasty, and was the tenth in direct male descent from a Norman baron, Robert de Bruis, who came to England in 1066 with William the Conqueror. In 1621 James I g-ranted William Alexander enormous tracts of land in America embracing Nova Scotia, New Brunswick - and Gaspe Peninsula. This territory was afterwards in- creased on paper so as to include a great part of Canada Was the king's secretary to Scotland until his death and was created Viscount Stirling and Lord Alexander of Tullibody. In 1633 was advanced to rank of earl with the addi- tional title of Viscount Canada, and in 1639 be- 12 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA came Earl of Dovan. Was succeeded by his grand- son William, who died a few months later, and then by his son Henry (died 1644), who became 'the third earl. When Henry's grandson, Henry, fifth earl (1664-1739), died the earldom became dor- mant, and in 1759 was claimed by William Alex- ander (1726-1783) of New York City, son of James Alexander (1690-1756), a noted colonial lawyer (referred to in the previous quotation). William Alexander served first as commissioner and then as aide de camp to Gov. William Shirley, and in 1756 accompanied Governor Shirley to Eng- land, where he was persuaded to claim the earldom of Stirling. In 1759 in Edinburg a jury declared him to be the nearest heir to the last Earl of Stir- ling, but the House of Lords held up the claim for further proof Returned to Amer- ica, espoused the cause of the Revolution, became brigadier general and in 1777 major general; pre- sided over the court martial of Gen. Charles Lee regarding the battle of Monmouth, and enjoyed the confidence of Washington to an unusual de- gree. ' ' It is said that in the latter part of the seven- teenth century several brothers of the name Alex- ander fled on account of religious persecution from Scotland to Ireland and thence to Manhattan, New York. Some of these remained in Manhattan and one of their descendants was the William Alexan- der above referred to. The others took up their abode for a time in New Jersey, and the descend- ants of these families went into Pennsylvania and into North Carolina. According to ' ' Burke 's Ar- more of England, Scotland and Ireland," there was a Samuel Alexander living in Cecil County, Maryland, 1700-1714, whose grandson, David, set- tled in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Erom 1740 to 1760 many Alexander families left Mary- land, thirty of these families going to North Caro- lina and Virginia at the same time. Attracted by the fertility of soil, its fruit, game and fishing industry and its mild climate tempered by the waters of Albemarle Sound, Isaac Alexander, who is the ancestor of the branch of the family now under consideration, settled in Tyrrell County, near the Town of Columbia, appar- ently about the time it became a County, shortly after 1729. The County of Tyrrell (named for Sir John Tyrrell, at one time a lord proprietor), in North Carolina, is one of the oldest counties of English settlement in America. The State of North Caro- lina was owned by eight lords proprietors until 1729, when seven of them sold their share back to the Crown. North Carolina was originally di- vided into three counties, Albemarle, Bath and Clarendon. Tyrrell was one of the original pre- cincts of Albemarle and embraced the land now known as Dare, Tyrrell, Washington and a part of Martin Counties, embracing all the land imme- diately bordering on the south of Albemarle Sound. In 1719 Tyrrell Precinct had achieved such popula- tion and importance that it petitioned the lords proprietors to be created into a county. This re- quest was not granted until 1729, the same year that the proprietors sold the land back to the Crown. The Alexander family in Tyrrell for a long number of years resided on what is known as the Pinner Place or Sound Side Plantation in a sec- tion known as Sound Side on the south side of Albemarle Sound. In the Alexander burial ground on this place Jesse Alexander and his son Joseph Alexander and the latter 's wife, Caroline, are buried, and their tomb stones are in a good state of preservation. From traditional accounts which have been pre- served in the family to the present time, there was evidently some connection between the Alex- anders of Tyrrell County and those of Mecklen- burg County. It is said that the families in the two localities visited each other in the early days. That fact explains why Isaac Alexander and his wife, Zilpha, were not buried in the above ground. It is said that their remains were taken to Meck- lenburg for burial. Isaac Alexander, the pioneer of Tyrrell County, died about 1780. An interesting document that has a curious interest of its own and also con- tains some account of the Alexander family is Isaac Alexander 's will, recorded in Book 1 of Wills, page 144, in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court of Tyrrell County. It is given in its entirety as follows : "In the Name of God, Amen. the Twenty-fifth Day of March. 1780. ' ' I, Isaac Alexander of the County of Tyrrell, Planter, being very sick and weak in body but of perfect mind and memory, thanks be given unto God, therefore calling unto mind the mortality of my body and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do make and ordain this my last will and testament, that is to say: "Principally and first of all, I give and recom- mend my soul into the hands of God that gave it and my body I recommend to the earth to be buried in decent Christian burial at the discretion of my executors, nothing doubting but at the gen- eral resurrection I shall receive the same again by the Mighty Power of God: ' ' And as touching such worldly estate wherewith it hath pleased God to bless me in this life, I give, devise and dispose of the same in the following manner and form : "Imprimus: I give and bequeath to Zilpha Alexander, my dearly beloved wife, the one-third part of all my movable estate wherever to be found during her natural life with the use of my planta- tion whereon I now dwell during her widowhood and then to be and remain as after specified. ' ' Item : I give and bequeath to my well beloved son John Alexander the now called Sound Side Plantation for two hundred acres of land as the sundry lines round the same will appear, with one good hunting gun. "Item: I give to my well beloved son Joseph Alexander the black walnut land being two hun- dred twenty acres lying and being on the north side and near the head of Alligator Creek, with one good hunting gun and one feather bed. "Item: I give to my well beloved son Abner Alexander one certain piece of land lying on the south side of the New Road commonly called the Woodyard as the sundry lines round the same will make appear with one good hunting gun and one feather bed. "Item: I give to my well beloved son Jesse Alexander the plantation and land appertaining to the same whereon I now dwell as the sundry lines round the same will make appear, with one good hunting gun and one feather bed and fur- niture, and to have a good still, my own property, with one good cow and calf. "Item: I give to my beloved daughter Mary Alexander one good feather bed and one chest. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 13 ' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Eliza- beth Davenport one good feather bed now in her own possession. ' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Ann Alexander one good feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf. ' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Sarah Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf. ' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Jamima Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf. ' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Zilpha Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf. "Item: I give to my beloved daughter Millae Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf. ' ' Item : I give to my beloved daughter Clarca Alexander one feather bed and furniture and one cow and calf. "And as touching my negroes, I dispose of them as follows: One negro girl called Juda to be and remain in the possession and custody of my be- loved wife Zilpha Alexander during her natural life, whom I constitute and appoint executrix with my well beloved son John Alexander whom I con- stitute and appoint executor of this my last will and testament, and as to my other negroes that is now to say Rose and one negro woman Joan and Hester negroes to remain in the care and custody of my executors until the year 1790. and then to be equally or as near as possible divided or pro- portioned with increase to and among my before mentioned children and the remaining part of my estate not before left in legacies or mentioned to be equally divided at my decease, excepting my well beloved son Jesse Alexander who is to have no part of the said negroes or increase; to him I give the still in lieu. "And I do hereby utterly disallow, revoke and disannull all and every other former testament, will, legacies and bequeath and executors by me in any ways before named and willed, and be- queathed, ratifying and confirming this and no other to be my last will and testament. "In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and date above written. "Isaac Alexander." [Seal] The immediate branch of the family here de- scribed is descended through Isaac 's son Jesse, known as Colonel Jesse. He was born June 28, 1774. and died November 2, 1817. He is buried on Sound Side Plantation, now known as Pinner Place, five miles from Columbia, Tyrrell County. He was a very extensive and successful planter, and also a man of affairs. He represented Tyr- rell County in the House in 1803-04, and in the Senate in 1808 and 1810. He was also a colonel of the militia, and his death at the early age of forty-three resulted from wounds received in the war of 1812. In connection with his military service the following letter from Governor Haw- kins' "Letter Book," page 259, is of interest: "His Excellency the Governor of North Caro- accept the appointment of Brigadier General of the Thirteenth Brigade of North Carolina Mili- tia." Signed Jesse Alexander, Tyrrell County, May 15, 1813. Col. Jesse Alexander married Ann Hoylt Hos- kans of Edenton, North Carolina, January 1, 1801. They had five children: Joseph, George, Thomas, Abner and Martha. Of these, George, who was born July 7, 1S07, and died in 1835, married Ann Spruill; Thomas H., born June 12, 1809, and died in 1870, served as register of deeds for thirty years, and left a large family of children and grandchildren by his marriage to Mary Hardison; Abner, born September 12, 1811, and died in 1844, married Rhoda Alexander, but had no children; Martha, born November 10, 1813, married Col. Charles T. Spruill, who several times served as a member of the General Assembly from Tyrrell County. Joseph Alexander, first son of Colonel Jesse, was born April 5, 1805, and died December 28, 1850. He was a planter and slave owner and lifelong resident of Tyrrell County. He married Caroline B. Spruill, who was born September 18, 1812, and died February 14, 1860. Her brother, Gen. H. G. Spruill, was one of North Carolina's historic char- acters represented Tyrrell in the Senate in 1836- 38-40-42, was a member of the Board of Internal Improvements, and as state senator advocated a system of common public schools, using funds of the state lands, and introduced one of the first bills for this purpose. Joseph Alexander and his wife had one son and three daughters. The daugh- ters were: Martha F., who married Dennis Sim- mons, founder and president of the Dennis Sim- mons Lumber Company of Williamston, North Carolina; Josephine, who married Dr. Edward Ransom, who was president of the constitutional convention of 1875-76; and Fannie, who married Capt. John D. Biggs, who served as captain of Company H, Sixty-first Begiment North Carolina troops. Dr. Abner Alexander, son of Joseph and Caro- line Alexander, was born September 28, 1845, on the Alexander plantation already referred to. He enlisted in Company H of the Sixty-first Begiment, North Carolina troops, was commissioned first lieutenant, was in service to the end of the strug- gle, was wounded at Cold Harbor and surrendered with General Johnston near Jamestown, North Carolina, in 1865. His regiment was in Cling- man's Brigade, Hooke's Division, Longstreet's Corps. After the surrender he walked home, a distance of two hundred miles. He then took up the study of medicine, graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, and returning to his native county practiced there and for many years had a clientage all over the county and the adjoining counties of Washington and Dare. He continued his professional work almost to the time of his death. He died in the City Hos- pital of Baltimore, where he had gone for treat- ment, on April 8, 1904. Doctor Alexander was a member of the General Assembly from Tyrrell three times, 1895, 1897 and 1903, and chairman of the Committee on Health. The bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health, March, 1895, speaking of his services: "We feel that it would not be making any invid- ious comparison to particularly mention our county superintendent of Tyrrell, Dr. Abner Alexander, who was the representative of that countv and who as chairman of the Committee on Public Health of the House proved indeed a faithful sen- tinel upon the watch-tower." At the time of his death the Raleigh Post said: "One of Tyrrell's greatest men has gone to his reward. Doctor Alexander has worn himself out serving the people. It has been said of him that 14 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA he never refused to visit the sick when called if it were possible for him to get there, no mat- ter what state of life, from the humblest to the most exalted, there was never any difference. ' ' It is said that his was the largest funeral ever held in Columbia. Dr. Abner Alexander married Dora Spruill. She was born in Tyrrell County July 12, 1851, was educated at Kittrell Springs and Statesville Female College, both in North Carolina, and died August 2, 1916. She is buried beside her hus- band in the cemetery at Columbia. Her father was Eli Spruill, who was born January 12, 1818, and died September 2, 1887. He was a slave-owner, lawyer and planter, was a whig in early day poli- tics, represented Tyrrell County in the Secession Convention of 1861, and was one of the few who opposed secession, though he finally voted for the measure. Eli Spruill was a son of James Spruill, a prominent planter of Tyrrell County. The wife of Eli Spruill was Harriet V. P. Spruill, who was born May 11, 1828, and died June 22, 1902. Dr. Abner Alexander and wife had two sons, Joseph Eli and Webster Spruill Alexander. Web- ster S. Alexander was born January 10, 1888, at Columbia, Tyrrell County, and is now a resident of Winston-Salem. Joseph Eli Alexander, who may justly take pride in the long line of distinguished ancestors only briefly noted in the preceding paragraphs, was born September 6, 1874, on the Riverside farm near Columbia, Tyrrell County. He prepared for college at Columbia Preparatory School and in 1889 was a student in Williamstown Academy in Martin County under Dr. Sylvester Hassell. In 1895 he graduated magna cum laude from the Uni- versity of North Carolina. While in the univer- sity he attained membership in the honorary schol- arship fraternity Phi Beta Kappa. Studying law in a law office, he was admitted to the bar in 1896. He then formed a partner- ship with Hon. A. E. Holton, United States dis- trict attorney at Winston-Salem. For fourteen months from January, 1897, to March, 1898, he was secretary to the governor of North Carolina and in that capacity was also military secretary with rank of major. After resigning as secre- tary he was appointed in 1898 aide de camp to the governor with the rank of colonel. This was during Governor Russell's administration. He resigned as secretary to the governor to resume the practice of law with Mr. Holton under the firm name of Holton and Alexander. This firm continued until January 1, 1904, and since then Mr. Alexander has been a member of the firm of Alexander, Parrish & KSrner, the other mem- bers being F. M. Parrish and Gilmer Kbrner, Jr. In 1915 the firm became Alexander & Korner. Major Alexander has had a large and successful practice in both the state and federal courts and before the departments in Washington. He was the attorney who effected the consolidation of the then separate postoffices of Winston and Salem in 1898. He was chairman of the committee of the board of trade on consolidation of the two municipalities of Winston and Salem, and as such prepared the bill and plan for the consolidation of these two cities in 1913. He has found many opportunities to use his profession and his individual influence to forward important local movements. He has served as town attorney of the Town of Salem, city attorney of the City of Winston, and county attorney of Forsyth County. He is a member of the North Carolina and American Bar Asso- ciations. Major Alexander is a member and past exalted- ruler of Winston Lodge No. 449, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; member of Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons; Piedmont Commandery of the Knights Templar, and Centerville Council No. 20, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He is also an active member of the Twin City Club. His law offices are in the O'Hanlon Building and his home at 1120 West Fourth Street, Winston-Salem. He has been twice married. Feburary 15, 1905, he married Miss Edith Kincaid Butler. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1878, but before her marriage lived at Raleigh, North Carolina. Her parents were Henry Chase Butler, who was born January 6, 1840, at Kennebunkport, Maine, and now lives in Greensboro, North Caro- lina, and Lucy J. Ross, his wife, born at Great Falls, New Hampshire, March 2, 1840, and died 1910. Lucy Ross was a daughter of John and Abbie (Kincaid) Ross. Mrs. Alexander, who died October 19, 1910, was a graduate of Peace Institute of Raleigh and the Emerson School of Oratory at Boston. On August 26, 1916, Major Alexander married Miss Lilla Young, who was born at Charlotte, North Carolina, May 20, 1877, daughter of Major John Graham Young and Lucy Winfield, of Win- ston-Salem. David Gaston Worth was one of North Caro- lina's greatest men, whether measured according to the standards of business success or devotion to the public welfare and to those interests and activities which constitute the magnificent har- mony of human life. His career serves to ex- emplify the fact that the acquisition of wealth and power is not inconsistent with a high souled manhood and a practice of the fundamental virtues associated with the Christian religion. He was the only son of Governor Jonathan Worth, whose career is a part of the general his- tory of North Carolina. Jonathan Worth was North Carolina's provisional governor for two terms and administered that important office until he was deposed during the rigid Reconstruction rule. The family was founded in North Carolina by Daniel Worth, great-grandfather of David G. Worth. He came to North Carolina in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The family had been established in New England during the seventeenth century and the name became inter- related by marriage with many people of prom- inence. David Worth, father of Governor Worth, was married in Massachusetts to a Miss Gardner. She was a devoted member of the Society of Friends, and in that faith Governor Worth and his brothers and sisters were reared. Most of them in time united with the Presbyterian Church, but they always retained the simplicity of manner and taste that are characteristic of the Friends. David Gaston Worth was born at Asheboro, North Carolina, December 17, 1831, and died at his home in Wilmington November 21, 1897, when nearly sixty-six years of age. His early education was acquired in his home at Asheboro. At the age of seventeen he entered the University of North Carolina, graduating as one of the first honor men in the class of 1853. In college and in after life he was associated with the Delta Kappa Epsilon HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 15 fraternity. Of his student career one of his old associates, Col. A. M. Waddell, has given the fol- lowing characterization: "Quiet, modest, manly, and kindly, he commanded the respect of faculty and students alike. He possessed more than ordi- nary ability and applied himself with diligence to his studies, while he conscientiously performed every duty. He had none of the vices or bad habits to which young men are so often inclined, although he was full of vivacity. The University never had a student of whom she could more justly be proud, and of late years has had few if any more generous benefactors." Among his class- mates at the university were Col. A. M. Waddell, Col. John D. Taylor, Col. K. 11. Murehison, Col. ■William L. DeRosset, Dubrutz Cutlar and "Walker Meares. After his graduation from university Mr. Worth married Miss Julia A. Stickney. She remained his devoted companion through all the sunshine of prosperity and through the shadows of suffering and sorrow that clouded the last months of his life. Three of their children came to maturity: Charles W. Worth, who became associated with his father in business and is elsewhere referred to; Dr. George C. Worth, who became a medical missionary in China; and James S. Worth of Wilmington. After his marriage Mr. Worth entered business in his native town of Asheboro, and in 1861 came to Wilmington as superintendent of the govern- ment salt works, a position he held throughout the war. At its close he engaged in the general commission business with Mr. N. G. Daniel under the firm name Worth & Daniel. With the death of Mr. Daniel in 1870 the firm became Worth & Worth. He developed the business of this firm to preeminent success and to a place where it could justly and easily rank with any of the greatest commercial houses of the South. More important than the volume of its business and the wide extent of its trade relationships were the qualities of justice and integrity which became associated far and wide as synonymous with the firm name. Mr. Worth served as president of the Produce Exchange and the Chamber of Commerce of Wilmington, and while he was absolutely free from ambition for political honors, he rendered a serv- ice to his city and state far beyond the possibil- ities of any political position. For several years he served as a member of the board of aldermen, was a member of Wilmington Steam Fire Engine Company No. 1, and belonged to Wilmington Lodge No. 319, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. For many years he was a trustee of the University of North Carolina, and was one of the most liberal benefactors of the Wilmington Young Men 's Christian Association. Through his church, the First Presbyterian, he gave an unexampled devo- tion. He transferred his membership to the church at Wilmington in 1864, was elected a deacon in December, 1S68, and in November, 1891, became a ruling elder. In the career of such a man the material achieve- ments and the positions he held may be passed over with brief comment. The important thing is to find the real significance and the meaning of his life and character. From out the mass of tributes paid him after his death by a host of friends and associates, all men of high position in the world's regard, only a brief quotation can be made, and of sentences that apparently come closest to striking the keynote of his life. In the memorial exercises conducted by the Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Iredell Meares said in part : ' ' The success of Mr. Worth was not the success of a brilliant hero. It was not the success of the statesman who has dealt with great state ques- tions. It was not the success of the publicist who has dealt with the great problems of finance and economics. He did not essay to influence the mul- titudes. He exerted it over the individual in the conduct of his early life. ' ' He was successful as a merchant, through honorable means, and accumulated a large fortune, but his highest success, apparently his highest aim in life, was the development of an ennobling indi- vidual manhood. "It is not the admiration that the public pays to a great man who had occupied great positions and rendered great public services with which this community today has paid its respect to his mem- ory. It is a sentiment nearer and tenderer than admiration. It is the appreciation lovingly paid to one whose universal kindness has been experienced and recognized in this community over a long period of years. ' ' As an estimate perhaps the most impressive was that conveyed by Doctor Alderman in the memorial services held at the University of North Carolina. A portion of Doctor Alderman 's address is as fol- lows: "Well born, well reared, well endowed, well educated, David Gaston Worth entered upon life as one fit and worthy of success. He found his work immediately in what we are accustomed to regard, falsely enough, as the more toilsome and more mechanical employment of trade. For over a generation in the city of Wilmington he gave the strength of his brain, his energy, his character to the work of his choice, only laying it down under the stress of declining health. "It was my fortune to know Mr. Worth much better perhaps than men of my age can usually know men of his. I knew him in his home, so clear, so just and withal so tender; I knew him in his great business, zealous, far-sighted, upright, honest as the day; I knew him in his church, humble, tolerant, heedful of every just cry of suf- fering or distress ; I knew him in the counsels of this University, silent and sagacious, but with a touch of boyish love and sentiment for Alma Mater lighting up, as with a flame, the stern self restraint of his character; I knew him in society, modest, approachable, kindly, lacking in forwardness but instant in good action, and impelling a wholesome respect and a trifle of awe by reason of the native dignity of the man and a feeling that he had not uttered all of himself. "Knowing him thus and having in mind also our great roll of distinguished men, I yet declare to you young gentlemen that this University has nourished on her broad bosom no worthier son, nor one who better used the time appointed him to live. "The spell of the world and the glamor and pride of it did not fall across his path, neither did any fevers of ambition fret and waste his well ordered days. Wealth came to him honestly won, children grew up around him worthy of his name, friends multiplied about him, duties came with power, and were not shirked. ' ' Through the inevitable conflict of life upon which we enter so often full of hope and belief and faith, and out of which we drop so soon dis- illusioned and weary and bitter, he had the strength to keep the first bloom of his youth quite unas- 16 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA sailed, and even the power, at last, to look with ealra, untroubled eyes through the awful mystery of physical pain and anguish at the glorious, dis- tant scene. And this is why a whole state has watched with sympathy at the bedside of a simple gentleman adorning a private station, as' a king might be proud to adorn his throne, and mourns the loss of one who illustrated in its highest form the dignity and majesty of republican citizenship. ' ' The thing most worthy to be learned from the life of our comrade is this — there is dignity and even glory in all upright life however hidden from public gaze, and any bit of good work into which heart and blood and nerve have gone is by that token immortal. If a man will but work, however various or lowly that work may be, whether upon the bare canvas, the unhewn stone, the human mind or heart, or merely rough labor of the hands, there shall come a splendor into his days and his work shall live. ' ' The stranger passing through Memorial Hall where we have ranged our dead, is shown this tablet and that, and told, 'here is the jurist, the statesman, the soldier or .the ruler.' ' ' The tablet bearing the name of David Gaston Worth shall commemorate a Christian gentleman, who lived the good life and did not ever fail in his work, and his fame shall vie with them all." Kemp Plummer Battle, Sr., LL. D. In the ap- plication of their talents, energies and industry to the betterment of mankind and the improvement of social and economic conditions, the members of the Battle family have long been distinguished not only in their home state of North Carolina, but throughout the South and the entire nation. One of this family is Dr. Kemp Plummer Battle, Sr., known as ' ' the grand old man ' ' of the State University of North Carolina. He was born near Louisburg, North Carolina, December 19, 1831, a son of William Horn and Lucy Martin (Plummer) Battle. He was graduated in the classical course from the University of North Carolina in 1849, and in 1852 took his Master of Arts degTee. He received the honorary degree LL. D. from Davidson College and the University of North Carolina. From 1849 to 1854 Doctor Battle was a tutor in the university and being then admitted to the bar conducted an active practice until 1876. Doctor Battle is one of the last surviving mem- bers of the recession convention of North Carolina of 1861. Prom 1866 to 1868 he served as state treasurer. In 1876 he gave up his law practice to become president of the University of North Caro- lina, and held that office until 1891. From that year until 1907 he was professor of history, and the state owes much to him for his work in original historical research. He is the author of the ' ' His- tory of the University of North Carolina" in two volumes, covering the annals of that institution from 1795 to 1868. Of the many other writings and historical monographs of which he is author or editor may be mentioned the following: His- tory of the Supreme Court of North Carolina; His- tory of Raleigh; Trials and Judicial Proceedings of the New Testament; Life of General Jethro Sumner; Old Schools and Teachers of North Caro- lina; Otway Burns — Privateer and Legislator; and Annotator of tlie Series of Snrunt Monographs. Doctor Batt'e is now retired on the Carnegie Foundation. November 28, 1855, he married Martha Ann Battle of Edo-ecombe County, North Carolina. Doctor Battle has four sons who have also gained eminent rank in the various profes- sions. K. P. Battle, Jr., is a prominent physician of Raleigh; Thomas H. Battle, banker and cotton mill owner at Rocky Mount, North Carolina; Her- bert B. Battle, formerly state chemist of North Carolina and now head of the Battle Chemical Laboratory of Montgomery, Alabama; and Wil- liam James Battle, who has served as dean and act- ing president of the University of Texas and now professor of Greek in the University of Cincinnati — sons whose character and worth are in a fine sense the continued achievements of their honored Kemp Plummer Battle, Jr., M. D. The oldest son of the venerable Dr. K. P. Battle of Chapel Hill, former president of the University of North Carolina, Dr. Kemp Plummer Battle, Jr., has long enjoyed an enviable position of prominence in the medical profession of his native state. He is a specialist in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and for thirty years has been actively associated with another great specialist of North Carolina, Dr. R. H. Lewis. Doctor Battle was born at Raleigh March 9, 1859. With the ideals a,nd inspiration that came from an ideal home life, he was also given the liberal advantages of the best schools at home and abroad. At the age of twelve he entered the Bing- ham School at Mebane under Col. William Bingham and Maj. Robert Bingham. In 1875 he entered the University of North Carolina where he was graduated A. B. in 1879. Other men of that grad- uating class who received the approbation of the world for their good deeds were Governor F. D. Winston, Judge R. W. Winston, Bishop Strange, Judge J. S. Manning, Dr. J. M. Manning and Mr. W. J. Peele. After leaving the university he began the study of medicine at Chapel Hill and in 1881 graduated M. D. from the University of Virginia. In 1882 he received a similar degree from the Bellevue Hos- pital Medical College of New York. Since 1882 he has been a member of the State Medical So- ciety. After graduation he served as interne at Charity Hospital on Blackwell 's Island, New York, and in the Blackwell 's Island Lunatic Asylum, and during 1884-85 was assistant surgeon in the United States Marine Hospital service, being stationed at New York, Pittsburgh, Memphis and New Orleans. This experience was of the greatest importance to his subsequent career. In 1886 Doctor Battle began practice at Raleigh with Dr. E. H. Lewis, and this firm existed for twenty-eight years. Then in November, 1914, Dr. John B. Wright, one of the prominent younger members of the profession in this state was ad- mitted to partnership, and the firm is now Lewis, Battle & Wright. Doctor Battle studied at the London Ophthalmic Hospital, the London Throat Hospital and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, and has taken many other post-graduate courses. He was honored as president of the Wake County Medical Society in 1913, belongs to the Raleigh Academy of Medi- cine, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Laryngology. He is one of the ophthalmolo- gists to the North Carolina State School for the Blind, one of the visiting oculists and aurists to the Rex and St. Agnes hospitals at Raleigh, is local oculist for the Seaboard Air Line Railway, and from 1885 to 1914 was professor of physiology in the Leonard Medical School, and from 1902 to 1910 was professor of diseases of throat and nose in the medical department of the University of HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 17 North Carolina. In 191.'! Doctor Battle was made a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. From 1897 to 1900 Doctor Battle was a member of the State Medical Examining Board, and in that position perhaps did his greatest service to the state at large. Referring to his work on the board one of his colleagues has said that there probably had never served on the Board of Medical Exam- iners since its organization in 1859 a member more painstaking and careful than Doctor Battle. Doctor Battle is a Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity man, belongs to the Raleigh Country Club, and is a director of the Mechanics Savings Bank of Raleigh. On February 4, 1890, he married Miss Eliza X. McKee, a daughter of the late Dr. Wil- liam H. McKee, reference to whom is made on other pages. Herbert Bemerton Battle, former chemist of the North Carolina State Board of Health, but now a resident of Montgomery, Alabama, is a son of Dr. Kemp P. Battle, former president of the Uni- versity of North Carolina. He was born at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, May 29, 1862. was educated in the university from which he received the degree Bachelor of Science in 1881, and Doctor of Philosophy in 1887. From 1881 to 1887 he was assistant chemist of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, and from 1887 to 1897 was state chemist and director in charge of the North Carolina Agricultural Ex- periment Station. Doctor Battle was president of the Southern Chemical Company at Winston, North Carolina, in 1897-1901, and from 19.02 to 1906 was connected with the Southern Cotton Oil Company at Savannah. Georgia, and Montgomery, Alabama. Since 1906 he has been president of the Battle Laboratory Corporation at Montgomery, Alabama. His service as chemist for the North Carolina State Board of Health was from 1887 to 1897. He was also chemist with the North Carolina Geologi- cal Survey from 1887 to 1892, and was professor of chemistry in the Leonard Medical School at Raleigh from 1886 to 1897. He is a fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Chemical Society, and is also widely known as an author on chemical subjects. With F. D. Dancy he is author of "Chemical Conversion Tables," published in 1885, and with W. J. Gascoyne of "Chemical Con- version Tables" published in 1909. On November 25, 1885. Doctor Battle married Alice M. Wilson of Morganton, North Carolina. William James Battle. Ph. D., dean of the faculty of the University of Texas, Austin, is a North Carolina man, one of the distinguished sons of the venerable Dr. K. P. Battle, who for many years was connected with the University of North Carolina as professor and president. Born at Raleish November 30, 1870, William J. Battle graduated with honors and the degree A. B. from the University of North Carolina in 1888. He received a Master of Arts degTee from Harvard University in 1891, and a Ph. D. degTee in 1893, holding a Thayer Scholarship one year and a Morgan Fellowship two years. For the session of 1889-1890 he was instructor in Latin at the University of North Carolina and was appointed tutor in Latin at the University of Chicago in 1893, but resigned to become associate professor of Greek at the University of Texas. This position he held till he was made professor of Greek in 1898. From 1908 to 1911 he was dean Vol. v— a of the College of Arts, and since 1911 has been dean of the faculty. Besides holding these positions he served as acting president from 1914 to 1916. He is a fellow of the Texas Academy of Science, a member of the American Philological Association, of the Archeological Institute of America, the Hellenic Society of London, the Archeological So- ciety of Athens, Greece, the Texas Historical Asso- ciation, in which he is a member of the executive council. He belongs to the Zeta Psi Fraternity, is a former president of the University Club of Austin and a former secretary of the Town and Gown Club. Richard Henry Battle, who died in 1912, was one of North Carolina 's most distinguished lawyers. Members of the Battle family that has so singularly enriched the professional honors of North Carolina he was born at Louisburg, North Carolina, December 3, 1835, son of William Horn and Lucy Martin (Plummer) Battle. ■ He was graduated A. B. and A. M. from the Uni- versity of North Carolina, receiving the former degree in 1854 and the latter in 1856, and in 1858 received his degree in the law department of the university and in 1895 was awarded the honorary title LL. D. Beginning practice in 1858 he was clerk and master in equity during 1861-62, but had in the meantime entered the Confederate army at the beginning of the war. He was nominated for first lieutenant and afterward for captain quartermaster, but resigned on account of ill health before getting his commission. During 1862-65 he was private secretary to Governor Z. B. Vance and also filled the office of state auditor. After the war he practiced law at Raleigh continuously until his death. In 1886 he was appointed judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina but declined that office. He was president and attorney of the North Carolina Home Insurance Company, director and attorney of the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh, of the Raleigh Cotton Mills, of the Neuse River Mill, was president of the trustees of Rex Hospital, the Raleigh Cemetery Association and the Rainey Library. For many years he served as a member of the State Democratic Committee and was its chairman from 1884 to 1888. He took a very prom- inent part in the Episcopal Church, serving as a delegate to the General Convention in 1889 to 1904. He was a member of the Historical Society of North Carolina and was trustee, secretary and treasurer of the University of North Carolina and a trustee and attorney of St. Mary's School at Raleigh. He married November 28, 1860, Annie Ruffin Ashe, who died in 1883. Lieutenant General D. H. Hill. As one of North Carolina 's lieutenant generals during the Confederate war, Daniel Harvey Hill has been one of the famous figures and personalities of the state for two generations, and his service record as a soldier and leader in that mighty conflict is destined to be read by every succeeding generation. It is not the purpose of this brief article to evaluate his work as a soldier. That is a large subject in itself and the data and records furnish- ing such an appreciation are to be found in many of the public works on the great war. Perhaps the most complete and adequate monograph on the subject is the "Memorial Address on the Life and Character of Lieutenant General D. H. Hill" prepared by Judge A. C. Avery of the Supreme 18 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Court of North Carolina. This was published twenty-five years ago. The present object is to furnish a concise biography of General Hill, con- taining only a suggestive outline of his military services. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His paternal grandfather William Hill, a native of the north of England, first settled in Pennsylvania and later came south with some of his fellow country- men through the Valley of Virginia and western North Carolina and settled in South Carolina. With Colonel Hayne as a partner he built in 1770 an iron foundry in York District. It was the only foundry south of Virginia where cannons were cast for the use of the Colonial armies in the Eevolution. William Hill served as lieutenant colonel of Sumpter 's Legion in the Eevolution and fought in many engagements. Colonel Hill was wounded just before the Battle of King 's Moun- tain, but he went to that field as a volunteer and was invited by the commanding officer to share in determining the plan of attack. After the war for twenty years he was representative of his dis- trict in the State Senate of South Carolina. Two of his sons served as soldiers in the War of 1812. The parents of General Hill were Solomon and Nancy (Cabeen) Hill. His mother was a daughter of Thomas Cabeen, a native Scotchman whom General Sumpter called "the bravest man in his command. ' ' Daniel Harvey Hill was born in the York District of South Carolina July 21, 1821, and was only four years old when his father died. He and four other children were reared to man- hood by their pious and cultured mother. She exacted of her sons the most rigid observance of the Sabbath. General Hill was always devoted to his religious duties, and in his constant trust in a higher power his character was very similar to that of Gen. Stonewall Jackson and General Lee. He early manifested a military ambition, and though he possessed a frail constitution and rather delicate health he was accepted for entrance to the West Point Military Academy in 1838. He was member of a famous class, some of his asso- ciates who afterwards became distinguished in the Confederate army being Generals Longstreet, A. P. Stewart, G. W. Smith, B. H. Anderson and Van Dorn. He graduated from West Point in 1842. In August, 1845, he was ordered into active service for the war with Mexico as a second lieutenant. He participated in nearly every battle fought in the commands of Scott and Taylor, rose to the rank of first lieutenant and for gallant conduct at Contreras and Cherubuseo was brevetted cap- tain. He again distinguished himself by his bravery at Chapultepec, winning for himself a second brevet as major. He was one of the six officers in the entire army in Mexico who was twice brevetted for meritorious service upon the field. Later he was one of the two soldiers of South Carolina awarded swords in pursuance of an act of the State Legislature, providing such honors for the bravest of the soldiers in the war with Mexico. At the end of the Mexican war Major Hill resigned his place in the army and became pro- fessor of mathematics in Washington College at Lexington, Virginia. Six years later he assumed the same professorship in Davidson College in North Carolina, and was connected with that institution five years. He was one of the first men in the South not only to foresee but to take action in anticipation of the inevitable conflict between the North and the South. Iu these modern times the people of America have a keen understanding of what is meant by "military preparedness. ' ' General Hill in his time exempli- fied that idea and principle in the highest degree. In 1859 he gave up his congenial duties at David- son College to become commandant and manager of the Military Institute at Charlotte. In the spring of 1861 Governor Ellis invited him as a trained soldier and veteran officer to take com- mand of the citizen soldiery of North Carolina at Ealeigh and he is distinguished as command- ing the first camp of instruction in North Caro- lina preparatory to the war between the states. In passing it should be mentioned that General Hill was a keen judge of personal military efficiency, and he designated and recommended for promotion and was instrumental in bringing out a number of men whose names the Confederacy will always honor as among its most distinguished officers. After the outbreak of hostilities he first went into action at the battle of Bethel with the rank of colonel. After this battle he was issued a com- mission as brigadier general by Governor Ellis, but the appointment was delayed until Septem- ber, 1861. During the following weeks he was assigned the command of the coast of North Carolina with the duty, as far as possible, of con- structing fortifications wherever necessary. He brought all his energies to bear upon this work, but early in December, 1861, was ordered into the army of -Northern Virginia under General Johnston. A few weeks later he was promoted to major general, and during the year 1862 he was one of the division commanders in the successive battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, and in the Seven Days battle around Mechanics- ville, Gaines Mill and Malvern Hill. He shared with his division in the hard fighting of the Maryland Campaign and at South Mountain, Sharpsburg and through all the tremendous and almost constant fighting in which these battles were central points Major General Hill and his men were almost constantly in posts of danger, stubbornly resisting the onslaught of the foe or brilliantly forcing some strategic point of the line. In February, 1863, he was at the request of Governor Vance, detached for a time from his division to assume command in the State of North Carolina. From this state he was recalled a. few weeks later to Petersburg, Virginia, and was put in command of the department extending from the James to the Cape Fear. He was in command of the troops left to defend Bichmond when Gen- eral Lee invaded Pennsylvania. In 1863 President Davis informed General Hill that he was to be appointed a lieutenant general and was ordered to report to the western army. He was one of the commanders under Bragg at the battle of Chickamauga, and as a result of the unfortunate reverses that befell the Confederate arms in that campaign General Hill reluctantly subscribed his name with those of other generals to the petition for Bragg 's removal from the office of commanding general of the western army. President Davis came to believe that General Hill was the originator of this plan, and visited him with so much ill favor that General Hill was practically deprived of any important campaign until the last months of the war. President Davis did not send the name of General Hill for confirmation as lieutenant general and the latter HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 19 was not reinstated in command of his corps until Sherman's forces had begun the invasion of the Carolinas. He was assigned the duty of impeding, with the remnant of the grand Army of Tennessee, the advance of the victorious hosts of Sherman and disputed that advance until "it was useless to contend further. As one biographer states: ' ' Hill 's reputation as a soldier depends in no wise upon successful running. This final retreat was the first and last in which he took a leading part. ' ' After the war General Hill devoted himself to journalism and teaching. He was editor of The Land We Love and subsequently of The Southern Home and through these publications he did much to defend the dignity and reputation of the heroes and leaders of the Lost Cause. His editorials and his opinions upon a great variety of subjects are characterized by terse and clear language as a result of his habits of thought and study. He also wrote two religious works. To conclude this sketch should be quoted the last two paragraphs of Judge Avery's Memorial Address: ' ' Unmoved in the presence of danger, schooled to hide his emotion for suffering in the critical time of battle, and forced by a sense of duty to show his bitter scorn for cowardice and treachery, it was the exclusive privilege of his family, his staff and his closest friends to fathom the depths of his true nature. The soldiers who saw him on camp or field could as little conceive of the humble Christian who, in the long hours of the night, pleaded with his God to spare their lives and save their souls, as they could of the affectionate father, the loving husband, the sympathizing friend, and the bountiful benefactor of the poor and helpless, known only to the favored few. A writer who in his last days was admitted to J the inner circle of his friends, has so beautifully expressed his idea of his true character that I cannot do better than reproduce it as not an overdrawn picture from the standpoint of one who served on his staff, had free access to his home circle, and observed and studied his motives and conduct: ' ' ' Fancy a man in whom the grim determina- tion of a veteran warrior is united to a gentle tenderness of manner which would not be inappro- priate to the most womanly of women ; affix a pair of eyes that possess the most indisputably honest and kindly expression; animate him with a mind clear, deep and comprehensive, and imbued with a humor as rich as it is deep and effective; infuse man and mind with a soul which in its lofty views compels subordination of the material to the spiritual, and holds a supreme trust in the wisdom and goodness of the Almighty — is zealous in the discharge of duty and looks with scorn on all that is mean and sinful. Add to all these a carriage that is indomitable, and a love of truth and honor which is sublime, and you have the earthly embodiment of D. H. Hill ! ' " ■ General Hill married November 2, 1852, Isabella Morrison, oldest, daughter of Rev. Dr. B. H. Morrison. Her grandfather- General Joseph Graham was a distinguished soldier of the Revolution and father of Governor William A. Graham. Daniel Harvey Hill, of Raleigh, formerly president of the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering, is sprung from a. family of educators and writers. His father was president of the University of Arkansas and his grandfather was president of the Davidson College. Doctor Hill resigned the presidency of the State College in July, 1916, in order to write North Carolina's Confederate Military History. The volumes on which he is now engaged will give the social as well as the military history of North Carolina during the Civil War. The work is being done on a foundation endowed by Mr. Robert H. Ricks, of Rocky Mouut. The con- dition of Mr. Ricks' endowment of the Founda- tion through the North Carolina Confederate Veterans' Association was that Dr. Hill could be secured to prepare these memorial volumes. Under these circumstances he felt it his duty to resign from an institution with which he had been con- nected for twenty-seven years and devote his remaining years to the history of his people dur- ing the most trying episode in their existence. Doctor Hill was born at Davidson College in 1859. He is a son of Lieut.-Gen. Daniel Harvey Hill, of the Confederate army, and a great-grand- son of Col. William Hill of the Revolutionary war. His mother, Isabella Morris Hill, was a daughter of Rev. R. H. Morrison and a granddaughter of Gen. Joseph Graham of the Revolution. Doctor Hill was prepared for college at the Military Institute at Charlotte and at Horner and Grave's Military Academy at Hillsboro. In 1880 he was graduated from Davidson College. In 1885 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred on him, and in 1905 the degree of Lit. D. by the same institution. In 1910 the University of North Carolina conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws. From 1880 to 1889 he was professor of Eng- lish in the Georgia Military and Agricultural College at Milledgeville. In 1889 he was called to the Chair of English in the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and held that position until 1908, when he was elected president to succeed Pres. George T. Winston. He served as president until 1916, when he retired to devote his life to historical work. For years Doctor Hill has been employing his talents for research and his literary ability in preserving the history of his state. He is the author of "North Carolina Troops in the Civil War," published in 1899; "Greene's Retreat," a booklet issued in 1901; "Young People's His- tory of North Carolina," published in 1907. In collaboration with two of his associates he aided in 1903 in the preparation of ' ' Agriculture for Beginners, ' ' a widely used text-book, and with the same associates edited the "Hill Readers," a series of five volumes, published in 1906. Many other of his articles on historical and literary subjects have been printed in magazines and pamphlets. Having an industrious temperament and a versatile mind, Doctor Hill has never been content to spend all his time in his study or in the shadow of college walls. He has been an active partici- pant in many forms of state and national life. He was one of the founders of the State Literary and Historical Association and of the Southern Educational Association. He was president of the State Teachers ' Assembly in 1909, of the State Forestry Association in 1910, of the State Folk Lore Society in 1916. For some years he was a member of the Executive Committee of the American Association of Agricultural colleges. In 1907 Governor Glenn appointed him a member of the North Carolina Historical Commission. At the opening of the great European war he accepted the Chairmanship of the North Carolina 20 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Council of Defense, and has organized and developed that useful body of zealous workers. In July 1885, he married Pauline White, daughter of Dr. Samuel G. White of Milledge- ville, Georgia. Doctor and Mrs. Hill have five children, namely, Pauline, Daniel Harvey, Jr., Elizabeth, Samuel White, and Randolph. Alexander. Eodntree Foushee. The founding and maintaining of large business enterprises which have entered into and been a part of the life of a community, are achievements in which any man may take a measure of pride as years pass by, whatever else he may worthily have accom- plished. One who has had much to do with the important business interests of Roxboro for many years, is Alexander Rountree Foushee, who is president of the Peoples Bank of this city. Alexander Rountree Foushee was born March 31, 1839, in Person County, North Carolina, prob- ably of Revolutionary stock, and certainly of stable and dependable ancestral lines. His parents were Adnah Campbell and Frances (Rountree) Foushee. His father in the old days, was a farmer and a manufacturer of furniture. He reared his family in comparative comfort and his children were set an example of industry and uprightness. When Alexander R. Foushee was a boy, the private tutor and the private schools were general educational features in the South rather more fre- quently perhaps at that time than in the North, where the public school system was a little earlier inaugurated, but after his preliminary training was over, the youth attended an academy at Lees- burg. A natural inclination toward a business life led to his becoming a clerk in a general store and he was learning the mercantile business at the time the Civil war became a fact. He entered the Confederate army and because of his clerk- ing experience, was detailed clerk in the office of Col. Peter Matille, at Raleigh and continued as military clerk until the end of the war, when he returned to private life. In 1865 Mr. Foushee embarked in the mercantile business at Roxboro and for thirty-five years was the leading merchant here, carrying a heavy stock and supplying merchandise to a wide territory. He did not confine his energies, however, to one line, of activity, but interested himself in various directions and gave substantial encouragement to many enterprises that have since become prosper- ous. Mr. Foushee carried on farming for many years, operated a tannery and also engaged in the manufacture of tobacco for the market, and was one of the first capitalists to recognize the expedi- ency of starting what has become the great cotton mill industry. At present he is vice president of the Roxboro Cotton Mill, and since. 1915, has been president of the Peoples Bank. While his busi- ness interests have often been absorbing, Mr. Foushee has not forgotten the responsible position in which a capitalist stands in relation to his com- munity and fellow citizens, and his liberality to worthy causes has many times been shown. He has acceptably filled positions of public trust, serv- ing for many years as a magistrate, also one term as county treasurer, and was county commissioner two years and trustee of Wake Forest College many years. Mr. Foushee was married first on January 5, 1869, to Miss Bettie Wilkerson, of Person County, who was survived by three sons: Judge Howard Alexander, deceased, mentioned on other pages; William Linwood of Durham, also mentioned on other pages, who is a practicing attorney; and James Louis, who died while preparing for a medical career. The second marriage of Mr. Foushee took place on July 17, 1906, to Miss Alice M. Tucker, who belongs to a rather noted old family of Charlotte County, Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Foushee are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. For many years he was identified with the Masonic Fraternity at Roxboro and has been a member of the chapter at Hillsboro, North Carolina. Howard Alexander Foushee was born at Rox- boro, Person . County, North Carolina, May 13, 1870, and died at Durham January 31, 1916, in his forty-sixth year. Death came to him early. But few men at any age are able to leave behind them sucli clear-cut and distinctive records of undoubted high service, a living under the highest ideals, and finished and perfected achievements. A host of friends, leaders of the bench and bar, the public press, the pulpit, all bore tribute to his life, and to describe his career and furnish a just and adequate appreciation of the manner of man he was is a task limited only by the handicap of space and involving a selection of the more pertinent things that have been written and spoken. He was well described as one of the gentlest, one of the strongest, one of the purest of men, and the facts which bear out that testimony are per- haps most succinctly and fittingly stated by James S. Manning of Raleigh, former justice of the Su- preme Court of North Carolina, and at one time a law partner of Judge Foushee. Judge Manning made the memorial address to Mr. Foushee at the meeting of the North Carolina Bar Association, and from the minutes of that association the fol- lowing sentences are largely taken. The oldest son of Alexander R. and Elizabeth Foushee, he was reared in his native town of Rox- boro, where he attended the public schools and later Henderson Academy. In 1885 he entered Wake Forest College, and was graduated as val- edictorian of his class at the commencement of 1889, having attained the Master of Arts degree in four years. He taught school as so many lawyers have done to test the accuracy of their scholarship, to have the time to digest more thoroughly their own learning, to have time to read and think, to study character as it is manifested and developed in children and to earn a livelihood. Judge Foushee taught in Selma, Durham, Charlotte and in Mur- freesboro, beginning the study of law in the last named place under Judge B. B. Winborne. He completed his law course at the University of North Carolina in the summer of 1893 and was licensed to practice at the fall term of that year. About November 1, 1893, he entered the law of- fice of J. S. Manning at Durham and the partner- ship of Manning & Foushee was then formed, which continued until June, 1909, when the senior member was appointed to the Supreme Court bench of the state. Mr. Foushee represented Durham County in the Legislature of 1899, and was a senator from the Durham District in 1901 and 1905. Upon the resignation of Judge Biggs as the judge of the Superior Court of that district, Judge Foushee was appointed his successor on September 11, 1911, but was compelled on account of ill health to resign on September 21, 1913. For several years Judge Foushee was the chairman of the Demo- cratic Executive Committee of Durham, and under HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 21 his careful, wise and efficient leadership the demo- cratic party did not fail to carry tie county; and it has since been continuously democratic. Judge Foushee was an organizer of great ability; he was painstaking, active, persistent and wise. He took no chances and wasted no opportunity to strengthen his party. He knew the people of his county well and they knew and trusted him. A man of the highest character, of unyielding in- tegrity, of the highest sense of honor, of clean life, of splendid common sense, he made an ideal leader, implicitly trusted by his fellows. As a lawyer he was careful, studious, wise in counsel, addressing his thought and research to the main questions involved. As a man he was of the strictest integrity, gentle, considerate, sincere, sympathetic, always ready to advise and counsel his younger brethren. As a citizen he possessed strong and well considered opinions, always advocating those measures which made for the uplift and betterment of his community. When his own judgment and conscience approved a measure, he became its fearless advocate, but while fearless in its advocacy he was neither rash nor abusive of those who might differ from him. His nature was too gentle and his wisdom too broad, to permit him to indulge in abuse as the means to strengthen a righteous and just cause. As a friend he was loyal and devoted, no under- taking was too great for him to attempt for his friends, but he was withal frank and candid. As a judge of the Superior Court he was dig- nified, impartial, courteous, deeply conscientious in his efforts to discharge his duties in such a way as to have the approval of his judgment and his conscience, and in such a way as accorded with his conception of how should be discharged the duties of the most important and useful office in our system of Government. Of his service on the bench I quote the language of R. H. Sykes of the Durham bar in his address at the memorial ceremony of the Durham lawyers: "In the two years during which Judge Foushee presided over our Superior Court he visited many counties of the state and from every section the judgment of those with whom he came in contact was that in temperament, character, ability and industry, and with all the qualities that go with the making of a judge of this honorable court, he was ideally endowed. To the lawyers practicing before him he was courteous and affable, firm and resolute in his judgment ; to the court officials, witnesses and litigants he was agreeable and sociable. And to all classes he was the same straightforward, high- minded Christian gentleman that he had been dur- ing all the previous years of his life. Elevation to high and responsible public office did not cor- rode the pure gold of his nature, nor affect him with those vanities which under similar conditions so often betoken the littleness of human nature. His court was one of dignity without austerity; of accomplishment without bluster, and of justness without harshness." "Having known Judge Foushee intimately for many years," says Judge Manning, "I can say that he was the most dependable man I have ever known — dependable in judgment, in friendship, in character, in integrity, in his common sense and in the correctness of his conclusions and in his convictions. His life was so well spent and he so lived that when 'his summons came to join the innumerable caravan' it found him ready with the simple faith and assured confidence of an earnest and devoted Christian." To the words of Judge Manning, charged with fullness of meaning and appreciation, it would be difficult to add from the numerous other tributes at hand anything that would give a more adequate estimate of the iife and services of Judge Foushee. The one other quotation permissable is from the Raleigh News and Observer, which contained the following editorial : ' ' The early days of a man 's life are the days which tell in the after years. From that reason it could but be expected that Howard Alexander Foushee would prove a man of the staunch and true kind. That was the influence of the home surroundings of young Foushee in the days in which he grew to manhood in Roxboro. Straight- forwardness and honesty have ever been marked in the life of the sons of Alexander R. Foushee. "And so former Judge Howard Foushee passes into the Beyond, leaving a high name as a heritage for his children. Forty-six years God gave him, and in those forty-six years he rendered good ac- count of himself in his profession, as a citizen, and in his home life. A Wake Forest graduate, the valedictorian of his class, a graduate in law of the University of North Carolina, he took high place at the bar in Durham, where he located after teaching school for a while. His ability and devotion to principle recognized, he became the democratic chairman in Durham County, repre- sented it in both the house and senate, making reputation of the best as a legislator. Later as a Superior Court judge he added to his reputation, winning encomiums because of his conduct of the courts, the ability with which he presided. ' ' Howard Foushee was of the best type of the young manhood of the state. To know him was to esteem him and the great number of friends whom he won and held found in him a man of the worthy kind, of high ideals, and of faithful service. There will be deep grief among all who knew him that he has been called to answer the final summons. ' ' April 13, 1904, Judge Foushee married Miss Annie Wall, only daughter of Hon. Henry Clay Wall of Rockingham. Surviving the honored hus- band and father are Mrs. Foushee and three chil- dren, Annie Wall, Frances Leak, and Alexander Foushee. William Linwood Foushee, one of the most scholarly members of the Durham bar, represents a family with steadfast ideals of honor, integrity, and the polish and culture of the old and the new South. He was born at Roxboro, Person County, North Carolina, a son of Alexander Rountree and Eliza- beth (Wilkerson) Foushee. His father was a merchant and farmer, and not only was the tamily position a most creditable one in the economic af- fairs of Roxboro but the home associations were such as to afford an ideal environment in which young men might grow up and prepare for worthy achievement in the world. Mr. Foushee was the second of three brothers. The oldest was the late Judge Howard A. Foushee, concerning whom an extended sketch appears on other pages. The other and youngest brother, James L. Foushee, died in 1906. William L. Foushee was educated in the Rox- boro schools, in Wake Forest College, and in 1900 received the degree of Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins University .at Baltimore, and brings, therefore, scholarship to his work in the legal profession. Before taking up the law he spent a number of 22 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA years in college work, having the Chair of Latin for one year in Mercer University at Macon, Georgia, and for eight years was a member of the faculty of Richmond College in Virginia. In the meantime he studied law at Eichmond College and later in the University of North Carolina. He was licensed to practice law in 1909, and since then has been in general practice at Durham, being an associate of his brother Howard until the latter went on the bench. His interest extends also to civic and social activities of the city in which he lives; he is a director of the Durham Traction Company, president of the Durham Chamber of Commerce, director of the Young Men 's Christian Association, a member of the North Carolina and American Bar Associations, and belongs to the Country Club and the Commonwealth Club of Dur- ham. William Thomas Wilson, a well known and prominent lawyer of Winston-Salem, represents the sixth consecutive generation of the Wilson family in North Carolina. An old Colonial family, it has furnished a large number of worthy men. and women to the useful service of the state whether in private or public capacity. The founder of the family in North Carolina was William Wilson, a native of Scotland. He emigrated to the American colonies in 1720, locat- ing in Perquimans County, in what is now the State of North Carolina. He possessed all the rectitude and thrift of the typical Scotchman, and did his task as a pioneer thoroughly. Securing a tract of land, he improved a plantation, and spent the rest of his days in Perquimans County. His son, Thomas Wilson, was a native of Per- quimans County and spent all his life there. The Christian name Thomas has been a characteristic in practically all the successive generations of the family. This Thomas Wilson, of the second gen- eration, was married about 1770 to Elizabeth Newby. Both were faithful members of the Quaker Church. Thomas Wilson, of the third generation, grew up on the plantation in Perquimans County and from there moved to the western part of the state to Stokes County. He bought land west of Ker- nersville but several years later moved to Salem and leased the community tavern known as the Old Salem Tavern, which was operated under his supervision as a landlord for some years. This early pioneer of Forsyth County was born in 1783. Though not a member of the Moravian Church his remains were laid to rest in the Moravian grave- yard. He married Elizabeth Johnston, who died when nearly ninety years of age and was laid to rest in the Winston Cemetery. The City of Winston pays special honor to the memory of the late Thomas Johnston Wilson of the fourth North Carolina generation of the family. Thomas Johnston Wilson was born on a plantation near Kernersville, in what was then Stokes but is now Forsyth County, in 1815. He received most of his early training in the Clem- monsville Academy, and studied law with George C. Mendenhall at Greensboro. He was licensed to practice in 1840. He soon afterwards settled on the present site of Winston. There he had the distinction of erecting the first house. That house was at what is now the corner of Main and Second streets. On the building that now occupies the site is attached a bronze tablet commemorating the fact that here was the first building erected in Winston and also that its builder was the lawyer and citizen whose name has so many prominent associations. Thomas J. Wilson opened an office for practice at Salem, and continued a member of the Forsyth County bar for fully half a cen- tury. He died in 1900 at the age of eighty-five. His wife, whose name was Julia E. Lindsay was a native of Guilford County, North Carolina, died when about sixty-four. Thomas J. Wilson was always prominent in public affairs. He served as county solicitor for Davidson and Stokea County, and when Forsyth County was organized he filled the same position for that county. He was a member of the convention called to vote upon the question of secession at the beginning of tne war. His personal views were against seces- sion, and he voted that the matter should be referred to the people, but was overruled by a majority of the convention and afterwards he signed his name to the articles of secession. In 1874, after he had b' ?n in practice for more than a generation, he was elected judge of the Eighth Judicial District, and served six months. In 1876 he was elected to the State Senate, and for several terms was mayor of Winston. Among other things he deserves to be remembered as one of the founders of Presbyterianism in Winston. He organized the first Presbyterian Church in 1860 and donated the land on which the church edifice now stands. For many years he was a ruling elder in the congregation. He and his wife reared three children: Thomas A., Josephine E. and Edgar H. Edgar H. Wilson, of the fifth generation of the family, was born in Winston and was an active business man for many years uitil his death in 1915 at the age of fifty-seven. He served several years as treasurer of the City of Winston and four years as postmaster. For about twenty years he was manager of the Bell Telephone Company. Edgar H. Wilson married Lula A. Champion, who was born in Granville County, North Carolina, daughter of Charles W. and Edna (Thompson) Champion. Her father, a native of North Caro- lina, was a planter in that section of Granville County which is now Vance County. At the out- break of the war he went away as captain of a cavalry company in the Confederate army and was attached to the famous Pickett's Brigade. He was killed in the memorable charge of that brigade at Gettysburg. Mrs. Edgur H. Wilson is still liv- ing at Winston. Her five children were: William T., Edna E., Henry L., Elsie T., and Elizabeth. William Thomas Wilson, whose line of ancestry has thus been briefly traded, was born at Winston- Salem May 10, 1884. He attended the public schools of Winston, the Salem Boys' School and then entered the University of North Carolina, where he took the course of the law department and was graduated in 1905. Since then he has been in active practice at Winston and has acquired a reputation as a skillful lawyer and gained much prominence in the bar and in the ranks of public spirited citizens. In 1909 he married Miss Alice Franklin. She was born in Winston, daughter of Walter E. and Alice (Bawls) Franklin, both natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have three children : William T., Jr., Thomas J. and Franklin. The family are members of the West End Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Wilson belongs to Twin City Camp No. 27, Woodmen of the World. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 23 Joseph Conrad Watkins, D. D. S. Of the va- rious professions to which men of talent, ability and broad mental capacity are devoting their lives, not one is of more importance and practical value to mankind than that of dental surgery, a fact that each year is becoming more and more widely recognized. Realizing the pressing need of more scientific methods in the care of teeth, Joseph C. Watkins, D. D. S., of Winston-Salem, one of the foremost dentists, not only of his city, county, and state, but of the United States, is giving his entire attention to his profession, and through con- stant study and experiment is contributing ma- terially toward the perfecting of dentistry as mod- ernly practiced. A son of Dr. Charles J. Watkins, he was born in Yadkin County, North Carolina, November 27, 1873, of pioneer ancestry. His great -grandfather, Joseph Watkins, a Virginian by birth, came to North Carolina when young, and having purchased land in Guilford County, was there engaged in farming until his death, in 1810. Abel Watkins, the doctor's grandfather, was born in Guilford County, and there grew to man- hood. He, too, made farming his life work, and having settled in Forsyth County, near Kerners- ville, was there employed in agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1872. He married Hannah Teague, a daughter of Isaac Teague, of Davidson County, and to them eleven children were born. Charles J. Watkins was born on the home farm, near Kernersville, August 4, 1836, and began his education in the district schools. Later, after at- tending Smith Grove Academy, he taught school in Forsyth, Davie and Davidson counties. Abandon- ing the teacher 's desk in 1862, he enlisted as a private in the Sixteenth North Carolina Battalion, and was made first sergeant of his company, later being promoted to brigade forage sergeant, and continuing as such' to the close of the conflict. In 1S66, he entered the Old Pennsylvania Dental College, from which he was graduated in the fall of 1S68. Beginning the practice of dentistry in Kernersville, he remained there until 1873, when he removed to Salem, where he was one of the leading dentists during the remainder of his life, his death occurring there June 14, 1900. Dr. Charles J. Watkins married, in 1873, Flora C. Conrad. She was born in Yadkin County, a daughter of John Joseph and Elizabeth (Stauber) Conrad, and granddaughter of John and Catherine (Romig) Conrad, whose ancestors emigrated from Germany to this country, and settled as pioneers in North Carolina. Her father was a successful agriculturist of Yadkin County, and at his death his body was interred beside that of his wife in the family burying ground, on the home plantation. Although Mr. Conrad was an extensive holder of slaves, he never sold but two, and they were in- corrigible. Dr. Charles J. Watkins was one of the charter members of the North Carolina State Dental So- ciety, and served as a member of its examining board. He was a devoted member of the First Baptist Church, in which he served as a deacon for dnnny years, and was one of the prime movers in the building of both the old and the new church edifices of that denomination. He was an earnest advocate of temperance, even at a time when many in favor of that movement hesitated to admit their interest in the cause. He and his good wife, who now resides in Winston, on Main Street, reared three children, namely: Josenh Conrad; William Henry; and Alice Elizabeth, wife of Talcott N. Brewer, of Raleigh, North Carolina, William Henry is proprietor of a large book and stationery store in Winston-Salem, and his daugh- ter, Mildred Elizabeth, is a pupil in Meredith Col- lege, at Raleigh. After his graduation from the Boys' School in Salem, Joseph Conrad Watkins entered Wake Forest College, from which he was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1897. In the meantime, with characteristic ambition, he had taken, in the same institution, the full course in law, and was grad- uated with the degree of LL. B. In addition to completing both the literary and the law course during the four years he was in that institution, Mr. Watkins was assistant teacher of chemistry. In February, 1897, going before the Supreme Court for examination, he obtained a license to practice law, and was admitted to the bar, being introduced in Winston-Salem by Hon. J. C. Buxton. From early childhood, Doctor Watkins had been actively interested in his father 's dental work, be- coming familiar with its details in the office, and even though he had begun the practice of law, he concluded to follow the profession in which his father was engaged. With that purpose in view, he entered the dental department of the Univer- sity of Maryland, in Baltimore, in 1898, and was there graduated in May, 1900. Being licensed to practice dentistry in North Carolina, he became associated with his father, who was then critically ill, and who died two weeks later. Soon after entering upon his professional career, Doctor Watkins joined the North Carolina Dental Society, and has continued an active and valued member since, having served in various official posi- tions, including that of president. He is also an active member of the local and district societies, and is a charter member, and ex-president of the Winston Dental Society. In 1902 the doctor joined the National Dental Association, of which he has since been an active member, and was an active member of the southern branch of that organiza- tion during its existence. Doctor Watkins has several times given clinics at both the state and national meetings. He gave one at the Jamestown Dental Congress, and was on the program for a clinic in prophylaxis at the dental congress held in San Francisco, but was prevented from attending by serious illness in his family. The doctor wrote an interesting article giving the result of his experiments with blue light in dental work. In commenting on an article written by Doctor Watkins, and printed in the ' ' Dental Cosmos, ' ' the Scientific American gave the doctor credit for having been the first to dis- cover, and give to the world, the "Blue Light" treatment in dentistry. Among the more important of the papers which the doctor has written, was the one read before the North Carolina Dental Society, at Moorehead City, in 1904, entitled "After Porcelain, What?" In that paper, he treated dental science from its cradle up to porcelain filling, which marks the latest touch in dental art and science. He said "We must progress, and the next step must be prevention. ' ' That a well developed tooth, kept perfectly clean, will not decay, was the keynote of his carefully and intelligently prepared paper. The doctor suggested that each dentist should as- sume charge, dental charge, of five or six infants each year, from the beginning keeping their teeth clean, and watch results. He also insisted that sterilization of all dental instruments was abso- 24 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA lutely neeessary. The doctor now has in his care several hundred persons whose teeth are absolutely perfect. Later, after having been a guest at the home, in Philadelphia, of Dr. D. D. Smith, a dentist of national repute, Doctor Watkins wrote an article on ' ' Prophylaxis, ' ' and read it before the same society. Doctor Watkins, like Doctor Smith, of whom he is a disciple, is a strong advocate of oral prophylaxis. In his actual practice, Doctor Wat- kins insists that his patients shall come to him each month for a systematic polishing of their teeth, which practically prevents decay. During the last few years, the doctor has given much at- tention to the treatment of pyorrhea, or Riggs disease, and to the treatment of oral abscesses, which he contends contribute largely to many of the diseases to which human flesh is heir. In diag- nosing these conditions, the X-ray is used. The removal of diseased bones, directed by the X-ray, often enables nature to overcome conditions seem- ingly chronic. Doctor Watkins married, June 24, 1903, Irene Montague. She was born in Winston-Salem, a daughter of Dr. Seth J. and Ella (Starbuck) Montague. Five children have blessed the union of Doctor and Mrs. Watkins, namely: Joseph Con- rad, Jr.; Richard Montague; Mary Elizabeth, who died in infancy; William Henry; and Eleanor Starbuck. Fraternally Doctor Watkins is a member of Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Order of Masons; of Winston Chapter No. 24, Eoyal Arch Masons; of Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar; of Salem Lodge No. 14, Junior Order of United American Mechanics; of Salem Lodge No. 56, Knights of Pythias; and of Twin City "Tribe No. 27, Woodmen of the World. He is an active member of the First Baptist Church, of which he has been a deacon since 1901. Samuel Simpson Nash, of Tarboro, was one of the youngest volunteers to serve in the Confederate Army, and since the war has pursued a very active business career and has enjoyed many distinctions of civic and private life. He was born at Hillsboro April 23, 1848, a son of Henry K and Mary (Simpson) Nash. As a boy he was educated in private schools and was only sixteen toward the close of the war when he enlisted in Company G of the Twenty-Seventh North Carolina Infantry. Later he was captured at Petersburg and made a prisoner and was thus held until the close of hostilities. The war over, he found work as clerk at Wilmington with the Wilmington and Manchester Railway, and after that for several years was employed in various stores and mercantile houses. At Tarboro Mr. Nash conducted one of the leading mercantile establishments from 1872 to 1891, and after that for twenty years was a prom- inent cotton buyer. Since 1911 he has been secre- tary and treasurer of the Edgecombe Homestead and Loan Association. He has served as a mem- ber of the graded school board since its organiza- tion, was for four years treasurer of Edgecombe County, and has always been a prominent member of the Episcopal Church, which he has served as vestryman forty years and for a period of thirty years conducted as superintendent several Sunday schools in the country districts. April 23, 1878, he married Annie Gray Cheshire, of Tarboro. Her parents were Rev. Joseph Blount and Elizabeth (Parker) Cheshire. Mr. and Mrs. Nash have six children : Joseph C. ; Elizabeth,, wife of Henry Johnston, attorney and farmer of Tarboro; Arabella Parker, wife of Judge Albert L. Cox, of Raleigh; Annie Gray, widow of Allen Jones Ruffin; Samuel Simpson, Jr., who was in the banking business and is now in the United States army in France, being First Lieutenant of Co. M. Three Hundred and Seventh Infantry; and Pembroke, still at home in Tarboro. Jude Palmer is a lawyer at Winston-Salem. He is an alumni of the University of North Caro- lina, a man of thorough education, and has shown much ability and skill in his profession. He also represents in direct line of descent one of the very old and prominent families of North Carolina. He stands in the sixth generation from the founder of the name in this colony. His American progenitor was Robert Palmer, a native of County Kent, England. He waB liberally educated and was prepared for the Government service. He was sent to America as Lord Surveyor of the Colony of North Carolina. Among other services he and his son William were instrumental in build- ing the first church erected in the colony at Bath, North Carolina. A tablet in the old church perpetuates his memory. He was also a member of Governor Dobbs council. William Palmer, of the second generation, served as a colonel in the Colonial Guards. Robert Palmer of the third generation, was born at Bath in Beaufort County, North Caro- lina, and was sent abroad to complete his educa- tion. He was a student in England at Cambridge when the Revolutionary war broke out. Though he desired to return to his native colony, he was prevented and remained almost a prisoner in England until the war was over. On returning to America he removed to Montgomery County, North Carolina, wihere hps grandfather had obtained a large land grant. From there he came to the Deep River country in Lee County, where there was another large family grant. With slave labor Robert Palmer improved a large estate, and lived there until his death. He mar- ried a Miss Aulston, whose family name is frequently spelled Allston. Both he and his wife are buried in the Palmer Cemetery near Sanford in Lee County. Orren A. Palmer, of the fourth American gen- eration, and grandfather of Jude Palmer, was born near Sanford in Lee County, North Carolina, and inherited upwards of 3,000 acres of land, in Randolph County. He developed that as a large plantation and continued its management until his death at the age of sixty-nine. The maiden name of his wife was Sylvinia Staley. She was a native of Germany, and came to America with her parents, who settled in Randolph County. She died at the age sixty-five years, having reared eight sons. Four of them, John, Norman, Alex- ander and Orren Dates saw active service in the Confederate Army. John met his death in the three days' battle of Gettysburg. Orren Dates Palmer, who was born in Lee County, was but seventeen years of age and weighed only eighty pounds when he enlisted and joined the Junior Reserves. With his command he went to Fort Fisher and soon after his arrival was detailed for service in the hospital. A few weeks before the close of the war he joined Wheeler's Cavalry, and though not enrolled as a member remained with that organization in its- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 25 various movements and was surrendered with that command. When the war was over he sought the quiet voca- tion of agriculture on a place of 500 acres in the Deep River Grant. He adapted himself to the new conditions imposed by the war, proved successful, and subsequently bought 2,000 acres of land. After his marriage he built and re-weatherboarded a large colonial log house, which with subsequent additions and improvements makes an exceedingly comfortable home and there he still resides. Orren Dates Palmer married Mattie Edwards Farrer. She was born near Jonesboro in Lee Countv, North Carolina, daughter of Gaston and Eliza" (Whitfield) Farrer. Eliza Whitfield was the daughter of the famous preacher Whitfield. Orren D. Palmer and wife have reared seven children: Jude, Rebecca, Dora, Augustus, Sabra, Eliza Whitfield, and Phoebe. Of such an ancestry any man may well be proud. It is an inspiration to personal achieve- ment, and Jude Palmer has not been unconscious of the traits and character of his forefathers and has exerted himself to the best of his ability to realize in his own career what might have been expected of him through earlier members of the family. He was born on his father 's plantation near Sanford in Lee County, July 10, 1882. His early education was acquired in the rural schools and he was also a student at Milford Col- lege. In 1903 he entered the University of North Carolina, where he remained five years in the literary and law departments and completed the law course there. On being admitted to the bar he first located at Pittstown, two years later went to Greensboro, and in 1907 came to Winston- Salem. Here he has practiced with growing ability and success to the present time. In February, 1910, Mr. Palmer married Bessie Estell Reich. She was born at Salem, a daughter of Joseph Reich. Mr. and Mrs. Palmer have two children: Helen and Orren Dates. Mr. Palmer was reared in the Episcopal faith and is now a teacher in the church Sunday school. Mrs. Palmer is a member of the Home Moravian Church. Mr. Palmer is a member of the Merchants and Manufacturers Club of Greensboro and belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Jerome B. Flora. One of the men of enter- prise and stable character who had much to do with the upbuilding of modern Elizabeth City was the late Jerome B. Flora, for many years a leading merchant here and the founder of the present wholesale grocery house that perpetuates his name and is conducted by his sons. Not only was Mr. Flora a shrewd, keen business man, with the foresight that discovered opportunities for investment and the good judgment that made these unfailingly profitable, but he possessed that broad spirit of enterprise that aroused others and led them to co-operate with him in bringing ahout many progressive movements that set the business tide in the direction of commercial pros- perity. Jerome B. Flora -was born in Currituck Coun- ty, North Carolina, and died at his home in Elizabeth City on June 15, 1914. His early years were spent on a farm hut the commercial instinct in him was strong and while yet a young man he embarked in the mercantile business at Shjloh, North Carolina. The misfortune that he met with there, in losing his store and stock by fire, proved fortunate for Elizabeth City, to which place he came in 1874 and established himself in business on the corner of Water and Fearing Streets, where he continued until 1877, when he sold to other parties and moved to Norfolk, Vir- ginia. Mr. Flora was engaged in business at Norfolk until 1883, and then returned to Eliza- beth City, which remained his home during the liest of his busy and useful life. He invested in property, all of which he improved with fine, substantial buildings, erecting several of the hand- some business blocks that are a credit to Eliza- beth City and included in his building operations the construction of his own big wholesale house, one of the largest wholehouse grocery houses in Eastern North Carolina. Mr. Flora amassed a large fortune and was officially or otherwise connected with some of the city 's most important interests. He was pres- ident of the Savings Bank, and was vice president of the Elizabeth City Hosiery Mills, one of the very successful industries of this section. He was a liberal contributor to churches and schools and all worthy enterprises aroused his interest and gained his support. He was essentially a business man and political honors did not par- ticularly appeal to him. In his death Elizabeth City lost one of her most able business men and most honorable and upright citizens. Mr. Flora was twice married, first to Miss Ida Albertson, and second to Miss Allie Albertson. His five children survive, namely: two daughters, Mrs. S. H. Johnson and Alice Virginia, and three sons, Jerome B., Jr., and Edward, who are now in the United States Army with the Three Hundred and Fifth Sanitary Train, Three Hundred and Seventeenth Ambulance Company, and Howard, also in the United States Army with the Three Hundred and Fifth Sanitary Train, Three Hun dred and Twentieth Ambulance Company. Emmett C. Willis. Noteworthy among the active and successful attorneys of Wilkes County is Emmett C. Willis, of North Wilkesboro, who possesses an excellent knowledge of law, and through his legal skill has won for himself an assured position at .the bar. A native of Stokes County, North Carolina, he was born in Meadows Township October 29, 1878, the descendant of an old Virginian family, his father, William E. Willis, and his grandfather, Joseph Willis, having been born in Halifax County, Virginia. Joseph Willis followed the trade of a blacksmith and wagon ironer in Virginia until 1848. In that years he came with his family to North Carolina, and having located in Stokes County established a smithy in Sauraton Township. An expert work- man, he soon secured a liberal patronage, and being an equally good financier he acquired con- siderable property, at his death in 1881 leaving a valuable estate. He married a Miss Chaney, who was horn in Virginia, and died in Stokes County. Born in 1837, William E. Willis was but a school boy when he came with his parents to this state. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, and after attaining his majority he received from his father as a gift a deed to quite a tract of land. He subsequently bought adjoining pieces of land in Meadows Towmship, and is still living on the farm which he has highly developed and improved. His wife, whose maiden name was Julia Hughart, was born in Greenbrier County, Virginia, a daugh- ter of William H. and Martha (Valentine) Hug- hart. Five children were born of their union. 26 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA as follows: Joseph H., William E., Arthur N., Emmett C, and Ernest V. After completing the course of study in the public schools, Emmett C. Willis attended both the Germantown and the Kernesville academies. Then seeking a congenial occupation, he began life on his own account as a teacher at Salem Chapel, Forsyth County. His experience in that line being pleasant and satisfactory, he subse- quently taught in Winston, Edenton, Southport, Kingston and North Wilkesboro. In the mean- time Mr. Willis took up the study of law, and after his admission to the bar, in February, 1912, opened an office in North Wilkesboro, where he is already enjoying a large and quite remunerative practice. He is a member of the Legal Advisory Board of Wilkes County and Government appeal agent of the same county. Mr. Willis was united in marriage with Mary E. Ellis on December 29, 1909. She was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, a daughter of Wil- liam F. and Lura (Wood) Ellis. Mr. and Mrs. Willis are the parents of two bright and interesting children, Elizabeth and Emmett C, Jr. Religiously Mr. Willis belongs to the Disciples Church, while Mrs. Willis is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Fraternally Mr. Willis is a member of Wilkesboro Lodge No. 23, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of Rathburn Lodge No. 97, Knights of Pythias. William Andrew Hunt. To describe the inter- ests and activities of Mr. Hunt is almost equival- ent to giving a directory of the important business institutions and organizations to promote the civic and general welfare of Henderson. In a very im- portant degree he measures up to the full sig- nificance of the phrase man of affairs. He was born at Lexington in Davidson County, North Carolina, January 28, 1872, son of William Henley and Lettie Julia (Conrad) Hunt. His fa- ther was a merchant. The son was educated in the Lexington High School, in the Lexington Acad- emy with the class of 1890, and from that forth- with began his business career at the age of eight- een. Two years he spent as clerk in the bank at Lexington, and after was bookkeeper in the Peo- ples National Bank of Winston-Salem until Feb- ruary, 1893. At the latter date he transferred his home and interests to Henderson, where he came to accept the post of cashier of the Bank of Henderson. Two years later he was one of the men who brought about the merger of the Bank of Henderson with the Citizens Bank in 1895. He was elected first cashier of the consolidated institution, and has filled that post continuously to the present time. Mr. Hunt is widely known among North Carolina bankers, and was a charter member at the organ- ization of the North Carolina Bankers' Associa- tion July 24, 1897. He has served as a member of its executive committee and since 1905 has been secretary and treasurer. Since 1905 he has been entrusted with the re- sponsibility of handling the city finances of Hen- derson. At the same date he was elected a mem- ber of the city council and filled that post twelve years. He organized and since 1912 has been president of the Home Building and Loan Associa- tion, is secretary and treasurer of the Carolina Buggy Manufacturing Company, was an organizer and has since been treasurer of the Henderson Hos- iery Mills, was one of the organizers and has since been a director of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Hunt is a deacon of the First Presbyterian Church, is a Knights Templar Mason, past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias and a member of Temple No. 73, Knights of Khorassan. October 24, 1894, he married Miss Hallie Wesley Young, of Oxford, North Carolina, daughter of Dr. Peter Wesley and Jane (Cooper) Young. They have two children, Mary Young and William Andrew, Jr. Edmond Alexander Hawes, Sr., a wealthy and prominent manufacturer and capitalist at Atkin- son, has sustained a large and prominent role in business affairs and in the good citizenship of North Carolina for upwards of half a century. The Hawes family of New England and its off- shoot the Hawes family of Eastern North Carolina are descended from Edmond Hawes of Yarmouth, Massachusetts, who came to America from Eng- land in 1635. The North Carolina Hawes family is one of the oldest in the eastern part of the state. They represent an ancestry that is a commingling of the Scotch-Irish and English. The founder of the family in this state settled at Smithville, now Southport, in Brunswick County. Dr. John R. Hawes, father of the Atkinson busi- ness man, established a plantation in Pender County near Atkinson, but throughout his long life was a practicing physician and looked after the health and welfare of a large community through- out that part of the country. He was a man of special prominence and influence due to his pro- fession and his fine character. In the war between the states he was captain of Company E in the Eighteenth North Carolina Infantry. Company E was recruited at Mill Creek, New Hanover County, now Pender County, and was sent to Camp Dudley, which was located in the southern part of Wil- mington near the old Kidder mills. He also repre- sented New Hanover County in the General As- sembly of 1866-67. Doctor Hawes married Miss Martha A. Black, a close relative of General Lil- lington of Revolutionary fame. She was reared and spent part of her life at Lillington Hall, the noted plantation of the Lillington family on the Northeast Biver in New Hanover County. Edmond Alexander Hawes, Sr., was born at Wil- mington, North Carolina, in New Hanover County, February 6, 1849. He received his early education in the public schools of what was then New Han- over County and also attended Trinity College. Early in life he took up farming in Pender County, and has gradually expanded the scope of his interests to include many of the prominent business affairs of that vicinity. In 1912 he be- came one of the organizers of the Bank of Atkin- son, of which he has since been president. He also helped organize and is president of the Atkinson Hosiery Mill and the Pender Telephone Company. For forty consecutive years he has been honored with the responsibilities of justice of the peace in his community. June 1, 1875, Mr. Hawes married Virginia E. Russ, daughter of the late J. W. and Margaret A. (Simpson) Russ, of Bladen County. Her father was a prominent planter who represented his county in both houses of the Great Assembly. Mrs. Hawes was the sixth child in a family of ten chil- dren. Two of her brothers, Dr. Simpson Russ and W. H. Russ, did valiant service with the Con- federate Army in the war between the states. Mr. and Mrs. Hawes became the parents of eight children. One of their sons, Homer Haas, died at the age of nineteen. Of those living John Robert is a successful farmer and business Irian SB f 1 ts W » go 00 o HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 27 of Pender County and is general manager of the Pender County Telephone Company. Martha A. and Margaret are both at home with their parents, while Edmond A., Jr., is mentioned elsewhere. Dr. Stephen J. has for some years been a physician at Dover, North Carolina, but is now stationed at Port Oglethorpe, Georgia, with the rank of lieutenant in the United States Army. Virginia Ely married Dr. J. T. Hoggart, of Atkinson, Pender County. Doctor Hoggart is also with the National Army, a lieutenant stationed at Oglethorpe. The youngest of the family, Katherine J., is still at home with her parents. Edmond Alexander Hawes Jr., for a man of his years has played a most prominent part both in business and public life in North Carolina. The honors and responsibilities of statesmanship came to him as soon as he had attained his ma- jority and for several terms he did some splen- did and able work in the Legislature. His home and business center is at Atkinson in Pender County, where he is an important factor in many of the varied activities of that community. A son of Edmond Alexander Hawes, Sr., and member of the prominent family elsewhere re- ferred to, Mr. Hawes was born in Pender County near Atkinson in 1884, was reared on the old home place, was educated in Whitsett Institute and the University of North Carolina, graduat- ing from the university in 1903. He had just reached his twenty-first year when in 1904 he was elected to represent Pender County in the Lower House of the General Assembly. He served ac- tively in the session of 1905, and in 1906 was chosen a member of the Senate and was iden- tified with the sessions of 1907 and 1909. In 1910 he was returned to the State Senate and his name is identified with some of the important legislation of the session of 1911. He served on various important committees and was a close student of the entire legislative program. Peo- ple generally identify his service in particular with the Pender County Stock Law, which was enacted under his energetic leadership. This is a progressive measure which though bitterly op- posed at the time by some of his fellow citizens, is generally reeognized by all to be the only rule of action for a progressive and enlightened com- munity. In business affairs Mr. Hawes is a merchant, bank director and manufacturer, and is associ- ated with his father in various industrial and commercial enterprises. A number of years ago he established the mercantile business at Atkinson, and is also a director of the Bank of Atkinson of which his father is president, and is secretary and treasurer of the New Atkinson Hosiery Mills, which began operations in the summer of 1918 for the manufacture of hosiery. This is an impor- tant industry for the little city. With his fa- ther Mr. Hawes is owner of several thousand acres of valuable timber and agricultural land in the vicinity of Atkinson. Julian Smith Mann. Lawyer, plantation owner, public official, Julian Smith Mann rep- resents one of the old and prominent families of North Carolina, and through his own career has impressed himself influentially upon his native state. He is now serving as superintendent of state prisons, and in 1916 became a candidate for state treasurer. His home district is the old County of Hyde, from which locality he was first promoted into politics, and where for a number of years he served as chairman of the Democratic Committee. He was born there August 15, 1863, and is a son of Edward L. and Mary M. (Gibbs) Mann. His father was a prominent planter, was a member of the North Carolina Secession Convention, and served both in the Lower House and Senate of the Legislature. Both parents were natives of Hyde County. Julian Smith Mann was educated in Horner 's School at Oxford, North Carolina, and in the State University, where he graduated in 1885 in the literary course. He continued his studies in the law department, and in 18S7 was admitted to the bar. Mr. Mann practiced a few years at Newbern, and had soon surrounded himself with an influential clientele. At the death of his father, however, he returned to take active charge of the plantations, and to their manage- ment has devoted nis business energies ever since. In 1891 Hyde County sent him to the Legis- lature. That was his first term in state politics. In the following session he performed a notable service to the people of North Carolina by in- troducing and securing the passage of the bill for the protection of oyster fishermen in North Carolina. As a result of this measure the foreign fishermen were driven away from the oyster beds along the North Carolina coast, but it required a quota of state troops to accomplish this, and since then the oyster industry has been conducted by and for North Carolina people. In the mean- time the beneficial effects of the bill have proved apparent in the immense growth of the oyster fisheries. He wa3 also active in securing the passage of the measure providing for the Shell Fish Commission, and Governor Elias Carr ap- pointed him chief commissioner of that depart- ment. In 1900 Mr. Mann was again elected to the Legislature for the session of 1901. Governor Ayeock appointed him a director of the state prison, and at the special request of the governor the board of directors elected him superintendent of the state penal institution, and as such he served through Ayeock 's administration and was again appointed by Governor Glenn. At the ex- piration of his second term in 1909 he returned to Hyde County, and was busied with his plan- tation until 1913, when at the request of Gov- ernor Locke Craig he was again made super- intendent of state prisons. He is a man of great executive ability, a thorough organizer, and the state penientiary system has correspondingly benefited by his administration. Mr. Mann is a member of the Capitol Club at Ealeigh, is a Mason, and belongs to the college fraternity Kappa Alpha. On March 18, 1895, he married Emma F. Bonner, of Hyde County North Carolina, daugh- ter of Dr. "William V. Bonner. To their union have been born five children: Edith M., Edna E., Margaret E., Julian E. and Edward Bonner. Col. Luther Graves Watch. Distinguished not only as a native-born citizen of Surry County, but as a direct , descendant of two of the oldest and best-known families of North Carolina, those of Franklin and Graves, Col. Luther Graves Waugh, of Dobson, a man of unquestioned integ- rity and ability, is eminently deserving of repre- sentation in a work of this character. A son of Harrison M. Waugh, he was. born on a farm three 28 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA miles from Mount Airy June 3, 1847. His grand- father, James Waugh, a native of Pennsylvania, migrated from that state to Kentucky, becoming one of the pioneer settlers of Nicholas County, where he spent the remainder of his days. Harrison M. Waugh was born November 7, 1804, in Nicholas County; Kentucky, and was there bred and educated. Coming to Surry County, North Carolina, in early manhood, he first located in Waughtown, from there removing to Mount Airy where he embarked in mercantile pursuits. He afterward lived for a while in Rockford, but spent the closing years of his life in Dobson, passing away November 11, 1882. He was three times married, his first wife having been a Miss Waugh, of Waughtown. The maiden name of his second wife was Mary Ursula Graves. She was a daugh- ter of Solomon and Mary (Franklin) Graves, and on the paternal side was a lineal descendant of Thomas Graves, who emigrated from England to America in 1607, and settled in Virginia, while on the maternal side she was of equally honored ancestry, having been a granddaughter of Gover- nor Jesse Franklin. She died in Rockford, Surry County, in 1852, leaving but one child, Luther Graves Waugh, the special subject of this brief sketch. By his first marriage Harrison M. Waugh had four children, James, Samuel, Susan and Vic- toria. By his union with Nancy Axson, his third wife, five children were born, Lulu, Jessie, Cora, Stella and John. Scholarly in his tastes and ambitions, Luther G. Waugh attended first the public schools of Dob- son and later completed his studies at Emory and Henry College in Emory, Virginia. In August, 1864, a youth of scarce seventeen summers, he enlisted in Company B, Second Battalion, and went with his command to Virginia. Continuing with his regiment, he took an active part in vari- ous engagements, and on February 7, 1865, at the battle of Hatcher 's Run, was captured by the enemy. Being taken to Point Lookout, he was there confined as a prisoner of war until June, 1865, when he was paroled. Returning to North Carolina, Colonel Waugh became actively inter- ested in the development of the agricultural re- sources of Surry County, and is now the owner of two valuable farms, one that adjoins Dobson containing 240 acres, and one in Fisher River Valley containing 100 acres. A steadfast supporter of the principles of the democratic party, Colonel Waugh has always taken much interest in public affairs and has represented Surry County in the State Legislature. Religiously he remains true to the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he was reared. William Alexander Cooper. To build up an important business, to maintain the standards of business integrity and civic public spirit through- out a long period of years, to ally oneself with every undertaking for the moral, religious and community welfare, is the kind of achievement which will always attract the energies of the best men, and it is by such standards that the life of William Alexander Cooper can be measured. He was born at Clemmonsville, Forsyth County, North Carolina, May 22, 1868, a son of Thomas Dabney and Sarah (Wommaek) Cooper. His par- ents are both deceased. He was reared in a home not without its refining influences and with incen- tive to character development, but at the same time he had no luxuries, was able to attend school only in such institutions as were maintained in his home locality, and found it expedient at an early age to get out in the world and make his own opportunity. At the age of sixteen he went to Winston, and served a four years ' apprentice- ship in the marble and granite business, and his expert efficiency in that trade has been the founda- tion on which his business career has been built up. At the close of his apprenticeship he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, Frank Cook, and they bought out the establishment of his former employer. The firm remained at Winston- Salem six years. Then in 1894 Mr. Cooper and his brothers, T. R. and G. W. Cooper, moved to Raleigh and bought the Raleigh Marble Works. The business has been conducted under the name of Cooper Brothers and later of Cooper Monu- ment Company. This is one of the most complete and extensive monument establishments in North Carolina. Their business headquarters are on West Martin Street near the Union Station in Raleigh. Long experience, continued growth of capital and resources, have brought the equipment of this firm to the highest point of efficiency. The firm has long employed some of the ablest artists in the stone cutting trade, and at the same time the plant has been equipped throughout with me- chanical processes so that practically every phase of the work, the cutting, carving, polishing, let- tering and boxing of monuments is done by ma- chinery. The business of the firm long since ex- ceeded local limitations. There is one fine example of the Cooper Monument Company in the City of Washington. This is the monument to John Car- roll, first bishop of Baltimore, made out of North Carolina stone and standing in one of the public parks of the nation 's capital. The statute of Governor Z. B. Vance in Capitol Square at Raleigh is another example of their workmanship, and there are many statues of individuals, Confederate monuments, and other similar work to be found practically all over the State of North Carolina. On January 6, 1909, Mr. Cooper celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary of his business career. He received many tributes from his fellow business men and also one in the form of a letter couched in terms of congratulation and of reference to the high standing of his business and his own personal integrity, from Governor R. B. Glenn, who also came from Forsyth County. Besides his position as president of the Cooper Monument Company, Mr. Cooper is also president of the Granita Company, and was one of the organ- izers and is a director in the Anchor Trust Com- pany of Raleigh. A thorough public spirit and broad and active interest in every movement for the betterment of his home city have gone hand in hand with Mr. Cooper's progress as a business man. He served three terms as an alderman of Raleigh from the Third Ward. It is said that he was the most efficient chairman of the street committee who ever occupied that office. On account of the demands of his private business he tried to be relieved of his responsibilities as an alderman at the close of his second term in 1909, but his constituents refused to be without his public service, and he was nominated unanimously and re-elected. Of his civic work perhaps the most important was his leadership and effective influence in behalf of the paving of Raleigh 's principal streets with asphalt. Such pavement was the first to be laid in the state and as much as anything else they have served to keep Raleigh in the front of pro- gressive American municipalities. (s\j \/r. JVcvisi4\ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 43 place a handsome and modern two-story brick business house, the interior finishing being solid oak fittings. In that new store the business has since been continued. During 1914 Mr. Hood's health began to fail, and early in 1915 he took in his son as a business associate and soon after he had to give up active management altogether and on the 4th of June his life came to a quiet close. That he was a man of strong character needs no other evidence than the brief outline of events which have been described. With all his ability and his wide experience, he was a man of retiring nature, had no ambitions for the honors of politics, but was a strong and ardent democrat. His friends knew him as a deep and logical thinker, and one whose loyalty and support could be enlisted for every worthy undertaking. He served for two terms as alderman of Southport, was secretary and treasurer of the school board, was treasurer of the Southport Commercial Association, and was reared in the Baptist Church and was an Odd Fellow. Of his character as a man and citizen the best appreciation will be found in the words of one who knew him for many years and expressed edi- torially in a local paper at the time of his death. A partial quotation from this editorial is an ap- propriate conclusion for this brief sketch of a notable North Carolina business man. ' ' He was honest and just arid his every action was that of a man who trusted in his neighbor and there was an impulse toward charity that, although not of the loud kind, was sincere and distinct. His well known success in business and the popularity of his store for many years attest more than anything else the popularity of the man. He was one of those citizens who are a credit to any community and one whose loss will be dis- tinctly felt, both in a business and personal way. ' ' There is no language at our command by which we can fittingly portray the sincerity of this man 's Christian character ; and in the experience of a lifetime, the writer hereof can safely say, he has never met one who seemed to more clearly walk hand in hand with God. Conscience guided his every act, both in business and pleasure. He was a model of mental industry in his efforts to enter- tain and instruct his friends and acquaintances. With more than ordinary business acumen he helped along others and there are many people in this city who can say that Mr. Hood was the means of making real men and women of them, both by advice and example. He was strictly honest in the service he rendered. In short, he was not only a model Christian but he was an honorable gentle- man, in the highest sense that term implies. To man, woman or child, saint or sinner, he always extended a cordial greeting that lent a ray of light to brighten their pathway in the journey of life." Henry Warrex Hood. Among the energetic young business men of Southport who are contrib- uting of their abilities in the furtherance of the public welfare, one of the best known and most progressive is Henry Warren Hood, Jr., of the firm of H. W. Hood & Son, whose labors in the field of fire protection have already won him a recognized position among the men who are work- ing in behalf of the city 's interests. Mr. Hood was born at Southport, Brunswick County, North Carolina, May 24, 1892, and is a son of Henry Warren and Kate (Foley) Hood, his father being one of the well known merchants of Southport. He received his early education in the private schools here, following which he at- tended the Warrenton (North Carolina) High School and the Bingham School, of Asheville, and after his graduation from the latter, in 1911, re- turned to Southport and became a clerk in the store of his father. On January 1, 1914, he was admitted to partnership in the firm of H. W. Hood & Son, with which he continues to be connected. While Mr. Hood is well and favorably known in business circles of Southport, it has been in con- nection with the public service that he has been most prominently brought before the people. Un- der modern conditions, the fire department is one of the most prominent branches of the city govern- ment in any live and progressive city, and it has been in this field that Mr. Hood has worked. He is now not only captain of Fire Company No. 2, but is secretary and treasurer of the department, consisting of three companies, and is treasurer of the fire commission appointed by the state for the handling of funds for fire prevention and protec- tion. Mr. Hood belongs to the Commercial As- sociation, is secretary and treasurer of the Mer- chants' Association, township food administrator, city and county merchants' food administrator for Brunswick County, and mayor pro tem of South- port. He is a vestryman of St. Philip 's Episcopal Church. On January 5, 1914, Mr. Hood was married to Miss Mabelle Stone, of Asheville, North Carolina, and they are the parents of one child: Nancy Katherine. Johx Archibald McCormick. Though a native of Mississippi, John Archibald McCormick repre- sents some of the old and substantial Scotch fam- ilies of Scotland and adjoining counties in North Carolina, and his own life has been spent in this part of the state since earliest infancy. His name has been widely associated with the larger busi- ness life of Robeson County for a number of years. At Pembroke he still carries on extensive opera- tions as a merchant and planter, and was formerly a prominent figure in the lumber industry. His birth occurred near Brookhaven in Lawrence County, Mississippi, in 1868. He is a son of Mur- doch and Lizzie (McColl) McCormick. His father was born in what is now Scotland County, then part of Richmond County, North Carolina. The McCormicks have lived in Robeson and what is now Scotland County since prior to the Revolution- ary war. Murdoch McCormick left this state when a young man and settled in Lawrence County, Mis- sissippi. It is to Mississippi that his service of four years in the Confederate army is credited. In 1869 he returned to North Carolina with his family and located in the old McCormick community three miles from Laurinburg, in what is now Scotland County. This home is on the Gum Swamp of the Pee Dee in the same vicinity where have lived the Mc.Kinnons, Fairleys and other old time Scotch families from pioneer days. In this community John Archibald McCormick grew up and was inured and practiced in farming pursuits almost from his earliest recollection. The interest to which he was trained has always re- mained the important one. The first work he did away from home was for the late R. W. Liver- more at Pate's in Robeson County. Mr. Liver- more had extensive turpentine, lumbering mer- cantile and farming interests there, and Mr. Mc- Cormick was one of his faithful employes and associates for four years in handling these' various affairs. 44 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA He entered business for himself in the spring of 1S94 when he established a saw mill at Pembroke in Robeson County, with a commissary store in. connection. Since that date Pembroke has been his home and center of his widening business in- terests. He still has lumber and timber properties, though not so extensive as formerly. His chief energies now are concentrated upon merchandise and farming. His store conducted under the name of the MeCormick Company is a large general store and supply house and enjoys an extensive trade all over the surrounding community. He owns sev- eral fine farms lying adjacent to and within a short distance of Pembroke, and these farms pro- duce largely of cotton and corn. They constitute part of a belt of land surrounding Pembroke which has a particularly bright agricultural fu- ture, with every advantage of richness, produc- tivity, natural drainage and access to transporta- tion. Pembroke is the best railroad town in this part of the state, located at the junction of the main line to the Seaboard and the Atlantic Coast Line. The citizens of Pembroke have a high apprecia- tion of Mr. MeCormick 's work as a good citizen. He is now a member of the board of road com- missioners from Eobeson County and is in every sense one of the substantial factors of his com- munity. He is a member of the Pembroke Pres- byterian Church. Mr. MeCormick married Miss Lucy Pate. Her father, the late E. A. Pate, was a prominent railroad man, served as section master on the Seaboard Air Line for twenty-six years, and the station of Pate's was named in his honor. James Craig Braswell. In a conspicuous place on the roster of Rocky Mount and Nash County's successful men of business is found the name of James Craig Braswell, of Rocky Mount, a native of the state where he has always made his home, and a splendid type of the alert, pro- gressive and public-spirited citizen whose record is an indication that success is ambition's an- swer. His long and prominent connection with large business interests, and particularly those connected with the tobacco industry, farming and banking, have made him one of the best known figures in the community and few men have bet- ter records for prosperity gained with honor and without animosity. Mr. Braswell was born near Battleboro, a com- munity on the county line between Edgecombe and Nash counties, August '17, 1868, and is a son of Hon. Thomas Permenter and Emily (Stal- lings) Braswell, and a grandson of R. ' R. and Anzy Braswell. Thomas P. Braswell was born in 1832 in Edgecombe County, and his early educa- tional advantages were poor but this was sub- sequently greatly supplemented by incessant read- ing and close observation. Throughout his life he was engaged in agricultural pursuits and was a leader among the farmers of his state, being one of the first to adopt and introduce progressive methods, such as cover crops and improved cat- tle. In addition to his farm and extensive town interests, 'he was a stockholder in a great num- ber of incorporated companies, ' but would never agree to act as a director or officer. One of the leading democrats of his community, he was chair- man of the democratic county committee for sev- eral years, for a quarter of a century was chair- man of the board of county commissioners, and served his county in the State Legislature. His fraternal connection was with the Masons, and his religious belief that of the Primitive Baptist Church. He was possessed of more than the ordi- nary amount of the milk of human kindness, and was a i^hilosopher of that kindly school who reasons that there is something of good in every one. He was cool and deliberative in action, with a strong brain and excellent judgment, broad- gauged and of perfect mental balance. Mr. T. P. Braswell married Emily Stalliiigs, daughter of James Craig Stallings, and a member of a sturdy agricultural family. Surviving them are three children: Mack C, who married Alice Bryan; Mark R., who married Mamie Hackney; and James C. Eula and Mattie, died when quite young, and Thomas P. Braswell, Jr., a most promising young man, died soon after his graduation from the University. James Craig Braswell was educated in private schools, at Horner 's Military Institute, and at the University of North Carolina, and after his graduation from the latter institution in 1890, embarked upon his business career. First he en- gaged in the tobacco business, and this business has continued to hold his attention in large meas- ure to the present time, his interests having broad- ened and extended and grown to large and im- portant proportions. Few of the men connected with the tobacco industry and banking business in this part of the state are better known than Mr. Braswell, who is also extensively engaged as a general farmer, owning over 3,000 acres of land, of which he cultivates about 1,000 acres, the greater part of this being in Nash County. He is president of the Braswell-Gravely Company, foreign exporters; president of the Planters Na- tional Bank of Rocky Mount, since the organi- zation the largest and most prosperous bank in the two adjoining counties; president and treas- urer of the Rocky Mount Hosiery Company; pres- ident of the Citizens Building and Loan Associ- ation; secretary of the Wilkinson-Bullock Com- pany; treasurer of the Underwriters Fire Insur- ance Company and the North State Fire Insurance Company; vice president of the Rocky Mount Savings and Trust Company; and director of the Norfolk Trust Company of Norfolk, Virginia. He has been a member of the school board since graded schools were organized at this place, and was an alderman for eighteen years. In 1914 he was honored as president of the North Carolina Bankers Association. All worthwhile movements for the benefit of the community have had his stalwart support, and he is accounted one of the men of the locality whose efforts in recent years have brought Rocky Mount and Nash County for- ward as a live, growing and prosperous locality. Mr. Braswell is a steward in the Methodist Episco- pal Church, South. He is a timid man and never pushes himself forward but never shirks anything. He has made it a point of life to live and let live and in every way lent his aid for the upbuilding of the moral and religious interests of the com- munity. He has devoted the greater part of his time since the beginning of the war to the Govern- ment service, never failing to respond to all calls both for his time and his means. No one is more devoted and believes in the righteausness of our cause than he, being a man conscientious in the performance of his duty and being a mem- ber of the Nash County Exemption Board. He has given nearly all his time, and made every effort to see that the law was carried out with- cszyrZ^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 45 out discrimination. He has served without re- muneration in the performance of all his work for the Government. On June 12, 1901, Mr. Braswell was married to Hiss GrizzeLle Burton, of Durham, North Car- olina, daughter of Robert Carter and Nannie (Walker) Burton, Mr. Burton being largely con- nected with the tobacco business, and an honored citizen of Durham, North Carolina. To this un- ion there have been born four children: James Craig, Jr., Bobert Russell, Lillian Duval and Nancy Burton. Paekek Qcikce Mooee. The present mayor of Wilmington was born in his home city July 6, 1876, a son of Col. Roger Moore of the Confed- erate States army and Susan Eugenia (Beery) Moore. The practical life of the business man appealed to the subject of this sketch at an early age and upon completing his studies at the Ruther- fordton Military Institute he was placed in charge of a branch of his father's business. Upon the death of his father he formed a copartnership with his brother and F. R. King in the now old estab- lished firm of Roger Moore's Sons and Company, and has been closely identified with the com- mercial, social and religious life of the city. His entrance into public life was as an alder- man of the city, serving for six years under the administration of Mayors Alfred Moore Waddell and W. E. Springer. When the Commission form of government was adopted for Wilmington he was elected commissioner for two years, and under his direction the many miles of permanent streets were built and in 1913 he was elected mayor, re-elected in 1915 and again in 1917. He has always borne his share of the responsibilities in the democratic party in the state. Dr. James Sprunt in his book "Cape Fear Chronicles, ' ' says : ' ' The present mayor of Wilmington, Parkef Quince Moore, is a worthy descendant of the lead- ing spirits of the Colonial Cape Fear described by the British Governor Burrington in his official dispatches to the Home Government as the 'pesti- ferous Moore family, ' who vexed the Royal Gov- ernment at Brunswick by their revolutionary tend- encies, and later, on the 19th of February, 1766, advocated the first armed resistance on the Ameri- can continent to the authority of the Sovereign Lord, King George, when 450 men of the Cape Fear, led by George Moore, of Orton, and Cor- nelius Harnett, of Wilmington, surrounded Gov- ernor Tryon 's palace at Russellboro, on the Cape Fear, and demanded with arms in, their hands the surrender of the stampmaster and the odious em- blems of his authority. "Mayor Moore is not only to the manner born, but his business training, his patriotic spirit, and the charm of his pleasing personality have estab- lished him in the respect and confidence of all classes of our people." Mr. Moore married Miss Willie May Hardin, of Rutherfordton, North Carolina. They have two living children: Maurice Hardin and May Latta. One son, Roger, died in infancy. George 0. Graves. An enterprising, wide- awake, and prominent business man of Mount Airy, George O. Graves, president of the Mount Airy Mantel and Table Company, occupies an im- portant position in the manufacturing and mer- cantile circles of Surry County, and is a worthy representative of the self-made man of our times. He was born in 1871 on a plantation in the Locust Hill neighborhood, Caswell County, which was like- wise the birthplace of his father, Captain George A. Graves, and of his grandfather, Calvin Graves. Mr. Graves comes from honored English ances- try, being a lineal descendant in the eignth genera- tion from Captain Thomas Graves, who emigrated from England to Ameriea in 1607, settling in Accomac County, Virginia, the line of descent be- ing as follows: Captain Thomas,' John,? John,3 Jolin,-» Azariah," Calvin, a Captain George A.," and George U.* Captain Thomas' Graves reared a large family, and many of his descendants are to be found in the southern and western states. John? Graves married a Miss Perrin, and settled perma- nently in Elizabeth County, Virginia. It is not known whom John 3 Graves married. Johni Graves married, in Virginia, Isabella Lee, and in 1770 came with his family to Caswell County, North Carolina, settling on Country Line Creek, near the present village of Yancey vide. Azariah» Graves was but two years old when brought from Virginia to North Carolina by his parents. Reared to agricultural pursuits, he be- came an extensive planter, operating with slave labor. A man of good education and much ability, he was active and prominent in public affairs, and served as state senator from 1805 until 1812. He died in 1850, and his wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Williams, passed to the lite beyond in 1841. Calvin 6 Graves, born on the home farm June 3, 1804, acquired a good education when young, and after his admission to the bar was not only suc- cessfully engaged in the practice of law, but owned a plantation which he operated with the help of slaves. Influential in public matters, he served as a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1835, and was twice elected as representa- tive to the lower branch of the State Legislature, and four times to the State Senate. While he was serving as president of the Senate a bill was in- troduced asking for an appropriation for the building of the North Carolina Railroad. He was well aware that railways were needed in this part of the state; he also knew that his constituents were bitterly opposed to the appropriation, and that if he voted for it he would surely be defeated as a candidate for re-election. The vote proved to be a tie, and he, as president of the Senate, cast the deciding vote in favor of the appropriation. Later his friends urged him to become a candidate for governor of the state, but he steadily refused all solicitations. He married first, June 9, 1830, Elizabeth Lee, who was the mother of all his chil- dren, and married second Mrs. Mary Lee. He was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and reared his children in the same religious faith. Captain George A." Graves received excellent educational advantages, being graduated from Wake Forest College, but did not choose a profes- sional life. Agriculture being more to his taste, he located after his marriage on a farm which his wife had inherited. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil war he entered the Confederate service, and was commissioned captain of Company G, Twenty-second Regiment, North Carolina Troops. With his command he took an active part in vari- ous engagements, including among others of note the battle of Gettysburg. There, during the sec- ond day 's fight, he was severely wounded, and lay on the field a number of hours before attracting the attention of a Federal soldier, one who proved to be a Mason. Captain Graves was then taken to 46 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA Johnson Island in Lake Erie, and there remained a prisoner until the close of the war. The captain then returned to his home plantation, and though he lived until July 5, 1907, he never fully re- covered his health, being an invalid much of the time. Captain George A. Graves married Miss Belle Williamson, a daughter of Dr. James E. William- son, a life-long resident and practising physician of Caswell County, and also a farmer, operating his plantation with slave labor. Doctor Williamson married Isabella Williams, who was born in Person County, North Carolina, and both he and his wife lived to an advanced age. The wife of Captain Graves died a short time before he did, passing away April 21, 1907. Four children were born of their union, as follows: James W., Dora Belle, Calvin and George O. Captain Graves being an invalid it fell upon the mother to raise the children, and a brave and noble Christian mother she was. As their slaves were all taken from them and farm land had been reduced to nothing almost, still she worked, toiled and prayed early and late to raise the children and educate them, and keep the farm from debt so when they grew up they would not have debt around them and they could then go out and make their way. Brought up on the home farm, George 0. s Graves obtained the rudiments of his education in the rude log cabin, which had a puncheon floor, while the seats, which had neither back nor desks in front, were slabs, with wooden pins for legs. As the rural school was in session but about three months in a year, he acquired the greater part of his knowledge through the instruction of his par- ents, both of whom were well educated. While yet a lad, he began working on the home farm, laboring diligently until attaining his majority. Starting out then to fight the battle of life single handed, Mr. Graves went to Danville, Virginia, and there found employment in a warehouse. During his leisure time he continued his studies, and by steady application to his books soon be- came efficient as an accountant. Returning then to the eastern part of North Carolina, having spent six years in the warehouse, the last two years as head bookkeeper, he was for two seasons engaged in tobacco dealing in Eastern Carolina. In 1896 Mr. Graves located in Mount Airy, and for six years continued in the tobacco business, being quite successful. Giving that up, Mr. Graves em- barked in the furniture business, with which he is now actively identified, being president of the Mount Airy Mantel and Table Company, one of the most prosperous business organizations of this part of Surry County. A man of undoubted finan- cial ability and judgment, he has accumulated a handsome property, in addition to his corporate interests, being one of the most extensive real estate holders in the city. Mr. Graves married, August 8, 1900, Miss Eliza- beth Plorimel Hadley, who was born in Lenoir County, North Carolina, a daughter of James A. and Sarah (Best) Hadley. She died September 27, 1913, leaving two daughters, Belle Williamson and Sarah Best. Politically Mr. Graves is a demo- crat. Religiously he is a faithful and conscien- tious member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and is serving as chairman of the board of stewards, and as a teacher in its Sunday school. Michael Crouly Guthrie. Among the men of Southport who have merged eminent personal achievement with distinctive public service, thus forming a splendid combination making for ideal citizenship, one of the best known is Michael Crouly Ciuthrie. A resident of this city all his life, he has been identified with some of its most important business enterprises, and in official posi- tions of importance has rendered service that has been and is proving of incalculable value to the community. Mr. Guthrie was born December 14, 1850, at Southport, Brunswick County, North Carolina, and is a son of Archibald Minkens and Sarah A, (Crapon) Guthrie. His parents were also natives of JNorth Carolina, and his father was for many years a pilot and captain of tows and transports. Michael C. Guthrie received his education in a private school and at Trinity College, which he at- tended for one term, and also pursued a course at the Horner Military Institute, at Oxford, North Carolina. When ready to enter upon his own career, he chose mercantile lines as his field of effort, becoming a clerk in a general store. He made rapid progress, and in 1883, feeling that he was ready to stand alone, embarked in business on his own account and continued as a general merchant until 1902. In the meantime he had become interested in various other lines of busi- ness activity, at different times, including the Southport Building and Loan Association, with which he is still identified in the capacity of president. Mr. Guthrie's standing in the business world is indicated in the fact that his business associates have elected him president of the South- port Commercial Association, a position which he has held for several years. Mr. Guthrie 's first public position of importance was that of member of the board of county com- missioners, which he held for a period of ten years. Subsequently, he became mayor of Southport, and his ensuing administration of the affairs of the city further established him in the confidence of the people, whose interests he carefully conserved. When it was found necessary to elect a strong and capable man to the office of county superintendent of public instruction, in order that the public school matters might be straightened out and handled efficiently, Mayor Guthrie 's name was men- tioned as the man for the place, and he resigned from the mayoralty to accept the new office, where he felt that his services were more keenly needed. That occurred in 1910 and he still occupies this position, the duties of which he has discharged in such a highly capable manner that the Brunswick County schools now compare favorably with any in the state. Mr. Guthrie has rendered various other public services. He was formerly a member of the board of commissioners of navigation and pilotage for the Port of Wilmington; is now a member of the board of trustees in charge of a fund accumulated from deceased pilots for the Widows' and Orphans' Fund; and is president of the board of trustees of the Southport Public Li- brary. Whatever he has started out to do he has done with his whole heart and to the full extent of his energy, and probably this is one of the chief reasons why he has been one of the most helpful of Southport 's citizens. In fraternal matters, Mr. Guthrie is identified with Atlantic Lodge, Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, of which he is noble grand. He is a member of Trinity Meth- odist Episcopal Church, of which he was formerly superintendent of the Sunday school for a period of thirteen years. In October, 1S74, Mr. Guthrie was married to HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 47 Miss Elizabeth Lord Williams, of Southport, North Carolina, and to this union there were born two sons: Marshall Crapon, surgeon of the United States Public Health Service, and now chief quar- antine officer of the Panama Canal Zone, married Miss Harriet Harding, of Washington, District of Columbia, and has one son, Marshall Crapon, Jr.; and Eugene duVale, an attorney of Southport, who died in 1903, married Miss Viola Weeks, of South- port, and had two children, Eugene duVale and Elizabeth Lord. Mrs. Michael C. Guthrie died August 11, 1901. • William Lloyd Knight is a prominent young lawyer of Weldon, Halifax County, a man of influential connections both in business and pro- fessional circles, and representative of an old fam- ily of Northampton County. On his father 's farm in that county Mr. Knight was born July 3, 1881, son of John W. and Ke- ziah (Davis) Knight. His education in the pub- lic schools was supplemented by one year in Trin- ity Park School at Durham, followed by the regular course of the law department of Wake Forest College. Mr. Knight was admitted to practice in February, 1912, and has ever since been busily engaged building up and handling a general practice at Weldon. His connections in a business way are most substantial, and he is director of the Weldon Building and Loan As- sociation, a director of the Shaw Cotton Mills and a director of the Weldon Eealty Company. Mr. Knight is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias and is steward and secretary and treasurer of the Weldon Methodist Episcopal Church. On April 18, 1907, he married Miss Carrie Smith, of North- ampton County. William Boylan Snow. The State Senate has had no abler or more thoughtful member than William Boylan Snow from Wake County. As senator from the Fifteenth District in the Legis- lature of 1915 he gave close attention to all the legislation considered during the session and while a loyal and ready worker with his fellow members in behalf of all good legislation, he also offered several original bills to the legislative program. It was Senator Snow who introduced and se- cured the passage of a law abolishing the custom of clipping the heads of persons charged with crime before .conviction. His bill forbids this practice and also the custom of subjecting prison- ers to the indignity of a convict garb during trial and before conviction, or the trial of any person in any dress other than ordinary civilian attire. Sena- tor Snow also introduced, but failed to secure the passage, of a measure providing for the election of members of school boards by the people instead of appointment by the Legislature. Senator Snow was born at Ealeigh May 12, 1873, a son of George H. and Elizabeth (Boylan) Snow. He attended Fray and Morson 's Academy at Raleigh, and in 1893 graduated Ph. B. from the University of North Carolina. He took up the study of law and for many years has been one of the leading attorneys of Raleigh. He is a mem- ber of the State Bar Association, has filled the office of county attorney of Wake County and city attorney of Raleigh, and since July, 1915, has been prosecuting attorney of the City Court of Raleigh. He was chairman of the Wake County Democratic Executive Committee in 1904 and a member of the State Democratic Executive Committee in 1908. Senator Snow is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, was president in 1914-15 of the Wake County University Alumni Association, is a mem- ber of the Zeta Psi college fraternity and of the Episcopal Church. By his marriage to Miss Alice K. Stronaeh he has two children, William B. Snow, Jr., and John Kendall Snow. Jens Berg. The specialized knowledge required in the handling of the duties of the important positions connected with the United States quaran- tine stations, necessitates the securing of men of more than ordinary ability to perform the work that safeguards the country against the intro- duction of contagious diseases. One of the men of North Carolina who is engaged in this import- ant branch of the United States Government service is Jens Berg, druggist of the quarantine station at Southport, and formerly a well known figure in business circles of the city. Mr. Berg has been a resident of Southport for eighteen years, and during this time has been active in the life of the community, where he is established as a dependable citizen and a reliable official. Jens Berg was born at Lemvig, Denmark, May 20, 1868, and is a son of J. N. and Marie (Jensen) Berg, who have passed their entire lives in their native land. The son of a well known educator, who was principal of various schools in Denmnrk, Jens Berg received good educational advantages, and when he reached manhood was fully prepared to adopt the vocation of teaching. Although of a studious nature, and fond of acquiring extensive knowledge in various directions, he did not desire the life of the educator, and in 1891 came to the United States, confident that in this land of opportunity he could make his fortune in a busi- ness way. His first location was at Seabright, New Jersey, where for seven years he was engaged in the fish business, and in 1898 came to South- port, where he became interested in various busi- ness ventures. His native ability, energy and shrewdness brought him success from his business ventures and he became president and manager of the Southport Light and Power Company, which positions, however, he has since resigned. His business worth, foresight and acumen were readily recognized by his new associates at South- port, who elected him secretary and treasurer of the Chamber of Commerce, offices which he retained for two years. In 1898 he was offered and accepted a position as pharmacist in the employ of the United States Government, and when his ability in this science was recognized he was placed in charge as druggist of the South- port quarantine station, where he has since remained. Mr. Berg is treasurer and a member of the board of trustees of the Southport Public Library. His fraternal connection is with the Masonic Lodge, of which he is secretary and past master. On November 4, 1902, Mr. Berg was united in marriage with Miss Mary Jane Woodside, of Southport. William James Johnson, of Red Springs, Robeson County, is member of the firm W. J. and J. W. Johnson, whose operations as lumbermen have brought their firm to a conspicuous position in the lumber industry of the South, while the partners themselves have attained truly phenom- enal success in the business. This success is the result of -hard work, persistence through good 48 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA years and bad, and a knowledge scarcely sur- passed of all the details of the business. While lumbering has been his real business, and from it he has made his fortune, William James Johnson is also deeply interested in farming, and while the splendid plantation he has gathered at Bed Springs represents something of a recreative interest it is by no means unprofitable from a business standpoint. In fact everything Mr. John- son does- is businesslike and exhibits results that indicate the force and power of the man. Mr. Johnson was born near Carthage in Moore County, North Carolina, in 1859, son of Samuel E. and Amanda J. (Worthy) Johnson. His father, who was of Scotch ancestry and a native of Moore County, spent his life there as a farmer, and the home where he died at the age of eighty-four was also the place where he was born. His wife, also deceased, was a sister of former Sheriff Kenneth Worthy of Moore County. Her father, James Worthy, came from England when a young man and was a successful planter and slave holder in Moore County. Despite those advantages which are by no means to be despised of good birth and good family, William James Johnson, owing to circumstances over which he had no control and through the poverty stricken condition of the country resultant upon the Civil war, grew up and early learned to depend upon himself for the solution of life 's prob- lems. There were very few schools to attend when he was a boy, but it was his good fortune to have one very excellent teacher, Mrs. McQueen, wife of Rev. Martin McQueen, pastor of the historic old "Union Presbyterian Church, within almost a stone's throw of which the Johnson home was lo- cated. When Mr. Johnson carries his recollections back to the first real work he did in life the scene pictured is a lonely field in which he is plowing, the plow being dragged through the furrow by a lone ox. But from the farm his energies were early attracted to lumbering, and the big success he has attained in life is largely due to the fact that he has made one business the object of his concentrated energies. His first venture was a small sawmill on the Carthage Bailroad in Moore County. The cut of this mill was only 5,000 or 6,000 feet of lumber per day. Later he engaged in business with Mr. W. H. Britton, of Cameron, with whom he was associated for a number of years. He finally sold his interests to Mr. Britton and then established the Harnett Lumber Com- pany, which was one of his most extensive enter- prises. Under that name he sawed millions of feet of lumber in Harnett County. For transport- ing his lumber to a main line railroad he built a lumber road from Manchester to his mills in Har- nett County. After completing the cut in Harnett he established a lumber mill in Dundarrach, Hoke County, and was an onerator there some time. His present interest in the lumber business is with his brother, Hon. J. W. Johnson, of Baeford, under the name W. J. and J. W. Johnson. They have a large mill below Red Springs in Bobeson County. Tt is at Bed Springs that Mr. Johnson has sat- isfied Vps ideals nnd tastes as to one of the most beautiful homos in North Carolina. Many years asro his plans beean to take form regarding his ideal of a lar * Vcl^o^&lj^o, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 53 Poultry Association. He is alliliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Junior Order of American Mechanics, is a member of the Country Club and his church home is the Methodist Episcopal. In June, 1892, he married Miss Eliabeth Pear- son, of Wayne County, North Carolina. They have three children : Wiley Pearson, Edwin Frank- lin, Jr., and Dorothy. Dorothy is now a student in Lewisburg College. John Henry Sparger is one of the few remain- ing veterans of the war between the states. Since the close of that great struggle his time and activi- ties have been chieily devoted to the management of a large and splendid farm in Surry County, and he is still living there in advanced years among his children and grandchildren. He was born in what is now Mount Airy Town- ship of Surry County, October 4, 1841. His great- grandfather was a planter and a life-long resident of Surry County, the family having been estab- lished here about the time of the Revolution. The grandfather, John Sparger, a native of Surry County, subsequently removed to Stokes County and bought a farm near Chestnut Ridge. On that place he had his home and his activities until his death in 1834. He married Sally Lyon. Her father, William Lyon, was a Surry County planter. Murlin Sparger, father of John H., was born in Surry County May 15, 1817, and as a youth learned the trade of millwright and carpenter. After lo- cating at his home about four miles north of Mount Airy he continued following his trade and also did farming. Among his contemporaries there was hardly a better business man in Surry County. His success took the special direction of land holding, and he kept adding to his possessions until at one time he was owner of upwards of two thousand acres. About half of this large estate was across the line in the state of Virginia. His home was just half a mile south of the Virginia line and in Mount Airy Township. He died on November 16, 1877. Murlin Sparger married Bethania Cook, who was born near Westfield in Surry County January 4, 1817. Her father, John Cook, was born on a farm near Westfield and spent his entire life there. Mrs. Bethania Sparger died April 27, 1884. Her ten children were named Elizabeth, John Henry, William A., Margaret, Edith, James H., Frank, Priscilla, Mary E. and George W. When not in school as a boy John Henry Sparger was working on his father 's farm and early familiarized himself with the management of land on a large scale. At the first call for troops in 1861, when he was twenty years of age, he enlisted in Company I of the Twenty-first Regi- ment, North Carolina Troops. His regiment was part of Early 's division and Ewell 's corps. Mr. Sparger was present and took part in the first great battle of the war, Manassas, the results of which are known to every American schoolboy. After that with his regiment he participated in many of the more notable conflicts on the soil of Virginia, and at the battle of Seven Pines he was wounded. He remained with his regiment on duty until he was retired in the spring of 1865, and he arrived home just fifteen days before the final sur- render. A courageous soldier, he proved a courageous citizen and did not hesitate to undertake the diffi- cult performance of the duties which confronted the returned Southern soldier. He began farm- ing and in 1868 bought a place in Mount Airy township. That was his first home after his mar- riage, and he lived there until 1884, when he re- turned to the old homestead and eventually suc- ceeded to its ownership. Many years have been spent in the profitable task of general farming and stock raising. His farm contains 400 acres, both upland and valley, and while in the midst of picturesque surroundings it is also highly valuable and productive. His home occu- pies a position commanding an extended view of the Johnson Creek Valley and surrounding coun- try. The Virginia state line borders the farm on the north. In 1870 Mr. Sparger married Ann Matilda Smith, who was born in Henry County, Virginia, September 17, 1844. Her grandfather, Drury Smith, was one of the wealthy old-time planters and owned upwards of 12,000 acres situated in four different counties. He not only looked after the management of this vast estate with the aid of his slaves but also engaged in the manufacture of tobacco and was a merchant, having stores in four or five different localities. When he was eighty-two years of age, still active in business, he made a journey to Danbury to transact some affairs. . He rode horseback, and on the way had to ford the Dan River. On returning he found the stream very much swollen, but pushed his horse in and while in the current was swept from the horse and drowned. Drury Smith was twice mar- ried. His first wife, the grandmother of Mrs. Sparger, was Frances Pitcher. After her death he married the Widow Walker. Of the first union there were six children. Mrs. Sparger's father was George W. Smith, who was born in Rocking- ham County, North Carolina, and subsequently bought 1,100 acres of land in Mount Airy Town- ship. There he was a general farmer and tobacco manufacturer and had a large household of slaves. After the death of his wife he made his home with Mrs. Sparger and died in his ninety-second year. George W. Smith married Mary V. Smith, oldest daughter of Ned Smith and granddaughter of Drury Smith. She died at the age of sixty- seven, having reared children named Green, Tyler, Matilda, Eliza, Drury F. and Belle. The son Green died while a soldier in the Confederate Army. Six children constitute the Sparger family cir- cle. Their names are John G., George M., Walter Munsey, Lilla, Emma V. and William Franklin. Emma, who married William Samuel Allred, died leaving seven children, named Albert, Samuel, John, Mary, Inez, Joseph and Edward. George M. married Dixie Ella Jackson, and their four children are Jack J., Mary Matilda, Edward and Glenn. Lilla is the wife of Tom Brown, and their children are named Annie, Isabel, Herbert, Murlin, Frank, Robert, Emma-, Elbert and Jack. Walter Munsey married Annie Ashby and has three chil- dren, John W., Virginia and Janie. Mrs. Sparger died May 25, 1917. She was an active member of the Salem Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Mr. Sparger is an active member of the same church and also keeps up with old time army comrades as a member of Mount Airy Camp of the United Confederate Veterans. George J. Moore. Among the shrines of history and patriotism of North Carolina few have been more zealously preserved and are richer in the lessons of patriotism and loyalty than the old scene of the Moore 's Creek Bridge at which was 54 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA fought on February 27, 1776, the first decisive American victory in the State of North Carolina, in the War of the Revolution. Moore 's Creek was named for the Moore family, and the battle at the bridge was planned and its execution directed by Gen. James Moore, although he was not actually present at the battle. The patriot troops there were commanded by General Lillington and General Caswell. Moore 's Creek battleground lies in what is now Pender County, originally a part of New Hanover County, on Moore 's Creek less than half a mile from the Village of Currie. It is on the old Wilmington and Fayetteville State Eoad. It was while taking this route from Cross Creek to Wil- mington to join Lord Cornwallis and Clinton at Wilmington, that the British and Tory forces under General McDonald met the American patriots at Moore 's Creek Bridge and were utterly routed. Eight hundred and fifty prisoners were captured, entailing the loss of only thirty American soldiers and General McLeod. Thus this became the first decisive American victory of the war in this state. In order to provide a permanent memorial of this historic event and the place of its occurrence, there was organized in 1895, and chartered by the state the Moore 's Creek Battle Ground Association. The land embracing the battle ground was acquired by the association and the work of its improvement and adornment was begun at once. An appropria- tion of $500 per year is received from the state for the use of the park, and a lump appropriation of $5,000 was attained from the National Govern- ment. The battleground, consisting of thirty-five acres, has been made into a beautiful park, adorned with several appropriate monuments and with a pavilion where, among other gatherings, the annual celebration of the battleground and their friends is held. The land has been ditched and drained so that it is kept in perfect condition. The curbs and culverts are of corrugated steel, the roads through the park are the best that can be made, there is an ample supply of seats for visitors, and the gardening and landscaping are cared for per- manently throughout the year. The park is a beautiful and delightful place to all visitors, and is a rallying ground for loyal revolutionary descend- ants. The first president of Moore's Creek Battle Ground Association was the late Hon. James Fulton Moore, who served in that capacity for fourteen years. To commemorate his memory and his services a monument has been erected on the grounds. James Fulton Moore was a son of James Pettigrew Moore and a grandson of Gen. James Moore above mentioned. He lived all his life at Currie. He was born February 14, 1852, and died July 11, 1912. His successor in the office of president of the Battle Ground Association is Mr. George J. Moore of Atkinson, Pender County. He was born No- vember 24, 1860, on the Moore plantation on Black River, three miles west of the present Town of Atkinson in what was then New Hanover County, now Pender County. He is a son of Joel L. and Anne Eliza (Hawes) Moore, and is a great-grandson of the Gen. James Moore already referred to. His grandfather was Capt. James Moore, who served with that rank in an infantry regiment in the War of 1812. His sword now adorns the wall of the State Historical Museum at Raleigh. Capt. James Moore was only twelve years old when the Battle of Moore's Bridge was fought. Joel L. Moore was born at Currie, North Carolina, a mile from the battleground, in 1819. Gen. James Moore was a native of the Lower Cape Fear country and within a few miles of where George Moore was born and reared and still lives the Moores have had their homes continuously since long before the Revolution. Their ancestry is Scotch-Irish and English, and the family has given some of the greatest men to North Carolina. On other pages of this publication will be found references and other interesting details concerning the family and its individual characters. George J. Moore was elected president of the Battle Ground Association in 1912, and has since labored faithfully in that capacity to keep up the splendid appearance of the grounds, inaugurate and maintain permanent improvements, and do all that is possible to make this a scene of beauty and adornment and one that teaches and impresses the deepest lessons of patriotism and love of country. Mr. Moore is himself a man who has always had the greatest reverence for those great and noble ancestors through whose bravery and self sacrifice the American colonies obtained their liberty. Mr. Moore was educated under the best of private tutors at the Moore plantation. His own chief oc- cupation has been planting and farming. In Sep- tember, 1916, he removed from his plantation to the Town of Atkinson, and in 1918 built there a beautiful modern home that is an almost exact replica of the old Moore plantation house. In fact much of the material entering into its construction was brought from the old house, including all the fine old doors and doorways, windows, lintels, and mantels. The frame work such as the corner posts, etc., hewn out of the longleaf heart pine years and years ago for the old house are utilized in the new, and are in just as good condition as they were w'hen first put in the old structure. The corner posts are wonderful specimens of the sturdy char- acter of the old time construction. They are ' ' rabbetted' ' out by hand and mortised and pegged entirely. No nails were nsed in the original structure. This splendid building affords a most fitting home for Mr. Moore and his interesting family, who afford him his greatest pleasure in life. Mrs. Moore before her marriage was Miss Mary Rebecca Murphy, daughter of the late James Archibald Murphy and member of one of the old families of the Lower Cape Fear country. Judge J. D. Murphy of Asheville, a brilliant lawyer and one of the towering intellects of the state, is her cousin. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have five children: Murphy Alexander Moore, Miss Mildred G. Moore, George J. Jr., Estelle Oberry Moore and Charles P. Moore. In keeping with his ancestry and his own attain- ments Mr. Moore has borne an active part in public affairs. This interest has been especially manifested in those things that concern his com- munity and county. He has advocated all wise and progressive measures in public improvement that are for the present and future benefit of the people. He has been an uncompromising friend of the state stock law. Above all he is convinced of the tremendous importance of education and especially of that education which makes men and women in- telligent. For many years he has served as county commissioner, being first elected to the office in 190.T and serving eight years. He was again elected in 1916, so that he is the present incumbent of the office. Mr. Moore has been called upon and to the extent of his ability has responded in services of a patriotic nature in connection with the needs of the present war period. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 55 Robert Walker Smith, M. D. In a calling in which advancement depends upon individual merit and skill, Dr. Robert Walker Smith, of Hertford, has won a very enviable position and in his practice shows a thorough and comprehensive understand- ing of the principles of medical and surgical sci- ence and adaptability for the needs of suffering humanity. His work has received the endorsement not only of a large and representative practice, but also that of the general public and of the civil and national government, and at various times he has been called to fill positions of official im- portance and responsibility, of honor and of trust. Doctor Smith was born at Hertford, March 27, 1868, and with the exception of the period of his college career his entire life has been passed here. His parents were Dr. Josiah Townsend and Mary Ann (Shannonhouse) Smith, and much of his med- ical inclination and ability were doubtless in- herited from his father, who was for years one of the leading physicians of this section. After at- tending the public schools Robert W. Smith en- tered the University of North Carolina, where he took a two-year academic course. After gradua- tion he was offered the place of house physician to the Bay View Hospital at Baltimore, which, how- ever, he declined to accept. His medical studies were further pursued at the University of Mary- land, where in 1892 he graduated from the med- ical department with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and at once he opened an office at Hert- ford, where he has since remained in the enjoy- ment of a constantly increasing practice and of a growing and substantial reputation. His offices are located on the top floor of his two-story brick building, 30 by 70 feet, on the main floor is his complete and up-to-date drug store, in addition to which he owns other business buildings and city realty. He has various interests of a business character and is vice president of the Farmers Bank and Trust Company. In addition to his private practice Doctor Smith is local surgeon at Hertford for the Norfolk & Southern Railroad; is chairman of the local board of examining sur- geons, of which R. H. Welch is clerk; is an ex- superintendent of public health and an ex-coroner, and is a member of the local United States exam- iners for conscription into the new National army. Doctor Smith belongs to the North Carolina Med- ical Society and the Tri-County Medical Society, and belongs also to the Masons and to the Delta Kappa Epsilon of the University of North Caro- lina. With a nature that could never content itself with mediocrity, he has advanced to a foremost position in the ranks of his profession, having the confidence and admiration of the public and his professional associates, and his life record shows the force of his character and the strength of a laudable ambition. Doctor Smith was married October 23, 1894, to Miss Anna Belle Whaley, of Maryland, and they have one daughter, Anna Whaley, attending school. Doctor and Mrs. Smith belong to Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, in which he is junior warden, and both are active in religious work, the doctor being a member of the executive board of mis- sions for the district of Eastern North Carolina. Theodore Adolpht-s Hinnant. Since 1907, a period of ten years, Mr. Hinnant has been city clerk of Wilson. Before entering that office he had proved his ability at a technical trade and in business affairs, and has proved a leader in those progressive forces which are making Wil- son one of the modern municipalities of North Carolina. A brief reference to the major im- provements made since he has been in city office is in order. About $330,000 have been expended in making the streets modern city thoroughfares. A gas plant was erected at a cost of $75,000, $145,000 were expended in waterworks improve- ments, while $80,000 were invested in a light plant. With all these improvements he has had to do in some official capacity. He was born in Wilson County, North Caro- lina, March 11, 1873, a son of John Thomas and Bathana (Eulgham) Hinnant. His father was a merchant and also operated a large farm. Mr. Hinnant grew up partly on his father's farm and partly around the store, attended the public schools at Smithfield, and also the Rockridge Academy. As a youth he learned the trade of machinist, and subsequently for four years sold machinery throughout the South. He retired from the road upon his election as city clerk in 1907 and has since given a rigid and strict attention to the duties of that office. Mr. Hinnant is a York Rite Mason and a mem- ber of Sudan Temple of the Mystic Shine. He also belongs to the Junior Order of United Amer- ican Mechanics, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is a director of the Rotary Club, and is a deacon and member of the finance commit- tee of the First Christian Church. On July 24, 1895, he married Miss Elizabeth Jeannette Barnes, of Wilson. Five sons have been borne to their union: Carl Settle, Glaucus Graham, Edwin L., Paul Anderson and Theodore Adolphus, Jr. Aristides S. Harrison, M. D. Halifax Coun- ty has known and appreciated the work of Doctor Harrison for over thirty-five years, not only as a capable physician and surgeon but also as the educator who was largely responsible for giving the county a system of graded schools. Doctor Harrison was born in Brunswick Coun- ty, Virginia, December 1, 1864, a son of George and Ellen Alice (Smith) Harrison. His father was an educator and a minister of the Episcopal Church. Doctor Harrison was educated in the McCabe University School at Petersburg, Vir- ginia, and at the age of sixteen came to North Carolina. For three years he taught in the com- mon schools and for twelve years was county superintendent of public instruction in Halifax County. During his early teaching experience in this county there was not a single graded school and most of the education was supplied by means of private schools. He kept up an active cam- paign until he saw the graded school movement well started, and since entering his profession has continued his interest in the local schools and for sixteen years has been secretary of the Enfield graded schools, since they were first or- ganized. At the present time Halifax County has good graded schools at Enfield, Scotland Neck, Weldon and Roanoke Rapids. There are modern schoolhouses in each of these localities, and the schoolhuilding at Enfield cost $23,000. Doctor Harrison was STaduated in medicine from the University of Maryland in 1888, and has also taken post-srraduate work in the Uni- versity of North Carolina. He has been a prom- 56 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA inent and success! ul physician of the county for nearly thirty years, For ten years he was sec- retary of the town board of commissioners at Enfield. He is a member and president of the Halifax County Medical Society, and also be- longs to the North Carolina State Medical Socie- ty and the American Medical Association. Doctor Harrison is vice president of the Bank of Enfield and president of the Harrison Drug Company. He is senior warden and lay reader in the Episcopal Church, and is both a Scottish and York Bite Mason, being past master of the lodge, past high priest of the Koyal Arch Chap- ter, past eminent commander of the Knights Templar, and has attained the thirty-second de- gree in the Scottish Eite and is a member of the Mystic Shrine. November 14, 1896, Doctor Harrison married Miss Katie Wilson Curtis, of Enfield. They have two children, Dorothy Curtis and "William Bur- well. William S. Taylor, M. D. In point of con- tinuous service Dr. Taylor is one of the oldest physicians of North Carolina. His work has been done in one community, Mount Airy in Surry County, and some of the children he attended there at the beginning of his practice now have chil- dren of their own and in some cases grandchil- dren. Dr. Taylor has proved a valuable citizen as well as a conscientious and able physician. Dr. Taylor is a native of North Carolina, and his people all came from Virginia. He was born at Dobson in Stokes County in 1850. His grand- father, William Taylor, was a prominent citizen of Henry County, Virginia, where he had large bodies of land and operated them with his slaves. It is believed that he was a native of Bottetourt County, Virginia. William Taylor was a man of unusual talents, was well educated, and his per- sonal integrity was such, combined with his good judgment, that he was frequently called upon to administer estates and serve as guardian for minors. He married Catherine Hill, and both lived to a good old age. They were members of the Methodist Church and were very loyal to that faith and reared their children in the same. Their children were Samuel H., Spottswood, Jack, Wil- liam, Lucy and Kittie. Samuel Hill Taylor, father of Dr. Taylor, was born near Trailersville in Henry County, Virginia, and as a young man moved to Stokes County, North Carolina, locating at Germanton when it was the county seat. For ten years he served as clerk of the courts. During the war he was cap- tain of a Home Guards organization, and after the close of hostilities he removed to Mount Airy and was elected sheriff of Surry County. For many years he was engaged in the mercantile busi- ness. At that time High Point was the nearest railroad station and all produce was hauled from that depot to surrounding rural centers. Samuel H. Taylor lived at Mount Airy until his death in 1892, at the age of seventy-three. He married Eliza J. Davis, who died in her eightieth year. She was born on a plantation on the Dan River in Stokes County, near Danbury. Her father, James Davis, was also a native of Stokes County, was a planter and slave owner, and probably spent all his life in Stokes County, where he died in 1865. James Davis married Emily McAnally. Samuel H. Taylor and wife reared four sons: James, William Samuel, John S., Charles Walter, and three daughters, Lucy, Bettie and Jennie. The son James was a Confederate soldier and is now living at Clarksville, Tennessee. John S. died in Texas. Charles Walter is living at Yankee Hill in California. Dr. Taylor grew up in Stokes County and his early education was in private schools. He also attended high school at Mount Airy. In 1864, when only fourteen years of age, he ran away from home and went to Virginia for the purpose of joining Morgan's command. His father fol- lowed him and brought him home, thus quenching his early ardor to become a soldier. When the time came to decide upon a definite career, he determined upon medicine and began its study under Drs. J. and William Hollingsworth. From their offices he entered the Jefferson Medi- cal College at Philadelphia, where he completed the course and graduated M. D. in 1873. In the same year he returned to Mount Airy and began the practice which has now continued for forty- four years. In 1876 Dr. Taylor established the first drug store of Mount Airy, and continued its operations under his management thirty-four years. His services to the profession and com- munity have been such as to entitle him to the high esteem in which he is held. For several years he acted as health officer for Mount Airy, and has been local surgeon for the Southern Railway since its line was completed to Mount Airy. Dr. Tay- lor is a member of the Surry County, North Caro- lina State and Tri-State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. He and his wife are members of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and during his young manhood he became affiliated with the Masonic order, the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. Dr. Taylor was married in 1879 to Virginia Banner, who was born at Mount Airy, daughter of William M. and Catherine (Wnitloek) Banner. Dr. Taylor and wife have reared five children: Charles W., Catherine, Lucy, Carrie and Willie, the last two being deceased. Charles W. married Lizzie Jones and has three children, named Carrie, Mary and William. Catherine is the wife of W. O. Howard, a well known attorney at Tarboro, and their two children are named Catherine and Page. Lucy is the wife of W. W. Burke, and they have two daughters, named Virginia and Willie, and two sons, Marion and Edwin. An interesting experience befell Dr. Taylor some years ago. A few days after the assassina- tion of Governor Gobel at Frankfort, Kentucky, Dr. Taylor and his cousin, S. G. Pace, visited Lex- ington, Kentucky, on business. They registered at the Phoenix Hotel. Kentucky's incumbent gov- ernor was then a fugitive from justice. It will be recalled that his name was also W. S. Taylor. A report soon circulated through Frankfort that Governor Taylor was registered at the Phoenix. A crowd gathered for the purpose of apprehend- ing the fugitive. The hotel clerk did not choose to divulge the truth, and it was only when Dr. Taylor appeare'd that the clerk called the leader of the crowd and pointed out Dr. Taylor as the man whose name was on the hotel register. The crowd quickly dispersed. Joseph Redington Chamberlain. To the up- building of some of North Carolina 's most im- portant industries Joseph Eedington Chamberlain has given the best years of his active life. He has lived in this state upwards of thirty years, and HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 57 came to North Carolina originally as an educator. For several years after the opening of the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, he was at the head of its department of agriculture live stock and dairying. He entered that service in 1889, aud the previous year was agriculturist of the North Carolina Experiment Station. He was born at Kanona, New York, September 22, 1861, and acquired a liberal and technical edu- cation, receiving his scientific degree from Cornell University. It was immediately after his gradua- tion from Cornell that he came to North Carolina. Though he gave up his chair in the Agricultural and Mechanical College after a few years, Mr. Chamberlain has always found a practical use for his scientific knowledge in the special lines of business to which he has devoted himself. He was one of the first among North Carolina's progressive citizens to engage in the manufacture of fertilizers. He is now president of the Cra- leigh Phosphate and Fertilizer Works. This is the only concern in North Carolina manufacturing its own potash at its Utah plant, and has one of the most complete fertilizer plants of its kind in the country. The company also turns out all grades of fertilizers, manufacturing in its various sub- sidies between fifty and sixty thousand tons every year. Mr. Chamberlain showed his resourcefulness when the supply of potash was cut off during the war in Europe, and he soon found the raw material to make as good potash as the world produces to fill the place of the formerly imported product, so that the output of the company has increased during the past three years. Mr. Chamberlain is president of the Farmers' Cotton Oil Company of Wilson, North Carolina, of the Kanona Company, Incorporated, the Farmers Guano Company of Norfolk, Virginia, is president and a large stockholder in the Cara- leigh Cotton Mills of Raleigh, and vice president of the Raleigh Cotton Mills, and vice president and one of the founders of the Capudine Chemical Company. He is also a director in tne Raleigh Banking and Trust Company. His early training and scientific interests in agricultural problems have kept him intensely alert as to every advance in industrial methods in North Carolina farm life, and he is himself the owner of over 800 acres near Method, and spends some of his happiest hours on that farm looking after its management and enjoying country life. He is an ardent fisherman and a lover of all that nature has to offer. During the thirty years he has spent in Raleigh he has been aligned with every progressive move- ment for the upbuilding of its industrial and civic resources. He is a member of the Seaton Gales Lodge of Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Capital Club, the Country Club, the Rotary Club and the Milburnie Fishing Club. In 1891 Mr. Chamberlain married Miss Hope Summerell of Salisbury, North Carolina. Their children are: Miss Mary Mitchell Chamberlain, Jesse Mark, John Summerell and Joseph Redington Chamberlain, Jr. Henry M. John. A former member of the North Carolina Legislature, and long prominent in public affairs in Robeson County, Henry M. John resides at Lumber Bridge, where he has some extensive interests in planting and lumber manufacture. His business and citizenship have been outstanding facts that have earned him a generous measure of public esteem and apprecia- tion, and he is one of several members of what has been a truly notable family in North Carolina. Mr. John was born at Blenheim, Marlboro County, North Carolina, in 1857, son of James Thomas and Margaret (MaeRae) John. His great- grandfather, Griffith John, was one of three broth- ers who emigrated from Wales and settled in Pennsylvania. Griffith John and another brother prior to the Revolution moved to Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. His son, Daniel John, married Mary Spears and they were parents of Captain James Thomas John, who was born in Marlboro County in 1825. He was captain of militia in Marlboro County, but enlisted in the Confederate army as a private. He was in all branches of the service, first in the Heavy Coast Artillery, then in the Light Artillery 'and finally in the Cavalry and Infantry. He rose to the rank of lieutenant and at different times commanded his company as captain. He was accorded a high place as a brave and efficient soldier and officer. ■ After the war in 1866 he moved to what is now Scotland County, North Carolina, and the com- munity where he located has long been known as John, a station on the Atlantic Coast Line in the southeastern part of Scotland County. His wife's estate embraced a large body of unimproved land in that locality and Captain John did much to clear it up and put it under cultivation. He be- came a successful farmer . and a man of wealth and influence. It has been a tradition in the John family for generations to emphasize education, and all the children of Captain John received the best of college and professional training. Captain John died in 1910. He and his wife were married in 1856. His wife was a member of one of the prominent Scotch families of North Carolina. Henry M. John was nine years old when in 1866 the family moved to what is now Scotland County, North Carolina, and he grew up on the old planta- tion at the Village of John. Besides his educa- tion in the local schools he attended the University of North Carolina one year. After reaching man- hood he started farming for himself at Rowland in Robeson County and was located there until 1905, when he established his present home l 1 /^ miles south of Lumber Bridge in Lumber Bridge Township. Mr. John's plantation comprises 550 acres, constituting a high class farm and also con- taining much valuable timber land. Mr. John operates a lumber mill and cotton gin in addition to actively supervising the growing and cultiva- tion of large crops. A number of times his fellow citizens have honored him with public trust and position. He served as a member of the board of county com- missioners of Robeson County from 1898 to 1902, four years. He was elected to represent the county in the Lower House of the State Legislature in 1906. His was a most creditable record in the notable session of 1907 when the state prohibition law was enacted and when the railroad question was a dominant issue. Mr. John is a member of the Lumber Bridge Presbyterian Church. He has a splendid family. He married Miss Effie Neill, of Robeson County. All their children have been well educated, and are brieflv noted with their names: Daniel R., who attended Oak Ridge Institute; Mrs. Kittie Sparger, a graduate of Guilford College; Lacy John, a graduate of the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh; Cora, a graduate of the State Normal and Indus- 58 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA trial Institute at Greensboro; Miss Margaret, who was also a student at the State Normal; and W. C. John, now attending Trinity College. Raymond Cromwell Dunn. One of the lead- ing lawyers of Halifax County, located at En- field, Raymond C. Dunn's professional ability is supplemented by the sturdy citizenship which has made him known and popular throughout that section of North Carolina. He was born at Scotland Neck, North Caro- lina, November 16, 1882, son of James Leonidas and Dorothy Marian (Arington) Dunn. Mr. Dunn acquired his education in the Vine Hill Academy and the Scotland Neck Military School, and from there entered Wake Forest College, where he graduated from the law department in 1903, be- fore he was twenty-one years of age. As soon as he was qualified by admission to the bar he began practice at Enfield, and has enjoyed many influential associations with the business and pro- fessional affairs of that community. He is at- torney for the Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line Railways, is a director of the Bank of Enfield and the Commercial and Farmers Bank, and is a member in good standing of the North Carolina Bar Association. Mr. Dunn is a trustee of the Baptist Church and is now serving as chairman of the Enfield School Board. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Bite Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. October 18, 1905, he married Miss Stella Pip- pen. They have one child, Dorothy Marion. Oscar E. Snow. A popular and prosperous attorney of Pilot Mountain and a highly respected and influential citizen, Oscar E. Snow is a native born son of Surry County, his birth having oc- curred February 18, 1874, on a farm in Dobson Township. His father, Jordan H. Snow, was born in Patrick County, Virginia, in 1829. Brought up on a farm, Jordan H. Snow was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits in his early man- hood, but subsequently changed his occupation, be- coming a manufacturer of tobacco. Soon after the breaking out of the Civil war he enlisted in the Confederate army, and continued in service until a short time before the' close of the conflict. Being then captured by the enemy, he was confined as a prisoner of war until given his parole, when he returned to his home. Migrating to North Carolina in 1868, he located in Dobson Township, purchasing the plantation on which he has since resided, and on which he has made many im- provements of value. He married Laura Wil- liams, who was born in Rockford Township, Surry County, a daughter of Thomas Jackson and Win- nie (Somers) Williams. She died at the age of forty-four years, leaving nine children, as follows: J., Lula, Oscar E., Walter, Lela, Elbert, Conder, Hettie and Ulmer. Gaining his first knowledge of books in the dis- trict school of his native township, Oscar E. Snow subsequently continued his studies at Fairview College, and at the academies in Boonville and Siloam. Desirous of entering the legal profession, lie then began the study of law with Judge A. C. Avery, and after his admission to the bar, in 1896, opened an office at Pilot Mountain. Soon after the declaration of the Spanish-American war, on April 30, 1898, Mr. Snow's patriotic ardor being awakened, he enlisted in Company K, First North Carolina Volunteer Infantry, which had the dis- tinction of being the first regiment to enter the City of Havana. Being honorably discharged from the service on April 30, 1899, he returned to his home. Soon after, wishing to review his studies and further advance his legal knowledge, Mr. Snow entered the law department o± Wake Forest College. Completing the course of study in that institution, he resumed his practice at Pilot Moun- tain, and in the time that has since elapsed has built up a large and highly satisfactory practice. Mr. Snow married January 1, 1905, Miss Laura M. Fulp, who was born on a farm in Long Hill Township, a daughter of J. G. and Zilpha Fulp. Mr. and Mrs. Snow are the parents of six daugh- ters, namely: Wilma, Ethel, Gertrude, Eva, Leoda and Christine. Mrs. Snow is a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally Mr. Snow belongs to Pilot Mountain Council No. 194, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He takes great interest in public affairs, and has served as mayor of Pilot Mountain and as chairman and secretary of the local school board. At the pres- ent time, in 1917, he is an active member of the Surry County Board of Education. Hon. Charles P. Matheson, president of the Bank of Alexander at Taylorsville, a member of the State Senate in 1917, has been the personal medium through which the wholesome characteris- tics of an old and well known family of this section of North Carolina have expressed themselves in the present generation and to the good and welfare of the county and state. Senator Matheson was born at Taylorsville in Alexander County in 1875. The Mathesons are one of the oldest families' of prominence in the county. His great-great-grandfather named Donald Matheson was born in Scotland and with two brothers came from their native city of Edin- burgh to America. Later, some years before the Revolutionary war, he removed to North Carolina, and located near the present Town of Taylorsville. His location was then in Iredell County, a portion of which "was subsequently taken to constitute a part of Alexander County. The Mathesons have lived in this community continuously since that time. Most of them have had their homes within a mile and a half or two miles of Taylorsville and some of them in the Town of Taylorsville since it was established. Mr. Matheson 's great-grand- father was also named Donald Matheson. His grandfather, William Matheson, also spent his life in Alexander County. Charles P. Matheson is the youngest son of Robert Partee and Martha Clarissa (Carson) Matheson, the former now deceased and the latter still living. His father, the late Hon. Robert P. Matheson, was a man of prominence and distinc- tion in his day. During the war he was clerk of the court of Alexander County and discharged a number of other government duties during that period. After the war he filled other public of- fices in both county and state, and for several terms represented the county in the State Legis- lature. His death occurred at Taylorsville in 1909. One of his brothers, the late Pink Matheson of Watauga County, was for many years a leading figure in the affairs of that county and filled many public positions of trust and importance. He is remembered by all who knew him for his distinctive and attractive characteristics, his education and wide reading, his powers as an interesting con- versationalist and master of anecdote and reminis- cence, a typical gentleman of that period, always very punctual and precise in his habits of life and elegant in his attire. There were several other UMhM* HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 59 brothers and sisters of the late Robert P. Matheson, and they and their children were and are people of prominence and achievement. Senator Matheson 's mother is a member of the Carson family of Iredell County, early settlers and pioneers of the Piedmont section of North Caro- lina. It is well authenticated that the famous scout, Kit Carson, a member of this family, was born in Iredell County about eight miles north of Statesville. Charles P. Matheson received his early education in the local schools of Taylorsville and spent three and a half years in Davidson College. It was perhaps a matter of ancestral inheritance that when only a youth he became interested in politics and has had quite a career in that field. He con- tinued to be one of the most popular men in this section of the state, wielding a strong influence in politics and business, a leader of his community, and with a host of warm admirers and followers. For four years he was sheriff of Alexander County and after that was clerk of the court for six years, although his party was in the minority. In 1916 he was elected state senator for the Senatorial District embracing Alexander, McDowell, Burke and Caldwell counties. During the session of 1917 Mr. Matheson was member of the Finance Committee and member of the Appropriations and other important committees. He is serving his third appointment as one of the directors of the State Hispitals for the Insane and feels that he is doing more real work for humanity in this way than in any other work he has been engaged in. He likes the work and feels that he is giving time, interest and energy to a great work. In business affairs his most prominent connection is with the Bank of Alexander at Taylorsville, of which he has been president since 1912. His management of this bank has been so popular and successful that notwithstanding Taylorsville is a good sized town, county seat of a good county, and does the banking business for a large extent of territory, including the important industries of Taylorsville, no one has seemed to find it a good opening to establish a rival bank. The presence of half a dozen competing financial institutions could not improve the fine courtesy and the accommoda- tion to the public with which Mr. Matheson con- ducts the bank. The Bank of Alexander was founded by one of Mr. Matheson 's uncles, the late "W. B. Matheson, who was its president for a number of years. Prior to entering the banking field, Mr. Matheson was in the roller mill and cotton mill business at Taylorsville, being president of the Watts Manu- facturing Comranv operating the mill now owned by the Liledoun Manufacturing Company. Various other interests occupy his time. He is engaged in farming and believes in full blooded stock. He is chief owner and president of the Davis Springs Hotel at Hiddenite, Alexander Countv, s'x miles from Tavlorsville. This is a noted health resort and watering place and every summer is crowded with tourists. Mr. Matheson and his mother make this their summer home. Redmond Stanley Wells has for forty-five years been identified with business affairs at' Elm City, and has taken the lead in many movements that have created a larger prosperity and possi- bilities of progress for that community. Mr. Wells was born in Nash County, North Carolina, July 18, 1S4S. son of Redmond Daniel and Emma (Tay- lor) Wells. His father was a planter and the son grew up on the home farm until he was twenty- one, in the meantime having the advantages of both public and private schools. On leaving his father 's farm he worked as clerk in a general store for a year and then became associated with W. S. Parker, under the firm name of Parker & Wells, then conducting a general store at Joynes. After six years Mr. Wells moved to Elm City in 1872 and since 1876 has been in business for himself, proprietor of a large general store that has always carried a stock of goods fully com- mensurate with the needs and demands of the growing community around the town. Mr. Wells was also one of the organizers of the Toisnot Bank- ing Company of Elm City and has been its presi- dent since 1901. He is a director of the Under- writers ' Fire Insurance Company of Rocky Mount, and with all the heavy responsibilities he has car- ried as a business man has never neglected the well being of the community in which he lives. He has served in the office of alderman and for years was a member of the graded school board. He is an active member and steward of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South. April 6, 1881, Mr. Wells married Bettie Mercer, of Edgecombe County, North Carolina. They have one son, William Mercer Wells, who has already attained an enviable position in business affairs. He was born May 18, 1884, was graduated from Trinity College at Durham in 1907, and then re- turned to Elm City and for two years was assistant cashier in the Toisnot Banking Company and is still a director of that company. His main busi- ness is farming, and with his father he owns and cultivates 1,800 acres of land. He is president of the Carolina Land Company and has served as a member of the City Commission of Elm City. He is a York Rite Mason and Shriner and belongs to the Greek Letter fraternity Pi Kappa Alpha. James Lewis Evans, who has achieved some of the success which his attainments and natural abilities justified in the profession of law, is a native son of Pitt County and is located in prac- tice at Greenville. He was born in Greenville, Pitt County, August 22, 1889, a son of William Franklin and Anne M. (Sermons) Evans. His father died when he was two years old and he was brought up on the farm by his uncle, James (Tobe) Evans. James L. Evans was educated in the grammar and high schools of Greenville, attended the Uni- versity of North Carolina one year, and took his law course in Wake Forest College. He left that school in August, 1912, and has since been busy in building up a general practice as a law- yer at Greenville. Mr. Evans is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Im- proved Order of Red Men, and the Woodmen of the World. On April 26, 1911, he married M'ss Novella Tucker, of Pitt County. Mrs. Evans died Decem- ber 4, 1913, leaving a daughter, Margaret Gold Evans. On May 4, 1918. Mr. Evans enlisted as yeoman in the Navy and is now in the service of his country. Harold A. Rouzer. Possessing a remarkable aptitude for business, being keen and alert to take advantage of opportunities, and broad and bright enough to handle the affairs of the various organi- zations of wh'ch he is at the head, Harold A. Rouzer is numbered among the representative citi- 60 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA zens of Salisbury and is one of the most active and prominent business men of the city, being treasurer and manager of the Rowan Hardware and Machine Company and president not only of the Eouzer Garage Company and the Salisbury Chamber of Commerce, but of the Young Men's Christian Association of Salisbury. A son of Charles A. Rouzer, he was born at Pen Mar, Frank- lin County, Pennsylvania, of French ancestry. His paternal great-grandfather, a native of France, came with a brother to America, and hav- ing located in Taneytown, Maryland, established a tannery and operated it the remainder of his life. The brother who accompanied him to this country was a lawyer by profession, and after settling in Baltimore, Maryland, met with great success in his legal career, becoming a Federal judge. Simon Peter Eouzer, Mr. Eouzer 's grandfather, was born, bred and educated in Taueytown, Mary- land. He was a man of versatile talent, indus- trious and enterprising, and a few years after his marriage moved with his family to Pennsylvania. Buying a tract of land in Franklin County, he established the town of Eouzerville, and subse- quently engaged in various lines of industry. He opened a general store, putting in a large stock of merchandise, and was also engaged in agricul- tural pursuits, having cleared and improved a farm in that vicinity. Never letting an opportu- nity for advancing his interests slip, he made a business of buying standing timber, and by the use of portable saw mills converted the huge giants of the forest into lumber, which he sold at a good profit, and likewise owned and operated a cannery, giving his personal attention to each of these in- dustries. He was a man of strong physical as well as mental power, and lived to a ripe old age, dying at his home in Eouzerville in 1916, aged eighty-two years. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Hawk, died in 1906. Of the seven chil- dren born of their union, two died when about eighteen years of age and five are living, as fol- lows: Charles A., Emma, Kate, Carrie and Clara. Charles A. Eouzer was born, in 1861, at Taney- town, Maryland. At the age of sixteen years he entered the service of the Western Maryland Rail- road Company as telegraph operator, later being made train dispatcher. Resigning the position after a few years, he embarked in horticultural pursuits, first in Pennsylvania and later at Spring Hill, near Mobile, Alabama, raising different kinds of fruit. He is now living at Thomasville, Georgia, where he is carrying on an extensive business in the growing of pecans. He married Anna Hess, who was born in Quincy, Franklin County, Penn- sylvania, a daughter of John and Lovina Hess, and they are the parents of three children, namely: Harold Allen, of whom we write; Ira W., who is connected with the Schloss Iron and Steel Company of Birmingham, Alabama; and Mary E. Educated in Pennsylvania, Harold A. Eouzer attended first the Eouzerville schools, later the Spartanburg school, the Sheppensburg Normal, and completed his studies at the Pennsylvania College. Entering then the service of Mr. Frick, of the Frick Company, he continued as his private secretary until 1907. Coming to Salisbury, North Carolina, in that year, Mr. Rouzer purchased the stock and good will of the Rowan Hardware Com- pany, now the Rowan Hardware and Machine Company, and has since served ably and accept- ably as its treasurer and general manager. He is also officially identified, as mentioned above, with various other organizations of the city, hold- ing a place of prominence and influence in its business and social life. Mr. Rouzer married, in 1908, Mary Edna Mc- Cubbins, who was born in Salisbury, a daughter of J. S. and Leonora (Neeley) McCubbins. Xnree children have blessed their union, Harold Allen, Jr., Margaret and Mary. Religiously Mr. and Mrs. Rouzer are faithful members of the Presby- terian Church, and contribute liberally towards its support. Mr. Rouzer is one of the directors of the Morris Plan Bank of Salisbury, a substan- tial financial institution of the city. Absalom Turner Grant. One of the oldest and most highly esteemed citizens of Moeksville, Davie County, Absalom Turner Grant, clerk of the Supe- rior Court, is well and favorably known in the legal circles of Western North Carolina as a most courteous, painstaking and faithful public official. A native of Yadkin County, he was born May 15, 1837, a son of Robinson Grant. Absalom Grant, his grandfather, was born and reared in England. Immigrating to America in early manhood, he located in Norfolk, Virginia, where he followed his trade of a ship carpenter during the remainder of his life. The maiden name of his wife was Keziah Wilson. She sur- vived him, and subsequently came with one of her sons to North Carolina. After living in this state for awhile she accompanied her son to Georgia, where her death occurred a few years later. She reared three children, Nathan, Robinson, and Re- becca. Eobinson Grant was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and there served an apprenticeship at the cabinet- maker 's trade. Coming to North Carolina in 1820, he settled in that section of Surry County that is now included within the limits of Yadkin County, and there followed his trade for eighteen years. In 1838, accompanied by his family, he migrated to Georgia, making the removal with teams, that being in those days the only mode of transporta- tion. Locating in Talbot County, which was then sparsely populated, he contracted a fever, and died soon after. He married Sarah Davie Turner, who was born in what is now Yadkin County, this state, a daughter of Elias and Sarah Turner. Her father, a life-long resident of Surry, now Yadkin County, succeeded to the ownership of the parental homestead, to the area of which he added by the purchase of other tracts of land, and in addition to carrying on general farming was an extensive dealer in furs. When left a widow in a strange land, she immediately notified her father, who sent teams to Georgia to bring her and her family back to her old home. A woman of energy and capability, she kept her family of four children, Virginia, Sarah D., Absalom Turner, and Elizabeth, together until all were grown. Having married for her second husband John A. McGill, she lived for a time in Davie County, this state, and then re- moved to Marshall County, Iowa, where she spent the closing years of her life. Gleaning his first knowledge of books in the rural schools. Absalom T. Grant subsequently at- tended Old Trinity College, fitting himself for a professional career. In 1858 he accepted a position as teacher in the Baxter School, about three miles from Moeksville, and succeeded so well that he continued teaching for four years. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-seventh Regiment, North Carolina Troops, and under command of Stonewall Jackson joined Lee's army in Virginia HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 61 With his regiment, he participated in many en- gagements of note, including the Battle of Gettys- burg. On the eighth of February, 1865, Mr. Grant was captured at Hatchers Run, and taken to Point Lookout, where he was detailed for special duty. Being paroled on June 16, 1S65, he returned home, and soon after resumed his professional labors, teaching at Liberty, Torrentine, Bethel, and Jerusalem. In 1878 Mr. Grant was appointed store keeper and gauger, and served in that capacity about four years. In 1882 he was elected clerk of the Superior Court, and, with the exception of four years, has since rilled that position, perform- ing the duties devolving upon him with credit to himself, and to the satisfaction of all concerned. Mr. Grant married, at the age of twenty-two years, Rebecca Parker, who was born in Davie County, North Carolina, a daughter of Turner S. and Elizabeth (Daniels) Parker. Mr. and Mrs. Grant are the parents of six children, namely: Lelia, Annie Parker, Ada, Sarah, Robinson S., and Absalom Turner, Jr. Religiously both Mr. and Mrs. Grant are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Fraternally Mr. Grant belongs to Mocksville Lodge, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Hox. William Andrew Maunet. Of the citi- zens of Cleveland County who have contributed through their labors and talents to the financial and business upbuilding of the community, few are better known than Hon. William Andrew Mauney, builder and owner of large cotton mills, banker, merchant and man of wealth and extensive interests. But Mr. Mauney is something more. He has occupied a prominent place in business af- fairs for many years, but is probably as well or better known for his distinguished public services, both as a state senator and in the Lower House of the North Carolina Legislature, of which body he is a member at this time. Through sterling, worth-while and conscientious devotion to the duties of his high office, this honored veteran of the Civil war has won the confidence and respect of the peo- ple not only of his home community of King's Mountain, but throughout the county. Hon. William Andrew Mauney was born at the old Mauney homestead in Cleveland County, North Carolina, about 4% miles southeast of the Town of Cherryville, in 1841, being a son of David and Fannie (Carpenter) Mauney, both natives of what is now Gaston County. The Mauneys trace their descent from three brothers, Christian, Jacob and Valentine Mauney, of German ancestry, who came to North Carolina from Pennsylvania during colonial days. According to the official records, Valentine Mauney received a grant of land on Indian Creek, in what is now Gaston County, November 3, 1762, Jacob Mauney was given a grant of land April 19, 1763, while Christian Mauney, from whom Senator Mauney is descended, received a grant of 350 acres of land on Beaver Creek, September 8, 1770. Christian Mauney was the great-grandfather of Senator Mauney. As is traditional with the German peoples, the succeeding generations continued to live on and in the immediate vicinity of these original grants of land, and are so living today, although many of the descendants have gone out into adjoining counties of North Carolina, and a few to other states, a number of the name being found in Tennessee, Kentucky and elsewhere. .The Mauney community was about the center of the old County of Tryon, which, under the subsequent United States Government, became divided into the pres- ent counties of Lincoln, Gaston, Catawba, Cleve- land and one or two others. By act of the North Carolina Assembly of 1774, a parcel of land on the Christian Mauney place was purchased and set aside as the county seat of Tryon County. It remained as such and the courts were held there and all county business transacted at this place until Tryon County was blotted out in 1779. The county seat for the new County of Lincoln re- mained in this locality and on the Mauney place until 1783, when the county seat of Lincoln County was established at Lincolnton. It was at this county seat on the old Mauney place that the Tryon Declaration of Freedom was proclaimed in August, 1775. This was a' very bold and plain- spoken declaration against the British war on the American colonies. It will be seen that the old Mauney home place is one rich in historical fact and legend. It was the site of the colonial home of Christian Mauney, the site of the old Tryon County courthouse, here was formulated and signed the Tryon Declaration of Freedom, as noted, and it was one of the camps of Lord Cornwallis and the English army in their march through Lincoln County. Among the children of Christian Mauney was Peter Mauney, who married Barbara Heavener and became the grandfather of Senator Mauney. Like his father before him, he was industrious, frugal and energetic, and became an influential man in his community. The family has in every generation been noted for its public spirit and for the sterling characteristics of its members. The early forefathers, when they had built their log cabins in the wilderness, set themselves with- out delay to the erection of their pioneer schools and churches, having brought with them to this community Luther's translation of the Bible. In addition to being faithful to their religion, they have always been strong devotees of education, and have steadfastly encouraged schools and colleges by their influence and in a monetary way. Those who have followed the pioneer founders of the family have lived up to the best traditions of the name, and have kept its record free from stain or blemish of any kind, in public or private life. David Mauney, the father of Senator Mauney, was born in 1814, and died in 1900. In young manhood he began his career as a farmer, and subsequently was one of the first to operate a saw- mill in his part of the state. Later, when the cotton mill business was starting, Mr. Mauney had the foresight to realize that this was to be a great industry, and therefore engaged therein, and, with his son, built numerous mills in this locality. He became a successful business man and influ- ential citizen, and died full of years and honors. William Andrew Mauney was born six miles from the original home place mentioned in the fore- going, and received his education in the old field schools and under instruction at a classical college in Catawba County. He was but fifteen years of age when he began teaching in the public schools, but his career as an educator was interrupted by the outbreak of the war between the South and the North, and he accordingly left the school room to don the uniform of the Gray and to shoulder a musket in defense of the cause which he thought right. In April. 1861, he was accepted as a member of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, North Carolina Infantry, and subsequently was assigned 62 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA to the position of commissary. He served through- out the period of the great war, being constantly with General Lee's army of Northern Virginia with the exception of several months when he was held a prisoner in the Federal prisons at Fort Delaware and on Governor's Island. When he returned from the war, with an excel- lent military record, Senator Mauney again settled in the vicinity of the old home place, where his attention was given to various vocations, includ- ing teaching, farming and mercantile pursuits. He remained on the old home place until 1873, when he located at King 's Mountain in Cleveland County, just at the line of Gaston County, and here he has resided to the present time. His beautiful home adjoins the older and smaller house which he first occupied on coming here. With his characteristic Mauney energy, enterprise and sagacity, he has been the leading factor in building up the Town of King's Mountain to its present thriving and progressive stage; with its several large cotton mills and other industries, its banks, stores and adjacent prosperous agricultural region. Begin- ning with his father and brothers, he has built a number of successful cotton mills in Gaston and Cleveland counties, the first one being erected in 1888, at King's Mountain, the mill of the King's Mountain Manufacturing Company. The next was built at Cherryville, about 1890, and following this came the Long Shoals Cotton Mill, located in Lincoln County. The Long Shoals mill was then followed by the Bonnie Mill, at King's Mountain, erected in 1900, and now one of Mr. Mauney 's most successful enterprises, although he has vari- ous other enterprises, being an officer and director in ten cotton mills. He is likewise president of the First National Bank of King's Mountain, and the head of several successful mercantile estab- lishments, the principal ones being the general mercantile firm of W. A. Mauney & Company and the Mauney Drug Company, both at King's Moun- tain, and is the principal owner of the Kiser Lum- ber Company, also located at this place. His stand- ing in the business world is one which is only at- tained by a man whose every action has been guided by a sense of integrity and a regard for business ethics, while his ability may be gauged by the absolute confidence his associates in his various enterprises place in his judgment and acumen. In addition to being a man of wealth and broad resources in the business world, Senator Mauney is a citizen of wide influence in political and public affairs. He was elected and served as state senator from his district for one term, and in the fall of 1916 was elected to represent his county, Cleve- land, in the Lower House of the North Carolina Legislature. He has in both business and public life accomplished much for the general welfare and advancement of his town and county. Senator Mauney has been married three times. His first wife was Susan Ramsaur, who became the mother of three children, namely: Ida, who is the wife of C. E. Neisler; Laura, who is the wife of W. A. Ridenhauer; and Hunter, who married Miss Jessie Mundy. The second wife of Senator Mauney was before her marriage Miss Carrie Hope, and there are no surviving children of this union. Senator Mauney 's present wife was Miss Candace Miller, and they are the parents of two daughters, the Misses Bonnie and Virginia, the former a graduate of Elizabeth College, class of 1915, and the latter now a student in the same institution. Richard J. Grantham. The career of Richard J. Grantham is an exemplification of the fact that the individual who possesses ambition and determination can rise to high position, and that industry and perseverance are predominating fac- tors in the winning of deserved success. During a period of twenty-five years Mr. Grantham's fortunes have been identified with those of Wil- son, where he holds the important responsibility of caring for the water, electric light, gas, sewer- age, etc., of the county seat in the capacity of manager of the city's plant. He is variously connected with business interests here, and is likewise one of the prominent agriculturists of the county. Mr. Grantham was born at Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina, November 3, 1872, and is a son of David A. and Anna (Cox) Grantham. The family of which he is a member has been long and favorably known in Wayne County, the principal family occupation being farming, and several have held official positions of importance. His father was one of the well-to-do agricultur- ists of the community, and a man who not only held the respeet of his fellow-citizens because of his industry and the honorable manner in which he carried out his agreements, but by reason of the efficient and busineslike manner in which he discharged the duties of sheriff of Wayne County, a position which he occupied for twelve years. During his boyhood in Wayne County Richard. J. Grantham divided his time between attending the public schools and assisting his father in the work of the home farm, and it was intended by the elder man that the youth should follow an agricultural career after attaining his ma- jority. This was, however, distasteful to young Richard, who managed to find odd times to ap- ply to investigation of his favorite subject, elec- trical work, and to experiments therein. He thus developed an aptitude for this kind of work that amounted to something out of the ordinary, and he finally secured his father's consent to allow him to attend Trinity College at Durham, North Carolina. While attending that institution he helped to pay for his tuition by taking care of the light plant, and at no time in bis career has there been a period when he was not m some way or another connected with this kind of work. A young college graduate, on October 2S, 1892, Mr Grantham came to Wilson for the first time to assist in the building of the electric light plant, and by the time this was finished he had formed connections that he has never since seen fit to break. In 1893 he was placed in charge and superintended the construction of the water plant of the City of Wilson, and in August of the same year was made manager. In 1906 he was put in the complete charge by being made manager of both the water and electric light plants, and in this capacity is held responsible for the correct working of the electric and gas light, water and sewerage systems of the city. During the period of his occupancy the City of Wilson has enjoyed most excellent service in this connection and the citizens are thoroughly satis- fied with this official's labors in behalf of the public welfare. While a resident of Wilson Mr. Grantham has become convinced of the future prosperity of this section of the state and has accordingly invested his means here in various ways. He is a director of the Planters Bank, one of the leading finan- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 63 cial institutions of the county, a director of the Wilson Home and Loan Association, another well known concern, and a member of the loan board of the Morris Plan Bank. He is extensively engaged in farming, having some 1,200 acres under cultivation. In other ways he has entered actively into the life of the community, and is at this time a member of the Country Club, the local lodges of the Masons and the Odd Fellows, and the Eotary Club. Mr. Grantham was united in marriage with Miss Fannie Daniel, of Wilson, in September, 1905, and they are the parents of three children, namely: Thomas Daniel, Kemp Dickinson and Marjorie. Noah Webster Collett. Having made a wise and diligent use of his faculties and opportunities, Noah W. Collett has been variously employed dur- ing his active career, and through industry, energy and good judgment has steadily climbed the lad- der of success, at the present time, in 1917, being a member of the manufacturing firm of Graf, Davis, Collett Company, which is carrying on a large and profitable business in the manufacture of building material, sash, doors and blinds. He was born in Midway Township, Davidson County, North Carolina, a son of John Collett, and grand- son of James Collett, both of whom were natives of Thomasville Township, Davidson County. His great-grandfather, Ezekiel Collett, was a planter in Thomasville Township, and but little else is known of his history. It is supposed, however, that he belonged to that branch of the Collett family that settled farther west in this state, and whose descendants are numerous, and are to be found in many of the states lying west of North Carolina. On arriving at man 's estate, James Collett em- barked in farming in his native township, but sub- sequently moved with his family to Midway Town- ship, where he bought a plantation and was suc- cessfully engaged in the tilling of the soil until his death, at the age of sixty-three years. He married Miss Margaret Taggart, whose parents emigrated from Ireland to North Carolina, and settled on a farm in Thomasville Township, where she was born. She had four brothers, Francis, Jacob, Solomon and Jesse, all of whom removed to Missouri, Solomon Taggart settling in Johnson County and the other three brothers in Lafayette County. Brought up on his father 's plantation, John Collett bought adjoining land in early manhood, and having added somewhat, to the improvements previously begun, sold, and bought a farm in Thomasville Township. A few years later he dis- posed of that, and bought other land in Thomas- ville Township, where he was engaged in agricul- tural pursuits for awhile. Again selling out, he bought land lying on the west line of Randolph County, where he farmed for a time before dis- posing of it. He then purchased a farm, a part of which is now included within the limits of the Town of Thomasville, and there spent his re- maining days, dying at the age of sixty-five years. The maiden name of his wife was Sarah Green. She was born in Midway Township, a daughter of John and Betsey (Keineclay) Green. She died at the comparatively early age of forty-five years. Four of her children are now living, as follows: Ladora, wife of J.- R. Stone; Noah Webster; James P. ; and Fanny, who married J. A. Lindsay. Noah W. Collett attended the rural schools in his youth and assisted in the labors incidental to farm life. On attaining his majority he entered the employ of the Richmond and Danville Rail- road Company, with which he was connected for eight years, first as fireman and the last four years as engineer. Resigning that position November 15, 1889, Mr. Collett accepted a position as engi- neer on the Seaboard Air Line, and remained in that capacity for nine years and fifteen days. The ensuing six years Mr. Collett was engaged in the laundry business at Athens, Georgia. Locat- ing then in Salisbury, he was engaged in the manu- facture of furniture for a few years. In 1909 the Graf, Davis, Collett Company was incorporated for the purpose of manufacturing sash, doors and blinds and all kinds of building material, includ- ing both exterior and interior furnishings and fin- ishings. This enterprising firm has a large plant amply equipped with all of the most modern ap- proved machinery and appliances for carrying on its manufactures, and is doing a large business, not only in Salisbury but in the surrounding country. Mr. Collett married first, at the age of twenty- seven years, Mamie Hayes, who was born in Bur- lington, North Carolina, a daughter of Michael and Mary (Sellers) Hayes. She passed to the life beyond in early womanhood. Mr. Collett married for his second wife Lulie Hughes, who was born in Abbeville, South Carolina, a daughter of Cicero Hughes, who married a Miss Rainey. By his first marriage Mr. Collett had two chil- dren, Mary I., who was born at the home of her mother in Burlington, North Carolina, married James C. Hunter, and has one son, James C. Hunter, Jr. ; and John H., born in Abbeville, Georgia, who left the University of Virginia be- fore graduation to enter the United States Avia- tion Corps, and met an accidental death at San Antonio, Texas, dying at the age of twenty-two years. By his second marriage Mr. Collett has two children, Flora May, who was born in Athens, Georgia, and Noah W., Jr., who was born in Salis- bury, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Collett are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has served for a number of years as steward. Fraternally he is member of Fulton Lodge No. 99, _ Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. Mr. Collett has lived in many places and has had varied experiences. He can recall many incidents of pioneer life, among other things remembering when his father raised sheep and took wool to Fries Mill in Salem to have it spun. He then brought it home, and his wife wove the material in which she clothed her household. Edwin Anderson Metts, a wholesale grocer of Wilmington, and prominent as a yachtsman, rep- resents one of the old families of North Carolina and has spent almost his entire life in the City of Wilmington. He was born August 10, 1880, at Wilmington, a son of James Isaac and Cornelia (Cowan') Meets. His father was for many years in business as a wholesale merchant. He was educated in private schools, in the Cape Fear Academy, the Daniel Morrell Academy, and in 1898, left the University of North Carolina. On leaving college he was taken into his father's business and for ten years the firm was known as James I. Meets & Son. He then acquired a large interest, in the Worth Company, wholesale grocers, and has since been president of this concern, which is one of the largest firms of its kind in North Carolina and has 64 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA done much to upbuild Wilmington's position as a trade center. For a number of years Mr. Metts has been one of the citizens of North Carolina who has practiced military efficiency as an active member of the National Guard. In 1898 he joined as private the Wilmington Light Infantry, was promoted to lieutenant and battalion adjutant of the Second Eegiment in 1903, was promoted to regimental adjutant in 1908, and in 1909 became captain of the Wilmington Light Infantry. He is now on the retired list with the rank of major. As a yachtsman his exploits are well known among all followers of that sport. For two terms he served as commodore of the Carolina Yacht Club. He has commanded two of the best known pleasure boats in Carolina waters, the yacht Puzzle and the yacht Calypso, both of which have won various trophies and the Calypso captured the James Walters cup recently. Mr. Metts is a member of the Cape Fear Country Club, is an active Mason, being affiliated with St. John Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons and with Sepia Grotto, an organization of Master Masons. He and his family are members of St. James Episcopal Church. On June 20, 1905, he married Miss Elizabeth Cotchett of Wilmington. They are the parents of three children: Edwin Anderson, Jr., James Isaac, Jr., and Elizabeth Green. Eobert Herring Wright. While his position as first and only president of the East Carolina Teach- ers' Training School at Greenville makes Mr. Wright one of the dominant factors in North Caro- lina educational affairs today, his career apart from that has been one of distinction and ac- cumulating responsibilities in school work and citizenship. Mr. Wright was born at Parkersburg, Sampson County, North Carolina, May 21, 1870, a son of John C. and Betty Vaiden (Herring) Wright. He grew up on his father's farm and attended both public and subscription schools. Largely as a result of his determination to secure a liberal edu- cation he advanced by attendance at the Oak Ridge Institute and in 1897 graduated Bachelor of Sci- ence from the University of North Carolina. He was a post-graduate student during 1901-02 at Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, and was in the Teachers College of Columbia University in 1906. Mr. Wright began teaching in 1891. His first school was in one of the country districts of Bladen County, and he had charge of the entire school, all the pupils being in one room. He continued his work in public schools both in this state and in South Carolina, and from 1898 to 1901 was an instructor in Oak Eidge Institute, which he him- self had formerly attended as a student. After leaving Johns Hopkins University, Mr. Wright be- came head of the department of history, civics and economics in Baltimore City College, and in 1906 became principal of the Eastern High School of Baltimore, where he remained until 1909. It was on the basis of this successful record and experience comprising work in a small country school and as administrative head of one of the larger city schools of Baltimore that Mr. Wright was called to his present duties as president of the East Carolina Teachers Training School at Greenville when that school was first opened for students on October 5, 1909. In the eight years of its work the Teachers Training School has had 4,295 students enrolled. It is a state institution, and was founded for the express purpose of giving to "young white men and women such education and training as shall fit and qualify them to teach in the public schools of North Carolina." When it is considered that the teaching force for the next generation or so of pupils in North Carolina will be largely recruited from the former students of the training school, it is possible to understand better the importance and the tremenduous respon- sibilities devolving upon Mr. Wright as president and directing head of this institution. Mr. Wright is a member of the Council of the National Education Association, a member of the National Society for the Study of Education, of the Southern Sociological Congress, is member and was on the executive committee and in 1915- 16 president of the North Carolina State Teachers' Assembly and is a member and was the first presi- dent of the Maryland History Teachers' Associa- tion. He is a member of the North Carolina Society of Baltimore, of the Carolina Club, of which he was president, and is affiliated with the Boyal Arch Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is present chairman of the Board of Trustees of Jarvis Memorial Methodist Episco- pal Church. December 31, 1902, Mr. Wright married Miss Pearl Murphy of Tomahawk, North Carolina. They are the parents of four children: Pearl, Eobert Herring, Jr., Mary and William Alderman. George Thomas Stronach. In any growing locality, whether it be developing from wilder- ness to settlement or from city to metropolis, the changing conditions offer splendid returns for foresight and business sagacity. The man who can foresee the strategic center of industrial development is in a position of advantage over his fellows, and it is this foresight that is neces- sary for success in the field of real estate. George Thomas Stronach, commencing his career at Wil- son in connection with financial matters, developed abilities in judging land values that have made him one of the leading operators in the real estate business in Wilson County, and today he is con- nected with enterprises that are assisting largely in the advancement of the county seat as a center of business activity and an attractive residential community. Mr. Stronach was born at Ealeigh, North Car- olina, September 28, 1874, being a son of George Thomas and Martha Elizabeth (Cooke) Stronach. His father, originally an agriculturist and the owner of large properties, in later yeaTs became interested in commercial ventures and was for some years known as a subtsantial merchant of Ealeigh. After securing his preliminary educa- tional training at the Ealeigh Male Academy, George T. Stronach entered Oak Eidge Institute, and shortly after his graduation from that in- stitution, in 1894, came to Wilson. In 1896 he became identified with the First National Bank, in a minor capacity, and remained with that in- stitution until 1914, at which time he was occu- pying the position of first assistant cashier. In the meantime, in 1907, he had become one of the organizers of the Wilson Insurance and Bealty Company, having become convinced of the pros- perous future awaiting this locality. The busi- ness of this concern gTew to large proportions, and in 1914, when elected secretary and treas- urer of the enterprise, Mr. Stronach severed his connection with the First National in order to ^Z^Uj^CUA^k. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 65 give his entire attention to his duties in his new held. The Wilson Insurance and Realty Com- pany is a concern capitalized at $10,000, and handles real estate in a large way, much of its business being done in the way of additions to the City of Wilson, of which it has made several. Much of its success may be accredited to the acumen and energy of Mr. Stronach, an excel- lent judge of realty values and a capable organ- izer and promoter, as well as a business man who has attracted public confidence by honest representation and fidelity to agreements. He has several other interests, being secretary and treas- urer of the Morris Plan Bank of Wilson, and holding like positions with the Atlantic Building and Loan Association, also a Wilson concern, and in each has displayed energy and initiative in a degree that have made him especially valu- able to his associates. He holds membership in the Wilson Chamber of Commerce, in *he meet- ings and work of which he takes an active part, and is also a member of the Country Club. Mr. Stronach was united in marriage, Decem- ber 18, 1912, to Miss Margaret Pauline Woodard, daughter of Frank Woodard, an agriculturist of Wilson County, and they are the parents of one son, George Thomas, Jr., who was born Septem- ber 1, 1914, at Wilson. Thoiias Millard Geoege has had a very use- ful career as an educator and an editor. He is now proprietor and editor of the leading paper at Mount Airy and through the columns of his journal he appeals to many people who were as children under his influence as a teacher. Mr. George represents an old colonial family of the South. He was born in New Hope Town- ship of Iredell County, North Carolina, January 15, 1852. His remote American ancestors were Welsh people who located in Maryland. His great- grandfather, Reuben George, was a native of Vir- ginia, where he spent nearly all his life. He was with the Virginia troops in the Revolutionary war. Of his children, one or two of the sons went to Ohio, while two came to North Carolina. One of the latter was Isaac George, who was born in Virginia and was a pioneer settler in Stokes County, North Carolina. From there he removed to Iredell County, and quite late in life, about 1840, moved to Indiana with some of his family. He made this trip with wagons and teams, accom- panied by his wife, one son and two daughters. In the vicinity of Knightstown, Indiana, he bought land, and lived there until his death at nearly eighty years of age. He married a Miss Hensley, who was born in Virginia. After her husband's death she and a son went to Litchfield, Illinois, and that was the locality where she died. She reared five children, named Enoch, Wesley H., Elizabeth, Mary and Reuben. Wesley Hensley George, father of Thomas Mil- lard, was born in Stokes County in June, 1810. He made the best of his early opportunities to attain an education in a time when schools were very meagerly supported. He had a natural gift as a mathematician and developed exceptional skill as a surveyor. A part of each year he was kept busy at this profession in Iredell and nearby counties. He also bought a farm in New Hope Township, and long superintended its operations. As a young man he had also taught school. In 1872 he removed to Yadkin County, and buying a farm in the western part of the county resided there until death overtook him in 1880. He mar- ried Arena Redman. She was born in Iredell County, daughter of John and Jane (Williams) Redman. Her grandfather, Thomas Redman, was born in Virginia of Irish ancestry. Thomas Red- man was a pioneer settler in Iredell County and the farm he developed furnished him resources and home until his death. He and his wife, Mary, reared a large family of children. John Redman was also a farmer and a lifelong resident of Ire- dell County. His wife, Jane Williams, who sur- vived him several years, was a daughter of Samuel Williams, who it is believed was born in Davidson County of Welsh ancestry, but subsequently moved to Iredell County and followed farming. Mrs. Wesley George died at the age of seventy-four. Her first husband was named William Chenault, and by that union there were three children, Abner, William and Mary. By her marriage to Wesley George she had seven children: John Franklin, Martha, Reuben Harrison, Julia, Thomas Millard, Isadore and Docia. Wesley George was a whig in politics and was elected twice on that ticket to the Legislature. He also served in the Constitutional Convention in 1868. Thomas Millard George as a boy and in the intervals of his teaching experience acquired a lib- eral education. He attended the co mm on schools in Iredell County, and afterwards was a student in TaylorviRe High School, in the Yadkin Insti- tute and in the Jenersville Academy. At the age of nineteen he began teaching, and continued that work upwards of thirty years. For several years he was a teacher in Yadkin, also in Iredell County, and for three years taught in Northwestern Missouri in Ray County. For two years he was principal of the high school at Cana in Davie County. His last teaching was as principal of the high school at Elkin in Surry County, which he served 'three years. In the meantime, in 1904, Mr. George became editor and publisher of the Elkin Times. In 1905 he resigned as principal of the high school to give all his time to this paper. Editorial work proved a congenial field, and the success of his first ven- ture encouraged him to expand the scope of his business and in 1913 he consolidated the Elkin Times with the Mount Airy Leader. He has con- tinued the publication of the Leader at Mount Airy and has given it a high place among the newspapers of North Carolina. In December, 1883, Mr. George married Mary Critz, who was born in Davie County, daughter of Haman and Elizabeth (Frost) Critz. Mrs. George was a teacher before her marriage and subsequently assisted her husband in school work. They have reared four children, all highly edu- cated young people and proving their value as educators. Their names are Lillian, William Fiske, Wesley Critz and Mabel Elizabeth. William, who had a high school education, is now secretary of the Board of Trade at Bartow, Florida; Lillian was educated in Catawba College at Newton, North Carolina, and is now a teacher at Mount Airy; Wesley Critz graduated from the University of North Carolina and is now a member of the" fac- ulty of Guilford College: Mabel is a graduate of the Flora McDonald College and is now teaching at Maple Hill. Mr. and Mrs. George are active members of the Missionary Baptist Church, and have reared their children in the same faith. Hon. John Hosea Kerb. Prominently inscribed upon the annals of the jurisprudence in the State of North Carolina is the name and record of Jud^e 66 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA John H. Kerr, who became a member of the War- renton bar more than twenty years ago, served in various official positions, and in 1916 was elected judge of the Superior Court. In Mb judicial office he has established an especially creditable record for faithful, conscientious and eminently dis- tinguished service, and has strengthened the ties of faith and confidence in which he has been held by the people of his state. Judge Kerr was born in Yaneeyville, North Caro- lina, December 31, 1873, a son of Capt. John Hosea and Eliza Catherine (Yancey) Kerr. His father, who for many years followed agricultural pursuits, was also a man of prominence and worth in his community, and in addition to serving as clerk of the court for the County of Caswell, for a number of years was identified with state mili- tary affairs of the United States Government and the Southern Confederacy. After attending the public schools for a time, Judge Kerr was sent to Bingham Military School, which he attended as a pupil in 1890 and 1891, and in the latter year entered Wake Forest College, from which admir- able institution he was duly graduated with the class of 1895. In September of that year he had the distinction to be the first man to receive a law license who graduated from that college, and he at once located at Warrenton and entered upon the practice of his chosen calling. His business has always been of a general character, and from the first Judge Kerr was successful, his fine abilities displaying themselves in such a manner that he escaped almost altogether the period of probation which most young lawyers are forced to meet. As he gained more and more notable success as a practitioner, so did public honors come to him, and in addition to various minor offices he served for two terms as mayor of the Town of Warrington and in 1904 he was chosen as 1 a presi- dential elector, in 1906 was made solicitor for the Second and Third Judicial Districts, a position in which he held with the utmost fidelity and ability for ten years. For some time past he had been considered to be of sound judicial timber, and in September, 1916, was nominated for the office of judge of the Superior Court. The large vote which he received at the polls in the November that followed evidenced the people's belief in him, a confidence that was not misplaced, as time has already shown. Judge Kerr has just been renom- inated for this position without opposition for a term of eight years. Judge Kerr was married February 15, 1899, to Miss Ella Lillian Foote, daughter of Henry A. and Minnie (Young) Foote, and to this union there have been born two sons: John H., Jr., and James Yancey. The family belongs to the Baptist Church, and is connected prominently with social affairs and religious and charitable work of their state. Willie Person Mangum Turner. Preliminary to the practice of law, in which he is now suc- cessfully engaged at Wilmington, Mr. Turner was a newspaper man, but throughout his career has benefited by close association with the leading men of the state. He was born in Trinity, Randolph County, North Carolina, December 1, 1877, son of Julian Augus- tine and Mary Alma (Leach) Turner. His father for many years was a prominent attorney, served as a member of the Legislature from Stanley and Guilford counties, and is now living retired at Greensboro. The son was educated in the Horner Military School at Oxford, North Carolina, and finished his literary training and also his legal edu- cation in the University of North Carolina. He worked as a reporter and correspondent and for a time was city editor of the Greensboro Telegram, later city editor of the Wilmington Messenger, and was also a member of the staff of the ftaleigh Times. He then reentered the university and in 1907 was admitted to the bar. After practicing one year at Lexington he returned to Wilmington in 1908, and has since found abundant opportuni- ties to prove his legal ability in the handling of a large volume of practice. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, and has taken an active part in the democratic party and at one time was nominated, though he declined to run, for membership in the Legislature. December 14, 1905, he married Miss Lucy Baldwin, of Wilmington. They have two children, Willie Person Mangum, Jr., and Marion Baldwin. Joseph James Loughlin is one of the rapidly rising members of the bar of Wilmington, though his time and attention have been chiefly devoted to the business of real estate development. He was born at Swansboro, North Carolina, March 20, 1880, a son of James and Ida M. (Ward) Loughlin, his father having been a manu- facturer. He was well educated, attending gram- mar and high schools, and during the twelve years he held the position of chief clerk in the postoffice at Wilmington he carried on his law studies privately and in August, 1911, was ad- mitted to the bar. •• For a number of years Mr. Loughlin has been successfully identified with the real estate busi- ness aild development work. He is secretary and treasurer of the New Hanover Transit Company and has taken an active part in the improvement and development of Carolina Beach. He is also a director in the Highwood Company, developing a Wilmington suburb, and is a director of the Progressive Building and Loan Association. Mr. Loughlin is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and belongs to the Masonic Order. On September 25, 1907, he married Miss Eleanor King, of Pennsylvania. They have three chil- dren: Joseph James, Jr., Charles Elliott and Eleanor King Loughlin. William Granville Sydnor has for many years been actively identified with business affairs at Mount Airy, where he has developed a large and extensive clientage in general insurance. He has also done his part toward the promotion of local industries and is now president of the Hadley People Manufacturing Company, president of the Mount Airy Workingman 's Building & Loan Asso- ciation, and is president of the Surry County Fair Association. The welfare of the community has also enlisted his time and attention, and he has served as a member of the town board of commissioners, and was elected mayor in 1911 and re-elected in 1913. Mr. Sydnor is a "Virginian by birth and ances- try. He was born on a farm in Halifax County, Virginia, December 1, 1865. His grandfather, William Sydnor, was born in the same county, owned and occupied a farm near Meadsville in that county, and employed his slaves to cultivate his fields. He married Susan Coleman Barksdale, also a native and life-long resident of Halifax HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 67 County. Their nine children were Peter, Beverly, Giles, Alexander A., "William. A., llary, Judith, Betsy and Fannie. William Anthony Sydnor, father of the Mount Airy business mau, was born in Halifax County, Virginia, June 25, 1836. He was liberally edu- cated, and from early youth manifested a com- mendable interest in public affairs. Before the war he owned numerous slaves and was much attached to his negroes, treating them kindly, and he refused all offers to sell them and kept them until they were set free by the war. For several years he owned and operated a saw mill in Hali- fax County, and from there moved to Mecklenburg County in the same state about 1871. In Meck- lenburg County he was associated as a partner with his brother Alexander, and they owned and operated both a flour and saw mill on the Boa- noke Biver. That was his home until his death on April 9, 1877. William A. Sydnor married, No- vember 26, 1859, Sally A. Smith, who was born in Halifax County, Virginia, July 26, 1835. Her grandparents were Bobert and Sarah ( Spencer 1 Smith, life long residents of Prince Edward County, Virginia, and substantial farming people of that section. Daniel A. Smith, father of Sally A. Smith, was a native of Prince Edward County and married Mary A. Penick, a native of Halifax County and daughter of Nathan and Tabitha (Budd) Penick. Daniel A. Smith and wife had the following sons and daughters: Bobert J., Elizabeth, Maria, Nathan, Mildred, Mollie and Sallie. Mrs. William A. Sydnor is now living with her son William G. at Mount Airy and is eighty-two years of age, still hale and hearty. She was the mother of three children, Bobert A., Susan and William G. Bobert A., who died June 13, 1897, married Bessie Butler, and they had a son, Trent. Susan married George Perkins and is now deceased. William G. Sydnor was educated in the common schools and at the age of seventeen began clerk- ing in a country store. Later he took up the in- surance business at Danville, Virginia, and after his early training and experience he removed, in 1890, to Mount Airy and opened an office to han- dle both fire and life insurance. It has been a prosperous business connection, and he has the chief insurance agency in Surry County. Mr. Sydnor was married in 1897 to Lottie B. Banner, who was born at Mount Airv, a daughter of Dr. C. L. and Martha (Tatem) Banner, of Pat- rick County, Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Sydnor have five children, named A. Kyle, Margaret, Wil- liam Lee, Gray Banner and Frank Tatem. Samuel Probeet Collier, now living retired at Wilmington, is one of the youngest surviving veterans of the war between the states. He at- tained years of manhood after that struggle was over, and more than forty years of his mature life were devoted to business and official affairs. He gained high rank among the railway officials of North Carolina and also for many years was clerk of the United States Court. Mr. Collier was born at Everettsville near Golds- boro, Wayne County, North Carolina, in 1846, son of Col. George Washington and Elizabeth (Oliver) Collier. The father was born in the same locality, son of Probert Collier, who was a resi- dent around Everettsville for many years. The Colliers owned wide stretches of land and before the war were slave owners. The Collier home was on the south side of the Neuse Biver. Ln various generations the Colliers have intermarried with other families whose names are conspicuous in the history of North Carolina, such as the Whit- fields, the Bryans, the Hughes of Newborn, and the Everetts, for whom the community of Everetts- ville was named. Samuel P. Collier 's mother was a daughter of Samuel Oliver of Newbern. Prior to the war Samuel P. Collier was a student in the school at Everettsville conducted by J. D. Campbell. In the fall and winter of 1861-62 he attended Doctor Wilson 's Preparatory School at Melville in Alamance County, preparing for col- lege. In the fall and winter of 1862-63 he was a student in Hillsboro Military Academy under Major Gordon. But all the time his thoughts were away from books and the routine of school Jife. His eagerness to get into the strife which had already drawn into the ranks the best blood of the South came to a climax in April, 1863, when he ran away from the military school in company with a fellow student, Thomas B. Boulhac. He was sworn into the Confederate service at Baleigh by C. B. Boot. Both the young students became members of the Ellis Light Artillery, commanded by B A C. Manley, son of Governor Manley. This command was known as Manley 's Battery and was attached to Cabell's Battalion in General McLaw's Division of Longstreet's Corps. Mr. Collier re- mained in the artillery until after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which three days' conflict he was a participant. At Gordonsville, Virginia, shortly after the Battle of Gettysburg he was offered and accepted the sergeant mayorship of the Second North Carolina Begiment, and held that position until September 19, 1864, when his adjutant, J. P. Dillingham, of Newbern, was captured and he was then acting adjutant of the Second North Caro- lina. The responsibilities of this office he dis- charged efficiently and faithfully in spite of his youth until after the surrender at Appomattox, at which he was present. Mr. Collier was only nine- teen years old when the war closed. More than fifty years have since passed, but they have failed to obliterate his youthfulness in appearance and activities, and he is one of the youngest old men in the State of North Carolina. The days he spent with the fighting armies of the South assume larger and larger interest in his recollections as time goes on, and he has identified himself with the old soldiers' organizations and is deeply interested in the history and reminiscences pertaining to the war and its participants. After returning from the army Mr. Collier was for a short time at Goldsboro and later lived at Newbern until 1870. He then returned to Golds- boro and married in 1871, and soon afterward entered the railroad service as clerk to Capt. John F. Divine, superintendent of the Wilmington & Weldon Bailroad. Later he was made clerk to B. B. Bridges, the president of the road. His railroad duties brought him to Wilmington, the headquarters of the Wilmington & Weldon, and that city has been his place of residence since 1871. In the railroad service of the Wilmington & Weldon Mr. Collier rose by successive and well merited promotions to be assistant general freight agent of the company. He retired in 1884. .Sub- sequently for a period of fourteen years Mr. Collier was clerk of the United States Court for the Wilmington Division of the Eastern District of North Carolina. He was constant and unflagging in his attention to the duties of this office until he resigned in 1917. At Goldsboro, April 27, 1871, Mr. Collier married 68 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Miss Emma F. Knight, a native of that city and daughter of Capt. James and Louisiana (Loring) Knight. Her parents were born in Nansemond County, Virginia. Captain Knight was a railroad official of long and honorable record. He began railroading at Suffolk, Virginia, at the age of seventeen, and for over a half a century was with the Wilmington & Weldon Railroad and rose to the position of superintendent of transportation. He died in 1901 at the age of eighty-six. Mrs. Collier cherishes the possession of a beautiful silver service presented to her father in October, 1886, by Mr. W. T. Walters, one of the largest stockholders of the Wilmington & Weldon. The service is engraved with the following inscription: ' ' To Captain James Knight, a testimonial to his never having been found wanting during half a century of service. ' ' The service consists of a (pitchier and salver of hammered silver, truly massive, and of exquisite design. Mr. and Mrs. Collier have three living children. Mary, is the wife of Mr. James W. Perrin, as- sistant traffic manager of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway. Samuel P. Collier, Jr., is traffic manager of the Winston-Salem Southbound Railroad, with headquarters at Winston-Salem. Dr. George Kirby Collier, a graduate of the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Baltimore, is now superin- tendent of a large state institution at Sonyea, near Rochester, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Collier had the misfortune to lose by death in 1911 another son, James K. Collier, who was a talented news- paper man. For several years he was on the edi- torial staff of the New York American. He also gained prominence in the amusement world, and for some years was manager for Primrose and West's Minstrels. Mr. and Mrs. Collier have a most delightful and happy home. Some years ago he bought the Brown mansion on Front Street. It is a spacious and generously constructed residence suggestive of the opulence of its builders and one affording a fitting and congenial domicile for such hospitable spirits as Mr. and Mrs. Collier. This home is in the heart of what is now Wilmington's business district, and has become highly valuable as real estate. Russell Wolcott Livermore. The real signifi- cance of a life is more than its material achieve- ments, and consists in what it has meant for the well being and advancement of others. It was a remarkably extensive circle of friends and neigh- bors that the life and career of the late Russell Wolcott Livermore affected, and always for their good. When he died at his home at Pate's in Robeson County in April, 1914, the sentiment was widely expressed and was undoubtedly true that he was Robeson's most useful citizen. A complete ac- count of all that he did and the influences that radiated from him can only be suggested in the following paragraphs: Mr. Livermore was of New England birth and of the rugged inheritance of that section of coun- try. He was born in New Hampshire in 1850, and was only sixty-four when he died. His par- ents were Rev. Aaron and Mary (Wolcott) Liver- more. Two of the noted New England names are Wolcott and Livermore. His father was a Congregational minister. The early life of R. W. Livermore was spent nt New Haven, Connecticut. He was educated in what is now the Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege, then known as Swathmore College. He pre- pared for the law at Yale Law School, and after graduating went west to Toledo, where he took up the practice of his profession. At Toledo he married Miss Lillie Hayes. The brothers of Mrs. Livermore had some extensive land and timber interests in Robeson County, North Carolina, and in 1884 Mr. Livermore came here to look after that property. He was greatly impressed with the prospects of the country and eventually de- cided to make it his permanent home. His first active enterprise was in the turpentine business, later he became a railroad tie contractor, and within a comparatively short time had built up an immense business in lumber manufacture, mer- chandise and as a land owner, all of which were centered at Pate's, a station on the Seaboard Air Line two miles west of Pembroke. All his busi- ness affairs were prosecuted with an energy char- acteristic of a typical New England man. Nothing in all his history perhaps reflects more credit upon his name and is more worthy to be recalled in this connection than the interest he took in the Cherokee Indians, who have been set- tled in the vieinity of Pembroke for several gen- erations. Mr. Livermore instead of disregarding these descendants of the aboriginal tribes, as have been the tendency of most Americans at all times and places, lent them every encouragement and assistance to improve their condition in life. He was glad to teach and encourage them to carry on farm operations, and especially to acquire their own land and homes and develop thrift, industry and other habits that would make them substantial citizens. Wisely enough he sought this end largely by beginning with the younger generation, and by securing proper school facilities saw to it that the coming generation was educated. More than anyone else Mr. Livermore was the primary fac- tor in having established at Pembroke the Chero- kee Normal School, a state institution for these Indians. It is said that when Mr. Livermore came to Robeson County there were not to be found altogether more than three head of mules among the Cherokee Indians. Today it is esti- mated that they own from eight to ten thousand head of livestock, while their progress and ad- vancement in living conditions, ownership of homes, industry and education may be judged ac- cordingly. All of these results are largely due to the impetus and encouragement given them by Mr. Livermore, whom they always looked upon as their best friend and counsellor, and who in turn received their highest esteem and affection. Mr. Livermore never formally practiced law in North Carolina, but his legal ability enabled him to perform a great deal of gratuitous service for the Indians, for whom he drew up papers and was their constant adviser as to the proper care and disposition of their property. For many years Mr. Livermore gave employ- ment to large numbers of people, carried on ex- tensive timbering and lumber manufacturing en- terprises, and cleared and developed great acre- ages of land. And the significant thing is that with all these opportunities for acquiring wealth, and for all that he did to create wealth in this section, most of it was done for the sake and benefit of others rather than for himself, since he was by no means a rich man when he died. His riches largely consisted of the love and esteem of hia people. Personally Mr. Livermore was dis- tinguished by a largeness of mind, breadth and liberality of vision, characteristics which kept him /€a^, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 69 above the petty affairs of party or factional poli- tics. He was a scholarly man, widely read and cultured, and had great ability as a public speaker, and to his intimates was a most interesting com- panion and friend. Mr. Livermore 's children were born at Pate 's, where he always maintained a home, but for sev- eral years he lived at Red Springs, primarily to educate his children. Mrs. Livermore died several years before his own death. Three children sur- vive, Russell Hayes, Henry and Miss Mary. Henry is now in the United States Army. He and his brother Russell Hayes were associated with their father in business until the latter 's death. Russell Hayes Livermore was educated in the University of Xorth Carolina. He is now cashier of the Bank of Pembroke, and is in every way a worthy successor of his honored father. He mar- ried Miss Gretchen McCullers, daughter of Henrv ,A. and Ella (No well) McCullers, When a child ' she was adopted into the family of Mr. R. TV. Livermore and thus she and her husband grew up as companions in childhood and are now linked together for the journey through life. They hare two interesting daughters, Mary Hoyland and Jean. Bukke Haywood Bridgers since his graduation from the law department of the State Univer- sity in 1905 has divided his time between a grow- ing general practice as a lawyer and the real estate business at Wilmington. He is manager of the Carolina Heights Real Estate Company, and though only thirty-one years of age has al- ready secured a substantial "place in tie profes- sional and business life of his city. He was born at Raleigh Xovember 14, 1885, a son of Preston L. and Elizabeth Eagles ( Hay- wood ) Bridgers. His father was a wholesale lumber merchant. Preparatory to his course at the University Mr. Bridgers attended the Raleigh Male Academy and the Horner Military School at Oxford, and then took the full literary course in the University of Xorth Carolina, where he was graduated in 1903, two years before his grad- uation from the law department. He is a member of the Xorth Carolina Bar Association, the Cape Bear Club, the Carolina Yacht Club, and the Cape Fear Country Club. April 10, 1913, he was happily married to Helen Strange, of Wilmington. They have one child, Elizabeth Haywood. Edward Baxter Xeave. Possessing in a marked degree the ability, judgment, enterprise and tact that invariably command success in the business world, Edward Baxter Xeave is promi- nently and officially associated with one of the leading industrial organizations of Salisbury, be- ing secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Vance Mill Company, one of the leading indus- trial organizations of Salisbury, and these respon- sible positions he is filling to' the acceptation of all concerned. A native of Scotland, he was born in Arbroath, a seaport and manufacturing town of Eorfarshire, which was also the native place of his father. James B. Xeave. Born and bred in Scotland. James B. Xeave spent his earlier life in the country of his birth, living there long after his first marriage. Lured to the Xew World by the glowing reports of for- tunes waiting for the brave immigrant, he came with his family to the United States, settling first in Cincinnati, Ohio, and later removing to West Jefferson, Madison County, that state, where he continued a resident until his death, at the age of fifty-six years. He was twice married. His first wife died in Scotland, leaving three sons, Robert, William H. and David. William H. came with the family to America, and in 1857 located in Salisbury. At the breaking out of the Civil war he was commissioned band master in the Confed- erate Army. James B. Xeave married for his second wife Agnes Jamison, who was born in Dundee, Scotland, came with him and the children to America, and died at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. She was the mother of three children, as follows: Edward Baxter, the special subject of this sketch; Eleanor; and Charles, who died at the age of twelve years. Having acquired a practical education in the public schools of Ohio, Edward Baxter Xeave came from that state to Rowan County, Xorth Carolina, locating in Salisbury, where on May 30, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Rowan Rifles, which was later attached to the Fourth Regiment, Xorth Carolina Troops. Like his half-brother, he was a talented musician, and was made leader of the Fourth Regimental Band. A brave and cour- ageous soldier, he continued with his command until the surrender at Appomattox. Returning to Salisbury, Mr. Xeave formed a partnership with Charles F. Baker, and for upwards of thirty years was engaged in mercantile pursuits, dealing extensively in house furnishings. Since retiring from that business Mr. Xeave has filled his pres- ent position as secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Vance Mill Company. Mr. Xeave married for his first wife Ellen Baker, a daughter of Charles F. and Ann (Owen) Baker, the former of whom was born in England and the latter in Davidson County, Xorth Caro- lina. She died in 1874, and her only child, Agnes, who became the wife of Thomas B. Marsh, died in early life, leaving five children, Thomas B., Jr., Edward B., Frank, Ellen and Rebekah. Mr. Xeave married second Carrie MeXeeley, who was born in Brooklyn, Xew York, a daughter of William G. and Louisa (Marvin) MeXeeley. Four children have been born of this union, namely : James William, who married Lila Bernhardt and has two children, Mary L. and Caroline; Louise; Anne; and Edward. A prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, Mr. Xeave joined Fulton Lodge Xo. 9 when young, and for fourteen years served as its worshipful master; he was a charter member and the first wor- shipful master of Andrew Jackson Lodge ; he is a member of Salisbury Chapter Xo. 20, Royal Arch Masons; of Adoniram Council Xo. 2, Royal and Select Masters; of Salisbury Commandery Xo. 13, Knights Templar; and of Oasis Temple at Char- lotte. Mr. Xeave also belongs to Salisburv Lodge Xo. 24, EJiights of Pythias. James Thosias Broadway entered the cotton mill industry as a boy, and has steadily worked his way up to a point where he now enjoys many of the responsibilities and the honors of executive office, having been connected with the Pearl Cotton Mills at Durham for nearly twenty years. Mr. Broadway was born in Stanlev County, Xorth Carolina, March 6, 1868, a son of Hartwell M. and Lavinia (Ewing) Broadway. His father was both a merchant and farmer, was in moderate circum- stances and James Thomas found it desirable and in aceord with his own ambition to begin his career when only fifteen years of age. He had 70 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA in the meantime made the best of his advantages in the public schools, and he first took his place in the cotton mill industry as a picker boy. He worked up steadily, and in 1899 on removing to Durham he was made overseer of weaving in the Pearl Cotton Mills. Since 1900 he has been super- intendent of that large and important industrial institution of Durham. Mr. Broadway is a Chapter Mason, a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a deacon in the Second Presbyterian Church. January 3, 1898, he married Miss Lydia Bobertson of Union County, North Carolina. Their six children are Jessie, Hazeline, Blandina, Blanch, James, Thomas Jr., and Hartwell Edgeworth. Iredell Meabes. To live up to the traditions associated with his family name would have been in itself a worthy achievement for Mr. Iredell Meares, of Wilmington. But he has done more than that. He has added distinction to a name which has been honorably identified with North Carolina's history since the establishment of the American Union. His position as a lawyer is well reflected in an endorsement signed by many of the most promi- nent members of the North Carolina bar urging President Taft to appoint Mr. Meares to a vacan- cy on the bench of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Caro- lina. His fellow lawyers urged his appointment because "he is a well trained lawyer, a laborious student, accustomed to habits of legal research, and writes clearly and cogently upon propositions of law. In the enjoyment of splendid physical and mental activity at the age of fifty-two, "and of a reputation both personal and professional, well sustained for many years, he has by close applica- tion and patient study attained a liberal and broad knowledge of the law and familiarity with the pro- cedure in all the courts both State and Federal. " The story of his career indicates the powers which have brought him to his honorable position, and it is also a source of encouragement to other men who have to struggle through difficulties to attain the goal of their ambitions. He was born at Raleigh, December 15, 1856. His parents were Thomas D. and Jane Moore (Iredell) Meares. Through his mother he is a great-grandson of James Iredell, Sr., who was one of North Carolina's most eminent men in the early days of our nation's history. President "Washington recognized his learning and ability in appointing him to the bench of the United States Supreme Court, and he was a member of that tribunal during the critical period of Amer- ican history. Mr. Meares' maternal grandfather was James Iredell, Jr., one of the ablest lawyers and public men of his day, and his name is indeli- bly impressed upon the annals of North Carolina by his service as governor of the state and as a United States senator. In the paternal line Mr. Meares' grandfather, William B. Meares, attained distinction in the law and in public life, and was one of the prominent North Carolina whigs in ante- bellum days. Thomas D. Meares, who practiced law in Wilmington for many years, was regarded as one of the most finished orators in the Cape Pear district, and was an active whig until the dissolution of that party. Few men begin life with more incentive to the success of an honorable ambition set close before them in the careers of their immediate family than Iredell Meares. But for the misfortunes that came to nearly every Southern family in the train of the war Iredell Meares would have had an easy course in preparation for any career he might have chosen. His first years were spent at his father's summer home at Southport, old Smith- ville. In 1861 the family removed to a plantation near the present site of Cleveland, North Carolina. The fortunes of Thomas D. Meares were com- pletely wrecked by the Civil war, and in 1867 he returned to Wilmington and had hardly begun the task of rehabilitating his fortunes when death came to him in the fall of 1871. He left eight children. As a result of these conditions Iredell Meares had only eighteen months of schooling up to the age of twelve. The family fortunes were then so reduced that he had to earn his own way and aid in the support of others. His first employment was as office boy in a local firm, and he clerked in Wilmington until 1878, and then removed to New York City and for a time was traveling sales- man for a wholesale coffee house, introducing their goods to southern trade. During all this time his ambition was steadfastly set upon those larger accomplishments which were regarded as almost traditional in his family his- tory. In 1881 he returned to Wilmington, clerked for a time in the freight office of the Seaboard Air Line and later was bookkeeper for an estab- lished concern. His earnestness and the traits of character which he inherited from his ancestors gained him recognition from such prominent men as Col. Robert Strange, Col. Duncan K. McRae, Hon. George Davis and Judge Risden Bennett. It was through the influence of Colonel Bennett that in 1885 he was appointed special deputy col- lector of the Port of Wilmington, and he held that position until his admission to the bar in 1889. He sought this position in order to have more leisure for study, and though unable to attend college he bought and borrowed books and lost no opportunity to enrich and improve his mind with the best in literature and also with that branch of knowledge which would fit him for the legal pro- fession. It is recalled that during his service as deputy collector Mr. Meares investigated certain rebates on cotton ties that were being collected by exporters of cotton from the Government, and as a result of his investigation the payment of these rebates was stopped. While in the collector 's office Mr. Meares studied law under the direction of the late Col. Thomas W. Strange and Mr. Eugene S. Martin, both prom- inent lawyers of the Wilmington bar. The goal to which all his efforts had been directed for so many years was reached in 1889 with his admis- sion to the bar, and since then he has practiced steadily at Wilmington and has gained state-wide prominence as a lawyer, which has been above in- dicated in the words of men who are intimately acquainted with his work as counsel and attorney in both the State and Federal courts. It is said that Mr. Meares for the second time in the history of the Supreme Court of this state was given a specific commendation upon one of his briefs sub- mitted in the trial of an important case before that tribunal. Mr. Meares has long been prom- inent in the North Carolina Bar Association, and has served as vice president of the organization. The independence of his character and the value of his public leadership are well known to all who have followed his career in public life. Before the war his family were chiefly aligned with the whig party. During his own career Mr. Meares HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 71 was a democrat until the adoption of the constitu- tional amendment which took the negro out of politics in North Carolina and enabled the voters to make their choice of political allegiance de- pendent upon economic and purely political ques- tions. Since then he has been an independent, and has been a republican candidate for CongTess, and in 1913 was progressive candidate for governor of the state, polling the second highest vote. He was a leader in the campaign of 1898, and during that year was one of the special com- mittee of twenty-five citizens of Wilmington ap- pointed by mass meeting during the eventful Wilmington revolution. Mr. Meares subsequently wrote a history of the movement, in which he maintained that it was a social and not a political revolution and that it was the assertion of the Anglo-Saxon 's determination to govern themselves. During the campaign for the constitutional amend- ment in 1900 he advocated the adoption of the amendment on the grounds that it would give op- portunity for the full discussion of economic ques- tions and the division of parties upon lines of intellectual conviction. In 1904 a number of Wilmington citizens presented his name for nom- ination as candidate for Congress from the Sixth District, but Mr. Meares declined to become a can- didate, since his views were not in accord with the policies of the national democratic party. In 1904 he supported Roosevelt and in 1908 was active in behalf of Mr. Taft for president. Thus he has felt free to support and advocate many of those policies which strike deeply at the roots of modern economic and social evils, and any state is the bet- ter for a citizen of such independence of thought, and of such practical idealisms. He has delivered many notable addresses on political matters, and as an orator and speaker has been in great demand on numerous occasions. One of his notable ad- dresses was delivered in 1902 at the laying of the cornerstone of the courthouse of New Hanover County on the subject "The Administration of Law." In 1907 several articles on "North Caro- lina Kate Legislation and Agitation, and the Con- stitutional Relation of the State and Federal Courts, ' ' were published under his name in the Charlotte Observer. These articles were published in pamphlet and attracted wide attention and dis- cussion all over the state. He has given time to the study of problems of internal development and improvement, and his address before the North Carolina Retail Merchants' Association in 1908 on "Deep Water Ways for the South" was one of the best timed articles and most forceful presenta- tions of the general subject of water ways in North Carolina. Mr. Meares was married in 1885, to Miss Jo- sephine Folger, of Cortland, New York. He has a son, George Folger, who, after practicing law with his father a short while, obtained his diploma as an ocean navigator. Became an officer in the merchant marine of ocean steamers, and, upon the outbreak of the European war in 1914 volun- teered in the Naval Reserves, where he now serves as lieutenant aboard an ocean transport. His daughter, Miss Jane Iredell Meares, is at present in the Government employ in an important posi- tion at Washington. He has no other living chil- dren. Mrs. Meares is still living. Cyrus Dunlap Hogtte after completing his legal education came to Wilmington in 1913 and for a year and a half served as deputy clerk to the Superior Court. Since 1915 he has been in active practice and already has a promising clientage and is rapidly rising to the heights which, distinguish the leading lawyers of the state. He was born at Marion, Alabama, November 27, 1888, a son of Cyrus Dunlap and Mary ( Brown j Hogue. His father was a prominent lawyer and at one time served as state auditor of Alabama. He died in 1891. The son received his college education in the University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, where he graduated A. B. For two years he was assistant instructor in German at the University of North Carolina, and while there pursued his studies in the law department, graduating LL. B. in 1912. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, the Cape Fear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Club, and belongs to St. James Episcopal Church. George Calvin Welch. When he was twenty- three years of age, George Calvin Welch gave up his work as a country school teacher and, having by strict economy saved a couple of hundred dol- lars, sought an opportunity to enter merchandising on the basis of that meager capital and practically without experience. He had enterprise, which was a more valuable asset, and he secured a little building in the coun- try about four miles east of Mount Airy. Going to Winston-Salem, he judiciously expended his capital in a small stock of general merchandise, loaded it on wagons, and transported it to his country store. That was the manner of stocking his business for a number of years. He soon made the location a favorable point of trade, had a steady patronage and rapid additions had to be made to his stock and his facilities for serving the public. With increased prosperity he felt justified in seeking a larger center for business, and in 1890 removed to Mount Airy, where he erected a com- modious brick structure in which he now conducts a regular department store. His stock of goods comprises practically everything needed for use in the home and on the farm. Among successful North Carolina merchants Mr. Welch deserves mention. Besides his large business he is also vice president of the Bank of Mount Airy. Mr. Welch was born on a farm in Quaker Gap Township of Stokes County, North Carolina. The family on both sides were pioneers in this section of the state. His father, Noah Welch, was born near Germanton in Stokes County, July 12, 1819. His mother's maiden name was Fulton. Noah Welch bought land in Quaker Gap Township and was a prosperous general farmer until late in life, when he removed to Mount Airy and lived retired. His death occurred in 1896. at the age of seventy- six. He married Delilah Pearce, who was born near Westfield in Quaker Gap Township October 5, 1822. Her father, William Pearce, was born in the same location and on the same farm. Wil- liam Pearce married Susan George, whose father, Presly George, was a very extensive land owner and slave holder in that section, and spent his last years on his farm near Westfield. William Pearce and wife were life-long residents of Stokes County. Mrs. Noah Welch died at the age of eighty-seven. Noah Welch was exempt from ac- tive service in the Confederate Army on account of physical disability, but toward the close of the war he took his place in the ranks of the Home Guard and did what he could to defend the coun- try. He and his wife reared four children : Wil- liam Francis, Susan, George Calvin and Amanda. 72 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA George C. Welch grew up on his father's farm, was educated primarily in the rural schools and also attended the Friends School at Westfield. On leaving school he became a teacher and followed that vocation until he assumed the new role of merchant. On December 9, 1877, he married Delia Hutchins, who was born in Yadkin County, daugh- ter of Vestal and Elizabeth Hutchins. Mr. and Mrs. Welch have six children: Ida, Etta, Emma, Walter P., Alice and George Edgar. Ida is the wife of W. R. Bowman and her two children are Lucy and Welch. Etta is the wife of Robert Jones and has a son Clarence. Emma married Rev. J. M. Folger and their child is Joseph Calvin. Walter married Lulla MeGee, their three children being Clara Belle, Walter McGee and Helen. Alice is the wife of W. L. Dunman. ' . Mr. Welch's parents were faithful members of the Baptist Church. While he was a student in the Friends School at Westfield he adopted that faith, and both he and his wife are members of the Friends Church and he is one of the board of trustees. Mr. Welch has also served as town com- missioner and a member of the city council and for eight years gave his efficient services to the board of education. Politically he is a democrat. William Stone Roberson. A university town, Chapel Hill naturally has become the home of men of high professional ability, and the church, medi- cine and the law are all well and even notably represented here. An atmosphere of culture pre- vails that is well sustained by the permanent residents. Hundreds of youths yearly go out from this great university benefited not only by the educational opportunities there afforded, but by a refined and wholesome environment that surrounds them in their leisure hours. Undoubtedly great assistance has been given in this direction by the wise administration of the city's laws, which were admirably administered for ten continuous years by William Stone Roberson as mayor. William Stone Robenson is a native of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, born February 28, 1869. His parents were Dr. Abner Benton and Cornelia Adaline (Stone) Roberson. His father was a physician of eminence and the families are well known all over the state. Primarily educated in select schools, William S. Roberson later attended the public schools and then entered the University of North Carolina as a member of the class of 1889, later teaching school for a year and then returning to the uni- versity where he was graduated from the law department in February, 1891. He immediately entered into practice at Graham, North Carolina, and from there came to Chapel Hill in 1893 and has successfully carried on a general practice here ever since and has been connected with many important cases of litigation that have added to his honorable reputation as a lawyer. A loyal citizen of Chapel Hill and ever mindful of her best interests, Mr. Roberson accepted the mayoralty with ambitious hopes and during the decade that he continued to hold the office, had the satisfaction of bringing about many improvements that have added materially to the health and happi- ness of the place. He has always been exceedingly popular. In addition to his public and professional activities, Mr. Roberson for some time has been secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Chapel Hill Insurance & Realty Company. Col. Thomas L. Craig. Among the most prom- inent men of Gastonia, using the term in its broad- est sense to indicate business acumen, sterling char- acter, public beneficence and upright citizenship, is Col. Thomas L. Craig, merchant, banker, stock- man, cotton mill owner, civic leader and large property holder. A resident of this city for more than forty years, and identified with the business and financial interests here for nearly an equal length of time, he is known as one of the chief builders of Gastonia 's prosperity, and a man whose ripened judgment and sterling traits of character continue to benefit every enterprise with which he is connected. Colonel Craig belongs to one of the oldest fam- ilies of Gaston County, and was born five miles south of Gastonia, February 24, 1S64, his parents being John H. and Mary A. (Jenkins) Craig. John H. Craig was born about eight or nine miles south of Gastonia, on Crowder's Creek, a son of James Robert and Sallie (Boyd) Craig. James Robert Craig was also born in Gaston County, as were his brothers, William and John Milton Craig. They were of Scotch ancestors who were among the earliest settlers of North Carolina, coming here during early colonial days. James R. Craig reared a family of seven sons and six daughters. Like other members of the family, he was before the Civil war a large planter and slaveholder, and those bearing the name have always been extensive own- ers of land. During the Civil war John H. Craig operated a tanyard at his home, where he made harness and horse collars for the government of the Confed- eracy, and it was in this way that the Craig home became known as "Tanyard." During the entire period of his active career he was a successful busi- ness man, and established the first bank at Gas- tonia, in partnership with L. L. Jenkins, under the firm name of Craig & Jenkins, Bankers. He was also for a number of years largely interested in the cotton business, but is now retired from active life. Mr. Craig married Miss Mary A. Jenkins, who also survives, and who is a daughter of the late Hon. David A. Jenkins, who was state treasurer of North Carolina from 1868 to 1872. There were eight children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Craig: Thomas L.; J. Robert, of Gas- tonia; David J., of Statesville, North Carolina, who married Miss V. Copening, of Clinton, South Caro- lina, and has four children; John M., who met an accidental death September 20, 1914; Sarah, the widow of Archibald Brady, of Charlotte, who died in Kansas City in 1915, and had one child, Jenkins, who is a first lieutenant in the United States En- gineers Corps; Mary Etta, who survives, with five children, as the widow of the late Edward Mellon, who died a few years ago, and who was a leading merchant of Charlotte and the founder of Mellon 's Store on West Trade Street; Julia L., the wife of Thomas M. Shelton, of Charlotte, who was associated with Mr. Mellon in business and is now of the Mellon Store, and has six chil- dren; and Mabel Gray, who is the wife of Dr. Samuel A. Wilkins, of Dallas, Gaston County, and has two children. When Thomas L. Craig was twelve years of age his parents moved from the plantation to Gas- tonia, and this city has since been his home. He spent two years in school at Dallas, which was then the county seat of Gaston County, and his father then gave him a start in business, although he was still a mere youth, establishing him in HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 73 a general store at old Gaston, which is now the eastern part of the present city of Gastonia. This business was conducted under the firm style of John H. Craig & Son. In 1883, at the age of nineteen years, Thomas L. Craig went into busi- ness under his own name, and in 1886 Thomas W. Wilson came into partnership with him, the firm name then becoming Craig & Wilson, under which the enterprise has been conducted ever since. Be- sides the store, which occupies a part of the ground floor of their large three-story brick block at the corner of Main and Marietta streets, they have ex- tensive barns at Marietta and Long streets for the accommodation of their livestock, in which they are extensive dealers. Individually Colonel Craig is a stockman on a large scale, raising horses and cattle and owning a stock farm of 150 acres adjoining the city on the east, three-fourths of the farm being within the city limits. He has another farm of 550 acres north of town on the Dallas Boad, and part of this also lies within the city limits. He makes a specialty of horses and Black Angus cattle. He is likewise a very large owner of interests in cotton mills, banks and city and country property, and is a man of such wealth and resource that he is enabled to get behind and promote any industry that comes to Gastonia. He has been a builder np of the great cotton mill industry of Gastonia and vicinity, one of the largest centers of this industry in the country, there being in the city and surrounding territory nearly half a hundred large cotton mills. The colonel is vice president of the Gray Manufacturing Company, operating one of the largest of these mills ; has interests in other important concerns of this nature; is presi- dent of the Gastonia Loan and Trust Company Bank: a director and chairman of the board of directors of the First National Bank; one of the stockholders in the beautiful Armington Hotel; president of the Cocker Machine and Foundry Company, and president of the Ed Mellon Com- pany Store of Charlotte. He is also the owner of valuable business properties on Main and Long streets and a large number of tenant houses in the residential section of the North Side, and his own home at the corner of West Main and York streets is a very beautiful one, set in the midst of splendid gardens, with arbors, trellises and pergolas built of concrete and made beautiful with vines and climbing flowers of various kinds. Colonel Craig is the recognized leader at Gas- tonia of all civic movements, being president of the Chamher of Commerce and of the Gaston County Fair Association, and his energetic nature never allows him to remain idle, but throughout his life has impelled him to go about doing big things. He has been chairman of the county democratic executive committee since 1908. and at the beginning of the term of Governor Locke Craig, in 1912. was appointed a colonel on the governor's staff. He is a Knight Templar Ma- son and a Shriner, and he and Mrs. Craig are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which the colonel is a _ deacon. In 1917 he was appointed on the selective service board and is now chairman of the board. He is a director in four of the large cotton mills of Gastonia. Mrs. Craig, prior to her marriage, was Miss Jennie Watson, of Newbern, North Carolina, wife of William M. Watson, of that place, who was clerk of the Superior Court for a number of years, and clerk of the Federal Court under the Con- federate government. Colonel and Mrs. Craig have no children. Samuel Lloyd Sheep. A teacher and school administrator in North Carolina for forty years, Samuel Lloyd Sheep has exercised an influence far beyond the immediate scope of his duties, and some of the best established ideals and in- stitutions in the modern system of state educa- tion have been strongly impressed by his work and persistent advocacy. Mr. Sheep is still ac- tive in educational work and is superintendent of schools at Elizabeth City. He was born in Montour County, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1856, a son of Matthew L. and Eliza- beth (MeKee) Sheep. His father was a farmer, and his early life was spent on a farm with the advantages of the public schools. He attended Greenwood Academy at Millville, Pennsylvania, and in 1874 graduated from the Pennsylvania State Normal School at Bloomsburg. For three years he was a teacher in Watsontown, Penn- sylvania, and from there came to North Caro- lina, where all his subsequent years have been spent. For thirty-six years Mr. Sheep was connected with educational affairs at Elizabeth City, having charge of the Elizabeth City Academy, later known as the Atlantic Collegiate Institute. He also organized the present graded school system at Elizabeth City and was in charge for several years. For two years he was out of the state as superintendent of schools at Helena, Arkansas. From 1916 to 1918 Mr. Sheep was superintendent of schools at Marion, and then he was re-elected superintendent of the Elizabeth City graded schools. He is a member of the North Carolina Teach- ers' Assembly and the Superintendents' Associa- tion and for eight years was a director of the Summer State Normal at Elizabeth City during the existence of that institution. He also served as county superintendent of Pasquotank County. He is former chairman of the board of county commissioners and ex-president of the Chamber of Commerce. For six years he has been a mem- ber of the Summer School faculty of the State University at Chapel Hill. Mr. Sheep is credited with originating the idea and system at the basis of the Eastern Carolina Teachers Training School. He worked persistent- ly and courageously against much opposition to secure the establishment of this praiseworthy in- stitution. One of the early bills was defeated in the Senate and it was only in 1909 that the measure passed both houses. Mr. Sheep is an elder in the Presbyterian Church. November 24, 1880, at Elizabeth City, he mar- ried Miss Pauline Hinton, daughter of William and Margaret Hinton. They are the parents of six children : William Lloyd has been in the regular army for eight years, has the rank of lieutenant colonel and is now stationed at Camp Greene. Matthew Leigh is a merchant at Eliza- beth City. Pauline, of Greensboro, is the widow of Glenn S. Hudson, an attorney. Helen Eliza- beth married Dr. Frank Morton Hawley, a Pres- byterian minister. Harvey Hinton is a lieutenant in the United States army. Margaret Fresh- water, the youngest child, is a teacher. John Hampton Ball. As postmaster at Elkin, John Hampton Ball is devoting his time and atten- 74 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA tion to the duties of his official position, rendering satisfactory service to his fellow townsmen and to the Government. A son of Nicholas Ball, he was born in Hamptonville, Yadkin County, North Carolina, in 1840. His paternal grandfather, John Ball, was born in the vicinity of Georgetown, Maryland, and after his marriage with a Miss Chamberlain purchased a tract of land in the Hamptonville district, this state, and was there engaged in tilling the soil until his death. Nicholas Ball was born in 1807 on the parental homestead in Hamptonville district, and there spent the earlier years of his life. Although he served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith 's trade, he did not follow it, farming being more congenial to his tastes. Having bought land lying a mile east of Hamptonville, he embarked in general farming and stock-raising, all stock in those days running at large. Successful in his under- takings, he spent the remainder of his years on the farm that he improved, dying April 22, 1857. He married Drusilla Bell, who was born in Yad- kin County, a daughter of Walter and Bebecca (Albea) Bell, natives of Maryland. She survived him several years, passing away in 1865. John Hampton Ball was brought up on the home farm and educated in the rural schools of his native district. When a lad of thirteen years he began life as a wage earner, becoming clerk in the general store of Josiah Cowles & Son at Hamptonville, continuing thus employed until 1861. In May of that year Mr. Ball enlisted in Company A, First North Carolina Cavalry, in which he served until the close of the war, being under command of various officers of note, includ- ing the following named : Cols. L. S. Baker, James B. Gordon, Thomas Ruffin, Rufus Baninger and William H. H. Cowles. At the battle of Spottsylvania Court House he was severely wounded, and later, in 1863, he was detailed as courier for Gen. Wade Hampton, and continued in that capacity until the end of the war. On the last day of March, 1865, Colonel Cowles was severely wounded, and Mr. Ball bore him from the field and remained with and cared for him until both were captured by the enemy. Taken to Fetersburg, Mr. Ball was confined as a prisoner until March 17, 1865, when he was paroled, and arrived at his home a few days after the sur- render. Becoming then a salesman in a wholesale house, Mr. Ball was thus employed at Charlotte, North Carolina, for four years, and for a similar length of time in Salisbury, Rowan County. Going to Simonton Mills, Iredell County, in 1875, he was there engaged in mercantile pursuits for awhile, and was afterward similarly employed in different places, having been in Hamptonville three years, in Yadkinville two years, and in Jonesville, where he operated a general store until 1885. The ensu- ing four years Mr. Ball served as brandy gauger. Forming then a partnership with John F. Cook, he bought a steam saw mill, and having installed it near Elkin sawed much of the timber used in the building of the first houses erected in that place. A few years later Mr. Ball accepted the position of private secretary to Gen. W. H. H. Cowles, and with him spent a few months in Washington. Returning from the Capital, Mr. Ball, in partnership with J. H. Greenwood, entered upon a new line of "business, becoming a dealer in fertilizers. Later he was appointed state in- spector of fertilizers, but resigned the position at the end of two years and in company with N. V. Poindexter engaged in the sale of fertilizers, con- tinuing until 1916, when he was appointed to his present responsible position as postmaster at Elkin. Mr. Ball married, May 25, 1875, Mary Emma Clark, who was in Elkin, a daughter of Francis F. and Eliza (Buchanan) Clark, and to them eight children have been born and reared, namely: William Arthur, Daisy C, Thomas Fin- ley, Mary Emily, Jeannette, Minnie, Reuben Henry and Wade Hampton. William Arthur married Lena Reynolds, and they have one son, Lay Reyn- olds. Daisy C, widow of the late Robert L. Kirk- man, has four children, Lura Cowles, John Frank, Robert Lee and Benjamin Eli. Mr. and Mrs. Ball are active members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he is serving as an elder. Although not an aspirant for public office, Mr. Ball has served as a member of the Elkin Board of Commissioners and on the Elkin Board of Education. Edward Carlton Duncan of Raleigh possesses a recognized genius for financial organization and constructive administration and is one of the prominent bankers and citizens of North Carolina. He was born at Beaufort in this state, March 28, 1862, son of William Benjamin and Sarah (Ramsey) Duncan, both natives of North Carolina and his father a merchant. Edward C. Duncan was educated in the schools of Beaufort, had some early experience in farming, and became a licensed steamboat captain, which profession he followed for a number of years. For several years he was collector of the Port of Beaufort, was elected a member of the Legislature for two terms, 1895 and in 1897, and for eleven years served as Collector of Internal Revenue of the Fourth North Carolina District. He resigned from that office to become eore- ceiver for the Seaboard Air Line Railway. During the next two years he assisted in bringing about a reorganization which was not only eminently satisfactory to all concerned, but also emphasized his individual ability as a financier. In March, 1909, Mr. Duncan organized the Merchants Na- tional Bank of Raleigh and has since been its president. He is a director of the Norfolk Southern Railroad, vice president and director of the Raleigh and Charlotte Southern Railway, and a director of the Atlantic and North Carolina Railway, the Bank of Beaufort and the North Carolina Home Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Duncan is a republican and one of the leaders of his party in the state. He has several terms been a member of the Republican National Com- mittee and was active in the campaign work for Taft in 1908, being on the sub-committee which successfully managed the national Taft campaign of that year. He is a member of the Capital Club and the' Country Club. February 26," 1890, he married Carrie Virginia King of Beaufort, North Carolina, daughter of, John F. King, a well known merchant of that city. By this marriage there are three children living, while one son, Edward C, died at the age of fourteen. William Benjamin, an attorney at law, is now first lieutenant in the One Hundred and Thirteenth Field Artillery. Elizabeth S. married T. S. Adams of Sevier, North Carolina; Charles L. is a member of the Coast Artillery Corps. Mr. Duncan's first wife died in 1899 and in 1903 he married Alma Speight of Fremont, North Caro- lina, daughter of William H. Speight, a Methodist minister. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 75 Herbert McClammy has been a member of the Wilmington bar in active practice and with a large amount of general litigation and corporation work to his credit for over thirty years. He was graduated in the law department of the University of North Carolina before he was twenty-one years of age. He was born in New Hanover County, North Carolina, October 9, 1863, a son of Charles Washington and Margaret (Fen- nell) McClammy. His father was a farmer, and his early life was spent in the wholesome environ- ment of the country. He attended the common schools, the Lynch Select High School at High Point for three years, and then took a course in the University of North Carolina, where he was graduated in 1884. Since then he has been in general practice at Wilmington. He now repre- sents as attorney several local corporations and banks. In 1895 Mr. McClammy was elected a member of the Legislature, and his record of public service also includes four years as city attorney. He is a member of the North Carolina and American Bar associations, belongs to the Cape Fear Club and the Carolina Yacht Club, the Cape Fear Country Club and is a former steward in the Methodist Church. .Tune 29, 1898, he married Miss Lessie Leech, of Wake County, North Caro- lina, Four children have been born to their mar- riage: Miriam, Margaret, Herbert, Jr., and Sarah Celeste. William Atlas Finch began his career with a definite purpose in view, and resolutely and ener- getically has followed the line of a purposeful life and has attained distinction in the profes- sion of the law. Mr. Finch has for many years been a leading member of the bar of ' Wilson and his name is not unknown in professional circles outside his home district. He was born at Stanhope in Nash County, North Carolina, March 13, 1870, a son of Joachim M. and Susan (Hopkins') Finch. His father was a farmer and the farm was the early environ- ment of William A. Finch. Partly through his own efforts he managed to acquire a. liberal edu- cation. He attended high school, the Oak Ridgo Institute, Trinity College at Durham, and took his legal education in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Mr. Finch was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1895 and at once began practice at Wilson, where a growing general practice has kept him busilv engaged ever since. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, with his familv belongs to the First Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Independent. Order of Odd Fel- lows. He was married November 30, 1898, to Miss Mary Louise Ford, of Madisonville. Virginia. They have three children. Marv Ford, William Atlas, Jr., and Harry Clinton. ' Wiley Sylvester Retch. A man of pronounced executive and financial ability, Wiley Sylvester Reich oeeumes a position of prominence in the business life of Elkin, and as president of the Farmers and Merchants Bank and president of the Reich Walsh Furniture Company is widely known throughout the surrounding country. A native of North Carolina, he was born near Winston, For- syth County, which was also the birthplace of both his father, Ephraim W. Reich, and of his grand- father, Thomas Reich. His great-grandparents, John and Catherine (Linebeck) Reich, were of German ancestry and early pioneers of Forsyth County. Thomas Reich was a farmer by occupation, and owned, near Winston, a plantation which he oper- ated. He married Maria Hanson, a lineal descen- dant of Martin Hanson, one of the first settlers of Bathabra, now known as Oldtown in Forsyth County. They were reared in the Moravian faith, to which they were always loyal, and both were buried in the cemetery at Oldtown. Born March 4, 1832, on the home farm near Winston, Ephraim W. Reich acquired a good knowledge of agriculture when young and chose farming for his life work. Becoming owner through inheritance of a plantation, he resided upon it a number of years, and then moved with his family to a farm which his wife had inherited. In addition to successfully supervising his farm- ing interests, he engaged in the manufacture of brick, building up a good business in that line and continuing in both pursuits until his death, on December 27, 1892. The maiden name of the wife of Ephraim W. Reich was Abigail Livingood. She was born near Maple Springs Church, in what was then Stokes County, but is now included within the limits of Forsyth County, November 13, 1835. Her father, Henry Livingood, was born in the same locality, a son of John and a Miss (Grubb) Livingood, residents during their entire lives, as far as known, of Stokes County, North Carolina. Henry Livingood became owner of a farm situated about four miles west of Winston-Salem, a part o'f which, the Maple Spring Camp Ground, he do- nated to the Maple Spring Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he, his wife and family were members. Henry Livingood married Elizabeth Koontz who was born in Davidson County, North Carolina, a daughter of John and Sally (Hunt) Koontz, and to them five daughters and two sons were born, as follows: Abigail, Charity, Mary, Susan, Sarah, Alfred and Wesley. Alfred, the oldest son, served as a soldier in the Con- federate army, and died of wounds received in battle. Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim W. Reich reared five children, Alexander, William Wesley, Martha, Regina. and Wiley Sylvester. Reared to habits of industry and thrift, Wiley S. Reich attended the district school during his boyhood days, and while assisting in the labors of the farm obtained a practical knowledge of agriculture. He also became an expert brick maker, and when, at the age of sixteen years, his father gave him his time he began the manu- facture of bricks on his own account, and in his operations met with gratifying success. Going, in 1892, to Pilot Mountain, then but a hamlet, Mr. Reich was there engaged in business as a building contractor for eight years. Coming to Elkin in 1900, he formed a partnership with Henry Whittaker, and under the firm name of Whittaker & Reich embarked in the furniture business. At the end of a year he purchased his partner's interest in the firm and continued the business alone until 1906, when it was incor- porated under its present name of the Reich Walsh Furniture Company, of which Mr. Reich is president and general manager, while his son Paul, who has the distinction of being the youngest graduate of Renouard's School of Em- balming, New York City, is the secretary and treasurer. 76 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Mr. Reich married, September 30, 1893, Mary Etta Whittaker, who was born in Surry County, a daughter of Henry G. and Sarah Adaline (Marion) Whittaker. Mr. and Mrs. Eeieh have eight children living, namely : Gladys, Paul C., Nell, Mabel, Hazel Imogene, Ralph Sylvester, Mary Margaret, John Whittaker and Clyde Graham. Their oldest child, Clyde Arvel, died at the age of nineteen years. Mr. and Mrs. Reich are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in which he has served as steward and in which he is now serving as a teacher in the Sunday school. Fraternally Mr. Reich is a member of Elkin Lodge No. 454, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons, which he repre- sented in the North Carolina Grand Lodge in 1916 and 1917; and of Elkin Council, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Frank Nash, a lawyer who has carried un- usually heavy burdens of practice during the past forty years, has enjoyed many of the most dis- tinctive honors paid a member of his profession and also in the public life of his home county and state. At the present time Mr. Nash is a candi- date for member of the State Senate. He was born in Robeson County, North Caro- lina, January 29, 1855, a son of Frederick K. and Anna M. (McLean) Nash. His father was a native of Hillsboro and for many years an active Presbyterian minister. Senator Frank Nash was educated in the well known private schools of Misses Nash & Kollock, also the R. H. Graves School. As the son of a minister his early life was not one of luxury and he found it necessary to labor for his own support. He worked in a tobacco factory, and later a wholesale grocery, at which time he took up the study of law at night, and by industry was admitted to the bar in June, 1877. From that year until 1885 he practiced law at Tarboro. He was elected mayor of that city, and from 1881 to 1885 served as judge of the Criminal Court. His rigorous application to work brought about a failure of health, and for nearly ten years he was practically retired from regular practice. In the early '90s he came to Hillsboro and in that city has done his best work. He has served as Referee in Bankruptcy, was mayor of Hillsboro from 1907 to 1911, and served as county attorney from 1910 to 1915 and in 1915 was again elected but resigned that office when he entered the State Senate. As senator he was a representative of the Eighteenth District including Durham, Orange, Alamance and Caswell counties. Senator Nash is a charter member of the North Carolina Bar Association, and was a second vice president in the organization during 1914-15. He is also a member of the American Bar Asso- ciation, of the State Literary and Historical Association, which he served as second vice presi- dent in 1913-14, and in 1917 was elected a member of the Executive Committee of the State Bar Association. For many years Mr. Nash has given time to literary and historical research and has contributed much of value to the historical litera- ture of the state. He is author of ' ' Colonial and Revolutionary History of Hillsboro and also of Orange County," has written much on the Recon- struction period, and has also prepared many biographical sketches of men of note in the state. Senator Nash is a deacon of the Presbyterian church. November 26, 1879, he married Jessie Powell Baker of Tarboro. Mrs. Nash died July 9, 1896, leaving two daughters. The older, Susan, is a teacher in the State Normal School. Catherine married Claud R. Mclver, a prosperous farmer of Greensboro, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Mclver have four children, Claud R. Jr., Staton, Catherine and Charles D. Ernest Deans, who was born at Wilson, North Carolina, August 8, 1869, has spent his active career in that city with a growing diversity of interests and responsibilities. For a quarter of a century he has been in the insurance and real estate business and since 1896 has been secre- tary and treasurer of the Wilson Home Loan Association, and is also manager of the Wilson Cotton Storage Warehouse and manager of the Wilson Real Estate, Loan and Trust Company. Mr. Deans is a son of William Elbert and Margaret Franklin (Rountree) Deans. His fa- ther was for years a merchant at Wilson and at one time served as city tax collector. Ernest Deans besides the public schools at Wilson at- tended Trinity College, and his first practical business experience was as bookkeeper, an oc- cupation he followed five years before entering business for himself. He was married September 29, 1897, to Mary Hunter Gray, of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Their three children are Mary Hunter, Aylmer Gray and Margaret Rountree. Mr. Deans is a steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church at Wilson. William J. Herring. Some of the most pro- gressive and enterprising farmers of North Caro- lina will be found in Surry County, and among them is William J. Herring, whose well managed and productive estate lies near Mount Airy in the township of that name. His birth occurred on a farm in the same township of Surry County May 27, 1866. He has an interesting lineage. His great-grandfather, Henry Herring, came from Virginia to Surry county in colonial times, and bought a tract of land bordering Stuart Creek. He contracted to pay for this land in tobacco. He lived only a few years, and the perfecting of the title to the land was left to other members of the family. His son Hardin Herring, grandfather of Wil- liam J., was born in Surry County, had a farm rearing and made farming his lifelong occupation in Surry County. He married Betty Dudley. Her grandfather, the great-great-grandfather of Wil- liam J. Herring, was Charles Dudley, a native of England. He is said to have been a younger son of a wealthy nobleman. When a youth, seeking adventure, he ran away and accompanied a neigh- bor to America. In this country he acquired land on Ararat River in Surry County, and here he reproduced so far as possible the circumstances and environment of the typical sporting English squire. He evinced a great fondness for fast horses and kept up a free handed hospitality. His son Robert, father of Betty Dudley, was born in Surry County and after reaching manhood he took his family to Georgia, but did not find that state entirely to his heart's desire and soon re- turned, having made the round trip with wagon and team. He subsequently owned and occupied a farm on Stuart Creek. Hardin Herring died at the age of eighty-eight and his wife at eighty-seven. Their son Henry Herring, father of William J., was born in Mount Airy Township and his active years were spent HBh»I k^ft^Sfe^ 1 ^^^^ T.s JT* ! MP flj RlI Ik JR |pfe ofeZ f Jgaj^^l^l^-fOTtti ' : :|H KS^feSir"^ 1 ^KKBBBwBfc* : ^/ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 77 on a farm on Stuart Creek. At the time of the war he was lieutenant in a company of Home Guards. His death occurred at the age of sixty- eight. He married Mildred Johnson, who was born in Wilkes Couuty, North Carolina, a daugh- ter of William and Letitia Johnson, who removed from Wilkes County to Surry County fn 1839, and bought a large tract of land on Stuart Creek. This land they operated with their slaves and they became substantial and well-to-do people of that community. Mrs. Henry Herring died at the age of eighty years. Her children were named William J.; Elizabeth; Robert, a Baptist minister; Philip, who lived in Missouri; Frank, of Surry County; Lettie, who died at the age of ten years; Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Critz; and Minnie, single. William J. Herring had all the early advan- tages in some of the country schools of Surry county. The first school he ever attended was in a log cabin. In the absence of a window a sec- tion of a log was taken out to admit the light. There were slab benches for seats, an earth and stick chimney, and fireplace. Subsequently Mr. Herring attended school in a better equipped building at Mount Airy. The year he was twenty- one he worked a part of his father 's land on the shares, and then went west to Missouri and was employed as a farm hand for three years. Re- turning to Surry County, he lived for ten years at the old homestead and looked after his aged parents. He then bought eighty acres of land, a part of which is included in his present fin© farm situated two miles west of Mount Airy. Mr. Her- ring now has under his direct management and supervision 125 acres, with excellent buildings and with every facility for maximum production of crops and livestock. Mr. Herring married Cora Critz, who was born in Stuart Creek Township, a daughter of Samuel and Eveline (Simmons) Critz. Mr. and Mrs. Herring have one daughter, Mary, now a member of the class of 1918 in the Mount Airy High School. Mr. Herring is affil- iated with Granite City Lodge No. 322, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. Miss Kate Stuaet. For the notable aervice she has rendered as a pioneer educator in North Caro- lina, Kate Stuarf deserves a specific place in the annals of the state, though the esteem and affec- tion paid her name are safe and secure in the grateful memory of the many hundreds whose lives and characters she has helped form and de- velop. Miss Stuart, who still lives at Southport, was born in the old village of Smithville, the original name of Southport. Her grandparents were of Revolutionary stock, and her maternal grandfather, John Garland was wounded in the Battle of New Orleans at the close of the War of 1812, while fighting under General Jackson, and he died of his wounds three days later. Miss Stuart is a daughter of Charles Henry and Mary Elizabeth Stuart. She grew up in war times, and has many vivid memories of the days when North and South were gripped in a deadly struggle for supremacy. As a girl she was one of the most loyal and enthusiastic upholders of the Southern cause, and the glory and traditions of the Southland are a living reality to her. On May 24, 1862, Miss Stuart graduated in the English course from the Glen Anna Female Semi- nary at Thomasville, North Carolina. Nearly all the years since then she has spent as a teacher, and her work began at a time which entitles her to the distinction of being a pioneer educator of North Carolina. All over the state if not all over the South there are children and grandchildren of her old pupils and her name has a significance to them all. Her principal work in the educational field was performed as principal of the Southport Academy and as principal of the Peabody School. Miss Stuart is the only woman member of the Chamber of Commerce of Southport, and that is a distinction as creditable to the Chamber as to herself. She is president of the Civic Club of Southport and an active member of the Methodist Church. Of the many incidents in her life which have become familiar to the people of Cape Fear through widely published stories, one may be briefly referred to here. A number of years ago, at great personal risk to herself, she saved the life of Mary Hunter, whose father was captain of a vessel in the Clyde line. For her heroism she was presented a gold watch and chain, and the Clyde steamers which came into the port near her home always made it a rule to salute in honor of her presence. Alexander J. MacKinnon. It would be diffi- cult to say just through what one line of achieve- ment and interest Major MacKinnon has contrib- uted his greatest service to his native State of North Carolina. He is Major MacKinnon because of his long and active service in the State National Guard. His intimate friends know him as ' ' Sandy '.' MacKinnon, and that title is perhaps more expressive of his genial personality and his ready enterprise. He was born about four miles west, of Laurin- burg, in Richmond, now Scotland County, North Carolina, in 1862, was reared and received his early education in the section of the state where he was born, and in that one community he has spent his life. He is one of the most genial and amiable gentlemen that one would meet in many a day — characteristics which, coupled with his unvarying success in the business world, make him a man of very wide influence. He is a son of Alexander C. and Sallie (Mac- Queen) MacKinnon, both now deceased. His fa- ther was born in what is now Scotland County, formerly part of Richmond County, and belongs to a large and influential family of Scotch an- cestry whose descendants at this day are numbered among the most worthy and substantial citizens of the state. He married Mrs. Sallie Currie, whose maiden name was Sallie MacQueen. She was a granddaughter of that distinguished Scotch colonial character in North Carolina, Col. James Mac- Queen, who founded the family of MacQueens at Queensdale in what is now Robeson County during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Alex- ander C. MacKinnon and wife had the following children: Archibald, Martin, Alexander J., Angus C. and Katie MacKinnon. Alexander J. MacKinnon was a member of the North Carolina State Guards for many years, held various offices, and finally retired with the rank of major. His present interests extend to a great variety of business, industrial and agricultural af- fairs. He is president of the Maxton, Alma & Southbound Railroad; president of the Alma Lum- ber Company of Alma; president of the A. J. MacKinnon Corporation of Maxton; vice nresident and treasurer of the Southern Exchange Company, 78 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA extensive cotton buyers, with offices at Maxton, North Carolina, and New York City; vice presi- dent of the Bank of Maxton; vice president of the Town Creek Lumber Company of Town Creek, North Carolina; secretary of Carolina College of Maxton, a school for young women; and chair- man of the board of stewards of the Methodist Church of Maxton. Major MacKinnon believes in doing good by encouraging others to make the best of their op- portunities. He has no sympathy with that be- nevolence which merely works in a circle and cre- ates the greater need for continued charity. He is first of all a business man and his method of doing good to others strictly conforms to the most exacting demands of business standards. The interest in which he takes the greatest pride and contains the most potential good for his com- munity and state is his farm about five miles south of his home city of Maxton. While he would not call it a model farm, it really is an important center of experimental agriculture and is sewing as a splendid instrument of agricultural advance- ment. He bought the land a few years ago as a timber investment. Aside from the timber there was hardly an acre that was worth anything from an agricultural standpoint. At the present time he has 200 acres cleared and in cultivation. On this farm Major MacKinnon is endeavoring to show the practical value of diversified farming, and the means and methods to accomplish that object. His purpose is not to lead away from the old stand- ard crop of cotton, for he himself still pins his faith to the cotton crop. It is rather to demon- strate how by the rotation of crops and the pro- duction of various legumes, together with the rais- ing of good breeds of livestock, the land can be made more productive with a less expense for arti- ficial fertilizer. He is thus endeavoring to open a way out for the successful production of the staple money crop cotton, at a less expense to the farmer and with an incidental result of larger profit. While Major MacKinnon reads and gathers information from agricultural journals and from bulletins, yet he is as far as possible from the theoretical or book farmer. His idea is the very practical one of simply making good money out of the farm and showing other farmers how to do likewise. The distinguishing part of his plan is that its successful operation requires brain, study, unceasing attention to detail, and hard work. So far his success has been nothing less than remarkable, and it has acted as an in- spiration to others and undoubtedly the fruits of his experiment will continue to benefit that locality for years to come. As a stock man Major MacKin- non is raising pure bred hogs of the Duroc-Jersey type and some pure bred cattle and is constantly grading up his stock. Several acres of his land are devoted to pasture, being sodded in Bermuda grass, and recently he has been endeavoring to set it with burr clover, and has also experimented with Abruzzi rye for forage. He has succeeded in getting such a rotation of crops and of the va- rious legumes that his hogs and cattle have good grazing practically during the entire year. His farm is an experiment ground for various kinds of forage and feed crops, and some notable re- sults have already been attained. The MacKinnon farm also produces canteloupes, watermelons, and various other fruits and vegetables. The primary object throughout is to give the land plenty of humus, and that by such a system of rotation as will make it productive with the least outlay for fertilizer. Under ordinary conditions, without such a system, the bills for guano or other fertilizing agents to supply the natural lack of humus makes profitable farming on such land practically out of the question. At his home in Maxton Major MacKinnon is at the head of a very happy family. He married Miss Jennie MacKinney, daughter of the late Cap- tain MaeKinney, who was a highly respected citi- zen ot .Robeson County and died at Maxton several years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Mac Kinn on have four children, Sallie Lou, Henry A., Katie Lee and Arthur J. MacKinnon. Sallie Lou is a Hu Choow, China, missionary. The son, Henry, practiced law two years and has volunteered in the United States army. He is a second lieutenant and now in Prance. George Washington Stanton, who has be- come well known at Wilson in banking and in- surance circles, was born in Wilson County and his birthplace was near the Town of Stantons- burg, with which section his family have been identified for many years. Mr. Stanton was born October 19, 1878, and is a sou of George Washington and Georgia (Wil- kinson) Stanton. His father was a well known farmer and represented his home county in the State Legislature in 1876. George W. Stanton, Jr., grew up on his fa- ther 's farm, attended the Wilson High School and in 1895 was a student in Professor Yerkes Military Institute. In 1896, at the age of eigh- teen, he entered the employ of the Branch Bank- ing Company at Wilson in the capacity of a ' ' runner. ' ' He remained with that institution with increasing efficiency and with increasing re- sponsibilities until August, 1909, and when he resigned he was cashier. Since leaving the bank Mr. Stanton has been a successful insurance man at Wilson, and is now general agent of the Jef- ferson Standard Life Insurance Company of Greensboro, North Carolina. He is a member of the Rotary Club, Country Club and Commonwealth Club of Wilson, is past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias Lodge and the Dramatic Order Knights of Korassan and is active in St. Timothy Episcopal Church, serving as superintendent of its Sunday school. On November 12, 1902, Mr. Stanton married Effie L. Baker, of Emporia, Virginia. They have one daughter, Lucie Claiborn Stanton, now at- tending the public schools of Wilson. Hon. Shadrach C. Pranklin has made his years and his efforts count chiefly as a farmer and stock raiser in Surray County, near Mount Airy. He has also served in the Legislature, and has filled various other places of trust and responsibility. Mr. Frank- lin is a member of an old and noted family of Western North Carolina. It is the same family which produced Governor Jesse Pranklin, one of the early governors of this state and also a United States senator. Mr. Pranklin was born on a farm in the locality known as Haystack in Surry County July 23, 1845. He was not yet sixteen when the war broke out, and at the age of eighteen he entered the Confederate army as a member of Company E of the 45th Regiment, Virginia Troops. He was with that regiment in many of its battles and campaigns until in June, 1864, he was captured and as a prisoner of war was confined at In- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 79 dianapolis. When the war was over he was released on parole. The founder of the family in North Carolina was his great-grandfather, Bernard Franklin, who was born in Virginia of early English an- cestry. Prior to the Revolutionary war he came to North Carolina and settled on Mitchell's Rivei in Surry County. He was a pioneer there and helped redeem a portion of the wilderness. It was his son Jesse, afterwards governor and United States senator, who had first come to this region and while visiting his uncle, General Ben- jamin Cleveland, had selected the site where Ber- nard Franklin settled. The latter improved his farm and continued to live in that locality until his death. He married Mary Cleveland, a sister of the Kevolutionary hero, Colonel Ben Cleveland. They reared five children : Jesse, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego and Mary. Grandfather Shadrach Franklin was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, but grew upon a farm in Surry County. .He finally succeeded to the ownership of part of the old homestead and had his slaves to cultivate the fields. Late in life he went to live in the home of his son Wiley T., and died there at the age of ninety-two. Shadrach Franklin mar- ried Judith Taliaferro, who was born in Albe- marle County, Virginia. Her father, Dr. John Taliaferro, a native of the same county, came to North Carolina in colonial times and was one of the very early settlers in what is now Stuart Creek Township, Surry County. In the Revolu- tionary war he acted as a surgeon and looked after the wounded following the battle of Gilbert Courthouse. The farm which he improved is still owned by his descendants. Grandmother Franklin died at the age of eighty-two. Their children were seven in number, Bernard, Taliaferro, Wiley T., Polly, Lucy, Martha and Bettie. Wiley T. Franklin was born on a farm that bordered Mitchell 's River in Surry County, in December, 1801. On' that farm he spent his early days and after reaching manhood he bought an- other place on Mitchell's River but subsequently sold that and bought land on Fisher's River. He owned slaves and enjoyed the easy circumstances of the substantial planter. He occupied his old homestead until his death at the age of ninety years. The maiden name of his wife was Mary Taliaferro, a daughter of Charles Taliaferro and a granddaughter of the Dr. John Taliaferro, above named. She died at the age of ninety years and two months. She was the mother of seven children: Virginia, Martha, Bettie, Judith, Matilda, Lucinda and Shadrach C. The only son in this family, Shadrach C. Frank- lin, had a farm training and acquired his educa- tion in the local schools before the war. When the war was over he went to Tennessee, but soon returned to Surry County and bought the farm he now occupies two miles west of Mount Airy. He has used a great deal of care and invested a large amount of capital in developing this place according to his ideals of an efficient farm. It consists of 200 acres and has ample buildings and other facilities for the handling of his live- stock and his crops. His favorite cattle are the Shorthorns and he also raises Red Duroc swine. Mr. Franklin has been twice married. His first wife was Martha Whitlock, who was born in Stuart Creek Township of Surry County, a daugh- ter of Charles and Celia (Roberts) Whitlock. Mrs. Franklin died four years after her mar- riage. Her two sons are James W. and Charles W., the former of whom married Alice McGee. For his second wife Mr. Franklin married Bettie Kapp, who was born on a farm bordering Mit- chell 'a River in Surry County, a duuguter of Adolphus and Mary (Thompson,) Knapp. By the second union there are also two sons: J_.ee Fries and Bernard F. Politically Mr. Franklin has always been a sturdy and stanch democrat. His election to the Legislature occurred in 1887, and besides the service he thus rendered his co mm unity he was for five years a member of the County School Board and two years county commissioner. He is affiliated with Surry Camp No. 797 of the United Confederate Veterans, and has been com- mander of that camp most of the time since it was organized. Mark Twain Frizzelle, M. D. The ten years since he left the Medical College of Virginia with his diploma have been sufficient in which to give Doctor Frizzelle prominence and success in his profession, and also a position of business leader- ship and civic prominence at Ayden, his home town. Doctor Frizzelle was born in Greene County, North Carolina, October 26, 1879, a son of sub- stantial farming people of that section of the state, Jesse T. and Lovie Cornelia (Brooks,) Friz- zelle. Doctor Frizzelle acquired his early education in the Ormondsville High School, later attended Trinity College at Durham with the class of 1903, and was granted the degree Doctor of Medicine by the Medical College of Virginia in 1907. In July of that year he located at Ayden, and while handling a general practice is regarded as a very expert and skillful surgeon. Doctor Frizzelle is a member of the Pitt County and North Carolina Medical societies and the American Medical As- sociation. He is physician to the National Veneer Company, is president of the Ayden Building and Loan Association, and director of the Farmers and Merchants National Bank. He also has farm- ing land to the extent of 400 acres and gives its management considerable of his personal super- vision. James Buchanan Ruark. One of the individ- uals who essentially belongs to the men of action of Brunswick County is James Buchanan Ruark, whose career is typical of modern progress and advancement. Alert and enterprising, this South- port merchant has utilized to the full the opportu- nities which have been offered him for business preferment, and has attained thereby an eminently satisfying success. The secret of his accomplish- ment is not far to seek, for close application, in- defatigable energy, integrity and determination have combined to constitute the foundation of his achievements. James Buchanan Ruark belongs to a family which has long been well known and highly re- spected in Southeastern North Carolina, and was born in Brunswick County, this state, January 24, 1857. His parents were Hanson Kelley and Re- becca Ann (Woodside) Ruark, and his father was a pilot who was widely known among the river captains of this section for an extended period of years. The education of James B. Ruark was confined to that attainable in the public schools of his day and locality, but he was naturally alert and possessed a retentive mind, and started his career with perhaps a better education than the majority of boys who had received his same advan- tages. He was only fourteen years of age when he began to contribute to his own support, and in 1875 became clerk in a general store at South- 80 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA port, a capacity in which he continued for twelve years. During this time he had secured experi- ence in every department of mercantile life, and in August, 1887, felt that he was ready to realize one of his ambitions, that of becoming a proprietor. At that time he accepted an opportunity offered and began business in partnership with Mr. Guth- rie, an association which lasted for sixteen years, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Euark taking over Mr. Guthrie's interests. Since 1912 the business has been conducted under the firm style of J. B. Euark Company, and has become one of the necessary commercial assets of the city. Mr. Euark has a modern store building, with the most up-to-date equipment, and carries a complete stock of general merchandise, chosen with regard to the particular needs and wishes of the people of his community, well and attractively arranged and dis- played, and fairly priced. The enterprise, from catering merely to a local patronage, has grown until its customers now bring their trade from far-distant points. Mr. Euark's success has been builded along lines of honesty and fair dealing, and his name in the business world is synonymous with integrity. ■ On October 29, 1876, Mr. Euark was united in marriage w ; th Miss Sallie Potter Longest, of Brunswick County, North Carolina, and to this union there are seven living children, namely: Hattie Longest, now the wife of J. H. Stone, of Wilmington, North Carolina; Eobert, who is a successful practitioner of law at that city; Joseph Watters. mayor of Southport and one of the lead- ing members of the Brunswick County bar; Crou- ley Guthrie, of Detroit, Michigan; Dr. William Thomas, a successful practicing physician of Wilmington; Bryant Whitfield, who is a teacher in the public schools of Detroit, Michigan; and Mary Eebecca, who is the wife of Eobert St. George, a traveling man of Wilmington. Mr. Euark has long been interested in civic mat- ters, and has served as town commissioner and alderman for several years. In July, 1909, he was made chairman of the county board of educa- tion, a position which he has retained to the pres- ent time. His public service has been a decidedly creditable one, reflecting honor upon Mr. Euark's executive ability and character. A greater worker in religious movements at Southport will not be found than Mr. Euark, and for the past twenty- five years he has been treasurer and a member of the board of stewards of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. His only fraternal connection is with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which order he is past noble grand. Hon. Joseph Watters Euark. The law is known as a stern mistress, demanding of her dev- otees constant and unremitting attention and leading her followers through many mazes and in- tricacies before she grants them a full measure of success. This incessant devotion frequently precludes the idea of the successful lawyer indulg- ing in activities outside of the straight path of his profession, especially if his vocational duties are of a large and important nature. But there are men who find the time and the inclination to devote to other matters, particularly those affect- ing civic affairs, and who, by the very reason of their ability in the law, are peculiarly fitted to perform capable service therein. Joseph Watters Ruark, mayor of Southport, has for a number of years been a close devotee of the law. A master of its perplexities and complexities, his activities have been directed incessantly to the demands of his calling. Yet he has found the leisure to dis- charge in a highly efficient manner the duties of his office, and he is therefore as well known as a public-spirited factor in civic affairs as he is as a thorough and learned legist. Joseph W. Ruark was born at Southport, Bruns- wick County, North Carolina, November 29, 1885, and is a son of James Buchanan and Sallie Potter (Longest) Euark, of whom mention is made on other pages of this work. After attending the public schools of Southport, Joseph Watters Euark entered the law department of the University of North Carolina, from which he was graduated February 4, 1907. He began practice at Sanford, North Carolina, where he remained for five years, and took a prominent part in public affairs, being elected mayor of that city. He had served in that office for two years when he resigned, and in 1913 came to Southport, where he has since been engaged in a general prae- - tice of his profession. It was not long before his abilities were recognized, and he is now in the enjoyment of a large professional business which takes him into all the courts. In May, 1915, he was elected mayor of Southport, and is giving the people excellent service in that office. Mayor Euark is a Blue Lodge and Chapter Mason and a member of the Junior Order of "United American Mechanics. He has the interests of his native city at heart and is found foremost among the men who are working for its advancement. On November 29, 1911, Mayor Euark was mar- ried to Miss Elizabeth Cross, of Sanford, North Carolina, and they have one daughter, Marion. Mayor and Mrs. Euark are members of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. Alexander Waddell Pate. The ability to handle successfully a number of interests is a rare one, and has been a distinguishing feature of the business career of Alexander Waddell Pate in Wilmington. Mr. Pate is a native of North Carolina, had his early business experience in this state and in Virginia, and since April, 1907, has been identified with Wilmington and primarily as a real estate man. He conducts a real estate, brokerage and development business. He was responsible for the laying out and developing of the Sea Gate property. He also bought the New Hanover Transit Company and laid out and developed the Carolina Beach. This was an old resort property, but had practically been abandoned from a residential standpoint. It is a tract of land of unexampled beauty and adaptability for resort purposes. It comprises 1,000 acres, is situated fourteen miles from Wil- mington on a peninsula extending into the At- lantic Ocean and bounded on one side by Cape Fear Eiver and at the head of Myrtle Grove Sound. The New Hanover Transit Company owns this beach of which Mr. Pate is president. One of the leading improvements on the beach property is the Graystone Inn, which contains thirty rooms. Mr. Pate is also president of the Southern Eealty and Development Company, is a director of the Wilmington-Carolina Beach Eailway Company, and is head of the A. W. Pate Company, real estate and brokerage. He was born in Cumberland County, North Carolina, September 26, 1875, a son of Alexander and Susan E. (McDonald) Pate. His father was a merchant and manufacturer. The son received his education in the public schools and in the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 85 000. The firm is also one of the chief cotton buy- ers in Pitt County. The founder of the business is everywhere known trustfully and appreciatively as ' ' Bob ' ' Davis. It is said that there are hun- dreds of people in Pitt County who have never traded at any store or bought any goods except from Bob Davis. Mr. .Robert Lang Davis was born March 23, 1856, a son of Benjamin Archibald and Mary A. (Lang) Davis. His father was a farmer. When Robert L. was about rive years of age his father went away to fight with the Confederate Army in Company F of the Sixty-first Regiment, North Carolina Infantry, and was with the Confederate troops in many campaigns until he met his death at Charleston, South Carolina, in April, 1863. The death of his father meant that Robert L. Davis' early advantages were of a meager character, and his education was confined entirely to the country schools. He had to overcome handicaps and meet hardships in establishing himself in the business world. For several years he farmed, and in 1872 became a clerk in the store of his uncle, W. G. Lang. Then, in 1879, with a limited capital and Only a few years experience, he set up in business for himself as a general merchant at Farmville. The farm was first known as Davis & Home, his partner being W. R. Home. In 1886 Mr. Home withdrew, and after that Mr. Davis continued alone, grad- ually building up his trade and enlarging the scope of his enterprise. In 1893 he took in his two brothers, Francis M. and John R., and thus estab- lished the firm of R. L. Davis & Brothers, which now for a quarter of a century has held its own among the larger mercantile organizations in the state. Besides the big work he has accomplished in founding and building up this enterprise R. L. Davis has been a foremost and ever ready factor in everything that concerns the welfare of Farm- ville and vicinity. He is known as a big-hearted and public spirited citizen. His interests are now widespread, and he is well known in financial circles as a planter, manufacturer and business man. He became one of the large stockholders and a director of the Bank of Greenville, and served as its president from 1S96 until it was merged with the National Bank of Greenville, at which time he resigned the presidency. In 1900 he was elected county commissioner of Pitt County and re-elected in 1902, and has also served as mayor and alderman of Farmville. In 1904 he organized the Bank of Farmville and has since been its chief executive officer. Mr. R. L. Davis also took a prominent part in creating a tobacco market at Farmville, building two warehouses and gradually enlarging the facilities until Farmville now supplies one of the chief markets in Eastern North Carolina. He also financed the tobacco drying plant at a cost of $40,000. He was one of the organizers and has been president since its organization of the Farm- ville Oil and Fertilizer Mill, and is president of the Davis Horse and Mule Company. He gave Farmville a modern brick three-story hotel, one of the important institutions of the town. Mr. Davis has also served as a member of the graded school board of Farmville since it was organized. Ho lias never married. His brother, John Richard Dnvis, who is active manager of R. L. Pavi« & Brothers, was born April 20, 1863, had a public school education, and since 1893 has been prominently associated with his brother. He is a director and treasurer of the Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Company, is vice presi- dent and director of the Bank of Farmville, di- rector and treasurer of the Davis Horse and Mule Company. He is also a bachelor. Francis Marion Davis, the third member of the firm of R. L. Davis & Brothers, was born February 25, 1861, and after an education in the public schools became clerk in the store of his brothers until he entered the active partnership in 1893. He is also a director of the Davis Horse and Mule Company. June 3, 1903, he married Miss Lucy Bryant, of Wilson County, North Caro- lina. Their four children are named Francis Marion, Jr., Virginia Elizabeth, Janie Long and Margaret Scarborough. Hector McLean Green. Now serving as post- master of Wilmington, an office to which he was appointed by President Wilson on May 28, 1915, Hector McLean Green has long been actively identified with business and public affairs in this section of the state. He was born in Harnett County, North Carolina, March 30, 1849, a son of John and Flora Catherine (McLean) Green. His father was a planter. Hector Green spent his early life on the old plantation, and part of his boyhood fell during the dark days of the war. He had to satisfy himself with such education as was afforded by the private schools, and after the war he assisted in rehabilitating the plantation and remained there until 1871. His chief business success has been in the timber and lumber business, and he built some very exten- sive connections from Wilmington as his head- quarters and continued actively in the industry until he entered the postoffice. From 1898 to 1912 he also served as treasurer of New Haven County and was chairman of the Democratic Exe- cutive Committee in 1895, 1896, 1897 and 1898. Mr. Green is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is chairman of the Board of Trustees of the First Presbyteriau Church of Wilmington. On November 6, 1873, he married Miss Ida Deems Alderman, of Wilmington. They have one daughter, Alice, wife of Edwin M. Wilson, who is a well known educator. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have a son, Hugh McLean Wilson. James LaFatette Morgan, banker and man- ufacturer of Marion, has achieved the dignity and position of a successful business man through many years of consecutive effort, in which abibty, common sense and integrity have been dominant characteristics. Mr. Morgan was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina, September 26, 1854. His par- ents were James Webb and Harriet (Briscoe) Morgan. His early life was spent on his fa ther 's farm and under his father 's direction ho also acquired a practical knowledge of tanning. His father operated one of the few tanneries at that time in North Carolina. The son was educated in one of the old fashioned subscrip- tion schools. On taking up his independent career he was identified with the manufacture of tobacco for about seven years. Since then his interests have taken on a wide scope. Mr. Morgan is president of the First National Bank of Marion, is one of the organizers and a director of the Marion and Clinchfield Manufac- turing Company, a cotton mill, is secretary and 86 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA treasurer of the Marion Light & Power Com- pany, of which he was the active organizer, and also owns a tannery. Mr. Morgan has an ex- tensive tract of farm land, comprising about 2,000 acres and including the widely known Pleasant Gardens farms. He has also done his share of public duties, having served as alderman of Marion and as register of deeds of the county. January 13, 1886, he married Belle Moore, of Statesville, North Carolina. They have two daughters, Essie is the wife of Hubert McNeill Poteat, a professor in Wake Porest College. The daughter Pay is Mrs. William P. Craig. Richard LaFayette Harris. A valued and highly esteemed resident of Elkin, Surry County, Richard LaFayette Harris, vice president of the Elkin Canning Company and a farmer of prom- inence, has spent his entire life in this section of the state, and in its growth and development, whether relating to its agricultural, manufacturing or mercantile interests, has ably performed his full share. A son of the late Fletcher Asbury Harris, he was born on a plantation in Edwards Township, Yadkins Valley, Wilkes County, June 27, 1861. • Ephraim Drake Harris, paternal grandfather of the special subject of this sketch, was born, it is supposed, in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry. The only member of his father 's family to cross the At- lantic, he immigrated to America when young, coming directly to North Carolina. Locating about six miles east of Jonesville, he purchased land, and with the help of slaves improved a fine plantation, and in addition to carrying on general farming owned and operated a tannery. Exceedingly pros- perous in his undertakings, he erected a substantial brick house on his estate, and there continued his residence until his death. One of his sons, Thomas, went west, but it is not known in what state he located. Another son, Enoch, enlisted during the Civil war in the Confederate Army, and died while in service, leaving two sons, William W. and Edward E. His daughter Margaret, who became the wife of Rev. Mr. MeMasters, lived for a time after her marriage in Wilkes County, from there going West. Fletcher Asbury Harris was born on the home farm in Yadkin County October 11, 1818, and there grew to manhood. Taking advantage of every of- fered opportunity, he acquired an excellent educa- tion and as a young man did much surveying in Yadkin, Wilkes and Surry counties, having been a civil engineer of high repute. Subsequently pur- chasing a farm in the Yadkin Valley, Edwards Township, he managed it successfully with the aid of slaves, occupying it until his death, which occurred December 24, 1902. On April 14, 1841, Fletcher A. Harris married Sarah H. Moore, who was born in Stokes County, North Carolina, June 17, 1820, being a daughter of William C. Moore. She preceded him to the life beyond, dying September 4, 1898. Eleven chil- dren were born of their union, as follows: Wil- liam Clement, who enlisted in the Confederate Army soon after the breaking out of the Civil war, and lost his life in the service; Ellen Virginia; Juriah Lueretia; Ephraim Drake; Julius Newton; Maria, deceased; Margaret Paulina, deceased; Charles Clinton, deceased; Richard LaFayette; Ann Victoria; and Lelia Henrie. Brought up on the parental homestead, Richard LaFayette Harris first attended the district schools, later completing his early studies in the Jonesville High School. He obtained a practical knowledge of agriculture on the home plantation, remaining there until 1885, when he was appointed deputy revenue collector for a term of four years. In 1893 he was again appointed to the same office, and served another term of four years in that capacity. Mr. Harris succeeded to the ownership of his father's estate which he has since managed in- telligently and successfully, although he has not lived upon it for a number of years, his home since 1902 having been in Elkin, where he has erected a commodious house, with modern improvements. Identified with one of the leading industries of Surry County, Mr. Harris is vice president of the Elkin Canning Company and devotes a portion of his time to this concern, which is carrying on an extensive and remunerative business in the canning of fruits and vegetables grown in this section of the country. Mr. Harris married, November 18, 1896, Iris Adelia Poplin, who was born in Edwards Township, Wilkes County, a daughter of Samuel J. and Eliza- beth Virginia Poplin. Into the household thus established five children have been born, namely: Ohna B., Edwin Worth, Beulah May, Sarah Eliza- beth and Margaret Victoria. Faithful and valued members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Mr. and Mrs. Harris have reared their family in the same religious belief. Mr. Harris has served as a member of its board of stewards. Fraternally he is a member of the Elkin Lodge No. 454, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons, and is a non- affiliating member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Thomas Skinner White. Among the native sons of Perquimans County who have won success and occupy enviable and prominent positions in business circles is Thomas Skinner White, the variety, scope and volume of whose connections make him a leading factor in the life of the community. His salient characteristics are deter- mination, diligence and keen sagacity, and upon these he has builded his prosperity, winning a high and well merited measure of success. Mr. White was born in the little community of Chap- moke, near Hertford, Perquimans County, North Carolina, December 7, 1879, and is a son of Trim Skinner and Cornelia (White) White. His father was one of the substantial agriculturists of his community and an extensive dealer in horses and mules, and during a long and active career was one of the highly esteemed citizens of the locality of Hertford. He had lived in Elizabeth City four years before his death. Thomas Skinner White was granted the oppor- tunity of securing a good education in his youth, and as he was ambitious and industrious he did not fail to take advantage of this chance for a thorough preparation. After he had been taught in the private school of Professor Sheap, he went to Bethel Hill Academy, and when his course was completed there he was ready to enter upon his business career. His first position was secured when he was seventeen years old, when he became collection clerk in the First National Bank of Elizabeth City, an institution with which he was identified for four years. He had then reached his majority, and was anxious to enter upon an inde- pendent career of his own; wherefore, he came to Hertford and embarked in the horse and mule business, a knowledge of which he had gained in his youth through association with his father. After two years of fair success alone he became HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 87 associated in partnership with T. F. Winslow, as Winslow & White, and they have since carried on a constantly increasing business in handling horses, mules, wagons, etc. In 1906 a new opportunity presented itself, when the Hertford Cotton Oil Company got into financial difficulties. Mr. White became one of the organizers of the Eastern Cot- ton Oil Company, which took over the other con- cern, and which has since been one of the success- ful enterprises of the city. He acted in the ca- pacity of secretary-treasurer until 1913, when he was elected president of the company. He has also been connected with financial institutions in an official capacity, and at the present time is a member of the directing boards of the Hertford Banking Company and the Farmers Bank and Trust Company, both substantial and successful institutions. He likewise owns a one-fourth inter- est in the general merchandise business of White & Company, a well known concern; is a member of the firm of Johnson & White, general in- surance agents; and is vice president of the Car- taret Lumber Company, the headquarters of which are at Beaufort, North Carolina. As an agricul- turist he has shared in the development of this part of the country and is receiving excellent re- turns from the products of his 600 -acre farm, being also in partnership in the ownership of another property consisting of 500 acres. Mr. White has fully discharged the duties of citizenship, having served as a member of the town commissioners, and as a trustee of the graded schools, and at present is chairman of the Soldiers' Aid Belief Society. On November 3, 1903, Mr. White was married to Miss Mattie Walker Toms, of Hertford, a daughter of Zach and Susie B. (White) Toms, and to this union there have been born two chil- dren: Susie Frances and Thomas Skinner, Jr. Mr. White is popular as a fraternalist, belonging to the Masons and being a charter member of Eliza- beth City Lodge No. 856, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. With his family he belongs to the Baptist Church, where he is serving as a member of the board of church trustees. Edward P. Bailey. A central feature of Wil- mington's industrial prosperity for sixty years has been the Wilmington Iron Works, which was the first instiLUtion of the kind located in the city, and was established there by John C. Bailey in the year 1856. It has had an almost uninter- rupted career of prosperity and success, and is now under the executive management of Edward P. Bailey, a grandson of the original founder. Edward P. Bailey was born at Wilmington January 2, 1885, a son of E. P. and Annie (Empie) Bailey. His father was for many years president of the iron works. The education of Edward P. Bailey was directed with a view to assuming the responsibilities con- nected with the management of this important industry. In 1904 he graduated with the degree of Mechanical Engineer from the Agricultural and Mechanical College of North Carolina, and in the same year began his official service with the Wilmington Iron Works, of which he is now president. He is also president of the Wilming- ton Marine Railway Company. Mr. Bailey is affiliated with the Sigma Nu fraternity, is past master of St. John's Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, is a member of Concord Chapter, Boyal Arch Masons, belongs to the Cape Fear Club and the Cape Fear Country Club and the Carolina Yacht Club. At one time he served as captain of the Wilmington Light Infantry. November 14, 1912, he married Charlotte Pleasants, of Wilmington. They have one son, Edward P., Jr., born August 21, 1913. Robert Vance Brawley, M. D., a physician and surgeon of superior attainments, has been in practice at Salisbury for over fifteen yeais and is one of the accomplished men in the pro- fessional and social life of that city. He was born on a plantation in Shepherdsville Township of Iredell County, North Carolina, a son of James W. and Julia (Caldwell) Brawley. Preliminary to his career he had a thorough and liberal education, beginning with the public schools of Mooresville, the Agricultural and Me- chanical College at Raleigh, and later was a student both in the literary and medical depart- ments of the University of North Carolina. From there he entered the College of Medicine at Rich- mond, Virginia, and graduated M. D. in 1901. For a short time Doctor Brawley engaged in the general practice of medicine. He then went to New York, and after extended post-graduate courses returned to Salisbury and has since given his time to his work as a specialist in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. Doctor Brawley married, in 1907, Mary Boyden, a native of Salisbury and daughter of Col. A. H. and Mary (Shober) Boyden. More extended refer- ence to the distinguished members of the Boyden family is made on other pages. Dr. and Mrs. Brawley have two children: Robert Vance, Jr., and Boyden. Abram O. Bray. As superintendent and general manager of the North Wilkesboro Roller Mill, Abram O. Bray holds a position of responsibility and trust, and is actively associated with the de- velopment and advancement of the manufacturing and mercantile interests of Wilkes County. A native of North Carolina, he was born in Wilkes County, a son of Lacey Jasper and Tassie Lou Alice (Chaney) Bray, of whom a brief sketch ap- pears elsewhere in this work. Acquiring his rudimentary education in the pub- lic schools of Elkin, Abram O. Bray subsequently took an advanced course of study at the Raleigh Agricultural and Mechanical College. During his boyhood days he worked with his father, and under his instruction gained a practical knowledge of the miller 's trade and an experience in milling that has been of inestimable value to him since. Going to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1903, when the final preparations for the exposition held in that city that year were being made Mr. Bray served as checking clerk in the Mines Building during the collection and placing of the exhibits. When the exposition was over he became a commercial sales- man, traveling through various parts of the country, especially in the West, for two years. Re- turning then to Elkin, he was associated with his father in the milling business until 1908, when he assumed his present position in the business ac- tivities of North Wilkesboro. The North Wilkesboro Roller Mills, of which Mr. Bray has charge, has a capacity of seventy-five barrels of flour per day, and 200 bushels of meal. It is finely equipped, being amply supplied with the most modern approved machinery, and under the wise supervision of Mr. Bray is well patronized, it being run as a custom and merchant mill. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Alexander Perry Eckel was the first mayor of the city of Greensboro, and for many years was prominent in its affairs as a merchant and citizen. He was born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, in 1826. His father, Peter Eckel, brought his family from Germany and settled in Jefferson County, Tennessee, where he followed farming. Alexander P. Eckel was one of eleven children. His life to the age of twelve was spent on his father 's farm in Tennessee. In the meantime his uncle, Charles Eckel, had become a prosperous jeweler at Georgetown, D. C. During a visit to the family in Tennessee this uncle took a fancy to* Alexander and induced the latter 's father to allow the boy to return with him to Georgetown and grow up as his adopted child, since he himself had no children. Thus Alexander P. Eckel was taken away from his rural surroundings in Tennessee, grew up near the national capitalj and was given a good education and learned the jeweler 'a trade in his uncle's store. After reaching manhood he came to Greensboro when it was a village, and for many years was engaged in the jewelry business. He finally bought a farm about four miles out of town and operated it with the aid of slave labor until the war. He never moved to this farm, but remained a resident of the city until his death in 1906. He was prominent in local affairs and, as already noted, was elected the first mayor of the city. He married Mary E. Hill, who was born in Hillsdale in Guilford County, daughter of Wilson and Matilda (Boyd) Hill, both natives of Rock- ingham County. Mrs. Eckel, who died in 1890, was the mother of two children, Charles Eugene, a resident of Guilford County, and Matilda H. Matilda is living at Greensboro, widow of Dr. Henry A. Alford. William Bennett Thorpe. While the active energies of William Bennett Thorpe have been employed in building up a large and successful business as dealer in coal and builders supplies at Wilmington, his interests have not been altogether concentrated on his business, and he is one of the men of Wilmington ever ready to enlist himself in behalf of the success of some institution or public spirited movement for the betterment of the community. He was born at Rocky Mount in Nash County, North Carolina, November 17, 1873, but for many years has been a resident of Wilmington. His parents were Henry Roane and Lucy S. (Bunn) Thorpe, his father being a successful physician. He started life with only the advan- tages of the public schools, and on leaving school lie had his first experience as clerk in a general store. In 1902 he organized the W. B. Thorpe Com- pany, coal and builders supplies, and at the present time this company offers a strong competition to all other concerns in the line for this branch of business at Wilmington. Mr. Thorpe is president and treasurer of the company and is also a direc- tor of the Wilmington Homestead and Loan Com- pany. He 1ms been one of the efficient workers in behalf of the Wilmington Y. M. C. A. and is now servins as its treasurer. He is a member of the Cape Fear Club, the Cape Pear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Club, and of St. James Episcopal Church. On Decern ber 8, 1897, he married Miss Margaret Engelhard Meares. They have one daughter, Margaret Meares Thorpe. William Edgar Warren. One of the leading citizens of Wilson, North Carolina, is found in William Edgar Warren, who is one of the ex- tensive farmers of Edgecombe County and is well known in mercantile and banking circles. Mr. Warren is cashier of the Pirst National Bank of Wilson and is a member of its directing board. William E. Warren was born in Nash County, North Carolina, October 21, 1857. His parents were Spencer May and Julia (Raekleyj Warren. The family came to Wilson in January, 1858, and Spencer May Warren became a man of business and political prominence here. For many years lie was a prosperous merchant and was mayor of the city and also filled the office of register of deeds in Wilson County. In the public schools and the Wilson Collegiate Institute William E. Warren secured his general educational training and afterward took a course in a business college in Baltimore, Maryland. After he returned he engaged for some years with his father in the mercantile business in Wil- son County and also became interested in agri- culture, this interest continuing and as the owner of valuable farming land is one of the county's most substantial residents. Since April 1, 1894, Mr. Warren has been cashier of the First Na- tional Bank of Wilson and since 1896 has been one of its board of directors. This bank is a sound, solid institution, working with a capital of $100,000, surplus $60,000, profits $45,000, and deposits $1,000,000. In 1902 he assisted to or- ganize the Wilson Trust & Savings Bank, and is a director. His standing has always been high in business circles and Wilson justly refers to him as one of her most upright and dependable citizens. Mr. Warren was married December 21, 1881, to Miss Nannie Sugg, who died August 19, 1896. She was the mother of the following children: Nannie, who is the wife of J. B. Gray, secretary and treasurer of the Wilson Hardware Company ; Malie, the wife of A. N. Daniel, who for seven years has been manager of the W. T. Clark Com- pany at Wilson; Ethel Alice, who resides at home; Irene, the wife of Dr. G. W. Mitchell, whose home is at Macclesfield, North Carolina, but he is now in the medical service of the United States Army and stationed at Ohiotown, Tennes- see; Edward, who is teller in the First National Bank of Wilson; and George Spencer, who is now first lieutenant in the army and on his way to oversea service. Mr. Warren was married to his present wife November 24, 1897. She was Miss Irene Sugg. The parents of Mrs. Warren were Dr. G. C. and Nannie (Bynum) Sugg. For a period of ten years Mr. Warren was identified with the military organization known as the Wilson Light Infantry. He enlisted as a private in Company F in 1889 and steadily climbed through the ranks, through election, un- til he became adjutant of the Second Regiment, with rank of captain, serving as such for two years, then became major in the Second and when he resigned in 1899 he held the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He has been honored by his fellow citizens by election to responsible offices and served twelve years as treasurer of the Town of Wilson and fifteen years as treasurer of the school board. He attends the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and belongs to the Country Club. $&&&%- — HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 89 James Meigs Flippen, M. D. With the profes- sioual standing and prestige brought by over thirty years of active experience and thorough capabilities, Doctor Flippen is now one of the well known specialists in Western North Carolina and is prac- ticing to a large clientage in Mount Airy. Doctor Flippen is of a family of physicians, and is a son of the venerable Dr. Samuel Meadows Flippen, who is now nearly eighty years of age and is still look- ing after his work as a physician in Mount Airy. A more complete sketch of this honored old time doctor will be found on other pages of this publi- cation. James Meigs Flippen was born at Westfield in Stokes County, North Carolina, attended the Friends School in that village and also a preparatory school at Dalton taught by the noted educator Professor Flynt. He began the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph Holliugsworth of Mount Airy and subse- quently attended lectures at the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons at Baltimore, where he was graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1884. Doctor Flippen has practiced in various local- ities, including a year and a half at Westfield, five or six years at Pilot Mountain, five years at Thomasville, twelve years at Salisbury, and for a few months he lived at Oklahoma City. Returning to North Carolina, he began practice at Winston- Salem, but on account of the ill health of his daugh- ter he removed to Mount Airy. Doctor Flippen has not only had unusual oppor- tunities in the scope of his own experience but has constantly kept abreast of the advances made in medicine and surgery. In 1886 he took a post- graduate course in Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia. Spent portions of the years 1894-95 in the New York City Post-Graduate School, and in 1907-08 took special work in genito-urinary surgery at Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore. This latter branch he has made a specialty for a num- ber of years. Doctor Flippen was married December 28, 1889, to Cora Marion, who was born in Surry County, daughter of Daniel and Matilda Marion. They have one daughter and two sous: Ruth, Eugene L. and James Meigs, Jr. Ruth is the wife of Murray Carleton, and they have a son named Meigs Flip- pen Carlton. Eugene L. is now a student in Balti- more College. Doctor Flippen is a member of the Surry County and the North Carolina State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. He is an active member of the Friends Church and is affiliated with Granite City Lodge No. 322, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ; Mount Airy Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Piedmont Commandery No. 6 of the Knights Templar and also belongs to Winston Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Albert Edgar Woltz. While the law has been his jealous mistress and he has been devoted to its practice for the past five years, Albert Edgar Woltz, of Gastonia, has made himself a factor in too many different lines to be subject to only one classification of vocation. It is a case where inheritance of sound abilities from his worthy ancestors, liberal advantages of education and training, and excentiona] talpnts in a business way have accomplished large result- and benefit when Mr. "Woltz is still numbered among the younger generation. Mr. Woltz was born at Dobson, Surry County, North Carolina. He is a son of Dr. John R. and Louisa (Kingsbury) Woltz. The Woltz family is of Holland Dutch ancestry. The first of the name came out of Holland and settled with the compatriots in New York. Later a branch moved south into Virginia. Mr. Woltz 's paternal grand- father, Dr. L. F. Woltz, was a native of Virginia, enlisted from that state and served as a surgeon in the Confederate army and was also a representa- tive in the State Legislature several times. He stood high in his profession and he allied himself by marriage with Miss Jane Early, a cousin of Gen. Jubal Early, one of the most distinguished cavalry leaders produced by the South during the war. Dr. John R. Woltz, father of the Gastonia lawyer, has had a successful career as a physician. After the war he removed to Surry County, North Carolina, and married Miss Louisa Kingsbury, who has died within recent years. Albert E. Woltz grew up at Dobson in Surry County. He was graduated from the University of North Carolina with the class of 1901. He is one of the university 's leading alumni, and has always taken an active interest in the affairs of his alma mater. In the interval between his gradu- ation from university and his taking up the prac- tice of law Mr. Woltz was chiefly engaged in educa- tional work. He established the graded school system at Granite Falls and Lenoir in Caldwell County, and spent seven years there as superintend- ent. He took a similar position in the schools of Goldsboro, and served two years, and in 1909 was appointed Bursar of the University of North Caro- lina, a position he held until 1912. This business connection enabled him to continue his studies in the University, and he was in the law department and was admitted to the bar in 1911. In August, 1912, Mr. Woltz began practice at Gastonia. Though he has been in the profession a comparatively short time only, he has already won an enviable place and is recognized by his colleagues as both an able and successful lawyer. He is law partner of Hon. A. C. Mangum, the firm being Mangum & Woltz. It has been Mr. Woltz 's ambition to excel in the law, and conse- quently he has placed his professional interests first and above all, though many other affairs have claimed more or less constant attention. His resourcefulness as a business man is indi- cated by his prominent connection with enterprises in Gastonia and Gaston County. He was the organ- izer and is one of the officials of the Lloyd Cotton Mills, Incorporated. This company owns and op- erates a cotton mill of 3.200 spindles near Stanley. With other associates Mr. Woltz developed and sold a large amount of city and suburban property in Gastonia and he promoted the Arlington Heights property, a. suburb; the Gray Mill property on West Franklin Avenue; the property at Loray Mill ; and other subdivisions. Much prominence has been given in the news- papers of late to the "Morris Plan" banks, which originated in New York City and which have been established in many industrial and metropolitan centers. It is strictly a business institution^ though its object is to afford financial assistance on n business basis to the poorer classes and those with ready collateral for loans. Gastonia has such n bank, organized in the latter part of 1916, and Mr. Woltz was one of the local citizens who brought about its establishment and is a director of the bank. One of the most important of his outside enter- prises, and one in which he justly takes a great deal of pride, is his stock farm with its herd of 90 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA registered Holsteins. This farm, situated about two miles northeast of Gastonia, consists of 157 acres of land. It is considered one of the model stock farms and dairies of the state. Mr. Woltz has installed a fine herd of thoroughbred Holstein cows, and operates a modern dairy, the product being sold in Gastonia and vicinity. His herd of Holsteins is headed by the registered bull Korn- byke Hygeia Beryl, purchased from the famous Haynes stock farm at Winston-Salem. While the farm furnishes recreation, Mr. Woltz regards it strictly as a business enterprise and it has also been a factor of incalculable value and an incentive to Gaston County farmers, who thereby have been stimulated to grade their stock and devote more attention to high grade cattle. Mr. Woltz is an active member and a director of the Chamber of Commerce, and during the past four or five years has allied, himself with prac- tically every undertaking for the benefit and bet- terment of the city. He is a member of the Methodist Church and belongs to most of the local lodges and fraternities, including the Masons, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. Mr. Woltz mar- ried Miss Daisy Mackie of Granite Falls, Caldwell County. They have four children: Elizabeth, aged twelve; Katharine, aged five; John Henry, aged three ; and William Kingsbury. The youngest was named for his great-great-grandfather. John H. Niggel. Beginning only with his expert individual proficiency as a stone cutter, John H. Niggel has developed and built up the largest monument and stone business in North Carolina, being secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Carolina Cut Stone Company. He was born in the City of Chicago, Illinois, May 22, 1877, a son of John H. aiid Wilhelmina L. (Knapple) Niggel, his father having also followed the trade of stone cutter. After being educated in public and parochial schools John H. Niggel served a thorough apprenticeship at the stone cutter's trade and followed it as a journey- man for several years. It was in 1905 that he came to Wilmington and organized the Carolina Cut Stone Company. In addition he is also chairman of the Atlantic Coast Veneer Company, which is capitalized at $100,000 and has a splendid business in all kinds of cut stone work and finishing. He is a member of the finance committee of this organization. He is a member of St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral, of the Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Boyal Arcanum, the Germania Club, the Hanover Seaside Club, and is identified with the Wilmington Chamber of Commerce and is president of Post G of the Travelers Protective Association. On May 20, 1906, Mr. Niggel married Catherine Carroll, of Wilmington. George Hackney. During a long and active career George Hackney has upheld and developed much of the business and industrial prosperity of Wilson and has concerned himself with prac- tically everything that is vital to the good and welfare of that community. The Hackney family has supplied much of the enterprise as the result of which Wilson has become one of the manufacturing towns of North Carolina. The birth of George Hackney occurred in Wilson September 19, 1854. In January of that year his father, Willis Napoleon Hackney, had located his shop in the town as a wagon and buggy manufacturer. For a number of years Willis N. Hackney made these vehicles almost entirely by hand, and he turned out buggies which were noted for their strength and durabil- ity. That was the beginning of the Hackney wagon industry which now includes several im- portant plants in the state. Willis N. Hackney was born in Nash County, North Carolina, and his ancestors, of English origin, came to North Carolina about 1800. Willis N. Hackney mar- ried Martha Douglass Turner. Mr. George Hackney grew up at Wilson, at- tended the public schools and the Horner Mili- tary Institute and from early boyhood was fam- iliar with the wagon shop of his father. At the age of eighteen he began learning the trade, and his knowledge of the business includes every technical as well as business detail. For several years he was a member of the firm Parker, Mur- ray & Company, his part in the business being "the company." Subsequently he became head of the wagon manufacturing plant of Hackney & Murray and still later Hackney & Son, and since 1886 the business has been conducted. as Hackney Brothers. The proprietors are Mr. George Hackney and his brother Willis Douglass Hackney. Besides Hackney Brothers Mr. Hackney is a director of the Hackney Wagon Company, of the First National Bank of Wilson, the Wilson Trust and Savings Bank, is vice president of the Dixie Fire Insurance Company at Greensboro, is vice president of the Underwriters Fire Insurance Company of Boeky Mount, North Carolina, and is president of the Washington Buggy Company. In a public way he is serving as chairman of the Wilson School Board and is also chairman of the Board of Trustees of Atlantic College at Wilson, to which he has given liberally of his time and means since this institution was estab- lished. For twenty years he has served as aa elder in the Christian Church, and is a member of the Wilson Country Club. Mr. Hackney was married September 15, 1886, to Miss Bessie Acra, who came from Gloucester County, Virginia. Seven children have been born to their marriage : George, Jr., of Washington, North Carolina; Thomas J.; James Acra, who is secretary and treasurer of the Washington Buggy Company; John Needham, associated with his father in the wagon business; Bessie Acra, wife of William D. Adams, a wholesale grocer; Lula Roane, wife of Harvey B. Rufiin, a member of Ella, who is a graduate of the Atlantic Christian the Branch Bank Company of Wilson; and Mary College and is still at home. Thomas Jennings Hackney, son of Mr. George Hackney, was born at Wilson, April 25, 1889, was educated in the public schools, in the Bing- ham Military School, and in 1910 graduated from the University of North Carolina. Since then he has been superintendent of the Hackney Brothers plant at Wilson. He served as alder- man of the city from 1913 to 1915, and in 1915- 16 was chairman of the board of city com- missioners. He is also general superintendent and director of the Wilson Buggy Company, and di- rector of the Hassell Supply Company of Wash- ington, North Carolina. He is a Knight Templar Mason and member of lie Soudan Temple of the Mystic Shrine, belongs to the Commonwealth and Country clubs, and is treasurer of the Christian Church at Wilson. He married April 25, 1917, Evelyn E. Jones, of Washington, North Carolina, daughter of Walter H. and Helen Jones. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 91 William 0. Jackson, of Surry County, began his active career with limited means but with un- limited determination and energy, and in course of time has developed one of the notable farms of the county. * Mr. Jackson was born in a log cabin in Little Yadkin Township of Stokes County May 2, 1854. His grandfather was John Jackson. His birthplace is said to have been Anson County, North Car- olina. For several years he resided in Davidson County and then moved to the Shepard's Moun- tain Settlement in Randolph County. In 1S48 he went to Wythe County, Virginia, and spent his last years there. The maiden name of his wife was Barsheba Bean, a native of Davidson County. She died in Randolph County. Joel D. Jackson, father of William 0., was born while his parents lived in Davidson County, on December 10, 1824. His early training was as a farmer, and when he started life for himself he was just even with the world. For several years he worked at Hoover Gold Mine. He was a steady and industrious workman, and being thrifty of his earnings he was able in time to buy a tract of timbered land near the present site of Pinnacle in Stokes County. The timber at that time had little value. In fact it w : as an obstacle to cultivation, and huge logs, which would now be worth $100 or more apiece, were rolled together and burned. On a clearing in the woods he built the log cabin in which William O. Jackson first saw the light of day. The task of clearing and cultivating had hardly begun when the war broke out. The duty of patriotism was stronger than any other responsi- bility with him, and he left home to enlist in Com- pany D of the Fifty-third Regiment of North Car- olina troops. He went to the front with his com- mand and was with his regiment in all of its serv- ices, including many of the important campaigns and battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. He fought at Gettysburg and many other engagements, and in 1864 was captured. He was taken to Point Lookout, Maryland, and held a prisoner of war for ten months until paroled. He reached home just four days before the surrender of Lee at Appo- mattox. In the meantime the country had been devastated, but he courageously resumed farming and in time had achieved financial independence. His later years were spent in comfort and plenty and he died on the farm in November, 1916, in his ninety-second year. He married Mary Ann Stone, who was born near Dalton in Stokes County and died at the age of eighty-three. Her father was William Stone, a planter who also filled the office of justice of the peace many years. William Stone married a Miss Barner. Joel D. Jackson and wife had five children: Albert L., William 0., John B., Julia A. and Joseph A., all of whom married and reared families. William O. Jackson made the best of his limited opportunities when a boy to obtain an education. During the war this section of North Carolina was visited by the armies of both the North and the South. Farms were laid waste, crops were burned, stock driven off, and when the soldiers returned it was necessary to begin all over again in the task of rehabilitation and improvement. William O. Jackson was about eleven years of age when the war ended, and he had alreadv tested his strength in the work of the fields. He continued at home assisting his father until twenty-four, and then married and started out for himself. For two years he rented land from his father, and then con- tracted for a tract of land from Nicholas Daltou, going in debt for the entire place. This land joined his father's farm. Hard work and energy, together with the faithful co-operation of his wife, brought him success and he soon had his land paid for. In 1894 he removed from that farm, buying the place he now owns and occupies in Mount Airy Township of Surry County. This farm borders Lovill's Creek and is four miles from Mount Airy. The home is a substantial and commodious brick house, and there are numerous other farm build- ings, while the condition of the fields and the man- agement indicates and proves that it is one of the choicest farms of Surry County. Mr. Jackson is both a general farmer and stock raiser. Jerseys are his favorite dairy cows, and he keeps Short-Horns for beef. He married Sarah Ann Allen, a daughter of Elisha and Elizabeth (Spainhour) Allen. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have three children: Reuel D., Wal- ter Roscoe and Dixie Ella. Reuel married Ronda Ross and has a son Thomas J. Dixie Ella is the wife of George M. Sparger, and their children are Jack J., Mary Matilda, Edward and Glenn. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson are active members of the Salem Methodist Episcopal Church, South. James Owen Reillt. The wide-awake operator in realty in almost any section is able to accom- plish results when business conditions are normal, and that many have availed themselves of advan- tageous circumstances, the prosperity of numerous communities and of the individuals themselves con- clusively proves. One of those who has been instru- mental in bringing about present substantial con- ditions in Southeastern North Carolina is James Owen Reilly, who stands in a prominent position as an alert, capable and honorable operator. Dur- ing his business career along this line he has handled much valuable property, either as an in- dividual or for others, and his name has been identified with the growth of the City of Wil- mington since 1903. Mr. Reillv was born at Wilmington, North Caro- lina, July 12, 1879, and is a son of John William and Catherine (Scott) Reilly. He comes of an old and honored southern family, and is a grandson of Maj. James Reilly, C. S. A., who fought gallantly under the colors of the Southland during the war between the states, and was in command of Fort Fisher, when it was captured. John William Reilly, father of James Owen Reilly, was bora April 27, 1851, at Fort Moultrie, South Carolina, moved as a young man to Wilmington, where he had an honorable business career and was super- intendent of the Wilmington Gas and Electric Light Company, and died May 3. 1904. James Owen Reilly received his early education in St. Mary's Parochial School of Wilmington, following which he pursued a course at Cape Fear Academy, and in 1S92 entered upon his career as a clerk in the real estate office of his uncle, Maj. Daniel O 'Connor, of Wilmington, who had established the business as early as 1869. In 1902 Mr. Reilly became interested in the insurance business, and in the following year, with another, purchased the business from his uncle, a partnership existing until 1905, when Mr. Reilly bought his partner's interests. Since then the business has been con- ducted under the style of James Owen Reilly, real estate and insurance. Mr. Reilly has been the medium through which have been conducted some of the largest real estate transactions that have been consummated here in recent years, and in the field of insurance he has represented all the leading companies. His long and successful career as a real estate man has given him a prominent 92 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA place among the shrewd judges of such values in Wilmington. His holdings include large and valu- able properties both in his own fee and in trust for others. At this time he is secretary and treas- urer of the Rural Building and Loan Association, and a director in the Peoples Bank and the North Carolina Building and Loan Association. He has always taken a deep interest in the city 's welfare, never hesitating to advocate or oppose any meas- ure or project which in his judgment has merited endorsement or opposition. As a fraternalist he belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Be- nevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is sec- retary of the local lodge of the latter order. His social connections include membership in the Cape Fear Country Club. On May 13, 1898, Mr. Reilly enlisted in Company K, Second Regiment, Nortn Carolina Infantry, for service in the Spanish- American war, rose to the rank of corporal, and was mustered out of the service November 20, 1898. For five years he was a member of the Re- serve Corps of the Wilmington Light Infantry. Mr. Eeilly is possessed of musical talent and has been organist of Saint Mary 's Cathedral since the building of the edifice. On June 21, 1906, Mr. Reilly married Miss Min- nie Irene Smithers, of Alexandria, Virginia, and to this union there has been born one daughter: Helen Scott. Alexander MacDonald Hall, after leaving the University of North Carolina, set himself to the task of winning success in the commercial field, and has been continuously identified with the grocery business at Wilmington. For twelve years he was in the service of the Hall & Pearsall whole- sale grocery firm, beginning as a elerk, and in 1903 he organized the Wilmington Grocery Com- pany, one of the largest retail houses of the city, and has since been its president. He is also presi- dent of the Community Savings & Loan Company, and is president of the Merchants Association and the Bureau of Credits. Mr. Hall was born at Wilmington December 9, 1873, a son of Benjamin Franklin and Margaret (Sprunt) Hall. He was given a liberal education, attending the local public schools, the Horner Military Academy, Davidson College and finishing in the University of North Carolina. He is now serving as Clerk of Session in the First Presby- terian Church of Wilmington. Mr. Hall is married and has a happy family. November 11, 1896, he married Miss Margaret Hargrave, of Kenansville, Duplin County, North Carolina. Their five children are named Mary HargTa.ve, Margaret Sprunt, Jessie Kenan, Jean MacDonald and Alexander Sprunt. Romnie Pueefrt Watson. One of the great- est contributing factors to the prestige and re- nown of North Carolina is that which comes from the tobacco industry. The importance of this in- dustry cannot be gainsaid, for the Old North State is second only to one other in the production of this staple, and last year its crops approximated 200.000,000 pounds. Of recent years the han- dling of tobacco, which before had centered in certain localities, has spread out to numerous new communities, and one of these where the business has taken on added strength during the past sev- eral decades is Wilson County, where men of ex- perience, known business ability and sound finan- cial standing are devoting their energies to the promotion of standard methods in distributing this, one of the state's greatest products. In- cluded among these men is found Romnie Purefry Watson, president of the R. P. Watson Company. Mr. Watson's entire career has been identified with the handling of tobacco, and at the present time he is president of the Wilson Tobacco Board of Trade and vice president of the Tobacco As- sociation of the United States. Romnie P. Watson was born on a farm in War- ren County, North Carolina, December 31, 1867, a son of William and L>.u Virginia (Wright) Wat- son. He was reared on the homestead place, amid agricultural surroundings, and received his edu- cation in private schools and at Wake Forest Col- lege, where he attended with the class of 1885. Following this he applied himself to farming for one year, but in 1886 began to secure experience in the field in which he was later to achieve so notable a success as a helper on sales for a leaf tobacco concern at Henderson, North Carolina. There he gained a comprehensive knowledge of the business, and in 1895 came to Wilson, where he became a commission merchant, buying and sell- ing leaf tobacco until 1907, when the R. P. Wat- son Company was founded and incorporated. This concern, of which he has since been president, has a large and modern factory. In the develop- ment of this business Mr. Watson has displayed a thorough familiarity with the industry, an ex- cellent knowledge of values and a desire to ele- vate business standards. His acumen, sound- ness and personal integrity have been recognized by his associates in the trade, and in the position of president of the Wilson Tobacco Board of Trade he exerts a helpful and progressive influ- ence which is doing much to better conditions. In the national organization, the Tobacco Association of the United States, of which he is vice presi- dent, his voice is frequently heard in the coun- cils, always favoring high business ethics. Mr. Watson is also vice president of the Wilson Cham- ber of Commerce. When the Wilson Country Club was organized in 1916, he was chosen its presi- dent for a term of one year, and he belongs also to the Commonwealth Club. As a sincere friend of education he is serving as a member of the board of trustees of the w ilson graded schools. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masons and is a Knight Templar and a Shriner. Aside from his interests in the tobac r ~> business Mr. Watson has few activities, an exception being his large agricultural holdings, he being a successful gen- eral farmer. On October 30, 1895, Mr. Watson was married to Miss Mary Lou Thomas, of Henderson, North Carolina, and they are the parents of six children: Penn Thomas, Margaret, Selma, Romnie P., Jr., Mary and William. Mr. and Mrs. Watson are members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and Mr. Watson is serving therein as a member of the board of stewards. William Wade Hampton. For many years ac- tive and prominent in public affairs, William Wade Hampton, a valued and respected citizen of Dob- son, has served his fellow-men in various capacities, in each and every official position that he has held performing the duties devolving upon him intelli- gently and courageously, proving himself in all things and at all times faithful to his constituents. A native of Yadkin County, which was likewise the birthplace of his father, Alfred Hampton, and of his grandfather. Dr. John Hampton, he was born February 2, 1859, in Bnckshoal Township, of pio- neer ancestry. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 93 Henry Hampton, Mr. Hampton's great-grand- father, wa--, it is supposed, a native of Virginia, his birth having occurred in Halifax County. Migrating in early manhood to North Carolina, he lived first in Stokes County, near Germantown, from there moving to Yadkin County, where, on land which he purchased, he was engaged in farm- ing until his death. Born and educated in Yadkin County, Dr. John Hamilton began the study of medicine when quite young, and when ready to assume the duties of a practicing physician located at Hamptonville, Yad- kin County. Skillful and successful in his profes- sional labors, he built up a large practice, which extended across the line into Wilkes County, caus- ing him many a long, weary ride, which he was forced to take on horseback, carrying his medi- cine with him in his saddle bags. Notwithstanding the many hardships he endured while caring for the sick he lived to a venerable age, dying at the age of four score and four years in Hamptonville. The Doctor married Nellie Holcomb, who spent her life of eighty-one years in Yadkin County, and to them three sons were born, as follows: Alfred. Leroy and Wade. Alfred Hampton was born in Hamptonville, North Carolina, in 1832, and there grew to man's estate. Choosing the free and independent occu- pation of a farmer, he bought land near Hampton- ville, and was there profitably engaged in agricul- tural pursuits until his death, at the age of sixty- three years. During the Civil war he served as a member of the Home Guards. The maiden name of his wife was .Tanie Patterson. She was born near Hamptonville, a daughter of Thomas and Rebecca (Ladd) Patterson, and is now residing at Mount Airy. Surry County. She has five children, namely: Thomas J., William Wade, Mary E., Sallie A. and Jane P. Obtaining his preliminary education in the rural schools of his native district, William Wade Hamp- ton subsequently attended the Yadkinville and Boonviile academies, completing his studies in the County Line Academy, in which Senator Overman was an instructor. Thus prepared for a profes- sional career. Mr. Hampton taught school two terms, and then, being persuaded to enter official life, he accepted the appointment of Fniter States gauger. and served in that position two years, after which he served an equal length of time as deputy internal revenue collector. A short time later Mr. Hampton was elected to represent Surry County in the State Senate, and in 1889 was elected to the Lower House of the State Legislature, and was there the candidate of the minority party for speaker of the House. Locating on a farm near Havstack in 1886, Mr. Hampton operated it successfully until 1892. when he removed with his familv to Mount Airy, from there coming in 1894 to Dobson, where he has since resided. In 1894 he was elected clerk of the Supe- rior Court, and after serving efficiently in that capacity for four years was re-elected in 1906 and continued in office for eight more years. He is still greatlv interested in agriculture, being a land- holder and operating his farm through renters. On January in. 18S6, Mr. Hampton married Miss Emma Shore, who was born in Yadkin County, a daughter of Wiley F. and Sarah CWilliams") Shore. Two children have blessed their union. Wade Bruce and Henry Conrad. Mrs. Hampton is a member of the Missionarv Baptist Church and is a teacher in its Sundav school. James Dixon Eckles is one of the able lawyers of Buncombe County, and also one of the most useful men in the citizenship of the community of Black Mountain. He has fairly earned every step in his advancement, and richly merits the distinc- tions that have been accorded him while he is still in the middle years of a successful career. Mr. Eckles was born at Petersburg, Yirsinia, August 19, 1874, son of Robert Stith' and Eliza- beth Bennett (Tucker) Eckles. His father for a number of years was a merchant and afterwards was connected with the Norfolk & Western Rail- way Company. The son was educated in the pub- lie schools of Petersburg, Emory and Henry Col- lege in Washington County, Virginia, and Wash- ington and Lee University, receiving his degree of Bachelor of Law at the latter school in June, 1902. Mr. Eckles was for five years a member of the bar of Norfolk, Virginia. In 1909 hp came to Buncombe County, locating at Black Mountain, where in addition to his growing general practice he is secretary and treasurer of the Black Moun- tain Building and Loan Association, director and attorney of the Methodist Colony Company, and is attorney for various lumber companies and other corporations. He has also served as city attorney and in 1917 was elected mayor of this thriving town. In the Buncombe County democratic pri- mary held June 1, 1918, he was elected as the can- didate of that party for the office of representative No. 1 for Buncombe County in the General As- sembly of North Carolina. April 8, 1912, he married Miss Elizabeth Cat- terall Many. Her people came from New York State. They have two children, Mary Elizabeth and Jane Ann. Clement Coote Brown has been a resident of Wilmington for over forty years. He came to the city at the age of twenty-one, and in those early years was a telegraph operator, the duties of which position caused him to move from place to place. He was promoted from time to time and eventually became manager of the Western Union Company at Wilmington. On leaving the Western Lnion service Mr. Brown bought the Wilmington Brokerage Com- pany, and for a number of years has been an important figure in financial and business affairs. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Wilming- ton Homestead & Loan Association, and is vice president of the Masonic Temple Corporation. He is secretary of Orient Lodge No. 395, A. E. & A. M., is past commander of the Knight Templar Commanderv, and is a member of the Carolina Yacht Club." Mr. Brown was born in the District of Colum- bia February 13, 1853, a son of Eleazer and Mar- garet (Coote) Brown. His father was for many years an employe of the United States government at Washington. Mr. Brown gained his early education largely in the District of Columbia, and while there learned the art of telegraphy. On April 13, 1877, at Wilmington, he married Miss Ellen Stevenson. They are the parents of four children. Thomas Edwin and James Steven- son are both connected with the Wilmington Brokerage Company, being associates of their father. Ida is Mrs. Thomas L. Speiden, of Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. The youngest, is Clement Coote, Jr.. who is first lieutenant of the Three Hundred and Seventh Regimental Engineers and now in France. For manv vears Mr. Brown has 94 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA been a deacon in the First Baptist Church of Wilmington. Eichakd Beauregard Hyatt is now in his third consecutive term as sheriff of Edgecombe County, and has for many years been closely identified with the business and civic affairs of Tarboro and that community. He was born at Tarboro, August 21, 1864, a son of Jesse Blair and Margaret (Home) Hyatt. His father was a substantial merchant of Tar- boro, and for a number of years served as chief of police of the city. Richard B. Hyatt was educated in Prof. F. S. Wilkinson's school and his first practical ex- perience was as clerk in a general store. In 1893 he was appointed deputy sheriff of Edgecombe County, and filled that office six years, an experi- ence that gave him a training of much value as an officer of law and order. For a year he was chief of police at Tarboro, resigning that office, and for some years served as constable. In Feb- ruary, 1912, he was appointed to serve an unex- pired term as sheriff of Edgecombe County, and in 1913 was regularly elected to that office and has been re-elected in 1915 and 1917. The ad- ministration of the affairs which come under the jurisdiction of the sheriff's office in Edgecombe County have never been more efficient than un- der Mr. Hyatt. He is also a director of the Edgecombe Home- stead & Loan Association and of the Edgecombe County Fair Association. Fraternally he is affil- iated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. Mr. Hyatt married January 19, 1897, Miss Minnie White, of Halifax County, North Caro- lina, daughter of William King White, a farmer of that county. Bishop Edward Rondthaler, D. D., has for forty years been a prominent figure in the Mora- vian Church in Western North Carolina, was for- merly pastor of the Home Moravian Church at Salem, and now for many years has been bishop. He comes of a long line of Movarian divines and his father and grandfather were prominent in the church both in this country and in Europe. Bishop Rondthaler was born at Sehoeneck, Penn- sylvania, July 24, 1842. His grandfather, Eman- uel Rondthaler, was born in Russia, and was pastor of the Moravian Church at Serepta in that country. About 1804 he immigrated to America, locating at York, Pennsylvania, where he continued as pastor of the Moravian Church for many years. Edward Rondthaler, father of Bishop Edward Rondthaler, was born at York, Pennsylvania, September 6, 1817. He was liberally educated at Nazareth Hall, North- ampton, Pennsylvania, and his first pastorate was at Shoeneck, Pennsylvania, where he was ordained in 1841. Subsequently he became president of the Theological Seminary at Nazareth Hall and was active in that office until his death in 1855. He married Sarah Louisa Rice, daughter of Joseph and Salome (Heckewelder) Rice. Her grand- father was the famous John Heckewelder, a bishop of the Moravian Church and for many years a mis- sionary among the Delaware and other Indian tribes in the Northwest Territory. Bishop Hecke- welder lived with those Indians in Ohio, and all his- torical students are familiar with his writings. He wrote a detailed account of his life and experiences among the Indians, describing their habits and characteristics, and this work is the basis for much of the knowledge of these Indian tribes which has been used for historians in all subsequent work, and the Heckewelder narrative was also read and studied by Longfellow and other poets and supplied the material for much of the poetry dealing with Indian life. Bishop John Heckewelder spent his last years at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Bishop Rondthaler 's mother died in 1854. Bishop Edward Rondthaler grew up in Pennsyl- vania, attended the Nazareth Hall and also the Moravian Theological Seminary at Bethlehem for four years. He also went abroad and spent a year in the University of Erlangen in Germany. In 1864, at the age of twenty-two, he began teaching at Nazareth Hall and in the following year was ordained deacon and became pastor of a Moravian Church in Brooklyn, New York. He remained at Brooklyn engaged in his duties until 1873, when he accepted a call to the First Moravian Church of Philadelphia. After these pastorates in two of the largest cities of the country, Bishop Rondthaler came to the Home Moravian Church at Salem, North Carolina, in 1877. He has been active in the larger responsibilities of his church in this section of North Carolina ever since. He continued as a pastor until 1891, and on the 12th of April of that year was consecrated bishop of the Unitas Fratrum. Besides his responsibilities as bishop he is senior pastor of the seven Moravian churches of Winston- Salem and since 1880 has been a member of the Provincial Elders Conference. He was principal of the Salem Female Academy from 1884 to 1888 and for many years has been president of its Board of Trustees. Bishop Rondthaler is a man of wide culture and has traveled extensively. He attended the General Synods of the Moravian Church at Herrnhut in Saxony, where the church originated, being present at the Synods in 1879, 1889, 1899, 1902, 1906, 1909 and 1914. He was at the Synod in August, 1914, when the great world war broke out. Bishop Rondthaler married Mary Jacobson, daughter of Bishop John Jacobson, who for many years was a missionary among the Delaware In- dians and subsequently bishop of the Northern Division of the Moravian Church. Bishop and Mrs. Rondthaler have reared two children, Howard and Alice. The latter is the wife of Bev. Arthur Chase of Ware, Massachusetts, and the former is presi- dent of Salem College. Rory McNair. Lying two miles east of Max- ton in Robeson County is located Argyle Farm, one of the best known places of historic interest in the southern part of North Carolina. Rory McNair, the present occupant and owner of the farm, and one of the progressive and energetic agriculturists of the county, is the representative of the fifth generation of the family to reside upon this property. He was born here in 1869, and is a son of R. M. and Rebecca J. (MacCallum) Mc- Nair. It was about the year 1760 that Neil McNair, the great-great-grandfather of Bory McNair, came from Scotland and located on this farm, and here his descendants have resided ever since. His son was Roderick McNair, and the latter 's son was Duncan McNair. An interesting relic of the early years is the residence, still preserved, al- though removed to the rear of the premises, which was built by Neil McNair for a home. Although at least 150 years old, its sturdy construction is indicated by its still good state of preservation, it being, in fact, practically as staunch as when ft HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 95 first erected. It was built originally of hewn logs, and in later years these were covered by weather boarding. The farm at present consists of about 500 acres, is of the rich sandy soil that is characteristic of this section of the state, and its fertility and last- ing quality can be judged from the fact that it has been continuously in profitable cultivation for such a long period of years. Argyle Farm is two miles east of Maxton, lying on both sides of the Lumberton-Roekingham road, which is a part of the Wilmington-Charlotte Highway, a much-trav- eled thoroughfare. The general crop, of course, is cotton, but for the past few years Mr. McNair, who is one of the progressive men of his locality, has been quite extensively engaged in the com- mercial production of canteloupes and watermelons, and usually ships from his farm from fifteen to twenty-five carloads of melons each year, making quite a local industry. In 1912 Mr. McNair built his present spacious and beautiful residence on his farm, and this is one of the show places of Maxton and the vicin- ity, being equipped with a water system and all modern conveniences and affording a splendid and comfortable home for the McNair family and a pleasant and desired place of visit for their many guests. Mr. McNair married Miss Mary Purcell, and they have five children: Thomas P., Rebecca J., Roderick, James MacCallum and Elizabeth Neil. Mr. and Mrs. McNair and their children are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church. Aethuk Bascom Croom, M. D. The present secretary of the New Hanover County Medical So- ciety at Wilmington is one of the latest additions to the medical fraternity of that city, and it was in the nature of a distinctive tribute paid him by his fellow practitioners that he was given the honor and dignity of an office in their medical organiza- tion. Doctor Croom is a physician and surgeon of thorough experience and tried abilities, is a son of an old time and skillful country doctor of Robeson County, and in that locality he himself practiced until he came to Wilmington. Doctor Croom was born at Maxton, North Caro- lina, in 1880, a son of Dr. James Dallas and Ann Mortimer (Blake) Croom, both now deceased. His father, who died at Maxton in 1914, was born at Currie in Pender County, North Carolina, in 1844. His ancestors were among the earliest of those splendid Scotch people who settled the Cape Fear section of North Carolina and put the stamp of their character on all its subsequent history. Bunyan Croom was the father of Dr. James D. Croom. Bunyan Croom married Mary Jane Mc- Duffie. James Dallas Croom was one of the youngest soldiers in the war between the states, having volunteered in the Confederate army before he was seventeen. He made a creditable record as a soldier, as is attested to by all his old comrades who were with him on the march and in battle, never shirking a duty, always eager for the fray, and possessing a youthful spirit and enthusiasm and undaunted courage that made him beloved of all his fellows. He was wounded at the Battle of Bentonville. Some time after the war he moved to the little village then known as Shoe Heel, now the flourishing and wealthy Town of Maxton in Robeson County. He taught school, was in the drug business and studied medicine. His medical studies were finished in the medical department of the University of South Carolina at Charleston, where he graduated with the class of 1876. From that time until his death, nearly forty years later, he was continuously in practice at Maxton. His Scotch character, his patience, his skill, his devo- tion to duty, made him greatly beloved all over that part of the country. For a long number of years he was a deacon in the Maxton Presbyterian Church, and not long before his death was elected one of its ruling elders. His wife, Ann Mortimer, was a daughter of Isham and Mary (Hall) Blake, of Fayetteville, Cumberland County. With such parents the early influences surround- ing the life of Arthur Bascom Croom were well calculated to develop in him his best talents and all those ideals and ambitions that make men use- ful in the world. He was reared and attended the schools of Maxton, studied medicine in the Uni- versity of Maryland and Baltimore, and was grad- uated M. D. with the class of 1905. During his last year at Baltimore he also pursued post-grad- uate work in Johns Hopkins University. He began practice at his home town of Maxton and for a little more than five years he and his father con- ducted a well equipped hospital in that town. Doctor Croom 's unflagging energy and capacity for hard work, as well as his special talents as a physician, really required a wider field for his efforts. Hence in July, 1917, he located per- manently in Wilmington, the seaport city and com- mercial metropolis of North Carolina. He was gladly welcomed here by the medical profession, anil his acquaintance and his ability brought him almost immediately a busy practice. Besides being a physician and surgeon of the first rank, Doctor Croom has a rare gift of making friends with every one, of whatever station in life, and he lit- erally radiates cheer and comfort which in these modern days of strain and complexity are as im- portant an agency for health as medicine. While at Maxton Doctor Croom was for several years local surgeon for the Atlantic Coast Line and Sea- board Air Line Railway. At Wilmington he has been appointed consulting surgeon for the Sea- board Air Line Railway. During the administration of Governor Charles B. Aycock he was appointed first lieutenant of Company M, Second North Carolina Regiment, and Governor Glenn promoted him to the rank of cap- tain. At Raleigh December 30, 1902, Doctor Croom married Miss Maude Dinwiddie, daughter of James and Bettie (Carrington) Dinwiddie, both members of "Virginia families and both now deceased. James Dinwiddie was one of the South 's distinguished educators. For several years he held one of the professorships in the University of Tennessee at Nashville, where Mrs. Croom was born. Later removing to Raleigh, he became president and owner of Peace Institute, in which latter institu- tion Mrs. Croom was educated. Mrs. Croom brings fine intelligence and capacity to the exacting duties of the wife of the busy practitioner, and is a woman of note at Wilmington, both at home and in society. Doctor and Mrs. Croom have three children, Elizabeth, Maude and Bascom. William: Gordox Weeks. In days when the whole world shows unrest, it is to the solid, re- liable, substantial business man that the ordinary citizen turns with hope. Such men have shown ability in the safeguarding of their own interests and have many times carefully guided their own enterprises through panics and business convul- sions that have brought stringent markets, and 96 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA it would seem but natural that such men should be resourceful and from experience be able to ad- vise wisely and judiciously. Perhaps no better example of sound business methods can be found in any enterprise at Rocky Mount than those which prevail with the well known wholesale grocery house of Matthews & Weeks, William Gordon Weeks being the senior member of the firm. William Gordon Weeks was born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, March 19, 1875. His parents were George Washington and Bettie (Leg- gett) Weeks. The father has always devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. After the public schools William G. Weeks continued his education in Scotland Neck Mili- tary School and subsequently took a course in a commercial college at Siler City, North Caro- lina. Afterward he remained with his father on the home farm for a year and then accepted a position as traveling salesman for a wholesale gro- cery company of Rocky Mount, and continued with this house for the next five years. No bet- ter method could he have found to prepare himself for his present business. He became favorably known over a wide territory and thoroughly fa- miliar with grade, quality and market of the com- modities he sold and with his competitors, and thus was well qualified when, in 1902, he became associated with James W. Matthews, as Matthews, Weeks & Company, wholesale grocers. This has been an exceedingly prosperous concern. Mr. Weeks was married January 16, 1902, to Miss Martha Eleanor Woodall, who was born at Smithfield, North Carolina, and is a daughter of the late Seth and Martha. (Durham) Woodall. The father of Mrs. Weeks was a merchant and also owned farm properties in Johnston County. Mr. and Mrs. Weeks have three sons : William Gor- don, George LaFayette and Kenneth Denham, Mr. Weeks and wife are members of the Presbyte- rian Church, in which he is a deacon. Though never a politician or office seeker, nevertheless he is an active and useful citizen and all matters of civic importance receive his careful attention. He feels a sense of public responsibility as do other stable and dependable men, and is ever ready to assist in promoting undertakings which he believes will benefit the community. Lacey Jasper Bray. A prosperous business man of Elkin and a substantial representative of the milling interests of Surry County, Lacey Jasper Bray has been exceedingly fortunate in his under- takings, his success in life being entirely due to his untiring industry, energy and good manage- ment. He was born April 11, 1859, in Dobson Township, Surry County, North Carolina, a son of Oliver Bray and grandson of Arthur Bray, a life- long farmer of Surry County. Reared to agricultural pursuits, Oliver Bray re- mained beneath the parental rooftree until twenty- one years old, when he started in life for himself. Desirous of learning the miller's trade, he worked for awhile in a corn mill in Surry County, later being employed in a French burr mill on Fish River near Dobson. He became an expert miller, and followed the trade during the remainder of his active life. He attained the age of 'sixty-eight years, while his wife, whose maiden name was Polly Butcher, died when but fifty years old. She was born near Stony Knoll, Rockford Town- ship, Surry County, a daughter of James and Elizabeth Butcher. She was the mother of ten chil- dren, all of whom were brought into the world with- out the aid of a physician. Two died of that dread disease, diphtheria, and eight grew to years of ma- turity, as follows : Hiram, Martha, Tilda, Sihon, Lacey Jasper, Nancy, Clarenden and Richard. Lacey Jasper Bray received a practical educa- tion in the district schools, and when quite young began working in a burr mill, while thus employed learning to make flour by that process. He con- tinued work as a journeyman miller until 1906, when, in the month of June, he purchased the Elkin Roller Mill, which he has since owned and operated. This mill is furnished with modern machinery and has a capacity of sixty barrels of flour and 100 bushels of corn meal per day, and under the super- vision of Mr. Bray furnishes much of the flour and meal sold in this section of the county. Mr. Bray has also a large feed mill and crusher, and is operat- ing them successfully and with profit. At the early age of twenty years Mr. Bray mar- ried Teresa Lou Alice Chaney, who was born in Virginia, eighteen miles from Pennsylvania Court House, a daughter of Abram and Mary Chaney. Seven children have been born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Bray, namely: Mary Etta, Abram O., James S., Martha L., Cornelia, Rebecca, and Joseph Lacey. Religiously Mr. and Mrs. Bray are con- scientious and faithful members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Fraternally Mr. Bray belongs to Elkin Camp No. 105, Woodmen of the World; and to Elkin Council No. 96, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Lester A. Crowell, M. D., F. A. C. S. While he has been busy with the general work of his profession in Lincoln County for a quarter of a century, the services and achievements that make the name of Doctor Crowell distinctive in the pro- ' fession in North Carolina is as founder and active head of the Lincoln Hospital at Lincolnton. He built and established this hospital in 1907, and since that time his work has been devoted to surgery. For a number of years he had evinced special skill in the surgical branch of his profession and prior to founding his hospital he took post-graduate work in New York, and for years has been a de- voted student as well as a practitioner of surgery. His professional brethren have many times recog- nized his rare ability in this field, and it is also testified to by the fact that the hospital is so generously patronized as to keep Doctor Crowell and his assistants constantlv busy. At the annual meeting of the Tri-State Medical Association at Charleston in February, 1918, Doctor Crowell was elected vice president of the association. On the basis of his attainments he is also a member of the American College of Surgery. He belongs to the county and state societies and the American Medical Association. His individual record has been consistent with the hieh character of the Crowell family during their 2 1 /f ! centuries of resi- dence in America. Wheeler's "History of North Carolina," published about 1845, gives an interest- ing account of the origin of the Crowell family. It states that two brothers, John Crowell and Edward, came to North Carolina and settled in Halifax, migrating from Woodbridge, New Jersey. The name was originally Cromwell. Wheeler quotes another authority to the effect that in 1674 two brothers of Oliver Cromwell left England for America, and settled in New Jersey, having fled from England because of the political storms that impended over the name and house of the late Protector. While on the voyage, fearing that persecution would follow from the adherents of £& $^t^k&. M a £ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 97 Charles II, they resolved to change the name. This was done with solemn ceremony. Each brother wrote his name on paper and each cut therefrom the letter M and cast it into the sea. The family pedigree on vellum, recording these facts, was with the family in North Carolina. It was kept in an ornamental chest with other valuables which was seized and carried off by a party of Tarleton 's Legion in 1781. John Crowell, on the authority of Wheeler's history, married a Miss Lewis. He died early, leav- ing several children, one of whom, Joseph, married Miss Barnes, a celebrated beauty, and one of their daughters married Mumford, whose daughter was the wife of Hon. Wilie Jones. Edward Crowell married Miss Rayburn, aunt to Governor Rayburn of Georgia. His oldest son, Samuel, married Miss Bradford, and another son was Col. John Crowell, at one time a member of Congress from Georgia and also Indian agent. Doctor Crowell 's paternal ancestry goes back through several generations to his gTeat-great- grandfather, Simon Crowell, who was born in 1725 and came to what is now Union County about 1760. His was a remarkable life. Born at the end of the first quarter of the eighteenth century, he lived into the second third of the fol- lowing century, and at his death in 1835 had at- tained the age of one hundred ten years. Samuel Crowell, great-gTandfather of Doctor Crowell, was a patriot Revolutionary soldier. His son, Michael Crowell, the grandfather, was also identified with Union County, where the family had had their home for years preceding the Revo- lution. Many of the Crowells have become notable in the professions and in affairs. One of the family connections is Dr. A. J. Crowell of Charlotte, a cousin of Doctor Crowell of Lincolnton. The Charlotte physician is one of the eminent members of the profession in this state. Michael Crowell married Jane Pyron, of pure Scotch ancestry. Her father, William Prron, was a Revolutionary sol- dier. Dr. Lester A. Crowell was born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, eight miles north of Lincolnton. in 1867. His father, the late Dr. Eli Crowell, was born in Union County, but some time prior to the war moved to Lincoln County, settling eight miles north of the county seat. For a long period of years he was a country physician, and a large community gave him their gratitude during his life and have retained a grateful memory of his character and his work. He died in 1896. His home for many years was at the place known as Reepsville. At Reepsville Dr. Lester A. Crowell spent his youthful days, attending the local schools and the private school of Professor Hahn, one of the nota- ble teachers of his day. He received his profes- sional education in the Baltimore Medical College, from which he graduated with the class of 1892. He then took up active practice in his home com- munity on the Catawba River, and continued there until 1900, when he came to Lincolnton and was in general practice for seven years before estab- lishing his hospital. Doctor Crowell and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He married in 1896, at Shelbv, in Cleveland Countv, Miss Marv J. Hull, daughter of M. F. and Mollie A. (Grigg) Hull, of Cleveland County. Her father served in the Confederate army throughout the war with a Cleveland County regiment, and was one of the leading citizen? of that splendid county. Mrs. Tol. V— 7 Crowell 's mother is a member of the Grigg family of Scotch ancestry which has lived in that sec- tion for several generations. Doctor and Mrs. Crowell have an interesting family of five chil- dren, named Gordon B., Mary B., Corinne, Lester A., Jr., and Frank Hull Crowell. The daughter Mary is the wife of Mr. Thomas Abernethy, a young man who is now in the United States Army. Gordon B. Crowell is a graduate of the Univer- sity of North Carolina and following his father's example was preparing for the medical profession in the Medical School of the State University. In 1917 he volunteered his services in the Medical Corps of the United States Army, becoming a member of the unit headed by Doctor Brenizer of Charlotte. He is now in active service in France. This young man is twenty-two years of age, and has already demonstrated many unusual talents that offer a promising future for him in his profession. Hugh Davtb Ward, M. D. The world owes more to the medical profession and its exponents than to any other vocation or class of men. The medical men from earliest times have borne an important part in the progress of civilization, not alone in caring for the sick, but in having a voice in the councils of the nations, and as time has passed their importance has steadily increased, and de- servedly so. The life of the conscientious physician is never one of ease. Not only is it necessary for him to devote years to preliminary training, but his studies are not completed until he lays aside his duties, for medicine is one of the most pro- gressive of sciences, and each day brings new ideas and discoveries. To keep abreast of them requires study and ability, a broad mind and comprehensive reading. Among the younger members of the medical fraternity of Brunswick County, one of the devotees of this calling who is winning success through inherent ability, thorough training and a comprehensive realization and appreciation of the responsibilities resting upon him, is Hugh David Ward, M. D., who has been engaged in practice at Southport since 1914. Doctor Ward is a native of the Old North State, having been born at Wilmington, August 24, 1885, a son of David and Mary (Curtis) Ward. His father was a prominent farmer and stockman in the vicinity of Wilmington, and Doctor Ward passed a gVeat deal of his boyhood on the home farm, in the meantime acquiring his primary edu- cation in the public schools. Later he pursued a course of study at Oak Ridge Institute in Stokes Countv, North Carolina, and was then sent to the noted "Wake Forest College, in Wake County, from which he was graduated in 1912. With this prep- aration Doctor Ward entered the medical depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1914 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and at once came to Southport, where he has been engaged in a general practice. It has been his fortune" thus far to impress the people with his ability, scholarship and medical talents, and thus has drawn about him a very desirable and remunerative professional business. His suc- cess thus early in life may be taken as indicative of a prosperous future, replete with eminent attain- ments. In July, 1907, he entered the United States Public Health" Service as assistant surgeon, and expects to remain in this service in the future. Doctor Ward is a member of the North Caro- lina Medical Society, the Brunswick County Med- ical Societv and the" American Medical Association, 98 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA and among his fellow practitioners enjoys an excel- lent reputation as an observer of the highest ethics of his calling. He is a member of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, of the Masonic Order, and of the Upsilon Pi Chapter of the Phi Chi medical fraternity of the University of Penn- sylvania. His religious faith is that of the Bap- tist Church. Augustin Walston Macnair is a rising young attorney of the Tarboro bar and has demon- strated his thorough capacity for handling many large and important interests. Mr. Macnair was graduated in law in 1908, was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1909, practiced five years in Norfolk, Virginia, and since 1915 has been located at Tarboro, where he handles chiefly a corporation and commercial practice. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Asso- ciation. He was born October 17, 1887, and comes of a fine old Scotch family and through his ancestry has membership in the Sons of the American Rev- olution. His parents were Whitmel Home and Carrie Lee (Walston) Macnair. His father was a druggist. Mr. Macnair attended St. Mary 's Col- lege at Belmont, North Carolina, finishing his preparatory work in 1904 and then entered the literary and law departments of Georgetown Uni- versity at Washington, D. C, where he graduated in 1908, before his twenty-fourth birthday. Charles G. Gilreath, for fifteen years practic- ing law at Wilkesboro, is lineally descended from some of the first settlers in his section of Western North Carolina. The family has been distinguished for its patriotism, its ability in different lines, and has been liberally represented in the wars of the nation and in the professions and leading indus- tries. His remote American ancestor was Capt. Wil- liam Gilreath. He was a Scotch-Irishman, and coming to America in colonial times lived in Vir- ginia, but about 1755 came south to North Caro- lina. He established a home in that portion of Rowan County which is now Wilkes County. His purchase of land was a place about three miles south of the present site of Wilkesboro. At that time Western North Carolina was a virtual wilder- ness. There were Indians in great numbers, none of the tribes having been removed or driven away. It was a vast happy hunting ground, filled with big game and the streams abounded in fish. There was every opportunity for pioneer adventure and frontier experience. When the war of the Revolu- tion came on Captain Gilreath joined the other colonists in seeking independence, and was cap- tain of a company in the noted Col. Ben Cleve- land 's command. That company did its part in the battle of King's Mountain and Captain Gilreath was wounded during that engagement. With the close of the war he deeded his estate to his son William and with his wife and other children accompanied Col. Ben Cleveland on a migration to Greenville. South Carolina. In that community he spent his last days, and some of the descendants of the sons that went with him are now living at Charlotte, North Carolina. The head of the next generation was his son Wil- liam Gilreath, who was born on the old homestead south of Wilkesboro. He spent his entire life there, and his remains are buried on the old estate. The family plantation is now known as the Oakwood Farm. William Gilreath reared four sons, named Hilary, Henry ) Hardee and Hugh. Henry Gilreath, who was born three miles south of Wilkesboro, was the great-grandfather of the Wilkesboro lawyer. He bought a plantation about two miles from his birthplace and during his active career operated his fields with slave labor. He married Lavina Parks, who was born at Roaring River in Wilkes County. Both lived to a good old age. Their three sons were named Hugh, Thomas and William. Hugh Gilreath, the grandfather, was born three miles southwest of Wilkesboro, and in time bought a farm near Moravian Falls. To the cultivation of his land he gave the best of his energy and died there at the age of sixty. He married Elizabeth Barker. Her father, Joel Barker, came from Eng- land with his parents and married a Miss Steven- son, of the prominent Stevenson family of Iredell County. Mrs. Hugh Gilreath died when eighty- three years of age. Their two sons were named Thomas J. and James Pervis, and their two daugh- ters were Elizabeth and Martha. Thomas J. Gilreath, father of Charles G., was born on a plantation on Rocky Creek in Iredell County in 1831. He was liberally educated, having the instruction of two noted schoolmen, Professor Hall and Dr. Brantly York. When a young man he began teaching, and that was his life 's occupa- tion. He became one of the founders of Movarian Falls Academy and continued his work as a teacher for forty years. He also bought a farm two miles from Moravian Falls, and that furnished him a home and occupation for his leisure until his death at the age of seventy-seven. Prof. Thomas J. Gil- reath married Keziah Kesler. She was born at Monbo, North Carolina. Her father, Samuel Kes- ler, was born in Rowan County, and her grand- father, Cornelius Kesler, was of Holland nativity and always talked and read the Dutch language. Cornelius Kesler married a Miss Wallace. Samuel Kesler was owner of a farm along the Catawba River in Iredell County, and before the war had slaves. The maiden name of his wife was Matilda Miller. She was born in Iredell County, a daugh- ter of John and Catherine Miller, both natives of Pennsylvania. The Millers in 1808 made the long journey south from Pennsylvania, traveling with wagons and bringing all their earthly possessions. John Miller lived on a farm between Monbo and Troutmans in Iredell County. There he and his wife spent their last years. Mrs. Thomas J. Gil- reath died at the age of sixty-nine. Her eight children were named James E., Alice, William S., Franklin H., Clarence H., Thomas Cicero, Charles G. and Florence. Mr. Charles G. Gilreath was born at his father's home at Moravian Falls in Wilkes County and dur- ing his youth attended the Moravian Falls Acad- emy. When he was twenty years of age he fol- lowed the example of his father as a teacher and continued the work of the school room for seven years. His leisure had been devoted in the mean- time to the study of law and eventually he entered Wake Forest College under Professor Gully, and was licensed to practice on September 1, 1903. He opened his office at Wilkesboro and has been steadily prospering and gaining prestige in the pro- fession for the past fourteen years. Since 1907 he has been associated with Hon. R. N. Hackett, and between them they command a large share of the best law business in the county. Mr. Gilreath was married December 20, 1903, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 99 to Mary Fidelia Moore, who was born near Brushy Mountain in Wilkes County, a daughter of Enoe C. and Aley (Hendren) Moore. Mrs. Gilreath died in 1914 and Mr. Gilreath subsequently married her sister, Ola. There are two children of the first marriage : Fred Gully and Grace Moore. Mr. Gilreath is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, while his wife is a Baptist. John J. George. What is now the flourishing industrial village of Cherryville, Gaston County, received an important addition to its citizenship in 1892 when John J. George began his work as one of the teachers in the local schools. Mr. George left the educational profession a few years later, and for nearly fifteen years has been looked upon as one of the most conspicuous business men of the county. He has done much to build up the industrial resources of Cherryville and sur- rounding territory, and is associated with other large capitalists in ownership and operation of several cotton mills and other business organiza- tions. Mr. George was born in Lexington County, South Carolina, in 1866, son of Nelson B. and Isabel (Shealy) George. His father was a South Carolina farmer, and during the war between the states did gallant service as a Confederate soldier. He was in Company C of the Third South Carolina Regiment and altogether participated in twenty- seven battles and was seven times struck by enemy bullets. Mr. George has always been grateful to those who guided the fortunes of his youth because of the excellent education he received. He first at- tended the Mitchell High School in Lexington County, South Carolina, a school noteworthy for the thoroughness of its teachers. It was a pre- paratory school for college, and after attending this school and spending one year in Professor Preher 's School at Lexington, he entered Newbury College. This college, a denominational school of the Lutheran Church, he attended one year and completed his literary education in two other Lutheran colleges, first at Concordia College at Conover, North Carolina, where he spent \Vi years, and in 1892 graduated from Lenoir College at Hickory, North Carolina. Mr. George was a young college man when he came to Cherryville and for six years was identi- fied with this community as a teacher in its local schools. With the exception of seven years when he had business interests that required his residence in Bessemer City in Gaston County, Mr. George has been a resident of Cherryville since 1892. Mr. George first made his big mark in the busi- ness world as a bond salesman. For five years ending in 1918 he was in the bond business, rep- resenting one of the oldest and best, known municipal bond houses in the Middle West, the firm Sidney Spitzer & Company of Toledo. This organization, with branch offices in half a dozen large cities, had no stronger man on its sales force than Mr. George. He sold $20,000,000 worth of bonds and loans for his house, and earned both for himself and the Spitzer Company a great deal of money. Mr. George was well prepared for the changes necessitated by war conditions, when all bond houses operated under severe handicaps. In 1917 he engaged actively in the cotton mill business at Cherryville, an industry with which he had been more or less intimately connected financially for several years. With his associates in November, 1917, Mr. George bought the Vivian Cotton Mills at Cherryville. He is the principal stockholder and president and active manager of the mills, which manufacture skeins and tubes, 10 's to 16 's. There was an almost instant change for the bet- ter when Mr. George took personal management of the property. He gave it a thorough overhaul- ing, installed new and improved machinery, con- structed a large addition to the general plant, and increased the number of spindles from 3,100 to 5,200. Mr. George also has a large interest in another cotton mill at Cherryville, the Cherryville Manufacturing Company, which is the pioneer cotton mill of the town. It manufactures warp and skein yarns. The president of this mill is Mr. P. E. Rhyne of Lincolnton, while Mr. George is its vice president. An important new enterprise in the spinning industry of the country, organized in March, 1918, and of which Mr. George is one of the promoters and is second vice president of the company, is the Manny-Steel Company. This organization at the present time represents twenty-one mills and sells the yarn products of these mills direct to hosiery mills and other knitting and weaving in- dustries. The company began with a capital stock of $155,000. By May, 1918, subscriptions to the amount of $223,000 had been made and the capital is to be increased to $250,000. In the six weeks ending at the middle of May, 1918, the company had transacted more than a million dol- lars' worth of business, a record seldom passed even by the essential war industries. The main offices of the company are at Philadelphia, while Mr. George has charge of the southern branch at Cherryville. Other business connections of Mr. George are as a stockholder in three of Gaston County 's banks, the First National at King's Mountain, the First National at Cherrvville, and the Bessemer City Bank. A man of his enterprise and energy means much to the well being of any community. He has al- ways shown a willingness to take a responsible share in civic and community affairs, and as a cotton mill operator has been deeply interested in the welfare of his operatives and is keenly con- scious of the responsibility devolving upon him in making his mill village a social and human as well as a commercial factor.- This mill village at Vivian has received many improvements in the way of san- itary equipment for the cottages, the improvement of streets and lawns, the construction of a new park, and besides these comfort facilities Mr. George has also liberally encouraged everyone in matters of thrift and industry. In the many years of his residence at Cherry- ville a remarkable transformation has been effected in the town. When he first located there Gaston County had only one bank and three cotton mills. At the same time there were forty licensed distil- leries and any number of "blockade" distilleries in the county. Mr. George was one of the pio- neers in working for temperance and prohibition. He is highly gratified at the total absence of liquor factories at present, these institutions being supplanted by the thirteen banks of the county and more than eighty cotton mills, with promise of manv other substantial industries to follow. Mr. George married Miss Frances Pearl Mauney, daughter of Hon. S. S. Mauney. Her father is a brother of Hon. W. A. Maunev and Mr. J. S. Mauney of King's Mountain. The Mauneys are an old and historic family in this part of the 100 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA state and reference to the individual members is found more in detail on other pages. Mr. George and family are members of the Lutheran Church and he is a member of the board of trustees of Lenoir College. To him and his wife were born ten children: Linchen, Kerne, Prentiss, Catharine, Delmas, Howard, Reba, Marjorie, Garcie and Ruth. Benjamin Franklin Hall is president of Hall & Pearsall, Incorporated, wholesale grocers at Wilmington. Though seventy-six years of age, he is still a busy business man. He has devoted nearly half a century to the achievement of what he modestly terms a moderate business success, though it is one of the leading wholesale houses of the state. Such a career has a distinct value apart from the material results. When a boy, preparing for college, Mr. Hall responded to the call of duty, and spent four years with the Confederate army. He was born January 29, 1842, near Hallsville in' Duplin County, North Carolina. His parents were Thomas Pearsall and Susan Eliza (McGowen) Hall. His grandfather, William Hall, came in early life from Virginia, settling in Duplin County, and founding the Village of Hallsville. He died December 26, 1825, in his eighty-fourth year. Thomas Pearsall Hall was born February 6, 1796, and died September 7, 1844, when Ben- jamin F. Hall was only two years of age. Susan Eliza McGowen was born December 5, 1808, and died May 23, 1894. Her father, William McGowen, died in 1859, when about ninety-six years of age. The family ancestry also introduces two other well known names, Pearsall and Dixon. Thomas P. Hall and wife had seven sons, Benjamin F. being the youngest. Three died in childhood. David died in 1857, at the age of twenty-two. The other three, Edward James, Jeremiah Pearsall and Ben- jamin Franklin, all enlisted in the North Carolina State troops in March, 1861. Jeremiah died of disease in 1862. Edward James died in 1867 as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Drury's Bluff in May, 1864. Benjamin F. Hall had ancestors who were sturdy and most of them long-lived, and thus began life with an inheritance of qualities such as no man could despise. Owing to various circumstances he received only a limited education. He attended primary schools and the -Grove Academy near Kenansville, where he came under the instruction of Bev. James M. Sprunt, D. D., Hon. B. F. Grady and Mr. Samuel Clement. Instead of entering the University of North Carolina in 1861 as he had planned, he entered the Confederate army, and served through the war in the Twelfth and Forty- third North Carolina regiments, finally surrender- ing at Appomattox. He enlisted in March, 1861, in Company C of the Duplin Rifles, a part of the Twelfth Regiment. This term of enlistment was for six months. In April, 1862, he re-enlisted in Company A of the Duplin Rifles, Forty-third North Carolina Regiment. He served as corporal of Company C in the Twelfth Regiment, and as first sergeant of Company A of the Forty-third Regiment. The further details of his military record will be found in ' ' Clarke 's North Carolina Regiment," Vol. 1, page 608, Vol. 3, pages 1 to 18, and Vol. 5, page 497. Though he was an active and loyal soldier dur- ing the four years of trying conflict between the North and South, Mr. Hall has a sincere conviction that war should be the last resort of civilized people ; and cites the present ■ world war as an example of its fearful reaction upon the nations that provoke it, and expresses his views in the following words: "Prussianized Germany, under its autocratic government, controlled by a military oligarchy, has brought upon the world the greatest disaster of all ages in its mad attempt to bring free nations under its dominion. The vast military machine built up through a generation at enormous expense needed to justify its cost in a war of con- quest, lest the people should refuse further to bear the burden. "By this mad effort, Germany has provoked the undying animosity of all free people, and ce- mented the purpose of the more powerful nations to relieve the world of further menace to its peace from Prussian militarism. When this is accom- plished, as there is good reason to believe it will be at no distant date, we can hope for a league of the sane and peaceful nations of the earth under such laws as will preserve the peace of the world without vast military and naval establishments. ' ' The end of the war between the states found Mr. Hall, as it did thousands of other southern- ers, without means, and in a country depleted in its resources, and without settled plan of develop- ment. At this time he began teaching school, and followed that occupation for two years in Duplin County. He had previously taught in the fall terms of 1858-59-60 in the same county. In 1868 Mr. Hall came to Wilmington, and was soon en- gaged in the wholesale grocery and provision busi- ness, which has grown up under his management to one of the largest concerns of its kind in this city. From 1869 to 1876 he was a member of the firm of Edwards & Hall, and in 1876 established the firm of Hall & Pearsall. In 1901 the business was incorporated as Hall & Pearsall, Incorporated, and since that date Mr. Hall has been president of the company. From time to time he took part in other local business affairs, serving several years as director of the First National Bank of Wilming- ton, of the Wilmington Savings & Trust Company, and as director of the Wilmington Sea Coast Rail- road. Mr. Hall has been a democrat, though without personal aspirations for the honors of politics. He has exerted what influence he could in behalf of the cause of good government, both locally and in the state and nation, and a number of letters appeared under his signature advocating the elec- tion of Woodrow Wilson. Since 1879 Mr. Hall has been ruling elder of the First Presbyterian Church of Wilmington. He served as trustee of Union Theological Seminary in Virginia from 1884 to 1916. On April 12, 1871, at Wilmington, he married Miss Marsraret Tannahill Sprunt. Mrs. Hall was born October 20. 1844, and died April 26, 1914. She was born at Port of Spain, Island of Trinidad, a daughter of Alexander and Jane (Dalziel) Sprunt, who came from Scotland. At the time of her birth her father was junior partner in the firm of Reed, Irving & Company of London and Port of Spain. Later, he and his brother, James M. Sprunt, moved to North Carolina. There were five generations of ruling elders in the Sprunt family. Mr. and Mrs. Hall had the following chil- dren: James Sprunt, M. D., who was educated at Davidson College, married Edith Kirkpatrick, and now makes his home at Los Angeles, California. At the date of this sketch he is first lieutenant, as a volunteer, in the Medical Reserve Corps of the United States army. Alexander McDonald, who also completed his education in Davidson Col- • HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 101 lege, married Margaret Hargrave, and lives at Wilmington. Louis Edward, who was educated in the University of Xorth Carolina, married Eleanor Williams, and resides at Wilmington. John, edu- cated at Davidson College, married Katharine Hoke, and lives at Wilmington. At this date the three last named sons are engaged in business in the City of Wilmington, A. M. Hall is president of the Wilmington Grocery Company, and John and Louis as officers in Hall & Pearsall, Incorpo- rated. The three daughters all completed their edu- cation in Wellesley College in Massachusetts. Susan Eliza is now a missionary teacher in the mountain schools; Jessie Dalziel is a foreign mis- sionary in China ; Jane Sprunt is a social worker, both in the City of Wilmington and in the moun- tain districts. Loris Edward Hall. The name Hall has been one of prominence in business circles of Blooming- ton for a great many years. Louis Edward Hall, representing the second generation of the family, is a man of university training, and on leaving college he entered the old established wholesale grocery house with his father, and is now vice president and general manager of Hall & Pearsall Company, Incorporated. He was born at Wilmington, North Carolina, August 4, 1877, and is a son of Benjamin Frank- lin and Margaret Tannahill (Sprunt) Hall. His father engaged in the wholesale grocery business fifty years ago. Louis E. Hall was educated in Cane Fear Academy and in Amy Bradley School, and finished in the University of North Carolina. He then became associated with his father in the wholesale grocery business. For one term Mr. Hall served in the city coun- cil. For several years he was vice president of the local Chamber of Commerce and was its presi- dent in 1914-15. He is also former president of the Wilmington Association of Credit Men, which is affiliated with the National Credit Men's As- sociation. Mr. Hall is a member of the Carolina Yacht Club, Cape Fear Country Club and the Cape Fear Club. He was an active member of the First Presbvterian Church until the organization of the Church of the Covenant in 1917. This con- gregation has its home in the beautiful building at Fifteenth and Market erected by Dr. James and W. H. Sprunt as a memorial to their parents, who are the been greatly enlarged from its earnings, while steadily paying its annual dividends, and consumes about $10,000 bales of cotton annually. It also largely represents local capital, and Mr. Cooper has been its only president. He has conducted the operations of the°e mills with such signal ability that he has never had occasion to leave Henderson to secure a dollar for the use of either enterprise. The two plants are worth nearly or quite $1,000,000 now, and do an annual business of some million and a half dollars. Mr. Cooper claims these mills to be the largest producers and sellers of hosiery yarns in the South. One important result of their location lias been to greatly enhance the position of Hen- derson as a cotton market. Mr. Cooper would resent any claim that he alone has accomplished these things. It is doubt- ful if there are combined in any enterprise in the state an abler or more efficient body of men than are associated in the Henderson ventures. They have accorded Mr. Cooper a leading position, and . he has justified their confidence. It is not unfitting in this connection to men- tion Mr. Cooper's relations with those in his employ. He takes a deep personal interest in their welfare. This is particularly noticeable in respect to young men who prove themselves capable and deserving. In nearly every instance when he has advanced them as far as he can in his own business, he goes outside and secures them promotion elsewhere commensurate with their deserts. His interest in the operatives of his mills is almost paternal. He has secured the location of branches of the Henderson graded school near each mill. He has been the largest contributor to their churches and Sunday Schools. The fact that he is an Episcopalian and they almost entirely Baptists and Methodists seems forgotten on both sides. He is as much interested in getting reports of the Sunday School work as members of their own denominations. On a recent occasion when a prominent minister of a leading denomination discredited the religious and moral influence thrown around mill settlements, Mr. Cooper drew from his pocket a report of the Sunday School of the South Henderson Baptist Church (Harriet Mill) and challenged compari- son with any school of that minister 's denomina- tion in the state. Naturally, he is held in high esteem by his employees. While exerting his best efforts for the develop- ment of home interests, Mr. Cooper has not been insensible to the demands and opportunities out- side. In 1892 he was a delegate from North Carolina to the Nicaragua Canal Convention at New Orleans. Under the Hoffman administration he was a director in the Durham and Northern Railway Company, a director in the Seaboard Air Line Railway Company, and a member of the Finance Committee of the latter. He has been for some years a director of the Commercial and Farmers Bank, Raleigh, North Carolina, and is interested in the Wachovia Loan and Trust Company, and many other financial and industrial enterprises both in and out of the state. In 1902, upon the coming of age of his two elder sons, Sydney P. and Alexander, he partly relieved himself of the burdens of his warehouse business by converting it into a corporation and shifting much of the labor upon their younger shoulders. Aside from the large enterprises that have been noted, Mr. Cooper is concerned in nearly all the public enterprises of Henderson. He may justly be called the founder of the Henderson graded schools. In 1899 he joined with a few other gentlemen of the town in organizing the Central School without legislative charter or provision of law for its support. They undertook its support, the people of the community making such contributions as they pleased. Professor J. T. Alderman, formerly of this state but then con- nected with the public schools of Columbus. Georgia, was secured as superintendent, and the movement, was a success from the .beginning. In 1901 the General Assembly passed an act establish- &^^/< HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 105 ing the school upon a legal basis and providing for its support. Mr. Cooper was one of the original trustees, and upon the retirement of Dr. J. D. Huffham, D. D., succeeded him as president of the board. The school has outgrown its present facilities, and a splendid lot, well loeated, has been purchased, upon which a new building will be erected during the present or coming rear at a cost of $20,000 or $25,000. He has 'also served the town as a member of its Board of Internal Improvements, but otherwise he has not sought or held any public office. But in common with most representative men of Henderson, it is his home that most engages his affections. In 1898 he was joined in marriage with Mrs. Florence M. Davis, a daughter of Mr. Nicholas H. Chavasse, of Henderson, grand- daughter of Sir Thomas Chavasse, an eminent English surgeon, niece of the present Bishop of Liverpool, England, »nd kinswoman of George Eliot, the novelist. It is a most congenial and sympathetic union, and their home is a center of social life and hospitality. Both are deeply interested in their church, the Episcopal, of which he has been a vestryman and treasurer for many years, and concern themselves actively in its various enterprises. He was one of the moving spirits in acquiring St. Mary's School for the church and has heen one of its trustees from the time of its acquisition. Negative qualities are wanting in Mr. Cooper. To be positive and aggressive is his ideal of a business man. In his personal relations he is of a friendly disposition, both approachable and accessible. He recognizes an obligation to the community growing out of his wealth, and is one of the first men approached for aid to any object that appeals to public or private beneficence. He is democratic by instinct as well as conviction, because he is interested in his fellowmen. His early purpose in life, as stated by himself, was "to become a. first-class business man, to surpass my competitors by doing things better than they can, and to be of real service to my community and fellow-men. ' ' How far this has been accomplished may be judged in a measure from the record here given. William Jaoquelix Boykin. In the business life of Wilson, William Jacquelin Boykin has been an important factor since his arrival in this city in 189.' 1 !. During a quarter of a century he has been identified with a number of enterprises, all con- nected with the steady growth and progress of the commercial interests of the community, and the concerns with which he has linked his name have been founded and maintained upon sound principles and honorable policies. His career has been characteristic of the men who have assisted in the locality 's business development. Mr. Boykin was born in the City of Richmond, Virginia. July 12, 1862. and is a son of Samuel Henry and Frances (Taylor I Boykin. His father was for a number of years prominently known in public circles of the Virginia capital, where he served in the capacity of register of land of the Old Dominion State. The public schools of his native city furnished William .1. Boykin with his educational training, and his first experience in a commercial way was secured in the tobacco busi- ness, which he entered as a youth of seventeen years and with which he continued to be con- nected until 1904. In the meantime, in 1893. he came to Wilson, where he established himself in business as a tobacco leaf dealer and exporter, and until 1902 centered his activities in this line of commercial enterprise. In the year mentioned lie entered another field, when he founded and es- tablished the Wilson Ice and Fuel Company, of which he became secretary, treasurer and gen- eral manager. He still retains these positions, and since 1904 has given his undivided attention to the interests of the company, having disposed of his holdings in the tobacco industry. Mr. Boy- kin 's business has been one of sound and steady advancement, and a gratifying success has re- warded his good management and energetic labor. In addition to the handling of ice he deals also in coal and wood, and both departments have grown commensurately with the growth of the community. In business circles he is known as a man who can be relied upon to observe a high standard of commercial ethics, and in ventures in which he has been associated with others his as- sociates have had reason to feel secure in his judg- ment and foresight. Mr. Boykin is a valued and popular member of the Country and Common- wealth clubs. He is a Mason in high standing, and belongs to the Lodge, Chapter, Commandery and Shrine of that order. He and his family belong to Saint Timothy's Episcopal Church of Wilson, and Mr. Boykin now occupies the post of senior warden. On .Tune 22, 1887, at Richmond, Mr. Boykin was united in marriage with Miss Rosa Harris, who was born in Goochland County. Virginia, and they are the parents of one daughter: Frances, who is now the wife of Thomas D. Meares, Jr., income tax inspector at Wilson, North Carolina, for the United States Government. Noah B. Kendrick was born on a farm in No. 5 Township near Waco, Cleveland County, North Carolina, November 22, 1869. The date of his birth is of special importance since it indicates that period in which his earlv youth was spent. His father, Larkin S. Kendrick. was a farmer by occupation, and had given practically his all to the cause of the South during the war. With the close of that struggle his family, like thousands of others, was left in very humble circumstances, and the father died when Noah B. Kendrick was an infant. The latter 's earliest childhood recollections re- volve around the humble home and circumstances in which the family lived. He takes a great deal of natural pride in the little memento he has in the form of a picture of the dimunitive log cabin in which he was born. Very early in life he went to work to support himself, and for that reason was deprived of getting a full extent of even such limited facilities as were offered in the public schools of that dav. This was a period when the South was at the lowest ebb financially and indus- trial^, and Mr. Kendrick had to overcome the heaw handicaps imposed upon the youth of that e^och. He was given no outside advantages what- ever and his individual success has been achieved on the score of his native ability plus a superabun- dant energy and initiative. Thus it is possible to give all the more credit to a man who today is one of the leading men of Gaston Countv finan- cially, a prominent merchant and manufacturer, possessed of resources and influence, and a leader in civic and educational enterprises. His success, considering all the conditions, has been nothing short of phenomenal. Mr. Kendrick 's mother was Margaret (Putnam) 106 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Kendrick. On his father 's side he is descended from English ancestry founded in America by three brothers from England. One of them set- tled in Massachusetts, one in Tennessee, and the third either in South Carolina or Georgia. It is from the latter that Noah B. Kendrick is de- scended. Mr. Kendrick got his start in a business way at Cherryville, Gaston County, his present home, and with which place he has been identified for many years. In partnership with his brother, J. W. Kendrick, he is one of the owners of the Ken- drick Mercantile Company of that place. They also do an extensive business in cotton buying and are the mainsprings of much of the business ac- tivity in this town. Mr. Kendrick was one of the organizers and is still a director of the Gaston Manufacturing Company, a $200,000 corporation operating one of the best cotton mills in Gaston County. He and his brother established the first telephone system at Cherryville, which they after- wards sold to the present Piedmont Telephone Company. In 1915 Mr. Kendrick established the Kendrick Brick and Tile Company, manufacturers of brick, with a large plant at Mount Holly. Since its founding this plant has prospered under the direction and management of Mr. Kendrick. He is president of the Gaston Knitting Mill at Cherryville, of which he was one of the organizers in 1918, and is also vice president of the Osage Manufacturing Company at Bessemer, North Caro- lina. In 1917 Mr. Kendrick bought the first Bailie Ginning System in the state, a system of ginning unopen cotton, which has saved the far- mers in the vicinity over forty thousand dollars that would otherwise have been an entire waste. During the sessions of 1909 and 1911 Mr. Ken- drick was one of the prominent members of the House of Representatives from Gaston County. One of his chief interests in his prosperous career has been in forwarding and upbuilding educational institutions. His own early experiences, when such a thing as popular education hardly existed in his part of the state, has made him all the more de- termined that the youth of the present generation should have the best possible provision for train- ing and instruction. It was through his personal initiative, enterprise and effort that the election was called and carried favorably whereby taxation was voted and the work begun for the present public and high school at Cherryville. Educational authorities have pronounced it one of the very best educational institutions in North Carolina. Mr. Kendrick is also a director of the famous Boiling Springs High School in Cleveland County, an institution outgrowing fame and influence maintained by the Sandy Run and King Mountain Baptist associations. On February 18, 1891, Mr. Kendrick married Miss Margaret Mauney, daughter of Caleb Mauney, of Gaston County. She is a member of the promi- nent family of that name whose history appears elsewhere in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Kendrick have seven living children: Bessie, Gearrie, Clyde, Lela, Haywood, Novello and Pearl. The oldest of these have and are yet receiving the best of col- lege and university education in North Carolina institutions. The oldest son, Gearrie L., enlisted in the Aviation Department of the United States Army December 13, 1917, and is now in Prance. The second son, Clyde, who has just became twenty- one, will soon enter the service. James William Creed is one of the leading merchants of Mount Airy in Surry County. He has lived in that locality all his life and his people were among the pioneers of Surry County. His birth occurred in Mount Airy and he is a son of the venerable Anderson Creed, who is still living there and an honored veteran of the war between the states. The grandfather, Bennett Creed, was also born in Surry County. He was a farmer and millwright. The farm he owned and occupied was about four miles west and somewhat south of Mount Airy. He gave active superintendence to his land but spent at least a portion of each year away from home working at his trade. Bennett Creed married Martha Dunnegan, who was born in Dobson Town- ship of Surry County, where her parents were pio- neers. She died at the age of eighty-nine and her husband lived to be seventy-two. Their four chil- dren were named Sally, Dicey, Anderson and John. Anderson Creed, who was born on a farm near Mount Airy in the township of that name in 1839, grew up and as a youth learned the trade of car- penter. In 1861, at the age of twenty-two, he en- listed in the Confederate Army in a company com- manded by Capt. L. J. Norman. For four years he was with his command battling the forces of the North, and endured the hardships of number- less campaigns, marches and engagements. With the close of the war he engaged in farming and made two crops, after which he moved to Mount Airy and found employment in a tobacco factory during a portion of each year, while the rest of the time was spent working at his trade as carpen- ter. He bought city property and since the fall of 1866 has had his home at Mount Airy. However, he has spent a portion of his time on his farm. Anderson Creed has been twice married. His first wife was Martha Ann Durham, who was born in Patrick County, Virginia, daughter of Henry Dur- ham. She died in 1874, leaving two children: An- derson Edward and James William. The second wife of Anderson Creed was Susan Creed, a daugh- ter of Enoch Creed. There were also children by the second marriage. James William Creed as a boy attended the public schools at Mount Airy. 'Work and the serious responsibilities of life were part of his earlv experience and at the age of sixteen he -was employed in a tobacco factory for a portion of each year. In December, 1896, he began clerking for J. D. Jenkins in his book store. In 1904 he left the book store to take up the lumber business, which he continued 2% years. He then went back to Mr. Jenkins and was his trusted and chief dependence in the work of the store until the death of Mr. Jenkins in 1911. Mr. Creed then succeeded to the ownership of the business, and has carefully built it. up to a profitable enterprise. He carries a full line of books, periodicals and sta- tionery and has every supply of that kind needed by the community. In February, 1902, Mr. Creed married Jessie D. Watkins, a daughter of F. C. and Fannie Watkins. Mr. and Mrs. Creed have eight children: William, James, Clunett, Jesse. Edward, Paul, Frances and Margie. Mrs. Creed is a member of the Friends Church. Mr. Creed affiliates with Mount Airy Lodee No. 107 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Edmund Strudwick. At a meeting of the North Carolina Medical Society in June, 1907, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 107 Dr. H. A. Royster of Raleigh read a paper entitled Edmund Strudwick, Surgeon, in which he called that pioneer surgeon the most heroic figure so far recorded in the medical annals of North Carolina. It is largely from that paper that we are indebted for the materials of the following sketch. Edmund Strudwick was born in Orange County, North Carolina, March 25, 1802, and died at the age of seventy-seven at Hillsboro. The scene of his birth was at Long Meadows, only about five miles north of Hillsboro. He was of an old established family in that community and his father had long been prominent in politics. From the famous Elder Bingham Dr. Strud- wick received the equivalent of a high school edu- cation, but did not finish, as we are told, because he was ' ' so impatient to begin the study of the science to which nature seemed especially to have called him and which he pursued with un- diminished ardor literally to the last moment of his conscious existence. ' ' His medical studies began under Dr. James Webb, who stood to him almost as a father and whose place in the hearts of his people Doctor Strudwick subsequently rllled. He graduated as a Doctor of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania April 8, 1824. Among his classmates were Dr. John K. Mitchell, father of S. Weir Mitchell. For two years he served as resident physician in the Philadelphia Almshouse and Charity Hospital, and equipped with this climical experience he returned home in 1826 and began practice at Hillsboro. Doctor Strudwick never affiliated with any medical organization except the Xorth Carolina State Medical Society. He was a charter member and the first president of that society and in his election the society honored itself. He continued a lively interest, in the work of the society into his last years, though he practically never con- tributed anything to its medical literature. The character of Doctor Strudwick 's work was such as came to every country practitioner in his day. He was apothecary, physician, obstetrician, surgeon. And though he performed those duties as other men had performed them before him, there seemed to stand out in him something that was different — above and beyond the country doctor around him. It was the man behind the physician, the strong mental and moral force back of his activity. Though Doctor Strudwick was a well-rounded medical man, his forte was surgery, and, as his biographer states, had he lived in this day and generation his name would be at the top of those who exclusively practice that art. ' ' When we consider the conditions under which he lived and labored, his work and its results were little short of miraculous. His reputation was not merely local, but during the forties and long afterward he was doing operations in Raleigh. Wilmington, Charlotte, Greensboro — all the principal cities of the state. Numerous patients were sent to him also, some of them from long distances. There was no general hospital in the state then, but he cared for his cases some- how and always gave them faithful attention. No modern surgeon in Xorth Carolina has ever attained to such individual eminence. Xor were his results less wonderful. He attempted not only the lesser cases, but also those of magnitude, and this fact gives greater color to the results." His bioerapher records scores of operations for cata- ract by the now obsolete needle method without losing an eye. He was especially famous for his work in lithotomy, and in his time undoubtedly ranked as the leading lithotomist of Xorth Caro- lina. He performed many successful operations of breast amputations, strangulated hernia and others that now and always have been classed as major operations. Of his personality, habits and tastes Doctor Royster recalls many things that will be read with interest by the North Carolina medical fraternity and the public in general. ' ' Doctor Strudwick was built in a big mold. His soul could not conceive, his mind could not think, his body could not do a little thing. A study of his career indicates that his ways were not the ways of the ordinary man either in the medical pro- fession or out of it. He was a master of men. And this was not an acquirement of age, but he was all his life a leader. His moral force in the community may be shown by his set determina- tion never to allow doctors to quarrel. He simply would not let them alone until peace was made. A favorite way was to invite the warring ones to his home on a certain time without giving them an opportunity to know in advance that they were to meet. This done, he usually accomplished his purpose. He was determined even to the point of stubbornness. Just after the Civil war his most influential friends attempted with all their power to persuade him to take advantage of the homestead law, which was designed to permit Southern men to save a little during the Recon- struction pillage — 'but he would not. Instead of this, he sold everything to pay his creditors and lived in a two-room house without comforts until he died. ' ' In personal appearance Doctor Strudwick was attractive. He was exceedingly active and actually up to his final hours his energy was comparable to that of a dynamo. There was about him an intensity that was of itself commanding and over- powering. Underneath this exterior of rough force was a suppressed temperament that came from a humane and sympathetic heart, and that, let forth, was as gentle as the outward manner was firm. He never neglected a case. No matter how insignificant the ease, how poor the patient, how far the ride, he pursued it with the same zest. He never stopped for inclement weather or swollen streams. He braved the former and swam the latter. Obstacles only seemed to increase his zeal to press onward. His healthy body was a boon to Doctor Strudwick. Xever but once in the working period of his existence was he sick. This fine condition was aided also by his simple habits. He was not a big eater, and was extremely temper- ate. An oft repeated saying was 'I have never swallowed anything that I heard of afterwards.' He also had the gift of taking 'cat-naps' at any time or place. He frequently slept in his chair. He was an early riser his life long, the year around. One of his invariable rules — which illustrates the sort of stuff of which he was made — was to smoke six pipefulls of tobacco every morning after breakfast. He was a most insatiate consumer of tobacco, being practically never free from its influence. ' ' In politics Doctor Strudwick was an ardent whig, though he never sought nor held publie office. In religion he professed the creed of the Presbyterians and was an elder in the church. His interest in life and its affairs was forever keen and live, particularly in any project for the public good. He was everybody 's friend and an 108 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA absolute paragon of cheerfulness. Even during his sudden reverse of fortune his optimism never left him." What Doctor Eoyster regarded as the crowning incident in his history occurred when he was nearly sixty years of age. ' ' He was called to a neighbor- ing county to perform an operation. Leaving Hillsboro by rail he arrived at his station about midnight and was met by the physician who had summoned him. Together they got immediately into a buggy and set out for the patient 's house six miles in the country. It was dark and cold, the road was rough, the horse became frightened at some object, ran away, upset the buggy and threw the occupants out, stunning the country doctor and breaking Doctor Strudwick's leg just above the ankle. The latter after recovering crawled to the side of the road and sat with his back against a tree. In the meantime the other physician had managed to get into the buggy, drove to the patient 's home, where for a time he could give no account of himself or his com- panion. Coming out of his stupor he faintly remembered the occurrence and at once dispatched a messenger to the scene of the accident. Doctor Strudwick was still leaning against the tree. He got in, drove to the house without allowing his own lee to be dressed, and sitting on the bed operated upon the patient for strangulated hernia with a successful result. "What an inspiration is the life of such a man. Viewing it even from afar one cannot help seeing the sublime soul that was back of it all. He would have been no uncommon man in any age, in any place. It is to his surgical skill that extraordinary tribute must be mid. Were he living today, Edmund Strudwick would be the sursncal Sampson of our state. Indeed, it is doubtful if any of us equal him in the work with he essayed to do. In these days of wide possi- bilities his fame as a specialist in surgery would rank high. Such estimates are not overdrawn, for Doctor Strudwick 's position in his period was such as to admit of them and more." In 1828, two years after beginning practice, Doctor Strudwick married Ann Nash, whom he survived two vears. They had five children, two daughters and three sons, both daughters dying in infancy. Of the sons, Frederick N. became a well known lawyer, having been solicitor of the Fifth District and stood high in his profession before his death. The other two sons both followed their father 's profession. The youngest, Dr. Edmund Strudwick, Jr., practiced success- fully at Dayton, Alabama, where he died at the age of sixty-nine. The oldest son, Dr. William Strudwick, gained a substantial position in his father 's profession and followed it for manv years in the same com- munity, at Hillsboro. He died there at the age of seventy-seven, the same age at which his father had passed away. He was noted as a fluent conversationalist, a gracious host and a rare example of the doctor of the old school. Shepperd Strudwick, a resident of Hillsboro for many years, has been prominently identified with banking, industrial, and much of the import- ant business and public spirited activities of that town and of Orange County. While Mr. Strudwick has been essentially a business man, he represents a very prominent family of professional people. He is a grandson of the eminent pioneer surgeon of North Carolina, Dr. Edmund Strudwick, whose career in the sub- ject of a separate article on other pages. His father was also a prominent physician. Shepperd Strudwick was born at Hillsboro November 15, 1868, son of Dr. William Samuel and Caroline (Walters) Strudwick. His mother was of a prom- inent family of the Cape Fear district of North Carolina. Shepperd Strudwick was educated at first in a private school, spent two years in Horner's School at Oxford, and then entered the cotton offices of Eoyster & Strudwick. A year later he became bookkeeper for some cotton factors, and from 1885 to 1895 was engaged in the fertilizer and chemical industry. He spent three years at Richmond, Virginia, handling chemicals and fertilizing materials and another three years was located at Mount Pleasant, Tennessee, wncre he elm practically a pioneer work in developing phosphate mines, being secretary of the International Phosphate Company. Selling out his interests there he returned to his native city of Hillsboro and in 1905 organized the Bank of Orange, of which he has since been a director. He was also one of the organizers of the Bellvue Manufacturing Company, of whicli he is president, and is a director of the Orange Trust Company. Mr. Strudwick' has served as town commissioner and for several years was chairman of the Good Roads Committee and deserves considerable credit for the results already achieved in the construc- tion of improved highways in that part of the state. He is a member of the Orange County National Council for Detense. Mr. Strudwick is a charter member and director of the Commercial Club and is an elder in the Presbyterian church. June 20, 1895, he married Miss Susan Read, of Farmville, Virginia. They have three living children: Clement Read, Shepperd, Jr., and Ed- mund. Simon Justus Everett, of Greenville, is a law- yer by profession, but is in spirit and energy a practical business man, and has gained the repu- tation of being a citizen who touches nothing in a business way that he does not vitalize and benefit. While a man of many varied interests, he handles them all apparently with the ease and efficiency that most men have difficulty in equalling in a single undertaking. Mr. Everett was born at Hamilton, Martin County, North Carolina, March 4, 1877, a son of Justus and Elizabeth Margaret (Purvis) Everett. His father, who died in March, 1914, was a far- mer, planter, banker and merchant, and a man of wide prominence in his section of the state. He filled various public offices and was a com- missioner and justice of the peace of Martin County. Member of a family of means, Simon Justus Everett was liberally educated, attending the Ham- ilton High School, 'the Vine Hill Male Academy at Scotland Neck, and in 1902 graduated A. B. from the University of North Carolina. He also studied law there, and spent one summer as a law student in Columbia University of New Tork. He was licensed to practice in August, 1904, and has been a practicing attornev since January, 1905. In the meantime he had taught in high schools at Monroe and Salisbury, North Carolina, and for a time edited the Enterprise at Williamston, North Carolina. Mr. Everett was a resident of Wil- liamston until 1910, when he removed to Greenville and in this city has since directed his many inter- ests and affairs. Professionally he is a general ^^^-^-C^L^V HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 109 practitioner, but is also attorney for several banks, cotton mills and the County of Pitt. He is a director of the Greenville Cotton Mill, the Greenville Banking and Trust Company, the Bank of Oak City at Oak City, North Carolina, the Planters Bank at Stokes, and organized both of the latter institutions and also was instrumental in the reorganization of the Greenville Bank and Trust Company. He was one of the organizers of the Greenville Cotton Mills. Mr. Everett is also president of the Everett Estate, Incorporated, for the handling of his father 's property. He also has farming and real estate interests. In a public way he is chairman of the County Board of Elections for Pitt County, and of the Pitt County Federal Fool Administration of Pitt County, but anything that concerns the vital wel- fare of his home community is a matter of direct concern to Mr. Everett. He is chairman of the board of trustees of the Winterville High School, and is chairman of the building committee which is erecting a handsome $30,000 home for the Emanuel Baptist Church at Greenville. Mr. Ever- ett is a member of the American Bar Association and the Commercial Law League of America, is affiliated with the Masonic order, and in polities is a democrat. On January 1, 1907, at Scotland Neck, he mar- ried Miss Margaret Whitmore Shields, daughter of James G. and Margaret Shields. Her father was a Confederate soldier, afterwards followed farm- ing, and was a man of large means. Mr. and Mrs. Everett have two children: Simon Justus Everett, Jr., born October 12, 1907; and Margaret Shields Everett, born April 2, 1914. In the matter of ancestry Mr. Everett is of English descent. His father 's forefathers came from England and landed in Massachusetts prior to the Revolutionary war, and since then the people of the name have become distributed throughout that state, Virginia, and North Carolina. Thomas Finch Pettus. During the twelve years of its existence the buggy, wagon, harness, bicycle and implement business of the T. F. Pettus Company has grown from a commercial venture of small proportions to the position of being a necessary business adjunct of the City of Wilson, where, in its enlargement and exten- sion, it has kept pace wtih the rapid develop- ment, of this thriving City of Wilson County. The founder and owner of this business, Thomas Finch Pettus, is a man who has made his own oppor- tunities in the business world, and who has not been content to devote himself wholly to his own interests, for a large share of his energies have been diverted to the furtherance of the com- munity 's welfare. Mr. Pettus was born in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, April 13, 1876, and is a son of Thomas Finch and Mary (Jeffress) Pettus. His parents were agricultural people, and the youth, while growing up on the farm, secured his early edu- cation in the country schools, this later being sup- plemented by a three-months commercial course in a business college in Richmond, Virginia. With this latter training he was qualified for en- trance into business life, and when a young man he gave up all idea of following an agricultural career, starting, instead, in the leaf tobacco business, as bookkeeper for a concern in the vicinity of his home. On reaching his majority, in 1897. he came to Wilson, where he accepted a position with one of the enterprises which were entering the tobacco field here, and after spend- ing several years as bookkeeper was advanced to tne post ot buyer, which he neid until 1905. Mr. Pettus, however, was not satisfied to remain as an employe, and in 1905 became the proprietor of a business of his own when he founded the T. F. Pettus Company. His capital was not large at the start, but his energy was great, his de- termination strong and his ambition boundless, and through industry and able management of his affairs ne soon found himself in possession of a gratifying prosperous enterprise. As a re- ward for his hard and persistent work his estab- lishment has grown and developed to important proportions, and is now one of the leading firms of Wilson County dealing in wagons, buggies, harness, bicycles and farm implements. He car- ries a full line of modern goods in his field, and is the representative here of some of the leading manufacturing concerns. He is also interested in the Hackney Wagon Company. Since entering business affairs on his own ac- count, Mr. Pettus has steadfastly been one of the most helpful factors in the foundiug and maintenance of organizations which have con- tributed to Wilson 's commercial prestige. He was one of the organizers of the Wilson Rotary Club, an association of leading business men, of which he has been president since its inception. He has also been treasurer and a director of the Wilson Merchants ' Association since its or- ganization, and has been a director of the Wil- son Chamber of Commerce since 1910. His serv- ices have always been at the command of move- ments which have promised to benefit trade and commerce, and public-spirited movements of a civic nature have found him not lacking in his support. One of the organizers of the Planters Bank, he has held a position in its directory since the commencement of business by this in- stitution. He is a member of the Country Club. Mr. Pettus was married April 23, 1902, to Miss Sue Egerton Blount, daughter of George and Sal- lie Blount, of Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Pettus are members of the First Baptist Church, of which Mr. Pettus has been clerk and deacon since 1905. Judge Robert W. Winston. As an example of the great and good lawyer being one of the forces that move and control society, North Carolina can offer none better than the life and character of Judge R. W. Winston of Raleigh. As a terse and dignified estimate of his career the words used when Wake Forest College conferred upon him the degree LL. B. are especially appro- priate : ' ' Robert W. Winston, a graduate of the University of North Carolina; an eloquent speaker; a brilliant lawyer; an intrepid judge; a cultured and patriotic citizen, with varied gifts and cosmo- politan interests; in season and out of season giv- ing himself without stint and with marvelous effect to constructive work of his state and his people. It is my privilege to present this loyal and distin- guished son of our commonwealth for the degree of Doctor of Laws." Robert W. Winston was born in Windsor, North Carolina, in September, 1860. After completing his education at the Horner School and in the Uni- versity of North Carolina, he began practice at Oxford, where he was a partner of Judge A. W. Graham. In 1885 he served as state senator, and at the age of twenty-nine was elevated to the Su- perior Court bench. He left the bench in 1895 to locate in -Durham, where he was associated with 110 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA W. W. and Frank L. Fuller, his kinsmen, and after- wards was a partner of V. S. Bryant. On coming to Raleigh in 1909 Judge Winston became asso- ciated in practice with his former friend and college mate Gov. Charles B. Aycock. After the death of Governor Aycock he formed a partnership with Judge J. Crawford Biggs. In the volume and quality of his practice he is without doubt one of the strongest members of the bar in the South. He is the trusted counsel for many banks, insurance companies and corporations. His advice has been extensively sought in the set- tlement of large estates and in great financial transactions. It is a matter of interest to note that some of his first clients in Granville and Orange counties still employ his legal services. He does a general practice, and for years it has been his rule not to prosecute any litigation in the courts in which his will and conscience do not approve. His practice extends from the Trial Court to the Supreme Court, and through all the United States eourts. Judge Winston has had active and influential associations with all the larger movements for progress in North Carolina. He has served as president of the North Carolina Literary and His- torical Association, is a member of the North Car- olina Bar Association and the National Bar Asso- ciation, and through these and other organizations has accepted many opportunities to address the people of the South and further the cause of im- provement and enlightenment. Many of his ad- dresses have served a vital purpose in increasing state pride, in broadening the movement for the public welfare, and he has been and is closely interested in the work of the public schools, in the facilitation and improvement of court methods, in good roads, in encouraging a conscience in our literature, and in all those more modern improve- ments which affect the welfare and happiness of the rural districts. His home life has been ideal and it has been shared with a host of friends. His residence on Blount Street in Raleigh has been the center where men and women of literary and musical talents gather for recreation and pleasure. Judge Winston suffered a great bereavement four years ago in the death of his beloved wife and companion. He is the father of two sons and two daughters. James H. Winston, his oldest child, has gained distinction in the bar in the City of Chicago, and is a prominent member of one of the foremost firms of that city, Winston, Payne, Strawn & Shaw. His second son, R. W. Winston, Jr., is also a young attorney and a captain now preparing to join the forees of freedom in Europe. The daughters are Miss Gertrude, who married Frank B. Webb, of Durham; and Miss Amy, wife of Watts Carr, living at Durham, North Carolina. Since the United States entered the great war Judge Winston has thrown his time and means in with his country's. He has canvassed for Liberty bonds and in other ways has done his part. His son Robert W. resigned a ' ' bomb proof ' ' place as a member of the North Carolina Legislature to join the forces being now a captain of the Field Ar- tillery. Paul Cameron Graham is a lawyer at Durham. He has been a member of the North Carolina bar for a quarter of a century, and is widely known in several counties of the state. Mr. Graham has enjoyed some very distinctive places of trust and responsibility which are marks of thorough public esteem and confidence and an opportunity for public spirited service more than any personal emoluments. Mr. Graham was born December 5, 1869, son of John Washington and Kebecca B. (Cameron) Graham. He comes of a prominent old family of the state. His grandfather, Gen. Joseph Granam, was an officer in the Continental army and as commander of North Carolina troops took part in some of the battles of the Revolution fought around Charlotte. Mr. Graham through his mother is a great-grandson of a chief justice of North Carolina and one of the eminent lawyers of his time in the United States. John W. Gra- ham, his father, was for many years a successful attorney at Hillsboro, North Carolina. Paul C. Graham received his early education in private schools, attended Fray and Morton Academy at Baleigh, and from 1887 to 1891 was a student in the literary and law departments of the University of North Carolina. He was admitted to the bar in September, 1892, and then returned to Hillsboro and became a partner with his father in the firm of Graham & Graham. In January, 1895, he removed to Oxford, North Caro- lina, and in January, 1897, came to Durham, where he has been an active member of the bar for the past twenty years. During the first year the firm was Graham, Green & Graham, until the death of Mr. Fred Green. Since then it has been Graham & Graham. Mr. Graham served as chairman of the County Democratic Executive Committee during the Con- stitutional amendment campaign of 1900. From 1901 to 1905 he was county attorney, and dur- ing the same period was member of tne Board of Education of Durham County. From May, 1905, to May, 1909, he filled the office of mayor of Dur- ham for two terms. He is now in his third successive term as recorder of the Recorder 's Court at Durham, having begun his first term in January, 1915, and his third in January, 1918. Mr. Graham is an active member and former vestryman of St. Philip's Episcopal Church. November 19, 1901, he married Mary Courtenay Chestney of Macon, Georgia. Mrs. Graham is a daughter of Major Theodore O. and Kate P. (Murphey) Chestney, her father a prominent Georgia banker. Her great-grandfather was Archi- bald Debow, and she is a granddaughter of Capt. Peter Umstead Murphey, one of the gallant naval commanders of the Confederacy. He was com- mander of the Confederate Man of War Selma, and was captured during the battle of Mobile Bay. Mr. and Mrs. Graham have one daughter, Kate Chestney Graham. Solomon Gallert, a resident of North Caro- lina since 1890, is a northern man by birth and training. For a quarter of a century his name and reputation as a lawyer and leader in public affairs have been steadily growing, and he is well known over the state as well as in his home Town of Rutherfordton. Mr. Gallert was born at Waterville, Maine, Oc- tober 19, 1868, son of a substantial merchant of that place, David Gallert, and his wife, Rosalie Gallert. Solomon Gallert prepared for college in the Waterville Classical Institute. In 1888 he graduated from Colby University, now Colby Col- lege. Following his collegiate career he had some interesting experience in journalism, being staff correspondent for the Boston Globe in 1889, and for the Boston Advertiser in 1890. From there lie came to Rutherford County, North Carolina, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 111 and for several years was engaged in lumbering and gold mining.' He had in the meantime studied law, and was admitted to the North Carolina Bar in September, 1893. For fourteen months he was a partner with J. A. Forney, until the latter 's death in December, 1894. Since then he has con- ducted a general practice alone, and besides his large private clientage has served for many years as county or city attorney. In 1907 he was a member of the State Legislature, and almost con- tinuously since 1896 has been a member of the State Democratic Committee. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Kansas City in 1900, and to that at Denver, Colorado, in 19H8. Mr. Gallert served as commissary general on the military staff of Governors Aycoek and Glenn. He is an active member and also a student of Mason- ry and gives much of his time to that order. He is a Thirty-Second Degree Scottish Rite Mason, and as a Shriner was chosen representative to the Imperial Council of the Shrine of North America. He is also past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, past counsellor of the Junior Order United American Mechanics, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Phi Delta Theta college fraternity. Samuel Sanders Toler. Of the contracting builders of wide and well-established reputations who have contributed much to the past of Rocky Mount, and who, because of their superior per- sonal equipment and progressive ideas, may be counted on to share in the development of the future, particular mention is due Samuel Sanders Toler. The trade of building, of housing the people and enterprises which make up a com- munity, is not only one of the oldest known to man, but its ranks have included a far greater number than those of any other kind of skilled labor. There is no place in the civilized world where the builder is not an absolute necessity, and as the possibilities of the calling include few cross-cuts to wealth and influence, its followers al- most invariably are men of moderate and tem- perate habits, calm judgment and patient indus- try. Possessing genuine ability in his line of work, the journeyman advances to the highest compensations of his calling, in which event the remuneration often places him on a financial basis at par with successful men in other avenues of business endeavor. Mr. Toler undoubtedly be- longs to the most skilled, capable and intelli- gent class of contracting builders, and evidence of his ability and good workmanship abound on every side at Rocky Mount, although his opera- tions have also taken him to numerous other com- munities throughout the southeastern states, from Delaware to Florida. Samuel Sanders Toler was born in Johnston County, North Carolina, February 22, 1867, be- ing a son of Nathan and Dizy (Stevens) Toler. His parents were farming people and he remained on the home place until he was twenty-two years of age, in the meantime securing a limited edu- cation in the public schools and at Fremont Mil- itary Institute. As a young man he mastered the carpenter trade, and when he left the home- stead came to Rocky Mount, where he accepted a position with D. J. Rose, a contractor and builder of standing here, who took him into part- nership in 1900, under the firm style of D. J. Rose & Company. During the ten years that this association continued in existence the reputation of the firm extended all over this section, Mr. Toler being usually in charge of the construction end of the business, in which capacity he built the shops at South Rocky Mount, the Hales & Edwards Building, the residence of Judge Taylor, the Masonic Temple, the Bank of Rocisy MOuut Building, the Shore Building, the store of W. D. and O. A. Cochran, the Ricks Hotel, the Cam- bridge Hotel, and numerous other structures; factories lor the F. S. Royster Guano Company, the works of the Button Phosphate Company at Jacksonville, Florida, and numbers of buildings the completion of which called tor the expendi- ture of hundreds of thousands of dollars. In 1910 the partnership was dissolved and since that time Mr. Toler has continued alone, his op- erations as a contractor having gained him a position among the foremost men in his line in this part of the state. He built, among others, the \ oung Men 's Christian Association Building, the Textile Building, the buildings of the Agri- cultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh, and the residences of Dr. J. P. Battle, T. W. Cole- man and J. W. Hines. A writer, in comment- ing upon Mr. Toler 's success, has said: "In every case, Mr. Toler has conclusively proven that he has been equal to the situation, and that he has known how to satisfactorily complete the largest contracts, and, moreover, that he has known how to handle men. One tiling that has been characteristic of his work and partly accounts for the high esteem in which he is held by the business firms and corporations for which he has worked, is the fact that he so constructs his build- ings and other works that they not only may be satisfactory at the time of construction, but that in the future they may evidence that every toot of material and labor put into them was honest work. ' ' Mr. Toler has been financially successful and has a number of business interests. He is fraternally affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a man of strong and forceful personality and solid merits of character, and his standing in business circles is evidenced by the high esteem in which he is held by his associates and all those who have had business dealings with him in any way. He belongs to the Stony Creek Club, takes a help- ful interest in civic movements and the cause of education, and is a man who touehes and im- proves life on many sides. Mr. Toler was married December 22, 1896, to Miss Carrie E. Stevens, of Goldsboro, North Caro- lina, and they are the parents of three children: Carrie Louise, who is a student at Saint Mary's School, Raleigh; Samuel S., Jr., and William Henry. The beautiful family residence is lo- cated on Rose Street, in one of the finest resi- dential districts of the city. Hon. William T. Carter. A better known busi- ness man and citizen in Western North Carolina does not exist than William T. Carter of Winston- Salem. He was one of the early merchants at old Winston, and for a number of years has been head of the leading brick and tile manufacturing busi- ness in that city. He has also served his people faithfully as a' member of the Legislature, and his public spirit has been prominent in many ways. Mr. Carter was born on a farm near Spring Garden in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, November 30, 18o3. He is of worthy American ancestry. He 112 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA ' traces his lineage back to Thomas Carter, who with his two brothers Eobert and William emigrated from England and settled in Virginia in 1646. Mr. Carter 's grandfather married Rebecca Winn, and both of them spent all their lives in Virginia. Gapt. Eeuben H. Carter, father of William T., was* born near Halls Crossroads in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and as a youth learned the trade of tanner. For some years he operated a tannery in Pittsylvania County, subsequently bought a large farm reaching from White Oak River to the mountains and tended its fields with the aid of his numerous slaves. He served with the rank of cap- tain in the Virginia State Militia, and would have given his active service to the Confederate Govern- ment had it not been for ill health. He died in the spring of 1862, when only forty -nine years of age. Captain Carter married Pamelia Fallin. She was born in Halifax County, Virginia, and died in 1857. Her six children were named Mary, Eliza- beth, Phoebe, Robert, Reuben and William Thomas. William T. Carter was early left an orphan, being four at the time of his mother 's death and only nine when his father died. After the death of his father he went to the home of an uncle, with whom he lived until he was thirteen. There were many circumstances that conspired to limit his edu- cational opportunities, though such as there were he wisely improved and has benefited much by constant attendance in the school of experience. At the age of thirteen, going to Chatham, the county seat of Pittsylvania County, he laid the foundation of his business career by working as a clerk in a general store. Seven years were given to the duties of clerking, and with what he was able to save from his earnings he became an in- dependent merchant in his native, county. Under the firm name of William T. Carter & Company he carried a stock of general merchandise and was in business there until 1879, when he came to Win- ston, North Carolina. At Winston Mr. Carter engaged in the dry goods business under the name of Carter, Reeves & Com- pany. A year later he bought his partner's inter- est and was alone for three years. Other local mer- chants at the time were T. J. Brown and W. B. Carter. Mr. Carter finally consolidated all these interests under the firm name W. T. Carter & Com- pany. This firm flourished, developed its trade over a wide section of the surrounding country, and improved the stock until general merchandise was carried sufficient in quantity and classification to meet every demand made by the home or the farm. After seven years Mr. Carter sold his part in the W. T. Carter & Company and since then has been largely a manufacturer of brick. He began mak- ing brick and tile at Bethania Station, his partner being B. J. Shephard. In 1900, having bought Mr. Shephard's interest, he incorporated the Winston Brick & Tile Company. This company has a large investment in land, kilns and other equipment, and has supplied much of the demand for high grade brick and tile in this section of the state. Mr. Carter is president, treasurer and general manager of the company. Outside of business Mr. Carter is widely known over his part of the state for his leadership ill the democratic party. He cast his first presidential vote for Samuel J. Tilden in 1876. Before coming to North Carolina he served as deputy sheriff in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. In 1906 Mr. Carter was elected a member of the North Carolina Gen- eral Assembly, attending the regular session which convened in January, 1907, and the special session of 1908. He was a member of the committee on appropriations, town, city and county committee, public building committee, committee for the deaf, dumb and blind and the liquor traffic committee. Fraternally Mr. Carter is affiliated with Salem Lodge No. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and with Salem Encampment No. 20. On March 25, 1883, Mr. Carter married Miss Hattie Gaskins. Mrs. Carter died in 1884, and her only child died in infancy. On June 28, 1890, he married Mrs. Ada S. (Slater) Masten. Mrs. Carter, who is a woman of distinctive culture, is also a member of an old and prominent family of the South. She was born in Salisbury, North Carolina. Her grandfather, Fielding Slater, was a native of Maryland, when a young man came to North Carolina, locating in Rowan County, and there acquired a large plantation, which was operated with the aid of his slaves. He was also elected sheriff of the county, but died before his term expired. Fielding Slater married Alice Smith, daughter of Col. James Smith, who served with that rank and title in the American army during the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Carter 's father, James A. Slater, was born in Salisbury, fought with the North Carolina troops in the Confederate army, and was in Gen. Jubal Early's brigade. Following the war he removed to New York City, where for many years he was a successful merchant. In 1903, having retired, he came to Winston- Salem and lived with his daughter Mrs. Carter until his death in 1912, in his eightieth year. He married Adelia Von Ritter. She was a native of New York City, daughter of Carl and Charlotte Augusta (Wells) Von Ritter. Carl Von Ritter was a native of Wiirttemberg, Germany, came to America when a young man and was a merchant in New York City until his death. His wife was a native of New York, while her father, John Wells, came from Wales to this country when a young man and at New York City owned one or more vessels engaged in the foreign trade. His last years were spent in New York. Another connection of this family was the grandfather of Augusta Wells, Maj.-Gen. John Henry Tuttle, who was born on Long Island and took part as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Carter 's mother died at Raleigh, North Carolina, at the age of forty-nine, leaving four children: Ada, Henry Fielding, James H. and Florence Wells. Mrs. Carter married for her first husband Lee W. Masten. He was a native of Salem, North Carolina, son of Col. Joseph and Antoinette (Shultz) Masten. Lee W. Masten died at the age of fifty-four. Mrs. Carter reared one daughter by her first husband, Ada Lillie. This daughter married De Bruce Cutler, and both are now de- ceased. They left an infant daughter, Lillie Fielding Cutler, who is now being reared by her grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Carter. While Mrs. Carter is of the Episcopal faith, Mr. Carter is a prominent member of the First Baptist Church of Winston-Salem. He served as trustee of the local church for twenty-five years and as treasurer for fifteen years. When a young man he began teaching in the Sunday school, and was superintendent of the Baptist Sunday School at North Winston for several years. C. F. Will Rehder has one of the finest green- houses and floral businesses in North Carolina, located at Wilmington. He is an old and expert hand at the business, as were his father and mother before him. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 113 Born at Wilmington October 17, 1872, he is a son of Henry and Johanna (Koeper) Render. His father was a native of Bremen, Germany, and arrived in America October 26, 1856, and soon afterward located at "Wilmington, where he engaged in the grocery business. It was his wife, Mrs. Eehder, who started on a small scale the growing of llowers, and through her unusual skill and success in that line was developed the large Kehder floral industry. Will Eehder attended the public schools of Wilmington, for a time clerked in the general store of his brother J. H. Rehder, and he then spent two years in New York learning in all its details the florist business. On returning to Wil- mington he became associated with his father and mother in the greenhouse, and in 1905 pur- chased the business, which is now conducted as Will Rehder, Florist. His greenhouses have seventeen thousand square feet under glass and the service is taxed to the uttermost to meet the demands for the Rehder grown flowers. Mr. Rehder is not only a successful business man but is widely known in Wilmington through his social connections. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, of St. Johns Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Jefferson Lodge of the of the Knights of Pythias, the Royal Arcanum, the Germania Club, the Hanover Seaside Club, the Rotary Club and the German American Alliance. He and his family are communicants of St. Paul's Lutheran Church. In 1905, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, he married Miss Jessie C. Stewart. They have three children in their home: Jessie Clifford, Henry Burbank and William Stewart. John Davidson Brevard McLean, former sher- iff of Gaston County, is one of the leading repre- sentatives of a family that for nearly a century and a half has been identified with the community around Belmont. Mr. McLean 's fine farm and plantation is known as ' ' Seven Oaks ' ' and is lo- cated about seven miles south of Belmont. It was not far from his present home in South Point Township, Gaston County, that Mr. McLean was born in 1852. He is a son of Dr. John and Martha E. (Bigger) McLean. Besides his- own family name he bears the names that have a dis- tinction in North Carolina genealogy. His grand- father married a member of the noted Brevard family of Lincoln County, and through that family Mr. McLean is also connected with the Davidsons, and with the Alexander and Morrison families, all distinguished names in North Carolina. The McLean family of this state was founded by his great-grandfather, William McLean. He was of Scotch parentage, and on coming from Pennsylvania first located in what is now Robeson County, North Carolina. A few years before the Revolution he moved to what is now Gaston but was then Lincoln County. The locality where he established his home has been the scene in which the McLean family has lived ever since, for about 150 vears. The McLeans are a splendid race of people, betokening an origin of historic promi- nence in Scotland, and their record in North Caro- lina has lost them none of the prestige of ancient times. Before the war thev were extensive planters and slave owners, and nearlv all of the race have lived close to the soil. Mr. McLean's grandfather was Dr. William Mc- Lean, a prominent physician of early times. He was one of the Revolutionary patriots from Gas- . Vol. v— s ton, then a part of Lincoln County, and served as assistant surgeon with the American troops at the battle of King's Mountain. That famous Revo- lutionary battlefield was only a few miles from his home. Mr. McLean's father, Dr. John McLean, added to his duties and responsibilities as a planter the profession of physician. He practiced more than sixty years in Gaston County. He was one of the fine and upright characters of his day. The country doctor has been celebrated in literature, and justly so, and it had no better representa- tive in this section of North Carolina in the early days than Dr. John McLean. He practiced far and wide, rode horseback through all kinds of weather and over every class of roads, and in the absence of apothecaries he carried his medi- cines in the saddle bags. During the war he was beyond the age for active military service, but none the less proved his devotion to his country by attending to the women and children left at home and furnishing medical attention to wounded soldiers who returned from the front. The McLean locality, where several members of the family still live, is in the southeast part of Gaston County, between Catawba Creek and the South Fork River, near the South Carolina line. It is in South Point Township and about seven miles southwest of the Town of Belmont. Mr. McLean's fine plantation there consists of some- thing over 600 acres of land. He is a prosperous and high class farmer and knows his business in that line, as has been true of so many of his fam- ily and ancestors. Again and again he has been honored by his fellow citizens and has shown both efficiency and ability in offices of responsibility. In 1908 he was elected county commissioner, filling the post for two terms. In 1910 he was elected sheriff of Gaston County and was reelected in 1912, being a very efficient and very popular sheriff for four years. Mr. McLean married Miss Annie Erwin, of Chester County, South Carolina. Their seven chil- dren are named John D. McLean ; Dr. C. E. Mc- Lean, a physician; Mrs. Bessie King; Mrs. Edith Stringfellow; Mrs. Margaret Nichols; Mrs. Annie Guion ; and Mrs. Nellie McKenzie. The family are all active members of the Presbyterian Church. Neill A. Thompson, M. D. The profession of medicine is one of the oldest known to mankind, but it has been given to the physicians of the past half a. century to make more valuable dis- coveries and to reach greater heights of useful- ness than did all who went before them, eminent 1 hough they were. Wonderful scientific achieve- ments have startled the world and wrought mighty revolutions in the treatment and cure of diseases. Men of profound learning have spent their lives in research that has been rewarded by discovery, and even the most humble worker in the medical field is entitled to the applause and gratitude of mankind for the humane labor in which he is engaged. Prominent among the men who have raised the calling of medical and surgical sen-ice to a high plane in Robeson County is Dr. Neill A. Thompson, of Lumberton. whose career, stretch- ing over a period of more than twenty years, has been characterized by an ever-increasing success, and among whose numerous achievements has been the founding of the Thompson Hospital at Lumberton. of which he is now the owner. Doctor Thompson was born on a farm about 114 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA nine miles southwest of Lumberton, in Robeson County, North Carolina, in 1872, being a son of Neill A. and Julia A. (Smith) Thompson, both of whom are at present deceased. This family is of Scotch Irish origin, and is one of the oldest ones in the County of Robeson, where was born Jacob Thompson, the doctor 's grandfather. Ja- cob Thompson was a life long agriculturist and for some years carried on ■ operations on a farm which was located on the Lumber River, between Lumberton and Maxton, in Robeson county, and was known as the old Thompson Place. There he passed away, one of the highly esteemed and substantial men of his community. Neill A. Thompson, the elder, was born on the old Thomp- son place on the Lumber River in 1830, but in young manhood removed to a property about nine miles southwest of Lumberton. He had been reared as a farmer and made that his occupation until the outbreak of the war between the states, at which time he joined the forces of the Confed- eracy as a private in the Fifty-first Regiment, North Carolina Volunteer Infantry. He contin- ued to serve with this regiment throughout the period of the war and established an excellent record, as a faithful and courageous soldier. At the resuming of peace, he returned to his home in Robeson County and again took up planting, following that occupation until his retirement some years before his death, which occurred in 1908, when he was seventy-eight years of age. Mr. Thompson was widely and favorably known in the community in which he made his home for so many years, and his reputation was that of a sterling business man and public-spirited citizen, and a kind and considerate friend and neighbor. Mrs. Thompson, who was related to the Townsend family, which has been well known in Robeson County for many years, died in that county in 1913. The local schools of Robeson County furnished Neill A. Thompson with his preliminary educa- tional training, and his collegiate training was commenced at Davidson College, where he com- pleted the curriculum of the freshman and sopho- more years. He also studied for his calling in the medical department of Davidson College and completed his professional course at the Maryland Medical College, Baltimore, from which institu- tion he was graduated in 1905. Subsequently, Doctor Thompson took post-graduate work in gen- eral and operative surgery at the Marvland Post Graduate School and the New York Post. Grad- uate School of Medicine. His professional labors were commenced at Whiteville. the county seat of Columbus County, where he carried on a general practice for 9 1 ,^> years, and then came to his pres- ent place of residence, Lumberton, which has con- tinued to be his home without interruption. Here he built up a large general practice, and in 1906, having realized the need for an institution of the kind, established the Thompson Hospital, a high- class modern hospital of the best equipment and facilities for caring for all kinds of cases, but especially for those demanding surgery, a field in which Doctor Thompson specializes, and in which he has gained an enviable and something more than local reputation. He has made a splen- did success of his profession. The modern hospital is too often looked upon as a convenience or a luxury of the rich, but this theory is both in- jurious and unfounded. The modern hospital should be designated for what it is, not only the highest development of science for the alle- viation and cure of the swarming bodily ills of mankind, but a wonderful organization into which the best thought and experience of experts at work the world over have entered, and a great philanthropic enterprise. Doctor Thompson be- longs to the various organizations of his pro- fession and stands high in the esteem of his fel- low-practitioners. Doctor Thompson has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Sallie Townsend, who died in 1906, the daughter of Neill Townsend, of Robe- son County. By this marriage there are three daughters : Miss Sadie, who graduated from the Eastern Carolina Training School at Greenville, North Carolina, in 1918; Miss Ruth, who is a student at Flora Maedonald College, at Red Springs, this state; and Miss Julia, who is at- tending the public school at Lumberton. The present Mrs. Thompson was before her marriage Miss Catharine Monroe, a native of Cumberland County, North Carolina. Doctor and Mrs. Thomp- son have one son, Neill Archer, Jr. Burton Craige has gained an enviable reputa- tion as a lawyer, being a prominent member of the bar of North Carolina. Scotch hardihood and other sterling virtues of that race have distin- guished the Craiges since pioneer times. The lineage goes back in direct line to Archibald and Mary Craige, both of whom were natives of the Highlands of Scotland, living as tradition has it, in the Town of Inverness. Archibald Craige was a supporter of the beloved ' ' Prince Charles ' ' in his pretensions to the throne and when the Battle of Culloden dissipated and destroyed the hopes of his followers Archibald Craige was exiled from Scotland and settled in America on the Yadkin River in the wilds of what is now Rowan County, North Carolina, about 1750. He survived the hard- ships of this transplanting from his native land only a few years, dying May 20, 1758; but he established his family as one of the earliest and soon to be one of the largest property owners in the county. He was one of the first purchasers of lots in Salisbury and his oldest son married in the family of Hugh Foster who was one of Earl Granville 's township trustees for the 635 acres of land on which the town was built, the date of this deed being February 11, 1755. He left two sons, David and James, the latter of whom was sheriff of Rowan County, the southern boundary of which at that time being Earl Granville 's line, the northern, the Virginia line, the eastern, Anson County, including what is now Guilford and Randolph counties, and the western, as far as habitation extended. David, the next in direct line, married Polly Foster July 23, 1776, nineteen days after the Declaration of Independence, hav- ing been appointed, therefore, by the Colonial Congress, on Anril 16. 1776. as 2d lieutenant in the Colonial Militia. Wheeler 's History of North Carolina states, quoting his Colonel, William Temple Cole, that "he was distinguished for his bravery and patriotic daring. ' ' He bore an active and patriotic part in the struggle for independence and died in November, . 1784. David and James Craige appear on the record as the purchasers of considerable landed interests in Rowan County, which, in addition to the early grants of their father gave them a. good estate. Craige 's son David was born on January 27, 1780. David Craige married his cousin Mary Foster. Hon. Bur- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 115 toil Craige, the son of David Craige, junior, was the grandfather of Burton Craige, the subject of this sketch. Burton Craige, senior, was born on a plantation on the south fork of the Yadkin River five miles above Salisbury, in Eowan County, March 13, 1811, soon after -which his father died, leaving him a good estate. He was prepared for college at a private school taught by Rev. Jonathan Otis Freeman, and, following his graduation from the University of North Carolina in 1829, he edited the Western North Carolinian, at the same time, 'study- ing law with Judge D. F. Caldwell. Admitted to the bar in 1832, in that year he was elected a mem- ber of the State Legislature to represent Salis- bury and was one of the last Borough representatives from that town. He then spent a year abroad and returned to North Carolina to resume active practice and was eminently success- ful at the bar, taking foremost rank among the leading advocates of his day. In 1853 he was honored by election to Congress and was a member of Congress from North Carolina until 1861. In that year he was elected a delegate to the con- vention at Raleigh to pass upon the ordinance of secession, and he offered the ordinance which sub- sequently was adopted. As one of the leading men of North Carolina, at the time, he was elected to the first Confederate Congress, but at the ex- piration of his term he retired to private life and to the practice of his profession and died December 30, 1875. Hon. Burton Craige married Elizabeth (Phifer) Erwin, daughter of Col. James Erwin and his wife Margaret (Phifer) Erwin, and great- granddaughter of Gen. Matthew Locke and his wife who was the daughter of Richard Brandon, of Rowan County. Their son, Hon. Kerr Craige, father of Burton Craige, was born in Catawba County, North Carolina, March 14, 1843, where his parents had large landed interests. He was given all the advantages his early ambitions craved and after a preparatory course at Catawba College, entered the University of North Carolina. The war broke out before he had completed his university covirse, and in August, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company F of the First Regiment, North Caro- lina Cavalry. This regiment formed a part of Hampton's, later Gordon's Brigade of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was made sergeant and on October 1, 1861, promoted to second lieu- tenant. On his transfer to Company I, he was promoted to first lieutenant and then captain of the company. He was tendered the office of adjutant of the regiment by Col. Thomas Ruffin just a few days before that gallant officer was killed. He was appointed aide de camp to Gen. James B. Gordon and served under him until that com- mander 's death. The First North Carolina Cavalry was almost constantly in action and was distinguished for its dash and courage. Kerr Craige was himself an intrepid cavalry officer and was almost constantly engaged in hard scout- ing, skirmishing, and the larser battles in which his command participated. He had two horses shot under him while in the service. He and his com- mand were captured on April 3, 1865. and he remained a prisoner of war on Johnson 's Island, Lake Erie, until the following July. After the war Kerr Craige took up the studv of law under Chief Justice Pearson, and his father, with whom he was associated from 1867 until his father's death in 1875. Public promotion and honor came rapidlv. In 1870 he was elected reading clerk of the House of Representatives and at the nest election was selected to represent Rowan County. In 1884 he was chosen, without solicitation, demo- cratic, nominee for Congress in a district over- whelmingly democratic, but declined the nomi- nation. In 1887 he was appointed collector of internal revenue for the western district of North Carolina and in 1893 was called to Washington to become third assistant postmaster general in President Cleveland 's administration. For a number of years he was trustee of the University of North Carolina. For several years prior to his death in September, 1904, he was president of the First National Bank of Salisbury. He was not ambitious of public office but preferred the practice of his profession in which he was eminently successful and in which he took and held high rank until his death. He was married in 1871 to Josephine Branch, daughter of Gen. L. O'B. Branch and Nancy (Haywood) Branch, the latter being the daughter of Gen. William A. Blount and Nancy (Haywood) Blount and granddaughter of John Guy Blount and Mary (Harvey) Blount. General Branch was killed at Sharpsburg, being then ranking Brigadier General in A. P. Hill 's Corps, Jackson 's Division. Their seven children were: Nannie, who died in 1898; Burton Branch, an eminent physician of El Paso, Texas; Josephine, who married Dr. Clarence Kluttz; Elizabeth, who married John E. Ramsay; Kerr, and William, who died in infancy. Burton Craige was born at Salisbury in Rowan County December 23, 1875, was educated in private and public schools and at the age of fourteen entered Davis Military Academy at Winston, and was then prepared for college at Horner 's Mili- tary Academy in Oxford. Entering the University of North Carolina, he was graduated with high honors in 1897. His first active experience after leaving the university was in newspaper work, and subsequently he was instructor in Horner Military Academy. He read law under Kerr Craige, his father and also at the University Law School and after being licensed was associated with his father until his death in 1904. He served a term in the Legislature representing Rowan County and has since enjoyed an extensive and varied practice being now associated in the practice of the law with his brother Kerr Craiee who maintains offices at Salis- bury, North Carolina, and being also a member of the firm of Craige & Vogler at Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he takes an active interest in the life of that community. Burton Crai«e was married November 9, 1911. to Jane Caroline Henderson Boyden. She is a daugh- ter of Archibald Henderson and May Wheat (Sho- ber) Boyden. Mr. and Mrs. Craige have had three children : Burton, who recently died, and Jane ami Archibald, who are still living. Benehan Cameron, a gentleman of the old school by instinct and associations, a lawyer by trainine, Benehan Cameron, of Stagville, has found his greatest joy in tasks of large and broad accomplishment, as a farmer, a leader in countrv life movements, a builder of highways and rail- ways, and a consistent and constant worker for the public good through all his varied relation- shins with his home community, his state and the nation at large. He owns and occupies the old family seat of Fairntosh at Stagville in Durham County. He was born there September 9, 1854, son of Paul Carrineton and Anne (Ruffin) Cameron. He ; s descended from Scotch Highlanders of the famous 116 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Cameron elan. His great-grandfather, the Rev. John Cameron, was a minister of the Church of England and located at Petersburg, Virgiria, in 1771. He was a local preacher for some years and afterwards was supervising clergyman of the state of Virginia. Judge Duncan Cameron, son of Rev. Mr. Camer- on married Miss Benehan, of Orange County, North Carolina, and was the founder of the Fairn- tosh country estate at Stagville. Benehan Cameron is a fortunate man not only as to the inheritance and environment to which he was born but by reason of the possession of abilities and ambition that have made him a dis- tinctive leader among men. He was liberally edu- cated, attending successively the Hughes School, the Horner Military Academy, the Eastman Busi- ness College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and the Virginia Military Institute. He was graduated from the last named institution in 1875. Two .years later he was admitted to the bar, but never took up practice. The one pursuit which he has steadily main- tained since early youth has been farming. He has made Pairntosh one of the most beautiful as well as one of the most progressively managed farms of North Carolina. What he has done as an agri- culturist has not been altogether for personal profit. It has served as an inspiration and source of encouragement to the farmers and stock raisers of the state and many a successful experiment has been carried out at Pairntosh to demonstrate new and improved methods of handling the resources of the soil. He has served as president of the Farmers National Congress, and due to his influence that Congress met at Raleigh in 1909. He is also a director of the Southern Cotton Growers Protec- tive Association and of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. He has been president of the North Carolina State Agricultural Society. A great many people know him best as a rail- way builder and official. He was interested in the building of the Lynchburg & Durham Railway, the Oxford & Clarksville Railroad, the Durham & Northern Railroads and the Knoxville & Dieker- son branch line; was one of the organizers of the Seaboard Air Line Railway Company, was a director in the Raleigh and Augusta Air Lines, and served as president from 1911 to 1913 of the North Carolina Railroad. His financial assistance has also gone to support some of the leading industries of North Carolina. In the nation-wide movement for the building of good roads there has been no abler champion in all the South than Colonel Cameron. Through every avenue of his influence he has sought to build good roads, not only locally but as part of a general scheme of national progress. While representing Durham County in the Legislature in 1913 he procured the passage of the bill pro- viding for the Central Highway of North Caro- lina. This highway extends from Morehead City on the Atlantic. Coast to the Tennessee line across the Blue Ridge Mountains, connection with the Southern National Highway, a continuous road from Washington, D. C, to San Diego, California. It was Colonel Cameron who conceived the idea of the great highway through the South which resulted in the building of the Southern National Highway, of which he is vice president. He was one of those who explored this route by automo- bile. Colonel Cameron is one of the organizers and a director in the Quebec-Miami International Highway, which connects with the Southern National Highway, and is part of a large and comprehensive circuit of automobile highways extending from Quebec to the eastern, southern and western states around to Vancouver, British Columbia, Another feature of his legislative record was his authorship of the bill establishing the North Carolina Highway Commission, of of which he is a member. He is a director of the American Automobile Association; is vice president of the North Caro- lina Sons of the American Revolution; a member of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati; ex-president of the Scottish Society of America. For years he has taken an active interest in North Carolina military organizations, has served as captain of the Orange County Guards and was a member of the staff of Governors Vance, Jarvis and Scales with the rank of captain, and on the staffs of Governors Fowle, Holt and Carr with the rank of colonel. Colonel Cameron recently became a candidate for the State Senate from the districts composed of Durham, Orange, Alamance and Caswell counties. In 1891 he married Miss Sallie T. Mayo, of Richmond, Virginia. Their two daughters are Isabelle M. and Sallie T. Cameron. Benjamin Franklin Keith, Sk., son of Will- iam and Margaret Larkins Keith, was born May 20, 1820, near Moores Creek Battle Ground. He died January 15, 1895, near Keith, North Carolina, and is buried at Bethlehem Church. He was of noble Scottish descent. As the his- torian Buchan says in writing of the noble family of Keiths, they were one of the most noted fam- ilies 'Scotland ever produced — noted for their fine diplomacy, honesty, justice and bravery. The grandfather, William Keith, landed at Fernandina, Florida, when his son William was an infant. William Keith ■ and wife with two other sons and one daughter, Lydia, first settled on the St. Mary 's River in Florida. They finally made their way into South Carolina, near Charles- ton. During the Revolution William, Jr., was a lad of sixteen years, and with his father was fighting with Marion's army when the war closed. William, Jr., though but sixteen years old, was designated by General Marion to grind meal at an old water mill near Marion, South Carolina. He ground at this mill day and night until the rocks finally became so hot that they crumbled like clay. Finally coming to the Cape Fear section of North Carolina soon after the war he and his two brothers entered large tracts of laud from Southport to where Newberlin is today and in the Lyon Swamp section, now Pender County. His last home was near Moores Creek Battle Ground, between Moores Creek and Caledonia, the latter place he having named after the old Keith home in Scotland. B. F. Keith, the subject of this sketch, was only fifteen years old when his father died. The coun- try being almost uninhabited at this time the ad- vantages of schooling were very limited. Conse- quently this branch of the family was deprived of the privileges of his progenitors when for 700 years the family held the most important office -.'fter the king of Scotland, that of Earl of Mari- chal. But being a great student and reader he acquired a fair education and was capable of fine business qualities. He was open and noble in his character and his life was such as to prove ^.^7i HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 117 that noble ancestors' blessings will follow their children. He was kindhearted and spurned every- thing that pertained to dishonesty and littleness. He always said it was no disgrace to be poor if honor and frugality accompanied it, as for- tune had wings and could soon fly away. He knew how his kindred in Scotland had lost their vast estates as well as himself during the war between the states. He was married three times. His first wife was a daughter of Mr. J. L. Corbitt, with whom he was associated in business at Wilmington in later years. He had one son by this marriage, William C. Keith. After her death he marr.ied Mrs. Mary Pridgen Marshall. He then moved back to the country where he was born. He had three chil- dren by this union, two daughters, Hattie and Eliza, and one son, B. F. Keith, Jr. After her death he married a daughter of Mr. J. R. Cor- bett. There are no children by this marriage. His last wife, Mrs. Martha Keith, is still living at the ripe old age of eighty-three years. He and his brother William were not in favor of the Civil war, thinking a compromise would be better, still a devotion to their homeland caused them to take up arms in its defense. While the older brother was too old to join the regular army he volunteered, leaving his large estate in charge of his overseer. He died suddenly at Fort Fisher without having married. The subject of this sketch, B. F. Keith, served throughout the war in the commissary depart- ment. He was captured at Lumberton and marched through the country to Newbern, where he was transported to Point Lookout. There he was kept a prisoner nearly a year after the war had closed. When he returned to his home broken in health and spirits he saw nothing of the beauty and luxuries that he formerly had, his slaves all being free and nothing left but his farm and old debts that had accumulated during slavery for securities, etc. Only having his farm and home left, with his health broken and heavy debts worrying his mind, it was enough to discourage the strongest. When his creditors began to pile in he told them to take what he had, as he would not take advantage of the bankruptcy oath, as many of his friends advised him, but told them if they would wait he would give them all that could be made on his farm except a fru- gal living for his family. About twelve or fifteen years after the close of the war he had paid 100 cents on the dollar on all that he owed. Though having been almost an invalid all this time, he having seen his farm but a few times after the first few years he was fortunate in having a son, though young, to manage it, and through provi- dence he always raised fine crops. His name was a synonym for honesty in his community. His measures and weights were never disputed but always commended. Those who knew him best and were capable saw the finer qualities that it takes to make a gentleman. He carried no malice in his heart towards anyone. In his older days he and his old pastor. Rev." Julian Faison, one of the noble of the noblest, were so much attached to each other that they were called sweethearts in their community. They knew and loved each other as men seldom do. " When beggars entered his home they were as cordially received as any one that entered and were the first to be served at the table. Thus lived and died one of the noble characters of our country. Benjamin Franklin Keith. The important materials of biography are not mere dates and achievements, but the records of experience, and especially those experiences which bring out and test human character. It is man 's reaction to his environment and circumstances that furnish interest to his personality and life. An individual career that may be read with profit in the light of the preceding statements is that of Benjamin Franklin Keith of Keith, Pen- der County. Even judged by the ordinary stan- dards he is one of the men of prominence in the state. He is a large planter and land owner, is accredited with much of the agricultural and in- dustrial development of the Lower Cape Fear sec- tion, being in particular the originator of the Lyon Swamp Drainage District, under which a large body of rich land has been brought under cultivation. During his residence at Wilmington in former years Mr. Keith was a prominent whole- sale merchant, served as collector of customs, as a city official, and was a determined and resolute leader in many of the important movements in city life. He was born March 31, 1858. His birthplace was three miles from his present home, near the Black River in the southwest part of what is now Pender County, but formerly New Hanover County. He is a son of Benjamin Franklin and Mary (Pridgen-Marshall) Keith. He is a de- scendant of the Keiths of noble Scotch lineage. Their ancestral home was Donnough Castle near Aberdeen. The Keiths were and are a race of strong and powerful people, and have been valiant fighters in all the wars. Sirs James, William and John Keith and other leaders of the clan were influential in the courts of Spain, Russia, Prussia, and other European monarchies of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and helped mold the destinies of modern Europe. The name William was always given to the eldest son of the Keith families. Soon after the fall of the House of Stuart, with whose fortunes the Keiths were closely affiliated the great-grandfather of Benjamin F. Keith brought his family to America. This ancestor was of the same family that kept the seal of Scotland at Donnough Castle for centuries. He finally landed on American soil at Fernandina, Florida. William Keith, grandfather of Benja- man F., was born only a day or two either prior to or following this landing. A part of the family moved northward to South Carolina, and William Keith's father was a patriot Revolutionary sol- dier under General Marion, the "Swamp Fox" of the Revolution. William Keith himself, a boy of only sixteen, was miller boy for General Marion 's army, and at a small and crudely built grist mill near Darlington, South Carolina, ground the corn and wheat until the stones were crumbled almost entirely to dust. About 1800 William Keith came to the Lower Cape Fear District of North Carolina and entered large tracts of land. Among others he entered about two square miles of land in New Hanover County, in what is now the Lyon Swamp Drainage District, about thirty miles above Wilmington. Near here his son Benjamin Franklin and his grandson Benjamin Franklin, Jr., were both born, and that locality has been the home of the Keiths continuously for over a century, since 1800. Benjamin Franklin Keith, Sr., was born in the locality mentioned in 1820. The creek nearby, emptying into Black River, was called Caledonia 118 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Creek in honor of the ancestral home of the Keiths in Scotland. This locality is within a short distance of the Moore's Creek Battle Ground, where the first decisive battle of the American Revolution was fought in February, 1776. Ben- jamin Franklin Keith, Sr., was a soldier in the Confederate Army throughout the war and an officer in the commissary department. He was captured at Lumberton, North Carolina, and was held a prisoner at Point Lookout for several months after the war closed. He died January 15, 1895. Mr. Benjamin Franklin Keith, Jr., was only an infant when his mother died. He was seven years old when the war closed. Thus he was introduced to life at a time when the fortunes of the South were shattered and when many men had neither physical resources nor the courage to restore the land that had been devastated. In those critical times Mr. Keith plowed in the field barefooted until his feet were so sore and his body so full of aches and pains that only the re- sisting power of youthful blood enabled him to sleep and go on at his work from day to day. He grew up at a time when there was no money in the country, no industries to furnish employ- ment, and prices for farm products so low as to debase agriculture to a plane from which it has been redeemed only by the remarkable prosperity of recent years. His father, a typical big-hearted and generous man, had been practically ruined not ouly by the fortunes of war but also by going on security and other debts contracted when he bad slaves. Benjamin Keith, Jr., was about nine- teen or twenty years old when the last of his father's serious obligations had been met and paid, 100 cents on the dollar niqst of them with in- terest. Having contributed his own services to the fam- ily so long, Mr. Keith then determined to take advantage of whatever opportunity there was to secure an adequate education. Up to that time he had had intermittent schooling in local country schools. With about $20 in cash, which he had saved, he went to Warsaw in Duplin County and for what tuition he could not pay down he went in debt and was enrolled as a student of the school conducted by Dr. J. N. Stallings and Fleet- rose Cooper. He remained in that school mostly on ' ' credit ' ' for about two years. While there he prepared for college. But the hard work of his earlier youth and his strenuous diligence as a student brought about a serious breakdown of health and physicians advised him that he could not live if he continued in school. It was his plan to enter Wake Forest College, but this cher- ished purpose had to be abandoned. Returning home, he resumed work on the farm. However, under the advise of his able and conscientious tutors at Warsaw he supplied himself with suita- ble books and literature and continued self-study at home, with the result that in time he became a. well educated man, a fluent and forceful writer, and an effective public speaker. In 1882 Mr. Keith moved to Wilmington, a city where he was destined to become a successful and prominent merchant and a leader in civic affairs, and for a time at least he made himself one of the most admired and most cordially hated citi- zens. The first three months there he was book- keeper in the. general offices of the Singer Sewing Machine Company. He went into business for himself as a commission merchant, and along this line his success was pronounced. His business grew and gradually expanded throughout a wider field as a wholesale grocery house under the name B. F. Keith Company. Mr. Keith built up a great trade, handling specialities in connection with gro- ceries, throughout, the Wilmington commercial ter- ritory, kept several traveling salesmen and brokers on the road, and was recognized as one of the big merchants of North Carolina. His success was due to the employment of modern business meth- ods, and in all his career hrs name has been a synonym for enterprise and progressiveness. He also branched out into other lines. For a number of years he was prominent in the shingle industry, developed a large local trade and also went into the export business. For a time he practically controlled the shingle trade of Wilmington. It was his custom to charter vessels and ship shingles to the West Indies, bringing back carloads of fruit for his commission and grocery establish- ment. On retiring from commercial life Mr. Keith in 1904 was appointed collector of customs for the Port of Wilmington by President Roosevelt. He was reappointed by President Taft and served in that position 12% years, until 1913. His serv- ices as customs collector were marked by the same activity and energy that had characterized his individual business. He made a number of trips to New York and other northern seaport cities and was instrumental in diverting ocean going traffic to the port at Wilmington which had" pre* viously gone to other ports. Thus he was an im- portant factor in developing the great volume of commerce that now goes in and out of Wilming- ton. It was in recognition of this rapidly in- creasing importance of Wilmington as a port that Mr. Keith secured, after the expenditure of much time and effort, an appropriation of $600 000 from Congress to build the present new custom house at Wilmington, a stately and magnificent public building, one of the finest government structures in the country, and a source of par- ticular pride to the people of Wilmington. Dur- l 'f ™ t ."" elve y ears he 1T *>s collector of the port of Wilmington, North Carolina, the office was never better managed, so the public said and the receipts increased 425 per cent during this period. Ine following is what our principal historian, Dr. James Sprunt, in his book, "The Cape Fear Chronicles," in speaking of the new custom house says: After serving for over twelve vears as collector of customs, Mr. Keith with persistent dogged determination and constant effort suc- ceeded in getting $600,000 in all for the new custom house. In his retirement to private life with clean hands Mr. Keith is entitled to the commendation 'well done' by an appreciative public' For a while Mr. Keith was a member of the board ot aldermen of Wilmington. As head of some of its committees he worked steadilv for public improvement and especiallv those improve- ments that raised Wilmington from the countrv town class to a city of metropolitan proportions. Much credit is due him for the establishment of Wilmington s first paid fire department, its equip- ment with fire apparatus, and its operation bv professional firemen. His constructive leadership also deserves credit for starting the covering of many of the old shell paved streets with modern pavings. He was the original advocate at Wil- mington of municipally owned waterworks and other public utilities. He battled for these and other reforms and improvements in the face of HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 119 what was often violent opposition on the part of selfish and unprogressive citizens. But detraction and opposition have never served to turn Mr. Keith from a course which he believed to be right and for the best advantage of all concerned. In order to give expression to his progressive ideals he established a weekly paper known as The New Era, which he owned and edited for sev- eral years. After retiring from the wholesale grocery and commission business Mr. Keith made extensive experiments with ground phosphate of lime as a fertilizer. These experiments were conducted with a view to proving its desirability over the burnt lime which for years had been employed as a fertilizer ingredient throughout the South. His results proved that the ground phosphate was ideal in many respects and had none of the ob- jections alleged to burnt lime. His characteris- tic energy then caused him to establish a mill for grinding lime, and he thus became as far as known, the originator of the present industry in the United States. He successfully and exten- sively manufactured this product until the break- ing "out of the World war put a stop to such in- dustries. His plant was at Neil 's Eddy on the Cape Fear River in Columbus County, not far from the Town of Acme on the Seaboard Air Line Railroad. This business was conducted un- der the name B. F. Keith Company and supplied a large demand in commercial fertilizers. The phosphate of lime for the grinding was obtained from extensive deposits of the material on Mr. Keith 's own lands in the vicinity of the plant. This useful industry, which furnished a large total of much needed fertilizer to the farmers of the South, was begun in 1900 and continued for fourteen years, until 1914. Mr. Keith 's lands in that vicinity contain extensive deposits of blue marl, another source of valuable fertilizer ingre- dient. Reference has already been made to the Lyon Swamp Drainage District, in the formation of which Mr. Keith was the originator and leader. The movement reclaimed and made tillable a large body of the richest agricultural lands in the state. Preparatory to launching the movement, Mr. Keith made trips to Ohio, Indiana and Illi- nois, and investigated some of the famous drain- age districts of those states. What he saw and learned convinced him that such projects were feasible and in fact indispensible to the con- tinued future development of North Carolina, es- pecially in the eastern counties. The organization of the Lyon Swamp Drainage District was begun in 1907 and in about three years the project was completed. The Lyon Swamp lies between the Black and Cape Fear rivers in Pender and Bladen counties. The main canal extends for seventeen miles through the swamp, is from twenty to twenty-four feet wide and from nine to eleven feet deep. The main swamp embraces 10,500 acres of land, but a large additional acreage is subject to drainage by means of the watershed. As this enterprise has served to ' ' make a blade of grass grow where none grew before, ' ' its value and importance can correspondingly be appreci- ated. For many years Mr. Keith had studied and realized the possibilities of such development and it was obviously a source of great gratification when the plans were carried out. In connection he also put into practice some ideas about forestry, a subject in which he has been deeply interested for a long time. It was largely the recommendation of Doctor Pratt, head or uie Otate ueparuuent oi forestry ami j.\ecia- mauuii, aiong vvixn many otner foresters, that urougut auout tne necessary legislation Ironi the ireneral Assembly. The financing of the Lyon Swamp project was successfully carried out un- der in. xveitn s management, and while its gen- eral value and purpose is now everywnere recog- nized tne actual construction aroused vigorous opposition ijecauae oi seinsnness anu ignorance, tne same toes Mr. Keith has had to right on other occasions. Ml. Keith is chairman or the board of commissioners of the drainage district. The land tnat nad been reclaimed and cleared pro- duced from lorty to seventy-five bushels of corn to the acre and from a bale to a bale and a half of cotton per acre. Farmers have been known to pay tor tueir land by one year's crop. \\ mle it is of minor importance, as measured by his other activities, one of the interesting in- dustries of the Keith farm is the Colly Mill. This produces a fine grade of water ground meal from select corn, a corn meal that has been highly praised and recommended by health authorities in recent years. The mill also has equipment for sawing lumber, but the only use for that purpose is to make lumber used oy Mr. Keith himself and neighbors. The meal, however, is sold and widely distributed. The mill is on (Jolly Creek, a branch of the Black River, and about a mile above the Keith home. Much of the interest that surrounds it is due to its history. It was a mill even during the Revolutionary war. Englishmen built it in the first place, and when the Revolu- tion was in progress its wheels and machinery sawed lumber as well as ground corn. It was at this mill that Mr. Keith 's great-grandfather on his father's mother's side, Capt. John Larkins, a Patriot American officer, was captured by the tories and kept in a " bull pen ' ' for some time. A number of years ago Mr. Keith bought this mill property and spent a part of three years in rebuilding and re-equiping it. The dam is % of a mile long and into the frame work of its construction entered about 200,000 feet of lumber, chiefly cypress. Mr. Keith personally owns large tracts of land, both timbered and cleared, in the vicinity of which his home is the center. Much of it is with- in the Lyon Swamp Drainage District. His main farm for general agricultural purposes is the Lyon Swamp Farm, three miles above his resi- dence, containing about 1,500 acres, some 500 acres being cleared and in cultivation. On his different farms he produced abundant crops of cotton, corn, hay and other crops. The place on which his home, Caledonia, is situated com- prises about 400 acres. He owns large tracts on the Cape I'ear River in Brunswick, Columbus and Pender counties, and taken altogether is one of the large land owners and planters in this part of the state. The tract where the Colly Mill is situated consists of about 1,200 acres, covered with a fine second growth of cypress trees that has attained about the size of telephone poles. Mr. Keith has made his home on the Keith Farm since 1913. His beautiful home, Caledonia, is on the banks of the Black River, situated in the southwest part of Pender County, four miles west of Currie on the Atlantic Coast Line, and about twenty miles northwest of Wilmington. The residence is a handsome and commodious structure, of pleasing and even Impressive architecture, and 120 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA is three stories in height. It is equipped with modern conveniences, electric lights, water system, sewerage and is an ideal country home. The house was built under his direct supervision. The tim- ber was selected by him from his own forests, and none but the best and most lasting materials went into its construction. There is a boat land- ing on the Black River right at his lawn, and a beautiful park a short distance from iis resi- dence, occupying the most prominent viewpoint of the river, is' another prominent feature. He has a gasoline launch for the pleasures of the river and the estate comprises a natural game preserve for wild turkeys, squirrels, quail and other game. His gardens and orchards produce abundance of fruits and vegetables in season, which are canned and preserved for other months of the year. This record so far has indicated some of the points emphasized at the beginning as evidence of how Mr. Keith has made his clear sighted ideals predominate over material and personal circum- stances. That part of his character stands out particularly prominent in his record in politics and public affairs. He has always had advanced and progressive ideals. In political faith his fam- ily for generations have been democrats. But it is characteristic of Mr. Keith that he would not be held nor bound down by traditional precedence. Following the leading of his own ideas and judg- ment he left the democratic party in the late '90s and turned republican. In a city and state like Wilmington and North Carolina, where tra- ditional party ties are held so strongly, such a conversion in politics is certain to arouse hos- tility, suspicion, and often bring about alienation from long standing friendships. These results were accentuated in the case of Mr. Keith because of his active leadership in civic and municipal af- fairs at Wilmington. Old time partisans did not hesitate to go outside political lines to fight him, but even made it a personal matter and finally there came an acute stage where his wholesale mercantile business, then at the height of its prosperity, was subjected to so many reports and defamations proceeding from enemy sources as to amount practically to boycott and blackmail. The climax was reached in the race riots of 1898, when not only was Mr. Keith 's business threatened with destruction but his life as well. Although these sensational events compelled Mr. Keith to abandon his mercantile work at Wilmington, they did not in the least baffle him personally, and he remained at his post night and day, unafraid and ready at every moment to meet all comers. Cour- age is one of the ancestral traits of the Keiths and its quality has never been lacking in any situ- ation in which Mr. Keith has been placed. Even in the face of the destruction of his business and life work he never made the slightest com- promise of his principles during that tragic peri- od. He has remained an adherent of the pro- gressive wine of the republican party, and during the year 1918 was prominently mentioned as that party's candidate for Congress. Mr. Keith was larp-elv instrumental in having President Taft visit Wilmington one full day during his term of presi- dency. Personally Mr. Keith is a man of most rest- less enerev, always busy, and always having some- thing useful to accomplish. For all that and for the long record of achievements briefly noted above he has borne up under frail health since boyhood. During several periods of enforced con- finements in hospitals he has gratified his natural taste for literary composition by writing poems. Some of his close friends have cherished and ad- mired these verses, a few of which have been printed, and one of which ' ' Caledonia ' ' follows this sketch. Mr. Keith married at Wilmington. Miss Lillian Rulfs, a native of that eity. They have eight children: B. F. Keith, Jr.; Lila, wife of Mr. Julius Smith; Miss Adeline; Julian; Marion; Frederick; James and Theodore Keith. "CALEDONIA" Oh, sweet old Caledonia, the sacred home, Where the passing river kisses the sacred shore, The land where sacred memories dwell, With its forest tinged with beauty throwing kisses to the skies. No, we can never forget the beautiful Caledonia, Never while life ebbs and flows on earth, For such sacred places have their finals in Heaven, Then why not rejoice when its beauty is so sublime ? Oh, sweet Caledonia, where the sun and moon First peep from the East out in their radiant light, Will ever hold the place next to eternal life, May its beauty and sacredness ever hold the key of right. Sweet Caledonia, the home nearest to the skies, Where the beautiful old river goes gleaming by, Noted for its traffic as with fish and game, Where the anglers and hunters can find no complaint. The flowing Spring at old Caledonia, always so pure and sweet, Brings us back to the sweet, innocent days of our youth, Where pain and sorrow had no light in our life, Where the sun, moon and stars were the light so beautiful and bright. Old Caledonia was the sweet home on Scotland 's heights, Where the first Earl Mariehal saw first the light, For centuries there the Seal of Scotland was kept right, Until the love of liberty gave the chatties new life and light. Thence to America some did flee for liberty and rights, While others to Spain, Bussia and Prussia, There to give counsel to the kings and rulers of their day, Holding the highest positions in all their day. Those to America have always been true to their adopted home, The young lads, with their dads, shoulder their guns, When the Revolution was over, we had won, Battled, with bare feet, lads along with their dads. Caledonia, for centuries the home of our noble sires, Until no more in old Scotland, beautiful land, Now transplanted on Caledonia Creek in Carolina, Where for century its sacredness held by noble descendants of William Catti. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 121 Oh, sing of sweet Caledonia the sacred place, It's home the child should learn to love, It brings love and tenderness to dear ones Whose toils and anxiety have worn them away. — Benjamin Franklin Keith. Howard M. Howe, who is serving his second term as sheriff of Wilson County, was born at Wilson, North Carolina, September 3, 1867. His parents were Thomas Jefferson and Edith Jane (Barnes) Howe. During tue war between the states Thomas Jefferson Rowe enlisted for mili- tary service, becoming a member of the Forty- second North Carolina Confederate Volunteer In- fantry and later served in the eavah-y under Gens. Hoke Smith and Wade Hampton. In the Battle of Burgess Hill, near Richmond, Virginia, Mr. Rowe was seriously wounded in the leg and through the cruel neglect that left him uncared for on the battle tield for three days his leg had to be am- putated. No one of a younger generation can think calmly of the agonies that their fathers endured during that long struggle because of medical and surgical lack of knowledge and be- cause lagging science had not yet discovered the marvelous methods and ameliorations of today. Mr. Kowe passed away Easter Sunday, 1901. He was one of Wilson 's honored citizens. In 1870 he was elected register of deeds for Wilson Coun- ty and served continuously for live terms and then declined re-election. Howard May Bowe was primarily educated in the Maggie Hearne Private School, where he was prepared for college and in 1884 entered the University of North Carolina. He afterward be- came identified with the Southern Express Com- pany and was messenger at Norfolk, Virginia, for two months and later was stationed at Rich- mond, Raleigh, Hamlet and Charlotte, his last station being at Atlanta, Georgia. In 1903 Mr. Rowe embarked in farming and continued a tiller of the soil until in July, 1908, when he was ap- pointed deputy sheriff, in which office he served for five years. In 1913 he was elected sheriff of Wilson County and he has been in office ever since but still, to some degree, is interested in farming. Sheriff Rowe has made a fine official record and the people of Wilson County have proved that they are appreciative. Sheriff Rowe was married November 18, 1890, to Miss Esther Virginia Ury, who was born at Concord, North Carolina, and is a daughter of Andrew Jackson and Esther (Young) Ury. Her father is interested in merchandising and farm- ing and is an old resident of the county. Sheriff Rowe has been active in the ranks of the democratic party and has ever been loyal to its principles and candidates. He is identified with the leading fraternities and is a member of numerous other organizations such as attract a man of sterling character and social instincts. He is a Knight Templar Mason and belongs also to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and to the Junior Order of the United American Me- chanics. He belongs to the Sons of America, a patriotic order, to the Wilson Country Club and to the Commonwealth Club. Lieut. Roswell A. Wommack. The title which precedes his name Mr. Wommack won by valiant and courageous service as a Confederate soldier during the war between the states. More than half a century has passed since that great conflict, and that time the lieutenant has filled in with work as a planter and in commercial lines, and for a num- ber of years has been one of the most widely known and most popular citizens of Winston-Salem and Forsyth County. Mr. Wommack is a native of North Carolina and was born at Lexington, July 26, 1837. His paternal ancestors were early settlers in Prince Edward County, Virginia. His grandfather, James Wommack, was born it is thought in that part of Rowan County, North Carolina, now in- eluded in Davidson County. He owned and operated a plantation near Lexington, where he spent his last years. The maiden name of his wife was Mary Wiseman, who probably spent all her life in the vicinity of Lexington. She was a woman widely known in the community. She had made a special study of obstetrics and in her community she assisted in bringing many children into the world. Wilson W. Wommack, father of Lieutenant Wommack, was born on a plantation two miles below Lexington in 1811. As a youth he learned the trade of hatter, serving his apprenticeship at Lexington. In Lexington he built a home which is still standing and is now used as a parsonage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He died at Lexington when thirty-five years of age. He was twice married. By his first marriage he had a daughter named Elizabeth. The mother of Lieutenant Wommack was Rebecca Romminger. She was born ten miles south of Salem, daughter of Cornelius and Rosa (Clouse) Romminger. After the death of her first husband, Mr. Wommack, she married John Mickle, of Clemmons Township, Forsyth County. She lived to be very old, passing away at the age of eighty-six. Her children, all by her marriage to Mr. Wommack, were six in number : Roswell A., Sarah O, Mary Jane, James O, Wesley W. and Wilson. Roswell A. Wommack, as a boy, attended school at Clemmonsville. When thirteen years of age he entered an apprenticeship under E. A. Vogler to learn the jeweler 's trade. He served about three years. He then made up for some of the early deficiencies of his educational opportunities, at- tending high school at East Bend two years. Going to Salisbury, Lieutenant Wommack worked at his trade two years, and then returned to his mother's farm and was busily engaged in the work of the fields when the tocsin of war sounded. April 9, 1861, Mr. Wommack enlisted in Company A, of the Twenty-first Regiment, North Carolina troops. In the following May he was promoted to first sergeant, and in August of the same year to second lieutenant. In the meantime he had followed his command in its various maneuvers and cam- paigns, participated in numerous battles and was part of that heroic body of Confederates led by Stonewall Jackson. Lieutenant Wommack still has the stirrups from a saddle which was presented to him by General Jackson. After his promotion to second lieutenant he served mostly in detached duty. Part of the time he was in charge of an ambulance corps, and for two years had charge of ordnance train, and was also in command of various foraging parties. He was on a foraging excursion in Eastern North Carolina when the news came of General Lee 's surrender. At that news, with his comrades, he started to join President Davis, whom he found at Charlotte. * Mr. Davis advised his loyal followers to return home. Lieutenant 122 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Wommack then selected two good mules and rode back with them to the plantation of his father-in- law in Lewisville Township of Forsyth County. A few days later there came along a party of Yankee soldiers. They took away one of the mules and also a gray horse. Lieutenant Wommack was not the type of man to sit quietly by when an in- justice was done him. Going to Salem, he called on Major Felkin of the Tenth Ohio Regiment, then in command at Salem. He told of the taking of the horse and mule and explained that according to the terms of surrender he was entitled to his property. Major Felkin said that if he could assure him of his loyalty to the United States Government his property would be restored. Lieu- tenant Wommack replied that he had proved his loyalty to the Confederacy by fighting the Union four years and that if such unjust treatment was to be meted out to him and his people as had been since the surrender he would be glad to fight four years more. The major, pleased with this spirited reply, said that he liked the man not afraid to express his sentiments and at once wrote an order, handing it to Mr. Wommack, permitting him to take possession of any horse or mule which he might claim as his own. Following that war, Mr. Wommack resumed work on his father-in-law 's farm, remaining there one year, and then built a cotton mill in Yadkin County. He operated this mill a year and then took a commission with a Baltimore wholesale house as a traveling salesman. He has continued as a commercial traveler, over his native state and various sections, for the greater part of the time since the Civil war. He has a large acquaintance and is one of the most popular traveling salesmen in the state. Lieutenant Wommack first married Georgia P. Hart. She was born in Halifax County, Virginia, daughter of Henry Hart, a native of the same state. Henry Hart came to North Carolina and settled in Lewisville Township of Forsyth County, where he acquired a large plantation, operating it with slave labor until the war. He remained there until his death. Mr. Wommack 's first wife died in 1863, while he was away in the army. For his second wife he married Letitia Lehman. Mrs. Wommack was born in Forsyth County, daughter of William E. and Catherine (Miller) Lehman. To their marriage have been born six children : James E., Mary, Paul L., Eoswell A., Jr., Bessie and Ralph L. James married Sallie Belle Jack- son, daughter of T. J. Jackson, of Wilmington, North Carolina. Mary is the wife of James A. Thomas, chief of police, Winston-Salem. Paul L. married Bertha Hancock, Danville, Virginia, and has a daughter named Letitia Frances. Mr. and Mrs. Wommack are active members of the First Baptist Church at Winston-Salem. He has been identified with the Masonic order for fifty years and his membership is in Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. His interest Jias always been keen for his old army comrades of the Confederacy and he sustains that interest by membership in Norfleet Camp of the United Confederate Veterans. Evekett Webster Cates. Distinguished not only for the honored ancestry from which he traces his descent, but for his own life and works, Everett W. Cates, of Thomasville, cashier of the People's Bank, is well known in financial circles as a man of ability, and is held in high esteem throughout the community. A Virginian by birth, he was born in Danville in May, 1859, of sub- stantial English ancestry, being a direct descend- ant in the seventh generation from the immigrant ancestor, the line of descent being as follows: Joshua, Joseph, Joseph, Barnard, David H., Peter, and Everett Webster. Joshua Cates emigrated from England to America in 1715, locating in North Carolina, and casting his lot with the Elizabeth City Colony. David H. Cates, grandfather of Everett W. Cates, was born in Hillsboro, Orange County, this state, and as a young man served an apprentice- ship at the shoemaker 's trade, all shoes at that time having been made to order, and by hand. Both he and his wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Morris, spent their last years in Thomas- ville. Peter Cates was born in Hillsboro, North Caro- lina, in 1826. Working in his father 's shop, he learned the trade of a shoemaker, which he sub- sequently followed for a few years in Danville, Virginia. Returning to North Carolina in 1861, he located in Thomasville, which, on account of its many shoe factories, was then known as ' ' Shoe Town, ' ' or the ' ' Lynn of the South. ' ' A few years later the shoe shops were superseded by chair factories, and Thomasville was rechristened "Chair Town" or the "Garden of the South." After settling here Peter Gates was for a while employed in the factory of the Shelley Brothers, and was afterward with the firm of C. M. & G. Lines until the business was closed out. Subse- quently, in partnership with his son, he was en- gaged in mercantile pursuits under the firm name of P. C. Cates & Son until 1890, when he had the misfortune to be burned out. From that time until his death, in 1903, he lived retired from active business. The maiden name of the wife of Peter Cates was Margaret Elizabeth Adams. She was born at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, a daughter of Thomas Adams, who married a Miss Hunt. She was of distinguished New England ancestry, having had for her immigrant ancester the same Eng- lishman as did two of the presidents of the United States, John Adams and John Quincy Adams. She died in January, 1907, leaving two children, Harriet. Augusta and Everett W. Everett W. Cates was fitted for college at Pro- fessor Wright 's school, which was located two miles south of Thomasville, and later attended Old Trinity in Randolph County. During his earlier life he was associated in business with his father, as above mentioned, being junior member of the firm of P. C. Cates & Son. In 1900, in company with F. S. and J. W. Lambeth, Mr. Cates organized the Standard Chair Com- pany, No. 1, and later the Standard Chair Com- pany, No. 3. In 1906 he disposed of his interest in the chair business, and in 1910 became treas- urer of the Bard Lumber Company, chair manu- facturers. This position Mr. Cates resigned at the end of a few months, and in 1911 embarked in the mercantile business with his former clerk, C. A. Boggs, and as head of the firm of Cates &- Boggs carried on business until the death of the junior member of the firm in May, 1913. A year later Mr. Cates sold out, and in 1916 he organized the People's Bank, of which he has since been the cashier, a responsible position, for which he is eminently qualified. AJ- 3, &&fhjc jU^S^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 123 In June, 1889, Mr. Cates was united in mar- riage with Miss Blanche Bailey Pendleton. She was born in Margarettsville, North Carolina, a daughter of Arthur S. and Amanda (Bailey) Pen- dleton. She is a direct descendant of the paternal side of Biram Pendleton, a native of England, and one of the first settlers of New England, and on the maternal side she is related to two of the more prominent families of Springfield, Massa- chusetts, the Chapins and the Days. Mr. and Mrs. Cates have two children, Margaret and Everett W., Jr. Religiously both are members of the Episcopal Church. Fraternally Mr. Cates is a non-affiliated member of the Masonic fra- ternity, having taken all the degrees up to aud including the Shrine. Daniel Edward Hudgins rounded out a quarter of a century of experience and achievement as a member of the Marion bar, and these have been years filled with the duties and obligations of the successful lawyer and also numerous business and civic responsibilities. Mr. Hudgins was born at Warrenton, North Carolina, October 9, 1869, son of a merchant and farmer, Patrick Henry Hudgins and his wife Jen- nie Diggs Hudgins of Anson County. As a boy at Warrenton he attended the local academy and in 1892 graduated from the law department of the University of North Carolina. Soon afterward he located at Marion and from that year to the present has been engaged in a growing and in- fluential general practice. He is a director and attorney for the First National Bank, is president of the Cross Cotton Mills, is executor for the W. P. Jones Estate in McDowell County, and is one of the organizers and director and attorney for the McDowell Building and Loan Association and an organizer and director of the Marion In- surance and Trust Company. Mr. Hudgins has always been a devoted friend of education and for twelve years served as chair- man of the McDowell County Board of education. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Asso- ciation, is a Mason, past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, a member of the "Woodmen of the World, and is a steward of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. September 28, 1898, he married Miss Josephine Carter of Marion, but a native of Buncombe County. North Carolina. They have five children, Mary Douglass and Sara, both students in Ran- dolph-Macon College in Virginia: Carter, Frank Edward and Mildred, who are students in public and local schools. Charles Michael Brown is one of the oldest active business men of Washington, where he has been identified with mercantile, banking and other affairs for upwards of half a century. Mr. Brown was born at Salisbury, North" Caro- lina, October 15, 1848, and is a lineal descendant of that Charles Michael Brown or Braun who was one of the pioneers of this section of North Car- olina in 1759 and established a large frame house near Salisbury which long stood as a landmark. Mr. Brown is a son of Jeremiah M. and Char- lotte (Verble) Brown. His father was a general contractor in the building of residences and other construction, served with the rank of colonel in the State Militia, and for many years held the office of justice of the peace. Charles M. Brown received his education in the public schools and in the private school of S. H. Wiley. He early learned and took up the trade ot pharmacist, and in 1869 he opened at Wash- ington the first exclusive drug store in the place. He continued as a merchant until lssu, and since that year has been prominently connected as a banker. He first established Brown's Banking House, a private institution. In 1892 he organized and became president of the Beaufort County BanK and in 1895 organized the First National Bank, with which the Beaufort County Bank was merged. Mr. Brown continued as vice president of the First .National Bank firteen years and then be- came president. His connection with local affairs includes va- rious honors and responsibilities, such as mayor of Washington for four years and member of the county board of commissioners six years. He is a ruling elder of the Presbyterian Church, is a trustee of the Theological Seminary at Richmond, Virginia, and a trustee of Peate Institute at Ra- leigh. Mr. Brown is a Mason and former grand warden of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. .On November 19, 1871, he married Miss Mary Martin, of Washington, daughter of Edwin and Elizabeth (Cooper) Martin. Her father was a well known Washington merchant. They are the parents of three children, two sons and one daugh- ter. Edwin Martin, the oldest, is a successful physician. Charlotte Caroline is the wife of Frank C. Kugler, a prominent lumber manufacturer in this part of North Carolina. Charles Michael, Jr., the youngest, is in the lumber manufacturing busi- ness. Edwin Martin Brown, M. D., a prominent physician and surgeon of Washington, is a son of Charles M. Brown. Doctor Brown was born at Washington, North Carolina, May 10, 1873, was educated in the pub- lic schools and the Bingham School and studied medicine in the Bellevue Medical Hospital Col- lege of New York, where he was graduated in March, 1896. He has now lived at Washington for over twenty years and has a large clientage and well established reputation. He has served the community as health officer, is a member of the staff of the Washington Hospital and be- longs to the Beaufort County, the North Caro- lina State, the First District and the Seaboard Medical societies. He is also affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias. Doctor Brown married for his first wife Jessie Burbank, of Washington, now deceased. Their three children are Dorothy V., Harriett Olivia and Jessie Burbank. On November 18, 1915, Doctor Brown married Ruth Butler, of Lynchburg, Vir- ginia. They have one child, Edwin Martin, Jr. Elmer F. McNeer. Intimately associated with the advancement of the mercantile prosperity of Surry County, Elmer F. McNeer, of Elkin, has met with signal success as a hardware merchant, winning a high position among the leading business men of his community, and being everywhere re- spected as a man of sterling integrity and worth. A son of William R. and Laura C. McNeer, he was born in Monroe County, of honored ancestry, and reared in Lynchburg, Campbell County, Vir- ginia. His grandfather, John McNeer, was born in 124 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA West Virginia, of Scotch parentage, and continued a resident of this state during his entire life, having been a planter by occupation. Born near Monroe, West Virginia, William E. McNeer was educated at Emory & Henry College, in Emory, Virginia. During his earlier life he was principal of classic schools in Maryland and Virginia, but is now a resident of Lynchburg, Vir- ginia. He married Laura C. Anderson, a daughter of Jno. Anderson and America Anderson, of fin- castle, Virginia, and to them six children were born and reared, as follows: Elmer P., with whom this sketch is chiefly concerned; Preston W., first lieutenant United States Navy; W. Stanley, a soldier in the Canadian army, is now in France; Harry G., deceased; Euby, wife of W. P. Billion; Eula, single, of Lynchburg, Virginia, and Cordelia, wife of Julian W. Brown. At the early age of thirteen years, Elmer F. McNeer began his active career as a clerk in a hardware establishment in his native city. During the five years that he was thus employed, he gained a knowledge of the details of the business, and subsequently went on the road as commercial traveller, selling hardware to the trade throughout Virginia and North Carolina. In 1897, desirous, of starting in business on his own account, Mr. Mc- Neer opened a hardware store in Elkin, and in its management has been exceedingly fortunate, hav- ing, through his enterprise, energy, and business sagacity, built up an extensive and lucrative trade. The business grew rapidly from the start, and 1902 Mr. McNeer erected the building in which his business is now located, it being a substantial brick structure, 52 feet by 245 feet, and two stories in height. Here he carries a complete stock of hardware, and in addition keeps constantly on hand agricultural implements and machinery of all kinds. With characteristic enterprise, f orseeing the demands made by autoists, he opened a garage, and is operating that successfully, too. In 1915 Mr. McNeer erected, of brick, a tobacco warehouse, 100 feet by 200 feet, and this, like his other building, is practically fire proof. In the super- vision of his different lines of industry he has accumulated valuable city and country property, being the owner of considerable farm land in addition to his city holdings. On August 11, 1896, Mr. McNeer was united in marriage with Maude Alma Fields, who was born in. Alleghany County, North Carolina, a daughter of William C. and Jennie (Smith) Fields. Her father, a prominent lawyer of Sparta, is active in public affairs, and has represented Alleghany County in the State Legislature. Re- ligiously Mr. and Mrs. McNeer are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Fraternally, Mr. McNeer is a member of Piedmont Lodge No. 96, Knights of Pythias; and of Elkin Camp, Woodmen of the World. A straightforward demo- crat in politics, he has served acceptably as a member of the Elkin Board of Commissioners. Lindsay Patterson has been a prominent law- yer at Winston-Salem for over thirty years. He early came into prominence in public affairs, and his work has continually identified him as a high- minded lawyer, a courageous citizen, and a gen- tleman of the finest bearing and character. Mr. Patterson was bom May 16, 1858, at Bland- wood, the residence of former Governor John M. Morehead in Greensboro, North Carolina. Mr. Patterson 's mother was a daughter of Governor Morehead. His grandfather, Samuel Finley Patterson, was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, March 11, 1799. At the age of fifteen he moved to Wilkes- boro, North Carolina. He was the founder of this branch of the Patterson family in North Caro- lina. At Wilkesboro he began his career as clerk in the store of Waugh & Finley. He remained there applying himself with diligence to his duties until he reached his majority. For many years he was a well known figure in public life. For fourteen years he was clerk of the Legislature, and in 1835 became chief clerk of the Senate. In the same year he was elected public treasurer of the state and at the same time discharges his duties as treasurer of the State Bank. He retired from this office in 1837, returning to his home in Wilkesboro. In 1840 he moved to Raleigh, hav- ing been elected to the office of- president of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad. This was the first railroad line completed in the State of North Car- olina. In 1845 he again retired from the burdens and responsibilities of public life and went back to the Yadkin Valley to supervise his farming in- terests. Soon afterward he was elected chair- man of the Court of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions, and made that office the immediate ob- ject of his painstaking service until 1868. He was twice elected to represent his county in the Senate. Through his position as a private citizen and in the Legislature he was instrumental in solving many of the complicated questions con- nected with railroad affairs of his home county. Various other positions of local and state respon- sibility came to him and for many years he served as a trustee of the State University. The death of this honored North Carolinian occurred Janu- ary 20, 1874. He was married in May, 1824, to Phebe Caroline Jones, a daughter of Gen. Edmond Jones, and a granddaughter of Gen. William Le- noir. They had two sons, Rufus L. and, Samuel L. Patterson. Rufus L. Patterson, father of Lindsay Patter- son, was born June 22, 1830, on a farm called Palmyra in the locality designated Happy Valley in what is now Caldwell County. When he was five years of age he went with his parents to Ra- leigh, though his summers were usually spent back in Happy Valley. His primary education was acquired in the Raleigh schools, but after his return to the farm he entered the school of Rev. T. S. W. Mott, a scholarly Episcopal minister, whose home was near the county seat of Caldwell. In 1847 after his preparatory course he entered the State University and was graduated A. B. in 1851. He then pursued the study of law under John A. Gilmer. Following his marriage Rufus Patterson took up his home in Greensboro and while there had considerable experience in bank- ing. Soon afterward he removed to Salem, and in that section of Western North Carolina became owner and manager of three manufacturing en- terprises. For five years he was chairman of the Court of Common Pleas, resigning that office to be elected mayor of Salem. Rufus Patterson was married in 1852 to Marie L. Morehead, daughter of ex-Governor John M. Morehead. By this marriage there were five chil- dren, one of whom is Mr. Lindsay Patterson. The first wife died in 1862 and in 1864 he married Mary E. Fries, daughter of Francis Fries of Salem. The six children of this union were Frank F., Samuel F., Andrew H., Rufus L., John L. and Edmond V. Rufus L. Patterson died at Salem HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 125 in 1879. He was familiary known as Colonel Pat- terson, not for military service but because of his martial bearing and the distinguished position he long occupied in the community. His parents were members of the Episcopal Church, but be- cause of his long residence at Salem and associa- tion with the Moravians he took up that faith and practiced it to the end of his life. Lindsay Patterson spent his early years at Sa- lem, attended the primary schools, at the age of fourteen entered the Finley High School at Le- noir, going thence to Davidson College, and after four years graduating in 1878 second in his class. His college course ended he attended law lectures at Greensboro under Judges Dick and Dillard, and in 1881 passed his examinations and was admit- ted to the bar. Since then Mr. Patterson has been located at Winston-Salem, as a lawyer, and for many years has enjoyed a commanding place in the profes- sion. He was early elected solicitor of the County Criminal Court, and the performance of the duties of that office gave him valuable experience. He has always been a democrat but favored the sound money wing of that party and in 1896 was a delegate to the Indianapolis Convention which nominated Palmer and Buckner as the national candidates, and in the same year he was a candi- date for Congress. ' Mr. Patterson was married in 1888 to Miss Lucy Bramlette Patterson, a daughter of Col. Wil- liam Houston Patterson of Philadelphia. Mrs. Patterson 's grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812 and afterwards became a major-general in both the Mexican and Civil wars. Mrs. Patter- son has been distinguished for the possession of unusual literary ability, and has done much to encourage literary enterprise and output in her native state. Herbert Augustus White, of Greenville, en- tered business life at a very early age, and has not only attained successful position in business affairs but has exerted his means and influence in various ways to upbuild and contribute to the wel- fare of his home town and state. Mr. White was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, March 25. 1877, a son of Augustus Bry- an and Emma Flora (McMurray) White. His father snent most of his active years as an em- ploye of the Southern Bailroad. The son had a public school education and when only fifteen years of age found work in a small and unimpor- tant role with the Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany at Greensboro. He made a study of the insurance business, was rapidly promoted in suc- cessive responsibilities, and in 1895, when still a very young man, was sent to Greenville, where he established an office and has since developed a large and important agency in handling general insurance. He is also secretary and treasurer of the North Carolina Cotton Seed Crushers Association, and has been actively identified with that notable in- stitution in North Carolina industry for seven years. He is a director of the Greenville Banking & Trust Company, the Greenville Cooperage and Lumber Company, and the Home Building and Loan Association. In a public way his services have been chiefly appreciated through his work on the board of aldermen, where he served four years, and three years as chairman of the Municipal Water and Light Commission. Mr. White is a Knight Temp- lar Mason, is past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias and a member of the social order Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan. He is a junior warder in St. Paul 's Episcopal Church. February 10, 1S97, he married Miss Jennie James, of Greenville. Their three children are Nelle Douglas, Julian and Dorothy. Thomas Arrington Avera. Among the young men of Boeky Mount there will be found few who have no serious purpose in life. On the other hand, as a body, they are active, enterprising and public spirited. They have been subjects of the trend of modern education, trained in head, heart and hand, and where one has made a rec- ord in manufacturing, in mechanics or merchan- dising, another has surprised his friends and ac- quaintances by ability in one of the professions and has taken a place of prominence among the representative citizenship. In this connection may be mentioned Thomas Arrington Avera, who is one of the youngest but by no means the least able member of the Bocky Mount bar, and is also a factor in banking circles. Thomas Arring-ton Avera was born at Bockv Mount, North Carolina, February 20, 1890. His parents are H. D. and Mary Tempie (Arrington) Avera, His father attended Wake Forest Col- lege and until his death was a leading business man of Boeky Mount. Thomas A. Avera was afforded excellent edu- cational advantages and there was no compelling force to make it necessary for him to hasten through his academic and collegiate courses. He attended the excellent public schools of his na- tive city and then entered Wake Forest College, where he completed his course in law in August, 1914, and his general academic course in 1915, when he w-as graduated with the degrees of A. B. and LL. B. Mr. Avera returned to Bocky Mount with his collegiate honors and shortly afterward opened his law office there and has had his full share of the legal business of the city. He has proved himself a young man of lesal worth and personal probity and has steadily advanced honorably and legitimately in his profession. He is a valued member of the North Carolina Bar Association. Devoted as he is to his profession, Mr. Avera has additional interests, for he is keenly alive to the moment and with diversified talents is able to accept responsibilities in several lines. He was one of the organizers of the Farmers & Merchants Bank of Rocky Mount and at present is vice president of this institution, which bears the reputation of being one of the most carefully officered and soundly financed in Eastern North Carolina, The same attributes and qualities that make him able as a financier contribute also to his success as a lawyer. He has not displayed any patricular activity in political life and has sought no political office, but his sentiments on public questions are well known and his fellow citizens recognize their value and know just where to place him when questions of right or wrong are to be adjusted. While at Wake Forest he was one of the most interested members of the Phi Society and he retains membership in the same and belongs also to the Order of Knights of Py- thias. He is a member of the First Baptist Church, a deacon in the same and superintendent of the Sunday school. 126 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Clarence Poe. There will be no difficulty in according: to Clarence Poe, of Raleigh rank as perhaps the most expert authority on all questions affecting the agricultural and rural economics of North Carolina. He has gone to the heart of a number of problems worthy of serious attention and knows better than any one else, what the con- ditions and problems confronting the North Caro- lina farmer are. He has also made a close study of numerous social and economic questions, and is widely known both in and out of the state as a publisher, author, traveler and lecturer. Born on a farm in Chatham County, North Carolina, January 10, 1881, his parents were Wil- liam B. and Susan (Dismukes) Poe. Mr. Poe in the way of formal education had only the ad- vantages of public schools, beginning newspaper work in his seventeenth year. On account of his varied attainments Wake Forest College bestowed upon him the well deserved degree Litt. D. in 1914. He has been an editor for a longer time than he could vote. He became editor of the Pro- gressive Farmer in 1899, has since held that post, and from 1903 has been president of the Pro- gressive Farmer Company, which now maintains offices at Raleigh, North Carolina, Birmingham, Alabama, Memphis, Tennessee, and Dallas, Texas, the paper having a circulation around 200,000 weekly. Mr Poe has served as president of the North Carolina Conference for Social Service, the North Carolina Commission on Rural Rate Problems, the North Carolina Press Association, the North Caro- lina Literary and Historical Association, and has been a member of the executive committee of the North Carolina Board of Agriculture, the North Carolina Farmers Union, the North Carolina Anti- Saloon League, the Southern Conference of Educa- tion and Industry, and the National Conference of Marketing and Farm Credits, the National League to Enforce Peace, etc. Mr. Poe is author of the following titles : Cotton, 1906; The Southerner in Europe, 1908; Where Half the World is Waking Up (Oriental travel), 1911 ; Life and Speeches of Charles B. Ayeoek, 1912; How Farmers Cooperate and Double Profits, 1915. He is also author of a number of pamphlets and as a lecturer has been heard on various topies connected with rural problems and southern ques- tions. In 1910-11 Mr. Poe circumnavigated the globe, studying industrial and social conditions in the Orient. In 1912 he was again abroad, studying agricultural co-operation in Ireland and Denmark. Mr. Poe. is a member of the Baptist Church and In politics a democrat. He was married in 1912 to Alice Aycock, daughter of Governor C. B. Ayeoek. Two sons and a daughter have been born to them. Hon. Jesse Franklin, who distinguished him- self as one of the most fearless of the patriotic leaders from the mountains of Western North Caro- lina during the Revolution, and subsequently gained the highest post at the gift of his fellow citizens in North Carolina, serving both as United States senator and governor of the state, was born in Orange County, Virginia, March 24, 1760. He was a. son of Bernard and Mary (Cleveland) Franklin. His mother was a sister of Col. Ben Cleveland of Wilkes County, North Carolina. Bernard Franklin was a son of Lawrence and Mary (Payne) Franklin of Virginia. Bernard Frank- lin and wife had six sons: Jeremiah, Bernard, Jesse, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, and one daughter Mary. Governor Jesse Franklin married Meeky Per- kins. Their family consisted of three sons and five daughters : James Macon, Hardin Perkins and Bernard, the sons; while the daughters were Sarah Panill, Ann P., Mary Cleveland (who mar- ried Gen. Solomon Graves) and was the mother of the late Judge Jesse Franklin Graves of Surry County), Elizabeth, and Matilda C. In order to present the career of Governor Franklin more fully to the readers of this publica- tion the following paragraphs largely follow the language of Prof. .1. T. Alderman in an article published in the ' ' North Carolina Booklet ' ' of January, 1907. In 1777 Jesse Franklin, then seventeen years of age, entered the Continental service and held a lieutenant 's commission in Washington 's army. When his term of enlistment expired he returned to bis father 's home. Attracted by the excellent range and fertile valleys of Piedmont, North Caro- lina, a large number of good people had before the Revolution left their Virginia homes and moved to occupy the unbroken forests. Among them was Col. Ben Cleveland, brother of Jesse Frank- lin's mother. Before the breaking out of the Revolution Bernard Franklin had determined to go to North Carolina, as many of his neighbors had done. He accordingly sent his son Jesse to select lands suitable for the settlement and to erect buildings. Jesse selected for their future home a beautiful valley near the headwaters of Mitchell 's River in Surry County and made pro- visions for the coming of the household. In the fall of that year his parents, with four sons and two daughters (the two older sons, Bernard and Jeremiah, remaining in Virginia), moved to their home in Surry County. This homestead was to become the seat of patriotism, honor, culture and refinement. The American people were not united in the desire for separation from the mother country. During the war the tories in some sections be- came so aggressive and bold in their depreda- tions that the whig families were forced to build a fort for protection. One of these was near Mocksville and another near Wilkesboro. Fortu- nately there were men in most sections of the state whose names struck terror to the hearts of the tories. Among them was Col. Benjamin Cleveland. As a partisan leader he had few equals. He knew no fear and seemed ubiquitous to friend and foe. His services in checking organized toryism have never been fully recognized. When about eighteen years of age Jesse Frank- lin joined his uncle 's forces and for two years assisted in maintaining order in Piedmont, North Carolina. He served with him in many skirmishes with the tories and gained the confidence of his uncle as a bold and fearless patriot. At the close of the summer of 1780 the British had overrun • the whole of South Carolina. Cornwallis had for months been arranging to invade North Carolina. He sent General Ferguson with a large body of British troops to overawe the whigs and enroll the tories in the western counties. The appear- ance of the British among the hills had an unex- pected effect. Those dauntless patriots who knew no fear rallied to the standard of liberty. Led by the brave Colonels Shelby, Sevier, Campbell and General McDowell, they rushed down the mountain like a torrent. They were joined by the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 127 men from Surry and Wilkes under the intrepid Colonel Cleveland with Jesse Franklin as his aide. Ferguson had selected the top of the ridge known as King 's Mountain for the encounter, from which he said God himself could not drive him. The patriots surrounded the mountain be- fore Ferguson was aware of their presence and at- tacked from all sides. A cloud of smoke en- compassed the mountain, shutting the British army from sight. Jesse Franklin rode forward through the smoke and finding the British in con- fusion and shooting above the heads of the patriots called to his men to charge, assuring them of vic- tory. They advanced till within range and fired. Colonel Ferguson fell and confusion overwhelmed the enemy. Captain Dupeyster, the ranking of- ficer, assumed command, but was unable to restore order. Captain Ryerson 's efforts were alike fu- tile. He surrendered and handed his sword to Captain Franklin, saying to him, "Take it, you deserve it, sir." This sword was in the Franklin family many years. In 1854 the hilt was in the possession of Ambrose Johnson of "Wilkes County. Captain Franklin was a conspicuous actor at Hillsboro on February 25, 1781. He led a band of mountaineers who did good serviee and was the last to leave the ground when General Greene ordered a retreat. Many other thrilling narra- tives have been told of Jesse Franklin during these years of ceaseless vigilance. The plundering tories feared him ami trembled for their lives when it was known that Franklin was in their community. They well knew that if taken they would be pun- ished according to their crimes and they de- termined to destroy him. One evening he was attempting to reach home by a circuitous route when suddenly he was surrounded by a strong band of tories. Resistance was futile. They tied his hands behind him and using his bridle as a halter made ready to hang him to an overhanging limb. They commanded him to take the oath of allegiance. He refused and they strung him up. One of the men struck the horse upon which he sat to make it move from under. The halter broke and Franklin retaining his seat in the saddle dashed away to safety. After the close of the war Jesse Franklin settled in "Wilkes County and in 1784 was elected to the Legislature and re-elected each year until 1793, when he moved to Surry Countv. The same year he was elected to represent Surrv County. In 1795 he was elected a member of Congress and served two vears. He was again chosen to the State Legislature in 1797 and in 1798. The Legislature of 1799 elected him United States senator and he served the full term until 1805. In 1806-07 he was again a member of the State Senate and at the close of his term was elected United States senator for the term which expired in 1813. As a legislator he was universally trusted and though one of the youngest members was placed at the head of important committees. As earlv as 1785 he was found nublicly advocating more opportunities for educating the people. He was a close student and acquired a broad fund nf information. He was a strong advocate of the War of 1812 and urged Congress to grant per- mission to individuals to put out vessels for privateering and destroying British commerce. He declined a re-election to the Senate in 1813. Tn 1815 President Monroe appointed Jesse Frank- lin. Andrew Jackson and General Merriwether commissioners to treat with the Chickasaw In- dians. The treaty was made near the present site of Memphis, Tennessee. In 1820 he was eleeted governor of the state. When his term of office expired he returned to the quiet of his mountain home and resided there until his death, September 29, 1823. His remains now repose in the National Park at Guilford battle ground. Jesse Franklin was a product of the times, but like others who were born to co-operate in shap- ing the destinies of the nation, his horizon was broad, his conception of a government for the masses was clear, and his good judgment gave him power in the state and national assemblies. His astute statesmanship won him the admiration of his peers. For thirty consecutive years he rep- resented his people and was a conspicuous figure in the state and national capitals. Some interesting details concerning his personal and family life are presented in a letter written by Governor Franklin 's great-granddaughter, Miss Isabel Graves, to Professor Alderman. ' ' Governor Franklin would not have a portrait made of himself. He said he preferred to be remembered by what he had done and not by how he looked. In looking over the old records I rind that Meeky Perkins was born in 1765 and died February 20, 1834. I have not been able to find the date of her marriage to Jesse Frank- lin, but from other dates given it was probably some time before 1790. He had been prominent as a soldier during the Revolution and it is quite probable he was sent on missions of importance to Philadelphia before the adoption of the con- stitution in 1789. In passing to and from Phila- delphia on horseback with his wardrobe in his saddlebags, he happened to stop over at Mr. Per- kins ' and saw his daughter Miss Meeky, a tall, graceful, black-haired and black-eyed maid, very handsome and accomplished for that period. He fell in love with her and after the usual court- ship married her. There were very limited modes of conveyance then, indeed much of the country did not have even so much as a wagon road. After the marriage, which was celebrated with a wedding feast, a Presbyterian minister officiating, Jesse Franklin and his bride rode on horseback by way of Lynchburg to his home in North Carolina. On the way they were given receptions at the residences of several of the relatives of the bride, the Redds and the Pannills, and also at the home of the uncle of the groom. The baggage came later in a sort of two-horse wagon. " Notwithstanding Jesse Franklin was a demo- crat and took great pride in the wearing apparel made at home, his daughters indulged in silk dresses made in Philadelphia on occasions re- quiring such dress. One of these dresses is pre- served in the family. Governor Franklin, while not a member, inclined to the Baptist Church. His wife was a member of the Methodist denomination. He did not care for hunting and other sports, but was a great student and reader and in his leisure from public duties and private business was devoted chiefly to reading. His correspondence was extensive for that time, and one of his daugh- ters usually assisted as his secretary. He was noted for kindness to his neighbors and considera- tion for people less fortunate than he. He re- strained his children from jokes at the expense of other people 's feelings. "Mrs. Franklin was occasionally in Washington with her husband, but not often. The journey 128 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA from her mountain home to Washington was a long and tiresome one, the meager pay of the members of Congress (at that time not more than $5 per day) would not well support two in good style. She became a noted housekeeper. Her home-made cotton dresses for herself and daugh- ters were always of the neatest make and finest shades of coloring. The homemade jeans and linsey were the best, her linen the finest and whitest made in the county from flax grown on the farm and spun with her own hands. M}- father had often seen his grandmother 's old flax wheel at the homestead of his uncle Hardin Franklin on Fish River, where she died. She was a most elegant hostess and entertained her friends and her husband's friends in the best style possible. She had several daughters and sons, and they had much company. Governor Franklin lived in an isolated neighborhood ; about four families made up the community — Jesse Franklin, Micajah Oglesby, Meshack Franklin and Mr. Edwards, and they were all intelligent and well-to-do. They kept up the most cordial social relations; they visited and had parties and dances to which their friends from a distance were invited. From all the concurrent traditions there was never any- where a happier community during the lifetime of Governor Franklin. His wife was the leader and chief spirit among the ladies. There are other traditions, but these will serve to give a picture of the times." Hon. Jesse Franklin Graves. Of a dis- tinguished family, the late Jesse Franklin Graves made his own career distinctive as an upright and capable lawyer, a wise counsellor, a courageous leader in public life, and one of the ablest, most painstaking, and conscientious judges who ever sat on the Superior Court bench of North Carolina. He was born in August, 1829, and death came to him in the maturity of his usefulness, on November 9, 1894. His lineage is traced back to Capt. Thomas Graves, who was a native of England and arrived in the Virginia colony very early in the seven- teenth century, not long after the landing of Captain Smith at Jamestown. He located in Accomac County, and his numerous posteritv is now found in many of the Southern and West- ern states. His son John was born in Virginia and located in Elizabeth County of that colony, where he spent his last years.. He married a Miss Perrin. Their son John was also a native of Virginia, but the name of his wife has not been preserved. In the next generation was also a John Graves, who was born in Virginia and married Isabella Lee, of Virginia. They came to North Carolina in 1770 and settled on County Line Creek in Caswell County, near where the Town Yanceyville now stands. Barzillai Graves, grandfather of the late Judge Jesse Franklin Graves, was born in 1759. He be- came a Baptist minister, distinguished for his elo- quence and powerful intellect. He married a lady of like mind and heart and culture, Ursula Wright. Their seven children were: Solomon; Barzillai, who died unmarried; Elizabeth, who married James Lea; Isabella, who married Hosea McNeill; Marsraret, who married William Lipscomb; Jer- emiah, who married Belil.-'h Lea; and Mary, who married Thomas W. Graves. Rev. Barzillai Graves died July 14, 1827. General Solomon Graves, father of Jesse Frank- lin Graves, was born in 1784, and died April 28, 1862. He acquired the title of general through his service in the state militia. After completing his literary education Solomon Graves studied law under Hon. Bartlett Yancey of Caswell County. When admitted to the bar he moved from Caswell and located in Surry County. There he soon became prominent as a lawyer of sterling worth and ability, and for several terms was a member of the General Assembly, serving both in the House and Senate. For thirty-two years he was clerk and master in equity for Surry County, and was also for many years a trustee of the State University. Patriotism was a key- note to his character and he possessed a depth and sincerity of conviction beyond most of his contemporaries. In a time when little attention was given to the subject he was a strong advocate for tem- perance. About 1818 General Graves married Mary Cleveland Franklin, daughter of Jesse Franklin, whose career as an early governor of North Carolina and subsequently United States senator is the subject of a sketch for other pages of this publication. Mrs. Solomon Graves died about four years before her husband. They had seven children: Meeky Ann, who married Rev. Miles Foy; Sarah Emily, who married Maj. J. W. Hackett; Mary Ursula, who married Col. Harrison M. Waugh; Elizabeth Franklin; Jesse Franklin; Margaret Isabella; and Barzillai Yancey. Jesse Franklin Graves spent his boyhood and youth in a home which furnished every incentive to the attainment and realization of his best inbred talents. He completed his education at Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and read law with Judge Richmond M. Pearson, afterwards chief justice of the Supreme Court at Rockford. Admitted to the bar in 1852, he at once began the practice of his profession at Mount Airy, and continued a resident of that town until his death more than forty years later. He was a student, patient, systematic and un- tiring; he loved his work and determined at the outset to make of himself a. proficient lawyer. He delighted in the study of law as a great science, had a contempt for the superficial, and in his research and analysis sought to go to the very bottom and find truth and right in their essence. Not only did he store his mind with strictly legal learning, but enjoyed the companionship of the world's greatest authors and thus acquired a lit- erary style which made his utterances and writ- ings both accurate and pleasing. His conception of the essentials in life and in his profession may be more easily illustrated than expressed: On occasion when a young attorney asked him what were the most important and valuable books for the lawyer's library, he immediately answered, "The Bible, Blackstone's Commentaries on the English Law and Shakespeare 's works, ' ' and he used them more than any other in his own. Thus upon the broadest foundation he built, with cleanness of thinking, soberness of opinion, ac- curacy of judgment and conscientious conduct of life's affairs, personal and professional. In the earlier days the older and more experi- enced lawyers would make the round with the iudsre holding the courts of the district, appear- ing in counsel with the younger brethren in the several counties. Among those with whom Jesse Franklin Graves practiced for many years, and whose companionship he enjoved were, Col. R. M. Armfield, Col. George N. Folk, Judge D. M. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 129 Finches, Col. E. L. Vaughn, Hon. Marsh Clement, Hon. E. Z. Linney, Col. A. H. Joyce, Col. James Morehead, Hon. John A. Gilmer, Maj. Quiney F. Seal, Capt. J. W. Todd, Hon. Joseph Dobson, Hon. Cyrus B. Watson, Hon. W. B. Glenn and others equally prominent in the profession in. this section of the state. Intimate association during the many weeks they were traveling the circuit, interchange of opinions on all sorts of questions, legal, scientific, political, moral and ethical, and hard fought battles in the court-room, broadened and developed and made yet stronger lawyers and advocates. His law practice was varied, as was that of all lawyers in this part of the state, and he at- tended courts in Surry, Stokes, Yadkin, Alle- ghany, Wilkes, Davie and Ashe, appearing occa- sionally in Davidson, Forsyth and Guilford counties. Only once did he yield and accept nomination for a political office. The matter of extending the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway to his home county and town came up, and at the instance and solicitation of friends who felt he might be of peculiar service,, he accepted nomina- tion at the hands of his party and was elected a member of the General Assembly of 1875-6. He aided in securing the construction of the railroad and went back to his practice. In 1878 he was nominated by the democratic convention of the then Ninth Judicial District, the delegates composing it being largely the lawyers with whom he had been associated for many years, judge of the Superior Court, to which honorable position he was elected for a term of eight years. Upon the completion of this term he was renominated and re-elected, and had served on the bench nearly sixteen years at the date of his death. He presided over the Superior Court in every county in Xorth Carolina at least two terms and thus came to know every lawyer in the state. He had high sense of appreciation of the ethics of the profession, and in main- taining the dignity of the court he never forgot the courtesies due the attorney's and other of- ficers of the court. He was especially considerate of the young lawyer and smoothed over many a rough place for the new attorney with his first case, relieving his embarrassment and giving him confidence. He had a fine vein of humor and enjoyed sallies of wit. but never did he indulge his sense of the amusing to the discomfiture or humiliation of either lawyer or witness. Being naturally of a judicial temperament, possessing abundant patience and capacity for work, always painstaking and diligent, enjoying the study of law, having a clear, strong, intellect and nearly absolute self control, he earned the high esteem and approbation of the bar and peo- ple, and won exalted position among the illustrious judges of Xorth Carolina. He justly deserves the tribute paid him by the distinguished Judge David Sehenck in his History of Xorth Caro- lina, who in referring to Judge Graves says: ' ' Than whom no better man nor purer judge adorns the bench of our state. ' ' Of him, also, George Davis, one of the South 's most cultured and beloved sons, attorney-general of the Con- federacy, wrote: "I know of no life presenting a fairer and brighter example of all that human life at its best and noblest ought to be than that of my cherished and honored friend. He was indeed an accomplished lawyer, an able and up- Vol. V— 9 right judge, and a truly good man. And if I knew any higher praise I would utter it of him. ' ' His was a well-ordered life, free from selfish- ness, ' self -promotion, self -laudation, self-interest, abounding in kindness, gentleness, charity and good- will to men; his character was pure and un- sullied, his love of home and family was beauti- ful, his Christian faith was sublime. On January 26, 1858, Jesse Franklin Graves married Mary Elizabeth Porter, daughter of Stephen and Margaret (McXutt) Porter of Wythe County, Virginia. Her grandfather, An- drew Porter, married Mary Gleaves. Judge Graves and wife had seven children: Mary Blanche, Margaret Virginia, Bernard Frank- lin, Lillian McXutt, Stephen Porter, Susan Isabel and Malvina ; Margaret Virginia and Lillian Mc- Xutt died in infancy. Mary Blanche graduated with distinction from Greensboro Female Oollege and married Arch Hines of Surry County; their three children are: Mary Graves, who married Luther Montrose Carlton of Boxboro; Margaret who married John Worth McAlister of Ashboro ; and Jesse Franklin, now in the United States army. Mrs. Hines was especially gifted in music and for many years after the death of her hus- band conducted a music school in Mount Airy. Bernard Franklin was a student at the University of Xorth Carolina, but was compelled to give up his college career on account of ill health. He engaged in farming as a means of recupera- tion, and while so engaged wrote many valuable articles for agricultural journals. Regaining his health, he became associated with his uncle, Col. B. Y. Graves, in the warehouse business and con- tinued in that work to the time of his death, October 2, 189-t. He was twice elected mayor of the Town of Mount Airy. Stephen Porter was educated at Bingham School and the University of Xorth Carolina. After completing his law course at the same institution, he located in his home town for the practice of his profession. His career is the subject of another sketcn in this publication. Susan Isabel was graduate 1 at St. Mary 's in Baleigh as valedictorian of her class, won two medals offered by the Teachers' Assembly of the state for best examination on history of Xorth Carolina and history of the United States, contests being open to every teacher in the state. She is a teacher in the graded schools of Mount Airy and is regarded as a veritable encyclopedia of information on almost all subjects. She is a member of Baleigh Chapter of Daughters of the Bevolution. Malvina received her education at St. Mary's in Baleigh, also, and became quite an accomplished pianist. She married Barzillai Shuford Graves, of Caswell County, and they have one child, Mary Elizabeth Graves, now study- ing music in Xew York. Mrs. Graves has for many years been president of the Daughters of the Confederacy of Caswell County. Hon'. Stephen Porter Graves. To be well born is one of the greatest blessings that can come to man or woman. The possession of a worthy ancestry is a rich heritage which carries with it a dignified responsibility, and it becomes an honor and distinction when its possessor him- self has lived not without credit and distinction. Successful in the law, and with a brilliant record of capable services in public affairs, Stephen Por- ter Graves has proven himself a worthy descend- ant of a distinguished family in Xorth Carolina. He is a son of the late Judge Jesse Franklin 130 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Graves, whose career has been sketched elsewhere, and is also a lineal descendant of the early governor and United States senator, Jesse Frank- lin of North Carolina. Porter Graves, by which name he is best known, was born in Mount Airy, Surry County, North Carolina, attended the public schools there and was for two years under the tutelage of Mr. W. F. Carter, a most efficient teacher, who was at the time reading law under Judge Graves and is now a prominent lawyer of Surry County. He was further prepared for college at the long established Bingham School, Mebane, now located at Asheville, North Carolina. His first year he won the declaimer's medal offered by the Polemic Literary Society, and the next year was the representative of his society in the commence- ment exercises, winning the medal for the best original oration. His last year at Bingham 's he was a lieutenant in Company B. He then entered the University of North Caro- lina, taking the regular literary course, and aft- erwards read law under Hon. John Manning, head of the law department of the institution. He was elected one of the editors of the University Magazine and was the recipient of other college honors. He was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He was granted license to practice law at the February term, 1887, of the Supreme Court, the first session of the court after attaining his ma- jority, and at once began the practice of his profession at Mount Airy. He early established himself in the esteem and confidence of the peo- ple of his county, and by application to his chosen work earned high position with the bar and peo- ple as a lawyer of exceptional ability and an advocate of unusual power. In 1902 he was nominated by the democratic party for the office of solicitor of the Eleventh Judicial District, a district normally republican at that time, but to which position he was elected by a good majority. Such has been his conduct of public affairs, the character of his dealings with the bar and the people, that he has four times since been nominated for the position without opposition and by acclamation. It is rather an unusual happening that his father, the late Hon. Jesse Franklin Graves, was elected judge of practically the same district in 1878 for a term of eight years, and was re-elected judge of the same district in 1886 for a term of eight years, and that exactly eight years after the completion of his sixteen years ' service on the bench, ending with his death, Porter Graves was elected solicitor of the same district, and that by terms of four years each he will have served exactly sixteen years in December, 1918. And, too, it is rather remarkable that three generations of lawyers, Solomon Graves, Jesse Franklin Graves and Porter Graves, grandfather, father and son, all should have lived in and practiced the profession in the same county, and that each in turn should have rendered so long and efficient service in public life. In this con- nection it should be added that William Graves, eldest son of Porter Graves, obtained license to practice law at the February term, 1917, of the Supreme Court, was admitted to the bar in Surry County at the April term, 1917, and after .arguing and winning his first case, volunteered for service in the army the next day and is now ' ' Somewhere in France, ' ' having arrived ' ' Over- seas" in May, 1918. The Eleventh Judicial District is the largest in the state and no bar in North Carolina ranks higher in ability; there is demand, therefore, for a thoroughly competent solicitor to care for the interests of the state. By reason of natural fit- ness, diligence, a wonderful knowledge of human nature, ability to discover truth, familiarity with the rules of evidence, power, to array facts in argument, pleasing manner of speech, wide experi- ence in the court-room and high sense of fairness in the eonduct of trials, he is recognized as the ablest prosecuting attorney in North Carolina. While he possesses oratorical power, and while people say he sometimes wins cases by the last speech, he says that in his opinion 90 per cent of all cases are either won or lost before the argument begins, the development of the evidence being the determining factor. As a trial lawyer, in the examination and cross-examination of wit- nesses, in alertness to grasp the salient features of a case and to rivet the attention of juries to them, in keeping his head in times of stress and storm, he excels. During his service as solicitor he has prosecuted thousands of cases, and there never has been a ease on appeal to the Supreme Court reversed or remanded because of improper argument on his part. Mr. Graves was married February 11, 1891, to Miss Kate Hollingsworth, of Mount Airy, North Carolina, daughter of Dr. William R. and Susan Eleanor Hollingsworth. Her father, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, was a man of fine intellect, noble impulses and love of his profession, possessing those tender and gentle qualities so essential to those who minister to the sick and afflicted. Miss Kate Hollingsworth was educated at Greensboro Female College, Greensboro, North Carolina. There have been born unto their marriage five children: William, Mary Franklin, Jesse Franklin, Kate and Stephen Porter, Jr. All are living except Kate, who died in infancy. William received his education in the Mount Airy graded school, Guilford College and the University of North Carolina, receiving the A. B. degree with the class of 1912. He read law at the university, also, completing his course in February, 1917. He left Camp Sevier, South Carolina, with the first detachment of the Thir- tieth Division the first of May, 1918, for France. Mary Franklin, after receiving her diploma from the Mount Airy High School, pursued her course of training at St. Mary's in Raleigh, North Caro- lina, for two years aud completed her college work at Converse College, Spartanburg, South Carolina. Jesse Franklin attended the graded school in Mount Airy, continued his studies at Horner Military School, Charlotte, North Carolina, and more recently took a business course at Sad- ler 's Bryant & Stratton College, Baltimore, Mary- land. Returning from school he volunteered and is now in the navy of the United States. S. Porter, Jr., a boy of eleven years, is now in the city schools. Mr. Graves had hardly turned his majority when he was called into active service of the demo- cratic party and made a canvass of the county in the campaign of 1888 as county elector, since which time he has ever been ready to contribute of his time and talent for the success of his party, not only in his own county and district but elsewhere in the state. While he served efficiently as chairman of the executive committee of Surry County for many years, he never sought nomination for office from HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA m the people other than for the position he now so ably fills, -which is more judicial than political. The truth is that politics as a business, as a science or as a game does not appeal to him, and, however old-fashioned the notion may be in these days of self-promotion, he yet believes the office should seek the man and not the man the office. His attractive home, the ancestral homestead, is presided over by one of the noblest and best of women, where is dispensed the most delightful hospitality. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and are identified with every welfare movement. Mr. Graves is a member of Blue Eidge Council No. 73, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Granite Lodge No. 322, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, Mount Airy chapter No. 68, Eoyal Arch Masons, Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar, and Oasis Temple, Mystic Shrine. John Gofton Anderson has had a wide ex- perience as a lawyer, has practiced successfully in several localities of the state for the past twelve years, and is now one of the recognized leaders of the bar at Snow Hill. Mr. Anderson was born at Tarboro, North Caro- lina, August 31, 1883, a son of John and Martha (Pittman) Anderson, his parents being farmers. He grew up in the atmosphere of country life, attended district schools in Halifax County, and his higher education was acquired in the Oak Eidge Institute, and from 1904 to 1906 he was a student in Wake Forest College law department. He was graduated LL. B., and had been ad- mitted to the bar in August, 1905. For one year Mr. Anderson practiced at Halifax, then for two years was located at Elm City in "Wilson County and in March, 1909, removed to Snow Hill. Mr. Anderson is affiliated with Lodge No. 132 of the Masonic order and the Modern Woodmen of America. On September 16, 1911, he married Pearl Herring of Greene County. Levin Carl Blades, one of the leaders in the lumber industry of the state, with business head- quarters at Elizabeth City, belongs to a family of lumber manufacturers and the name and activi- ties associated with it have long been prominent in this state. Levin C. Blades was born in Worcester County, Maryland, January 24, 1881. He is a son of J. B. Blades, of New Bern, North Carolina. He was educated in private schools at Elizabeth City, and finished his education in Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania. As a youth he spent much of his time around lumber mills and in the lumber offices of his father at Elizabeth City, and now for a number of years has been an active factor in the lumber industry located there, being treas- urer of the Foreman-Blades Lumber Company, which company operates saw and planing mills with a capacity of 125,000 feet per day. He is also president of the Elizabeth City Brick Com- pany, vice president of the J. B. Blades Lumber Company of New Bern, and secretary of the Ply- mouth Brick Company of Plymouth, North Car- olina. He is a director of the First National Bank of Elizabeth City and a member of the Lum- bermen's organization of Hoo Hoos. He also be- longs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and is a trustee of the First Methodist Epis- copal Church. Mr. Blades married October 6. 1909. Miss Es- telle D. Farrior, of Wilson, North Carolina. Then- two children are Margaret Ann and Carl Far- rior. Burwell Henry Woodell. No man in the Southland has sacrificed more for the cause of Odd Fellowship than has Burwell Henry Woodell, for nine years editor of the North Carolina Odd Fellow and for thirty-two years grand secretary of the Grand Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of North Carolina. From the date of his election to the office of grand secretary, in 1885, to the present time, the biography of Mr. Woodell and the history of Odd Fellowship in North Caro- lina have been so closely intertwined that it would be impossible to write the one without the other. Burwell Henry Woodell, son of Mark and Jennie (Cox) Woodell, was born August 15, 1839, on his father's farm in Chatham County, North Carolina, and there grew to manhood, receiving his education in the public schools of his native locality. At the age of eighteen years he left the home place and accepted a position as clerk in a grocery store in the City of Raleigh, where he was working at the outbreak of the war between the states. In the spring of 1863 he enlisted in Company B, Tenth Battalion, Heavy Artillery, and served the cause of the Confederacy faithfully until peace was declared. At that time he was home on a furlough on account of sickness, and surrendered to General Morgan, of Kentucky, at Avent 's Ferry, Chatham County, April 19, 1865, not having received a single wound during his two years of service. Because of his particular knowledge in this direc- tion, he was generally left in charge of the com- missary and quartermaster 's stores while his battalion was engaged in active service, and at- tained the rank of corporal, but declined higher honors, preferring service in the private ranks. On November 22, 1866, Mr. Woodell was married to Miss Emily Buchanan, a native of the same section of Chatham County, and to this union six children were born, three sons and three daughters. For two years after the close of the war between the South and the North B. H. Woodell labored on his father 's farm, helping the elder man to re- claim it for cultivation. In 1868, however, he returned to Ealeigh where he again became identified with the mercantile business, and by the year 1873 had accumulated sufficient capital so that he was able to engage in business on his own account. It was while he was thus engaged that he received his introduction to Odd Fellowship, for in March of the year mentioned he was initiated in Seaton Gales Lodge, No. 64, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has held con- tinuous membership for more than forty-five years and in the work of which he has been exceedingly active. As soon as he had received the fifth degree Mr. Woodell was appointed conductor, and was then elected vice grand and noble grand in succes- sion. On May 10, 1876, he became a member of the Grand Lodge of the State, and was appointed district deputy grand master by Grand Master Richard J. Jones. Later in that same year he was appointed assistant grand secretary, and filled that position for three consecutive sessions. In 1878 he visited the Sovereign Grand Lodge in session at Baltimore, Maryland, and there was honored by appointment to grand guardian. At the session of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina held at Wilmington in May, 1882, Mr. Woodell was elected grand master from the floor of the grand lodge, without having filled the sub- ordinate offices, as is customary, and at the close 132 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA of his term in office as grand master in 1883, was elected grand representative to the , Sovereign Grand Lodge for two years, a capacity in which he attended the session of 1883 at. Providence, Rhode Island, and that of 1884 at Minneapolis, Minnesota. At the latter session Mr. Woodell nominated Hon. Charles M. Busbee, of Raleigh, North Carolina, for deputy grand sire, and this proved the beginning of what finally resulted in the election of the only member of the order from North Carolina who has ever held the office of grand sire. Mr. Busbee was elected deputy grand sire in 1888, and two years later was sent to the chair of grand sire, serving two years in each position. Mr. Woodell attended the session of the Sovereign Grand Lodge at Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1901, at which time he memorized ' ' The Unwritten Work ' ' of Odd Fellowship, being the first in North Carolina to memorize the revised work. He was also very active at this same session in providing means whereby the members of the order could become more familiar with the secret work. At the Grand Lodge session of 1885 at Wilson, North Carolina, Mr. Woodell was elected grand secretary, to succeed Mr. J. J. Litchford, who had served in that capacity for fourteen years and who had declined reelection because of failing health. Since that time Mr. Woodell has been absolutely devoted to his secretarial duties. He has sacrificed time, money and almost everything else for the welfare of this great order which he loves so sincerely, and has been a great contributing factor in its forwarding of the cause of friendship, love and truth. He has burned the midnight oil; and has sacrificed the pleasures of home life to a large degree; he has refused to accept good business propositions whereby he might have accumulated wealth — and many other things, too numerous to mention — and all this for the sake of his fellow man. Mr. Woodell has personally organized a large per cent of the Odd Fellow lodges in North Carolina, and his voice has been heard in almost every lodge room in the state. In 1885, when he was elected grand secretary, there were forty-two lodges in North Carolina, with 1,208 members. In June, 1916, there were 240 lodges, with more than 15,000 members, and a large part of this gain in member- ship may be directly attributed to his faithful and untiring efforts. He has traveled thousands of miles in teaching the members the secret work of the order as well as instructing them in the tenets and jurisprudence of the fraternity. He has com- piled two state digests of Odd Fellows laws, and has framed a large portion of the laws and regula- tions under which the Grand Lodge of North Caro- lina and its subordinates are now working. He was the originator of what is known as the "Club Plan ' ' of admitting members into the order. Mr. Woodell had almost lived out his allotted three-score-and-ten years when, in October, 1908, he was elected editor of the North Carolina Odd Fellow, the state organ of the order, a position which he continued to hold for more than eight years, discharging its duties faithfully in addition to those strenuous ones pertaining to the office of grand secretary, and through this medium has imparted a great deal of valuable information to the membership of the Odd Fellows order in the Old North State. Mr. Woodell has been a consistent member of the Edenton Street Methodist Episcopal Church, South, for more than forty years. He served on the official board of this church for a number of years, and has ever been ready to contribute his share to the institutions of his church, having also been active and generous in his support of enterprises making for civic, educational or moral betterment. James Francis Post. The discipline of the railway service has developed some of the greatest figures in American commercial and industrial affairs. When James Francis Post was nineteen years of age he began working in a minor posi- tion in the freight department of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, and rose to the position of treasurer of the entire Atlantic Coast Line system. He was a native of Wilmington, and spent all his life in that city, which takes the more pride, therefore, in his achievements and career. Born at Wilmington February 24, 1851, he was a son of James F. and Mary Ann (Russell) Post. His father, who served with distinction as a lieu- tenant in the Confederate army during the war, was one of the first men to devote himself ex- clusively to the practice of architecture in North Carolina. James Francis Post had a good education, though he was not a college man," and his first experience in business life was as bookkeeper for a building company. Then at the age of nineteen he became connected with the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, and filled all the positions in the freight department up to and including agent. At the age of twenty-six he was appointed to the respon- sibilities of through freight agent, and held that office eight years. At thirty-four he became as- sistant treasurer for all the Atlantic Coast Line and subsidiary lines and companies. Then in 1887 he was made secretary and treasurer of the company, and was treasurer for the entire system from 1902 to the date of his death. Recognized as) a man of splendid financial ability, and burdened with heavy responsibilities. Mr. Post was, nevertheless, deeply devoted for many years to the welfare of his home city and to many larger projects of educational and benevolent work. He served four years as alder- man of Wilmington, filled the position of mag- istrate ten years, and was also mayor pro tern. For fourteen years Mr. Post was chairman of the Wilmington City School Board. His efforts in behalf of education were not confined to his home city. He was a former trustee of the agricultural School for Negroes, and served as trustee of the State Normal for Women for seven years. He was vice president and director of several com- panies, and was a director of the Peoples Bank. Outside of home and business perhaps his great- est interest was the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, and for twenty-five years he was chair- man of its board of trustees, and filled all other positions and was one of the largest contributors to the new edifice of that church. Mr. Post was a member of the Society of Rail- way Financial Officials of America. He was hon- orary fellow of the American Geological Society and a member of the National Society of Political Economy. For twenty-five years he was a mem- ber of St. John Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, and was a Knight Templar Mason. He was also a Knights of Pythias, a member of the Woodmen of the World and was identified with the Cape Fear Club and the Cape Fear Country Club. On April 6, 1876, Mr. Post married Miss Sarah L- L. X- 1 «^> HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 133 Virginia Jacobs, of an old and prominent Xorth Carolina family. Seven children were born to them, one of whom, Virginia, died at the age of four years. Those still living are: Eobert E., James F., Jr., William N., Mary Eussell, Julia B., and Lydia, Mrs. Herbert Scott Snead. James Francis Post died at his home in Wilmington, Xorth Carolina, on January 5, 1918. Abel C. Lineberger. During the fifteen years that Abel C. Lineberger has figured prominently in the cotton mill industry of Gaston County he has proven his ability as an executive and his worth as a man. Upon no other class do the responsibilities of this community rest 30 heavily :is they do on the shoulders of the men who direct the operations of this industry. As the cotton mills of the various towns and cities are, so are the communities themselves, so do they prosper, or so do they sink into decay. The very life of this section depends upon the strength and probity of those who control the cotton mills. Every man is not fitted by nature and training to assume the duties pertaining to the handling of these interests, so that it is a self-evident fact that when a man makes a success of this kind of work he must be possessed of unusual ability and strict probity of character. Abel C. Lineberger belongs to one of the earliest families of Gaston County, and was born in this county on his father's farm, about l 1 ? miles from the present industrial Town of Lowell, in 1859, his parents being Caleb J. and Fannie CLine- berger) Lineberger. The parents were of the same remote ancestral origin, but of no immediate relationship. The Linebergers are one of the fam- ilies of German origin which settled in what are now Catawba, Gaston and the surrounding coun- ties many years before the Revolutionary war. They were of the same stock that in Pennsylvania is known as the Pennsylvania Dutch. Through their character, industry and progressiveness they have played a decidedly important part in the settlement of Western Xorth Carolina. Three Lineberger brothers, Peter, Lewis and John, came from Germany and probablv lived for a time in Pennsylvania, near York and Lancaster, and came to what is now Gaston County. Xorth Carolina about 1765. They had lost their parents at sea. Of these three brothers Abel C. Lineber°-er is de- scended in direct line from Capt. Lewis" Lineber- ger, who was one of the Revolutionary patriots of North Carolina, and captain of his district in the Continental line. He was a man of great strength and force of character, of unblemished reputation, and one who left his impress upon the affairs of his day and community. He located upon a branch of Hoyle 's Creek, about four miles northeast of the present Town of Dallas in Gaston < ounty, and several generations of his descendants lived on the same place, the house that he erected still standing, although not in use at this time The paternal grandfather of Abel C. Linebero-er was John Lineberger. and his maternal grandfather bore the name of Lewis Lineberger. Caleb J. Lineberger, father of Abel C. lived tor a long number of years on his farm in Gaston • ounty, about 1% miles from the Town of Lowell He is noted in local history for having built the first cotton mill in Gaston County, it being located on the Catawba River, two miles above the present Town of McAndeville, and was operated by water power. Although lacking the machinery and i.i'-ilities of the modern mill, it was a good one for its day and Mr. Lineberger made money out of it. He was a very industrious man, a trait which he inherited from his ancestors, and it was his custom to go on horseback every day from his farm to his mill, starting early in the morning, working all day and returning to his homestead in the evening. Physically he was very active and athletic, living a healthful, vigorous life, and lived to the remarkable age of ninety-sis years, dying in 1914. His mill was three miles from his plantation. Abel C. Lineberger was reared on the farm near Lowell referred to above, a property which he still owns, and one very dear to him as the scene of his childhood and a reminder of many pleasant memories. When he was eighteen years old, in 1886, he left the country school which he had been attending and entered his father 's mill of- fice as bookkeeper, etc. Subsequently he secured employment with Mr. A. P. Rhyne, of Mount Holly, and was employed under him first as a clerk in the store of the Tuckaseege Mill, later as bookkeeper, and still later as general manager of the mercantile and manufacturing business of the Tuckaseege Manufacturing Company, iu which business he eventually secured a financial interest. Mr. Lineberger remained with these interests at Mount Holly until the year 1902, when he dis- posed of his holdings there and removed to Bel- mont, where he had purchased stock in the Bel- mont Mills. Since that time there have been five cotton mills built at Belmont, and Mr. Lineberger has been elected president of each of them as it has been. built, and still retains that position. The Chronicle Mill, built in 1901, has a capital stock of $125,000, and operates 10,270 spindles; the Imperial Tarn Mill, built in 1906, is capitalized at $200,000 and operates 14,544 spindles; the mills of the Majestic Manufacturing Company were built iu 1908, have a capital stock of $200,000. and operate 12,768 spindles; the Xational Yarn Mills, 15,232 spindles, were built in 1914; and in 1916 the Climax Spinning Company Mills, 21,760 spin- dles, were built. Mr. Lineberger is also president of the Vance Cotton Mills at Salisbury. These mills operate 10,000 spindles. The business of these great plants is highly prosperous and at- tracts trade from over a wide territory, the mills being always in operation and giving employment to many operators. The products are various in their nature and include ply yarns, skeins, tubes, combed yarns, combed Egyptian and Sea Island yarns, and others. In addition to being president of these mills Mr. Lineberger is a director of the Bank of Belmont and of the Bank of Mount Holly. He largely confines his energies to the upbuilding of the cotton mills, and has every reason to be satisfied with the success that has attended his efforts in this direction. Mr. Lineberger married Miss Mattie Hippe, and they are the parents of seven children : Julia Elizabeth, Archibald, Henry. Harold, Martha, Frances and Joe. Entil moving to Belmont Mr. Lineberger had always lived on his farm place, where he has 400 acres. The family now resides in a beautiful home at Belmont. He is interested in all that pertains to modern progress along material, intellectual and moral lines, and his charities extend to many worthy enterprises. Calvin Wooparp. It would be difficult to find in Wilson County a more highly esteemed citizen than C. Woodard. who is owner and general man- ager of the C. Woodard Company, wholesale . /v< HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 137 passed since he was called to his final rest, but so valuable were his labors and so well established with a view to the future that he still lives in them and continues to be remembered as one of his county 's real benefactors. John Duncan Currie was born near the present Town of Clarkton in Bladen County, Xorth Caro- lina, January 12, 1835, his parents being Xeill and Sallie (Lennon) Currie. The Curries are of pure Scotch ancestry, the ancestors of the present family having come from Scotland to the Cape Fear sec- tion of North Carolina about the year 1760. The members bearing this name are noted for their nigged and sturdy traits, intellectual strength, unblemished character and high sense of honor. The old home where John D. Currie was born is located 1% miles from the present Town of Clarkton, to the south, in what was then known as the back- woods of Bladen County, but the new county line placed it in the adjoining County of Columbus. However, after the close of the war between the Xorth and the South his home was at Clarkton. His boyhood days were passed on the farm, or in his father's blacksmith shop, or tending the old water mill. In the winter months he attended school at the little log sehoolhouse of the com- munity. Full of life and vigor, he loved to play, could run faster, jump higher and wrestle better than any of his fellows, and at either work or play his ambition was to lead. As a youth he wisely decided to bend every effort toward the gaining of an education, and after being taught the rudiments he prepared himself for college, en- tering the sophomore class at the University of Xorth Carolina at Chapel Hill. Here he made an exceptional record as a student, a member of the class of 1861. During his senior vacation, the war having broken out in the meantime, he joined the Confederate Army, in which he remained until he was literally shot out of the service. The Uni- versity did not forget him, however, and honored him with a graduation diploma in later years. Mr. Currie joined the Eighteenth Xorth Caro- lina Infantry, Company K. in his home county in April, 1861, this regiment forming a part of Gen. A. P. Hill's Division, Stonewall Jackson's Corps. As a soldier he was brave almost to the point of recklessness, and never shirked a duty. He was brought home on a litter, wounded, on three dif- ferent occasions. In the second day 's fight around Richmond he was shot in the right leg, above the knee, at Frazier's Farm, June 30, 1862. He was shot through the right thigh while storming the Federal breastworks at Chancellorsville, on the morning of May 3, 1863. He was shot through the right shoulder on the evening of Mav 5, 1864, at the Battle of the Wilderness. The latter was the most serious of these wounds, from which he suffered much in after years. After the war, although physically handicapped and penniless, his good name and character and determination enabled him to engage in business, he becoming associated with the late John H. Clark in a store at Clarkton, under the firm name of Clark & Currie. For twenty years or more these two were partners, never having the slightest dis- agreement. At the time of dissolving this com- bination Mr. Currie prepared on paper an equal division of the firm 's assets, offering his partner the choice, and this was the manner of settlement. After retiring from business he devoted most of his time and energies to the cause of stirring up his people in behalf of education. To help in this work he established and edited the Clarkton Express, a weekly newspaper founded in 1S89, and in charge of which he remained actively al- most up to the time of his death. For about four years he was superintendent of schools of Bladen County. Mr. Currie was the first democratic state senator from his district after the war, representing the district composed of Bladen and Columbus coun- ties, and sat in the famous Holden impeachment trial. He was likewise a member of the board of county commissioners that redeemed the county from the corruption and misgovernment of carpet bag rule, this board bringing the county out of bankruptcy and placing it upon a sound financial basis. Always one of the county's most pro- gressive and public-spirited citizens, he took the lead in all beneficial measures. Morally, he was pure, temperate in all things, honest in the broad- est sense of the term. He was noted for his ex- treme generosity toward those who were under obligations to him, and on more than one occasion was known to have returned a note or mortgage to the widows of men who had been indebted to him, voluntarily cancelled. Perhaps the greatest am- bition of his later years concerned the welfare of his boys, to whom he afforded every advantage for educational training and business preparation. Xext, as a close second, was his interest in the children of others. He wished to see them edu- cated not only in books, but in morals; educated so as to be honest, truthful, industrious and intel- ligent citizens. He was a lifelong member of the Clarkton Presbyterian Church and a pillar thereof: and a member for years of the board of trustees of the University of Xorth Carolina. Mr. Currie married Amanda Louise Cromartie, who survives him and still resides at Clarkton. She is a daughter of George Cromartie and a member of one of the honored Scotch families who have lived in Bladen County since ante-Revolu- tionary days. The two sons, Xeill Alexander and George Hendon Currie, are most worthily carrying on their father's work and fulfilling his wishes in their careers at Clarkton. The sketches of these two sons occupy other pages of this work. The death of their father occurred at Clarkton July 16, 1901, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. Hox. George Hexdon Cfrrie. It is not every son of a distinguished father who is capable of perpetuating the reputation established by the elder man, but in the case of Hon. George Hendon Currie, of Clarkton, it would seem that the mantle of his father 's eminence had fallen upon his shoul- ders. One of the leading and influential citizens of this part of the state, and a man of state- wide acquaintance and influence in all public and political affairs, he has been prominent and success- ful in business and agriculture, is an ex-repre- sentative and ex-state senator, and at present is serving in the capacity of postmaster of his home city of Clarkton. George Hendon Currie was born at Clarkton, Bladen County, Xorth Carolina, in 1872, his par- ents being Hon. John Duncan and Amanda Louise (Cromartie) Currie, and his grandparents Xeill and Sallie (Lennon) Currie. He comes of a family of pure Scotch ancestry, the founder of which in America came to the Cape Fear community of Xorth Carolina about the year 1760. His father, who passed his entire life at Clarkton, became one of the most eminent men of this locality, a gallant soldier of the Civil war, a leading and prosperous business man and farmer, editor of a newspaper 138 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA largely devoted to the cause of education, a prom- inent figure in public life, and a man universally respected and honored. A review of his career will be found elsewhere in this work. George H. Currie received a most liberal education in his youth, was graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1891, and was a member of the Har- vard Law School graduating class of 1895. While he was fully prepared for the practice of law, he never took up that profession, although a knowl- edge of jurisprudence has been of great benefit to him in his business operations at Clarkton, where lie has been associated in a number of enterprises with his brother, Neill A. Currie. As an agri- culturist Mr. Currie has also been successful, and is the owner at this time of a splendid farm at Armour, Bladen County, twenty-four miles below Clarkton, although Clarkton is the scene of his home, one of the most beautiful of this part of the county. Mr. Currie has served efficiently and faithfully in the office of postmaster since 1913, in which year he received his appointment from President Wil- son. In 1899 he was elected a member of the Lower House of the State Legislature, and in 1901 was sent to the State Senate. In the latter body it was largely through his individual efforts that there was enacted the now universally-ap- proved stock law for his county, in addition to which he also took an active part in all essential constructive legislation. Mr. Currie is one of the leading democrats of his community and a helpful member of the Presbyterian Church at Clarkton. Mr. Currie was married to Miss Marie Sloan, of Davidson, Mecklenburg Countv. North Carolina, daughter of J. Lee and Ida (Withers) Sloan of that place, both families being prominent in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Mr. Sloan for several years has been engaged successfully in the cotton manufacturing business at Davidson, and was an attendant of Davidson College. Mrs. Cur- rie has been active in all public movements in the county, particularly so in those concerning the ' health and education of its inhabitants. She is also active in the Presbyterian Church of Clark- ton. She had charge of the ladies' campaign for raisin? the funds for the Liberty Loan. She was a graduate from the Presbvterian College, now Queens College of Charlotte, North Carolina, in the class of 1907. To Mr. and Mrs. Currie there have been born two children: Tda Withers and George Hendon Currie TIT. Clarence Alexander Johnson. Now recog- nized as one of the most forceful business men of Tarboro, Clarence Alexander Johnson beo-an his career as a stenographer. He had made the best of his rather limited advantages to secure an education, at first in the public schools and later in a business college. He was born on a farm in "Rowan Countv. North Carolina. September 1, 187fi, son of Caleb Webb and Mary Elizabeth (Dixon') Johnson. Altogether he worked six industrious years as a stenographer, and with widening experience and growing capability he then be^an to fill more important niches in business affairs. Tn 1898 he was made local manager of F. S. Royster Company, guano manufacturers at Tar boro. He is now secretary-treasurer of the P. S. Royster Mercantile Company, vice president of the 1 Farmers Banking and Trust Company, an of- ficial in the Pamlico Savings and Trust Com- pany, is president of the Edgecombe Homestead and Loan Association, vice president of the Car- olina Telephone and Telegraph Company, and is one of three men interested in the ownership and operation of large tracts of farming land in Pitt and Edgecombe counties. Mr. Johnson is chairman of the County Board of Education and was formerly chairman of the Board of Public Works of Tarboro. He is presi- dent of the Tar Heel Club and a deacon in the Presbyterian Church. June 15, 1898, he married Miss Cora Lee Brown. daughter of Capt. I. C. and Annie Elizabeth Brown. They have one child, Annie Elizabeth. Edward A. Welfare. The people of Forsyth County have long learned to esteem the good quali- ties, the genial character and the wholesome citizen- ship of Edward A. Welfare, one of the surviving veterans of the great war between the states. He is now living semi-retired at Winston-Salem, has enough employment to break the monotony of com- plete leisure, and at the same time has opportunity to enjoy the riches of friendships both old and new. Mr. Welfare was born at Clemmonsville in Forsyth County, North Carolina, May 24, 1839. His father, Reuben A. Welfare, was born near Friedberg, North Carolina, in 1812. The grand- father, Samuel Welfare, was born in the same neighborhood. He learned the trade of coppersmith, which he followed in Davidson County until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Betsy Fisher, and both lived to a good old age. Reuben A. Welfare also learned the trade of coppersmith and established a shop at Clemmons- ville. One of his principal outputs was the copper stills which were then in such common use. He also did general blacksmith ing. A farm which he bought three quarters of a mile northeast of Clemmonsville was the scene of his last years, and there he died in 1900. He married Eliza Rominger, who was born in the vicinity of Friedberg Church. They reared seven children: Edward A., Jane C, Anna E., Thomas D., Charles R., Mary Rosina and Cornelia. Mr. Edward A. Welfare grew up in the Clem- monsville community, attended school there and made himself a practical assistant on his father's farm. Like Cincinnatus of old he practically left his plow in the field when the war broke out between the states. He enlisted at the first call for troops and became a member of Company A of the Twenty-first North Carolina Regiment. He went with his command into Virginia and fought in the glorious victory at Bull Run or Manassas. After that he was in many of the hardest fought cam- paigns in Virginia and was constantly on duty and ever ready for danger or hazard up to the month of June, 1864. Tn that month he partici- pated in an engagement on the present site of Bedford, once Liberty, Virginia, and was severely wounded. That wound incapacitated him for further active field service, but as soon as he was able he became an assistant in the hospital at Wilson, North Carolina. Thus he continued with the Confederate army in some capacity until the close of hostilities. The war over, he went back to his father's farm and after his marriage he removed to Davidson County to superintend his father-in-law's farm. Mr. Welfare was a farmer in that community until 1873, when he located on the part of the old HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 139 farm which was Mrs. Welfare 's inheritance. In 1884 they leased the farm, which they still own, and have since lived at Salem. Here Mr. Welfare was connected in a clerical capacity with a general store for twenty-two years, and filially resigned to accept a subordinate position with the Southern Railroad Company. His duties are light and pleasant, but give him occupation for his leisure hours and serve to keep up the tone of vigorous life. Mr. Welfare was married February 3, 1867, to Miss Susan E. Rominger. She was born on a farm a mile west of Friedberg, January 25, 1848. Her father was Rev. Jordan Rominger and was born in Davidson County. This is inferred from the fact that his father, Jacob Rominger, was placed by the United States census of 1790 as a resident of Davidson County. Jacob Rominger owned and operated a grist "and saw mill and a plantation in Davidson County. Jordan Rominger, father of Mrs. Welfare, was converted in his early youth and became a preacher in the Methodist Protestant Church and held a number of pastorates in the Iredell circuit. He had his share of old time circuit work and made his rounds from settle- ment to settlement and church to church on horseback and endured privations in his efforts to propagate the gospel. Besides the ministry he cultivated a large and splendid farm in Davidson County, and died there at the age of fifty-five. Mrs. Welfare's mother was Catherine Hanes, a native of Davidson County and a daughter of Phillip and Susan (Frye) Hanes. Phillip Hanes was the owner of a large plantation and many slaves and kept a large equipment of teams which served in the days before railroads for the trans- portation of produce to Fayetteville, 118 miles distant. He took local produce to market and on the return trip brought back such merchandise as was required by the local stores. Both he and his wife lived to a good old age. Mrs. Welfare's parents reared five children: Louisa, Jacob, Susan, Mary and Roswell P. An interesting and impressive event, and one that was made much of in local society at Winston- Salem, was the celebration by Mr. and Mrs. Wel- fare of their golden wedding anniversary in Janu- ary, 1917. In their home, made festive for the occasion, gathered all their six living children, four grandchildren and a great many of their warm and cherished friends. Mr. and Mrs. Wel- fare had eight children : Cora Lee, Roswell P., Charles R., Rupert C, Carrie May, Samuel E., Willie and Hattle L. Cora Lee is still at home with her parents. Roswell P. and Charles R. each died at. the age of twenty-eight. Rupert C. married Lossip Woodward. Carrie May is the wife of Pharles C. Shoffner and has a son, Charles C, Jr. Samuel married Margaret Smith, and their two children are Samuel and Edward. Willie married Evelyn Hooten. Hattie L. is the wife of Howard Bagby and has a son, Howard. Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Welfare are active members of the Home Moravian Church. He keeps up old associations with his army comrades in the Norfleet Camp of United Confederate Veterans. Joel Williams Murchisox. A very consid- erable part at least of the creditable achieve- ments associated with the name Murchison in commercial affairs at Wilmington has been due to the long and successful career of Joel Williams Murchison. head of the J. W. Murchison Com- pany, wholesale hardware merchants. Mr. Mur- chison has been in active business forty-five years, and his name is a synonym of that commercial integrity which is an asset far beyond the mere value of stock and store. Mr. Murchison was born at Manchester, North Carolina, March 20, 1853, a son of John Reid and Jane (Williams) Murchison. His father was both a manufacturer and merchant. Mr. Murchi- son completed his education in the noted Bingham Military School, and at the age of eighteen began his mercantile career. In 1873 he engaged in the wholesale and retail hardware business, and many consecutive years of close application have enabled him to build up the great concern of which he is now the head. His hardware business is now conducted in one of the leading establish- ments of the wholesale district at Wilmington, and the home of the concern is a three-story build- ing 185 by 66 feet. Mr. Murchison has been an active member of the Carolina Yacht Club for the past forty years. He also belongs to the Cape Fear Club, the Cape Fear Country Club, the Masonic Order and is a vestryman of St. James ' Episcopal Church. On November 25, 1880, he married Miss Loulie Atkinson, of Wilmington. They are the parents of five children : Jennie Atkinson ; Fannie, wife of M. A. Curtis, Jr., a paint manufacturer at Wilmington; John R., who is associated with the J. W. Murchison Company; Dr. David Reid, a successful physician at Detroit, Michigan ; and Lucy Atkinson. Edwix T. Burton' has made rapid progress since beginning the practice of law at Wilmington in August, 1914. and is now serving as solicitor for Wilmington and New Hanover County, an office to which he was elected in 1916. He has also identified himself with local business affairs, and is treasurer of the Lassiter-McDuffie Company, and secretary and treasurer of the Newtune Fisheries Company. He was born in Pender County, North Caro- lina, May 19, 1891, a son of Amos B. Burton. His father has been both farmer and merchant. After his early training in private schools and in the academy at Burgaw in his native county, Edwin T. Burton entered the law department of Wake Forest College, where he was graduated in the law in February, 1914. Before beginning prac- tice he took special English courses in Valparaiso University in Indiana. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar As- sociation in good standing, and fraternally is af- filiated with Wilmington Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons : the Junior Order of United American Mechanics: with Cornelius Harnell Coun- cil No. 2.37. of the Royal Arcanum ; with Cherokee Tribe No. 9, of the Improved Order of Red Men, and with the Knights of Pythias. He and his family are members of the First Baptist Church of Wilmington. On April 29, 1914, Mr. Burton married Miss Eulah Higgs, of Calhoun, Kentucky. Thev have two children, Marv Lamar and Edwin T., Jr. Robert Edgar Ci-rrier, of Black Mountain, out of a srreat varietv of experience has achieved something more than a local reputation as an able insurance man. banker and an exnert on business detail, and is one of the live spirits both in business and civic affairs at Black Moun- tain. He was born in Milford, Massachusetts, August 140 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 11, 1884, a son of Edgar and Ella Florence (Un- derbill) Currier. His father was a merchant. The son was educated both in the public and pri- vate schools, and his first business experience was two years spent with a trunk and bag man- ufacturing establishment. For five years Mr. Cur- rier was clerk in the traffic department of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway on the division be- tween Petersburg, Virginia, and Tarboro, North Carolina. He resigned this position to become special agent for the Pamlico Insurance and Bank- ing Company, but three years later, in 1910, re- moved to Black Mountain. Here his work has been in the general field of insurance and real estate and he is also auditor for Perley & Crock- ett, a leading lumber firm, and is also auditor for the Mount Mitchell Railroad. For two years he served as town clerk, treasurer and alderman of Black Mountain. Mr. Currier is vestryman and treasurer of St. James' Episcopal Church. De- cember 21, 1911, he married Sarah Marie Parkin- son, of Bellevue, Ohio. William Jackson Mock. Reference to the career of William J. Mock, who has long been ac- tively concerned with public affairs in Forsyth County, brings into notice a number of well known families in this section of the state. Mr. Mock himself is a native of Davidson County, having been born on a farm at the junction of Muddy Creek and Yadkin River January 1, 1872. His grandfather, Jesse Mock, a native of the same county, owned and developed a large plantation bordering on Muddy Creek. Both he and his wife, Mary, were active members of the Moravian Church at Friedberg in that county and are buried in the churchyard there. Their four children were: Mary, Matilda, Alexander B. and Lewis. Lewis entered the service of the Con- federate army early in the war and lost his life when about twenty years of age. Alexander B. Mock, father of William J., was born on his father 's plantation on Muddy Creek about four miles above its mouth, grew up in the country district and had only the quiet and peaceful environment of the farmer boy until the war broke out between the states. He volunteered his services, and did his part in defending the South. With the close of the war he went back home and again resumed farming. His farm was more than a scene of agricultural activities. It was the site of a saw and grist mill and a cotton gin. All these were operated under his management and he did a prosperous business for a number of years through these mills and his farm. In 1880 he sold his possessions in Davidson County and removed to Winston, which was then a small but promising town. Here he acquired 200 acres of land. Its east boundary was between Cherry and Spring streets and the tract extended westward so as to include a large part of the now beautiful west end section of Winston-Salem. Thirty-five years ago the west end was almost an unbroken forest. Alexander Mock built his private residence at the southeast cornor of Spring and West Fourth streets. He became one of the early contractors and builders of the town, but subsequently bought a farm of 400 acres on the Shallow Ford Road four miles west of Winston and that was the family home. His business as contractor and builder he continued to the end of his active career. His death occurred in March, 1901, when he was about sixty-seven years of nge. Alexander B. Mock married Louisa Rominger. She wns born near Friedberg Church in Davidson County, a daughter of Rev. Jordan Rominger, a native of the same locality, and a granddaughter of Jacob Rominger, whose extensive interests as a farmer made him a man of note in Davidson County. Rev. Jordan Rominger became a minister of the Metho- dist Protestant Church and for a number of years rode the Iredell circuit, preaching the gospel in many isolated communities. While devoted to the ministry, its pursuits did not prevent his man- agement of an extensive farm. He died at the age of fifty-five. Rev. Jordan Rominger married Catherine Hanes, daughter of Philip and Susan (Frye) Hanes, her father having a large plantation which before the war was operated by numerous slaves. Both Philip Hanes and wife lived to a good old age. Mrs. Louisa Mock died in 1886, leav- ing six children : C. Jacob, William Jackson, Jesse L., Wesley E., Lillie and Sarah. The father married for his second wife, Alice Norman, who is still living. William J. Mock spent his early life partly on his father's farm in Davidson County, partly in Wins- ton, and also on the homestead west of that town. He attended public school at Winston, and found plenty to do on his father's place. At the age of eighteen he left home and took the role of a com- mercial traveler. He did well in this business and sold goods on the road until 1898. In that year Mr. Mock enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war. He became a member of Company L of the Fourth Regiment, Fourth New York Immunes. He went with that highly efficient command to Cuba and remained on duty on the island fourteen months. Though the regiment was all this time under a tropical sun, exposed to the terrors of disease in a southern climate, more frightful than any enemy's bullets, not one of the 1200 men of the regiment died while on the island and the only mortality of the regiment was one who died during the trip back to the United States. After receiving his honorable discharge, Mr. Mock returned to Winston and for a season worked on his father's farm. For five years he was conductor on the local street railway, and then went on the police force of Winston-Salem. After three years as a police- man, in September, 1913, he accepted the appoint- ment as superintendent of the County Home and Farm of Forsyth County. These are his responsi- bilities at present and he is earning the gratitude of the entire community by his just and efficient administration of one of the county's most im- portant institutions. Mr. Mock was married October 12, 1900, to Miss Cora Norman. She was born in Oldtown Township of Forsyth County. Her father, Julius Norman, was born in South Fork Township, where her grandfather, Joshua Norman, had a large plantation and spent all his active years. Mrs. Mock's father grew up on a farm and now owns and occupies a well improved place in South Fork Township. His wife's maiden name was Regina Conrad, a native of South Fork Township. Her father, Isaac Conrad, was born in the same locality, a son of Gideon Conrad, one of the very early settlers of what is now Forsyth County. Two brothers of Gideon were also pioneers in this local- ity and their descendants are now numerous. Isaac Conrad had a farm in South Fork Township. He married Sarah Shamell, whose father, Peter Shamell, at one time owned and occupied a planta- tion a mile and a half from Mount'Tabor Church. Isaac Conrad and wife were active Methodists HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 143 bought land near Moravian Falls, and there lived until his death, in June, 1916. The maiden name of the wife of Coffey Laws was Amanda Roberson. She was born in Wilkes County, near Poors Knob, a daughter of John and Almedia (Williams) Roberson, and since the death of her husband makes her home with her children, of whom she had seven, namely: R. Don, Mattie, Leonard B., Bynum, Alice, Curtis B. and Jones. She is a most estimable woman and a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Having obtained his elementary education in what was called the ' ' Old Field School, ' ' R, Don Laws continued his studies at the Moravian Falls Academy, in which Prof. George W. Greene and Prof. R. L. Patton, noted educators, were in- structors. As a boy he exhibited a great love for books, and ere entering his teens wrote some very good poetry, stories and compositions, in his lit- erary efforts, being greatly encouraged by his father. He also possessed considerable mechanical ability and inventive genius, and some skill in de- signing and wood carving. Putting his native born talents to good use, Mr. Laws manufactured, after his own designs, the first printing press he ever saw, and with his pocket knife carved several fonts of type. Manufacturing some ink from the bark of walnut roots, he began experimenting, and a speci- men of the very first printing he ever did is care- fully treasured by the editor of the Yellow Jacket, holding an honored position beside the rude wooden printing press that he constructed when a lad. Although Mr. Laws ' educational advantages were but limited, he acquired a practical knowl- edge of books through home study and good read- ing, and after attaining his majority taught school several winter terms, in the summer working on the farm. In 1895, still ambitious to enter the field of journalism, he bought a second hand printing press and some type, and in the cellar of his home issued the first numbers of the Yellow Jacket, a three-column, four page paper, which he adver- tised to publish once a month for the small price of 10 cents a year. The growth of the paper was very slow for a time, scarce paying expenses, but in 1898 its merits began to be appreciated, and ere long its circulation was greatly increased. The necessities of his business soon after demanded more commodious quarters and better machinery and equipments, and Mr. Laws installed new print- ing presses, which he ran by water power. In April, 1899, Mr. Laws changed the paper from a monthly to a weekly publication, advancing the price to -50 cents a year. Subsequently its circu- lation grew to enormous proportions, and in order to increase its supply he introduced a Country Campbell cylinder press, and a kerosene motor. In December, 1900, the Yellow Jacket was changed to a bi-weekly journal, an arrangement that allowed the proprietor to give much more time to his nditorial work. In August, 1901, Mr. Laws trans- ferred his plant to the Village of Moravian Falls, where he is still doing business on a large scale, being one of the best known and most highly re- spected journalists of Wilkes County. He has one of the best equipped offices and plants in this part of North Carolina, his machinery being up-to-date in every respect, while his office equipment has reached a point of efficiency rarely found outside of the larger cities. An expert manager, Mr. Laws has done all of his planning, and the almost un- precedented growth of his business bears evidence of his wisdom and good judgment. In 1895 Mr. Laws was united in marriage with Miss Dora Wallace, who was born near Poors Knob, Wilkes County, a daughter of Franklin and Mary (Broyhill) Wallace. Six children have brightened the union of Mr. and Mrs. Laws, namely: Barney W., Shatter R., Thelma M., Frances A., Mattie Rose and R. Don, Jr. In his political affiliations Mr. Laws is a stanch repub- lican, and a firm believer in the doctrine of protec- tion for home industries. Although he has ever been too busy to accept public office, he has served acceptably as a member of the local school board, and is now chairman of the Wilkes County Good Roads Commission. Henry Emil Bonitz, an architect at Wilming- ton, North Carolina, whose work is widely known all over our state and South Carolina, was a mem- ber of the first graduating class of the State Col- lege of Agriculture and Engineering, and he now enjoys the distinction of being the oldest native North Carolinian in the architectural profession in the state who received his technical training in North Carolina. He was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina, April 16, 1872, a son of John Henry William and Mary Elise Bonitz. His father, a native of Han- over, immigrated to America in 1856, at which time, Hanover was not a province of Germany, being an independent principality and ruled by Prince Albert, consort of the beloved Queen Vic- toria of England. Mr. Bonitz 's father was well known as a hotel proprietor in Goldsboro and Wilmington. Mr. Bonitz was a student in the Goldsboro graded school, which was the first graded school established in our state. His uncle, Mr. Julius A. Bonitz, was the prime mover in the establish- ment of this school. In Wilmington he was a student in the Bradley School, and in 1889 he en- tered the State College of Agriculture and Engi- neering at Raleigh, and was among the first twelve students who entered that institution. He graduated second in his class, with the degree of Bachelor of Engineering, in the year 1893. He was l 1 /* years in the office of James F. Post, a well known architect in Wilmington. In 1894 lie entered business for himself, and he has pre- pared plans and supervised the construction of much important architectural work in the state, his specialty for a number of years having been the designing and construction of schools, eollegef and churches. The Young Men's Christian As- sociation Building that stands on the campus of the State College of Agriculture and Engineering in Raleigh attests his skill, and there are many examples of his work in schools and churches all over the state. Mr. Bonitz served at one time as a member of the board of trustees of the State College of Agri- culture and Engineering. He is a member of the Lutheran Church and is a great exponent of fra- ternity, being member of many fraternal societies and having occupied responsible positions in these societies. He is a past grand regent in the Royal Arcanum, and is at this time grand secretary for the State of North Carolina. January 12, 1898, he married Miss Katherine Burnett, of Wilmington, and their children are: John Henry William, a junior with the rank of first lieutenant at the State College; Katherine Marie, Marjorie and Katharine Louise. Thomas Everett Bardtx. It can scarcely be denied that some communities all over the countrr 144 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA make more rapid progress than others. There must be a reason. Location perhaps is a factor and climate may have influence in a community's development in some directions, but undoubtedly the real explanation of favorable growth lies in the personality of the business men through whose energy and foresight enterprises are founded and fostered. Every community must have men of this class in order to advance at all, and when, to their business acumen and commercial vision is added the sterling traits of character that bring them the confidence and esteem of their fellow citizens, the necessary elements for community progress are at hand and it is not unusual to find that these are the men who largely control public affairs as well as business interests. The same good judgment that has brought success to their private undertakings is used to further the public movements that must be carefully looked after by honest and competent officials in order that the public welfare may be conserved. The above lines came to mind in considering the business and official importance of one of the leading citizens of Columbus County, North Carolina, Thomas Everett Bardin, who is prominent here both in business and official life. Thomas Everett Bardin was born in Sampson County, North Carolina, February 22, 1863. The date may be considered one of happy augury, especially as his father's name is Thomas Wash- ington Bardin. The name of his mother is Elizabeth (Bass) Bardin. The father is a mer- chant and a turpentine operator. Thomas Everett Bardin was given careful edu- cational superintendence in his youth, attending private schools only. In 1865, when he was but two years old, his parents moved to Cerro Gordo, in Columbus County, and this county has been his home ever since. After completing his educa- tion he turned his attention to business and in the mercantile field found an outlet for his activities, building up a large business as a merchant at Cerro Gordo. He became a man of public affairs there also and for a number of years served as mayor, and the record of his long administration shows a large amount of progressive work accom- plished in the way of street paving and public utilities installed. In December, 1912, Mr. Bardin located in Chad- bourne. He was already widely known over the county and in the same year was elected county treasurer. He returned to Cerro Gordo in 1917 to take charge of his farming interests, where he has built a fine new home and continues to be interested in agricultural pursuits quite exten- sively, owning valuable farm land. In 1914 he was re-elected treasurer of Columbus County, and for twenty years has been a justice of the peace. He is one of the directors of the Cerro Gordo Bank. On October 5, 1889, Mr. Bardin was united in marriage with Miss Maggie Riddick, a native of Columbus County and a daughter of "William Edward and Rebecca (Barnes) Riddick, both parents coming from old Virginia families. Mr. and Mrs. Bardin are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Cerro Gordo and he belongs to its board of trustees. His name "frequently appears as a leader in benevolent movements, whether local or otherwise, while his numerous private charities prove that his church profession and membership are matters of chris- tian conviction. He may justly be numbered with the representative men of his community and, as indicated, is one of the solid and useful citizens of Columbus County. Elijah Thomas Dickinson, M. D. To the field of surgery Doctor Dickinson has given his talents and superior attainments and for a num- ber of years has taken first rank in that de- partment of his profession. He was born in Wayne County, North Caro- lina, August 10, 1870. His parents, Leonard and Phoebe (Smith) Dickinson, were substantial farm- ers of Wayne County. Reared on a farm and in a country atmosphere, Doctor Dickinson acquired health and strength, and was also well educated. He attended private school at Fremont, North Carolina, and in 1894 graduated Bachelor of Sci- ence from Trinity College. He had already taken up the study of medicine, and entering the Med- ical College of Virginia he graduated M. D. in 1895. Thus his experience in the profession cov- ers a period of over twenty years. For a year he practiced at High Point, North Carolina, and in 1896 removed to Smithfield, where he had a general practice with an increasing attention to surgery for six years. Doctor Dickinson removed to Wilson in May, 1902. Here he bought an in- terest in the Wilson Sanatorium, and is presi- dent of the Wilson Sanatorium Company, is its chief surgeon, and he now gives all his time to his practice. Doctor Dickinson is a member of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway Association of Surgeons, of the North Carolina Surgeons Clinic Club, and be- longs to the Wilson County, the North Carolina State, the Fourth District and the Seaboard and Tri-State Medical societies and the American Med- ical Association. He is also a member of the Country and Rotary clubs at Wilson and he and his family are members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, South. On August 11, 1903, he married Miss Willie Watson, of Henderson, North Carolina. Her par- ents were William and Mrs. Louise (Wright') Watson. They have five children: Frances, Lou- ise Wright, Nellie Bond, Rowena Sharp and Alice. Winston L. Reece. A well known and highly successful member of the legal fraternity of Surry County, Winston L. Reece, attorney at law in Dob- son, is a fine representative of the native sons of North Carolina. He was born September '22, 1862, in Booneville Township, Yadkin County, which was likewise the birthplace of his father, Winston Reece, and of his grandfather, John Reece. His great-grandfather on the paternal side came from England, where his ancestors settled on leaving Wales, to North Carolina in colonial days, and as a pioneer settler of Yadkin County was an active and able assistant in the development of its agri- cultural resources. A life-long resident of Booneville Township, John Reece became the owner of a plantation which he operated with slave labor until his death, at the good old age of seventy-nine years. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Crutchfield. She was a daughter of Richard Crutchfield, who improved a, fine plantation on the Yadkin River in Booneville Township, and there spent the remainder of his days, his body at his death being laid to rest on the home farm. Mrs. John Reece survived her ^r\4r ^£-e~~^ HISTORY OF XOETII CAROLINA 145 husband, dying at the age of four score and four years. Winston Eeece was born and brought up on the home plantation, and at the age of twenty-one years received from his father as a gift ninety acres of the old Crutchfield homestead farm. Dur- ing the Civil war he enlisted in the Confederate army, and going with his command to Virginia re- mained in the service until the close of the con- flict. Returning home, he resumed farming, and as an agriculturist met with eminent success. At the death of his parents he purchased the interest of the remaining heirs in the old Eeece plantation, thus becoming sole owner. Preferring, however, to continue to occupy the Crutchfield homestead, he erected a good set of buildings, and there resided until his death, February 20, 1911. The maiden name of the wife of Winston Reece was Mary Jane Dobbins. She was born in Boone- ville Township. Yadkin County, a daughter of Joshua and Susanna (Burcham) Dobbins, the latter of whom was a native of Surry County. Joshua Dobbins, who belonged to one of the early families of North Carolina, some of whose mem- bers omit the final " s ' ' in spelling the name, was a pioneer school teacher of Yadkin County, and in addition to following his profession was also a cabinet maker and a farmer. Late in life he migrated to Iowa and there spent his last days, dying at the home of a son in Hardin County. Mrs. Reece passed to the higher life February 19, 1907, at the age of seventy-six years. To her and her husband nine children were born, namely: Mont- gomery, a physician in Elkin, North Carolina ; Collie: Winston L.; Cornelia: Minnie: Ada: Viola: Lelia; and Mabel. Winston L. Reece acquired his first knowledge of books in the rural schools of his native town- ship, and after continuing hi? studies at the Boone- ville High School was prepared for college at the Globe Academy in Caldwell County. The ensuing year he spent at Wake Forest College, after which he took a course of two years at the University of North Carolina. Entering then the law department of that institution, Mr. Reece was there graduated with the class of 1886. Beginning the practice of his chosen profession in Surry, he has met with well merited success, his legal skill, ability and knowl- edge being recognized throughout this section of the state. Mr. Reece married, December 18, 1905, Miss Dora. P. Shore, a daughter of Wiley and Sarah (William') Shore. Three children have blessed their union, Gertrude, Emma and Edith. Fra- ternallv Mr. Reece is a member of Dobson Lodge No. 117, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Re- ligiously Mr. and Mrs. Reece are active members of the Baptist Church in which he has served as deacon for the past four years, while for a number of years he has been superintendent of its Sunday school and for the past five years moderator of the Surry Baptist Association. Mr. Reece is also an active member of the North Carolina Baptist Conference. Thomas Atkinson Jones is a prominent Ashe- villo lawyer. He studied law at Washington, T>. C, at Asheville was admitted to the bar in 1S84. and with a large private practice has filled some onerous public positions. He was judge of the Criminal Court of Buncombe County from 1S92 to 1895, and from 1904 to 1906 was judge of the Police Court of Asheville. Judge Jones was born in Danville, Virginia, Vol. v— 10 October 8, 1860, son of Benjamin Moseley and Agnes Poythress (Atkinson) Jones. His early education was supplied by the public schools until 1875. He began the study of law in private offices. He is an active member of the North Carolina Bar Association. In 1886 he attained the rank of second lieutenant in the Asheville Light Artillery Company. Judge Jones is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a Knight of Pythias and an Elk and a member of the Episcopal Church. He takes proper pride in the talents and achieve- ments of his three children. The oldest, Thomas A. Jr., is a graduate of the University of North Carolina, and is now a second lieutenant in artillery, serving with the United States Army in France! The daughter Janie is a graduate of St. Genevieve Convent. The younger son, Charles Myers, graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in. 1917 and is now captain in the United States Marine Corps on the U. S. S. Florida. Capt. C. M. Jones married November 15, 1917, Susannah Busbee, of Raleigh. Andrew G. Holmes. For almost 100 years the Holmes family has lived in the northern part of Columbus County, North Carolina. It is of Eng- lish origin. As a family it has been devoted to quiet pursuits, to the building of substantial homes, to broadening its field of knowledge and to mak- ing the most of life through industry that brings a competency and the cultivation ancl preservation of those sterling qualities that dignify and sweeten life. Andrew G. Holmes, who for many years has been a prominent merchant at Council in Bladen County, was born in 1855, but a few miles south of Council, in the northern part of Columbus County, which had been the home of his great-grandfa- ther, Gabriel Holmes, and the birthplace of his grandfather and his father. His parents were George and Sarah (Nye) Holmes. Mr. Holmes grew to the age of ten years with but meager educational advantages because of disturbed con- ditions incident to the progress of the war be- tween the states. Naturally industrious, he sought early to be self-supporting, and found his first earning position on a farm, where, as plough-boy, he was given his board and a salary of $8 per month. Following this he worked in the turpentine industry for about five years, ancl then bought a photographic outfit and for four years traveled through the country taking pictures. In 1886 Mr. Holmes established himself in the mercantile business at Council, selecting this point on account of the railroad facilities afforded by the Seaboard Air Line, and also because of the contiguous large extent of agricultural country and timber lands that had to be supplied with commodities. His store, conducted under the name of A. G. Holmes, is a large establishment. He carries a complete line of general merchandise and supplies of agricultural and mill machinery and enjoys an extensive trade. For several years he was also extensively concerned in the manufacture of turpentine tools at Council, the products of his factory being found in all turpentine distilling sections of the South, but this feature of his busi- ness he has discontinued. Mr. Holmes was married first to Miss Sarah M. Pate, who is survived by six children : Andrew Byron, Avery Giles, Alonzo Herbert, Cuthbert Bell, Clayton Carr and Beulah. The eldest son, Dr. Andrew Bvron Holmes, is a graduate of Trinitv 146 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA College and of Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, class of 1910. He entered into practice at Council, but shortly after his country became involved in the World war with Germany he sacri- ficed his brilliant prospects and volunteered his services in the Medical Corps of the National Army, and at the time this record is prepared (February, 1918) is a surgeon with the rank of lieutenant, stationed at Camp Beauregard, Louisi- ana. The second son, Dr. Avery Giles Holmes, like, his patriotic brother, gave up a promising professional career as a dental surgeon to serve his country in her hour of need. He also is a Trinity man and is a graduate of the Atlanta Den- tal College. ' In competition with 150 applicants Doctor Holmes was one of the thirty selected sur- geon dentists commissioned lieutenant, bis present rank in the National Army. The third son, Alonzo Herbert Holmes, who was associated with his father in business and additionally was postmaster of Council, is also a member of the United States Army and is at Camp Jackson. The next younger brother, Cuthbert Bell Holmes, is an enterprising business man and is agent at Council for the Sea- board Air Line Railway. The two younger chil- dren are yet in school. Mr. Holmes was married second to Miss Mattie Edwards, who is a daughter of George A. Edwards, of Bladen County, and they have five children: Selena Hazel, Mattie Hilda, Caroline Evelyn, Sarah Minnie and Edith Estelle. Mr. Holmes owns a beautiful home at Council and also valu- able agricultural properties in Columbus County. As a merchant he has high standing in the com- mercial field and his long record of integrity in business has brought him the confidence and esteem of all who have had business relations with him, and this attitude of his fellow citizens he values highly. During the many years that he has re- sided at Council he has assisted in the develop- ment of her best interests and has never been un- mindful of his citizenship responsibilities, although unwilling at all times to serve in public office. Richard Henry Lewis, M. D., LL. D. When on May 8, 1912, the University of North Carolina conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws upon its honored alumnus Doctor Lewis, Dean Raper in pre- senting him for the degree used the following words: "I have the honor to present for the degree of Doctor of Laws Richard Henry Lewis, secretary of the North Carolina Board of Health, 1892-1909; president of the National Conference of State and Provincial Boards of Health of North America in 1906; president of the American Public Health Association in 1908; distinguished for a rare charm of personality, for excellence as a physician and teacher of medicine, and above all for a long and valued service in the promotion of public health." For over forty years Doctor Lewis has lived at Raleigh and confined his private practice to his specialty in treatment of the diseases of the eye and ear. Conspicuous as he has been in his pro- fession as a specialist, his work in the broader field of public health has transcended all other service. It is not difficult to find abundant evi- dence to testify this. The first paragraph of the report on North Carolina in Dr. Charles V. Chapin 's "Report of State Public Health Work based on a Survey of State Boards of Health," reads: "The present activities and progressive attitude of the North Carolina Department of Health are largely due to the self-sacrificing efforts of the fonr.er secretary, Doctor Lewis, who voluntarily resigned so that a full time executive might be appointed." Another partial quotation should be made from the resolutions adopted by the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina. The preamble of those resolutions reads : ' ' Our former and most efficient secretary of the Board of Health, Dr. R. H. Lewis, has decided it necessary to resign from the position; for the long period of nearly seven- teen years of arduous and difficult labor he has accomplished so much by unfaltering zeal and de- votion for the upbuilding and honor of the pro- fession both of the state of North Carolina and of the nation, he has so carefully safeguarded the people against the threatened inroad of disease as to save innumerable lives, the suffering incident thereto and great pecuniary loss; and during these strenuous years we have seen and appreciated the results of his great labors; now wishing to express the esteem in which he is held not alone by the profession but by the laity be it hereby resolved that this society expresses its conviction that he has done more, both in his official and individual capacity, than would have been possible for any other one to have done. ' ' Richard Henry Lewis was born February 18, 1850, at Greenwreath, the Foreman place on the Tar River, eight miles above Greenville in Pitt County. He was the only son of the marriage of Richard Henry Lewis and Martha Elizabeth Hos- kins. His father died in January, 1857, and the mother moved to Tarboro, where Doctor Lewis spent his youth. He attended the Owen School, the Tarboro Male Academy, and the well known school conducted by R. H. Graves in Granville County. In 1866 he entered the State University of North Carolina, where he was a first honor man in his classes. The university was closed as a result of political changes in 1868, and he then continued his studies for one year in the University of Vir- ginia. In 1869 he began the study of medicine at the University of Virginia, but in the following year entered the University of Maryland, where he graduated M. D. March 1, 1871. He was then elected assistant and later resident physician of Baltimore Infirmary of the University of Maryland Hospital. After a brief practice at Tarboro Doctor Lewis determined to specialize on diseases of the eye and ear. Part of his training was obtained in the office of Doctor Chisolm of Baltimore, and also at the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital at Moorfields, London. Doctor Lewis began the practice of his specialty at Savannah, Georgia, in 1875. He was soon elected to the Chair of Diseases of the Eye and Ear in the Savannah Medical College. Returning to his native state in 1877, he has practiced at Raleigh since that year and since 1886 has been associated with his brother-in-law Dr. Kemp P. Battle, Jr. The firm is now Lewis, Battle & Wright, the junior member being Dr. J. B. Wright. Doctor Lewis has been a member of the State Medical Society of North Carolina since 1877. He served as a member of the Board of Medical Ex- aminers from 1880 to 1884, as president of the society in 1890-91, and was chairman of its com- mittee on legislation for about twenty years until he resigned in 1912. Doctor Lewis was elected a member of the State Board of Health in 1885, and in 1892 succeeded Dr. Thomas Fanning Wood as secretary of the Board of Health. Doctor Wood had been first secretary from 1877 to 1892. In the dual capacity of chairman of the committee on HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 147 legislation of the medical society and as secretary of the Board of Health Doctor Lewis was chiefly instrumental in securing valuable amendments to the medical license law, in preventing threatened legislation that would have greatly impaired that most important statute and in placing upon the statute books laws bearing upon the public health which placed North Carolina in the forefront of the Southern States. From 1885 the total annual appropriation for the work of the State Board of Health had been only $2,000. Necessarily a physician of high standing could not devote his entire time to the duties of secretary of the board. For years Doctor Lewis had worked steadily to extend the power of the State Board of Health, and finally secured the pas- sage of a bill in 1909 providing for an appropria- tion of $6,000 and requiring the secretary to give his entire time to the work. Feeling that he could not sacrifice his own private practice in order to continue the duties of secretary, Doctor Lewis re- signed after obtaining the positive promise of a first class man to accept the office -of secretary. Thus he resigned July 1, 1909, and was succeeded by Dr. W. S. Rankin.' A very interesting and instructive account of Doctor Lewis' administration in the development of the State Board of Health is found in a bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health for June, 1913. A review of even the more important fea- tures of his administration could not be well at- tempted in this sketch. His attention was early directed to the securing of proper legislation pro- viding for the better protection of various com- munities from the introduction of infectious dis- eases, safeguarding the health of school children, and protecting the drinking waters of the state. After nearly ten years of a propaganda led by Doctor Lewis, the American Publie Health Asso- ciation placed North Carolina with only three other states in the first class as regards the wholesome- ness and purity of its publie and private water supplies. Doctor Lewis also had a prominent part in the anti-tuberculosis campaign in North Car- olina. Of the efficiency and benefit of his admin- istration in general, the words quoted at the be- ginning of this article are a degree of praise which, though entirely merited, make one of the rare dis- tinctions that come to men who unselfishly devote themselves to the publie welfare. Reference has already been made to the fact that Doctor Lewis was elected president in 1905 of the National Conference of State and Provincial Boards of Health of North America ( United States and Canada). In 1907 he was elected presi- dent of the American Public Health Association, comprising the countries United States, Canada, Mexico and Cuba. In appreciation of his labors the State Health Officers Association presented him with a handsome gold-headed cane. For twenty years Doctor Lewis was professor of diseases of the eye and ear in the Leonard Medical School and of diseases of the eye in the graduate department of the Medical School of the State University as long as it was maintained. He has been a leader in more than one department of human activity. For years he has been devoted to farming along modern scientific lines. He was the first in his part of the country to build a silo and the first to use cream separators in his dairy. He has always been prominent in good roads movements and legis- lation, and fathered that movement in Wake County. He was also influential in securing the first legislation for the betterment of countrv roads in North Carolina. Doctor Lewis was president of the North Carolina Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in 1910-12, and has been president of the State Audubon Society since 1902. He is a trustee of the State University, of St. Mary's School, St. Augustine Normal School and of the school committee of Raleigh Township. He is a director in the State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis, a director in the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh, and is senior warden in Christ Church parish. On February 13, 1877, he married Cornelia Viola Bat- tle, who" died in 1886. On April 16, 1890, he mar- ried Mary Long Gordon, who died August 30, 1895. October 27, 1897, he married Mrs. Annie Blackwell Foreman, who died October 30, 1917. To a large degree Doctor Lewis attributes his successful career to the splendid influence of his devoted mother and the encouragement she gave him for a broad and resourceful life. To conclude this sketch there should be quoted a characterization of Doctor Lewis written by Bishop Joseph Blount Cheshire. This characterization is as follows: ' ' Dr. Lewis is a man of strong natural under- standing, of clear and penetrating intellect, of just and accurate discrimination, and of a capacious mind well stored with the fruits of study and ob- servation. Diligence and perseverance in youth im- proved the opportunities afforded by the best insti- tutions at home and abroad. An unusual native endowment of courage, patience, frankness, gen- erosity and unclouded sincerity have been developed and strengthened into permanent qualities of matured character, under the best influences of early Christian nurture, and by the discipline of years of vigorous exercise in close contact with the real- ities of domestic, social and public life. "Eminent in his profession, he is equally eminent for the best and most attractive qualities in social life, and for a practical publie spirit and benevolence which have for years made him a strong personal influence in support of every move- ment for the best interests of his city, county and state. Dear to his friends, a welcome guest in all companies, he is of that genial, kindly, responsive and wholly unaffected nature which commands in- stantaneous recognition even from strangers; sin- gular clearness and perspicuousness in thought and in expression, intelligence and knowledge, illum- inated by an adequate and not excessive sense of humor, render his conversation as instructive as it is entertaining ; and the same genuine qualities give him an unusual effectiveness as a speaker, espe- cially in his own line of popular Scientific Exposi- tion. "That, which is characteristic of the man may perhaps be expressed most adequately by the words, Balance, Equipoise. The best qualities of heart and mind are so admirably combined, and have been so fairly and evenly developed in the varied discipline of a broad and sympathetic life experience that they have produced the simple, unaffected, unconscious excellence of Normal Chris- tian manhood." Rev. John* Alexander Beam. During the past five years Rev. John Alexander Beam has served as superintendent of public instruction of Person County and now ranks with the leading educators in this part of the state. His interest in his work has been deep, sincere, zealous and unabat- ing, the present excellent school system being largely due to his labors. His work has been pro- gressive and practical in character, proving of 148 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA the greatest benefit to the county, and likewise he has been true to every public and private trust. Mr. Beam was born December 23, 1857, in Cleveland County, North Carolina, a son of Martin and Susan (Petty) Beam. His parents were agricultural people, and the youth was reared in a farming atmosphere, his early education being secured in the Black Eock Academy, while later he attended the Shelby High School. Possessed of but meagre finances, he worked out his own education from that point forward, and by accept- ing employment in Cleveland County and assisting other students he managed to secure a course in Wake Forest College, from which he was gradu- ated with the class of 1885, and also to secure instruction at the Louisville (Kentucky) Seminary. Upon leaving the seminary in 1886 he accepted a field of ■ county churches and located in Barboro. In 1888 he became the founder of Bethel Hill Institute, which he owned and conducted for eighteen years, during which time he prepared more than 100 young men for work in the ministry and sent them forth upon their labors. For four years he was principal of the Leaksville-Spray Institute, and for two years was Ideated at Prestonsburg, Kentucky, where he was in charge of the Baptist Institute. In 1913 he returned to Bethel Hill, his old home as county superintendent of public instruction, a position which he has since retained. The cause of education in him has indeed found a warm friend. With a just appre- ciation of its value as a preparation for life's responsibilities he has made it his constant aim to so improve the schools that the instruction is of the best possible benefit to the young. He has been continually elevating the standard of the schools until Person County has every reason to be proud of its educational system, which is most thorough, practical and beneficial. Mr. Beam also continues his ministerial work, filling the pulpits of Bethel Hill and Mayo Chapel. Mr. Beam was married September 3, 1889, to Miss Mollie Lucas, of Blenheim, South Carolina, and to this union there were born four children : Hugh Martin, educated at Wake Forest College, Bachelor of Arts and Master of ArtB and is finishing his course in the medical department of Columbia. University, New York City, Doctor of Medicine, class of 1918; Gaither Mclntyre, gradu- ate Wake Forest College, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and of the law department and is now located at Louisburg, North Carolina ; Beryl Bertie, a graduate of Averett College, Danville, Virginia, who taught school for three years prior to her marriage to Thomas W. Smith, a tobacconist of Richmond, Virginia ; and Gladys May, who is now in her second year at Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina. The mother of these children, a woman of splendid intellectual powers and marked talents, has been engaged in educational work since 1885. At the present time she is principal of the Bethel Hill High School. Elijah Jesse Barnes. The modern legist, un- less he be a man of sound judgment, possessed of a liberal education and stern training, combined with keen insight into human nature and motives, stands little chance of meeting with success. Mod- ern jurisprudence has become more and more in- tricate, and experience, study and natural incli- nation are necessary in the attainment of position and profitable practice. These acquirements are characteristic of Elijah Jesse Barnes, of Wilson, whoso career has been marked with many success- ful outcomes for his clients. But while he has been successful in the field of law, Mr. Barnes is probably equally well known in educational circles, and in the capacity of chairman of the board of education, a position which he will re- tain until 19112, he is working energetically and fruitfully in elevating the standards of the pub- lie schools of Wilson County. Mr. Barnes was born on a farm in Wilson County, North Carolina, August 20, 1870, and is a son of William Lewis and Nancy (Boyett) Barnes, natives of North Carolina and lifelong agriculturists. His early education was secured in the Thompson and Turlington schools in his home locality, and he grew up on the home farm. After some further preparation he entered the Uni- versity of North Carolina, and in February, 1899, was graduated from the law department of that institution, but did not immediately enter upon the practice of his calling, the first year after his graduation being passed in teaching school in Wilson County. His first active practice was at Dunn, where, he remained for one year, and in 1902 he came to Wilson, where shortly there- after he was elected county attorney, a post which he filled acceptably for one year. He next re- sumed his professional business, but in 1905 gave up his practice to become county superintendent of public instruction, an office of which he was the incumbent until October, 1913. He then again took up private practice, but was not left long out of public life, for he was chosen county judge of Wilson County and occupied the judicial position one year, when he resigned his place on the bench to accept the appointment as clerk of the Superior Court. After one year he again re- signed and returned to his practice, but in 1916 was elected chairman of the County Board of Ed- ucation, and a subsequent appointment of the State Legislature extended his term in this of- fice to six years. Mr. Barnes is an active, ener- getic official, conscientiously striving to elevate educational standards, and through his unselfish work has won the confidence and admiration of his fellow-citizens. He is a stockholder in the Branch Bank. He is also president of the Wil- son Co-Operative and Gardening Association, and is an active member of the Wilson ■ Chamber of Commerce. He belongs likewise to the County Club, to the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and to the Woodmen. Mr. Barnes was married May 7, 1899, to Miss Minnie R. Adams, of Johnson County, North Carolina, and the}' have four children: Margaret McDonald, Edwin Justin, Jesse Albert and Wil- liam Toomer. Mr. Barnes is clerk and deacon of the Second Baptist Church of Wilson. Maj. Charles Pattison Bolles, who gave more than half a century of his life to the service of the United States Government, was a distinguished naval officer for the United States and in the Confederacy, and was a scholar, scientist and en- gineer of the highest attainments. From early manhood he considered Wilmington his home, and he died in that city December IP, 1909, when past eighty-six years of age. He" was born at Charleston, South Carolina, May 13, 1823, son of Abiel and Hannah (Pattison - ) Bolles. He was a lineal descendant of Joseph Bolles who came to America from England in 1640 and was deputy commissioner for the Prov- ince of Maine. Joseph Bolles founded a family that in its various branches has furnished a num- ber of distinguished names to American life and t:*:Wfcw HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 149 affairs. One branch of the family still in New England spells the name Bowles. A member of this branch is Samuel Bowles, founder of the Springfield Republican and undoubtedly one of the greatest of American journalists. Abiel Bolles, father of Major Bolles, was born near New Loudon, Connecticut, July 13, 1786. He graduated from Brown University in 1808 with the degree Master of Arts and soon afterward came South to Charleston, South Carolina. For many years he was professor of mathematics in Charles- ton College. His wife, Hannah Pattison, was first cousin of Commodore Morris of the United States navy. Commodore Morris was with Stephen De- catur when the latter performed the exploits famous in American history by which the nest of pirates on the Barbary Coast of Africa ceased for all time to annoy and. harass American shipping. Louise Morris, a daughter of Commodore Morris, married W, W. Corcoran, founder of the Corcoran Art Gallery at Washington. Charles Pattison Bolles graduated from Charles- ton College with the degree A. B. in 1844. He was soon afterward appointed on the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. During the years be- fore the war he earned a place of high standing particularly as a hydrographer, aud even then was a man of marked ability in naval circles. For that reason he was entrusted with many important commissions on naval vessels making charts and deep-sea soundings on the waters in North, Cen- tral and South America. In 1851, then a lieuten- ant in the United States navy, he came to Smith- ville, now Southport, Xorth Carolina, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, on the schooner Gallatin of the United States Coast Survey, commanded by Capt. John Newland Maffitt. Under Captain Maffitt young Bolles made exhaustive charts of the Cape Fear Bar and Lower River, and the name of Major Bolles appeared on all of the old charts of this region. Dr. James Sprunt in his recently published "Cape Fear Chronicles" speaks of Ma- jor Bolles as a "master in the art of triangulation u nd topography." Mr. Bolles was assistant superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey when in April, 1861, he resigned and offered his services to the Confederate States of America. In the southern government he was given the rank of captain of engineers and soon promoted to major on the staff of Gen. W. H. C. Whiting, in command of the Cape Fear River and its approaches. Major Bolles was detailed to lay out the fortifications of Port Fisher, built the first battery at that point, and it was named in his honor Battery Bolles. The dedication and naming of this battery was made a formal military ceremony, carried on under the auspices of the Wilmington Light Infantry. Ma- jor Bolles remained in service at Fort Fisher for something over a year, when he was assigned to take charge of the arsenal at Fayetteville. While there his professional skill was given an unusual test when he successfully devised a peculiar bolt to he used as a projectile in the Whitworth guns, which had been sent to the Confederacy by the British government without either ammunition or projectiles. Major Bolles remained in the Confederate serv- • ice during the entire period of the war, but soon afterward was doing duty for the United States. For many years he was with the navy in hydro- sraphic and scientific work. Some of these years were spent with Captain, afterwards Admiral. Philip, especially known to fame as commander of the Texas in the Spanish-American war. With Captain Philip, Major Bolles did special work along the Pacinc from Mare Island southward to the Panama, and he made a great many hydro- grapinc charts of the Pacific from his own sound- ings. His technical skill and highly specialized knowdedge in making soundings received the most generous commendations from Captain Philip and tne higher officials of the navy department. On these expeditions he also made astronomical ob- servations and was constantly employed in some phase of scientific investigation. As a diversion, and illustrating his unusual talents in other direc- tions, he made a large number of pencil drawings, many of them touelied up with water colors, of scenes in wild and unknown places of the tropics. He was so modest about all of his work that he kept these exclusively beautiful drawings among his private papers, and they were only discovered after his death. In the later years of his life he was stationed at Washington m the hydrographie department of the navy. Here his special duty was to correct and issue all charts turnished to ships of the United States Navy before going on a cruise. When the Atlantic Squadron was sent on its famous cruise around the world a dozen years ago Major Bolles made the charts that were issued to all of these vessels. It was not alone his great skill and knowledge which secured for him the admiration of the staff of the hydrographie department, but he was personally beloved and esteemed by his co-ordinates on account of the kindly fatherly in- terest he showed in their welfare and in their work. Few men find it in their power or inclination to continue work into the deepening shadows of old age so long as Major Bolles. When he finally parted with his friends and severed his cherished associations with his charts and instruments at Washington he was eighty-four years and seven months old, and even then he resigned only at the earnest solicitation of his children. In response to his resignation the secretary of the navy wrote him a letter expressing regret and stating that Major Bolles had the best record of any man in the naval department in respect to length of serv- ice, efficiency and punctuality. Although his duties in the navy kept him away from his family for long periods he always considered his home at Wil- mington, and to that city he returned after his resignation. Major Bolles married for his first wife Eliza Walker. On her mother's side she was the grand- daughter of Gen. Thomas Davis, who commanded the famous Fayetteville Independent Light In- fantry during the War of 1812. Maj. John Walker, father of Mrs. Eliza Bolles, was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the nephew of Col. Jack Walker, aide to General Washington in the Revo- lution. Maj. John Walker in his day owned great bodies of land devoted to rice and cotton cul- ture on the Lower Cape Fear, including Smith 'a Island. Major Bolles by his first marriage had two children, John Walker Bolles and Miss Han- nah Pattison Bolles. Their mother died at Fay- etteville in 1862, where Major Bolles was stationed at the time as an officer of the Confederacy. In 1873 he married Louise (DeBrutz) Reston, who survives him and makes her home in Wil- mington. Mrs. Bolles is a daughter of Dr. Joseph and Catharine (Beck) DeBrutz, the former a na- tive of Fayetteville, Xorth Carolina, and son of Gabriel de Bmtz. Gabriel de Brutz, a native of 150 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA France, was a French naval officer and came to America with the French expeditionary forces to aid the cause of the Revolution. He "was at the Battle of Yorktown with General Lafayette and was wounded there. After the war he remained in America, locating at Fayetteville, North Carolina, He found a bride in this country, the talented Deborah Montgomery, daughter of John Montgom- ery, who commanded the American forces in the Battle of Alamance, North Carolina, May 16, 1771. A brother-in-law of John Montgomery was John "Wilcox, another American officer who gained re- nown in the Revolutionary period. Dr. Joseph DeBrutz was a graduate of the University of North Carolina, became a successful physician, and prior to the war moved to Alabama, locating at Demopolis, where his daughter, Louise, was born. The five children of Maj. and Mrs. Louise Bolles are: Dr. Charles Pattison Bolles; Mary Mont- gomery Wilcox, wife of Dr. Andrew H. Harris; Edith' Hemenway, wife of Dr. B. R. Graham; Frederick DeBrutz Bolles ; and Miss Bessie Bolles. Charles Pattison Bolles, M. D. During the twenty years since he graduated from medical col- lege Doctor Bolles has proved his attainments and successful ability in a difficult and most exacting profession in such a manner as to justify the name which he bears and his honored and. dis- tinguished ancestry. Doctor Bolles was born at Wilmington, the city of his present residence, on February 18, 1874, a son of Major Charles Pattison and Mary Louise (DeBrutz) Bolles. A review of the life and achievements of the late Major Bolles is contained in a separate article. Doctor Bolles was educated in the public schools of Wilmington, in the University of Virginia, from the medical department of which he graduated in 1897, and further took post-graduate work for one year at Cornell University. Then followed a resi- dence of several years in New York City, where unusual opportunities and experience awaited him. He was connected with the New York Health Department in contagious disease work, and was also associated with the Roosevelt Hospital and the Good Samaritan Dispensary. Later he served a period as house surgeon at St. Joseph 's Hos- pital at Providence. Rhode Island, and from that city returned to Wilmington in 1901. In Wilming- ton he devoted a year to the work of the City Hos- pital before taking up private practice. Doctor Bolles is a widely known specialist in obstetrics and diseases of women, a branch of the profession for which his long and serious study and experience have admirably equipped him for successful work. He is a member of the New Hanover County Medical Society, which he has served as president, of the North Carolina State Medical Society, is a fellow of the American Med- ical Association and is a member of the New York Geriatric Society, whose limited membership is made of physicians interested in or specialists in treating the diseases of old age. Doctor Bolles is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He married for his first wife Abbie Ellis Chad- win, of Wilmington. She became the mother of four children: Blanche Chadwin, James, Charles Pattison. 3d, and Marie Louise. Doctor Bolles married for his present wife Miss Christine Black. Thev have one daughter, Mary. Henry Blottnt Best. M. D. To lead an hon- orable and useful life is undoubtedly the aim of every young man of character as he enters trade, business or profession, and that this is a most cherished ambition of those who make choice of medicine as a career is certain. They enter upon no easy, flower-strewn path when they take up this science and, though professional eminence and great emoluments may come to them in time, they will be called upon to earn them through physical endurance and unbelievable strain of mind and spirit. The physicans in a community are recognized to be the most progressive, de- pendable and representative citizens, and one of this class who occupies a position of esteem and confidence at Wilson, North Cholina, is Dr. Henry Blount Best. Henry Blount Best was born April 30, 1883, in Greene County, North Carolina, and is a son of Thomas Hayward and Mary (Blount) Best. Thomas H. Best was a business man and for many years was a traveling salesman. His death oc- curred in 1915. When twelve years old Henry B. Best ac- companied his parents to Wilson and practically this pleasant city has been his home ever since. He attended a well known private school here for two year's before entering the University of North Carolina, and was graduated from the medical department of this institution in 1907 and imme- diately afterward established himself in prac- tice at Wilson, where he has built up a profes- sional reputation. Doctor Best has shown great interest in the Wilson County Medical Society and worked hard for its success. He has held all the offices in the society, has been its president and for four years was secretary and treasurer, and also has been treasurer of the Fourth District Medical Society of Wilson County, and is a member also of the North Carolina State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. In all these or- ganizations he is a leading spirit and is ever on the alert concerning modern discoveries in his beloved science. He takes merely a good citi- zen's interest in politics and has never accepted any political office except that of city physician, in which he served faithfully and effectively. Doctor Best is a member of the First Metho- dist Episcopal Church and belongs to the Baraca- hee class connected with this church. Frater- nally he has long been identified with the Wood- men of the World and the Odd Fellows, and re- tains membership in his old college Greek letter fraternities, the Phi Delta Theta and the Phi Chi. He believes in moderate recreation for every one, even the hard-worked physician, and in a. reasonable amount of outdoor sport, and values his membership highly in the Country and the Rotary clubs. Walter A. Montgomery. While many of the highest honors of his profession and public life have been showered upon him in the past half cen- tury, the distinctive part of Judge Montgomery's long career was his brilliant service as a boy soldier in the Confederate army during the war between the states. Born at Warrenton, North Carolina, February 17, 1845, he was only sixteen when he enlisted in 1861 as a private in Company E of the North Caro- lina First Cavalry. A month later he was dis- charged because of physical disability. Within ten days, however, he had again enlisted, this time HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 151 in Company A of the Second North Carolina In- fantry. With that organization he remained throughout the struggle of the war and at the end of four years, coming home a veteran, he was still under age. The Second Regiment was known after its reorganization in May, 1862, as the Twelfth North Carolina Infantry and its service was with the army of Northern Virginia. In 1862 Mr. Montgomery was promoted to sergeant, and in the fall of 1864 became second lieutenant of Company F, formerly Company A. He was in the Battle, of Hanover Courthouse in May, 1862, at Fredericksburg in December, 1862, and partici- pated in the sanguinary Battle of Chancellorsville, where he was wounded, and at Brandy Station on the 9th of June, I860. A month later he fought on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, and there again was wounded. In the closing month of that year he was at Kelly 's Ford, and Mine Run. In 1864 he participated in the battles of the Wild- erness, Spottsylvania Court House, Winchester and Belle Grove. He was at the Hatches Run battle on the 6th of February, 1865, and in March, 1865, he was in the trenches at Petersburg. He partici- pated in the famous sortie under General Gordon on March 25, 1865, and was in the fight at Sailor's Creek on the 6th day of April, 1865. He followed with the armies of Lee until the surrender at Ap- pomattox, where he was paroled. After the war Judge Montgomery took up his studies at Warrenton Academy and in June, 1867, was admitted to the bar. He began practice at Warrenton, was a member of the bar at Memphis, Tennessee, in 1873-75, but with that exception has spent all his professional career in his native state. In 1894 Mr. Montgomery was elected associate justice to fill a vacancy on the Supreme Bench and in 1896 was elected for the full term of eight vears. On the 27th of September, 1871, Mr. Montgom- ery and Miss Lizzie Wilson, of Salem, Virginia, were married at Roanoke, Virginia. There are two children of the marriage, Walter A., who is now professor of Latin at Richmond College, Virginia, and Elizabeth, who now resides with her father and mother at Raleigh, North Carolina. Willard Franklin Trogdon. In North Wilkes- boro very little inquiry is needed to establish the fact that the citizen who is credited with the most important constructive enterprise in the founding and upbuilding of that commercial and civic center is Willard Franklin Trogdon, whose work ajid influence justify more than a local reputation. North Carolina is a very old state, aud therefore Mr. Trogdon is one of the few living men who can be credited with the founding of an important town. He has been a very successful business man, and has used his means and personal influence largely to advance and extend the prosperity of his home community. It is said between 1900 and 191 he spent of his own means $50,000 building up and advertising North Wilkesboro, thereby causing the population to more than double in ten years. Mr. Trogdon was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, February 5, 1854, a son of .Solo- mon F. and Dorcas Aretta (Odell) Trogdon, grandson of Samuel Trogdon, great-grandson of Samuel M. Trogdon and great-great-grandson of William Trogdon. His father, Solomon Franklin Trogdon, born July 17, 1828, married his second cousin, Dorcas Aretta Odell, April 10, 1853, and died September 19, 1860, before the beginning of the Civil war. His mother, Mrs. Dorcas Aretta (Odell) Trogdon-Swain, is still living at the ad- vanced age of ninety years. She is a member of the well known Odell family of this state. Her brother, Wm. B. Odell of Iowa and J. A. Odell, founder of the Odell Hardware Company of Greensboro, and another brother, Major Laban Odell was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville, Va., and another brother, J. M. Odell, pioneer cotton manufacturer and banker of Concord. The ancestors of the Odells came to this state from the State of New York. The Trogdon generations have been large land and slave owners in Ran- dolph County, North Carolina, since long before the Revolutionary war. Willard Franklin Trogdon has only one brother, Cicero Laban Trogdon, born February 26, 1857. He has never married but is a very successful farmer, owning the old Trogdon-Odell-Trogdon Farm near Millboro, North Carolina, which has been in the family for more than 150 years. Mr. Trogdon 's twice widowed mother lives with her son, Cicero, in her ninetieth year, where she has lived nearly all of her life. Mr. Trogdon 's grandmother on his father's side was Susan Ferree from near Lancaster, Pennsylvania. His grand- mother on his mother's side was Anna Trogdon, daughter of Solomon Trogdon, original owner of the Trogdon-Odell-Trogdon Farm. Mr. Trogdon 's widowed mother, Dorcas Aretta (Odell) Trogdon, married Joshua Swain February 1, 1866, by whom she had one daughter, Nancy Jane Swain, now the wife of Rev. C. F. Sherrill, of the Western North Carolina Methodist Conference. To this union have been born five children, Ollie Lenoir, Nannie Belle, Frank, Charles M. and James Edgar. Of the above Sherrill children, Nannie Belle mar- ried J. D. Lineberger, of Shelby, North Carolina, by whom she has two children, viz. : John Trogdon and Sherrill Munday. Willard Franklin Trogdon grew up at the old Trogdon homestead, a farm two miles east of Mill- boro in Randolph County. In that environment he lived until he was sixteen, and then going to Greensboro, made his home with his uncle J. A. Odell, head of the big wholesale hardware firm which bears his name, one of the leading concerns of its kind in the South. Mr. Trogdon worked as a clerk in his uncle's establishment aud later be- came a traveling salesman. For twenty-two years he was on the road in the South Atlantic states, selling confectionery, representing Philadelphia, Baltimore and New York houses. For two years of this time he traveled for E. Larribee & Son, wholesale leather and tannery products of Balti- more, with a large tannery in West Virginia. In 1890 Mr. Trogdon left the road and became secretary and treasurer of the Winston Land & Improvement Company of Winston, now Winston- Salem. Acting in this position he became the active promoter in establishing for his company the new town of North Wilkesboro. In that year, 1890, he and his associates bought something over a thousand acres of land in Wilkes County on the Yadkin River, where the Town of North Wilkes- boro now stands. More than ten miles of streets were laid out and graded, other improvements made, and the place was christened North Wilkes- boro. The railroad, now the North Wilkesboro branch of the Southern System, was just then being completed. Mr. Trogdon entered vigorously into the work of building up and developing this promising new site, and he can tell more of the earlv historv of North Wilkesboro than anv other 152 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Some years ago Mr. Trogdon had occasion to address himself to the public arid recall some of the interesting early things in connection with the transactions and activities that brought about the establishment of North Wilkesboro. From what he wrote at the time some sentences are quoted for their historical value. ' ' In June, 1890, I came to Wilkes county by team, prospecting for a site on which to build a town. A railroad was then being built along up the north side of the Yadkin River from Winston to a point one mile north of Wilkesboro, on the opposite side of the river. I immediately began negotiations for the purchase of the farms at and near the proposed terminus of this, Wilkes county's only railroad. During the summer and fall of 1890, G. W. Hinshaw and I secured $125,000 worth of subscriptions to the capital stock of the corporation, which Mr. Hinshaw had had chartered under the name, of the Winston Land & Improvement Company. On November 30, 1890, the Winston Land & Improvement Company was organized by the election of a board of directors, who elected 6. W. Hinshaw president and W. F. Trogdon secretary and treasurer, for the purpose of completing purchases of the above farm lands and building thereon a town. The purchases were completed, and in November, 1890, I immediately entered upon my duties as secretary and treasurer of the company and in addition thereto had general supervision of the entire development of the town. The company spent more than $200,000 in the work of a staff of engineers in surveying and laying out the land into streets and blocks, in establishing grades of streets, grading ten miles of highway, building bridges, and in erecting the first structures of the new town. The first lot was sold January 10, 1891, and the first general lot auction sale was held December 4, 1891. The town was incorporated as the town of North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, by an Act of the General Assembly March 4, 1891, On April 30, 1891, the town government was for- mally organized and a postoffice was established in September, 1891. The railroad was completed to North Wilkesboro in August, 1890." In addition to handling the formidable array of duties imposed upon him by The Winston Land and Improvement Company Mr. Trogdon was also at the head of the American, Home, Mineral & Timber Land Company, the North Wilkesboro Publishing Company, The State Company, the Wilkes Industrial Company, in all which he owned ninety per cent of all the capital stock, and he personally became owner and builder of one- third of the brick buildings in the town and many of the dwelling houses. From the first he utilized his individual position and the companies with which he was connected in making North Wilkesboro a center of industry. It is said that his name is attached to ninety per cent of the deeds for town lots in North Wilkesboro. Mr. Trogdon assisted very materially in establishing the Bank of North Wilkesboro and was one of its first stockholders. He is still one of the largest property owners of that city. He was one of the owners and publishers of the North Wilkesboro News, the first newspaper published in North Wilkesboro, and later became sole owner and editor. In addition to the building operations and other developments thus briefly noted, Mr. Trogdon had constantly in mind the plan for the location of some substantial manufacturing industry that would put the town upon a solid foundation of prosperity. When he was with the leather firm mentioned above he had been impressed with the importance of the tanning industry. It now occurred to him that the enormous quantities of chestnut oak bark in the region surrounding North Wilkesboro would make the new town an ideal location for a large tannery. He accordingly wrote to Messrs. Lees & McViddy, tanners of Philadelphia, to know if they could locate a tannery here. Mr. McViddy of that firm came to North Wilkesboro, investigated, found the con- ditions satisfactory, but subsequently on account of failure to make satisfactory arrangements as to freight rates with the railroad company, decided not to establish a tannery. After this failure Mr. Trogdon entered into nego- tiations with the C. C. Smoot Sons ' Company, a large tannery concern of Alexandria, Virginia. After investigation they decided to locate a plant. The Smoot tannery was thus established in North Wilkesboro and it has remained the backbone of the town's industrial and commercial life. It is one of the largest tanneries in the country, and is today one of the big southern industries. Following this important achievement furniture factories and other woodworking plants were located at North Wilkesboro, and these, together with wholesale houses and industries, combine to make the town one of the leading industrial and commercial centers of North Carolina. North Wilkesboro is the center of a large and rich terri- tory, extending up and down the Yadkin Valley and into the mountain counties of the northwest part of the state. Its geographical situation is most fortunate, and with the groundwork of its industry so carefully laid by Mr. Trogdon the town has a future promise not exceeded by any other locality in the state. As a matter of historical record the original officers of The Winston Land and Improvement Company should be named. They were: Col. G. W. Hinshaw, president; W. F. Trogdon, secretary and treasurer; P. H. Hanes, Col. F. H. Fries and Dr. W. L. Brown of Winston-Salem, Col. J. M. Winstead of Greensboro, Channing M. Bolton of Washington, D. C, and A. A. Finley, directors. In the course of time Mr. Trogdon bought the interest of the other stockholders, and now for some years has been president of the company and practically its sole owner. In 1903 he established the Deposit & Savings Bank, owning a majority of its stock, was its president for more than seven years. On November 19, 1910, on account of his numerous other interests needing his attention, Mr. Trogdon sold a majority of the stock of the Deposit & Savings Bank to Con- gressman B. L. Doughton, who became its presi- dent. An important feature of his business has always been the handling of real estate, and the fact that he was first on the ground gives him a knowledge of real estate values and opportunities that has been the means of constituting a splendid service in every local transaction with which he has lmd to do. Naturally Mr. Trogdon has been brought into close touch with local affairs to as great an extent as his time and inclinations would permit. He has served as town commissioner and as mayor of North Wilkesboro, and for four years was a county commissioner of Wilkes County and chairman of the board. In politics he is a republican. Some HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 153 years ago he built at the corner of D and Eighth streets a home that is said to be the finest resi- dence in Wilkes County. Mr. Trogdon is now president of the North Wilkesboro Building and Loan Association, suc- ceeding Col. J. C. Smoot two years ago and before that for twelve years he had been vice president and was one of the original promoters and organizers of the association. This organiza- tion has done much for the building up of the town. Mr. Trogdon was one of the founders and for many years the principal advertiser and up- builder of Xorth Wilkesboro, North Carolina, for which service mention is due. The Trogdon family is a very old and honorable one both in this country and England. The records in the Ulver- stone region of England on July 23, 1546, show the christening of one of the family. There were in this the northern part of England about this time some thirty or forty families of this name. The name was spelled variously "Trogdon, Troughton, Troghton, Troughtown and Trouton. " In Ulverstone, England, the record shows that Francis Troughton was married to Leona Strick- land, January, 1722. The birth of their son William is recorded (1722) at Rattin Row, Eng- land. William is supposed to have left England while yet a young man and settled on Sandy Creek 3% miles northeast of Franklinsville, Ran- dolph County, North Carolina. He became a large planter and mill owner. And during the Revolu- tionary war did all he could for the independence of the American states, and on this account was shot and killed by the English Tories while water- ing his horse just below his mill. His body was buried on the east bank of the creek near his mill. This William Trogdon was the great-great- grandfather of Willard Franklin Trogdon, the subject of our sketch. Many of the Trogdon connections have achieved success and renown entitling them to an honorable place in the history of this country. The Trog- dons, Odells, Bowdoins and Ferrees, all ancestors of the subject of our sketch, have been leaders in peace and war. In the Revolution of 1812, in the Civil and Spanish-American war, and now in this World war there are hundreds of Trogdons and Odells. In 1861 Capt. J. M. Odell organized a volunteer company of the Twenty-second North Carolina Regiment and went to the front. His brother, Laban Odell, was first lieutenant, after- wards captain and after that promoted to major, mounted. Major Laban Odell was killed at the battle of ChaneeUorsville, Virginia. Ward Trog- don had his leg shot off at the battle of Gettys- burg, Pennsylvania. Howell G. Trogdon, a cousin of subject of our sketch, is commended for gal- lantry and recommended for promotion by Major General Blair and in a report to General Sher- man says: • ' Howell G. Trogdon was a member of the Eighth Missouri Regiment United States Army and at the battle of Vicksburg carried the flag in a volunteer storming party of two officers and fifty men from each brigade of the division which led the assault on October 22, 1863, in the Siege of Vicksburg. " R. F. Trogdon, uncle of W. F. trog- don, was sheriff of Randolph County, a member of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1868; his son, Samuel L. Trogdon, was for twenty years clerk of the United States District Court at Greensboro, North Carolina. Among the Trog- dons are many successful farmers, teachers, civil engineers, ministers of the gospel, builders, con- tractors, factory superintendents, town builders, advertisers, real estate dealers, lawyers, doctors, merchants and manufacturers. The Trogdons live in nearly every state in the United States and so far as known all can trace their ancestry back to William Trogdon of Ulverstone, Laneastershire, England, who settled 3 % miles northeast of Frank- linville, Randolph County, North Carolina, from whom are supposed to have descended all of the Trogdons in this country. The census of 189U gives four Trogdon families living in Randolph County, North Carolina, viz. : Solomon, John, Wil- liam and Samuel. On February 16, 1886, in Greensboro, North Carolina, Mr. Willard Franklin Trogdon was mar- ried to Miss Lizzie Scales-Lentz, a daughter of Jackson and Maria Scales, of Greensboro, and sister of Mrs. B. H. Merrimon, of Greensboro, and a brother of Henry P. Scales of Atlanta, Ga., and a cousin of Governor A. M. Scales of North Caro- lina. Mr. and Mrs. Trogdon had no children. Mrs. W. F. Trogdon died September 30, 1917, in her sixty-third year. She was a noble, good Christian woman, loved by those who knew her, popular in social circles, and generally known throughout the state; was for years district secre- tary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Western North Carolina District Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and for many years a member of the ' ' State Board of Charities and Public Welfare." Miss Daisy Denson, secretary of this society, wrote that the new County Home and new jail in Wilkes County were monuments to Mrs. Trogdon 's efforts and influence in securing these much needed public buildings. In religion Mr. Trogdon is a Methodist, was for a number of years a member of the Board of Stewards of West Market Street Church, Greens- boro, and was one of the organizers of the Methodist Church and Sunday school in North Wilkesboro, superintendent of the Sunday school and a steward of the first church established in North Wilkesboro. Mr. Trogdon was educated at old ' ' Yorks School House ' ' in Randolph County, at Yadkin College and at Eastman 's Business College. He has traveled quite extensively in this and foreign countries. Mr. Trogdon has been a member of the Knights of Pythias and Masonic fraternities for more than twenty years. That Mr. Trogdon has progressive ideas is gath- ered from the sketch of his life work, his belief in the Christian religion and his strong convic- tion, that: 1 ' The great need of the nation is honest per- severing men and women" and that if you do harm to the family you do harm to the nation, so he is emphatic for the maintenance of the family relation in all its purity. That if you destroy the family relation you destroy the nation. He believes that every healthy boy and girl should marry as soon as their nature calls and cling to each other to the end. George Hahn Ward has recently entered the practice of law, and in less than five years has firmly entrenched himself in the confidence of the profession and the people generally in Haywood County. He is a member of the firm Morgan & Ward at Waynesville. Mr. Ward was born in Waynesville February 28, 1892, son of Albert Eugene and Mary (Long) Ward. His father was a stock raiser and farmer, 154 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA and the son grew up on a farm. He attended Waynesville High School, finished his education in the University of North Carolina in the law department in 1913, and after being licensed to practice returned to Waynesville and joined the firm of Smathers & Morgan, under the name Smathers, Morgan & Ward. Since 1915 the part- nership has been Morgan & Ward, and they con- trol a large general and corporate practice. Mr. Ward is a member of the Masonic Order, the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. April 3, 1915, he married Carrie Sue Adams, of Haywood County, North Carolina, daughter of McD. and Allie (Da- vis) Adams. Her father, who was a merchant, died in March, 1914. Mr. and Mrs. Ward have one daughter, Mary Adams Ward. Eugene Byron Glenn, M. D. Few of the capable physicians and surgeons of the state have been distinguished by a broader application of their service than Dr. E. B. Glenn, of Asheville. He is prominent in all the medical organizations, has filled positions of responsibility with various hospitals and institutions, and was the ranking surgeon in the North Carolina National Guard until June 1, 1917, when he was placed on the reserve list, having held a continuous commis- sion in the Guard for over eighteen years. Doctor Glenn was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, June 21, 1871, eldest son of Marion Sevier and Martha Ann (Curtis) Glenn. Doctor Glenn's Grandfather Curtis died a Confederate soldier during the war. His grandfather, Eli Glenn, was born in Cabarrus County, Eastern North Carolina, in 1812, and came across the Blue Ridge and settled in Buncombe County about 1830. Both Doctor Glenn's parents are natives of North Carolina and his father has been a successful farmer and stockman. Doctor Glenn's father en- listed in the Confederate Army, a mere boy, and served until the war closed. Doctor Glenn lived and worked on his father's farm until he was seven- teen years of age, attending school in the fall and winter months. Prom 1887 to 1889 he was a high school student, then followed one year by a private instructor, and attendence in the session of 1891-92 at Weaver College, at Weaverville, North Carolina. Doctor Glenn took up the formal study of medicine in September, 1892, at the Jefferson 'Medical Col- lege in Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1 896. The same year he was licensed to practice medicine in North Carolina, and besides his prep- aration in one of the greatest as well as the oldest institutions of medical learning in the country he was for a time resident physician at St. Timothy 's Hospital at Roxborough, Philadelphia. Doctor Glenn is a life member of the Jefferson Medical College Alumni Association. In May, 1899, he received another diploma from the Phila- delphia Polyclinic. Doctor Glenn was one of the organizers in 1903 of the Asheville Hospital and served as president of its board of directors. He was the president of the Buncombe County Medical Societv in 1915-10, was a member of the staff of the Clarence Barker Memorial Hospital, Biltmore, North Carolina, from 1905 to 1913. After the death of Dr. P. T. Meriwether in. June, 1913, a staff of sixteen physicians was organized and Doc- tor Glenn was elected vice dean and chief of the surgical staff. He is president of the board of directors and one of the large stockholders of the Meriwether Hospital and Training School at Ashe- ville. In 1903-4 he was superintendent of the board of health of Buncombe County, and was health officer of Asheville in 1898-99. Doctor Glenn is widely known among medical men as the author of many papers and addresses delivered before organizations and published in medical journals. He is a member of the North Carolina Surgeons' Club, of the Buncombe County Medical Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, the Southern Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. He also belongs to the Clinical Surgeons' Congress. An article that appeared in the Charlotte Medi- cal Journal in July, 1916, edited by Drs. D. W. and Ernest Bullock, spoke in detail of Doctor Glenn 's activities in medical circles from the time he joined the North Carolina Medical Society in 1899. "Since that date," says the article, "he has been a regular attendant and only on very few occasions has he failed to read papers at the an- nual meetings. His paper deals with surgical sub- jects, giving his experiences, which are always listened to with great interest and are considered invaluable among surgeons. On surgical subjects his ideas are excellent and logically presented. His style of writing is always attractive when dealing with his favorite subject." "In 1912," continues the same article, "he joined the Tri-State Medical Association of the Caroliuas and Virginia. He has taken a great deal of interest in that organization. At the Charleston meeting in 1915 he read a paper entitled ' Malignancy of the Ovaries ; Report of Case Com- plicating Pregnancy. ' It received the applause of all the members present. ' ' His has never been an idle existence, even for a day. When his general practice warranted the opportunity Doctor Glenn has sought to perfect his knowledge and skill by doing post-graduate work at Philadelphia Polyclinic, Jefferson Medical Col- lege Hospital, Mayo Clinics, and various other hos- pitals in Chicago, Nashville, Louisville, Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia and New "York. Sur- gery has always been his principal specialty. His surgical work has increased by leaps and bounds and he has necessarily given up general practice. ' ' The medical societies have felt the worth of this efficient surgeon. He has been chairman of various sections of the State Medical Society. He was elected president of the Buncombe. Countv Medical Society for the year 1915." Still another paragraph of this appreciation which appeared in the Charlotte Medical Journal should be introduced here. "Doctor Glenn has be- come invaluable in the civic life of his city. About a. month after his location in Ashville, July 16, 1896, lie received the democratic nomination for coroner for Buncombe County by acclamation. Since that time he has held official and semi- official positions in the city and county administra- tion, working along lines of health and public and civic improvements. While he was county superin- tendent of health he stimulated the interest of the county commissioners in the county poor and an alms house resulted, the most up-to-date of its kind in the South. He and his father have jointly spread the gospel of good roads, and the building of the first macadam roads and iron bridges in his county were thus accomplished during the time his father was on the County Board of Commis- sioners. Doctor Glenn was one of the directors of the Buncombe County Good Roads Association for six years." Doctor Glenn was recently re-elected a director of the Asheville Motor Club. He is a member of HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 155 the Asheville Country Club, the Rod and Gun Club, and is affiliated with all the Masonic bodies, including the lodge, Knights Templar, the Thirty- second degree Scottish Rite Consistory, and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a charter and lite member of Asheville Lodge No. 608, Benevo- lent and Protective Order of Elks, and a member of the Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Junior Order United Ameri- can Mechanics. In a business way, Doctor Glenn is president and director of the Georgia Talc Com- pany, the home offices of which are at Ashville, while the mines are located at Chatsworth, Georgia, and Buncombe and Madison counties, North Caro- lina. He and two of his brothers compose the company. Dr. Eugene B. Glenn is president, Dr. Cassius F. Glenn, vice president, and Judge J. Frazier Glenn is secretary-treasurer. Doctor Glenn's military record is briefly noted as follows: September 28,' 1898, he enlisted in Com- pany F, Second Infantry, as a private, expecting a second call for volunteers, in the Spanish-American war, although he had been practicing his profes- sion for two years. The war closed before the second call was made. In 1899 he was commis- sioned by Governor D. R. Russell as assistant sur- geon with the rank of first lieutenant in the North Carolina National Guard, Second Regiment. The following year he was commissioned captain sur- geon in the same regiment. In February, 1905, he was. commissioned surgeon with the rank of major in the First Infantry of the North Carolina Na- tional Guard, by Governor R. B. Glenn. He was recommissioned major-surgeon by Governor W. W. Kitchin in July, 1909, and again recommissioned major-surgeon on April 9, 1913, by Governor Locke Craig. In June, 1917, when the North Carolina troops were ordered to the border by President Wil- son, Major Glenn was placed on the reserve. Doe- tor Glenn has been medical examiner for applicants in the Medical Reserve Corps, IT. S. A., since Amer- ica entered the war with Germany a year ago. On December 21, 1905, Doctor Glenn married Miss Elizabeth Elliott. Lumpkin. Doctor and Mrs. Glenn have four beautiful children : Eugene Byron, Jr., Marion Sevier. Jr., Ann Dudley Lumpkin and William Wallace Lumpkin. Doctor Glenn is a member of the Central Metho- dist Church, South, of Asheville. As the paragraphs already indicate, Doctor Glenn may properly be conceded one of the fortunate and highly accomplished men of North Carolina, but nowhere has his good fortune been greater than in the choice of his wife. Mrs. Glenn has ancestry, impregnable social position, and all the qualities and graces that fit her for her place as the wife of an eminent physician and surgeon. While Doctor and Mrs. Glenn have been married over ten years there is no lack of propriety in quot- ing a. paragraph or two from the newspaper ac- count of their wedding in her home town of Co- lumbia, South Carolina, since all that was said at the time was abundantly justified by facts and has been confirmed by subsequent years. Space forbids more than the following quotation: ' ' The marriage at Trinity Church on Thursday afternoon of Miss Elizabeth Elliott Lumpkin to Dr. Eugene Byron Glenn of Ashville attracted the intense interest not only of South Carolina, of Georgia, the bride's native state, and of North Carolina, where the name of Glenn is such a promi- nent and distinguished name, but of the entire South — for Elizabeth Elliott Lumpkin is 'the daughter of the United Confederate Veterans,' and wherever there was an old soldier there was a loving heart to wish her happiness on her wedding- day. No other girl in the South since the war has reached so many hearts in which 'the sentiment of the South ' is a sacred tradition, and there is scarcely a veteran of the war has not been touched by Miss Lumpkin 's reunion address, either en- joyed in all the intensity and brilliance of the young woman 's wonderful oratorical powers, or read in newspaper accounts, deprived of the force of personal delivery but still possessing a beauty of sentiment and interest which kept the sincerity of feeling warm even through the chilling process of press reproduction. So she won their hearts, and every old soldier of them felt a personal pride and pleasure in her wedding and was gratified that she planned it to be thoroughly ' Confederate ' in every feature. Unique it was of necessity, for no other young woman in the South could make her wishes commands for the officers of the United Confederate Veterans and for no other than the daughter of a veteran would the old soldiers in gray rally from all parts of the Southland to act as escort of honor in the nuptial march. It is in fact doubtful if any Southern girl of modern times ever had such a distinguished galaxy of Con- federate officers as her guard of honor, no less than seven generals and colonels of the United Confederate Veterans marching up the aisle and standing as honored guard before the altar. "As Elizabeth Elliott. Lumpkin she became widely known all over the state as a brilliant girl orator, and this fame reached its climax when at the Louisville Reunion of the Confederate Vet- erans she delivered an address whieh the press dis- patches concerning the convention stated 'aroused more enthusiasm and caused more intense interest than any other speech or address during the re- union. ' After her brilliant performance on that day General Evans moved that she be made a Sister of the Confederacy, the highest honor bestowed upon anyone during the reunion, and it received a unanimous vote. Thereafter, as 'the child of the Confederacy' Miss Lumpkin was in great de- mand at all reunions both state and general, and few women of any time have ever gained such enthusiastic praise for effective literary composi- tion and oratorical delivery. ' ' Mrs. Glenn since her marriage has continued to work for the Confederate veterans, an interest which has been continuous with her since child- hood. She has been made honorary member of many of the camps in the South, also of the Grand Camp of Virginia, the Virginia state or- ganization and the state organizations of Georgia and South Carolina. She is a Daughter of the United Confederate Veterans of the South and is one of the state officers of the Daughters of the Confederacy. Mrs. Glenn is of most distinguished ancestry. She is a daughter of the late Col. William Wallace Lumpkin, who died at her home in Asheville March 13, 1910. Colonel Lumpkin was born on the old Lumpkin homestead in Oglethorp County, Georgia, February 14, 1849. At the ase of fifteen he en- listed in Company D of the Third Georgia Regi- ment and though a boy proved the quality of his patriotism by the same tests as were imposed upon and met by older men. After the war, still a boy in years, he nioved with the family to Greene County. Georgia, where he remained a number of years practicing law and looking after a. planta- tion. The work as a lawyer which engaged him for so many years was as attorney for the Georgia 15(3 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Railway. He was also president at one time of the old Capitol City Railway of Milledgeville, Georgia, and finally became commercial agent of the Georgia Road. He lived at Milledgeville, Macon, Georgia, and finally at Columbia, South Carolina. Colonel Lumpkin was known as a splendid orator, and his formal addresses as well as his con- temporaneous wit and repartee were heard on various occasions throughout Georgia and South and North Carolina. At one time he was a can- didate for the nomination in South Carolina for United States senator. He served as lieutenant colonel on the staff of Gen. C. Irvine Walker, com- mander of the Army of Northern Virginia, United Confederate Veterans, and was always prominent in the reunions of this order. He was much inter- ested in fraternal matters, belonged to the Alpha Tau Omega college fraternity, was a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner, served as past emi- nent commander of Columbia Commandery, Knight Templars, and at the time of his death was grand generalissimo for South Carolina. He was active as lay reader, vestryman, delegate to diocesan councils, delegate to missionary councils of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and for a number of years was a trustee of the University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee. Colonel Lumpkin was one of Georgia and the South 's most prominent families, and when a young man he claimed friendship #nd acquaintance with such immortal characters as Alexander H. Stephens, Robert Toombs, Benjamin Hill and others. Among his family connections were Joseph Henry Lumpkin, first chief justice of Georgia; Wilson Lumpkin, at one time governor of Georgia and United States senator, and Samuel and Joseph H. Lumpkin second, who were associate justices of the Georgia Supreme Court. Colonel Lumpkin married March 30, 1875, Miss Annie C. Morris, of Augusta, Georgia. They were the parents of three daughters and four sons, the oldest being Mrs. Doctor Glenn of Asheville. Joseph Dozier Boushall. A capacity for do- ing a great many things and doing them all well has been the distinguishing fact of the career of Joseph Dozier Boushall of Raleigh. His brilliant talents were manifested when he was still in col- lege at Wake Forest, and before he reached his majority and before graduation he was elected county superintendent of instruction of Camden County, North Carolina. Since then, a period of more than thirty years, he has found success in business, has filled public office with credit and distinction, and has been a prominent Baptist lay- man of North Carolina. He is of old and honored ancestry. The Bous- hall family is of French origin. Joseph Bozier Bousha.ll was born in Camden County, North Caro- lina, February 20, 1864. The home in which he was born was also the birthplace of his father and his father's mother. The land came into the possession of the family through the distinguished service of his great-grandfather, Col. Joseph Bozier, in the American War for Independence. Mr. Boushall 's father, Thomas B. Boushall, served as a colonel of militia in the war between the states and was a. member of the army from the beginning to the end of the struggle. He was one of the prominent figures in democratic polities in Camden County, served as register of deeds, as county surveyor, as chairman of the board of county commissioners, and chairman of the board of education. By occupation he was a farmer. The mother of Mr. Boushall was Annie Thompson, daughter of Rev. George M. Thompson, a pioneer Baptist minister who came to North Carolina from England. Joseph Dozier Boushall was educated in the pub- lic and private schools of his native county and in 1886 graduated from Wake Forest College. At the age of nineteen he was elected superintend- ent of public instruction of Camden County but after serving in that position three months re- signed. For a time he was principal of the Acad- emy at Palmerville, North Carolina, and from 1887 to 1893, six years, he was chief clerk to the auditor of state. His last years in that position were under Dr. G. W. Sanderlin, state auditor. Doctor Sanderlin was candidate for nomination for gov- ernor, with Mr. Boushall as candidate for auditor. When Doctor Sanderlin failed to secure the nom- ination, Mr. Boushall also withdrew from the con- test for auditor iu favor of Doctor Sanderlin. In 1898 Mr. Boushall was a candidate for the Legislature in Wake County. He was a leader in the campaign for white supremacy and led the ticket against the old fusion majority, being elected as a democrat by 650 votes. During the following Legislature he served on the judiciary and finance committees and was chairman of the house com- mittee on insurance. He helped bring about some of the very important legislation enacted by that session. In 1900 he was a candidate for nomina- tion for state treasurer and in 1912 for lieutenant- governor, each time receiving a flattering vote though failing of success. For many years Mr. Boushall has been active in the insurance field. He began his career as cashier in the general agency of the Aetna Life Insurance Company at Raleigh and two years later was made general agent for North Carolina, a posi- tion he resigned in 1907. He then entered the lumber business at Raleigh, but in 1908 became agency manager over the eastern half of North Carolina for the Equitable Life Insurance Com- pany. In 1915 he retired from the management. In 1917 he became general agent for the State Life Insurance Company of Indiana. He served two years as a member of the executive commit- tee of the National Underwriters' Association, and also as president of the North Carolina Life Un- derwriters' Association. He is president of the Federal Trust Company of Raleigh, a company making a specialty of loaning money on real estate. During his work in the state auditor 's office he also studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1887, though he practiced only one year. From 1894 to 1898 he was a member of the Board of Aldermen of Raleigh, and his service was coincident with and an important factor in the newly awakened spirit of municipal progress. He was chairman of the finance committee and a mem- ber of the street committee and of various other committees. It was during his term of service as alderman that Raleigh began its special era of im- provement and much municipal progress dates from that time. His service in church affairs has brought him a conspicuous position as a Baptist layman. He has been a trustee of Meridith College almost from the date of its founding, and chairman of the finance committee of the board of trustees and secretary of the executive committee. He is a director and member of the executive committee of the Caswell Training School at Kinston, North Carolina. He filled the post of deacon in the Baptist Church at Wake Forest, and since 1889 has been continuously HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 157 a deacon of the First Baptist Church of Raleigh. For six years he was also clerk of the First Baptist Church and for eleven years was treasurer of the Baptist State Convention. For four years he was superintendent of the First Baptist Sunday School and was a member of the church building commit- tee when the first church remodeled its home at a cost of about $40,000. He is a member of the Country Club and of the Chamber of Commerce. October 16, 1889, Mr. Boushall married Miss Mattie Heck, daughter of the late Col. J. M. Heck, of Raleigh. Her father rose to the rank of colonel in the Confederate army, and was one of the sign- ers of Virginia's secession act. Mr. and Mrs. Boushall are the parents of four children: John Heck Boushall is a Raleigh attorney; Joseph Dozier Boushall, Jr., is connected in an official capacity with the Pacific Tea Company of New York; Thomas Callendiue is connected with the National City Bank of New York City as head of one of the new business departments: and Francis Mc- Gee is a student at the Raleigh High School. John H. Boushall is now first lieutenant of artillery, "United States National Guard; Joseph Boushall, Jr., has ,iust graduated from the United States School of Military Aeronautics at Cornell Univer- sity and is at a flying school in Texas; Thomas C. Boushall is now a sergeant in the United States Coast Defense Service, stationed at Long Island City, New York. James Bion Schulkfx. To the successful lawyer the doors of many lines of business and opportunity stand open. The lawyer has always "been prominent in public affairs, and during the last generation the excutive responsibilities of great business affairs have been entrusted more and more to the capable guidance of members of the legal profession. A lawyer whose work has brought him intimate relationship with many varied interests is James Bion Schulken of "Whiteville, head of the firm of Schulken, Tonn & Schulken. Mr. Schulken was admitted to the bar in February, 1883, and at once entered upon a general practice at White- ville. He served his clients well, built up a splen- did private practice, and more and more in recent years his time has been commanded by business concerns. He and his firm are now counsel for the Atlantic Coast Line Railway, for the Whiteville Lumber Company, for the North Carolina Lumber Com- pany and the insurance firm of T. H. Maston & Company and Mr. Schulken is counsel for the Seaboard Air Line Railway. He is president of the Bank of Whiteville, and though an exceedingly busy man has found time to serve the public. He was a member of the Legislature in 1893 and again in 1897, and several terms was honored with the office of mayor of Whiteville. He is one of the best known members of the North Carolina Bar Association. He was born in Brunswick County, North Caro- lina. Mav 24, 1857. a son of Martin and Nancy (Brookshire> Schulken. His father was a mer- chant and gave his son the best advantages of a liberal education. He attended private schools in Brunswick Countv and at Wilmington, finished his hieher education in the University of North Carol'na, and studied law with Dick and Dillard. Mr. Schulken is a trustee and steward of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is affiliated witli the Masonic Order. On Februarv 22. 1891. he married Miss Marv A. Smith, of Columbus County. They have six living children : James Bion, Jr., now with the American Trust Company of Charlotte, North Carolina; Joseph Smith, a student in Stetson University in Florida; Charles Franklin, in high school; and Robert, Lucy Winifred and Nancy Margaret. Edward Manly Toon, second member of the law firm of Schulken, Toon & Schulken at Whiteville, was born in that town, June 15, 1878, a son of Albert Franklin and Elizabeth (Smith) Toon. He was educated in the public schools, graduated in 1903 from the law department of Wake Forest College, and at once began practice in Whiteville. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, the Masonic Order and the Knights of Pythias. December 20, 1910, Mr. Toon married Miss Gertrude Bryan, of Wilmington, North Caro- lina. They have one son, Edward Manly, Jr. Martin Henry Schulken, the junior member of the firm of Schulken, Toon & Schulken, was born at Whiteville, North Carolina, July 25, 1886, a son of Henry F. and Lizzie (Walker) Schulken. After attending the public schools he entered Stetson University in Florida, studied law in the University of North Carolina, and was admitted to the bar of his native state in February, 1910. He then returned to Whiteville and soon became associated with his uncle James B. Schulken in the firm as it exists at present. Mr. Schulken is a Mason, a. Knight of Pythias and a Woodman of the World, and belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. On July 20, 1915, he married Miss Anna P. Waters, of Goldsboro, North Carolina. Then- one child, Martin Henrv, Jr., was born May 22, 1916. Thomas Albert Clark is both a lawyer and banker and has made most commendable progress in attaining a substantial position in affairs in the few years he has been out of college. His home is at Canton. He was born in Haywood County, North Car- olina, May 16. 1888, a 'son of Calvin R. and Cor- delia (Ford) Clark. His father was a farmer and stock man. Thomas A. Clark was educated in pub- lie, schools, attended a noted institution in East- ern Tennessee, Tusculum College, and finished his law course in the Chattanooga College of Law June 6, 1911. Since that date he has been en- gaged in a growing treneral practice at Canton. He is also vice president and attorney for the Bank of Canton, is a member of the Haywood County Bar Association, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. June 26. 1915, he married Zora Crawford, of Havwood County. They have one daughter, Maxie Rae. Leox T. Yaughax. A gifted lawyer and a man of the highest personal character is found in Leon T. Vaughan, who is acknowledged to be one of the leading men of his profession in Eastern North Carolina. In educational circles also and in political life he has been among the achieving men of this district and his name is well and honorably known all over Nash County. Leon T. Yaughan was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, at the old Town of Scotland Neck, September 25. 1875. He had educational advan- tages that included an academic course in the Vine Hill Male Academv at Scotland Neck, and a full course at Wake Forest College, from which insti- 158 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA . tution he was graduated in 1902. Had Mr. Vaughan been less ambitious his success as an edu- cator might have satisfied him, for he was a very popular teacher for some years after leaving col- lege, during which period he was principal of the Church Hill High School in Warren County, North Carolina. He had decided, however, on a career in law, a profession for which he was eminently fitted by nature, possessing in remarkable degree, even in very early manhood, many of the distinc- tive qualities which ensure success at the bar. He returned to Wake Forest for his law course and in August, 1903, was admitted to the bar. Mr. Vaughan came to Nashville in May, 1904, and opened a law office and almost immediately won attention through his legal knowledge, his wise and just handling of the business that came to him, and his dignified and earnest citizenship. This attitude of civic responsibility has remained a part of Mr. Vaug-han 's life and at all times he has been ready to co-operate with others to bring about needed reforms here or to add to the jus- tifiable movements to increase the prestige and prosperity of the city. All his life Mr. Vaughan has been zealous in his support of the principles of the democratic party and since locating at Nashville has been one of the strongest forces in every political campaign. Born to be a leader, wise, self -controlled and far- visioned, Mr. Vaughan has received a party recog- nition. In 1910 he was elected chairman of the Democratic County Executive Committee. The faith of the party was fully justified, for in the campaign that followed his fine executive ability- was an important factor and the democratic ma- jority in the November election following was unprecedented. In 1911. when the State Legisla- ture created the office of prosecuting attorney for the recorder's court of the county, Mr. Vaughan was unanimously elected to that office by the board of county commissioners. In this important office his special talents have been brought forward in marked deeree and, as noted above, he is numbered with the able men of the law both as a public prose- cutor and as an attorney in private practice. Mr. Vaughan was married March 28, 1906, to Miss Mary Laura Ross, who is a daughter of Dr. T. T. Ross, a prominent citizen of Nash County. John T. Simpson has a business relationship with Winston-Salem extending over a long period of years and is now a member of one of the lead- ing firms of warehouse men in the city. He was at one time connected with the great R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and he has utilized his experi- ences and opportunities in such a way as to give him a secure and independent business position. Mr. Simpson was born on a plantation in what is now New Bethel Township of. Rockingham County, North Carolina, His greatgrandfather, James Simpson, was a native of England and on coming to Ameriea became an early settler in Rock- ingham County. His grandfather, William B. Simpson, was born in Rockingham County and spent many years of his life as a practical farmer there. He finally removed to Somerset in Pulaski County, Kentucky, where his last years were spent. He married a Miss Beashore, whose father was a native of France and an early settler in North Carolina. Capt. James T. Simpson, father of John T., was born in New Bethel Township of Rockingham County in 1808. At that time New Bethel was included in Simpsonville Township. He grew up' on a farm and on coming to manhood bought land in what is now New Bethel Township and operated it with the aid of his slaves. When the war came on he was too old for active military duties, but none the less he proved his spirit and his loyalty to the South by raising a company and for a time commanded it in the field. He was finally detailed to command a company of Home Guards. With the close of the war he resumed farming and made that his occupation until the end of his life. He died in his seventy-ninth year. Captain Simpson married first Deliah Layton. Of the eight children from this marriage, five grew to maturity: Sarah, A. M., P. H., Frances and J. D. His second marriage was to Martha Dwiggins. She was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, daughter of John B. Dwiggins and granddaughter of Robert Dwiggins. The latter was a native of Maryland and was an early settler in Stokes County, North Carolina. John B. Dwiggins was born in 1808 in that part of Stokes County now in Forsyth County. He afterward removed to Guilford County, buying land in Oak Ridge Town- ship, where he followed farming until his death. He married Lacy Pegram, who died at the age of seventy-seven. She was born in Guilford County and was descended from one of four brothers who came to America in colonial times. One of these brothers settled in New York, one in Alabama, one in the West and one in Virginia. It was the Virginia branch of the family that sent its mem- bers into North Carolina as pioneers in Guilford County. Mrs. Martha Simpson, wife of Captain Simpson, died in 1916, at the age of seventy-seven. She reared four children: John T.; Maryless, wife of P. R, Webster, of Rockingham County: Thomas J., who occupies the old homestead; and Eugene, a resident of Winston-Salem. John T. Simpson spent iris early life on a farm, attended the rural schools and was a practical and valuable helper on the farm for his parents until he was twenty-one. At that time he came to AVinston and found employment at the R. J. Rey- nolds Tobacco Factory. He was with that firm three years, and then for seven years was connected with P. H. Hanes in the same business. He finally returned to R. J. Reynolds and was one of the practical men in that great and growing plant for seven years. He then resigned to engage in the warehouse business, his partner being A. R. Ben- nett. At the present time he is in partnership with Mr. J. H. Glen. In 1891 Mr. Simpson married Miss Lula John- son, who was born in Forsyth County, daughter of Robert D. and Martha A. 'Johnson. Mrs. Simp- son died in 1904, leaving two children, Kathleen and James R, In 1907 Mr. Simpson married Elizabeth Shannon, who was born in Wythe County, Virginia, daughter of William and Martha (Spratt) Shannon. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson have five children: William, Elizabeth, Frances, Virginia and John T., Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson are active members of the West End Methodist Episco- pal Church, South, and he is serving as a member of its board of stewards. In fraternal affairs he is especially active in Masonry, being affiliated with Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons: Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons: Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar: and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 159 Theodore F. Davidsox, whose career is one of the most distinguished that enters into the public and professional history of North Carolina during the last half century, has now rounded out half a century of membership in the bar of Asheville, and is one of that city 's most honored residents. It is only proper to mention briefly some other members of his family who have enacted historic roles in North Carolina. The Davidson family, Scotch-Irish in origin, came to Pennsylvania from Scotland and thence to Mecklenberg County, North Carolina, as early as 174S. One of the family who made that emigration was William Davidson, a native of Pennsylvania, who during the war for independence was a major of militia and a member of the Committee of Safety, and otherwise played a prominent part in the affairs of the colonies. He was a whig, and a man of substantial property, high standing and influence. In 1791 he represented Rutherford County in the General Assembly. He took a prominent part in the enactment of that legislation which created the County of Buncombe in that session. Bun- combe county was organized, in pursuance of this act, at his own home in 1792. He served as a member of the first court for Buncombe County, and for several years represented the county in the Senate. His death occurred in 1810. William Mitchell Davidson, a son of this Revolutionary patriot, was born in 177.1 in what is now McDowell County, North Carolina. He married Elizabeth "Vance. Her father Capt. David Vance, was one of the brilliant leaders of the Continental troops in the Revolution, par- ticipating" at Brandywine, Monmouth, Ramseur's Mills, Kino-'s Mountain, Cowpens. After the Revolution Captain Vance served as a member of the General Assembly and first clerk of the Court of Buncombe County, an office he held until his death. He was the ancestor of Senator Z. B. Vance and Gen. R. B. Vance. William M. David- son after his marriaere settled on Jonathan 's Creek in Haywood County and on his larffe farm and stock ranch there reared his familv. He died in 1846 and his wife passed away in 1861.. Of their nine children one was Allen Turner Davidson, who was born in Haywood County. North Carolina, May 9, 1819. He was educated in the common schools, at Waynesville Academy, and after studying law practiced in the western counties. He was president of the Miners and Planters Bank at Mur^hv. a member of the State Convention of 1861 and otherwise interested in the development of western districts. He was director in several railroad companies and durin" the time of the Confederacy represented his district in the Confederate ConeTess and also served as solicitor of Cherokee County. Tn 1842 he married Adeline Howell. Theodore P. Davidson was one of the ei<*ht children of Allen T. and Adeline (Howell 'i David- son. He was born in Havwood County. North Carolina, March 30. 1845. He was prepared for college at Asheville by Col. Stephen Lee, cousin of Gen. Robert E. Lee. He had been appointed a naval cadet at Annapolis when the outbreak of the war changed the course of his life. April 16. 1861. at the aee of sixteen, he enlisted as a private in the Buncombe Rifles under Capt. W. W. McDowell. This was the first com- pany orpanized in the state west of the Blue Rid<*e. The company was assigned to the First North Carolina Regiment, and was disbanded at the end of six months. Young Davidson re- enlisted in Company C of the Thirty-ninth Regi- ment, under Col. David Coleman. He held the position of sergeant major until after the battle of Murfreesboro and was then commissioned aide to Gen. Robert B. Vance, commander of the mili- tary district of Western North Carolina. Later he served as assistant adjutant general on the brigade staff under Col. John B. Palmer and Gen. James G. Martin. A portion of the brigade to which he belonged about May 1, 1865, fired the last hostile guns in the great drama of the war east of the Mississippi. With the return of peace Mr. Davidson resumed his studies under Colonel Lee and toward the close of 1865 took up the study of law under Judge J. L. Bailey at Asheville. Three years later he was admitted to practice and in 186S formed a partnership with his father, which continued until the retirement of the latter in 1882. He then practiced with Col. James G. Mar- tin, and successively was head of the firm David- son & Martin, Davidson & Jones and Davidson, Bourne & Parker. During the past forty years Mr. Davidson has been connected with some of the largest interests and with some of the big ca-ses in the State of North Carolina. He has served a number of years as counsel for the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company, as vice president and counsel of the North Carolina Elec- tric and Power Company, and of the W. T. Weaver Power Company. Mr. Davidson was solicitor for Clay County, North Carolina, during 1867-68 until 'the office was abolished in the latter year by the new Con- stitution. He was one of the most zealous of the opponents of the adoption of that constitution. From 1872 for ten years he was chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Buncombe County, also chairman of the Democratic Congres- sional Committee for the Ninth District. In 1878 he was elected from Buncombe county to the State Senate and two years later reelected. Altogether he was a member of the Legislature four terms. He took a prominent part in promoting the exten- sion of railway construction, which was the matter closest to the hearts of his constituents, and in 1879 he was appointed director for the state at large of the Western North Carolina Railroad. In 1881 he was made director of the Western North Carolina Insane Asylum, having ably advo- cated the act which established that institution. In 1882 he was appointed judge of the Criminal Court of Buncombe County. In June, 1884, he was nominated for attorney general of the state, and was elected by a large majority and reelected for a succeeding term of four years, his service in that high and important office running from the year 1885 to 1893. Since then he has served as mayor of Asheville. He has served as trustee of St. Mary 's School for Girls at Raleigh, as chan- cellor of the Missionary Diocese of Western North Carolina, and is a prominent member of the Episcopal church. He has long been active in the North Carolina Bar and American Bar Associa- tions, and is a member of the Asheville Club and well known in the social life of that city. November 6, 1866, Judge Davidson married Sallie K. Alexander, daughter of Capt. A. M. Alexander of French Broad, near Asheville. Mrs. Davidson died in July, 1887. On October 12, 1893, he married Sally L. Carter, of Raleigh, North Carolina. 160 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA James William Ferguson. For exact and ready knowledge of the law, ability both as coun- selor and advocate and successful results, there is no member of the Haywood County bar with a better record than James William Ferguson, who lias practiced at Waynesville since 1893. He has been honored with several of the important offices that are in direct line with the legal profession and made a notable record as solicitor of the old Twelfth Circuit. Mr. Ferguson was born at Waynesville, North Carolina, September 29, 1873, and comes by the law almost as a birthright. He is a son of judge Garland Sevier Ferguson, long prominent both as a lawyer and as a jurist. His mother 's maiden name was Sarali Frances Norwood. James W. Ferguson was educated in public schools, attended private schools in Virginia and finished his law course in the University of North Carolina, He was admitted to the bar in October, 1893, and ever since, except so far as official duties have prevented, has been devoted to the interests and upbuilding of a general practice. Mr. Ferguson was elected a member of the Legislature in 1897. From 1898 to 1903 he was solicitor of the Twelfth Judicial District, now the Twentieth District. For six years he was a member of the Waynesville School Board. He is a Eoyal Arch in Masonry, a member of the Mystic Shrine, is past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, is affiliated with the Sigma Phi col- lege fraternity and is a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, South. February 28, 1899, Mr. Ferguson married Miss Hester L. Cooper, daughter of Capt. James W. and Emily Isabelle (Henry) Cooper. Her fa- ther was an attorney and financier at Murphy, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson have three children, James William, Jr., Edwin Cooper and Isabelle. The son Edwin Cooper is now in the radio service with the United States Navy. John Aaron Orrell has a record such as he may well be proud of, and it is a record of faith- ful and consistent service in every capacity and of an honored and influential place in community af- fairs. Born in New Hanover County October 13, 1875, and with only a common school education, he be- gan at. the age of fifteen to earn his own way in the world. From 1890 until 1911 he was con- tinuously connected with the Standard Oil Com- pany in the accounting department, and it was the ability to do hard and conscientious work that brought him into a still larger and more useful field of service. After one year with the Cape Fear Oil Company Mr. Orrel] was elected, December 1, 1912, as country treasurer of New Hanover County, and on May 1, 1913, the duties of county treasurer were combined with those of county auditor. Since then he has filled both functions in the govern- ment of his home county, and by re-election his present term runs to December, 1922. He had previously served as a member of the Board of Audit and Finance of the City of Wilmington, but resigned in 1905. Mr. Orrell 's parents were John J. and Ann E. ("Hewlett) Orrell. His father was a noted pilot in his day, and served in that capacity during the Civil war and for many years afterward. John A. Orrell is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, and the Wood- men of the World, and is a member of the Wilming- ton Chamber of Commerce. He is treasurer of the Masonboro Baptist Church. June 26, 1895, he married Miss Mattie J. Powell, of Wilmington. They have two children, May D. and John Aaron, Jr. Thomas E. Landqtjist. From messenger boy to head of one of the leading drug houses of Winston- Salem constitutes the business progress of Thomas E. Landquist. Mr. Landquist is the son of a Confederate soldier, a private in a Louisiana regi- ment who after being wounded in battle was sent to Salem, North Carolina, to recuperate and subse- quently made that his permanent home. Thomas E. Landquist was born at Winston- Salem July 23, 1873. His father and all his paternal ancestors were natives of Sweden. His grandfather was a farmer and lived in Sweden until 1856, when he came to America and settled in the Territory of Minnesota. He secured land near St. Peters, was engaged in farming there and remained a resident of that northern state until his death. He was twice married. His first wife died enroute to America, the mother of one daughter, who mar- ried a Mr. Tanquist. The second wife died in Minnesota, John Pehr Landquist, father of Thomas E., was born in Christianstad, Sweden, in 1836, a child of his father's first marriage. He attended school steadily in his youth, and at the age of seventeen sought fortune and new experience in America. He made his way to the Territory of Minnesota, and three years later was joined by his father. John P. Landquist had all the experi- ences of a frontiersman in the far Northwest until about 1859, when he went South. At the breaking out of the war he enlisted in a Louisiana regiment, went with it to the battle fields of Virginia, and in one of the engagements around Richmond in 1863 he was severely wounded. A ball passed through his lungs, and as soon as he was able to travel he was sent to Salem to recuperate. His condition did not permit his resuming active serv- ice and in a short time he engaged in merchandis- ing at Salem. That was his line of work until fail- ing health compelled him to forego all business activity, and he died there in 1879. This old Con- federate soldier married Mary Elizabeth Pfohl, daughter of Samuel Thomas and Anna Elizabeth Pfohl and granddaughter of Rev. Christian Thomas Pfohl, a noted character in this section of North Carolina, Mrs. John P. Landquist was well edu- cated in the Salem Academy and College, and after graduating taught there until her marriage. She is now deceased. Her children were three: Annie M., Thomas E. and Emma L. Emma is the wife of A. H. Stein, of Jacksonville, Florida. Thomas E. Landquist grew up in Salem, attended the Salem Boys' School, and as soon as his age permitted he determined to make his own living. He found work as a messenger in the Fries Dry Goods Store, and remained with that firm until 1S90, when, at the age of seventeen, he became a clerk in the Shaffner drug store. He remained with that firm until 1898, and in the meantime had become practically master of the trade of pharmacy as well as the business principles of the ilma trade. In 1898 he entered the University of North Carolina and took a course in pharmacy, being licensed as a registered pharmacist in the following year. He then went back to the Shaffner store, which was located on South Main Street. In ' 1901 Mr. Landquist had advanced so far in experience and was able to command sufficient HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 161 capita] to justify him in entering business for himself. He established a store on South Main Street at the corner of Shallowford Street, half a block from the business house where he had been employed for so many years. Later he consolidated his store with the Shaffner drug house, and it was incorporated as the Shaffner-Landquist Company, now the Hopkins-Landquist Company. Mr. Land- quist is now vice president, secretary and treasurer of this prominent and well known business house of Winston-Salem. On December 28, 1904, he married Miss Annie Marie Bost. Mrs. Landquist was born in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, daughter of Martin Luther anil Belle (Crowell ) Bost. Mr. and Mrs. Landquist have two children, Kozelind and Rebecca. The family are active members of the Home Moravian Church. Mr. Landquist is affiliated with Salem Lodge No. 56, Knights of Pythias. Emery Merdith Mitchell is present sheriff of Buncombe County and a man widely known and prominent in the civic and business affairs of Asheville and the surrounding district, where he has lived practically all his life. Sheriff Mitchell was born on Cane Creek near Fairview in Buncombe County June 26, 1869, a son of John C. and Margaret (Whitaker) Mitchell. His father was a farmer and it was in a rural environment that the son grew to manhood and he has never forgotten the lessons he learned on the farm and still has a fondness for rural pur- suits and owns some land, the productive resources of which are under his supervision so far as his official duties permit. He was educated in the district school and up to the age of twenty-three was a practical farmer. He then bought an interest in a meat market, and twelve months later became proprietor of the business and it was under his successful individual management for eight years. Mr. Mitchell came into public life in 1905 as deputy sheriff, aud from 1906 to 1910 was deputy and jailer. He served as first deputy under three successive sheriffs, four years. In 1914 he was elected sheriff of the county and the duties of that office have been most capably handled by him ever since. Mr. Mitchell is prominent in the Fraternal Order of Eagles, has served as vice president four yea is, president two years, and treasurer three years. He is also affiliated with the Masonic Order. Junior Order of United American Mechan- ics, Knights of Pythias and the Modern Wood- men of America, having served as vice president in the local camp of that order four years. He is a member of the First Baptist Church. Mr. Mitchell is a man of outdoor interests and tastes, and has always been an enthusiast in the sport of hunting big game. He and fifteen other con- genial associates maintain a Lodge and nearly every year hunt deer. Fox hunting is also a sport in which he indulges when opportunity offers. December 27. 1897. Mr. Mitchell married Cora Fuget, daughter of William and Lelia Fuget, Tennessee farmers. They have four children: Hobson Parris, clerk in a railway office at Ashe- ville: Robert Willis, LawTenee Hilliard and Mar- garet Lelia, all of whom are still in school. John Moxtreville Queex was admitted to the North Carolina, bar in 1909 and has since been in active practice at Waynesville, where he has Vol. v— 11 also attained prominence in public life. He is now mayor of that city, and every year finds him more strongly entrenched in the productive work of his profession. He was born at Waynesville, North Carolina, September 6, 1881, a son of James L. and Mary (Nolandj Queen, his father being a farmer and stockman in this section of the state. The son was educated in public schools, attended old Wea- ver College in Bumcombe County, and took his law work in the University of North Carolina, where he graduated August 30, 1909. The fol- lowing month he was admitted to the bar and at once returned to Waynesville to earn his first fees as a general practitioner. In 1913 he was appointed police justice upon the organization of that court, and in May, 1915, was regularly elected to the office. He was police justice until elected mayor in 1917. Mr. Queen is a steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He is past master of Waynesville Lodge No. 259, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Waynes- ville Lodge No. 171. September 3, 1911, he married Grace Ethel Shook, of Buncombe County. She is the daugh- ter of Manson Daniel and Sarah (Clinton) Shook, her father a manufacturer and farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Queen have three children: James Shook, John Montreville and Mary Catherine. Sanford C. Harper has been actively engaged in business at Winston-Salem for the past ten years, and his experience includes during his earlier life a number of years as a North Carolina farmer. He is a member of some of the very old and honored families in this section of the state. His birth occurred on a farm in Lewisville Town- ship of Forsyth County and he is descended from Zephaniah Harper, who was of Scotch ancestry, and from Southern Maryland became a pioneer in North Carolina. John Harper, grandfather of Sanford C, was born in Forsyth County, became a planter and before the war operated his fields with the aid of slave labor. He married a Miss Boyer, and they spent their last days in Lewisville Township, where they died when quite old. Their large fam- ily of children are all now deceased. Costen Harper, father of Sanford C, was born in Lewisville Township in 1823. He inherited land, and by industry and good judgment increased his holdings and became a prosperous citizen. After the war came on he enlisted in 1862 in Capt. J. A. Clement 's Independent Company of Mounted Troops and was commissioned second lieutenant. The company became Company G of the Seventh Confederate Cavalry. In 1864 it was attached to the Seventy-fifth Begiment of North Carolina Cav- alry. Lieutenant Harper in the meantime had been with his organization through numerous battles and skirmishes and hard campaigns, and he helped fight the last battles of the Confederacy. His regi- ment, led by Col. E. J. Holt, made the last charge of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was at Appomattox and Lieutenant Harper's name is on the official list of Confederate officers paroled there. After his return home he resumed farming and continued to occupy the old homestead in the southeast part of Lewisville Township until his death at the age of seventy-five. Lieutenant Harper married Emma Pfaff. She was born at Pfafftown in Forsyth County, a place named in honor of her family. Her father was Benjamin Pfaff, born in what is now Forsyth 162 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA County September 12, 1812, and her grandfather was Peter Pfaff, who was born in Germany Jan- uary 28, 1773. The records of the family show that Peter Pfaff was brought to America when very young by his parents. He subsequently bought land and settled in Vienna Township of Forsyth County, in a locality that has long been known as Pfafftown. There he built a substantial two-story house of hewed logs, weather boarded on the out- side, and there he and his good wife lived in com- fort. He was married March 23, 1802, to Magda- lena Conrad, who was born in Vienna Township November 20, 1782. These were rugged old set- tlers and in the early days they experienced many hardships and handicaps. It was years before cook stoves were introduced and most of the meals were cooked by the open fire. Peter Pfaff and wife were both active and devoted members of the Bethania Moravian Church and they were laid to rest in the graveyard there. Benjamin Pfaff spent his active career as a farmer and always lived in what is now Forsyth County. Mrs. C. E. Harper, widow of Lieutenant Harper, is still living on the old home farm. She reared four children: Henry B., John W., Sanford C. and Lydia C, wife of John Ketner. Sanford C. Harper was educated in the district schools, and he learned farming by practical ex- perience during his youth and continued for many seasons in the fields as a cultivator and general agriculturist. In 1901 he left the farm and re- moving to Greensboro became representative of the Coca Cola Company and soon established a nourishing business. In 1906 he removed to Win- ston-Salem and has continued in the same line of enterprise and with splendid success. Mr. Harper was married in 1902 to Miss Mamie Mullican. She was born in Lewisvilie Township, daughter of Lewis C. and Nancy (Vest) Mullican. The five children of Mr. and Mrs. Harper are Ruth, Robert, Sanford, Alta and Soger. Mr. Harper is affiliated with Salem Lodge No. 269 Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons; Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar; and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. Richard Rhodes Barnes. The life of Richard Rhodes Barnes came to an honorable close at his home in Barnesville June 4, 1918. But around that life, as expressed through action and in- fluence, was developed one of the interesting com- munities of Robeson County, the nucleus of which he established through his mercantile and agri- cultural activities beginning about forty-five years ago, and which has continued to grow through the addition of varied other interests. To be called the father of such a community is no small distinction, and it will be heightened by understanding the career of Mr. Barnes. It is given to few men so completely to utilize oppor- tunities, and leave so much behind them of en- during good and benefit. He was born in Robeson County in 1844, near the present Town of Proctorville. His parents were Meredith and Eliza (Ward) Barnes. His grandfather, Jethro Barnes, came to Robeson County before the close of the eighteenth century from Nash County, where his ancestors, coming originally from England, had lived for several generations. They have always been a sturdy, sub- stantial race of people. Meredith Barnes was born and reared and spent his life on the old Barnes place near the present Town of Proctor- ville, about ten miles south of Lumberton. It was in that vicinity that Richard R. Barnes spent his boyhood days. In March, 1862, he en- listed in the Confederate Army in Captain Atkin- son's company of volunteers, which became Com- pany B of the Fiftieth North Carolina Regiment of Infantry. In spite of his youth he served with the valor of a seasoned veteran in a number of campaigns of Virginia and the Carolinas. He was at Savannah when that city was evacuated by Gen- eral Hardee 's army just before General Sherman 's occupation, and going northward reached Fayette- ville, North Carolina, where he was captured. The latter weeks of the war he spent as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland, and was released and returned home in July, 1865. Soon after the war he located a few miles south of the old Barnes home place in Sterling Town- ship, in the extreme southern part of the county. In 1866 he married, and with that added responsi- bility, being a man of enterprising qualities but with exceedingly limited capital, he turned to the turpentine industry. At that time all the country was exceedingly poor, with little money in circu- lation, no industries, and agriculture at a low ebb. With many discouragements he stuck to his work, and industry and determination brought him to the enviable position he later enjoyed both financially and as a citizen. In 1873 he started a mercantile business in a small way. His fortune was built up as a result of gradual accumulations through legitimate trade and agricultural enterprise. The community which grew up around his store and farm was named Barnesville in his honor, and this village is a station on the Raleigh and Charleston Railroad. While several years ago he passed the age of three score, he continued active, energetic and progressive, a real leader in his section of the county until the close of his life. Always inter- ested in those things which expressed community service and ideals, he took special pride in the excellent Barnesville graded school, of which he was appropriately called ' ' the father. ' ' He was the more generous of his financial assistance to the cause of education because of the circumstances which prevented him in early life from securing the advantages which are the right and privilege of every American youth. Having known humble circumstances himself, he was generous of his financial means in backing- many a struggling farmer during the progress of clearing up and developing the land around Barnes- ville. This section, it may be stated, is known as the Indian Swamp District, and is famous for pro- ducing the best tobacco in Robeson County. Mr. R. R. Barnes himself for many years was a large producer of cotton and tobacco on his farms. He owned several fine farms at and adjoining Barnesville on the north, his ownership extending to about two thousand acres of this rich and val- uable soil in the Indian Swamp section. It is witli complete justice that the assertion is made that Richard Rhodes Barnes was the pioneer in stimu- lating tobacco planting in this part of Robeson County. He it was who put in the first seed bed, and he often told how he had to go to a tobacco growing community in order to learn how to con- struct and take care of a seed bed. No one item of agricultural enterprise has done more for the people of this community than tobacco raising. Besides his business interests at Barnesville he lent a helping hand in the commercial and indus- trial development of the county at large. He in- vested substantially in some of the leading insti- tutions of Lumberton, in several of which he was Qlsisl-^*^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 163 a director. These include the National Bank of Lumberton, the Planters Bank & Trust Company, of which he was vice president, the Lumberton, the Dresden and the Jennings Cotton Mills. Mr. Barnes was a democrat and for four years was county commissioner. For years he was a leading factor in the Baruesville Baptist Church, of which he served as church clerk and deacon. He was one of the prominent Baptist laymen in this part of the state and member of the executive committee of the Robeson Baptist Association. He was generous in his gifts to the benevolent enter- prises of the church and especially to the cause of Christian education. The life and work of such a man in any community has an incalculable value uot only to the present but for all the future. The Barnes store at Baruesville is just across the main road from the handsome and commodious residence where he spent the last forty -three years of his life. The approach to this home is through rows of beautiful elm and oak trees, forming an avenue that is a delight to the eye. The bride who joined her fortunes with him in 1866 was Miss Isabella Floyd, daughter of Samuel L. Floyd, of Robeson County. Mrs. Barnes, his life-long help- mate of over fifty years, has unfortunately been an invalid for several years. The only living child of Richard Rhodes Barnes is Kelly M. Barnes, referred to below. Kelly M. Barnes is the acting managing of- ficer of the Planters Bank & Trust Company of Lumberton, one of the highly prosperous and sub- stantial institutions of Robeson County. Mr. Barnes has had a useful and dignified part in the affairs of Robeson County for many years, and is one of a family whose name is significant not only of the older citizenship of the couuty, but also of that new and progressive element which has wrought such marvelous changes in the social and industrial community within the last half century. He was born in Robeson County in 1867, son of the late Richard Rhodes Barnes. He grew up at Barnesville, attended the local schools and finish- ing his education during 1884-8S in the noted mili- tary school at LaGrange, North Carolina, con- ducted by Colonel Davis, one of the ablest school men of his day. He also took a full business course in the Commercial College of the University of Kentucky. With this substantial groundwork and preparation for life, he associated himself with his father at Baruesville, and remained there until 1912. Coming to Lumberton, which has since been his home, he entered actively into banking and is now treasurer and managing officer of the Planters Bank & Trust Company, which is an enlargement of and successor to the former Farm- ers & Merchants Bank. The Planters Bank & Trust Company was or- ganized in 1916, with a capital stock of $75,000, surplus and undivided profits of about $15,000, and does a general commercial banking business and is highly prosperous in its managing personnel and its financial condition. Dr. N. A. Thompson is president and Mr. G. E. Rancke, Jr., assistant secretary and treasurer. Mr. Kelly Barnes is also president of the Farmers Tobacco 'Warehouse Company. Like his father, he has shown a ready public spirit in the communitv where he has lived, is stanchly aligned with the democratic party and a member of the Methodist Church. His first wife was Miss Nettie Pittman, of the Fairmont community, daughter of Henry F. and Rose A. Pittman. The three children of their marriage are named Pittman Barnes and Miss Ganelle and Miss Myrtle Barnes. For his present wife Mr. Barnes married Mary Agnes Brown, daughter of John A. Brown, of Red Springs, North Carolina. They have five children, Horace, Wilton, Knox, John Rhodes and Edna. Simms Eli Memory. Business success with honor, established position and influence in a community are the achievements most closely associated with the name of Memory in the city of Whiteville and Columbus County. The late Thomas Stephens Memory was a native of Bladen County, North Carolina, and in 1847 established himself in a general merchan- dise business at Whiteville in Columbus County. He continued a merchant throughout his life. Soon after he began business at Whiteville he failed. He had secured his stock of merchandise on credit through money borrowed from friends in New York. Returning to New York, he was able to effect a settlement with his creditors on a basis of fifty cents on the dollar. He had the courage to enter business again. In a few years he again went to New York, and though he held receipts in full for all his previous debts, he insisted that the old accounts be settled on a par basis, and not only that, but paid the interest on the unpaid fifty per cent. It was this act more than anything else which was significant of his entire career of honesty and integrity, and his whole life was characterized by the same scrupu- lous honor. He filled a high position in the com- munity and for eight years was county treasurer of Columbus County. The death of this honored citizen occurred December 18, 1895. He married Rachel Baldwin, who is also deceased. Their son Simms Eli Memory has continued the business established by his father seventy years ago, and has likewise enjoyed the confidence of an entire community. He was born in White- ville May 25, 1856. On January 29, 1878, he married Emmie Cameron Simms, of Atlanta, Georgia. She is a daughter of Col. Thomas G. and Jane (Cameron) Simms. To their marriage have been born three children. Thomas Simms is associated with his father in the Memory Company, general merchants, at Whiteville, and by his marriage to Estelle Meredith of Wilming- ton, has four children named Simms Edward, Ruth, Louise and Emily Ross. Irene Foster, the second child, is the wife of Capt. James I. Davis, who is in the United States Coast Defense at South- port, North Carolina, and they have two children, Jane Cameron and Catherine. Annie Cameron is still at home with her parents. Mr. Memory has served as alderman of White- ville, is a deacon and trustee of the Baptist church, and he, as was his father before him, has been very prominent in church affairs. His father is credited with the work and influence which brought about the establishment of the present Baptist Church at Whiteville. Maurice Victor, Barnhill. One of the bril- liant members of the Nash County bar and prose- cuting attorney is Maurice Victor Barnhill, who, along witli the qualities indispensable to the law- yer, a keen, rapid, logical mind, eloquence of language and a strong personality, possesses the capacity for hard work. Maurice Victor Barnhill was born December 5, 1887, at Enfield, Halifax County, North Caro- 164 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Una. His parents are Martin Van Boren and Mary (Dawes) Barnhill, his mother being a sis- ter of ex-Senator, John Dawes, of Elm City, North Carolina. His father has led an agricul- tural life. Maurice V. Barnhill attended the Enfield graded schools and then entered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Prior to returning to the university to pursue a law course, he was con- nected for a time with the Toisnot Banking- Company at Elm City, North Carolina, in the capacity of assistant cashier. He then entered the law department of the University of North Carolina, from which he was graduated in 1909 and in February of that year was licensed to practice by the Supreme Court of the state. He immediately located at Ealeigh and entered into a law partnership with Walter H. Grimes and continued there until March, 1910, when he came to Rocky Mount. Here Mr. Barnhill has won deserved recognition through his thorough legal knowledge, his fine ability and a dignified but pleasing personality. He has been identified with a large amount of very important litigation and that the impression he has made on his fellow citizens in relation to his ability and integrity, is evidenced by his election to the important office of prosecuting attorney. Mr. Barnhill was married June 5, 1912, to Miss Nannie Rebecca Cooper, who was born at Bocky Mount and is a daughter of George B. and Alice (Arrington) Cooper. Mr. and Mrs. Barnhill have one son, who was born December 5, 1914, and bears his father's entire name. They are active and valued members of the First Methodist Epis- copal Church, South, and Mr. Barnhill is a mem- ber of the board of stewards. While his profession claims a large part of his time and his official duties never suffer neglect, Mr. Barnhill has additional important interests in this section. He is president of the City Guar- antee & Title Company, and he is also president of the Sharpsburg Banking Company and a director of the Toisnot Banking Company, and evidently had he confined his attention to the banking field he would have been more than measurably successful along that line. Mr. Barnhill is a member of the Nash County Bar Association and the North Carolina Bar As- sociation, and is prominent in Masonry, having received the York rite and is a member of the Mystic Shrine. He is identified also with the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias and with various social organizations. Mr. Barnhill is very benevolent in his instincts and generously eon- tributes to all worthy charitable enterprises. John C. Stout is a native of North Carolina and for a number of years has successfully prac- ticed his profession as an architect at Rocky Mount. His family has lived in North Carolina for several generations, and he is descended from Richard Stout, who in 1640 came from England to New Amsterdam, now New York. Richard Stout married one of the most interesting women named in Colonial history. Some interesting facts connected with the early generations of the Stout family are found in "Benedict's History of the Baptists," published at Boston in 1813. From this work the following sentences are quoted: ' ' The family of the Stouts are so remarkable for their number, origin and character, in both church and state, that their history deserves to be conspicuously recorded; and no place can be so proper as that of Hopewell, where the bulk of the family reside. We have already seen that Jonathan Stout and family were the seed of the Hopewell church, and the beginning of Hope- well settlemeut; and that of the fifteen which constituted the church, nine were Stouts. The church was constituted at the house of a Stout, and the meetings were chiefly at the dwellings of the Stouts for forty-one years, viz.: From the beginning of the settlement to the building of the meeting house, before described. Mr. Hart was of opinion (in 1790) 'that from first to last, half the members have been and were of that name; for, in looking over the church book (saith he), I find that near two hundred of the name have been added; besides about as many more of the Wood of the Stouts, who had lost the name by marriages. The present (1790) two deacons and four elders are Stouts; the late Zebulon and David Stout were two of its main pillars; the last lived to see his offspring multiplied into an hundred and seventeen souls. ' The origin of this Baptist family is no less remarkable; for they all sprang from one woman, and she as good as dead; her history is in the mouths of most of her posterity, and is told as follows: 'She was born at Amsterdam, about the year 1602; her father's name was Vanprincis; she and her first husband (whose name is not known) sailed for New York (then New Amsterdam) about the year 1620; the vessel was stranded at Sandy Hook; the crew got ashore, and marched toward the said New York; but Penelope's (for that was her name) husband being hurt in the wreck, could not march with them; therefore, he and his wife tarried in the woods; they had not been long in the place before the Indians killed them both (as they thought) and stripped them to the skin; however, Penelope came to, though her skull was fractured and her left shoulder so hacked that she could never use that arm like the other; she was also cut across the abdomen, so that her bowels appeared; these she kept in with her hand; she continued in this situation for seven days, taking shelter in a hollow tree, and eating the excrescence of it; the seventh day she saw a deer passing by with arrows sticking in it, and soon after two Indians appeared, whom she was glad to see, in hope they would put her out of her misery; accord- ingly, one made towards her to knock her on the head; but the other, who was an elderly man. prevented him ; and throwing his matehcoat about her, carried her to his wigwam, and cured her of her wounds and bruises; after that he took her to New York, and made a present of her to her countrymen, viz., an Indian present, expecting ten times the value in return. It was in New • York that one Richard Stout married her; he was a native of England and of a good family; she was now in her twenty-second year and he in his fortieth. She bore him seven sons and three daughters, viz.: Jonathan (founder of Hope- well), John, Richard, James, Peter, David, Benja- min, Mary, Sarah and Alice; the daughters married into the families of the Bounds' Pikes, Throekmor- tons and Skeltons, and so lost the name of Stout : the sons married into the families of Bullen, Craw- ford, Ashton, Truax, etc., and had many children. The mother lived to the age of one hundred ten years, and saw her offspring multiplied into five hundred and two in about eighty-eight years.' ' John Christie Stout was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, December 19, 1860. His mCu. L>. A^uJU^f' , HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 165 ■parents were Peter and Mary (Wrightsman) Stout, good, solid people, old settlers and among the sub- stantial class. John C. Stout obtained his education in the public schools and as he early displayed inclina- tion and talent in the direction of architecture, he entered upon the serious study of this art and re- mained for three and one-half years under the preceptorship of the well known architect, Thomas A. Klutz. Mr. Stout then embarked in a building and contracting business for himself, combining architectural designing, and continuing until 1906, since which time he has devoted his talents ex- clusively to architectural work, making a specialty of residences, churches, courthouses, bank build- ings and other dignified structures. Mr. Stout has proved a thorough master of his craft and has made nn enviable reputation for himself as an architect, exemplified in many buildings which he has designed at Rocky Mount. Mr. Stout was married at Fayetteville. North Carolina, March 31, 1S86, to Miss Hattie Cornelia Jordan, who is a daughter of Thomas - J. and Annie (Massie) Jordan, a well known old family of the state. Mr. and Mrs. Stout are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Mr. Stout is prominent in the Masonic fraternity, being mas- ter of St. John's Lodge No. 1, Wilmington, is a Knight Templar and has reached the Thirty-second degree and belongs also to the Mystic Shrine. John W. Byerly has been well. known in the business community of Winston-Salem for many years. He was formerly a merchant and tobacco manufacturer, but is now living practically re- tired. Mr. Byerly is a descendant of North Carolina pioneers. The Byerly family was established in America by three brothers named Frank, George and John Byerly, all natives of Heidelberg, Ger- many. On coming to America they settled in North Carolina and from that state their descendants have become widely spread. John Byerly, grand- father of John W., was born in Davidson County, and in the early days came to what is now Forsyth County, purchasing land about two miles from Winston-Salem. He had slaves, used them to de- velop and cultivate his land, and spent his life use- fully and honorably in the pursuit of agriculture until his death when upwards of eighty years of age. He married a Miss Foltz. They reared five sons, named Alexander, James, Harrison. Sanford and Addison. Their only daughter died when young. Sanford Byerly was born in what is now Forsyth County and near Winston-Salem in 1825. He grew up to be a man of energy, perseverance, and was markedly successful in his varied affairs. In early life with his brother Harrison be established a tan- nery near Winston. This was operated for some years, and the former subsequently bought out his brother 's interest and continued the husiness. Later he was a merchant in the locality then known as Liberty, now North Salem. From merchan- dising he turned his attention to the manufacture of tobacco, and was still aetivelv engaged in that when he died in 1888. Sanford Byerly married Eliza Masten. Her an- cestors were also important factors in the early life of Western North Carolina. Her grandfather, John Masten, was a planter, and for a number of years owned and occupied a plantation southeast of Winston-Salem. In that locality he spent his last vears. John Masten married Elizabeth Stan- ley, a native of England. She came to America with her parents, and both she and her husband lived to advanced years. They reared six children, named Mathias, Mary, Rhoda, William, Joseph and Matilda. John Masten and wife were Quakers, were active members of the Muddy Creek Church, and they are buried in that churchyard. William Masten, maternal grandfather of John W. Byerly, was born on a plantation about 3% miles south of Winston-Salem in 1796. He grew up on the old farm, succeeded to ownership of the homestead, and supervised its operation with the aid of his slaves until his death on November 2, 1860. He married Lucy Richards, a native of Davidson County. Her parents were Walter and Joyce (Pate) Richards. Joyce' Pate's parents came to America when she was thirteen years of age and settled in Tennessee. Walter Richards was probably a native of Switzerland and while travel- ing in Tennessee met and married Miss Pate, and they soon afterwards moved to Davidson County, North Carolina, where they lived a contented and prosperous life. Mrs. Lucy (Richards) Masten died about 1846. She left nine children, and her husband married for his second wife Parthenia Teague, who survived him about twenty-four years. His children, all by the first marriage, were named John, Joseph, Catherine, Linda, Eliza, Maxy. Wil- liam, Sarah and Robert. Robert became a teacher. Joseph was a well known attorney. John took a prominent part in public affairs and was at one time a member of the State Legislature. Sarah lives at Winston-Salem and is the widow of Wesley I. Idol. William was lieutenant of Company D in the Twenty-first Regiment of North Carolina Troops in the war between the states. Walter Richards was a Moravian, his wife a Lutheran, while William Masten was reared a Quaker and his wife being a Lutheran by training they com- promised by becoming primitive Baptists. Mr. John W. Byerly was one of two children. His sister Laura, now deceased, married Frank C. Brown. John W. Byerly after completing his course in the city schools became associated with his father in the store. After his father 's death he continued the tobacco business and built that up to prosperous proportions. He finally closed it out and has since given his time largely to his private affairs. Mr. Byerly is vice president of the Frank C. Brown & Sons Company at Winston- Salem. He is a member of the Twin City Club, of Salem Lodge No. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of Fairview Council No. 9, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Elder Sylvester Hassell. for many years edi- tor and publisher of the Gospel Messenger at Williamston, North Carolina, has for over half a century had a useful career as an educator, edi- tor and minister of the Primitive Baptist Church. He was born at Williamston, North Carolina, July 28, 1842, and his lineage connects him with early colonial history in the Carolinas. His par- ents were Gushing Biggs and Mary (Davis) Has- sell. The Hassells were of Huguenot stock and came from England to Tyrrell and Washington counties, North Carolina, during the eighteenth century. Gushing B. Hassell was a son of Joshua N. Hassell. who died in 1824. Joshua Hassell married Martha Biggs, whose ancestors came from England to Virginia during the eighteenth cen- tury. Gushing Biggs Hassell was the head of a num- ber of large business enterprises and also a prim- 166 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA itive Baptist minister. He served as moderator of the Kehukee Primitive Baptist Association for many years, until his death, was clerk and mas- ter in equity, trustee of the University of North Carolina for eighteen years. In 1875 he was a member of the State Constitutional Conven- tion, where he took a most prominent part, fre- quently engaging Judge Tourgee, the leading car- pet-bagger in debate and opposing the removal of the disabilities of Governor W. W. Holden on the grounds, chiefly, that the people had not elected the members with view of action on that ques- tion. He was at one time president of the Roa- noke Navigation Company, served as county treas- urer of Martin County, was pastor of Skewarkey and Spring Green churches. He was joint author of his son Sylvester of a "History of the Church of God from the Creation to A. D. 1885." His first wife, mother of Sylvester Hassell, was Mary Davis. She was a daughter of Col. Durham Da- vis, who in turn was a son of William Davis and the latter a son of Durham Davis. The Davis ancestors came from England prior to the Revo- lution. Elder Sylvester Hassell was educated in the Williamson Academy and the University of North Carolina, entering in 1858, and having been grad- uated with the highest honors. In June, 1867, he was granted the degree Master of Arts by the university. He was a member and was presi- dent in 1861 of the Philanthropic Literary Society at Chapel Hill. At the university he also be- came identified with the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. His early work was as a teacher at Williamston in this state, at Wilmington and New Castle, Del- aware, and at Wilson, North Carolina. When the war came on he was examined successively by six Confederate surgeons, but each time was ex- empted from active field duty on account of phys- ical disability. However, in the fall of 1861 he became clerk to Col. S. W. Watts in the Mar- tin County Militia Regiment at Port Hill in Beau- fort County. Elder Hassell was principal of Williamston Academy from 1865 to 1868, and again from 1886 to 1890, he was professor of languages in the Delaware State Normal University at Wil- mington, from 1869 to 1870, and was principal of the William Penn graded schools at New Cas- tle, Delaware, 1870-71. Erom 1872 to 1886 he was principal of the Wilson Collegiate Institute at Wilson, North Carolina, and during a portion of that time, 1882-84. was principal of the State Normal School at Wilson. In 1886, he aban- doned his chosen profession of teaching on ac- count of his low state of health and returned to Williamston, his old home. In 1892-93 he served as county examiner of teachers of Martin County. Since 1892 Elder Hassell has devoted his time to his duties as editor and publisher of the Gospel Messenger, a monthly magazine of the Primitive Baptist Faith and Order, which was established at Wilson in 1878. Since 1896 he has been pro- prietor of this religious periodical. During the years from 1880 to 1886 he was half owner of the Wilson Collegiate Institute. Politically Elder Hassell has always been a democrat and has reg- ularly voted in State and Federal elections. Practically his lifetime has been devoted to the service of his church. He was baptized by his father in the Roanoke River at Williamston on January 11, 1864. Since that time he has been a member of the Skewarkey Primtive Baptist Church near Williamston. He served as pastor of the church from 1880, and has also been pastor of Conetoe, Great Swamp, Jamesville and Hamilton churches. Since 1880 he has been moderator of the Kehukee Association. Sylvester Hassell was married September 4, 1869, at the home of the bride five miles south of Williamston, to Mary Isabelle Yarrell, daughter of Julius Slade and Emeline Yarrell. She was born January 5, 1849, and died August 26, 1871, leaving one child, Paul, who died March 7, 1886. On May 3, 1876, at the residence of Calvin Wood- ard, her father, six miles southeast of Wilson, Elder Hassell married Frances Louisa Woodard. Her parents were Calvin and Winifred Woodard. She was born October 13, 1859, and died January 6, 1889. Of her five children Frances Winniefred was born December 9, 1888, and died May 3, 1889, in early infancy. Elder Hassell 's surviving children are : Francis Sylvester Hassell, the Wil- son attorney mentioned above; Charles Hassell, who married Miss Helen E. Hulse, of Washing- ton, D. C. ; Mary Hassell, wife of John L. Has- sell; and Calvin Woodard Hassell, who married Miss Annie Laurie Clark, of Raleigh. Francis Sylvester Hassell, a son of Elder Sylvester Hassell, long prominent as an educator, minister and editor, whose record will be found on other pages of this publication, chose the law as his individual calling and for a number of years has successfully practiced at Wilson. He was born at Wilson August 27, 1881, was educated in the old Williamson Academy, the Whitaker Academy and Tarboro Male Academy, and in 1903 graduated A. B. from the Univer- sity of North Carolina. He continued his studies for the profession in the University Law School, and received his license in February, 1906. After practicing 1*4 years in Williamston Mr. Hassell removed to Wilson and has found in that city ample opportunities for a successful career. During his practice he served as county attorney and city attorney. There early came to him rec- ognition as a resourceful young leader in the democratic party. He has served as secretary of the Democratic Executive Committee and as a member of the Congressional Executive Commit- tee and is now chairman of the Democratic Execu- tive Committee of Wilson County. Mr. Has- sell was formerly a member of the Commonwealth Club, and now belongs to the Chamber of Com- merce, the Rotary Club, and to the Kappa Alpha fraternity (southern). He was married at Abbeville, South Carolina, June 4, 1913, to Blanche Gary, daughter of Chief Justice Eugene B. Gary. They have two chil- dren, Blanche Gary Hassell and Francis Sylves- ter Hassell, Jr. Joseph Hatch Hintox. To the casual observer it often appears that men who attain success do so by and through the force of accidental chance, and because success has not perched on their ban- ner they attribute it to the adverse force of Fate. Such a criticism is generally unjust, in-so-far that men are truly the architects of their own for- tunes and their ability to plan and persevere de- spite apparently insurmountable obstacles is the tribute they owe to a forceful ancestry. This is true in the life and career of Joseph Hatch Hinton, who first saw the light of day in Wilmington, North Carolina, on March 24, 1870. His parents were of the more intelligent and HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 167 progressive citizenship of Wilmington, but the commercial conditions in the South were so nega- tive that the opportunity for amassing wealth was impossible. However, the parents of our subject, Joseph H. and Elizabeth Grant Hinton, imparted to their offspring, by precept and exam- ple, the highest principles of life and conduct. The elder Hinton was an educator — highly esteemed hy all who knew him and at the time of his death was principal of the Wilmington High School for Young Men, and his name and mem- ory arc still held in loving remembrance by all who knew him and especially by those who sat at his feet receiving their guidance through his teachings. The subject of this sketch felt an early call to a business career and thus leaving school at the age of sixteen he entered the hotel business with the avowed purpose of mastering it in all its details. Thus starting at the bottom he rapidly mastered its various branches and at the early age of eight- een we find him installed as proprietor of the Parcel] Hotel in his native city — one of the lead- ing hotels there and he being probably at that time the youngest hotel proprietor in the United States. His success here was such that later he was requested by the owners to lease the Orton House, the largest hotel in the city. This he did, and with his characteristic zeal and energy soon made that hostelry famous for its splendid care of the traveling public. In fact his dining Toom service especially was considered by all as unsurpassed anywhere in the state. His fitness in his chosen field was so well rec- ognized that when the opportunity came for him to purchase the Orton Hotel he did so, nor was Wilmington disappointed in the new owner, since he at once increased its usefulness in both size and service, so that today Mr. Joseph Hinton is numbered among the most progressive and wealthiest citizens of the City by the Sea. As he is approaching the half century line he has laid aside his more active business lines to the plans of a director in the interests with which he is identified and in all of these he takes rank as one of the most aggressively constructive and progressive directors. He owns the Orton Hotel, is president of the Wrightsville Beach Hotel, which owns the Seashore Hotel; he is president of the Co-operative Building & Loan Association of Wilmington: president of the City Laundry Company; president of the Kure Land & Develop- ment Companv and a director of the Fidelity Trust & Development Company. Mr. Hinton has been too busy doing things to spend much time in club life. He is one of the most companionable of men — genial and social to an unusual decree, generous and sympathetic to- ward others. His life is absolutely devoid of cant and pretense and whatever he essays he does with enthusiasm. He is a valued member of the Cape Fear Coun- try Club and an active member of St. Paul's Fp'scopal Church, being also a vestryman. However, his greatest joy and pride and the center of nearly all of his spare moments is found in the companionship of his charming home circle, which is practically ideal. Tn 1898. on December 10th, Mr. Hinton was happily united in marriage to Miss Camille Pen- nington, of Wilmington. North Carolina, and this union has been blessed by two lovely children. Lewis P. and Josephine. 'Their home' is one of the most spacious and elegant in Eastern North Carolina, and it is here where Mr. Hinton finds his greatest enjoyment, surrounded by his ideal home circle and friends; for in fact Mrs. Hinton herself is one of the most beautiful and accom- plished women of her native city and her largest traits of character are her many missions in all line of charities and her eagerness to be a true companion to her noble husband and in their mutual desire to be of useful service to others. Jackson* Greer. For the past sixteen years Jackson Greer has combined successful practice as a lawyer at Whiteville with the honorable dis- tinctions that come from active participation in public affairs. He is known as a hard working, faithful and capable lawyer, a student of current events, and an able administrator of public office. Mr. Greer was born on a farm in Onslow County, North Carolina, October 23, 1870, a son of Benjamin and Mary (Bryan) Greer. Though his early life was spent in the country he secured better than the usual schooling afforded to country boys, and attended both the common and high schools of his section. He studied law in the law department of the University of North Carolina, and in February, 1900, was admitted to the bar, soon afterward locating in Whiteville, where he has been steadily building up a large general practice. For three terms Mr. Greer was entrusted with the administration of the office of county attorney of Columbus County, being the present incumbent of that office and has handled every detail of his official work with exacting care. For four years he was a member of the Board of Aldermen of Whiteville, and resigned that office when elected to the State Senate in 1906. He was in the State Senate one term. Mr. Greer is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, of the Masonic Order, the Fra- ternal Order of Eagles and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He and his family are members of the Baptist Church. On November 8, 1896, he married Miss Etha Pridgen, of Pender County, North Carolina. They are the parents ot six children: Gladys Jewett, Charles Latimer, Jackson, Jr., William Walton, Mary Catherine and Francis Benjamin. Thomas Browx Wojiack. On the morning of February 18, 1910, the immortal soul of Thomas Brown Womaek passed away in the City of Raleigh, North Carolina, his chosen home, and thus the legal profession in the State of North Carolina lost another of its brightest members. Born on the 12th day of February, 1855, at Pitts- boro, North Carolina, with distinguished ancestry on both sides of his family, he began life under the adversities suffered by his father during the Civil war. His school education was scanty, ending at the Pittsboro Academy when he was but fifteen years of age. He began life as a clerk in a store and later as a sewing machine agent. At the age of nineteen he took up the study of law under the direction of Hon. John Manning, whose careful tutorage, aided by a quick, grasping mind, per- mitted Judge Womaek to enter his profession in 1876, at the age of twenty-one. Overcoming the disadvantages from the lack of a collegiate educa- tion, he arose to statewide prominence in his pro- fession on account of his accurate mental power, indefatigable work and quick attention to even the smallest details of his practice. The confidence which he inspired in all with 168 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA whom lie came in contact is shown by the many positions which his fellowmen bestowed upon him and the large clientele which he enjoyed. In 1878 he was elected solicitor of the Inferior Court and in 1882 and 1884 was twice elected to the General Assembly. In 1889 he was principal clerk of the House of Representatives in the Legislature of North Carolina, and also a member of the Board of Directors of the Institution for the Blind. Upon the resignation of Judge Gilmer as judge of the Superior Court in the Fifth District, Governor Fowle appointed him to fill the vacancy. In all of these positions he was noted for his kindly man- ner, his courteous bearing and marked ability. In 1898 he moved from Pittsboro to New York City as an associate counsel for the American Tobacco Company, soon thereafter removing to the State of North Carolina where he again took up the practice of his profession in the City of Baleigh. The profession of North Carolina is greatly in- debted to him as the author of "Womack's Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court, ' ' and the ' ' Law of Private Corporations of the State of North Carolina, ' ' both books of great value to the legal profession and both showing the carefulness with which he accomplished everything. In 1903 he was elected by the General Assembly as chairman of the commission which compiled the statutory laws of the state, now composing the Revisal of North Carolina in 1905. In 1904 Wake Forest College honored itself and him by conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws. A man of courteous and gentle bearing towards all, but of a quiet dignity which commanded re- spect, his advice was freely sought not only by the laymen but by the lawyers throughout the state. An able advocate and an excellent trial lawyer, he was, however, at his best in an advisory capacity. He abhorred unnecessary litigation. Dealing always fairly and uprightly with all men, it was his aim and endeavor to smooth over differences be- tween his fellow men and to keep them out of litigation. Of him one who knew him intimately and who had practiced law at the same bar with him truth- fully said: "I never heard him speak evil of any man, or any man speak evil of him. He had no envy or jealousy in him. If he lost in a matter he was one of those rare men who offer, in sincerity, con- gratulations to the winner. He was glad of the success of any man." A courteous gentleman, an upright Christian, a lover of his fellow men, an ever willing server for the good of his state, a well grounded and careful lawyer; in fact, a great man has gone. — (Con- tributed by courtesy of W. H. Pace.) William Heck Pace is senior member of the law 'firm of Pace & Boushall of Baleigh, his asso- ciate being Mr. John H. Boushall. The Baleigh bar has known this partnership name at two dif- ferent periods in the past half century. It is interesting to note that both the young men now in partnership as Pace & Boushall are sons of two' prominent lawyers who were likewise associated on a partnership basis thirty years ago. The father of William Heck Pace was William Hartwell Pace, who was born in Wake County, North Carolina, gave his entire life to his profes- sion as a lawyer and died in 1893. The maiden name of his wife was Mary Louise Heck. William Heck Pace was born at Raleigh Decem- ber 7, 1883, and he had every encouragement and advantage while preparing for his chosen profes- sion. He attended the Baleigh Male Academy, Wake Forest College, from which he was graduated A. B. in 1903, and studied law both at the Uni- versity of North Carolina and at Wake Forest College. He was admitted to the bar in February, 1905. Mr. Pace began his practice at Baleigh and from 1906 was associated with the late Judge Thomas B. Womack until the latter 's death in 1910. Mr. Pace practiced alone until September, 1913, when he formed his partnership with Mr. John H. Boushall. While their practice is general, they do a large amount of work for corporations, and are attorneys for the Baleigh Savings Bank and Trust Company, for the Western Union Company and for the estate of Mrs. F. P. Tucker. Mr. Pace is a member of the Wake County, North Carolina and American Bar associations. He is a lawyer of the highest standing, has a splendid equipment and the qualifications of mental ability and integrity, and his successful career may be said to have only begun. He is a member of the Baleigh Country Club, and of the First Baptist Church. On June 18, 1912, he married Miss Elizabeth Skinner of Raleigh. They have one son, William Heck, Jr., born February 12, 1914. D. Russell Foster, who has become well known in Wilmington in real estate circles and in con- nection with a number of business concerns, was born at Wilmington March 30, 1882, a son of Flavel W. and Gertrude S. (Hall) Foster. He was educated in the public schools, the Horner Military School and the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege at Baleigh. His father was for many years a successful manufacturer of lumber at Wilmington. He died December 5, 1902, when Russell Foster was twenty years of age and still in school. Called home by the death, Russell Foster at once resumed the responsibilities of managing his father's affairs, and the lumber business engaged his time and energies for about three years. In 1905 Mr. Foster established his first real estate business, and since carried out some ex- tensive plans for the platting and sale of important subdivisions in and around Wilmington, and among others has laid out Carolina Court. He also organized the People's Building and Loan Association, of which he is secretary and treasurer, organized the Manhattan Company and is a direc- tor of the People's Bank. He is a member of the Cape Fear Club and of the First Presbyterian Church. April 3, 1908, he married Miss Anna S. Man- ley, of Canton, Pennsylvania. They are the proud parents of three sons: Bandolph Manley, Bobert Manley and Bobert Flavel. Charles Aurelius Webb is one of the really distinguished men of Western North Carolina. He was licensed to practice law and located at Asheville in 1891. Folitical honors followed rap- idly upon his first successes as a lawyer, and for three successive terms he represented Buncombe County in the State Senate. As chairman o*' the Democratic Executive Committee In- proved him- self one of the ablest political managers the party has ever had, and made North Carolina practi- cally a. unit for the welfare and strength of de- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 169 mocraey in the nation. Mr. Webb is now serving his second term as United States marshal for the Western District of North Carolina. He was born at Warrenton, North Carolina, November 4, 1866, sou of Alexander S. and An- abelle ( Moore j Webb. The Webb family has long been prominent in Orange County, North Carolina, his great-grandfather on his father's side, Richard Stanford, being for many years a member of the United States House of Represen- tatives. Alexander S. Webb served four years in the Confederate army and was as brave a soldier as ever followed Lee and Jackson. He was in many of the bloodiest battles of the war and a few months before Appomattox was cap- tured and was in prison at Fort Delaware until practically the end of the war. The mother of Charles A. Webb was the daughter of Rev. Junius P. Moore, a noted Methodist minister of Person County, North CaroUna. The close of the war found Alexander S. Webb absolutely without means, and in the reconstruc- tion period that followed he was unable to accumu- eumulate a margin above necessary expenses suf- ficient to provide a liberal education for his chil- dren. Therefore Charles A. Webb had a rare stroke of good fortune when at the age of fifteen he was taken into the home of his noted uncles, W. R. and J. M. Webb, proprietors and princi- pals of the famous Webb School at Bellbuckle, Tennessee. There he was given the benefit of four years of training in this school, which has equipped thousands of successful men for col- lege and for life. From that school he went into the ranks of teachers for one year, and applied his earnings to the entrance fee and other ex- penses when be entered the University of North Carolina in 1886. Through the generosity and kindness of Dr. Kemp P. Battle he secured loans from the Deems Fund and the Smith Fund, and by tutoring other students, keeping the Society Library, and performing other work he remained at the university until he graduated in 1889 with the highest honors. However, he was heavily in debt for his education when he left university, but had something more than the average gradu- ate, a training in self-reliance and a familiarity with the value of struggle and industry as a key to unlock the resources of life. Mr. Webb gradu- ated second in a class of twenty-one at the Uni- versity, was Washington 's Birthday orator in Feb- ruary, 1889, won the debater's and essayist's medals in the Dialectic Society in the same year and on his graduation was awarded the Wiley P. Mangum oratorical medal. The fall following his graduation from Univer- sity Mr. Webb moved to Asheville, and during the next two years was teacher in the public schools of that city. He had carried some courses in the law while at the university and subsequently studied law at the university under the late Dr. John Manning and Judge James E. Shepherd. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and for more than a quarter of a century has enjoyed a large and successful practice, has been consid- ered one of the most resourceful trial lawyers in the Asheville District and was connected with some of the highly important litigation in the courts of the state. He was a leading attorney in the case of the Southern Railway Company vs. Commissioners, involving the tax levy of Bun- combe County for 1907. The primary question of the case was the limitation of the poll tax to $2 on the head. Mr. Webb insisted from the he- ginning of the controversy that in no event could the poll tax exceed $2. Although it was gener- ally thought that the Supreme Court would be of a different opinion, the court sustained Mr. Webb 's contentions and in effect overruled the trend of many former decisions of the court which held a contrary view. While Mr. Webb was a successful lawyer before he was widely known in polities, he has always been deeply interested in political affairs, be- ginning his services as ehairmau of the City Democratic Executive Committee and later be- ing transferred to county and state committees. He was elected to represent Buncombe County in the State Senate three times, in 1902, 1904 and 1906. His veteran republican rivals in those three elections were, respectively, Thomas Settle, W. G. Candler and V. S. Lusk. An excellent re- view of his senatorial work was contained in a brief editorial in the Raleigh News & Observer: "This is his third successive term in the Sen- ate, and he has proved worthy in every instance of the honots that have been conferred upon him. Upon the organization of the Senate in 1905 he was chosen president pro tern and again in 1907 this honor fell worthily upon him. While act- ing as presiding officer at times during the ses- sion he showed ability and capacity for presid- ing of the highest order, and was recognized as a parliamentarian of rare capacity. "In 1907 he was chairman of the committee on insane asylums, and shares jointly with Eep- resentative Bickett (now governor), the honor of having secured the passage of the bill appropriat- ing $500,000 for permanent improvements for the state hospitals and for hospitals for the in- digent insane, the dangerous idiots and epilep- tics. The governor has appointed him a member of the commission of five to spend that $500,000 and a better appointment could not have been made. He also served as a member of the com- mittees on counties, cities and towns, corporation commission, election law and rules committee. He was a member of the conference committee that secured an agreement with the House of Repre- sentatives and made it possible to secure the pas- sage of the 2% per cent passenger rate bill. Sen- ator Webb was one of the best leaders on the floor of the Senate. He is a conservative thinker and an able and a fearless advocate of the causes he represents and his conception of the duty of a Senator, to wit : To represent his people, is eminently correct. In him Buncombe County has a senator who fully measured up to the high standards set by that county that has sent many notable men to the State Senate." After the appointment of the State, Hospital Commission Mr. Webb was elected its chairman. While in the State Senate in 1903 he introduced and secured the passage of the bill which limits the time attorneys may address juries in. certain cases. This statute effected a real reform in court procedure, and its application has no doubt been a means of saving the state many thousands of dollars. While in the Senate he also conceived the idea of enlarging the jurisdiction of municipal courts, and prepared the bill which afterwards became the act establishing the present police court of the City of Asheville. The jurisdiction of this court was assailed in the case of State vs. Lytle. but his ideas were sustained by the Supreme Court. Since then many other cities and towns have had similar jurisdiction conferred upon their 170 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA police courts, and the original measure alone has in many instances revolutionized the handling of criminal and civil eases in larger towns and cities. All who have followed the private and public career of Mr. Webb to any extent will agree to the correctness of the following estimate: "He has almost an infinite capacity for details and is quick in thought and action. It has been said of him that his capacity for detail and untiring energy made him one of the most effective legis- lators the state has ever had. Mr. Webb is one of the strongest political leaders in Western North Carolina, and is acknowledged by all to be a dangerous foe in a political fight and an inval- uable friend to the side he espouses. He has a very wide acquaintance, is a good judge of men and faithful to a fault in behalf of his friends. To say that he is a man of ability is to speak what many already know. But he is much more than that; he knows how to turn his ability into practical utility; he is wise and far-seeing. His judgment is very frequently sought after." Political leaders will remember the splendid results that he obtaintd as chairman of the State Democratic Executive Committee in 1912, when Governor Craig was elected head of the State Government and when North Carolina rolled up a complete majority for Woodrow Wilson. In that year the governor carried the state over other candidates by 56,400 votes, a gain of nearly 20,000 over the former governor 's majority, while President Wilson 's majority of 46,238 was a gain of more than 22,000 over the vote of 1908. At the same time the indefatigable manager of that cam- paign brought about the election of 103 democratic members of the Legislature and forty-seven mem- bers of the Senate, making the most complete democratic victory the state had had for many years. In the same year North Carolina sent a solid delegation of ten democratic representatives to Congress. Mr. Webb would have made a most competent United States attorney. However, on December 24, 1913, he accepted the appointment of United States marshal for the Western District of North Carolina, from President Wilson, and after four years of valued service in that position, was renominated and reappointed in December, 1917. Mr. Webb was one of the first men in North Carolina to appreciate the western section of the state for its value and possibilities as a fruit and cattle raising district. He has taken effec- tive means to demonstrate these possibilities. He himself owns the finest apple orchard west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and has one of the fine stock farms of the state. The Webb orchard is a remarkable demonstration of the class and qual- ity of fruit which Western North Carolina can and does grow. He was one of the originators and promoters of the association which drained and reclaimed 50.000 acres of land in Lake Matta- mustreet in Hyde County. In February, 1915, Mr. Webb bought the Asheville Gazette-News, changing its name to The Asheville Times, and is now the principal owner of this metropolitan and highly influential paper of Western North Car- olina. Mr. Webb served as grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias for North Carolina in 1896, and was twice elected supreme representative of that order to the supreme lodge. He is also a Mason and a member of the Eoval Arcanum. He is a member of the Asheville Country Club and the Asheville Club. On July 10, 1895, he married Miss Bell Bruce Banks, of Washington, D. C. Mrs. Webb died in 1913, leaving four children. Charles Bruce, the oldest, born June 8, 1896, is now serving as second lieutenant in the Three Hundred and Eighteenth Machine Gun Battalion. Robert Stan- ford, born February 18, 1901, is a student in the Asheville School ; Julia Banks is a student of Oak- hurst, Asheville; Mandeville Alexander, the young- est, born July 15, 1908, is also a student in the Asheville schools. Afterwards Mr. Webb married Mrs. Jessie Close Shaw, a native of Michigan, but who had resided in Asheville for some years. Eugene C. Ward is one of the younger mem- bers of the Asheville bar, member of the firm Smathers & Ward, and has connected himself with some of the substantial and influential interests of his home city. Mr. Ward was born in Haywood County, North Carolina, November 10, 1888, a son of Admiral Eugene and Mary C. (Long) Ward. His father was a farmer and Mr. Ward' grew up in the coun- try, attended the district schools, also the gram- mar school and high school of Waynesville, and from 1907 to 1911 was a student in the University of North Carolina. In 1913 he was again in University pursuing a special course. He read law privately and also at the University of North Carolina, and was graduated and admitted to practice on August 13, 1913. For three years while preparing for his profession he taught school. In January, 1914, he formed his present partnership with Mr. G. H. Smathers under the name Smathers & Ward, and their practice is largely land law and land title law. Mr. Ward is a member in good standing of the Buncombe County and North Carolina State Bar Association. He is a member of the High School Building Committee and is secretary and treasurer of the Asheville Club. George Junkin Ramsey has for years been one of the educational leaders in the South. His work has identified him with different states, but from 1912 until his resignation in the spring of 1916 he was president of Peace Institute at Raleigh, and thus became a figure in North Carolina educational affairs. How high a place he occupied as a school man and citizen of' Raleigh is well indicated in an editorial which appeared in the Raleigh News- Observer commenting upon his resignation as president of Peace Institute. It is fitting that some sentences from that editorial should be quoted in connection with this brief article on his career: "Some four years ago Dr. Ramsey accepted the presidency of Peace Institute, having held high positions in the educational world, and his ability being recognized by his colleagues in his election to important positions in educational organiza- tions. In Raleigh he has won a place not only as a distinguished educator, but as a man interested in the various activities which are factors for civic betterment. A man of virility, he has given freely of himself in work to advance the interests of Peace Institute and of this city. Under his ad- ministration Peace Institute has made marked prog- ress, the new life in it being shown by the move- ment now in progress to raise two hundred thou- HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA m sand dollars to give tlie institution greater op- portunity for service. "Raleigh joins with the officials of Peace In- stitute in its regret that Dr. Ramsey resigns the position of president of the institution. It recog- nizes that lie would not take the step he has did he not consider it one involving his vital interests, "iet it wishes that he could have seen things dif- ferently. He has rendered that service to Peace Institute which the board of trustees recognize have put it into excellent condition. He has made a place for himself in Raleigh, our people holding him in the highest regard, wishing for him the greatest success in whatever he may undertake, and doing this because they recognize that he deserves the very best." George Junkin Ramsey was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, June 28, 1857, a son of James B. and Sabra CTracy) Ramsey. His father was a Doctor of Divinity. Mr. Ramsey graduated A. M. from Hampden-Sidney College in 1878, and during the following year pursued post-graduate work in the University of Virginia. In 1898 he was honored with the degree LL. D. from the South- western Presbyterian University of Tennessee. He began his career in school work as professor of Latin in Ogden College in Kentucky, where he remained from 1880 to 1884. He was president of Silliman Institute in Louisiana from 1884 to 1899. From the latter year until 1902 he was editor in chief of the B. F. Johnson Publishing Company of Richmond, Virginia, and then became president of King College at Bristol, Tennessee. During 1904- 06 he was president of Sayre Institute in Kentucky, and in the latter year took the chair as professor of education in the Central University of Ken- tucky. He held that post until 1912, and during tlie last two years had been assisant to the presi- dent. Doctor Ramsey has exercised many opportunities for service and influence in the organized educa- tional bodies. He is a member of the National Educational Association, was president in 1897- 9S of the Southern Educational Association, is a member of the National Council of Education and of the Southern Educational Council, which he served ,-»s president in 1912. He is on the execu- tive committee of the Conference for Education in the South (the Ogden movement ) , and was execu- tive secretary of the Kentucky Educational Com- mission created by the Legislature to revise the school laws of that state. He is also a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and of the National Institute of Social Sciences. On July 1, 1884, Mr. Ramsey married Annie Stevens, a native of Georgia and representing an old family of that state. They are the parents of three children : Sumner Morrison, who is now editor of the News at Wichita Falls, Texas; Anna Sabra, at home; and George LeConte, a lieutenant in the regular army. Hon. John* Albert McRak. An able member of the North Carolina bar, Hon. John Albert Mc- Rae, of Charlotte, is also a leader of the state democracy, and a citizen who has impressed the force and straightforwardness of his character upon the legislation and institutions of his native commonwealth. As a member of the Upper House of the General Assembly his service has been of great practical value to his constituents and he has been noted as one of the most serviceable members of the State Senate, ready and logical in debate and yet alive to all the practical demands of his district and industrious in pushing forward all needful legislation. John Albert McRae was born at White Store, Anson County, North Carolina, December 29, 1875, his parents being Dr. John A. and Lavinia (Boggan) McRae, both of whom are now deceased. Both were born in Anson County, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and Doctor McRae was a physician dur- ing all the active period of his life. John A. Mc- Rae attended the public schools of his home com- munity and the Marshville High School, follow- ing which he enrolled as a student at the University of North Carolina, where he took both the academic and law courses and was licensed to practice law in 1903 by the Supreme Court of North Carolina at Raleigh. Prior to his studies at the uni- versity he had entered upon his public career, hav- ing been elected as representative in the Lower House of the State Legislature by his home county, Anson, and serving in the session of 1903. In that year he came to Charlotte and began the practice of his profession, in which he has risen to a leading place in a community that does not lack for skilled and learned legists. In 1907 he was elected city attorney of Charlotte, an office which he held for two years. In 1904 Mr. McRae was elected a member of the State Senate from the Twenty-fourth Sena- torial District, composed of the counties of Meck- lenburg and Cabarrus, and at once began to take an active part in the deliberations of this body in the session which began in January, 1915. He was chairman of the committee on elections, and a member of the judiciary, insurance and several other important committees. Perhaps the most notable feature of Senator McRae 's work in the session referred to was in connection with the law entitled "An Act Relating to the Incorpora- tion, Management and Supervision of Credit Unions and Co-Operative Associations," which he succeeded in having passed. This law provides for the organization and incorporation of rural credit unions, which may receive the savings of their members in payment for shares, or on deposit, and which may lend to their members money at the legal rate of interest; or may invest, as provided by the act, the funds so accumulated, and may undertake such other activities relating to the pur- pose of the corporations as their by-laws may au- thorize. The principle involved in the act is some what analogous to the building and loan idea, with special application to farmers and rural com- munities. Its object is to encourage saving and thrift among farmers, and to secure the results that spring from co-operation. The building and loan associations having proved so great a success in the cities and towns of the state, it was Sen- ator McRae 's desire to amend the Building and Loan Law so that it would be adaptable to the rural communities. Under the regulations of the regular building and loan associations, loans are only made on real estate, and for a period of something over six years. There are many farm- ers who own no real estate, but who are prompt in meeting their obligations when their crops are gathered and marketed. It suits them to meet their obligations annually instead of carrying them over a long period of years. The land and loan association act authored and passed by Senator McRae contains provisions for short-term loans and on personal endorsement or upon per- sonal property as security. In all other respects 172 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA it is the same as the regular building association, which has been tried and proven successful. Senator McRae is author also of a bill creating an Arbor Day in North Carolina, which was passed, and aided in the passage of the state primary law and a number of other acts. He secured the pas- sage of the law entitled ' ' An Act to Authorize the Board of Aldermen or other Governing Body of Towns and Cities to Issue, Upon Approval by Vote of the People, Bonds for Purchasing Sites, Erecting Building-s, Etc., for School Purposes." He also aided in the passage of the bill regulating the practice of architecture and creating a board of examiners of architects and providing for the registration of architects. In every way his serv- ice has been a most commendable one, alike bene- ficial to his county and state, helpful to his con- stituents and of the utmost credit to himself and his achievements. He is being spoken of as can- didate for the United States Congress. On January 22, 1916. Senator McRae was united in marriage with Miss Mattie T. Ham, of Wayne County, North Carolina. Of this union there have been born Maltha Ham and John Albert, Jr. Charles Mort Fleming. One of the best known figures in the tobacco industry of East Cen- tral North Carolina is Charles Mort Fleming, whose headquarters are Wilson, but whose activi- ties in this great industry have made his name known throughout a broad contiguous territory. Practically from the outset of his career Mr. Fleming has been identified in some capacity with the tobacco business, and as the years have passed lie has advanced to more and more prominent po- sitions until today he is recognized as a leading factor in the business and one of the best posted ment therein in this part of the state. He is at this time manager and buyer for the well known Imperial Tobacco Company, Limited. Mr. Fleming has passed nearly all his life in the community in which he now lives. He was born in Warren County, North Carolina, May 19, 1862, his parents being Charles Joseph and Winnie (Paschal) Fleming, well known farming people of that county, where the elder Fleming was a subtsantial agriculturist and the owner of a valuable property. While growing to young manhood Charles M. Fleming was given his edu- cational training in private schools in Warren County, and his career was started as a farmer, a vocation at which he was engaged until he was about twenty years of age. With rare foresight he recognized that a future lay before him in the tobacco business, and in 1882, at Oxford, North Carolina, lie began operations therein. As a buyer and seller he gained much experience at Oxford, and in 1890 changed his base of opera- tions to Wilson, where he purchased the first to- bacco placed for sale upon the organization of the market at this place. Since then his head- quarters have been here and he has steadily risen to a foremost place among the men who have developed the industry. From 1890 until 1902 Mr. Fleming centered his operations in leaf to- bacco, handling that commodity exclusively, but in the latter year accepted the position of man- ager and buyer for the large Imperial Tobacco Company (of Great Britain and Ireland), Limited, with which he has since been identified. The volume of the business which lie does as repre- sentative for the corporation which he represents is shown by the fact that during the fifteen years past he has bought on an average of 9,000,- 000 pounds annually for the concern, and in 1915 his purchases amounted to approximately 14,000,- 000 pounds. He has a wide acquaintance among the foremost men in the industry, and wherever known is accounted a reliable, practical man of business, and one of the best judges of values and crops connected with the industry. In ad- dition, Mr. Fleming is extensively interested in agricultural ventures, owning much valuable land and operating a number of cotton gins. He has invested much of his capital in city business prop- erty at Wilson, and has assisted in the develop- ment of the city in both an industrial and civic way. Mr. Fleming was married at Wilson, December 29, 1891, to Miss Mattie Crews, of Oxford, and they are the parents of six children: Allie W., who is the wife of Louis Williams, of Weldon, North Carolina ; Roscoe Briggs, who married Nan- nie Briggs, of Wilson ; and Charles Mort, Jr., Will Randolph, Lalla Rookh.and Alice Herring, at home. FranS; Kingsbury Thomson. Among the labors to which men devote their activities there are none which have a more important bearing upon the growth and development of any com- munity than those which have to do with architec- ture and building and their allied interests. The vocations which fashion and erect the homes of citizens and the large buildings in which important enterprises are housed are among the oldest known to civilization, and in their ranks have been found men who have risen to high places in the world. The community which may boast of able and energetic workers in these fields seldom wants for enterprise and civic zeal. They create a demand for their services, and while advancing their own interests they promote the community's growth. Without such men a city may not hope to prosper, for, lacking their initiative, skill and resource, other enterprises are affected and often fall into the rut of mediocrity that eventuates in failure. Among the leading representatives in building and architectural work in the constantly growing city of Raleigh, Frank Kingsbury Thomson holds a deservedly high place. He first came to this city nearly twenty years ago, but for a time was largely engaged in operations in the government service; since 1910, however, he has devoted him- self to the private practice of his profession, and since then some of Raleigh 's large structures have been erected under his supervision and according to his plans. Mr. Thomson was born in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, April 21, 1872, and is a son of James and Belle (Kingsbury) Thomson. He undountcdly inherits a great deal of his artistic ability, for for his father was a wood engraver and a master in an art that is practically lost. Mr. Thomson secured his early education in the public schools of his native city, following which he attended the University of Tennessee, and upon his gradua- tion from that institution further prepared him- self for his vocation by attending several schools of architecture and building. Coming- to Raleigh in 1898, he established himself in practice as an architect, and his work soon attracted wide-spread attention, so that lie was called to the Central AVest to superintend the erection of some large and important buildings. While thus engaged he was employed by the United State government in the building of a number of its structures, these fa&.fL MES. W. II. G. LUCAS HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 173 including army posts, barracks and other works, under the quartermaster 's department. Among these were Fort MeKiuley, at Portland, Maine; Fort Lovette, the artillery post at Portland; and Whipple Barracks at Prescott, Arizona. After spending four years in the government service, Mr. Thomson once more took up his residence at Raleigh, and here has devoted himself to archi- tectural designing and supervising the erection of various edifices. His life has been one of continu- ous activity in which he has been accorded due recognition of the value of his labor. He is a member and an ex-pvesideut of the North Caro- lina Architectural Association. A member of the Chamber of Commerce and of the business council of that body, no citizen has been more active iu the promotion of Raleigh 's progress and advance- ment, and none enjoys a higher standing both in business and social circles. In December, 1903, Mr. Thomson was married to Miss Jessie Allen, of Raleigh, daughter of William Allen, and to this union there have been born three children, namely : Allen, Grace and James. James McKimmon after graduating from the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1904, at once entered upon a business career at Raleigh, and for nine years was connected with the Raleigh Banking and Trust Company, part of the time as clerk and part of the time as chief bookkeeper. He left the bank to take up business of his own in the insurance and real estate fields. He is now head of the firm of McKimmon and McKee, a firm that has steadily built up a fine reputation and an extensive clientage as dealers and brokers in real estate and as representatives of all kinds of in- surance. He was born in Athens, Georgia, June 16, 1885, and when an infant was brought to Raleigh by his parents, James and Leila (Hull) McKimmon. His father was a druggist. Thus Mr. James McKim- mon was reared in Raleigh, and before entering college attended the public schools and Morson's private school. He is a member of the Capital and Country clubs and of the Sigma Nu fraternity. November 2. 1910, he married Willa Norris, daughter of the late M. T. Norris, of Raleigh. They have three children: Cornelia, James, Jr., and Henry Hull. Politically Mr. McKimmon is a democrat. William H. G. Lucas. M. D. Beloved and trusted at home and honored abroad, may be truth- fully written of Dr. William H. G. Lucas, formerly a member of the North Carolina State Senate, and for fifty years a faithful and successful physi- cian and surgeon of Bladen County, North Caro- lina. His busy, useful life has largely been de- voted to assisting others professionally and other- wise. To his energetic efforts on their behalf, his neighbors and fellow citizens at White Oak and in the entire Cape Fear section are indebted for their physical soundness very generally, and for many of the material modern comforts and con- veniences that play so large a part in bringing about neighborhood well-being and social content- ment. William H. G. Lucas was born September 19, 1S44, at White Hall, Bladen County, North Caro- line. His parents were John J. D. and Mary (Rothwell) Lucas, and his paternal grandfather was Henry Lucas, of Scotch ancestry, who lived and died at White Hall, which was the old family seat for nearly one hundred years. Prior to the period covered by the war between the states, North Carolina had numerous excellent private schools and one of the most notable was A. P. Gage 's school at Laurinburg in Scotland County. In that school Doctor Lucas came under the care of a teacher noted for his deep classical learning and scholarship, his ability to impart knowledge to his pupils, his tact and diplomacy and his faculty of arousing the best in every nature. This is the generous tribute that Doctor Lucas pays to his old instructor, in recognition of his inspiring influence during his formative years. When the war came on and military conditions so generally prevailed in this section, the schools suffered and with many things of the old life, some of the best institutions were closed and never re-opened. Mr. Lucas at the time of the war, on account of his youth and physical disability, was connected with the general local service. He managed to add to his literary knowledge and also, before the war closed, had done considerable preparatory reading in medicine, having decided upon a medical career. When prepared to enter seriously upon his medical education he was fortunate again in the selection of preceptors, Do'ctor Dixon, of Laurinburg, and Dr. Neill Gra- ham, of Bladen County, men of eminence in the profession and representing the highest standard of old-time ethics and professional abil- ity. After the war closed and normal conditions had been resumed Doctor Lucas went to Philadelphia, the old fountain-head of medical education in America, where he diligently applied himself and in 1870 was graduated from the Philadelphia Uni- versity of Medicine and Surgery. He returned then to his old home at White Hall and im- mediately entered into practice and is still active after the passage of forty-eight years. He is the dean of his profession in Bladen County, esteemed by every one and greatly beloved. He has ever maintained the old-time ethics of his profession but united with the old standards is the skill and scientific knowledge of the modern physician and surgeon who keeps his mind open to every advance made in his beloved science. His name is a dear and honored one in very many households in this section. Doctor Lucas was married to Miss Ann Eliza McKay, who died in 1915. She was a collateral descendant of General McKay of Revolutionary fame, a memher of one of the oldest and most historic families of Bladen County. To Doctor and Mrs. Lucas ten children were born and five survive, namely: Mrs. E. R, Hemly. who is a resident of Rincon, Georgia: W. G. Lucas, who is a hardware merchant at Dillon, South Carolina; Mrs. L. McKay Chaffin, whose home is at Burgaw, North Carolina : Homer, who resides with his father: and Louise, who is a popular teacher at Hamlet, North Carolina. Until 1905 the family home remained at White Hall, but in that year Doctor Lucas removed to his present home at White Oak. which is twelve miles up the Cape Fear River from Elizabethtown. His fine farm and beautiful country home are on the Wilmington and Fayetteville highway. Always enterprising and public spirited, he has been particularly so since coming to White Oak and mainly through his instrumentality good roads have been estab- lished with convenient ferries on the Cape Fear River, these public improvements insuring satis- factory transportation at all times. Through his 174 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA efforts also a telephone system has been introduced that connects this locality with the whole outside world. Doctor Lucas has always taken a great deal of interest in the great matter of education and has long been a leader in fostering movements along this line in Bladen County. At the present time he is a member of the county board of edu- cation, in his second period, having previously served from 1903 to 1905 and was a second time elected in 1912. For two years Doctor Lucas served as county treasurer and it was during that time that his friends elected him a member of the State Senate and he served at Ealeigh with the same efficiency and sense of responsibility that has ever marked Ms professional career. By broaden- ing his interests Doctor Lucas has found one way to keep young in spirit and few men can be found better able in every way to meet the great emer- gencies as well as the everyday problems of life in his community. He is demonstrating his pa- triotic spirit as well as his professional efficiency by serving at the present time as a member of the Blade County Exemption Board and its examining surgeon. Eichard Stanford Travis is a North Caro- lina man who has made his way in the world from boyhood and has steadily climbed to a position of prominence and of definite achieve- ment in business nad financial circles. He is one of the prominent bankers of Halifax County. He was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, September 23, 1872, son of Edward Warren and Mollie (Clark) Travis. His father was a fanner. When Richard Stanford Travis was fifteen years of age the family came to North Carolina. He was educated only in public schools, and as a boy found work and opportunity as clerk in a gen- eral merchandise store. Eor one year he served as deputy register of deeds of Granville County at Oxford, and in order to be still better equipped for a business career he took a course at a busi- ness college. In 1892 Mr. Travis came to Wel- don, was teller and later cashier of the Bank of Weldon, and since 1913 has been president 'of the Weldon Bank and Trust Company. He is also secretary of the Shaw Cotton Mills and head of R. S. Travis & Company, general insurance. Mr. Travis is a member of St. Mark's Episcopal Church at Weldon. August 4, 1907, he married Miss Mabel Zolli- coffer, of Weldon. They have five children : Au- gustus Zollicoffer, Richard Stanford, Jr., William Allison, Mary Ellen and Elizabeth Clark. Eugene Marvin Rollins, though educated for the law has given his chief time and attention so far to educational affairs, and has done a highly appreciative and valuable work as superintendent of public education in Vance County. Mr. Rollins was born at Holly Springs, Wake County, North Carolina, June 26, 1880, son of a substantial business man of that locality, Thomas B. Rollins and Janet (Coffield) Rollins. He was educated in Jonesboro, in the Trinity High School in Randolph County, and is an alumnus of the University of North Carolina. In the meantime he had taught school about five years and in the intervals of this occupation he completed his course in the law department of the University of North Carolina. Mr. Rollins was admitted to the North Carolina bar in August, 1904, and for three years practiced at Raleigh. On July 15, 1912, he was elected superintendent of education' for Vance County and to the duties and responsi- bilities of that office he has devoted himself untiringly for the past five years. While living in Wake County lie was member of the County Board of Education. He is a member of the North Carolina. Teachers Assembly and is secre- tary and one of the organizers of the Golden. Belt Pair Association. He is a steward and super- intendent of the Sunday School of the First Methodist Episcopal Church South, at Henderson.. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and is also active in the local Chamber- of Commerce. In 1901 Mr. Bollins married Alice Dick of Whitsett, North Carolina. They are the parents- of three children: Eugene Marvin, Jr., Vance- Benton and Charles Dick. J. Franklin McCtjbbins. A man of sterling worth and integrity, J. Franklin McCubbins, of Salisbury, clerk of the Rowan County courts, has gained a high standing in the community as a citizen, the esteem of a wide circle of friends, and the respect of men of all classes with whom he has come in contact. A son of James Samuel McCub- bins, he was born in Salisbury, April 26, 1863, of Scotch ancestry. His grandfather, Edward Mc- Cubbins, was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Randolph County, this state, in his active career, but spent the later years of his life in Salisbury. James Samuel McCubbins was born on a planta- tion in Randolph County, North Carolina, Novem- ber 22, 1822. Leaving the farm when young, he- was for a few years engaged in mercantile busi- ness in Statesville, having been in partnership with Samuel R. Bell. From there he came to Salis- bury, and here in partnership with William Murphy, he carried on a good business as a general merchant until 1886. Prior to that time he had purchased a farm, and an interest in a roller mill, and after his retirment from mercantile pursuits he superin- tended both the mill and the farm, continuing a resident of Salisbury until his death, June 13, 1899. The maiden name of the wife of James Samuel McCubbins was Margaret Theresa Bell. She was born June 29, 1840, in Statesville, North Carolina, a daughter of Samuel Rutherford Bell, and grand- daughter of James Odell Beall. Her great-grand- father, David Beall, whose birthplace is unknown, was a pioneer of what is now Iredell County. Hav- ing acquired large tracts of land, he established his home on Fifth Creek, and there spent his last days, his body being buried in Bethany Church- yard. He was well educated, a man of literary tastes, and quite gifted as a poet. A native, it is supposed, of what is now Iredell County, James Odell Beall was there a life-long resident and a successful agriculturist, operating his plantation with slave labor. The maiden name of his wife was Jean Galloway. Born on the home plantation in that part of Rowan County now included within the limits of Iredell County, Samuel Rutherford Bell, who dropped the letter "a" from the original spelling of his surname, acquired a good education, and in early manhood taught school, while later _ he served as county examiner. Subsequently locating in Statesville, lie established a general store, and was there engaged in mercantile business until his death, July 19, 1866. His wife, whose maiden name was Theresa Phoebe McPherson, was born January 4, 1809, in Iredell County, a daughter of Matthew McPherson. Her grandfather, Robert HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 175 McPherson, removed to what is now Iredell County from Rowan County, he and his brothers having lived in the vicinity of China. Grove. He purchased Baker 's Mill, which was situated near the present site of Mooresville, and at his death bequeathed it to his three sons, Matthew, John and Robert. Matthew McPherson, father of Theresa Phoebe McPherson and great-grandfather on the maternal side of the subject of this sketch, served, as shown by records preserved in the war department at Washington, District of Columbia, in several enlist- ments during the Revolutionary war, having served six weeks in 1775; five weeks in 1776; three weeks in 1779; three months and three weeks in 1780; and one month and two weeks in 1781. For a number of years prior to his death, which occurred August 5, 1843, he received a pension. He married, September 28, 1797, Elizabeth Briggs Wilson, who, it is said, was born on board the ship ' ' Elizabeth Briggs ' ' while her parents were en route to Amer- ica. The captain of the vessel gave the parents twenty guineas for the privilege of naming the child. She survived her husband, dying August 25, 1856, in the eighty-sixth year of her age. Mrs. Theresa Phoebe (McPherson; Bell died at her home in Statesville May 13, 1863. Obtaining his rudimentary education in States- ville, J. Franklin McCubbins afterwards continued his studies in Mocksville and at the Finley High School in Lenoir, after which he spent three years at Davidson College. The following two years he was employed in the office of the clerk of courts and register of deeds, and after that was engaged in mercantile business with his father. In 1898 Mr. McCubbins was elected county commissioner, and served for four years as chairman of the board. In 1902 he was elected clerk of the court of Rowan County, and has been continued in the office by re-election until the present time, his long record of service bespeaking his efficiency and trustworthiness. Mr. McCubbins is identified with several prominent organizations of the city, being president of the Citizens Building and Loan As- sociation; vice president of the Morris Plan Com- pany : and a director in the Peoples National Bank. Mr. McCubbins married, June 27, 1893, Mary Louise Gaskill. She was born in Farmington Township, Davie County, North Carolina, a daugh- ter of John D. and Annie Eliza (Lunn) Gaskill, granddaughter of Guilford Gaskill, great-grand- daughter of David Gaskill, and great-great-grand- daughter of Jacob Gaskill. The Gaskills were pioneers of Carteret County, where several genera- tions were life-long residents. Guilford Gaskill was a seafaring man, during his active life having been in the coastwise service. He married Eliza- beth Davis, a daughter of John S. and Rosamond i Harker) Davis. John D. Gaskill spent the latter part of his life in Salisbury, where he was for many years engaged in the manufacture of tobacco. His wife, mother of Mrs. McCubbin, was born in Davie County, a daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Louisa (Jones) Lunn, and granddaughter of William and Esther (Lindsay) Lunn. She survived her husband and is now making her home with Mr. and Mrs. McCubbins. Mr. and Mrs. McCub- bins have one child, Theresa, wife of Forrest J. Allen, of Baltimore, Maryland. Prominent in fraternal circles, Mr. McCubbins is a member of Fulton Lodge No. 99, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons; of Salisbury Chap- ter No. 20, Royal Arch Masons ; of Adoniram Coun- cil No. 2, Royal and Select Masters; of Salisbury Commandery No. 13, Knights Templar; of Oasis Temple at Charlotte; of Salisbury Lodge No. 24, Knights of Pythias; and of Salisbury Lodge No. 699, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. David Nicholas Chadwick, Jr., is prominently identified with Wilmington business affairs, and has been especially a factor of enterprise and de- velopment in real estate lines. Mi. Chadwick is secretary and treasurer of the Wilmington Beach Corporation, secretary and treasurer of the Fidelity Trust and Development Company and is officially connected with several other local organi- zations. Mr. Chadwick was born at Wilmington Novem- ber 19, 1883, a son of David N. and Lina (Rob- inson) Chadwick. His father was a substantial farmer. The son acquired his early education in the public and private schools, the University of North Carolina, and a business college. His preliminary business experience was as a clerk in the Murchison National Bank and as bookkeeper in one of Wilmington 's wholesale houses. Since 1909 he has given all his time to real estate, and besides the two companies above named he is vice president of the San Souci Abattoir Company, secretary and treasurer of the Wilmington Dock and Storage Company, chairman of the Board of Elections of New Hanover County, secretary and treasurer of the Taylor Fisheries, Wilmington, North Carolina, secretary and treasurer of the Seminole Fertilizer and Oil Corporation, Jacksonville, Florida. The Wilmington Beach Corporation was organ- ized in 1913 with a capital stock of $50,000 and in the following year the capital was increased to $100,000. This corporation has acquired a mag- nificent track of 426 acres located thirteen and a half miles from Wilmington comprising the ex- treme point of Cape Fear and between Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean. As an ocean resort it promises a magnificent future, and has unrivaled facilities of ocean beach, convenience to trans- portation and is close by historic old Fort Fisher. For development purposes the tract has been divided into 1,500 lots, each 50 by 100 feet. The executive officers of this company are C. C. Chad- bourn, president; L. W. Davis", vice president; D. N. Chadwick, Jr., secretary and treasurer; and W. E. Price, general manager. The Fidelity Trust and Development Company was organized in 1912 and has also undertaken an ambitious development project, having acquired 442 acres a mile and a half from Wilmington, where it has laid out and begun the development of Sunset Park. This land is divided into 1,600 lots, extending for a distance of a mile and a half along beautiful Cape Fear River, and the capital of the trust company is $100,000. Mr. Chadwick has always been active in demo- cratic party affairs and in community advance- ment. In 1913-15 he served as councilman in charge of the finances of the City of Wilmington. He is a former secretary of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks at the City of Wil- mington. Mr. Chadwick married December 4, 1912, Ethel H. Hopkins of Wilmington. They have two chil- dren, Jean Robinson and David Nicholas III. John Richard Dildy. Few citizens are bet- ter known in Wilson County than John R. Dildy, register of deeds for Wilson County and a prom- inent business man at Wilson. He has had ex- perience along several lines and his activities 176 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA have resulted in his securing and preserving the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens. John Dildy was born in Pitt County, North Carolina, September 10, 1871. His parents are Louis S. and Mary (Gay) Dildy. His father fol- lows a profitable trade and the family is very well known in this section. Mr. Dildy attended the public schools in Wilson County, being two years old when his parents moved to Wilson. At the age of seventeen he began to teach school and continued in that line for four years, meet- ing with enough success to have encouraged him to adopt teaching as a profession. Circumstances, however, led in another direction and he ac- cepted a position as traveling salesman for a crockery and glassware store and was on the road for five years. For the two years follow- ing he was a bookkeeper in a commercial house and then was appointed deputy sheriff and served with entire efficiency for six years. In 1908 Mr. Dildy was elected register of deeds for Wilson County and no change has been even suggested since. Mr. Dildy was married June 25, 1910, to Miss Edwina Barnes, who is a daughter of W. T. and Tiney (Blount) Barnes, well kown residents of Wilson. Mrs. Dildy is a lady of taste and re- finement and they maintain a hospitable home. One of the leading business enterprises of Wil- son is the Dildy & Agnew Company, incorpo- rated, dealers in hardware, agricultural imple- ments and building material. Mr. Dildy is presi- dent of this company and stands very high as an honorable and capable business man. In politics Mr. Dildy is a democrat and has always been loyal to his friends and to party candidates and has often taken part in close political councils. He is a valued member of the Commonwealth Club, and fraternally is an Odd Fellow, belongs to the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Elks, and is ex- past exalted ruler of the last named organiza- tion. Hon. James Crawford Biggs. Of the members of the North Carolina bar who have been in active practice during the last twenty years few have received higher honors in their profession and in public life than James Crawford Biggs of Kaleigh. One special distinction such as any lawyer might covet was his election at the 1914 annual meeting of the North Carolina Bar Asso- ciation as president. He was unanimously chosen to that office and served one year. Equally notable have been his services on the bench and as a professor of law. In the summer of 1906, when he was only thirty-three years of age, he was nominated for judge of the Superior Court for the Ninth Judicial District. His nom- ination came on the first ballot. His opponents were two of the prominent lawyers of the district, Hon. Thomas J. Shaw, the incumbent judge, and S. M. Gattis, a former speaker of the Housn of Representatives. Judge Biggs was elected for a term of eight years and remained on the bench until the fall of 1911, for nearly five years. He then resigned in order to be at home with his family, and resumed active practice at Durham. Judge Biggs was born August 29, 1872, at Oxford, North Carolina. He comes of a dis- tinguished family. His grandfather, Hon. Asa Biggs, was elected United States senator from North Carolina in 1854, but resigned that office in 1858 to become United States District Judge for North Carolina. His father was Capt. William Biggs, the fearless and accomplished editor of the Tarboro Southerner and the Oxford Free Lance, during the period of Reconstruction. The mother of Judge Biggs was Elizabeth Arring- ton Cooper, whose father, J. Crawford Cooper, was head of the banking bouse of J. C. Cooper ic Sons of Oxford. The traditions of his family and his early train- ing opened a large career for Judge Biggs. He was educated at Horner School and at the Univer- sity of North Carolina, where he graduated at the head Ox his class and with the honor summa cum laude. At graduation he won the Willie P. Mangum medal for oratory. He excelled iri athletics, as he did in his studies. He was a mem- ber of the noted football team of 1892, and was chief marshal, editor-in-chief of the College Annual, editor of the Tar Heel and president of his class at graduation. After one year of teaching school in Virginia he re-entered the University of North Carolina and studied law under the late Dr. John Manning. In September, 1894, being licensed to practice, he located at Oxford. During the greater part of his four years ' residence there he was associated with B. W. Winston and F. L. Fuller of Durham, under the firm name Winston, Fuller & Biggs. He was twice elected mayor of Oxford. In the fall of 1898 Judge Biggs was made associate professor of law in the University of North Carolina. In the course of the year the beloved Doctor Manning, dean of the law school, died and Judge Biggs was put in charge of the department. However, in the fall of 1899 he resigned his chair in the University Law School and located in Durham, forming a partnership with It. B. Boone and V. S. Bryant. When this partnership was dissolved several years later he practiced alone, and subsequently formed a copartnership with R. P. Beade under the name Biggs & Reade. This continued until Judge Biggs went on the bench. After retiring from the bench and taking up his residence at Durham, Judge Biggs became a member of the law faculty of Trinity Law School. The death of Governor Ayeock in the spring of 1912 dissolved the old firm Ayeock & Winston, of Raleigh, and Judge Biggs then became the partner of Judge R. W. Winston and moved to Raleigh in July, 1912.- This partnership continued until the summer of 1917, when Judge Biggs was appointed by the Attorney-General of the United States as special assistant to the attorney-general in charge for the government of its litigation in the state of California, known as the billion dollar oil cases against the Southern Pacific Railroad Company and other defendants. The selection of Judge Biggs to conduct these cases was a signal distinction and a merited recog- nition of his learning and ability and of his stand- ing at the American Bar, as the amount involved was about five hundred million dollars, said to be the largest and most important case ever tried in this country. Judge Briggs took up his resi- dence in San Francisco September 1, 1917 and the Cases, having been consolidated were tried there in April, 1918. In May, 1918, Judge Briggs returned to Raleigh, North Carolina, and resumed the practice of law there. Judge Biggs deserves the credit for the organiza- tion of the North Carolina Bar Association, which /LuzJtsL HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 177 is one of the most successful organizations in the country. It was while teaching law in the State University that he prepared the call and secured the signers which resulted in the organization of the association. This meeting of organization was held in the Supreme Court room in Ealeigh February 10, 1S99. Judge Biggs was elected the first secretary and treasurer of the association and held those positions until he was nominated for judge. He was Supreme Court reporter in 1905-06 and represented Durham County in the Legislature at the session of 1905. He has always taken an active interest in politics, having served as chair- man of the Democratic Executive Committee of Granville County and as chairman of the Demo- cratic Executive Committee of Durham County both before and after his service on the bench. Judge Biggs married in February, 1906, Miss Marjie Jordan, of Durham. They are the parents of one daughter. Richard Wills Norman. Devoting his earnest efforts to the direction of his business interests, Richard W. Norman, of Salisbury, holds high rank in mercantile circles, as secretary, treasurer and manager of The R. W. Norman Company, giving close attention to all the details connected with its supervision, his quick insight and practical sagacity having placed, the firm on a substantial foundation, rendering it one of the successful busi- ness organizations of the county. A native of North Carolina, he was born August 3, 1883, in Skinnersville Township, Washington County, on the same plantation that the birth of his father, Thomas J. Norman, occurred July 30, 1838. His grandfather, Joseph S. Norman, was a pros- perous farmer of Washington County, where, as far as known, he spent his entire life. His wife, whose maiden name was Eliza M. C. Swift, was born in Washington County, North Carolina, April 24. 1814, and died on the home plantation Decem- ber 2:i. 1845. Her father, Rev. Swain Swift, was bran December 15, 1782, and died October 8, 1831. He married Eliza Lucy Chesson, who was born September 15, 1791, and died Hay 16, 1815. Brought up on a farm. Thomas J. Norman be- came familiar with agriculture in all of its branches when young. At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Confederate service and had com- mand of a company in Colonel Martin's regiment. Having succeeded to the ownership of the parental estate, he resumed farming after his return from the war and was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Washington County until his death, January 31. 18S5. He married Mary E. Brown, who was born in Martin Countv, North Carolina. September 21. 1843. a daughter of William R. and Ellen Brown. She survived him many years, passing away April 4. 1904. To her and her husband six children were born and reared, namely: Annie Belle, born April 21, 1864; Joseph Stockton, born April 9. 1869; Ellen Marion, born February 22, 1872: Thomas S. : George Brown, born August 16, 1881 ; and Richard Wills. Acquiring his preliminary education in the dis- trict schools of his native township. Richard W. Norman afterward continued his studies for a time at the Oak Ridge Institute, in the meantime assist- ing in the work incidental to life on a farm. At the age of eighteen years, agriculture having no charms for him, lie entered the employ of the Standard Oil Company at Wilmington, this state, and continued with the firm until 1906. The ensu- voi. v—:: ing three years Mr. Norman was traveling sales- man for the Tomlinson Chair Company, having a good territory to cover and being quite successful. Resigning the position in 1909, Mr. Norman located in Salisbury, and having organized The R. W. Norman Furniture Company, of which he is secre- tary, treasurer and manager, has since carried on an extensive and lucrative business. Mr. Norman married Miss Patrick Henry Mor- gan, who was born in Currituck County, North Carolina, a daughter of Patrick Henry and Bettie (Ferreber) Morgan, and was given her father's name. Mr. and Mrs. Norman are conscientious Christians and valued members of the Baptist Church. Fraternally Mr. Norman is a member of Andrew Jackson Lodge of the Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. Daniel Harriss Pexton. The large and varied interests which have engrossed the time and tal- ents of Daniel Harriss Penton have broughthim to the forefront among the. progressive business men of Wilmington, which city has been his home since 1S75. Here he received his education, here he was initiated into the mysteries of business life, and here have his best efforts been expended and his great success gained. His extensive con- nections have necessarily made him an extremely busy man, yet he has never found himself too actively employed in his own affairs to neglect the interests of the city. Mr. Penton was born at Bridgeton, the county seat of Cumberland County, New Jersey, March 30, 1868, being a son of Abner Comley and Emily Fithian (Harriss) Penton. His father was for many years a mariner, trading at various points in the West Indies, but did not desire his son to • enter the same business. In 1875 the family took up its residence at Wilmington, and here Daniel H. Penton secured his education at private schools. He began his business career in the establishment of a commission merchant, distiller and dealer in naval stores and turpentine. He remained with this concern for five years, and April 20, 1888, when just past twenty years of age, became identi- fied with the J. A. Springer Coal Company ,_ where his energy, ability and fidelity won him rapid pro- motion, until 1895 he was admitted to partner- ship. When the business was incorporated he was made vice president and secretary of the new or- ganization, positions which he still retains. Mr. Penton is interested in various other prominent business establishments of Wilmington, being vice president of the Independent Ice Company, vice president of the Thomas F. Wood Company, vice president of the City and Suburban Building and Loan Association, and a director of the Wilming- ton Savings and Trust Bank. A man of acknowl- edged integrity, his standing is an asset in every enterprise with which his name is associated, and throws about his actions a glow of sincerity that gives his promise or word the value of a bond. He is a member of the board of managers of trie James Walker Memorial Hospital, and belongs to the board of directors of the Young Men 's Christian Association, of which he was formerly president. His religious connection is with the First Baptist Church, in the work of which he has taken an active part, being a deacon in the church and president of the Business Men 's Bible Class in the Sunday School. Mr. Penton has numerous friends in the social circles of Wilming- ton and is a popular member of the Carolina Yacht Club. 178 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Ou September 27, 1898, Mr. Penton was married to Miss Hester Allen, of near Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, and of their children three are now living: Lidie Winstead; Howard Allen, who was born October 10, 1901; and Daniel Harriss, Jr., who was born February 25, 1903. Mrs. Pen- ton died May 16, 1911, and Mr. Penton was mar- ried January 16, 1913, to Mrs. Mary Brewer (nee Gore), of Wilson County, North Carolina. Robert Luther Huffines. One of the nat- ural cravings of the average man is satisfied when he reaches that point in life when he can say ' ' this is my home ' ' whether large or small, spacious and modern or primitive and possibly little more than a shelter, the fact of possession is the same. With many preferably perhaps it includes a wide enough area for cultivation of the soil or surroundings that will make for priv- acy, but inevitably the having of one 's own home brings a measure of happiness that others may well envy. In these days of increasing popula- tion and limited opportunity it is not so easy for the ordinary individual to find this home without assistance, for now there is much more to the proceeding than in days gone by when our forefathers chose at will and settled on hill or in vale, on prairie or in forest as inclination or vocation led. There were then no law-tied gates like those now confronting the homeseeker, only a benevolent Government to be satisfied. Hence have arisen men and agencies for the purpose of assisting this laudable home securing desire, and in every reputable community may be found in- dividuals and firms who have made an exhaustive study of this business and thereby not only ben- "efit themselves but those who deal with them and accept their help. Perhaps no man in Eastern North Carolina is better known in this connec- tion or is more thoroughly trusted than is Eobert Luther Huffines, who not only is at the head of local homestead and loan associations of much repute, but is known much farther afield in this line and in others. It is estimated that no man in Edgecombe has handled a larger acreage of land than has Mr. Huffines within the past two decades. Robert Luther Huffines was born in Rocking- ham County, North Carolina, January 28, 1873. His parents were Lewis Craven and Sarah Ann (Hopkins) Huffines. His father was a farmer and also a merchant, and after the youth had completed his education in the Oak Eidge In- stitute he spent two years on his father's farm. An agricultural life with its somewhat restricted outlook did not appeal to him as a permanent vocation and in 1893 he came to Rocky Mount to enter into business and until 1900 he covered the country as a traveling salesman. In the meanwhile, with the business alertness which has assisted in making him affluent and successful in his various undertakings, lie realized the op- portune field that rested in handling real estate, and when he was prepared to embark for himself it was under the style of E. L. Huffines, real es- tate and insurance, the latter being a line that is easily and usually combined with the former. Mr. Huffinnes conducted his affairs with such marked success that in January, 1906, he incor- porated his business as the Eocky Mount Insur- ance & Realty Company, of which he is vice presi- dent and general manager. Mr. Huffines is financially and officially con- nected with many other business organizations and corporations. He is secretary and treasurer of the Rocky Mount Homestead & Loan Association; is president of the Bunn Banking Company, at Bunn, Franklin County, North Carolina; presi- dent of the Old North State Development Com- pany; secretary and treasurer of the Rock Fish Cotton Mills Company, af Hope Mills, North Car- olina; secretary and treasurer of the Eureka Farm Company that is handling 4,500 acres; secretary and treasurer of the Tar River Development Com- pany, 1,500 acres; and additionally is a director in the National Bank of Rocky Mount, and a director in the Rocky Mount Savings & Trust Bank. Mr. Huffines was married November 9, 1898, to Miss Carrie Whitehead, who is a daughter of Dr. W. H. Whitehead, of Rocky Mount, and they have the following children: Carrie Louise, Rob- ert Luther, Sarah Elizabeth, Josephine White- head, Carolyn, Alta and Lewis Craden. The fam- ily has always been prominent in a social way. On account of his business interests being so many and important Mr. Huffines has not taken as active a part in politics as he otherwise might have done, but has occasionally accepted local office and formerly was a city commissioner. He has been notably public spirited and enterprising in relation to everything that has concerned Rocky Mount and has done more, perhaps, to bring capi- tal to the city and found sound enterprises than any other individual. He gives a hearty support to all uplifting movements, including those of church and sehool, and is generous at all times in contributing to charities. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. In the fall of 1916, Mr. Huffines moved out to his farm of 173 acres 2% miles northwest of Rocky Mount on the Rocky Mount Road, where he raises cotton, to- bacco, corn and Hampshire hogs. Arthur Winn Baldwin. In his office of regis- ter of deeds of Columbus County at Whiteville Arthur Winn Baldwin has met every test of service satisfactorily, and enjoys such popularity as a citizen and public official that he has been repeat- edly returned to the public position he now holds. He was appointed to the office to fill a vacancy on September 4, 1911, and in 1912 was elected for the regular term of two years, and has been re- elected in 1914 and in 1916. Prior to his appoint- ment as chief in the office he was clerk to the register of deeds three years. Mr. Baldwin is a member of an old and prom- inent family of Columbus County. He was born in Whiteville January 30, 1885, a son of Joseph A. and Sarah (Smith) Baldwin. His father for many years has been engaged in business as a turpentine operator, and grandfather Baldwin made a notable record in public affairs, spending consecutively forty-seven years as clerk of courts of Columbus County. Arthur W. Baldwin was educated in the public schools and on leaving school worked two years as clerk in a general store, then for three years was salesman of a lumbering manufacturing con- cern, was a farmer on his own account one year, after which he entered upon his duties as clerk in the office of register of deeds at Whiteville. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Woodmen of the World, and is an active member of the Metho- dist Episcopal church. Hugh Armfif.lt> Cranor, present mayor of Wilkesboro and an accomplished member of the jhlL£Ay<£> HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 179 local bar, is the second member of his family to practice law in this part of North Carolina, and was associated with his honored father in that pro- fession until the latter 's death. The Cranor family has a long and honorable record in Western North Carolina. The great- grandfather was Moses Cranor. His grandfather, Emanuel Cranor, was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, and from there moved to Rock- ford, then the county seat of Surry County. There were no railroads in Western North Carolina in those days and all traffie and transportation was by teams and wagons. Emanuel Cranor kept a public house at Eoekford, whieh in those days was a place of considerable importance. This house was also used as a stage station on one of the highways which carried an incessant traffic. In 1855 Eman- uel Cranor removed to Wilkesboro and again set up as a tavern keeper and followed that voca- tion in Wilkesboro several years and died in that city. The maiden name of his wife was Sue Swan, who was born at Waughtown, now a suburb of Winston-Salem. Hon. John S. Cranor, father of Hugh A., was born at Rockford, Surry County, North Carolina, April 26, 1847. After his parents removed to Wilkesboro he attended public school there, also the high school at Lenoir, and a preparatory school nt Hillsboro. He studied law under Judge Arm- tield and on being admitted to practice opened an office at Wilkesboro, where he was an honored and prominent member of the bar and an influential i-itizen until his death on November 10, 1908. During his early youth he had enlisted in 1864 in Company B, a company intended to be attached to the First North Carolina Battalion. He and his comrades were captured at Camp Vance, were taken to Chicago and were kept prisoners of war for thirteen months. John S. Cranor had a strong hold on the confidence of his fellow citizens. In 1893 he was elected to the State Senate. He was chosen on the democratic ticket by a substantial majority, though the county is usually republican by a good margin. In 1894 he was appointed T'nited States commissioner and served throughout Mr. Cleveland's second administration. John S. Cranor married Sarah Taylor, who was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, daughter of James and Mrs. (Babeock) Taylor. She died in Mav, 1902. Her nine children were Catherine, Hugh A., Edith, William T., Bessie, Fannie, John S., Jr., Frank T. and Charles M. Hugh Armfield Cranor was born in Wilkesboro November 20, 1875. He attended the local publie schools, took the literary course in the University of North Carolina, and in February, 1902, was admitted to practice law. For the next six years he was actively associated with his father and has since carried on a large practice alone. Mr. Cranor was married June 26, 1907, to Jennie Hackett, a daughter of Frank D. and Alice Hackett. They have two sons, Hugh Armfield, Jr., and Robert H. Their only daughter, Sarah Alice, died in her second year. Mr. and Mrs. Cranor are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His first presidential vote was cast for William J. Bryan and he has always been keenly interested in the welfare of his party and good government for county and state. He has been a delegate to various state, district and county conventions of his party and is now secretary of the Wilkes County Executive Committee. He made the race for representative to the Legislature twice from Wilkes County. The confidence reposed in his judgment and ability is well illustrated by the fact that he is now in his eleventh consecutive year as mayor of Wilkesboro. Mr. Cranor is affiliated with Liberty Lodge No. 45, Free and Accepted Masons, at Wilkesboro, which he has served as master. He also belongs to North Wilkesboro Council, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and the Knights of Pythias at North Wilkesboro. Augustus E. Floyd has been prominent since the very beginning of the Town of Fairmont in Robeson County in connection with its varied busi- ness and civic interests and welfare. Mr. Floyd is one of the oldest living native sons of Robeson County and has crowded a great variety and range of experience and usefulness into the three quar- ters of a century of his life. He was a soldier in the Confederate Army throughout the war, and his business occupation for the most part has been farming. He was born about five miles south of his pres- ent home at Fairmont, in what is now Fairmont Township of Robeson County, on the 8th of March, 1842, son of Francis and Christine (Williams') Floyd. He is of Irish ancestry, the family first locating in Virginia and from there moving to South Carolina. Francis Floyd was born in Horry County, South Carolina, across the state line and not far from the present Floyd home in Robeson County, North Carolina. Francis Floyd accom- panied his father to North Carolina and settled at the old homestead in Fairmont Township about 1820. The Floyds are a large and prominent family in this section of Robeson County. Sev- eral of them have been leaders in agricultural and commercial life and have been especially inter- ested in the upbuilding of the splendid little City of Fairmont and the surrounding territory of rich land. One of the nephews of Augustus E. Floyd is Mr. A. J. Floyd, a wealthy merchant and planter and member of the Board of County Com- missioners of Robeson County. A son of Mr. Floyd, Marcus W. Floyd, is register of deeds for Robeson County and for a number of years has been prominent at Lumberton. He was elected register of deeds in 1914, re-elected in 1916, and his admin- istration has been characterized as one of the most efficient and popular the county has ever had. Augustus E. Floyd grew up on a farm, and was nineteen years of age when at the outbreak of the war he volunteered in the Confederate service, joining Company D in what was first the Eighth North Carolina Regiment, but later was changed to the Eighteenth Regiment. With this organiza- tion he saw very strenuous work and service until the close of the war. His enlistment was at Camp Wyatt near Wilmington, where he remained until September, 1861. The command was then sent to the Coosa Hachie River near Savannah, and from there to Newbern. North Carolina. In May, 1862, the Eighteenth Regiment, as part of General Branch 's Brigade, went into Virginia and became part of Gen. A. P. Hill 's Division, Gen. Stone- wall Jackson 's Corps, Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia. Among numerous other battles Mr. Floyd participated at Hanover Courthouse, the seven battles around Richmond, second Manassas, the operations in Maryland, Harpers' Ferry, Char- lottesburg, and Gettysburg. At Gettysburg he was wounded, but was out of the hospital and had rejoined the ranks after seven or eight weeks. He was in those terrific conflicts of Fred- ericksburg, Rpottsylvania Courthouse and Chan- eellorsville. At Chancellorsville his regiment was ISO HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA in the brigade of five regiments commanded by Gen. James H. Lane, who had succeeded General Branch, slain at Sharpsburg. Late in 1864 Mr. Floyd was at Petersburg, later was on duty in the trenches and lines around Richmond, and partici- pated in that final scene of the war at Appomattox. Mr. Floyd was still a young man when he came out of the army. There was a very narrow choice of occupations and pursuits open to the returned soldiers in the midst of the devastation which they found after the war. Mr. Floyd taught school for some years in the vicinity of Fairmont, but on the whole his steadiest and most remunerative occu- pation has been farming. He still owns a good farm two and a half miles south of Fairmont. He moved to that town soon after it was started in 1898 and has been one of the active and progressive citizens in the upbuilding of this wealthy and enterprising little city. Mr. Floyd now holds the offiees of justice of the peace and district recorder for the county district of which Fairmont Town- ship is a part. He has been a magistrate or jus- tice of the peace since 188S. He is a democrat in politics, and practically all his life has been a member of the First Baptist Church of Fairmont. This church was originally organized in 1794, and under the name of Ash Pole Church is one of the oldest and most historic of that denomination in North Carolina. Mr. Floyd married Miss Adelia M. Pittman, member of a well known pioneer family of this part of the state. She died in 1913, the mother of eight children, named Francis A., Marcus W., Patrick R., Dudley Y., Christine, Fulton O., Giles E. and Dinabel. Thomas Lincoln Green. "With more than twenty years of legal experience, Thomas Lin- coln Green is one of the older members of the Waynesville bar, in private practice has always enjoyed a large clientage, and is especially popu- lar for the services rendered his community in official position and his constant public spirit in all matters of local welfare. Mr. Green was born in Haywood County, North Carolina, December 31, 1867,' son of Thaddeus M. and Louisa (Shook) Green. His father made a record of four years of continuous service in the Confederate army in the Twenty-first North Caro- lina Infantry. Aside from that army service he was a farmer. Thomas L. Green was educated in the Clyde High School, and for about three years was a teacher. He took his law course in the University of North Carolina and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1895, beginning practice at Waynesville. Mr. Green was at one time an alderman of Waynesville and took the lead in promoting the movement for a bond issue to install lights and water works in the city. He is president of the Waynesville Library Association, a member of the North Carolina Bar Association and president of the Haywood County Bar Association. Dur- ing 1901-02 he served as private secretary to Congressman J. M. Moody at Washington. Mr. Green was postmaster of Waynesville from 1907 to 1916. He is known all over the state for his prominence in the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. He was grand master of North Carolina . in 1916-17 and is at present grand representa- tive to the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the United States. He is also a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias and past counselor of the Junior Or- der of United American Mechanics. December 31, 1888, Mr. Green married Dora Rogers, of Clyde, North Carolina, daughter of Jackson J. and Amanda (Stilwell) Rogers. Her father was a farmer. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Green: Lawrence, chief clerk of the Waynesville post office; McKinley, who volunteered at the outbreak of the war with Germany and is now in the United States Army; Arthur, in the aviation section of the navy; Lillian, Louise and Joyce, all at home. Henry Clement Satterfield. The business community of Durham has honored Henry Clement Satterfield with many substantial positions and responsibilities. Most of these he has attained as a result of his own steady progress from minor things to greater. He was born at Roxboro, North Carolina, March 8, 1882, a son of Samuel Paul and Lou Marie (Winstead) Satterfield. His father was for twenty years engaged in the general insurance business. The son was educated in public schools, in Trinity Park School, and in 1904 graduated from Trinity College. His first work on leaving college was as an offiee man and department fore- man with The American Tobacco Company. Then in 1906 he transferred to his permanent field, the lumber industry, going with the Cary Lumber Company as an office man and later secretary and treasurer and since 1911 has been president of this large and flourishing company. He is also presi- dent of the Trinity Land Company and a director of the Durham & Southern Railway Company. Mr. Satterfield is a Royal Arch Mason, a mem- ber of the Durham Chamber of Commerce and the Rotary Club. On April 11, 1906, he married Carlotta Gilmore Angier of Durham, daughter of the late John C. Angier, one of the prominent lumbermen and industrial executives in the state. Mr. and Mrs. Satterfield have three children, Henry Clement, Jr., Carlotta Angier and John Angier. Lyndon Lea White is a prominent North Caro- lina educator and is now principal of the high school of Winston-Salem. He represents an old family of the state, and the name has been vari- ously identified with agriculture, the public service and various professions.' Professor White was born at Glenola in Randolph County, North Carolina. His great-grandfather served in the office of sheriff of Randolph County in the early days, and after that was widely known as Sheriff White. Mr. White's grandfather, Isaac White, was born in Randolph County and became owner of a large plantation located on the plank road from Fayetteville Road westward. He not only occupied and operated that farm, but owned several teams and before the railroad era was extensively engaged in transporting produce and merchandise. On his estate was a grove which was used as the favorite camping ground for the wagoners while enroute to and from Fayetteville. Isaac White lived to be an old man and his last years were spent largely with his sons. Among his children were Julius J., David, Isaac and Letitia. His fifth child was Rev. Isaac H. White, father of Professor White. He was born in Randolph County in 1S55, was educated in the rural schools and afterward in Trinity College. After his col- lege course he took up merchandising, but at the same time carried on the study of law and theology and was finally licensed to preach. He joined the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 181 North Carolina Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, South, and served with credit in various pastorates. Finally, on account of failing eyesight, he discontinued his ministerial work and has since lived at Ealeigh, where he is now in the coal and wood business. Rev. Mr. White married Mary Elizabeth Elder, who was born near Trinity in Randolph County, daughter of Lea and Chris- tiana (Foutz) Elder, the former of English and the latter of German ancestry. Mrs. "White died in 1890, and Rev. Isaac A. White married for his second wife Johnnie Lillian Herritage. She ten- derly cared for the five children thus placed in her care. These children are Lyndon Lea, Lucy Neal, Ernest Eugene, Julian Elder and Herbert, the last dying at the age of fourteen. Lyndon Lea White had his early training in pub- lie schools and afterward entered Guilford Col- lege, where he was graduated in 1904. He took his advanced training in Haverford College near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from which he received his degree Bachelor of Arts. Mr. White has made a striking success in the field of education and it is his chosen life work. On leaving college he became superintendent of schools at Jamestown, North Carolina, and built up those schools to a high grade of efficiency during the five years he remained there. He then accepted the call to Winston-Salem as principal of the high school, and is now directing this, one of the largest and best equipped high schools in the state. In 1909 Mr. White married Miss Jessie Holt Foust. She was born in Alamance County, North Carolina, daughter of Thomas C. and Mary ("Rob- bins) Foust and a granddaughter of Ahi Robbins, who in his time was one of the extensive planters of Randolph County. Mr. and Mrs. White have three children, Lucy May, Martha Gray and Lyndon Lea, Jr. Mr. White and wife are active members of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and he is a member in good standing of the various educational organizations, including the National Educational Association and the North Carolina Teachers ' Association, and is also a mem- ber of the National Geographic Society. Lawrence James Herring, D. V. S. The most enlightened tenets of veterinary medical and sur- gical science have found expression in the career of Dr. Lawrence James Herring, who since '1911 has been engaged in the practice of his calling at Wilson. Still a young man, he has had a thorough and comprehensive training, as well as broad experi- ence in his chosen work, and his signal ability and trained skill have made him a helpful factor in the community where he is now located as the head of a veterinary hospital. Doctor Herring was born on a farm in Samp- son County, North Carolina, November 28, 18S2, and is a son of Rufus F. and Katherine (Corbett) Herring. His parents were farming people, and on the homestead place the lad formed a deep and lasting friendship for horses and other livestock and developed an understanding and sympathy that have done much to assist him in his work in later years. After attending the country schools, he became a student of the high school at Salemburg, and when he had left that institution as a grad- uate secured his first scholastic training in the profession which he meant to make his life work at the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh. Graduating therefrom in 1907, he enrolled as a student at the Kansas Citv Vet- erinary College, from which he graduated in 1909, and then located in Raleigh. On January 1, 1910, he was sent to the State Experimental Farm of Georgia, where he was placed in charge as animal pathologist and veterinarian, and continued to act in that capacity until June 22, 1911, when he came to Wilson. Here he has since been at the head of the Dr. L. J. Herring Veterinary Hospital, an institution which has become favorably known all over this section of North Carolina. Doctor Herring has a large practice as a practicing and office veterinarian, and has proved himself a humane and skillful overseer of the welfare of the horse and other quadrupeds. Few voung men are better equipped for success in this difficult calling than is this agreeable and popular vet- erinary surgeon. He has a bright and inquiring mind, a disposition to make himself of practical use . in . t ne world > and a keen appreciation of the possibilities as yet undiscovered in his calling. Although his practice demands a large share of his time, leaving him but little leisure for other activities, he has willingly allowed the community to benefit by his ability and knowledge, and has served as meat and milk inspector of the City of Wilson. His standing as a member of his vocation may be noted by the fact that he is a member of the North Carolina State Board of Veterinary Examiners, and he holds membership also in the American Veterinary Medical Association and the North Carolina Veterinary Association. He be- longs to the Country Club and to the local lodges of the Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in all of which he is very popular. Doctor Herring was married August 19, 1909, at Wilson, to Miss Mary Louise Carter, of Canisteo, New York, and they are the parents of two chil- dren: Katherine Imogene and Lawrence James, Jr. Doctor and Mrs. Herring are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he is serving as deacon. Charles Collins Benton. Among the firms of architects that have come to the forefront during recent years, one which has had an almost phe- nomenally successful career is that of Benton & Benton, which is composed of brothers, Charles Collins and Frank Warthall Benton. With its main offices at Wilson, it has not confined its activities to the immediate vicinity of its head- quarters, but evidence of its operations can be found in various of the towns and cities of Cen- tral and Eastern North Carolina. The junior member of this firm, Charles Collins Benton, while still a young man, has already accomplished much in a professional way and has earned a right to be accounted one of the leaders of his voca- tion in his community. He was bom at Wilson, Wilson County, North Carolina, March 14, 1888, and is a son of Henry E. and Margaret (Whi- taker) Benton, his father being a mechanic in the employ of the United States Government. When his preliminary educational training had been completed in the grammar grades and he had left the high school'm 1901, Charles Collins Benton took further instruction under a private tutor at Charlotte, North Carolina. Returning then to Wilson, he began the practice of his cho- sen profession, but soon found that he was still in need of further preparation, and accordingly went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy, where he completed the third course. In 1908 he again came back to Wilson, this time to locate permanently, although the firm of which he is a member also conducts an office at Norfolk. 182 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA Virginia- Mr. Benton has won his way to the front rank of North Carolina architects through hard work and well-directed purpose. A close student, he has kept constantly abreast of the times, and his services are greatly in demand, he having done work on large projects all the way from Washington, District of Columbia, to Atlanta, Georgia, and at the present time having under con- struction structures to the value of $1,500,000. While not specialized in any line, some of his most important work has been done in the erec- tion of courthouses and other public buildings, but he also has a long line of handsome church edifices, schoolhouses, banks and business build- ing to his credit, not to speak of some of the most beautiful residences to be found in this part of the state. He is a member of the Society of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is a York Bite Mason, and belongs to Sudan Temple of the Mystic Shrine. While he has been too de- voted to his professional duties to enter actively into public affairs, he has not shirked the duties of citizenship, and is ex-building inspector of Wilson. Mr. Benton was married July 19, 1911, to Miss Mary Bowell, of Wayne County, North Carolina, and they are the parents of two sons: Henry Ed- win, born November 17, 1913 ; and Charles Col- lins, Jr., born September 12, 1915. Frank Warthall Benton was born at Wilson, North Carolina, and secured his education in the public schools of this city. In his youth he ap- plied himself to learning the trade of machinist, but as this work brought him into touch with architecture he was gradually attracted to the lat- ter vocation, for which he had natural aptitude. He developed his latent powers in this direction by following architectural work at Kansas City, Missouri, and in Oklahoma, but eventually re- turned to North Carolina and for a time was lo- cated at Wilmington, where he was a draughts- man for 3% years in the architect's office of the Atlantic Coast Line Bailway. At the end of that period he returned to Wilson, where, with his brother, he formed the firm of Benton & Benton. Since then his rise has been steady and continu- ous and the prominence which he enjoys among the members of his calling and the public in general is due to industry and a display of splen- did ability in the field which he has chosen for his life work. He is a thirty-second degree, Scot- tish Bite Mason, and a member of Sudan Tem- ple of the Mystic Shrine. Gustave Alphonso Allison. For many years actively identified with the railway interests of Western North Carolina, Gustave Alphonso Allison, station agent at Mocksville, Davie county, is fill- ing the responsible position he now occupies with ability and fidelity, and to the satisfaction of both railway officials and the railway patrons. A son of Theophilus Allison, he was born at Third Creek, now Cleveland, Bowan county, North Carolina. July 18, 1861. His grandfather, Samuel Allison, it is said, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, being a direct descendant of one of four brothers that emigrated from the North of Ireland to America, locating in North Carolina. Descendants of these brothers are numerous, being found in many states of the TTnion, and not a few of them are prominent in professional and public life. Samuel Allison, him- self, a life-long resident of North Carolina, was a farmer in Bowan County. Bom on a farm in Bowan. County,, Theophilus Allison was educated in the district schools, and as a young man entered the employ of the Western Carolina Company, now the Southern Bailroad Company, ami for a number of years was station agent at Third Creek.. He died while yet in the prime of life- The maiden name of his wife was Margaret Elizabeth Lucky. She was born in Mount Vernon, Rowan County, North Carolina, and died in 1862, leaving two sons, William L., now deceased, and Gustave, Alphonso. After the death of his first wife Theophilus Allison married Bettie Carson, whose death occurred a year later. Being left motherless when a small child, Gus- tave A. Allison was brought up in the home of his uncle, William A. Lucky, of Cleveland, Rowan County, remaining with him until attaining his majority. Obtaining his preliminary education in the public schools of Cleveland, he continued his studies at Catawba College in Newton, North Carolina. At the age of twenty-one years Mr. Allison entered the employ of the Western North Carolina Bailway Company, now the Southern Railroad Company, and for two years was station agent at Third Creek, now Cleveland, Bowan County. Being then transferred to the Company's office at Statesville, Iredell County, he was there engaged as a clerk for two years, and then re- turned to his former position at Cleveland. When the railroad was extended to North Wilkesboro, Mr. Allison opened the station at that point, and continued there as agent for two years. The following thirteen years he had charge of the station at Advance, from there going in 1901 to Thomasville, Davidson County, where he was sta- tion agent for three years. Mr. Allison then organized the Thomasville Chair Factory, and for three years was engaged in the manufacture of chairs. Beturuing then to his former employ- ment, Mr. Allison in 1907 was appointed station agent at Mocksville, and has held the position since. Mr. Allison married, at the age of twenty-four years, Henrie Eudora Morris, who was born near Cooleemee, Davie County, a daughter of Edwin S. and Annie (Fowler) Morris, and grand-daughter of Owen C. and Eliza (Osborn) Fowler. Mrs. Allison died in Thomasville, Davidson County, in 1906, leaving seven children, namely: Helen, Marie, Annie E., William A., Ossie, Margaret and Morris. Mr. Allison and his children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, to which his wife also belonged. Fraternally he is a member of Thomasville Lodge, Ancient Froo and Accepted Order of Masons, and of Mocks- ville Council, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Hexrt F. Burk, of Winston-Salem, is an honored veteran of the war between the states, sac- rificed much for the cause of the Southland, and since the war has lived in Forsyth County as a farmer, public official, and is now enjoying the comforts of retirement at Winston-Salem. He was born on a farm in what is now South Fork Township of Forsyth County August 19, 1840. His father, Andrew Burk, a son of Edward and Mary (Tesh) Burk, was born on their farm in Davidson County, grew up in close touch with agricultural operations and made fanning his per- manent vocation. At the time of the war between the states, being quite old, he served as a member of the Reserve Corps. He died in his eightieth year. His wife, whose maiden name was Folly o^JjZ^J&u, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 183 Ader, was born on a farm in Davidson County, daughter of Peter Ader, a farmer of that section. She died in her seventy-third year. There were six children: Solomon, Henry F., John, Catherine, David and Pleasant. The son, John, served as a member of the Junior Beserve during the war. The old farm in South Fork Township, located about 2% miles southwest of Winston-Salem, was the environment of Henry F. Burk as a boy. His school advantages were those afforded by the rural district there. He had not yet attained his ma- jority when the war broke out, and on March 22, 1862, he enlisted in Company K of the Forty- eighth Regiment, North Carolina troops. He be- came fourth sergeant of the company. He was soon sent North to fight on the great battlefields of Virginia, and on the 17th of September, 1862, he participated in the battle before Sharpsburg, Maryland, where he was severely wounded and lost his left leg. He was given medical and surgical attention in a tent hospital at Sharpsburg for five weeks and was then removed to a hospital in Richmond, where he remained five weeks more. Being incapacitated for active field duty, he was granted an honorable discharge and returned to the old home in Forsyth County. In 1866 Mr. Burk took his place among the other loyal men of North Carolina in rehabilitating the state from the destructive elements of war. He bought a farm on the Shallowford Road, four miles west of the courthouse at Winston, and though handicapped by the injury he had received in the army he pursued farming vigorously and successfully for a number of years. In 1884 he turned the farm over to renters and has since op- erated it through tenant labor. In that year he removed to Winston, and for two years held the office of jailer. After that for ten years he and Mrs. Burk conducted a boarding house, but since then he has lived retired in a comfortable home on the street which bears the name of this Confed- erate veteran. In 1866, half a century ago, Mr. Burk married Miss Eugenia Ann Wagner. Mrs. Burk was born in Davidson County, daughter of Alvin Wagner, a farmer of that section. The only living child of Mr. and Mrs. Burk is Mrs. John W. Harrison. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison have five children, named Mamie M., Flora, Beatrice, Robah and Kate. Mrs. Burk was an active member of the Calvary Moravian Church. She died August 24, 1917. He lias always taken much interest in Confederate Veterans' affairs and is a member of Norfleet Camp of Confederate Veterans and is also on the pension board. John" Leland Becton. With the development of any community comes the need of the skilled work and careful' planning of the civil engineer. Without his knowledge and practical appliance of it the community would not only cease to grow; it would cease to exist. He is the product of the age in which he lives, and meets its requirements ad- mirably. The profession of engineering at Wil- mington is represented by several men of high standing and more than local reputation, and among them is found John Leland Becton, to whom must be granted the credit for some of the great engineering work that has been done in this locality during recent years. John Leland Beoton was born near Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina, October 24, 1885, and is a son of George Lawrence and Mollie (Yel- verton) Becton. His father was a farmer and merchant, and the youth spent his early years be- tween the homestead and the city, first attending the public schools of Goldsboro and later those of Guilford for three years. His primary educa- tion completed, Mr. Becton then entered the Agri- cultural and Mechanical College, at Raleigh, from which he was duly graduated in 1908, and in that year came to Wilmington and began his career in civil engineering. That he has suc- ceeded in his calling was recognized by the Agri- cultural and Mechanical College, in 1913, when that institution conferred upon him the degree of Civil Engineer. For two years after coming to Wilmington Mr. Becton served in the office of assistant city engineer, but since that time has been devoting himself largely to a private clientele. He has served as engineer for many drainage dis- tricts in Eastern North Carolina and has installed miles of tile drain in this and other states. To his credit are miles of water and sewer mains — municipal improvement — miles of industrial rail- road — lumber company progress — and numerous suburban developments with thousands of dollars on improvements — from the topographical map and landscape engineering to the completed streets and drives. Mr. Becton is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and enjoys a high reputation in the ranks of his profession. He belongs to Sepia Grotto, is a Thirty-second degree and Shriner Mason, and holds membership in the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, in addition to which he is a member of the Cape Fear, Cape Fear Country and Carolina Yacht clubs. Politically he is a democrat, but the con- stantly increasing duties of his calling have kept him from taking any active part in public affairs. He has shown much interest in the Young Men 's Christian Association at Wilmington, of which he is a director, and has also been active in the work of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a steward. Hon. Gakland S. Ferguson. Haywood County can justly lay claim to general citizenship of a high order and can point with pride to native sons whose names stand high on her roll of honor because of worthy achievements. Few men whose names appear on this record are better known or more universally esteemed and trusted than Judge Garland S. Ferguson, of Waynesville, whose un- impeachable integrity and earnest, intelligent ef- forts at the bar, on the bench and in the legis- lative councils of his state have made him hon- orably conspicuous in his county and community for many years. Garland S. Ferguson was born in Haywood County, North Carolina, May 6, 1843. His par- ents were William and Ruth (Gibson) Ferguson, who undoubtedly were able to trace their ances- tral lines far back to Ireland and Scotland, so he is truly Scotch and Irish. The father of Judge Ferguson was a prosperous farmer during the latter 's boyhood and early youth, and educa- tional advantages were not lacking. He worked on the farm in spring and summer and attended school in the fall and winter. Many changes in- evitably came about with the precipitation of the war between the states, and Garland S., with many other schoolboys of eighteen years, enthu- siastically and adventurously put aside their books to take up a musket and marched valiantly from the shelter of the old home into an entirely dif- ferent evironment. Changes have come again and once more the vouths of the land leave home 184 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA and family to do battle on land and sea, and it is not a matter of surprise to find the old fa- miliar names appearing on the new rolls of cour- age and valor. Garland S. Ferguson enlisted on June 29, 1861, in Company F, Twenty-fifth North Carolina Vol- unteer Infantry, with the rank of sergeant. Pro- motion followed and when the war closed he came out of the struggle with the rank of lieu- tenant. Although his regiment was constantly at the front and danger encompassed it on every side, Mr. Ferguson passed through the earlier years of the war practically unharmed. Early in 1864, however, at the Battle of Drury 's Bluff, he was seriously wounded in the head, some time afterward, however, returning to active duty and in August of the same year was again wounded, in his right shoulder. On the 25th of March, 1865, at Fort Steadman in front of Petersburg, he was again wounded, his left thigh broken. He did not reach home until the 25th of Aug- ust, 1865, and the bones continued to work their way out of his thigh until November, 1878. In the fall election, 1865, Mr. Ferguson was elected clerk of the Superior Court of Haywood County and was re-elected in 1868, in the mean- while having completed his law studies. In 1871 he resigned his court office and entered upon the practice of law. He became a prominent political factor in the years that followed and was elected to the State Senate and served in the sessions of 1876 and 1877. In 1878 he was made solicitor for the Ninth Judicial District and in this capacity served for eight years, display- ing in the interim such complete knowledge of the law in many complicated cases that his fel- low citizens determined to call him higher. From 1886 until 1902 his law practice at Waynesville absorbed his time and attention, his reputation for legal ability growing apace. In 1902 he was elected judge of the Sixteenth, now the Twentieth, Judicial District, and entered upon a long and honorable judicial service that ter- minated only with his declination of re-election in 1918. He administered his high office with patient, conscientious thoroughness, with dignity and impartiality, and his decisions were very seldom questioned. Judge Ferguson was married in November, 1866, to Miss Sarah F. Norwood, who died in 1912, the beloved mother of seveu children, namely: Na- than, who is in business at Atlanta, Georgia; Fannie, who is the wife of E. J. Bobeson, super- intendent of the Waynesville public, schools; James W., who is engaged in the practice of law at Waynesville, North Carolina; Joseph B., whose interests lie along agricultural development; Gar- land S., who not only bears his father 's honored name but is adding luster to it in the same pro- fession at Greensboro, North Carolina, and in Washington City where he now resides; John Norwood is in the United States navy, with the rank of commander and is inspector of ord- nance of the New York Division of Ordnance; and Lillian, who is the wife of J. C. Blanchard, of Hertford, North Carolina. A man of the character and attainments of Judge Ferguson naturally has been interested in human progress and educational development and at all times and in many ways he has been ready to encourage laudable enterprises along these lines. He still resides in Waynesville, in which city, despite the passage of years, he remains a controlling force and vital citizen and he will again resume the practice of law. Luther Montrose Carlton was born in Durham County, North Carolina, March 27, 1877. His parents were Marquis L. Carlton and Bettie V. (Groom) Carlton, and the mother now resides in Durham. At that time his father was engaged in the furniture business but some time later returned to his farm in Wake County. On account of the inadequate country schools, the subject of this sketch, when six years old was sent back to Dur- ham and placed in the city schools and continued there until he graduated in 1891, winning a scholarship to Trinity College, which institution he entered in 1892. He graduated from Trinity College in 1897 and during the following year was Secretary and Treasurer of the Business Men's Association of Durham. Resigning this position he entered upon the study of law in the office of Boone & Bryant, attorneys, and in 1900 he completed his studies in the law department of the University of North Carolina with credit, and in February 1900, was admitted to the bar. Mr. Carlton immediately entered into a general practice at Boxboro in Person County and has continued ever since and now stands well at the head of a very able body of lawyers. In 1902 he entered into partnership with Hon. W. W. Kitehin, under the firm name of Kitehin & Carlton, which partnership continued until 1909, when Mi. Kit- chin was elected governor of the state. Since then as an individual attorney Mr. Carlton has managed a large and substantial , practice and is universally recognized as a counselor of legal worth as well as personal probity. For many years he has practiced regularly in the adjoining County of Caswell and is a. member of the firm of Carlton & Upchurch. With other professional connections he is attorney for the Bank of Rox- boro. Mr. Carlton was married March 22, 1905, to Maiy Graves Hines of Mount Airy, North Caro- lina and they have three children: Margaret Hines, Mary Shuford and Luther Montrose, Jr. Interested from early manhood in public affairs,, and believing that politics has an established place in the conduct of a republic, he soon defined his principles and united heartily with the democratic party, in which he has been recognized in his county and district as a leader. For eight years he was chairman of Democratic County Executive Committee, and although urged many times to run for office he has preferred to work for party friends and devote his energies to his profession. Once elected Mayor of Roxboro he resigned be- cause of the 'pressure of professional business. He has always taken an active interest in all pro- gressive movements and especially in public school? and good roads. He is a man of broad view and intelligent vision and both professionally and personally enjoys the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens. For many years he has been identified with the Pythian and Masonic fraternities and belongs also to the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. James Edward Kenerly is one of the leading building contractors of Winston-Salem. His career has been one in which his independent efforts and self-reliance have been prominent factors in his progressive success. While working for others, his enterprise led him to acquire outside interests- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 185 of his own, and gradually he got into the business which he now follows. Mr. Kenerly was born on a farm in Davidson County, North Carolina. He is of Scotch-Irish an- cestry. His great-grandfather was according to the best information at hand a native of Ireland but of Scotch stock. On coming to America he located in Rowan County, North Carolina, and spent the rest of his days there. Mr. Kenerly 's grandfather was George Kenerly, a native of Rowan County and for many years he was a successful farmer in that section. During the war between the states he operated a blacksmith shop and a shoe factory. All the boots and shoes were hand made, and as a mechanic and artisan he rendered a valuable service to his community during war times. He died when about seventy-two years of age. George Kenerly, Jr., father of James E., was born in Rowan County in 1849. While reared on a farm and habituated to its duties, he also learned the trade of blacksmith and furthermore worked as a carpenter. He subsequently removed to David- son County, bought a farm in Tvto Township, was a general farmer for several years, and then re- turned to Rowan County where his death occurred in 1910. He married Sarah Walton. During the first years of their married life they lived very simply, and in the absence of a stove the bride cooked her meals by the open fire. She was born in Rowan County in 1854, a daughter of George Allen and Sarah" (Klutz) Walton. She is still liv- ing a resident of Rowan County, and has reared nine children: Ida, James Edward, Nora B., John D., Thomas G., Daniel L., OUie D., Lome E., and T. Seott. James Edward Kenerly spent his early life on a farm in Davidson County. While there he attended the public schools and was also a student in the Churchland High School. His independent efforts began at the age of eighteen, when he became a school teacher, and followed that vocation for about four years. In 1898 Mr. Kenerly removed to Spencer, North Carolina, and for sis years was employed in the paint department of the Southern Railway shops. It was while working in that capacity that he first became interested in real estate. He bought some lots, employed a carpenter to build houses, and sold several of his properties to advantage. This experience opened up a new field for him, and at the end of six years he left the railway company to become a carpenter and builder, and followed that line four years in Spencer. In 1910 Mr. Kenerly removed to Win- ston-Salem and has since perfected an excellent organization and does an extensive business as a building contractor. Through that work he has developed with his own capital considerable prop- erty and is handling his own work and accepting contracts from others. In 1897 he married Miss Florence Delia Miller. Mrs. Kenerly was born in Davidson County, daugh- ter of Henderson and Victoria Miller. Three children have been born to their marriage : Ira B., Paul James and Elva Lee. Mr. and Mrs. Kenerly and children are active members of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and Mr. Ken- erly is an active, member of West End Church of the same denomination. He is a member of the Men 's Bible Class. Frank Miller Weaver has carried exceptional burdens in business and civic affairs at Asheville and elsewhere for a long period of years, and today he is one -of those men who with unselfish patriot- ism are concentrating all their resources and in- fluences without monetary remuneration to organiz- ing and directing the power of their home com- munity to the best advantage of the national Gov- ernment in the prosecution of the great war. Mr. Weaver was born at Weaverville, Buncombe County, Nortli Carolina, December 1, 1858. He is a great-grandson of that John Weaver who came to this section of North Carolina in 1783, at the close of the Revolutionary war, and founded the community which for more than a century has been known as Weaverville. Frank M. Weaver is a son of John S. and Mary Carmack (Miller) Weaver. His father was prominent in Buncombe County as a planter, woolen mill operator and also as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Frank M. Weaver was liberally educated in local schools and also in Weaver College at Weaverville, an institution of which he has been for the past fifteen years chairman of the board of trustees. For three years after leaving school he was in the tobacco business, and then entered the coal industry, with which his name has been longest identified. He was one of the men re- sponsible for opening up some of the great coal fields of old Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, and was vice president of the Indian Coal & Mining Company, which developed some of the extensive fields around MeAlester. Mr. Weaver established at Asheville a retail coal business in 1890 and conducted it successfully until 1916. Among his large interests at present he is presi- dent of the Brown Hardware Company, vice presi- dent of the Piedmont Electric Company, president of the American Milling Company, president of the Lexington Chair Company at Lexington, North Carolina, president of the Carolina lee & Coal Company of Asheville, and is owner of some ex- tensive farm lands and orchards and valuable business properties in the City of Asheville. He has done much to develop North Carolina 's re- sources as a fruit growing state, and his orchards produce every year quantities of apples and peaches. Through all the years he has devoted much of his time to public affairs. He is now president of the Asheville Board of Trade, served in the same office at another period for two years, and was a director of the board twelve years. As already noted, he is now giving all his time to his duties as chairman of the Buncombe County Council of Defense and to the county food administration. He is chairman of the board of stewards of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church South, and was for twenty-two years superintendent of the Sunday school. He was elected a delegate from the West- ern North Carolina Conference and served at three successive sessions of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, which meets once in every four years. He is a trustee of Trinity College of Durham, is a member of the Asheville Club and the Asheville Country Club, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner and past grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. In June, 1889, Mr. Weaver married Ella Boyd Russell, of Mecklenburg County, Virginia. She died one year after their marriage. October 25, 1899, he married Cornelia Burns, of Shreveport, Louisiana. They have three children, Elizabeth Burns, Frank Miller, Jr., and William Fisk. William Allen Erwin, of West Durham, is pre-eminent among the cotton manufacturers of .186 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA North Carolina and one of the foremost men in that industry in the South. He has made a great success of practical affairs, the more noteworthy because he started in life compelled to make his own capital and promote himself by efficiency and industry. He is a man of broad and liberal mind, and a splendid humanitarianism has min- gled with all his creative and executive work in commercial affairs. His father was Col. Joseph J. Erwin, who owned a fine plantation known as Bellevue on Upper Creek near Morganton in Burke County, North Carolina. It was on that plantation that William Allen Erwin was born July 15, 1856. His mother was Elvira J. Holt, daughter of Dr. William E. Holt, of Lexington, North Carolina. Both Colonel and Mrs. Erwin were highly cul- tured and held in great esteem. The devastation and loss due to the war ma- terially affected the fortunes of this family, and William A. Erwin, who was prepared for college in the schools of Burke County and in the Fin- ley High School at Lenoir, and who had done two years of good work at the A. & M. College of Kentucky University, was compelled to cut short his educational career and begin work while yet a boy. On December 4, 1874, he became a salesman in the general store of Holt, Gant & Holt at Bur- lington, North Carolina. He remained there un- til 1877, when he took a position as bookkeeper with the North Carolina Railway Company at Burlington. A year later he engaged in mer- chandising, and so continued until 1882. It was in 1882 that Mr.' Erwin first became identified with the business which has brought him in a large way in close touch with the indus- trial life of the state. From that year until 1893 he was treasurer and general manager of the E. M. Holt Plaid Mills in Alamance County. Since 1893 Mr. Erwin 's home has been at West Durham, where he built the large Erwin Cotton Mills. Mr. Erwin directs the operation of a very large cotton Mill interest in the State of North Caro- lina. Under his leadership and control are the following: The four mills of the Erwin Cot- ton Mills Company, namely Nos. 1 and 4 Mills at West Durham, containing 75,000 spindles, 903 narrow and 1,030 broad looms; the Erwin Cot- ton Mill No. 2 at Duke, containing 35,000 spin- dles and 1,024 looms; the Erwin Cotton Mill No. 3 at Cooleemee, containing 48,000 spindles and 1,296 looms; the Durham Cotton Manufac- turing Company, East Durham, 24,000 spindles and 820 looms; Pearl Cotton Mill, East Durham, 11,000 spindles and 248 looms; Oxford Cotton Mills, Oxford, 6,200 spindles; and the Locke Cot- ton Mills Company, Concord, 35,000 spindles and 976 looms. These mills altogether employ a cap- ital of about $10,000,000, and in the aggregate form a large part of the industrial resources of the state. For more than thirty years Mr. Erwin has, without interruption, given devoted service as su- perintendent to the Sunday schools of Burling- ton and West Durham, and is one of the strong- est and most influential laymen in the South of the Protestant Episcopal Church. On October 23, 1889, Mr. Erwin married Sadie L. Smedcs, daughter of Aldert Smedes, D. D., founder of St. Mary 's Episcopal School at B-a- leigh. Mr. and Mrs. Erwin have four children, three daughters and one son. The oldest daugh- ter, Bessie Smedes, married Hon. Hamilton C. Jones, an attorney of Charlotte, North Carolina. The second daughter, Margaret Locke, married James W. Glenn, of Winston-Salem, North Car- olina, and youngest daughter, Sarah Lyell, mar- ried Hargrove Bellamy, of Wilmington, North Carolina, now first lieutenant of infantry in the American army in France. Their only son, Wil- liam Allen Erwin, Jr., in March, 1917, married Miss Haffye Louise Barton, of Florida, and after having occupied a responsible position with the Erwin Cotton Mills Company, has recently vol- unteered and is now in the Officers Training School of the United States Army at Camp Jack- son, Columbia, South Carolina. Each of the daugh- ters of Mr. and Mrs. Erwin embody the highest type of Southern womanhood and the son has proven himself a worthy son of high ideals and noble ambitions. Col. Alexander Boyd Andrews was born in Franklin County, North Carolina, July 23, 1841, and died at his home in Raleigh April 17, 1915. He lived nearly seventy-four years. He was a brave soldier in the war between the states, and for nearly half a century after the war was identified with railway extension and management, with banking and other large business affairs. His career throughout was constructive. To tell the story of his life in full would involve a detailed reference to many of the important depart- ments of the state's industrial system and organization. It is said that he built more miles of railway in North Carolina than any other individual, and in building it his primary purpose was the solid and substantial development of the state's resources and he was never actuated by the spirit of exploitation and speculation which have been impelling motives with so many capita- lists. All his work was closely connected with the development of the State, and no better proof of this can be found than in the following state- ment made by The State Journal of Baleigh at the time of his death : " It is a remarkable fact that out of the millions of dollars invested by the state of North Carolina in aiding railroad building, it has never lost a dollar invested in a railroad enterprise with which Colonel Andrews was ever connected, and has lost almost every dollar put into railroad building in which he had no in- terest. " He was not yet grown when the war broke out. The beginning of hostilities found him in South Carolina with his uncle Gen. P. B. Hawkins, engaged in the construction of the Blue Bidge Railway. Returning home he answered the call for volunteers, was appointed a second lieutenant of cavalry in May, 1861, promoted to first lieuten- ant in September and to captain in June, 1862. During the remainder of the war he served with the rank of captain. At Upperville, Virginia, in June, 1862, he had a horse shot from under him, and in September, 1863, he was desperately wounded at Jack's Shop, Virginia. He was shot through the left lung and for several years after the war suffered from this injury and it is believed that the immediate cause of his death was this old wound received more than half a century earlier. After the war Colonel Andrews went to Weldon, North Carolina, and undertook a contract with the Petersburg Railroad to carry its freight and passengers across the Roanoke River to Gaston. All the bridges had been destroyed, and he held this contract for over a year. In July, 1867, he ^^x^-^1 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 187 became superintendent of the Raleigh and Gaston Railway. From this time forward the responsi- bilities and duties placed upon him rapidly increased, but he had that genius which consisted in a growth of ability in proportion to the needs of accomplishment. For many years he was the real constructive genius of the Southern Railway System. He is given credit for having constructed the Western North Carolina Murphy branch, the North Carolina Midland Railway (the line from Winston-Salem to Mooresville), the Yadkin Rail- way, the High Point-Randleman-Asheboro and Southern Railroad, the Statesville and Western, between Statesville and Taylorsville, the North- western North Carolina from Pomona to North Wilkesboro, and a number of other short lines all now included in the Southern Railway System. For many years and up to the date of his death lie was first viee president of the Southern Rail- way. An impressive tribute to his official posi- tion and to the splendid work he had performed for his corporation was the order that went out from the executive offices that every wheel on the Southern system and all work in shops and elsewhere should cease for five minutes at the time of his funeral. Colonel Andrews for many years held the po- sition of vice president and director of the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh. He was the founder and from its beginning until his death was president of the Soldiers Home for Con- federate Veterans. He was a trustee of the Uni- versity of North Carolina. These and many other trusts were given him, and in every case he faithfully fulfilled every duty and considered every official position an opportunity for real personal service. He was an active member of the Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd at Raleigh, and a large concourse of his friends and of leading business men from all over the state and the South gathered to pay respect to his memory while Bishop Joseph Blount Cheshire conducted the funeral service. September 1, 1869, Colonel Andrews married Miss Julia M. Johnston, a daughter of Col. Wil- liam M. Johnston of Charlotte, North Carolina. Mrs. Andrews, who still lives in Raleigh, has five surviving children: W. J. Andrews, A. B. An- drews, Jr., John H. Andrews, Graham Andrews, all of Raleigh, and Mrs. W. M. Marks of Mont- gomery, Alabama. Graham Harris Andrews. A son of the late distinguished Col. Alexander Boyd Andrews, first vice president of the Southern Railway System, Graham Harris Andrews, has used the opportuni- ties that came to him by reason of the high posi- tion his father occupied in commercial affairs to render a valuable service on his own part to his native state. Born at Raleigh, April 21, 1883, educated in the Raleigh Male Academy and graduating from the University of North Carolina, A. B. in 190:'., he at once entered the employ of the Citizens National Bank as collector, and advanced through the various grades until July 5, 1913, he became cashier. He is also secretary, treasurer and director of the Raleigh Cotton Oil Company; director of the Raleigh Real Estate and Trust Company; vice president- and director of the Raleigh Savings Bank and Trust Company, an office his father held before him ; director of the Atlantic Fire Insurance Company; director of the Raleigh Building and Loan Association; and president of the Citizens Insurance Agency. He is a man of many interests, is a trustee of St. Mary 's School and active as a member and senior warden of the Church of the Good Shep- herd, Protestant Episcopal, at Raleigh. He be- longs to the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fra- ternity, the Capital Club, Country Club, and the Neuseco Fishing Club. Fraternally he is identi- fied with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevo- lent and Protective Order of Elks. November 6, 1907, Mr. Andrews married Eliza Humphrey Simmons of Newbern, North Carolina. Three children have been born to their union: Julia Johnston, Mary, Simmons and Graham Harris, Jr. Hon. F. Dayton McLean. Among the fore- most men of Bladen County stands Hon. F. Day- ton McLean, ex-member of the State Legislature, a prominent political leader, greatly interested in public education, concerned in the oil and cotton industries of this section, and the owner and op- erator of the old McLean homestead farm, on which he resides. Here he was born in 1862, and his parents were Duncan and Sallie (Singletary) Mc- Lean. The late Duncan MeLean was born near Lilling- ton, Harnett County, North Carolina, and was a son of Lauchlin McLean, of Scotch ancestry, and a near kinsman of Hon. Dan Hugh McLean, who still resides at Lillington. Duncan McLean mar- ried Sallie Singletary, who was a daughter of Joshua Singletary, of Bladen County, and a de- scendant of one of the earliest families here, the date of their advent being about the same as the Robeson family, in 1721. Col. Thomas Robeson, for whom Robeson County was named, married a Sallie Singletary, her family being of Welsh de- scent. Years before the outbreak of the war be- tween the states Duncan McLean came from Har- nett to Bladen County and settled in the extreme southwestern part, near the Robeson County line, in what was known as the back woods of Bladen County. He cleared a farm out of the wilderness, 2y 2 miles southwest of Bladenboro, and spent his life there. During boyhood F. Dayton McLean attended private schools, but in 1885 he went to Lexington, in Davidson County, and as a student entered the Southern Normal School, which had been estab- lished that year, and completed the teachers ' course, and the next three years were spent in teaching school in Bladen and Robeson counties. While this quiet, peaceful vocation did not prepare him very well for military duty, nevertheless when the Spanish-American war came on he was found ready to assume his patriotic duty and enlisted in the famous ' ' Hornet 's Nest Rifles, ' ' an organization that well deserved its name, which was commanded by Capt. T. R. Robertson, of Charlotte, and be- came a part of the First North Carolina. Infantry, commanded by Colonel Armfield, of Statesville. The First North Carolina had the distinction of being the first American regiment to march through the streets of Havana, and Mr. McLean is justly proud of his connection with this organ- ization and of his own personal war record. Since 1901 Mr. McLean has been engaged in farming on his old home place, but for ten years or more he was identified with the Butters Lumber Company, of Boardman, principally as engineer in that company 's extensive canal and drainage work 188 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA in Columbus, Bladen and Robeson counties, a work of the greatest importance to this wide section and which has been carried on with extreme thorough- ness. A loyal supporter of home enterprises, Mr. McLean is interested in a number of the local in- dustries and is a member of the directing board of the Bladenboro Cotton Mill. Since early manhood Mr. McLean has been more or less interested in politics, believing an earnest citizen's duty lies in that direction to some extent, and today he is recognized as a lead- ing factor in the democratic party in Bladen County. He lias served usefully in many public offices, for several years being magistrate of his district, and also has been road overseer, school committeeman and deputy sheriff. He was fur- ther honored by his fellow citizens by election to the General Assembly and served through the ses- sions of 1907-8, and took a particularly active part in legislation affecting education and state- wide prohibition, being a most' ardent advocate of both causes. He made a highly creditable record and one greatly appreciated by his constituents. He lent especial aid in furthering the organization of the state high school system, and at present is a member of the county board of education, work- ing zealously for the establishment and advance- ment of the public schools and for sound public school advantages for the masses. A scholarly man himself, he has felt, more than many others, the great lack of educational privileges and consequent lamentable state of ignorance that may yet be found in a state that stands so well to the front among others of the South. His influence and efforts have not been without results. As a mem- ber of the county board he was mainly instru- mental in securing the building of the magnificent new school edifice at Bladenboro, which was com- pleted in 1917. It is a solid brick structure equipped with its own electric lights and with every modern invention suitable to first class school plants, with due regard to ventilation and sanita- tion, its cost being $30,000. The school has a farm of forty acres adjoining it, for farm life teaching, Mr. McLean being greatly in favor of vocational methods. ISTot only would he offer the youth of the country exceptional advantages and opportunities, but he would favor universal com- pulsory education. He takes an active part in all state educational organizations and assisted to found the State Teachers' Board of Education. Personally he is a man of engaging presence, genial and companionable, and in addition to his popularity in public affairs has a very wide circle of warm and appreciative personal friends. Mr. McLean married into one of the very old and influential families of Bladen County, when Miss Lummie White, who is a daughter of James White, became his wife. They have had four chil- dren: Duncan, Sallie, F. Dayton and Dan Hugh. In the summer of 1917 sorrow came to the family circle through the accidental drowning of their un- usually bright and promising eldest son. James H. Greenwood. One of the more ex- tensive landholders of Western North Carolina, James H. Greenwood, of Elkin, Surry County, has made an excellent use of every offered opportunity, allowing nothing to escape • him that might im- prove his chances of advancing his material in- terests or adding to the welfare of the community in which he resides. A son of Thomas Greenwood, he was born January 11, 1853, in Carroll County, Virginia. His grandfather, James Greenwood, a native of the eastern part of Virginia, came from there to Yadkin County, this state, when young, and having purchased land in the Yadkin River Valley was there engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, while yet in manhood's prime, One of a family consisting of seven sons and one daughter, Thomas Greenwood was born on the home farm in Knob Township, Yadkin County, and there was reared and educated. After his marriage, taking advantage of the cheap land in Virginia, he bought a tract in Carroll County, about six miles from Mount Airy, in Virginia, and there improved a farm. In 1870 he sold his land at an advanced price, and returning to Yadkin County purchased land in Knob Township, where he continued his agricultural labors. Very suc- cessful in his operations, he invested his money in other tracts of land, becoming owner of much valuable real estate, and was there a resident until his death, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife, whose maiden name was Belinda Burch, was born in Surry County, North Carolina, where her father, Isaac Burch, was a life-long farmer. She lived to the age of seventy-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Greenwood reared eight children, as follows: Elizabeth, Plutina E., Sarah, James H., Johnnie, Houston, Tommie and Alice. James H. Greenwood obtained his preliminary education in the rural schools of Virginia, later completing his studies at the Jonesville Academy in Yadkin County, this state. Leaving the home farm at the age of twenty-one years, he learned the photographer's art, which he followed for thirteen years, traveling in Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee, in each state being well patronized. Giving up his artistic work, Mr. Greenwood bought a farm in Knob Township, Yadkin County, in close proximity to Elkin, and there, in addition to carrying on general farming most profitably, estab- lished a distillery and a rectifying plant, both of which he operated for a number of years. In 1897 Mr. Greenwood again made a wise in- vestment of his money, buying a farm situated about 1% miles below Elkin, and was there engaged in his favorite pursuit until 1913. In that year he erected his present attractive home, a large, ruod- ernly constructed house, pleasantly located on East Main Street in Elkin, where he has since re- mained, a valued and esteemed citizen. Mr. Green- wood has extensive farming interests, having title to five farms lying in the vicinity of Elkin, three in Yadkin County, and to two others in Surry County, these estates being operated by nine ten- ants. In addition to these farms he is the owner of much valuable real estate in Elkin, and is ac- tively identified with its financial and business in- terests, being vice president of the Elkin National Bank and one of the directorate of the Elkin Furniture Company. Mr. Greenwood married, at the age of twenty- two years, Harriet L. Dozier, who was born in Booneville, North Carolina, a daughter of Dr. Nathan Dozier. Mr. and Mrs. Greenwood are the parents of six children, namely: Mabel, Andrew, Maude, Bessie, James and Philip. William Jordan Thigpen, M. D., physician and surgeon at Tarboro, entered the profession with the qualifications of a thorough education and profound natural talents and inclinations for his calling, and has become one of the best known members of the medical fraternity in Edgecombe County. He was born on a farm in Edgecombe County HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 189 June 5, 1875, son of Frank L. and Martha (Thig- pen) Thigpen. Much of his early education was supervised by the noted educator, Professor F. S. Wilkinson, and he began the study of medicine in the University of North Carolina, but finished in Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, where he graduated M. D. in May, 1900. Doe- tor Thigpen at once located and opened his of- fice at Tarboro and has had a large practice both in medicine and surgery. He is a former super- intendent of health of Edgecombe County, ex- county coroner, is a local surgeon of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway, is now president of the Edgecombe County Medical Society and a member of the staff of the Edgecombe General Hospital. He belongs to the Fourth District, the North Carolina State and Sea Board Medical societies and the American Medical Association. Doctor Thigpen has served as a member of the board of aldermen of Tarboro, is a director of the Edgecombe Homestead & Loan Associ- ation. He is a Eoyal Arch Mason, a past master of the Masonic Lodge, and a member of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. October 7, 1903, he married Miss L. Virginia Gray, of Norfolk, Virginia. Mrs. Thigpen is a graduate nurse and practiced her profession before her marriage. They have three children: Virginia Gray, Martha and Annie Snow. Walter Lyxdall Watsox. Admitted to the liar in February, 1895, Walter Lyndall Watson has now been an active member of the Raleigh bar for more than twenty years. He is a prominent and successful lawyer, and has given conscientious care and skillful service to his large clientage. In the line of his profession he has also rendered public service, having been city attorney of Raleigh for six years and police justice for twenty months until he resigned that office. He was born in Johnson County, North Caro- lina, near Smithfield, November 30, 1870, a son of Henry Lyndall and Fannie Eliza (Moore) Wat- son. His father was a merchant. He was edu- cated in the Academy at Salem and in the Raleigh Male Academy and carried on his law studies privately until he was admitted to practice. He is an active democrat and for four years was chairman of the Wake County Board of Elections. Fraternally he is a Mason. June 28, 1911, Mr. Watson married Miss Lily Sherrod of High Point, North Carolina. Col. George H. Hall, whose rank and title in- dicates his position in the United Confederate Veterans, Department of North Carolina, is pay- master general of the Army of Northern Virginia, United Confederate Veterans. He was a very small boy and one of the youngest Confederate soldiers. His life since the war has been spent in important business affairs. For many years he was in the lumber business in Eastern North Caro- lina and in later years has identified himself chiefly with agriculture in Robeson County. His home is at Red Springs. Colonel Hall was born at Fayetteville in Cumber- land County, in 1847, a son of Egbert and Susan (Hodges) Hall. His father was born in Con- necticut and was two years of age when the family moved to North Carolina and settled at Fayette- ville about 1830. The grandfather, John H. Hall, was a pioneer steamboat owner and operator on the Cape Fear River. For many years he was engaged in the extensive steamboat traffic between Fayetteville and Wilmington which made Fay- etteville a great trading center before the war and before the building of railroads. John H. Hall was a man of typical New England industry and eonstructiveness. He built either the first or the second cotton mill in Fayetteville, and de- veloped an industry for the manufacture of cotton yarns on an extensive scale. Not only in the paternal line did Colonel Hall inherit qualities of New England enterprise, but his maternal grandfather, George S. Hodges, was a distinguished engineer of Virginia. He helped build the original Fortress Monroe in Virginia. Some years before the war he removed to Fayette- ville and superintended the construction of the Fayetteville arsenal. This arsenal was taken over by the citizen soldiery of Fayetteville at the be- ginnirg of the war between the states. Colonel Hall was only sixteen years of age when he enlisted for service in the Confederate Army at Fayetteville. He joined Company B of the Thir- teenth Battalion of North Carolina Light Artil- lery, and made a most creditable record as a young soldier in the concluding months of the war. He was under the command of Col. J. B. Starr. After the war he turned his attention to business affairs and for a number of years was active in the timber and naval stores business throughout East- ern North Carolina. Eventually he concentrated his energies upon lumbering and developed that upon an extensive scale both as a manufacturer and dealer. Since 1887 Colonel Hall has had his home at Red Springs. He owns a fine farm in Robeson County near Red Springs, and has given his active supervision to its cultivation. He is in- terested in other business affairs and is a man of substance and influence. In the session of 1903 Colonel Hall represented Robeson County in the State Legislature. His name has frequently been before the people of the state in political action. Governor Vance gave him a commission in the North Carolina National Guard with the rank of lieutenant, and he was made a major in this service by Governor Jarvis. Colonel Hall married Miss Delia B. Woodward, of Cumberland County. Their six children com- prise an interesting family: The names of the chil- dren are, George H., James M., Charles, a mem- ber of the United States Army and now in France, Miss Alice, David and William. Williaji Lafavette Horah. An active, enter- prising and progressive business man of Salisbury, William L. Horah has contributed largely toward the advancement of the industrial and manufactur- ing interests of this section of the state, and as proprietor of the Meredith Hosiery Mill is num- bered among the leading manufacturers of the city. He was born in Salisbury, August 3, 1875, of dis- tinguished ancestry, being a lineal descendant of the immigrant ancestor, the line of descent being as follows: Henry, Hugh, William Henry, Rowan, and William Lafayette. Henry Horah was born in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry. A brave and gallant young man, he wooed and won fair Margaret Gardner, whose father, Lord Gardner, opposed the marriage. In consequence young Henry Horah, with his bride, came to America and settled as a pioneer in Rowan County, North Carolina, locating on a creek that was afterwards named in his honor. Securing a large tract of land, he improved the farm on which he and his wife spent their remaining years. They •reared three children, Henry, Hugh and Esther. 190 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA Henry married and reared one daughter, "who died unmarried. Esther became the wife of Col. James Brandon. Hugh Horah was born on the parental home- stead in Rowan County, but instead of continuing life as a farmer he learned the trade of a watch maker and repairer, and settled in Salisbury, where he continued in business until his death, at an advanced age. He was a man of considerable influence, his name being frequently mentioned in Rumple 's History of Eowan County. Prom that volume we learn that he was one of the guests at the ball given in honor of General Washington when he visited Salisbury in the spring of 1791. It also tells us that it was he who rang the court- house bell in March, 1815, when the people were celebrating the Treaty of Peace at the close of the Second War for Independence. He married Mary Moore, who, like him, lived to a good old age. Both were devout members of the Presby- terian Church. William Henry Horah, a native of Salisbury North Carolina, was the only child of his parents. He acquired a good education, and was a man of much executive and financial ability. Upon the organization of the Cape Pear Bank, he was elected cashier, and served acceptably until ill health com- pelled him to seek out-door employment. He had in the meantime invested largely in both city and farm property, and prior to the war managed his farms with slave help. He kept many sheep, and his slaves used to spin the w 7 ool, weave it into the material from which their clothing was made, fashioning, with assistance, their own garments at home. He continued his residence in Salisbury until his death, at the age of seventy-five years. He married Louisa Purr, who was born in Eowan County, a daughter of Tobias Purr. She died at the age of forty-five years, leaving twelve children, all of whom grew to years of maturity, as follows: Hugh, Robert, Mary Elizabeth, William Henry, John Murphy, James, Pranklin, Ann, Henry, Eowan, Joseph and George. George enlisted May 30, 1861, being commissioned second lieutenant in the Forty-sixth Regiment, North Carolina troops; on March 20, 1863, he was promoted to first lieuten- ant; and on May 5, 1864, at the Battle of the Wilderness, he was killed. Eowan Horah was born and bred in Salisbury, and as a young man was graduated from the Uni- versity of North Carolina. Instead of entering upon a professional career he went to Philadelphia to learn the cabinet maker 's trade. Upon com- pleting his apprenticeship he returned to Salisbury and engaged in the manufacture of furniture. He was a fine workman, and did custom work mostly, being kept busily employed. It was before the days of undertaking establishments, and he made most of the coffins needed in Salisbury and the surrounding country. He died at a comparatively early age, having been but fifty-four years old when called to the life beyond. He married Eosanna Earnhart, who was born at Gold Hill, Eowan County. She survived him, passing away at the age of sixty-nine years. She had one brother, Clark Earnhart, who enlisted in the Confederate army and died while in service. Her only sister, Jane Earnhart, married James Shaver. Mr. and Mrs. Eowan Horah were the parents of six chil- dren, as follows: Thomas, Robert, George, William Lafayette, Hugh and Daisy. William Lafayette Horah acquired a practical education in the public schools, and in 1890 entered the Eowan Knitting Mill, where he became familiar with the work of its every department. Going to Scotland Neck, Halifax Qounty, in 1894, he estab- lished a mill, which he operated successfully for four years. In May, 1898, he established a knitting mill at Payetteville, and continued its management until August, 1900. Going from there to Norfolk, Mr. Horah was for six months superintendent of the Virginia Knitting Mill. Eesigning that posi- tion, he established the Washington Knitting Mills, at Washington, North Carolina, and remained as superintendent of the plant until 1909. Disposing then of his interest in the mills, Mr. Horah went to Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and there established a mill which he operated until 1912, when he sold his interest in it. Coming in that year to Salis- bury, Mr. Horah established the Meredith Knitting Mill, of which he is the sole proprietor, and has since carried on an extensive and profitable business in the manufacture of hosiery, the products of his factory finding a ready sale in the principal markets of this section of the Union. Mr. Horah married in 1900 at Payetteville, An- nie Martin, who was born in that city, of early English ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Horah are the parents of two children. Jefferson Davis Bakdin. A lawyer by pro- fession and an honored member of the Wilson bar for over thirty years, Mr. Bardin has given the latter half of his professional career largely to official and public responsibilities. He is now serving as clerk of the Superior Court, to which he was first appointed August 14, 1916, and on December 4, 1916, was elected for the regular term of four years. He was born at Wilson October 6, 1860, a son of Benjamin Howell and Nancy (Eouudtree) Bar- din. His father was a well known farmer and merchant in Wilson County. , Mr. Bardin was educated in public schools, in Eutherford College, in the Wilson Collegiate In- stitute, and on October 6, 1885, graduated from the law department of the University of North Carolina, With his characteristic energy he at once entered upon his career as a lawyer at Wil- son, and had a growing general practice to look after until December, 1904. From June, 1891, to June, 1893, he had also filled the office of su- perintendent of public instruction of Wilson County. Mr. Bardin was elected clerk of the Superior Court in 1894 and filled the office continuously until 1906, when he resigned on account of ill health. For several years he resumed his private law business, and on July 15, 1915, was appointed judge of the Court of Wilson County and was the last incumbent of that office, which was abol- ished in November, 1915. Mr. Bardin is affili- ated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, and is president of the Wesley Bible Class of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Wil- son. He has been three times married. On January 3, 1886, he married Margaret Heloise Bristol, of Huntsville. Texas. She died Juno 20, 1890. On July 20. 1891, he married the sister of his first wife, Miss Lou B. Bristol, of Huntsville. This wife, the mother of his three children, died No- vember 12, 1909. The children arc: Susan Ma- rie, now Mrs. J. J. Thrower, of Red Springs, North Carolina: and Robert Malcolm and Benja- min Hump, twins, who are still pursuing their HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 191 studies. On May 18, 1910, Mr. Baidin married .Sallie Frances Colcy, a native of Chatham County, North Carolina. Alexander Hamilton Powell. There has scarcely been a semi-public enterprise undertaken at Oxford in recent years with which Alexander H. Powell has not had some active and influential connection. Mr. Powell is one of the leaders in business affairs in that city, and established his home at Oxford after a number of years in other states in the naval stores industry. However, he is a native of North Carolina, born in Columbus County August 2:!, 1877, a son of Alexander Franklin and Annie Eliza (Hamilton) Powell. His father was a merchant. Mr. Powell finished his literarry education in the Horner Mili- tary School at Oxford and in Wake Forest Col- lege, and from college he gained his early busi- ness experiences in the naval stores Industry at Mobile, Alabama, where he was located two years, was connected with the same business for two years at Chicago, and six years at New Orleans. On returning to North Carolina he established the Granville Real Estate & Trust Company at Oxford and is president and general manager of this business, operating extensively as dealers in real estate and the handling of insurance. Mr. Powell is also vice president of the Oxford Build- ing i^ Loan Association, is a director of the First National Bank, a director of the Oxford Buggy Company and a director of the Oxford Water & Ice Company. For three years he was a town commissioner, and is a member of the Board of Governors and former president of the Commercial Club and chairman of the local chapter of the Red Cross. Fraternally Mr. Powell is a member of the Royal Arch Chapter and a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Junior Order of United Ameri- can Mechanics and the Woodmen of the World. He is a member of the executive committee of the North Carolina Insurance Agents Association, and for a number of years has been a director and one of the leading spirits in the organization and promotion of the work of the Granville County Agricultural Association. He is also a member of the board of stewards of the First Methodist Episcopal Church at Oxford. May 4, 1904, he married Miss Nelle Currin of Oxford, daughter of James Madison and Cornelia P. (Cooch) Currin. Her father has long been identified with the tobacco business, and is a buyer for the American Tobacco Company. Hon. Samuel Fbancis Austin. During a period of twenty-two years Hon. Samuel Francis Austin has been one of the most prominent citizens of Nashville. As one of the leading members of the Nash County liar and for several years as county judge, he evidenced legal knowledge and ability of the highest character; as a business man in control of large interests he has proven the breadth of his capacity and the keenness of his foresight ; as the incumbent of numerous public offices within the gift of the people he has demonstrated execu- tive powers and a conscientious desire to give the community and the people good government ; and in the every day affairs of life he has discharged the duties and responsibilities of citizenship in a manner that has left no doubt as to his public spirit and civic pride. Judge Austin was born September 20, 1869, in Johnston County, North Carolina, a son of Joseph and Sarah (Young) Austin, well known and highly respected farming people of that county. His early education came from the Smithfield public schools, following which he entered the University of North Carolina, and was graduated in the aca- demic course with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1893, and in the law department with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1895. For about a year he taught school at Elizabeth City, but in the fall of 1895 came to Nashville, was admitted to the bar, and at once entered upon a career that has carried him to high places and much honor. His ability and knowledge of the law brought him prominently before the people ere he had been at Nashville long, and he was almost immediately called upon to fill positions of an official character. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1904 and rendered able service, being known as one of the working members of that body, and also served as county recorder, a position which he holds at this time, and as county superintendent of public instruction for two years. He was likewise mayor of Nashville for two terms, giving the people an excellent administration on both occasions and was then elected county judge, an office in which his legal acumen and wise decisions won com- mendation from bench, bar and public. In 1911 he returned to private practice and is now in the enjoyment of a lucrative professional business, with an important and representative clientele. His interest in public education has always been evidenced, and until his election as county super- intendent he was a member of the board of trustees of the graded schools from its organiza- tion. He is still a willing and generous supporter of all movements for the betterment of the school system. Judge Austin was one of the organizers of the Bank of Nashville, of which he was cashier for several years, and was then elected to his pres- ent position of president, in which capacity his pronounced financial ability has done much to make this one of the sound and stable institutions of the county. He is likewise president of the Nash Supply Company, a general merchandise concern of Nashville; of the Austin-Stephenson Company, another large mercantile house, located at Smith- field, and of the Warren Milling Company. He is a member of the firm of Austin & Batchelor, horse and mule dealers, and a prominent director of the Underwriters Fire Insurance Company of Rocky Mount. He likewise has large farming interests, being the owner of 600 acres of valuable land. In business and financial circles his reputation is of the highest order, and his integrity in transactions has never been questioned. Judge Austin is a member of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Knights of Pythias. He is district steward of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has shown an active and energetic interest in religious matters, being at this time the teacher of the Wesley Bible Class. Judge Austin was married January 14, 190.1. to Miss Ida Batchelor, of Nashville, daughter of Van Buren Batchelor, who laid out the original Town of Nashville and was for many years one of this community 's most prominent men. Judge and Mrs. Austin are the parents of two daughters, namely: Jackie Marie and Maud Rebecca. James Hodge Krider. Well and widely known as sheriff of Rowan County, James H. Krider, of Salisbury, is a. man of prominence among the county officials, possessing in a marked degree the 192 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA discretion, trustworthiness and force of character requisite for the responsible position he has so efficiently filled since he was called to its duties in 1914. A son of James Hodge Krider, Sr., he was born November 25, 1885, on a farm in Mount Ulla Township, Rowan County. His paternal grandfather, Rev. Barnabas Scott Krider, was a Presbyterian clergyman, held pas- torates in Thyratira, Unity, Franklin and Joppa, in each place building up and enlarging the church membership. Owning and occupying a farm in Steele Township, he there spent the closing years of his long and useful life. His wife, whose maiden name was Maria Cowan, was a life-long resident of Rowan County, her death occurring on the home farm. Of their six children, two sons and four daughters, Barnabas S. is the only child now living, in 1917. James Hodge Krider, Sr., was born in Steele Township, Rowan County, and obtained his educa- tion in the district school. Leaving the home farm at the age of eighteen years to accept the position of deputy sheriff, he continued in that official capacity, by reappointment, through several ad- ministrations. In 1904 he was elected sheriff of Rowan County, and served a term of two years. He died May 14, 1909, an honored and respected citizen. The maiden name of his first wife, mother of the subject of this sketch, was Agnes Graham. She was born in Rowan County, a daughter of John Graham, a planter. She passed to the higher life in 1892, leaving four children, as follows: John B., Marie, James Hodge, Jr., and Annie A. The father subsequently married for his second wife Ida Carson. She died at a comparatively early age, leaving four children, Louise; Myrtle; and Claudine and Alliene, twins. After leaving the district schools James Hodge Krider continued his studies for a few months in the Salisbury schools. At the age of fifteen years be began his career of usefulness as delivery clerk in a grocery store, where for four months he was kept busy. Becoming then messenger boy for the Postal TelegTaph Company, he learned telegraphy, and having obtained a position with the Western Union Telegraph Company Mr. Krider was made assistant telegraph operator at Salisbury, and held the position until he was elected sheriff of Rowan County in 1914. Filling the position ably and acceptably to all concerned, he was re-elected to the same position in 1916, for another term of two years. Mr. Krider married, in April, 1909, Hattie M. Julian, a daughter of George , W. and Alice (Fisher) Julian. Three children have been born of their union, James H., Kerr Julian and Ruth. Religiously Mr. and Mrs. Krider belone to the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally Mr. Krider is a member of Salisbury Council No. 26, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. John Fletcher Bruton. While a lawyer by profession and for over thirty years identified with the bar at Wilson, Mr. Bruton is widely known over this part of the South for his varied inter- ests in other affairs and particularly in banking. Mr. Bruton is a class A director in the Federal Reserve Bank at Richmond, Virginia, and has been on the board of directors since the organ- ization of that institution. He is also promi- nent as a banker and business man at Wilson. Mr. Bruton was born in Wcntworth, North Car- olina, May 29, 1861. His early life was not one of luxury and lie had to work for his edu- cation and secure his position in professional life largely unaided. His father was a Methodist min- ister for over forty years, active and influential in the church, though like all ministers he never became wealthy. Mr. Bruton is a son of David Rasberry and Margaret G. (Nixon) Bruton. His father was also a native of North Carolina. Mr. Bruton was educated in the Bingham Mili- tary School and also took part of his law course in the University of North Carolina. In August, 1881, he came to Wilson as principal of the graded schools and in January, 1883, was made superin- tendent of the local schools. While teaching he read law, and in the fall of 1884 was admitted to the bar and began general practice at Wilson. Mr. Bruton practiced actively for many years, but his professional work is now confined to office consultation. Iji 1895 he was elected president of the First National Bank of Wilson and in 1902 he organ- ized the Wilson Trust and Savings Bank, of which he has since been president. He is also vice president of the North Carolina Home In- surance Company and a director of the Hackney Wagon Company. Colonel Bruton served as mayor of Wilson three years and for a similar time was chairman of the County Board of Education. For ten years he was actively connected with the North Car- olina National Guard, and during four years of that time was colonel of the Second Regiment. He has served as grand master of the North Car- olina Independent Order of Odd Fellows and as- sisted in building the Odd Fellows Home at Goldsboro. He is a trustee of Trinity College at Durham, and is a steward and trustee in the First Methodist Episcopal Church, South, of Wil- son, and was a delegate to the conferences of that church at Birmingham, Alabama, Asheville, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia. Colonel Bruton while in college became a member of the Alpha Tau Omega Greek letter fraternity. On November 17, 1887, he married Miss Hattie T. Barnes, of Wilson, daughter of John T. Barnes. They have two sons : John Barnes, of Wilson ; and Howard Barnes, who is connected with the First National Bank of Wilson. Joseph Fanning Ford since beginning practice in the law at Asheville twelve years ago has thor- oughly justified his own choice of a profession and the anticipation of his friends that his suc- cess would be out of the ordinary. He was born in Haywood County, North Caro- lina, October 28, 1879, son of William P. and Sarah (Wines) Ford. His father was a farmer and stockman and the son grew up in a country environment. He attended district schools, the Clyde High School, the Bryson City High School, and his higher literary education was obtained in Carson-Newman College and in the law department of the University of North Carolina. Mr. Ford began practice at Asheville in 1906, and for several years, until 1909, was associated with that eminent lawyer and public leader, James J. Britt, under the firm name of Britt & Ford. In 1912 Mr. Ford became a partner with Charles G. Lee in the firm of Lee & Ford, and they command their share of the best business at the disposal of the local bar. Mr. Ford is candidate for the constitutional convention on the republican ticket from Buncombe Countv, North Carolina, in the election of 1918. He is a member of the Asheville Bar Association /fa/£f ^/frrz^z/? HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 197 his business affairs. Mr. Townsend resides at Red Springs in Robeson County, and is now serving as mayor of that city. He represents one of the old Scotch families that settled in this section of North Carolina be- fore the Revolutionary war. He was born near Laurinburg, in what was then Richmond but is now Scotland County, in 1863, a son of Solomon R. and Hannah (Baldwin) Townsend. Both par- ents are now deceased. Both his grandfather and his great-grandfather were named Solomon R. Townsend, and the great-grandfather is buried near Lilesville in Anson County. Solomon R. Townsend, father of Benjamin W., was bom on the Pee Dee River in Richmond County, served in the Conled- erate Army throughout the war in Lane 's Brigade, being mustered out at High Point, and about 1886 removed from Richmond County to Red Banks in Robeson County, and died in 1914. Mr. Benja- min W. Townsend was named for his uncle, who as a Confederate soldier was killed at the battle of Cedar Mountain. Mr. Townsend was a boyhood and young man- hood friend of the well known poet, the late John Charles MacNeill, with whom he attended school at Spring Hill in what is now Scotland County. He also attended the Famous Bingham Military School under Colonel Bingham at Mebane. Mr. Townsend removed to Red Springs in 1895 and for many years has been one of the leading busi- ness men and farmers in that section of Robeson County. He has many large interests, including a fine farm of 600 acres adjoining Red Springs on the west. He is also owner of considerable valuable property in the city itself. He has been a stockholder and director in the Bank of Red Springs since it was organized, and in everything that concerns the welfare of that town he takes a most public spirited interest. In 1912 Mr. Townsend was elected mayor and was reelected in 1914 and again in 1916, and his administra- tion has been both efficient and practical. Fra- ternally he is a member of the Masonic Order and Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Townsend married Miss Janie Robeson MaeMillan. Her father, the late Hon. Hamilton MaeMillan of Fayetteville, North Carolina, was a lawyer by profession, but was best known as a writer and historian. He was particularly noted as an authority on the history of the Croatan Indians of North Carolina. His publications giv- ing the results of his researches and investiga- tions on that subject are extensively quoted in the government reports on those Indians. He was a very erudite scholar and had a great gift as a writer. Mrs. Townsend is a descendant through her mother of Peter Robeson, who was a Revolu- tionary soldier from North Carolina and for whose family Robeson County is named. The Robesons originally settled on the Cape Fear River in Bladen County. Mr. and Mrs. Townsend have two chil- dren: William Bartram, who is a lieutenant in the United States Army and now in France ; and Hannah Baldwin Townsend. "Walter Farmer Woodard, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest son, having been born Sep- tember 14, 1864, of Warren and Jerusha Woodard. His father, born April 16, 1826, and died March 22, 1903, was for many years one of the leading citizens of Wilson County. Warren Woodard, as was also his wife, was one of the large landowners of Wilson County. Both the Woodard family and the Farmer family are descended from a' long and useful line of these names. Both families were primarily engaged in agriculture, and both families have always been identified with education in their communities. Both the Woodards aud the Farmers have been staunch members of the Primi- tive Baptist Church for generations. Mr. Wood- ard, on both his paternal aud maternal side, traces his ancestry back through the Revolutionary period. Mr. Woodard attended the Wilson Collegiate Institute, one of the leading educational institu- tions of the state at the time, and at whose head was Professor Sylvester Hassell, a distinguished educator of North Carolina, and afterward went to R-andolph-Macon College, and attended the University of Virginia in 1885. From inheritance and training Mr. Woodard is a reading ' man, being interested in history, specially in regard to local matters, genealogy and the literature of agriculture. After returning from the University of Virginia he evinced a lively interest in farming, and at all times since, although engaged in business enterprises, agriculture has been his real object in life. In 1890 the cultivation of tobacco began in Wilson County and other parts of Eastern North Carolina, and Mr. Wooda'rd became not only in- terested in the cultivation of the plant, but in the sale of it, and established and built the first ware- house for the sale of leaf tobacco in the Town of Wilson, known for many years as the Woodard Warehouse, and was actively engaged in this business until 1908. Today the Town of Wilson is one of the leading loose leaf tobacco markets of the World, the sales aggregating from 30,000,000 to 35,000,000 pounds per annum. Mr. Woodard was the first president of the Farmers ' Alliance of Wilson County, having been elected such as a young man in 1887. He has served as alderman of the town and in 1915 was elected a member of the Board of County Com- missioners and became chairman of the board, and was reelected in 1917. Mr. Woodard is closely identified with the . banking interests of his community and with the social life in it, taking a lively interest in all matters tending to the up-building of it. As chairman of the Board of County Commis- sioners he has devoted considerable study to the question of road building and general county finances, taxation and county matters in general. As a land owner he has a keen appreciation of the importance of rural transportation and of good roads in relation to the material, social and educational life of the rural districts. Since the outbreak of the great war, as chairman of the County Council of National Defense and as food administration of the county, he has shown a lively interest in the promotion of the interests for which these organizations stand, and has done no little to arouse the patriotism and enthusiasm of his countrymen. On June 10, 1897, Mr. Woodard was married to Miss Mattie Hadley, daughter of Thomas J. and Sarah Saunders Hadley, of Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Woodard have three children, Mattie Hadley Woodard, Thomas Hadley and Louise. Mrs. Woodard, like Mr. Woodard, is descended from straight American stock. Her father, Thomas J. Hadley, was born in that part of Wil- son County, which was then Wayne County, on July 9, 1838. He was educated at the University of North Carolina, and immediately after his 198 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA graduation, enlisted in the Confederate Army. He was lirst lieutenant ; was wounded twice, once at Falling Water and the other in the Battle of the Wilderness. Upon recovering from his last wound, he was promoted for bravery and ability to a captaincy, which office he held until the close of war. He was present at many of the celebrated battles of the Civil war, among which is Gettys- burg. His grandfather, Thomas Hadley, repre- sented his home town of Campbelltown, now Fayetteville, in the Provincial Congress, which met in Halifax November 12, 1776. After serv- ing his term in the Provincial Congress, he entered the Provincial Army and attained the rank of captain, and was killed by a band of tories, while home on a leave of absence. Mrs. Woodard is a member of the State Board of Charities and Public Welfare ; the Womans ' Club of Wilson, and is president of the John W. Dunham Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Francis Marion Harper. For nearly thirty years one of the active and able educators of North Carolina, Francis Marion Harper is now superin- tendent of the City and Raleigh Township public school system. His is one. of the best known names in the state among school workers. He is a man of thorough scholarship, a great executive, and in all the various positions he has held has worked faithfully to. lay a broad and solid foundation to the state school system. Professor Harper started out with the intention of becoming a business man. It was his associa- tions while a student at the University of North Carolina that turned him into educational fields. He has always felt grateful to the influence that emanated from that institution and from his teachers there, and the deep impression created by the high standards of the university gave a permanent, trend to his useful and productive career. A native of North Carolina, born at Newbern in Craven County, November 27, 1865, he is a son of Francis and Mary Elizabeth (Croom) Harper. His father was a planter at Newbern, also a native of North Carolina, and shortly after, the close of the Civil war was sheriff of Craven County for one term during Governor Worth 's administration. Reared in Lenoir County, Francis M. Harper attended the LeGrange Academy, the first graded school established at Newbern, and from 1884 to 1888 was a student in the University of North Carolina, where he graduated in the latter year with the degree Ph. B. As an educator he did his first work at. Raleigh, where he spent a year in the Murphy School, and in the third year be- came principal of the Centennial School, a post he held two years. After that for two years he was assistant superintendent of the schools at Dawson, Georgia, and from 189.1 to 1907 was assistant superintendent of the public schools of Athens, Georgia. While in Georgia he had charge for two years of the organization of the University of Georgia Summer School. Since 1907 Professor Harper has been superin- tendent of the city and township schools at Raleigh. Here he has done his greatest service, and the city school system today reflects his progressive ability and his wise administration. In 1896 Mr. Harper received the Master of Arts degree from the University of Georgia, and has also taken post-graduate work in the University of Chicago. As a member of the National Educational Association he has attended all its annual meet- ings since he began teaching, and in that time has made four trips to the coast. He is also prominent in the North Carolina State Teachers' Association and was appointed by this association as delegate to represent North Carolina in the National Edu- cational Association, and has served as director of the latter body. He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He has written and edited a large number of articles that have appeared in educational journals and also in the current press. Mr. Harper is a democrat, and is a deacon of the First Presbyterian Church at Raleigh. On August. 1, 1896, he married Clara Hodges, of Linden, North Carolina. Mrs. Harper is a daughter of John Murehison and Sallie (McNeill) Hodges. Her father was a planter. They are the parents of two children : Francis Marion, Jr., a student in the Raleigh High School; and Sara Croom, who is also a high school student. David Franklin Williajis. Energetic and en- terprising, and liberally endowed with business ability and tact, David F. Williams, of Linwood, North Carolina, has been variously employed, at the present time, in 1917, being actively identified with the lumber interests of this part of David- son County, as a dealer in lumber having built up a satisfactory trade. A son of James Mon- roe Williams, he was born, November 5, 1889, on a farm in Davie County, near Fork Church. He is descended from an early pioneer of David- son County, his great-great-grandfather, John A. Williams, a cannoneer in the Revolutionary war, having settled in this section of the state, on the Yadkin River, just five miles below the his- toric, cut and cave of the pioneer Boone, on com- ing to North Carolina from Maryland in 1803. William Williams, Mr. Williams' great-grand- father, located on a farm in Tyro Township, where he spent his life as a tiller of the soil. Madison A. Williams, Mr. Williams' grandfa- ther, was reared to agricultural pursuits, and as a young man located on a farm in Tyro Town- ship, where he lived for a number of seasons, and then being seized with the wanderlust he with three of his brothers, Anderson, Stokes and Wil- liam, migrated to Missouri, making the removal with teams and taking with him his household goods and driving his stock. Not content to set- tle in Missouri, he secured an Indian scout as a guide, and with teams continued his journey to Texas, prospecting as he went. That part of the country not appealing to him, he returned to Missouri, where he had left his brothers and family, and for seven years lived in the vicinity of Sedalia. Later, leaving his brothers, he came back to his old home in Tyro Township, where his wife, whose maiden name was Polly Williams, died. He is still living. Succeeding to the free and independent occu- pation of his forefathers, James Monroe Williams began farming on his own account in Davie County, North Carolina, where he remained sev- eral years. Removing to Rowan County, he bought land near Salisbury and began its improvement. Selling that a few years later he came to David- son County and located in Cotton Grove Town- ship, where he has since been actively and suc- cessfully employed in agricultural pursuits. He has made wise investments, now owning in ail- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 199 dition to lci> home farm two other farming es- tates, which he operates with tenants. He mar- ried Minnie Belle Owen, a daughter of Billy and Mary (Snider) Owen, her father having been an expert mechanic and engineer. Eleven children were born of their marriage, as follows: David Franklin, Henry Carl, Benlah Belle, ' William Lnndy, Charlie Sylvester, Mary Jane, James Monroe, Jr., Luther Madison, Fred Marvin, Edna Verna and Jessie Lee. After his graduation from the Churchland High School David F. Williams took a commercial course ;it Wood's College in Washington, District of Co- lumbia. He subsequently taught school three years, and then accepted an appointment as clerk in the Department of Commerce and Labor in Washington, District of Columbia, and while thus employed was manager of the Arizona Hotel. Two years later, on account of ill health, Mr. Wil- liams resigned his clerkship and returned to Cot- ton Grove Township, Davidson County, and hav- ing purchased a good farm was actively and profitably engaged in tilling the soil until 1914, when he was appointed postmaster at Linwood. Mr. Williams removed to Linwood, and during the same year embarked in the lumber business, which he has since carried on with satisfactory re- sults. Mi. Williams married, in 1911, Miss Lula E. Strange, of Salisbury, North Carolina, a daugh- ter of Robert F. and Ida Adella CByerly) Strange. Two children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Williams, Ruth LaVern and William Elsey. Religiously Mr. and Mrs. Williams are attendants of the Old School Baptist Church. William Redi\" Kirk. M. D. A recognized au- thority and specialist in diseases of the lungs and throat, Doctor Kirk has enjoyed a high place of prominence in the profession in both the states of Kentucky and North Carolina, and has been a resident of Hendersonville since 1901. He was born at Owensboro, Kentucky, August 25, 1870, son of James William Redin and Mary (Watkinsl Kirk. His father gave most of his life to farming but for some years was in the bond brokerage business. Doctor Kirk had a high school education and his first ambition was to be- come a pharmacist. To that end he studied and received a diploma in 1889 from the Louisville College of Pharmacy. He was at that time only nineteen years old and in the meantime his am- bitious scope 'had broadened to include the pro- fession of medicine. He took his medical courses in the Medical Department of the Central Univer- sity of Louisville, where he was graduated in 1891, at the age of twenty-one. He forthwith engaged in a general practice at Louisville, and had some valuable preliminary experience as visit- ing surgeon of the Louisville. City Hospital. He also was prominent in the establishment of the Jimmy Ca«saday Infirmary for Women of Louis- ville, which he served as assistant gynecologist. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American war Doctor Kirk enlisted and as a surgeon was assigned some very responsible and important duties with the army of occupation on the Island of Porto Rico. He was given charge of the vaccine farm, hail active supervision of the manufacture of vaccine, and was also one of the army officials entrusted with carrying out what probably stands today as the largest order of the kind ever issued, for the vaccination of 1.030,000 persons on the island. He also had service in the Philippines as surgeon with the regular army. Before his army service Doctor Kirk served as adjunct professor of gynecology and abdominal surgery with the Hospital College of Medicine and later was professor of Physiological Physics in the Kentucky School of Medicine. While in the army his rank was Acting Assistant Surgeon. It was a breakdown of health that brought Doc- tor Kirk to Hendersonville, North Carolina, and for several years while recuperating he did little practice. His experience has led him more and more to specialize in disease of the chest and lungs and some years ago he established at Hender- sonville the first sanitarium for the treatment of tubercular troubles in that county or in South- western North Carolina. He is also one of the founders and is a trustee of the Patton Memorial Hospital at Hendersonville. Doctor Kirk has been very active in medical organizations, particularly the Tenth District Med- ical Society, of which he has twice been president. He was elected president for a second time in 1918. He is also a member of the North Carolina State Medical Society, the Tri-State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association, and is a member of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis and the North Carolina Association for the Prevention of Tuber- culosis. April 19, 1916, he was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has contributed many reports and formal articles to medieal journals on tubercular subjects, one of which was an address read before the Tenth District Medical Society on the title: ' ' Humane Management of the Tuberculous. ' ' In November, 1917, Doctor Kirk was chosen chair- man of the Southern Tuberculosis Association, a society comprising all the southern states. Litera- ture has always been an important diversion with Doctor Kirk, and among other writings he has indulged occasionally in poetry, which has found much favor. Some of his verse have been widely printed and circulated, especially the lines en- titled ' ' Cross of Red on a Field of White. ' ' Doctor Kirk is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, and is a former vestry- man of St. James Episcopal Church. He served as treasurer of the church for several years. In May, 1904, he married Miss Josephine Egerton, of Hendersonville. J. Scroop Styles, a well known Asheville law- yer, gained extended reputation and prominence in his profession through his several years of active service as a special attorney for the Department of Justice. The duties of this position called him to all parts of the United States, and he was con- nected with the investigation and general handling of a number of federal cases that have attracted attention in recent years. The record of Mr. Styles is one of stimulating experience and achievement. He was born in Jackson County, North Carolina, February 19, 1882, a son of John Wesley and Nancy (Sellers) Styles. He spent his early boyhood on his father's farm, attended the district schools to the age of thirteen, and from that time forward shifted for himself, working as a farm hand and in other lines of employment to make a living, studying at night, and in" the course of time had qualified for the position of a country school teacher. He followed that occupation for seven years during 200 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA winter time and during the summer seasons at- tended school to complete his own education. In 1901 he graduated from Rutherford College and in 1903 from Weaverville College. In 1903 Mr. Styles was elected president of Boon's Creek College, the oldest academic and collegiate institu- tion in the State of Tennessee. He was head of the school for one year and in 1904-05 was princi- pal of the high school at Democrat in Buncombe County, North Carolina. While teaching in Tennessee Mr. Styles was admitted to the Tennessee bar and in February, 1905, was admitted to practice in North Carolina. He is now member of the bars of North Carolina, Tennessee, Wash- ington, Idaho, California and Montana. After qualifying as a lawyer Mr. Styles prac- ticed at Asheville from 1905 to 1908, following which he spent one year at Seattle, Washington. He had a promising law business in the Northwest, but on account of his wife 's health abandoned it and returned to North Carolina. He resumed a general practice at Asheville in 1910 and carried it forward until 1913, when he was appointed special attorney for the Department of Justice. He was especially employed in the investigation and prosecution of eases involving infringment of the Sherman Anti-Trust Law. He had charge of the investigation of the cotton seed oil in- dustries, of the American Tobacco Company, of the Armour Rate ease and others. It was an interesting service, but one which involved con- tinued absence from his home state, to the neglect of his private law practice, and in 1916 he resigned and again reentered private practice at Asheville. Mr. Styles has been quite prominent in demo- cratic politics in the state, in 1912-14 was chair- man of the Executive Committee of the Tenth Congressional District, and for a time was secre- tary to the committee on postofiiee appropriations at Washington. He is a member of the North Carolina and American Bar associations and is affiliated with the Masonic Order, is a past noble grand of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and a member of the Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica. He teaches the Woman's Bible Class in the Sunday School of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Asheville. Mr. Styles has an interesting family connec- tion, Abraham Lincoln having been his great- uncle on the maternal side. Mr. Styles married in Buncombe County, December 23, 1903, Miss Eloise Frisbee. They have four children: James S., Jr., Ralph Emerson, Martha Virginia and William Marion. Besides his law business Mr. Styles is a farmer and extensive land owner. His principal farm comprises 236 acres in Bun- combe County, and he gives much personal at- tention to its management and raises a number of blooded cattle. He also has a half interest in a large ranch of 1,631 acres in Cascade County, Montana. This is a wheat and cattle proposition, and in 1918 600 acres were planted to wmeat. He also owns 100 acres in Laurel County, Ken- tucky, this being a hay farm. Paul Otto Schallert, M. D. An accomplished physician of Winston-Salem and in the enjoyment of a large and steadily increasing practice, Doctor Schallert is a gentleman of thorough culture, and besides his attainments in his profession has varied interests that make him esteemed and valued by his large circle of friends. Doctor Schallert is a northern man by birth and training, and his early years of practice were in his native state of Wisconsin. He was born near Watertown in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, on March 5, 1879. All his ancestors were of German birth. His grandfather, Michael Schallert, was born at Lehman 's Hoef el, in the Province of Bran- denburg. Prussia, September 29, 1811, and was of Polish ancestry. His great-grandfather, Martin Schallert, father of Michael Schallert, having fought for Polish freedom against Russia, was com- pelled to flee from Poland with four other brothers on account of the failure of the war to establish a free Poland. All the brothers wandered into Ger- many, where many of their descendants are still living. Michael Schallert served an apprentice- ship at the cabinet maker's trade and followed that occupation for a few years, afterward be- coming a dealer in poultry and live stock. In 1856 he brought his family to America. He was accompanied by his wife and five children. The voyage was made in a sailing vessel, and it required eight weeks and four days between ports. At that time many thousands of German people had found their way to the new State of Wisconsin, and Michael Schallert established his home in one of the favorite sections of the German population in Southern Wisconsin, in Jefferson County. Locat- ing at Watertown, he followed his trade in that community the rest of his life. He died at the advanced age of ninety-one. His wife, whose maiden name was Dorathea Wurl, was a native of Brandenburg, and she died at the age of eighty- nine, after they had enjoyed married companionship for fifty -nine years. She reared five children: William F., Charles, Mrs. Sophia Boetcher, Mrs. Amelia Hasse and Mrs. Maria Lehmann. William F. Schallert, father of Doctor Schallert, was born at Lehman's Hoef el in the Province of Brandenburg, May 22, 1836. His education was acquired in the local schools of his native country, and he was twenty when he came with his father's family to the United States. In Wisconsin he learned the cabinet maker's trade and followed it along with farming until the Civil war. During the war he served in the Seventeenth Wisconsin Infantry, and lived up to the reputation of the Schallert German-American citizenship for loyalty to their adopted country in that critical struggle. He was a participant in many battles, and was with Sherman's army on its march through Georgia to the sea and thence up through the Carolinas and Virginia to Washington. He marched in the Grand Review at Washington after the close of hostilities. On securing his honorable discharge he returned to Watertown and for a time followed his trade, but then invested in a farm five miles south from Watertown and made farming his chief vocation. He died January 17, 1918, in his eighty-second year, after a brief illness. He was buried at Johnson Creek, Jefferson County, Wis- consin. William F. Schallert married Frederika Floren- tina Volkman. She was born November 5, 1841, at Reetz in the Province of Pomerania in East Prussia. Her father, whose ancestry originated near Memel at the Russian boundary, was a mem- ber of the Black Hussars in the German army, and his death resulted from injuries received in the service. He left a widow, whose maiden name was Blazins and whose father, Daniel Frederick, was born in Bohemia. He also left six children, and the widowed mother came with them to Amer- ica, arriving June 8, 1855, after an ocean trip on an old sail boat lasting six weeks and two days. Her sons were named Charles, August and Henry. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 201 Her three daughters were Albertina Sehwanke, Wilhelmina Homan and Frederika Florentina. The mother of Doctor Schallert died at the age of sixty- four, having reared six children: Herman, Emma, who married Otto Marens, of Chicago, Illinois; Martha, who married Aloys Beisehel, of Greensboro, North Carolina; William, Jr.; Paul Otto and Frank Richard. In a district of Wisconsin noted for its dairy farms and varied agricultural industry Doctor Schallert spent his early youth. He attended the rural schools, and having determined to secure a liberal education he subsequently attended the Northern Illinois Normal School at Dixon, from which he graduated in 1897, and was also graduated from the Indiana Normal School at Marion in 1899, with the B. S. and M. A. degrees. He then entered the University of Illinois, where he completed the literary course in 1900, and continued in the medi- cal department of that university at Chicago, where he secured his M. D. degree in 1904. Doctor Schal- lert began practice at Wrightstown, Wisconsin, where he remained five years, and for another year was located at Johnson Creek in his native county, where he also owned a drug store. Doctor Schallert came to Winston-Salem in 1910, and almost from the start has had a profitable practice and his business is now about all that he can attend to. He is an active member of the Forsyth County and North Carolina State Medical societies, also of the American Medical Association, and has fraternal associations with Salem Lodge, No. 289, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, South Side Council, No. 88, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Twin City Camp, No. 27, Woodmen of the World, and with the Modern Woodmen of America. Doctor Schallert has always been fond of outdoor life and of natural science. He is a member of the National Geographic Society, of the American Historical Association, of the Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science, and is a member and president of the Audubon Society of Winston-Salem. Other memberships that indicate favorite interests are in the Child Labor Federation of America, American Social Hygiene Association, and Nature Club of America. He also holds membership in several associations whose aim is for world 's peace. Doctor and Mrs. Schallert are active members of the Trinity Morav- ian Church, where both are teachers in the Sunday school, the doctor teaching the Men 's Bible class. He was married in 1904 to Miss Grace Jackson. Mrs. Schallert was born at Bogota, Jasper County, Illinois, daughter of Peter and Nancy (Honey) Jackson. Her ancestors came from Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and South Carolina, and were of Duteh-Scotch-Irish ancestry. Mrs. Schal- lert is a graduate of the Indiana Normal School, and while a student there met Doctor Schallert. They are the parents of four children: Marion Vespera, Dorothy Amaryllis, Paul Otto, Jr., and Nancy Elizabeth. Doctor Schallert also took mili- tary training of which he was very fond and once held a commission as second lieutenant in the Illi- nois National Guard. Albert Franklin Wiiliams, M. D. A phy- sician and surgeon of wide repute, located at Wilson, Doctor Williams distinguished himself even when in university as a scientific investigator, and was formerly an instructor at Chapel Hill in the subject of biology. Since begining active prac- tice he has enjoyed most of the honors and suc- cesses bestowed upon the physician and surgeon of ability. Doctor Williams was born in Kenansville in Duplin County, North Carolina, October 24, 1874, son of Albert Franklin and Rossie (Jarmon) Williams. His father was a farmer. Doctor Wil- liams attended private schools in Kenansville and in 1891 graduated from Homers Military Academy. Before the end of his first year at Homers Mili- tary School he was promoted from private to cor- poral and during his second and last year to sergeant-major of battalion. He finished at Hom- ers with second honors. Entering the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, he received his A. B. degree in 1897. He also was accorded a special diploma by the University in the Department of Biology, and for two years he was retained as an instructor in that subject. In May, 1901, Doctor Williams graduated M. D. from the University of Maryland Medical Department, and at once began a general practice at Kenansville, but in 1904 re- moved to Wilson. His work has been in the general field of medicine and surgery, but for 5% years most of his time has been taken up with the Wilson Sanitarium, which with Dr. E. T. Dickinson he purchased in February, 1913, buying Dr. C. E. Moore 's interest. Doctor Williams is secretary and treasurer of the hospital, which is conducted as a general hospital, and furnishes a service the equal of any institution of its kind in this part of the state. Doctor Williams is a member of the Wilson County, the Fourth District, the Seaboard, the North Carolina State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. He belongs to the Wilson Country Club and the Commonwealth Club, is a Knight Templar Mason and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. October 25, 1905, he married Miss Margaret Hadley, daughter of John C. and Mary E. Hadley, of Wilson. They have four children: Mary Mil- licent, Albert Franklin, third, Margaret Hadley and Gretchen. J. Arthur Dosher, M. D. In a perusal of the roster containing the names of the men who have attained distinction in the medical profession, well to the forefront will be found that of Dr. J. Arthur Dosher, of Southport. In any of the various pursuits of life success unfailingly chal- lenges the admiration of the world. It matters not whether it be in the professions, in business, in public, military or civil life, success is the one distinguishing and sought-for characteristic of all transactions. In the medical profession Doctor Dosher has distinguished himself, and has dem- onstrated the fact that to the man of merit be- longs the full measure of success and worldly prosperity. He has figured for a number of years as a prominent representative of the medical fra- ternity of this part of North Carolina, and his labors have been appreciated not alone by his private clientele, but by the county and state, which have honored him by appointments to posi- tions of honor and high responsibility. J. Arthur Dosher was born at Southport, Bruns- wick County, North Carolina, April 3, 1878, and is a son of J. Julius and Mary A. (Pinner) Dosher. His father, who was a pilot for many years and well known to the river men and coast captains, is now deceased. After attending the public, schools and a private school at Southport, J. Arthur Dosher was sent to the Maryland Col- lege of Pharmacy, from which he duly grad- uated with the class of 1900, and then continued 202 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA his studies as a student at the Baltimore (Mary- land) Medical College. When he received his de- gree of Doctor of Medicine in 1903 Doctor Dosher at once returned to Southport, where he entered upon the general practice of his profession, in which he built up a large patronage. As the years passed, however, he gave more and more of his time to surgery, until it may now be said that he is a specialist in this branch of his pro- fession, a field in which he has won much more than a local reputation. Doctor Dosher is a mem- ber of the Brunswick County Medical Society, the District Medical Society, the Tri-State Medi- cal Society, the Southern Medical Association, the North Carolina Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Since 1903 he has been county superintendent of health for Brunswick County, and for several years has been city physi- cian of Southport. He is also acting assistant surgeon of the United States Public Health Serv- ice, and in October, 1909, was commissioned as surgeon, with the rank of lieutenant, in the United States Medical Reserve Corps. His private prac- tice is large and representative and his official duties of the most important character, yet he still finds time for other labors, among which are those connected with the office of chief surgeon of War Board and the Southern Railroad, surgeon for the various fish factories and sawmills of South- port and the surrounding county, and examiner for the various life insurance companies represented here. He has been a leader, not a follower, in professional work, and his labors have in many respects formed a distinct and valuable contri- bution to medicine and surgery. His professional service has ever been discharged with a keen sense of conscientious obligation and his work has brought him a high reputation among his fellow-practitioners. The determination and laud- able ambition that caused him to take up the profession in his youth have constituted an ef- fective force in all his later life and have brought him at length to well-merited prominence in his chosen field of endeavor. Doctor Dosher is a member of the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Woodmen of the World. On November 22, 1903, Doctor Dosher was mar- ried at Baltimore, Maryland, to Miss Grace Ken- neth Keyworth, of that city, and they are the parents of one child, Grace Alma. William Johnston Cocke. Though a lawyer of long experience and solid attainments, it is rather for his prominence in business and public affairs that William Johnston Cocke is best known in his home City of Asheville and throughout the state at large. He was born at Asheville January 19, 1873, a son of William M. and Maria (Johnston) Cocke. His father was a prominent and highly successful lawyer and business man. The son was educated in a manner befitting the family position and fortune, attending private schools, Wofford Col- lege at Spartanburg, South Carolina, from which he graduated in 1892, and the next three years attended Harvard University, where he specialized in political science and law. He left university in 1895, and returned to Asheville to assume the active responsibilities of managing his father's estate. Tn 1896 Mr. Cocke was elected mayor of Ashe- ville and filled that office one term. He served as a member of the State Senate during the im- portant session of 1899-90, when the constitutional amendment was considered and passed. In 1904 he was democratic nominee for solicitor of the Fifteenth Judicial District. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention of 1896 and again to the Denver Convention of 1908. Mr. Cocke is proprietor of the widely known Blue Ridge Farm. Some years ago he took over George Vanderbilt 's herd of Berkshire hogs, and now has the largest single herd of that strain in America. When the present war with Germany began Mr. Cocke with other prominent pork pro- ducers in the United States formulated plans which they laid before the Government as to means and methods of increasing pork production and secur- ing the removal of such restrictions which had up to that time interfered with the raising of hogs. Mr. Cocke is a member of the Asheville and North Carolina State Bar associations, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Woodmen of the World, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and for years has been an active member of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, South. November 18, 1903, he married Nola Dilworth, of Gonzales, Texas. They have two children, Wil- liam Johnston and George Dilworth. Charles S. Sieweks is one of the prominent family of that name in Western North Carolina, and has made his own career count for a great deal in the field of business and manufacturing at Winston-Salem. His achievements have been specially identified with the manufacture of furni- ture and he has helped to give Winston-Salem a. place in the furniture industry of North Carolina. Mr. Siewers was born at Winston-Salem and is a son of Dr. Nathaniel S. and Eleanor (deSehweinitz) Siewers. Doctor Siewers was born at Winston- Salem in 1845, and was liberally educated, served for three years in the Confederate army, and on re- turning home took up the study of medicine. He was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, and after studying two years in Europe, he located in Salem, where his ability and- rare talents soon brought him success. After a practice of over thirty years his death came on January 12, 1901. He. was also active in promoting and building the Roanoke and Southern Railroad, the second rail- road to enter Winston-Salem, and was one of the organizers of the Wachovia Loan and Trust Com- pany. Throughout his life he was a member and worker in the Moravian Church. The wife of Doctor Siewers is a daughter of Bishop de- Sehweinitz, and both the Siewers and deSehweinitz, families are among the most prominent in Western North Carolina. Reference to these families will be found in greater detail on other pages. Charles S. Siewers, who was the oldest of sis children, had the home environment and the social position calculated to bring out the best of his native talents and propensities. He attended the Salem Boys School and then entered the Agricul- tural and Mechanical College at Raleigh. Having made definite choice of a business rather than a professional career, he did not remain to complete his college course, but entered the ranks of the world 's workers as an employe in the Forsyth Manufacturing Company, where he served his ap- prenticeship. He remained in that factory about five years, and then with his experience and capital organized the Forsyth Chair Company. He has been president of this concern since its organization. //s2^s^^*^? HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 20c and it ia one of the industries which give character to the resources of Winston-Salem. Mr. Siewers also organized the Forsyth Dining Room Furniture Company, of which he is president, treasurer and general manager. Both these are highly successful and growing concerns. Mr. Siewers was married in June, 1901, to Miss Clara Vance, who was born in Winston-Salem, daughter of Joseph A. and Adelaide (Fogle) A'auce. Mr. and Mrs. Siewers have four children, Charles, Carolyn, Margaret and John. Mr. Siewers is a member of the board of trustees of Salem Academy and College, and also a member of the board of trustees of the Home Moravian Church, of which both he and his wife are active members. George Louis Wimberi.y. M. D. Among the representative men of note in Edgecombe County no one ia better known or more highly esteemed than Dr. George Louis Wimberly, Jr., a physi- cian of prominence at Rocky Mount, and vice president of the First National Bank at this place. The caution, concentration and exactness of the physician have been valuable elements in the financial field, and Doctor Wimberly has built up an honorable reputation in both lines of effort. . Dr. George Louis Wimberly was born Febru- ary 10, 1862, near Tarboro, North Carolina. His parents were George Louis and Frances (Whit- field ) Wimberly. His father was graduated from the University of North Carolina in the class of 1857 and was qualified for professional life, but his preference lay in the direction of agriculture and his life was passed as a farmer. Of his children his namesake son was the only one who became a physician. Under the scholarly tuition of Prof. F. S. Wilkinson, a noted educator, George Louis Wim- berly was prepared for the University of North Carolina, in which institution he pursued his lit- erary studies, later entering the medical depart- ment of the University of Maryland, from which he was graduated in 18S:i. Doctor Wimberly en- tered into medical practice in Edgecombe County and for four years was associated with Dr. R. H. Speight, formerly of the University of North Car- olina. In 1886 Doctor Wimberly opened an of- fice at Rocky Mount and for thirty-one years has been considered a physician of rare knowl- edge and skill at this place, where he has served as health commissioner with the greatest efficiency, and it may be stated that during his administra- tion no epidemics ever gained headway here as in many other industrial centers. For a number of vears he has been inter sted in several important financial institutions of Rocky Mount. He is vice president of the First Na- tional Bank, is a director of the Morris Plan Bank and is also on the directing board of the Underwriters Fire Insurance Company. As a man of earnest citizenship he has been more or less concerned with public matters at Rocky Mount and has served on the board of city alder- men. Doctor Wimberly was married November 16, 189?., to Miss Mary Bunn, who was born in Nash County. North Carolina, and is a daughter of Hon. B. H. Bunn, formerly a member of Con- gress. Doctor and Mrs. Wimberly have five chil- dren, as follows: George Louis, the third of the name in succession, who is a student of law in the University of North Carolina, the alma mater of both his father and grandfather; Benjamin Bunn, who is a student in the Virginia Military Institute; Mary Bryan, who is attending the Rocky Mount High School; Robert Diggs, who is also in the high school; and Francis Whitfield. Doctor Wimberly and family have a beautiful home in which hospitality is considered a virtue and many of the old customs, dear to native-born Southerners, are preserved in social functions. In addition to his professional and banking interests Doctor Wimberly is one of the exten- sive farmers of Edgecombe County. He is a Royal Arch Mason and is a member of the Du- rant Island Club. With his family he belongs to the Church of the Good Shepherd, Episcopalian, in which he is a vestryman. Theodore McLean Northrop, M. D. Honored in his profession, trusted by his business asso- ciates, esteemed and beloved by all who knew him in any relation, the late Dr. Theodore McLean Northrop passed away, leaving behind him not only large material possessions as the result of his thrift and industry, but the enviable record of a noble, useful and worthy life. In his death Robe- son County lost a valuable citizen and St. Pauls one of the most active leaders in the development of her most worthy enterprises. Theodore McLean Northrop was born July 12, 1874, at Laurinburg, Scotland County, North Caro- lina, and died iu the Charlotte Sanatorium, Char- lotte, North Carolina, March 13, 1916, at which time he was president of the Bank of St. Pauls. He was a son of H. F. and Laura (McLean) Northrop. The father of Doctor Northrop was born at Wilmington, North Carolina, but died in what is now Scotland County, formerly a part of Richmond County, where his life was mainly spent. The mother of Doctor Northrop was born in the old Laurel Hill Church community, about six miles north of Laur- inburg, the old McLean plantation being still known as Scotch Grove. Her parents were Neill and Mary (Briggs) McLean, of Seoteh ancestry. Before the war between the states Mr. McLean was an extensive planter and large slave owner. Mrs. Northrop was afforded unusual educational and social advantages, and undoubtedly to this in- tellectual, capable and devoted mother Doctor Northrop owed much that stimulated him to early effort. Some years after the death of Mr. North- rop, Mrs. Northrop was married to J. T. Rich, who is now deceased. Mrs. Rich resides at Laurin- burg. Theodore McLean Northrop grew up at Laurin- burg and there received his early educational training. He was fond of books and an ambitious youth in every way, determining early to become a physician but willing to lay a sound literary foundation before beginning the study of medi- cine. For some years he was a student in Oak Ridge Institute and later the University of North Carolina, from which latter institution he was grad- uated in 1894. His medical studies were pursued in the University Medical College at Richmond, Virginia, and the University of Maryland, and he was graduated from the university in the class of 1897, after which he devoted one year to hos- pital work in Baltimore and then returned to enter into medical practice in his native state. In 1898 Doctor Northrop selected the village of St. Pauls, with its rich surrounding agricultural territory, as his field of medical practice, having the wise foresight that many others did not possess, that a time would come when conditions would change here as general progress invaded the 204 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA country and the outside world came to a knowl- edge of the sleeping wealth and the line citizenship of this section. His work for some years as a country physician sorely tried his strength, but he persisted and there is hardly a home in all this section where, at one time or another, his professional services had not been bestowed or his kindly interest made known in some way. He was not only a doctor, but ' ' the Doctor, ' ' and no one, as long as he lived, could take his place in the trust and affection of the people. The same high regard was entertained for him by his fellow phy- sicians and was notably manifested during his last illness, when they crowded to the hospital and begged for opportunity to do him some service. As Doctor Northrop gradually accumulated a competency from his practice, he wisely invested in farming lands in the vicinity of St. Pauls, and the value of these lands was greatly increased when the Virginia & Carolina Southern Railway line was built through the village. From the begining of the awakening that followed Doctor Northrop took a most active interest in the development of this section, in which he had always maintained his faith, and in every way possible to him, helped to further lauda,ble enterprises and substantial im- provements. He invested freely and was a leader in civic improvement and was largely instrumental in bringing about many admirable movements. Agriculture in all its branches always interested him and he developed several fine farms, his home estate being a part of and adjoining St. Pauls on the north. It was a delight to him to beautify his land and he erected a handsome modern resi- dence here, on a fine location adjoining the grounds of St. Pauls Church, in which religious body he was a deacon. The entire management of his large estate, including his extensive farming en- terprises, Doctor Northrop left in the hands of Mrs. Northrop, with the certainty that no one could carry out his intentions more completely and satisfactorily than this admirable woman. In his marriage Doctor Northrop was singularly happy and fortunate. He was united to Miss Betty McGeeehy, who was born in St. Pauls Town- ship, Robeson County, North Carolina, and is a representative of old and historic families of this section of the state. Her parents were John and Flora (Shaw) McGeeehy, the former of whom is deceased. The mother of Mrs. Northrop is a sister of the late Lauchlin Shaw, who for many years was one of Robeson County 's most prom- inent men and was especially so in the neighbor- hood of St. Pauls and was the founder of the modern town, which is built on land originally owned by him. Six children were born to Doctor and Mrs. Northrop, namely: Katie Groves, Fran- cis, Dawson, Theodore, Laura and Daniel, all of whom reside with their mother. Mrs. Northrop and family attend St. Pauls Presbyterian Church. The only fraternal body with which Doctor North- rop was identified was the Masons, to the teach- ings of which he was ever faithful and at one time he had served as worshipful master of his lodge. Edward Henry Cranmer was born at South- port February 22, 1871, a son of Edward H. and Almira C. (Bensel) Cranmer. He attended public schools of Southport and Eastman Business Col- lege, Poughkeepsie, New York. He was admitted to bar in 1900, is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, was mayor of Southport several times, and represented the Tenth Senatorial District in the General Assembly of 1917, as senator from New Hanover and Brunswick coun- ties. He is a Freemason, master of his lodge several terms, is a Methodist, Sunday School superintendent and chairman of the board of stewards. Mr. Cranmer married Miss Maxy Elizabeth Pearce, and they have five children, three boys, Edward H., Jr., James Pearce and Paul Morris, and two girls, Alice A. and Mary. Mr. Cranmer has been actively engaged in the practice of law since 1905. Jacob F. Crouse. Born and reared in the country district of Forsyth County, Jacob F. Crouse after considerable experience as a farmer on his own account determined to extend the horizon of his influence and efforts and find an opening in the business life of Winston-Salem. He has been going steadily upward and is now an official mem- ber of the largest furniture house in the city. His birth occurred on a farm near Friedberg in South Fork Township of Forsyth County. His people have lived in that locality for genera- tions, going back to earliest pioneer days. His great-grandfather, Andrew Crouse, was a native of Germany, and so far as known was the only mem- ber of his immediate family to come to America. ■ When he made the voyage and sought the fortunes of a new world he located near Piney Grove Church in Forsyth Co'unty, and in that locality Ms years were quietly and prosperously lived until his death. He married Margaret Alford and they had a large family of fifteen children. Their son Jacob Crouse, who was born near Piney Grove Church in what is now Forsyth County, learned the trade of shoemaker. At that time shoe factories were practically unknown and the trade of shoemaker was much more important than it is today. All shoes were made to order and he conducted a good business with a shop on his home farm not far from his father 's place. His home was on Silas Creek about three and a half miles northeast of Clemmons. In 1835 Jacob Crouse sold out his interests in North Carolina with the intention of accompanying a colony of local people to Illinois for settlement in Sangamon County in that state. Just before the party was ready to start he was taken ill and died. His wife, whose maiden name was Rosa Berath, was born on a plantation on Muddy Creek about four miles from Clemmons. Her father was Henry Berath, who spent all his life as a farmer in that locality. Henry Berath married Catherine Hart- man, whose father, John Hartman, was a native of Germany and on coming to America settled in Forsyth County, North Carolina, among the earliest pioneers. The death of Jacob Crouse left his widow with four children and in rather limited circumstances. She faced life courageously and managed to keep her household together, earning money for their support by her skillful work with the wheel and loom. She was accomplished in the arts of carding, spinning and weaving, and not only dressed her own household in homespun but thereby provided the means necessary to live. Her later years were made comfortable by her children, and she died at the age of seventy-three. Her four children were Julia, William Harrison, Grandison and Lydia Catherine. Mrs. Lydia Catherine Rominger is the only one still living. William Harrison Crouse, who was born in South Fork Township in November, 1827, was eight years old when his father died. In spite of his slender Years he soon realized an unusual ! HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 205 sense of responsibility in connection with the npkeep of the household. He assisted his mother, and as soon as possible began contributing to the support of the family. He performed this duty in a manner that gave him a permanent satisfaction all his later years. He remained at home and worked for his mother and sisters until he was twenty-six, and then bought a small farm of his own in South Fork Township. From this farm he went to answer the call of duty to his South- land, and served with the Confederate army from 1864 until the close of hostilities. That was the only interruption to an otherwise prosperous and quiet career as a farmer. At the close of the war he returned home and lived on the farm until his death. William Harrison Crouse married Caroline Faw. She was born near Friedberg, daughter of Abra- ham and Zilpha (Blackburn) Faw. Both the Blackburns and Faws were pioneers of Forsyth County. The Faws were Dunkards in religious belief and were of German ancestry. The original German spelling of the name was Pfau. Mrs. Caroline Crouse died in 1910. Her ten children were Lewis, Mary, Augusta, Sarah, Jacob F., Laura, Alice, Julia, Emma and William. As a member of this large household Jacob F. Crouse grew up and was well trained to respect the rights and privileges of others, to observe honesty and the principle of industry, and his home training was supplemented by studies in the district school. He assisted on the home farm and made farming his regular work until his twenty-fifth year. Seeking larger and better opportunities, he then removed to Winston-Salem and entered the employ of Fogle Brothers as a workman. Two years later he became identified with the A. C. Vogler & Sons Company, and was with that firm twelve years. He then formed his present association with the Huntly-Hill-Stockton Company, which is one of the largest concerns dealing in furniture in the State of North Carolina, and maintains un- doubtedly the most complete undertaking equip- ment in the state. Mr. Crouse is now vice presi- dent of the company and is also buyer and is well known in the wholesale markets of the state and in various northern cities. Mr. Crouse was first married in 1889, to Mary Ann Vogler, who was born at Salem, North Caro- lina, a daughter of A. C. and Antoinette (Hauser) Vogler. Mrs. Crouse died in 1900 and both her children died in infancy. In 1902 Mr. Crouse mar- ried Henrietta Walker, also a native of Winston- Salem. Her parents were Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Walker. Mr. and Mrs. Crouse have three children: Jacob F., Jr., Elizabeth and Ruth. The family are active members of the Home Moravian Church, in which Mr. Crouse is a member of the board of elders. He is affiliated with Salem Lodge, No. 56, Knights of Pythias, with Salem Lodge, No. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, with Salem Council, No. 14, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, in which he has served as chairman of the board of trustees: and also with Croatian Tribe, No. 27, Improved Order of Bed Men. WrLSON Durward Leggett, present postmas- ter of the City of Tarboro, is one of the most extensive agriculturists in the state. He han- dles farming on a scale of businesslike efficiency. with many hundreds of acres under his manage- ment, and one of the chief individual contribu- tors to North Carolina 's satisfactory and sub stantial position as an agricultural commonwealth. Mr. Leggett was born at Palmyra in Halifax County, North Carolina, August 15, 1875, a son of James Wilson and James Margaret (Hodgesi Leggett. His father was also a merchant and ex- tensive farmer. The son was liberally educated, attending public and private schools, the Scot- land Neck Military School, the Vine Hill Male Academy and the University of North Carolina. His first practical experience m business was as a bookkeeper in a general store ior two years, after which he was identified with the tobacco business for a time. His career as a practical farmer began in 1900, and at the present time he is individually owner of 1,000 acres, while his operations cover 2,000 acres. Mr. Leggett was appointed postmaster of Tarboro by President Wilson in 1914. He is a member of the Tar Heel Club and of the Episcopal Church. October 14, 1899, he married Miss Catherine Howard, of Tarboro. They are the parents of five children: Wilson Durward, Jr., William Thomas, Julian Howard, Curtis Baker and Mary. Angus Wilton McLean. The blood of some of the most prominent and oldest Scotch families dating from the colonial settlement of the Caro- linas flows in the veins of this well known lawyer, banker, railroad president, cotton manufacturer, political leader and author at Lumberton. Robe- son County was his birthplace on April 20, 1870, and he is a son of Archibald Alexander and Caro- line A. (Pureell) McLean. In the paternal line- age the MacLeans, the MacEachins and MacQueens are all prominently identified with North Carolina history. The McLeans were one of the most noted of the old Scotch families of what is known as the Cape Fear country of North Carolina. His great- grandfather, John McLean, immigrated to Amer- ica from the Island of Mull in Scotland in 1792. settling in what was then the upper end of Robe- son (now Hoke) County, North Carolina. The grandfather was Dr. Angus D. McLean, who was born in Robeson County, and gained distinction in his profession and in public affairs. Dr. Angus D. McLean, married Mary Jane MacEachin. She was a granddaughter of Patrick MacEaehin, who was one of the first Scotch set- tlers in the Cape Fear country. He came from the Highlands of Scotland and settled in what is now Scotland County, North Carolina, near the present village of Riverton in 1765. Later he moved to the east side of the river in Robeson County, at what is known in the old land titles as Patrick MacEachin Bluff. Col. Archibald Mac- Eachin, a son of Patrick and the father of Mary Jane (MacEaehin) McLean, was long prominent in the early history of Robeson County. He served as clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and as Master in Equity for many years, positions of much responsibility which required in those days that the incumbent act in the capacity of judge on many occasions. Col. Archibald MacEaehin married Sallie Mae- Queen a daughter of Col. James MacQueen, another noted Scotch character in North Carolina. Col. James MacQueen came to America in 1765. a young unmarried man, and in that year settled in Anson County, North Carolina. Later he re- moved to Robeson County, and after his mar- riage to Ann MacRae, settled on a piece of land on Shoe Heel Creek about ten miles below the present town of Maxton. The settlement that grew 206 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA up there became known as Queensdale, and is the center of much historic interest in North Caro- lina. Col. James MacQueen became a large land owner, owned many slaves and conducted his planting on a large scale, and was also noted in public affairs. He represented Robeson County in the State Legislature in 1792, 1794 and 1803. He was clerk of the court and master in equity for the county. Archibald Alexander McLean, father of the Lumberton "lawyer, was born in Eobeson County, was a planter by occupation, and at the time of his death in 1906 was serving as treasurer of the county. He had served throughout the Civil war in the Confederate army. His wife, Caroline A. Purcell, who died in Sep- tember, 1914, was a daughter of Alexander Torrey and Harriet (Maclntyre) . Purcell. Her great- grandfather, Malcolm Purcell, emigrated from Ulster, North Ireland, about 1750 and settled in Cumberland County, North Carolina, where the city of Payetteville now stands. The Purcells were of old Scotch stock and had left Scotland and had settled in the North of Ireland during the oppres- sive reign of King James. Alexander Torrey Purcell was the son of John Purcell. The wife of Alexander Torrey, Harriet Maclntyre, was the daughter of Rev. John Maclntyre. Concerning this pioneer Scotch Presbyterian preacher of North Carolina something more than passing mention should be made. He was remarkable both for his mental and physical strength. He came from Appin, Ayrshire, Scotland, to North Carolina, in 1792, first settling in the western part of Cum- berland County and later in the northern part of what is now Hoke County. He acquired a large tract of land, 3,500 acres, and gave it the name ' ' New Garden. ' ' He lived to be 103 years old. After he had celebrated his hundreth birthday he dedicated old Montpelier Church in what is now Hoke County. He retained his mental and phy- sical powers almost perfectly until after he had passed the century mark and could easily read without glasses up to the time of his death. His work as a minister was largely as a missionary to the pioneer settlers over a large expanse of terri- tory in both North and South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. He would preach at regular inter- vals at places far remote from each other. In those settlements that were entirely Scotch he would preach sermons in pure Gaelic as well as in English. It is said that he acquired a proficient knowledge of both Latin and Hebrew after lie was thirty-five years of age. It was of such men that the old testament writer spoke when he said: ' ' There were giants in those days. ' ' Any man might well be proud of such ancestry. A record of distinguished forefathers becomes a distinctive honor to the individual who lives up to the traditions of those who have gone before. Angus Wilton McLean has gone beyond and con- tributed some additional points of prestige to the family name. He grew up in the country near Maxton, attend- ed the public schools there, afterwards was in the Laurinburg High School under the noted ed- ucator Prof. W. G. Quakenbush, and studied law in the law department of the University of North Carolina. He was licensed to practice in 1891, and in the same year opened his office at Lumber- ton. Abundant success has come to him both as a lawyer and as an able manager of large industrial interests. He practiced in partnership with Judge Thomas A. MacNeil until the latter was eleeted to the bench, and then formed a partnership with, his cousin, the late Colonel McLean, which con- tinued until the latter 's death. Since then Mr. McLean has been at the head of the firm of Mc- Lean, Varser & McLean, his associates being Mr. L. R. Varser and Mr. Dickson McLean. This is a firm that handles a great volume of law business both in the state and federal courts. Mr. McLean is one of the comparatively few men who have a record of distinctive achieve- ment outside of one special calling or profession. In business and industrial affairs he has long played an important part. As an organizer and promoter of industrial enterprises he has done much toward building up his section of the state. He was one of the organizers and became presi- dent of the Bank of Lumberton, and when that was succeeded by the present National Bank of Lum- berton continued as its president. It is an insti- tution of splendid financial integrity, and is housed in one of the most beautiful and best appointed bank structures in North Carolina. Mr. Mo- Lean is vice president of both the Lumberton Cot- ton Mills and the Dresden Cotton Mills, is a di- rector of the Jennings Cotton Mills — all three be- ing important local industries. He is a director of the Lumberton Building and Loan Association; promoted the financing and helped to build the- Virginia and Carolina Bailroad from Lumberton to Hope Mills, and from St. Paul to Elizabethtown, and is president and general manager of that in- dustrial line; is president of the Robeson Devel- opment Company, president of the McLean Trust Company, is a large land owner and extensively interested in farming in Robeson County, and his financial interests extend to a number of minor con- cerns. The political responsibilities that have been placed upon his shoulders make him one of the foremost democrats of his generation in North Carolina. He is widely known in both state and national party circles. He is at this time demo- cratic national committeeman from North Caro- lina, is chairman of the financial committee of the national organization for this state, and directed the raising of funds for the national campaign in 1916. He is a member of the Democratic State Executive Committee, and was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1904, and a delegate at large to the National Convention at Baltimore in 1912. While his business and financial ability have been called upon so liberally to aid his party, he is perhaps even more widely known as an unusually forceful and persuasive campaign speaker. His eloquence, however, is heard on other subjects than political themes. He has well earned a place among North Carolina orators of the present generation. One of his most notable addresses was "Woodrow Wilson, an Appreciation," deliv- ered before the Literary Society of the Antiooh State High School, in 1914. While the subject of this address was one that could well excite the enthusiasm of the author, he showed unusual lit- erary skill in its handling and treatment, and the address might stand as a literary masterpiece. During 1916 Mr. McLean undertook the com- piling and editing of a history of the early Scotch settlements in the early Cape Pear section of North Carolina, together with biographical and genealogical sketches of more prominent families. That is a work that promises to be a most meri- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 209 the military authorities who instituted the rigid control of Reconstruction times and under their direction William H. White was counted out and not allowed to act as sheriff. One of his brothers, the late George Montgomery White, was a law- yer of prominence and a leader of the bar in the Cape Fear country and at one time represented Bladen County in the Legislature. William H. White married Caroline G-illespie, who died at the age of eighty-one. She was a daughter of Richard S. and Mrs. (Flowers) Gil- lespie. Her mother was of pure French ancestry while her father was of Irish stock. Richard S. Gillespie was one of the strong and positive char- acters of Bladen County and impressed his ability on local history in many ways. He became con- spicuous during war times and in the violent scenes which characterized the reconstruction period. About 1867 he was elected register of deeds of Bladen County by the regular democratic party. He had hardly begun his official duties when in 1868 he was- removed from office by the military authorities who were establishing the reconstruc- tion regime in North Carolina. But before vacat- ing his office he wrote a very bitter and strongly worded denunciation of those directly responsible for his removal and the government authority be- hind them. This protest he made an official doc- ument and wrote it into the records of his office, where it still remains — a tribute to his courage and fearlessness in the faee of an overwhelming and arbitrary power. Such an ancestry is a worthy heritage, a stimu- lus to action and affording a standard of ideals and conduct from which Richard S. White has never deviated. He was born in 1857, at Eliza- bethtown. Though schools were somewhat disor- ganized during his youth on account of the war > and Reconstruction, he acquired a good education. He graduated from the University of North Caro- lina in 1882. That was his higher literary training, and he remained in the same institution and grad- uated in law in 18S5. The same year he began practice at Elizabethtown, and his name has since been associated with many of the most important cases and legal interests of the local and state courts. Aside from his standing as a lawyer special in- terest pertains to Mr. White 's career through his activity in politics. His ancestors were stanch whig*. From them he probably inherited his tend- ency to classify with the republican party. He is and has been a republican of the progressive type. Tn 1912 he went as a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago. He refused to assent to the machine rule of that famous conven- tion and subsequently joined the progressive forces and supported Mr. Roosevelt. Though representing the minority party in political affairs in North Carolina Mr. White was elected a member of the Lower House of the Legislature in 1895 on the republican ticket. His most important work in that session was done as chairman of the committee on education. He was also second on the com- mittee on privileges and elections and served on several other committees. In local and county affairs he has been, as already mentioned, mayor of Elizabethtown. member of the County Board' of Education and has filled other positions of honor and trust. Mr. White married Miss Eugenia Rinaldi White, a daughter of .Tames Monroe White, a half brother of William Heudon White, the paternal grandfather having first married a Miss Beery, who died leaving an only child. .Tames M. White. •> v— 14 After the death of his first wife the grandfather married a Miss Hendon. The maternal grand- father of Eugenia Rinaldi White was the late John W. Rinaldi, a native of Italy, who came to Bladen County early in the nineteenth century, first locating in the State of Florida, and then moving to Bladen County. Mrs. White died in 1893, leaving two children: Richard S., Jr., and Mrs. A. A. Melvin. Hon. Eugexe Jackson Tucker. Perhaps no citizen of Eastern North Carolina, has a more just claim to distinction that is worth while than Dr. Eugene Jackson Tucker, of Roxboro, North Carolina, who for many years has been prominent professionally in this state, and has also won enviable reputation in public life, at present rep- resenting the Seventeenth District in the North Carolina State Senate. Both in private and public citizens, and is exercising wider influence in Legislative halls, Doctor Tucker has been usefully conspicuous because of his intelligent public spirit and his determined upholding of high ideals. The confidence he has inspired has been shown in other directions than politics. He is at the head of one of the leading banking institutions in Person County, the Bank of Roxboro. In every organization, from his school days, into which professional interest or personal choice has led him honors have been bestowed upon him by friends and associates because of great obvious merit. Eugene Jaeksou Tucker was born in Charlotte County, Virginia, May 18, 1869, and is a son of John Archibald and Mary (Tatum) Tucker, old residents of Charlotte County, Virginia, the father being a merchant there for many years. The son was reared in his native state and primarily edu- cated in the public schools. In 1883 Reidsville, North Carolina, became his home, and there he prepared for college, in 18S9 entering the dental department of Vanderbilt University, from which institution he was graduated in 1890 with his degree of D. D. S., having been president of his class. In the same year he came to Roxboro, which city has since been his home, and here built up a large and substantial practice as a dental surgeon. He has twice been president of the North Carolina Dental Society, and for six years served on the state dental examining board. Aside from his profession, he has been to some extent interested in business enterprises, and also farm- ing and dealing in real estate. Having centered all his interests in this sec- tion and watched and assisted in developing many of its enterprises it was a laudable ambition in a man of Doctor Tucker 's high standing and sincere citizenship to desire a measure of political power in order to still further measures, which he, with other serious, thoughtful, progressive men. have long considered necessary for the public welfare. In 1915 he was elected to the General Assembly, and in 1917 was elected to the Senate from the Seventeenth Senatorial District. In this body Ms duties have been manifold because of membership on many important committees, be- ing chairman of the public health committee, and a member of the finance and educational and other important committees. For years he has been active in public health legislation, in conjunction with Doctors Rankin and Royster, concerning public health conditions in North Carolina. For two years he served as a member of the National Army and Navy Dental Legislative Committee, and at present is the United States Food and Fuel 210 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA Administrator for Person County, and has served as a member of the city council of Roxboro. Doctor Tucker is a member of Person Lodge No. 113, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, of which he is ex-master, at Roxboro, and belongs to the Knights of Pythias, the Woodmen of the World and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, all of Eoxboro. He is a member of the Baptist Church and is ever mindful of its benevolent claims. In 1917 Doctor Tucker was elected a member of the board of trustees of the University of North Carolina. Hon. Stahle Linn. An attorney of undeniable merit, studious and industrious, Hon. Stahle Linn, of Salisbury, is devoted to his profession, and by a wise application of his natural and acquired forces is meeting with gratifying success in his legal work. He was born in Salisbury, a son of Thomas Calvin Linn and grandson of Robert J. Linn. His paternal great-grandfather, David Linn, an extensive planter, spent his last years in Rowan County, his body be- ing laid to rest in Organ churchyard. Robert J. Linn was born on a plantation in Province Township, Rowan County and in that township spent his entire life. Succeeding to the occupation in which he was reared, he became the owner of a, valuable plantation, which he managed with slave labor, living upon it until his death in 1867. The maiden name of his wife was Joicy C. Redwine. She, too, was born in Providence Township a daughter of Pleasant and Mary (Bar- ringer) Redwine, lifelong residents of Rowan County. Mrs. Robert J. Linn died December 24, 1914, leaving three children: Thomas Calvin, Pleasant David, and Marv Eliza, who married Dr. C. M. Van Poole, of Salisbury. After completing the course of study in the public schools, Stahle Linn was fitted for college at Horner 's Military Institute, in Oxford. Continuing his studies then at the University of North Caro- lina, he was there graduated with the class of 1907, with the degree of Ph. B. An ambitious student, with a decided preferment for a legal education, Mr. Linn then entered the law department of his alma mater, from which he was graduated in 1908. Licensed to practice the same year, he immediately became associated with his father, a well-known and able attorney, and has since commanded his full share of the legal patronage of Salisbury and of the surrounding country. Public-spirited and progressive, Mr. Linn has ever evinced a warm interest in public matters, and in 1916 was elected to the State Senate, where he served on the judiciary committee and the com- mittee on appropriations proposition and griev- ances. Fraternally Mr. Linn is a member of Ful- ton Lodge No. 99, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. Jonas Oettinger. Of the business citizens of Wilson who through their sound principles and business capacity have been instrumental in ad- vancing the progress and prestige of the city in a^commercial and financial way, none have played a more helpful or prominent part than has Jonas Oettinger. A resident of the city since 1869, when he came here as a lad to accept a clerkship in his uncle's store, he has steadily advanced to a commanding position in business and financial circles, and at the same time has been a recog- nized power in the establishment and maintenance of institutions which have made for business, civic, educational and moral advancement. Mr. Oettinger was born in the City of Balti- more, Maryland, May 14, 1857, a son of Solomon and Rosetta (Rosenthal) Oettinger. His father was engaged in the wholesale merchandise busi- ness, and was well known at Baltimore, where he was secretary of the Baltimore Oheb-Shalom Con- gregation. The education of Jonas Oettinger was secured in public school No. 1 in his native city, which he attended until he was twelve years of age, and almost immediately thereafter the youth began his identification with business affairs. In 1869 he came to Wilson, on September 23 of which year he became a clerk in the store of his uncle, Emil Rosenthal. Here he learned the business thoroughly, the stock of the establish- ment consisting of dry goods, clothing, shoes, etc., and February 1, 1882, when Mr. Rosenthal en- tered a larger meehandising field, Mr. Oettinger, with his brother David, purchased the business. This partnership continued until Mr. David Oet- tinger 's death in 1899, during which years the firm received constantly increasing patronage. The business is now owned by Mr. .Oettinger and his son, Elmer R. Progressive methods, honor- able policies and able management caused the trade to grow rapidly, and from time to time the facilities for handling the custom were of necessity increased. Today the Oettinger Depart- ment Store, as the business is now known, occu- pies a modern two-story building 100 by 75 feet, complete in equipment and appurtenances, and with an up-to-date and complete stock, also an additional wing and large warehouse in which re- serve stocks are carried. The growth and develop- ment of this business is an excellent example of American enterprise. Mr. Oettinger has vari- ous other interests. He is an important figure in realty circles, being president of the Wilson Real Estate, Loan & Trust Company and a di- rector of the Home and Loan Association, and is equally well known in financial affairs, being vice president of the First National Bank of Wilson and of the Wilson Trust and Savings Bank. As a promoter of the commercial and industrial in- terests of Wilson he was the first president of the Wilson Business Men's Association and of the Wilson Chamber of Commerce, and at this time is a member of the board of directors of the latter organization. He has contributed his share to the development of the public school system, and for years was a member of the board of trus- tees of the Wilson graded schools. Mr. Oettin- ger is a member of the B 'nai B 'rith, and is fra- ternally affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of the board of governors and of the building committee of the Country Club, and also belongs to the Common- wealth Club. He was likewise active in the es- tablishment of Atlantic Christian College. On June 7, 1887, Mr. Oettinger was married to Miss Martha Rosenthal, of Alexandria, a daughter of Emil and Ernestine Rosenthal, and they are the parents of three children: Elmer R., who is his f ather 's partner in the department store; Albert, a graduate of the Wilson High School and now a student at the University of North Carolina; and Miriam R., who is a student at Goucher College, Baltimore. Elmer R. Oettinger was born at Wilson, March 9, 1889, and received good educational advan- tages, attending the public schools, Oak Ridge Institute, and the University of North Carolina, where he was a student, three years. On the completion of his education lie found an opening awaiting him at his father 's business, and he has since made the most of his opportunities and is HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 211 now known as one of the leading and energetic young business men of the city. He has taken an active part in the movements which have ad- vanced the business interests of the community, and is now president of the Merchants' Associa- tion and a member of the board of governors of the Wilson Chamber of Commerce. He holds mem- bership also in the Commonwealth and Country clubs, and is a Mason of high rank, belonging to the lodge, chapter, commandery and shrine. In June, 1912, Mr. Oettinger was married to Miss Pearl Lichtenstein, of Richmond, Virginia, and they have two children: Elmer B., Jr., born in 1914; and Josephine, born in 1916. Gut Erastds Dixon, M. D., neurological spe- cialist, has had a successful experience in both the general and restricted branches of medicine for many years, was formerly connected with the West- ern North Carolina Hospital for the Insane and is now well established in practice at Hendersonville, where he is proprietor of the Dixon Health Eesort, a sanitarium and hospital affording special ad- vantages and professional care for chronic nervous disorders. He is also a member of the staff of the Patton Memorial Hospital (General). Doctor Dixon was born in Cleveland County, North Carolina, August 30, 1877, son of Franklin Monroe and Amelia (Thompson) Dixon. His fa- ther was a merchant. Doctor Dixon was edu- cated in the public schools and in 1903 graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Louis. Eeturning to his native state, he spent two years in general practice in his native county, and then for one year was assistant physician in the Western North Carolina Hospital for the In- sane. Since October, 1906, his home and center of practice has been at Hendersonville, where his work as a specialist in nervous diseases has more and more encroached upon the time he could afford to general practice. Doctor Dixon is a member of the Henderson-Polk County Medical Society, the Medical Society of the State of North Caro- lina, Southern Medical Association, and the Amer- ican Medical Association. He is a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, of Henderson- ville. October 9, 1902, he married Miss Nora Alex- ander, of Cleveland County, North Carolina. They have one daughter, Dessie Pauline. Everett Irving Bugg is one of North Carolina 's most successful hotel managers, and it is a busi- ness to which he has *iven his every thought and study since as a boy he obtained his first position as a night clerk. He is now active head of the leading hostelry in the City of Durham. Mr. Bugg was born in Warren County, North Carolina, July 2, 1885, a son of William Emanuel and Mary (Smith) Bugg. His father was a farmer, and the son grew up in a rural environment. He attended the Warrenton High School and the business college at Norfolk, and then accepted an opportunity which brought him into his life oc- cupation. Beginning 1904 as clerk at a cigar stand in the Seaboard Air Line Hotel, Hamlet, North Carolina, from there he went to Greensboro, securing the position of front office clerk at the Huffine Hotel. Later, in 1908, he went to Char- lotte as chief clerk and secretary of the Stonewall Hotel Company, owning and operating this hotel. In 1912 he bought the Hotel March at Lexington, North Carolina, operated it two years and then came to Durham, where he bought the Durham Hotel Corporation, which was preparing to build the Hotel Malbourn, and had an active part in constructing that thoroughly fireproof modern hotel at a cost of $175,000. It provides 125 guest rooms and is one of the most complete and best equipped hotels in the state. He was one of the organizers of the Durham Rotary Club, has served as a director, and is a former director of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Bugg has been prom- inent in Masonry, being a Knight Templar and a Thirty-second degree Scottish Eite Mason, and also a Shriner. On July 5, 1912, he married Miss Margaret Hunt, of Lexington, North Carolina, daughter of Charles Andrew and Margaret (Leonard) Hunt. They have two bright young children, Everett Irving, Jr., and Margaret Prances. Broadus Harvey Griffin. In touching upon matters of importance relative to the business growth and development of Ealeigh, it is but fitting to dwell upon the services rendered by those in- dividuals who have made possible the present existing conditions. Without their vim and enter- prise the City of Oaks would have never reached its present size and business importance, for no community can be greater than the rank and file of its citizens. These men have contributed by various services and diversified gifts to the building up of the capital city — some by the foundation of law and municipal order; others give themselves to founding churches and schools'; still others open up the avenues of commerce and furnish facilities for the transaction of business. In a thousand different but converging directions they bend their energies, according to some occult law of organiza- tion, to the common weal. Among all the various lines of activity none is more promotive of the reputation abroad of a city than that which furnishes a comfortable home for the traveler. Ealeigh from its earliest days has been noted for the excellence of its hotels, and since 1911, when the new Yarborough was opened, has ranged among the first in sumptuous furnishing and elegant and comfortable fare. Broadus Harvey Griffin, president and manager of the B. H. Griffin Hotel Company, which operates the Yarborough Hotel, is a man of broad experience in his line of business, having been engaged therein for nearly a quarter of a century. In the course of his long and successful career he has made the most of his opportunities, fitting his resources to his needs and relying absolutely on his own initiative and ability, so that his prosperity has come to him through no adventitious circumstance, but as a result of his own earnest efforts. Mr. Griffin was born on a farm in Franklin County, North Carolina, February 7, 1867, and is a son of John and Lucretia (Freeman) Griffin. His father was a lifelong agriculturist in Franklin County, an upright man and public-spirited citizen, whose industrious life was rewarded by the ac- cumulation of a modest but satisfying competence. Broadus Harvey Griffin was given good educational advantages in his youth, first attending a private school in his native county and later Wakefield Academy at Wakefield, North Carolina. In that year he started his career at Goldsboro, North Carolina, where he was engaged as a cotton buyer until 1893, in addition to which for several years he carried on the business of manufacturing and jobbing ice. In 1893, with shrewd foresight, Mr. Griffin recognized Coldboro's need for an im- proved hotel for the accommodation and comfort of the traveling public, and accordingly leased the Hotel Kennon, which he refitted and which he still 212 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA operates. In 1907 he added to his holdings by leasing the Hotel Gaston, at New Bern, which he conducted for five years, and in 1911 came to Ealeigh, where he became the lessee of the Yarborough Hotel, and formed the B. H. Griffin Hotel Company, of which he has since been presi- dent and manager. This is one of the best known of Raleigh 's caravanseries, and is vastly popular with the traveling public, as well as with a steady local patronage. Since coming to Raleigh Mr. Grif- fin has identified himself with a number of business enterprises, and, among others, is at this time a director in the National Bank of Goldsboro, the Goldsboro Savings Bank, the Wayne Agricultural Works and the Smith Hardware Company. He has contributed his aid to the advancement of business conditions in Raleigh as a member of the Rotary Club, the Chamber of Commerce and the Merchants Association, and holds membership also in the Capital and Country clubs, in which he has won many friends. In 1917 he was appointed by United States Commissioner John MacE. Bowman, one of the commissioners of North Carolina, to organize the hotels and restaurants for food conser- vation. Mr. Griffin was married February 14, 1895, to Miss Margaret Smith, of Goldsboro, daughter of William H. Smith, a well known merchant and manufacturer of that city. Frank Smith Wilkinson. Among the old time educators of North Carolina the venerable Frank Smith Wilkinson is distinguished by more than half a century of continuous service and by almost unexampled devotion and usefulness in his calling. Mr. Wilkinson is now eighty-four years of age. He was active in his work until seven years ago. The first year of his teaching was done at Ra- leigh, and after that for fifty-one consecutive years he was principal and active head of a male the female academy at Tarboro. 1>" ing that long period it is estimated that more than 4,000 pu- pils entered his schools and fully nine-tenths of them if not all received his personal instruction and came within the influence of his benignant personality. At different times ten states of the Union had representatives in his school. His old students have filled and some are now filling with high honor and great ■ usefulness positions in church and state, including bishops and judges in North Carolina and elsewhere, others have at- tained rank in army and navy, the professions of medicine and law have been recruited from his school, and not a few have held chairs in leading colleges. Many others rose to success and promi- nence in commercial, financial and agricultural occupations. This brief summary should by no means omit reference to the girls who were his former students. Many of them became success- ful teachers, intelligent wives and mothers, and these perhaps constitute the greatest asset of all in making the country today and acting as a leaven of enlightenment and Christian culture. Frank Smith Wilkinson was born in Edgecombe County on a farm in township No. 5, nine miles north of Tarboro, September 25, 1833. His par- ents were Charles and Nancy (Hollomnn) Wilkin- son. The Wilkinsons followed the Edgecombs out of England and the Hollomans came from Vir- ginia and were also of English stock. Charles Wilkinson was born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, and in his time was an extensive farmer and prominent locally as a fox hunter. He was a devoted friend of Elder Joshua Lawrence, who was a prominent preacher of the Primitive Bap- tist Church and also known as a writer. Frank S. Wilkinson was educated in three dif- ferent schools in Edgecombe and Halifax coun- ties, and from the Tarboro Male Academy entered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was graduated in 1858 with the degree A. B. Curiously enough, though Mr. Wilkinson gave all his active years to education, it was not his primary ambition and purpose to follow teaching. On leaving college he accepted the opportunity to teach and manage a small college within sight of the City of Raleigh, on the old Fayette Road, a little beyond the old governor 's mansion. No pupil under twelve years was allowed to enter that school. It had two departments, one for girls and one for boys. Mr. • Wilkinson says that the hardest work of his professional career was done here. He had just come from college, was with- out experience, and also suffered the handicap of teaching only as a means of and opportunity to attend law school at Raleigh. The position was tendered him through Hon. George E. Badger and Hon. John H. Bryan at the solicitation of their sons, Henry Bryan who afterwards became a judge, and Richard Badger. It was while teaching this school that Mr. Wil- kinson met Miss Annie Stronch, one of his col- leagues in the teaching staff, and at the close of the school year they were married. He then re- turned to Tarboro to visit his mother, and while there the trustees of the Tarboro Male Academy elected him principal of that famous old school. That brought him his permanent position and con- nection in school affairs, and for fifty-one years he was at the head of the academy without los- ing so much as five weeks from duty. The old institution lost its buildings by fire after the war, and Mr. Wilkinson then re-established the school as an independent institution under his in- dividual proprietorship. It had two departments, one for female and the other for male pupils. These two departments were kept separate, though most of the teachers did work both among the boys and the girls. During the war, as the school had an average attendance of more than seventy-five pupils, Mr. Wilkinson was exempted from active military serv- ice in the Confederate army, though he was re- quired to drill recruits. That was a continuous work and with the title of first lieutenant of the Home Guards he spent euery winter and summer vacation on military duty, sometimes being sent to Newbern and Washington, North Carolina. He was also employed as the enrolling officer and in the quartermaster's department and frequently hunted up deserters in adjacent counties. Besides his duties at his academy Mr. Wilkinson was for fifteen years superintendent of the pub- lie schools of Edgecombe County. During that period he held institutes for teachers in the two counties of Edgecombe and Nash. The first in- stitute in the state was held in Edgecombe under his supervision, and it is also noteworthy that the first literary society was held at Tarboro as the outgrowth of the institute. Politically Mr. Wilkinson has always been a democrat, but never held any public position ex- cept during Reconstruction days. He has never affiliated witli any secret society except of a lit- erary character, though at the close of the war with others in Tarboro and Edgecombe County HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 213 he helped form a temperance society for the pur- pose of reclaiming good men who had fallen vic- tims to excessive drinking. Mr. Wilkinson has never had an active church membership, though his wife and children have all been Presbyte- rians. It was in June, 1839, at Raleigh, that Mr. Wilkinson and Miss Annie M. Stroneh were mar- ried. She was the oldest child of William and Saliie Stroneh. Her father was a native of Scot- land. Her mother, whose maiden name was Sav- age, was connected with the family of the noted General MacGruder of Virginia. Mrs. Wilkinson had one sister, Mary, and four brothers. Of these brothers George, William and Alexander all entered the war before they were seventeen years of age. Her youngest brother Frank is still living at Ealeigh. Professor Wilkinson and wife had three daugh- ters and two sons. The oldest daughter, Annie, married Dr. C. C. Cheney and went out to the State of Kansas. Sally E. married Alexander Robertson, now of New York City. The third daugh- ter is Mrs. R. E. Jones, of Suffolk, Virginia. Both the sons are now living at Rocky Mount, North Carolina. The older, W. S. Wilkinson, married the youngest daughter of Professor Wilkinson 's old room and class mate for seven years, George L. Wimberley, who is still living on his farm in Edgecombe County. The youngest child and sec- ond son married Miss Mary Geiger. Hon. Thomas M. Washington. To successfully manage large property interests and at the same time give freely of judgment and efforts towards a betterment in administration of civic and legis- lative conditions requires more than ordinary ability. Many men achieve prosperity; others rise to high positions within the gift of the people, but all do not prove equally efficient along both lines. When a man is found, however, who has demon- strated his ability as a sound, reliable and success- ful business man, willing to assume the responsi- bilities of public life, the office he accepts benefits accordingly. Such a man will give to his duties the same conscientious and capable administration that resulted in his material advancement. Wilson County and others have benefited greatly from the fact that Thomas M. Washington, capitalist, agri- culturist and virile business man, has represented the Sixth District of North Carolina in the State Senate, after an honorable record in other official positions and in business life. Hon. Thomas M. Washington was born in Gran- ville County, North Carolina, April 16, 1862, his parents being M. C. and Nancy ( Jones) Washing- ton. His academic education was secured in the local schools of his home community, from which he was graduated in 1874, and much of his boy- hood and youth were passed on the home farm, where he was reared to habits of industry and principles of integrity. His primary education being completed, he was sent to Rnap of Reeds Academy, which institution he attended in 1875 and 1876, and later he was a student at Caldwell Institute. His early training, as noted, had been in the field of agriculture, and the vocation of fanning was adopted by him when he attained man's estate and was ready to enter upon a career of his own. Through the exercise of enterprise, hard effort and good management he became the owner of a valuable property when still a young man, and as the years have passed he has added to his acreage until he now is in possession of one of the best farms in Wilson County. As his resources grew, his interests expanded, and busi- ness affairs soon began to demand a large share of his attention. His associates in various ven- tures came to depend upon him for leadership, and placed him at the head of business organizations which have benefited and grown under the stimu- lating power of his business acumen and foresight. At this time, among others, he is vice president of the Farmers Cotton Oil Company, president of the Wilson Ice and Fuel Company and president of the Wilson Livestock Company. Always honorable and straightforward in his dealings and true to his engagements, his name lends strength and solidity to any enterprise with which it is identified. From young manhood Mr. Washington has been interested in public affairs. His first public office was that of register of deeds, which he held in Granville County from 1884 to 1886. He was sent to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1907 and rendered his constituents and his com- munity excellent service as a member of that body. In 1908 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, held at Denver, Colorado, and in 1913 became the candidate of his party for the state senatorship of the Sixth District, including the counties of Franklin, Nash and Wilson. As senator he has worked faithfully in endeavoring to represent ably and helpfully the best aims of the people who showed their confidence in his ability and integrity, and his record is one that will bear the closest scrutiny. Although a man of distinc- tion, Mr. Washington is as easy of approach as any man in Wilson County. He has contributed liberally towards churches and benevolent move- ments and has given his loyal support to the cause of education. It is needless to say that his name stands with the people of Wilson as a synonym for public spirit and disinterested patriotism. He was in past years captain of the Wilson Military Company, and is fraternally identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Masons. On July 4, 1901, Mr. Washington was united in marriage with Mrs. Clarke, widow of James A. Clarke. Mrs. Washington's maiden name was Nettie E. Ellis. Hugh Waddell's name was well placed among the "Makers of North Carolina,'' and while re- peated reference to his services in the twenty years preceding the Revolution are demanded by any adequate account of that period, this brief sketch is confined to an account of his life as a whole. He was of the Scotch-Irish race, noted for their love of liberty, of learning and of religion, and was born in the north of Ireland in 1737, son of Hugh Waddell, Sr. In 1742 his father, having killed a man in a duel, fled to America, bringing his children with him. Locating at Boston, the boy was sent to school. After the lapse of a few- years Hugh, Sr., thought he could safely return ' to Ireland, but on reaching that country found that all his property had been confiscated, and he soon afterwards died, leaving his son without any estate. In 1753, when he was sixteen years of age, one of his father's Irish friends, Arthur Dobbs, was appointed governor of North Carolina. It was this that, probably was the chief influence in at- tracting Hugh Waddell to North Carolina. He arrived in the colony about the beginning of 1754. He had been in the colony only a short time when its assembly voted to raise a regiment to serve 214 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA against the French. Hugh Waddell was appointed one of the lieutenants of the command, and during the campaign in Virginia so distinguished him- self that he was promoted to the rank of captain. Not long afterward he was given an important command to protect the western frontier of North Carolina from Indians, and in 1755 was selected to built a fort and take command of the garrison. He carried out this important duty with charac- teristic promptness and energy, and when the fort was constructed he named it Fort Dobbs in honor of the governor. Fort Dobbs was near the site of the present Town of Statesville, and then and for several years remained the most important military post in the colony. Captain Waddell remained in command two years, and in the words of the governor was ' ' in every way quali- fied for such a command, as he was young, active and resolute. ' ' His next brilliant exploit was the relief of the English garrison at Fort Loudon on the Tennessee River. He took some of the best men from the garrison of Fort Dobbs, made a toilsome and dangerous over-mountain march in 1757, and after accomplishing his purpose returned to North Carolina, and was soon afterward promoted to the rank of major. In the meantime the American colonies had become involved in the Seven Year war, as it was known in Europe, the American war being more familiarly called the French and Indian war. Major Waddell commanded the North Carolina Troops in the notable campaign against the French and Indians of Western Pennsylvania in 1758, known in history as the Forbes Expedition. He and his Carolina riflemen were among the most experienced in methods of Indian warfare, and General Forbes placed Major Waddell and his detachment along with Colonel Washington and his Virginia followers in the front of the army to act as scouts, pioneers and road makers in that long and toilsome march over the mountains, end- ing with the attack upon and capture of Fort Duquesne, which after falling into Washington's hands was changed to Fort Pitt. It is said that the first member of the English expedition to enter Fort Duquesne was a large dog belonging to Major Waddell. For his services in that campaign Hugh Waddell was promoted to colonel. During the winter of 1759-60 Colonel Waddell was busy in protecting Fort Dobbs and the western frontier from the hostile Indian tribes. In February, 1760, his little garrison was besieged by Indian forces many times its number, but Colonel Waddell handled Ms men so resourcefully and inspired them to such deeds of courage that the enemy was driven off with great confusion. In the campaign of the following year Colonel Waddell commanded the North Carolina Troops in the great expedition sent by North Carolina, South . Carolina, and Virginia against the western Indians, terminating in a brilliant victory near the present Town of Franklin in Macon County. As his biographer states: "Colonel Waddell had now become the foremost soldier in North Carolina. As an Indian fighter he had no equal in the province and no superior anywhere. He had learned all the tricks of the savage and he knew how to meet them. His hard life on the frontier had made him used to hardships and dangers. He had grown into a large, powerful man, with strong, active limbs, broad chest and shoulders. As a leader he was fearless, cool and calm in the midst of danger, and quick to see the best way out of it. ' ' Not all his time was taken up with fighting. In 1757, while in command at Fort Dobbs, he was elected to represent Rowan County in the As- sembly, and attended the session of that year at Winning-ton. While there he experienced the romance of his life, and fell a captive in love to Mary Haynes, daughter of Capt. Roger Haynes, an officer of the British Army. Captain Haynes owned a fine place named "Castle Haynes" near Wilmington. After his marriage Colonel Waddell made his home at Wilmington, but owned several plantations in Eowan, Anson, New Hanover and Bladen counties. His favorite residence was at Bellefont in Bladen County on the Cape Fear, about two miles below Elizabethtown. In 1760 Colonel Waddell was again elected a member of the Assembly, and after his removal to Bladen County he was elected four times. He was also recommended to the king for appointment to the Council, by both Governor Dobbs and Gover- nor Tryon. Hugh Waddell was the leader of the North Carolina forces in active resistence to the notor- ious stamp act, and in November, 1765, was commander of the armed colonists who assembled on the banks of Cape Fear and forbade and pre- vented the captain of the English war vessel Diligence, from bringing the stamps to shore. On this occasion Colonel Waddell placed himself squarely in opposition to Governor Tryon and the king's government, but only a little later he stood by Governor Tryon in his fight against the regu- lators, who were in open rebellion and refusing to obey the laws or to pay taxes. There is good ground for holding that Colonel Waddell 's course was justified by consistency rather than incon- sistency. He was an enemy both of tyranny and of lawlessness, and the regulators he considered a lawless body. Hugh Waddell was appointed by Governor Tryon as general of the army raised by the governor to oppose the regulators. However. Waddell did not arrive in Alamance in time to take part in the famous battle there. In 1772 General Waddell started on a trip to England, but was suddenly taken ill before board- ing ship, and after nearly a year of suffering died April 9, 1773. Bosworth Clifton Beckwith during his thirty years of honorable and active membership in the North Carolina bar has attained position and in- fluence that ranks him among the ablest lawyers of his state. Born in New Hanover County, North Carolina, October 2, 1859, a son of James L. S. and Evelyn (Clifton) Beckwith, he is the son of a man who rose to distinction in the profession of medi- cine and in the service of his home state and nation. Dr. James L. S. Beckwith was appointed to mid- shipman in the United States navy by President John Tyler, but resigned from the navy in 1846. He took the degree of M. D. in the University of Pennsylvania and applied himself to the private practice of medicine. At the outbreak of the war between the states lie entered the Confederate army and served with the rank of surgeon until he was killed in 1865, at the close of the war. Bosworth C. Beckwith, who was six years of age when his father died, was liberally educated, graduating A. B. in 1883 from Trinity College, North Carolina, and then pursuing his law course in the Greensboro Law School. He was admitted HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 215 to practice law by the Supreme Court in February, 1884, and a few years later, in 1887, began the practice of law in Raleigh, where he has since looked after his large general practice. 1 n the meantime frequent honors have come to him in public life. In 1885 he was engrossing clerk In the State Senate. From 1884 for ten years he served as secretary of the State Democratic Com- mittee. He was elected and served for fourteen vears as a commissioner of internal improvements 'for the State of North Carolina. In 1900 Mr. Beckwith was a presidential elector on the demo- cratic ticket, and for the past six years, from 1910 to 1916, he has given a capable service as county attorney of Wake County. His service covered three terms of two years each. He is one of the honored members of the North Carolina Bar Asso- ciation. February 2, 1S92, in Wake County, Mr. Beck- with married Iola Bledso. They have two children. Clifton Warren Beckwith was educated in the literary and law departments of the University of North Carolina, graduating in February, 1916, and is now in early practice at Raleigh. Chloe, the only daughter, is a graduate of St. Mary's School. Of.orge D. Hodgin. The Hodgin family has been closely identified with the commercial, civic and institutional life of Winston-Salem for half a century. Among the former business men of the city the name of Stephen Hodgin is espe- cially well remembered. His son, George D. Hod- gin, Jias also been active in commercial life and during the past ten years has developed some of the most attractive residence districts in the sub- urban sections. The High School Building and the Young Men 's Christian Association Building now mark the site formerly occupied by the old Hodgin homo, which stood on Cherry Street at the cor- ner of West Fourth. That home was occupied by the late Stephen Hodgin for mauy years. Ste- phen Hodgin was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, February 8, 1827. His parents were natives of England and were members of the So- ciety of Friends. Stephen acquired a good busi- ness education and as a young man went to Virginia, where he clerked in a mercantile es- tablishment for several years. About the begin- ning of the war between the states he returned to North Carolina and became an employe of the Confederate Government. For the Government he operated a general supply store in Randolph County, and his capable energies were employed in that direction until the close of the war. He then removed to Bairdstown, where he was a merchant for several years, but in 1868 came to Winston and thenceforward was one of the lead- ing merchants of the city until he retired sev- eral years before his death. He was first in business with N. D. Sullivan, their store, con- ducted under the name Hodgin & Sullivan, being located on the southwest corner of Liberty and Fourth streets. Later George Hinshaw was ad- mitted to the firm, the name being Hodgin, Hinshaw & Company. When Mr. Hinshaw with- drew the firm again became Hodgin & Sullivan. Soon after coming to Winston Stephen Hodgin became a member and treasurer of the Planters Warehouse Company. This Company erected a warehouse on the northwest corner of Trade and Fifth streets. The building was leased to M. W. Norfleet. Stephen Hodgin had unusual business ability, and his power and influence were recognized for the good of the community during the many years he lived in Winston- Salem. Stephen Hodgin married Lucy Moir. She was born on a farm in Rockingham County, North Carolina, February 24, 1832. Her father, Alex- ander Moir, was a native of Scotland, settled in Rockingham County when he came to America, bought some extensive land, and operated a plantation with the aid of slave labor. Besides farming he was a tobacco manufacturer. Alex- ander Moir reared a large family of children. Stephen Hodgin and wife had four children: Anna, who married John W. Hanes; James Moir, deceased; George D.; and Mary, deceased. George D. Hodgin was born at Bairdstown in Guilford County, North Carolina, October 24, 1867. He came to Winston when an infant, grew up in that city and attended the public schools. At the age of fourteen he started out to make his own way in the world. His first employment was as collecting teller for the First National Bank. After four years in that position he was promoted to head bookkeeper and remained with the bank three years longer. At the end of that time he resigned to engage in tobacco manufacturing with his brother James and L. L. Lunn. His brother died about three years later, and he and Mr. Lunn then contin- ued the business until Mr. Lunn's death three years later. The business was then discontinued. From tobacco manufacturing Mr. Hodgin en- gaged in the real estate and insurance business. He was associated with G. A. Follin under the name of Follin & Hodgin, but after three years sold his interests and then organized the Realty Exchange of which he is president and principal owner. In 1906 Mr. Hodgin bought 200 lots in what is known as Liberty Heights in North Win- ston-Salem. He has used a great deal of care in developing this property for residence pur- poses and much the greater part has been sold to individual purposes. He subsequently -bought the land near the Granville school in West Win- ston-Salem, and also in the locality known as Lewis Heights in North Winston. Each of these tracts have been developed and that develop- ment has added materially to the expansion and improvement of the city. Outside of busines affairs Ml Hodgin takes his greatest delight in his church. He is a mem- ber of the West End Methodist Episcopal Church, South, His affiliation formerly was with the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church, and he was a member of its board of stewards in 1887. In 1888 the quarterly conference voted to build a church in North Winston. Mr. Hodgin was appointed a member of the building committee and trustee. A lot was bought and the church edifice erected in 1889. It was named the Burk- head Church, in honor of a former pastor of Centenary Church. It is now known as Burk- head Institutional Church. In December, 1909. Mr. Hodgins became one of the organizers of the West End Methodist Episcopal Church, South, being elected one of its first trustees and a mem- ber of the building committee. Services were held in the chapel of the West End graded school building until the church building was completed in 1912. In 1910 this church had a membership of 262, while in 1916 its member- ship rose to more than 600. Mr. Hodgin is a member of the Bible class of its Sunday school. 216 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA He is a member and has served as vice presi- dent of the Twin City Club. He was a member of its finance and building committee when in 1912 the present home of the club was erected at a cost of $50,000. This club has a member- ship of 500, the membership being limited to that number, and there is a large waiting list. James Lafayette Egerton, M. D. In the prac- tical work of his profession as a physician and surgeon and in his devotion to the interests of the medical fraternity and welfare of the community Doctor Egerton is one of the conspicuous citizens of Hendersonville, where he has lived and practiced his calling for forty years. He is a fine representa- tive of the older type of medical practitioners and at the same time has all the ability and skill of the modern doctor, and is highly esteemed for the con- scientious devotion he has given to the duties of his calling. Dr. Egerton was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina, November 30, 1856, a son of Dr. Thomas E. and Sarah (Logan) Egerton. He had a worthy example before him to lead him into the choice of a profession, since his father practiced medicine from early days until the closing years of his life and also served with the rank of sur- geon in the Confederate Army. Dr. James L. was liberally educated, having attended public schools, Yarborough Academy at Eorest City, North Caro- lina, and took his medical work in the University of Maryland Medical Department at Baltimore, where he graduated M. D. in 1877. In July of the same year he located at Hendersonville, and that city has been the home and the center of his labo- rious life ever since. He has handled a general practice, was for years an active member of the Board of Health, and is a member in high stand- ing of the Henderson County, North Carolina, Tri- State and Southern Medical societies and the American Medical Association. Doctor Egerton has also been called and has responded to various demands upon his time for public duty. Eor four years he was postmaster of Hendersonville. He has been a director since organization of the First Bank & Trust Company and is an active member of the Baptist Church. Doctor Egerton married for his first wife Martha Fletcher, daughter of Dr. George W. Fletcher, of Fletcher, Henderson County. Mrs. Egerton died leaving three children: Josephine, wife of Dr. William E. Kirk; Elizabeth, wife of Erskin Ehringhouse, a dentist; and Estelle, wife of Perry Quatterbaum, of Conway, South Caro- lina. In 1893 Doctor Egerton married for his present wife Effie Burroughs, of Conway, South Carolina, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. F. G-. Bur- roughs. Mr. Burroughs was a Confederate sol- dier, going through the entire war, was one of the most prominent men of his locality, a general business man, and the founder of ' ' The Burroughs- Collins Company" at Conway. Martin Luther Kesler, D. D. As general manager of the Thomasville Baptist Orphanage, Martin Luther Kesler has proved himself a wise and efficient administrator, executing the affairs of the institution with great skill, keen foresight, and much ability, being alert in promoting its scholastic status and in the furtherance of its Christian ideals. A native son of North Carolina, he was born on a farm in Cool Spring Township, Iredell County, coming from pioneer ancestry. His grandfather Kesler, a prosperous planter, was, as far as known, a life-long resident of Eowan County, North Carolina. Charles Washington Kesler, Mr. Kesler 's father, was born and brought up in Eowan County, and being studiously inclined acquired a very good education when young. At the beginning of his active career he taught school for a while. Later he turned his attention to agriculture, and having settled on land in Cool Spring Township, Iredell County, was there a resident until his death, at the venerable age of eighty-six years. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Lazenby. She was born in Cool Spring Township, a daughter of Eobert and Margery (Lewis) Lazenby. Her father taught school in Iredell County when young, and was afterwards a farmer until his death. , Mr. Kesler 's mother was but fifty years old when called to the life beyond. To her and her husband five children were born, namely : Martin Luther, John Lewis, Minnie May, Mary and Margery. Brought up on the home farm, Martin L. Kesler first attended a subscription school, and later was a pupil in a free public school. Fitted for a higher education at Cool Spring Academy, and at Moravian Falls Academy, where for three years he was under the tutelage of Prof. George W. Greene, he entered in 1885, Wake Forest College, and was there graduated three years later with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His alma mater later conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. Mr. Kesler then entered the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary at Louisville, Ken- tucky, where he was graduated with the class of 1891. Returning to North Carolina, he was, or- dained to the ministry at his old home church in Iredell County, and immediately after that event accepted the pastorates of the Spring Hill and Laurinburg churches in Scotland County, where he remained five years. The ensuing year Mr. Kesler had charge of the Baptist Church at High Point, from there going to Rocky Mount, Edge- comb County, where he was engaged in his minis- terial work for two and a half years. Accepting then a call to Scotland Neck, he was pastor of the Baptist Church there for three and a half years. In 1903 Mr. Kesler assumed charge of a chureh at Morganton, North Carolina, and served as its pastor for two years, resigning in 1905 to accept his present position as general manager of the Thomasville Baptist Orphanage. This orphanage was opened November 11, 1885, with three members, a widow and two children. Improvements and enlargements of much value have since been made, many of them having been made under the supervision of Mr. Kesler. The estate at the present time consists of a tract of land containing 450 acres, a part of it lying within the city limits. A branch of the institution known as the Kennedy Memorial Home, was opened in 1914 with fifty children. Connected with this branch of the orphanage is a farm of 1,200 acres of land. The many substantial buildings at Thomasville, mostly of brick are conveniently ar- ranged, and will easily accommodate 500 pupils. Under a corps of efficient teachers the boys and girls of the institution are prepared for college, and while the girls are taking lessons in domestic science the boys are taking lessons in manual training and being taught useful trades. Mr. Kesler married, in 1892, Ethel Browne, who was horn in Aiken, South Carolina, a daughter of Dr. J. C. Browne, a prominent Baptist minister. Of their union three sons have been born, namely: John Malcolm, a graduate of Wake Forest College, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 217 is now employed as a mechanical engineer; James Courtney, a student at Wake Forest College; and Martin L., Jr., a fourth-grade pupil at the Orphanage. Prominent and active in educational circles, Mr. Kesler is a trustee of both Wake Forest College and Meredith College, and, by appointment of the governor, is a member of the board of trustees for the School for the Blind at Ealeigh, and like- wise a member of the State Board of Charities and Public Welfare. Wallace Carl Biddick. If a great educational institution can express the personalities and indi- vidual effort of one man, no better illustration could be found than the close relationship which exists between the North Carolina State College of Agri- culture and Engineering and its beloved president, W. C. Biddick. Mr. Biddick has been a member of the faculty and one of the executive officers of the college since 1892, when he was elected to fill the chair of engineering and mathematics. His fame as an engineer is widespread over North Carolina, but aside from what he has done as a member of that profession, he has exercised his most potent influence upon the great body of students who have from year to year assembled within the halls of the Agricultural and Engineering College and from that institution have gone out to perform the tasks fitted to their powers and carry the influence of the college throughout the length and breadth of the state. For seven years Mr. Biddick served as vice presi- dent of the Agricultural and Engineering College and at the 1916 meeting of the board of trustees he was unanimously elected for the presidency. That was only a fitting mark of appreciation for his many years of unceasing devotion to the school. Next to the honor thus conferred by the board of trustees, Mr. Biddick takes the greatest pleasure in the action of the body of alumni of the college when in their annual meeting in 1916 they gave Professor Biddick their unanimous and enthusiastic endorsement for the presidency of the college. His has been a long career of practical work and broadening educational influence. He was born on a farm seven miles northeast of Baleigh in Wake County, August 5, 1864, a son of Wiley Goodman and Anna Ivy (Jones) Biddick. The Riddick family were among the earliest settlers in Eastern North Carolina, the old family seat hav- ing been in Gates County. Professor Biddick 's mother was born and reared in Wake County. After instruction under a private tutor Mr. Biddick entered a preparatory school at Forestville, North Carolina, under Dr. B. H. Lewis. He attended Wake Forest College and the University of North < 'arolina, where he was graduated in the classical course in 1885. For two years after leaving col- lege he taught in Stokes County. In 1887 he entered Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, where he pursued the technical studies leading up to the degree of civil engineer. He was a member of the football team in Lehigh University and his interest in athletics has never subsided. He has always encouraged wholesome outdoor sport as a supple- mentary part of the training received in the Agricultural and Engineering College, and it is a happy tribute to his influence in this direction that the college athletic park is named Biddick Field. After receiving his diploma as a civil engineer Mr. Biddick spent two years as resident engineer of the Boanoke Navigation and Water Power Company 's canal at Weldon, North Carolina. The City of Baleigh and the state at large owe much to his thorough experience and broad ideals as an engineer. As engineer in charge he is given credit for the efficient waterworks system installed by the municipal government of Baleigh in 1914. The efficiency of this system has no superior in any city of the size in the South. When Baleigh bought the old waterworks from its private owners, a complete rebuilding and remodeling of the plant became necessary, and Professor Biddick had charge of the work of construction of a storage pond on Walnilt Creek and the installation of all the new machinery and water mains. Naturally enough he has been keenly interested in the movement for better highways for the state. He is a member of the North Carolina Good Boads Society, the State Highway Commission, the Na- tional Highways Association and has served as chairman of the Wake County Boads Commission. He was a member of Governor Glenn's staff as lieutenant colonel of the engineers and is a member of the North Carolina Academy of Science and of the National Society for the Promotion of Engi- neering Education. In June, 1917, the honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Wake Forest College and by Lehigh University. Socially he belongs to the Kappa Alpha fraternity and the Country Club, the Capital Club and the Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of the First Baptist Church. Ln 1893 Mr. Biddick married Miss Lillian Daniel of Weldon, North Carolina. They are the parents of five children: Wallace W. Biddick, Lillian, Narcissa, Anna and Eugenia. Wallace W. was graduated in civil engineering from the Agricultural and Engineering College, class of 1916, and is at the present time (February, 1918), captain and adjutant in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Artillery, United States Army. Hox. Frank Shepherd Spruill. Among the men of mark in Eastern North Carolina must be named Frank Shepherd Spruill, who is recog- nized as one of the ablest lawyers in the state. He has been a resident of Boeky Mount since January, 1908, having come to make his home in this city when appointed division counsel of the gTeat Atlantic Coast Line Bailway system. Brilliant and successful in the law, scarcely less important have been his achievements in public life, he having been associated with some of the greatest men of this nation. Frank S. Spruill was born December 9, 1862, in Martin County, North Carolina. His parents were William E. and Harriet (Arrington) Spruill, of Scotch-Irish and English stock. During the war between the states the family removed from Martin to Halifax county. The father of Mr. Spruill served through the war in the Confeder- ate army. In the public and in the private schools Frank Spruill secured his early educational training, and after deciding on the law as a career he directed his studies particularly along that line and completed a course in law in the University of North Carolina, obtaining his license to prac- tice in February, 1884. He located at Hender- son, North Carolina, and for one year was asso- ciated there with William H. Young, and then removed to Louisburg in Franklin County, where he became a partner of Hon. Joseph J. Davis, a former member of Congress and later judge of the North Carolina Supreme Court. His talents were immediately recognized and from 218 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA that day to the present he has taken high rank at the bar. Heredity, training and invironment were all factors in bringing the brilliant young lawyer to the front in politics and he soon became re- cognized as one of the democratic leaders in the county, his usual gift of oratory making him a powerful force in' every campaign. In 1888 he was sent as a delegate to the Demo- cratic National Convention that nominated Hon. Grover Cleveland for the presidency for a second term, and in the campaign of that year. Mr. Spruill was reckoned one of the most effective public speakers in the state. In 1898 he was sent to the State Legislature from Franklin County, and during his period of service rendered conspicuous service, especially on the judiciary committee and as chairman of the co mm ittee on railroads and railroad commissioners. Many pub- lie positions were tendered Mr. Spruill at this time and he was appointed a member of the directing board of the state prison, by Governor Carr. From this position he soon resigned but later accepted an appointment as a director of the North Carolina Railroad, and in this position he rendered invaluable services in opposition to the proposed new lease for ninety-nine years of that railroad to the Southern Railway Company. During President Cleveland's second term Mr. Spruill served with great ability as assistant United States district attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina. In 1904 his party once more demonstrated confidence in Mr. Spruill by nominating him for another term as repre- sentative, but this honor he felt compelled to de- cline because of his subsequent nomination as one of the presidential electors for the state at large by the Democratic State Convention. He took a most active part in the campaign of that year and his speeches in Mr. Alton B. Parker's behalf were favorably commented on all over the state, not only because of their beautiful dic- tion but of their unanswerable logic. Mr. Spruill had much to do with bringing out the great democratic majority that marked the North Carolina vote. For a number of years he was counted one of the great political forces in the state, capable of arousing enthusiasm wherever he went on a political mission and loyally serv- ing party and candidates. On January 1, 1908, Mr. Spruill came to Rocky Mount and through choice this beautiful little city has ever since been his home and its citizens appreciate the distinction his presence gives. He is a member of the law firm of Bunn & Spruill, justly considered one of the strongest combinations of .legal talent in the state. As division counsel of the Atlantic Coast Line Rail- road system, he occupies a position of profes- sional eminence. Mr. Spruill was married in 1886 to Miss Alice Capehart Winston. She belongs to a celebrated family. Her parents were Hon. Patrick Henry and Martha Elizabeth (Byrd) Winston. She is a sister of ex-Judge and ex-Lieutenant Gov- ernor Francis D. Winston, Judge Robert W. Win- ston, Patrick Henry Winston, ex-attorney gen- eral of the state of Washington, and George Taylor Winston, ex-president of the University of North Carolina, ex-president of the North Car- olina A. & M. College and of the University of fexas. Mr. and Mrs. Spruill have three children: Mrs. Thomas Alexander, of Charlotte, North Caro- lina, Miss Martha Byrd and Frank Shepherd. The family home is an elegant residence situated on Falls Road, and in its hospitality tendered and its refined atmosphere there pervades the charm that has made social life in exclusive circles in North Carolina a notable part in the intimate history of the state. James William Hays, cashier of the Toisnot Banking Company at Elm City, was for many years one of the leading educators of North Car- olina, and the work he did as an individual teacher and as a school administrator is not easily overestimated. Mr. Hays was born in Nash County, North Carolina, March 27, 1857, a son of Levi Mercer and Martha (Batts) Hays. His father was a farmer. Mr. Hays was educated in the Wilson Collegiate Institute, and from early boyhood showed unusual talent for artistic performance. To cultivate these talents he went to New York City, and was a student in Cooper Institute and also the National Academy of Design. In 1881 he returned home at the death of . his father, and through the burdens of responsibility thrown upon him as manager of the estate he" gave up his ambition for an artistic career. However, he found an outlet for his talents in the field of teaching. He began his work as a teacher in 1883, and for some time was super- intendent of the Toisnot graded schools. In 1881-82 he taught art and drawing in the Nor- mal School at Wilson and for a number of years had charge of drawing and penmanship in sum- mer schools. From 1885 to 1891 he was em- ployed as a bookkeeper at Wilson and in 1892 became principal of the Creswell private schools and in 1893 became connected with the Wilson Collegiate Institute. In 1894 Mr. Hays was elected county superintendent of public instruc- tion of Wilson County and filled that position eleven years, part of the time being also prin- cipal of the Elm City Academy. He finally gave up teaching as a personal matter and gave all his time to the supervision of the county schools and did much to build up the entire school system of Wilson County. In the meantime for a number of years from 1903 to 1909 he was in the life and fire insur- ance business, and he still has a large amount of farming land in Wilson County. Mr. Hays was elected cashier of the Toisnot Banking Com- pany in 1909. He has long been prominent in Odd Fellowship, has filled all the chairs in the Subordinate Lodge. is a member of the Encampment and has sat in the State Grand Lodge. He took his first de- grees in Masonry in 1887 and is a past master of his lodge and a Knight Templar. He is one of the charter members of Elm City Council of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. His church affiliations are with the Methodist Episcopal, South, in which he is a steward. Mr. Hays is a man of thorough culture, has traveled extensively, and in 1891 made a tour of Europe, where he paid particular attention to the great art centers. On July 3, 1895, he married Miss Beulah Grady, of Halifax, North Carolina. Mrs. Hays died Oc- tober 12, 1913, leaving two children: Mary Belle, still at home; and James William, Jr., now a student in Trinity College at Durham, North Car- olina. ** J *k 49% (Lfrvv\ , c/< *J*lA-£\ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 221 eepted the more readily since it would enable him to continue his residence in Charlotte. A word should now be said regarding some general aspeets of this industry, with which the public in general is perhaps not familiar. • In April, 1917, a new $20,000,000 dye stuff cor- poration was formed by the reorganization of the National Aniline and Chemical Company, to include the old interests of the original company and the plants and interests of a number of other dye stuff manufacturers. This great amal- gamated concern absorbed the former Sehoelkopf Aniline and Chemical Works, the W. Beckers Ani- line and Chemical Works, the Benzol Products Company of Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, and such sections of the plants of the Semet-Solvay Company of Syracuse: the Barrett Company Works at Frankfort. Pennsylvania; the General Chemical Company of New York : and other factories which produce those coal tar intermediates entering into the manufacture of the finished colors. The en- tire business of this new amalgamation is under the control and is known by the name of the National Aniline and Chemical Company, Incor- porated, of which Mr. William J. Matheson is president, and the general office headquarters are in New York. This was the first step taken since the war began in Europe toward the mobilization of all the factors entering into the creation of a strictly American dye stuffs industry, for the purpose of insuring its permanency and to meet upon more approximately even terms the business compe- tition with foreign dye stuff manufacturers which must ensue inevitably at the close of the war. The amalgamated interests are not a trust or combination in the accepted sense of the word, but is an effective "pooling" or centralization of productive efforts and capital in the coal tar and chemical industries of this country against the possibilities of all future foreign competi- tion. This great corporation actually delivers its product .from the coal mine to the consumer, hav- ing control of every process from one end of the line to the other. It owns its own mines, and also utilizes various coke oven by-products plants, and manufactures all intermediates and acids. The primary purpose, as already stated, is to meet the post-bellum competition with a united front and with a strength of resource which can be found alone in such industrial co-operation. As a citizen of Charlotte Mr. Dabbs is known for his public spirit and helpfulness in forward- ing every progressive movement. One of the chief factors in this progressive era of the city is the Rotarians, of which Mr. Dabbs is a mem- ber and officer, and also the Chamber of Com- merce, with which he is actively connected. Mr. Dabbs is a high degree Mason, a Knight Templar and thirty-second degree Scottish Rite, has filled chairs in all the orders and degrees, and is a past potentate of Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. Mr. Dabbs married Miss" Zoe Baker, of Chesterfield County, South Carolina. Their two children are Miss Mabel Dabbs and John L. Dabbs. Benjamin Kittrell Lassitee is a prominent business man of Oxford and is also serving the town as postmaster. Mr. L:is-iter is a native of Oxford, born No- vember 25, 1884, a son of Robert W. and Letty (Kittrell) Lassiter. His father is a well known banker of this section of North Carolina. The son was educated in Oxford !s most famous insti- tution, the Horner Military School, aud from there entered the University of North Carolina, where he was graduated in the literary course in 1905 and obtained his LL. B. degree from the law de- partment in 1907. Mr. Lassiter practiced law five years with Gen. B. S. Royster, after which he was alone in the profession, and is now a member of the firm of Parham & Lassiter, his partner being B. W. Parham. Besides a general practice as a lawyer Mr. Lassi- ter is treasurer of Robert W. Lassiter & Company, treasurer of the Raleigh Granite Company, and came to his responsibilities and duties as post- master of Oxford by open competition with rivals for that office, a primary having been held on April 6, 1917, at which Mr. Lassiter polled a plurality of votes. He has been active in demo- cratic party affairs, was chairman of the Executive Committee of Granville County in 1911, and in 1912 was elected chairman of the County Board of Education. He is a member of the Masonic- Order, the Woodmen of the World, the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and in 1916 was delegate to the Grand Lodge of the latter order at Raleigh. He is junior warden in St. Stephen's Episcopal Church. December 29, 1915, Mr. Lassiter married Doro- thea Coggeshall Niles, daughter of Dr. G. A. and Eliza S. Coggeshall. They have one daughter, Letty Kittrell Lassiter. John A. Park. A leading representative of the Raleigh press, John A. Park has proved himself one of the most forceful of the younger genera- tion of citizens of Raleigh having always used his fine journalistic talents in the furtherance of what he has conceived to be for the best interests of the city, and merging the two characters of citizen and newspaper man into a high personal combination which has been generally recognized as an example well worthy of emulation. Mr. Park was born at Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1885, and secured his education in the public schools of his native city. Seeking further training he entered the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege, and in order to secure the means for his higher education did newspaper work during his vacation periods and also conducted several col- lege magazines. During his college career he won considerable reputation as an orator, in proof of which he can show two medals won in this direction. Upon his graduation, with the degree of Mechanical Engineer, he began teaching higher mathematics in the Agricultural and Mechanical College and con- tinued to be so engaged for three years, in the meantime selling automobiles as a side line. Also, he had experience as a cowboy and as a fireman on a steamship, and finally went to Paris to study art, but returned to the land of his birth when con- vinced that other pursuits called him. On his return Mr. Park became proprietor of an automo- bile garage, but found this not profitable in that day of poor roads, and in 1912 disposed of his interests in the automobile line to become manager of the Raleigh Times, an evening newspaper which, under his management, has grown to large pro- portions and is now considered in the light of a necessary journalistic adjunct. Mr. Park is decidedly what is known as a "live wire.'' No movement for t) betterment of civic conditions is considered complete without his name upon its list of supporters, and he has been the leader of a. number of enterprises which have re- 222 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA suited in progress and advancement, particularly along the lines of good roads and better schools. He was chairman of the committee which success- fully launched commission government in Raleigh, and led the fight for a bond issue which resulted in magnificent streets for his home city. Also, he has promoted various concerts by eminent artists, a market house opening and several trade extension movements. Mr. Park is a director of the Rotary Club, the Chamber of Commerce and the Southern Association of Newspaper Publishers, is vice president of the Young Men 's Christian Asso- ciation, and is actively identified with the Merchants Association, the Baraca Union, the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity and the North Carolina Press Association. He belongs to the Edenton Street Methodist Church, is assistant superintendent of the Sunday school, and for several years has served as a member of the board of stewards. In 1909 Mr. Park was united in marriage with Miss Lily Helen Pair, of Johnston County, North Carolina, and they are the parents of three children. William Weldon Huske, of Fayetteville, is a member of one of the old and prominent families of this section of North Carolina. He is a son of Major Wright and Harriet (Hall) Huske. His grandfather was John Huske. One of Major Wright Huske 's brothers was Rev. Joseph Cald- well Huske who was an Episcopal clergyman and one of the finest characters and most beloved men among the people of Cumberland County. Major Wright Huske was born at Fayetteville and prior to the war was a member and an officer of the Fayette Independent Light Infan- try. He held the. rank of major at the time the organization volunteered for service in the Confederate Army at the time of the war. He was with his command at Bethel, the first battle of the war, and was in service during the six months' term of enlistment. The members of the organization then returned home and joined other regiments. Major Huske became an officer in McNeill's Cavalry and performed some of the strenuous work laid upon the cavalry branch of the Confederate Army during the oper- ations in Virginia. After about two years his health gave way under the hard service, and after that he was in charge of Camp Mangum until the close of the war. Before the war Major Huske had been teller in the old Bank of Cape Fear at Fayettville. Following the war he was engaged in farming in Cumberland County, was also a successful tur- pentine and lumber operator for some years, but for a considerable time before his death, which occurred in 1907, w : as engaged in the seed and grocery business with his nephew A. S. Huske. Major Huske 's first wife was Miss Harriet Hall. She was a beautiful and cultured young woman who died in 1857, before reaching her twenty-second year. Hers was a distinguished an- oestory. Born in Halifax County, North Caro- lina she was a great-granddaughter of Judge Hall, of the Supreme Court of this state, and was a great-great-granddaughter of Gen. H. W. Har- rington. General Harrington was one of the historic characters in North Carolina and helped make glorious the Revolutionary annals of Rich- mond County. William W. Huske in his home at Fayetteville has some interesting relics and heirlooms on his mother's side of the family. Among these are the private desk and bookcase of General Harrington and also a hand wrought silver inkstand, quill pen, sword, cane, and other relics of Revolutioaary times once the posses- sions of General Harrington. Mr. Huske also «has a complete set of daguerrotype portraits of his mother and of four grandmothers up to the time of General Harrington, including one of that Revolutionary patriot. There is also in the collection a daguerrotype of William W. Huske, taken in 1860, when he was five years of age. This portrait shows him dressed in the full dress uniform of the Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry, his father 's old regiment. Just before the war Major Huske married Miss Annie McDiarmid, member of one of the early Scotch families of Cumberland County. William Weldon Huske was born at Fayette- ville in 1855, grew up and received his education in his native city, and for several years of his young manhood was engaged in the retail shoe business at Thomasville. However, agriculture has been the vocation to which he has given long- est and sturdiest allegiance. He has a beauti- ful home on his farm, which consists of from ninety to a hundred acres and lies on the west side of the city, adjoining Haymount, the fashionable residence district. Mr. Huske was for some time a vestryman of St. Thomas Episcopal Church, situated three miles west of Fayetteville, and this was founded by his urn ie Rev. J. C. Huske After that church organization was abandoned Mr. Huske became a communicant of St. John 's Church in Fayetteville, where he still worships. His wife was before her marriage Miss Eliza Hall Manning. Her father, Judge John Manning, was for many years dean of the Law School of the University of North Carolina. Mrs. Huske is also a sister of Judge J. S. Manning of Raleigh. Various members of the Manning family axe re- ferred to on other pages. Mrs. Huske was born at Pittsboro, North Carolina, but was reared at Chapel Hill. Like her husband, she reckons among her ancestors Judge John Hall of Hali- fax County. Mr. and Mrs. Huske have five children: Mary Weldon, wife of Dick Lewis, Jr., of Oxford; Louise Manning, wife of Dr. John W. S. Jordan,_ of Fayetteville : Harriet Eleanor ; John Manning', is now with the United States Army; and Isaac Fall Huske. Charles Coleman Covington. Wilmington has long honored Charles Coleman Covington as one of its leading importing jobbers who has been an effective factor in building up a large trade in im- ported molasses. This is especially true of the best grades made in the West Indies. He is also ac- tively interested in every movement for the moral and industrial advancement, of the city. He was born in Rockingham, Richmond County, North Carolina, July 3, 1857, and represents an old and distinguished family of North Carolina on both maternal and paternal lines. His parents were Edwin Poythrcss and Louisa (Coleman) Cov- ington. His father was a commission merchant for many years in Wilmington. Mr. Covington is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, a Pythian and is also a member of the Society of the Cincinnati by reason of his lineage on both sides of the house. He is a great-great-grandson of Lieut. William Covington and Capt. Benjamin Andrew Coleman of the North Carolina Continental Line. He was prepared for College by the late George W. Jewett and entered the University of North HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 223 Carolina in 1875 where he was graduated in 1878. He at once embarked upon an active business career. In December, 1S84, he was married to Miss Emmie Cromartie, a daughter of the late Duncan and Mary A. Cromartie of Bladen County, North Carolina. Julian Percival Kitchin is a lawyer who has sustained a high reputation and a record for most efficient work, has for a number of years been identified with Asheville and that section of the state where he is member of the law firm Britt & Kitchin, his partner being former con- gressman J. J. Britt. Mr. Kitchin was born in Scotland Neck, Halifax County, North Carolina, March 10, 1879, son of Lewis L. and Addie G. (Smith) Kitchin. His father was a farmer and lumberman. Julian P. Kitchin attended the Vine Hill Male Academy at Scotland Neck, and spent three years in the Vir- ginia Polytechnic School. For a year he worked in the electrical engineering department of the Southern Bell Telephone Company at Norfolk, Virginia, and returning to North Carolina was secretary to the superintendent of the North Carolina School for the Deaf and Dumb at Mor- ganton. During one year he was a student of law in private offices, and much of his time while a student of law and since admission to the bar has been taken up with business affairs. He was secretary-treasurer of the Scotland Neck Cotton Mills three years. April 9, 1902, Mr. Kitchin married Hesta Reed of Biltmore, daughter of M. L. Reed, a farmer and former county commissioner of Buncombe County. Mr. and Mrs. Kitchin have two children, Mark Beed and Julian Percival, Jr. On account of the ill health of his wife, Mr. Kitchin moved to the Asheville district of the state, and for eight years he was secretary and assistant to the manager of the Biltmore Farms. In August, 1913, he was admitted to the bar, and soon afterward entered practice with J. J. Britt under the firm name of Britt & Kitchin at Ashe- ville. From 1907 to 1910 Mr. Kitchin served as mayor of Biltmore, and after returning to that town to reside was elected to the same office in 1912, and has continued the chief executive of the municipality ever since. He organized the Bilt- more Board of Trade, has been president of that organization from the beginning, is a former secretary of the Biltmore Forest School, is attorney for South Biltmore and is one of the men of chief influence upon whom devolve most of the responsi- bilities of leadership in civic affairs in his home community. He is superintendent of the Baptist Sunday School and is chairman of the Democratic Precinct Committee. Edmund Burwell Crow. Raleigh has long been distinguished for its high rank in its banking sys- tem, and in this field of activity the business here is represented by many men of high standing and state-wide prominence. Among the alert and enter- prising financiers of this city who during the past decade, have utilized the opportunities offered for business preferment and have attained thereby a notable success, and whose careers are typical of modern progress and advancement, one who is well known is Edmund Burwell Crow, cashier of the Commercial National Bank. Mr. Crow is a native son of Raleigh, and was born August 18, 1875, his parents being William H. and Nannie (Burwell) Crow. His father was identified with the insurance business throughout his life, and was a pioneer in that line of activity in North Carolina. Edmund B. Crow received his education in the Raleigh city schools and Morson Academy, and when he graduated from the last- named institution, at the age of seventeen years, became identified with banking. His first position was as collector for the Commercial and Farmers Bank, which subsequently became the Commercial National Bank of Raleigh, as now. He applied himself to his work with industry and fidelity and was gradually advanced to position after position of added importance and responsibility until in 1910 he was made cashier of the institution, which post he still retains. He is widely known in bank- ing circles as a skilled and well-trained financier, and various other enterprises and corporations have had the benefit of his business skill and finan- cial foresight. As a man of sound and discriminating judgment Mr. Crow is interested in all that pertains to modern progress and advancement along material, intellectual and moral lines. He is a member of the Wake County Board of Education, a trustee of Peace Institute, secretary of the board of trustees of Rex Hospital, and a director of the Young Men's Christian Association. He has long been active in the Chamber of Commerce, and is ex-treasurer of the Raleigh Rotary Club, while his fraternal connection is with the Junior Order United American Mechanics. He has likewise been active in the work of the First Presbyterian Church, being an elder, member of the "Van- guard ' ' and teacher of this Bible class. On July 3, 1900, Mr. Crow was married to Miss Mary Dinwiddie, daughter of James Dinwiddie, the president of Peace Institute, and to this union there have been born four children : Nannie Burwell, Edmund Burwell, Jr., Hubert Dinwiddie and Mary Dinwiddie. The family residence is one of Raleigh's beautiful homes. W. Conyers Herring, M. D. A southerner by birth, member of a prominent, family of Georgia, Dr. Herring after extended experience and prominent connections with medical and sur- gical professions abroad and in New York City has brought his talents and experience to North Carolina and is now in active charge of the re- cently installed X-Ray and bacteriological depart- ments of the Presbyterian Hospital at Charlotte. A large part of Dr. Herring's experience has been in connection with leading hospitals rather than as a general practitioner. He did work in his special lines in the hospitals of New York City and Paris, and for a number of years had charge of the X-Ray department of the German Hospital in New York City. Dr. Herring was born at Atlanta, Georgia, son of William F. and Chloe (Conyers) Herring. About two centuries ago the Herring family in England had as its most prominent representa- tive Sir Thomas Herring, who became Archbishop of Canterbury. Three of his nephews came to Virginia in 1721, and it is from one of them that Dr. Herring is descended. Dr. Herring's grand- father, William Herring, was born in Virginia. In early life he went to Georgia, locating in Fay- etteville, and afterwards moving to Fulton Coun- ty. His home was in the community then or afterward for some years known as Marthas- ville, and that nucleus of early settlement has since developed into the great commercial center 224 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA of ' Atlanta. Friends of the Herring family seemed to think it possible that old Marthasville was named for Martha Herring, wife of William Herring, since they were among the first settlers of that locality. William F. Herring, father of Dr. Herring, was also a native Georgian and a man of great promin- ence in that state both in business and commer- cial affairs. For a number of years he was a member of the Cleghorn & Herring partnership, cotton merchants and exporters. He was a pio- neer in introducing commercial fertilizer into Georgia, effecting a revolution in the cotton grow- ing industry. He was also one of the builders and was president of the Augusta & Port Royal Railroad, extending from Augusta, Georgia, to Port . Royal, South Carolina. Dr. Herring was named for his maternal grand- father Dr. William Denson Conyers. The Conyers family in Georgia is descended from Thomas Conyers, a native of England, from which country he came to America after participation in a re- bellion by the Duke of Monmouth in 1685. Thomas Conyers lies buried under the old Huguenot Church at Charleston, South Carolina. He was descended by separate female lines from William the Conqueror and from Charlemagne. The Con- yers family was probably more prominent in South Carolina than elsewhere. Five or six of them were captains in the Revolution or in the early wars prior to that struggle. Three, Daniel, James and John Conyers, were majors in the Con- tinental army. Dr. Conyers was one of the most influential char- acters of Georgia for many years. Besides being a physician he owned a large amount of land and slaves, and was the leader in various business and industrial enterprises of the ante-bellum period. The name of his plantation was Rockdale, and Rockdale County in which it was situated was named for this plantation. The town of Conyers in Rockdale County, now a flourishing and wealthy little city, was also named in his honor. He was a native of Georgia and among other achievements was one of the builders of the Georgia Railroad, from Atlanta to Augusta. Dr. Herring was reared and received his early education both at Augusta and Atlanta. At the age of fourteen he was sent abroad and was given a liberal education, chiefly in England and France. He began the study of medicine while in Europe and in the late '80s returned to America and was graduated M. D. in 1890 from the University of New York. He also has a degree from the Uni- versity of Paris, and much of his student career was spent in the French capital. Dr. Herring returned to America permanently in 1906. Until December, 1917, he practiced his profession in New York City and in New York State. In December, 1917, having a strong de- sire to return to his native Southland, and partly also as a matter of health, he came to Charlotte and arranged to make this city his future home and the scene of his professional activities. He accepted the offer from the Presbyterian Hospital at Charlotte to establish in the new hospital building an X-Ray and bacteriological laboratory with modern and complete equipment which Dr. Herring brought with him from the North. His principal work, however, is that of diagnostician for the hospital. Few men in any State excel Dr. Herring in diagnosis, and every judgment he pronounces is fortified by a quarter century of training and association with many of the largest institutions and most noted men in medicine and surgery. The wealthy city of Charlotte, situated in the center of one of the richest agricultural and industrial districts in the South, offers a splendid field for Dr. Herring's efforts. In 1914 he married Miss Mary Joy. Mrs. Her- ring is a native of Nova Scotia. Charles Guy Weaver has recently rounded out ten years of growing and successful law practice at Asheville, and today has a secure prestige as one of the leading civil lawyers of a bar that stands second to none in the state in point of ability and character of its membership. Mr. Weaver was born at Weaverville in Bun- combe County, North Carolina, January 20, 1882. His great-uncle, Monterville M. Weaver, was the man who laid out the Town of Weaverville. In that community Charles G. Weaver, better known as Guy Weaver, grew to manhood, received his early education in Weaverville College, from which so many prominent men in the western part of the state went into the practical walks of life, and in 1906 completed his law course at the University of North Carolina, and was admitted to the North Carolina bar in August, 1906. During the fol- lowing year he taught in Weaverville College, and began general practice at Asheville, August 27, 1907. He is a member of the Asheville and North Carolina Bar associations and is secretary and treasurer of the Northwest Realty Company of Asheville, and president of the Elk Mountain Brick Company. Mr. Weaver while a busy lawyer has become prominent in fraternal affairs and is a thirty- second degree Scottish Rite Mason, is a past grand master of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of North Carolina, and has served as grand repre- sentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge for two years. He is chairman of the Board of Stewards of the Chestnut Street Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and teacher of a Baraca Class in Chestnut Street Sunday School. Mr. Weaver was a member of the Legal Ad- visory Board of Buncombe County under the Selective Service Act, and has given a great deal of his time to advising registrants for military service in the National Army, as well as having served in Liberty Bond, War Savings Stamps and Red Cross campaigns in Buncombe, Haywood and Swain counties. January 1, 1913, Mr. Weaver married Berta M. Hughes, of Leicester, Buncombe County, daughter of Dr. William J. and Addie L. (Brown) Hughes. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver . have one daughter, Berta Adelaide. Peter Rensselaer Allen came to Asheville in 1907 as manager of the insurance department of the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company. He is an insurance man of wide and successful ex- perience, and a few years ago established the P. R. Allen Company, handling general insurance, fire, life, casualty, etc. Mr. Allen has identified himself closely with the important civic and social affairs of Asheville, and his associates recognize him as a man of great energy and of forceful ability. He was born in West Virginia December 1, 1873, a son of Nicholas N. and Susan (Martin) Allen. He was born on his father's farm, had a rural environment during 7iiost of his youth, and afterward managed to acquire a higher education. In 1897 he graduated from the normal college at /tzym^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 227 Carolina, December 29, 1867, and has a very inter- esting ancestry. All the members of the family are descended from Richard Few, of Quaker stock, who came to America with the Pennsylvania colonists in 1681, settling in what is now Chester County. One of his grandsons was William Few, who moved from Pennsylvania to Baltimore County, Maryland, where he married Mary Wheeler a de- vout Catholic, and a descendant of one of the early settlers of that section. In 1758 the family came to North Carolina, where William Few bought a tract of land on both sides of the river Eno near Hillsboro. William 's second son, James, was leader of the North Carolina Regulators, fought in the Battle of Alamance, was captured, and ex- ecuted without trial. After his death the Few family removed to Richmond County, Georgia. James left a widow and two children, William and Sally. Sally married a Methodist minister. Wil- liam came to South Carolina and settled in Green- ville. His son William was a soldier in the War of 1812. Benjamin Few, the youngest son of the War of 1812 soldier, was the father of Dr. Wil- liam Preston Few, and served as an assistant sur- geon in the Confederate army. He married Rachel Keudrick. William Preston Few did his preparatory work in Greer 's High School at Greer, South Caro- lina, and from that entered Wofford College at Spartanburg, where he was graduated A. B. in 1889. His graduate work was done in Harvard University, from which he received the Master of Arts degree in 1893 and the Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1896. Doctor Few also has the honorary degree Doctor of Laws conferred by Wofford Col- lege in 1911, Southwestern University in 1912, and Allegheny College in 1915. Following his gradua- tion at Wofford College he taught during the year 1889-90 in St. John's Academy at Darlington, South Carolina, and in 1890-91 was instructor of Latin and English in Wofford College Fitting School, and in 1891-92 instructor in English at Wofford College. In 1896 on returning from Harvard University Doctor Few became professor of English in Trinity College. In 1902 he was given the additional re- sponsibilities of dean, and in 1910 became presi- dent of the college. Doctor Few is a member of the Committee of Board of Overseers to visit the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Harvard University and is a trustee of the Jeanes Founda- tion. Since 1909 he has been a joint editor of the South Atlantic Quarterly and is a frequent writer and speaker on educational and social questions. He is an independent democrat, a member of the Harvard Club of New York, of the Commonwealth and Country clubs of Durham, and a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. Doctor Few is a prom- inent layman of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. He was delegate to the General Conference in 1914 and ill 1918, has been a member of the Educational Commission since 1898, and since 1914 a member of the General Sunday School Board. August 17, 1911, at Martinsville, Virginia, he married Mary Reamey Thomas, daughter of Lyne Starling Thomas. They have three children, Wil- liam, Lyne Starling and Kendrick Sheffield. Hon'. Cameron Morrison. Prominent among the native sons of the Old North State who have won distinction in publie life and high standing in the legal profession is Hon. Cameron Morrison, ex-state senator, leading democratic politician, and since 1906 a distinguished member of the Charlotte bar. Mr. Morrison is a man whose in- dustry has been indefatigable, and whose efforts have been so well directed that with little effort lie has accomplished large achievements. His mind is so quick and comprehensive and he makes upon others such a strong impression that he has always inspired confidence. This has helped in large measure to gain him his enviable posi- tion in his community and his county. Mr. Morrison was born at Rockingham, Rich- mond County, North Carolina, in 1869, and is a son of Daniel M. and Martha (Cameron) Mor- rison, the former of whom is still living at Rock- ingham, while the latter is deceased. Daniel M. Morrison was born in Chesterfield County, South Carolina, a son of a native of Scotland who was brought to the United States by his parents when twelve years old, first locating at Fayette- ville, North Carolina, and subsequently removing to Chesterfield County, South Carolina. Mrs. Morrison was the daughter of Hon. John Worthy Cameron, a native of Moore County, North Caro- lina, a man of extraordinary talents, and one of the most prominent lawyers and political lead- ers of ante-bellum days in his section of the state. He bore the reputation of being at least the equal of any lawyer of his day in his section of the state and was a very active and widely in- fluential man, both in his profession and in the publie and political affairs of his time. He was a member of the General Assembly of North Car- olina, acted in the capacity of presidential elec- tor and held various minor offices in his county and state. He likewise became known as an edi- tor, having for several years acted in that ca- pacity on the Fayetteville Argus, and his brilliant gifts as a writer are still remembered by the older generation, who subscribed to the paper. His wife was Caroline (Crawford) Cameron. Cameron Morrison was given his early educa- tion in the public schools of Richmond County, following which he studied law under the pre- ceptorship of Judge Dick, of Greensboro, North Carolina, and was admitted to the bar in 1892, his practice beginning in Richmond County. He soon became interested in public affairs, was rec- ognized as a man of ability and executive powers, and was elected mayor of Rockingham, acting as chief executive of the county seat of Richmond for one term. As his practice increased and he came more and more favorably before the peo- ple, additional honors were given him, culminat- ing in his election, in 1900, to the Upper House of the North Carolina General Assembly. His serv- ices in that body were of a nature calculated to increase his popularity among the people, and he was slated for higher honors, and in 1902 be- came the candidate of the democratic party for a seat, in Congress but met with defeat by a small majority after a close and exciting campaign. In 1906 he came to Charlotte, which has been his home and the seene of his success as a lawyer, and where his fine talents and ability have at- tracted to him a large and representative clien- tele. Mr. Morrison has been connected with much litigation of an important character, his work having carried him into all the courts. Not alone before the courts and juries as a pleader, but in political speaking as well, Mr. Morrison is gifted with splendid talents as an orator — forceful, elo- quent and winning. For this reason he is called upon in every campaign to do a goodly share of the work on the stump throughout the state, and has become personally acquainted with the lead- 228 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA ing men. He takes a deep and intelligent inter- est in politics, is a close student of party history and party principles, and for several years past has been chairman of the committee on platform of every Democratic State Convention. He was appointed to the Superior Court, but he declined the honor. Mr. Morrison married Miss Lottie Tomlinson, daughter of S. F. Tomlinson, of Durham, North Carolina, and they have one daughter: Angela. Mr. Morrison's offices are located in the Lawyers Building. Paul F. Haddock. The chemistry that lies at the bottom of the art of imparting colors to tex- tile and other materials has been made use of from time immemorial, and marvelous have been the results, particularly since 1856, when Perkm introduced the first of the coal tar colors. The manufacturers of these dyes and chemicals have carried on a great industry. Perhaps at no previous time in the United States have these manufacturers given more study, research and ex- periment to the discovery of new chemical agents and combinations than at present. A firm that has admirably met the demand for American made chemicals for the bleaching and dyeing industry is the E. C. Klipstein & Sons Company, of which A. Klipstein & Company, of New York City, are selling agents, and Paul F. Haddock, who is southern manager for this company, maintains branch offices at Charlotte, North Carolina. While Paul F. Haddock is yet a young man, he is thoroughly experienced in the bleaching and dyeing business. He was born in 1886, at Adling- ton in Lancashire, England, and is a son of John and Lucy (Fairclough) Haddock, Sir Robert Fair- clough being a maternal ancestor. For several generations the Haddocks have been connected with bleaching and dyeing plants in the great cotton manufacturing centers in Lancashire, both the father and grandfather of Paul F. Haddock being so employed, the latter being foreman of one of the great establishments. Paul F. Haddock attended the public schools at Adlington until sixteen years old, when he became self supporting and during the next two years at- tended a chemical school at night in order to thoroughly become instructed in the line of work he desired to follow, and when he completed the course he had practical as well as technical knowl- edge. In the meanwhile, from the age of sixteen, he worked in the bleachery with the firm of Davies & Eckersley, Ltd., who owned the Huyton Bleach- ing, Dyeing and Finishing "Works at Adlington. In June, 1910, he decided to come to the United States and resigned the first-class position he had held so long with the British house. In New York City he secured a position as mechanic's helper with a firm just organized, the Lancashire Bleach- ing, Finishing and Dyeing Company, its plant being situated at "Waldwick, New Jersey. Within one week he had shown such thorough knowledge of the business that he was given charge of all the mechanics and superintended the installation of the expensive machinery, and when the plant started to operate he was made superintendent. From there Mr. Haddock went to Memphis, Ten- nessee, and for one year was superintendent of the American Finishing Company of that city. He then took a vacation, during which he revisited his home in England, and on his return to New York, in September, 1912, accepted a position with the firm of A. Klipstein & Company, extensive manufacturers of dyes and chemicals. He was sent through the South as a demonstrator, soon was made a salesman and later assistant manager and finally was promoted to his present position. As southern manager his territory embraces Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida. Mr. Haddock has made rapid advance in the business field and his identification in so important a posi- tion with so prominent a concern reflects credit not only upon his business knowledge and ability, but gives a fair estimate of the impression he made through his personality and force of char- acter. A. Klipstein & Company are manufacturers and dealers of dyes, chemicals for bleaching, finish- ing, dyeing, tanning, etc., selling agents for the E. C. Klipstein & Sons Company, manufacturers of sulphur black, sulphur brown, olive, gray and tan, also sulphur blue and sulphur khaki, also sell- ing agents for the Bulls Ferry Chemical Company, manufacturers of soluble oils, soaps, sizings, softeners, gums, waxes and finishings. This con- cern also manufactures oxitan, a new soluble tan- ning compound, invented by W. A. Klipstein. The above company are also selling agents for the Warner-Klipstein Chemical Company, owners of a large plant at Charleston, West Virginia, and man- ufacturers of tetrachloride of carbon, chlorine, chlor-benzol and muriatic acid. They have addi- tional selling connections and are also selling agents for The Society Chemical Industry of Basle, Switzerland. Mr. Haddock was married to Miss Willie Louise Skinner, who was born in North Carolina and was reared and educated at Concord. They have one child, Paul F., Jr. They have a handsome resi- dence in Myers Park, Charlotte, and are valued acquisitions to the city 's pleasant social circles. Mr. Haddock has shown interest and public spirit since coming to Charlotte and is a valued member of the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, the Manu- facturers Club, Suburban Club, Phalanx Lodge of Masons, Carolina Consistory of Scottish Bite Masons, is a Shriner, a member of the Bed Fez Club, the Southern Textile Association, the Ameri- can Cotton Manufacturing Association and also of the Society of Dyers and Colourists in England. Mr. Haddock 's parents survive and he has one sister, Elizabeth, and two brothers, Thomas and Gilbert. Both brothers were trained in the bleach- ing and dyeing industry and the elder, Thomas Haddock, is counted an expert and because of his skill in a necessary war industry has never been called to the colors in the great World war. It has been otherwise, however, with Mr. Haddock 's younger brother, Gilbert, who has been in active service since 1914. He enlisted in General Kitch- ener 's army and was first assigned to duty with the Home Guards. Later he was one of that brave contingent of British youth that was sent to France, then to Belgium, then to Egypt and later to Salonica, many times performing deeds of valor and thus far has escaped being wounded, although taking part in a great many engagements. I Frederick Rutledge is one of the older men in insurance circles in North Carolina, and it was a quarter of a century ago that he established the Rutledge Insurance Agency at Asheville. Mr. Rutledge has spent practically all his life in and around Asheville. He was born in Henderson County February 10, 1868, son of Col. Henry Middleton Rutledge, who came from South Caro- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 229 lint and during the war between the states was colonel of the Twenty-fifth North Carolina Regi- ment throughout the entire war. After the war for a number of years he engaged in rice planting near Georgetown, South Carolina. Colonel Rut- ledge was a student of the University of Virginia. Frederick Rutledge was a cadet in the Virginia Military Institute. He came to Asheville in 1889 and entered the general insurance business. He wa-s general agent for both North and South Caro- lina of the Girard and Franklin companies of Philadelphia and also the City of New York Fire Insurance Company. He was at one time vice president of the Local Agents Association of North Carolina. He also organized and was one time secretary of the Home Building and Loan Association. He was one of the organizers and a director of the Dixie Fire Insurance Company of Greensboro. Mr. Rutledge was captain of Troop B, North Carolina National Guard Cavalry, and was in ac^ tive service on the Mexican border in 1916 and 1917 and now his elder son is in the field artillery, regular army. This makes an unbroken record of three successive generations of the Rutledge family who have distinguished themselves as sol- diers. Mr. Rutledge married April 21, 1892, Mabel Reeves, daughter of Dr. R. H. Reeves, of Asheville. The elder son, Frederick Reeves, re- ceived his commission after a period in the train- ing camp at Fort Oglethorpe and is now an of- ficer in the United States Field Artillery. The younger son is Reginald Edmond. Mr. Rutledge is a stockholder in the Asheville Country Club and a member of the Board of Trade, and is af- filiated With the Knights of Pythias. He is now actively engaged in local fire insurance business in the City of Asheville, North Carolina. Walter T. and Rufus A. Spaugh, twin brothers, are both prominently identified with Winston- Salem 's industrial, civic and religious' life, and are members of one of the oldest and best known families of this section of North Carolina. They are direct descendants of that interesting historical character in Western North Carolina, Adam Spach, who was born in Alsace, Germany, January 20, 1720. Coming to America a young man, he lived a time with the Moravians in Penn- sylvania, but in 1753 came to North Carolina and located in the wilderness two miles from the present site of Friedberg Church. At first his nearest neighbors were twelve miles away at Bethania, and in order to have access to that community he cut a road through the wilderness. His surroundings were exceedingly wild and primitive, and it was possible in those days to supply the table with meat of all kinds from the wild game that existed in the forest. Indians were the jealous neighbors of all the early white settlers. Adam Spach built a substantial rock house, still standing as a land- mark in that section. This served not only as a shelter but as a fortification, and there were port- holes in the walls, while in the basement was a spring of living water. This frontiersman lived a long and active life and died August 23, 1801. He married Elizabeth Huster. Their descendants are many, not only in this section of North Carolina but elsewhere, and while some of the present gen- eration retain the original spelling of the name Spach, most spell the name more nearly as it is pronounced, Spaugh. It was the father of these brothers who adopted that form of spelling for his name. Adam Spach, the pioneer, had a son Adam, who was born two miles from Friedberg, and who was the father of George Spach, grandfather of Walter and Rufus Spaugh. George was born near Fried- berg, became a planter, owned and occupied a large place in South Fork Township of Forsyth County, and spent his last years there. He and his wife are both buried in Friedberg churchyard. They reared three sons, named Levi, Thomas and Trau- gott. Thomas Spaugh, father of the twin brothers, was born in South Fork Township of Forsyth County in 1819, was educated at the Salem Boys' School, and for a time was a teacher in rural schools. He bought farms in South Fork Township and was successfully identified with their management and cultivation until 1876. Selling out, he then re- moved to Winston-Salem, where he lived retired until his death in 1891. During the war between the states he was in the Confederate service, de- tailed for the transportation of salt and also in the making of barrels for the Government. Thomas Spaugh married Melvina Lash. She was born near Bethania in 1822, a daughter of Isaac and Mary (Transou) Lash. She survived her hus- band a number of years and passed away in 1900. There were five children ; Charles, who died at the age of twenty-six; Frances, who died in 1892; Byron; and Rufus and Walter, twins. The son Byron attended Winston Academy and the Morav- ian College and Theological Seminary at Bethle- hem, Pennsylvania, and after his graduation was ordained to the ministry at Salem. His promising career was cut short by an early death at the age of twenty-eight. Walter T. Spaugh found his life work early, exercised the substantial virtues in him and those inherited from his ancestors, and step by step has advanced in the scale of industrial importance until he is now president of the Salem Iron Works. He -was born on his father's plantation in South Fork Township of Forsyth County, and completed hjs education in the Salem Boys' School. He then began an earnest apprenticeship at the machinist 's trade with the Salem Iron Works. This apprentice- ship Was followed by a .journeyman 's experience of a few months, and he was then admitted to part- nershin in the Salem Iron Works with Mr. Constan- tine Hege, founder of this local industry. In 1900 the business was incorporated, Mr. Spaugh becom- ing secretary and treasurer. On the death of Mr. Hege in 1914 Mr. Spaugh became vice president and treasurer, and in 1917 bought the outstanding stock of the company and after reorganization took the chief executive office as-'president. He is now at the head of one of the important industries in this section of North Carolina, and his own judg- ment and work have entered largely as factors in its growth and upbuilding. Walter T. Spaugh was married in 1902 to Jennie E. Frazier, who was born in Jacksonville, Florida, daughter of George W. and Jennie (DaCosta) Frazier. Mr. and Mrs. Spaugh have three chil- dren : Elizabeth, Janet and Walter T., Jr. The family are members of the Home Moravian Church. Mr. Spaugh is one of its most influential workers, belongs to the Central Board of Elders of the Salem Congregation, and is treasurer of the Church Aid and Extension Board of the Southern Province of the Moravian Church, and has served as assist- ant superintendent and superintendent of the Home Moravian Sunday School ten years. He is now superintendent of a rural Sunday school near Win- ston-Salem. 230 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA Rufus A. Spaugh was bom November 5, 1865, on his father's plantation near Winston-Salem, North Carolina, moving with the family to Salem in 1876, where he attended the Salem Boys ' School. After graduating from this institution and a business college in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he accepted a position in the office of the Salem Iron Works. A few years later he became associated with a large mercantile establishment. After several changes in partnership the business was incorpo- rated as Vaughn & Company. Mr. Spaugh became its secretary and treasurer and devoted his time for a number of years to its upbuilding and advance- ment. In 1903, while still retaining his financial in- terest in this company, and remaining on its board of directors, he applied his extensive experience and business ability to the Forsyth Manufactur- ing Company, in which he was already a stock- holder, becoming its vice president, treasurer and manager. At that time this company had a small plant on Sunnyside Avenue, Winston-Salem. It needed only capable direction to attain success, and this suc- cess is now represented by two large and finely equipped plants with many times the capacity and output of the old one which he took the manage- ment of in 1903. In 1893 Mr. Spaugh was married to Miss Anna Louise Hege, a native of Salem, and daughter of Edward L. and Mary (Hunt) Hege. He has had a very happy and congenial home life with his wife and three sons. The sons are, Walter Herbert, Rufus Arthur and Ralph Edward. Herbert at- tended the Salem Boys' School, Tinsley Military Institute and the Moravian College and Theological Seminary at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, graduating from the latter in 1916. The son Arthur is now a student at the University of North Carolina, while Ralph is still in the Winston-Salem High School. At the age of fourteen Mr. Spaugh united with the Home Moravian Church in Salem, and has since then always been greatly interested in all kinds of Christian work, contributing liberally to numerous causes and organizations both local and foreign. For thirty years or more he has been actively engaged in Sunday school work, both as a teacher and superintendent, serving in the latter capacity for nearly twenty years. In 1907 Mr. Spaugh and family moved their resi- dence to the new suburban section of Southside; and when Trinity Moravian Church was built there in 1911-12, on Sunnyside Avenue, to care for the Moravian Church members in this part of the city, Mr. and Mrs. Spaugh transferred their membership from the Home Church to Trinity Church. Since that time Mr. Spaugh has been a member of the Board of Elders on Trinity Church, and also the representative of this church on the Central Board of Elders of the Salem Congregation. Isham Faison Hicks. M. D. The work and skill and character which constitute the real ele- ments of success in the medical profession have been earned and acquired in abundant measure by Doctor Hicks during his fifteen years of prac- tice at Dunn in Harnett County. His name suggests some of the honorable fam- ily associations which were something like a guar- antee and inspiration for his individual career. Doctor Hicks was born at Faison in Duplin Coun- ty, North Carolina, in 1876. His father, the late Capt. Louis Thomas Hicks, spent all his life at Faison, where he was born and where he died in 1904. He was a member of a prominent and his- torical family of Duplin County. His Faison con- nections constitute one of the most prominent fam- ilies of Eastern North Carolina. Captain Hicks had more than an honorary title. He was captain of Company E, Twentieth North Carolina Infantry, during the war between the states, and was in ac- tive service for two years. He was at the head of his company, in one of the desperate charges of Gettysburg, and on the third day of the fight there, was captured, taken as a prisoner to Johnson 's Island in Lake Erie, and held during the remainder of the war. His record of service was that of a brave, dashing and skillful officer. After the war he became a merchant and planter, and few citi- zens of Duplin County enjoyed so much respect and honor. Captain Hicks married Rachel Mclver, who is still living at the advanced age of eighty-two. The Mclvers have from early days been prominent in Moore, Lee and Chatham counties. One of its members was Hon. Charles D. Mclver, and Mrs. Hicks was a cousin of that well known jurist. The boyhood and early associations of Doctor Hicks was of a very agreeable and comfortable character, to which as a grown man he takes pleasure in reverting. His early schooling was obtained at Faison, and he was also a student in Fishburne Military School at Waynesville, Vir- ginia. He studied medicine in the North Caro- lina Medical College at Charlotte and in the Uni- versity College of Medicine at Richmond, graduat- ing M. D. in 1902. With his diploma and license he located at Dunn in Harnett County and has been steadily in practice there for fifteen years. Real eminence has come to him in his profession and as a physician and surgeon his name may properly rank with those of the professional lead- ers in the state. He served a number of years as city health officer of Dunn, and is surgeon at Dunn for the Atlantic Coast Line and Durham & Southern Railways companies. His splendid qual- ities as a genuine good man and useful citizen have won for him equally high regard and esteem. He is a member of the County and State Medical societies, American Medical Association, is a Ma- eon and Knight of Pythias and member of the Presbyterian Church. Doctor Hicks is chairman of the Jarvis Red Cross Chapter at Dunn. Soon after beginning practice Doctor Hicks married Miss Mary Gertrude Harper, daughter of the late Dr. M. W. Harper. Dr. Martin W. Harper was born at Benton - ville in Johnston County, North Carolina, in 1844, and died at his home in Dunn in 1907. He was born and reared at Bentonville, which is now a very small village, but which will always have an historical significance as the scene of the last real battle of the war between the states, and the surrender of General Johnston's army to General Sherman. Doctor Harper before reach- ing his seventeenth year had volunteered in the Confederate service in Company H of the Twen- tieth North Carolina Infantry. He was all through the war except a period at home recuperating from a wound received at the battle of Stone Mountain. Toward the close of the war he was a member of General Baker 's staff. Doctor Harper was for a time a student of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky at Lexington, and then took up the study of med- icine in the Louisville Medical College, where he graduated with the class of 1873. He at once returned to his old home at Bentonville, and be- fa L 7-1 all HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 231 gan the practice of his profession. In 1886 the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad building southward through Johnston and Harnett counties, over a route that now constitutes the main line of the system, reached Dunn. At the very beginning of this village Doctor Harper moved his family from Bentonville and his was one of the first resi- dences in the town. With all his splendid quali- ties as a physician and surgeon and kindly and capable practitioner, his name is almost equally well remembered for his part as a town builder. Everything affecting the welfare of the new com- munity elicited his interest and co-operation. He established the first drug store in the town, eon- ducting it for several years while his private practice was growing. He also organized the Dunn Road District, under which the first good roads were built in Harnett County. He helped to locate the first cemetery. His name was prom- inently connected with other movements which served to promote the growth of Dunn into the flourishing and wealthy little city it has become. Dunn is the center of one of the finest agricul- tural districts in North Carolina Doctor Har- per organized the Harnett County Medical So- ciety, and at one time was its president. One of his chief interests in life was the Disciples Church at Dunn, of which he was a working member for many years. In 1875 Doctor Harper married Miss Eugenia Wilson, of Newton Grove, Sampson County, North Carolina. She is still living, and her four daughters are Mrs. McD. Holliday, Mrs. I. F. Hieks, Mrs. Annie Young, and Mrs. J. A. McLean. Before closing this article it should be noted that Doctor Hicks' sister, Mrs. Mary Lyde (Hicks) Williams, wife of Marshall Williams of Faison, is now president of the Daughters of Revolution for North Carolina. While prominent in that order, she is more widely known in North Carolina because of her well earned achievements as a por- trait painter. She is one of the state 's most tal- ented daughters. Mrs. Williams has four sons, all college trained, who are now officers in the new National Army. William Columbus Hall is postmaster of Black Mountain and is a resident of that city who is widely known throughout this section of the state by his activities as a railway contractor and a general business man. Mr. Hall was born in McDowell County, North Carolina, April 25, 1855, a son of Elijah and Aline (Biddix) Hall. His father had a farm in Mc- Dowell County, and during the war between the states was for four years a Confederate soldier with Company F of the Fifty-eighth Regiment of North Carolina. The limited advantages obtained in the public schools William C. Hall supplemented by attending Rutherford College. From college work he went almost immediately into railroad construction, part of the time as an employee and part of the time as a sub-contractor. He helped cut some of the tunnels on the Southern Railway along the Asheville branch, and helped build the Murphy branch and various other lines of that great system. Altogether Mr. Hall put in about thirty years in railway work. In 1882 he made his home at Black Mountain in Buncombe County and in 1906 opened a stock of general merchandise in that town and has been one of the leading merchants there ever since. He was appointed to his first term as postmaster May 26, 1913, and was reappointed for a second term on September 14, 1917. Mr. Hall 's position in the community may be measured by many interests. He is a director of the Commonwealth Bank and a member of its finance committee and is a director of the Black Mountain Electric Light Company. He is a steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. December 25, 1879, he married Miss Sarah Caro- line Finley of McDowell County. Eight children have been born to their marriage: Annie Lillian, Mrs. W. R. Goodson of Black Mountain ; Wil- helmina Cleveland, Mrs. Solomon Evans of Black Mountain; Maud, Mrs. R. E. Dodson of Black Mountain; Winford, who married Nora Mizell and is a merchant, real estate dealer and orange grower at Deland, Florida; James Finley, who is now a lieutenant in the United States Service stationed on the Panama Canal Zone; Frank, associated with his father in business; William Newton, in the United States Navy and at present a quarter master on a merchant ship ; and Janet, deceased, who married Ralph Patton of Black Mountain. Thomas Joshua Harkins, lawyer and business man of Asheville and widely known over the state for his prominence as a leader in the republican party, is for all his achievements and experiences still a comparatively young man, not yet forty. Mr. Harkins was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, January 15, 1879, a son of Hirshel Springfield and Sarah Jane (Jones) Harkins. His father was a carpenter and con- tractor and a man of wide prominence in Western North Carolina, having served two years, 1888-90, as mayor of Asheville and was collector of internal revenue at Asheville for the western district until 1907, since which time he has lived retired. Thomas J. Harkins was educated in North Carolina public schools and at the State University, and also took his law work in the university, graduating in 1901. For several years after finishing his education Mr. Harkins lived in Oklahoma, and was one of the prominent lawyers and bankers of that terri- tory and state. His home was at Weatherford, and while there he engaged in general practice as a lawyer and also organized the Independent State Bank, the State Bank of Colony, the Bridgeport State Bank, the Hydro State Bank and was the active vice president of the First National Bank of Weatherford. He was also a member of the Oklahoma Republican State Executive Committee. While in the West on December 25, 1904, Mr. Harkins married Roxy Seevers, of Osceola, Mis- souri, daughter of Dr. John and Fidelia (Seaborn) Seevers. In 1906, on account of ill health, Mr. Harkins disposed of his various interests in Okla- homa, closed up his law office, and returning to North Carolina settled in Asheville, where in May, 1907, he formed a partnership with Kingsland Van Winkle under the name of Harkins & Van Winkle. This is one of the leading law firms of Asheville, and handles a large corporation and insurance practice. As a republican Mr. Harkins is chairman of the City Executive Committee of Asheville, in 1908 was secretary of the State Executive Committee, 1912 to 1914 was member of the National Repub- lican Committee and in 1916 was a delegate to the National Convention at Chicago which nominated Hughes. Mr. Harkins is vice president of the Brown 232 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Banking Company, vice president of the Pack Square Book Company, and director of the Turn- bull Cone Machine Company. He is a member of the Asheville Country Club, the Rotary Club, and in October, 1916, was elected captain of the Second North Carolina Reserve Militia under the com- mand of Governor Bickett. Mr. Harkins has attained the supreme honorary thirty-third degree of Scottish Rite Masonry, and was on April 29, 1918, commissioned deputy of the Supreme Coun- cil of the thirty-third degree in North Carolina. He also belongs to the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias. Rev. Jacob Calvin Leonard, D. D. a man of earnest convictions, strong in character and per- sonality, and of a deeply religious nature, Rev. Jacob C. Leonard, D. D., pastor of the First Re- formed Church of Lexington, North Carolina, has led a busy life filled with usefulness, and his work has been abundantly blessed to the advancement of the Master's kingdom. A native of Davidson County, North Carolina, he was born on a farm situated 1% miles east of Lexington, the ancestral estate of his father and grandfather. He comes from substantial pioneer stock, being a descendant in the fifth generation of Valentin Leonhardt, the immigrant and Revolutionary war patriot, the line of descent being as follows: Valentin, Jacob, Jacob, Valentine, Jacob C. Valentin Leonhardt was born at Katzenbach in the Electorate of Palatinate, Germany, not many miles across the Rhine, October 13, 1718, of pious parents. The name is now spelled Valentine Leon- ard. His parents were Martin and Anna Barbara (nee Spohn) Leonhardt. They were married No- vember 11, 1704, by Rev. Karl Gervinus, pastor of the Reformed Church at Katzenbach from 1691 to 1710. Valentin was the youngest of four sons. His older brothers were: Sebastian, baptized Feb- ruary 14, 1706; Henry, baptized July 24, 1713; Philip, ' baptized March 18, 1717; and Valentin, who was baptized October' 23, 1718, in the Re- formed Church at Katzenbach, by Rev. Gotthard Steitz, the pastor. The sponsors' for Valentin were John Paul Neuss and his-.wife, Anna Ottilia: He was confirmed a full member of the same church at Easter,' 1733, by Rev. Henry Julius Wagner, pastor from 1719 to 1763. Valentin Leonhardt and his wife Elizabeth took passage from Rotterdam on the good ship Neptune, Capt. Thomas Wilkinson, arriving at the Port of Philadelphia October 25, 1746. About Christmas of the same year they reached what was to be their future home in North Carolina, being among the earliest settlers of what is now Davidson County. Purchasing several tracts of land from Earl. Granville through the earl's agent, Henry McCulloh, this pioneer erected a house about 3% miles northeast of the present site of Lexington. Reared in the "Reformirte Kirche" in Europe, he became one of the founders of what was for years known as " Leonhardt 's Church," the real title of which was ' ' The Church of the Reformed Pil- grims. ' ' The first church edifice was erected about 1757, a two-story log house. The door was fast- ened with a bolt that was locked and unlocked with a key that pushed it backward and for- ward. That key is now one of the treasured possessions of this man's great-great-grandson, Rev. J. C. Leonard, D. D., and is probably one of only a few of the kind in the United States. A soldier in the American army of the Revolutionary war, Valentin Leonhardt took part in many en- gagements of that struggle, the last one being the Battle of Guilford Court House in March, 1781, about thirty miles east of his home. Here Gen- eral Greene's army was partly disbanded, and he returned to his farm. On the evening of Novem- ber 2d of that year, while sitting quietly by his hearthstone with his family, he was stealthily shot by a band of tories and died of his wounds eleven days later. On the soapstohe slab at the head of his grave is this inscription: "Valentin Leonhardt, geboren in der Kuhr Pfaltz in Katz- enbach den 13 October, 1718, und ist dem Herrn entschlaffen den 13 November, 1781. Nun hier ligt eine Handvoll Ashen mit Christi Blut gewashen. " On the stone at the foot of the grave are the lines in English: "Beneath this stone doth now remain An ancient man by murder slain." It is a quaint inscription. The word "ancient" would seem to suggest the idea that there was in the minds of those who erected the stone the con- viction that in the years to come, down through many generations, men and women and children would look with reverence upon this grave. It would tell them how this man came to his death. And so it has been. Thousands have looked upon the grave, have read the simple words and have thanked God for brave men who fought and died to give us a free country in which to live. A handsome monument erected by a grateful citizen- ship and unveiled in the presence of 10,000 people July 4, 1896, 115 years after the death of this brave soldier, now marks his last earthly resting place. Besides the key above mentioned, Doctor Leon- ard of this sketch has the bank in which Valentin Leonhardt kept his gold during the Revolutionary war. It is a piece of black walnut about 15 inches long and 3 inches square, with 1% inch hole bored nearly its entire length, which was closed with a stopper of the same wood. The gold was placed in this and concealed in the wall of the cellar under his house. A man of great industry and thrift, he became an extensive landholder. In his will, made in 1779, he bequeathed a large farm to each of his five sons, and money and chattels to his three daughters. To his wife, Elizabeth, he left the "Manor Plantation that I now live on, during her bearing the name Leonhardt, and in case she does not change her name she is to keep it to have full rule over it during her lifetime; and likewise I leave to my wife all my horses, cattle, and my personal estate- wholly. " > Jacob Leonard, as he spelled his name and as subsequently spelled, son of the pioneer, was born on the home farm November 16, 1758. Though scarcely more than a boy, he enlisted in the service of his country during the last years of the Revolu- tion, and fought against the British and tories along with his father under General Greene. And with his father he returned from the army after the Battle of Guilford Court House. Following his father 's death he became a farmer on a large scale, operating his large estates with the aid of slaves. He married Elizabeth Shoaf, with whom he brought up a large and influential family of sons and daughters. He succeeded his father in the eldership of the home church, and the official records show that he frequently represented the local body in the higher counsels of the denomina- tion. This splendid man reached the advanced age HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 233 of 9eventy-seven years, passing away January 27, 1835. His body lies close to that of his father in the Leonhardt's Church burying ground. Jacob Leonard, son of the preceding, was born on the parental homestead February 20, 1789, and died November 17, 1845. His wife was Susan Byerly, likewise of pioneer descent. Following in the ancestral footsteps, he was engaged in agri- cultural pursuits during a large part of his natural life. His large farm was 1% miles east of Lex- ington. Like his father he was a large owner of slaves. He was of military age when the War of 1812 came on, and was drafted for service. Instead of going himself he hired a substitute, ac- cording to the privilege of the time. This sub- stitute in company with several other soldiers one day when off duty saw a company of Indian squaws at a distance. And this fellow proposed to take a shot at one of them just for the fun of the thing. The others warned him .that it was a dangerous piece of business, and tried to persuade him not to do it. But he raised his gun and fired, and in spite of the gTeat distance one of them fell dead, showing his accurate marksmanship. The squaws at once set out to report the tragedy to their Indian braves. The latter in a few hours overtook the band of soldiers and asked who had shot the woman. At first none would tell. But the Indians warned them that they would shoot every man in the bunch unless the murderer was pointed out. The white men were far outnumbered, and so finally they pointed out Mr. Leonard 's sub- stitute as the one w-ho had committed the deed. The Indians took the man and flayed him alive. When the operation was finished they released him. He ran several yards and fell down dead. Jacob Leonard, as were his father and grand- father, was a devoted churchman, and an office bearer in his local congregation until the day of his death, being frequently elected a representa- tive to the higher judicatories. He was also cap- tain of a military company mustered in his county, which met regularly for drill. Valentine Leonard was born November 10, 1824, and as a boy became familiar with all branches of agriculture. He married Caroline B-ebeckah Cox, the granddaughter of James Cox, who was born in England and kidnapped by sailors at the docks of Liverpool and secretly carried on board a ship bound for America. The last view he ever had of his father showed him standing at the very brink of the water tearing his hair in agony. James Cox, soon after landing in America, was apprenticed to a hatmaker near Salisbury, North Carolina. Having learned the hatter's trade, he spent the remainder of his life in Rowan County. His son, John Cox, married Barbara Turner. He was a school teacher, and also served as superin- tendent of the Davidson County Home for several terms. Valentine Leonard was a strong character, always standing for religion and morality. He was a devoted churchman, like his ancestors, and was aUo an office bearer in ' ' Leonhardt 's Church. ' ' In his early life he gave considerable attention to vocal music, and became an old-fashioned "singing master. ' ' He was thirty-seven years of age at the outbreak of the Civil war. He was a member of what was called the "Fpper Begiment," which met for muster and regular drill at a point on the old SaJem-Salisbury Road eight miles above Lexington. The names of all members of the regiment were recorded in a book called the muster roll. In a hat were placed slips of paper marked " go " and ' ' blank. ' ' Under the draft law the men marched two-abreast along by where the of- ficers stood with the register. When a name was called a little child drew a slip from the hat. If the paper read "blank," the man was not drafted; if it read "go," by that sign he was drafted. Mr. Leonard's name read "blank." So he missed the first draft. The ' ' conscription act ' ' came in 1863, first calling out all men from 18 to 35 years of age. This left him out again. In the winter of 1863 the second conscription called out all men from 35 to 40. This included Mr. Leonard. He took Mr. Jesse Shaw with him to Raleigh when he went to appear before the board of examiners. He offered Mr. Shaw as a substitute, and the latter was accepted because he was a more robust man than the principal, though past the draft age. The substitute, supplemented by a government wood contract, kept Mr. Leonard out of the regu- lar service a year. In 1864 even many of those who had substitutes had to go to the army on the ground that they were "rich men" and could af- ford to help out the country by both employing substitutes and going themselves. Mr. Leonard first went to Charleston, though many feared to go there on account of yellow fever. His prefer- ence was to join the cavalry, but he was assigned to service in connection with the navy. His first work was to help build an ironclad boat. The iron was so hot from the sun 's rays that the workmen had to sit on boards. When the boat was finished, they ran her out for a trial. A shot was fired at a tree at a great distance and the tree was smashed; but the boat was not strong enough, and it broke apart. While at Charleston his headquarters were on the boat "Indian Chief." From Charleston his boat went to Georgetown, and then to Cheraw. The water was so low that often they had to draw the boat with rope and tackle. Sherman 's army was now so close that the men were ordered to leave the ' ' Indian Chief ' ' and march on foot in the direction of Charlotte, from which point they were taken by train to Drury's Bluff. After the fall of Bichmond, they had to get out of the latter place and join General John- ston 's army. They were finally captured above Petersburg, and were taken in May to Point Look- out. Here he remained until the last of June, 1865, when he was released to return home. To Valentine Leonard and his wife, Caroline Bebeckah, were born five sons: P. James, George E., William Valentine, J. Thomas, and Jacob Calvin. The last one of these, Bev. J. C. Leonard, D. D., laid a wise foundation for his education in the rural schools of his native county. Compared with the schools of the present day, the school which he attended presented a sorry spectacle. It was a small log house furnished with slab benches. There were neither desks nor blackboards, and there were only a few small windows to admit any light. There was not even a stove to render the room warm in cold weather, only an open fire- place giving any comfort at all. The teachers were naturally not very well equipped educationally, but they were men of good common sense, and they knew how to "manage the boys." School books were a very uncertain quantity in those days, and this young student took to school as his chief text-book Webster 's blueback speller, and he also had such other miscellaneous books as had been handed down by his older brothers. Such a thing as a graded series of books was unknown in this school out in the Pilgrim ' ' district. ' ' But this uncouth boy in home-made garments, hungering and thirsting for knowledge, did the best he could 234 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA with the tools in hand. And after all it is true that there is "more in the man than in the land" in successful farming; and the same thing is true in getting an education. Young Jacob Leonard was rated as a bright boy, and the older people said he ' ' would make his mark ' ' in the world. The schools were short and sadly handicapped without necessary equipment. But this boy man- aged to work up through such course of studies as was offered until he was fifteen years of age. Then he studied four months in the Lexington Academy. At the end of the term he went before the county superintendent of schools for examina- tion and obtained a first-grade certificate for teach- ing. He was then sixteen years of age, and taught his first public school at Burkhart's schoolhouse, two miles from his home. The next spring (the last of January, 1884), he entered Catawba High School at Newton, North Carolina. He entered the freshman class of Catawba College at the same place in August, 1885. He graduated from that institution in 1889, having led his class through the four years, and was awarded the valedictory oration as the highest honor. The college conferred upon him the degree of A. B., and three years later the degree of A. M. in cursu. Subsequently he graduated from Ursinus Theological Seminary, at Philadelphia, with the degree of B. D. In 1906 his alma mater conferred upon him the honorary de- gree of D. D. in recognition of his work in homiletical and theological studies and historical researches. Doctor Leonard 's first pastorate consisted of four churches in Davidson County, among them ' ' Leonhardt 's Church ' ' founded by his ancestor of Revolutionary war fame; the others were Bethany, Sowers and Hebron. In 1892 he organized Calvary Church at Moffitt's Grove and built the house of worship there. Likewise he organized Heidelberg Church in Thomasville in 1895 and built the house of worship the same year. In 1897 this young minister, at the earnest solicitation of the trustees of Catawba College, resigned his charge to become field representative of this growing and important institution. Doctor Leonard traveled over several states and spoke in many churches during this time, and raised large sums of money for the col- lege. Later for two years he was professor of English in the college, resigning in 1900 to accept the challenge of the board of missions of the denomination to begin the work of the church in the towns of Lexington and High Point, in both of which towns he organized congregations and built churches. The church at Lexington was fin- ished by the first of the year 1901 and the con- gregation was organized January 20th with seven- teen members, now numbering over 400. The house of worship was built at High Point during the summer of 1901. The minister served both until 1903, when he turned over to an assistant that at High Point, since which time he has given his entire energy to the development, of the work at Lexington. The parsonage was built in 1901. The church was rebuilt in 1907. The Second Re- formed Church was organized and the house of worship built in 1904. The Sunday school build- ing of the First Church was erected in 1913. The Second Church was rebuilt in 1917. A man of earnest purpose, laboring willingly at all times, Doctor Leonard has been the moving spirit in the upbuilding of the church with which he is as- sociated, its present prosperous condition being largely due to his wise efforts. And in the multi- plicity of the heavy duties of his local pastorate, he has always found time to help in many other general enterprises of the church and state. He has been a trustee of Catawba College many years, and his -judgment is always sought by his fellows. He has also long been a member of tjie Lexing- ton School Board. Doctor Leonard has delivered numerous educational, religious, philanthropic, and fraternal addresses in a wide section of the coun- try. He has represented his Classis many times in the higher bodies of his denomination, the Po- tomac Synod and the General Synod. He has been stated clerk of the Classis of North Carolina over twenty-five years. January 29, 1902, Doctor Leonard was married to Miss Willie Yorke Cress, of Concord, North Carolina, They are the happy parents of one son, Jacob C, Jr., a student in the Lexington High School. Fraternally Doctor Leonard is a member of Lexington Lodge 473, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Masons; Patriotic Order Sons of America; Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and Royal Arcanum. Charles Harwell Carroll is one of the men burdened with the heavy responsibilities of execu- tive position in North Carolina, being district commercial superintendent of the Western Union Telegraph Company at Charlotte. The importance of this office can be better appreciated when its jurisdiction and responsibilites are mentioned. Charlotte as the headquarters office for the district is the largest wire center between Wash- ington and Atlanta, and is the second largest re- lay point in the southern division. In the dis- trict are 128 uptown offices and 723 offices in rail- road depots. On Mr. Carroll's own staff as dis- trict superintendent are seventeen men, includ- ing five field men. ■ The local manager's office in Charlotte has a staff of thirty-two clerks and other employes, not including messengers, while in th« operating department of the ctiy are em- ployed 175 operators, including several clerks. As the incumbent of such a position it is nat- ural to be expected that Mr. Carroll is a veteran in telegraphic circles. He is in fact a veteran in experience though still comparatively young in years. He was born at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1881, a son of C. H. and Birdie (Newman) Car- roll. At the age of fourteen he left the Nash- ville schools to begin work in the Nashville office of the Western Union Company as a messenger boy. His experience in the telegraph industry has been continuous since, covering a period of over twenty years. He learned the art of te- legraphy at Nashville, and for a time was an operator with the Nashville Terminals Railroad Company. Successive promotions and transfers took him to many parts of the country. For three years he was train dispatcher for the Mis- souri, Kansas & Texas Railway at Denison, Texas, and then occupied similar positions with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe at Cleburne, Texas, and the St. Louis & San Francisco Railway at Spring- field, Missouri. On October 1, 1909, returning to Nashville, he re-entered the service of the Western Union as an operator. A month later, on November 1st, he was made district commercial agent with head- quarters at Nashville. On May 1, 1910, he was promoted to district manager of Kentucky with headquarters at Louisville. March 19, 1915, he became manager at Memphis, Tennessee, and on July 1, 1916, was appointed to his present posi- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 235 tion as district superintendent for the district embracing North and South Carolina with head- quarters at Charlotte. From this record it is easy to understand that Mr. Carroll possesses executive ability, energy and intelligence of high order, since those are the qualities which insure promotion with the great telegraph company. He holds a position that requires tact, courtesy, and complete concentra- tion of faculties. Now, during war time, the business of the telegraph company is strictly un- der control of the Government, and Government business is given preference over everything else no matter how important it may be. Mr. Carroll married Miss Mary Ferguson. She was born and reared in Southeastern Missouri. They have a son, Harwell Carroll. Lemuel Weyher Koknegay, M. D. To one of the great writers of the day is attributed the remark that when posterity comes to study the present age it will find that its noblest figure is the doctor. His choice of profession proclaims un- selfishness, and its proper study compels the re- linquishment of many of the recreations and occu- pations attractive to ordinary young manhood, while its practice wears on brain, body and spirit, far beyond the conception of those who are the recipients of this acquired skill and scientific knowledge. Eastern North Carolina has contrib- uted her share of conscientious, well trained medi- cal men, but there are few who, while yet young men, have advanced so far and have demonstrated such surgical skill as has Dr. Lemuel Weyher Kor- negay, who is founder and president of the Rocky Mount Sanitarium, Eocky Mount, North Carolina. Doctor Koruegay was born October 30, 1881, in Wayne County, North Carolina. His parents are Robert and Henrietta (Parrott) Kornegay. His father is a farmer in Wayne County and carries on a general mercantile business at Mount Olive. Lemuel W. Kornegay attended the public schools and after completing the high school course at Oak Ridge, attended Davidson College and then entered the medical department of the North Caro- lina Medical College of Charlotte, North Carolina. For two years afterward he served as interne in the St. Francis Hospital, at Jersey City, New Jersey, and then located as a general practitioner at Mount Olive, North Carolina, making a specialty of surgical cases and engaging in special hos- pital work in the Goldsboro Hospital. In 1911 Doctor Kornegay opened a private hospital at Mount Olive, and in 1913 he opened the Rocky Mount Sanitarium and Hospital, of which he is president and devotes himself exclusively to sur- gical cases in the hospital. Few North Carolina surgeons have had better or more scientific training, and to name his in- structors is to mention the most eminent men of the profession that have added luster to medicine and surgery within the last decade or more in the United States. Doctor Kornegay took post gradu- ate work in the New York Polyclinic Hospital and clinic work in the New York Post Graduate College, and subsequently attended clinics at Johns Hop- kins University, Baltimore, Maryland, the clinic of the late Doctor Murphy, one of Chicago 's most distinguished men of scientific attainments, and the noted Mayo Brothers at Rochester, Minnesota. These unusual advantages have served to bring to perfection the knowledge and skill that Doctor Kornegay exercises as diagnostician and surgeon. Doctor Kornegay was married June 7, 191:!, to Miss Leoninie Dumais, who was born at Adams, Massachusetts. She is of French parentage, her parents having been born in Alsace Province. She is a lady of many social graces and numerous accomplishments. After completing the regular course of study in the high school, residing then in New York City, she entered the Boston Conserva- tory of Music and subsequently studied the art in both France and Germany. Doctor and Mrs. Kornegay have one son, Robert Dumais Kornegay, who was born June 30, 1914. Doctor Kornegay is identified with various scien- tific • bodies and is a highly valued member of the Nash County, the Seaboard, the Fourth Dis- trict and the North Carolina State Medical socie- ties. It has been said of him that he not only brings to his patients the fine skill that will re- lieve their disabilities, but an atmosphere that en- courages and a quiet, strengthening influence that assures healing. Marcus Wiley Brown was admitted to the North Carolina bar twenty years ago, and since then has made a commendable record of achieve- ment in the general work of his profession and also in the successful handling of various adminis- trative and executive public, offices. He is one of the recognized leaders of the Asheville' bar. Mr. Brown was born in Leicester, Buncombe County, North Carolina, September 21, 1876, a son of Thomas Caney and Margaret Lucinda (Hawkins) Brown. His father for a number of years was a merchant and served as chairman of the Board of County Commissioners of Buncombe County. A member of a substantial and honored family, Marcus Wiley Brown grew up in a good home, was educated both in public and private schools, and took his literary education and law training both in the University of Tennessee and the University of North Carolina. He was ad- mitted to the bar in September, 1897, when he had just turned twenty-one, and since then has been busied with an accumulating general practice. In addition to his private clientage he has filled the office of county attorney, was police judge for a time, and for two terms was solicitor of the Nineteenth Judicial District. Mr. Brown is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a mem- ber of the Knights of Pythias, the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and a member of the Kappa Alpha College Fraternity. He is one of the governors of the AsheviHe Club and is a steward of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, South, at Asheville. June 20, 1906, Mr. Brown married Leonora Eugenia Johnston, daughter of Robert B. and Leonora V. (Pulliam) Johnston, a well-known family of Asheville, where her father has long been prominent in business and financial circles. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have four children: Leonora Eugenia, Sarah Eleanor, Marcus Wiley, Jr., and Margaret Lucinda. William Henry McKee, M. D. Distinguished in that long and honorable roll of North Carolina's medical men was William Henry McKee, the last- ing benefit of whose services was rendered during the middle of the last century. He was born at Raleigh September 7, 1814, and died April 24, 1875, at the age of sixty-one. His parents were James McKee of Orange County, North Carolina, and Priscilla Macon, of Frank- lin County, a niece of Hon. Nathaniel Macon. In 1839 Doctor McKee received his M. D. de- 236 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA gree from the University of Pennsylvania, and spent two years as an interne in Blockley Hos- pital. Prior to taking up the active practice of medicine he was a druggist for several years. For more than a quarter of a century he practiced actively at Raleigh, and in that time there came to him a large share of professional and civic honors. He was one of the founders of the State Medical Society in 1849 and was its secretary during its first three years. In 1857 he was elected president of the society and in 1859 was elected one of the first State Medical Examining Board, North Caro- lina being the first state in the Union to estab- lish such a board. Doctor McKee was for many years a member of the board of directors, was also president and attending physician to the State School for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind. He also served a long time as one of the Board of Com- missioners of Raleigh, a position afterwards called alderman. He was at one time grand master of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows in North Caro- lina. March 8, 1842, Doctor McKee married Susan E. Battle, a. member of the prominent family of that name in North Carolina. The children of that marriage were: James, who married Mildred Sasser; Laura, who married W. B. Gulick; Lewis; and William. On November 20, 1854, Doctor Mc- Kee married Eliza O. Nixon. The only child of that marriage was Eliza N, who is the wife of Dr. Kemp P. Battle, Jr., of Raleigh. James McKee, M. D. For more than three- quarters of a century the name McKee has been prominently identified with the medical profession of North Carolina. One of the name to gain dis- tinction was the late Dr. James McKee, who was the son of an earlier leader in medicine and pub- lic affairs of North Carolina, Dr. William Henry McKee and his wife, Susan E. Battle. Reference to the life and work of Dr. William H. McKee will be found on other pages. Born at Raleigh January 5, 1845, Dr. James Mc- Kee spent more than forty years in the active work of his profession, and died January 10, 1912. He received his early training in the Lovejoy Academy at Raleigh, and then entered the State University, whose halls he left at the age of seven- teen to take up arms for the Confederacy. After the war he did not resume his studies at the uni- versity, but forty years later was granted a diploma by that institution. Entering the army, he spent four years and gave the utmost loyalty of his nature and his strength to the Confederate cause. He was in active service four years, and was ad- vanced from private to lieutenant. After the war Doctor McKee entered the Belle- vue Hospital Medical College at New York, where he was granted his M. D. degree in 1869. From that time forward he practiced medicine in Raleigh, and besides the esteem in which he was held by his patients and host of friends, he had more than an ordinary share of professional honors. For several years he served as secretary and was also president of the State Medical Society. For many years he was professor of obstetrics in the Leonard Medical School in Shaw University for the Colored in Raleigh, which he served as its first professor and for many years as its dean. His great public service, however, was rendered to the insane asylum at Raleigh. He was one of its di- rectors from 1896 until 1901, when he was elected superintendent, and in that capacity he wisely ad- ministered the affairs of one of the state's most important public institutions until his death. Doctor McKee was one of the founders and for many years president of the Capital Club of Raleigh. Fraternally he was an Odd Fellow. On September 30, 1873, at Raleigh he married Mildred Sasser, daughter of John W. and Lueinda (Hay- wood) Sasser. Their children were William Henry; John Sasser, who married Elizabeth Purnell; James B., who married Margaret McPheeters; Edwin Borden ; Lewis Middleton, who married Ada Strayhorn; and Philip. / James McKee. It can hardly be said that James McKee has neglected any opportunity since he started out to make a name in the world. His active career began as soon as he had completed his education in the Raleigh Male Academy. He was born at Raleigh December 10, 1878, a son of James and Mildred (Sasser) McKee. His father was long a well known physician at Raleigh. On leaving school James McKee found employ- ment in the executive offices of the Southern Rail- way under Col. A. B. Andrews. He remained there four years. He left the railroad to enter the life insurance business, and made a record as an ag- gressive business getter during the next six years. He was then for four years manager of the new business department of the Carolina Power and Light Company, and in 1914 he and Mr. James McKinnon established the MeKinnon and McKee Real Estate and Insurance Company. This com- pany are successors to the Raleigh Insurance and Real Estate Company and they handle a large volume of real estate transactions in and outside of Raleigh and also represent a number of the standard insurance lines. Mr. McKee is secretary and treasurer of the company. He is a member of the Capital and Country clubs, of the Elks' Lodge and the Milburnie Fish- ing Club., He was married November 4, 1914, to Miss Margaret McPheeters, Of Raleigh, daughter of Alexander M. McPheeters, a prominent citizen of Raleigh. They have one son, James, Jr., born March 31, 1916. Richard Alvah Sentelle. The position of Richard Alvah Sentelle in Haywood County is measured neither by large accumulations of ma- terial property nor by conspicuous honors of poli- tics. His work, quietly and efficiently performed through a period of half a century, has consisted in the training of minds' and the turning of many to righteousness. It has been well said that his chief fortune is that invested in the lives and characters of a host of men and women in Haywood and other counties, in the form of teaching and inspiration, the influence and results of which will go on forever. Mr. Sentelle was born in Henderson County, North Carolina, December 23, ' 1846. Thus his early youth and boyhood had to pass through the ordeals and obstacles of war times. Even before the war it was possible to attend school only a few months each year. During the four years of strife the schools of the county were closed al- together. He arrived in Haywood County soon after the war and during the spring of I860 was working as a hand on the farm of W. W. Lenoir in East Fork Township. In the fall of the same year he en- tered school under Dr. J. M. Mease, and during the winter of 1867 was under the instruction of Rev. Dr. D. B. Nelson. It was during that winter flJjjuMu, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 237 that the foundation of his aims and ambitions was laid. Mr. Sentelle taught his first school in the fall of 1867. This was on the west fork of Pigeon, and since then for every year except one he has been connected with school work. In 1871 he taught a public school for the first time at the Thickety schoolhouse. Capt. W. J. Wilson, under whom he had studied and recited, was county examiner at the time and granted him his first teacher's certificate. Mr. Sentelle early realized that no amount of training could be too much for a man whose career was to be a teacher of use. Thus in 1875 he was again in school at Waynesville under Dan M. Jones, considered one of the best teachers in Haywood County. For two years he alternated between teaching and studying, and then left off teaching altogether and spent an entire year de- voted to his books. Almost every year since then he has attended summer normals and has accepted every opportunity to equip himself the better for his duties. At different times Mr. Sentelle was principal of schools at Bethel, Waynesville, Clyde, Eock Springs and at Bellevue in Cherokee County, and has taught many free schools In different points of the county. It was his wide experience and his knowledge of local school conditions that has enabled him to render such splendid service in the office of county superintendent. He was first elected to that posi- tion in 1881, and remained in office twelve years. He was then out of office for eight years, but in 1901 was again elected and has had the super- vision of the public school work in Haywood County continuously since. For many years Mr. Sentelle has been an active minister of the Baptist Church and has performed a great deal of preaching and pastoral work. For ten years he was secretary of the Western North Carolina Baptist Convention, and for several years was moderator of the Haywood County Baptist Association. As he looks back over his busy life it must be a matter of pride and satisfaction to see the several churches and many schoolhouses that stand as monuments to his efforts and influence, and also the many leading citizens of the county who at different times have been pupils in his school. In 1867 Mr. Santelle married Addie Blaylock. They have reared and trained a most worthy family of children, namely : Lizzie, wife of Zimri Sogers, of Detroit, Michigan; Lavonia, wife of W. E. Sheppard, of Mooresville, North Carolina; Nannie, who married C. H. Chamblee, of Wake- field; Iola, wife of John MeElroy; John E., Horace N., Boone, Ennis, who is superintendent of graded schools at Lamberton; and Jennie May. Hon. A. G. Mangum. Among the members of the Gaston County bar none have attained more honorable or respected position than Hon. A. G. Mangum, of Gastonia, an ex-member of the Leg- islature and a citizen of public, spirit and gen- eral worth. Mr. Mangum is generally acknowl- edged to possess a ready and sound judgment in broad and intricate matters of civil jurisprudence and his knowledge of the law is extensive in its comprehensiveness and accuracy, while in its ap- plication he is earnest, concise, logical and force- ful, fairly earning his high standing in the ranks of his calling. Mr. Mangum was born in 1868, in Mangum Township, Orange County, North Carolina, a son of Addison and Nannie Taylor (Speed) Mangum, and a member of an old aud ditsinguished family of the Old North State whose members were for several generations large planters, and, before the war between the states, extensive slavehold- ers. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Mangum was Ellison G. Mangum, who was a first cousin of Wilie P. Mangum, the distinguished North Carolina statesman of the early part of the nine- teenth century, who had a long and eminent ca- reer as a United States senator and who at one time was president of the Senate. Addison Man- gum, who fought as a soldier iu the ranks of the gray during the last two years of the Civil war, passed his entire life in Orange County, and died in 1908, at nearly eighty-two years of age, at the old family home ' ' The Cedars. ' ' This home is not far from old ' ' Walnut Hall, ' ' which was the home and plantation of Senator Wilie P. Mangum in Orange County. One of the brothers of Addison Mangum, Dr. A. W. Mangum, was in his day professor of English and moral philoso- phy in the University of North Carolina, and the son of the latter, Dr. Charles Staples Mangum, is a prominent physician and holds the chair of anatomy in the University of North Carolina. On Mr. Mangum 's mother 's side the family history is very interesting. The Speeds came from England in early colonial days, one of them set- tling in Virginia, and from him Mrs. Mangum was descended. Members of this family were prominent in colonial, Revolutionary and subse- quent American history. William Speed, one of the members of this family, who lived at Spring- field, Illinois, was a merchant at the time Abra- ham Lincoln went to that city as an unknown young lawyer to gain a start in his profession. Looking over the town for an office, because of having no money he was unsuccessful in his search until he met Mr. Speed, who had a vacant office in his store building and who told young Lincoln to go ahead and occupy it and not to worry about the rent until he got ready to pay it. Mr. Lin- coln, when he became president, offered Mr. Speed a lucrative political appointment, which, on ac- count of his business affairs, the latter did not accept, whereupon Mr. Lincoln appointed Mr. Speed 's brother, of Louisville, Kentucky, to the office of attorney-general. Mrs. Mangum was born at Buffalo Springs, Virginia, and died at the home place in Orange County, North Car- olina. A. G. Mangum received his early education at Horner's Military School at Oxford, North Car- olina, following which he attended the State Uni- versity, and was duly graduated therefrom. He read law under the capable preceptorship of Judge Avery, of Durham, North Carolina, and in 1893 was licensed to practice. In 189-t he changed his residence to Gaston County, locating at Gas- tonia, the county seat, which has since been his home. He is now a prominent and successful law- yer of large practice, representing legally a number of the large and important industrial in- terests which are located at Gastonia and in Gas- ton County. At the present time he is serving in the capacity of county attorney, and at various times has held other positions of trust, having been a member of the Legislature in 1907-08. As a citizen he has shown a desire to assist his community in its growth and welfare in every possible way, and is always found with other pub- lic-spirited men in the promotion of beneficial enterprises. He is now a member of the board of trustees of the University of North Carolina, and 238 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA has always been a close and generous friend of the cause of education. Mr. Mangum was united in marriage with Miss Annie Walton, of Morganton, North Carolina, and they have two children, Francis and Annie Speed. John Edward Swain, since January, 1915, solicitor of the Nineteenth Judicial District, was admitted to the North Carolina bar in the fall of 1905 and for the past twelve years has maintained a successful position in the profession at Ashe- ville, where he is member of the firm Jones, Wells & Swain, with offices in the Legal Building. Mr. Swain was born at the village or postoffiee known as Democrat in Buncombe County, North Carolina, September 26, 1876, a son of Rev. John L. and Harriett E. (Carter) Swain. His father gained honorable distinction by his services as captain of Company K in the Seventeenth Regi- ment of North Carolina Infantry during the war between the states. Later for many years he served as a minister of the Methodist Protestant Church. John Edward Swain besides the advan- tages of an education in the public schools attended Weaverville College and in 1902 graduated from the University of North Carolina. After that he taught school and studied law in the summer sessions of the university until he was admitte'd to practice in 1905. During the fall of that year he continued teaching school, but in January, 1906, came to Asheville and practiced as a mem- ber of the firm Wells & Swain in partnership with R. M. Wells until January 15, 1917. At that date the firm was reorganized as Jones, Wells & Swain. Mr. Swain has been a leader in the democratic party in Western North Carolina and he was chairman of the County Executive Committee from 1910 to 1914, and since January, 1915, has made a splendid record by his capable and fearless administration of the office of solicitor for the Nineteenth Judicial District. In 1912 Mr. Swain was elected a trustee of the University of North Carolina. He is also a director of the State Colored School at Greensboro, and is a member of the County and State Bar associations. Mr. Swain is one of the prominent laymen of the Methodist Protestant Church, has sat as a mem- ber of the General ' Conference and is chairman of the BoaVd of Trustees of the Asheville church of this denomination. August 14, 1913, Mr. Swain married Mozelle B. Stringfield, a native of Wake County, North Caro- lina, and a daughter of Rev. O. L. Stringfield, a widely known Baptist minister in this state. Mr. and Mrs. Swain have two children, John Edward, Jr., and Dorothy Mozelle. Cary Kennedy Durpey, though only thirty-five years of age, has gone far in business accomplish- ment, and is one of the leading real estate and insurance men of North Carolina. Born at Wilmington, North Carolina, December 28, 1882, he is a son of William Edwin and Fannie Ida (Carroll) Durfey. His father was a mechanic and the son grew up in a home of modest comfort, with only such advantages as the public schools pro- vided in the way of education. His real entrance into life of practical expe- rience was when he came to Raleigh and accepted a position as clerk in a grocery store and after- wards accepted a position as bookkeeper with Mrs. Florence P. Tucker. He arose from this position to a trusted assistant, whose honesty, ability and energy was so marked as to cause her to name him as one of her two executors and trustees of her estate at her death. A few months after her death the other trustee died leaving Mr. Durfey in complete charge. In the eight years which have since passed he has ably justified the confidence reposed in him, having handled the estate with such business foresight as to greatly enhance its value each year. He is now president of the Capital Insurance & Realty Co., president of the Highlands Farms Co., secretary and treasurer of the Central Building Co., a director of the Raleigh Banking & Trust Company, a director of the Raleigh Building & Loan Association, and a director of the Atlantic Fire Insurance Co. Mr. Durfey finds time also for social and civic interests. He is treasurer of the Raleigh Young Men 's Christian Association, a member of the Rotary Club and is a Mason and belongs to the Country Club, and is also a director of the Cham- ber of Commerce. On April 22, 1914, he married Miss Margaret Whitmel Allen of Raleigh, North Carolina. They have two children: Frances Alston and Florence Tucker. Mr. Durfey is also a member of the Board of Deacons of the First Presbyterian Church. Thomas Whitmel Allen, father of Mrs. Durfey, was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, April 5, 1849, a son of Christopher Blake and Mariam Bradford Alston Allen. The Allen family for several generations were railroad men, and Thomas W. Allen, who died October 18, 1901, was in active service as a railroad man all his career. His widow, Elizabeth Alston, is now living in Raleigh. They were the parents of four children: B. Lacy, of Raleigh; Jomes O., of Raleigh; Thomas W., Jr., of Raleigh; and Margaret W., now Mrs. Cary K. Durfey. Mrs. Durfey was educated at St. Mary's and Southern Conservatory of Music at Durham. The Alstons in North Carolina were of colonial ancestors who founded homes in the wilds of America, the wisdom and genius of whose sons contributed to the forming and establishing of this great republic. They have also furnished men for Colonial Congress and congressmen of today. Donnell Gilliam. Through several generations the name Gilliam has been prominent in the legal profession and in the public life of North Carolina. One of the ablest of these lawyers and citizens was Donnell Gilliam, who died at Tarboro May 6, 1908. He was a son of Judge Henry A. Gilliam and was born at Plymouth, North Carolina, October 31, 1861. His father, Judge Gilliam, was for many years distinguished as a lawyer and also served as judge of the Superior Court of the Second Dis- trict. Judge Gilliam at the close of his term as judge located at Tarboro in December, 1882, and a few weeks later Donnell Gilliam joined him from Elizabeth City, where he had shortly before begun the practice of law. At Tarboro he entered a partnership with his father and this firm enjoyed a distinctive position in the profession until the death of the senior member in 1890. Soon after that Donnell Gilliam joined practice with his brother Henry A. Gilliam. Henry A. Gilliam, it should be noted, was born in Edenton County, North Carolina, September 7, 1870, a son of Henry Augustus and Hannah (Cle- ments) Gilliam. He was educated in Horner's Military School, the Tarboro Male Academy, the University of North Carolina, and finished his law A, J/O^L fi-ClW^t 7 i^l/J 7t£&OL^U-f_ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 239 course in the University in 1892 He became prominent as a leader in democratic politics and represented Edgecombe Count)' in the Legislature in 1899, and was state senator in 1913 and 1915. Donnell Gilliam was also prominent in public affairs, though the esteem in which he was held was not due to official honors but rather to per- sonal character. At the time of his death the editor of a local newspaper who had known him for a quarter of a century told the story of his life perhaps more effectively and with a greater approximation to justice than anyone else could. From the sketch written by this editor the fol- lowing extracts are made. The first refers to Mr. Gilliam soon after he came to Tarboro. ' • Two unrelated events soon followed to bring Don Gilliam into favorable notice ami esteem. The State Medical Society met here in the spring of 188.'! and the address of welcome was made by him. It was a great effort. The writer was present and sees now a handsome young athlete proffering a welcome in diction so choice, in sen- tences so vividly depicting the altruism of the medical profession that young and old, doctors and laymen, were moved to hearty applause. His repu- tation as a speaker was established. ' ' Soon after this came his first big case, Farrar vs. Weathersbee, on exceptions to the findings of the referee. Older lawyers represented the plain- tiff, and young Gilliam the defendant. In his argu- ment, which the judge and all who heard him pronounced masterly, he displayed an acquaintance with the law, a research and a knowledge which convinced all that- he could hold his own with the best. Time proved him to be both a foremost lawyer and pleader and from that time till now he enjoyed a lucrative practice. ' ' Mr. Gilliam had developed the quality of thor- oughness to a rare degree. In his practice when a subject of law came up he studied it thoroughly and briefed it, thus acquiring such a full and accurate knowledge of the law in all its ramifica- tions that it was almost impossible .to take him unawares. No speaker have we ever heard was happier in his choice of words. He always used the best word to convey his idea. He was never prolix and never in his speeches resorted to slang. His English, whether addressing the jury on the evidence, or the court on law, was of the best. He probably never made a speech that was not a classic. Learned as he was, he was equally as re- sourceful, as members of the bar who came in touch with him appreciated. To laymen this quality was exemplified in the redeeming of the county from negro rule in 1892 and 1898. Those who were with him in those fights will bear ample testimony of his courage, judgment and resourcefulness. "For many years he was the most popular man in the county. Not since the war has there been, we believe, a man so popular or who had so many friends. In 1884 he was an elector and the youngest in the electoral college. The following year he was elected solicitor of the Inferior Court of this county and served nearly ten years with an ability and a success that made this tribunal more dreaded by the law breaker than the Superior Court. He also served two terms as mayor and three as town commissioner. To his efforts was due the installation of the water system. ' ' He served two terms as state senator and could have been such again and again had he sig- nified the slightest wish. In 1896 he at the demand of his party headed the county ticket for senator, but with the rest of his colleagues he went down in defeat by the combined republicans and popu- lists. Probably the only political office he ever sought was that of congressman in 1900, when he was defeated for the nomination by Claude Kit- chin, the present congressman. The Edgecombe delegation stood by him to a man even to the last ballot. He was widely known throughout the state and is justly regarded as one of the ablest men ever born in the state. ' ' November 10, 1886, he married Miss Mamie Rawls, oldest daughter of E. W. Rawls. Their four children were: Hannah Clements, named for her grandmother; Donnell, a successful member of the Tarboro bar; Louis and Mary Rawls. Donnell Gilliam, a prominent member of the Tarboro bar, was born at Tarboro March 12, 1889, a son of Donnell and Mamie (Rawls) Gilliam. His father 's sketch appears elsewhere in this pub- lication. Mr. Gilliam was educated in the high school, attended the University of North Carolina from 1905 to 1910, graduating A. B., and took his law degree in February, 1910. In September, 1911, he moved from Tarboro to Greenville, where he was in practice for several years, but in March, 1916, returned to Tarboro and handles a large general practice. In June, 1916, he was appointed attorney for Tarboro. At the age of twenty-one he was chairman of the Democratic Executive Com- mittee in Edgecombe County, and is now secretary of the County Board of Electors. He is a mem- ber of the North Carolina Bar Association, the Tar Heel Club, the Tarboro Golf Club, is a Mason and a Knight of Pythias. He is also a member of the Episcopal Church. March 25, 1916, he married Miss Alice Farley, of Aurora, Nebraska. Eugexe Whitmel Smith is proprietor of a farm and country seat that would easily furnish material for almost a book, not only descriptive of its charms and productive enterprise but also of its wealth of associations with North Carolina history and especially the annals of the Smith family. This farm, known as Lebanon, is in Duke Township, five miles southwest of Dunn on the Raleigh and Fayetteville Road and on Rural Route No. 4 out of Dunn. The present owner and proprietor belongs to one of the old and noted families of the Cape Fear and Little River sections of North Carolina, and one that has kinship with numerous other historic families in the annals of the state. This branch of the Smiths was founded in North Car- olina by E. W. Smith 's great-grandfather, John Smith, whose ancestors came from Scotland and first settled in Virginia. A few years before the beginning of the Revolutionary war John Smith came to North Carolina and located on a tract of land near the junction of the Little River and the Cape Fear River. This land was then in Cumberland County, but is now in the extreme southeastern part of Harnett County. He was one of the large landed proprietors of his time. Mdst of that land has been continuously lived on by his descendants and is still owned by them. The old house built by John Smith for his home is still standing. That it was the scene of more than one passage at arms is shown by the numerous holes in the building caused by bullets and cannon balls. It is in fact one of the oldest structures of habitation found in the state. All the region around it is known as Smithville and is especially rich in historj'. 240 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA On what was originally Smith lands is Chicora Battlefield, whei;e the last battle of the war be- tween the states prior to the surrender at Ben- tonville was fought. Adjoining is old Averasboro, now an extinct village, but which in the early his- tory of North Carolina was of such importance that it came very near being selected as the cap- ital of the state. Thus all this ground is hal- lowed with history and with associations that are prized by many families. John Smith was a man of prominence in his day, noted for his learning, his dignity, his substantial wealth, and his lead- ership in public and political affairs. He was at one time a member of the North Carolina House of Commons. A son of this pioneer was Farquhard Smith, who was born at Smithville. One of his sons is still living, Dr. Farquhard Smith of Dunn, a grand- son of John Smith and uncle of the Eugene W. Smith above named. Doctor Smith was born in 1839 and was one of seven brothers who served all through the war in the Confederate Army. Following the war he studied medicine in the Med- ical College of South Carolina at Charleston, graduated in 1869, practiced his profession in Johnston County for six or eight years, and then removed to Harnett County, where for something over thirty years he carried his patience, skill, learn- ing and ability to a large round of people who counted him a precious friend as well as a most trusted medical adviser. He is now living re- tired, makes his home among his children and is a gentleman of most interesting personality, with a mind replete with interesting and historical remineseences of both the old and the new South. Doctor Smith's mother was Sallie (Sloeomb) Smith. Her family was a most interesting one. Her grandmother was the famous Polly Sloeomb of Bladen County, wife of Ezekiel Sloeomb, a' Eevolutionary soldier. Polly Sloeomb herself per- formed acts of heroism during that war which made her name familiar to all who have followed the fortunes of this state in the strug- gle for independence. The father of Eugene W. Smith was Henry Elliott Smith. He was born at Smithville, and like his brothers served through the war in the Confederate Army in a cavalry regiment. With the close of the war he went to Fayetteville, Cumberland County, and there spent the rest of his life, and he died in 1903. He married Miss Maria Louise Cross, of Louisiana, both of whose parents were natives of France. She was a stu- dent during the later years of the war at Burwell School at Charlotte, North Carolina. While a student there she first met the dashing young cavalryman whom she afterwards married. She died in 1905. Eugene Whitmel Smith, son of Henry E. Smith, was born at Fayetteville in 1875. He was reared and educated in his native city and was a student in the graded military school there which before the war was known as the Donaldson Military Academy. While a member of the Fayette Mili- tary Company he won the first prize for being the best drilled man in his company. For some years Mr. Smith was engaged in the turpentine business in Alabama and other parts of the South, but in 1909 returned to Smithville in Har- nett County and has busied himself with the de- velopment and cultivation of his fine farm, Leb- anon, comprising something over 600 acres. The place is the original home of his grandfather, and is two miles from the first home of the John Smith above mentioned. As a home it leaves noth- ing to be desired in the way of attractiveness, environment and comforts, and the farm sur- rounding it combines all those elements which have made this one of the rich agricultural sections of the state. Mr. Smith carries on general farming operations, and is one of the leading producers "of cotton and corn in Harnett County. Like his fore- fathers, he measures up to all the tests applied to good citizenship, is enterprising and public- spirited, and while without political ambition is always willing to help solve some problem that concerns the welfare of his immediate commu- nity. Mr. Smith married Miss Mary Eleanor Robin- son, of Clinton, Sampson County. They have four children, Mary Robinson, Eugene Whitmel, Jr., Annabelle and Sidney Douglas. Homer LeGrand Lyon in his personal career as a lawyer and public official has added further honors to a name which has long enjoyed dis- tinction in the legal profession and public life of the state. He was born in Elizabethtown, North Carolina, March 1, 1879. His father is Judge Chatham Cal- houn Lyon, a prominent lawyer and former judge of the Ninth Judicial District. The mother is Maggie (Richardson) Lyon. Homer L. Lyon determined early in his career to take up the law, and his choice of a profession has been well justified by the results since he began practice over fifteen years ago. He was educated in the Davis Military School, spent two year's in the literary department of the University of North Carolina, and then finished in the law department. He was admitted to the bar in September, 1900, and on January of the follow- ing year began his practice at Whiteville. His has been a general practice, and he has handled many important eases. In 1913 Governor Locke Craig appointed him to the office of solicitor of the Eighth Judicial District, and in 1914' he was elected for the regular term, which expires in 1918. Mr. Lyon -is a member of the State Executive Committee of the democratic party in North Caro- lina, and in 1904 he was a delegate to the National Convention at St. Louis. He is a past master of his Masonic Lodge, is past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and belongs to the Indepen- dent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church at Whiteville. Mr. Lyon was married October 26, 1904, to Miss Kate Mallory Burkhead of Whiteville. Born to their union are three children: Catherine Graee, Homer LeGrand, Jr., and Margaret Dixie. Obediah Thomas Carver has been active in mer- cantile and manufacturing business in North Car- olina for many years, and is now handling many of the details of the Duke interests at Durham. He was born near Roxboro in Person County, North Carolina, January 30, 1866, a son of Thomas Jefferson and Eliza Gordon (Lawson) Carver. His father was a farmer. Obediah Carver was educated in private schools and in 1884 at the age of eighteen came to Durham and found his first employment as clerk in a wholesale and retail grocery house. In 1889 he became paymaster dur- ing the construction of the Norfolk and Western Railway. In 1890 upon the completion of that line of road he engaged in the warehouse business for four vears and from 1902 to 1906 was in the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 241 tobacco warehouse business. In May, 1906, he be- came private secretary to B. L. Duke, and is still Mr. Duke's confidential man. In July, 1908, the organization of Duke Land and Improvement Com- pany was consummated at which time he was made assistant secretary and manager of the company. Mr. Carver is a member of the Masonic Order and the Mystic Shrine, is a past exalted ruler of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, has affiliations with the Independent Order of Odd Pel- lows and the Knights of Pythias and is a member of the Durham Rotary Club. February 12, 1890, he married Nannie E. Bradsher. They have one son, Gordon Malone Carver, who was educated in Trin- ity College, graduating in 1915, and is now second lieutenant in the quartermaster 's department of the United States Army. Angus Dhu MacLean. Both through his pro- fession and through his business and civic rela- tions Mr. MacLean has had a successful career since he came to Washington in 1899. He long since attained a high place in his profession and through his ability. and character enjoys the excep- tional confidence and esteem of clients and fellow lawyers. Mr. MacLean represents the solid old Scotch stock so numerously and prominently represented in North Carolina. He was born at Maxton, in Robeson County, North Carolina, July 12, 1877, a son of John Allen and Mary Virginia (Brown) MacLean. His mother was a sister of Judge Brown of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, and a sister-in-law of Chief Justice Shepherd. The father is a merchant and farmer. Angus MacLean was educated in private schools at Maxton and at Laurinburg, North Carolina, and there came under the instruction of the noted Professor Quackenbush. From 1894 to 1898 he was a student in the "Uni- versity of North Carolina, and in August, 1898, graduated from the law department. Mr. MacLean had a brief experience in practice at Maxton with G. B. Patterson, until April, 1899, and at that date located at Washington, where he became asso- ciated with John H. Small, congressman from this district. The firm of Small & MacLean has since been increased by the addition of other competent lawyers and is now Small, MacLean, Bragaw & Rodman. Mr. MacLean handles a general practice, but largely tending to corporation work. He is presi- dent and general counsel of the Washington & Vandemere Railroad, division counsel for the Norfolk Southern, attorney for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, general counsel in North Carolina for The Interstate Cooperage Company and the Roanoke R. R. & Lumber Company, divi- sion counsel for the Roper Lumber Company, gen- eral counsel for Albemarle farms and other large development projects in Eastern North Carolina, in which he has been active attorney for E. R. Mixon & Company, The First National Bank of Washington, Bank of Bellehaven, and many other business enterprises in his section of the state. He is one of the members in high standing of the North Carolina and American Bar Asso- ciations and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In October, 1900, Mr. MacLean married An- netta Everett, daughter of Capt. Lawrence Everett of Laurinburg, North Carolina. They have five children : Angus D., Jr., Mary Virginia, Martha Lawrence, Annetta Everett and Janie. . Henry Clay Dockehy. Standing prominent on the list of the younger members of the legal pro- fession of North Carolina is found the name of Henry Clay Dockery, who has been engaged in practice at Charlotte since 1915 and is adding to the prestige which he secured at Rockingham. He comes of an old and distinguished family of the Old North State, the members of which have been eminent in profession and public life, and bids fair to prove a worthy successor to those who have gone before him. Mr. Dockery was born at Rockingham, Rich- mond County, North Carolina, and is a son of Hon. Henry C. and Minnie (Everett) Dockery. His grandfather, Hon. Alfred Dockery, was one of the distinguished men of his day in North Carolina and one who had great influence in the political destinies of his state. He was a son of Thomas Dockery, was born in Richmond County, December 11, 1797, and early adopted the vocation of planter, continuing to be engaged as such during the active period of his life. Al- fred Dockery was elected to the North Carolina House of Commons in 1822, and served therein for several years, and in 1836 was elected a mem- ber of the State Senate and acted in that body until 1844. He was a strong whig in politics and as a representative of that party was elected a member of the Twenty-ninth Congress of the United States, beginning his services March 4, 1845, and serving until March 3, 1847. He de- clined renomination. He was, however, elected to the Thirty-second Congress, beginning March 4, 1851, and serving until March 3, 1853. In the following year he was the whig candidate for governor of the state, but met with defeat. He died at his residence in Richmond County De- cember 7, 1875. General Dockery, as he was known in his lifetime, was one of the most useful and public-spirited citizens of his day and one who did a great deal for his state, particularly the western portion thereof. The people of the state cherish his memory with great affection. He was a man of many strong friendships. The people of the western and southern sections of the state particularly felt a warm degree of grat- itude for General Dockery for his successful ef- forts, in 1854, to compel the somewhat reluctant democrats of the eastern and central sections of the state to adopt a more liberal attitude toward internal improvements, without which the western and southern portions of the commonwealth were practically shut in from the world and deprived of the means and advancement which were indis- pensable to their progress and prosperity. He was an unselfish, patriotic man in every respect. He was a member of the convention of 1835 which was called to remodel the old constitution which had been adopted by the Congress at Hali- fax in 1776. Among the children of Gen. Alfred Dockery was the late Col. Oliver Hart Dockery, the uncle of Henry Clay Dockery. He was born in Rich- mond County, North Carolina, August 12, 1830, graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1848, and became a planter. He was a mem- ber of the State Legislature in 1858-59, and first entered the Confederate service, but after serv- ing a short time in the army withdrew and took a strong stand in favor of the Federal Govern- ment. He was elected as a republican to the Fortieth and Forty-first congresses, beginning March 4, 1S67, and was United States consu- 242 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA general at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1899 to 1903, inclusive. His death occurred at Baltimore, Maryland, to which city he had gone for medi- cal treatment, February 22, 1906. Like his fa- ther, he was a man of wide influence in public and political affairs of North Carolina. Henry C. Dockery, father of Henry Clay Doek- ery, who died at his home at Rockingham in 1911, was born at the old Dockery home in Richmond County, six miles north of Rockingham. He was a very prominent man, both in his native county and in the state, and, following the traditions of his whig ancestry, was a republican in- politics. He was United States marshal for the "Western District of North Carolina for two terms, under both the McKinley and Roosevelt administra- tions, and was a man of wide influence in politi- cal affairs in the state. He was a member of the State Senate for two terms, and as a private citizen was extensively engaged as a farmer and had large property interests. One of his sons, John Dockery, is one of the largest and most successful farmers in North Carolina and the owner and operator of a large agricultural prop- erty in Richmond County. Henry C. Dockery married Miss Minnie Everett, a daughter of the late Captain Everett, who was the father of W. N. Everett, of Rockingham, a sketch of whose career will be found elsewhere in this work. Henry Clay Dockery was reared at Rocking- ham and there received his early education in the public schools. He was graduated from Wake Forest College with the class of 1909, and studied law in the University of North Carolina in 1910 and 1911, being graduated in the latter year and granted his license to practice. He began the pursuance of his professional duties at Rocking- ham, and in 1915 came to Charlotte, where he has since continued to be successfully engaged, and is now the law partner of Hon. Cameron Morrison. He is adjudged one of the thorough and promising younger members of the bar, and it is predicted that he will go a long way in his profession. On May 28, 1918, Mr. Dockery was selected for service as a soldier in the National Army. Hon. Joseph Shepard Adams. One of North Carolina's great and eminent lawyers and jurists was the late Joseph Shepard Adams, who was serving as a judge of the Superior Court of the Sixteenth Judicial District when death arrested his labors at Warrenton on April 2, 1911, at the age of sixty years. Of the experiences of his life and of the value of his character and attainments it is possible to recover much for the purpose of a written record through the memorial address delivered by Hon. J. C. Pritchard at a meeting of the Asheville bar. Joseph Shepard Adams was born at Strawberry Plains, Tennessee, October 12, 1850. His father, Rev. Stephen B. Adams, was a native of the same state. His mother, Cordelia Shepard, was a native of Yancey County, North Carolina. Rev. Stephen B. Adams moved from Tennessee to North Caro- lina and established a school at Burnsville, known as Burnsville Academy. He was a great educator and a very eminent divine. He is said to have been one of the most eloquent Methodist ministers of his day. Judge Adams owed much to the example and training of his excellent parents, who supervised his early education and that education obviously was much better than fell to the lot of many who grew up with him. He afterwards went to school to Col. Stephen Lee in Chunn 's Cove, just east of Asheville, a school which supplied advan- tages to a number of other prominent North Caro- lina men. In 1872 Judge Adams graduated with honor from Emory and Henry College. Moving to AsheviDe, he studied law under that modest old jurist who was literally ' ' without fear and without reproach, ' ' Judge John L. Bailey. Admitted to practice, he soon afterwards opened an office in Bakersville, Mitchell County, North Carolina. From his modest law office in that town he was promoted by election to the office of solicitor of the Eighth Judicial District. He served in the office of solicitor with ability and distinction for eight years. That he administered its duties with marked satisfaction is still attested by many older men who remember the enthusiasm, ■the courage and thoroughness with which Jo Adams, as he was affectionately called, conducted the prosecutions of the state. His reputation was not confined to the Eighth District. He was con- sidered one of the ablest solicitors in the state. He continued in the office of -solicitor for eight years, during which time he removed to States- ville, where he continued the practice of his pro- fession. At this point the direct words of Judge Prit- chard 's memorial address should be used as a more adequate statement of Judge Adams' career and attainments. ' ' Judge Adams was essentially a son of the mountains. While he was born in Tennessee, his mother came from the mountains of Western North* Carolina, and was a representative of one of the leading families of Yancey county. He was reared among our own people and notwith- standing the fact that he was an educated man and a good lawyer he was absolutely devoted to the mountain people. He never imagined that he was above those sturdy people who nad not had his opportunities. He understood them and they understood him. On our trips to Bakersville and other places, where we practiced, we would stop and spend the night with the people of that section and talk with them about their crops, politics and religion, and in all of these matters he had a common interest. In this way he became endeared to the people of this section as much as any man of his day. In those times the lawyers cultivated the social side of life more than they do now and good fellowship was the order of the day. The counties in which we practiced were Buncombe, Mitchell, Madison, Yancey and Mc- Dowell and sometimes Rutherford and Haywood. "In 1885 Judge Adams moved from States- ville to Asheville, where he established his perma- nent home and where he was actively engaged in the practice of law until his election as judge of the Superior Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Dis- trict to fill out the unexpired term of the late lamented Judge Fred Moore. Judge Moore had been on the Bench for several years and was acknowledged one of the ablest and purest judges the state had ever had. Tims it will be seen that Judge Adams assumed no easy task when he qualified as judge of this district in view of the splendid record that his honored predecessor had made. Judge Adams had been reelected in 1910 and had just begun the discharge of his duties when the end came. "There is no man who ever felt that Joseph Adams, either as a man, solicitor, lawyer or judge, had done him an injustice. During his term of HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 243 office as solicitor he had frequent opportunities to oppress and wrong the poor and ignorant who were brought before him for prosecution. But never once did he allow the hope of reward or personal enmity to influence him in the discharge of his duty. Neither did he ever permit himself to be influenced by the fear of evil consequences to himself or his fortunes while he was solicitor. He showed no man any favor because of superior birth or fortune or because of social or political influence. He did his duty simply and faithfully, without fear and without favor; and when his career as prosecuting officer expired he had per- haps as few enemies among those upon whom the punishment of the law had fallen through his efforts as a prosecuting attorney as any other man who ever held that important office. ' ' As a judge he never hesitated to spend all the time he thought necessary to enable him thoroughly to understand and grasp every feature of every case that came before him. He had no vanity to wish to appear abnormally quick and ready to see a point unless he actually saw and understood it in all of its bearings. These are the characteristics that bring a .judge in close contact with the bar and the community and enable him to command the respect of the good people of all classes. "After his election as judge and he had served during the unexpired terms in this district, there was never any doubt that he would receive the unanimous nomination for the next term. He had just entered upon his career as an elected judge when the end came. ' ' In his race against the Hon. Richmond Pear- son for Congress from this district, his true quali- ties shone forth. He was fair and temperate in debate, and the animosities and disagreements which had characterized previous joint debates were conspicuously absent from this campaign. It is true that he was defeated, yet he emerged from this raee with the respect of the best men of both parties and the increased affection of those who knew and loved him best. ' ' But it was as a friend anfl the father of a family that Joseph Adams' finest qualities shone brightest. Knowing the value of education he made it his business often times, I am afraid of great sacrifices of his own comfort and pleasure to see that each of his children received the best education the country could supply. Knowing, too, the importance of religious training, he saw to it that his family should be brought up, as he him- self had been, in the fear and admonition of the Lord. Two of his sons are already successful lawyers at the bar, and a third is a successful physician. His daughter is the wife of an eminent educator who holds a professorship in North- western I T niversity. He made a companion of his children, and himself being a consistent member of the Methodist church he set for them an example of unostentatious and sincere piety which must influence them throughout all the trials and pleasures of life. "As a friend I knew him best; there was no truer, sweeter, more affectionate man than Joseph Adams — none more loyal, more unselfish or more disinterested than he. Incapable of anything that. was small or mean, above all low suspicion and cunning, looking with charitable eyes upon the weaknesses and shortcomings of other men, bear- ing no malice in his heart azainst aiiv man, woman or child, he was one of the 'tall men. suncrowned, who dwell above the clouds in public and in private thinking. ' ' ' In 1877 Judge Adams married Sallie Sneed Greene, of Greensboro, North Carolina. She died November 16, 1901. Their children were: John Sneed Adams, attorney; Mrs. Julia Bryan, wife of Professor Bryan of Northwestern University; Junius G., a well known attorney of Asheville ; J. L. Adams, a Philadelphia physician; and Shepard R. and William G. Adams. Charles Carroll Cooper. Few people outside those intimately interested realize the extent of the great tobacco industry in the United States. When it is realized that the annual production of tobacco amounts to more than 1,000,000,000 pounds, enough to give every man, woman and child in the United States ten pounds each, this stupendous fact illustrates the volume and importance of this great industry. More than that, the United States produces two-thirds of all the tobacco used by mankind. In peaceful times, when conditions were normal, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany all grew large tobacco crops, but this industry, like others in those countries, is languishing and it is to the United States that tobacco users must turn for many years to come for a luxury that has become a necessity. The growing, the handling, the warehousing of this yearly crop, gives employment to many thousands and has brought to the front a number of men who have been trained to the business from early manhood. One of these able and experienced to- bacco men at Rocky Mount is found in Charles Carroll Cooper, who is president and general man- ager of the C. C. Cooper Tobacco Company, opera- tors of the old reliable Cooper 's Warehouse and a pioneer of the Rocky Mount Tobacco Market. Charles Carroll Cooper was born in Nash County, North Carolina, February 9, 1866. His parents are Neverson Wright and Patsy (Battle) Cooper. His father was an extensive planter for many years and was prominent and influential in public matters, serving as sheriff and treasurer of Nash County uninterruptedly for twenty-seven years in the two offices. The family homestead in Nash County has belonged to the Coopers for more than 200 years and no name is held in higher esteem. Charles C. Cooper received an academic education in the best institutions in the county and, although a practical business man all his life, possesses many of the qualifications that would have made him successful in some of the professions. He is active, courageous, patient, generous and often self-sacrificing, and his fellow citizens know these characteristics well. After leaving school Mr. Cooper went into the tobacco business, first as a warehouse bookkeeper. In 1894 he established a business under the trade name of Cooper's Warehouse, after an experience of four years in the business for himself, for two years being in Henderson, North Carolina, but for over a quarter of a century has been a resident of Rocky Mount and identified with the warehouse business at this place. The business he ■ estab- lished prospered from the first and in 1894 he established a record of sales that has been repeated every year since then, selling more pounds of to- bacco than any other warehouse man. This is ample proof of his thoroughness as a business man. It is safe to say that no more competent man in the tobacco business in Eastern North Carolina can be found today than Mr. Cooper and he has 244 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA surrounded himself with men who are thoroughly experienced in this business. Mr. Cooper served two terms as president of the Tobacco Board of Trade. Mr. Cooper was married December 20, 1893, to Miss Eva Bassette, who was born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, and is a daughter of William and Eva Bassette. The father of Mrs. Cooper is a contracting painter, well known all through this section. Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have three children: Chloe Miller, Helen Clifford and Charles C, Jr. Mr. Cooper has been an active and useful citi- zen, and during the time he was one of the city aldermen he advocated many of the measures that have brought about Rocky Mount's commercial prosperity. He is a Knight Templar Mason and both in and outside the fraternity has a host of warm, personal friends. Although a man of promi- nent position, he is exceedingly unostentatious in manner, is genial and friendly at all times and the poor and discouraged have often found in him a ready helper: There are enterprises now prosperously conducted at Eocky Mount that in their early days were generously financed by Mr. Cooper. He is too busy a man to actually seek recreation but when he feels the necessity for rest he sometimes retires to the old homestead, now the property of his brother. On that land his maternal great-great-grandfather, Lawrence Battle, settled when he came to America in 1735. The Battles of Swift Creek, Nash County, of which Mr. Cooper 's mother was one, are known all over this section of the state and have been prominent in business, agricultural and professional life. Archibald Cheatham, M. D. A busy profes- sional man over thirty years, widely known as one of the foremost physicians and surgeons of North Carolina, a host of other interests has claimed the time and abilities of Doctor Cheatham and with these his name is probably more intimately asso- ciated in the minds of many people than with his profession. Doctor Cheatham was born in Grandville County, North Carolina, in that portion that is now Vance County, on August 16, 1864. He comes of a pro- fessional family. His father was Dr. William T. Cheatham, who at one time in his career achieved the dignity and honor of being elected president of the North Carolina Medical Society. Doctor Archi- bald 's mother was Geneva (Davis) Cheatham. Doctor Cheatham was educated in private schools, in the Horner 's School at Henderson, North Caro- lina, and in 1885 graduated from the literary de- partment of Trinity College. He began his medi- cal studies in the University of Virginia, but fin- ished them in the University of Maryland, where he graduated M. D. in 1888. From that year until 1893 he was in practice at Henderson, and since then his home and professional interests have been at Durham. In 1913 he was elected superintendent of health of Durham County and city. For many years he has been an active member of the Ameri- can Public Health Association, and is a member of the American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infantile Mortality. He also belongs to the North Carolina Medical Society. In 1901-02 Doctor Cheatham was a member of the Board of Aldermen of Durham, In 1888 he entered the North Carolina Guards as a private, and subsequently served as surgeon with the rank of major in his regiment. He was with the state military organization until 1892. Some of his best service has been rendered as a pioneer and always an active advocate of good roads movements. He was one of the first to give definite form to good roads agitation, and his in- terests have been by no means provincial, and have extended in recent years to the great national high- ways. He was a member by appointment of the State Highway Commission in carrying out the ' ' Seashore to Mountains ' ' improvement. He is a member of the executive committee of the Appa- lachin Commission comprising seven states. In November, 1911, Governor Kitehin appointed him a member of the American Highways Association and in 1913 Governor Craig sent him as a delegate from North Carolina to the American Eoads Con- gress at Detroit, Michigan. He has served as chairman of the Roads Committee of the Chamber of Commerce at Durham. Doctor Cheatham is a .member of the United States Selection Service Exemption Board, in 1916- 17 was president of the North Carolina State Health Officers ' Association, is president of the Athletic Committee of Trinity College, and is for- mer president and for many years has been active in the Durham City and County Medical Board. He is a steward of the Memorial Methodist Episco- pal Church of Durham. Doctor Cheatham married for his first wife Ida Shaw of Randolph County, North Carolina. She died in 1903, the mother of five children: Geneva, Malcolm, Elizabeth, Archibald, Jr., and Ida Mae. In 1907 Doctor Cheatham married Ethel Gibbs of Columbia, South Carolina. They have two chil- dren, Robert Hunter and Bessie Gibbs. Welch Galloway. A representative member of the bar of his native state, Mr. Galloway is engaged in a successful practice at Brevard, and his present attainments are backed by twenty years of active experience. He has done much in a public way, has served as mayor of Bre- vard, and is in every sense a public-spirited, pro- gressive and loyal citizen. Mr. Galloway was born near Rosman, Transyl- vania County, North Carolina, January 3, 1872, a son of Andrew Jackson and Alpha M. (Aiken) Galloway. He spent his boyhood on his father 's farm, attending the local schools, and afterwards availed himself of the privileges of the Normal School in Jackson County. He finally took up the study of law in the University of North Car- olina, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1897, since which date he has handled a grow- ing general practice at Brevard. Mr. Galloway served as mayor of Brevard two years. He was never an office seeker, but in the democratic pri- mary held June 1, 1918. he was a candidate for judge of the Superior Court for the Eighteenth Judicial District of North Carolina. He had two other opposing democratic candidates. He did not secure the nomination, but there were only twelve votes cast against him in his home county. He is one of the stewards of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, South, of Brevard, and fraternally is identified with the Masons and the Knights bf Pythias. May 21, 1902, he married Miss Effie Hawkins, of Hendersonville. They have two children, Q. Lamar and Marian Amelia. James Eugene Rankin. If a list were being made of the oldest bankers of the state, and those who had been most successful in guiding their respective institutions through the storms of adversity and distress, few would dispute the -; ~ £> ~ PQ J Q < h ^ - s « fH H - r> =H H O pq o fc^e^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 215 appropriateness of the name of James Eugene Rankin of Asheville standing well at the top. Mr. Eankin entered banking in the years imme- diately following the devastating period of the war. He retired only recently, and his service was as successful as it was long. He was born in Cocke County, Tennessee, April 27, 1845, a son of William D. and Elizabeth (Roadman) Rankin. His father was a merchant and in 1846, the year following James Eugene's birth, moved to Asheville and conducted a large and prosperous establishment in that town until the time of the war. The son was educated in local schools, was reared in a home of social taste and comfort, and his early training fitted him to take charge as successor to his father 's business, which he continued for about twenty years. Mr. Rankin went into banking as vice president of the Bank of Asheville, which was the first financial institution established at Asheville after the war. He was with that bank until 1888, and the following three years was cashier of the Western Carolina Bank. In 1891 he and Col. Frank Coxe and Capt. J. P. Sawyer organized the Battery Park Bank of Asheville. Mr. Rankin served this institution as cashier until 1914, when he retired and was succeeded by his son. This bank from the beginning has enjoyed the confi- dence of the people in its integrity and the per- sonnel of its managing directory, and sustained this confidence to the full during the panic of 1907, when it was the only institution at Ashe- ville which went through without the impairment of its credit or resources for a single hour. Mr. Rankin has been a useful figure in public affairs at Asheville. He was elected mayor of the city in 1911 and has filled that office continuously since that date. He was first elected mayor in 1872, and the honor of this office has been con- ferred upon him a number of times. For twenty- two years he was chairman of the County Board of Commissioners of Buncombe County. He was one of the organizers and for ten years has been president of the Blue Ridge Building and Loan Association, is a former director of the Asheville Board of Trade, has been a member of the Ashe- ville Club since organization, and is a dyed in the wool democrat, cast his first vote in 1866 and has never missed an election in more than fifty years. October 10, 1867, Mr. Rankin married Miss Fannie Cocke, daughter of Congressman William M. Cocke of Asheville. Six children were born to their marriage: Clarence, who succeeded his father as cashier of the Battery Park Bank; William E., a horticulturist at Tryon, North Carolina; Arthur, cashier of the American National Bank of Ashe- ville; James G., who is in the cotton business; Edgar R., a brick manufacturer at Statesville; and Grace, wife of P. H. Branch, proprietor of the Morgo Terrace at Asheville. Willis James Brogdex. Teaching and school administration, a growing reputation as a lawyer, public office and business affairs have successively and together filled up the active years and de- manded the best energies of Mr. Brogden. He is a member of the prominent Durham law firm of Bryant & Brogden. He was born in Wayne County, North Caro- lina, October 18, 1877, a son of Willis H. and Vir- ginia E. (Robinson) Brogden. He spent his early life on his father 's farm, attended district schools, the high school at Goldsboro, from which he grad- uated in 1894, and from that year until 1898 was a student in the literary department of the Uni- versity of North Carolina. On leaving university he accepted a position as an instructor in the Raleigh Male Academy. In 1901 he came to Dur- ham and for five years was principal of the Fuller School and then was promoted to principal of the Durham High School. In the meantime from 1905 to 1907 he studied law in Trinity College, and in the latter year resigned his office as principal, entered the law department of the University of North Carolina, and was admitted to the bar on September 1, 1907. Since then he has been in active practice at Durham, at fiist with Col. S. C. Chambers under the firm name of Chambers & Brogden. In March, 1909, he formed his present partnership with Victor S. Bryant. Mr. Brogden served as county attorney of Dur- ham County from 1908 to 1911, and from 1911 to 1915 was the progressive mayor of Durham. He is director of and attorney for the First National Bank. He is a member in good standing of the North Carolina and the American Bar associa- tions, and is affiliated with Lodge No. 352, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Durham. January 9, 1917, Mr. Brogden married Lila Markham of Durham. She is a daughter of John L. Markham and a niece of W. T. Blaekwell, originator of the famous ' ' Bull Durham ' ' tobacco. Richard Dillard, M. D. Among the names that are widely and favorably known in Northeastern North Carolina, few have gained greater distinc- tion than that of Dillard. While this is particu- larly true as applying to the profession of medicine, many benefits have accrued from the family 's par- ticipation in literature, history and other fields of endeavor, and in this connection special mention should be made of Dr. Richard Dillard, the present worthy representative of the family at Edenton. Doctor Dillard was born at the home of his grandfather, "Farmers Delight," Nansemond County, Virginia, December 5, 1857, and is a son of Dr. Richard and Mary Louisa Beverly (Cross) Dillard. He comes of old Colonial stock of Eastern North Carolina and Virginia, and is a descendant of John Campbell, who founded the Town of Colerain in Bertie County, North Carolina, was a member of the Provincial Congress at Halifax and at Hillsborough, and resided at his place near Colerain, named "Lazy Hill." The elder Dr. Richard Dillard, father of the present doctor, was one of the eminent men of his day, and as a distinguished and useful life is a heritage to pos- terity whose lessons should be charished by its beneficiaries, a plain and unpretentious record of his life, written in the sincerity of friendship and in the candor of biographical truthfulness by one who loved and admired him, may not be without benefit — certainly not without interest — to his sur- vivors. Dr. Richard Dillard, the elder, had reached the patriarchal age of sixty-five years when the pale messenger beckoned him away from earth, and for nearly a half a century his life had been an ex- ample of usefulness, of energy and diligence in business, and of patriotic devotion to the interests of his country and his fellow men. His father, Maj. James Dillard, was a native and long resident of Sussex County, Virginia. It was at his father's home at Sussex that Dr. Richard Dillard was born, December 1, 1822. His early years were passed as those of other boys, in school and play, and in that physical development which afterwards 246 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA made him conspicuous among men. Of Scotch lineage, he inherited the personal and intellectual characteristics of that race which has so enriched the history of our country. He was by nature greatly endowed. To a large and commanding presence was added gracefulness of bearing and a winning expression which won the confidence and commanded the respect of men. These personal gifts of nature formed a setting for the social and intellectual qualities that made him the genial companion in the charmed circle of private friend- ship, the mentor of private confidence, the trusted counsellor in business, the safe leader in times of disturbance that tried men's souls. Cast in heroic mold of mind and form, he would in any associa- tion anywhere have been singled out as a leader among men. All the mental characteristics of leadership were his. His judgments were de- liberate and singularly unerring, and, when formed, were firm and unvarying. These, we think, were the striking combinations in the mental character- istics of our friend; independence of thought, self-reliant resources, deliberation in judgment, un- ering accuracy in his conclusions and tenacity when his conclusions had been reached. With such qualities men naturally turned to him for counsel and guidance. We have often reflected with pain that such qualities could not have been conserved in the public service; that fate, or destiny, or cir- cumstances, or whatever it may be called, had not made such men poor in worldly possessions and not encumbered them with the cares of worldly pros- perity. There are many striking cases of this kind in the history of the Albemarle section. Had Richard Dillard been a poor man and not blessed (so called) with business prosperity, he would have been one of North Carolina 's jewels, given to us by Virginia, and would have read his history in a nation's eyes. Had Lewis Thompson of Bertie been a poor man and not been blessed (so called) with business prosperity, he would have com- manded ' ' the applause of listening senates. ' ' And some others. Our friend came near consecrating himself to the public service, for which he always had an instinctive longing, once when a young man, not long in his adopted home, when the admiring throng of his countrymen lifted the young man in their enthusiastic arms and placed him in the Legislative Hall in the Senate of North Carolina, and later, when, late in life, the governor of North Carolina called him from his retirement to the public service, and the pale messenger ' ' with the inverted torch ' ' warned him of the time which too surely came. Doctor Dillard determined to devote himself to the profession which his grandfather had so suc- cessfully followed, and graduated in the collegiate course of the University of Virginia, subsequently taking his degree in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in the year 1839. He was the first honorary member of the North Carolina Medi- cal Society. After travel and recreation, he re- moved to North Carolina from Virginia and en- tered earnestly upon that profession in which he acquired honor, usefulness and wealth, until stricken down in the full tide of honor and dis- tinction by that mysterious and fell destroyer — ■ paralysis, which repeated its assaults for two years, with mind unimpaired and body a wreck, until death came to his relief and bore him to that undiscovered country where the weary are at rest and where it is our reasonable hope that lives of usefulness here will be followed by lives of hap- piness there. Doctor Dillard was always a politician, deeply interested in the affairs of his country, a democrat of positive convictions, a partisan, in its better sense, a Southern man in all its tender ties, a State Eights man from careful study of our Con- stitutional history, and when the civil conflict be- tween the states came on, he was by the sequence of his convictions a Southern secessionist. His acknowledged ability and fidelity to his section made him the choice of the party for representa- tive in Congress in the troubulous times that pre- ceded the bloody conflict, but ere he was elected the tocsin was sounded and the lurid glare of war had dissevered our connection with the Federal counsels. He was then elected by the people of the Secessionist Convention of North Carolina, and when war darkened the firmament he devoted all his energies of mind and body and contributed of his ample means to the support of the Southern cause. He turned over one of his valuable farms to the Chowan County authorities and gave the proceeds derived from it to be devoted to the care and equipment of our newly-organized soldiers, and was himself appointed by the governor of North Carolina aide-de-camp with the rank of colonel and was specially instructed to superintend the defense of the Albermarle and Currituck sounds. These instructions were given by autograph letter from Governor Clark. Later in the war he was acting brigade surgeon to Gen. Roger A. Pryor when sta- tioned near Pranklin, Virginia, and performed the duties of the office with signal ability and skill, being in active service in the memorable seven days ' fight around Richmond. When peace came Doctor Dillard returned to his old home on Chowan River to find it a desolation. It had long been an especial object of vengeance to the Federal troops and the war had swept it as with the besom of destruction. Fire and shot and shell had made it uninhabitable and Doctor Dil- lard took possession of another place near by and soon resumed his profession to repair his broken fortune. Success came and he was able to prosper again in business and accumulated the means of spending the close of his life in comfort and af- fluence, with "honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, ' ' and when the last summons came he passed away quietly and peacefully in the arms of his loving children and surrounded by weeping friends. In his later years Governor Scales, who was his lifelong friend, appointed Doctor Dillard director of the Western Insane Asylum of North Carolina, and afterward to the State Insane Asylum at Raleigh, for which place he was pecu- liarly fitted by his eminent medical attainments and by his fondness for questions of mental analysis. Soon after, his active work on earth was done. In full health, with full capacity for enjoyment, with a bright future and in the full career of usefulness, a mysterious and inscrutable Providence gave him warning and in an instant made of a Hyperion a physical wreck, but left his mental powers all intact, until that fatal Tues- day, two years after, which swept his conscious- ness, and in a few days called him away. Doctor Richard Dillard the younger, the bril- liant son of a brilliant father, was given excellent opportunities for the attainment of an educational training, attending Horner 's School, the University of North Carolina, the University of Virginia, and the Jefferson Medical College, from which last named he received the degree of Doctor of Medi- cine in 1879, and which college conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts in 1901. Imme- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 247 diately after his graduation he settled at Edenton, where he has since been in the enjoyment of an ever increasing practice, the mantle of his father 's greatness as a man of medicine and surgery hav- ing 'without a question fallen upon his shoulders. In 1880 Doctor Dillard became acting assistant surgeon to the U. S. P. H. service at Edenton, and this position he has retained without interrup- tion for a period of thirty-seven years. At various times he has been honored with other appoint- ments and with identification with some of the leading learned bodies of the state and country. He was appointed a member of the North Caro- lina Historical Commission by Governor Alcock, and at present is president of the Eoanoke Colony Memorial Association, a member of the Council for National Defense for Chowan County and vice president of the North Carolina Folk Lore Society. At one time he was vice president of the North Carolina Medical Society, and in 1907 was elected vice president of the State Literary and Historical Association, and also has the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Politically the doctor is a demo- crat, while his religious connection is with Saint Paul 'a Episcopal Church. Doctor Dillard is a bachelor and resides at beau- tiful ' ' Beverly Hall. ' ' His ancestral home was formerly " Wingfield, " on the Chowan River, and was built by the Brownriggs in 1760 and destroyed during the Civil war. He is a member of the North Carolina Sons of the American Revolution. In literary circles there are few men in North- eastern North Carolina who are better known or who have a wider circle of readers and admirers. He is the author of numerous historical mono- graphs, including The Edenton Tea Party, 1774, and of numerous short stories, nature essays and miscellany. He is likewise a public speaker of much more than local reputation, and is a naturalist by taste, ha%ing made a thorough study of the trees and plants of Eastern North Carolina and being considered an authority on the subject, as he is also in regard to the Indian lore of this section. It is the doctor's own opinion, however, that his best work has been done in the preserva- tion, etc., of local history. J. Plummek Wiggixs. Among the members of the Robeson County bar who in recent years have made rapid strides and have forged to the fore- front in the ranks of their profession is found J. Plummer Wiggins, now engaged in practice at Maxton. During the comparatively short period of his professional life he has gained a substan- tial reputation as a close student of the law and as a painstaking, able and strietly reliable law- yer. Mr. Wiggins was born at Whiteville, Columbus County, North Carolina, in 1878, his parents be- ing J. L. and Missouri (Prigden) Wiggins, both of whom are now deceased. His father was a native North Carolinian, born in Sampson County, and there reared and educated, and his youth was devoted to learning the vocation of general me- chanic. When the war between the states came on his services were cheerfully offered to the Confederacy, and throughout the period of the great struggle he worked in railroad shops, not a spectacular service, but one just as necessary and valuable as that rendered by the soldier on the field of battle. When the war closed he took up his residence at Columbus, and the remainder of his useful and industrious life was divided be- tween working as a mechanic and labors as an agriculturist. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and inherited many of the desirable traits of both races. His death, and that of his wife, occurred in Columbus County, in which both were highly respected. The early education of J. Plummer Wiggins was secured in the public sehools of Whiteville, and he early showed a predilection for the law, which he favored rather than either of his fa- ther 's vocations of mechanic or farmer. In or- der to gain the necessary education he was forced to overcome some obstacles and undergo some hardships, but he was persevering and ambitious, and, after a long course of home study and at- tendance at the University of North Carolina law- department, he finally mastered his vocation, and in 1908 was admitted to the bar. Mr. Wiggins at once chose Maxton as the scene for his pro- fessional labors, and since that time has been engaged in a general practice in civil and crim- inal law. He is one of the able young members of the bar of this section of the state and his talents have been rewarded by a large and rep- resentative clientele. His interest in matters of civic importance have given him the reputation, well deserved, of being one of the active and public-spirited citizens of the thriving little City of Maxton. Mr. Wiggins married Miss Lillian MacQueen, of Robeson County, North Carolina, daughter of the late James Stewart MacQueen, and they are the parents of one son, James MacQueen. Mr. Wiggins is secretary of the MacQueen Clan As- sociation, an organization composed of the de- scendants of Col. James MacQueen, who settled in Robeson County, coming from Scotland, prior to the war for the winning of American inde- pendence. They are a notable family and the men and women bearing the name have been and are among the best and most substantial citizens of the state, while other members have achieved prominence in other states. Julius C. Martin. Every year of the thirty since he was admitted to the bar has brought increasing power and reputation to the career of Julius C. Martin of ' Asheville, one of the ablest lawyers of the state and one to whom has been entrusted interests and responsibilities as are placed in the hands only of the wisest and most skillful attorneys and business men. While member of an old and prominent family of North Carolina, Julius C. Martin entered into his professional career only after a long and ardu- ous apprenticeship, involving the necessity of earning his own living from boyhood. This was due largely to the fact that when he himself was hardly conscious of the tremendous events going on around him, his father, a gallant officer and soldier, lost his life on one of the battlefields of the war between the states. This branch of the Martin family is descended from Peter Martin, who came from Germany to Virginia about 1700, settling on the Chickahominy River. His son Henry Martin married Mary Bryan, daughter of John Bryan, a Virginian of high character. Of the several children of Henry and Mary one was Benjamin Martin, who married Diana Harrison, daughter of Benjamin Harrison of Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and a first cousin of William Henry Harrison, president of the United States. In 1792 Benjamin and Diana Martin moved from Fluvanna County, Virginia, to Wilkes 248 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA County, North Carolina. Five years previously, on January 26, 1787, their son James Martin was born. Col. James Martin in 1806 acquired a farm at the mouth of Brier Creek on the south side of the Yadkjn River and eleven miles east of Wilkesboro. Here Colonel James lived for a great many years and was a man of more than ordinary distinction in his community. He died March 26, 1846. He was survived by his widow, Elvira Bryan Martin, and eleven children, namely: John Martin; Felix Bryan Martin; Diana Adelaide, who married James Hunt; Benjamin Oliver Haggard Ferry Martin; Mary Ann Martin, who married Jacob Cansler; Emeline Martin, who married Elkanah Shuford; Elvira Martin, who married Burgess Heathman; Leland Martin; Ruf us ' W. Martin; James Oscar Martin; and Augustus Harrison Martin. Augustus Harrison Martin, youngest son of Col. James Martin, was born at the old Martin homestead in 1832, and was liberally educated. He distinguished himself as a ready public speaker and early became prominent in polities. In 1856, at the age of twenty-four, he was elected to the House of Commons from Wilkes County and was reelected in 1858. He was a whig, a stanch Union man, and consistently opposed the policy of secession. He proposed and advocated to the very last submitting the question of seces- sion to a general and popular vote. And when the convention finally definitely settled the matter he accepted the decision with a heavy heart and with many misgivings as to its wisdom. Soon after secession was an accomplished fact he organized a company among his old neighbors and friends, and many of them, like himself, had formerly been strongly union in sentiment and were non-slave holders. It is an interesting testi- mony to their devotion to the cause which they could not embrace wholeheartedly that of the entire company only six remained to surrender at Appomattox, the others having been left dead on battlefields in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsyl- vania. As captain of his company Augustus H. Martin was in service from the battle of Gettys- burg until the retreat from Richmond to Appo- mattox. While in command of the 54th North Carolina Regiment as a senior captain he fell instantly killed in the battle of Sailors Creek on April 6, 1865, three days before the surrender of General Lee. His body was temporarily interred by Federal soldiers and a board put up at the head of the grave marked — ' ' Capt. A. H. Martin 54th N. C. Regiment — a brave man. ' ' His remains were afterwards removed and lie in the church- yard at Brier Creek Baptist Church in Wilkes County. He was a leader in the Baptist Church and his ancestors as far back as the record goes have been identified with the same denomination. Captain Martin married Susan Virginia Corpen- ing, a daughter of David Corpening, a wealthy planter of Burke County, North Carolina. At his death Captain Martin left three children : Dr. James Everett Martin of Bluefield, West Virginia; Laura A. Linney, of Wilkes County; and Julius C. Martin. Julius C. Martin grew up on the old farm in the Yadkin Valley. His widowed mother man- aged to keep her children about her, and while allowing them the advantages of the limited terms of the common schools in the neighborhood she also depended upon them for much assistance in cultivating the farm. Julius Martin lived at home until about eighteen and in the meantime had put forth strenuous and well rewarded efforts to secure a real education. One of the most influential of his early teachers was Mr. R. A. Spainhour, who for about two years taught a private school at Oak Forest in Wilkes County, about two miles from the Martin homestead. In this school Julius Martin was a student in 1869-70 and one of the youngest pupils. He and his old teacher have ever since been the warmest personal friends. It was as a result of the inspiration received from this teacher that from the age of fourteen to fifteen Mr. Martin, after following the plow all day across the wide and hot Yadkin River bottoms, would spend several hours at night over his Latin, algebra and other studies. In 1880, then nineteen years of age, he taught the public school at Rdaring River in Wilkes County. In May of the following year he left home and with all his property in a handbag walked across the Blue Ridge Mountains to Virginia as far as Grayson County. There he found a brother of his old teacher, J. F. Spainhour, who had charge of a school at Oak Hill. Mr. Martin worked on a farm in that vicinity for several months and attended a session of the school, serving as assist- ant teacher and paying his board by diligent work on Saturdays. This was the journeyman ex- perience of Mr. Martin 's life and the summer of 1882 found him in Johnson County, Tennessee. He taught a couple of winters in public schools in that state, and during 1884 was also a teacher in the Cove Creek Academy in Watauga County, Tennessee. All this teaching and the careful economy which went with it was inspired by one purpose, and that was to give himself the benefits of a higher collegiate education. In August, 1884, Mr. Martin was able to enter the University of North Carolina and spent a year in an elective course in preparation for the study of law. His determination to become a lawyer had received its first impulse when he was about ten years old, while listening to Justice Court trials conducted by his step-father. Though Mr. Martin had en- joyed little of the continuity of formal schooling he distinguished himself as a very solid student while in the university, and it was a matter of regret to his instructors and newly formed friends there that he had to leave school in the spring of 1885 for lack of funds. His father's farm had been temporarily taken from its true owners and to relieve the family distress and refill his own pocket book he spent another two years teaching in Cove Creek in Watauga County, Tennessee. From the summer of 1887 to 1888 he was a student in a law school conducted by Col. George N. Folk at his country home in Caldwell County. In Feb- ruary, 1888, Mr. Martin was licensed to practice by the Supreme Court of North Carolina. It is said that when Mr. Martin arrived at Asheville August 4, 1888, for the purpose of establishing himself in practice in that city, he had hardly enough funds to keep him in the com- forts of one of the average hotels of the city a single day, and possessed less than half a dozen acquaintances in Buncombe County. For two or three months he shared an office with William M. Cooke, Jr., and then entered the offices of H. A. Gudger and H. B. Carter. January 1, 1889, he was admitted to a partnership, becoming junior member of the firm Gudger, Carter & Martin. Mr. Martin had the benefit of association with these fine lawyers until Mr. Carter was elected judge of the Criminal Court in 1892 and Mr. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 249 Gudger retired in 1894 to enter the service of the United States Government. In 1898 Mr. Martin formed a partnership with Mr. C. A. Webb, which continued three years. After that he practiced alone for ten years or more, and in January, 191:3, became senior member of the firm Martin, Rollins & Wright. Individually and as a member of this firm Mr. Martin lias given his services as attorney and counsel to many of the largest corporations of the city and state, including the Asheville Light and l J ower Company, the Southern Express Company, as assistant division counsel in sixteen counties for the Southern Railway Company, attorney for the Champion Fiber Company, the Citizens Bank of Asheville, and many other cor- porations. Speaking of Mr. Martin as a lawyer, one of his tornier legal associates has characterized him as follows: "He is a thorough student and by careful study has mastered all the difficult branches of the law. He is perhaps as familiar with the decisions oi the Supreme Court of North Carolina and the United States as any practitioner in the state. He can readily refer to any of the important cases of these two courts. He is well versed in text book law and is not only a most successful practitioner, but is a splendid adviser. His opinion on questions of law is sought after by many clients as well as by his brother attorneys and in the writer 's opinion his judgment is scarcely ever wrong. ' ' As is true of many of the men who have gained the highest prizes in the law, Mr. Martin has had little to do with practical politics and that chiefly in recent years after his success and reputation as a lawyer were established beyond all question. More than twenty years ago, in 1894, he was nominated on the democratic ticket for the oliice of mayor of Asheville, and contested the honor with a well known local citizen who had been nominated previously on a citizens ticket sup- ported by both republicans and democrats. Mr. Martin in view of the circumstances took his defeat very gracefully. It was some sixteen years later that he again became a candidate for an important office, when in 1910 he was elected to the State Senate, succeeding the former repub- lican from that district. The two years he spent as a member of the State Senate were character- ized by much hard work in behalf of his con- stituents and the advocacy of measures which he believed vital to the welfare of the state and its people. His name is associated with the Martin Act, passed while he was in the Senate, an im- portant law revising and modifying the laws of debt. Senator Martin was for four or five years chairman of the County Board of Education, resigning that office in 1910, and has always been devoted to the uplift and improvement of public schools. For six years he was a member of the School Committee of the City of Asheville. Among other interests Mr. Martin is vice president of the Citizens Bank of Asheville and for ten years wa9 president of the Asheville Young Men 's Christian Association, an institution which has called forth his enthusiasm and cooperation ever since it was "established. He is a trustee of the First Baptist Church of Asheville and fraternally is a Mason. The Martin home is one of the most beautiful in Asheville, and that means in the state. On December 29, 1891, Mr. Martin married ivnss Helen Emilie Werres-Goertz. She was born at Crefeld, Germany, and was educated in vocal music at Strassburg, Germany, where she lived for several years. Mrs. Martin has always delighted her friends and the social circles in which she moves by her varied accomplishments and especially her talents in musi«. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have three sons: Augustus Harrison, Julius, second, and Frederick Norman. Julius is now a student in the University of Virginia and Norman is in the Asheville schools. The son Augustus Harri- son has already achieved some distinctions that make him a worthy grandson of his namesake who fell in one of the last battles of the war between the states. For his higher education he spent one year in the University of North Caro- lina and four years in the University of Virginia and in May, 1917, became a student in the officers training camp at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, and came out with the commission of first lieutenant, being assigned to the ordnance department of the regular army, in the gun division of the French Warfare branch at Washington. Cicero L. Badqett. For many years prom- inently associated with one of the more important industries to which a man may devote his time and talent, Cicero L. Badgett, a former builder and contractor, has accumulated, through industry, thrift, and wise investment, a handsome property, and is now living retired from active business cares at his pleasant home just at the edge of the old Village of Jackson Hill. He was born in Alleghany Township, Davidson County, North Caro- lina, in 1846, a son of William Harris Badgett. His paternal grandfather, James Badgett, was born in Granville County, North Carolina, of thrifty French stock. He was brought up on a farm, and when ready to settle in life moved to that part of Bowan County that is now included within the boundaries of Davidson County, and having purchased a tract of land in what is now Jackson Hill Township, cleared and improved a homestead, and was there a resident until his death, at the age of fifty-eight years. He was a preacher in the Primitive Baptist Church, and active in the ministry for many years. The maiden name of his wife was Jemima Kinney. She survived him many years, dying at an advanced age. They reared six sons and four daughters, as follows: Samuel, James, Wilson, William Harris, Jonathan, Daniel, Charity, Jemima, Jiney, and Priscilla. Born in Jackson Hill Township, in 1817, Wil- liam Harris Badgett grew to man 's estate on the parental homestead, and as a boy assisted in the pioneer task of clearing and improving it. Sub- sequently buying land in Alleghany Township, he carried on general farming with satisfactory re- sults for many years, being one of the foremost agriculturists of his neighborhood. He was acting magistrate for over forty years and county sur- veyor for many years. He was above the age for active service during the Civil war but served as home guard for some time before the close of the war. Late in life he bought a home at Jackson Hill, and there lived until his death, which occurred in the ninetieth year of his age. He married Eliza- beth Cameron, a Scotch lassie, who was born on a farm at Healing Springs Township, where her father, James Cameron, was a life-long resident. She attained the good old age of four score and four years. Two children were born into their household, James Madison and Cicero L. James M. Badgett was raised on the farm and at the age of nineteen entered the mercantile pro- fession at Jackson Hill, North Carolina, buying 250 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA an interest in the company of E. S. Adderton & Co. In this occupation he was very successful and accumulated a handsome little property. He died January 23, 1895. At the age of sixteen years, having improved to the utmost every offered opportunity for acquir- ing an education, Cicero L. Badgett entered the professional ranks as a school teacher. In the spring, 1864, he enlisted in Company C, First North Carolina Battalion, in which he was elected second lieutenant and acted as captain on many occasions when the commanding officer was absent. He made out most of the pay- rolls for Company C and late in 1864 two or three depleted battalions were merged into the Seventieth Regiment, North Carolina troops, with which he served during the remainder of the war. He was with his regiment in various marches, campaigns and battles, until the close of the con- flict, being with Johnson's army when it surren- dered. Returning home April 19, 1865, he served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, after which he worked for awhile as a journeyman car- penter. Becoming efficient at his trade, Mr. Badg- ett established himself as a carpenter and builder, and subsequently filled many important building contracts in both North Carolina and Tennessee, erecting not only large and substantial residences, but municipal and factory buildings, operating in many of the larger cities and villages of both states. Mr. Badgett continued in active business until 1905, and during the time accumulated con- siderable wealth; a part of his money having been invested in valuable farm lands in Jackson Hill Township. He was acting magistrate for a period of several years in Montgomery County and was county commissioner for Davidson County. Mr. Badgett has been twice married. He mar- ried first, in 1867, Martha J. Adderton, who was born in Jackson Hill Township, a daughter of Stephen and Temperance (Johnson) Adderton. His second wife, whose maiden name was Nellie Surratt, was born in Jackson Hill Township, a daughter of William M. Surratt. By his first mar- riage, Mr. Badgett had four children, namely: Stephen Harris, Eugenia I., William R., and Sam- uel B. Stephen H. Badgett, a commissioned of- ficer in the United States navy, with which he has been connected for fifteen years, married Karo Reed, and they have one child, Stephen Harris, Jr. Eugenia I. Badgett married J. T. Wood, and has five children, Grace, Thomas, Jessie, Sidney, and Jamie. William R. Badgett married Julia Surratt, and they are the parents of five children, Kenneth, Marvin, Eugenia, Elizabeth, and Wil- liam Cicero. Samuel B. Badgett married Mabel Lowe, and to them three children have been born, John Lowe, McDonald, and Annie L. Mr. and Mrs. Badgett are both faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Fraternally Mr. Badgett is a member of Farmers Lodge No. 404, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. Fordyce Cunningham Harding began the prac- tice of law at Greenville twenty-three years ago, and has won his worthy prominence and achieve- ment by his strongly marked native abilities and by the care and conscientious fidelity he has given to every interest entrusted to his charge. Mr. Harding has become a forceful factor in local busi- ness affairs, and is a man whose public spirit and effective work in civic causes make him one of the leaders of his home community. He was born in Pamlico County, North Carolina, February 12, 1869, a son of Henry and Susan Elizabeth (Sugg) Harding. His father was long identified with educational work, served four years as superintendent of schools of Pitt County, also was registrar of deeds of the county two years, and when not teaching or in public office was a farmer. The son was educated in public schools, took both his literary and law work at the Uni- versity of North Carolina, and has the degree Ph. B. and LL. B. He finished the work of the law department in 1894, and at once moved to Greenville and entered upon a general practice. His success as a lawyer and in business affairs have made him one of the prominent men of the com- munity. Mr. Harding is a director in the Green- ville Cotton Mills, a director of the National Bank of Greenville, and through the ownership of 2,000 acres of land is identified with the agri- cultural resources of his part of the state. He is a member of the North Carolina and American Bar associations, of the Carolina Club, the Southern Geographical Association, and is secretary to the executive committee and member of the board of trustees of the East Carolina Training School. He was a member of the board of aldermen of Green- ville two years, and was elected a member of the State Senate for the sessions of 1917 and 1919, and is president pro tern of the Senate at the present time. For fourteen years he wa3 chair- man of the board of trustees of the Greenville graded schools. Mr. Harding takes part in church affairs and teaches a Sunday sehool class in St. Paul's Episcopal Church. On November 15, 1899, he married Miss Annie Buxton Harding, of Pitt County. They have one daughter, Mary Louise. John Sumter MacRae. Introductory to the personal career of one of Robeson County's best known citizens, a merchant, banker and extensive planter at Maxton, it is appropriate to tell some- thing of his family and antecedents. The Mac- Raes are, of course, Scotch, and representatives of the best of the people of that race who have been so prominent in the settlement and the cit- izenship of North Carolina from colonial days to the present. While the MaeRaes were among the original settlers of Robeson County, this brief sketch may begin with John MacRae, who in the early part of the last century owned an exten- sive landed estate in Robeson County, extending for several miles south of Maxton. He was con- sidered one of the men of large affairs in his day, and his broad acres were tended by a large number of slaves. One of his sons was Col. Mur- doch MacRae, who became widely known in pub- lic life as a member of the State Senate and in other offices, and gained distinction in the war between the states. He was chairman of the board of county commissioners of Robeson County when it was redeemed from carpet bag misrule in 1870. A son of Colonel Murdoch was the late Col. Elijah F. MacRae, also a prominent figure, who served his county both in the House and in the State Senate, was three times elected county commissioner and five years was chairman of the board of county commissioners, was chairman of the county board of education, several years a member of the Democratic State Executive Com- mittee, and vice president of the North Carolina Agricultural Society. His country home, "Rae- inont, ' ' now occupied by his nephew, Murdoch MacRae, is in the extreme southern part of Robe- & e /^2- &£i~-t^z^-C2- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 251 son County, where the MacRae ancestors dwelt, and is said to be one of the finest country estates in this part of North Carolina. Another son of John MaeRae was J. W. Mac- Rae, father of John S. J. W. MacRae was born in the old MacRae community in Maxton. Upon the division of his father 's estate he took his patrimony in money instead of land. His ob- ject in doing so was to invest his means in a superior education. He entered Davidson College, was graduated, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and in early manhood went to Alabama, where, beginning his professional career at Hunts- ville, and shortly before the war removing to Demopolis, he built up a practice that gave him every promise of a substantial career and for- tune. Then the war came on. He volunteered in the Confederate service, and was away fighting the battles of the South four years. He returned home to find his practice gone and his property completely destroyed, including home, farm and crops, and even his law library and other personal possessions. His life as a soldier had broken him physically, and from many successive blows of adversity he was never able to recover and re- gain his health and spirit. Soon after the war he returned to the old MaeRae community in Rob- eson County, and died here. He married Emma J. Walpoole. John Sumter MaeRae was born at his father's home in Columbiana, Alabama, in 1861. After what has been said it is perhaps unnecessary to review in detail the circumstances that surrounded his early boyhood. It is to his supreme credit that he could live through the blighting conditions of after war times when this part of North Car- olina had no industries, no money in circulation, no commercial enterprises, no real agriculture, and when loeal society was demoralized and to an extent brutalized by low saloons and unlimited whiskey traffic — that with all these obstacles he retained the fighting spirit of his ancestors and could rise superior to his environment. He was nine years old when he came here from Ala- bama with his father, and he can hardly remem- ber a time when he was not doing some useful work. At first he was on a farm, later was clerk in the store of Col. E. F. MacRae at Maxton, and the educational advantages given him were only such as could be obtained from the limited school system of the day. But every year there was some progress, and finally he was able to opeu a modest stock of merchandise at Maxton, and this he has kept growing and has developed it to a large and profitable business. The profits of his business he judiciously invested in farms and farm lands, and has spent thousands of dollars clearing up and improving land in Robeson County which was formerly totally unproductive. He now has many hundreds of acres, lying to the south and in other directions from Maxton. His home- stead is a fine farm within and beyond the city limits of Maxton on the south. Probably his finest farm, and the one in which he takes a great deal of pride, is at Cambro in Harnett County. Thus today, long before he could be called an old man, Mr. MacRae enjoys the posi- tion of a prosperous merchant, banker, extensive planter and landlord. Mr. MacRae was leader in the movement for organizing the Bank of Robeson at Maxton, which he served as vice president, and in which he is now a director. He has been mayor of Maxton, and is a deacon in the Maxton Presbyterian Church. This church is an offshoot of the his- toric old Center Church at Floral College. Mr. MacRae has been constantly a leader in civic af- fairs and reform movements. He was one of the men that freed Robeson County from the whis- key evil. This was the nrst county in the state to go dry. Mr. MaeRae 's first wife, now deceased, was Maud Fleming, daughter of the late Capt. J. M. Fleming, of Raleigh. By that marriage he had one daughter, Miss Maud F. MacRae. His pres- ent wife, formerly Miss Julia Wiswall, is a mem- ber of a prominent family of Washington, North Carolina. They have one son, John Sumter Mac- Rae, Jr. E. Lloyd Tillet. Well qualified in every way to carry into the practice of an honorable pro- fession all the requirements necessary for success, E. Lloyd Tilley has proved his ability both in public office and as a practicing lawyer at Dur- ham during the few years since he came out of the State University with his law diploma. Mr. Tilley was born in Durham County, North Carolina, February 20, 1893, a son of Cassan and Iola (Peed) Tilley. His father has for many years been a merchant at Durham. Lloyd Tilley attended the grammar and high schools of Dur- ham County and then entered the University of North Carolina, where he pursued the law course until graduating in February, 1914. Instead of taking up active private practice, he accepted an unusual opportunity for experience at home, and from May, 1914, to August 26, 1916, served as deputy clerk of the Superior Court. At the latter date he was appointed clerk of the Superior Court and filled out the remaining portion of the time until December of that year. On January 1, 1917, he entered private practice with Robert H. Sykes, under the firm name of Sykes & Tilley. Mr. Tilley is a member of the Board of Alder men of Durham, and has fraternal affiliations with the Masonic Order, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Junior Order of United Ameri- can Mechanics, Woodmen of the World and the Knights of Pythias. January 14, 1914, at Huston, Virginia, he married Elizabeth Estelle Burton. They have one daughter, Pauline Elizabeth. Hon. Hiram Hamilton Hartley. A venerable and wealthy agriculturist of Davidson County, and a citizen of prominence, Hon. Hiram H. Hartley is justly regarded as a man of integrity and worth, and is held in high respect throughout the com- munity in which he resides, and in the advancement of which he takes an intelligent interest, being ever ready to lend a helping hand in promoting its prosperity. A son of John Hartley, he was born, September 14, 1839, in Tyro Township, on the farm he now owns and • occupies. He comes of pioneer stock, his paternal grandfather, Thomas Hartley, having been one of the early settlers of Davidson County. Reared to agricultural pursuits, John Hartley succeeded to the ownership of the parental home- stead, which he managed successfully with the aid of slaves, and there spent his entire life of sixty years. He married Elizabeth Swaim, whose father, Michael Swaim, was, it is thought, a native of Guilford County, this state, although the greater part of his life was spent on a farm in Davidson County. He married a Miss Sherwood, and of their union several children were born and Teared. Mr. and Mrs. John Hartley reared five children, 252 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA as follows: Thomas Washington, Malinda, Daniel, Hiram Hamilton, and Wesley. The mother died on the home farm, in Tyro Township, at the age of three score and ten years. Brought up on the home farm, Hiram H. Hart- ley made the best of his limited opportunities for obtaining an education, and while assisting his father acquired a thorough knowledge of the agri- cultural arts, and naturally adopted farming as his chief occupation, being thus busily employed when the Civil war occurred. In 1862 Mr. Hartley entered the Confederate service, enlisting in Company K, Fifteenth Regi- ment, North Carolina troops, and subsequently, with his command, participated in many important engagements. At the Battle of South Mountain, he was captured, and confined as a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware for a few months before being exchanged. In May, 1864, Mr. Hartley was again taken prisoner, and remained in confinement at Elmira, New York, until March, 1865, when he was paroled for thirty days in order that he might take convalescent prisoners South. Before the expiration of his parole, Lee surrendered and Mr. Hartley returned home, and resumed his agricul- tural labors. Succeeding to the ownership of the ancestral homestead, on which his birth occurred, he still owns and occupies it, having since, by im- provement, added materially to its value and at- tractiveness. Successful in his undertakings, Mr. Hartley has purchased other tracts of land at different times, and is now among the largest real estate owners in Davidson County, having title to valuable land in Davidson, Rowan and Davie counties. His remarkable success has been brought about by persistent energy, well-directed toil, and exceptional business ability on his part; and he is well deserving of the respect and confidence in which he is everywhere held. Mr. Hartley has been three times married. He married first, in 1860, Alice Wilson, who was born in Tyro Township, a daughter of Henderson and Sallie (Gobble) Wilson. She died in 1874. Mr. Hartley married second Ellen T. Davis, a daughter of Henry and Phoebe (Farrabee) Davis, of Tyro Township, and she died a few years later, in 1889. Mr. Hartley subsequently married for his third wife, in 1892, Lou H. Creath. She was born in Sussex County, Virginia. Her father, Rev. Thomas B. Creath, a native of Mecklenburg County, Vir- ginia, spent his entire life of ninety-one years in his native state, dying in Sussex County. A preacher in the Missionary Baptist Church, he held pastorates in many different places. He married Mary Atkinson, and they reared thirteen children, namely: William J., who died while in the Confederate service; Thomas, who also lost his life while serving in the Confederate army; Lewis L.; Lou H.; Andrew F.; Emma; Luther M.; Cora L.; Hannah A.; William T., a Baptist minister; Addie B.; Sallie; and Henrietta. Of Mr. Hartley's first marriage, seven children were born, namely: Jennie; Thomas W. ; Baxter; Ida M. ; Alice; William B., deceased; and James Karr, deceased. By his second marriage there were six children, Harold, Eugene, Jerome, Ernest O., Clarence, and Ellen F. Leonard. Mr. Hartley is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mrs. Hartley belongs to the Baptist Church. Mr. Hartley is interested in various industrial con- cerns, and is a director of the Bank of Lexington. He has been active and influential in public affairs, and in addition to representing his county in the State Legislature has served as county commis- sioner, and for forty years was magistrate. James LaFayette Little, president of the Na- tional Bank of Greenville, has been a banker in that city over twenty years, and through his finan- cial and other activities is widely known over the entire state. Mr. Little was born in Pitt County, North Caro- lina, October 9, 1863, a son of William Gray and Nicey (House) Little. His father was a prominent farmer of Pitt County, and for many years served as chairman of the county board of commissioners. James L. Little was educated in the country schools in the Greenville Academy and the University of North Carolina. His first business experience was as clerk in a general store, and in 1883, at the age of twenty, he engaged in general merchandising at Greenville for himself. In 1889 he sold his store, following which he was employed as a bookkeeper in a local business establishment for a year, and then again for two years sold goods on his own responsibility. Leaving the merchandise business, Mr. Little en- tered the private bank known as the Bank of Greenville, owned by the firm of Tyson & Rawls, as assistant cashier. In 1896 he became cashier of the newly organized Bank of Greenville, and on May 1, 1913, this was merged with the National Bank of Greenville and Mr. Little was made presi- dent of the consolidated institution. For a num- ber of years he has had a prominent work in the North Carolina Bankers Association, was on its executive committee two years, and is president of group one of that association. Mr. Little is secretary and treasurer of the Pitt County branch of the Mutual Fire Insurance Asso- ciation of North Carolina, and in 1895-96 he served as treasurer of Pitt County, by appointment. When he took the office the county treasury had only $284.91 in net assets, and he was active in rehabilitating the financial resources of the county. Mr. Little has been a member since its organiza- tion and is now vice president of the board of trustees of the Greenville graded schools. He is one of the prominent working members of the Jarvis Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, was for many years chairman of the board of stewards and is also a trustee of the church. He is treasurer for Greenville of the firemen's relief fund of the North Carolina Firemen 's Association. November 22, 1899, Mr. Little married Miss Mary Thomas, of Nashville, Tennessee. They have two sons: James Thomas, born May 7, 1901, and Robert Gray, born May 23, 1904. Mrs. Little is a daughter of James Washington and Mary Emma (DeJarnette) Thomas. Her father was a promi- nent Tennesseean, was born at Nashville in 1838, and died in 1889. At the outbreak of the war be- tween the states he enlisted as a private in Com- pany C of the Twentieth Tennessee Infantry, and upon the reorganization of the regiment was made adjutant. At the battle of Hoover's Gap he rushed ahead of the men of his company to the colors, and was shot down. Lying helpless on the field, he called out to his comrades ' ' Go on, boys, don 't mind me. ' ' For a long time his life was despaired of, but he finally recovered and after the war became prominent in Tennessee and served as state treasurer during Governor Bates' administration, and died while in office. Col. Jerome C. Horner. Prominent among the educational institutions of the South, and HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 253 more particularly of North Carolina, is the Hor- ner Military School, located at Charlotte. This institution, which is now more than sixty-seven years old, has become known as one of the fore- most of the schools of its class, and its graduates are yearly sent forth to take positions of honor and importance in business, in the professions and in public life, fully equipped mentally and physically for competition with their fellows. The principal of this excellent military school, Col. Jerome C. Horner, has been engaged in educa- tional work and connected with this institution all his life, and is justly accounted one of the leading military teachers of the state. He was born at Oxford, Granville County, North Caro- lina, in 1853, and is a son of James H. and So- phronia (Moore) Horner. James H. Horner, M. A., LL. D., the founder of Horner Military School, was born in Orange County, North Carolina, to which locality his fa- ther, William Horner, a native of Pennsylvania, had come in the early part of the nineteenth century. James H. Horner became one of the state 's most distinguished citizens and a life- long educator of wide renown, and died at Ox- ford, North Carolina, in 1892, at which time a very fine appreciation of him was written by Dr. George T. Winston, who was then president of the University of North Carolina. By those who knew him best Doctor Horner was described as an extraordinary man, a physical, intellectual and moral giant, possessing all the sterling qualities of real manhood and being a teacher of nnnmal ability and success. He graduated with the high- est honors from the University of North Caro- lina in 1844, and after teaching for a few years in Florida and Eastern North Carolina established the Horner School at Oxford in 1851, and very soon made the institution a potent factor in the educational life of the Old North State. Through the perils of war and the uncertainties of the period of reconstruction, the school continued its career of usefulness in making men who became governors, judges, preachers, cantains of industry and loyal citizens. Doctor Horner married So- T'hronia Moore, granddaughter of Gen. Stephen Moore, a distinguished officer of the American Revolution, who served throughout that conflict with erreat distinction. He was descended from Sir John Moore, members of the family coming from England in colonial days and settling in •New York. Gen. Stephen Moore was born in 1734 and died in 1799. Before the Revolution he had fought in the colonial wars, and during the progress of that struggle removed from New York to Mount Tirza. North Carolina, continuing his services as a Continental officer after removing to this state. His home in New York State was known as "Moore's FolIy-on-the-Hudson." and this, after the war closed, he sold to the United States Government and it became the site of West Point Military Academy. Jerome C. Horner, present principal of Horner Military School, is a graduate of Davidson Col- lege, where he received the degrees of B. A. and M. A., and after two years ' experience as prin- cipal of Albemarle Academy at Edenton. North Carolina became associate principal with his fa- ther in 1877. Bishop J. M. Horner also devoted a considerable part of his early manhood to the «chnnl. After Graduating from the University of Virginia and the General Theological Seminary, New York, he became associated with his brother, Col. J. C. Horner, and remained steadfast in the development of boys into Christian manhood until he was made bishop in 1898. Since then Col. J. C. Horner has been in direct charge of the school. The military feature was introduced in 1880, and year by year the school has sent forth its students, strong and soldierly in body, with disciplined minds and high ideals of life. In October, 1913, the barracks were totally destroyed by fire, but temporary quarters were secured and the school continued for the scholastic year. It was then decided to build at Charlotte, a city which as a religious, social and educational center has no su- perior in the state, a community noted for its character for cleanliness, purity, sanitation and religion, yet one where the best in public enter- tainment could be found. In addition to its many admirable features as a center of religion, edu- cation and morality, Charlotte has excellent rail- road facilities, is the second lowest city in the United States in regard to death rate, and has a wonderfully pleasing climate. The Horner Military School is located three miles from Charlotte, in the beautiful residential section known as Myers Park, no school having a better site. The campus, the ball fields, the woods, Briar Creek and the adjacent open coun- try all combine to make the location an ideal spot for a boys ' school. The barracks, located on the highest point of Myers Park, is a modern, fireproof, three-story structure, 132 by 64 feet, of reinforced concrete, and outside walls finished in red tapestry bricks, with an open central court and galleries running around on the inside of the second and third stories. It contains recita- tion rooms, society halls, bedrooms, teachers' apartments and principal's office, and every room has two outside exposures, all doors opening on the side towards the central court. An officer in the central court has a full view of all doors, and maintains order during study hours. The administration building is a large separate struc- ture, 142 by 64 feet, and contains the auditorium, dining-hall, quarters for matron and housekeeper, and, in the left wing, next to the principal 's residence, quarters for the lower school. The appointments in the students ' rooms are perfect, and throughout the school 's buildings the heating, lighting, plumbing and water supply are excel- lent. Colonel Horner has received letters of commen- dation from prominent men all over this and into other states, who have watched the progress of the school and who know the advantages to be gained by its students. If it were necessary the testimony of these men would go a long way toward conclusively showing that there is no need for North Carolina boys to go outside of their state for an education. The equipment, the fac- ulty, the methods, the experience, the reputation and the products of the Horner Military School are enual to any. Among the alumni of the school are the "overnor of North Carolina, two judges of the Supreme Court, the commissioner of in- ternal revenue of the United States, the presi- dents of four colleges, the presidents of three large railroads. rTeachers, iudges. bank officials, and presidents of great business concerns too nu- merous to mention. From one small class the school produced one of the greatest lawyers in the City of New York, a presiding elder, a judge and two bishops. Such results are not acciden- tal. The school has ample grounds, comfortable buildings and complete material eouipment, away from external temptations and distractions, with 254 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA a corps of experienced teachers, loyal, conscien- tious, well trained and energetic. In the past it has accomplished a great and good work, and under the direction of Colonel Horner will con- tinue to do so in the future. Kingsland Van Winkle is a lawyer of prom- inence at Asheville, junior member of the firm Harkins & Van Winkle, and is one of a rather numerous group of Northern men who have gained distinctive positions in this noted city of North Carolina. Mr. Van Winkle was born in Hudson County, New Jersey, December 5, 1879, and is of old Holland Dutch pedigree. He is a son of Matthew A. and Helen H. (Crane) Van Winkle. His father was in the brokerage business. Kingsland Van Winkle was educated in the public schools of Yonkers, New York, the Central High School of Buffalo, and in 1896, at the age of seventeen, came to North Carolina in the employ of the Biltmore Estate as timekeeper and payroll clerk. While here he entered the law department of the Univer- sity of North Carolina, and was graduated LL. B. in 1901 and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one. He practiced for a time with Samuel H. Beed under the name Beed & Van Winkle. In 1904 he was admitted to the bar of New York State. In May, 1909, Mr. Van Winkle formed a partnership with Thomas J. Harkins under the name Harkins & Van Winkle, and they have since received a large share of the important clientage of Asheville. Mr. Van Winkle is vice president of the Ashe- ville Club. He was for two years, 1909-11, a member of the Board of Aldermen of the city and in politics is a democrat. He is a Beta Theta Pi college fraternity man, is a vestryman and trustee of the Episcopal Church and a member of American Bar Association. He is serving as chairman of the board of directors of the Chil- dren's Home. Mr. Van Winkle is a man of studious pursuits, owns a splendid private library, and has a big future in the law and in the public spirited citizenship of the state. Bt. Rev. Joseph Blount Cheshire has been bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of North Carolina for nearly twenty-five years. His active career covers almost half a cen- tury and has been employed usefully in the fields of education, the law and the ministry. Born March 27, 1850, at Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina, he attended the Tarboro Academy until he was fifteen, then entered Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut, where he grad- uated B. A. in 1869 and M. A. in 1872. He re- ceived the honorary degree D. D. from the Uni- versity of North Carolina in 1890, and a similar degree from the University of the South at Sewanee in 1894, and from his Alma Mater in 1916. Having graduated at the age of nineteen, he was a classical teacher from 1869 to 1871 in St. Clem- ent's Hall, Ellicott City, Maryland. His ambi- tion at that time was for the law, and having carried on his preparatory studies under the late William K. Ruffin and the Hon. George Howard, he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of North Carolina January 1, 1872. For the first year after his admission he practiced in Balti- more, and then at Tarboro, North Carolina, until 1878. A number of his family, including his honored father, had distinguished themselves in the min- istry and Bishop Cheshire on April 21, 1878, was ordained a deacon, and on May 30, 1880, a priest. He served in the Chapel of the Cross, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, during 1878-81, and was rector of St. Peter 's Church, Charlotte, North Carolina, from 1881 to 1893. October 15, 1893, he was con- secrated bishop-coadjutor to Bishop Lyman, of the Diocese of North Carolina. By the death of Bishop Lyman, December 13, 1893, he became bishop of the diocese, and has since administered its duties from the City of Raleigh. Without attempting to describe his work as bishop, which would to a large degree be a history of the church in North Carolina during the past twenty years, it should be said that Bishop Ches- hire was particularly vigorous in pushing the mis- sionary work in the mountains of the state while it remained part of his diocese. He revived the old Valle Crucis Mission in Watauga County, and in 1895 secured the erection of the western counties of the state into the "Missionary District of Asheville. ' ' As bishop he also brought about the establishment of St. Mary's School, Raleigh, as a permanent church institution under the ownership and control of the Carolina Dioceses. In line with, and incidental to, this progressive work he has accepted every opportunity to extend religious influence among the negroes of the diocese and in developing and extending St. Augustine's Sehool at Raleigh. Though his career has been marked by a large amount of practical and executive administration, Bishop Cheshire is by nature a student and is a recognized authority on many phases of state and local history. He has written many addresses and papers on local and church history, and in 1912 brought out a "History of the Protestant Episco- pal Church in the Confederate States, ' ' published by Longmans, Green & Company. He has served as a trustee of the University of the South at Sewanee since 1885. He is a member of the Phi Kappa Chapter of the Alpha Delta Phi college fraternity, and is a prominent member of the Society of the Cincinnati, being chaplain of the North Carolina Society and one of the chaplains general of the national organization. Bishop Cheshire is a son of Rev. Joseph Blount Cheshire. D. D., who for over fifty years was rector of Calvary Church at Tarboro, and Eliza- beth Toole (Parker") Cheshire. Various branches of the family represent some of the distinguished names of North Carolina. His father was a son ' of John and Elizabeth Ann (Blount) Cheshire, of Edenton, the latter being a daughter of Joseph and Anne (Gray) Blount. The Blounts were a large and notable family in Chowan County, while the Grays were prominent in Bertie County. Bishop Cheshire's mother. Elizabeth Toole Parker, was a daughter of Theophilus and Mary (Toole) Parker, Mnry Toole being a daughter of Henry I. and Elizabeth (Haywood) Toole. Henry I. Toole, of a notable Edgecombe County family, was a cap- ta'n in the F ; rst Regiment of the North Carolina Continental Line and ai nephew of Lieut.-Col. Henrv Irwin of the Fifth Regiment of the North Carolina. Continental Line, who was killed in the Battle of Germantown in 1777. Elizabeth Hay- wood, a daughter of Col. William Haywood of Edgecombe County, was granddaughter of John Haywood, one of the treasurers of the Province of North Carolina before the Revolution, and an- cestor of a large family which has had many dis- tinaruished members in this and other states. On December 17, 1874, Bishop Cheshire was HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 255 married at Hillsboro, North Carolina, to Annie Huske Webb, daughter of James Webb, of Hills- boro. She died January 12, 1897, about three years after her husband had been elevated to the bishopric. On July 19, 1899, at Beltsville, Dis- trict of Columbia, Bishop Cheshire married Eliza- beth Lansdale Mitchell, daughter of Rev. Walter A. Mitchell, of Washington, District of Columbia. Bishop Cheshire's children, all by his first mar- riage, are as follows: Elizabeth Toole, born July 2, 1879, married Rev. Albert S. Cooper, a mission- ary in China; Sarah Frances, born April 23, 1881, is unmarried; Joseph Blount, born December 20, 1882, is an attorney at Raleigh and married Ida J. Rogerson; Annie Webb, born April 23, 1884, is the wife of Dr. Augustin W. Tucker, who is in charge of St. Luke 's Hospital at Shanghai, China; James Webb, born September 9, 1890, is unmarried and is treasurer and secretary of the Orange Trust Company at Hillsboro, North Caro- lina; Godfrey, born September 21, 1893, is now assistant superintendent of the North Carolina Fire Insurance Rating Bureau, and married Alice C. Shiell. James is second lieutenant in the Twenty-eighth Regiment Infantry, now in France, and Godfrey is first lieutenant, Coast Artillery, now at Fort Caswell. John Exum Woodard, of Wilson, is one of the eminent lawyers in North Carolina. Among his contemporaries, and he has been in active practice for forty years, his name commands the fullness of esteem paid the highly accomplished and ver- satile lawyer, man of affairs and cultured gentle- man. While Mr. Woodard has proved his ability in many civil cases of importance, his reputation doubtless rests most securely upon his fame as a criminal lawyer. During his career he has handled nearly 150 capital cases and some of them have attracted state wide attention. Among the causes celebres with which practically every lawyer of North Carolina is familiar was the case of State v. John Jefferson. As the sole counsel for the de- fense. Mr. Woodard contested this case through the Criminal, Superior and Supreme courts of North Carolina, and after the Supreme Court granted a new trial, it was again tried by a jury of the Superior Court, and a verdict of not guilty was rendered in favor of his client. He was also lead- ing counsel for the defense, in the case of Dr. Lemuel T. Johnson, indicted in the Hastings Court, at Richmond. Va., for poisoning his wife. After a hotly contested trial, which attracted much atten- tion and lasted for two weeks, the jury rendered a verdict of "not guilty." John Emm Woodard was born in WilsO" Countv May 8, 1855. and is a son of Calvin and Winifred (Exum) Woodard. Mr. Woodard received some of his earlier education in the Wilson Collegiate Institute and Graduated from the Fniversitv of Virginia in 1875. He studied law with Chief Justice R. M. Pearson, at Richmond H'll. and was admitted to the bar, at Wilson, in 1877. Tn the same year of his admission to the bar. Mr. Wood- ard was elected solicitor of the Cnferior Court when that court was organized, and he filled the position until the office was abolished. He has since been both county attorney and district solicitor; was elected mayor of Wilson in 1882; served as a member of the Legislature in 1885; in 1888 repre- sented the Second Congressional District as presi- dential elector, served as solicitor of the Third Judicial District from 1891 to 1895, and was elected a member of the State Senate in 1901 and 1903. During the 1901 session, he was chairman of the committee on penal institutions, and a member of the judiciary, federal relations and judicial reform committees. In 1903 he was chairman of the judiciary committee. Mr. Wood- ard was democratic delegate at large to the St. Louis National Convention in 1904. He owns what is generally regarded as the best selected law and private library in this part of North Carolina, and he is a man of learning and information on many subjects outside of his own profession. He is one of the active members of the North Carolina Bar Association and the American Bar Association. Mr. Woodard 's college fraternity was the Zeta Psi, and he has attended the meet- ings of that fraternity and has been officially iden- tified with the organization both in the state and in the nation. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and served as Grand Mas- ter of the State and as Representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the World. For eight years he served as a trustee of the University of North Carolina. On July 31, 1878, soon after beginning his law practice at Wilson, he married Mary Lee Ruffin, daughter of Etheldred and Elizabeth (Kennedy) Ruffin. After nearly forty years of married com- panionship, Mr. Woodard lost his wife December 15, 1916. Five children were born to them : Thomas Ruffin is in the real estate business at Sacramento. California ; John Exum. Jr., is in the insurance and farm loan business in Wilson County, North Carolina; Delzell is the wife of Mr. B. T. Cowper, an insurance man of Raleigh; Mary Lee is the wife of C. B. Hassell, of Williamston, North Carolina; Etheldred H. was educated in the Uni- versity of North Carolina, in the literary and law departments, and also in Wake Forest College ; was admitted to the bar in September, 1916, and practiced with his father at Wilson. He is now in France, a member of the One Hundred and Sixth Regiment of Scottish Highlanders. Mr. Woodard was married a second time, November 14, 1917, to Miss Frances L. Jordan, of Danville, Virginia. William Nehemiah Harriss. A public honor that came as a culmination of a long and useful business and civic career was the election in 1912 of William N. Harriss as clerk of the Superior Court and Recorder's Court at Wilmington. Mr. Harriss has since occupied that dignity and per- formed all the services with careful and conscien- tious ability, and is one of the most popular men in public affairs of New Hanover Countv. His birth occurred in Wilmington February 4. 1865, and he is a son of George and Julia O. (Sanders) Harriss. After an education in pri- vate schools and the Cape Fear Academy he en- gaged with his father in the shipping business and continued to be active in business affairs un- til quite recently. An honor that came to him many years ago was his election as mayor of Wilmington in 1894. There has been no more influential worker in be- half of the military organization of the state than Captain Harriss. In 1883 he joined the Wil- mington Light Infantry and a few years ago he received the state fold medal for twenty-five years of continuous service. During that time he filled his place in the ranks and also as captain of this company, and is now in the Reserve Corps with the rank of maior. For five years he was adju- tant of the Third Regiment. 256 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Mr. Harriss is vice president of the Progressive Building and Loan Association, has long been active as a democrat, is vestryman in St. James Episcopal Church, and a member of the Cape Fear Country Club and the Carolina Yacht Club. January 24, 1887, he married Prances Latham, of Washington, District of Co- lumbia. They have two sons, Marion Sanders, born January 25, 1889, is now assistant civil en- gineer with the Atlantic Coast Line Eailway Com- pany. George Latham, the second son, is senior lieutenant in the United States Navy. Robert Malachai Wells has been a practicing lawyer at Asheville for over twenty years, and from the standpoint of his profession and in the general ranks of citizenship has lived a successful and fruitful life. Mr. Wells was born on a farm in Buncombe County, North Carolina, October 10, 1870, son of Robert Chrisley and Angie Barbara (Reeves) Wells. He was educated in district schools, spent three years at the Parrottsville School and also in the Judson School at Hendersonville. In Sep- tember, 1894, he graduated from the law depart- ment of the University of North Carolina, and from that time to the present has been engaged in a general practice of law at Asheville. Prom 1905 to 1918 he was head of the prominent firm Wells & Swain. A reorganization of partnership was affected on January 15, 1918, and the firm is now Jones, Wells & Swain. Mr. Wells is an active member of the Asheville and the State Bar associations, is a director of the Bank of West Asheville, is a director of the Asheville Milling Corporation. He is a Mason, Knight of Pythias, member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and an Independent Odd Fellow. December 22, 1899, Mr. Wells married Annie L. Wilson of Buncombe County. The five children are Annie Kate, Eveline, Christa Gillis, Virginia and Robert Malachai, Jr. Henry Hammond Carr, of Raleigh, whose life work has been in connection with engineering and with the management of large public utilities, is now at the head of several large transportation and power corporations in the State of North Carolina. He was born near Annapolis, Maryland, Novem- ber 7, 1865, a son of Henry and Eliza (Brown) Carr. His father was a substantial Maryland farmer. Educated in a private academy in Mary- land, he took up civil engineering, and for a num- ber of years was engaged in many branches of the work, surveying, railroad construction and on other commissions. In September. 1891, he became divi- sion superintendent of the Baltimore Street Rail- way, and directed the city transportation system until 1898. From that date until June, 1906, he was general manager of the Newport News and Old Point Comfort Railway and Power Company at Newport News, Virginia. Since September, 1906, Mr. Carr has had his home and business headquarters at Raleigh, and at that date became general manager of the Raleigh Street Railway. Upon the organization of the Carolina Power and Light Company he was made vice president and general manager, and is also vice president and general manager of the Yadkin River Power Company, is vice president of the Asheville Power & Light Company, of Asheville, and is a member of the National Electric Light Association and of the National Gas Association. He takes an active part in Raleigh 's social and business life, and is a member of the board of governors in both the Capital and Country clubs. He was chairman of the building committee when the Good Shepherd Church was erected. Frater- nally he is affiliated with the Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of Elks. . Near Annapolis, Maryland, on January 11, 1894, Mr. Carr married Miss Mary Alice Lyles. They have one son, William Lyles, now a student in the University of Virginia. Edwin Gibbons Moore, M. D., who located at Elm City, then known as the Village of Toisnot, in 1883, has been distinguished alike in his pro- fessional attainments and service and in the quality of his public spirit and his work for his home community. He has in fact been called ' ' the bal- ance wheel in the life of his town for many years. ' ' Doctor Moore was born at Williamston, North Carolina, November 13, 1861, son of John Edwin and Martha (Jolly) Moore. From boyhood he manifested that strong intellectual curiosity which makes books, schools and environment a constant opportunity for improvement and progress. He was educated in the Arrington High School at Rocky Mount, the Conyers High School at Elm City, and Trinity College, where he was graduated in June, 1880. For one term following his gradua- tion he taught at Ridgeway, North Carolina, and then entered the College of Physicians and Sur- geons at Baltimore in 1881. The next year he transferred his studies to the University of Mary- land, and was graduated M. D. in 1883, in his twenty-first year. In the same year he passed the State Board at Tarboro, North Carolina. Recently Doctor Moore 's activities were reviewed in an issue of the Charlotte Medical Journal, in which Drs. D. W. and Ernest S. Bullock referred to his initial experience at Elm City and his sub- sequent career in the following words: "Elm City needed him and he still resides within her gates. His serious, practical face, his stately form, his firm martial tread, his cool and equable temper, his impartial justice and withal his courteous bearing and kindly spirit spon planted him in the hearts of his people and built up a stronghold thereabouts. They learned to associate his appearance with sure victory and constant care for their comfort and safety. He has run full abreast of the times by doing post-graduate work — ■ at Post Graduate of New York and New York Polyclinic." Doctor Moore is a moving spirit of the medical organization. He is one of the charter members of the Wilson County Medical Society, organized in 1895. He is a member of the Tri-State Medical Association, the Seaboard Medical Association, and the Fourth District Medical Society, which he has served as president. He has also been a member of the State Medical Society since 1890. He has been a member of the A. C. L. Surgeons for several years. Recently he was elected a member of the Board of Medical Examiners of his state. "Doctor Moore has practiced concentration on little things until he mastered them and then moved on to larger things. The medical associa- tions have recognized his talents and in 1894 he delivered the annual oration before the State Medical Society. And we must not dwarf our praise of the beautiful tribute he paid to Gen. Robert. E. Lee at Wilson, North Carolina, January 19, 1916, under the auspices of John W. Dunham HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 257 Chapter, Daughters of the Confederacy, on the occasion of the annual Lee- Jackson birt Hilar cele- bration. ' ' It remains to speak with some particularity con- cerning his various activities in his home com- munity. He has been vice president since its organization of the Toisnot Grocery Company and is a half owner of the Elm City Pharmacy, one of the finest drug stores in the state. Whatever concerns the weltare of Elm City is a matter of deep concern to Doctor Moore. He was the first to take definite steps to give that town its water- works system. The first water was supplied the town by a windmill, but from that as a nucleus has been developed the splendid system of water- works. He also advocated and worked until he saw achieved a good sewer system. The establish- ment of the electric light plant was also aided by his influence and means. He has proved himself a warm friend of education and has done much to build up the good system of graded schools in Elm City. Doctor Moore has served as alderman and county health officer, and was formerly director of the State Hospital at Goldsboro and later at Ealeigh. On December 17, 1884, Doctor Moore married Miss Annie M. Thompson, of Goldsboro. This has been a most congenial union of interests and tastes, and Doctor Moore liberally credits his wife with an important share in his success. They are the parents of two children. John Craven, born April 5, 1887, was educated in Trinity Park High School and the University of North Carolina, where he graduated in the Pharmacy School in 1914. He is now active manager for his father of the fine 500 acre farm in Toisnot Township of Wilson County. The daughter, Lucile Robey Moore, who is a graduate of Peace Institute at Raleigh, is now assistant teacher of science in that institute. Doctor Moore is an active member of the Wilson Country Club. William Aloxzo Lltas, a prominent member of the Wilson County bar, was admitted to prac- tice in August, 1903, and has continuously been in the profession in the City of Wilson. He han- dles a general practice, and with increasing ex- perience his reputation and his connections have become well known throughout that district. Mr. Lucas is a member of the Xorth Carolina Bar Association, belongs to the Wilson Country Club, the Commonwealth Club, is a Knights Templar Mason and Shriner, and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Jun- ior Order of United American Mechanics. He was born in Wilson County February 11, 1881, a son of Lafayette Francis and Leola (Barnes) Lucas. His father for many years has been a successful farmer and for some time served on the board of county commissioners. Mr. Lu- cas was educated first in the public schools, later attended Trinity College at Durham, and then took both the academic and the law courses of the University of Xorth Carolina. He was married October 15, 1913, to Mamie Doss Jennings, of Xashville. Tennessee. Robert Fishburxe Campbell. D. D. Few men in the ministry of today have so fully realized the opportunities of their great profession and have worked with more enthusiasm and with greater simplicity of soul and character than Rev. Dr. Robert Fishburne Campbell, for more than a quarter of a century pastor of the First Pres- Tol. Y— IT byterian Church of Asheville. In the strength of its institutional and benevolent works, the spirit- uality of its members, and in the influence of its organization over the state at large, this is one of the most prominent churches of the state. Rev. Dr. Campbell is member of a family that has stood high in public life and professional affairs in the South for generations. He repre- sents the eleventh generation of the Campbell family, which is of that stock and ancestry known as ' ' the everlasting Scotch-Irish. ' ' The most re- mote ancestor that can be definitely named was Dougal Campbell of Inveraray, Scotland. His son Duncan Campbell, an officer in the British Army in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, moved to Ulster, Ireland, during the reign of James I. The three following generations were headed respectively by Patrick Campbell, Hugh Campbell, and Andrew Campbell. Duncan Campbell, son of . Andrew, married Mary McCoy, and their son Dougal Camp- bell, representing the seventh generation, immi- grated to America and settled in Berkeley County, Virginia, and came to Rockbridge County of that state in 1780. The eighth generation was represented by Alex- ander Campbell, who lived from 1750 to 1808. He served as a trustee of Washington College, Vir- ginia, under the original charter from 1782 to 1807. He was also county surveyor, "a position at that time of great importance. ' ' His sou Robert S. Campbell, who was born in 1790 and died in 1861, married Isabella Paxton. John Lyle Campbell, son of Robert S. and Isabella Campbell, enjoyed a place of high dis- tinction among the educators of the South. He was born in 1818 and died in 1886. His birth occurred in Rockbridge County, Virginia, and he died at Lexington in that state. He received his Master of Arts degree from Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, in 1843, and on leaving college became assistant in an Academy at Staunton, Virginia, and afterwards had charge of a similar institution at Richmond, Kentucky. In 1851 he was called to the Chair of Chemistry and Geology in Washington College, now Washing- ton and Lee University, and that office he con- tinued to occupy until his death thirty-five years later. He was a recognized authority on the geology of Virginia and wrote reports that fur- nished a great mass of valuable data and was also a frequent contributor to scientific journals. Among his more important works were: "A Manuel of Scientific and Practical Agriculture, ' ' published at Philadelphia in 1859; "Geology and Mineral Resources of the James River Vallev, ' ' published in 1882. In 1881 Hampden Sidney Col- lege of Virginia conferred upon him the degree LL. D. John Lyle Campbell married Harriet Peters Bailey. She was born at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, April 18, 1824, and was of lineage not less dis- tinguished than was the family of her husband. She was of English stock, the Baileys dating from the time of the Plymouth Rock Colony. One of her distinguished soldier ancestors was Col. John Bailev, who was born at Hanover, Massachusetts, October 30, 1730, and died there October 27, 1810. "He was lieutenant-colonel of the Plymouth Regi- ment at the beginning of the Revolutionary war and succeeded Colonel John Thomas in its com- mand. When the Continental Army was organized he became colonel of the Second Massachusetts, in which command he remained during the war, earning distinction especially in the campaign 258 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA against Burgoyne, " [Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography.] Colonel Bailey's son Leb- beus married Sarah Sylvester, and one of their sons was Bufus William Bailey, whose daughter Harriet became the wife of John Lyle Campbell on July 8, 1846. Bev. Bufus William Bailey was one of the great men of his day in religious and educational affairs iji the South. He was born at North Yarmouth, Maine, April 13, 1793, was graduated from Dart- mouth College in 1816, taught in academies in New Hampshire and Maine, and took up and pros- ecuted the study of law under the renowned Daniel Webster. However, at the end of a year he decided to go into the ministry and entered And- over Theological Seminary. He completed his studies there, was licensed to preach and during his first pastorate at Norwich Blain was also teacher in a local military school. In 1823 he was installed pastor of the First Congregational church at Pittsfield, where he founded the Pittsfield Female Seminary. At the end of four years he went South for the sake of his health and subse- quently continued his work as an educator for more than twenty years in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. In the latter state he traveled at one time extensively as agent of the American Colonization Society. In the meantime, in 1829, he established the Richland Normal School in South Carolina, and in 1842 founded the Augusta Female Seminary, now the Mary Bald- win Seminary at Staunton, Virginia. In 1854 he was elected Professor of Languages at Austin College, then situated at Huntsville, Texas, and in 1858 he became its president. He filled that office until 1860 and died at Huntsville, Texas, April 26, 1863. He was author of a series of newspaper letters on slavery which were pub- lished under the title of "The Issue," also of volumes of sermons and other works, including a text book on grammar which was extensively used in Southern schools, and ' ' The Scholar 's Com- panion, ' ' a combination of speller and dictionary. To measure up to the achievements and the character of such ancestors is a task that would test the best resources and talents of any man. Rev. Dr. B. F. Campbell was born at the home of his parents in Lexington, Virginia, December 12, 1858. He grew up in a home of high ideals and splendid culture, and his advantages there were supplemented by the best of schooling. He did his college work in the fine old institution in which his father was a professor, Washington and Lee University, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1878 and Master of Arts in 1879. During the following three years he was a teacher, in the Kabie Academy at Charlestown, West Virginia, during 1879-80, in Tinkling Spring High School in Virginia in 1880-81, and in McGuire's School at Richmond, Virginia, 1881-82. Having in the meantime definitely determined upon the ministry as a career, he was a student in Union Theological Seminary at Hampden Sidney, Virginia, from 1882 to 1885. Mr. Campbell received his degree Doctor of Divinity from Davidson College in North Carolina in 1893. He was licensed by the Lexington Presbytery August 30, 1884, and ordained May 18, 1885. Though in the ministry more than thirty years, he has filled only four distinct pastorates — Millboro and Windy Cove Churches in Bath County, Vir- ginia, 1885 to 1889; Davidson College Church in North Carolina, 1889-90; Buena Vista in Virginia, 1890-92; and pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Asheville since 1892. Without intention to describe in detail the great work that Dr. Campbell has performed in more than thirty years of ministry, it is important to emphasize the character of his leadership. He is first of all a broad-minded student of human life in both its material and spiritual significance. But he has never been content merely to state and compile the results of studies. He has sought to give vitality to what he has learned and discovered, either in leading men to further heights of aspira- tion or achievement or in fiercely combating those conspicuously fortified or insidious evils and ten- dencies which still flourish among mankind and require everlasting determination and vigilance to eradicate. Considering his career as a whole it is by no means an exaggeration to claim that Dr. Campbell has been one of the most construc- tive leaders in public thought and action in the South during the last quarter of a century. In 1896 Dr. Campbell led the movement for the erection of the Presbytery of Asheville by the Synod of North Carolina. In 1914-15 he was equally prominent in the movement for the erec- tion of the Synod of Appalachia by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church in the United States. Both of these movements have had an important bearing on the work of home mis- sions and of Christian education in the Appal- achian Mountains. Since 1897 Dr. Campbell has been a trustee of Union Theological Seminary in Virginia, and in 1917 became a trustee of Stonewall Jackson College at Abingdon, Virginia. He has been presi- dent of the Board of Trustees of the Montreat Normal School, North Carolina, since 1916, was founder and since 1911 president of the Good Samaritan Mission at Asheville, is vice president for North Carolina of the Lord's Day Alliance of the United States; is chairman of the Home Missions Committees of the Asheville Presbytery and of the Synod of Appalachia. He is the author of a plan for the federation of the Presbyterian and Reformed churches of the United States, in- cluding about twelve ecclesiastical bodies, on the basis of a bicameral congress modeled after that of the Federal Union of the States in this Re- public. This plan has commended itself to many of the liberal men in the church and is now under serious consideration. The World war has naturally demanded of Dr. Campbell services commensurate and proportion- ate to his great ability and influence. He is a member of the executive committee and chairman of the Civilian Belief Department of the Ashe- ville Chapter of the American Red Cross. For a year or more he has been active in patriotic work in connection with the great war, making public addresses on Liberty Loans, War Savings Stamps, Red Cross and other worthy causes. In 1912 Dr. Campbell started an agitation through the public press pointing out the injustice of foisting the ' ' red light district ' ' on the negroes. In Asheville as in other cities 'the attempt to deal vigorously with the social evil had merely shifted it from the better sections of the city to the negro quarter, where it had up to that time flourished without special protest except from the better class of negroes who were, however, comparatively uninfluential. Dr. Campbell was unable to satisfy his conscience with this condi- tion, and he presented the matter so vigorously and so persistently that, with the fortunate co- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 259 operation of a police judge who was in sympathy with him, these houses were completely driven out from the residential section occupied by the negroes in Asheville, and finally the red light dis- trict was suppressed altogether. Because of the widespread existence of the evil any fight of this kind is really a matter of national news and interest, and what Asheville accomplished had so many unusual phases that the matter drew forth a lengthy editorial from that old and dignified American magazine, ' ' The Harper 's Weekly. ' ' Dr. Campbell when a boy organized and taught a night school for colored men, later was a teacher and superintendent of Sunday school for negroes, and thus has had almost a lifelong interest in the advancement of the negro race and has thoroughly studied the problems of the race and their environment in the South. A nota- ble result of this was a sermon which he preached in 1898, and which was subsequently, owing to requests from all over the country, published in pamphlet form under the title ' ' Some Aspects of the Race Problem in the South." This was first put out in an edition of three thousand copies and a few months later a second edition was issued of ten thousand copies. Other notable pamphlets and sermons which have appeared with Dr. Campbell as author are as follows : ' ' Mission Work among the Mountain Whites, " " Classification of the Mountain Whites," "The Church Fair," "The Use and Abuse of Animals, " " The Dog in Literature and in Life, " " Inter-relation of the Individual and the Institutions of Society, " " A First-Day Duty for Everyone," "Union Seminary in the Pastorate — an address at the centennial celebration of the Seminary (1912)," "Centennial Address, Synod of North Carolina in the Last Fifty Years, or the Presbvterian Church an Evangelistic Agency, ' ' (1913), "Harmful Child Labor in the United States, " " Sunday Laws and Liberty. ' ' Dr. Campbell has been much interested in legis- lation for the protection of the weekly rest day. He holds that as ' ' the sabbath was made for man" (for the genus homo) it should be pro- tected by law, just as the sanctity of the family and the rights of property are protected and that no individual or corporation should be permitted to break down the beneficent institution or to rob men of its blessings. Where Sunday work is necessary, as it sometimes is, provision should be made for legislative enactment as in France, Canada and other countries, to insure to the three million workers in the United States who now labor seven days in the week, one day 's rest in seven. Legislation should, not bear in any way on the religious observance of Sunday further than to proteet the rights of those who wish to worship, and to encourage incidentally the reverent use of the day. Dr. Campbell is a charter member of the Pen and Plate Club of Asheville. He is a foundation member of Gamma Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa Society, Washington and Lee University, in 1911. Politically he is a democrat. On October 8, 1885, at Lexington, Virginia, Dr. Campbell married Sarah Montgomery Euffner, daughter of William Henry and Harriet Ann (Gray) Ruffner. Dr. William Henry Ruffner was organizer and first superintendent of the ' public school system of Virginia, and became known as "the Horace Mann of the South." Mrs. Campbell, who died at Asheville, North Carolina, August 20, 1917, was not only a wife and mother but a woman of distinction in the life and affairs of Asheville. She was a graduate of the New Jersey State Normal School at Tren- ton, was a student of piano in the Boston Con- servatory of Music. At Asheville she was founder and president of the Saturday Music Club, a charter member of the Friendly Dozen Book Club, the first woman 's club organized in that city, and was a charter member of the Paidology Club of Asheville, one of the first clubs in this country for child study. Dr. Campbell has one son, Ruffner Campbell, who was born at Davidson College, North Caro- lina, December 17, 1889. He graduated from that institution, which for that reason might doubly claim his affection as his alma mater. He received the degree Bachelor of Science from Davidson in 1910 and in 1913 was graduated LL. B. from Washington and Lee University, and practised his profession as an attorney at law at Asheville, until in 1918 when he responded to the call of his country and enlisted in the Navy of the United States. Howard White is one of the most successful timber operators and lumber manufacturers in North Carolina. He has a wide experience both in railroading and in manufacturing lines. In 1909 he came to Raleigh and established the Howard White Lumber Company, and he now con- trols the output of about fifty mills in North Car- olina, South Carolina and Georgia. He was born in Matthews County, Virginia, April 6, 1880, a son of James Benjamin and Elizabeth W. (Gayle) White. His father was a successful Virginia merchant. Gaining his education in the public schools, finishing with the Portsmouth, Vir- ginia, Public School, Howard White took up work with the Seaboard Air Line Railway Company, be- ing connected with the accounting department for nine years. For a time he was in charge of the agency accounts. He then became tie and timber agent for the Norfolk & Southern Railway, and bought all the materials throughout the period of construction of that road. On the completion of this road he moved to Raleigh and established his present business. Mr. White is a member of the Country, Capital and Rotary clubs and also of the Elks Order. On September 10, 1906, at Portsmouth, Virginia, he married Miss Annie Wilson. They have three chil- dren, Anne, Sarah and Howard Jr. Jeter Conley Pritchard was born at Jones- boro, Tennessee, July 12, 1857. His parents were William H. and Elizabeth (Brown) Pritchard, the ancestry on the paternal side being Welsh and Irish, and Irish on the maternal. William H. Pritchard was a carpenter and builder, a hard- working man but never accumulated wealth. When the war between the states was precipitated, he was seven years above the age of enlistment but entered as a substitute for Moses Cone, father of the Cone brothers of this state. He was in the Sixtieth Tennessee Volunteer Infantry under Col. John H. Crawford, and took part in the many notable battles in which this regiment participated, the siege of Vicksburg, in particular. It was after the surrender of that city Mr. Pritchard was stricken with disease, which in modern warfare might have been prevented, and died at Mobile, Alabama. The Pritchard family in the meanwhile suffered in the home, as so often has been the case when 260 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA the head and wage earner has been called away. The close of hostilities found Jeter a lad of eight years, dependent upon his devoted mother's scant resources. At that time and place there were but few opportunities for a boy to provide for his own self support, especially for a boy anxious to secure an education. His mother deemed it wise, therefore, when he was twelve years old, to apprentice him to a trade, selecting that of a printer, with the thought that he could thus secure a practical educa- tion. When he went into the printing office he knew little of the elements of learning and could not yet write his own name. He was guided in the main by his mother 's influence and determined to fulfill her expectations, and this he did by closely applying himself to his duties and taking every possible opportunity to improve himself. He made such rapid progress in the knowledge of his trade that at the end of his apprenticeship he easily secured the position of foreman of the Union Flag newspaper office at Jonesboro, which position he filled until the breaking out of the Asiatic cholera in Tennessee in the summer of 1873. He then left Jonesboro and entered school at Martins Creek Academy, where he attended two terms. After attending school he accepted a position as foreman of the Bakersville Independent, a weekly newspaper published at Bakersville, North Carolina. The dis- tance from Erwin to Bakersville is thirty-five miles and as the young printer had no reserved capital there was no other way to cover it except on foot, and when the future statesman and judge entered that town he carried his one silver coin, of the value of 10 cents, in a ragged pocket. In this brave acceptance of circumstances and resolute manner of overcoming them, the boy, for he was then only seventeen years of age, foreshadowed the man, in whom stern resolution, when known to be right, has always been a prominent character- istic. Mr. Pritchard profited by his new position, through it greater opportunities coming to him than he had ever before enjoyed, included in these being educational training and subsequently a part- nership in the Independent, of which he became associate editor. At a later date he removed to Madison County, North Carolina, and entered into politics. In 1885 he represented that county in the General Assembly and was re-elected in 1887, and in this legislative body attained prominence by reason of the clarity of his judgment, his honesty and public spirit. About this time he began to Tealize what a knowl- edge of the law would mean to him, and with characteristic energy set about its study, hampered, however, by necessary farm duties and lack of a competent preceptor. All his life, however, he had faced and overcome difficulties and, great as they were in this case, he proved them not insurmount- able, and in 1887 secured his license and entered at once upon the practice of law. While serving in the General Assembly, Mr. Pritchard had proved his quality of leadership and in 1888 the republican party nominated him for lieutenant-governor. In 1891 he again represented Madison County in the General Assembly, being now considered one of the strong republican leaders in the state, and he received the honor of being the caucus nominee of his party for the United States Senate. At the next election he was put forward for Congress from the Ninth District, where the republican strength had been weakened by the transfer of Mitchell County to another district, and, although Mr. Pritchard made gains in several counties, he went down to defeat in the year that was generally disastrous to the republican party all over the country. In follow- ing the careers of public men many elements must come under consideration. The political situation at this time had been greatly changed by the growth of the Farmers' Alliance, which was mainly the foundation from which was developed the populist party, in rebellion against many of the usages of the old political parties. In North Caro- lina at that time there was much dissatisfaction and this particularly was the case in regard to the democratic party under President Cleveland's administration. Mr. Pritchard was one of the clear-eyed politicians of the day who saw, before it was accomplished, that a co-operative campaign between the republicans and populists would re- sult in an anti-democratic legislature. Because of the death of Senator Vance at this time, and also the expiration of the term of Senator Matt Ransom, two senators were to be chosen by the General Assembly. Mr. Pritchard was elected to fill the unexpired term of Senator Vance. In January, 1897, Senator Pritchard was re-elected United States senator for a term of six years. He was the only representative his party had from the southern states and soon found him- self called into consultation by the President and his republican colleagues in the Senate concerning all matters relating to southern affairs. In this position Senator Pritchard sustained himself well and his careful recommendation tended to strengthen his influence and bring him into still greater prominence in public matters. In addition to performing his duties at Washington so well Senator Pritchard also served as chairman of his party in the state and as national committeeman, and he entered enthusiastically into the successive campaigns in North Carolina. Through his gifts of oratory and his thorough understanding of public affairs he was one of the state 's notable speakers and came to be considered the strongest republican leader that North Carolina had ever produced. When the democrats were restored to power in 1900 political changes inevitably came and in 1903 Senator Overman succeeded Senator Prit- chard, whose term expired in March of that year. On leaving public life, as he supposed, Mr. Prit- chard accepted the position of assistant division counsel of the Southern Railroad, with head- quarters at Asheville, but on April 1, 1903, Presi- dent Roosevelt appointed him associate justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, and he entered on a judicial career that speedily won for him a great reputation and gave the highest satisfaction to his friends. President Roosevelt still further demonstrated his! confi- dence in Judge Pritchard by appointing him April 28, 1904, to succeed the late Judge Simon- ton as judge of the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. One of the celebrated eases in modern criminal annals was the case of United States against Machem and others, which came before Judge Pritchard while a member of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. The trial of this case covered seven weeks and involved many new points of law and was fought on each side with great ability. During its progress a multitude of exceptions were taken to the rulings of the court, but, notwithstanding the judge was sitting in a strange jurisdiction and many unusual prob- lems were brought forward for the first time in that jurisdiction, on appeal to the Court of Appeals HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 261 and to the Supreme Court all of his rulings were affirmed. Au interesting ease to mention is that in which Judge Pritehard immediately after his appoint- ment as United States Circuit judge, granted a writ of habeas corpus at the instance of Hon- orable Josephus Daniels, who had been adjudged guilty of contempt of court by the district judge at Raleigh, and on the return of the writ two days later he discharged Mr. Daniels. The judge wrote a lengthy and exhaustive opinion in this ease, stat- ing the reasons for his action in the premises, as well as the general law of contempt applicable to the courts of the United States. This opinion has been quoted generally by the American press as well as by all the leading journals in foreign countries, and a most favorable estimate of this decision has prevailed. Another case which has attracted much interest was the celebrated one of Folsom versus Ninety- Six Township, South Carolina. The Legislature of that state, by an amendment to the state con- stitution, abolished the corporate entity of certain townships which had issued bonds in aid of the construction of a railroad; and also by legislative enactment the territory originally embraced in such townships was transferred to a new county known as Greenwood, for the purpose of invalidating the securities issued. Judge Pritehard sustained the validity of the securities. Still another important and far-reaching decision was in the case of Fol- som et al. vs. Greenwood County from South Carolina. Novel principles of law as well as im- portant interests were involved in these decisions, which were made by the judge without any direct precedent to guide him, but here as in other cases liis decisions have been sustained, his adjudications being esteemed by the profession as sound and based on the foundation principles of the law. His courtesy, his fairness and impartiality on the bench have won for him the highest personal regard from the bar, irrespective of the admira- tion aroused by Ids unusual judicial qualifications. When Senator Pritehard laid aside his senatorial toga, his friends, irrespective of party affiliations felt that they would like to present him with some substantial token of their high regard and settled upon a magnificent gift, a beautiful silver service and a chest of silver, the presentation speech being made by Hon. Richmond Pearson. When Judge Pritehard resigned the position of associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Dis- trict of Columbia, the members of the bar of Washington held a meeting at which resolutions were unanimously adopted expressing appreciation of his course as a jurist, and through its chair- man, Hon. Henry Davis, he was presented with a finely engraved punch bowl. In literature Judge Pritehard has a catholic taste, as may be learned by observing the books he reads. His library is probably one of the most complete law libraries in the country, but when judicial cares are set aside he finds enjoy- ment in Shakespeare, Scott and Dickens, while at all times the Bible affords him pleasure and instruction. He has been a member of the Baptist church for the past ten years. During his term as judge of the Supreme Court Judge Pritehard served as a member of the faculty of Georgetown University as lecturer on law. Judge Pritehard was married September 18, 1877, to Miss Augusta L. Ray, who was related to Thomas B. Carter and Judge Frank Carter, of Asheville. She was survived by three sons and one daughter. The oldest son, William D., was a first lieutenant in the Thirteenth Cavalry and was killed at Camp Stotzenburg, Philippine Islands, in Novem- ber, 1904. The daughter, Ida, is the wife of Thomas S. Rollins, a prominent attorney of Ashe- ville. The son George M. was educated at the University of North Carolina, and is now a practic- ing lawyer at Marshall, North Carolina. He was a member of the Legislature of 1917, being elected by the largest majority that any republican ever received in Madison County. He married Miss Robeua Redmond, daughter of J. J. Red- mond a prominent banker and business man. The son Dr. Thomas Arthur is personally and pro- fessionally well known at Asheville. After the death of his first wife Judge Pritehard married Miss Melissa Bowman, daughter of Judge J. W. Bowman, who was the mother of Judge Prit- ehard 's youngest son, Lieutenant J. MeKinley Pritehard, at present (1918) with the United States Army in France. Lieutenant Pritehard was married to Miss Margaret Linn on June 18, 1917. Mrs. MeKinley Pritehard is the daughter of the late Doctor Linn. Judge Pitchard's present wife is Miss Lillian E. Saum, of Washington City. After the war was declared against Germany, Judge Pritehard tendered his services to the Gov- ernment, and has spent every spare moment in delivering speeches in the various Liberty Loan movements, as well as in Red Cross and Young Men's Christian Association campaigns. During the last Liberty Loan drive, at the instance of the Secretary of the Treasury, he was the chief speaker in the Dallas, Texas, district speaking in every city of importance in that state and also delivering addresses in Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma. Texas in the first Liberty Loan move- ment failed to furnish her full allotment. This time, however, the district furnished 44 per cent more than her allotment called for, and Judge Pritehard is credited with being instrumental in bringing about this result. Dr. Thomas Arthur Pritehard was born at Marshall in Madison County, North Carolina, in 1882. From the famous Horner Military School he entered the University of North Caro- lina, where lie was a brilliant, student, and equally so in Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated with honors in 1904. He opened an office at Asheville and began as a general practi- tioner but gradually restricted himself to surgery and before the call to the National Army came had already gained prominence for his scientific work as a surgeon. He is now (1918) in the United States service as a brain specialist, with the rank of captain, and is awaiting further orders in the training cam]) at Oglethorpe, Georgia. He is a member of many scientific bodies in Buncombe County and elsewhere, and belongs to the medical staff of the Biltmore and the Mission Hospitals. Doctor Pritehard was married to Miss Robin Kennet, of Asheville, North Carolina, whose parents were natives of Indiana. Heriot Clarkson for over thirty years has been a lawyer, business man and a leader in the civic and moral life of his home City of Charlotte and the state at large. Aside from the many interesting things associated with his name, the most distinctive of all is his character as an un- compromising and outspoken citizen. Everyone knows exactly where he stands and when his sup- 262 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA port has been enlisted in any cause his interest- lias seldom allowed him to be a passive specta- tor. Undoubtedly some of the qualities which have made him a hard righting citizen and lawyer have been inherited from the distinguished Revolu- tionary ancestry. Mr. Clarkson was born at Kings- ville, Richland County, South Carolina, August 21, 1863, a son of Maj. William and Margaret (Simons) Clarkson. He is a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. Margaret Simons was a great- great-niece of Gen. Francis Marion, the "swamp fox ' ' of the Revolution. Her ancestry included other personages of distinction in the history not only of the South but of New England as well. Hardly less notable has been the record of the Clarkson male line. It is of English ancestry, but the family located in South Carolina before the Revolutionary war. Mr. Clarkson 's grand- father was Thomas Boston Clarkson, a descend- ant of Thomas Boston, the famous Presbyterian divine. Thomas Boston Clarkson married Miss Heriot, of the family of George Heriot, a Scotch- man who lived in Edinburgh something more than 300 years ago. The name Heriot is one of the most familiar encountered in that Scotch city. Upon his death George Heriot left his property to the Town of Edinburgh to establish a fund for the practical education of boys. This fund today amounts to several millions of pounds, and the schools which have grown up under it constitute practically the free school system of Edinburgh. The Heriot Foundation probably provided for the first free school system in the world. The branch of the family in America first settled in George- town, South Carolina, many years before the Revolutionary war. Col. Robert Heriot, a great- great-grandfather of Heriot Clarkson, was a colonel in the continental line of the American Revolutionary troops. Maj. William Clarkson was a successful planter, and throughout the war served in the Confederate army and was promoted to the rank of major. In 1863 he was in command of the Sharpshooters at Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, when it was being bombarded by Federal monitors. Some of the Clarkson family are still living on the plan- tation land that was granted to their ancestors by King George. Mr. Heriot Clarkson attended the Carolina Mil- itary Institute at Charlotte. While a youth he entered the law office of Jones & Johnston of Charlotte, a firm comprising Col. Hamilton C. Jones and Gen. Robert D. Johnston. These men were distinguished lawyers and their firm was one of the strongest in the annals of the Char- lotte bar. Through the inspiration and influ- ence of these gentlemen Mr. Clarkson was led to the serious study of law. He took the full law course in the University of North Carolina, where he was graduated with the first honors of his class in 1884. In the same years he returned to Char- lotte and began practice, and has been entrusted with the handling and supervision of many of the most important cases in the local or higher state courts within the last thirty years. Besides his enviable position in the law his energies and talents have brought him various engagements in business affairs. He is a pro- gressive of the most pronounced type and al- ways a leader in ethical, educational and moral reform movements. In the present generation it is hardly necessary to recall that he was presi- dent of the Anti-Saloon League of North Caro- lina when North Carolina went dry in 1908. But that was only the culmination of a long and per- sistently fought campaign in which Heriot Clark- son was always one of the chief personal figures and leaders. He was a pioneer prohibitionist, and openly advocated the principles of that cause in a day when it required moral courage to express such views. Along in the '80s, when he was a member of the board of aldermen, the question was presented for vote of making Charlotte dry territory. Mr. Clarkson was one of the two mem- bers of the body who had the convictions or the courage to support that measure. Later he was chairman of the local Anti-Saloon League when the liquor traffic was voted out of Charlotte in 1904. Mr. Clarkson represented Mecklenberg County in the Legislature in the ' ' White Supremacy ' ' Legislature of 1899. He was elected and served as solicitor of the Twelfth Judicial District for seven years beginning in 1904. He has been an alderman or city attorney at different times. Other interests that are associated with his name and career was as one of the organizers of the Piedmont Fire Insurance Company, as organizer and owner of a majority of the stock of the famous summer resort ' ' Little Switzerland ' ' iii the North Carolina mountains, as one of the or- ganizers of the company which built and owns the Law Building at Charlotte, as a member of the Park and Tree Commission for several years, and a leader in the movement to get the dona- tion to the city of fifty-two acres for Independ- ence Park. He was one of the builders of the Colonial Apartments. Mr. Clarkson is author of two codes of the City of Charlotte. He is senior warden of St. Peter 's Protestant Episcopal Church, chairman of the finance committee of St. Peter 's Hospital, and built as a memorial to his father St. Andrew 's Chapel in Seversville. Mr. Clarkson married Miss Mary Osborne, of Charlotte, daughter of Col. E. A. Osborne of that city. They have five children, four sons and a daughter. One son, F. O. Clarkson, now twenty- two years of age, graduated at the University of North Carolina in the academic department, and is also a law graduate of the University of North Carolina, He had just entered upon his profes- sional career in partnership with his father when the war with Germany broke out. He promptly joined the Naval Aviation service and went to Cambridge Technical School at Boston and is now lieutenant in the Aviation Marine Corps. Thomas Scott Rollins, of Asheville, has done much to dignify the profession of which he is one of the most learned and successful members, and in the twenty-three years of his practice has had many interesting as well as valuable con- nections. Mr. Rollins is a former president of the North Carolina State Bar Association. He was born at Marshall, North Carolina, June 24, 1872, a son of Maj. William Wallace and Eliza (Gudger) Rollins. His father was a man of prominence, especially as a tobacco grower, and was regarded as the most extensive tobacco raiser in the state during the decade from 1880 to 1890. For seventeen years Major Rollins tilled the office of postmaster at Asheville, North Caro- lina. Thomas S. Rollins grew UTJ on his father's plan- tation, was educated in public schools and later in the University of North Carolina, where he graduated in 1894 and from the law department HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 263 in 1895. In 1893 he was honored with the social distinction in the University of Chief Marshal. After leaving law scdiool he practiced at Marshall with Judge J. C. Pritchard, who at that time was a member of the United States Senate from North Carolina. In 1903 Mr. Rollins came to Asheville and was associated in the practice of the law with Judge Charles A. Moore under the title of Moore & Rollins. This firm was dissolved in 1912 when Judge Moore, on account of ill health re- tired from practice. Mr. Rollins is now member of the firm of Martin, Rollins & Wright. This is one of the largest and most successful firms of corporation attorneys in the state. In 1902 Mr. Rollins was appointed assistant division counsel for the Southern Railway with jurisdiction over fourteen western counties in the state. His firm are now attorneys for the Southern Railway, the Southern Express Company, the Champion Fibre Company, the Street Railway interests of Asheville, and for various other large interests. Mr. Rollins was president of the Asheville Bar Association from 1910 to 1913, and enjoyed the signal honor of being unanimously elected presi- dent of the North Carolina Bar Association for the year 1913-14. He is also a member of the American Bar Association, is a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He and his family worship in the Trinity Episcopal church at Asheville. In politics he is a staunch republican and has always taken a great interest in his party. He was chairman of the Ninth Congressional Dis- trict in 1900, and succeeded that year in thoroughly organizing the district and electing Hon. James M. Moody to Congress by over two thousand majority. In 1903 Mr. Rollins was elected chairman of the State Republican Executive Committee, and (for four years held this important position. He was one of the most active and energetic chair- men his party has ever had and as an organizer has few equals of the state. September 10, 1900, Mr. Rollins married Ida Evelyn Pritchard, daughter of Judge J. C. and Augusta Pritchard. The four children born to their marriage are Elizabeth Jane, Lillian. Catherine C. and Thomas Scott, Jr. Norman Underwood is one of the prominent building contractors of the state, with home at Durham for the past twenty years, though his operations have not been confined to any one city or locality. Mr. Underwood was born at Youngstown, Ohio, September 2, 1862, a son of George Wright and Mary (Jones) Underwood. His father was a farmer and on the old homestead in Ohio Norman spent his early youth. He had a public school education, and from the farm he went to Knox- ville, Tennessee, in 1884 to learn the carpenter's trade. He has been a contractor and builder ever since and in 1898 came to North Carolina, spend- ing a few months at Raleigh, but since November, 1899, his home has been at Durham. Only a few examples of his work can be noted. He erected the postoffice and the Trust Building at Durham, two of the dormitories on the campus of Trinity College, also the college library, the residences of Duke and Stagg at Durham, the Memorial Metho- dist Episcopal Church and a number of large build- ings at Chapel Hill, the seat of the State Uni- versity. Mr. Underwood is a member aud for two terms was president of the Builders ' Exchange of North Carolina. He has been quite active in public affairs of Durham, served as an alderman and is a member of the police and fire commission. He is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, and the Knights of Pythias. March 6, 1883, Mr. Underwood married Elsie E. Ward of Bowling Green, Ohio. They are the par- ents of five children : Mary Almira, the oldest, is the wife of C. D. Rigsbee of Durham ; Bruce Nor- man, who is sales manager with the U. S. Rubber Company, married Nellie Gager of Fostoria, Ohio; Harrison Aubrey, who is in the engineering serv- ice of the United States Government, married Rose Turner; Daniel Morse, associated with his father in business at Durham, married Lessie King of Durham ; Robert Ward is still a student, being in the Bingham Military School, where he has the rank of first lieutenant. George Alexander Norwood. The commercial prosperity of city, state and nation rests on sound banking as its foundation. Money is as necessary to further the pursuits of peace as it is indis- pensable in the carrying on of war, and it is to bankers, whose foresight and business experience have prepared them to handle and conserve finan- cial resources, that the people must turn in any crisis. Their responsibilities are great and for that reason they must be men of affairs in order to secure and maintain the confidence on which their own success and continuance depends. In this connection, because of his unusual business prominence, attention may be called to George Alexander Norwood, whose interests are numerous at Goldsboro, North Carolina. George Alexander Norwood was born at Harts- ville, Darlington County, South Carolina, January 7, 1863. His parents were George Alexander and Mary Louisa (Wilkins) Norwood. The father was prominent for many years at Greensville, South Carolina, as a merchant and banker. After leav- ing the local schools George A. Norwood attended the high school at Charleston and from there entered Wake Forest College, North Carolina. He then embarked in business at Charleston and for thirteen years bought and sold cotton as a factor. In 1896 Mr. Norwood came to Goldsboro and in that year established the National Bank of Golds- boro, North Carolina, of which he has been presi- dent ever since. In 1906 he still further expanded his interests in the financial field by organizing the Goldsboro Savings and Trust Company, of which he has been the only president. These insti- tutions are among the best capitalized in the state and their officials and directors are all men of large means and of trustworthy character. Mr. Nor- wood 's business faculties are engaged in numer- ous other prominent and important concerns, in all of which his name is one of the greatest assets. He is president of the Wayne Red Brick Company, an exceedingly important enterprise; is president likewise of the Carolina Warehouse Com- pany: is vice president of the Goldsboro Wholesale Grocery Company; is president and treasurer of the Goldsboro Construction Company; and is vice president and treasurer of the Planters' Ware- house Company. In attending to the many duties pertaining to each and every one of these enter- prises Mr. Norwood displays remarkable business 264 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA acumen, but in association with others in the business world he has always shown a maintenance of honorable business ethics, and his keenest com- petitors have never had cause to question his methods. Few men in this city have had at one time so many important interests to guard, and none have ever shown a better comprehension of responsibility or had a firmer grasp on business potentialities. In large measure his attitude in regard to public affairs has been the same. Civic pride is a characteristic and Goldsboro has profited thereby in public improvements. He has been interested with others in developing the city in many directions, in furthering installation of superior public utilities and in making improve- ments which will be lasting. He has served in uumerous public capacities in the city and was chairman of the board of public works and was the first chairman of the public library board. Mr. Norwood was married June 10, 1887, to Miss ' Louisa Stevens Hart, of Hartsville, South Caro- lina and they have the following children: Lou Wilkins, Thomas Hart, Evan Wilkins, George Mcintosh, Mary Law, John Louie Hart and Charles Stevens. Mr. Norwood and family are members of the First Baptist Church and are in- terested in its various avenues of benevolence. They are pleasantly known in the city 's social life and Mr. Norwood belongs to the Goldsboro Coun- try Club. He retains membership in his old college society, the Kappa Alpha, and he belongs also to the Knights of Pythias. Frank Wood. Eastern Carolina owes much to such sturdy old families as the one bearing the name of Wood, a name that has been held in honor and respect in Chowan County for genera- tions. Attracted to this region because of its accessibility and its evident great natural re- sources, the Wood family became largely inter- ested in agriculture and fishing, and in the de- velopment of these industries laid the foundation of both family and community wealth. They still form a firm base on which to build, and the name is still prominently associated with these interests in Chowan County. Frank Wood, one of Edenton 's representative men, was born at Edenton, North Carolina, June 7, 1858. His parents were Edward and Caroline (Gilliam) Wood, the former of whom died No- vember 28, 1872. He had been a planter and oc- cupied a prominent place in the affairs of this city and was a liberal supporter of the Episcopal Church. During the early boyhood Mr. Wood was in- structed at home, but after the cloud of war had been lifted, entered Edenton Academy, which has always been admirably conducted, and after com- pleting a course there entered the University of North Carolina. Upon the death of his father he succeeded to his inteiests and continues the same, as a keen business man carrying on his in- dustries in a modern, systematic and efficient manner. When the project was first considered of founding the industry now represented by the Edenton Cotton Mill Company, Mr. Wood was one of the far-sighted business men first inter- ested and became the president of the company and has directed its business policy ever since. He has also greatly assisted other local organi- zations, through both capital and encouragement, to secure a sound foundation, this being particu- larly true of the Edenton Peanut Company and the Chowan Cotton Oil & Fertilizer Company. He is one of the directors of the Bank of Eden- ton. Mr. Wood was married November 11, 1886, to Miss Bebecca Anderson Collins, of Hillsboro, North Carolina, who is a daughter of Maj. George Pompelli and Anne Baffin (Cameron) Collins. Mr. and Mrs. Wood have two children: George Col- lins, who became a farmer, volunteered in the aviation service in 1917 and is now in training at Austin, Texas, and Bebecca Bennehan, who resides with her parents. The family is promi- nent socially. They belong to the Episcopal Church, in which Mr. Wood fills the office of sen- ior warden. In public affairs as well as in business Mr. Wood has taken an active and honorable part, serving for many years as a county commissioner and as chairman of the board since 1892. He was a member of the North Carolina State Board of Agriculture and demonstrates his interest in many ways. For six years Mr. Wood was a member of the board of trustees of A. & M. College, and for the past fifteen years has been a trustee of St. Mary 's School, Baleigh, North Carolina. Julian Wood. Banking, farming and fishing largely engage the attention of one of Edenton 's best known and most substantial citizens, Julian Wood, who is president of the Bank of Edenton, and whose additional interests identify him with many of the important enterprises of Chowan County. Julian Wood was born at Edenton, North Caro- lina, June 27, 1863. His parents were Edward and Caroline Moore (Gilliam) Wood. His father, who died in November, 1872, had owned much ■ productive land in this section and valuable fish- ing rights. From the local schools Mr. Wood entered the University of North Carolina, from which insti- tution he was graduated in 1884, afterward at- tending Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He completed his law course in the University of Vir- ginia, and was admitted to the bar in 1886. He engaged in the practice of his profession for two years at Edenton, and had not other opportunities for a more active business career opened his thor- ough education and natural gifts would undoubt- edly have won him substantial professional honors. Mr. Wood, however, turned his talents in an- other direction, taking over fishing interests that had become of great value, and farms that needed intelligent, scientific management to bring them to their extreme of production. In some sections of the United States an owner will be proud of a ' ' farm ' ' that he can traverse on foot in a comparatively short time. On the other hand, Mr. Wood merely considers his cultivated estate of 700 acres as but one of his numerous inter- ests. In 1894 Mr. Wood organized the Bank of Eden- ton and has been its president ever since, a care- ful, conservative banker who has the confidence of city and county. The prosperity of this bank attests this feeling of security. Mr. Wood was married December 17, 1890, to Miss Elizabeth Benbury Badham. a daughter of Thomas C. and Sarah (Paxtonl Badham, of Eden- ton, where Mr. Badham is a merchant. Mr. and Mrs, Wood have seven children, namely: Julian, Thomas Badham, Sarah Louise, James Edward, Frank, Elizabeth Benbury and Mary Badham. The oldest son, Lieut. Julian Wood, is a member of Company L, One Hundred Nineteenth United HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 263 States Infantry, one of the brave American youths upon whom rests the winning of the World war. As a prominent man Mr. Wood has 100 calls made continually on his time and thus finds com- paratively little leisure for either recreation or social life, but he has never failed to recog- nize his responsibilities in the line of philan- thropy and not only as a faithful member of the Episcopal Church but otherwise has been con- sistently and continuously helpful ever since he reached manhood. George Herbert Wright. Though the men who were admitted to practice law in 1905 are still considered on the junior side of the profession in point of years of service, George Herbert Wright has achieved those dignities and successes in the profession which constitute all the success usually associated with long years and seniority. Mr. Wright is one of the prominent members of the Asheville Bar. From 1908 to 1912 he was associated in practice with J. C. Martin, and since then with the firm Martin, Rollins & Wright. The firm handle the legal business for the Bankers Trust & Title Insurance Company, and Mr. Wright has the additional distinction of having been the first person appointed under the auspices of the United States government for the express pur- pose of examining titles preparatory to the pur- chase of land for forestry and forest reserve. Mr. Wrieht is a member of the executive committee of the Pack Memorial Association of Asheville, is a member of the Xorth Carolina Bar Association and of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity. He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Wright comes of an old Xorth Carolina family and was born at Lafayette, Indiana, April 14, 1884, son of .Tames Oliver and Katherine (Espy) Wright. His father was born in Xorth Carolina and being a civil engineer by profession had work which required his presence and the residence of his family in various cities and states. As a result George Herbert Wright acquired his public school education in Indiana and in Chicago, also at Xew Orleans, and grad- uated Bachelor of Arts from Tulane University at Xew Orleans in 1903. In his early years he was also a school teacher, and studied law in the intervals of this work, being admitted to the bar in 1905. June 18, 1910. Mr. Wright married Irene Gill- iam of Asheville. They have three children : Katherine Louise, Ada Virginia and Irene Gilliam. Hon. John Gilbert Shaw. Thirty years of active practice as a member of the Fayetteville bar have sufficed to give John Gilbert Shaw a position of front rank among Xorth Carolina lawyers. Enviable as have been his achievements in the law, his interests and activities have been by no means confined to one profession. Mr.- Shaw has taken a dignified and useful part in the public affiairs of the state, and at one time represented Xorth Carolina in Congress. For many years he has been a constructive factor in the Cape Fear dis- trict of the state, has identified himself officially with both its industrial and civic life, and has also done his share toward keeping alive the tradi- tions and the spirit of the fine old Scotch settlers who more than any other class influenced the development of Cumberland County. Mr. Shaw has marked literary talents, and for one who has been so successful his range of interests is un- usual. Mr. Shaw was born near Fayetteville in Cumber- land County in 1859, a son of Duncan and Cather- ine (Gillis) Shaw. On both sides he represents the sturdy Scotch element that gave to the early settlements along Cape Fear their most distinctive characteristics. The different branches of the Shaw family in Xorth Carolina have always produced strong men and high thinking and noble acting citizens. Mr. Shaw 's paternal grandfather, Gil- bert Shaw, was born on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, and came to Xorth Carolina in 1796. He landed at Wilmington and came up the Cape Fear River to Cumberland County, where the Scotch people had been prominent for many years. Through his paternal grandmother Mr. Shaw is a great-grand- son of Col. John Ray. Colonel Ray was a notable Xorth Carolina Scotchman, and in the Revolution- ary war period he was on the Tory side. Mr. Shaw 's ancestors in the Revolution were divided among the Whigs and Tories. Mr. Shaw's father was born in Cumberland County and spent all his life there as a prosperous planter. The maternal grandfather, Col. David Gillis, commanded a regiment under the American flag at the battle of Xew Orleans at the close of the War of 1812. The Gillises were also of Scotch origin and early settlers in Xorth Carolina. John Gilbert Shaw as a boy had only the advantages of the local schools of Cumberland County. He is largely the product of his own exertions and ambitions in life, and he studied law at home and in 1887 was admitted to the bar at Fayetteville. He has been in practice in that city ever since, and many years ago earned a rightful place among Xorth Carolina 's ablest lawyers. Through his profession and other enter- prise he has become financially independent. He might be classed as a farmer as well as a lawyer. For a number of years he has done farming on a large scale in Fayette County. His plantation of a thousand acres is situated three miles west of Fayetteville. It makes a splendid country home, and it is also the center of a varied industry. The farm contains saw mill, grist mill, cotton gin and all equipment and facilities for the systematic and efficient production of its varied resources. Mr. Shaw has at different times been connected with the building of the principal cotton mills in Fayetteville and was president of one of the mills. The public spirit he has displayed in his home community has at different times taken on a larger range and has brought him prominently into state politics. He served as a member of the Legisla- ture during the sessions of 1887 and 1889, and for a long term of years was county attorney of Cumberland County. In 1892 he was democratic presidential elector from Xorth Carolina and helped make Grover Cleveland the President for his second term. The culmination of his political career came in the year of . confusion and political ex- tremity in Xorth Carolina in 1894. He was given the regular democratic nomination for Congress and was elected after a contest which was perhaps characteristic of the violent partisanship exhibited in Xorth Carolina during that year. He was one of the two democratic congressmen elected by Xorth Carolina in 1894. His one term in Con- gress he made a source of distinctive benefit and influence to the country at large and to his home state. The great populist upheaval which had been progressing in national affairs for some 266 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA years came to its climax in North Carolina in 1894, and the populist-fusion wave almost wrecked the democratic party. All those familiar with the political history of North Carolina recall the vio- lent antagonism and bitterness of that campaign. Mr. Shaw while campaigning had many sensa- tional experiences, and on two occasions the speaker's stand from which he was speaking was torn down. Mr. Shaw is a reader, a student, a writer and a man of broad intellectual tastes. His literary interests have been largely concentrated in Scotch history and literature and with particular refer- ence to the history of the Scotch settlements in Cumberland County and the Cape Fear section. He has interpreted some articles that have cleared up historical matters on that subject, and is considered one of the best informed authorities on the subject. Mr. Shaw is a member of the Pres- byterian Church and belongs to a number of civic and social organizations. His family consists of his wife and four chil- dren. Mrs. Shaw before her marriage was Miss Lizzie A. McPherson, daughter of Capt. John Alexander McPherson of Cumberland County. The four children, Duncan, John Alexander, Gilbert and Sarah, are young people of great promise and have made rather interesting records as students. Duncan is a graduate of the class of 1917 at Davidson College. John Alexander graduated from Davidson College with the class of 1918 and was one of the stars of his school 's most notable foot ball team. Both Duncan and John Alexander are now in the United States Army. Gilbert is attend- ing the Fayetteville High school. Prof. John Henry Allen. A man of scholarly attainments and much force of character, Prof. John Henry Allen is widely and favorably known as an efficient and progressive educator, and as superintendent of the Surry County schools is carrying on a highly appreciated and satisfactory work. He was born on a plantation adjoining East Bend, in Yadkin County, a son of William Allen. His grandfather, John Henry Allen, was born and reared in Ireland, and was the only member of the parental household to immigrate to the United States. He located first in New Hanover County, North Carolina, but late in life moved to Yadkin County, where he spent his remaining years. His wife bore him seven children, as follows : John ; James; Elisha; William; Elizabeth, who married Lemuel Fleming:; Nancy became the wife of John Norman : and Mittie, who married a Mr. Taylor. Born in New Hanover County, North Carolina, William Allen turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, and as a young man migrated to Yadkin County, where the opportunities for making a living as a tiller of the soil were supposed to be greater. Buying land in East Bend Township, he improved a good plantation, and was there pleas- antly engaged in general farming the remainder of his life, passing away in 1906. During the Civil war he was excused from military duty on account of phvsical disability. William Allen married Faith Wooten, who was born in Forbush Township, Yadkin County. Her father was a farmer and miller, owning and op- erating a mill on Forbush Creek. Mrs. William Allen preceded her husband to the better world, dying in 1904. She was the mother of ei"ht chil- dren, namely: John Henry; Thomas Monroe; James; Augustus; Solomon Gray; Elizabeth; Florence; and Rosa. As a boy John Henry Allen attended the schools of his native district, later completing his studies at the Union High School, in East Bend. Fitted for a professional career, he taught one term in Fall Creek Township, and subsequently had charge of schools in Rockford Centre, Siloam and Dobson, in each place meeting with undisputed success. Professor Allen was elected superintendent of the schools in Yadkin County and served faithfully for four years in that capacity. In 1901 he accepted the superintendency of the Surry County schools, and held the position until 1910, when he refused a re-election, preferring rather to become principal and superintendent of the public schools of Elkin. Two years later, however, the Professor was again chosen by the people as superintendent of the schools in Surry County, and has served con- tinuously since. In the responsible position he assumed, Professor Allen has proved himself com- petent both as to scholarship and executive ability, the schools of the county having been greatly im- proved, while in Westfield, Bannertown and White Plains new schools buildings have been erected. On October 23, 1883, Professor Allen was united in marriage with Miss Mary J. Castevens, who was born in Liberty Township, Yadkin County, a daugh- ter of Rev. Thomas and Elizabeth (Hill) Caste- vens. Five children have blessed their union, namely: Ernest, Faith Elizabeth, William Marion, Linden, and James Henry. Professor and Mrs. Allen are valued members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, in which he is chairman of its board of stewards, and also a member of the finance committee of the annual conference. Fraternally the professor is a member of Elkin Lodge No. 96. Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons; of Elkin Council, Junior Order of United American Mechanics; of Bryan Lodge No. 157, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; and of Elkin Lodge, Knights of Pythias. Marshall Dilling. From a boy operative in a cotton mill, grown to the full stature of man- hood in all his powers and capabilities, at the age of thirty-seven Marshall Dilling is carrying some of the most important responsibilities of cotton manufacture in North Carolina. With a brief exception he has spent practically all his career in and around Gastonia, and the people of that vicinity take a great deal of pride in recalling his rise from a humble position until he is now one of the men who dominate the industrial life of one of the largest cotton mill centers in the South. His birth occurred in 1881, in what is now the southwest part of Chester Place in Gastonia. His parents were Alberry and Jane (Hufstatler) Dil- lincr. His father was also born near Gastonia. and his bodv now rests in the cemetery east of the citv within 100 yards of his birthplace. Al- berry Dillinff's father was one of the pioneer citizens of Gaston Countv, and his uncle, Capt. F. Dilling, who is still living at King's Moun- tain, was one of the founders of the Town of Gastonia, Marshall Dilling 's mother was a mem- ber of the well known pioneer family of Hufstet- lers who have lived in Lincoln and Gaston counties since before the Revolution. Many people in this section recall the late Joseph M. Hufstetler, a fine old gentleman whose home was near Union Church in Gaston County. He snent his four- score years in a most useful and ttorierht life. Marshall Dilling- 's education in schools was probably less important as a real training for ^^/' ^a^d^x )?[ . /$ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 267 life than the industry he followed. He attended country schools near Gastonia. The present graded school system was not yet in existence. With the family he moved to the Town of Gas- tonia when he was eleven years of age, and after that gained most of his knowledge by study at night alone. Mr. Dilling is just old enough to have seen t lie beginning of the present great cotton devel- opment at Gastonia and vicinity. As a boy he worked in a cotton mill, and he has been con- nected with that great industry ever since. He learned cotton milling from practically every view- point and practically every position in the serv- ice. Eagerness to learn, to work, combined with his intelligence and ability, have been responsi- ble for his many promotions. For several years he was superintendent of the Avon Mill at Gas- tonia. In 1911 he went to Concord and became superintendent of the Cabarrus Cotton Mill there, one of a number of mills owned and operated by that prince of North Carolina cotton manufac- turers, J. W. Cannon of Concord. His ability as a mill superintendent soon brought him the absolute confidence and esteem of Mr. Cannon, and after about three months he was entrusted by him with charge of a mill at Siluria, Ala- bama. Mr. Dilling operated the Suliria Mill un- til October, 1917, when he returned to his old home, Gastonia, to assume still more important duties here. In the summer of 1917 the A. M. Smyre Manu- facturing Company of Gastonia was organized. This company soon began the construction of a modern cotton mill at Ranlo, four miles east of Gastonia. As suprintendent of the company Mr. Dilling took active charge of the construction of the mill and the installation of the machinery, a work for which by his long and successful . ex- perience he was thoroughly qualified. The mill construction has proceeded rapidly, and opera- tions were begun about the first of the year 1918. The mill has an exceptionally fine location, with track facilities and transportation service over both the Piedmont & Northern and the Southern railways. The mill started with an equipment of 10,000 spindles, and its manufacture is fine combed yarns. A great host of friends and acquaintances wel- comed Mr. and Mrs. Dilling back to Gastonia from Alabama. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dilling enjoy a high place in the esteem of the community anil are leaders in social affairs. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and he is affiliated with the Masonic Order and the Mystic Shrine. His wife was formerly Miss Clara Smith, who was born and reared in Gastonia and before her marriage was an efficient stenographer in the Gastonia law offices. They have a small son, Marshall Dilling, Jr. Charles Duffy Koonce. An important ele- ment in any community is its professional class, for it is largely made up of men of scholarly acquirements, necessary factors for civic pro- gress. Upon professional men rest many responsi- bilities entirely removed from their private affairs. They are looked up to as men of wider vision than the ordinary, every day citizen, and thus they influence affairs of public importance and often the lives of people with whom they never had ac- quaintance. The pleasant and growing city of Cliadbourn, North Carolina, has reason to feel some pride in the representative professional men who have found homes and honorable careers here, and among these no one stands higher in public esteem than Charles Duffy Koonce, a leader of the bar and formerly county Judge in Columbus County. Charles Duffy Koonce is a native of North Carolina and comes of old and substantial families of this state. He was born in Onslow County, March 18, 1869, and is a son of James and Harriet (Davis) Koonce. His father for many years was engaged in agricultural pursuits and became a man of such ample means that no restrictions were placed on the son in his ambi- tion to thoroughly equip himself for the career in which he early felt his interest centering. Under private instruction he prepared for a high school course at Richlands in his native county, from there entering the Newbern Collegiate Institute. He then became a student in the University of North Carolina, and completed his professional course in the law department of Wake. Forest College. Following his admission to the bar on August 25, 1902, Mr. Koonce came to Columbus County and entered into practice at Whiteville, bringing to the tasks of his profession both a natural fitness and an acquired capacity. Two years later Mr. Koonce came to Ghadbourne, and here has maintained his residence ever since. Prior to entering into practice and before taking his final course in law Mr. Koonce had taught in high sehools in Scotland County, being located for twelve years at Gibson, there as elsewhere build- ing up a professional reputation together with a personal one that is evidenced by the high esteem in which he is held and the many warm friends he has in an unusually wide acquaintance. Not only has he been recognized as an able attorney, but he has been honored by election to the bench and as county judge served Columbus County faithfully for two years, his record show- ing great judicial capacity. Judge Koonce was married September 6, 1906, to Mrs. Etta Hand, who was born in North Caro- lina, a member of one of the prominent families of the Old North state. They have two children, Thelma and Euclid. Mr. and Mrs. Koonce are members of the Presbyterian Church and they are active in forwarding many of its benevolent movements. Thev occupv a place also in the city's social life, and their pleasant, hospitable fireside is known to many appreciative friends. While Judge Koonce has necessarily, because of his prominence, interested himself to a con- siderable extent in politics, he has never been bigoted, good judgment, wisdom and knowledge coming from experience, directing his course on all occasions. He has, at times, accepted the responsibilities of office otherwise than mentioned, and for eight years served as a member of the Columbus County Board of Election, served for three years as a Member of Board of Education and for two years served as clerk of the Superior Court. Highly educated himself and for years identified with educational activities, he is deeply interested in everything pertaining to the public schools. William Williams Faison", M. D. In the course of n long professional career Doctor Faison of Goldsboro lias devoted his time and energies with singular fidelity and success to the care of those dependent upon the state and patients at the State Hosnital at Goldsboro. Doctor Faison be- came assistant physician at the State Hospital in Februarv, 188.i, and from that time to the present 268 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA has been identified with its management and ad- ministration. In 1906 he was elected superintend- ent. Much of the good done by this institution and much of the credit for its splendid efficiency is due to the painstaking zeal and professional ability of Doctor Faison. He was born in Sampson County, North Caro- lina, at Pleasant Retreat, August 16, 1854, a son of William Alexander and Hattie Caroline (Wil- liams) Faison. His father was a successful planter. Doctor Faison began his career with a liberal and broad education, acquired in the Clinton Male Academy, the Carolina Military Institute and the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, from which he was graduated M. D. in March, 1878. Thus his professional career covers almost forty years. He practiced privately at Goldsboro for two years, then for two years was located in Cabarrus County, and was called from private practice to his duties in the State Hospital at Goldsboro. Doctor Faison is a member of the American Psychological Society, and his work and experience have enabled him to contribute much to the per- manent knowledge of the best methods in the treat- ment of the insane. He also belongs to the Wayne County, the Southern Medical and the North Caro- lina State Medical Societies and the American Medical Association. He is a past noble grand of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is an elder in the Presbyterian Church at Goldsboro. Doctor Faison was married June 16, 1886, to Miss Susan Virginia Faison, daughter of Col. Thomas I. Faison, of Sampson County, North Carolina. They have three sons, all now established in business for themselves. Ralph Ringold is con- nected with a large manufacturing industry at Bridgeport, Connecticut; William Alexander is manager of the Atlantic Steel Castings Company at Chester, Pennsylvania. Preston King is in the insurance business at Goldsboro. William Jasper Christian, as a soldier, busi- ness man, public spirited citizen and banker, is one of the oldest and best known of Durham 's citizens. The Christian family were pioneers in Durham County, his grandfather having located on lands in this vicinity in 1790. The Christians came to North Carolina from Virginia. William Jasper Christian was born December 13, 1839, on the site of the present Trinity College, when there was practically no Durham, no business houses, and nothing to dignify it as a town and center of trade and population. Mr. Christian is a son of Thomas and Martha (Lynn) Christian. His father was a substantial farmer for many years. William J. Christian attended some of the early subscription schools. He was a young man when the war came on, and enlisting in Company C from Durham was assigned to service in the Sixth North Carolina Infantry. He was with his command in its various marches and engagements up to the battle of Rappahannock River on December 17, 1863, where he was captured. From that time un- til the end of the war he was kept a prisoner, being confined principally on Johnson's Island in Lake Erie. He was released and arrived home on June 29, 1865. Mr. Christian served with the rank of first lieutenant. Following the war he clerked in a general mer- chandise store four years and for five years was with the firm of Rigsbee & Company. He early became identified with local polities and was elected and served 4V> years as clerk of the courts of Durham County, in 1894 was again elected and filled the office until 1898. For two years he op- erated a grist mill five miles from Durham, but since then his interests have been chiefly as a banker. He became a director of the First National Bank of Durham, which he is now serving as vice president. In 1913 he was elected president of the Merchants' Bank and immediately increased its capital from $25,000 to $50,000, and in January, 1915, the capital stock was made $100,000. It is one of the largest and best managed financial insti- tutions of Durham County. Mr. Christian erected for the exclusive home of the bank a splendid stone structure which is one of the most attractive build- ings in the business center. Mr. Christian also owns some extensive farm lands in Durham County. He has served two terms as mayor of the city and for several terms was elected to the council. His church home is the Missionary Baptist. October 22, 1866, more than half a century ago, and soon after he left the army, he married Louisa Gunter of Durham County. Six children were born to their marriage : Charles B. of Durham ; John A., a railroad engineer of Mobile, Alabama; Thomas B., who conducts a laundry at Jackson- ville, Florida ; William J., Jr., of Durham ; Eunice M., wife of J. C. Wynn, a Durham merchant; and Emma Lois. Donald MacRackan, of Whiteville, North Caro- lina, has been an active member of the North Carolina bar for more than twenty years, and has made his efforts count for most in service, to himself and to the world since taking up the law. Nearly his entire career has been passed within his native County of Columbus, where he was born June 5, 1866, a son of Robert M. and Mary (Mac- Millan) MacRackan. He is of Scotch descent on both sides. His father, who was born at Fayctte- ville, North Carolina, followed farming as his basic pursuit and at one time represented Bruns- wick County in the State Legislature. Donald MacRackan attended the public schools and Wake Forest College, and completed his legal education in the law school conducted by Dick & Dillard at Greensboro, being admitted to the bar in 1897. Since his admission to the bar he has been engaged in practice at Whiteville. Mr. MacRackan has represented his home con- stituency, being a member of the State Senate in 1915, and of the Lower House in 1907 and again in 1917, and in that body he was a mem- ber of corporation committee, public service cor- poration committee, committee on salaries and fees, of which he was chairman, and a member of many other important committees in 1907, and in 1917 was chairman of the judiciary committee. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Asso- ciation, of the Masonic Order, and is identified with the Baptist Church, and has served as trustee of its missionary organization. On December 12, 1890, Mr. MacRackan married Ada Keithan, a native of Bladen County, North Carolina. They have one daughter, Ada Amanda. John Thomas Alderman, who filled the in- terim office of superintendent of the State School for the Blind and Deaf at Raleigh during 1918, has given the best years of his life to the cause of North Carolina education. He is a member of a family of scholars and men of distinction in varidkis fields. John Thomas Alderman, whose home for many years has been at Henderson, Nor'h Carolina, was k. vibzccajiif ^2cmJCa.(sJcA^. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 269 born at Saleniburg in Sampson County June 26, 1853, son of Rev. A. B. and Pennie E. (Howard) Alderman. A brief record of Mr. Alderman 's ancestry in- dicates that he comes naturally by his profession and the talents which have brought him high and honorable station in life. John Alderman, of Ipswich, England, landed in Massachusetts in 1635 and settled at Dorchester. Various branches of the Alderman family in America trace their descent from these early settlers in New Eng- land. In England they were of the landed gen- try. William Alderman moved from Massachu- setts to Connecticut in 1670. In 1679 he mar- ried Mary Case, daughter of John Case, a wealthy citizen of Connecticut. Their son, Thomas Alder- man, of the third generation, was born January 11, 1683. In 1702 Thomas married Mary Sea- grove in East Hampton, Long Island. From there they removed to Cohansey Precinct in Salem County, New Jersey. In 1708 he and his wife signed the constitution at the organization of a Presbyterian Church in that vicinity. Thomas Alderman died August 15, 1715, leaving several children: Thomas, Mary, William and Daniel. Daniel, the youngest of these, was the great-great- grandfather of John Thomas Alderman of Hen- derson. About 1740 Daniel Alderman married Abigail Harris. They had three sons and four daugh- ters. The sons were John, Daniel and David, all of whom have descendants in North Carolina and states farther south. Daniel, a Revolutionary sol- dier, was born in 1748. He was the direct an- cestor of Dr. E. A. Alderman, now president of the University of Virginia. David was the an- cestor of the Aldermans who now live in Greens- boro, North Carolina, and in many parts of Georgia and Florida. John Alderman, great- grandfather of John Thomas, was born in 1742 and married Mary Cashwell. These sous, with their father, Daniel Alderman, left Cohansey, New Jersey, in 1755 and removed to Wilmington, North Carolina, thence going to what is now Duplin County, where they permanently loeated and where succeeding generations of the Aldermans have lived. The grandfather of John T. Alderman was John Alderman, born in 1780, whose son, Rev. A. B. Alderman, was born and reared in Duplin County. A. B. Alderman was a student in Wake- Forest College, and spent his active life in the ministry of the Baptist Church in Sampson and adjoining counties. Reverend Mr. Alderman married Pennie E. How- ard in 1851, who was born in Sampson County in 1835, daughter of Thomas and Pennie (Cooper) Howard. Pennie Cooper was a daughter of Rev. Fleet Cooper, whose signature to the ' ' resolves ' ' gives him a special interest in Revolutionary his- tory. The mother of Thomas Howard was a daughter of Capt. John Williams, who was a captain in the State Militia in the Revolutionary war. Thus John Thomas Alderman did not have to go outside his own family record to find men and women of distinction and high character as his early ideals. Most of his preparatory education was obtained at home under the direction of his father and mother. He began teaching as early as 1873 in a local school. He received his degree and was graduated from Wake Forest College in 1880. After that he taught at Salemburg in his native town, and then for ten years conducted i'orK Academy in Davie County. For eight years of tnat period lie was county superintendent of public instruction. In 1891 he removed to Reids- vilie and had charge of the city schools as su- perintendent until 1894. Mr. Alderman married in 1894 Miss Lillian Frances Watson, daughter of William and Lou Virginia Watson, of Warren County. Mrs. Alder- man has for years been prominent in the literary and civic interests of the state. She was for two years, 1905-1907, president of the State Federa- tion of Woman 's Literary Club of North Carolina. She is descended from the Wrights, Gays, and Nosworthys, of Eastern Virginia, and she is also connected with the' prominent Bowling family of Virginia. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Alderman moved to Columbus, Georgia, where Protessor Alderman was principal of the City High School until 1899. He was then called to Henderson, North Carolina, to organize the graded schools and was superintendent of the city schools there until 1917. This rounded out a period of more than forty years of educational work. Feel- ing the strain of this long service and the re- sults of close application, he retired temporarily to gain a much needed rest. He was not permit- ted to enjoy his vacation long. Upon the death of Dr. J. E. Ray, the beloved superintendent of the State School for the Blind at Raleigh, Pro- fessor Alderman, who had for many years been a member of the board of trustees of this school, was prevailed upon to take charge of the insti- tution, a responsibility he assumed in January, 1918, with the understanding that a permanent superintendent would be chosen in the summer of the same year. Professor Alderman still re- tains his home at Henderson. For years lie has been one of the leading Ma- sons of North Carolina, and may well be proud of the unstinted honors that have been bestowed upon him in that order. He took his first degrees in Mingo Lodge in Sampson County in 1874. In 1900 he transferred his lodge membership to Hen- derson Lodge, where he served as worshipful mas- ter for a number of years. He was made a mem- ber of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina and by successive elevations was promoted until in 1914 he was elected grand master of the state. In 1911 he was grand master of the Grand Coun- cil of North Carolina, and in 1913 was chosen grand high priest of the Royal Arch Masons of the state. During 1912 he served as president of the Order of High Priesthood of North Caro- lina. A Shriner, member of Soudan Temple at Newberu, he was sent as a representative to the Imperial Shrine at St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1908. In 1914 he attended a meeting composed of all the grand masters of Masons in North America, the meeting having been held in St. Louis. Mr. Alderman has been senior deacon of the Baptist Church at Henderson since 1900. In the summer of 1916 as a member of the board of the State School for the Blind he attended an inspiring gathering at Halifax, Nova Scotia, com- prising representatives of institutions for the blind from all the states and provinces in North America. Mr. and Mrs. Alderman have two children, Virginia Gay, wife of Mr. J. M. Peace, of Hen- derson; and John Thomas, Jr. Edwin A. Alderman, former president of the University of North Carolina, and a native of the 270 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA state, has for many years been regarded as one of the most brilliant and resourceful educators of the South. His high position is due to the fact that he has brought to his work not merely the formal fruits of scholarship but a breadth of understanding, a sympathy, and an administrative faculty that well qualify him for intellectual lead- ership. He was born at Wilmington, North Carolina, May 15, 1861, son of James and Susan (Corbitt) Alderman. He graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1882. Honorary degrees have been bestowed upon him by Tulane, Johns Hop- kins, Columbia, Yale, University of North Caro- lina, Williams College, Harvard University, Dart- mouth and Harvard. After leaving the State University he was su- perintendent of schools at Goldsboro four years, and then was a state lecturer on education four years. He was also professor of pedagogy in the State Normal at Greenville and from 1892 to 1896 was professor of education at the University of North Carolina, being then called to the presi- dency of that institution, where he remained un- til 1900. He was president of Tulane University at New Orleans from 1900 to 1904, and since June 14, 1904, has been president of the Univer- sity of Virginia. He has served on a number of educational boards and his career has been of special value because of his keen and interesting participation in a broad scope of affairs outside his immediate duties and responsibilities. Doc- tor Alderman is author of a brief history of North Carolina, of Southern Idealism, The Spirit of the South, Sectionalism and Nationality, The Grow- ing South, and a number of other books and con- tributions to periodical literature. In 1886 he married Emma Graves, of Hillsboro, North Carolina, who died in 1896. February 11, 1904, he married Bessie Green Hearn, of New Orleans. Bynum Hilliard Sumner is head of the well known real estate and brokerage house of Ashe- ville, B. H. Sumner & Son. He is a North Caro- lina man by birth, and his abilities and judgment have been fortified by extensive experience and travel all over the South. Mr. Sumner was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina, July 23, 1872, son of Frank Alexander and Mary (Clarke) Sumner. His father for* many years was in the general merchandise business at Asheville. The son was educated in the private school of Mary and Ellen Sawyer at Old Fort, North Carolina, under Professor Morris at Spartansburg, South Carolina, and in Rutherford College and Judson College at Hendersonville, North Carolina. With this thorough and liberal education Mr. Sumner went to work, and for several years was a. hotel clerk. Afterwards, until 1903, he was associated with his father in the dry goods business at Ashe- ville, and from 1903 to 1915 was traveling sales- man, traveling all over the Southern states, doing an excellent business for his firm and acquiring an extensive knowledge of the people and conditions in different localities. And this knowledge and experience he has utilized in many ways, since in 1915 he established himself in the real estate brokerage business at Asheville. Mr. Sumner formerly lived at Woolsey, North Carolina, and was mayor of that town. He is a member of the Asheville Board of Trade, of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and of the Travelers Protective Association. On June 12, 1895, Mr. Sumner married Miss Annie May Reynolds, daughter of Capt. F. S. H. and Katherine (Baird) Reynolds. Mrs. Sumner's father Captain Reynolds lacked only a year of finishing his course at the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia when the war between the states broke out. He immediately left school and entered the army and served all through that struggle in the capacity of physician and surgeon. Later he engaged in farming and the land trading business and was one of the most substantial operators in this part of the state. Mr. and Mrs. Sumner have four children, Theodore Bynum, Mary Katherine, Ann Louise and Alice Reynolds. The son Theodore, a partner in his father's busi- ness, is now enrolled as a soldier in the National Army with the Three Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment. John Richard Barr Adams, M. D. Represent- ing a family that has been known by its services and activities in Iredell County for more than a century and a half, the late Dr. John Richard Barr Adams was a noted country practitioner in that section, and measured by all human standards was one of the great and good men of his gen- eration. The Adams family was established in what is now Iredell County in 1764. What has usually been called in American school books the French and Indian war had been concluded only a year before the Adams family came to North Carolina. The founder of the name was James Adams, a native of the north of Ireland. Leaving that country in 1760, after a voyage of seven weeks and three days, he landed at Philadelphia and subse- quently moved to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and from there to Augusta County, Virginia. Then in 1764 he eame to old Rowan, now Iredell County, North Carolina. His early work there was as a teacher. This pioneer had a son also named James Adams, who was the father of Dr. Richard Barr Adams. James Adams, second, married Amelia Barr. John Richard Barr Adams was born April 7, 1820, in what was then known as Liberty Neigh- borhood in Sharpesburg Township, Iredell County. He was educated in the common schools and in Davidson College, entering the latter institution in 1837, the second year after it was founded. After four years of Davidson he went to Alabama, taught school near Selma and also began reading medicine. His medical education was finished in the University of New York, where he graduated in 1844. Returning to his native state he began practice at what was called County Line at the eastern edge of Iredell County, and in 1849 moved to another locality in the eastern part of the county, Cool Spring. Here he continued his work as a country physician, taking long rides and endur- ing all the hardships and trials of practice until October, 1890. Giving up his profession, he re- moved to Statesville, where he died June 9, 1901. He had practiced medicine forty-five or six years, and no amount of statistics could properly estimate the value of his services. He was also active in civic and religious mat- ters. In 1851-52 he represented Iredell County in the House of Commons. Early in life he united with the Presbyterian Church, and in 1854 was elected a ruling elder of the Fifth Creek Presby- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 271 terian Church. He was one of its most liberal contributors and stanch supporters. Outside of his profession one of his strongest interests was the matter of local history. He knew personally or by his researches all the more prominent characters of his section of the state and came to be regarded as a storehouse of historical wisdom. Mary Elizabeth Graeey, who died in 1913, was his wife. She was educated at the famous Salem Academy, and her children, of whom there were nine, seven still living, knew and loved her as one of the finest types of womanhood and motherhood. The Graeey family has been identified with this part of North Carolina even longer than the Adamses, since the year 1752. It was founded by Patrick Graeey, a native of the north of Ireland, who brought his family to Xorth Carolina in 1752, locating in what is now Iredell County. His son, Capt. Robert Graeey, grandfather of Mary Elizabeth, was a gallant officer in the Revolution- ary war, serving with the rank of captain in the Xorth Carolina troops. His body is buried in the cemetery of Old Bethany Church north of States- ville. Capt. Robert Graeey was born and reared at Cool Springs, about eleven miles east of States- ville. Mary Elizabeth Graeey was the daughter of James Barnet and Clementine (Hall) Graeey. Her mother was a niece of the famous Dr. James Hall, reference to whom is made in a sketch of the Hall family of Iredell County found on other pages. Minor Revere Adams, M. D., son of the late Dr. John Richard Barr Adams elsewhere referred to, was born at Cool Springs in Iredell County Oc- tober 14, 1854. After a good preliminary educa- tion he studied medicine in the University of Mary- land, graduating in 1878. His post-graduate work was done in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College and in the Xew York Polyclinic. After gradua- tion he practiced one year at Cool Springs, for two years was physician for the Ore Knob Copper Com- pany in Ashe County, and in 188-1 located per- manently at Statesville. For many years he served as superintendent of public health and is now city physician. He has been vice president of the Xorth Carolina State Medical Society, is now counselor for that society for the Tenth District, and is a member of the County Medical Society and the American Medical Association. In busi- ness affairs Doctor Adams is a director of the First Xational Bank and of the Statesville Cotton Mills. Like his father and other ancestors he is a Presby- terian and an elder in his home church. Doctor Adams married Miss Lulu M. Rhyne. Her father was the late Hugh T. Rhyne of Rhyne Station, Mecklenburg County. Doctor and Mrs. Adams have two children : Sarah Graeey and Minor Revere. George D. Elliot. There are, doubtless, among the older residents of Harnett County those who remember well the magnificent estate, the home of the Elliots, long known as Ellerslie Plantation and can recall its former greatness and gracious hospitality. There many of the Elliots were born, including the present head of the family, George D. Elliot, an extensive and successful cotton planter near Linden, and the destruction of this fine property during the dire years of war is one of the unforgotten calamities of the time. The Elliot family has long been a foremost one in Harnett County and was founded here by George Elliot, the paternal grandfather of George D. Elliot. George D. Elliot was born at Ellerslie, on the Little River, in the extreme southern part of Harnett County, Xorth Carolina, in 1851. His parents were Col. Alexander and Jane (Evans) Elliot. His grandfather, George Elliot, was born in Scotland, in 1755, and came to the American colonies when a young man, before the Revolu- tionary war, and settled in Harnett County at the place that subsequently was known so long and well as Ellerslie Plantation. He was a son of Henry Elliot, of Peel, an estate in the shire of Dumfries. The Scotch Elliots trace their ancestry in direct line to an Elliot of Xormandy, who was an officer of distinguished rank under William the Conqueror, who, because of an act of chivalry and devotion to William, on the occasion of that monarch 's landing on English soil had added to his coat of arms ' ' Fortiter et reste. ' ' Another mem- ber of this family was General Elliot, who was the defender of Gibraltar during the four years of siege, beginning in 1782, and for this feat of arms was created Lord Heatherfield. Military prowess marked the family in later years in America. Henry Elliot, the eldest son of George Elliot, mentioned above, served in the War of 1812, and his son, Alexander Elliot, held a com- mission in the Confederate Army during the war between the states and was mortally wounded while leading a charge in battle. George Elliot, the grandfather of George D. Elliot, after settling at Ellerslie, engaged in the lumber business and later became a very exten- sive planter and large slave owner. His enter- prise and activities yielded him fortune and, im- mersed as he was in large affairs, he ever demon- strated a broad, generous and liberal spirit. He spent large sums in educating his children. In 1790 he married Mary Turner and they had eight children, and four of his sons, including the late Col. Alexander Elliot, father of George D., were educated in the University of North Carolina. The latter, after the death of his father, lived with his widowed mother and inherited the ances- tral home. Colonel Elliot was a student, a scholar, a man of genuine culture, and his home, Ellerslie, reflected in its atmosphere the refinements that such a character gives to surroundings. For many years before the war between the states he had been a colonel in the Xorth Carolina state militia. In January, 18-47, he was married to Miss Jane Evans. Although too young for military service during the war, Mr. Elliot, because of his robust figure and manly appearance, frequently found himself uncomfortably conspicuous when the Federal troops were on their war march through Harnett County. He grew up under hard conditions be- cause of the state of the country at that time, when both educational and industrial opportunities were largely lacking. More credit, therefore, be- longs to Mr. Elliot because of his courage and enterprise in accepting circumstances at first as they were and changing them through his own efforts as rapidly as possible, calling to his assist- ance the old indomitable spirit of his ancestors. About the time he came of age, he took eharge of the family home, which he had assisted to re- habilitate, and continued to live there until 1893. Mr. Elliot then bought land about ten miles below Ellerslie, at Little River, a mile and a half east of the present town of Linden, Harnett 272 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA County, and continued to buy adjacent tracts and thus built up a line plantation that now contains about 650 acres. He named the new home Linden, and from his place the town lying on the Raleigh & Southport Railroad took its name. In addition to Linden, Mr. Elliot owns other farms and lands in this section. He has become one of the most successful cotton planters in North Carolina, hav- ing had cotton experience since early youth, and thoroughly understands this business from the planting of the seed to the marketing. His ex- perience covers the interval between the time when only the primitive plow was thought to be the only necessary tool in the cotton field, on down to the present when entirely new methods are in vogue and modern tools and machinery are used in cotton cultivation. Mr, Elliot is a practical busi- ness man and has systematized his industries according to rules he has made for his own direc- tion and has found them highly advantageous. He never sells his entire yield of cotton and thus always has on hand a considerable stock with which to take advantage of a favorable market change. Mr. Elliot was married to Miss Cornelia Mc- Neill, and they have the following children: Nellie, who is the wife of E. S. Yarborough; Alexander; Mary, who is the wife of Henry M. London; and George Douglas, Eunice, Henry and Emily. Mrs. Elliot was born on her father's planta- tion, Mill Grove, in Harnett County, situated about five miles above Linden. Her parents were John and Roxaua (Worth) McNeill, the latter of whom was the eldest daughter of former Governor Jona- than Worth, and through, this connection has kindred in many of the historic families of the state. The McNeills, like the Elliots, are of true Scotch ancestry. Her grandfather, known as ' ' Bed ' ' John McNeill as a distinguishing name, was an extensive land owner and had many slaves. Her father, also named John, was designated "Pious" John McNeill, because of his religious principles and his strict adherence to them. Mr. Elliot erected a stately mansion at Linden and in this beautiful home old-time hospitality prevails and kindred and friends gladly gather here. Charles Oakley Robinson. Prominent in the younger generation of successful business men at Elizabeth City, North Carolina, is Charles Oakley Robinson, known all through Eastern North Car- olina in the wholesale dry goods and notion trade. In his firm grasp of business problems Mr. Rob- inson has proved the value of the educated young man in trade. Charles 0. Robinson was born at Elizabeth City, January 26, 1888, and is a son of Charles H. and Mary (Leigh) Robinson. His father has been one of the city 's upbuilding men for many years, and his mother belongs to one of the old and ex- clusive families of the state. Mr. Robinson was afforded both social and edu- cational advantages as he grew to manhood. He was a student in a military school for some years and then entered the University of North Caro- lina, from which he was graduated in 1910, and shortly afterward entered his father 's wholesale house, which has long been operated here under the style of The C. H. Robinson Company, it be- ing one of the pioneers in the wholesale trade. Mr. Robinson has thoroughly identified himself with the business and in such a manner as to se- cure the confidence of his fellow merchants and the business world generally. Additionally he is vice president of the Elizabeth City Cotton Mills, is a director of the Elizabeth City Knitting Mills, the First National Bank, and also is a director of the Savings Bank & Trust Company, of Elizabeth City. Mr. Robinson was married November 11, 1913, to Miss Ivy Blades, of Newbern, North Carolina. She is a daughter of William B. Blades, promi- nent in the lumber industry. Mr. and Mrs. Rob- inson have two children: Charles Oakley and Wil- liam Blades. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson attend the Episcopal Church of which Mr. Robinson is a ves- tryman. He is prominent in Masonry, a Knight Templar, and belongs also to the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Robinson is also an Elk, and in both orders is highly regarded because of his honorable princi- ples and his genial and agreeable personality. Charles Taylor Rawls. One of the men who have contributed largely to making Asheville a modern city is Hon. Charles Taylor Rawls, who has been identified with many important interests here for the last thirty-five years, has been mayor of the city, and deserves the title of ' ' father of the water-works, ' ' bestowed by his greatf ul fellow citizens. Charles Taylor Rawls was born at Union in Union County, South Carolina, August 23, 1854. His parents were Dr. Benjamin F. and Mary (Rice) Rawls, the former of whom for many years was a prominent physician at Columbia, South Carolina, and the name is well known all over the state. After careful preparation in private schools and by tutors Charles T. Rawls entered Wofford College and continued there as a student until he was graduated in 1875, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Application to the study of law followed and in 1881 he was graduated from the law depart- ment of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennes- see, with his degree. He returned then to Union, where he engaged in the practice of his profession for two years and then, in 1883, came to Ashe- ville, and this was an equally important event in his life and that of the city. He embarked in the real estate and insurance business here and con- tinued it as an individual business for the succeed- ing ten years. In 1893 he associated himself with Judge E. J. Ashton, who was the oldest business man in this line in the city, having established him- self here in real estate and insurance right after the close of the war between the states in 1865. The new firm soon so expanded its activities, largely through Mr. Rawls ' progressive methods, that for a time his every effort was required in its direction and adjustment and he even found it necessary to resign from other business connec- tions, including the directorate of two banks, the American National and the Battery Park Banks, for some time afterward giving his entire atten- tion to insurance. In the meanwhile, because of his demonstration of public spirit and proof of business capacity, Mr. Rawls became a very popular citizen and he was elected mayor, serving in that office from May, 1903, until May, 1905. When he took over the office it was with the intention of bringing municipal affairs to a thoroughly well organized business basis, and as a beginning he determined to settle the matter during his administration of public utilities. Delegating the work to no one, Mayor Rawls went himself to Raleigh and secured from the Legislature the passage of the bill to cp Jtr^w^fcc*^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 273 permit the installation of water-works and the present admirable system, known as the Gravity Water Works, was duly installed and now pays to the city the handsome sum of $60,000 annually. Other public improvements of great importance to the health, comfort and safety of the city came to completion during his administration. Since retiring from public office to find time to devote to his large business interests, Mr. Rawls has neg- lected no opportunity to advance the city 's interests still further, lending his influence to all worthy enterprises and affording advice founded on experience. He is a valued member of the Asheville Board of Trade. Mr. Rawls was married October 3, 1909, to Miss Sarah Spence Rorison, who belongs to a prominent old family of Xorth Carolina. They have one son, born October 13, 1913, who has been given his father 's honored name. As a prominent and representative citizen, Mr. Rawls has served in many public capacities, on boards and commissions, at meetings and in con- ventions, being one of the first at all times to head relief movements in times of public calamity but, at the same time, never being forgetful of the needs of the benevolent agencies in his own com- munity. Personally Mr. Rawls is very companion- able and is valued in numerous fraternal bodies to which he belongs and the stranger finds that his pride in Asheville and what she is accomplish- ing, through the united efforts of her able citi- zens, is entirely justifiable. Franklin" McXeill. By a large and varied practice in all the courts of Xorth Carolina during a period of more than forty years, by his service in various positions of trust and responsibility, and by his many business interests, Franklin Mc- Xeill would readily be accepted on any basis of judgment as one of the foremost citizens of Xorth Carolina. He was born in Scotland County, Xorth Carolina, January 4, 1850, a son of Maj. John and Eliza- beth ( Buchanan i McXeill. His father was a farmer and planter. The son was reared during the troublous times of the Civil war decade, but none the less was given good advantages both at home and in school. He attended Davidson Col- lege two years and then studied law in the Uni- versity of Virginia and under Chief Justice R. M. Pearson. He was admitted to the bar in Jan- uary, 1873, and since then has seldom allowed any interests to interfere with his private practice, ex- cept during the time he was chairman of the cor- poration commission. He practiced for some years at Lumberton, later at Rockingham in Richmond Countv. then at Wilmington, and since January, 1913, 'at Raleigh. Mr. McXeill was elected in 1899 and served as chairman of the corporation commission until 1913, and for two terms, eight years, he held the office of solicitor of the Seventh Judicial District, com- prising eisrht counties. He was elected to that office in 1886. He has long been one of the lead- ing democrats of the state. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Raleigh and is a trustee of the Peace Institute. Aside from his professional interests Mr. Mc- Xeill has kept himself in close touch with the agri- cultural situation in his native state, and he is the owner of some progressive farms in Scotland, Wake and Cumberland counties. On August 2, 1882. Mr. McXeill married Miss Jennie Elliott, of Cumberland County. Vol. v— 18 Hon. John Edgar Fowler. A lawyer of many prominent connections at Clinton, and well known over the state, John Edgar Fowler has figured prominently in public affairs, is a former Con- gressman, and in many ways has used his influence for the good of the community of Xorth Carolina in general. His parents were farmers in Sampson County ami he was born on their place September 8, 1866, son of Miles Batey and Mary (Herring) Fowler. Mr. Fowler was educated in the public schools, the Salem High School, and from there entered Wake Forest College. After his literary course he took up the study of law in the Univer- sity of Xorth Carolina, and was admitted to the bar in 1894. In twenty-three years he has built up an extensive practice at Clinton, and his suc- cessful work in connection with important litiga- tion has made his name increasingly known over the state. Mr. Fowler was elected a member of the State Senate in 1895 and served one term. He was elected as a member of the Fifty-fifth Congress and served with credit in that body. During 1905- 06 he was a member of the Xorth Carolina House of Representatives,- and outside of his work as a legislator he has done much for the benefit of other institutions. He is a trustee of the State Xormal School by appointment from Governor Carr and is a former president of the Sampson County Fair Association. In 1916 he was presidential elector at large from Xorth Carolina. He is member of the Xorth Carolina Bar Association and the Masonic Order. The First Xational Bank of Gastonia is a financial institution that has been maintained and has wrought its service and influence into the inner fabric of the life and industries of its home city. It was established when Gastonia was a humble and unpretentious village, and it has grown with the expansion of its environment un- til the bank is now chief among the institutions of one of the leading cotton manufacturing cities of Xorth Carolina. The bank has proved the finan- cial bulwark of the large industries that surround it and at the same time has given its service and accommodation without discrimination to all the people. It is one of the strongest banks in the South, w-ith a capital stock of $150,000, surplus of $150,- 000 and deposits aggregating above $1,500,000. Its officers and directors are men not only of financial weight and importance but are active, energetic business men of Gastonia, closely iden- tified with the commercial and industrial affairs of the city and county. There is no dead timber in the bank and its personnel and resources are as substantial as the structure in which it is housed. The president of the bank is Mr. L. L. Jenkins, the vice president is J. Lee Robinson, and the cashier Mr. Samuel X. Boyce. Mr. Boyce and Mr. J. Lee Robinson are the active managers of the institution and two of the most widely known bankers of the state. In August, 1917, the First Xational Bank moved into its new home, a magnificent seven story office building on Main Avenue adjoining the Fed- eral Building. This structure is a splendid ex- ample of modern commercial architecture and mod- ern construction. It is not only a very beautiful building but of the most durable and substantial material. As the most imposing piece of archi- tecture in Gastonia and one of the finest in the 274 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA state, it is appropriate to tell something of this building, and for that purpose the architects, the firm of Wilson & Sompayrac of Columbia, South Carolina, have furnished data from which the following descriptive paragraphs are taken. The building, occupying a lot 30 by 100 feet depth, is seven stories in height, of very simple lines, with chaste, well placed detail, and while by no means ornate or striking fits in with its environment in a most natural and pleasing man- ner. The base is of white granite, the first story limestone, and the upper stories of fire flashed buff brick with terra cotta trimmings. The gen- eral color scheme is one of quiet harmony within itself and with its surroundings rather than of striking contrast, so that the building seems to have grown on this spot and to belong there. There is a full basement under the entire build- ing. The ground floor and rear mezzanine are occupied entirely by the bank. The top floor is occupied by the Gastonia Commercial Club, while the intermediate floors above the banking room are divided into handsome offices. The building is of a high type of fireproof con- struction, with a steel skeleton frame thoroughly protected with masonry. The floor and roof slabs are of reinforced concrete and the partitions of gypsum block and hollow tile. The building is also protected by a standpipe connected with the city mains and also with a connection for steam fire engine in the street. In recognition of the high class construction and equipment, a lower insurance rate has been obtained than upon any other building in the Carolinas. The plumbing and sanitary arrangements are of the highest class, the heating is by steam with automatic con- trol of temperature, and the illumination is by electricity, chiefly from semi-indirect fixtures. The private offices of the bank are elaborately finished in beautifully figured mahogany and with polished parquetry floors. The directors ' room on the mezzanine floor has the walls paneled to the full height in mahogany, a deeply paneled plaster ceiling and polished parquetry floor. This room also contains a large open fireplace, with dull blue tile facing and mahogany mantel, and the center of this room is occupied by a massive directors ' table of carved mahogany. The banking room is of the full width of the building and extends from the entrance vestibule and elevators to a depth of about fifty feet and is two stories in height. It is beautiful and artistic in the extreme. The floor is of Tennessee marble with a gray field and deep brown border. The walls are lined to a height of sixteen feet with highly polished Famosa marble, finishing with an imposing cornice. The bank counter, check desks and settees are of the same material. Famosa marble is of a soft light golden brown tone, very richly figured and takes a beautiful polish. This marble comes from Germany and has been used in this country only in the most expensive buildings. The bank was fortunate in finding in New York just enough for this build- ing, and no more will be. available until after the war. The slabs at the cashiers' and tellers' win- dows are made of a rare Belgium marble of al- most black tint, there being plainly visible on the surface of the slabs various small and quaint outlines of stars, quarter moons and other stel- lar objects. How Nature provided these myster- ious designs in this enduring marble cannot be conjectured. The ceiling is of vaulted arches, beautifully executed in Caen stone. In one of the Caen stone wall panels opposite the entrance and twenty feet above the floor is a handsome clock with a three-foot dial of Greek Skyros marble and hands and numerals of bronze. The bank screen is an airy, but rich, design executed in east bronze with bevelled plate glass panels. The principal lighting of this room is indirect from bulbs and reflectors concealed behind the cornice, but there are six elaborate semi-direct chandeliers, well disposed both for illumination and architec- tural effects. Immediately back of the banking room are three vaults, two of which are burglar proof, with one and a half inch linings of five ply chrome steel and doors twelve inches thick with combination and time locks. The money vault is equipped with heavy steel locks, one of which is burglar proof, and the safe deposit vault with 500 steel lock boxes of various sizes. The approach to the bank and elevators from Main Avenue is through a handsome revolving door of bronze and plate glass and a vestibule elaborately finished in the same -rich marble as that in the banking room. Samuel N. Boyce, cashier of the First Na- tional Bank of Gastonia, and active manager of the institution which is one of the most substan- tial of its kind in that part of the state, has for many years been identified with business affairs. He was born in Gaston County in 1865, a son of Rev. E. E. and Rachel (MeElwee) Boyce. His father, who died in 1902, was a lifelong minister of the Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church. Forty-three years of his ministry were given to one charge, Pisgah Church in Gaston County. This is an historic church and the oldest in Gas- ton County. Reverend Mr. Boyce was a member of one of the old Scotch-Irish families of Mecklen- burg County and was born in that county near Charlotte, but from early youth his home was in Gaston County. He was educated in Washing- ton and in Jefferson College in Virginia and en- tered the ministry of the Associate Reformed Pres- byterian Church when a young man. Boyce Memorial Church at King's Mountain was named in his honor. His life was one of singular purity of character and of utmost devotion to his fellow men and the cause of religion. He ministered unto others with a consistency of purpose and a loftiness of ideal that made him one of the most beloved of men. And while his life belonged to the church and his fellow men, it is remark- able, notwithstanding the meager salaries paid old time ministers, that he reared a fine family of six children and sent four of them through college. Samuel N. Boyce acquired most of his educa- tion in Captain Bell 's famous military school at King's Mountain. On le: ving school- he took up a business career as bookkeeper in the Mauney Brothers store at King's Mountain, and later worked in a similar capacity for Brown & Wed- dington Hardware Company at Charlotte. For two years he was connected with a cotton firm at Greenville, South Carolina, and following that he took charge of the offices of the McAden Mills at McAdenville in Gaston County, and had a responsible part in that industrial institution until after eleven years he was called into the service of the First National Bank at Gastonia. He en- tered this bank in 1900, and by promotion rose to his present position as cashier and active man- ager. HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 'ito Mr. Boyce is married and he and his wife have a family of children in wnom they can properly take much pride. Kathleen, the oldest, is the wife of P. W. Garland. James S. Boyce, the oldest son, is now secretary and treasurer of the Na- tional Realty Company. Ruth is the wife of R. G. Rankin and Lucy the wife of C. D. Welch. The youngest son, Capt. E. E. Boyce, twenty-one years old, is with the National Army as captain of Field Artillery and saw active service on the Mexican border before entering training for the present World war. Robert Edgar Currence. Entirely apart from any personal interest he may have in such enter- prises except that general prosperity means indi- vidual opportunity, every intelligent^ thinking, sensible man knows well that closely related to the financial institutions in a community is the latter 's growth and development. In fact, largely on the banking facilities rests the entire fabric of com- mercial prosperity. From the beginning of its history Asheville has had its financial institutions and many honorable names have been identified with them through all the passing years and age, and solidity still claim confidence. But, in a rapidly expanding section such as Asheville has become more banks are needed so that the increas- ing volume of business may be expedited, and recognition of this condition led to the organiza- tion of the Southern State Bank, of which Robert Edgar Currence, of wide banking experience, is president. * Robert Edgar Currence was born on his father 's estate in York County, South Carolina, January 2, 1885. His parents are James Franklin and Lorenna Bars (Adams) Currence. He attended the public schools in York County and his entrance into business was as a clerk in a railroad office at Gastonia, North Carolina. Later he became identified with the Southern Cotton Oil Company in a clerical capacity and continued with that import-ant business organization for three years. He then entered the First National Bank of Gas- tonia as bookkeeper, and for three years remained with that institution. About this time Mr. Currence came to Asheville and shortly afterward entered the American Na- tional Bank as assistant cashier, in which capacity he proved an efficient ollicial and made many friends among the bank 's patrons. Having a laudable ambition, however, to get into business for himself, and recognizing the favorable op- portunity then offered at Asheville, Mr. Currence became the prime mover in the organization of the Southern State Bank in 1014. Of this insti- tution he served as cashier until 1916, when he was elected president. Well organized, with a large amount of available capital interested and most efficiently officered, this institution already has become a prominent business factor and is ranked with the most stable financial institutions in the state. Mr. Currence was married June 1, 1911, to Miss Civile Smith, who was born at Marion in Marion County, South Carolina, belonging to an old and prominent family of that section. Mr. and Mrs. Currence have four children, namely: Robert Franklin, Eugene Edgar, Harvey Nathaniel and Martha Lorenna. While markedly diligent in business, Mr. Cur- rence finds time to give attention also to civic affairs and social interests, fulfiling every obli- gation with the care and sincerity that character- izes his business life. He has long been identified with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has reached the Thirty-Second degree, and is past master of Mt. Hermon Lodge No. 118, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, at Asheville. Felix M. McKay. Harnett County, North Caro- lina, suffers from no lack of substantial and able men and one who takes a prominent place among these is Hon. Felix M. McKay, formerly a mem- ber of the State Legislature, manager of the famous Erwin farm, and a member of the Harnett County Exemption Board. Felix M. McKay was born at Old Summerville in Harnett County, North Carolina, June 4, 1865. His parents were Neill and Josephine (Cranor) McKay. His paternal grandfather was Archibald McKay, who was a brother of the noted Presby- terian minister, Rev. Dr. Neill McKay, famous for his scholarship and for his interest and en- dowment of Davidson College, which continues a noted seat of learning. The McKays are of High- land Scotch stock who were pioneers in the Cape Fear country in North Carolina. Neill McKay, father of Felix M. McKay, was an eminent lawyer in Harnett County and he engaged in the practice of law all his life although he lived on his plantation and overlooked his farm indus- tries. For several years he was solicitor for the Superior Court in the judicial district that em- braced Harnett County. His death occurred before his son Felix M. reached manhood. Felix M. McKay was thirteen years old when his father bought and developed, a plantation, Raven Rock, situated nine miles above Lillington, and here he remained after the death of his father, giving his mother assistance in caring for several younger children. His education was obtained in the Jonesboro High School and Old Summerville Academy, the latter being then under the presi- dency of Col. J. A. Cameron, one of the finest edu- cators of his day. In his early twenties Mr. McKay ventured into the mercantile business at Angier, and the enterprise proved successful under his management. Intelligently interested in polities from early manhood, Mr. McKay in 1894 was elected on the republican ticket to the office of clerk of the Supe- rior Court of Harnett County and served four years. In 1901 W. A. Erwin of Durham, North Carolina, completed his plans for establishing a large, modern cotton mill and the building of a mill village in the southeast part of Harnett County, the new town to be called Duke. Upon Mr. Erwin 's advice, Mr. McKay came to the site of the new town and established the first postoffice on October 21, 1901, and has lived here ever since, purchasing land near Duke and engaging in farm- ing. He served as postmaster of the village from 190.1 until 1914. In the republican landslide of the latter year he was elected to the State Legislature, with a majority of 373 votes over his democratic opponent, the highest majority ever recorded by a candidate of his party in the county. His public services at Raleigh were creditable in every way. In December, 1917, he was appointed a member of the exemption board of the county, and its chair- man, and in this as in every other public office with which he has been entrusted his duties are well understood and faithfully performed. In November, 1900, Mr. McKay was married to Miss Mary Green, of Lillington, and they have 276 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA three children : Stewart Green, who is a student in Fishburn Military Academy, at Waynesboro; and Mary and Neill. During the years that Mr. McKay has lived at Duke he has acted as agent for Mr. Erwin in the purchase of lands and has attended to the clearing of the same. One of these properties is the famous Erwin farm at Duke, containing about 1,200 acres, which is considered one of the finest and most productive in the South. His agricultural enter- prises include two experimental farms which are large producers of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, fine stock, fruit and poultry. On December 1, 1916, Mr. Erwin appointed Mr. McKay superintendent of his farming interests, a position that he is filling with his usual ability and success while addition- ally carrying on his own farm activities. Rutus Young McPherson chose his vocation in life at an early age. He entered the life insur- ance field in December, "1892, and for years has stood among the foremost representatives of that business in the entire state of North Carolina. His position among his associates is well indicated by the fact that he has served as president of the North Carolina Underwriters Association. Mr. McPherson' was born in Mooresville, North Carolina, December 25, 1867, a son of Robert and Jane E. (Templeton) McPherson. His father spent many years in the flour milling business. Mr. McPherson attended private schools in his early youth, and in 1890 was graduated from Davidson College. His first occupation on leaving school was teaching, but after three years he took up the work for which his talents and inclinations best fitted him, and he has given every one of the subsequent twenty-three years in the vigorous and successful prosecution of his work. Hi January, 1909, Mr. McPherson established or became the general agent in North Carolina for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, and his firm of McPherson & Barnes now constitutes one of the leading agencies in the state. His business as- sociate is Rowlet E. Barnes. Mr. McPherson is a member of the Capital and Country clubs of Raleigh, the Y. M. C. A., the Chamber of Commerce, the Knights of Pythias, he is a democrat in politics, and is a deacon in the First Presbyterian Church. In April, 1904, he married Miss Helen C. Prim- rose, of Raleigh. They became the parents of four children: Rufus Alexander, William Primrose, Primrose, and a daughter, Helen, now deceased. Aldrich Henry Vann was graduated from the University of North Carolina with the class of 1902, and since then has been a man of rising- prominence in the milling industries of Franklin County. He is secretary and treasurer of the Sterling Cotton Mills Company, president of the Sterling Stores Company, and vie- president of the Franklin Lumber & Power Company. These various industries require the services of 300, and their welfare and happiness have been care- fully safeguarded by Mr. Vann. He was born at Franklinton, North Carolina, the town which is still his home. May 10. 1880, a son of Samuel Cannaday and Bettie Blanch (Henley) Vann. He grew up there and was edu- cated in the public schools before entering the State University. Mr. Vann is a Knight Tem- plar Mason and Shriner, member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon college fraternity, and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, at Frank- linton. November 14, 1912, he married Elizabeth Mc- Donald Dixon, of Edenton, North Carolina. They have two children : Sarah Dixon and Elizabeth Fiances. Frederick Delmar Hamrick. In the fifteen years since he began practice at Rutherfordton, Frederick Delmar Hamrick has justified the ex- pectations of all his friends and well wishers in the ] rof ession and has attained rank and dignity among the able lawyers of the North Carolina bar. He was born on his father 's farm in Cleveland County, North Carolina, April 12, 1880, a son of James Youngi and Kaaisas (Byers) Hamrick. His father in addition to his vocation as a farmer has been a figure in state affairs and for four years was commissioner of labor and mining for North Carolina. The son had a public school education and finished with the literary and law course of Wake Forest College in 1902. Admitted to the bar, he began practice in Cleveland County and remained there from January, 1903 to 1907. Since the latter date his home has been at Ruther- fordton. Besides a splendid general practice he is attorney for the C. C. & O. Railway and for the Seaboard Air Line. Mr. Hamrick is a mem- ber of the State Bar Association, belongs to the Baptist. Church and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. December 12, 1906, he married Natalie Rose Harris, member of a prominent family of Vir- ginia. Her old home was Fredericks Hall. She is a daughter of Nathaniel Claybrook and Rose Virginia (Pettit) Harris. Her paternal grand- father, N. W. Harris, was a tobacco manufacturer. Her maternal grandfather, Col. W. B. Pettit, was an attorney by profession and served as a member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention in 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Hamrick have two children : Fred- erick Delmar, Jr., and James Nathaniel. William Preston Holt, M., D. The work with which Dr. Holt has been most prominently iden- tified in a public way in North Carolina is as physician and sanitarian at Duke, the model man- ufacturing town of Harnett County. Doctor Holt located there in 1904 at the request of Mr. W. A. Erwin of Durham, who desired that Dr. Holt take charge of the medical and sanitary work at Erwin Mill No. 2, then in course of construction. Mr. Erwin built this mill and practically built the entire town of Duke. Duke is justly famed as one of tlie model mill towns of the South. From the health standpoint too much praise cannot be given to Dr. Holt 's services. Now as never before in the history of' the world it is recognized that the efficiency of the workers is as much dependent upon sanitary and wholesome housing conditions as upon the environment, in which the working hours are spent. From the first Dr. Holt recog- nized this relationship and exerted his influence wisely and tactfully to obtain appropriate material conditions and educate the people to a proper use of them. Dr. Holt conducts a large general practice not only among the mill people but over a large radius of surrounding country. The Duke Hos- pital, which was built and is maintained under his supervision, though a small institution, is one of the model hospitals of the South and is fully HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA it i equipped for all medical and surgical eases. While it is very high praise, it is only the expression of the conviction of some of Dr. Holt 's contempo- raries that he is one of the most skillful, talented and successful physicians in the state. His family position and the environment of his entire life serves to account in part at least for his successful attainments. Dr. Holt was born in Durham, then a part of Orange County, North Carolina, in 1869, a son of Dr. Edwin Michael and Nannie (Parker) Holt. His grandfather, Isaac Holt, was a cousin to the noted Edwin Michael Holt whose name figures so pre-eminently in the industrial history of North Carolina. The Holt family comes from Alamance County, and the senior Edwin Michael Holt was the founder of the cotton mill industry of North Carolina, building the old Alamance Mill at Burlington, in which the colored cotton fabrics in the South were woven. Dr. Edwin Michael Holt, a native of Alamanee County, moved from there to what is now Dur- ham County/ when it was a part of Orange County. He went there when a young man to take up the practice of his profession, and for more than half a eentury was busily engaged with a practice that came from a large scope of country. He was born in 1831 and died in 1913, at, the age of eighty-two. His wife, Nannie (Par- ker) Holt, also deceased, was closely related to Judge William P. Mangum, North Carolina 's dis- tinguished United States Senator of ante-bellum days. It was in honor of this maternal ancestor 's son, William Preston Mangum, that Dr. William Preston Holt was named. His father 's home in Durham County was the Plat River section, and was one of the notable country homes of that region, his father being a planter as well as a physician. It was on that farm that Dr. Holt was born and there he grew to manhood. Most of his education was acquired in Oak Ridge In- stitution, a. school that was founded by another branch of the Holt family. His medical prepara- tion was made in Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1895. Returning home, he practiced with his father until 1904, when he removed to his present home at Duke in Harnett County. Dr. Holt is a member in good standing of the County, State and South- ern Medical Societies, is a member of the Metho- dist Church and a director of the Bank of Harnett at Duke. He married Miss Elizabeth Holman, daughter of S. W. Holman, of Durham County. Their two children are William Preston, Jr., and Elizabeth Whitney Holt. Victor Silas Bryant. One of the best known attorneys of the Durham County bar bears the name Victor Silas Bryant, who has been engaged in the practice of law for over a quarter of a century. Not only does he possess the respect and confidence of the bench and bar of Durham County, but the unqualified regard of a numerous clientage, whose interests he has faithfully struggled to protect and whose rights no other honorable advo- cate could have better preserved. Mr. Bryant is a native of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, where he was born December 10, 1867, a son of Henry and Julia S. (Parks) Bryant. His father was a merchant and planter. The son was educated in the Carolina Academy in Meck- lenberg County, finished his literary education in the Universitv of North Carolina in 1890 and his law course in the same school in 1891. In October of the latter year he began practice at Roxboro, but since July, 1895, his home has been in Dur- ham. He has been an active member of several of the best known law partnerships in the city during the last twenty years. He was first a partner with R. B. Boone under the name Boone & Bryant until 1900. It then became Boone, Bryant & Biggs. The partnership was dissolved in 1902, at which time Mr. Bryant formed a partnership with R. W. Winston. In 1909 he established the present firm of Bryant & Brogden, his associate being W. J. Brogden. Mr. Bryant has long been prominently identified with public education. He served as a member of the Durham City School Board, and since 1901 has been one of the trustees of the University of North Carolina, and for seven years member of its executive committee. In 1912 he was elected a member of the State Senate from Durham County. Mr. Bryant is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, has been identified with the Com- monwealth Club since its organization, is a director of the Fidelity Bank of Durham, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. December S, 1897, he married Matilda Dewey Harrt, daughter of Ma.-j. Leo D. Harrt. They have four children: Victor Silas, Jr., a student in the University of North Carolina; Leo Harrt, who is also in the university; Matilda Parks, in the Dur- ham High School; and Julia Dewey. Raymond Abner Smith, A. M., B. D., has been prominently identified with the ministry of the Christian Church since 1900, was pastor of several large churches in Philadelphia and Indianapolis and since 1916 has been president and professor of education in the Atlantic Christian College at Wilson. The City of Wilson is ideally situated as a center of institutions of higher education. As a city it is not too large to distract the attention of the students from their proper work and at the same time it is large enough to afford the advantages that go with the larger centers. Thus it was with appropriate wisdom that the North Carolina Christian Missionary Convention chose this city as the seat of the Atlantic Christian College. The convention endorsed the action of its committee on education for the purchase of the old Kinsey Seminary at Wilson in the meet- ing at Kinston, North Carolina, in October and November, 1901. The board of managers of the convention were appointed agents to acquire the college property and the Atlantic Christian Col- lege was incorporated May 1, 1902, with Mr. George Hackney of Wilson as treasurer of the college. The building was taxed to its full capac- ity with students at the opening of the school in September, 1902. By 1911 the bonded in- debtedness on the college property was paid off, and in the same year a modern brick dormitory was erected on the campus at a cost of about $15,000. The payment of the bonded debt made accessible the "W. N. and Orpah Hackney Memorial Fund," which had been bequeathed "for the education of worthy young men and women.'' In 1914 the college acquired a large farm of 672 acres in Onslow County. The campus in the northern part of Wilson contains about six acres and at the present time is adorned with two substantial brick structures. On January 2, 1918, the college purchased a new site on the prin- 27S HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA eipal thoroughfare of Wilson, comprising 252 acres of campus. A garden and dairy farm is main- tained on this tract at the present time. The col- lege has had a steady development both in material circumstances and improvement and its influence and prestige as a center of higher learning. The presidents of the school from tne beginning have been: J. C. Coggins, 1902-04; J. J. Harper, 1904- 07; J. C. Caldwell, 1907-16; and E. A. Smith, 1916— Raymond Abner Smith was born in Gibson County, Indiana, January 14, 1875, a son cf Dr. William Franklin and Rosa Frances (Williams; Smith. He acquired a liberal education. From the country schools he entered Vincennes Uni- versity at historic old Vincennes, Indiana, where he was graduated from the junior college in 1894. He subsequently attended Butler College at In- dianapolis, where he was graduated A. B. in 1900 and in the same year was ordained a minister of the Christian Church. In the intervals of his work as a teacher and minister Mr. Smith pur- sued graduate courses in philosophy at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania during 1902-03, rec ived his Master of Arts degree from Butler College in 1904, in 1905 was graduated Bachelor of Di- vinity by Yale University ; and in 1914 was a graduate student in education in the West Vir- ginia University summer school. Mr. Smith was first connected with the Atlantic Christian College as one of its instructors during 1905-06. His first post as a minister was as pastor of the Kensington Christian Church in Philadelphia, 1900 to 1903. He served as min- ister of the Hillside Christian Church at Indian- apolis in 1903 and again in 1907, and from 1909 to 1913 was pastor of the Centenary Christian Church at Indianapolis. Prior to assuming his present duties Mr. Smith was principal of Beck- ley Institute, and professor of history and educa- tion in the Beckley Institute at Beckley, West Virginia, from 1913 to 1916. He is a former president of the Association of Christian Ministers in Indianapolis, Indiana. He is a member of the North Carolina State Teach- ers' Association and of the Wilson Chamber of Commerce. During his earlier residence in Indian- apolis he was for several years engaged in the veneer manufacturing business, and in that city was a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Smith was married December 27, 19 5, to Miss Grace Clifford, of Indianapolis, daughter of Amos and Rebecca Clifford. Her father is a retired merchant in that city. Three children have been born to their marriage: Raymond Clif- ford, Marian Frances and Ralph Emerson. William Smith Stevens. It was forty years ago that William Smith Stevens was admitted to the North Carolina bar. The formal practice of the law has engaged less of his time than the duties of official position. For more than a quar- ter of a century he has been clerk of the Superior Court of Johnston County, and his is not only one the the longest consecutive records of official performance in the state, but has distinctions and values of service apart from length of years. It is doubtful if Johnston County has a more honored and more useful citizen than this old time lawyer and public official. Mr. Stevens was born in Wayne County, North Carolina, where his people have been prominent for many generations. His birth occurred May 20, 1852. His parents were Noedham Bryant and Mary (Smith) Stevens. His mother was a daughter of William Smith of Wayne. Mr. Stevens was educated in his native county, and the institution from which he derived most of his knowledge and inspiration as a youth was Prof. Samuel W. Hughes ' Institute near Hillsboro. For two years he was a teacher and in the mean- time took up and vigorously prosecuted the study of law with H. F. Granger at Goldsboro, and also with Chief Justice Richmond M. Pearson. Mr. Stevens was admitted to the North Carolina bar in 1877, and in March of that year came to Smithfield in Johnston County and proffered his services as a budding lawyer to the community. He soon had a living practice and whether a practicing lawyer or a public official has always used his knowledge of law to promote the best interests of the community. From 1882 to 1885 he was practically retired from practice and en- gaged in conducting a farm. He then went to the office of deputy collector at Raleigh, and in 1890 was elected clerk of the Superior Court of Johns- ton County, and from that time to this has been kept in that office and has given it his entire time and the best of his abilities. Besides hand- ling the official routine with the precision and efficiency that have brought him many commenda- tions, he has been extremely zealous to promote the welfare and safeguard the interests of children and widows whose cares are committed to the courts. Mr. Stevens is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity and is steward of Sanders Chapel, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and teacher of its Bible class. On December 20, 1877, soon after establishing himself in practice at Smithfield, he married Mary B. Sanders, daughter of a well known attorney of that town. Seven children have been born to their marriage. Ada is the wife of W. H. Austin, of Smithfield. Zilla married J. E. Stevens, of Richmond, Virginia. Bertha is the wife of Dr. T. L. Giun, of Goldsboro, North Carolina. Dr. Ralph S. Stevens, who married Eva Hood, daughter of T. R. Hood, a Smithfield druggist, is now serving with the rank of lieutenant in the United States Army in France. Leon Gladstone, an at- torney at law by profession, married Ethel Sefton, of Cornwall, Canada. Erma is a graduate of the Greensboro Female College and is now a teacher in the public schools of Smithfield. Everett Smith, the youngest of the family, is attending Horner's Military Institute at Charlotte. William I. Wright. It is probable that with the shift of emphasis made in recent years and the increased importance of the farm and its products as vital and indispensable factors in the world 's life, some of the true romance of agriculture will be developed and exploited, as has been true of other newer industries and arts. The story of invention and discovery in farming is a matter of long, laborious, patient investiga- tion, experiment and trial. Patience is perhaps the greatest factor of all, since the processes of nature cannot be hurried. In a mechanical or physical laboratory the elements may be com- bined and the results noted and verified in a few hours or a few days. In every test and experiment made by the agricultural discoverer some of the chief factors are the months of the year, the seasons' change, and all the variety of conditions imposed by the annual cycle of climate and weather. And the results of one year must be added to those of many succeeding years before HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 279 the process is perfected and the result verified for practical uses. Such at least has been the experience of one of North Carolina 's most noted farmers, William I. Wright, whose chief fame in agricultural circles is due to his perfection, and introduction of "Wright's Prolific" corn and cotton seed. The scene of Mr. Wright's career as a farmer has been at Ingold in Sampson County, only a short distance from where he was born in 1868. He is the oldest of the children of John C. and Bettie V. (Herring) Wright, a family of notable distinction as teachers, lawyers, farmers and in other pursuits and avocations. The family have lived for a number of generations in the southern half of Sampson County. Going back several generations, Isaac Wright was born in Bladen County. John Wright, great-grandfather of Wil- liam I., was a soldier in the Revolutionary war and afterwards spent his life at the old Wright homestead five miles east of Parkersburg in Samp- son County. The grandfather of William I. Wright was also named Isaac. John C. Wright, the father, was born in 1832 and died in 1898. He served as lieutenant in a company of the Second North Carolina Regiment in the Confederate army. He married Bettie V. Herring, who is still living. She has been a distinguished educator, training her own children and other young people as well, and for a number of years conducting a private school at her home. Her father, Bryan Whitfield Herring, at one time represented Duplin County in the General Assembly and was related to the well known Whitfields of Eastern North Carolina.' William I. Wright, who owns the old Wright homestead, was educated by his mother and in the local schools and spent one term in the Uni- versity of North Carolina. His interests have always been in practical and experimental farm- ing, his large estate of 1,950 acres of land is in Sampson County, and of this land he has a large portion cleared and in cultivation, divided into several farms. In producing, ' ' Wright 's Prolific ' ' seed corn, Mr. Wright took a type of corn that had been developed and used for many years by his father, and crossed it with the "big seven year" variety, producing a type that has taken the first prize at the State Fair at Raleigh and is everywhere hailed as one of the big successes in modern agricultural science. To the production of a reliable disease- resisting cotton seed he has given equal attention, and the cotton seed bearing the name Wright 's Prolific has achieved a fame equal to that of his seed corn. His tests, experiments and scientific work in corn and cotton seed production, extending over a long number of years and requiring studious and patient repetitions of selections and cross breed- ings, have undoubtedly contributed as much as some of the more widely heralded inventions to the sum total of modern agricultural knowledge and of benefit to the world at large. Mr. Wright spent many years in producing seed that would run true to type, and even yet he is not satisfied that he has obtained the best results possible, and realizes that perfection in farm seed is a matter of constant diligence and vigilance and that the standard must be held up from year to year to prevent recurrence and regeneration. Mr. Wright is both a student as well as a practical* farmer and exemplifies the success that comes from the combination of these two qualifications. While best known as a breeder of corn and cot- ton seed, he produces a wide variety of general crops on his farm and has also gone into horti- culture quite extensively. He is a hard worker, always busy attending to the details aafl the planning and carrying out his farm work, and loses no opportunity to improve his methods of practice. Mr. Wright married Miss Julia Herring, who was born in Sampson County. They have seven living children, Clyde E., Bettie H., William I., Julia H., John F., Rachel and Henry. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are members of the Methodist Church. Claiborn McDowell Carr is a business leader at Durham, where for a number of years his in- terests have been chiefly identified with hosiery manufacturing, though they have extended to various other lines of business and to the leading organizations in a business and social way, in all of which he has held some executive responsibili- ties. Mr. Carr was born at Durham September 26, 1884, a son of Gen. Junius S. and Nannie Gra- ham (Parrish) Carr. From high school at an early age he entered the University of North Carolina where he completed his work in 1905. He returned home to take up a business career and for a number of years has been connected with the Durham Hosiery Mills, of which he is treasurer. He is also a director of the First Na- tional Bank of Durham, of the Durham and South- ern Railroad, and has always been found responsive to those organizations and movements which are part of the civic and business life of his com- munity. Mr. Carr served on the first board of police and fire commissioners of Durham, holding that office four years. He was the first president of the Chamber of Commerce, has been president of the local Y. M. C. A., and is now president of the Rotary Club. November 15, 1911, he married Miss Margaret Jordan Boylan, daughter of James A. and Maggie (Tucker; Boylan. They have three sons: Claiborn McDowell, Jr., Montfort Boylan and John Wesley, A. G. Myers. There are few more rapidly de- veloping cities in Gaston County than Gastonia, partly because of its fine location, but mainly on account of the able business men and public spirited citizens who take an interest in pro- moting her welfare. One of these is found in A. G. Myers, who is active vice president of The Citizens National Bank. A. G. Myers was born at Chesterfield, South Carolina. His parents were Stephen Huntley and Winifred (Crump) Myers, the latter of whom sur- vives. The late Stephen Huntley Myers, whose death occurred June 21, 1917, was a prominent citizen of Charlotte, North Carolina, and a Con- federate veteran. He was born in Anson County, North Carolina, July 29, 1844, and was a son of Ransom J. and Matilda (Huntley) Myers. Tin family came at an early day from Pennsylvania to North Carolina, and at one time the grand- father lived near Roanoke Island, but subse- quently settled in Anson County. Stephen H. Myers grew to the age of seventeen years on the old Myers homestead on Dead Fall Creek, twelve miles west of Wadesboro. In the old cemetery in that neighborhood several gener- ations of that family lie buried. When war be- tween the states broke out young Myers was one of the first to offer his services to the Confeder- 280 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA ate commander, and as the latter did not know he "was under the prescribed age, he was permitt-1 to enlist in the Twenty-third North Carolina In- fantry, and as a member of this organization he took part in the battle of Sharpsburg, but shortly afterward was discharged because of his youth. He had determined, however, to be a soldier, and as lurther preparation returned to his home in Anson County, secured a horse and returned to Wadesboro and there enlisted in an- other branch of the service, the Fourth North Car- olina Cavalry. He participated in many of the most serious battles of the war, including the first battle of Manassas and Gettysburg, h\ L was never injured until near its close, when he was wounded in the arm. Afterward he returned to Anson County for a time, then went to South Carolina for some years, and in 1889 located at Charlotte, Nor'-h Carolina, and there, at his home on North Long Street, after a very brief illness, he passed away. He was a man of sterling char- acter in every relation of life, a brave defender at all times of the principles he believed to be right. In the city where he had lived for so many years he was known to every one and was uni- versally respected and esteemed. In 1870 Stephen H. My -s was married to Miss Winifred Crump, and the following children sur- vive him : Mrs. W. P. Covington, of Ellerbee ; A. G. Myers, vice president of The Citizens National Bank, Gastonia; W. R. Myers, of St. Louis, Missouri; Mrs. M. F. Kirby, Jr., of Gastonia; B. C. Myers, of Portsmouth, Virginia, and C. C. Myers, of Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Myers was a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church on Tryon Street, Charlotte. He belonged also to Charlotte Camp, United Confed- erate Veterans, who attended his funeral in a body, leaving him in the peaceful quiet of Elm- wood. A. G. Myers was quite young when the family settled at Charlotte and there he was reared and educated. Almost the entire period of his busi- ness life has been identified with banking, and for several years he was with the Merchants and Farmers National Bank of Charlotte. Thus he came experienced to The Citizens National Bank at Gastonia, of which he is the active vice presi- dent. This institution is in a very flourishing condition, and Mr. Myers' connection with it is one of its soundest assets. Since locating here he has taken a hearty and intelligent in- terest in general affairs and has shown a com- mendable spirit of co-operation in matters of public importance. He is president of the Groves Mills, Incorporated, of Gastonia, president and treasurer of the Dillings Cotton Mills of Kings Mountain, and also identified in various capacities with the Armstrong group of mills. William Dougald MacMillan. During his active connection with business affairs at Wil- mington, Mr. MacMillan has built up an extensive business in the handling of automobiles, and at the same time has become a factor in local affairs and is now serving as one of the county commis- sioners of New Hanover County. Born at Wilmington, January 24, 1872, he represents some sterling Scotch lineage, and is a son of William D. and Maggie Wright (Ander- son) MacMillan. His father was an old and prominent physician, and now has residence at Sloop Point in Pender County. Mr. MacMillan finished his education in the public schools of Magnolia, and at once took up commercial pursuits. He spent six years in the auditing department of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway, and for two and a half years was agent of that railroad at Washington, North Carolina. He then returned to Wilmington, and established sales stables for the handling of horses, and of' buggies and wagons. After the automobiles came into popular favor he established in 1910 an auto- mobile sales agency, and is one of the leading automobile dealers of the city. Mr. MacMillan was appointed in February, 1916, to the office of county commissioners, and he has proved a valuable addition to the board of admin- istration. He is a member of the Cape Fear Club, the Cape Fear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Club, is past master of Lodge No. 305, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, belongs to Concord Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and to the Knights Templar Commandery and Sudan Temple. On February 12, 1896, he married Miss Kathar- ine Gaston de Rosset, of Wilmington. They are parents of four children: William D., Jr., Louis de R., Jane Dickinson and Margaret Anderson. The family are members of St. James Episcopal Church, in which Mr. MacMillan is vestryman. J. Vance McGodgan, M. D. Not alone for professional success, although it has been unusual, is Dr. J. Vance McGougan well known in Cum- berland County, where he is one of the large land- owners and most progressive and scientific agri- culturists, but additionally because of his in- telligent activity in civic affairs at Fayetteville and the hearty support he is always ready to give to worthy enterprises. Of Scotch ancestry on both sides, Dr. McGougan has not far to seek to discover whence came his heritage of admirable traits with which he has been richly endowed. J. Vance McGougan was born at Lumber Bridge, Robeson County, North Carolina, in 1870. His parents were Duncan Blue and Catherine (MeGou- gan) McGougan. All the McGougans are High- land Scotch. Duncan Blue McGougan was born in Robeson County, near Lumber Bridge. His father came to North Carolina from Scotland, landing at Wilmington and later coming up the Cape Fear River, in the early part of the nineteenth century. He settled permanently near Lumber Bridge in Robeson County, and there the father of Dr. McGougan was reared and passed his life. Following his elemental educational training, Dr. McGougan spent two years as a student at Wake Forest College, and two years in the med- ical department of the state university at Chapel Hill, but completed his medical education in the University of Maryland at Baltimore, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1893. After spending one year as an interne in hospital work in Baltimore, Dr. McGougan came to Fayette- ville and entered upon the practice of his pro- fession, and his medical knowledge and surgical skill, supplemented by a genial, wholesouled man- ner that serves to partly banish apprehension, have contributed to the upbuilding of a profes- sional reputation that extends all over and beyond Cumberland County. While this pleasant, agree- able manner is undoubtedly an asset in the sick room, the cheerful attitude is borne by the Doctor into other circles wherever his interests reach, and perhaps no citizen of Fayetteville is more generally popular. Dr. McGougan is a member of the county, state and the American Medical associations and is ex- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 281 vice president of the North Carolina State Med- ical Society. He is local surgeon for the Atlantic- Coast Line Railway, the X. «Sc S. Railroad and also of the Aberdeen & Rockfish Railway. For some years he served as surgeon for the Second Regi- ment, North Carolina National Guard, and re- tired with the rank of major. Many men with heavy professional cares would do well to follow the example set by Dr. McGou- gan in finding recreation through agricultural in- terests. He has acquired a large acreage of rich, agricultural land, his principal estate being his plantation of 950 acres located four miles west of Fayetteville. He owns other fine farms in the county and near his old home in Robeson County, but the most famous of all is the plantation above referred to because of its great productive- ness. Of this large estate he now has 700 acres under cultivation and practically produces a bale of cotton and 40 bushels of corn to the acre. In bringing this yield about Dr. McGougan has ex- pended considerable capital in improvements, in- cluding fertilizing agents and modern machinery, in the meanwhile finding a vast field of enjoyment opened up in scientific experimentation, which be- longs so essentially to the life and habit of the enlightened physician. Dr. McGougan is un- married. William Chester Gibsox is a prominent build- ing contractor and now has the largest organization and the most complete facilities for the handling of all classes of contracts in that line in the City of Durham. Mr. Gibson was born November 16, 1886, In Graham Township of Alamance County, North Carolina, son of substantial farming people in that locality, Moses M. and Docie (Fogleman) Gibson. As a boy he attended public schools, the high school at Hawfield, and in early life skilled himself in the carpenter 's trade. In 1909 he came to Durham and since 1914 operated independently as a building contractor. The services of his organ- ization have been called to the construction of many of the stores, banks and public buildings and residences throughout Durham and surround- ing territory. In the fall of 1917 Mr. Gibson formed a partnership with Mr. C. H. Shipp, the firm now being Gibson and Shipp. The offices are in the First National Bank Building. Mr. Gibson is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, is a democrat and a member of the Presbyterian Church. September 20, 1911, he married ' Bettie Cole of Alamance County, North Carolina. They have one daughter, Bettie Mae. Delos Wexford Sorrell. A member of the Durham bar for the past twelve years Delos W. Sorrell has prosecuted his professional labors with snch energy and ability as to achieve both reputation and the earnings which go with success at the bar. It has been his fortune and privilege to have been connected with some of the most im- portant cases tried in the local courts. At the same time he had shown much public spirit in for- warding every movement for the welfare of the community. Mr. Sorrell was born in Durham County, North Carolina, April 8, 1882, a son of Milton Lynn and Ruanna R. (Bagwell) Sorrell. His father was a fanner. He attended the local district schools and the high school at Cary, and in 1S98 entered Wake Forest College, from which he graduated A. B. in 1902. Following his collegiate career he taught school at the Fruitland Institute in Hender- son County and also in the Nelson public schools, and in 1904 Wake Forest College conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. The following year he speut with a warehouse company, but in 1905 entered the law department of the University of North Carolina and took the Supreme Court examination in February, 1906. The next month he located at Durham and began general practice. From 1907 to 1909 Mr. Sorrell was county attor- ney and also served as chairman of the board of education and as secretary of the democratic committee of the county. On March 14, 1917, he was elected for a term of three years as chairman of the Board of Water Commissioners of the City of Durham. He has taken an active part in fra- ternal matters, especially with the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He is grand vice chancellor of the Knights of Pythias for the state and has been rep- resentative to the national convention of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Mr. Sor- rell is a deacon in the First Baptist Church of Durham. November 28, 1906, he married Miss Margaret Dean Hollo wav of Durham, daughter of James L. and Lucy (Blackwell) Holloway. Edwix Hutchixsox M^loxe is a lawyer of reputation and successful practice at Louisburg, and is a former law partner of the present gov- ernor of North Carolina, T. W. Bickett. Mr. Malone was born in Louisburg November 26, 1882, a son of Dr. James Ellis and Anna Rich- mond (Fuller) Malone. His father was a widely known physician in that section of North Caro- lina. Edwin H. Malone secured most of his early training in the Louisburg Male Academy and from there entered the L'niversity of North Carolina, where he studied law'and was admitted to the bar in August, 1911. Since then he has been in general practice at Louisburg formerly as member of the firm Bickett White & Malone. After Governor Bickett was inaugurated as chief executive of the state he withdrew from the firm, leaving the partnership as at present White & Malone. Mr. Malone is also counsel for the local board of education and is chairman of the Democratic County Executive Committee. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Or- der of Elks and is a steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. November 1, 191", he married Miss Eleanor Bryant Cooke, of Louis- burg. Her parents are Charles K. and Rosa Kearney Cooke. Arthur Bertram Skeldixg. A civil and elec- trical engineer whose wide experience has con- nected him with many important undertakings both North and South, Arthur Bertram Skeldiug has been a resident of the City of Wilmington since 1897 and has been during that time general manager of the Tide Water Power Company, one of the largest corporations for the development of electrical power in the State of North Carolina. He is a Northern man by birth, and was born at Riverside, Connecticut, July 6, 1868, a son of Arthur Eugene and Esther Ann (Loekwood) Skelding. His father was a Connecticut attorney. He was liberally educated, attending the Kings School at Stamford, Connecticut, and in 18S9 graduating from the Yale l'niversity. He pursued the scientific and technical course, and for the 282 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA past quarter of a century has been actively en- gaged in the work of his profession. From 1889 to 1S91 he was employed in the testing department of the General Electrical Company, and from 1891 to 1893 was in the employ of Thomas A. Edison at Orange, New Jersey. During 1893-95 Mr. Skelding was connected with the Hall Signal Company, and the following two years was with W. A. McAdoo as manager of a street railroad in Knoxville, Tennessee. The Tide Water Power Company and its predecessors had their chief de- velopment and extension of service during the twenty-one years that Mr. Skelding has been in active charge. He resigned from the Tide Water Power Company January 1, 1918. He is a member of the Cape Fear Club, the Cape Fear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Club and of the Masonic Order. On February 8, 1898, he married Miss Dorothy Ames, of Washington, D. C. She was a grand- daughter of Columbus De Lano, who served as Secretary of the Interior under President Grant. Mrs. Skelding died December 4, 1904, leaving one daughter, Elizabeth Ames. On April 3, 1907, Mr. Skelding married Mary Alan Short, daughter of H. B. Short, of Lake Waccamam, North Caro- lina. There are three children by the second mar- riage, Mary Alan, Esther Ann and Bertram. Benjamin Franklin Grady, who was one of North Carolina's most distinguished sons, did his greatest work as an educator. Unless the con- dition of his life and times are considered, that seems faint praise. He taught and led men to better things, not in the "piping times of peace," when thought and effort are liberally bestowed on matters that have a cultural advantage, but in those years when war had devastated the South, when men and women and children had to struggle to the limit of their energies for the bare ne- cessities of existence — then it was that he proved a light shining in the dark, a steady flame that never was dimmed except when his own spirit went out to the God that gave it. He was a natural teacher, a force for purity and culture in the finest sense of the phrase, and as one who turned many to righteousness his name deserves to shine as the stars in the firmament. While first and repeated emphasis must be placed upon his achievements as an educator, his life was not without other considerable distinc- tions. He was one of the bravest soldiers who fought for the Southern cause and aided it not only with his presence in the ranks of the fighting armies but with the advocacy of an enlightened mind and an effective pen. He also served two terms in Congress, and that also should be men- tioned because he was truly a representative of the people. Benjamin Franklin Grady was born in Albert- son Township, Duplin County, October 10, 18.31, and died at Clinton, North Carolina, March 6, 1914, in the eighty-second year of his age. In his own career were combined the talents and characteristics of a notable group of antecedents. His name indicates Irish origin. No family in America has preserved in larger measure certain racial characteristics than these North Carolina Gradys. From this family was descended the noted Henry Woodfin Grady of Georgia, certainly the most eloquent orator the South has produced, who had back of his oratory a great and far- seeing mind, whose orations were not merely beautiful thoughts finely expressed, but were the outeroppiugs both of a great intellect, which could grasp the most profound problems of civic life, and of a heart full of love for his fellow men. Henry W. Grady, though he died at thirty- nine, left an imprint upon the American public mind which will never fade. According to standard authorities the Gradys and 'Gradys go back in Ireland to the fourth century. Very much, however, of this early family lore is mythical, not only in relation to this family, but with all the families dealt with wdiich go back of the year 1000. A prominent early character was John O 'Grady, Archdeacon of Caswell in 1365. In 1405 another John O 'Grady was Bishop of Elfin, a cathedral founded by St. Patrick in the middle of the fifth century. The Grady coat of arms is thus described : ' ' Per pale gules and sable, three lions passant per pale argent and or. Crest : A horse 's head erased argent. Motto : Vulneratus non vietus. ' ' The ancestry of the North Carolina branch of the family goes back to William Grady or Graddy, who was in North Carolina prior to 1718, since on June 30th of that year James Rutland con- veyed fifty acres of land on Deep Creek in Bertie County to William Grady. It is said that the name has always been pronounced Graddy in Duplin County. William Grady had a son John who moved to Duplin County and settled on a tract of land in the fork of Burncoat Creek and Northeast Eiver. That land is still owned by the Grady family. This John moved to Duplin County in 1739. He married Mary Whitfield, daughter of William Whitfield. Of the children of John, the son John was killed at the battle of Moore's Creek Bridge in 1776, and a monument to his memory stands on the old battlefield. Another son, Alexander, who participated in the same battle, afterwards married Nancy Thomas, and lived the remainder of his life on the old Grady plantation. His son, Henry, commonly called by the family "Lord Harry, ' ' married Elizabeth Outlaw, daughter of James Outlaw, January 6, 1799. On February 17, 1800, there was born of this marriage Alexander Outlaw Grady, father of Benjamin Franklin Grady. In 1830 Alexander Outlaw Grady married Anne Sloan, daughter of Gibson and Bachel (Bryan) Sloan. Through his grandmother, Bachel Bryan, Benjamin Franklin Grady was directly connected with the Bryan family of North Carolina as well as with William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska. All of this family is directly descended from Lord Needha.m of Ireland, whose daughter mar- ried a Bryan and immigrated to America. One of the most distinguished of this branch was Colonel Needham Bryan, who was colonel of Johnston County while Tryon and Martin were the governors of the province and the representative of his county in the Provincial Congresses of 1774 and 1775. Thus B. F. Grady had in his veins the blood of the Whitfields, the Outlaws, the Bryans, the Sloans, the Needhams, the Kornegays and many other prominent families of North Carolina. The Gradys, while favorable to the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788, subsequently adopted Mr. Jefferson 's political views. In 1832 Alexander Outlaw Grady, after hearing Mr. Cal- houn 's address before the Legislature of North Carolina, of which he was then a member, became an adherent of Calhoun 's doctrines and svm- <3.#-^w^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 283 pathized with South Carolina 's action at that time. By 1860 he was a pronounced secessionist. Alexander O. Grady was a farmer, but a student of politics. His library, though small, was well selected, consisting chiefly of histories and biog- raphies and political works, witli only a few books of lighter literature. B. F. Grady therefore had the inestimable bless- ing of good birth and family tradition. His boy- hood was spent in the country. He attended the old Field schools in the winter and in the summer worked on a farm. He was blessed with good health, and was vigorous in body and mind. He enjoyed hunting and fishing, and thus early be- came a student of nature. From his father he acquired a knowledge of politics and of public problems. Under the guidance of his mother he read and studied ' ' The Science of Common Things. ' ' When he was about seventeen years of age his father and some neighbors engaged a classical teacher, and afterwards lie was prepared for college at the Old Grove Academy, then taught by Bev. James M. Sprunt, a Scotch Fresbyterian. In 1853 he entered the university and graduated with the highest honors in 1857, receiving the degree A. M. Among his classmates were Col. Thomas S. Kenan, Judge A. C. Avery, Maj. Robert Bingham, Dr. D. McL. Graham, Capt. John Dugger, Hon. John Graham, and many others who became prominent subsequently. Even before his university career B. F. Grady determined that his mission in life was to dispel ignorance and uplift the people. It was much against the wishes of his father that he chose to follow the vocation of teaching. After leaving the university he became) associated with Mr. Sprunt at Old Grove Academy and two years later, on the recommendation of Governor Swain, then president of the university, and Dr. Philips, Professor of Mathematics, he was elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in Austin College, then located at Huntsville, Texas. He entered upon his new duties in Texas in Septem- ber, 1859, and continued this employment until the outbreak of the war, at which time the college suspended. Prior to the war Mr. Grady had not become a pronounced secessionist. It was only after the election of Mr. Lincoln and when it was plain that force would be employed to destroy the rights of the Southern states that he identified himself with the Southern cause. Just as he was on the point of enlisting a fever disabled him from active work, and prevented him from entering the army until the early spring of 1862. He then became a member of the 25th Texas Cavalry, which in a few months was dismounted and became an in- fantry organization. He served throughout with the rank of an orderly sergeant, though he twice refused the offer of a captaincy. At Arkansas Post January 11, 1863, the entire command fell into the hands of the enemy. For about three months Mr. Grady was confined at Camp Butler near Springfield, Illinois. He suffered greatly from the rigors of winter and the many brutalities imposed upon the prisoners, and at one time was shot at by a guard because he refused to take off his cap to a Union officer. He was exchanged in April, 1863, and the regi- ment then became a part of Grandbury's Brigade of Hardee's Corps. He was in the famous divi- sion commanded by Gen. Pat Cleburne. He participated in many battles, notably at Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, with General Johnston in all the desperate fighting up to Atlanta, and then with Hood in the disastrous campaign of Tennessee, culminating in the battle of Franklin, where every Confederate officer in Cleburne 's division above the rank of lieutenant was killed. Mr. Grady had developed into an expert rifleman and was often detailed to do duty as a sharp- shooter. After Franklin and Nashville the regi- ment made its way to North Carolina to assist in repelling General Sherman. Just before the battle of Bentonville Mr. Grady was again taken ill with fever, was sent to Raleigh, and was de- tained at the Peace Institute Hospital until May 2d. The war closed while he was delirious with fever, and when he regained consciousness both Lee and Johnston had laid down their arms. Without money, ragged and still suffering from the effects of fever, he wandered back to the home of his father in Duplin County. Two years later, in 1867, he saw his father die of a broken heart at the woeful result of the struggle in which two of his sons had been killed, the other two wounded, and he himself had suffered grievously. Mr. Grady realized that it was necessary to build up a new South upon the ruins of the past. Teaching was his chosen profession and he be- lieved that in the education of the people lay the salvation of the country. Soon after his re- turn from the army he was employed by a gentle- man who had for years maintained a good private school on his farm. Then in 1867 he was en- gaged to teach the Neuse River Academy near Seven Springs, but in January, 1868, he formed a partnership with Murdock McLeod and taught the Clinton Male Academy seven years. As a result of ill health due to the confining work of the schoolroom lie took up farming. He was in no sense a farmer and he soon had some young men around him and was conducting a private school. In January, 1879, he returned to his old home in Duplin County and in 1881 was elected super- intendent of public instruction, a position he held until 1888. He was pre-eminently fitted for the duties of this office. During his administration the teachers were required to attain to a higher standard than ever before. He visited the schools often, and in the summer months conducted an institute at Keenansville. Through all these years his reputation had been steadily growing and he had many fast and loyal friends, especially among the agricultural pop- ulation. In 1890 he was elected to Congress to represent the Third North Carolina District and was re-elected in 1892. He represented Jiis district with ability and unswerving fidelity. His desk at Washington was often surrounded by members of Congress seeking information from the ' ' encyclo- pedia," as he was familiarly called. He formed pleasing relations and friendship with some of the most inotable of his colleagues, including Speaker Crisp of Georgia, James C. Richardson of Tennessee, William J. Bryan of Nebraska, and Roger Q. Mills of Texas. While in Congress he made it a rule that he would never vote on a proposition until he had thoroughly examined it. Unless his judgment approved the measure he in- variably voted against it. He was at the same time a zealous and influential worker for all measures that promised any benefit to the South and to the agricultural interests of the country. On retiring from Congress in 1895 Mr. Grady removed to Turkey in Sampson County, where with his son, Henry A. Grady, he established a school known as Turkey Academy. In 1901 he removed to Clinton, in which city he spent his last years. 284 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Through all the later years of his life his house was open to all who wished to study, mauy avail- ing tnemselves of the privilege and paying for their board and tuition in whole or in part by farm work. Thus he continued his chosen work almost to tne end of his life. He otten expressed the contents of his keen and vigorous intellect in writing tor the press on industrial, social and political subjects, in 1867 he published an Agri- cultural Catechism as a text book ior tne common schools. It was especially valuable because it took up the subject ot chemistry in farming. How- ever, its usefulness was limited because in the few years following the publication of the book the public schools were interrupted or hardly taught at all. His later productions were of an historical nature. In 1898 he issued the ' ' Case of the Soutn against the North," a compendium of the his- torical evidence justifying the Southern states in their controversy with the Northern states. It was a masterly presentation of the subject, and many critics have accorded it a place equal to it not superior to any of the authoritative volumes on the subject. Another work of his was ' ' South 's Burden, ' ' which deals with Reconstruction. He possessed a philosophic as well as deeply religious mind, and at this time it is worth wnile to recall some of the views he expressed on the ideals of American life as quoted by a former writer : "I can add nothing to the rules of life laid down in the New Testament. Our phenomenal material advancement and the commercial spirit of the age have somewhat blinded us to the in- flexibility of these rules as our only guide to the highest and best life possible here on earth. We are justifying all sorts of violations of them in every phase of our life, if committed by our family or our party or our country ; and all history teaches that slow death inevitably comes to a people who do not return to the paths of recti- tude marked out by these rules. Of course, a knowledge of these duties and a recognition of their unmercifulness can be founded on nothing less than a degree of mental illumination which few of our race have attained. ' ' A few years ago a beautiful memoir to this great son of North Carolina was published in ' ' Carolina and the Southern Cross, ' ' and a few paragraphs from this appreciation deserve quota- tion here : "Mr. Grady was by nature a teacher of men. His method of instruction was largely Socratic — he propounded questions and required his pupils to answer them. He sought to arouse in the pupil a spirit of inquiry, believing that all culture came primarily from individual effort, stimulated and directed by proper suggestion. Wherever he went and with whomsoever he associated his giant in- tellect left an indelible impression.. His mind was omnivorous, his memory almost infallible, his' rea- soning powers unlimited. There were few fields of thought that he had not traversed. He would have been equally at home with Spencer, the scientist, or Goethe, the philosopher and poet. In the realm of mathematics he had no superior, in historical research few equals. His leanings were towards the natural sciences, rather than mere Belle Letire, but his earlier writings evidenced the fact that he was also at home with the poets and in perfect attune with the beauties of nature. Accuracy and exactness he demanded in all things; wherefore, in the mathematics, natural philosophy and kindred sciences, he found that perfection of reason, that infallible logic, which alone could satisfy the cravings of his mind. ' ' To those who knew him well his memory of things was proverbial. He seemed to have for- gotten how to forget. His mind was a store- house of knowledge, a Thesaurus of facts; so di- gested and arranged as to take on the aspects of an encyclopedia. Such was the impression that usually prevailed among those who knew him. "Mr. Grady was a man of deep religious feel- ing, but his views were largely influenced by reason. For the mere dogmas of religion he had little patience; but for the cardinal principles of the church lie had the greatest respect; still, he was not orthodox, as the word is generally understood. He was sometimes accused of having entertained heretical views ; but his unfeigned piety to God, his deep reverence and respect for the religious views of others, his unbounded charity and simplicity of life left little argument in support of the charge. He had absolute faith in the Divine Plan and in the final triumph of Truth. . . . He recognized no kinship between truth and error, no compromise with falsehood, no borderland in morals. He loved the truth for its own' sake, and no consideration could have induced him to swerve therefrom. "He had a keen sense of the ridiculous, and, as is usually the case with men of that kind, was lenient to the absurdities and inconsistencies of others. He was prodigal in his habits. The material things of life had little attraction for him. Without love of money or property, the sim- plicity of his life and conduct was a source of wonderment to his friends. He was affectionate to his family and loyal to his friends. He delighted in the companionship of children, between whom and himself there was a perfect bond of sym- pathy, in the utter carelessness with which he viewed the material things of life. ' ' He was twice married. His first wife was Olivia Hamilton, a grand-niece of Alexander Hamilton and a resident before her marriage of Huntsville, Texas. To this marriage there was born one son, Franklin Grady, now a prominent lawyer of New York City. Mr. Grady 's first wife died while he was in Camp Butler prison. In 1870 he married Mary Charlotte Bizzell, eldest daughter of Dr. Henry A. and Celestial (Eobinson) Bizzell. She was related to the Robinsons and Matthews fami- lies of North Carolina and Virginia. By this marriage the children were : Henry A. Grady, else- where referred to; Cleburne Grady, James B. Grady, Stephen S. Grady, Benjamin Grady, Louis D. Grady, Lessie R. Grady, Mary Eva Grady and Mrs. Anna B. Cowan. Henry Alexander Grady, one of the most prom- inent lawyers of the state, and a resident of Clin- ton, is a son of the late Benjamin Franklin Grady, the distinguished North Carolina soldier, educator and citizen whose career is sketched on previous pages. The life of Henry Alexander Grady has not been unworthy of so great a sire. He has in fact added something to the lustre of the family name. A year or so ago a biographer who had taken pains to study the work and character of Mr. Grady wrote an interesting sketch of him, and that article itself is so well phrased and so inti- mate a view of his personality that with a few adaptations and omissions it is published in the present North Carolina History. There are two classes of country builders the world over, and in our- own country these two classes are perhaps more clearly defined than in any other. The first class is that minority, which frequently holds office, gets newspaper notoriety, C^LulJ^\J. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 285 and takes pains to see that the public is kept thoroughly informed of its heroic efforts to save the country from destruction and to bring it to prosperity. Men of this class, never averse to their oames being recorded in history, if only for bare mention, understand well the art of advertising. It would not be fair or truthful to say that such men do not render valuable service, but it may be justly observed that professional advertisers are apt to overestimate the value of their wares. The other class is composed of the men who do the day's work. They are not as a rule good advertisers. They are not seekers after notoriety. Their ambitions are not unreasonable; they have convictions; they have courage. The great mass of them after lives of labor go to their graves unknown outside of the communities in which they have lived and labored. But it is these men who save the nation in every emergency; it is these men who preserve its laws, take care of its moral interests, build up its industries, and are satisfied if, after long and strenuous labor, they can pass on to their children the old institutions preserved, with some little new features of merit added. These men do not get proper recognition always, even from their own generation. It is im- portant, if future historians are to have accurate knowledge of our people and our conditions, that men of this class shall be fairly represented and their merits pointed out in works of permanent character. To this second class belongs Henry Alexander Grady of Clinton. He was born September 19, 1871, in his grandfather's house in Clinton, "North Carolina. At the age of seven his father's health became impaired and he moved out to his farm in Duplin County, where he, his father, his grand- father and great-grandfather were all born and buried. Henry was the eldest of a family of nine children, six boys and three girls. He tells the story of that early period in a much more in- teresting fashion than a grave biographer can do it. He frankly admits that he did not par- ticularly distinguish himself on the farm. His father was county superintendent of education, and his great-uncle, Steuben Miller Grady, was chairman of the County Board of Education. For several years these two public spirited men went about the county trying to serve their country by advancing the cause of education, while the two crowds of young people were supposed to be run- ning the farm. In 1889 his father was elected to the Federal Congress, serving two terms or four years. Young Henry was in charge of the farm during his absence. In 189:'. he went to Chapel Hill and entered the University of North Carolina. After two years there he was called to Washington to act as secre- tary to his father. While there he completed his law education at Georgetown University. His real qualifications were beginning to appear, as is shown by his election to the presidency of his class of 360 young men. In 1895 Mr. Grady was ap- pointed to a minor position in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. In this capacity he went to Alaska, assisted in surveying the boundary line between that country ami British Columbia, and also assisted in deep-sea soundings and as- tronomical work. Returning to North Carolina for a short rest in January, 1896. he located in New York f'itv as law clerk in the office of his half brother. Franklin Grady. Later on he accepted a position with a reform club, and held that posi- tion during the exciting free silver campaign of 1896. His next work was as principal clerk in the law office of John Sprunt Hill, a distinguished North Carolinian who was then practicing law at 52 William Street. This firm was later known as Hill, Thompson and Stiirke. Mr. Hill was a mem- ber of a military organization which on the out- break of the Spanish-American war was called to service, and this resulted in Mr. Grady's return to North Carolina, where he organized a company, but about the time he had the company thoroughly organized he was notified that no more soldiers were needed. In 1899 Mr. Grady was again in North Carolina and with his father taught school at Turkey in Sampson County. They taught two sessions and he says without profit, but with some degTee of satisfaction. In the summer of 1900 he took a short law course at the State University, got his certificate from Judge MaeRae, and was granted his license to practice by the Supreme Court in September, 1900. He says for three years that he practiced "at the law," the firm being Faison & Grady. In 1901 he married Annie Elizabeth Graham, only daughter of Dr. Daniel McLean and Elizabeth ( Murphy ) Graham. Mrs. Grady 's great-grand- father, Col. Colin McLean, who commanded a part of the Tory forces at Moore 's Creek battle in the Revolution was opposed to Mr. Grady 's own great- great-grandfather, Alexander Grady, who was in the whig forces. Mr. and Mrs. Grady have three sons: Henry A. Grady, Jr., Franklin McLean Grady and Graham Montrose Grady. The naming of the youngest boy shows the admiration of the parents for James Graham, Marquis of Montrose, the greatest man of the Graham elan. [n 1904 Mr. Grady formed a new law partner- ship with Archie McLean Graham, his brother-in- law, which firm has been in continuous practice up to date under the name Grady & Graham. In 190?, Mr. Grady was nominated by the democratic minority in Sampson County as its candidate to the General Assembly. He made the race against great odds and was defeated by the normal repub- lican majority, as expected. In 1905 he was nomi- nated and elected to the State Senate, where he served one term with marked ability. From 1902 to 1910 he was a member of the State Democratic Executive Committee. He served four years on the staff of Governor Kitchin with the rank of colonel. Mr. and Mrs. Grady are Presbyterians in church relations. In fraternal circles he is at this date master of Hiram Lodge No. 98, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Masons, High Priest of Clinton Chapter No. 40, Royal Arch Masons, a member of Oasis Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Charlotte, North Carolina, a member of Plantagenet Commandery No. 1, Knight Templars, at Wilmington, North Carolina, and a thirty- second degree Scottish Rite Mason. He also holds membership in the Knights of Pythias. In the sixteen years since he began practice Mr. Grady has climbed solely by his own efforts to the point where he is recognized as one of the foremost lawyers of his section of the state. He disclaims being an orator, and yet his direct and pithy speeches always show the highest and best form of oratory. He meekly admits that his longest speech to a jury was only forty-five minutes. One of the greatest lawyers the nation has ever known was William H. Crawford, who would have been president of the United States but for the breakdown of his health. Mr. Crawford rarelv 286 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA ever lost a case in court and it did not. matter how great the case was he was rarely known to go over his limit of thirty minutes in addressing a jury. Mr. Grady therefore has worked out for himself a system practiced by the greatest jurist who knew how to win law suits. Henry A. Grady has the Irish wit accompanied with a biting tongue, and this, though it may happen often that the pungent speech was not intended in malice, has made him enemies. A glance at the man reveals his character. It is a face full of courage, keen, intelligent, but the face also of a man who does not bear malice and is willing to meet the other fellow half way in bury- ing the hatchet. If he was more careful of speech it might be that political preferment would come his way, but would that be an improvement? As it is, he is setting an example, fearless, truthful, honorable, kindly, loyal, a man who can be trusted, a man whose community will in some, let us hope, not far distant day appreciate the value of one who for many years went in and out among them, doing his duty in every emergency honestly as God gave him to see it. In 1912 Mr. Grady visited Europe with his friend Lauehlin A. Bethune. They traveled over Ireland, Scotland, England, Franee, Spain, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and Belgium. They visited the old home of Mr. Grady 's ancestors in Ireland, where he learned that the name was pronounced Graddy, or as the " a " in father is pronounced. Speaking of this trip Mr. Grady says it was both an education and also a disillusionment. Literature is one of Mr. Grady's great loves. His father, as scholarly a man as ever lived, first class man in Greek, Latin, French and Mathe- matics at the University, a born teacher, conveyed to the son his knowledge in such a way that the son's education is equal to that of any college graduate. Naturally he has taken to the pen and has written a good deal, both in prose and poetry. Some of his poems have attracted wide attention, though the greater part of them have never been published. It is his purpose, some day, to publish them for private distribution. If he had not elected to be a lawyer, Mr. Grady undoubtedly could have rivaled Henry Woodfin Grady in a literary way. M. C. Braswell. One of the commercial lead- ers in Eastern Carolina is named when attention is called to M. C. Braswell, who is proprietor of the largest supply business in the state, is an extensive grower of cotton, tobacco and peanuts, is interested in many of the flourishing enter- prises that bring prosperity to tins section and is one of the largest landowners in Nash and Edgecombe counties. In the generous distribu- tion of his ample means he has done much to adorn and beautify his home town, Battleboro. M. C. Braswell was born in North Carolina and is a son of the late T. P. Braswell. He has two surviving brothers, J. C. Braswell, who is pres- ident of the Planters Bank at Rocky Mount, and Dr. M. R. Braswell, of the same city, all three brothers being men of large means and unselfish public spirit. This whole section is indebted to them for a large measure of its prosperity. After completing his school course M. C. Bras- well was admitted to a business partnership with his father, under the firm style of T. P. Braswell & Son, which continued until the death of the senior member. Prior to this event for some time M. C. Braswell had been the active maiuger of the business, and afterward he continued along the same trade lines as before, further expanding as conditions demanded. As a supply house this ranks second to none in Eastern North Carolina, and is one of the largest, in a business sense, re- tail dealers in fertilizers, selling probably 5,000 tons annually. This is but an adjunct to his numerous other important enterprises, his agri- cultural interests alone making . him one of the capitalists of North Carolina. He owns a large amount of valuable realty at Rocky Mount but maintains his home at Battleboro, eight miles distant, where he owns a handsome modern resi- dence set in beautiful grounds. Mr. Braswell was married in 1894, to Miss Alice Bryan, who belongs to one of the aristocratic old families of this section, and they have four children. Mr. Braswell is a man of liberality of view on many subjects and is of complete personal in- dependence when questions of local importance come up for adjustment, He is a man who could never be coereed but is one who, in spite of any opposition, would do his full duty as he saw it, in business, in politics or in society. His views on all questions are so sound and practical that his fellow citizens value them and few movements of any importance are carried through without his investigation and interest, if they concern the welfare of this part of his native state. Firm but genial, liberal but judicious, and benevolent far beyond the usual individual, Mr. Braswell is held in the highest esteem by the people with whom his entire life of usefulness has been spent. Winfield Augustus Worth. In naming the representative men of Elizabeth City, respectful attention is called to Winfield Augustus Worth, a leading member of the Pasquotank bar and for the past thirteen .years serving in the office of referee in bankruptcy. Winfield A. Worth was born at Fayetteville, North Carolina, October 9, 1879, and is a son of Albert Hugh and Almeda (Hurt) Worth. His father is well known as a master of steam vessels all along the eastern coast and is master of steam vessels in the river trade, operating on the Cape Fear and Savannah rivers. In private schools and later in the public school Mr. Worth was given educational training. Am- bitious to enter the law, he began its study by himself and also perfected his knowledge of stenography until he secured the exacting position of court stenographer and officiated satisfactorily as such in Eastern North Carolina and also in Virginia for four years, not, however, in the meantime neglecting his law studies. His per- severance and diligence were rewarded by admis- sion to the bar in February, 1902. He located for the practice of law in Elizabeth City, and while competent in every branch, has made a specialty of corporation, titles and realty law. In 1904 Mr. Worth was appointed referee in bankruptcy and has served in this office ever since. His knowledge along his special lines is so complete and his accuracy so well established that he has built up a large and valuable practice. Mr. Worth was married October 26, 1910. to Miss Ethel Virginia Etheridge. who is a daughter of Edward Everett and Virginia (Sessoms) Etheridee, natives of Bertie County, North Caro- lina. The father of Mrs. Worth was an extensive planter. In addition to attending to his official duties IVk.L-v-iMC HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 287 and to his constantly increasing law practice, Mr. Worth is interested in some of the city 's success- ful business concerns and is secretary and treasurer of the Elizabeth City Fuel & Supply Company. Politically he is a democrat and has always been loyal to party and friends. For some years he was identified with military affairs at Elizabeth City and in 1906 was commander of the Second Battalion, Xaval Reserves, but resigned from the organization in 1914. Ever since coming to Eliza- beth City to make the place his home, he has taken a sincere interest in the city's welfare and has never stood aloof when his voice or influence were asked to aid in furthering worthy enterprises. Hox. Henry Lilly Cook. The part taken by Henry Lilly Cook in the affairs of his native City of Fayetteville and Cumberland County has been that of an able and conscientious lawyer whose affiliations have always been straightforward and honorable, and also as a public leader in the best sense of that term, one whose counsel and in- fluence have been aligned with the spirit of prog- ress in those matters most vitally affecting the welfare of his home community. Mr. Cook was born in Fayetteville in 1864. Apart from his own achievements his record is interesting because of his influential family connec- tions. His parents, now deceased, were Col. John H. and Mary F. (Starr) Cook, both natives of Cumberland County. The Cook family is of Scotch- Irish ancestry. Mr. Cook 's paternal grandmother was the daughter of James Gee of Cumberland County. James Gee was a Revolutionary patriot of Xorth Carolina. He was one of the signers of the resolution declaring independence of the British crown at a meeting held at Liberty Point. Fayette- ville, in June, 1775. When the armed conflict broke out between the colonies and the mother country he entered the army and was with the Xorth Carolina troops throughout the war. One of Cumberland County's most prominent men before and during the war times was Col. John H. Cook. Prior to the war he was one of Fayetteville 's most prominent merchants. He was senior member of the firm of Cook & Johnson and later of Cook & Lilly, and those firms established wide spread connections throughout Cumberland County. Colonel Cook was a very successful planter and business man. He had been educated at West Point Military Academy, though he never was actually enrolled for service in the United States army. When the Civil war broke out he was about sixty years of age and was not called into active service at the front. Nevertheless he discharged important duties both civil and military for the Confederate Government at Fayetteville and vicin- ity. It was Colonel Cook and Gen. Walter Prauehon who at the beginning of the war or- ganized a force and took possession of and occu- pied the United States Favetteville arsenal. Marv F. Starr, mother of Henry L. Cook, was of English ancestry and belonged to the noted Starr family of Xew England. Her father. John D. Starr, prior to the war between the states was president of the Bank of Favetteville. This bank had a capital of $1,000,000 and was one of the staunchest financial houses in the entire state. One of the sons of Col. John H. Cook was Ed S. Cook, now deceased, who served in the Confederate Army and after the war went to Texas, locating at Tvler, and for several years was clerk of the court of Smith Countv. With much inherited ability and with a liberal education Henry Lilly Cook has justified all. the expectations entertained of him as a useful and diligent citizen and professional man. He was educated at Donaldson Academy at Fayetteville, and studied law under Judge George V. Strong, at his law school in Raleigh, Xorth Carolina. Ad- mitted to the bar in October, 1885, he at once returned to Fayetteville and began the practice which in thirty odd years has made him one of the strongest and most resourceful lawyers of the Cape Fear district. The work he has performed as a lawyer has been matched by a record of many capable services performed to the public. In his home city he has been one of the most constant factors in building up an adequate school system. He did much to perfect the Fayetteville graded schools, and for many years has been a member of the board of trustees, being now vice chairman. He is also chairman of the Board of Directors of the State Colored Xormal School at Fayetteville, which is governed by a board of the leading white citizens of the state. In December, 1916, he retired from one term of service as judge of the County Recorder's Court, the law permitting but one term. Mr. Cook is a director and member of the execu- tive committee of the Xational Bank of Fayette- ville. In general politics he has long been known as one of the most influential democrats in his part of Xorth Carolina. He is a democrat of the old school. While his party has given him many honors, all of them have been merited by the splendid service he has given both his party and the state. He served several times as chairman of the County Democratic Executive Committee and as a member of the State Democratic Execu- tive Committee. For a number of years he has been a campaign orator whose services were con- sidered invaluable to his party. He has twice been a presidential elector. He was president of the Xorth Carolina Electoral College in 1908, when Bryan ran the last time, and as such cast the vote for the state. During the session of 189.°. he was a member of the Lower House of the Legislature from Cumberland County. Mr. Cook has been very active in war work since the United States entered into it. He was chair- man of the Third and Fourth Liberty Loan Com- mittees for Cumberland County in 1918 and suc- ceeded in selling over $907,000 in bonds for the government. The position of Mr. Cook and family at Fayette- ville has been one of unequivocal social esteem. He married Miss Minnie Watson, who was born and reared at Fayetteville. Their six children are named Walter W.. John H.. Henry L.. Jr.. Mary Starr, Alexander E. and Edward S. Walter and John have already gained admission to the bar and their first honors in practice, and became associated with their father at Fayetteville. The son Alexander was recently appointed to a cadet- ship in the United States Xaval Academy at An- napolis, entering that institution in 1916. Walter and Henrv L. Cook, Jr., are in the service of the United States, the former now with the army in France, and the latter in the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps, and is in Philadelphia, where he graduated in June, 1918, at Jefferson Medical College, waiting to go into active service, and both volunteered. Walter served with his company on the Mexican border in 1916 and 1917. Sumter Coe Brawley has been a practicing lawyer at Durham for the past twelve years, and is widely known as a leader in the democratic party in his section of the state, and represented 288 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA his home county in the State Legislature in 1913. Mr. Brawley was born at Mooresville, North Carolina, in April, 1878, a son of Hiram A. and . Susan A. (Mayhew) Brawley. As a boy he at- tended the Mooresville High School, in 1900 was a student in the Business College at Charlotte, and subsequently studied law at the University of North Carolina, where he completed his work in 1905. Since then he has been in active practice and has acquired a good business and high reputa- tion as one of the members of the Durham County bar. His interests led him into politics at an early age, and he was chairman of the Durham County Executive Committee, 1908-10, and was elected and has been a member of the State Democratic Execu- tive Committee since 1912. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of, Elks and has held high and important offices in the former order. He is a member of the Presby- terian Church. In October, 1907, Mr. Brawley married Miss Margaret Burkett. They have three young sons. J. White Ware. A resident of many years of Gastonia, J. White Ware has had : n intimate relation with business affairs there, and has been a factor in and a witness of the remarkable growtli of that city from a small and unimportant town until it is now the most extensive center of the cotton industry in the South. Mr. Ware was born near the historic King 's Mountain in Cleveland County, North Carolina, and is a son of James A. and Martha (Tor- rence) Ware. His father is now deceased. His mother, who now lives at King's Mountain, was of the Torrences of Gaston County, a family prom- inent in that section since prior to the Revolu- tionary war. James A. Ware was a native of Cleveland County, where he spent his active life as a farmer. Though sixteen years of age he volunteered his services in the war between the states and served creditably and gallantly in the ranks of the Forty-ninth North Carolina Infantry, commanded by the famous Colonel McAfee. It was on his father's farm in Cleveland Coun- ty that J. White Ware grew to manhood. Ac- quiring a good education he also learned teleg- raphy and was employed as a railway teleg- rapher for the Southern Railway at Gastonia, King's Mountain and finally was promoted to a position in the office of the train dispatcher, and as such located at Atlanta, Georgia. In 1893 Mr. Ware returned to Gastonia, and that has been his family home for nearly a quarter of a century. On leaving the railroad service lie entered the cotton mill business as a bookkeeper and accountant. His first employment was with the Avon Mill, later with the Gastonia Mill, the Spencer Mountain Mill and finally the Loray Mill. He left the Loray Mill to establish himself in an independent business as a general insurance and real estate man at Gastonia. His work in this line has prospered and he has gained an authoritative position as the best informed fire insurance man in North Carolina. Everthing that concerns the growth and de- velopment of Gastonia is of vital concern to Mr. Ware. He is public spirited and progressive and has always been quick to appreciate the business and civic needs of his community. Early in 1917, although there were three other banks in Gas- tonin, lie realized the opportunity for additional banking facilities in the rapidly growing city, with its extensive industrial interests. He be- came associated as an organizer and director with M. A. Turner, of Grover, North Carolina, and established a new bank. This is organized under a state charter and is known as the Bank of Gastonia, with a capital stock of $50,000. The bank opened for business July 1, 1917. Mr. Ware is also a member of the Gastonia Chamber of Commerce and belongs to various social organ- izations. He married Miss Carrie Belle Wilson, daughter of William Wilson a well known citizen of Gas- ton County. They have a daughter, Miss Mar- garet Ware. John Bushrod Leigh. No body of professional men in Pasquotank County stands higher as to ability and honesty than the bar of Elizabeth City made up, as it mainly is, of men of sturdy old state ancestry, of high connections, and of collegiate advantages. One of the old county names herein worthily represented is borne by John Bushrod Leigh, who is one of the able law- yers of this city and a man prominent in its po- litical life. John Bushrod Leigh was born in Tyrrell County, North Carolina, December 19, 1862, and is a son of Ephraim and Ann Elizabeth (Midgett) Leigh. The father followed farming and also engaged in merchandising and was an honorable, upright man and good citizen all his life. Educated in private schools usually taught by men of high scholarship, and Randolph Macon Col- lege, John Bushrod Leigh pursued his studies at Columbia, and later prepared for college under a local instructor and then entered the law de- partment of the University of North Carolina, where he completed the course and in February, 1889, was admitted to the bar. He located at Newbern, North Carolina, where he practiced for two years. In 1897 he came to Elizabeth City and has built up a fine general practice here and is rated among the most able lawyers in this part of the state. Not only has Mr. Leigh been active and success- ful in his profession, but he has achieved con- siderable distinction in the field of politics. In 1899 he was elected a member of the State Legis- lature and was the first democrat in the county to win at that election. He served as mayor of Elizabeth City in 1901 and then followed two years as justice of the police court. Mr. Leigh was married on February 14, 1894, to Miss Maude Harris, of Brunswick County, Virginia, and they have one daughter, Maude Bushrod Leigh. Mr. Leigh and family are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church and he is chairman of its board of stewards. Other honors have been conferred on him and he is a very use- ful member of the city school board, and has been a trustee of the Eastern North Carolina Training School since its organization. Rev. Dr. Charles Wesley Byrd, for thirty-five years an honored and distinguished member of the North Carolina. Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, died suddenly at Asheville, where he was pastor of the Central Methodist Church, on January 3, 1918. He came of a prominent old family of Harnett County and was born in 1860 and reared at the old Byrd homestead near Buie 's Creek. He was a son of A. J. and Caroline (Shaw) Byrd. He was survived by four brothers, J. L. Byrd, of Georgia, W. P. Bvrd, elsewhere mentioned in this HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 289 publication, Frank and Urquhart Byrd, of Har- nett County, and Mrs. Florence Shaw. The late Doctor Byrd was prepared for col- lege at Lillington by Rev. William Brunt, an ed- ucated Baptist minister and teacher.' Later he was a student under Rev. J. D. Arnold, a Metho- dist minister and teacher at Jonesboro. For two years he was assistant teacher in Mr. Arnold 's school. From there he entered Vanderbilt Uni- versity at Nashville, Tennessee, where he put in a full year at hard work as a student. On return- ing to North Carolina he taught school at Tarboro. There among other pupils he had the now famous Claude Kitchin, the democratic leader in Congress and in many ways next to President Wilson, the- most powerful man in the United States. Doctor Byrd entered the active ministry of the gospel in 1882 as a member of the North Carolina Con- ference, and enjoyed every honor his denomina- tion could give him excepting that of bishop. He held pastorates in the largest and most influ- ential churches in the four states of North Caro- lina, Tennessee, Kentucky and Georgia, was pas- tor at Greensboro and Asheville two different times, Owensboro, Kentucky; Atlanta, Georgia; Augusta, Georgia; and Nashville, Tennessee. He was presiding elder of the Asheville and Shelby districts. A short time before his death he was elected a delegate to the General Conference. He was a member of the board of trustees of Vander- bilt University. Doctor Byrd for all his services, which made him so widely known and honored, is recalled by many of his intimates for his striking attain- ments as a scholar. He was a man of the broad- est culture and intellectual attainments. There is seldom met outside the profession of teaching so thorough and perfect a classical scholar as was Doctor Byrd. He was deeply grounded in Latin and Greek, was also well versed in French lan- guage and literature, and it is said that he could talk and make extemporaneous addresses in either of the ancient classical tongues. Doctor Byrd married Miss Hattie Bobbitt. Her father. Dr. W. H. Bobbitt, was a prominent Methodist clergyman and at one time presiding elder of the North Carolina Conference. Mrs. Byrd survives her honored husband. They had one son, W. B. Byrd, who was well educated and was making a name for himself as an attorney at Greensboro until he volunteered his services in the Aviation Corps of the National Army. The many friends of Doctor Byrd will appreci- ate some of the things said of him in the editorial in the Greensboro News, one of the largest and must influential papers of North Carolina. This editorial is given herewith entire. ' ' Many things might be said with entire truth of the high character, exemplary citizenship and zealous spirit of nearly every man in the clergy of the Methodist Church. A smaller number of those in the Western North Carolina Conference, but not an inconsiderable group, might each day be further described in much broader and more specific terms with reference to their eloquence, scholarship, deep thought and leadership. And in respect of many delightful qualities and cer- tain fine talents Rev. Dr. Charles W. Byrd stood out conspicuously among these. Now that he has gone from us, men and women will but repeat the things they were accustomed to say of him while yet he lived. ''Doctor Byrd possessed a surpassing native elo- quence. He was a scholar of high attainments and constant industry. Mental activity was that Vol. v— 19 form of activity in which he delighted. His men- tality was overbalancing. Here was a rare com- bination of ordered, scholarly thought with the ability to express it with both exactness and force. But his was no mere coldly brilliant in- tellectuality. He was a man, a priest of both spiritual conviction and spiritual habit. Had he been a physician or a lawyer, business man, an actor or a scamp, any sort of villian, he would still have been popular, for he was endowed with the gift of magnetic personality and with the gift of humor, and was a delightful story teller. ' ' He was a man of compassionate heart, but sentimentality was not allowed to overbalance sense. His benefactions were constant, and doubt- less often to unworthy objects, but they were systematic and sensible. He was deeply and most intelligently interested in citizenship, in man as a political as well as a religous being; his admira- tion for justice and his resentment of brutality and wrong amounted to a passion; he esteemed wholly that which was constructive, positive, vig- orous, direct, frank, in public and private busi- ness. ' ' Walter Pierce Byrd has been a citizen of Harnett County since his birth, June 26, 1867, and there are numerous services by which his name has come to be esteemed and respected in that community. He has been a teacher, farmer, surveyor, well qualified lawyer and now clerk of the Superior Court, with home at Lillington. The Byrds are old timers of North Carolina. They are of English ancestry, first settled in Vir- ginia and from there moved to Wake County, North Carolina. The grandfather of Walter P. Byrd was Jesse Byrd. The father, the late A. J. Byrd, who died in 1901, was born near Green Level in Wake County, North Carolina, April 1. 1815. In 1853 he moved his family to Harnett County, having bought land at Buie 's Creek. While there he cleared a farm out of the wilder- ness which then covered this section of the state. He was thus identified with the pioneer things of Harnett County, then a part of Cumberland County, and was a man of highly respected char- acter and activities throughout his long life. He married Caroline Shaw, who died in 1910. She was a sister of the late Maj. B. F. Shaw, one of the old and prominent families of Harnett County. Further particular 's regarding this branch of the Shaw family, which is of Scotch ancestry, will be found under the name Allen M. Shaw elsewhere in this publication. The Shaws were some of the original Scotch settlers in the Cape Fear District. Walter Pierce Byrd was born at Buie's Creek in Harnett County, North Carolina. Altogether his early environment was best fitted to bring out and develop his latest talents and possibilities. He grew up neither in wealth nor extreme pov- erty and his parents were good and substantial people who believed and practiced the gospel of honest industry and instilled sound habits in their children. In the intervals of work with his hands Walter Pierce Byrd attended the old district school, but received his most important education in the Buie 's Creek Academy under Prof. J. A. Campbell, its founder. He was a member of the first class of this now famous institution. He also spent a few months in the Davis Military Academy. Be- fore taking up the law Mr. Byrd was a farmer, school teacher and surveyor and altogether devoted about ten years to work in the public and other schools of Harnett and adjoining counties. 290 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA In 1907 he resigned in Buie's Creek Academy to begin the study of law at the State University at Chapel Hill, where he finished the course and was licensed to practice in February, 1909. He at once opened his office at Lillington, the county seat, and enjoyed a good and growing business as a lawyer until in 1914 he was elected to his pres- ent office as clerk of the Superior Court for Harnett County. Since then he has retired from practice and gives all his attention to this office, which he holds for a term of four years. He built and he and his family occupy one of the beautiful homes of the county seat. Mr. Byrd has for some years been a man of growing prominence and influence in the repub- lican party of this section of North Carolina. For six years he was county chairman of the Republican Executive Committee of Harnett Coun- ty. He did much to revitalize the organization during that time in the county. For some years a republican candidacy for office was a forlorn hope. However, Mr. Byrd accepted some nomina- tions as a sacrifice due the cause. In 1910 he was candidate for state senator from the Fifteenth District, being defeated by seventy-three votes and in 1912 was candidate for the Legislature and again reduced the democratic majority to a narrow margin. In 1914 he was elected clerk of the Superior . Court by 278 votes. When the Spanish-American war broke out in 1898 Mr. Bryd went to Fayetteville and enlisted in the Fayetteville Independent Light infantry, which became Company A of the Second North Carolina Regiment of Volunteers. He is an active member and has served as an officer of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. In November, 1909, Mr. Byrd married Miss Zula Tomlinson, whose people were one of the prominent and substantial old families of Clay- ton, Johnston County. Mr. and Mrs. Byrd have had four children: Annie Ruth, Evelyn, Lois and Emma Poteet. The first named died at the age of nine months, while the last named died in No- vember, 1917, at the age of seventeen months. Joseph Ezekiel Pogtje. North Carolina re- ceived a very valuable accession to its citizenship when Joseph Ezekiel Pogue came across the moun- tains from his native section of Jefferson County in Eastern Tennessee and began clerking in a gen- eral store at Hillsboro. Mr. Pogue brought with him at that time all the virile qualities of the peo- ple of the hill district in Eastern Tennessee, though he had no money and only a common school train- ing as a preparation for the serious business of life. His parents were Rev. John and Priscilla ( Carter) Pogue. After his early experience as a clerk in a store he went on the road as a traveling tobacco salesman. After four years in that he began the manufacture of tobacco at Henderson, North Caro- lina, in 1875, and nine years later moved his plant and factory to Raleigh in 1884. He continued the business actively until he sold out about 1904. The service by which Mr. Pogue has chiefly endeared himself to the people of North Carolina is his long continued work as secretary of the North Carolina State Fair Association. He has been continuously in that office since 1899, and if any one man de- serves credit for making the association a great success it is Mr. Pogue. The annual state fair is now an institution that attracts thousands and thousands of visitors and stimulates state pride, the development of the state 's industries and re- sources, and is one of the most complete educa- tional agencies in the state. Since Mr. Pogue became secretary he has brought about the im- provement of the association property by the in- vestment of $40,000 in new buildings, has increased the attendance and has also given the fair a pre- mium list sufficient to attract a wide and char- acteristic list of exhibits. This has been by no means his only public serv- ice. Mr. Pogue is chairman of the board of directors for the State School for the Blind, in- cluding both white and colored. He has held this office since the organization, having been its only incumbent. For two years he served as city alder- man of Raleigh, and declined re-election. Much of ■ his civic work in Raleigh has been done through the medium of the Chamber of Co mme rce and he was three times elected its president. He was chairman of the committee of that body which framed the commission form of government, and was also chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Committee which established the White Way in Raleigh. He was chairman of the committee which introduced and put into effect the Australian bal- lot system in Raleigh, and was also commissioner general from North Carolina in installing the state exhibit in the Jamestown Exposition of 1907. Mr. Pogue is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Improved Order of Red Men and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and belongs to the Country, the Capital and Rotary clubs. In February, 1884, he married Henrietta Kramer of Raleigh. Her father, Nathan Kramer, was a native of Germany. The attainments of their only son, Joseph E. Pogue, Jr., are a matter of special pride to Mr. and Mrs. Pogue. This son was grad- uated from the University of North Carolina in 1906, took his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Yale University, and held a chair in the faculty of Northwestern University of Evanston, Illinois, for a term of three years. Besides his scholarship opportunities in this country he spent one year in the University of Berlin, Germany. He is at this time engaged in special work for the United States. Frank Nichols Egerton, for a period of forty years has been merchant, banker and school and church official at Louisburg. Through the re- lationships described by these words he has gained a high degree of success for himself and rendered an invaluable service to this community. His mature years and the working out of his larger plans have occurred in the same region where he was born and where he spent his youth. Mr. Egerton was born at Louisburg April 11, 1853, son of Charles J. and Mary T. (Pitchford) Egerton. His father was a plain and substantial farmer of Franklin County. Leaving the private school where his education had been supervised until the age of sixteen, Frank N. Egerton went to work as clerk in a' general store and in 1877 established a general merchandise and general cot- ton business of his own at Louisburg. He devel- oped it to large and successful proportions and finally sold out in 1910. He was one of the or- ganizers, for many years a director and since 1911 has been president of the Farmers and Mer- chants Bank of Louisburg. He owns a large amount of real estate in and around the town. For a number of years Mr. Egerton served as chairman of the Board of Education of the graded schools and is also a former town commissioner. He is a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church and for fifteen years was steward and superin- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 291 tendent of its Sunday school. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masonic Order. November 31, 1877, he married Pattie B. Davis, of Warren County, North Carolina. Ten children were born to their marriage, and they lost two of them, one in infancy and the other as Mrs. B. 6. Hicks. The eight living children are Charles Edward; Frank Nichols, Jr., assistant professor in Butledge College; Florence May, who is Mrs. Wingate Underbill; Blanche, who is Mrs. G. Spencer Baker, of Louisburg; Weldon Davis, in the real estate and insurance business; Elliott Leslie, a resident of Louisburg; Graham B., a soldier in the United States Army ; and Kathleen, at home. At the present time Elliott, Frank Jr., Weldon Davis and Graham are all in the United States service. James Sprunt, of Alex Sprunt & Son, one of North Carolina's greatest cotton export houses, and a most valuable citizen of Wilmington and the state, and especially in his later years of semi-retirement from business, has done much to enrich the historical literature of his home state. While his material achievements would go far to give him a most creditable position among the masterful men of affairs, it is no doubt true that his books will be read and valued when no trace of business action remains. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, James Sprunt has been a loyal adopted son of North Carolina since he was five years old. He was educated partly in Scotland and partly in North Carolina — -in the Grove Academy in Kenansville, in Mr. Jewett's school and under Rev. Mr. Mengert. His father, who was educated in Edinburg, was unable to send him to the University of North Carolina, for which he was prepared, but he was a student by nature and from youth has carefully developed his faculty for consecutive thinking, which with the information obtained from broad and often specialized reading has given him that power for business and literary execution which only few men of university training ever acquire. He was in business at the age of fourteen, in 1S61, and when the war broke out, he sought an appointment where he could utilize the knowledge he had acquired of navigation. Later he was purser on the "North Heath." Following that came a period of illness, and after recovery he was again purser of the ' ' Lilian ' ' under Capt. John N. Maffitt, C. S. N., for four successful voyages. In August, 1864, this runner was sur- Tounded by four Federal cruisers' and wholly disabled by bombshells, the crew becoming prisoners of war. Eight months of detention at Fort Macon and Fortress Monroe and elsewhere followed, and Mr. Sprunt did his concluding work for the Confederacy as purser of the blockade- runner "Susan Beirne. " In the half century that has elapsed since the exploits of the southern blockade-runner, Mr. Sprunt has devoted his energies to the building up of a great cotton business, at first in association with his father, and later as head of a firm com- posed of himself and his brother William H. Sprunt that maintained fifty-three agencies in for- eign countries. It was the immense volume of business handled by this firm that was responsible for Wilmington becoming the fifth cotton port in the United States. Through it all much of his time and energies have been engaged by community and public interests. For many years he has been prominent in all the activities of the Presbyterian Church. He has served as president of the Wilmington Produce Exchange, president of the Seamen's Friend Society, president of the Young Men's Christian Association, president of the State Literary and Historical Association of North Caro- lina, chairman of the board of commissioners of Navigation and Pilotage, secretary of the Wil- mington Lyceum and member of the city schools committee, and is a member of the board of trustees of the University of North Carolina, which honored him with the degree of LL. D. He is also a member causa honoris, of the Alpha Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of the College of William and Mary in Virginia. In 1884 he suc- ceeded his father as British vice consul at Wil- mington, and served in that capacity for thirty-one years. When the Cuban war vessel ' ' Cuba ' ' was seized and dismantled at Wilmington by the Federal authorities, Mr. Sprunt as vice consul pre- pared for the British government a full report of the case, which was highly complimented by Lord Salisbury. In this connection it should be said that later, when Captain Maffitt took command of the Cuba, he offered Mr. Sprunt the position of executive officer. The best review so far of Mr. Sprunt 's work and character as a literary man is found in a sketch of Prof. J. G. DeRoulhae Hamilton, who says: ' ' What he has produced is of such character as to make those familiar with it wish that all his time might be given to writing. He writes in a style distinctively his own and with a quaint di- rectness that charms the reader. Combined with this, he is possessed of a keen historical perception, has the power of analysis coupled with a sense of proportion, always treats a subject without preju- dice, and is extremely accurate and painstaking. The Lower Cape Fear has naturally attracted most of his attention and has furnished the subject of most of his historical work. "His first work of the kind was a, large pamph- let which he published in 1883 when he retired from the presidency of the Wilmington Produce Exchange. Entitled 'Information and Statistics of Wilmington, North Carolina,' it collected and gave many facts of historical importance. "In 1896 he published a work which was more historical in character and more literary in treat- ment, ' Tales and Traditions of the Lower Cape Fear. ' The book, as its name implies, was not intended to be a critical history; its object was to awaken interest in the subject of the Cape Fear region and preserve those traditions which, handed down for many years by word of mouth, lend a charm to any locality to which they relate, and notably so, as far as concerns North Carolina, in the case of the Cape Fear country. This object has been attained, for the book has been widely read and has lent new impetus to the study of the proud history of the Lower Cape Fear. Two years later he published an interesting little pamphlet entitled 'A Colonial Apparition.' This is historical fiction of the most interesting kind. "In 1901 he wrote in the first volume of the North Carolina booklet, 'Tales of the Blockade of the Cape Fear. ' This subject he is particularly fitted to treat, and in the same year he contributed to the North Carolina Regimental History an article of considerable length on the subject, en- titled 'Blockade-running of the Cape Fear.' This account of blockade running out of Wil- mington would be valuable under any circum- stances, for it is an accurate and interesting contribution to that important part of the history of the Civil war. But as it is the onlv account 292 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA we have of blockade-running in North Carolina, and one which includes much incidental history of the conditions existent at the time it is invalu- able. An interesting and valuable part of the article is a long list of blockade-runners and their pilots. This is information which could not be obtained even now, and Mr. Sprunt has performed a valuable service in preserving it. The article also includes a short biography of Captain Maf- fitt and of several other men prominent in the history of the blockade. It is a matter of regret that it has never been published separately. The importance of the blockade-running- has never been fully appreciated, and a full history of the part Wilmington played in it would be very valu- able. No man could write it as well as Mr. Sprunt, and it is to be hoped that he may yet undertake the work. ' ' The same year two addresses which Mr. Sprunt had delivered before the North Carolina Society of Colonial Dames at Old Brunswick were published by the society. They were ' Old Bruns- wick ' and ' Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilming- ton. ' Both are accurate and scholarly and form another valuable contribution to our history. ' ' Mr. Sprunt has written several memorial monographs on the occasions of the death of three of Wilmington's most distinguished and valued citizens, namely: Hon. George Davis, formerly attorney general of the Confederacy; David G. Worth, Esq., and Dr. A. J. DeRossett." Professor Hamilton also mentions ' ' A Blockade- runner 's Yarn, " "A Colonial Admiral of the Cape Fear, ' ' and some verse of ' ' genuine merit and great sweetness, ' ' among which he ranks "The Bell Buoy "as probably the. best and "The Wilderness ' ' for its remarkable word painting. Since the above was written Mr. Sprunt has gratified the expectations of his friends by bring- ing out a work of first magnitude, ' ' Chronicles of Cape Pear River, 1660-1916. ' ' published at Raleigh in 1917. A' convincing recommendation of its historical and literary quality to a host of Amer- ican readers of historical literature who have not hitherto been made acquainted with the writings of Mr. Sprunt is the following brief review which appeared in ' ' the New Republic. ' ' ' ' Few community histories, except those of the upper Atlantic seaboard cities, are richer in tra- ditions and events connected with the vivid points in American history than the history of the Cape Fear River Colony, Wilmington and North Caro- lina. This is an amusing and veracious chronicle of this particular community, documented and detailed. The author has diligently searched the records, including articles by those who have written special monographs, and his own memory takes him back beyond the Civil war. His per- sonal experiences in blockade-running, together with the experiences of his friends, furnish rather illuminating precedents for the student of inter- national law on the seas. It is with something of a start of discovery at the immutable qualities of human nature that one reads of the incident of the War of 1812 when ' A diving vessel of the Americans ' made an attempt to sink a British blockade ship, commanded by Sir Thomas Hardy. The English captain promptly called this 'a most atrocious proceeding, ' ' threatening to bring a hundred American prisoners of war to the boat, who would certainly perish, if the second attempt proved successful. Thereupon relatives of the prisoners urged petitions which were ' presented to the American Government to induce its execu- tive to prohibit the use of the diving vessel and its armament in future naval warfare. ' Of course Mr. Sprunt does not pretend to give any economic interpretation of his facts, after the manner of the new embarrassing historians. He is content to set down what he knows, flavoring the hard records with the spice of stories and anecdotes. But the historian who wants a naive, unconscious account of one cross-section of American history could hardly go to a more fruitful place than to this characteris- tic community chronicle. ' ' William J. McDiaemid. The plantation near Raeford in Hoke County owned by William J. Me- Diarmid is doubly interesting, not only for the high standards of its agricultural efficiency but also for the many family associations which center around it. The McDiarmids are fine examples of the best type of sturdy, thrifty, God-fearing Scotch people who made this section of North Carolina one of the wealthiest and in some respects the most desirable part of the state. The founder of the family was William L. McDiarmid, grandfather of the present proprietor of the plantation. He was a native of Scotland and in the early days came to what was then a part of Cumberland County, now Hoke County.. He lived here the life of a prac- tical planter the rest of his days. The McDiarmid plantation where three genera- tions of the family have lived is on Toney's Creek in Quewhiffle Township on the Pike Road three miles west of Raeford. The original home of William L. McDiarmid was on the old Lumberton and Carthage Road, near where it joins the Pike Road. This farm was for many years the scene of the activities of David A. McDiarmid, who was born in 1840, at the same place now occupied by his son William J. He was a soldier all through the war between the states, and his four brothers were also in the service, all of whom came out unscathed by wounds from enemies. David A. McDiarmid, who died several years ago, was at one time a county commissioner of Cumberland County and for a long period of time was a local magistrate. His home and residence were always in Cumberland County, since Hoke County was not created until 1911. David A. McDiarmid married Mary E. Bostic, who is still living. She was born in Upper Rich- mond County, daughter of the late James Bostic, founder of Bostic 's Mills in that county and mem- ber of a numerous and prominent family of that name. William J. McDiarmid was born in 1872. At the time of his birth his parents were living tem- porarily on a farm a few miles below Raeford. However, he grew up and has made his home since childhood on the old McDiarmid plantation above described. His father at one time owned about 1,300 acres, but the present plantation consists of about 500 acres. A portion of William J. McDiarmid 's youth was within the period known as the Reconstruction era, while the South was struggling to rehabilitate itself after the ravages of war. For that reason he had more limited opportunities than the position of his family socially would have otherwise justified. Then when he was nineteen years of age his father died and that threw upon him responsibilities practic- ally equivalent to necessitating a complete new start. Allien he took the management of the plantation he found many of its resources depleted and the wealth of the land ineffective and un- DAYID A. McDIABMID t A- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 293 productive because of long years of neglect. It has been his task to revive and rebuild the old farm, and today there is not a better farm in all Hoke County. Mr. McDiarmid well sustains the reputation throughout this section as a modern and up to date agriculturist, one who makes a busi- ness and a very successful one out of crop grow- ing. His staple crop is cotton. Mr. McDiarmid is an elder in Bethel Presby- terian Church. This church is only a short dis- tance from his home. Both his father and grand- father before him were elders. Much valuable history pertaining to this part of North Carolina centers around Bethel Church. It was founded by the Scotch Presbyterians during their early settlement in North Carolina, and the story of the church goes back as far as the year 1797. William J. McDiarmid married Miss Carrie Thomas, a granddaughter of James and Charlotte < Roper) Thomas, and a daughter of William Jack- son and Mary Jane (Covington) Thomas. These family names have long been prominent in North Carolina, and other information concerning the Thomas family will be found on other pages of this publication. Josephus Daniels. From editor of a country paper in North Carolina at the age of eighteen, Josephus Daniels has become one of conspicuous figures in American political life, though he is still a North Carolina publisher and one of the most loyal and devoted citizens of that state. He was born at Washington, North Carolina, May 18, 1862, a son of Josephus and Mary (Cleves) Daniels. His education was completed in the Wil- son Collegiate Institute of this state, and at the age of eighteen he was publishing at Wilson his first paper, The Cornucopia. Since then for thirty- five years he has been closely identified with journalism in his native state. With a genius for this profession, he is one of the few who have kept their profession standard inviolate. His work as a journalist and editor has been distinguished by a certain fearlessness and a depth of moral conviction on every issue which he has espoused or opposed. In 1885 Mr. Daniels was admitted to the bar, but has never used his legal knowledge to practice. In the same year he became editor of the Raleigh State Chronicle, and in 1894 con- solidated the State Chronicle and the North Caro- linian with the News and Observer, and has since been its editor. From 1887 to 1893, Mr. Daniels was state printer for North Carolina. He served as chief clerk in the Department of the Interior at Washington, from 1893 to 1895. In the democratic party he has been a member of the Democratic National Com- mittee for twenty years, longer it is said, thau any other national committeeman except one. In the campaign of 1908 he was chairman of the Literary Bureau and in the campaign of 1912, was chairman of the Press Committee at Baltimore and chairman of the Publicity Committee in the subsequent campaign. On March 5, 1913, he be- came Secretary of the Navy in President Wilson's cabinet and since then has been a constant figure in national affairs. He has been a member of several democratic national conventions, has served as a trustee of the University of North Carolina, was at one time president of the North Carolina Editorial Asso- ciation. On May 2. 1888, he married Addie Bagley, daughter of Major W. H. Bagley and a sister of Ensign Walter Bagley, the first American and the only officer killed in the Spanish- American war. Mr. and Mrs. Daniels have four sons. Romulus Armistead Nunn. During nearly twenty years of active membership in the New- born bar Mr. Nunn has gained many euviable distinctions in his profession, and along with these have gone numerous services in behalf of the gen- eral welfare of his state and community. He is an able lawyer and a conscientious and _ duty-per- forming citizen. He was born in Jones Countv, North Carolina, June 22, 1876, a son of Henry S. and Nancy F. (Koonce) Nunn. From 1885 to 1891 Mr. Nunn attended the public sehools of Newbem, was a student in Davidson College during 1894-95, and following that was enrolled in the University of North Carolina until 1897. He studied law in private offices and was admitted to the bar in 1898. Mr. Nunn is attorney for and was one of the first stockholders of the Newbem Building & Loan Association. For nine years he has been city attorney. Educational movements have always taken a strong hold upon his interests, and he has done much for the benefit of the local schools. For ten years he served as chairman of the Board of Education of Craven County, is a trustee of the graded sehools, and is also a member of the township school board. Other strong interests are in behalf of good roads, the State Sanitarium for Consumptives, and he is now a director of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society. Mr. Nunn was elected and served as a member of the Legislature of 1911. He is active in the chamber of commerce, and is chairman of the relief fund for volunteer firemen at Newbern. Mr. Nunn was married April 28, 1903, to Eliza- beth Guion Nicholls, of New Orleans, Louisiana, daughter of Gen. Francis T. Nicholls, twice gov- ernor and long chief justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. They have two children: Elizabeth Nicholls and Eleanor Drake. Mr. Nunn is a member of the college fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the United Sons of Confederate Veterans. Walter Eugene Daniel has had a brilliant career as a lawyer in Halifax County, where he began practice over thirty-five years ago and where he has enjoyed every form of success and honor w-hich the true and able lawyer values most highly. Mr. Daniel was born August 14, 1859, at Wel- don, where his own active career has been spent as a " prophet not without honor in his own country.'' His parents were Rufus Whitfield and Narcissa ( Allen ) Daniel. His father was a merchant. Walter E. Daniel received his first advantages in private schools. In 1878, before he was nineteen years of age, he graduated from Wake Forest College, valedictorian of his class, and with the degree Master of Arts. He studied law with Judge Strong at Raleigh and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1880, and was thus prepared to take up his professional career at the time he reached his legal majority. He began build- ing up a practice at Weldon on January 1, 1881, and has been steadily at work there ever since. For four vears while gaining his first honors as 294 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA a lawyer he served as solicitor of the Inferior Court and for twelve years occupied the more responsible p> os iton as solicitor for the Second Judicial District. Mr. Daniel served as a member of the State Senate of North Carolina in 1907 and again in 1913, he is a trustee of the State College of Agricultural and Engineering Arts of Raleigh, a trustee of Wake Forest College, presi- dent of the Bank of Weldon, director of the Weldon Manufacturing Company and of the Shaw Cotton Mill, deacon of the Baptist Church and member in high standing of the North Carolina and American Bar associations. June 6, 1888, Mr. Daniel married Jeannette E. Snead, of Eluvanna County, Virginia. They have become the parents of a family of eight children: Jeannette is the wife of Ashby W. Dunn, an at- torney at Scotland Neck, North Carolina; Eugene Allen is in the banking business at Weldon, North Carolina; Lieut. Charles Rufus is serving his country in the National Army; Donald Snead was a student in the University of North Carolina until he enlisted in the aviation service; Louis Broaddus is in the Agricutural and Engineer- ing College at Raleigh; and the younger children are Nareissa Bruce, a high school student, and Walter Eugene, Jr., and John Wallace in gram- mar school. Joseph Florence Leitner. Among the labors which enlist the activities of mankind there are none which have a more important bearing upon the growth and development of a community than those which have to do with the building and architecture and their allied interests. The pro- fessions which fashion and erect the homes of citizens and the buildings which house large enterprises are among the oldest and most honored, and in their ranks are found men who have risen to high positions in the world. The communities in which are found men of enterprise and energy in these fields seldom lack civic zeal and progress, and in this direction Wilmington has been singu- larly fortunate. In the ranks of the leading architects of this part of North Carolina, one of the most prominent is Joseph Florence Leitner, whose operations have covered practically all of this state, and have extended to adjoining com- monwealths of the South. Mr. Leitner was born in Columbia County, Georgia, June 13, 1871, and is a son of Henry Daniel and Annie (Jackson) Leitner. His father was a well known wholesale druggist of Augusta, Georgia, where the youth secured his early edu- cation, following which he entered Emory College School of Technology, now the Georgia School of Technology. He secured his initial experience in the offices of various architects in the East and West, and in 1890 began the practice of his profession at Augusta, Georgia, in partnership with A. W. Todd, under the firm style of Todd & Leitner. This association continued until 1893, when the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Leit- ner continued alone, at Augusta until 1905, when he came to Wilmington and opened an office for business as J. F. Leitner. In January, 1917, he opened a branch office at Atlanta, Georgia. His operations have covered the states of North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, and have included the designing of courthouses, libraries, office buildings, bank buildings, schools and private residences. Some of his finest and most artistic work may be seen at Wilmington, where he designed many of the largest buildings, notably the Union Station and the office building of the Atlantic Coast Line, the Wilmington Sav- ings and Trust Company and the American Bank and Trust Company. That his standing is high in his profession is shown in the fact that he has twice been president of the North Carolina Archi- tectural Association, and that he belongs to the North Carolina State Board of Architecture, which has charge of the examinations and registrations of all architects practicing in the state. He stands high in Masonry, having reached the thirty-second degree and the Shrine. Since com- ing to Wilmington he has been deeply interested in the city's welfare, and no citizen has been more active in the promotion of progress and advance- ment and none enjoys a higher standing, either in business or social circles. On February 1, 1895, Mr. Leitner was married to Miss Mavie Zachary, of Augusta, Georgia, daughter of William N. and Harriet (Griffin) Zachary. William J. Olive. North Carolina rivals any state in the Union in the wealth of illustrative material it can furnish depicting the development of factories, the building up of communities and the fascinating processes involved in hundreds of individual fortunes. The important fact of it all is how in so many cases individual men or women have exercised their efforts with such effective purpose as to practically create these factories, communities and personal fortunes. Such men have not been overwhelmed by the destiny of events, but have ordered that destiny according to their own desires. All of this is a preface to a little story which centers in the extreme western part of Harnett County, in Barbecue Township, on the Sanford branch of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway. In former years something resembling a village or- ganization existed known as Bock Branch. About half a dozen years ago, in October, 1912, William J. Olive, who had found some profit and had derived a great deal of enthusiasm and interest in the culture of tobacco along the Dan Biver in Rockingham County, came to Rock Branch, seeking a new location. Tobacco had been grown at Rock Branch but never on a commercial or con- centrated scale. It was Mr. Olive's hope and in- tention to make this country an important source of the leaf tobacco of North Carolina. Many men have splendid visions, but cannot contrive to utilize their limited means in realizing them. Mr. Olive brought with him less than five hundred dollars cash capital. He applied some of it on the purchase price of $5,200 for 600 acres. As soon as he gained possession he began clearing and preparing the land for tobacco culture. His own labor was only a small part of a general plan, which involved the interesting of a number of tobacco farmers to become tenants and operators on his land. About that time Mr. Olive made the acquaint- ance of Mr. J. A. Harps, who had become a large landowner in this vicinity and had established a profitable specialty in the growing of peaches. Mr. Harps was a capitalist from Greenville, Ohio, one of the important centers of the Ohio tobacco production, and was therefore open . to the argu- ments advanced by Mr. Olive that he use some of his land and facilities for growing tobacco. To- day the Harps tobacco farm, adjoining that of HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 295 Mr. Olive on the south, is said to be the largest and one of the best tobacco plantations in the South. In 1918 Mr. Olive put in an individual crop of fifty acres in tobacco. But within a very small radius surrounding his own property, on tracts that have been sold to tobacco farmers, an acre- age of fully a thousand has been planted to the weed. During the last two months of 1917 Mr. Olive sold over $40,000 worth of small farms within two miles of Olivia, all devoted to to- bacco planting. He has thus become the founder of the tobacco industry in Harnett County, and the citizens of the old community of Rock Branch, recognizing the value of what he has done, changed the name of the village to Olivia. With the influx of numerous families many substantial homes have been built, and a back- woods, unprogressive district has been transformed into one of the livest and most forward-looking sections of the state. Mr. Olive made a special study of tobacco grow- ing, and has achieved success in a profitable and highly specialized branch of agriculture, not only for himself, but in providing opportunities for many others. Good farmers, without capital, have been given the means of getting a new start at Olivia, and some of them are already on the high- road to prosperity. From the modest operations set in motion by Mr. Olive five years ago a new and already extensive tobacco district has been developed bearing the reputation of producing the finest smoking tobacco in the world. Perhaps no one would have to be told that discouragements and setbacks interrupted the course of success, and in spite of all this to bring the enterprise to its pres- ent status is a monument to the energy and per- severance of Mr. Olive. Olivia village and immediate vicinity now con- tain over two hundred people, all active workers, and more are constantly coming. Mr. Olive, after seeing these colonists located, works with and alongside them, and furnishes them every encour- agement and assistance possible, his own expe- rience enabling him to render a service correspond- ing to that of the most expert agricultural agent and specialist. But even more, he has practically financed the early operations of many of his neigh- bors, furnishing horses, houses, implements, seed, etc. While tobacco growing requires more labor and expense than a crop of corn, the revenues are correspondingly higher. In 1917 one traet of two and a half acres at Olivia produced net returns of $508. Furnishing productive business is only one side of building up a real community. At least two other vital and indispensable considerations are good roads and good schools. Mr. Olive went to work as a leader in the matter of schools, and the Legislature incorporated Olivia as a special tax district. The rough two-room frame school has recently been replaced by a modern four-room brick house, and with educational service as advanced over conditions of a few years ago as the material equipment itself. The modesty of Mr. Olive would not permit him to say so, but from others it was learned that the special tax required for this elab- orate school program was assumed willingly and entirely by Mr. Olive. He and Mr. Harps together were the means of constructing a stretch of good road, sand-clay, twelve miles north and south of Olivia, and the road-way, thirty feet wide from ditch to ditch, was finished without the expenditure of a cent of puhlic money. The founder of Olivia represents one of the old and rock-bottom families of North Carolina. He was born in Chatham County in 1867, a son of Monroe C. and Orilla (Siler) Olive. Both parents are now deceased. His mother was of the Chatham County family for whom Siler City is named. His father, who was a farmer and saw several years of service in the ranks of the Confederate Army dur- ing the war, was a native of Wake County, and son of Cador Olive, one of the most conspicuous figures in the early annals of that locality. He was of Scotch parentage, and represented the sturdiest type of Scot. When the eastern part of Chatham County had only a sprinkling of pioneers he cleared up a space which up to that time had never been touched by the civilizing hand of man. He lived a long life of the strictest honor and Tectitude, dying at the advanced age of ninety- three. An exemplar of religious faith, he was founder of Olive's chapel of the Missionary Bap- tist denomination at his home place in Chatham County. A better monument no man could desire than this church. It has continued a flourishing institution from the date of its foundation. Though situated in the country five miles from the nearest town, it today enjoys the distinction of having a Sunday school with an average attendance of 303 the year around. Probably no other country church in the south can quite match this record. A large and commodious building furnishes all facilities, including a modern Sunday school equipment for the membership of 500 or more. This church is the pride of the Baptist denomination in North Carolina. Mr. William J. Olive and family have always been supporting members of the Missionary Bap- tist Church in their respective communities. Mr. Olive married in Rockingham County Miss Daisy Webster, daughter of Benjamin R. Webster, of that county. Their seven children are : Blanche, wife of J. C. Weber; Grace, wife of Dewitt Mc- Neill; William J., Obed, Rucker, Queen and De- Anna. William J. Olive, Jr., is one of the young Amer- icans of these days who are increasing objects of attention and patriotic admiration. He was nine- teen years old in 1918. At seventeen he volun- teered in the United States Navy, having his father 's sanction to that step. He has shown tal- ent for effective performance, and young as he is has been made gunner in charge of a deck on the battleship Arizona. Arch Jefferson Wood, whose name is known all over Wake County as the present incumbent of the office of register of deeds, has found his time and talents variously engaged since he reached man- hood, but has spent much of the time in capable performance of puhlic duty. He was born in Wake County June 8, 1872, in the town of Apex. His parents were James Jef- ferson and Nancy Green (Jones) Wood. His father, who was born in Anson county, North Carolina, was a shoemaker and farmer. The mother, a native of Wake county, was a grand- daughter of Green H. Alford and Austin Jones, both of whom were very prominent in the early days of Wake County. Arch J. Wood grew up on his father's farm at Apex and had the advantages of private schools. Starting out independently, he was in the general merchandise business at Apex for seven years, for two of those years being senior member of the firm of Wood & Sears. He has 296 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA also been a newspaper man, having established the first weekly paper in Wake County outside of Raleigh. This was the Apex News, and he con- ducted it successfully for six years. For eight years he was mail carrier at Apex, working under the Civil Service rules. In 1910 Mr. Wood was called to Raleigh as deputy register of deeds, and after serving in that capacity four years his complete familiarity with the details of the office and his general popu- larity over the county resulted in his election as county register of deeds in 1914. He was re-elect- ed in 1915, and there is no office in the courthouse at Raleigh conducted on a basis of better busi- ness efficiency and with more adequate service to the public than his. He has also aligned himself with the progressive citizens of Raleigh and is a member of the Cham- ber of Commerce. He has always been an active democrat. Fraternally he is a member of Holly Springs Lodge No. 115, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Masons; is past noble grand of Seaton Gale Lodge of Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, and a past councilor of Lodge No. 238, Junior Order of United American Mechanics at Apex. He has served as secretary of the Junior Order and also of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is now a member of the First Bap- tist Church of Raleigh, but for thirteen years was clerk of the First Baptist Church at Apex. On September 16, 1897, at Apex, he married Miss Bessie A. Holleman, daughter of Nathan Hollemau, a former postmaster at Apex. They are the parents of five children: Archibald Dewey, born in September, 1898 ; Wendell, Juanita, Caesar Grady and Irma Eloise. John E. McAllister. Through his own busy and successful career as a contractor, especially in the building of cotton mills, John E. McAl- lister has justified his possession of a notable family ancestry and the prestige associated with an honored family name. He is a member of the McAllister family so numerously represented in Cumberland, Gaston and other counties of the state. All of them are de- scendants of the famous Col. Alexander McAllis- ter, a military and civic leader during the Revo- lutionary period. The McAllisters have been dis- tinguished alike in the efficient work of peace and industry and in war. Col. Alexander McAllister was born in Scotland and settled in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina in 1736. During the Revolutionary war he was colonel of a North Carolina regiment. He was also a member of the Provincial Congress held at Hillsboro August 21, 1 775, and did much to influence the recent colo- nists from the Highlands of Scotland to join the Americans in their struggle for independence. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee for the Wilmington District, and after the war served in the North Carolina State Senate, and continued a leading spirit until his death in 1800. Mr. John E. McAllister was born in Gaston County in August, 1865, a son of Lee A. and Cath- erine (Rudisill) McAllister. He is a grandson of George W. McAllister, who was born in Cumber- land County, North Carolina, and, moving west- ward, located in Gaston County in the early part of the nineteenth century. George W. McAllis- ter's mother was a Plonk, member of a family of German origin quite numerous and prominent in Gaston, Lincoln and Catawba counties. Lee A. McAllister, now deceased, was born in Gaston County and had his farm in Dallas Town- ship about seven miles northwest of the City of Gastonia. His wife was the daughter of Jacob Rudisill, who was one of that family referred to by the historian, Laban Miles Hoffman, as "the great Rudisill family of North Carolina. ' ' The progenitors of this family, emigrating from Ger- many, first lived at or near York, Pennsylvania, later went southward to Virginia and North Car- olina, locating in the latter state about 1750. Philip Rudisill, one of the pioneers in North Car- olina, established a home on what is now known as the Black Place between Friday Shoals and High Shoals, in what was then Anson now Gas- ton County. The descendants of Philip Rudisill and his brothers have lived in this immediate sec- tion of the state ever since and comprise a large and influential family. John E. McAllister was born on a farm, but when about nine years of age the family moved to King's Mountain, where his father engaged in business. The son attended school there and came under the instruction of the noted Captain Bell. Quite early in life he began working for himself, learning the bricklayer 's trade, from which as a foundation he built up his business as a con- tractor. He was quite young when he took his first building contracts and some years later he located his business headquarters at Gastonia. At that time Gastonia was a rather small and incon- spicuous village, though its future was already one of much promise as a cotton mill center. In the rapid development of Gastonia as one of the leading cotton mill centers of the South Mr. Mc- Allister has found ample opportunity for his work as a contractor and particularly in carrying out extensive contracts for the construction of cotton mills. Mills have been built by him in various towns. He erected the first cotton mill at Lum- berton. His larger and more important contracts, however, have been in Gastonia and that vicin- ity. He built the Flint Mill in Gastonia and a number of older mills, and among the more re- cent are the Clara, Dunn, Armstrong and Seminole mills. All these are large modern mills of the most approved style of construction and equip- ment. Mr. McAllister has also taken many con- tracts for other heavy building construction. He married Miss Annie McClelland, of Monroe, Union County. Rivers Dunn Johnson. This well known and successful lawyer and leader in the democratic party resides at Warsaw in Duplin County, and has been in active practice there since he graduated from Wake Forest College. Mr. Johnson took to his profession a thorough training and excep- tional talents, and has made his influence felt both in the profession and in the field of public affairs. He was born in Wilson County, North Carolina, December 29, 1885, a. son of Seymour Anderson and Elizabeth (Clark) Johnson. His father for a number of years has been an official of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway Company. Mr. John- son was liberally educated. He attended the James Sprunt Institute at Kenansville, the Warsaw High School, and then entered Wake Forest College, where he was graduated from the law department in February, 1909. After being admitted to the bar he located at Warsaw in Duplin County, and has steadily practiced with offices in that city. From May, 1909 to 1910, Mr. Johnson served as mayor ov Warsaw. That local position was soon HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 297 followed by his election to the State Senate from the Ninth District, and he was one of the able members of the Upper House of the State Legis- lature during the sessions from 1911 until 1915. He is now chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of the Third Congressional District, is secretary of the executive committee of the Sixth Judicial District, and in June, 1916, was a dele- gate from North Carolina to the National Demo- cratic Convention in St. Louis. Mr. Johnson is city attorney of Warsaw and is vice president and one of the organizers of the Atlantic and Carolina Railway Company. He is a past master of his Masonic Lodge, belongs to the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and to the Kappa Alpha college fraternity. Joseph W. Halford, M. D. While every citizen of a community has possibilities of useful service and influence in a degree beyond estimation and seldom realized, these possibilities doubtless attain their maximum among the members of the medical profession. An able, high minded and conscientious physician is a power for community good not limited alone to his professional work. The wide range of this usefulness has seldom been better exemplified than in the career of Dr. Joseph W. Halford of Lillington, Harnett County. Doctor Halford began practice in that county at Chalybeate in 1905. In 1912 he moved to the county seat at Lillington, which has since been his home. His abilities as a physician and surgeon have met growing appreciation and have brought him a practice that all but absorbs his entire time and energies. His work has received the approbation not only of his patients but of his fellow physicians, evidence of which is found in the fact that he is now first vice-president of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina ; president of the Harnett County Medical Society, and president of the Fifth District Medical Society, covering several counties in this part of the state. He is a member in good standing of the Tri-State, Southern and American Medical associations. Ill all public matters during the past ten years he has undoubtedly exercised an influence second to none among the citizens of the county. As chairman and examining physician for the Harnett County Exemption Board he has fulfilled a pa- triotic and highly responsible duty, and has given ungrudgingly of his time to that office for several months. He is also health officer and quarantine officer for Harnett County and his work as a sani- tarian has enabled him to effect many measures for improving public health and preventing disease. While a man of much tact, he has not feared to incur personal opposition nor even personal hos- tility in the performance of his duties in safe- guarding the majority of the people from the carelessness of the few. While seeking to give some brief outline of his varied interests and activities, it is well to empha- size his earnest work and effort in behalf of local education, and in realizing some of the ideals of the good roads movement in his home county. When he came to this county a dozen years ago Doctor Halford was impressed more than anything else by the lack of good roads and of adequate country schools. To secure improved highways was not merely a means of arousing local interest and co-operation. The Legislature had to do its part and Doctor Halford and several interested associates went before that body and had a bill drawn and passed permitting the county to issue bonds for building roads. This measure proved inadequate because in some sections it was unpopu- lar and its provisions affected too large an area to make it practicable. Subsequent legislation im- proved the bill by localizing the bond issues for road improvement among the individual townships instead of the county as a whole. With the town- ship as a unit and responsible for the building of its own roads, the good roads advocates. were in a much better position to carry out their ideas. As a result nine of the thirteen townships in Harnett County have voted road bonds aggregating about $115,000, not including Duke and Averasboro townships, which had already taken care of their roads before this legislation was enacted. At the present time Harnett County has good roads in every direction, the various township roads having been connected throughout. Many other changes have come about either concomitantly with or as a result of better roads. The day of * the steer and one horse plow has almost passed, and improved farm machinery can be found on nearly every homestead. The county is not without its example's of traction engines doing what the horse and mule formerly did in the fields. Large areas have been cleared up and developed and fine farms and beautiful homes built, and Harnett County is now in the full tide of progress as an agricultural com- munity. The development of the agricultural side of Harnett County is not without direct personal in- terest to Doctor Halford, who himself owns a fine farm four miles west of Lillington. Doctor Halford was born in Walterboro in Colle- ton County, South Carolina, in 1870, a son of James J. and Jane (Redmond) Halford, both na- tives of South Carolina. Doctor Halford was edu- cated in the public schools of his home town, also under private tutors at Savannah, Georgia, and studied medicine at Washington, D. C, at first in Georgetown University and later finished his under- graduate and did post-graduate work in Columbian University, where he graduated in 1904: Doctor Halford is a director of the Bank of Lillington, a democrat in politics and a member of the Baptist Church. At Washington, D. C, he married Miss Ray Ellinger. Mrs. Halford was born in California. Allen John-son Barwick. While he has come rapidly into favor as a member of the Ral- eigh bar during the past three years, Allen J. Barwick is perhaps most widely known over the state as a successful educator. For a number of years he was a teacher, principal, or otherwise closely connected with the school activities of the state, finally giving up educational work to enter the profession of law. He was born in Lenoir County, North Caro- lina, October 21, 1877, a son of Craven T. and Nancy (Brooke) Barwick. His father was a farmer and it was on a farm that he spent his early life. He was liberally educated, attending the country schools, the Carolina Collegiate Insti- tute at Mineola, the Grifton Academy at Grifton, North Carolina, and also the University of North Carolina, from which institution he graduated in 1900. His record as a teacher identified him with several of the larger communities of this state and elsewhere. He was principal of the Kinston schools, spent three years in the same capacity at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and was also super- intendent of the schools at Thomasville and Al- bany, Georgia. For four and a half years Mr. Barwick was secretary to the State Board of 298 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA School Examiners and chief clerk of the Depart- ment of Instruction. In the meantime, having studied law, he was admitted to the bar in February, 1911. For two years he practiced at Newton, but in 1913 removed to Raleigh, and a large amount of legal business is now entrusted to his skill and counsel: Mr. Barwiek is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association and of the Commercial Law League of America. He is a director of the Ral- eigh Young Men's Christian Association, a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a Knight of Pythias, and in 1912 he served as mayor of the city of Newton. At Newton, North Carolina, October 1, 1907, he married Miss Anna Killian. They are the par- ents of three children: Killian, Eloise and Wil- liam Allen. William Haywood Ruffin, representing a name honored in North Carolina annals through 200 years, is a lawyer of distinction and of rec- ognized prominence, with his home at Louisburg. The accident of birth makes Mr. Ruffin a na- tive of Missouri, though that was due to the fact that he was born at Lexington, Missouri, while his parents, Dr. William Haywood and Agnes (Chadwick) Buffin, were temporarily residents there. His father crossed the plains twice to Cal- ifornia, but except for these western .-journeys and experiences spent his life in North Carolina. William H. Ruffin was born July 19, 1864, and spent most of his boyhood days at Louisburg, where he was educated in the Male Academy. He read law at Wilson, North Carolina, with Hon. John E. Woodard, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1887. The next ten years he spent in practice at Sheffield, Alabama, but in 1896 re- turned to Louisburg and from that town his fame has gone abroad as one of the ablest lawyers of the state. He has been in general practice, but has has also been called upon to hnndle the af- fairs of many corporations, and his services were valuable in organizing these local businesses. Since 1909 he has been county attorney of Franklin County. For ten years he has been a director of the First National Bank of Louisburg and its president since 1911. In 1896, when he returned to Louisburg, he was made a trustee of the pub- lie schools, and those in touch with the situation say that no one has done more to raise the stand- ards of local education and to bring about desired improvement in the curriculum and in facilities for favorable school work than Mr. Ruffin. For years he was secretary and treasurer of the graded schools. He also served for a number of years as trustee of the old Male Academy at Louisburg. Mr. Ruffin was a member of the special session of the State Senate in 1913. He was a member of Committee No. 2, one of the advisory commit- tees of lawyers to whom all measures and bills were referred for examination. For eighteen years Mr. Ruffin has been a junior warden of the Epis- copal Church and also secretary of the vestry. He is chairman of the executive committee of the Red Cross for Franklin County. June 26, 1893, at Louisburg Mr. Ruffin mar- ried Miss Sallie White, daughter of Thomas and Mary E. (Shaw) White. Her father was a mer- chant. Mr. and Mrs. Ruffin have three sons, Thomas White, William Haywood, Jr., and Henry Gray. The second son is a student in the University of North Carolina and Henry G. is still in the Louis- burg High School. Thomas, the oldest son, born September 6, 1895, graduated in June, 1917, from the University of North Carolina, with the degree A. B. and LL. B. He was also one of the uni- versity debaters in the collegiate debate between the universities of North Carolina and of Vir- ginia. He is now engaged in the practice of law as a partner and associate of his father. Thomas Hates Royster, M. D., was graduated from the University College of Medicine at Rich- mond, Virginia, in 1908, and since then has rapidly acquired position and success in his chosen calling. He practiced in Gaston County, North Carolina, until 1913, and has since been a resident of Tarboro, where he is associated with Dr. S. N. Harrell, under the firm name of Harrell & Royster, physicians and surgeons. Dr. Royster is a member in good standing of the Edgecombe County, the Fourth District and the North Carolina Medical societies, and is identified socially with the Tar Heel Club. He was born in Granville County, North Caro- lina, October 3, 1884, a son of Graham B. and Opie Sue (Hayes) Royster. His father was a substantial farmer of Granville County. Doctor Royster attended the public schools, also the Hor- ner Military School at Oxford, and took his pre- liminary course in medicine at the University of North Carolina. In August, 1917, Doctor Royster enlisted in the Medical Officers Reserve Corps of the United States National Army and is now in France. Charles Ross, the well known lawyer and democrat of Lillington, has cause to take pride in the quality of his immediate ancestry and his con- nections by marriage. Blood does tell ; there is no earthly doubt about it. Mr. Ross' parents are Romulus and Ellen (Mc- Culloch) Ross, and they are living at Asheboro, Randolph County, this state. His father was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, in 1851, and in early life moved to Randolph County. The family ancestors came from Maryland and before the Revolutionary war settled at Guilford Court House, Guilford Gounty. They were of substan- tial Scotch stock, and their descendants have in- herited the racial traits in a marked degree. Romu- lus Ross has been one of the representative men of Randolph County for many years, having served his county and district in the State Senate and as sheriff of the county. Charles Ross is a thoroughly educated man and well prepared to complete any undertaking which he assumes. His earlier education was pursued in Asheboro schools and at the University of North Carolina, He studied law in Columbian University (now George Washington University), at the na- tional capital, receiving his professional degree and license to practice in 1912. For some years previously he had engaged in the lumber business, and in 1906 established his residence at Lillington. Since beginning his practice there in 1912 he has become one of the leading lawyers in that section of the state. A number of years before commencing practic* Mr. Ross had become well known as a democratic leader. In the session of 1901 he represented Randolph County in the Lower House of the Gen- eral Assembly, and in 1910 he was again elected a member of that body from Harnett County. For the campaign in the general election of 1916 he was chosen chairman of the Democratic County ey/^^Cl /^yVZ^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 299 Executive Committee, and in that capacity brought his county over from the republican columns to the democracy. Both as a manager and a legisla- tor he has deserved and received high credit from leaders and people. Mr. Ross married Miss Frances Reid McKay, daughter of the late Rev. Neil] McKay, D. D., and Margaret (Murchison) McKay, the latter of whom is living at the old McKay residence in Summer- ville. Mr. and Mrs. Ross have six children — Charles Reid, Neill McKay, Frances Ramsey, Rom- ulus Rudolph, Margaret Murchison, and Robert Page Ross. Doctor McKay, the father of Mrs. Ross, was one of the state 's most notable characters as a min- ister and a promoter of education. There are few men identified with the progress of North Caro- lina who have weilded so deep and widespread an influence as the deceased; for he not only poured his spirit and the inspiration of his fine character into the church of his choice, thns influencing for good those of all ages and classes, but fathered with his wisdom and his material assistance the famous Summerville Academy for Boys, which, in the many years of its life, sent forth some of the choicest spirits of North Carolina. In his active years Doctor McKay was the leading character in the Fayetteville Presbytery, and the extension of its usefulness is largely due to his ceaseless efforts, forethought and patient leadership. As his home was at old Summerville, it. is natural that he should become interested in the Academy, or preparatory school for boys; and to become inter- ested in a project, or an institution, invariably re- sulted in earnest and practical work for its ad- vancement. So that, as the years passed, the good and distinguished doctor became first respected, then honored and finally revered for his faithful brooding and his continuous generosity in behalf of the institution to which he had given his soul, and through which he had started so many of the young generation along the paths of legitimate and Christian honor. The chief patron of the Summer- ville Academy could not have financially supported it as he did had he not been a successful man of business affairs. For many years he was asso- ciated with his brother, Dr. John W. McKay, a physician, but extensively engaged in the turpen- tine and naval stores industries. This combination in one character of business ability, deep scholar- ship, intellectual keenness and sustained morality and spiritual elevation, constituted almost a unique personality. Mrs. McKay was born at Manchester, Cumber- land County. North Carolina, and is the daughter of the late Duncan Murchison, who, with his sons, was one of the wealthiest and most prominent busi- ness men of North Carolina. The headquarters of their interests were at Wilmington. The Murchi- sons have always occupied a very prominent place in the commercial and industrial development of the Cape Fear section of North Carolina. James Otho Lunsford, postmaster of Dur- ham, had as precedent and qualifications for his present office a long and active experience in business affairs at Durham, and ha's been a leader in business and politics in that city and county for many years. He was born in Person County, North Carolina, May 12, 1874, son of Paschailand Laura Eliza- beth (Daniel) Lunsford. His father carried on farming operations until 1S84, in which year he was elected register of deeds and later county treasurer, and filled those offices steadily until his death on September 22, 1906. In the meantime the son was educated in the Durham public schools, a Baptist seminary, and for three years attended Trinity College at Dur- ham. While in college he was assistant register of deeds under his father and for two years was bookkeeper for M. A. Angler Company at Dur- ham. For three years he was secretary and treas- urer of the Golden Belt Hosiery Mills, and for the next four years was bookkeeper and salesman in the grocery house of Thomas Howard Company. About that- time he established the Lunsford Horse & Mule Company, dealers in horses, main- taining a sales stables, and dealing in wholesale feed supplies. He discontinued the horse busi- ness, but continued to conduct the wholesale feed business until April, 1911. Following that for several years he was sales manager of the Austin- Heaton Company, and retired from that position to accept the postmastership of Durham, to which he was appointed during President Wilson's first term in June, 1914. Mr. Lunsford was quite ac- tive in local politics until accepting his present office. He at one time served as secretary of the Democratic Executive Committee. He is affiliated with the Junior Order of United American Me- chanics, the Knights of Pythias and the United Commercial Travellers. In April, 1910, he married Miss Mayde Mos- ley of Durham. They have two children, Laura Eilen and Margaret Mosley. George Chancellor Green. The work and service by which Mr. Green has been most closely identified and has become best known in his part of North Carolina has been performed as a very able attorney at Weldon, his native city. With the exception of a few years when he was away at school his years have been spent in the Town of Weldon, where he was born November 22, 1878, a son of Dr. Isaac E. and Helen (Day) Green. His father was an honored physician of Halifax County for many years. The son was ed- ucated in private schools at Warrenton, and in 1901 graduated from the University of George- town, D. C. The next year he taught school at Weldon, and then entered the law department of the Universtiy of North Carolina, where he con- tinued his studies until admitted to the bar in February, 1904. Since then, a period of four- teen years, has been devoted to the building up and handling of a large and prosperous general practice at Weldon. For the past ten years he has served as county attorney and he also filled the offices of mayor of Weldon for two terms. He is now a trustee of the University of North Carolina, and is vestryman and lay reader of the Episcopal Church. While in university he was affiliated with the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and the Ghimgoul col- lege society. April 11, 1907, Mr. Green married Virginia Suiter, of Garysburg, North Carolina. They have five children: Elizabeth Fuller, Virginia Suiter, George Chancellor, Jr., Mary Cook and Tempe Joyner. Philip Grady Sawyer. The substantial re- sults that sometimes attend the progress of an individual very seldom comes by chance. The gifts of nature and fortunate environment may be accepted, but many elements and attributes must be present to make enduring the achievements 300 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA that built up solid popularity and establish a worthy reputation. In considering the unusually successful career of Elizabeth City 's young mayor, Hon. Philip Grady Sawyer, it will be found that this quiet, unassuming, self-contained, capable young man has strength, force and character. He is a man with honorable business ideals, he accepts no responsibility without willingly bearing it, and is a level-headed man with a clear ami proper perspective on life. Philip Grady Sawyer bears an old and honorable name of Pasquotank County, as well as of Camden County, and he was born in the latter January 22, 1889. His parents are Mack N. and Nancy (Sawyer) Sawyer, and probably the ancestral line may be traced to Ireland. The father has long been interested in the real estate business. After completing the high school course at Elizabeth City, Philip G. Sawyer entered Wake Forest College and pursued his studies there until 1910, when he was graduated with his A. B. de- gree, and continued in the University law depart- ment until he completed the LL. B. degree course, in 1909, being admitted to the North Carolina bar, one of its youngest members. He located in Eliza- beth City for the practice of his profession and his ability in every department of the law has frequently been demonstrated and has g-iven him unusual prestige. For one year he served as i-lerk of the District and United States Circuit courts. Elizabeth City is the central point of many im- portant partly undeveloped business interests, while its citizens as a whole are progressive and enterprising and with modern ideas are awake to their natural advantages and ready to cooperate for the general good. When they came, a few years ago, to realize that they needed a mayor who cherished the same ambitions and had the wisdom to carry out large, undertakings, they turned to their brilliant young townsman, believ- ing that under his able and understanding leader- ship civic improvements could be brought about and reforms inaugurated that would be of inestim- able benefit to every one. They elected Mr. Saw- yer mayor in June, 1915*, and so ably and completely did he take matters in hand that com- mendation came from every side, and with in- creased majority he was reelected in 1917. Mayor Sawyer among other things has brought about the building and repairing of the city utilities; has instituted changes in the various municipal offices for the city 's benefit ; has widened the field of honorable business competi- tion as far as the present unsettled conditions of trade has permitted, and has encouraged public recreations and such cultural enterprises as the yearly Chautauqua. In the meanwhile be has not- been swayed by politicians but has maintained the dignity of his office and on every public oc- casion when his presence has been necessary, has worthily represented the city as its municipal head. Additionally Mayor Sawyer is a member of the county board of health. Mayor Sawyer was married June 10, 1914, to Miss Evelyn Aydlett, who was born in Elizabeth City and belongs to a family prominent both in business and social life. They are members of the Blackwell Memorial Baptist Church and Mr. Sawyer heads the finance committee of the same. He leads a busy, useful life and finds contentment in duties well done. He is a Knight Templar Mason and is past exalted ruler of lodge No. 856, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. John R. Baggett. Not infrequently men and women achieve success (so called) by ignoring family duties and plain moralities, leaving all such considerations heartlessly behind and going so far into the world that the burdens of parents, or other kindred, shall not interfere with the free develop- ment of their ambitions. We all know of such eases, but we 1 do not know of the instances, not a few, in which the lives of those who are out- wardly successful are shot through and through with the pangs of conscience and ceaseless regrets that they commenced to mount on the bent and weakly shoulders of those whom they should have protected with self-sacrificing love. The life of John R. Baggett, who was born in Sampson County, October 1, 1871, prominent lawyer and mayor of Lillington, illustrates the realization of worldly comfort and progress at a comparatively late period, but unaccompanied by a retrospect of pain and regret. His strong Welsh blood doubtless has much to do with the faithfulness with which he maintained the ties and duties of kinship, at the cost of its own early advancement. The parents of John E. Baggett. were Silas E. and Winnifred (Wilson) Baggett, both deceased. The mother was the daughter of Jesse Wilson, one of the most substantial citizens of Sampson County. The father was the son of Joyner Baggett, also representing an old and respected famOy in that county. Its progenitors were of Welsh nativity who landed at. Jamestown in the early history of America. Their descendants afterward crossed the Alleghenies, settled in the upper Ohio Valley, and, prior to the Revolution, returned to Virginia, and thence migrated to Sampson County, North Caro- lina. John Baggett, great-great-grandfather of John R., of this notice, was the founder of ' the North Carolina branch. Mr. Baggett 's father was a school teacher for many years before the Civil war, and his service as a Confederate soldier made him practically an in- valid; the mother, also, suffered from illness al- most continuously. As John R. was the oldest in the family of children, he shouldered the respon- sibilities of their support when a mere boy. When very young he had received some instruction from his father, but until he was twenty-one years of age had no other systematic schooling and gave his entire time and all his energies to the develop- ment of the home farm in Mingo Township and the establishment of a comfortable household for his parents and his brothers and sisters. His burdens were eased by the hearty and unselfish cooperation of every member of the household, each contrib- uting as much as possible to its maintenance. At length the prime end was reached — a substantial, well improved farm and a comfortable, sheltering home for all. • It was only after this duty had been courage- ously, faithfully and lovingly fulfilled that the young man turned to the task of self -improvement. He had practically forgotten all that he had ever learned, and in September, 1892, after he had just passed his majority, he bravely entered the primary department of the Glencoe school, Sampson County, his fellow pupils ranging from seven years of age upward. That was a step which took pluck and was in direct line with his determined character. He pursued his studies with such avidity, and ab- sorbed the knowledge offered to him with such voracity, that on April 1 2th of the following year (1893) he received a first-grade certificate for teaching. The West School in Sampson County, to which he was assigned, was at a very low stage HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 301 of efficiency and order, and the new teacher soon found that he had a man 's work before him. He entered into it with such vim and confidence that he soon had completely stamped out rowdyism and obtained the warm support of the parents, who had previously been lukewarm and almost discour- aged. Knowledge of this achievement in country school reform spread abroad, and Mr. Baggett 's services were brought into demand wherever similar conditions existed, with the same good results which he had brought about in the West School. In the. meantime he continued his own studies, took preparatory work at Salcmburg Academy and in 189(5 entered the University of North Carolina. At that, institution he pursued the four year course, receiving his degree with the cdass of 1900. He then became principal of the Salemburg School, to which he added a boarding department, and at the end of the year had an attendance of 170. In 1901 he joined J. A. Campbell as co-principal of Buie's Creek Academy in Harnett County, and in that institution much of his most beneficent and useful work as an educator was accomplished. He brought to it one hundred students from the Salemburg School, and for ten years cooperated with Mr. Campbell in the development of what became a famous institution preparatory for college. Both teachers and proprietors were in hearty accord with the modern and advanced idea that such an aca- demy should not stop at the border-line of scholastic education, but endeavor to lay the foundation of a solid and serious character and the groundwork of a laudable ambition. In this vital part of the work Mr. Baggett 's influence and exertions were invaluable. All his boyhood and youthful expe- riences tended to give him a deep sympathy for the poor youth struggling to prepare himself worthily for the conflicts of independent life; and he not only made it an especial duty and pleasure to assist such cases with their studies, but often ex- tended them credit and other substantial assistance. For such humane and warm-hearted treatment of the deserving he receives a rich reward in the whole-hearted esteem and friendship of many men scattered throughout the country who stand high in the business and professional fields. At the time he completed his work at Buie 's Creek Academy there were thirty-two of its former pupils in the University of North Carolina and 128 at Wake Forest College. He had taught more than 5,000 boys and girls, and one of his most val- ued possessions is a record comprising all their names and a. notation of their careers after leav- ing his school. Mr. Baggett. studied in the law department of the University of North Carolina, and received his certificate to practice in 1908. He did not com- mence active practice, however, until 1910, when he opened an office at Lillington. In that year he was elected to the State Senate, representing the district which comprised Harnett, Johnson and Sampson counties. Previous to that time the dis- trict had been republican, but he carried it for the democrats by a safe majority. As a state legislator he centered his activities and abilities on measures tending toward better educational opportunities for the masses, for improved social and industrial conditions, and for reform along the broad ideas of modern investigators in the management of state hospitals, asylums and penal institutions. He also championed the bill for the establishment of the Cas- well Training School for the feeble minded, and has continuously served as a member of its Board of Trustees. Mr. Baggett also earnestly supported the measure for the establishment of tarmlife schools in North Carolina, and under its provisions was established the Lillington institution of that character how in operation. He pushed through the bill by which Lillington was authorized to issue bonds to build its present excellent system of electric lighting, sewers and water supply, and has served as the public spirited mayor of the city since 1911. Besides his lucrative law prac- tice of a private nature, he is managing various interests of the Atlantic & Western Railroad, of which he is the counsel and a director. That line now runs from Lillington to Santord, and an ex- tension is projected to the Atlantic coast. He also was instrumental in the building of the Lillington Oil Mill, of which he is an official. So that, al- though by force of circumstances, he may be said to have matured slowly, he has certainly ' ' made up for lost time, ' ' and his tiual progress and pres- ent standing make records of which any man might be proud whose earlier years were smoothly paved. Mr. Baggett was married to Miss Aline Keeter, who was born and reared in Halifax County, North Carolina, and the six children born to them have been Veuable, Miriam, John Robert, Jr., Winni- fred, Margaret Wilson and Joseph Woodrow Baggett. Mr. Baggett has long been a leading member of the Baptist Church, and the hand- some brick structure dedicated to the local organ- ization was erected largely through his labors as chairman of the building committee. Outside of his home and his church duties he gives much of his attention to Masonic matters and the work of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Robert Pekcival Beade has shown talent both as a lawyer and business man and in the course of a few years has placed himself among the leading citizens of Durham. He was born at Boxboro, North Carolina, Au- gust 5, 1877, son of William Franklin and Martha Emma (Moore) Beade. His father was a farmer, and it was on a farm that Robert P. Reade spent his early years. He was educated in private schools, spent two years in the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh, was in Trinity College with the class of 1900, and took his law work in the University of Michigan, where he graduated LL. B. in 1903. Since then he has been in general practice at Durham and is now a member of the firm of Fuller, Reade & Fuller. Mr. Reade is a director of the Citizens National Bank of Durham, has served six years as county attorney, is ex-city attorney, and has employed his wide experience and training as a lawyer for the benefit of his alma mater, Trinity College, where for ten years he was associate professor of law. He is a member of the North Carolina Bar Asso- ciation and for six years was chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of his county. June 24, 1908, he married Miss Lela Reade, daughter of James Robert and Adelaide (Lans- dell) Reade, her father being a farmer at Mount Tirzah, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Reade have three children: Lela Lansdell, Marian Eliza- beth and Edith Victoria. Richard K. Davenport is a veteran merchant at Mount Holly in Gaston County, and while in business there almost since the founding of the town his chief work has been as a farmer and de- veloper of the agricultural interest's in that sec- 302 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA tioii of the county. He has carried his leadership in such matters into public life, has served in the legislature and is now chairman of the board of county commissioners of Gaston County. The home he now occupies, situated 1% miles north of the Town of Mount Holly, is his birth- place and the home of all his years. He was born there in 1859, a son of Wesley and Mary (Cans- ler) Davenport. Mr. Davenport is one of the very few surviving grandsons of an active participant in the Revo- lutionary war. His grandfather, William Daven- port, was born in Scotland and when a young man came to North Carolina. That was several years before the Eevolution. At that time he located on the land where his grandson now lives. This was then a part of Lincoln County. The grant to this land was given him by the King of England. William Davenport joined the colonists in their struggle for independence, and he fought in one of the most famous battles of that war, at King's Mountain, where he was wounded. King's Moun- tain is only about twenty miles from the Daven- port home. He subsequently developed a, large plantation and became an extensive slave owner. Wesley Davenport was likewise a planter and an influential citizen of the state. During the war between the states he was a member of the North Carolina Legislature when the state was in the Confederacy. He lived usefully and well and reared a fine family of children. His wife was the daughter of Peter Cansler, whose name and career belong among those of the prosperous and prominent citizens of River Bend Township in Gaston County. Peter Cansler was descended from Philip W. Cansler, the founder of the fam- ily, a large and influential one in Gaston, Lincoln and. other counties of North Carolina. Philip W. Cansler was of German origin, and came from Pennsylvania to North Carolina about 1765. He located near where the Town of Lincolnton was subsequently established. Richard K. Davenport benefited by the advan- tages of the local schools. At an early age he entered business and with the exception of Mr. A. P. Rhyne was the first merchant at Mount Holly. His mercantile enterprise started in a very small way and in a small building which is still standing just across the street from the pres- ent Davenport store. This store is now eon- ducted in a large double brick building and its stock comprises an assortment of general mer- chandise sufficient for all the needs of the ex- tensive trade territory served. In this business Mr. Davenport is associated in partnership with his brother-in-law, Mr. C. E. Hutchison. Prom first to last, however, he has been more of a farmer than a merchant. The Davenport farm consists of 600 acres just north of the Town of Mount Holly. It includes the original grant made to his grandfather and tnat land has never been out of the Davenport possession since the patent was signed under the auspices of the gov- ernment of King George III. Successful in business affairs, Mr. Davenport has recognized his duty to the public welfare. Many positions of responsibility have been con- ferred upon him. For a number of years he has been a member of the board of school commission- ers of Mount Holly and takes great pride in the work that has been accomplished in the building up of a splendid school system. In matters of education he is truly a progressive. Mr. Daven- port has been a member of the board of county commissioners of Gaston County since 1902. These fifteen years have covered a progressive era in the county. His long and continued term of office has been made notable by the building of a good roads system in the county and numerous other public improvements, including the erection of several other fine bridges over the Catawba and other streams. Mr. Davenport 's service in the State Legislature was during the session of 1909. He is now president of the Mount Holly branch of the Gaston County Chamber of Commerce. The enviable degree of prosperity he has at- tained in business affairs is shared by a fine fam- ily, consisting of his wife and seven children. The maiden name of his wife was Miss Mary Fay. She was born at Brookfield, Massachusetts. Their children are Mary Fay, Ralph, Richard, Harvey, Esther, George and Marshall. Ralph is a civil engineer in the employe of the United States Government. Richard is sergeant in the One Hundred and Fifth Engineer Corps and now in France. C. Everett Thompson. The law, public af- fairs and finance have alike claimed the attention of C. Everett Thompson, who is one of Elizabeth City's foremost citizens. While not native born, Mr. Thompson has lived here since childhood, and the city has no more prideful, enterprising or public spirited citizen. His honorable reputation has been built up in this community, his interests are centered here, and to promote general pros- perity and encourage local enterprises is work in which he takes a hearty and unselfish interest. C. Everett Thompson was born at Bellwood, in Blair County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1879. His parents were Dr. John Cooper and Emma (Greene) Thompson, the former of whom was a well known physician. It was in 1884, when C. Everett Thompson was five years old, and after the death of his father, that his mother came to Elizabeth City. His early educational advantages were secured in the Elizabeth City Academy, and its successor, the Atlantic Collegiate Institute, and after his aca- demic course was concluded there he entered the University of North Carolina, from which insti- tution he was graduated in 1900, and in September, 1901, he received his license to practice law after concluding the law course at the university. Con- tinuously since then he has been engaged in a general practice in this city and is considered one of the able lawyers and trustworthy consel- lors of this bar. Like other young men of pro- fessional training, he soon found himself more or less interested and concerned with local public affairs, and when the office of city attorney was tendered him, accepted the office and served in that capacity for one term, at the expiration of which Mr. Thompson was elected mayor of Eliza- beth City. Mr. Thompson was married November 6, 1906, to Miss Sarah Morrisette Bartlett, who was born in Camden County, North Carolina. They have three children, two daughters and one son, namely: Elizabeth Meanor, George Ward and Clara Mor- risette. The family belong to the Cann Memorial Presbyterian Church of Elizabeth City, of which Mr. Thompson is one of the officers. Always interested in educational progress, Mr. Thompson accepted an appointment to serve on the board of trustees of the North Carolina State College. He is well known in the financial field and is on the directing board of the leading bank HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 303 in this section. Other enterprises have profited through his generous encouragement. He is prominent in Masonry, having advanced far and received the York rite. He is a member of Sudan Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of the .Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Newbern, North Carolina. He belongs also to the Odd Fellows and the Royal Arcanum. Hon. John Worthy Johnson. So few men really do gain truly notable success solely through the medium of their own efforts that the term • ' self-made man ' ' has come to be a trite expression, and when an individual does break through the stereotyped bonds of mediocrity, the novelty and surprise in the situation occasions comment. While ' opportunity does not smile upon all men with equal favor, he who steps forward and firmly clasps her hand, who has grit enough to hold on while she swirls him, sometimes clear of firm foot- holds, through the scurrying crowds of frenzied money-seekers, will in all probability be guided to the goal of his ambition. This capacity of recog- nizing opportunity in whatever disguise she may assume, and the effective willingness to fight his way over any kind of obstacles, are the two most salient characteristics of the man worthy of bear- ing the title ' ' self-made. ' ' And thus it is that eminently deserving of such distinction is Hon. John Worthy Johnson, farmer, banker, lum- berman and ex-state senator, who located at Bae- ford, Hoke County, when there were not more than fifty people in the hamlet, and he himself practically penniless, and who is now one of the leading and wealthy citizens of one of the most progressive and thriving little cities in the state and a model in the high character of its citizen- ship. John Worthy Johnson was born near Carthage, Moore County, North Carolina, in 1864, being a son of Samuel E. and Amanda (Worthy) Johnson, both of whom are now deceased. His father, who was of Scotch ancestry and a native of Moore County, spent all his life there, and was buried at the age of eighty-four years, at the place where he was born. Mrs. Johnson was a sister of the late ex-sheriff Kenneth Worthy of Moore Coun- ty, a noted man in his day, and a daughter of James Worthy, a native of England, who came as a young man to Moore County, North Carolina, where he became a large planter and slave owner. The story of John W. Johnson 's career and success in life is quite an interesting and remark- able one. He was reared on the home farm and attended a school near Carthage that had been established by J. E. Kelly, but the principal part of his education was obtained in the Union Home School. His youth and early manhood were spent as a workingman, generally in sawmills, and he worked in a sawmill for 75 cents per day even after he was married. His real start in life came when he located at the new town of Eaeford, now the county seat of the County of Hoke, and started in the sawmill business for himself on borrowed capital, this being in 1900. At that time he had not a cent of capital of his own but was rich in character and this latter was accepted as gilt-edged security by J. W. McLaughlin of Bae- ford, who advanced him $2,000 in cash without other security and went in with him as financial partner. This, with $2,000 additional that he had borrowed from his brother, of Moore County, en- abled Mr. Johnson to establish a sawmill and planing mill, which he conducted with such suc- cess that within two years he was enabled to pay off every cent of his indebtedness, and from that time continuously his prosperity in business has been without interruption. The business for a few years was conducted under the name of J. W. Johnson & Company, Mr. McLaughlin being his partner, but later he bought out Mr. McLaughlin 's interest and conducted the business independently. It may be said that Mr. Johnson's fortune had its foundation in the lumber business. A few years back, on account of the diminution of the timber supply, he discontinued his milling operations, but more recently, beginning in the fall of 1916, he again resumed operations as an active mill operator. Mr. Johnson 's chief interests are now centered in farming, and he is one of the largest and most successful agriculturists of North Carolina. Four of his best properties are as follows: Oakdale Farm, composed of 600 acres, with 400 acres in cultivation, lying about a mile southeast of Bae- ford; Monticello Farm, 1,300 acres, with about 500 acres in cultivation, eight miles east of Eaeford; Highland Farm, with about 100 acres in cultiva- tion, four miles east of Eaeford; and Seventy-first Farm, having about 500 acres in cultivation, lying east of Eaeford. All of these properties are in Hoke County, and all told Mr. Johnson operates upward of seventy plows, while all the farms are well improved with buildings and equipped with machinery, live stock, etc. Mr. Johnson is an in- tensely practical man, capable himself of doing anything about a farm, and adds to this practical knowledge the most modern and approved ideas in regard to advanced agriculture. He has va- rious other interests, being president of the Hoke Oil and Fertilizer Company, an important local industry; and a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Hoke, of which he was one of the organizers and for some time president. Aside from his prominent participation in bus- iness and agriculture Mr. Johnson has been a lead- ing figure in the political history of Hoke County. He was one of the leading spirits in the organiza- tion of the County of Hoke, formed from portions of Cumberland and Bobeson counties, and which was consummated in 1911. He was elected and served as chairman of the first board of county commissioners, and as such had in charge the con- struction of the new courthouse, which is widely known as a model of architectural beauty and representative of everything that a modern court- house should be. This courthouse and the new county jail were built at an expenditure of $57,000, including their entire equipment, an expenditure that is said by experts to be a marvel of economy and efficiency in building construction. Mr. Johnson and Doctor Graham, of Eaeford, formed the committee of two which, in a meeting at the state capital, accepted the name of Hoke as the appellation for the new county in 1911. Mr. Johnson was compelled to spend a great deal of time from his own business in the work of starting off the new county in proper directions, in organizing the new townships, the school dis- tricts, and everything required in the starting of a new enterprise, not the least important of these labors being the building of a system of good roads. During his administration in the capacity of chairman of the first board of county commis- sioners he had direct management of the expendi- tures for the courthouse and jail mentioned above, as well as for the building of good roads, amount- ing in total to $107,000, and it is to Mr. John- son's unusual credit, for one in official position in this character, that no one has ever made the 304 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA slightest suggestion that one cent of this money was misspent or used injudiciously or im- properly. In 1914 Mr. Johnson was elected a member of the North Carolina State Senate and served in that capacity with his customary ability and usefulness in the session of 1915, the senator- ial district being represented by the counties of Cumberland and Hoke. He was chairman of the committee on agriculture, and was a member of the committees on finance, appropriations, penal institutions, insane asylum and others. Mr. John- son is a member of and deacon in the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Johnson was united in marriage with Miss Mattie R. Sea well, and they are the parents of five children, as follows: Fred P., a graduate of Davidson College and now associated with his father in business; Julian S., also a graduate of that institution, and identified with his father and brother in business ventures; Miss Alice A., who has been a student in both Peace Institute and Elizabeth College, is now the wife of C. E. Up- ■ehureh of Raeford; Paul, who graduated at the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege, and is now a captain in the United States Army; and Miss Thelma, who is attending Peace Institute of Raleigh. Walter C. Bradsher is one of the prominent names in the tobacco industry of Durham, he is an executive officer in several well known corpora- tions, and his career is an illustration of the suc- cess that comes to a man who begins life in the very humblest rounds and parts of business and climbs steadily to the top. Mr. Bradsher was born at Roxboro, North Caro- lina, June 7, 1865, a son of Dr. Charles Harrison and Martha (Hopkins) Bradsher. His father was a physician with a good practice, and the son was given good advantages in private schools and also in the Durham public schools. Walter C. Brad- sher has lived at Durham since he was fifteen years of age. When a boy he entered a local tobacco warehouse as a tag marker. He showed industry and capability and was successively pro- moted in that, factory until he stood as assistant superintendent of the tobacco buyers and later engaged in tobacco buying himself. In 1913 Mr. Bradsher established the W. C. Bradsher Tobacco Company, one of the important houses engaged in the buying and selling of tobacco. He owns half the stock and is secretary and treasurer of the company. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Mill Devices Company, manufacturing special machinery for use in the tobacco trade. He is also a director of the Durham Southern Rail- road Company and Durham House Agency Com- pany. Mr. Bradsher in a busy career has taken much part in local affairs, served two years as city al- derman, is a member of the Commonwealth Club and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protec- tive Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias. Politically he is a democrat and is a member of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. October 17, 1889, he married Sallie Royall Reams of Durham. Benjamin Walter Ballard since 1875 has been a merchant, business man, public spirited cit- izen and factor in everything connected with the progress and welfare of Pranklinton. He was twenty-one years old when he entered the general merchandise and cotton business in that town, and has continued along those lines to the pres- ent day, handling a general supply business, deal- ing in cotton, guano and fertilizers, etc. He is also a director of the Citizens ■ Bank, of which he was one of the organizers. Mr. Ballard was born at Louisburg, North Car- olina, June 28, 1854, son of Benjamin Thorn and Martha Harriet (Williams) Ballard. His father was a merchant and planter. The son was edu- cated in the Louisburg Male Academy, and soon after leaving school moved to Franklinton. During 1905-06 he represented Franklin County in the State Legislature, and while there was es- pecially interested and active as a member of the educational committee and supporting everything that meant the raising of the standards and the supplying of better facilities for the cause of public education in the state. For twenty years Mr. Ballard has been connected with the educa-' tional work in Franklin County giving much time and labor to that work. He has served thirty years or more as a steward of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Ballard is a member of the Blue Lodge of Masons at Franklinton, North Carolina; of the Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and Commandery at Henderson, North Carolina. He is a Shriner and a member of Sudan Temple at New Bern, North Carolina, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Junior Order of United American Mechanics. On March 29, 1876, Mr. Ballard married William Eleanor Parker, of Warrenton, North Carolina. Seven children have been born to their marriage, two of whom, Jeauette and Jacob Parker, died in in- fancy, and Nena P. (Ballard) Cheatham, died September 5, 1918. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Ballard are Wil- liam Eleanor, the wife of William F. Joyner, a prominent banker at Franklinton; Walter Junius, in the plant department of the Western Union Telegraph Company; Martha Harriet, the wife of Dr. R. F. Yarborough of Louisburg, North Caro- lina; Kate Averitte, and Nena Parker, the de- ceased wife of James Bullock Cheatham, superin- tendent of Western Union Telegraph Company at Nashville, Tennessee. Andrew H. Harriss, M. D. Those things which stand to the credit of Doctor Harriss of Wilming- ton cannot be interpreted other than as the equiv- alent of a most successful and useful career. He has been a learned and accomplished member of the medical profession at Wilmington for a quarter of a century, professionally and otherwise has kept himself in close touch with the life of the community, and is one of the few men who during the last thirty years has kept unabated an interest in and enthusiasm for military affairs. Doctor Harriss is now a captain in the Army Medical Reserve Corps. He was born at Wilmington, March 7, 1872. The house where he was born stood in the same block and only a door or so from his present resi- dence. His parents, George and Julia O. (San- ders ) Harriss, are both now deceased. His paternal grandfather, Dr. William Harriss, spent his life in Wilmington as an honored physician. The Harriss family is one of the oldest at Wilmington and the Lower Cape Fear and many honored men and accomplished women have borne that name in this historic region. Doctor Harriss ' maternal grandfather was John O. Sanders, who lived in New Hanover County, four miles from Wilmington. George Harriss, who was born in Wilmington and died in that city in 1900, was a ship broker and commission merchant. During the war between the states he had charge in Wil- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 305 mington of the cotton shipping business for the State of Georgia, which state in recognition of his services conferred upon him the title of colonel. Andrew H. Harriss was educated in the public schools of Wilmington, took his first courses in medicine at Davidson College but two years later entered the Medico-Chirurgical College of Phila- delphia, now a department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated with the .lass of 1893. Already in 1892 he had suc- cessfully pa-ssed the examination of the State Medical Board of North Carolina. During his last year at Philadelphia he did much hospital work, so that he was well prepared both practically and theoretically for the work of his profession when he established himself in his home city . in 189M. He is a member of the County and State Medical societies and the American Medical Asso- ciation, and for many years has been one of the most popular and capable physicians and surgeons of Wilmington, where he has built up a large practice. In the window of Doctor Harriss 's residence at 609 Dock Street hangs a service flag showing two stars, one for himself and one for his son Andrew- Harriss, aged nineteen, who volunteered in the Coast Artillery at Wilmington and has since been trans- ferred as sergeant to the Trench Mortar Battery. This patriotic youth was a student in Woodbury Forest School in Virginia, preparing to enter the University of Virginia in the fall of 1918. Doctor Harriss' boyhood enthusiasm for mili- tary affairs led him when a youth of only thirteen to secure appointment as flag boy or "marker" with the Wilmington Light Infantry. When the Spanish-American war broke out he enlisted in the navy and was in service on the ship Nantucket. For sixteen years he was a member of the Hospital Corps of the National Guard of North Carolina and when he retired in 1910 it was with the rank of lieutenant colonel. All this training and ex- perience are likely to stand him in good stead in the present war. Doctor Harriss volunteered his services in 1917, passed the necessary examina- tion, and was given a commission as captain in the Medical Beserve Corps February 6, 1918, and was assigned to duty at Fort Caswell. Prior to this assignment he was acting as physician for the patrol in service at Wilmington. Dr. Harriss is a member of St. James Episcopal Church. He married Miss Mary Bolles, daughter of the late Maj. Charles Pattison Bolles, of Wil- mington, a complete sketch of whose remarkable career appears on other pages. Doctor and Mrs. Harriss have five children: Andrew, Mary, Evelyn, Julia and -David. George A. Graham, M. D. Formerly one of the well known and skilled medical practitioners of Raeford, and now a successful dealer in real estate and insurance, and at all times one of the most highly esteemed and respected citizens of his com- munity, Dr. George A. Graham has been a prom- inent figure in Hoke County history since the or- ganization of the county in 1911. He is a native of the Cape Fear Section of North Carolina and a member of one of the notable families of the state. He was born in 1852, at old Elizabeth- town, the county seat of Bladen County, North Carolina, and is a son of Doctor Neill and Eliza- beth (Cromartie) Graham, the former a native of Cumberland County and the latter of Bladen County. Vol. v— 20 The ancestors of Doctor Graham on both sides were of pure Scotch origin, were people of promi- nence and distinction in the Cape Fear Section of North Carolina, and contributed to the up- building and progress of their locality. The pater- nal grandfather, Neal Graham, was born about seven miles from the present town of Raeford, in what is now Hoke County, but which until 1911 was a part of Cumberland County. Among his children was Neill Graham, who, although he pro- nounced his given name the same as that of his father, spelled it differently. Neill Graham showed an inclination for a professional career in his youth, secured a good medical education, and for a long period of years was engaged in practice at the old community of Whitehall, Bladen County, North Carolina, where he eventually passed away. He was a man who stood high in the respect of his fellow-citizens and one whose integrity and honesty were unquestioned, while his devotion to his profession and its highest ethics gained him a reputation and standing among his fellow-practi- tioners. Dr. Neill Graham was a cousin of Archie and Alex Graham of Charlotte, the former of whom is the father of Edward Kidder Graham, who is now the president of the University of North Carolina and one of the most distinguished educa- tors in the United States. He is also the father of Mary Graham, also a distinguished instructor, she being the president of Peace Institute at Raleigh. Professor Alex Graham is likewise dis- tinguished in the field of educational work and for a long number of years has been the superintend- ent of the city schools of Charlotte, while several other immediate members of this family have had notable careers as students and educators. While George A. Graham was still a child his parents moved from Elizabethtown to a planta- tion near Whitehall, about eleven miles below, on the Cape Fear River. There he was reared amid picturesque surroundings and in the midst of a community rich in interesting lore and local his- tory. He attended the local schools and the Clin- ton High School, and took his first year in medi- cine at Louisville, Kentucky, having first had some instruction under his father. He completed his medical work as a student at the Medical College of the University of New York, from which well known institution he was graduated in 1875, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and his initial practice was carried on at Cedar Creek in Cum- berland County, where he remained for about three years. In 1878 Doctor Graham returned to White- hall, Bladen County, and there took charge of the practice of his father, who had carried on profes- sional labors there for many years. This prac- tice extended to various points in Bladen County and was large and important, and for eighteen years Doctor Graham ministered to the needs of his large clientele. In 1896 he located at Warsaw in Duplin County, where he practiced until 1900. and in the latter year took up his residence and established his office at the new town of Raeford. This community was at that time situated in Cum- berland County, but since 1911 has been the county seat of the new Hoke County, and one of the most progressive and enterprising little cities in the state. For eight years following his arrival Doctor Graham practiced in association with Doctor Dickson, and the four years which immediately came after were devoted to individual practice in medicine and surgery. In 1912, on account of somewhat impaired health, caused by his long and faithful devotion to the exacting and exhaustive 306 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA duties of his calling, lie retired from the practice of medicine and surgery and embarked in the real estate and insurance business, which since that time has had his entire attention. For some years previously he had been interested in realty in this section, and had gained a working knowl- edge of values even before taking up the business. He has handled some transactions, and is now representing a number of the leading insurance companies. Doctor Graham is greatly esteemed by all as a citizen, by reason of his high character and his splendid qualities. While living in Bladen County he served for several years as a member of the board of county commissioners, and after coming to his present place of residence became an active factor in the movement which led up to the forma- tion of Hoke County, formed from portions of Cumberland and Eobeson counties, and which was consummated in 1911. It was Doctor Graham, in association with John W. Johnson, of Raeford, who in .1911, at a conference with the authorities at the state capitol, Raleigh, accepted on the part of the citizens the name of ' ' Hoke ' ' as the ap- pellation for the new county. Doctor Graham is a pleasing conversationalist, with a wealth of interest- ing reminiscences of the Cape Fear Section of the Old North State. On January 4, 1877, Doctor Graham married Cora James Cromartie of Bladen County, North Carolina, daughter of P. L. and E. J. (Faison) Cromartie. One son, Neill Lafayette, who died at the age of eight months, was born of this union. John Whitman Zimmerman, D. D. S. One of the leading representatives of the dental profes- sion of Salisbury, John W. Zimmerman, D. D. S., is actively identified with one of the important branches of surgery, its application being acquired at some period of life by almost every member of the human family. A son of Alexander Zim- merman, he was born on a farm in Arcadia Town- ship, Davidson County, North Carolina, of Ger- man ancestry. His great-grandfather, Jacob Zim- merman, came with his brother Jack from Ger- many to America at an early day, and having been a Moravian, joined a Moravian colony in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and there resided until his death. The doctor's paternal grandfather, George Zim- merman, was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and there spent the days of his boyhood and youth. In early manhood, he came to North Carolina, locating in that part of Stokes County that is now included within the limits of Forsyth County, near Bathabara, now Old Town, and having pur- chased a large tract of land there engaged in farming with slave help the remainder of his days, dying at the age of sixty-eight years. He married Martha Link, the member of an old Mora- vian family. She outlived him a short time, dying when sixty-nine years old. Both she and her hus- band were buried in the Moravian Churchyard at Old Town. Born on the home farm, near what is now Old Town, Forsyth County, Alexander Zimmerman was reared to agricultural pursuits, and naturally adopted farming as his occupation. Coming to Davidson County in early life, he bought a large tract of land in Arcadia Township, and imme- diately began its improvement. A man of push and energy, diligent in his labors, he has met with marked success in his undertakings, his home- stead property, with its substantial buildings and improvements, bearing evidence of his skill and ability as a farmer. The maiden name of his wife was Amanda Jane Sink. She was born in Lexington Township, a daughter of Joseph and Susan Sink, and died on the home farm, in Ar- cadia Township, when but fifty-nine years old. She was the mother of eight children, namely: — Robert, Charles, John W., Alice Virginia, Earl, Arthur, George, and Henry Grady. John W. Zimmerman was brought up on the home farm, and as a boy attended the rural schools. After his graduation from the Arcadia High School, he taught in the Thomason District, Arcadia Township, two years. Entering then the Southern Dental College, at Atlanta, Georgia, he was there graduated with the degree of D. D. S. in the class of 1908. Dr. Zimmerman, wishing to further perfect his knowledge of dental science, took a post graduate course at the Virginia Medi- cal College, in Richmond, after which he was engaged in the practice of dentistry at Ironton, Alabama, for two years. Coming from there to Rowan County, North Carolina, the doctor opened an office in Salisbury, where, by means of his acknowledged skill, close attention to his profes- sional duties, and his upright business dealings, he has built up a large and constantly increasing patronage. Doctor Zimmerman married, in 1914, Ollie Mae Ripple. She was born in Arcadia Township, Dav- idson County, a daughter of J. C. and Martha (Perryman) Ripple. The doctor and Mrs. Zim- merman have one child, John W. Zimmerman, Jr. True to the religious faith in which he was reared by his parents, the doctor is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Salisbury, to which his wife also belongs. The doctor is a member of the Rowan County, the North Carolina, and the National Dental societies. Fraternally he be- longs to Rowan Lodge No. 100, Knights of Pythias; and to Salisbury Council No. 26, Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Franklin Swindell Love, president of Louis- burg College, was prior to his induction in that educational post a prominent minister, holding several pastorates in North Carolina and also for a time lived in South America. Mr. Love was born in Union County, North Carolina, October 17, 1883, a son of Thomas Lee and Mary (Williams) Love. His father for many years has been a farmer and also employed in the internal revenue government service. R^v. Mr. Love was educated in Union Institute in his native county and graduated from Trinity College at Durham in 1908. He did post-gradu- ate work in Columbia University, and in 1909 entered upon his first pastorate in the Morehead City Methodist Episcopal Church. He was there a year and then for three years was pastor of the Queens Street Methodist Episcopal Church at Kinston, and from 1913 to 1915 was connected with the Grandery College in Brazil. On return- ing to the United States he became pastor of the Page Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church at Aberdeen, North Carolina, where he remained l'i years, and in May, 1917, was chosen president of the Louisburg College at Louisburg. He was elected president of the North Carolina Confer- ence Epworth League in June, 1917. Mr. Love is a member of the Religious Educa- tional Association, a national organization, belongs to the National Geographic Society, is a Knight Templar Mason and is grand chaplain of Royal HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 307 Arch Masous for North Carolina. He is also affili- ated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. June 29, 1910, he married Miss Cornelia By- num Clegg, who died September 3, 1916, leaving two children: Cornelia Clegg and Mary Harvey. Isaac C. Wright, one of many members of this branch of the Wright family distinguished for high intellectual and professional attainments, is a successful lawyer at Wilmington, to which city he removed two years ago after making his mark in one of the smaller communities of the state. The reputation that followed him to Wilmington has been greatly enhanced by his substantial work and he is today one of the busiest lawyers in the city. Mr. Wright was born in Sampson County, North Carolina, in 1884, a son of John C. and Bettie V. i Herring) Wright. His father is now deceased. The family has lived for several generations in the southern half of Sampson County. His great- grandfather, John Wright, lived, died and was buried at the old Wright home place where Isaac C. Wright was born. The plaee is five miles east of Parkersburg at the forks of the Big and Little Coharie, and is fourteen miles south of Clinton, the county seat. A postoftice named Coharie was formerly the Wright home, but this has been dis- continued and the people of the community now get their mail by rural free delivery. Great- grandfather, John Wright, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. His kinsman was named Isaac Wright, a resident of Bladen County. Isaac Wright had a brother named Thomas Wright, who lived in Duplin County and from whom the Slo- cums of Greensboro are descended. Mr. Clem Wright of Greensboro is a descendant of Isaac Wright. The grandfather of Isaae C. Wright was Isaac C. Wright. His father, John C. Wright, who was born in 1832 and died in 1898, served through- out the war in the Confederate Army and was lieutenant of a company which was a part of the Second North Carolina Begiment, Lane's Brigade. Bettie V. (Herring) Wright, who is still living, had a distinguished record as an educator, not only of her own numerous household but of other young people as well. For twenty years she con- ducted at her home a private school for boys and girls known as Mrs. B. V. Wright's School. Her father, Bryan Whitfield Herring, was born and reared near Calypso in Duplin County and rep- resented his county in the General Assembly of North Carolina. His mother was a member of the well known Whitfield, family of Eastern North Carolina. Bryan W. Herring married Penelope Sims, related to the quite numerous family of that name in Wayne and Wilson counties. Isaac C. Wright is the youngest of nine children. Brief reference to each of his brothers and sisters is made in later paragraphs. Isaac C. Wright at- tended school at Oak Ridge Institute for one year, then entered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was graduated A. B. and A. M. in 1905. While in university he distinguished himself as a leader in debating. He represented that school in two intercollegiate debates with the University of Georgia in 1904 and 1905. He was a member of the Phi Society. He also acquired his legal training at the University of North Caro- lina and the University of Chicago, being licensed to practice in September, 1906. Mr. Wright earned his first legal fees at Greensboro, where he remained for a little more than a vear. Then for about eight years he handled an increase- ing general practice at Clinton, county seat of his native county. In 1916, selecting the wider field afforded by the City of Wilmington, he became associated here in the practice of law with Mr. Graham Kenan under the firm name of Kenan & Wright. The senior member of that firm is else- where referred to. They have a voluminous gen- eral practice in the various county, state and Federal courts. Referring again to his university career, Mr. Wright was a member of the class, that of 1905, which started the Alumni Loyalty Fund for the university. Each member of this class sigTied a note agreeing to give a certain amount each year for ten years as a contribution to the fund, and to meet at a reunion at the university at the end of the ten years and present the contribution to the university. The agreement was faithfully carried out. The reunion was held in 1915, and at that time this class presented the university with $1,000. Each class since 1905 has followed the good example thus set, and a permanent Loyalty Fund is being built up of much use now and of increasingly greater use to the university in years to come. Mr. Wright has always taken a keen interest in the welfare of his alma mater. He is a Phi Beta Kappa, a member of Cape Fear Lodge No. 2, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church at Wil- mington. In June, 1910, he married Miss Bertha Dalfon, of Winston-Salem, daughter of D. N. Dalton, of Dalton, Stokes County, a town named for this family. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have two children, Rebecca W. and Bertha Dalton. Friends and others familiar with their history and careers have often remarked the Wright fam- ily as one of exceptional intellectual attainments, of notable high character and ambition, and all the numerous members have worked hard in their various callings, and made a name in the world. It is truly a remarkable household that grew up as children of John C. and Bettie Wright, nine in number, all growing to useful manhood and womanhood and acquiring good educations. Brief paragraphs referring to the children other than Isaac C. follow : W. I. Wright of Ingold, Sampson County, is a successful farmer and merchant, and is well known among agricultural circles of the state for having won at the State Fair of 1916 the first prize for the Eastern Division of North Carolina on his cotton and corn, and also the blue ribbon on a general farm exhibit. He has served as a mem- ber of the Board of County Commissioners of Sampson County. He married Miss Julia Herring of Clinton, daughter of Mr. Owen F. Herring, ex-Register of Deeds of Sampson County, and they have eight children. Robert H. Wright of Greenville, president of the Eastern Carolina Teachers Training School, is as that position indicates, one of the notable educators of the state. He is a graduate of the State University with the class' of 1898. He married Miss Pearl Murphy, daughter of the late Dr. W. B. Murphy of Tomahawk, Sampson County. Mrs. Annie F. Kent, of Lenoir, Caldwell County, is the wife of Dr. A. A. Kent, a prominent banker and capitalist of that place and ex-president of the Medical Society of North Carolina. Dr. John B. Wright of Raleigh is member of the firm Lewis, Battle & Wright, physicians, and is a graduate of the Medical College of Richmond. 308 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA He married Miss Violet Rhodes of Lineohitou, North Carolina, and has four children. B. V. Wright of Laurel, Mississippi, a civil engineer, is a graduate in engineering of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Raleigh in 1901, and is now superintendent of Maintenance of Ways for one of Mississippi 's railroads. He married Miss Bessie Herring and has four children. Mrs. Penelope Wilson, wife of Dr. L. R. Wilson of the faculty of the University of North Caro- lina, studied music in Gunston Institute at Wash- ington, D. C. Doctor and Mrs. Wilson have two children. Mrs. Bettie C. Smith, wife of Prof. H. B. Smith, superintendent of schools at Newbern, is a gradu- ate of the State Normal School and they have two children. Mrs. Mary Thomas is the wife of George B. Thomas, . a native of Youngstown, Ohio. Mr. Thomas is professor of electrical engineering in Colorado College at Colorado Springs but at present is on leave of absence for one year in New York City on electrical engineering for a New- York firm. Edoar Hall. Experience teaches that the man who has followed' an agricultural career during the formative and active period of his life inva- riably makes a better citizen when he is ready to turn his attention to civic duties and public service. His long hours alone, following the plow or reap- ing the harvest his hands have planted and devel- oped, teach him many things not known usually to the man who has spent his life in the busy marts. Hours of contemplation of nature and study of her lessons fit the farmer for conservative, consec- utive action when he is called upon to discharge the duties of public office, or to assume command of industrial or commercial affairs. His success in the agricultural field gives him standing in his community. In this connection the career of Edgar Hall, of Raeford, is deserving of more than passing mention. Not only were his younger and formative years passed in the fields as a developer of the soil, but he still has large interests in agriculture. He likewise is a merchant of sound ability and standing in the business world, and has been sheriff of the county of Hoke ever since the county's or- ganization, in 1911, a movement in which he took a leading part. Sheriff Edgar Hall was born on a farm near Hope Mills, Cumberland County, North Carolina, in 1874, being a son of Nathan and Josephine (Fort) Hall, both of whom are deceased. His father was a native of Bladen County, North Carolina, and moved from that eounty to Robeson County in 1874, a short time before the birth of his son. He became well known in this section of North Carolina, and when he died, in 1916, at the age of seventy-seven years, his community lost a good and public-spirited citizen and a substantial and industrious agriculturist. Mr. Hall had served throughout the war between the states as a private in the Confederate service, and during the greater part of the time was stationed at the Confederate arsenal at Fayetteville, and was there when Fayette- ville was captured and the arsenal burned by General Sherman, whose forces took Mr. Hall prisoner. He had an excellent record as a soldier and this was continued in his life as a civilian. Edgar Hall was brought up amid agricultural surroundings, being reared on a farm in the vicin- ity of Lumber Bridge, where his education came from the rural schools. He was brought up to the pursuits of farming and remained in his native vicinity until 1896, in which year he settled at Dundarrach, about six miles southeast of Raeford, at that time a part of Robeson County, but now a portion of the new eounty of Hoke. His early efforts were confined to farming, but subsequently he recognized and grasped an opportunity to enter mercantile affairs, and became the founder of the Dundarrach Trading Company, a large country store enterprise, of which he is still president. Under his able management this enterprise has grown and developed until at this time it occupies an important place in commercial affairs and car- ries on a prosperous general merchandising busi- ness with a trade that extends over a radius of some miles. Mr. Hall has also been interested in other business undertakings, having been for five or six years the proprietor of a lumber yard and mill at Dundarrach, but has sold his interests there- in. He still continues as a farmer, having a good property of 250 acres in the Dundarrach com- munity, where he carries on general operations, and on which he has placed substantial buildings and modern improvements. Among his associates in business and in agriculture he is recognized as a shrewd, capable man of affairs, who is faith- ful to his engagements and straightforward in his dealings. Mr. Hall has for a number of years been inter- ested in public affairs, and when the movement was promulgated for the forming of a new coun- ty from parts of Cumberland and Robeson coun- ties, in 1911, he was one of the first to come for- ward with his support and co-operation. This work resulted in the organization of the County of Hoke, and Governor Kitchen, after careful consideration, chose Mr. Hall for the office of sheriff, an ap- pointment that met with the hearty approval by the people as has been shown by his retention in office by successive elections. He has shown him- self a capable official and the law and order pre- vailing in the county speaks well for his capacity. Shortly after his appointment Mr. Hall established his home at Raeford, the county seat, in a modern residence, where he has a fine library. Fraternally Sheriff Hall is a Mason. He has an excellent military record, having been a member of the National Guard of North Carolina for several years, achieving the rank of captain. He was first lieutenant of Company F, Second North Carolina Infantry, during the Spanish-American war, and in later years was elected captain of a company organized at Raeford, attached to the Second Regi- ment, and which went into service on the Mexican border in the summer of 1916. Mrs. Hall was formerly Miss Katie MacMillan, of Saint Pauls, Robeson County, where she was born. There are four children : Raymond, Joseph- ine, Lulu and Thelma. Robert Melvin Gantt is a member of the bar of Durham. While his record is not a long one, it is exceedingly creditable and shows that he has achieved definite success and distinction in his chosen vocation. He was born in Cleveland County, North Caro- lina, February 10, 1886, a son of Melvin Puckett and Georgiana (Jones) Gantt. His father pros- pered as a manufacturer, farmer and merchant. The son was liberally educated, attended Belwood Institute, was a member of the class of 1909 in the literary department of Trinity College, and in 1911 graduated LL. B. from the law school. The next four years he spent in practice at Bry- &d^aA/ / rovost marshal at Wilmington and later at Golds- boro. At the close of the war he was honorably discharged and was mustered out August 24, 1865. Although all necessity concerning life in the South had been removed, Major Grant after his return to New England found his thoughts stray- ing back to the land of genial climate, flowers and kind people, who, notwithstanding his execution of the military law while he was provost marshal, had shown him evidences of friendly understanding that warmed his heart as he remembered it. He decided that among such people he desired to find a permanent home. That Major Grant was equally highly regarded by the people of Goldsboro was abundantly proved. He embarked here in a mercantile business and before long found himself postmaster, appointed without his knowledge, and in this office he served for seventeen years. In 1868, when he had been a resident of the state for only three years, his fel- low citizens made him a member of the Constitu- tional Convention, again without his -seeking the honor. Always a republican in polities, he never has sought preferment for himself, but in 1892, without his consent, he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1894 was re-elected. It was during his terms in the Senate that he gained the honor- able reputation of having done more for the estab- lishment of graded schools in this section than any other individual. He was chairman of the Senate Committee on Education and it was through his efforts that an impetus was given the subject of universal education which aroused an interest that has never subsided. Perhaps the younger generation now enjoying public school advantages at Golds- boro do not know that Major Grant made possible the first public school in this city. He cherished the idea for some time before he found opportunity to make it practical. Finally he prevailed upon the Fair Association to donate an old buiiding for the purpose, and this he moved to a lot of his own, rebuilt and furnished the structure himself and thus started the first public school, the nucleus of one of the finest public school systems in efficiency in the state. For twenty years he served as a school trustee and as secretary of the school board, and later for ten years was secretary and treas- urer of the Colored Normal School. In numerous other ways Major Grant proved his public spirit and devotion to the best interests of Goldsboro during his active public life. For a number of years he served as a city alderman, and it was through his efforts that the first fire limit law was passed. In 1898 when, after so many years of peace, the United States became again involved in war, Major Grant tendered his services in some ca- pacity, which were accepted, and he was appointed paymaster with the rank of major and served thir- teen months, at Washington, D. C, in Porto Rico and at New York City, and was mustered out in the spring of 1899. In November of that year he was appointed clerk for the United States District Court of the Eastern District of North Carolina, having four deputies under him, one each at Wil- mington, Newbern, Washington and Elizabeth City, and he served as such until 1913. At one time Major Grant was the caucus nominee for the office of sergeant-at-arms of the United States Senate, losing the appointment by the loss of but one vote. *' a ks . zy " \\ 1 V*i*T^!§? ;*x; I ! : JHHJ y"- >T— .ivSa' 1 ■ , '*r;,£- 1 - ^^^^Hk^^Bl 1 ^M$ra£ *'%£$ j^ifcv k^);^& 'Ai HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA ill Few men are more widely known in business circles at Goldsboro than Hiram L. Grant. For forty-five years he has been engaged in a brick manufacturing business here and his product is one of the market, staples. He is president of the Grant Realty Company and of the firm of H. L. (■rant & Son, owners and dealers in farm and city property. In 1913 he erected the Grant six-story concrete office building, with pressed brick veneer and fireproof throughout, the finest structure of its kind in this city. For years his interests have been so many and so substantial that his name has been a recognized asset in the encouragement of laud- able investments here. Major Grant was married two years after the close of his Civil war service, on December 2, 1868, to Miss Lizzie Green, who was born at Putnam, Connecticut, and was an old school mate. To this union the following children were born : John Hiram, who is a minister serving the Congre- gational Church at Elyria, Ohio: Evylin, who is the wife of Daniel F. Gay, a prominent attorney of Worcester, Massachusetts; Mabel, who is the wife of J. F. Bowles, a merchant at Statesville, Nprth Carolina; Louis X., who is associated with his father in the brick manufacturing business at Goldsboro and a member of the firm of H. L. Grant & Son; and Minnie E., who died at Golds- boro, January 20, 1916. She was the wife of C. E. Wilkins, who is a cotton manufacturer and buyer in this eity. Major Grant belongs to no fraternal organiza- tions, other than patriotic ones, being a member of l>oth the Grand Army and of the Loyal Legion. From youth he has endeavored to lead an upright christian life and is a member of the First Bap- tist Church of Goldsboro, in which he formerly served in the office of deacon and also for many years was active in Sunday School work. He has always been a liberal benefactor of worthy proj- ects and from the time he established his home at Goldsboro until the present, has been a ben- eficial influence and an upbuilder. Frank K. BROADHfRST is one of the young men of energy and ability who are making modern business history in the Town of Smith- field. Mr. Broadhurst was born in Wayne County, North Carolina. December 22, 1881, a son of substantial farming people of that section, David John and Martha (Baker i Broadhurst. After his education in the Goldsboro graded school he de- termined that his career should be identified with business, and after some preliminary training and experience he came to Smithfield in 1903 and has since been secretary and treasurer of the Smithfield Cotton Mills. Mr. Broadhurst was also secretary and treasurer of the Ivanhoe Manufac- turing Company, another cotton mill, and is presi- dent of the Cotter-Underwood Company, one of the principal general merchandise establishments of the town. He is also a director of the First National Bank of Smithfield. Fraternally Mr. Broadhurst is affiliated with the Masonic Order and the Knights of Pythias. December 20, 1905, he married Miss Nell Mor- gan, of Smithfield. They have a family of four children: Morgan, Pauline. Virginia and Nell Morgan. George Howard has been an important figure in industrial and business affairs at Tarhoro and elsewhere for upwards of thirty years. He was one of the organizers of the Bunnymede Mills, Nos. 1 and 2 at Tarboro and No. 3 at Wil- son, and has been president of the business since organization. He is also vice president of the Edgecombe Homestead and Loan Association, president of the Tarboro Ginning Company, treasurer of the Edgecombe County Fair Associa- tion, chairman of the Board of Trustees of Tar- boro Public Schools, a member of the exemption board and has also carried on a large business as a builder and contractor and as a dealer in build- ers supplies. Mr. Howard was born May 13, 1866, sou of George and Anna (Stamps) Howard. His father was a prominent and successful attorney of North Carolina. George Howard was educated in the Bingham Military School and in 1885 graduated from the University of North Carolina. He was first associated with his father in the hardware business, before he entered the larger field of industrial enterprise where his name is now one of the most conspicuous in the state. Mr. Howard is a Knight Templar Masou, and is an elder of the Presbyterian Church of Tarboro. April 19, 1892, he married Miss Elizabeth Bawls of Tarboro, daughter of E. W. and Mary (Cham- berlain) Eawls. Her father was a merchant. Mr. and Mrs. Howard have five children : George ; Elizabeth Stamps, now " Mrs. B. R. Howell, of Fayetteville, North Carolina; Eawls; Mary Chamberlain; and Robert. Elliott S. Millsaps. To be full of his subject, to have its fundamentals ground into him by ex- perience, is one of the primary qualifications of the teacher, the salesman, or in any line of lead- ership, whether it be in the humblest role of di- recting a few employes in a common task, or in handling the operations of an army. A position of leadership, involving peculiar re- sponsibilities and powers, is that of district ageut for the agricultural extension work carried on by the United States Department of Agriculture, and the State College of Agriculture and Experiment Station. The man in charge of this district of North Carolina of which Statesville is the center is Elliott S. Millsaps. Mr. Millsaps was a practical, thorough and efficient farmer long before he as- sumed the role of a leader in the agricultural up- lift of Western North Carolina. Another valuable qualification was his former experience as a teacher, and thus he has the ability to mix with farming people of his own class and at the same time impart knowledge through his own well trained mind. Mr. Millsaps is not only a native of North Caro- lina but is identified with the state by a line of ancestry that goes back into extremely early days. The original seat of the Millsaps family was Alexander County. That section of the state was originally settled by Mr. Millsaps' great-great- grandfather, Joseph Millsaps. Joseph Millsaps with two companions, Mayberry and Smith, ar- rived there some years before the Revolutionary war. Joseph Millsaps was either a native of Wales or the son of a Welshman. These three original settlers ^n coming to the region, after the man- ner of pioneer settlers, ' ' looked the country over ' ' and having each manifested his choice they divided the territory among them into three parts. The land thus settled embraced a very large expanse of country. 318 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Mr. Millsaps ' great-grandfather was ' ' Billy ' ' Millsaps, who became the father of nineteen chil- dren. These children and their descendants scat- tered over not only Western North Carolina but many western states, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missis- sippi, Louisiana, Texas, and through all the gen- erations they have proved a strong, sturdy, sub- stantial race of people. For the most part they have followed the vocation of farming. The grandfather of Mr. Millsaps was Col. Tom Millsaps, who before the war was a colonel of State Militia in Alexander County. Elliott S. Millsaps was born on the old Millsaps homestead eleven miles northeast of Taylorsville in Alexander County in 1865. His birthplace was on land con- tained in the original tract settled by his great- great-grandfather. He is a son of Joseph and Jane (Hendren) Millsaps, the former of whom is deceased. His father served a portion of the war in the Confederate army, and was for many years a farmer. Mr. Millsaps ' mother is of pure English descent. She was born in Wilkes County, North Carolina, where the Hendrens were very early set- tlers. Elliott S. Millsaps grew up on a farm and with all his other interests he has never for any length of time been out of touch with the things of the soil and the vocations based upon it. For several years he combined teaching with farming. His early ambition was to secure a collegiate educa- tion, but conditions prevented his carrying out this aim. By hard work he acquired what might be termed a liberal education. He attended pub- lie schools until he was about sixteen and at nineteen began teaching in his native county. He taught school while he was finishing his own edu- cation and was connected with several academic schools in Alexander, Yadkin and Iredell coun- ties. Mr. Millsaps came to Iredell County and began farming and teaching in 1895. He bought and occupied a farm eleven miles northwest of States- ville on the Wilkesboro Road. After three or four years he gave up teaching and turned his entire attention to the management of his land. It is largely due to his experience as a practical and successful farmer that he has the complete con- fidence of the hundreds of men with whom he comes in contact as a district agricultural agent. The farm which he acquired in Iredell County twenty years or so ago was not one in which he could take great pride on account of its fertility and well tilled fields and improvements. He has built it from the ground up, and in solving the various problems with which North Carolina agriculturists have to deal, Mr. Millsaps is not only able to point out methods that have been successfully used elsewhere, but also the results of his own experience vivid in his mind. When he left his farm to take his present position, he carried with him the record of a most successful experience. He had developed his land to the point where he raised on portions of the farm fifty bushels of corn to the acre and a bale of cotton to the acre. He kept a herd of pure bred Poland China sows and usually sold about eighty pigs per year. Mr. Millsaps still owns this farm, comprising 153 acres, and it is undoubtedly one of the best in the entire county. Mr. Millsaps served for a time as county demon- stration agent in the Government 's extension work, and in 1908 he was offered and accepted his pres- ent work as district agent of the agricultural ex- tension work under the department of agriculture. His district embraces forty-one counties in North Carolina, and he has under him thirty county agents. This district embraces practically all of the rich Piedmont region of North Carolina as well as the mountain section. Mr. Millsaps has the ability to speak plainly and forcibly and to the point and express himself in simple and clear English. Much of his work consists of lecturing and demonstrating and he has the reputation of being one of the ablest public speakers before the Farmers ' Institutes and other agricultural gatherings and one whose addresses are always heard with profit. Progressiveness has been a keynote in his entire career. He is always quick to adopt modern ideas without sacrificing the best of the old ones. Some years ago he wrote for the Progressive Farmer at Raleigh, edited by L. L. Polk, the first article in North Carolina advocating rural free delivery. This article was widely copied throughout the state. It was at his own solicitation and petition that the second rural route in the state was established, the one out of Statesville over the Wilkesboro Road toward his own home. In the matter of rural telephones he was also a pioneer. He got the first rural telephone line in Iredell County, a line built out toward his farm, and soon that community had eighty subscribers. Mr. Millsaps has always conceived it his duty to do things not only for himself but for others as well. He de- termined that his children should have a college education, and in affording them these privileges he earned one of the durable satisfactions of life. Mr. Millsaps is a member of the Baptist Church. His wife before her marriage was Miss Delia E. Brown of Iredell County. They have four chil- dren, two sons and two daughters: Miss Vera, Ewing S., Gratz B., and Miss Katherine. Miss Vera is a science teacher and in 1917 took charge of the science department of the high school of Gastonia. The son, Ewing, is a graduate of the A. & M. College, has served as county demonstra- tion agent for Clay County, but is now a sergeant, in the Statesville Volunteer Company that is en- rolled in the new National army. The other son, Gratz B., is a corporal in the same company. Nathan 'Berry, son of Thomas and Cinderilla (Pope) O 'Berry, was born in Tarboro, North Car- olina, on January 26, 1856. His father was an extensive flour miller and railroad official, and his mother a woman who led the simple life, be- lieving that the demands of the outside world furnished no excuse for neglecting the duties of home — a type of woman which has done great things for the state and nation. The education of the son was in the high school of Edgecombe County — in the school of experience, and by familiarity and acquaintance with good books. On November 14, 1882, he married Miss Estelle Moore, of New Hanover County, North Carolina, the daughter of Joel and Eliza Moore. Mr. and Mrs. O 'Berry have two children, Estelle, wife of Dr. Ross S. McElwee, of Statesville, and Thomas, the only son, who married Miss Annie Land, of Kinston, North Carolina. He lives in Goldsboro and is vice president, and general manager of Enterprise Lumber Company. Mr. O 'Berry moved to Goldsboro about forty years ago and in 1887 he organized the Enterprise Lumber Company at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and for the past thirty years has been its presi- dent. The Enterprise Lumber Company owns one HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 319 hundred million feet of standing timber and it cuts approximately fifteen million feet per year. It operates twenty-five miles of railway, and the original capital stock of $13,500.01) has been in- creased to $40,000.00. The stock is worth about $600.00 per share. In 1902 Mr. O 'Berry organized the Whiteville Lumber Company, with a capital of $80,000.00. This company has since declared a stock dividend of 100 per cent, and recently there was an increase of the capital, making the" total $200,000.00. During the fourteen years of its existence the value of the company 's property has increased three fold, and its stock is now worth $230.00 per share. The company owns and operates forty-five miles of railway and cuts from over 15,000,000 to 18,000,000 feet of lumber a year. There are more than 300 men employed in various departments of the business. In 1910 he was one of the principal organizers of the Empire Manufacturing Company, and was its first president and is now vice president. This company has 200 persons on its pay-roll. It has a capital of $120,000.00 and its stock is worth from $250 to $300 per share. He was also one of the organizers of the Utility Manufacturing Company, which was the first com- pany in Eastern Xorth Carolina to work up gum timber for commercial purposes. He is a stock- holder in various cotton mills, and other manu- facturing enterprises of Goldsboro, and is a direc- tor of the Wayne National Bank. He was for two successive terms president of the North Carolina Pine Association. He was. also president of the North Carolina Forestry Association. He began life without money and his great suc- cess is due to tireless energy, sound judgment, fair and just treatment of his employes, and the power of organization. He has never been a candidate for public office, but his influence in polities has been as potential as in business, and he has taken an active interest in all political campaigns. He was a delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore which nomi- nated Mr. Wilson, and had the distinction of being elected unanimously as a delegate from a district which was very strong for Mr. Wilson, and which declined to instruct him as to his vote, knowing that he would represent truly the sentiment of the district, whieh he did. Perhaps one of his greatest achievements was in connection with the State Prison of North Carolina. Prior to 1900 when C. B. Aycock was elected governor of North Carolina, the prison had been a burden to the people of the state and each session of the General Assembly had to make appropriations for its support and maintenance. When Aycock was elected governor he called on O 'Berry as his close personal friend to accept the position as a director of this institution, and al- though it was with great personal sacrifice, he responded to the call of his friend and his state, and in four years, being ably seconded by the other members of the board of directors, and by the superintendent, who was elected by the board, he caused to be adopted such changes in business methods and in the manner of keeping books and accounts of the institution, and in cut- ting off unnecessary expenses, that the institu- tion became self supporting, and since that time it has paid hundreds of thousands of dollars into the treasury. The election of the superintendent illustrates the character of the man. The gov- ernor intimated that he desired the election of a man of high character and fine intellect, but who had not had very much business experience of the nature required in the management of the insti- tution, and Mr. O 'Berry told the governor that he could. not vote for him ; that being his appointee he might consider his resignation in his hands at any time, but that he could not vote for any one for the position as superintendent unless satisfied that he was the best qualified man for the posi- tion. The governor declined to accept his resig- nation and said that while he wanted the man named by him to be elected, and hoped Mr. O 'Berry could change his opinion, he expected him to remain on the board because he needed him, and that he could exercise his own judgment in the election of a superintendent. He has been a very busy man all of his life, but he has found time to take an active part in all that has made for the moral and financial up-lift of his community, and it is rare that there is any move- ment in which the people of this community are in- terested that he is not among the leaders. He is generous to his church, and has been one of the largest contributors to the Y. M. C. A. and Red Cross funds. He has gone the limit on Thrift Stamps, and has purchased liberally of each issue of Liberty Bonds, both for himself and for the companies he represents. He is on the executive committee of Col. F. H. Fries, who has charge of the Thrift Stamp and War Savings campaign in the state, and is in charge of the organization of the lumber interest in the state for the purchase of these stamps. He has the absolute confidence of the people of his community and is worthy of it. Col. Davidson Hearne Milton - was appointed on October 1, 1916, superintendent of the State Home for Confederate Soldiers at Raleigh, a po- sition for whieh he is eminently qualified on ac- count of his tact, his genial good nature, his broad experience in public administration and affairs and his specially sincere interest in the welfare of the old veterans, all of whom are greatly attached to him. Colonel Milton was born at Albemarle, Stanly County, North Carolina, in 1848. The date of his birth indicates that he was only thirteen years old when the war broke out. While his extreme youthfulness was a bar to active military service it did not prevent the outflow of his ardent spirit of enthusiasm for the cause. During the year 1865, when he was seventeen, he bought a horse and equipment and was ready and anxious to join Stuart's Cavalry. Though the war closed with- out his having been called into actual service, his spirit and patriotism were such that he has always been looked upon by the old veterans as a real comrade in arms. For years the old soldiers, his friends and business and political associates have affectionately known him as "Colonel" Mil- ton, a title conferred upon him on account of his prominence in political affairs. Colonel Milton is a son of James R. and Mary A. (Kirk) Milton. He is of English descent. Many generations back his lineage was the same as that from whieh came the great English poet John Milton. His great-great-grandfather, Rob- ert Milton, came from Virginia to North Carolina prior to the Revolutionary war. His settlement was made on the Dan River in Caswell County, near the present Town of Milton, named for the family. Colonel Milton 's great-grandfather was 320 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA William Hilton, and his grandfather was Thomas F. Milton. James B. Milton, his father, moved from Montgomery County to Stanly County in 1841, soon after that county was organized, it be- ing cut off from Montgomery County. The Mil- tons and the Hearnes were pioneers and were builders of the Town of Albermarle, which has since become one of the industrial cities of North Carolina. Colonel Milton for a long number of years has borne a very prominent and influential part in state politics. In 1874 he was made chief dep- uty sheriff of Stanly County, under Sheriff W. H. Hearne, serving in that capacity four years. For three years he was deputy clerk of the Superior Court under A. C. Freeman and remained in the same capacity for eight years under S. H. Milton. During Cleveland 's second administration he spent four years in Washington in the treasury department under John G. Carlisle. On return- ing to North Carolina he was clerk of the State Department of Insurance at Raleigh under Colonel Young for eight years, resigning this office to engage in banking at High Point. Colonel Mil- ton was cashier of the Home Banking Company of High Point until 1916. The death of his wife early in that year was such a shock and sorrow to him that his health was seriously impaired, much to the alarm of his many friends, and he was compelled to give up his business interests at High Point and retire. Mrs. Milton before her marriage was Miss So- phronia Hearne, member of the Stanly County family already mentioned. Her father, the late Joshua Hearne, and her cousin, Sidney H. Hearne, were both men of leadership in the affairs of Al- bemarle and Stanly County. Colonel Milton has three children: B. H. and Sam G. Milton, of Greensboro; and Mrs. Elizabeth May Tucker, of High Point. The people of Stanly County look upon Colonel Milton as one of their most important contribu- tions to the larger life and politics of the state. A sterling and uncompromising democrat, he has been a figure in every campaign in the state since 1868. His influence in politics has been such that more than one. election has been decided by him. He has been associated in political cam- paigns as speaker and worker with most of the big men of the state since Vance's first campaign of 1876, and has enjoyed the friendship and clos- est confidence of the state 's real leaders in the past forty years. Amos Turner Walston is widely known in Edgecombe County, where he has served for over ten years as clerk of courts. He belongs to an old and substantial family of the county, chiefly identified with the agricultural industry. Mr. Walston was born at St. Lewis in Edge- combe County December 4, 1869, a son of William Franklin and Louise (Pitt) Walston. His father was born a farmer and merchant. The son after an education in the public schools did farm work and clerked in the store for six years, and then settled down to an active career as an agricultur- ist, which he followed ten years. After a brief experience as a merchant he was appointed in August, 1906, clerk of courts, and in November of the same year was regularly elected to that office. He has been the choice of the people at every subsequent election and has given the most satisfactory anil creditable administration of the affairs of office. Mr. Walston is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. December 24, 1900, he married Miss Lina Harrell, of Edgecombe County. They have three children, Ellen, Lillian and Sue. Frederick Isler Sutton. A very considerable number of the prominent men of North Carolina have had more or less training in the law, and while one may not declare definitely that success in that learned profession proves the possession of abilities that insure the same in others, it so often has appeared to be true that the fact seems reasonably well established. When one considers the broad field of knowledge that is necessarily familiar ground to the capable lawyer, it is pos- sible to understand why in positions where wis- dom, patience, justice and humanity are equally as important factors he so completely governs the situation. Thus it is not at all surprising that the intelligent citizens of Kinston, North Carolina, discovered in the talented young lawyer, who had ra]jid]y risen to prominence at its bar, the posses- sion of qualities needful for the highest municipal office in their gift, nor that during his three ad- ministrations as mayor of the city he has been efficient in every particular. In numerous ways Frederick Isler Sutton is a leading citizen of Kinston. Mr. Sutton was born at Kinston, North Caro- lina, September 7, 1886, his parents being Levi Mewborn and Cora (Grimsley) Sutton. His great- great-grandfather was John Sutton, who married Sallie Arendall, daughter of Maj. William Aren- dall, who served in the Continental Army during the War of the Bevolution, he being a son of the Earl of Arendall of Scotland. The great-grand- father of Frederick I. Sutton was William Sutton, who served through the War of 1812, and who mar- ried the daughter of Frederick Isler, who came to America with Baron de Graffenreid. Mr. Sutton's paternal grandparents were Frederick Isler and Huldah (Mewborn) Sutton, and on the maternal side his grandparents were W. P. and Elizabeth (Dixon) Grimsley, the Grimsley family being one of the old-established ones of this section. Levi Mewborn Sutton was but sixteen years of age when he volunteered for service in the Confederate Army during the war between the states, through which he served bravely. Later he became a prominent planter. Ample family means provided the best of private instruction for Frederick I. Sutton until he was ready to enter Kinston High School, from which he was graduated in 1904, and he then became a student at the University of North Carolina, being graduated in 1908, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. This was followed by a. course at the Har- vard Law School, where he received his degree of Bachelor of Laws with the class of 1911, and an enjoyable trip through European countries, then at peace, assisted, as travel ever does, in still fur- ther and broader visiou and mental enlightenment. When he entered upon the practice of his profes- sion at his native place in December, 1911, it was with a. thorough equipment, not only in the law but for the other eventualities that at one time or another are reasonably sure to be accepted as moral responsibilities by public-spirited and con- scientious men of education. Such men can scarcely avoid political activity and fortunately so, and in 191.". Mr. Sutton was elected to the office of mayor and was re-elected to this office in 1915 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 321 and again in 1917. He gave the city so admirable an administration that business improved, public utilities were started, the city 's finances were placed on a sounder basis and many movements for the encouragement of worthy enterprises were inaugurated. To mention several of these, Mayor Sutton assisted in the organization of the Kinston Fair Association, in which he has continued to be interested; has taken a leading part in the North Carolina Good Roads Association, of which he is vice president, and has been active in the work of the Carolina Municipal Association, of which he is vice president, secretary and treasurer. He has likewise been one of the foremost factors in the activities of the North Carolina Chamber of Com- merce, and at this time is vice president of that association. In 1911, when the Kinston Chamber of Commerce was organized, he was largely instru- mental in its founding and served as its secretary and treasurer four times. Aside from his large and constantly increasing law practice, he is variously interested in business affairs, and is a director of the Caswell Trust and Banking Company. He is prominently known in Masonry, belonging to Saint John 's Lodge No. 4, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Caswell Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Saint Paul 's Commandery, Knights Templar ; and Sudan Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of which last named he is a char- ter member; and also holds membership in the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order United American Mechanics and Alpha Tau Omega and Pi Sigma fraternities. On November 10, 1915, at the First Presbyterian Church, Greensboro, North Carolina, Mr. Sutton was united in marriage with Miss Annie Gray Fry, who was born at Greensboro, North Carolina. Mrs. Sutton is a daughter of J. W. Fry, former general manager of the C. F. & Y. V. Railroad Company and president of the Greensboro Life Insurance Company, and now president of the Greensboro Loan and Trust Company. Her maternal grand- father was Col. Julius Gray, who was president of the C. F. & Y. V. Railroad Company and the Greensboro National Bank. Her great-grand- father was Governor John M. ^forehead, and she is a direct descendant of Col. Joshua Fry, of Revolu- tionary war fame, and Meriwether Lewis, and a first cousin of Major Lewis. Mr. and Mrs. Sut- ton are the parents of one son: Frederick Isler Sutton, Jr., who was born at Greensboro Septem- ber 13, 1916. Mr. and Mrs. Sutton take part in the city 's pleasant social life, but, because of his energetic nature, recreation as a means of merely passing time has never appealed to Mr. Sutton. His name may be found, however, on the list of those willingly contributing to charities and pro- moting useful and helpful organizations, and in this connection he is a member of the county board of health. William Barret Taylor was one of the first tobacco manufacturers to recognize the possibilities of Winston and give that town its impetus in the progress which has continued until Winston- Salem is a name known all over the world. Mr. Taylor has the traditions and inheritance of the Virginia aristocracy. He was born on a farm three miles from the City of Richmond. His paternal lineage goes back several generations to Edmund Taylor, who according to the family ac- count was one of six or seven brothers who came from England to America in colonial times. Ed- mund Taylor joined the colonists in their struggle for independence during the Revolutionary war. Vol. T— SI Maj. Edmund Taylor, grandfather of William B. Taylor and son of the revolutionary soldier, was on the staff of Gen. Porterfield with the rank of major during the War of 1812. It is said that he was the first captain of that famous organiza- tion known as the Richmond Blues. By occupation he was a merchant and he established the first wholesale dry goods house in Richmond. Early in the last century he made a business trip to New Orleans. New Orleans was then as far away from the Atlantic seaboard as China is now in point of time and difficulty of travel, and in going to the southern metropolis he went over the moun- tains to Huntington, West Virginia, and thence by boat down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. At New Orleans he traded a cargo of sugar for 40,000 acres of land in Florida which was still a Spanish possession. While returning from the South Major Taylor was stricken with yellow fever and he died at Ronceverte, West Virginia, where his re- mains were laid to rest. Major Taylor married Frances Ann Richardson. She was born in Han- over County, Virginia, a daughter of John or Wil- liam Richardson, who was a planter and slave holder and owned , a handsome estate known as Rose College. Mrs. Edmund Taylor survived her husband, was twice married after that and died a widow at 'the age of sixty-three. Her second hus- band was Rev. James W. Douglas and her third Doctor Wadell of Staunton, Virginia. Prof. Henry Porterfield Taylor, father of the Winston-Salem business man, was one of the most distinguished men of his time. He was born in the City of Richmond in 1817. He was educated in Sydney College, Washington and Lee University, and Princeton College. With this training, forti- fied by his innate culture and remarkable purity of character, he entered the educational field and established a preparatory school in Richmond. He presided over that institution of learning for many years, until ill health compelled him to abandon the work. In the meantime he had bought an During the war between the states Professor Tay- lor was exempt from military duty on account of his frail health. However, he was made captain of a company of conscript guards. The best light estate three miles out of the city on the Chicka- hominy River, and that became the family home, afforded on his positive character and manhood is found in his attitude during the stormy and passionate period of the war, when partisanship and conventional conduct were most rigidly adhered to. While he believed slavery was a divine institu- tion and was not capable of being destroyed, he had some advanced views as to the methods of treating slaves and in the course of the war he wrote a very long and elaborate article in which he denounced the separation of slave families. The Confederate Government refused him permission to publish this article. Besides its main thesis it also contained some severe strictures upon the abolitionists and the republicans of the North. When the South surrendered his wife burned the manuscript fearing it would fall into the hands of the Yankees and become the basis of persecu- tion. Professor Taylor was one of the "pacifists" of his time. He abhorred war as a means of set- tlement of difficulties between individuals and na-' tions, and while he was captain of the company of Conscript Guards he refused to wear a uniform. He dressed merely in citizen 's clothes and went about unarmed, using moral suasion instead of a gun in making arrests. After the war he super- intended his estate and as an auctioneer he cried 322 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA many sales in Richmond. The death of this vali- ant and sturdy character occurred November 20, 1887. Professor Taylor married Cornelia Storrs. She was born at Hunslet Hall in Henrico County, Vir- ginia. Her grandfather, Joshua Storrs, was a na- tive of Hunslet Hall, England, and of Quaker par- ents. His marriage out of church forfeited his birthright membership as a Quaker. Coming to America in colonial times he located in Henrico County, where he acquired a large estate and built a mansion of baronial pretensions, surrounded by ample grounds. This place is located about five miles from Richmond. After his death his son, Gervas, succeeded to the ownership, spent his lifetime there, and descendants of Gervas still own and occupy the place. Gervas Storrs, father of Cornelia Storrs Taylor, was born in Henrico County and married Martha Truehart of Hanover County, Virginia. Cornelia Taylor died at the age of eighty-three, having reared nine children : Pauline, Emily Morris, Frances Douglas, Cornelia, Mary Boiling, William Barret, Sidney, Jaequelin P., and Henry P., Jr. William B. Taylor spent his early life on the family estate near Richmond and his early char- acter was molded by the example of his honored father and by the stormy environment of war times. Most of his early education was given him by his father. When he was only eleven years of age and while his father was in the service of the Confederate Government he had to assume many of the responsibilities of the home farm and he spent nearly every day in the fields with the slaves. The intermediate fortifications for the de- fense of Richmond were built only half a mile from the Taylor home, and during the four years of the war, while the Union forces were constantly battering at the approaches and gates of Richmond, he witnessed many scenes of carnage. In 1868 Mr. Taylor went to work in a tobacco factory at Richmond, and there acquired a thor- ough technical knowledge of the details of the business. He was in the tobacco business at Rich- mond until 1879, when he went half way around the globe to Australia, touching at Honolulu and New Zealand on the outbound voyage. He landed at Sydney, and there became manager of the tobacco factory of Thomas Saywell. After one year on that island continent Mr. Taylor returned home, and at Liberty, now Bedford, Virginia, he accepted a tempting offer made him by Col. William Graves, a tobacco manufacturer, and was in his service for three years. His next removal was to Lynchburg, Virginia, where he entered the tobacco business under the firm name of Taylor & Gish. A year later the factory was burned. About that time Mr. Taylor visited Winston, North Carolina, which was then a small but flourishing town. He im- mediately recognized the wonderful possibilities of the Piedmont District for tobacco culture and the advantages of Winston as a point of manufacture, and coming to the conclusion that its advantages outweighed those of any other place he determined to locate there. Being unable to convince his partner, he purchased a release from the contract, and in 1884, with his brother, Jaequelin, estab- lished the tobacco factory at Winston which for so many years was conducted under the name Taylor Brothers. In 1879 Mr. Taylor married Elizabeth McCaw Boggs, a daughter of Gen. William R. and Mary (Symington) Boggs. Her father was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point and was an officer in the regular army. At the outbreak of hostilities between the North and South he resigned his commission and returned to the service of his beloved Southland and rose to the rank of general in the Confederate army. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have five children: Mary Symington, Henry Porterlield, William Barret, Jr., Archibald Boggs, Cornelia Storrs. The daughter Mary is the wife of John L. Dillard and has one daughter, Elizabeth McCaw. Henry P. married Rosamond Straus. William B., Jr., married Prances Swain. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are active members of the First Presbyterian Church of Win- ston-Salem. Politically he is now aligned as a christian socialist. Mr. Taylor is a well read man, has studied economic and social problems and has the courage of his convictions which distinguished his father. He is also a ready writer. Jacqtjelin Plummer Taylor was the type of citizen whom Winston-Salem or any other com- munity could ill afford to lose, even though his life work had been well done before his death. He was for many years actively associated with his brother, William B. Taylor, in the manufacture of tobacco at Winston-Salem, and he was one of the pioneers in founding the great tobacco industry at that point. He was born on a farm three miles from Rich- mond, Virginia, September 21, 1856, a son of Henry Porterfield and Cornelia (Storrs) Taylor. Of his family and his early environment reference is made in the sketch of his brother, William B. Taylor, on other pages. He was educated both in the neighborhood schools and under his father 's direction, and he started his business career as clerk in a store at Richmond. In 1884 he came to Winston and ac- cepted a position with the firm of which his brother, William B., was a member, and subse- quently the brothers formed a partnership so long known as Taylor Brothers. Mr. J. P. Taylor was married in 1887 to Miss Sarah Dewees. She was born in Fleming County, Kentucky. There were five children: Charles Mar- shall, Edward Douglas, Jane Marshall, Pauline Wharton, and Jaequelin Plummer, Jr. Jaequelin P. Taylor died at Winston-Salem De- cember 9, 1916. He was much more than a prac- tical and successful business man. Much study and observation had convinced him of many ad- vanced truths and he applied them in practice so that he could properly be denominated a christian socialist. At one time he was candidate of the so- cialist party in North Carolina for governor. His interests and his character were well sum- marized in an editorial in the Winston-Salem Jour- nal following his death. The Journal said: "Mr. Taylor was one of the most highly respected and dearly loved Christian men in Winston-Salem, his endeavors always having been to advance the in- terests and help the conditions of the working people. He has been a faithful and consistent member of the First Presbyterian church in this city since moving here, and has always contributed liberally of his splendid means to his church and to others in the city as well as to all charitable and benevolent causes. One of the most dis- tinguishing marks of this noble and admirable man was his prominence and enthusiasm as a socialist. Not of the extreme or abnormally radical type but of a conscientious and workable socialism, which he thought would benefit the working man. It was this spirit that prompted him and his HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 323 brother to increase the wages in their factory and shorten the hours of the workers." James Alderman Powers, a member of the North Carolina bar, is known professionally and as a citizen both at Jonesboro and at Kinston, and has been in active practice at the latter city for the past eight years. Mr. Powers was born on a farm in Pender County, North Carolina, May 11, 1882, a son of Leonidas Clifton and Ella (Alderman) Powers. His father was a farmer and his son grew up in a rural atmosphere and imbibed much of the wholesome spirit of country life while he was a boy. He acquired a liberal education, at first in the public schools and later in Wake Forest Col- lege, which he attended four years. Two years of this time were spent in the law department and in February, 1908, he gained admission to the bar. Mr. Powers practiced at Jonesboro, but in March, 1909, removed to Kinston, where he has built up a large and 'successful practice. While living at Jonesboro he served as mayor. He is one of the leading men in the democratic party in his county. Robert L. Gibbon, M. D. One of the most in- teresting names in the medical profession of Char- lotte is that of Gibbon, there having been five generations of physicians in this family. For more than eighty years the Gibbon family has been identified with the history of Charlotte, not only iu professional but in civic and official life, and its members have always contributed materially to the progress and welfare of this city. A worthy representative of the name is found in Dr. Robert L. Gibbon, one of the leading surgeons of the city, where his entire professional career has been passed. He is a native of Charlotte, and was born in 1866, being a son of Dr. Robert and Mary A. (Rogers) Gibbon, both of whom are now de- ceased. The great-grandfather of Dr. Robert L. Gibbon was Dr. John Gibbon, a medical and surgical prac- titioner of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in which city he carried on professional work for many years. His son, Dr. John H. Gibbon, grandfather of Robert L., was born in that city and early ex- pressed a predilection for his father's profes- sion and studied under the elder man 's preceptor- ship, in addition to attending several noted insti- tutions. He rose to a high place in his calling and also became one of the distinguished men of his day, and finally, in 1835, was appointed by the secretary of the treasury to the post of superin- tendent of the United States Mint at Charlotte. Immediately upon reaching this city he entered upon the duties of his office and remained in that capacity up to the time of the outbreak of the war between the South and the North. During those years the mint at Charlotte and the one at Philadelphia were the only one where the mintage of gold coins was carried on, and before the dis- covery of gold in California Charlotte was in fact a very important center of the gold mining in- dustry, gold mining being quite extensively car- ried on in North and South Carolina and in North- ern Georgia. After the war, and up to about the year 1913, the famous old mint at Charlotte was used as a government assay office, the coinage of gold having been discontinued. Many interesting incidents in the history of Charlotte are con- nected with the mint. Dr. John H. Gibbon, after taking up his position at Charlotte, devoted his time exclusively to the duties in connection there- with and never resumed the practice of his pro- fession. He died in Baltimore, where he had been invited to deliver an address, and was one of the most highly respected men of his community. Dr. Robert Gibbon, the father of Dr. Robert L. Gibbon, was born at Holmesburg, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1822, and was twelve years of age when he accompanied his par- ents to Charlotte. He inherited the family lean- ing toward medicine and after some preparation entered the Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated about 1848, and, returning from Philadelphia, began the practice of his calling at Charlotte. He rose rapidly in the profession, and had attained a distinguished place among medical men by the time the war between the states had come on, and was appointed chief surgeon of Lane 's Brigade from North Carolina in the Con- federate Army, serving with distinction as such during the entire period of the war. When peace was declared he returned to Charlotte, where he continued to be engaged in practice during the re- mainder of his life, and here his death occurred in 1898. Some time after the close of the war his father, Dr. John H. Gibbon, established what was then a country home, now the property and a part of the grounds of the Charlotte Country Club, adjoining the city on the east. The Gibbon home ( remained there for many years. Dr. Robert L. Gibbon was widely and favorably known in the medical, profession, a man of distinguished attain- ments and comprehensive learning, who was de- voted to his profession and an upholder of its highest ethics. As a citizen he contributed of his abilities to the securing and maintenance of good government, and in his relations with his fellow men he was honorable and straightforward in his dealings. Just after the close of the war between the states Doctor Gibbon was married to Miss Mary A. Rogers, of Charleston, South Carolina, who at that time was among the refugees from that city living in Mecklenburg County, where she was stay- ing with friends at Davidson College. She died in 1876, among her children being Robert L. and John H., the latter being a professor of surgery at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he has spent most of his time since his graduation from that institution. Dr. Robert Gibbon, after the death of his first wife, married Mrs. C. M. Harris, of Laurens, South Carolina, who survives him. Robert L. Gibbon prepared for college in the Carolina Military College, which was then con- ducted at Charlotte by Col. J. P. Thomas, who afterward went to Citadel, at Charleston, Doctor Gibbon studied medicine at Jefferson Medical Col- lege of Philadelphia, and progressed in his studies so rapidly that he was graduated from that in- stitution before he was twenty-one years of age and had to wait until he attained his majority in order to receive his diploma allowing him to begin the practice of his calling. He was engaged in general practice until 1910, since which time his work has been confined to surgery, a field in which he has gained a reputation that extends far beyond the limits of his native city. Besides his office practice in this branch of the profession he is surgeon on the staffs of the Presbyterian Hospital, the Charlotte Sanitarium and Saint Peter 's Hos- pital. He holds a high place in the esteem and friendship of his fellow practitioners, and is a valued member of the Mecklenburg County Medical Society, the North Carolina Medical Society, the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association, 324 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA the American Medical Association and the Ameri- can College of Surgeons. Doctor Gibbon married Miss Louise Erwin Wil- son, of Morganton, Burke County, North Carolina, daughter of the late Maj. James W. Wilson, who was a Confederate officer during the war between the states and later a railroad civil engineer and 1 milder of eminence, having constructed, among other enterprises of like importance, the Western North Carolina Railroad from Salisbury to Ashe- ville. Doctor and Mrs Gibbon are the parents of five children, the eldest of whom is James Wilson Gibbon, who is a student at Jefferson Medical College, and who, when he receives his degree, will be the fifth generation of the family to be repre- sented in the medical profession. Walker Taylor the quiet and efficient business man and citizen is the most apt characterization oi Walker Taylor of Wilmington. In the course of his active career he has done a great many things well, and such a service means more to the welfare of the community and state than individual achievement by other men which bring them more fame. The core of his activities since early boyhood has been the insurance business. When he left the public schools at the age of thirteen he was clerk in stores for several years, and then accepted a clerkship in an insurance office. Since 1893 Mr. Taylor has been in the insurance business under his individual name at Wilmington, and represents and is a director in some of the strongest fire insurance organizations of the South. He is a director of the North Carolina Home Insurance Company of Ealeigh; director of the Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company, vice president of the National Fire Insurance Association, and again and again has appeared before committees of Congress in behalf of insurance legislation. His success as an insurance man by no means limits his varied activities. He is secretary of the Wilmington, Brunswick & Southern Railway Company; president of the Mechanics Home Asso- ciation; director of the Murchison National Bank; director of People 's Savings Bank ; director AVilmington Stamp and Printing Company. He is on the retired list of the North Carolina National Guard with the rank of Drigadier general. He served with that organization for many years, rising from the ranks to colonel, and Governor Ayeoek during his administration called him back into active service as paymaster of the State Militia. In May, 1914, Mr. Taylor was appointed United States Collector of Customs for the District of North Carolina. That office he still holds and its duties take the greater part of his time and atten- tion. In 1896 he organized the "Boys Brigade" at Wilmington and his individual service has vitalized that organization throughout the twenty years of its successful existence. The brigade is largely made up of poor boys and these young men come together every Monday night for the purpose of social times and for such inspiration as they derive from association with and the talks given by prominent men of the city and state. Mr. Taylor himself has been on hand almost every meeting night. The organization has helped many a poor boy to secure a position and earn an honest livelihood, and it has also tended to develop manhood and a worthy purpose in life. Mr. Walker Taylor was born in South Carolina October 26, 1864. His parents, John Douglas and Sarah Elizabeth (Walker) Taylor, were both na- tives of North Carolina but were in South Carolina in 1864 on account of the yellow fever epidemic. The family returned to the plantation in North Carolina in 1865, and on the old farm Walker Taylor spent the first ten years of his life. He is a member of the Cape Fear Club, and is ruling elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Wilmington. He is an ex-director of the State Normal School at Greensboro. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is past grand chancellor of the North Carolina Knights of Pythias, is past sachem of the Improved Order of Red Men. April 19, 1893, he married Miss Rosa Lilly dimming, of Wilmington, daughter of Preston and Virginia (Lilly) Summing. They have three children: Virginia is Mrs. D. S. Oliver, of Wil- mington, Mr. Oliver being associated in business with Mr. Taylor; Walker, Jr., formerly a student in Princeton University; and Katherine Grandi- son, who is a student in Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. The son and son-in-law are both now serving the country as officers in the United States Army, both being in France. Kerr Craige. Keen of comprehension, and pos- sessing a broad knowledge of law, Kerr Craige, of Salisbury, Rowan County, is numbered among the leading attorneys of his community. A native of Salisbury, he comes of distinguished pioneer stock, being a. descendant in the sixth generation from Archibald and Mary Craige who were among the earlier settlers in that part of the Yadkin Valley which subsequently became and is now Rowan County. The next in line of descent was David Craige, Sr., who was an officer in the Revolutionary war and who was distinguished for his bravery and patriotic daring. He married Polly Foster and their son, David Craige, Jr., married Mary Foster, and they were the parents of Burton Craige, who was one of the foremost lawyers of his day and who was the grandfather of Kerr Craige, of whom we write. Burton Craige married Elizabeth Erwin, who was a daughter of Col. James Erwin, of Burke County, North Carolina, and a great-granddaughter of Gen. Matthew Locke, a distinguished Revolu- tionary patriot of Rowan County. Their son, Hon. Kerr Craige, who was also a distinguished lawyer and soldier, was the father of Kerr Craige, of this sketch. Acquiring his elementary education in private schools at Salisbury he later continued his studies for a number of years, in the public schools of Washington, District of Columbia, and spent some time at the Horner's Military Institute, in Oxford. Having determined upon the profession of law, in which his family has been eminently successful for almost a century, Mr. Craige then entered the University of North Carolina, and was graduated from its law department with the class of 1907. Receiving his license to practice law, in February, 1908, he formed a copartnership with his brother, Burton Craige, with whom he has since been as- sociated. For a number of years he was the state's prosecuting attorney for Rowan County and he continues to enjoy an extensive and remunerative practice in his profession, as well as the esteem of his community, in the welfare of which he takes a genuine interest. <^~<7 ffriii. tPflM^pC /Thi/^i. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 325 Mr. Craige is a member of Andrew Jackson Lodge No. 576, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. Claiborne McMillan Campbell,, Jr., is a prominent young educator of North Carolina, has been active in the teaching profession since leav- ing Trinity College, and is now superintendent of schools at Washington. He was born at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Jan- uary, 9, 1884, a son of Claiborne M. and Kate (Asheraft) Campbell. His father was a minis- ter of the Methodist Episcopal Church and con- sequent upon his itinerant vocation the son was educated in different communities, attending the public schools at Asheville and Gastonia in this state, also Charlotte, and for his higher instruc- tion was a student in Rutherford College and then in Trinity College at Durham, where he gradu- ated with the class of 1907. On leaving Trinity Mr. Campbell taught four years as instructor of history in the Durham High School. The following two years he spent as superintendent of schools of Jonesboro and in 1913 was called to his present responsibilities as superintendent of the Washington School Sys- tem. He is one of the best known members of the North Carolina Teachers Assembly and be- longs to the National Education Association. Mr. Campbell is a Mason, master of Orr Lodge No. 1 04, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and is also affiliated with the Royal Arch Chapter, the Knights Templar Commandery and the Mystic Shrine. On November 6, 1912, he married Miss Helen Allison, of Mocksville, North Carolina, daughter of Gustave A. and Henrietta (Morris) Allison. Her father is an agent of the Southern Railroad Company. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have one son, Claiborne M., Jr., born Jfcnuary 8, 1914. Colonel William R. Myers. A life that was as useful as it was long, and expressed in many beneficent services to the public welfare as well as for self and family, was that of Colonel William R. Myers of Charlotte. He was born in Anson County. North Carolina, December 17, 1813, and died at'Charlotte in 1896, aged eighty-two years, two months, six days. He was of distinguished ancestry on both sides. His mother was Mary Pickett. His father Absalom Myers was an influential citizen who several times represented his county in the Legislature. Colonel Myers studied law under Governor Gra- ham at Hillsboro, and came to Charlotte in 1843. In the same year he married Miss Sophia Springs, daughter of John Springs. Colonel Myers sur- vived his w-ife a number of years, and of their eight children seven survived their father: Mr. J. S. Myers, Mrs. H. C. Jones, W. R. Mvers, R. A. Myers, Mrs. C. L. Hunter, Mrs. W. P. Myers and Mr. Baxter S. Myers. Soon after locating at Charlotte William R. Myers was elected solicitor of the County Court, an office he held for a number of years. He was a fine lawyer, enjoyed a large practice, but in later years the claims of his private affairs grad- ually weaned him from his practice. In politics he was a democrat before the war, but was opposed to secession. When the war was prepared, he gave his steadfast loyalty to the Confederate cause. His services were especially notable and valuable when at the beginning of the war he assisted in the formation of the vigilance committees organized to suppress incendiary fires. He was thus the real leader and the fountainhead of law and order in the entire community. He also raised a company and as captain led it into the Confederate Army as Company G of the Thirty-fourth Regiment North Carolina Troops. From the close of the war for thirty years Mr. Myers was interested in every public movement in his home community, in the state and the nation. He was a steadfast republican in politics, accept- ing the principles of that party from conviction and did much to build up a strong minority party in the state and keep it true to its fundamental principles. He never sought political honor for himself, though he might have had such honors for the asking. Much of his time was given without remunera- tion to the general welfare of his city. He served as city commissioner and twice represented the county in the Legislature, but his best services were rendered through the constant manifestation of a public spirit which made him neglectful of nothing that concerned the real welfare and ad- vancement of Charlotte. Credit has always been given him for securing the passage of the stock law for Mecklenburg County. He early recognized the necessity for such a law and finally secured its passage. The results that followed that law and the building of good roads have always been looked upon as two of the most important meas- ures connected with the prosperity and progress of the county. Colonel Myers was exceedingly liberal and charitable, and his generosity was notably expressed in his active support and work for the organization of a college for the higher education of men, and another institution for the higher education of women. There should also be remembered his beneficent gift of a large and beautiful site for Biddle University for the educa- tion of colored men. Colonel Myers was an active member of the Episcopal Church, and served a3 secretary of the first vestry of St. Peter's Church at Charlotte. Outside of his professional and public life, his interests were in the realm of larger business affairs. For some years he served as president of the Atlantic, Tennessee & Ohio Railroad, and was its pres ; dent when the railroad property was sold to the Richmond & Danville Railroad Company. He was also one of the founders of the First National Bank at Charlotte, served as vice president and director, and was similarly identified in an influential way with other commer- cial enterprises. It was a well justified tribute to his personal character when some one wrote : ' ' The strength and charm of Colonel Myers' personality were felt by all with whom he came in contact. He was a gentleman of the old school, brave, gentle and true as his race — true as steel. He held his friends and they loved him." John Springs Myers. In the degree that an individual proves the broadness and sincerity of his character and his sense of the heavy re- sponsibility devolving upon him both relative to his private interests and those of the public, just in that measure does he deserve and achieve lasting success. Efficiency and preparedness for whatever life may brinff are desirable assets in the formation of character and the accumulation of the evidences of material prosperity. Without a "table, common-sense outlook on life no indi- vidual can expect to produce upon others that 326 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA profound effect so desirable in order to substan- tially establish permanent prosperity. This is a fact that some men never appreciate, while others recognize it from the start and their careers are full of large accomplishments and public-spirited achievemets that lend themselves to effecting the favorable light in which such men are regarded by the community. To the latter class belongs John Springs Myers, retired capitalist of Char- lotte, who in every sense of the word has achieved a permanent and lasting prosperity. Early in his career he became aware of the responsibilities which rested upon him and of the debt which he owed himself and his community, and in generous measure he has been rewarded by success for his achievements, not alone in a material way, but in the respect and gratitude of his community. Not the least feature of Mr. Myers ' accomplishments was the starting of the improvements upon his plantation which eventually led to what is now the beautiful Myers Park development, but many other labors have contributed to the rounding out of a career that has been as useful to the public as it has been successful personally. John Springs Myers was born November 1, 1847, at Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, and is a son of William R. and Sophia (Springs) Myers and a maternal grandson of John Springs, one of the leading business men of the South. John S. Myers had an early advantage of good parentage and excellent home training, and of being the son of a father who set him the example of worthy public-spirit in the accomplishment of many things that assisted Charlotte in its develop- ment. The common schools of the city furnished the youth with his early training, following which he clerked in the store of Brown, Tate & Com- pany for two years, and in the establishment of Brem, Brown & Company for one year. Returning to his studies, he went to the Bingham High School in Alamance County, North Carolina, and remained there for 2% years, the faculty at that time being composed of Col. William Bingham, Maj. Robert Bingham, Maj. William B. Lich and Capt. John J. Norwood. When he left school Mr. Myers chose cotton plant- ing and a mixed husbandry for his life occupation and commenced business on a five-horse unimproved farm, two miles southeast of Charlotte. Through enterprise and industry he increased his business to a forty-horse proposition. Urged by a con- suming desire for success, he availed himself of all the information to be obtained from any source of information in regard to agriculture, from Liebig 's Chemistry to The Southern Cultivator, a publication devoted to farming in the South, which was supported by articles from the pen of David Dixon of Georgia, the greatest farmer of his day, and many other able correspondents of that period. By a proper application of the information re- ceived in this manner, sufficient success followed to compensate fully for all effort expended. As a side line to his regular business Mr. Myers even as early as the '80s became imbued with the idea that Charlotte gave forth promise of be- coming a city of more than ordinary consequence, and therefore determined to be among the first to bring about such a result. Accordingly, even in those early days, he essayed to lay out lines, to run streets, and to set out trees and flowering shrubs such as he thought would add to the beauty of the naturally beautiful landscape, the city limits already having encroached largely upon his proposition. The plan worked agreeably and in accordance with Mr. Myers ' expectations, but work progressed slowly until George Stephens, a man of large vision and accurate conception, recog- nized what were the actual possibilities of a proper and scientific development of the Myers Park lo- cality. Mr. Stephens thereupon organized, with his friends, the Stephens Developing Company which is now engaged in bringing forth results which exceed the greatest expectations of the people of the community beholding the transition. The work is being done under the plans of Mr. Nolen, one of the most celebrated architects in the landscape line in the South, assisted by modern grading and developing methods and by engineer- ing work of the highest character. Many who have traveled extensively in this and other countries have given evidence of their pleasure and aston- ishment at the beauty and completeness of this work, which is adding to Charlotte a community that will contribute inestimable value to its pres- tige and its importance. For more than forty years Mr. Myers has been identified with movements which have served to add to the advancement of Charlotte as a city and to the comfort and prosperity of its people. In 1874, through his efforts, there was brought about the passage of the Stock Law, which provided for the elimination of the cattle, hogs and other stock running at large. This measure met with violent political opposition, but its successful adop- tion resulted in more beneficial results than any other change that had been made in a century. Its justice was quickly acknowledged, and in its working it soon brought about a more kindly neighborhood relation than had ever before ex- isted in the community. It likewise cleared the way, by the removal of old and ugly rail fences, for the straightening and improving of all public and private roads. In 1875 Mr. Myers bore a prominent part in another good movement, when the enterprising and intelligent portion of the com- munity realized the necessity of a financial expendi- ture for the improvement of public roads. This measure was also strenuously opposed by one of the political parties, and was only a partial suc- cess for some years ; but through the united efforts of the wisest men in both of the leading political organizations was adopted finally as a necessary and desirable part of a well-founded county gov- ernment. The restoration of agricultural fairs, in 1877 and 1878, a measure for the encouragement of better and enlarged farming operations and an in- crease in manufacturing enterprises, was success- fully led and accomplished by Mr. Myers. Mr. Myers is and always has been a conservative democrat, and in 1882 the people of Mecklen- burg County considered him worthy to represent the community for two years in the House of Representatives of North Carolina, and their con- fidence in his fidelity and ability was not mis- placed. In 1896 and 1898 he served, under the Springs administration, as a. member of the Board of Aldermen of the City of Charlotte, and while acting in that capacity was chairman of the finance committee. In 1913 he promoted ami accomplished the drainage of the principal streams of Mecklen- lurg County. The means of having this work done, for the better health, comfort and advancement of the community was Mr. Myers' donation of $.5,000 in cash to the fund, he being the only individual to so contribute. While he is now practically re- tired from active affairs, Mr. Myers is still a workimr member of the board of directors of the First National Bank, a position which he has held HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 327 since 1901, also an active member of the Cham- ber of Commerce of the City of Charlotte, and an active member of the township trustees, an organ- ization that handles the roads of the county. Since 1870 he has been almost continuously a faithful member of the vestry of Saint Peter 's Parish, of the Protestant Episcopal Church of North Carolina. Careful, conservative and pos- sessed of far-seeing judgment, Mr. Myers has won enviable distinction among the men of his time and locality. Honorable and upright in his deal- ings, he has lived the right life and is a worthy example of those whose admirable efforts build up and make secure the business of city, state and nation. Mr. Myers was married December 22, 1870, to Miss Mary Rawlinson, daughter of Col. J. W. and Jane (Moore) Rawlinson, of York, South Carolina. Colonel Rawlinson was prominent in the public af- fairs of South Carolina, and was aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Pickens, war governor of that state. On her mother 's side Mrs. Myers is descended from Governor James Moore, colonial governor of South Carolina; from Col. William Erwin who was a colonel of the Continental line in the Revolutionary war, and from Capt. Richard Springs and Capt. Alexander Moore, Revolution- ary patriots. Her maternal grandfather was Dr. William Moore, a physician of York County, South Carolina. Mrs. Myers is a prominent member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. Myers have five children : Rawlinson, Mrs. George Stephens, Richard A. Myers, Wood- ard Myers and Mrs. Harold Cothrane Dwelle. William Berry McKoy. There is perhaps not a prominent lawyer in North Carolina who has more studiously avoided the responsibilities and complexities of polities and office holding than William Berry McKoy, of Wilmington. Though comparatively little known in public life, William Berry McKoy has long held a secure place of prestige among the foremost lawyers of the state. His birthplace was at Wilmington, and since December 24, 1852, the date of his birth, he has almost continuously lived in that city. His parents were William Henry and Franeonia (Berry) Mc- Koy, his father long a merchant of Wilmington. He was liberally educated, first in private schools and afterwards in Cape Fear Academy, conclud- ing with the regular course of Princeton Univer- sity, where he was graduated in 1876. Mr. McKoy studied law under George V. Strong, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1879. Since then, a period covering almost forty years, he has been employed in the large general practice which has rewarded his skillful efforts and thorough learning as a lawyer, and the real record of his life 's service is written in the great volume of litigation that has passed through his hands in the past thirty- five years. Among other interests he is attorney for and a director in the Mechanics Homes Asso- ciation of Wilmington. When a young man he made the first complete set of abstracts of titles of New Hanover County. Though never an office seeker, Mr. McKoy has for twenty years been a figure in the democratic party and has served for years as a member and chairman of the democratic executive committee. He is a past grand master of North Carolina Masons, has attained the thirty-second degree of Scottish Rite and also belongs to the Mystic Shrine. On December 14, 1886, he married Miss Catherine Bacon, daughter of Henry Bacon, who was a civil engineer long in the service of the United States Government. To their marriage have been born five children: Elizabeth F.; William Ancrum, who is a civil engineer now in the I. C. C. service for the government; Henry Bacon, late employed as a construction engineer on the Lincoln Memo- rial at Washington, D. C. ; and now in France in the engineers corps; Francis Kelton was a student in the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh and in 1916 enlisted in the Third Regiment of the District of Columbia National Guard and at present is lieutenant in the aviation corps in France ; and James Hasell, still pur- suing his studies. John* Quincy Myers, M. D. It is possibly true that, as the old belief had it, each individual is born with at least one natural gift. However, not everyone seeks to discover it, or finding this talent, has the opportunity to nurture or develop it. But it is proved by both history and biography that many of the most brilliant men of the country have felt this natural bent from youth, and, with enthusiasm, controlled only by circumstances, have sought advancement along the line of their special gift. Not so many, perhaps, have reached their cherished goal in their most receptive years, some indeed not until the evening of life, but there are those who at the open door of manhood find also the door open to their chosen field of effort. In this connection respectful attention is called to Dr. John Quincy Myers, of Charlotte, founder and proprietor of Tranquil Park Sanitarium, who, still in the prime of life, has accomplished a work that w-ould take many men an entire career to achieve. Dr. John Quincy Myers was born at New Life, Wilkes County, North Carolina, in 1877, and is a son of Turrelius C. and Julia (Brown) Myers, natives of the same county, who were both born and reared in the New Life community, which is seventeen miles from Wilkesboro, the county seat. Turrelius C. Myers, who has been engaged in mer- chandising and farming at New Life, postmaster of the village and a sturdy, dependable citizen, is a son of the late John Newton Myers, who was a county magistrate of Wilkes County during the Civil war. The father of Mrs. Julia (Brown) Myers, John Milton Brown, also occupied the same position in Wilkes County, where both families have been well and favorably known for many years. John Quincy Myers attended the local schools and took his academic work at Fairview Academy, ten miles from his home. He then entered Davidson College in Mecklenburg County, where he took both the academic work and the courses in the medical department at Davidson, which was then known as the North Carolina Medical Col- lege. He made a splendid record as a student at Davidson, graduating with honors in both depart- ments, being elected president of his class and receiving many other rewards at the hands of his fellow students and the teachers. These came to him through no particular favors, but were the result of hard work and serious application. He taught in the public schools of North Caro- lina for four years and also clerked in a village store thus working out his education. He left Davidson College in 1904 and went to New York, where he took post-graduate work in the New York Polyclinic working under the University of New York anil Bellevue Faculty and received a certificate therefrom in 1906. Subsequently he took 328 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA further post-graduate woik at Philadelphia, at Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, at Chi- cago, and at the Mayo Clinics at Rochester, Minne- sota. It will thus be seen that Doctor Myers had a most thorough and extensive preparation for his life work. Doctor Myers began practicing at Wilkesboro, the county seat of his native county, in 1904, and soon built up a successful and lucrative practice. Later he became associated with the late Dr. George Doughtor, at whose death he succeeded to his practice, but in 1909 left Wilkesboro and came to Charlotte, where he has continued in practice, specializing in internal medicine. Shortly after coming to Charlotte Doctor Myers com- menced working upon what has since become an important enterprise in the medical profession and which has the greatest promise for eminent suc- cess. This is the Tranquil Park Sanitarium, which, after the expenditure of two years of constant energy and $65,000 in money, was thrown open in August, 1916. In defining the aims of this in- stitution and its purposes, Doctor Myers has said : ' ' The purpose of the institution is to diagnose and treat all non-contagious, non-surgical cases; no specialty will be made of any cases of drug addictions. The sanitarium is strictly a medical institution, as distinguished from a surgical, and all medical cases are admitted for diagnosing and treatment except contagious cases. Ample oppor- tunities are available in most cities for the proper treatment of surgical cases, and Charlotte is espe- cially fortunate in the number and equipment of its general as well as surgical hospitals. The found- ers of Tranquil Park Sanitarium believe that there exists in this part of the country an opportunity to serve the profession of medicine by establishing an institution that will bear to the practice of medi- cine the same relation the many excellent surgical hospitals throughout the country bear to surgery. Tranquil Park Sanitarium is established for the special diagnosis and treatment of all medical pa- tients. It will use hospital methods for acute cases and sanitarium facilities for chronic patients. It does not treat alcoholic or insane cases. Owning, as we do in connection with the sanita- rium, fifty acres of land in the suburbs of the city, in close proximity to the beautiful Myers Park development, our facilities for the treatment of chronic invalidism and nervous cases are exception- ally good. The surroundings are homelike in char- acter; the buildings were so designed as to obtain a maximum of fresh air and sunshine ; ample bal- conies and lounging rooms have been provided; the bedrooms are well heated and ventilated, with run- ning water in every room ; a number of rooms are provided with private baths. ' ' The buildings and grounds of this institution are owned by the Tranquil Park Land Company. The administration and main building contains between thirty -five and forty rooms, the building being three stories in height. The basement floor con- tains space for the hydrotherapeutic and electric baths, rest rooms, etc., while the first floor con- tains a general dining room, kitchen and the ad- ministrative offices, and a number of rooms for patients. The third floor is given over to patients ' rooms. The foundation and lower part of the building are of pink and gray granite, which was quarried near the site of the new hospital build- ing, while the upper portions of the walls are of pressed brick. The interior of the main floors is finished with a special ceiling of asbestos com- pound, and the whole is finished in most attractive style, combining beauty, convenience and sanitary values. A feature of the new plant is the extensive grounds, comprising fifty acres of the most beauti- ful country beyond Myers Park. On this area have been planted many varieties of trees and shrubs, and tennis courts and golf links have been completed for the amusement of convalescent pa- tients as well as those going to the institution for rest and the building up of health. There are numerous walks and sequestered nooks which have been provided by the plans of the architects, and the whole tract has been carefully and scientifically treated for the purpose of accomplishing the best possible results. The plant is provided with city water, light, including gas and electricity, and all other convenience, and is reached by a private road, an extension of Queens Road, running past Queens College. Doctor Myers has also erected a hand- some ten-room residence, located within 100 feet of the main hospital building, where he resides with his family. Doctor Myers ' talents and his attractive person- ality have won him a place of high standing at Charlotte, and particularly with the medical pro- fession of the city and the state. He has served as vice president of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, as well as chairman of several sections of that body. He was elected to and holds at this time the position of member of the State Examining Board of North Carolina, being the youngest man ever elected to the board, and is also ex-president of the Mecklenburg County Medical Library Society, a high honor to be held by one who was comparatively a newcomer in the county. At the recently organized North Carolina Hospital Association he was elected its first secretary and treasurer. He was commissioned by the governor as a delegate to the Twentieth Annual Convention of The American Hospital Association held in At- lantic City, New Jersey, September 24, 1918, at the Royal Palace Hotel. He is an honorary member of The Accademia Fisieo-Chimica Italiana, Pal- ermo, Italy. Doctor Myers was married in 1906, at Rocking- ham, Richmond County, North Carolina, to Miss Elizabeth Crosland, who was born in that county. They have three children, namely : John Quiney, Jr., William Turrelius and Elizabeth. Adolphus Buchanan Hunter has had a long and active career in business affairs in Apex, and is widely known both there and in the City of Raleigh as a banker and as a prominent leader in church affairs. He was born in Wake County, North Carolina, December 3, 1855, a son of Joseph C. and Pianetta (Beckwith) Hunter. His father was a farmer, a surveyor, and at one time operated a sawmill. The son received unusually thorough advantages as a boy, not only in private schools but also in Wake Forest College. He began his business career as a general merchant at Apex. He served as mayor of that town one term, and in 1903 represented his home district in the State Legisla- ture. Mr. Hunter is now president of the Merchants and Farmers Bank at Apex and is a director of the Commercial National Bank of Raleigh. He is a prominent member of the Missionary Baptist Church, is moderator of the Raleigh Association, and was chairman of the building committee which erected the magnificent church in Apex at a cost of $20,000. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 329 On December 10, 188.3, Mr. Hunter married Miss Alice Carter, of Harnett County. Mr. Hunter is an active democrat in politics. Dred Peacock, of High Point, is a North Car- olina citizen distinguished by an unusual range of ability as well as by the purity of character and intellectual interests which his friends and associates so much admire. Mr. Peacock was at one time one of the foremost educators of the Sonth. From educational work he turned to busi- ness, achieved success there, and now combines large business interests with the profession of the law. One of the greatest jurists the world has ever known did not take up the law until past middle age, and Dred Peacock was forty-eight years old when he was admitted to the North Carolina bar in August, 1912. Mr. Peacock was born at Stantonburg, Wilson County, North Carolina, April 12, 1864, sixth in a family of seven children born to Dr. C. C. and Ava (Heath) Peacock. His father had a farm and his childhood was spent partly there and partly in the Town of Wilson. Undoubtedly the life of the open fields and the forests exerted a tangible influence upon his impressionable youth. While in later years a splendid specimen of vig- orous manhood, Mr. Peacock had precarious health as a child, but under the wise care of his father he developed both the stronger qualities of the mind and of character. In his early childhood also the blight of war and reconstruction was upon southern society. The point has been well made that in the then prevailing gloom it was almost inevitable that younger people growing up in such an atmosphere should have imbibed something of a spirit of pessimism. It was the rare good for- tune of Dred Peacock that he escaped the per- manent influence of this despondency. His father was not only an excellent physician but a man of literary tastes, and the son early acquired a habit of reading and had the books to satisfy the splendid natural taste. In his home Town of Wilson he also had the opportunities of better schools than were found in many sections of North Carolina. In the fall of 1883 he entered the freshman class of Trinity College, where he was graduated in June, 1887. He went to college with a good preparation, correct habits of study, sound ideals and a stable character. He was so- cially popular in college and also took an unusually large proportion of college honors without set- ting for himself the task of getting them. On the day of his graduation, June 9, 1887, he married Miss Ella Carr, daughter of Prof. 0. W. Carr. once a member of the college faculty. This marriase united two people in bonds of do- mestic affection and of similar intellectual tastes. Of Mr. Peacock 's career as an educator it is ap- propriate that some liberal quotations should be made from a sketch written some years ago by Bishop John C. Kilgo, who as biographer had the advantage of a close and sympathetic knowledge of not only his personal subject but of the work performed and the conditions surrounding it. ' ' ' ' For a year after his graduation Dr. Peacock was principal of the Lexington Female Seminary. The success which attended him there was so marked that in the fall of 1888 he was called to the chair of Latin in the Greensboro Female Col- lege. For six years he held this position, and upon the death of the president, Dr. F. L. Reid, he was chosen head of the college. His progress had been exceptionally rapid, having attained at the age of thirty years the presidency of one of the oldest and most influential colleges for women in the southern states. "It was natural that he should have become an educator. There were no financial straits that forced him into the schoolroom, nor was he mak- ing it a stepping stone to another profession, nor, least of all, was he influenced by a lack of ability to succeed in business. He loved knowledge, and all of his nobler sympathies were with the school as a center of learning. He had the genius of the educator and was signally fitted for the work. Because of his merits his alma mater conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Lit- erature, also giving him membership upon its board of trustees. ' ' Honesty was the ruling aim of his policy as the president of the Greensboro Female College. Education, and especially the education of young - women, has been too greatly hindered by undue claims and outward pretenses. Very large academic distinctions have been granted upon exceedingly small academic acquirements. As president of this old college Dr. Peacock declined to confer any of the usual academic degrees, simply grant- ing to his graduates diplomas of graduation. Yet it is very doubtful whether any southern college for women as jealously watched after the sound training of its students. "For eight years Dr. Peacock was the presi- dent of the Greensboro Female College, and throughout the entire time it was embarrassed by a debt which required all the skill and good man- agement possible on the part of its president and directors to keep it open and continue its useful mission to the church and state; and in 1902 he was forced on account of his failing health to resign his position and abandon his cherished hopes as an educator — a work for which he had shown such exceptional qualifications. ' ' But there is another side to the work which he did for education in North Carolina that de- serves public gratitude. For fourteen years he gave his vacations to building among the people a better educational sentiment. There are very few, if any, counties in the state in which his voice, invested with a charm and potency for educational advancement, did not ring out clear- ly on the subject of the diffusion of education among the masses of the people. ' ' Bishop Kilgo also called attention to the li- brary which was accumulated under Doctor Pea- cock's supervision. In memory of their deceased baby daughter he and his wife gave $1,000 as a nucleus for such a collection of books, and at the end of seven years over 7,000 volumes had been acquired at a cost of $15,000. This library was accessible to the students of the Female College at Greensboro, and when that institution was practically bankrupt Doctor Peacock made the library a gift to Trinity as the Ethel Carr Pea- cock Memorial Collection. It is a splendid library, and one of the best reference collections of books in the South. Another brief quotation should be made in Bishop Kilgo 's words: "There is a traditional notion that one who teaches well is not adapted to practical matters. Much is heard of the aca- demic world as distinguished from the world that is doing things. Dr. Peacock, however, inherited business talent as well as intellect; and when he turned with regret from the school he walked into the world of business and asserted himself with a calm mastery. In a few weeks he began a very successful business and assumed a high place among the active business men of the state, and 330 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA year by year he entered new fields of industry, developing in each the power of a master and adding to his reputation as a man of capacity and enterprise. ' ' Since 1904 Mr. Peacock's home has been at High Point. Por ten years he was in active busi- ness. He became vice president of the Globe Home Furniture Company and treasurer of the High Point Art Glass Company. He was one of the charter stockholders in the High Point Savings and Trust Company, of which he is now a director, and was one of the organizers and was a director of the Commercial National Bank of High Point. He was formerly a director in the Southern Car Company and a director in the Home Savings Bank of Greensboro. He is also secre- tary and a director of the McLelland stores, a large ' New York mercantile concern operating ten cent stores throughout the East and South. Mr. Pea- cock was instrumental in having' this firm incor- porated under the laws of North Carolina with offices in High Point. Along with these business affairs Mr. Pea- cock handles a very large law practice. Though he did not begin practice until August, 1912, his reputation as a lawyer is now assured all over the state. He has appeared with success before the highest courts and has brought into his prac- tice the same splendid integrity of character and high ideals which characterized his former work as a teacher and also in the business field. Por several years Mr. Peacock served as a mem- ber of the High Point City Council. Prom June, 1914, to June, 1915, he was judge of the re- corder 's court. Por many years he has been a member of the Wesley Memorial Methodist Church in High Point. He has one of the largest Sun- day school classes in the South, consisting of over 100 members, to which he has lectured every Sunday morning since 1909. Mr. Peacock and family reside in a beautiful home on North Main Street in High Point. Their two living children are John Peacock and Miss Odell Peacock. Charles L. Amos. One of the men who have had much to do with the increasing fortunes of High Point as a great center of the furniture industry of the South is Charles L. Amos, whose name is now associated with half a dozen of the larger financial interests of that section of the state. Mr. Amos was born on a farm near Eeidville in Rockingham County, son of Thomas Amos, a native of the same locality, and grandson of Jesse Amos, who was born in Virginia. The grandfather on coming to North Carolina settled in Rockingham County and was a farmer there until his death. Thomas Amos grew up on a farm, and on reaching manhood bought a place of his own in the suburbs of Reidsville and is still living there. He married Mary Elizabeth Ray, who was born in Rockingham County, daughter of Robert and Priscilla (Thomas) Ray. They reared eight children, named Ella, James, Lillie, Mattie, Robert, Will, Jasper (now deceased) and Charles L. Charles L. Amos had his youth in the rural environment of the old homestead farm. His edu- cfltion was acquired chiefly in the Reidville pub- lic schools. A short time after completing his work in school he came to High Point and went to work as clerk in the furniture house owned by his brother Robert and Mr. T. A. Kearns. Six months later he acquired Mr. Kearns' interest and he and lus brother Robert have since been active partners and have brought their industry to rank among the important enterprises of the city. It is now incorporated as the Amos Furni- ture Company, with Mr. Amos, president. Rob- ert Amos is secretary and treasurer of the Amos Hosiery Company, and gives all his time to that business, While Charles L. is the responsible ex- ecutive in the furniture house. He is also in- terested in other enterprises, being vice president of the Amos Hosiery Company, a stockholder in the Bank of Commerce and the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company, in the Highland Cotton Mills, and is a stockholder and director in the Piedmont Building & Loan Association, and is interested in another building and loan associa- tion. January 1, 1913, he married Miss Mabel A. Kenner, who was born in Northumberland Coun- ty, Virginia, daughter of James and Marian Ken- ner. Mr. and Mrs. Amos have one son, Charles L., Jr. Both are members of the Wesley Memorial Church. Mr. Amos is affiliated with High Point Lodge No. 255, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; with Numa P. Reid Lodge No. 344, Free and Accepted Masons, and High Point Chapter No. 70, Royal Arch Masons. William J. Sherrod. The Greensboro bar has one of its hardest working members in the per- son of William J. Sherrod, who has brought to the profession talent of a high order and thor- ough training, and his increasing experience has brought him rapidly a large and profitable clien- tage and a high standing in legal circles. Mr. Sherrod has an ancestry that deserves some special reference at this point. The original Eng- lish branch of the family lived at one time in the locality known as Sherwood Forest, an historic and romantic section of England. The name was originally spelled Sherwood, but this particular branch undoubtedly came to spell the name the way it was pronounced. When the Sherrods came to America in colonial times they first settled in Pennsylvania and from there came into the wilds of North Carolina. William J. Sherrod 's grand- father, John Sherrod, was born in 1800 in Martin County, North Carolina. He was a man of large property and high standing in the community, owning a plantation of upwards of 1,200 acres and having a great retinue of slaves to perform the work of the fields and the household. When the war came on it is said that upwards of 300 negroes belonging to the Sherrod family were given their freedom. John Sherrod married Eliza- beth Bowers, who was born in Martin County in 1804. John Sherrod died while the war was still in progress and his wife about three years later. They had fourteen children, six of whom grew to maturity: Sally, who married a Mr. Purvis; John Watson, who served throughout the war as surgeon in a Confederate hospital at Richmond; Mary Ann, who died unmarried; Nancy J., who married a Mr. Best; William L. ; and Bettie, who married Blunt J. Bryan, a farmer of Edgecombe County. Something more than this casual men- tion is due the memory of Bettie Bryan. She was left a widow with six young children, the oldest only twelve years old. She resolutely undertook the task of providing for the family and super- intending the farm, and she earned the gratitude of her children and of all who knew her by her success in this heavy task, having reared and edu- cated the children and keeping them all together until they were grown and had homes of their own. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 331 William Llewellyn Sherrod, father of William J., was born on a plantation near Hamilton in Martin County, North Carolina, in November, 1832. He attended the schools at home and also a fine preparatory school at Hamilton conducted by Prof. J. M. Horner, one of North Carolina 's famous educators. Later he attended an academy in Alamance County. He did not choose to adopt a profession, and after completing his academic course he returned to the farm. During the war he was detailed to raise supplies for the Confed- erate Government. By purchase of the interests of the other heirs he succeeded to the ownership of the old homestead, and showed such exceptional ability in the management of this property that he accumulated a fortune. He continued to live on the farm until 1912, when he removed to En- field, where he is now living at the advanced age of eighty-six. He married at the age of forty-five Carrie Catherine Newberry. She was born on a plantation near Plymouth in Albemarle County, North Carolina, daughter of Jeremiah Phelps and Sarah Ann (Lanier) Newberry. William L. Sher- rod and wife had six children : Annie, who died at the age of three years; William J.; Rusha Lu- cile, who married Dr. M. A. Fleming; Mary Belle, wife of Herbert I. Salsbury; Watson Newberry; and Mrs. Raymond Woods. William J. Sherrod was born at the home of his maternal grandparents in Washington County, North Carolina. As a boy he had the advantages of both the public and private schools. He pre- pared for college at Horner's Military Institute at Oxford, and from there entered the University of North Carolina, pursuing special work in the academic department and also studying law. After two years at the university he was licensed to practice and at once came to Greensboro, where he has found his opportunities and his work in the profession. He is active in local civic and social affairs, is a member of the Merchants and Manufacturers Club, the Country Club, is affiliated with Greensboro Lodge No. 76, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Greensboro Council No. 3, Royal and Select Masters; Greensboro Chapter No. 13, Royal Arch Masons; Ivanhoe Commandery No. 8, Knights Templar; and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. He is one of the leading members of St. Andrews Episcopal Church, is a vestryman and for two years was superintendent of the Sunday school. Mrs. Sher- rod is a Presbyterian. In September, 1907, he married Elizabeth Ser- geant, who was born in Greensboro, daughter of George and Lulu (MeCulloch) Sergeant. They have two sons, William J., Jr., and George Ser- geant Sherrod. Hon. Edwin Ferebee Atdlett is one of the great lawyers of the North Carolina bar. Those associated most closely with him during the last thirty years have been constantly impressed by his profound legal wisdom, purity of public and private life, and that quiet dignity which makes him an ideal follower of his calling. It has been given to few men to endear themselves to so great an extent to their professional asso- ciates and those with whom they come in contact in the discharge of public duties. He is now president of the North Carolina Bar Association, elected at its last annual meeting at Wrights- ville, North Carolina. This is the highest honor in the gift of the association. Mr. Aydlett is in fact one of the fortunate men of North Carolina. He was fortunate in having a good parentage, a good endowment of intellect and feeling, a liberal education, and in attaching himself to one of the greatest of learned profes- sions. While he has borne a large share of the labors of professional life, accomplishing not less for the public welfare than for his own advan- tage, he has been distinguished for his singular purity of character and moral purpose, and from all the exactions of a busy career has preserved his love of letters, his pursuit of invigorating pas- times, and his indulgence in the amenities of a refined and gentle home life. An interesting review of his career is found in an article written several years ago by the late Col. R. B. Creecy. Edwin Ferebee Aydlett was born in Camden County, North Carolina, May 14, 1857. His par- ents were Abner and Clotilda Aydlett. His father was long prominent in the official affairs of Cam- den County, having been sheriff and chairman of the board of county commissioners. He was a merchant and a farmer and was successful in both pursuits. His parents were both members of the Baptist Church and they trained him from boyhood in the paths of holiness, and when he attained manhood he departed not therefrom. Since his active and successful live he has never forgotten his sacred duties but has always given to all church organizations, activities and charities a liberal support. To the church in this town he has been the central pillar both in godly counsel and in material advancement. In the general association of the church he has been an active and influential member and for several years was the efficient and judicious moderator of the Chowan Baptist Association. In childhood and boyhood he was healthy, ro- bust and active. Born and reared in the country and in touch with nature, his environments were such as develop manhood, intellectuality, ob- servation and self reliance, qualities which belong to the simple farm life. While surrounded by the influence of that farm life, which is said to be the peculiar nursery of great men, he did not spend his time in idleness or frivolous pursuits. Born to competence, he was not under the compulsion of necessity to toil for his daily bread, but he was trained by a thoughtful mother and father to regard work as a blessing and a duty, and to their good counsel he attributed his fondness and capacity for labor, both physical and mental. While he was a boy he was employed in the various labors of the farm, sometimes following the plow, sometimes the hoe, and sometimes attend- ing to the cotton gin. His early education was acquired in the country school, taught irregularly, but his crumbs of learn- ing were carefully gathered and nothing was lost. His preparatory education having been finished, he sought the higher schools of learning. As a boy he was fond of books and study and by his own efforts added to his store of learning. He aspired to the higher learning of the colleges. To say that he attained it without difficulty would not be entirely accurate. He came of that more fortunate middle class who have had neither wealth nor penury and who have had to encounter neither the necessities of the one nor the responsi- bilities, cares and temptations of the other. He had to obtain his college education through care- fulness, economy and personal sacrifice. He entered Wake Forest College at an early age and graduated with distinguished honor in his class, delivering the salutatory oration, the next highest distinction in scholarship. He chose the legal profession. His father was 332 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA an officer of the court, aud young Aydlett was much in the courthouse, and the high ideal of that grandest of human pursuits came under his ob- servation, firing his imagination. Law schools were then expensive and inaccessible, but the mem- bers of the profession were kind and helpful in explaining intricate points. Trusting to his own self reliance and determined resolution and know- ing that an intelligent reader knows when he fully comprehends what he reads, he took up his legal tasks alone and unaided. Through the kindness of a leading member of the bar in Elizabeth City he had the use of the text books that he required. Industry and a resolute purpose conquered all other difficulties. In January, 1881, he was admitted to the bar by the license of the Supreme Court and returned to Camden County to begin his practice. While reading there as an attorney at law he was made county superintendent of education. Desiring a larger field of practice and a closer association with the leading members of the profession, he moved to Elizabeth City in November, 1881, and there formed a partnership with Mr. C. W. Grandy. In Elizabeth City he made friends and attracted attention by his industry, his fidelity to his clients, and his careful examination of all questions of law involved in a case. This soon found appreciation and he was appointed official attorney of Elizabeth City and an alderman. He was also made presi- dent of the Elizabeth City Improvement Company, an organization that has been of great benefit to the town and has extended its corporate limits. He also served as director in the cotton mills, knitting mills, the Savings Bank as vice president, and as attorney for the Suffolk and Carolina Rail- way Company. Some of the qualities that have distinguished him as a lawyer are reflected in the following quotations: "Richly endowed by nature with genius and talent, highly educated, fully equipped, confident of his own strength and abilities, with the tread of a giant he entered upon the battles of life, determined by honest methods to win fame, fortune and success. He is a striking ex- ample of what an honest lawyer may accomplish. Recognizing that the law is a jealous mistress, he devoted himself to its practice with diligence and assiduity, not lured from its path by the false and flickering light of political strife. "He was leading counsel in the celebrated Wil- cox murder case which was tried a few years ago. Public sentiment and indignation were so strong against his client that it was impossible to acquit him and he was convicted of murder, but owing to the riotous proceedings in the courthouse during the delivery of Mr. Aydlett 's speech, the Supreme Court granted a new trial and at the second trial he was convicted of murder in the second degree. ' ' A democrat of stronc convictions, while never seeking office for himself, Mr. Aydlett has given gratuitous service in its campaign contests and has been tendered a candidacy to manv of his partv's choicest places, judicial and political. "Tn his personalitv." said Colonel Creecy, "Mr. Aydlett is of medium stature, of pleasant ex- pression, denoting the happy combination of firm- ness and benevolence. He is affable, genial and comnanionable. kind and helpful to the younger members of the profession. To his seniors he is courteous and respectful, to the court, alwavs def- erential, but to his equals wh ; le always observing the canons of professional courtesy, is tenacious of the rights of his clients, strikes out from the shoulder, asks no quarter and gives none. He has the ruddy glow of health and though not of robust mold in his physical constitution, is alert, active, energetic and healthy. ' ' As an upbuilder of the town Mr. Aydlett 's public service is invaluable. He has accumulated wealth by his own wonderful business capacity, and by his professional skill, and has expended it with a liberal hand in the improvement of the town. His investments have been large and have shown by their success wisdom and wise forecast. His love for his old home has always been a marked feature of his character. He has refused liberal offers to cast his lot in other places, always saying that Elizabeth City was the best place for him. "But the chief claim to our gratitude and esteem is the lesson of his life and character. It is an object lesson to every young man who grows up among us who wants to be something in the community, a lesson of industry, self reliance, manhood, virtue, good habits, sobriety, integrity and love of home and home people. ' ' A number of years ago Mr. Aydlett erected a building at the Thomasville Orphanage which would accommodate thirty-three children. The Chowan Association erected a similar building. Later Mr. Aydlett proposed to the association that he would support and maintain the thirty-three children in his building if the association would do the same for the thirty-three children in its building. While this generous offer was not accepted, it stands as a conspicuous example that has come to the knowledge of the public of his manifold benevolences. He is now and from his earliest years has been an earnest working mem- ber of the Baptist Church and has stood firm in the faith in which he was reared. Success has come to him in liberal measure, but wealth has never been an end and aim, and much that has come to him has been wisely distributed and al- lotted among numerous worthy causes. Any man might be envied who while his powers and vigor of life are still unabated can justly and worthily be made the object of such a com- mentary as is found in an issue of the Wake Forest College' Howler of 1913, an issue that was dedi- cated to Mr. Aydlett. The words of the dedica- tion read as follows: "Devoted son of Wake Forest College, salutatorian of the class of 1879, superintendent of education of Camden county, 1881, brilliant attorney, true friend to the poor, benefactor to orphans, unselfish servant of his fellow men: counting political advancement as naught beside his chosen profession ; earnest worker in the cause of truth, justice and patriot- ism, and a faithful steward of the Kingdom of God, this eleventh issue of the Howler is respect- fullv dedicated. ' ' On December 19, 1883, at Raleigh, Mr. Aydlett married Miss Ettie Hunter Briggs. Her father, Thomas H. Briggs, was a prominent business man and citizen of Raleigh. Mr. and Mrs. Aydlett became the parents of five children: Ettie Briggs, who married W. T. Minor December 5, 1911 ; Evelyn Lamb, who married P. G. Sawyer June 1(1. 1914: Edwin F. Aydlett, who died in'infancy; Edwin F. Avdlctt. Jr.. who married Effie Poag April !.">, 1914: and Helen Bvrd, who married Dr. R. L. Kendrick June 20, 1918. Thomas H. Battle. One of the foremost men of Rocky Mount, one who has been identified with and largely instrumental in founding and for- warding the leading enterprises of this city, is HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 333 Thomas H. Battle, who is president of the Rooky Mount Savings & Trust Company and is at the head of numerous other concerns and corporations of similar importance. He also has many other claims to distinction. Mr. Battle was born at Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1860. His father, Dr. Kemp P. Battle, was formerly president of the University of' North Carolina and a member sub- sequently of its faculty. Thomas H. Battle attended school in the capital city and after completing the high school course entered the university and was graduated in law in 1882 and was licensed in the same year. In December, 1882, he opened a law office at Tarboro and two weeks later was elected solicitor of the Inferior Court. Mr. Battle remained at Tarboro for eighteen months and then came to the village of Rocky Mount, seeking a wider field for his talents, although circumstances so changed his activities that he really practiced his profession but a short time here, evincing, however, a con- ception of law that has been valuable to him per- sonally and immensely valuable to the best interests of this city, with which his life has since been so closely identified. One of the early and important industries of Rocky Mount were the cotton mills, and when Mr. Ruffin, the treasurer of the Rockv Mount Mills, retired in 1898 Mr. Battle, who had been president of the company for years, became treas- urer with Mr. R. H. Ricks as president. They have continued in these offices to the present time. Since that time Mr. Battle 's influence and busi- ness connections have grown wider and wider. In addition to the cotton mills under his direct man- agement, he is president of the Rocky Mount Savings & Trust Company, the Rocky Mount Homestead & Loan Association, and the Rocky Mount Insurance and Realty Company, and is president of the Bank of Rocky Mount. The Bank of Rocky Mount was organized in 1889, the prime movers being Thomas H. Battle, S. E. Westray and L. F. Tillery, Mr. Westray being the first president, Mr. Battle vice president and Mr. Tillery cashier. At that time Rocky Mount was a village and the launching of so im- portant an enterprise as the founding of a bank aroused local interest and pride and the bank, well managed by Mr. Battle, prospered from the start. Five years after its organization Mr. Battle succeeded Mr. Westray as president. The capital of the bank at the beginning was $25,000 and from time to time it has been increased as its needs and the needs of the town for financial accommodation have grown until it is now The National Bank of Rocky Mount with a capital of $100,000 and undivided profits and surplus of $110,000. This bank has to its credit the fact that it has never hesitated to back up with the necessary funds every well considered movement for the up- building of the community, and one case in point was the establishing of the Rocky Mount Tobacco Market, the first in Eastern North Carolina and by many considered a wild venture. The officers of this bank have always been men of sound, practical business sense and after thoroughly investigating conditions they were persuaded that the culture and production of tobacco in this sec- tion was certain to hecome a great industry if properly managed. Hence the Bank of Rocky Mount furnished the finances that established the market which has now grown to be one of the largest employers of labor and producers of wealth in the city. It is but justice to Mr. Battle and the Bank of Rocky Mount to assert that this pros- perity has been the direct result of good judgment and business foresight on their part. Another instance of Mr. Battle 's public spirit which assisted greatly Rocky Mount's development and illustrates still another side of his noble char- acter was in connection with the Rocky Mount graded schools. At one time he gave the sum of $800 outright and assumed responsibilities that insured the completion of the school buildings of first class construction and ever since has main- tained his interest in educational advancement here and for many years served as chairman of the graded school board. Politics as a business could never interest such a sound, wholesome man as Thomas H. Battle, but by 1886 he had grown too important to Rocky Mount to find himself able to decline election to the mayoralty and for ten consecutive years he served in that office, giving the people an admir- able administration and bringing about the mea- sures which have made it one of the pleasantest, most prosperous and sanitary little cities in Eastern North Carolina. On retiring as mayor he accepted a place on the board of town alder- men and ever since his influence has been used to further progress and reform. Mr. Battle was married in 18S7 to Miss Bettie Davis, of Wilson, North Carolina, who died after the birth of one son, Kemp Davis Battle. He was born October 9, 1888, and was reared at Rocky Mount and attended the high schools of Rocky Mount and Warrenton, later the University of North Carolina and subsequently the University of Denver, Colorado, in August, 1910, being ad- mitted to the North Carolina bar, after which he went to Colorado and was there admitted to the bar and practiced law for one year in Denver. In 1913 he returned to Rocky Mount, where he is now in the enjoyment of a substantial practice. In 1895 Mr. Battle was married to Miss Sallie Hyman, and they have three children: Hyman Llewellyn, who was born August 1, 1896, com- pleted his education in the University of North Carolina in 1916 and is a resident of Philadelphia; and Ethel Hall and Josephine, both of whom are yet in school. Mr. Battle and family are mem- bers of the Rocky Mount Episcopal Church and he is one of the unostentatious supporters of many of the church 's charities and benevolences. Romulos Sydenham Folger, Esq. Noteworthy among the public officials of Surry County is Romulus Sydenham Folger, Esq., of Dobson, who has served honorably and faithfully as justice of the peace for the past twenty years, and has like- wise filled other offices of responsibility in a most satisfactory manner. A native of North Carolina, he was born November 20, 1840, in Browntown, Davidson County, of pioneer stock, being a de- scendant in the fourth generation from Latham Folger, the founder of the Folger family in North Carolina, his ancestry being thus traced: Latham Folger, Reuben Folger, Milton Young Folger, and Romulus S. Folger. The branch of the Folger family to which he belongs came to this state from New England, Latham Folger having been a lineal descendant of Peter Folger, one of the original proprietors of the Island of Nantucket, which was his birthplace. Reuben Folger was a farmer by occupation, owning and operating a plantation in what is now Forsyth County, near Kernersville, where he spent 334 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA the last years of his life. He married Lydia Wilson, a native of Randolph County, North Caro- lina, and they reared six sons, as follows: Cyrus, Alfred, Rufus W., Benjamin F., Jackson, and Milton Y. Three of these sons, Benjamin, Alfred and Milton, became physicians, and all of them were expert violinists. Milton Young Folger was born on the home plantation, in Forsyth County, near Kernersville, in 1819, and there obtained his preliminary educa- tion, attending the rural schools of his neighbor- hood. Deciding upon a professional career, he read medicine with an older brother, and after the completion of his studies located first in Kernersville, later settling in Brownville, Davidson County, where he built up an excellent patronage. Coming to Surry County in 1843, he continued in active practice in Rockford until 1867, when he settled permanently in Dobson, where he held an assured position among the best known phy- sicians of the community until his death, in 1890, at the age of seventy-two years. Dr. Milton Y. Folger was twice married. He married first Miss Elizabeth Pegram, a native of Guilford County, North Carolina. She died Au- gust, 1850, leaving four children, namely: Romulus S., of this sketch; Eunice M. ; Adrian Rush; and Fannie Leslie. He married for his second wife, in 1852, Elizabeth Gray, who was born in Davie County, North Carolina, a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Kelley) Gray. She died in Dobson, leaving the following named children : Joseph, Mollie, Thomas W., Maude, Metta, Alice, Ida, and Ben- jamin F. Romulus S. Folger attended the public schools of Rockford and Dobson in the days of his boy- hood and youth, subsequently continuing his studies at East Bend under the wise instruction of Pro- fessor Livermore. In May, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Captain Reece 's Company, Twenty- eighth Regiment, North Carolina troops, but was soon commissioned as first lieutenant. He remained with his command until the following spring when he re-enlisted, and was granted a furlough of thirty days, and returned to his home for a visit. Within a very short time the commander of his regiment sent an order for all men out on a fur- lough to return at once and go to the relief of Newbern, which fell, however, into the hands of the enemy before the commands reached the men thus called upon. Mr. Folger was soon after hon- orably discharged from the service, but in Sep- tember, 1862, after a short stay at home, he re- enlisted in the same company and regiment, and as first lieutenant again went to the front. Just before the battle at Chancellorsville he was com- missioned adjutant of the regiment, and subse- quently served in that official capacity until the close of the war. Mr. Folger was at Appomattox when Lee surrendered, and being allowed to keep his horse rode home after receiving his parole. Soon after returning to his old home, Mr. Folger began the study of law at Rockford with Hon. R. M. Pearson, and there, in June, 1866, was ad- mitted to the bar. Beginning the practice of his profession in 1866, in Dobson, he met with excellent success, and continued his legal work until 1882 when he was elected county clerk of Surry County, a position that he held continuously by re-election for a period of 12% years. For the past twenty years Mr. Folger has served with distinction as justice of the peace, and during the time has con- ducted and won many important suits. Few have been contested, but whenever an appeal has been made the higher courts have invariably sustained; his decisions. Mr. Folger married first, in the twenty-first year of his age, Miss Juliet Gray, who was born in Davie County, North Carolina, a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Kelley) Gray. She died at the age of forty years, leaving four children, namely: Romulus Roseoe, a dentist in Doblbn; Mary J.; Walter C, who achieved success as a physician, died at the age of forty-three years; and Rush G., engaged in mercantile pursuits in Dobson. Mr. Folger married for his second wife Miss America C. Booker and of their union two children have been born, Myrtle and Ruth. Mr. Folger is prominent in public affairs, and has served as a member of the board of town commissioners and of the board of education, while in 1880 he was census enumerator. Fra- ternally he is a non-affiliating member of the An- cient Free and Accepted Order of Masons, and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Hon. James Lacy Mayo is one of the promi- nent newspaper men of North Carolina and has also been an active figure in public affairs, being the present representative from Beaufort County in the State Legislature. He was born on a farm in Beaufort County Oc- tober 28, 1878, a son of Lacy R. and Dorcas E. (Potter) Mayo. He grew up on a farm, largely educated himself, and by his own ability and resources has gained a creditable position in his native state. On August 4, 1909, Mr. Mayo es- tablished the Washington News, and his success with this paper has led to his acquiring the Belle- haven Journal, a weekly paper, while on June 15, 1917, he established the Greenville News at Greenville, North Carolina. Mr. Mayo was appointed clerk of the Superior Court of Beaufort County in 1908. He took an active part in the Legislature during his mem- bership, and one measure which he advocated and introduced was' the stock law bill. This measure passed both houses as a result of his hard work, but was finally knocked out. The bill contained the same provisions which are now being pushed by the United States Government in Eastern North Carolina to eradicate the stock tick and estab- lish laws regarding live stock. Mr. Mayo is a member of the Masonic Order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and his church is the Methodist. He married Miss Ella D. Phillips. They are the parents of six children: Lillian Ruth, Lacy Rayfield, Ella. Elizabeth, James Lacy, Jr., George Philip and Stella Catherine. Hon. J. Elyvood Cox. Forty years ago J. Elwood Cox was interested in a small lumber manufacturing concern at High Point. Through his energies a business has been built up in the manufacture of hard wood stock for shuttles, bobbins, etc., which now has plants in operation in several other states and is one of the primary sources of production of these specialties in the country. The business has a large export as well as domestic trade. For about thirty-seven years Mr. Cox had the principal responsibilities of this business, but recently he incorporated it as the J. Elwood Cox Manufacturing Company, and has turned the management over to his nephew, Joseph D. Cox. Large and important though this manufacturing HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 335 company is, and oue of the bulwarks of High Point s greatness as a lumber and furniture cen- ter, it by no means measures the extent and scope of Mr. Cox's interests. Though a resident of that town most of his active life, his activities have been by no means parochial in character, but have earned him a conspicuous place among the nation 's manufacturers and bankers. His associates say that Mr. Cox has achieved success largely by his capacity for tireless work and the power of con- centration upon business detail rarely excelled. For years he has been one of the prominent me. nbers of the American Bankers Association and is now president of the National Bank Section jr that association. A man of wealth, he is at the same time one of the most public spirited and liberal citizens of High Point. His name and reputation have traveled far and by various ave- nues. Many North Carolina people know him as a prominent leader in the republican party of the state. In 19U8 he was republican candidate for governor and materially reduced the former democratic majority. While his achievements have been to a large degree the expression of his rich and varied char- acter and energy, Mr. Cox undoubtedly owes much to the wholesome ancestry that preceded him. He comes of a long line of sterling Quakers. His great-grandparents were John and Miriam Cox. Little is known of John Cox beyond the fact that he lived and died in Perquimans County. His will filed with the records of that county was pro- hated in February, 1813. Joseph. Cox, grand- father of J. Elwood, was born in 1783, in Perqui- mans County, and owned and occupied a farm of 300 acres between Hertford and Woodville in that county. He was a man of good education, a teacher, and also a Quaker preacher. He died at the early age of thirty -five. Margaret Roger- son, his wife, was a daughter of "William Roger- son, who was with the colonists in their struggle for independence. He participated in Arnold's expedition to Quebec. In one battle he was severely wounded. His skull was fractured by a piece of shell and it was trepanned with a silver dollar. It was a rare piece of surgery for that time and he lived many years afterward. His daughter Dolly married Henry Copeland, and became a famous Quakeress and abolitionist. Her home in Eastern North Carolina was a station on the underground railway through which many a slave passed on his way to freedom. Margaret Roger- son Cox married for her second husband Thomas Elliott. She reared two sons, Joseph and Jona- than Elliott. Jonathan Elliott Cox, father of J. Elwood, was born in Perquimans County January 21, 1818. He was educated in the New Garden Boarding School, now Guilford College, in Guilford County, having entered that school the first year it was founded, in 1837. While there he met a fellow student, Elizabeth Hare, whom he afterwards married. For a time he taught school, but after his marriage located on a farm in Northampton County and lived there until the breaking out of the war. He then returned to New Garden to take charge of the boarding school property, and while he was master his wife was matron. He lived in that communitv a number of years, but finally retired to High Point, where he died June 16, 1895. He always held to the faith of the Friends and was a church official. Elizabeth Hare, his wife, was born September 29, 1817, daughter of John and Edna f Porter) Hare, a granddaughter of Henry and Jane (John- son,) Hare, and great-granddaughter of John Hare, who was a native of England but came to America and settled at Suffolk in the southeastern part of Virginia. Edna Porter, mother of Elizabeth Hare, was a daughter of William Porter and grand- daughter of John Porter. All these were mem- bers of the Society of Friends. Elizabeth Hare Cox died October 5, 1891. Jonathan and Eliza- beth Cox reared four children, named Margaret, Dr. Joseph J., Mary E. and J. Elwood. J. Elwood Cox was born on a farm in Rich Square in Northampton County, North Carolina, November 1, 1856. Like his father, he was edu- cated in the New Garden Boarding School and afterwards was sent west to a noted Quaker insti- tution of higher learning known as Earlham Col- lege at Richmond, Indiana. He also had a business course in a college at Baltimore. Among his early experiences was teaching a rural school and selling fruit trees as a traveling salesman. Some time after his marriage Mr. Cox entered business with his wife's father. The business might be described generally as lumber manufac- turing, but its specialty from the first was the manufacture of shuttles for cotton mills. Soon thereafter his father-in-law retiring, he succeeded to the business, and it was under his able personal management and control that by successive stages it has readied the highly substantial position al- ready described. Mr. Cox is still president of the company, though as noted the active management devolves upon his nephew. Mr. Cox is probably more widely known as a banker than as a manufacturer. When the Com- mercial National Bank of High Point was organ- ized in March, 1891, he was chosen its first presi- dent, and has continued to fill that office now for over a quarter of a century. Under his manage- ment this bank has grown to a point where it may properly be named with the larger banks of any si"ate. Its showing is particularly admirable in the fact that its surplus and profits now exceed its capital stock of $150,000. The bank had total resources in the summer of 1918 of more than $3,000,000, its deposits aggregating nearly $2,500,- 000. The institution has never failed to pay a semi-annual dividend of from four to six per cent. Mr. Cox is also president of the High Point Savings and Trust Company and is a director of the First National Bank of ThomasviUe, North Carolina, the Greensboro Loan and Trust Com- pany, the Virginia Trust Company, and the Jef- ferson Standard Life Insurance Company. For many years Mr. Cox has been an interested and a popular member of the North Carolina State Bankers Association as well as of the American Bankers Association. For six years he has been a member of the executive council of the latter body and in 1917 was made president of the Na- tional Bank section of the American Bankers Asso- ciation. For nineteen years Mr. Cox was chairman of the City School Board of High Point and also chairman of the board of trustees of Guilford College. He is a republican and one of the prom- inent laymen of the Friends Church. The New Garden Boarding School, now Guil- ford College, has been more than a source of edu- cation to the Cox family. Both Mr. Cox and his father attended school there and, as already noted, his father met his wife as a fellow student. It was at New Garden Boarding School that J. El- wood Cox also found his life companion. She was 336 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Miss Bertha Snow, a native of Lowell, Massa- chusetts, and a daughter of Captain William H. and Lydia J.. (Cramer) Snow. Eeference to her father will be found on other pages. She finished her education in New Garden Boarding School and on October 23, 1878, she and Mr. Cox were united in marriage. They have one daughter, Clara I. Mr. Cox has a beautifutl winter home at St. Petersburg, Florida, where his wife and daugh- ter spend the winter months and he goes there for as long a time and as frequently as his many business interests will permit. { Capt. Marion C. Toms. There was every rea- son why Capt. Marion C. Toms should be called one of the most widely known men of western North Carolina. He lived to be beyond three score and ten and from a boy fighter with the Confederate army he enjoyed nearly every success and appreciation which a wholesome ambition could crave. He was born at Fairview in Buncombe County, North Carolina, in 1843, son of James Toms, a pioneer farmer of this section of North Carolina. Captain Toms had reached the age of eighteen when the war broke out and joining the Buncombe Rifles as a private he was later in service with the Sixtieth North Carolina Regiment and for distinguished gallantry at the battle of Murfrees- boro was commissioned to a higher rank and sub- sequently became captain of Company A of the Sixtieth North Carolina Troops, his commission reading ' ' for skill as an officer and for valor in battle. ' ' Following the war Captain Toms re- entered school at Asheville, and then took up his residence at Hendersonville, which was his home during all his active career. There in the years following the Civil war, Captain Toms was junior partner in the firm of Ripley & Toms, who conducted one of the largest mercantile establishments in the western part of North Carolina. Later Captain Toms entered the mercantile business for himself, and about 1890 took up banking as cashier of the State Bank of Commerce at Hendersonville. From about 1894 until his death Captain Toms had been engaged in farming, fruit growing and other similar pur- suits. His apple orchards in Henderson County were among the largest in the state. He was also extensively engaged in mining in Henderson County and elsewhere. His principal mines were the Zircon mines of Green River, out of which for a long while was obtained almost the entire supply of zircon used in the world. Cap- tain Toms was everywhere regarded as a success- ful man of affairs, and his holdings of property both in Henderson and Buncombe were extensive and represented no small share of wealth. In Henderson County he was an especially familiar figure, and it is said that he was known by practically every man and woman in that vicinity. Captain Toms was appointed by the state as one of the three commissioners to ascertain the furthest point reached by the North Carolina troops at the battle of Chickamauga and mark that point by the erection of a suitable monument. Captain Toms was a member of the State Senate of 1899, and rendered most creditable service in that office. He was a member of the Masonic Order. Captain Toms died at his home in Henderson- ville October 12, 1917, and was buried at Asheville in his native county. His first wife was Miss Josephine French, daughter of the late George R. French of Wilmington. She died in 1889 and was the mother of Captain Toms ' only son, Charles French Toms, a resident of Asheville. Captain Toms married for his second wife Miss Katie Johnson, who survives him. Her father, Rev. Harvey Johnson, was president of Whitworth College at Brookhaven, Mississippi. Charles French Toms, whose home and whose business interests are chiefly centered at Ashe- ville, belongs essentially to Henderson County, North Carolina, where he practiced his profession as a lawyer with eminent success for many years, and where he gained his chief distinctions pro- fessionally and in politics. Mr. Toms was born in Henderson County Sep- tember 5, 1872, son of the late Capt. M. C. Toms, of whom a personal record appears on other pages. He was educated in the University of North Caro- lina, where he was a student of both the literary department and of law. After his admission to the bar he practiced more than twenty years at Hendersonville. During that time he was ap- pointed and elected twice as solicitor and made a splendid record as prosecutor for the state. He was a member of the State Senate of 1905, and filled various other political offices. He has been a delegate to national conventions of the party, has been a member of notification committees, was a trustee of the University of North Carolina and in many other similar ways has been made to sense the regard and esteem of his fellow citi- zens. Mr. Toms until recently practiced law at Ashe- ville, and as a lawyer had a very large and exten- sive clientele. He is extensively engaged in fruit growing. His orchards are among the largest and finest in the state. For years he has been interested in banking and mining. In the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis he was awarded a medal and diploma as leader in the production of zircon, a mineral of little known popularity but of great usefulness in commercial and industrial lines. Mr. Toms is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, belongs to the various bodies and rites of Masonry, including the Mystic Shrine, is active in the Baptist church and is one of the vice presi- dents of the American Sunday School Union of Philadelphia. On March 7, 1894, he married Miss Ethel Pank- nin, daughter of Dr. Charles F. Panknin of Charles- ton, South Carolina. They are the parents of five children, Hortense, Charles F., Jr., Frederick, Maurice and Margaret Toms. George Reade French, Sr., was a prominent old time merchant and business man of North Caro- lina, and exemplified that high quality of honesty and enterprise which makes his name today, thirty years after his death, associated with commercial success and a symbol of the highest commercial integrity. Though his life from the early '20s was identi- fied with the City of Wilmington, he was of New England ancestry and birth, and was born at Taunton, Massachusetts, January 24, 1802, son of Enoch French. He began his business career in his eighteenth year, as manager of a shoe and leather manufacturing company at Oneysville, Rhode Island, now a part of the City of Provi- dence. He soon gave up that responsibility and came south, locating at Darien, Georgia, where he was in business with Perry Davis of "pain killer" fame. In the autumn of 1822 Mr. French established ^fafrm* HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 337 the present boot and shoe business of George R. French & Sons at Wilmington, North Carolina, a firm that has been continuously in existence ever since and has always been one of the largest and most reputable in this state. George R. French was a resident of Wilming- ton over sixty-five years. He died in that city March 15, 1889, and was laid to rest in the community where he had always enjoyed the highest degree of success and esteem. He was at one time president and a director of the Bank of Wilmington, and a director of three other banks. He was widely known in Baptist circles as "Deacon French," having constructed largely through his efforts the present magnificent church edifice of the First Baptist Church of Wilming- ton. He was also president of the Oak Dale Cemetery Association and of the Seaman 's Friend Society, and was one of the vice presidents of the American Sunday School Union of Philadelphia. Mr. French married April 5, 1827, Sarah Caroline Weeks. Rev. G. S. Jones, a resident of Hendersonville, North Carolina, deserves the memory of the people of North Carolina for the splendid work he did as a Baptist minister and as an effective promoter of home missions. For forty years he was a missionary of the American Sunday School Union of Philadelphia. During that long period he established Sunday schools in North Carolina from the mountains to the sea, and when death came to him in advanced age he had long enjoyed the enviable distinction of having personally established more Sunday schools than any one man who ever lived. Rev. G. S. Jones was born in Pasquotank County, North Carolina, in 1837, and died at Henderson- ville in 1910, aged seventy-three. His father, Malachi Jones, was a physician of Pasquotank County. Rev. Mr. Jones was educated in local schools, and later at Wake Forest College, where he ranked as one of the highest men in his class. After the Civil war he removed to Henderson- ville, and married Margaret French, daughter of the late George R. French, Sr., of Wilmington. Rev. Mr. Jones was a man of fine qualities, genial and lovable in disposition, and was beloved by everyone who knew him throughout the state. Ernest Browxrigg Dewey is one of the most widely experienced and oldest in point of con- tinuous service insurance men in North Car- olina. His home and business headquarters are at Goldsboro, where he has spent practically all his life. Mr. Dewey was born at Goldsboro January 10. 1861, a son of Dr. Charles F. and Harriette (Bor- den) Dewey. He received a public sehool educa- tion, and as a young man began business life for himself. He had experience as a bookkeeper and clerk and subsequently became one of the or- ganizers of Dewey Brothers and later of George W. Dewey & Brother, an old anil prominent in- surance firm. Besides his connection as a gen- eral insurance man Mr. Dewey is special agent for the Queen Fire Insurance Company of America in the states of Virginia, West Virginia and North Carolina. He is now the sole owner of the George W. Dewey Insurance Agency. He is also a director of the North Carolina Home Insurance Company of Raleigh, and the commissioner of the Electric Light Fund of the City of Golds- boro. Mr. Dewey is affiliated with the Independent Vol. T— 22 Order of Odd Fellows, the Royal Arcanum and the Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks, and is a member of the Algonquin Club at Goldsboro. On June 10, 1884, he married Sallie Arlington, daughter of Dr. B. F. Arlington ot Goldsboro. Hillary M. Wilder, M. D. For over forty years Doctor Wilder has practiced medicine and surgery at Charlotte. Iii the judgment of his as- sociates and contemporaries he lias long ranked as one of the leading members of the profession in North Carolina. His work has been especially notable in the field of surgery. Doctor Wilder is also prominent socially and in civic affairs. Men look upon his frieiidsnip as a rare privilege. He is a member of one of North Carolina 's oldest and most distinguished families, and his own ca- reer has added luster to the family record. From the mass of interesting data concerning the Wilder family a tew points should be noted in introduction to the personal life of Doctor Wilder. His paternal ancestors were remotely of German origin. They first appear in the rec- ord as having gone out of Germany to England to assist the Duke of Richmond in his wars against the Duke of Gloucester. This German soldier of fortune for his services was knighted in England and was given The Sultam House, which was the home of the family for several generations. The Wilders of England were patrons of Eton College. The first of the name to come to America was Roger Wilder. His mother, Martha Wilder, fol- lowed him about a year later, landing at Plymouth Rock. Roger Wilder is honored by having his name on the Plymouth Rock Monument. Martha Wilder had two other sons who came with her and from one of them Doctor Wilder is descended. For many years the Wilders lived at Hingham, Massa- chusetts. Samuel Wilder came from Hingham, Massa- chusetts, and located on a plantation on the James River near Petersburg, Virginia. It was his am- bition to beeome a planter and own negroes which caused him to remove from New England to the old South. Descendants from this Virginia planter subsequently removed to Johnston County, North Carolina, and thus originated the North Carolina family of the name. Hon. Hillary Madison Wilder, grandfather of Doctor Wilder, was born in Johnston County, North Carolina. He became a prominent' and in- fluential figure in his generation. Johnston County sent him as a representative to the Gen- eral Assembly in the years 1821, 1825, 1826, 1827 and 1829, and he served as state senator in 1830, 1833 and 1834. In 1835 he sat as an influential member of the Constitutional Convention. While he was so much occupied with public matters, his private business was as a planter and slave owner. About 1840 he removed to Wake County, estab- lishing his home five miles east of Raleigh, the state capital, on the old Tarboro Road. In the first half of the nineteenth century he was the friend and associate of practically all the leading North Carolinians. Gaston H. Wilder, father of Doctor Wilder, was perhaps even more prominent in North Carolina 's business and public life. He had business ability amounting almost to genius, and his experience as a man of affairs brought him in contact with all the ereat men of his day. He graduated from the University of North Carolina with the class of 1838. That class contained a number of young men who afterwards made names and impressed their achievements upon the history of North 338 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Carolina. Gaston H. Wilder served as a represen- tative in the General Assembly from Wake County in 1842, 1844 and 1846 and again in 1852. In the meantime he had served through the Mexi- can war, being paymaster in the regular United States Army. In 1854 and again in 1856 he was state senator from Wake County. He' had been educated as a lawyer and was a very able advo- cate and attorney, but in time he retired from private practice in order to accept the post of president of the Raleigh & Gaston .Railroad. This railroad, extending from Ealeigh to Weldon, and in later years a part of the Seaboard System, was up to the time of the Civil war one of the chief traffic lines of the state. Gaston H. Wilder served as its president until about the opening of the ■ war. The duties of the position were very oner- ous and responsible, and at the time the war came on his name was readily recognized as distin- guished by achievements of a large and practical nature. During the war the Confederate Gov- ernment entrusted him with many important busi- ness duties. He w^s put in charge of all the property interests owned by northern parties in North Carolina. In 1856 he was president elector on the Buchanan ticket, and was a member of the entertainment committee when Mr. Buchanan visited Ealeigh and Chapel Hill about 1859. Gaston H. Wilder married Sarah Hinton. That introduces the name of another prominent North Carolina family into this lineage. Sarah Hin- ton was the daughter of Isaac Hinton of Wake County, and a descendant of one of the three Hin- tons who originally settled on the Neuse River in North Carolina. The Hintons owned vast tracts of land, developed large plantations and had a great many slaves. Mrs. Sarah Wilder and her husband, Gaston H. Wilder, together owned and operated two large plantations, one in Wake County and another in Alabama, and at one time they had 250 negroes. On the old Wilder estate five miles east of Raleigh in Wake County Dr. Hillary M. Wilder was born in 1851. He was ten years old when the issues which had so long been debated between the North and the South broke into Civil war. The events of that long and horrible struggle made their impressions on his youthful mind and char- acter in its formative state. Despite the gen- eral overturning of private and public interests during that period Doctor Wilder was accorded a liberal education. He attended Davidson College of North Carolina during the presidency of Doc- tor McPhail. He pursued the study of medicine in the University of the City of New York, now the medical department of Cornell University. He graduated there in 1872, and subsequently pur- sued post-graduate clinics in the famous Guy 's Hospital in London. Doctor Wilder came to Char- lotte, Mecklenburg County, in 1876, and has stead- ily been a resident of this old and noted city of North Carolina and almost from the first has been a leader in his profession. Soon after he came to Charlotte Doctor Wilder was elected county physiean, a position he held for twenty- years, longer than any other incumbent of the office. Of late years his practice has been con- fined largely to office and consultation work in surgery. His friends and associates esteem him not only for his professional accomplishments but for the rare resources of his mind and social nature. Doctor Wilder knows men, knows life from contact with the world at many points, and has a wonder- ful fund of historic reminiscence concerning pub- lic affairs and notable characters in his home state and city. When the Spanish-American war broke out in 1898 Doctor Wilder was appointed surgeon with the rank of major in the First Regiment of North Carolina Volunteers under Col. J. F. Armfield. With the regiment he went into active service in Cuba, and the members of this regiment were among the first troops who entered the City of Havana. They remained there during the occu- pancy of the city and helped in cleaning it up under Gen. Leonard Wood. Prior to the war Doctor Wilder had been surgeon of the Fourth North Carolina Infantry, serving for ten years as Maj. -Surgeon with the Fourth Regiment, North Carolina National Guard. Doctor Wilder 's home is on South Tryon Street in Charlotte. He has lived there since 1891. It is one of the historic places of Charlotte, and at one time was one of the finest mansions in the city. It is the old Tiddy home, and during the war and for a few subsequent years was occupied by Mr. Heilburn, a prominent Charlotte merchant. It was in this home that Judah P. Benjamin, member of President Davis' cabinet, was taken care of while he was ill and toward the close of the war. At the time Mr. Davis and members of his cabinet were in Charlotte. A well authenticated fact is that Mr. Davis, upon hearing of President Lin- coln's death, which occurred while the party were in Charlotte, hastened to visit Mr. Benjamin at the Heilburn home and consulted on official busi- ness. This constituted perhaps the last meeting, or at least a portion of the last meeting of the Confederate cabinet. In January, 1876, Doctor Wilder married Miss Sarah Demares Worsham, of Mecklenburg County. They are the parents of two children: Gaston Wilder; and Celeste Eloise, wife of Mr. K. M. Blake, their home being at 250 Riverside Drive, New York City. Celeste Eloise Wilder Blake was educated at the Mary Baldwin Seminary at Staun- ton, West Virginia, and was sent abroad to study music and voice culture in London and Paris for several years and reflects in voice her many advan- tages of study and tutelage. David Jeptha Rose. Of the contracting build- ers who have contributed much to the past of Rocky Mount, and who because of their superior equipment and progressive ideas may be counted on to share in the development of the future of the city, mention is due David Jeptha Rose, who has been a resident of Rocky Mount for more than a quarter of a century. During this time he has grown with the community, where evidences abound on every hand of his skill and ability as well as the superior workmanship which he puts into every contract accepted by him. Like many other successful men of this locality Mr. Rose is a product of the farm, having been born in Johnson County, North Carolina, November 27, 1861, a son of George Pinkney and Nancy B. (Ingram) Rose. His father was a farmer and millwright who removed with his family to Wayne County in 1868, and in that community the parents of Mr. Rose rounded out industrious and honorable lives. David J. Rose was seven years of age when taken by his parents to Wayne County, and there received a public school and academic education. His career was commenced as an agriculturist, but the duties of the farm held out no attractions HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 339 for him, and when he was twenty-four years of age he began to learn the trade of carpenter. He was about twenty-eight years old when he made his first venture into the difficult field of contract- ing, but his success encouraged him to further efforts, and by the time he came to Rocky Mount, in 1892, he felt himself capable of competition with men who had established reputations as con- tractors. A contemporary biographer remarks: •'It is well known by those familiar with the subject that the business of successful contracting and building is one that requires a high order of business ability and a sound, level judgment to avoid the pitfalls that encompass it. It is no small tribute to Mr. Rose 's capacity that he has not only conducted his business always with con- sistent good faith toward all concerned, but that he has been largely successful financially and is now one of the strong men of the city, speaking in a financial sense. He has been equal to every emergency that has arisen in his widespread field of large and responsible work, and the impression one gains of him at first, as being a man of force and of calm and sane judgment, is one that is amply corroborated by his record. * * * In all the states bordering on the South Atlantic Coast in which he operates, it would be impossible to find a contractor with a better or safer reputation for dependability, thorough efficiency and fidelity than he. This reputation is well earned, too, and has been built up by years of thorough application, hard and conscientious work, and the utmost care of the interests of those who have employed him. The work Mr. Rose has done has been on a large scale, many contracts running into the hundreds of thousands of dollars before completion. It is true, also, that Mr. Rose has done a multitude of the less costly but hardly less important work, such as the building of churches and residences, many of the handsomest in the Southeastern states having been built under his direction." One of these residences, erected for a railroad offi- cial, cost approximately $25,000. At Rocky Mount among his contracts are to be found, among others: the Hotel Ricks, the Shore Building, the Masonic Temple, the Bank of Rocky jlount, the Five Points Drug Store, the store of W. D. & C. A. Cochran, the new Methodist and Presbyterian churches, parts of the Roeky Mount Mills, the Planters Cotton Seed Oil Company 's factory, the Railroad Young Men 's Christian Association building, Rocky Mount 's new passenger station, and numerous others. The most of Mr. Rose 's work, however, has been done on the larger con- structing plane. For a number of years he was employed on a large number of important con- tracts for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Com- pany and other mammoth industrial concerns in the South and elsewhere. The railroad shops at South Rocky Mount were all constructed by Mr. Rose with the exception of two of the first build- ings. Among some of his largest contracts may be mentioned the Morris Fertilizer Factory, which cost approximately $200,000 which Mr. Rose built at Atlanta for the Morris Packing Company of Chicago; all the buildings in connection with the mines of the Florida Phosphate Mining Company at Bartow, Florida, which cost upwards of $150,000; the big factory of the Dutton Phosphate Company at Jacksonville. Florida ; factories for the great Southern Fertilizer Company, the F. S. Royster Guano Company, of Norfolk, which fac- tories cost something like, including equipment $750,000, and which Mr. Rose built for this great concern at Portsmouth, Virginia, Tarboro, North Carolina, Spartanburg, South Carolina, Colum- bus, Georgia, Macon, Georgia, Montgomery, Ala- bama, and Baltimore, Maryland, the last named factory being the largest in the South and alone cost, complete, about $400,000, and scores of others of equal magnitude all over the Southern states, including F. S. Roysbi's large fertilizer works at Toledo, Ohio. He also erected the National Bank building of Roeky Mount, North Carolina at a cost of $150,000. To again quote: ' ' Mr. Rose is widely known as not only a man who completes his contracts, large or small, to the very letter, but a big, broad man who is not satisfied until his patrons have received absolute satisfaction to the last detail. The regard in which he is held by a number of the largest cor- porations in the South, and indeed all over the country, who award him contracts year after year is ample proof that he not only knows his busi- ness and has the necessary financial and industrial generalship to carry out satisfactorily the largest contracts, but is the sort of man who carries his conscience into his business, and who makes every yard of his work good for not only the present but for the future. It has become so that the only bond required of Mr. Rose is the reputation he has won by his years of hard work and uniform honesty and honorable business methods. ' ' Mr. Rose is president and a director of the Rock Fish Cotton Mills, a director in the National Bank of Rocky Mount and the Underwriters Fire Insur- ance Company. He was formerly president of the Rocky Mount Brick Company, and has important connection with other enterprises and industries. His offices are located on Rose Street, a thorough- fare named in his honor, and his beautiful and com- modious residence is situated on Lexington Street. His record as an office holder is confined to mem- bership on the board of aldermen from 1899 to 1901, but in numerous ways he had done his part in assisting the city in its civic progress. Frater- nally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias, and he holds membership also in the Sagamore and Durand Island clubs. Mr. Rose was first married October 5, 1892, to Miss Anna Woodall, of Smithfield, North Carolina, aud they had three children : Lucille, Ira Woodall and Vera Durham. Mrs. Rose died June 25, 1899, and he was again married April 4, 1900, to Vara Benton, of Smithfield also, and they have had one child: Dillon Jeptha, born August 14, 1903. Ira Woodall Rose, elder son of David J. Rose, was born at Rocky Mount September 25, 1895. He attended the graded and high schools of Rocky Mount, Bingham Military Institute, and the Agri- cultural and Mechanical College, Raleigh, and since that time has been associated with his father in contracting and building. He is accounted one of the enterprising and progressive business men of the younger generation, upon whom will rest the responsibility for the future development of this prosperous and growing community. William Semore Shitle, a prominent North Carolina educator, has been connected with a num- ber of different schools, and is now serving his fifth consecutive term as superintendent of educa- tion for Henderson County. Mr. Shitle was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina, July 12, 1869, son of Jerry and Melissa fNelon) Shitle. His father was a farmer 340 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA and the son grew up in a country district, being educated in the public schools and in the Bun- combe County Institute. For a number of years he combined other vocations with teaching school in Buncombe County during the winter time. He was clerk in a general merchandise store and for two years was in the postoffice at Fairview, North Carolina. For one year Mr. Shitle taught the Baptist School at Sylva in Jackson County, for one year was with the Fruitland Institute in Henderson County, had charge of the grade schools at Flat Bock a year, and resigned that office to accept his present position as superin- tendent of education for Henderson County in 1909. Mr. Shitle has given the closest study to all problems arising in his work, has done much to develop and improve the personnel and the material equipment of the county schools, and the record of school work done in Henderson County at the present time stands in vivid contrast to the conditions existing when Mr. Shitle first became superintendent. He now has the supervision of a staff of teachers in the county including ninety white teachers and twelve colored. Mr. Shitle is a member of the North Carolina Teachers Assembly and the Henderson County Teachers Association. For nine years he served as secretary of the County Board of Health. He is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Woodmen of the World, and has been active in the Baptist Church, serving for- merly as deacon and also as superintendent of the Sunday school. Mr. Shitle still retains a modest interest in the agricultural affairs of North Caro- lina, owning a small farm. He married for his first wife Miss Arizona Free- man, of Chimney Bock, Rutherford County. She died September 23, 1903. On September 6, 1911, Mr. Shitle married Janie Catherine Sinclair, of Gerton, Henderson County. Mr. Shitle has three . children, William Woodrow, James Bavanell and Janie Catherine. Thomas M. Barnhardt. For many years Thomas M. Barnhardt has been connected with the upbuilding of Charlotte, and he has just rea- son to be proud of the fact that to his efforts can be traced many a substantial enterprise or ad- vancement contributing greatly to the growth and prosperity of this section of the state. In every sense he is a representative citizen and a business man of marked ability. It is to the inherent force of character and commendable am- bition and the unremitting diligence of Mr. Barn hardt himself that he has steadily advanced in the business world until he now occupies a leading place among the active and leading men of Meck- lenburg County. Thomas M. Barnhardt was born at Pioneer Mills, Cabarrus County, North Carolina, in the year 1862, and he is a son of Col. Jacob C. and Jane Adeline (Melehor) Barnhardt. On other pages of this work, in the sketch of Hon. John A. Barn- hardt, a brother of Thomas M. Barnhardt, will be found details concerning the parentage and an- cestry of the subject of this review. As a boy Mr. Barnhardt attended the old Rocky River Acad- emy, an adjunct of Rocky River Church, in Cab- arrus County, where he received a good ground- work of education under the able preceptorship of Professor Curtis, a scholarly teacher of high attainments. Subsequently he was matriculated as a student in the famous Bingham Military School at Mebane, conducted by Col. Robert Bing- ham. He received his training for business life in his father 's store at Pioneer Mills, the same being known under the name of J. C. Barnhardt & Son, where he spent ten years. This was one of the largest and most successful country stores of its time and it enjoyed a lucrative trade from a rich territory adjacent to Pioneer Mills. The business was built up by Colonel Barnhardt upon principles of the highest honor and upon adher- ence to the highest ethics of merchandising — a business that was a source of great pride to him in his lifetime and a splendid heritage to his children. On leaving Pioneer Mills Mr. Barnhardt came to Charlotte. This was in 1891, and for a few years he was here engaged in the wholesale pro- vision and grain business, representing Armour & Company. About 1900 he became interested in the cot- ton manufacturing industry, and he was the founder of the present Barnhardt Manufactur- ing Company, of which he is the principal owner and the managing official. At the plant of this company in Charlotte is manufactured various valuable products from all sorts and grades of waste cotton from cotton mills — ' ' what the other mills throw away ' ' — as Mr. Barnhardt expresses it. For the purpose of this output he has had designed and built special machinery and devices for cleaning, separating and scouring every par- ticle of waste product that comes into the plant. The building up of this important industry to its present importance has been brought about by ceaseless study and energy on the part of Mr. Barnhardt, and he may well be proud of the splen- did success achieved. It is an industry that ful- fills the modern need for thoroughness, efficiency and perfect system in industrial practice and for conserving and utilizing every possible waste material. The plant is favorably located on the Sea Board Air Jjine Railway and is housed in well-built and commodious structures. The prin- cipal products manufactured are cotton batts and mattress felts, rolled batts, etc., for manufac- turers of mattresses, furniture, vehicles, quilts and caskets. He has designed and is now manu- facturing in large quantities a special rolled batt for automobile upholstery, the same to take the place of hair, which has been generally used for this purpose. Through his intelligent edu- cational work among automobile manufacturers he has succeeded in opening up a splendid mar- ket for tins product, which gives promise of great future development. A humble but none- theless important by-product of this plant is a fine fertilizer that is in great demand by the farmers of this locality. Large quantities of waste for machinery-cleaning purposes are also turned out. This factory gives employment to a great number of men and women in this sec- tion and it is one of the foremost industries of Charlotte. In 1900 Mr. Barnhardt married Miss Carrie Harper, of Caldwell County, a daughter of Mr. F. S. Harper and a niece of Major G. W. F. Harper, a distinguished character of Caldwell County, a sketeh of whose career appears else- where in this edition. Mr. and Mrs. Barnhardt have a family of five interesting and attractive children, whose names are here entered iu respective order of birth: Thomas M., Jr., Mary Gwynn, Jacob G, James and Nellie. The Barnhardts are devout members of the Second Presbyterian Church, in which he is an elder. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 341 Mr. Barnhardt is one of the leading and influ- ential business men of Charlotte, where he has valuable property interests in addition to his factory. His interest in political questions is deep and sincere and he gives an earnest support to Democratic principles, believing that the plat- form of that party contains the best elements of good government. In every movement pro- jected for progress and improvement he is a leading light and he is a liberal contributor to local charities. Martin Stevenson Willard. Some men delay their service to the public until they are satisfied with their position in business life. Often times they wait too long and consequently society fails to receive from them its proper meed of service and influence. Martin Stevenson Willard has been constant in doing for the public good all the while he has been active in business. He is still in business, and he is also still doing all he can for the advancement and uplift of his home city of Wilmington. His career began at Washington, North Caro- lina, where he was born January 17, 1858, a son of Albert Alfonso and Mary H. (Stevenson) Willard. His father for many years was a merchant at Washington, North Carolina. The son had the best of advantages in the private schools of Wil- mington and also in schools at New Haven, Con- necticut. When it came time to make choice of a vocation he found position as clerk in an insurance office and remained there ten years. In 1883 Mr. Willard engaged in the insurance business for him- self, and since 1906 has given all his time to his duties as secretary and treasurer of the Carolina Insurance Company. He was one of the organizers of that company in 1889, and was the first man elected secretary and treasurer. Another im- portant business connection is as president of the Willard Bag and Manufacturing Company. To give a detailed account of his public service would require several paragraphs. While he was a member of the Legislature he fathered the law establishing the Insurance Department of North Carolina, also helped revise the tax laws, and was author of the bill which compelled the fencing and enclosing of livestock. In 1912 he was elected chairman of the board of county commissioners and it was due to his leadership that the present handsome county building was erected, a concrete reenforced structure costing $40,000. Public health officials and sanitarians frequently take Wilmington as an example of one of the most progressive southern cities in the matter of safe- guarding the public health. Those who know how this reputation was accomplished say that the major credit should be given to Mr. Willard, who was chairman of the Board of Public Health when the city was thoroughly cleaned up and the health department put upon a basis of .efficiency. Mr. Willard formerly served on the Board of Management of the James Walker Memorial Hos- pital, is former president of the Civil Service Com- mission, is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and in recent years has devoted much of his seri- ous study to the problem of handling anil manag- ing the convicts of the state. His studies are directed with a view to enlightening the conditions of treatment of these unfortunates and bringing about conditions which will inspire them with new ideals of manhood. He is treasurer of the First Presbyterian Church in Wilmington, is a member of the Cape Fear Golf and Country Club, has been grand commander of the Knights Templars and also officially connected with other branches of the York Rite Masonry. On December 0,. 1885, Mr. Willard married Elizabeth Getting Oliver. Mrs. Willard, who died November 9, 1914, was the daughter of William H. and Hannah (Attmoie) Oliver. Her father was a prominent merchant at Newbern. On October 25, 1916, Mr. Willard was married to Margaret Glendy Martin of Salem, Virginia. John Early Logan, M. D. During the latter half of the nineteenth century the people of Greensboro and Guilford County who did not have substantial evidence of Dr. John Logan 'a abilities as a physician at least knew and loved him for his character and the uprightness of his citizen- ship. He was one of the old time physicians whose name and memory should not be allowed to lapse in a community which he served so long and faith- fully. Doctor Logan was born at Greensboro July 14, 1835. His father, Gen. John Logan, was a native of Ireland, was well educated in Londonderry, and in young manhood came to America and settled at Greensboro. For many years he was a man of prominence in the local life of the city and county and for a long time held the office of clerk of courts of Guilford County. He lived there until his death in 1857. He married Elizabeth Ambler Strang. John Early Logan grew up in an environment which was calculated to bring out the best powers of his mind and character. He prepared for col- lege in the high school at Greensboro and in 1857 graduated from the University of North Carolina. For a year he studied medicine under Dr. Strud- wiek, and then completed his preparation in Jef- ferson Medical College at Philadelphia, where he was graduated with the class of 1859. Before taking up private practice he served a year as interne in a hospital at Philadelphia, and had already made promising progress toward the acqui- sition of a successful practice at Greensboro when the war broke out between the states. In Novem- ber, 1861, he accepted the rank and the duties of assistant surgeon of the Fourteenth Regiment North Carolina Infantry, and was with his com- mand faithfully performing all his duties, often under fire from the enemy's guns, until the close of the war. His name is on the official list of those paroled at Appomattox on April 10, 1865. From the war he returned unbroken in spirit to resume private practice at Greensboro, and con- tinued his work among an enlarging circle of patrons and friends almost to the last. The death of this honored phvsician occurred at Greensboro March 31, 1902. Doctor Logan married Miss Frances Mebane Sloan, who was born in Greensboro, daughter of Hon. Robert M. and Sarah (Paisley) Sloan. A brief sketch of her honored father will be found on other pages. Mrs. Logan was educated at Edge- worth Female Seminary, where she studied art, music and the languages. She has always been a lover of the beautiful in life and in the artistic surroundings of her comfortable home she sometimes modestly points out a landscape painting that hangs on the walls and which was the work of her brush when she was only fifteen years old. Another vivid experience and recollection of her girlhood was when she visited her uncle, then a member of Congress, at Washington in 1861 and attended Lincoln 's inauguration as president. Mrs. Logan 342 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA now occupies her Grandfather Paisley 's home- stead, one of the handsome old landmarks of Greensboro. It is in the third block from the junction of Elm and Market streets and only one block from the new courthouse. The house is set in the midst of large grounds surrounded with fruit and shade trees. Mrs. Logan has made it a practice for a number of years in the summer months to entertain as host to large parties of children. She is an active member of the First Presbyterian Church. Hon. Robert Moderwell Sloan. This is a name that serves to recall some of the oldest and most prominent families of North Carolina, of colonial and Revolutionary lineage, of ardent patriotism and of great and varied usefulness in public and private life. Robert M. Sloan was for a long period of years a business man at Greens- boro, where some of his family still reside. He was born at Lexington, Rock Bridge County, Virginia, in 1812. His father, John Sloan, was a native of County Donegal, Ireland, was reared there and when a young man came to America, being the only member of his father 's family to locate in the New World. In Rockbridge County, Virginia, he set up a mercantile business at Lex- ington and also owned a farm nearby, operated with slave labor. Though born a British subject he fought with American troops in the War of 1812. He married Mary Shields, who was a life- long resident of Rockbridge County. They reared seven children, named Alexander, James, Robert, Mary, Rachel, John and Martha. Robert Moderwell Sloan had his early advan- tages in the schools of Lexington. In 1827, when he was fifteen years of age, he came to Greens- boro, North Carolina, Where his uncle, James Moderwell, was at that time a successful mer- chant. The boy became a clerk in his uncle 's store but after a few years he and his brother James succeeded to the business and continued it prosperously. Later Mr. Sloan was engaged in other lines of business. He always took an active interest in city affairs, and one time served as mayor. His home was the old Paisley homestead of Greensboro, in which he died in 1905, at the age of ninety-three. His wife, Sarah Paisley, was born in Orange County, North Carolina, in 1816. Her grand- father, Colonel John Paisley, a native of Ireland, on coming to America located near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, but in a short time moved south to North Carolina and acquired land in the eastern part of what is now Guilford County. With the aid of negro slaves he cleared up and developed a plantation there. He was one of the ardent colonists who believed in liberty and independence and when the revolution came on he accepted the rank of an officer in the Colonial Army and was with General Greene in some of his historic cam- paigns through the Carolinas. Colonel Paisley married Mary Ann Denny, and both spent their last days on that plantation. Rev. William Paisley, father of Sarah Paisley, was born on a plantation eight miles east of Greensboro October 26, 1770. In early youth he was converted, joining the Presbyterian Church, and after a period of study under Dr. David Cald- well, an eminent early divine of that church, he was licensed to preach by the Orange Presbytery in 1794. His first sermon was delivered at Buf- falo Church. Soon afterward he was sent as a Presbyterian missionary to the scattered settle- ments of Tennessee and remained there, enduring all the hardships his mission entailed, until 1800. ' On returning to North Carolina he served the Haw- field and Cross Roads churches, but in 1820 re- moved to Greensboro, where he organized a school for boys. In 1824 he organized the First Presby- terian Church of Greensboro, which is today one of the most flourishing churches of that denomina- tion in the state. When Rev. Mr. Paisley came to Greensboro he found a mere hamlet, the greater part of the present city being either farm land or covered with brush and timber. He himself pur- chased a considerable tract of land on what is now West Market Street, three blocks west of Elm, and there built a house in the midst of commodious grounds, and in those pleasing sur- roundings spent his last years. He died March 10, 1857. The old Paisley homestead is now owned and occupied by his granddaughter, Mrs. Frances Sloan Logan. Rev. William Paisley married Frances Mebane. Her father, Alexander Mebane, was born in Penn- sylvania November 26, 1744, and was one of the early settlers of Orange County, North Carolina. He achieved special prominence in colonial and early state affairs of North Carolina. He was a member of the Provincial Congress which met in Halifax December 16, 1776. He was also a mem- ber of the Hillsboro Convention called to ratify the Constitution. From 1783 to 1793 he repre- sented his county in the State Legislature and finally achieved the special dignity of being sent to represent his district in the first Congress of the United States. He was re-elected but died before beginning his second term, on July 5, 1795. He married for his first wife Mary Armstrong, a native and lifelong resident of " Orange Countv. Mrs. William Paislev died in 1859. The wife of Robert M. Sloan died in 1884, having reared seven children, named John Alex- ander, Frances Mebane, Mary Virginia, Julia Paisley, Sarah Roberta, Mollie Moderwell and Ida Louise. The son, John Alexander, was a Con- federate soldier, fighting with the Twenty-seventh Regiment of North Carolina troops. The members of the Sloan family have always been active in the First Presbyterian Church and the late Robert M. Sloan served it as an elder. William J. Hutchison. A member of one of the old-established families of Mecklenburg County, William J. Hutchison is an excellent representative of the leading agricultural class of this region, and a promoter and exponent of advanced education. His present home is located six miles north of Charlotte, on the Statesville Road, and is one of the model farms in a com- munity which has no dearth of good agricultural properties. Mr. Hutchison was born in the com- munity where he has ever since lived, and two miles from his present residence, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, in 1854, being a son of William M. and Esther (McClure) Hutchison. This is one of the oldest families of Mecklen- burg County and is of Scotch-Irish origin, having come from Pennsylvania before the Revolutionary war and located at Charlotte in Mecklenburg County. The grandfather of Mr. Hutchison was Taylor Hutchison, whose home was a farm in what is now almost the heart of Charlotte, being not far from the Southern Railway, and situated on what is now Clarkson Street. The land em- braced a large amount of territory, including MRS. ROBERT M. SLOAN ROBERT M. SLOAN HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 343 that now occupied by the city cemetery, and a .good deal more that is now included within the city limits, and, of course, most valuable. The great-grandfather of Mr. Hutchison was William Hutchison, who lived at Charlotte when the large city was still a small hamlet. Because of the ravages of war and the equally trying times of the reconstruction period, William J. Hutchison gTew up in a very poor period and was deprived of the advantages and educational opportunities that are now so plentiful. He is essentially a self-made man, for, beginning with nothing, he has worked his way into the owner- ship of land and property and the possession of prominence as a citizen that must be very grati- fying to him. When a young man he bought a piece of land on credit and began farming on his own account; his father had died when William J. was only a few months old, and he was compelled from boyhood to make his. own way and to prepare his own opportunities. He lived for many years on the place near to that on which he was born, and two miles south of his present home place. The latter is a splendid farm of 183 acres, beautifully situated on the Statesville Eoad, six miles north of Charlotte. He purchased this property several years ago, and within recent years has built his present residence, a modern two-story structure equipped with a water system and possessing every com- fort and convenience of the modern home. This is a fine farm and is one of the show places along the Statesville Eoad. In addition to this farm Mr. Hutehison owns two other tracts two miles south, one of which is the original home place referred to above, and altogether he owns nearly 600 acres of rich and highly-cultivated agricul- tural land. He carried on farming under the advanced methods of the present day, and the property and interests that he has accumulated solely from farming show that he is an excellent tiller of the soil. Mr. Hutchison is a member and deacon of the Williams Memorial Presbyterian Church, which is situated about a mile from his home, located on the Beatty 's Ford Road, which is one of the ' highly historic thoroughfares of Mecklenburg County. He has for many years taken a leading part in the affairs of this splendid country con- gregation. In 1914 he was elected a member of the County Borrd of Education and in the election of 1916 was chosen to succeed himself. His political views make him a stanch democrat. Mr. Hutchison married Miss Elizabeth Coch- ran, and they have had seven children: L. L., a member of the firm of Hutchison, Sehorn '& Sipp, of Charlotte; Olin Parks; Roy. W. Bruce, Mrs. Irene Gray, of High Point ; Mrs. Jonsie Surratt, of Charlotte; and Miss Louise, who resides at home. Hont. William T. Dortch. "Among the gTeat lawyers to whom North Carolina owes much for influence for good upon the legal profession was William T. Dortch. Though enjoying a large prac- tice, he did not deem that the pecuniary rewards were the sole objects of a lawyer's profession. While successful in public life and attaining, among other honors, the position of Confederate States Senator, he did not permit ambition to swerve him from his duty. His face and figure "bespoke power, restrained by moderation. In character, and I might almost say in lineaments, he recalled that ideal of the great race from which he sprung, the first William of Orange, the liber- ator of Holland, the opponent of Alva and of all intolerance in state and in religion. Mr. Dortch was a strong man, conscious of his power but mod- erate in its use. He achieved without effort a fore- most place at the bar and in the state. His mem- ory will always be found in veneration by both." These were the words used by Chief Justice Clark of the North Carolina Supreme Court in accepting the portrait of Hon. William T. Dortch presented on May 23, 1916, by Hon. Henry G. Connor. In his speech of presentation Mr. Connor reviewed at length the career and attainments of the subject of the portrait which now hangs in the Supreme Court chambers, and while the address cannot be quoted in its entirety, it is appropriate to the memory of the great lawyer that the most salient points should be gathered together and preserved in this section of the History of North Carolina. William Theophilus Dortch, a son of William and Drueilla Dortch, was born on his father 's plantation in Nash Count}', five miles from Roeky Mount, August 3, 1824. He grew up in an agricultural community, in which there was neither large wealth nor poverty, but honest work and plain, healthful manner of life. During Ms early years he attended the neighboring schools, and at the appropriate age was sent to the Bingham School, then located at Hillsboro, under the super- intendence of William J. Bingham. The whole- some discipline and the spirit of supervision in this excellent institution were as important as its curri- culum, and altogether the Bingham School was and is a splendid training ground for men who have become prominent. Having completed his course of study there Mr. Dortch took up the study of law under Bartholomew F. Moore, then living at Halifax, North Carolina. Diligent at his studies, at the January term, 1845, he was ad- mitted by the Supreme Court to practice in the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, and a year later, as provided by the rules, received his license as an attorney and counsellor in all the courts of the state. The first three years of his professional life were spent at Nashville in the county town of his native county. During the year 1848 he removed to the new and rapidly growing town of Goldsboro, which recently had been made the county seat of Wayne County. There he spent the remaining forty years of his life. He attended the courts of Wayne, Johnson, Lenoir, Greene, Edgcomb and Nash counties and also of Wilson County after its formation in 1855. From the first Mr. Dortch became closely aligned with the democratic party. He was elected to the House of Commons from Wayne County at the session of 1852 and returned to the session of 1854, serving as chairman of the judiciary committee. Many of the most prominent men of North Caro- lina during the middle of the last century were members of the Legislature of 1854. He again represented his county at the session of 1858. During that session occurred the historic debate upon the proposition to enact a charter for a rail- road connecting the North Carolina Railroad at Greensboro with Danville, Virginia. At the session of 1860 Mr. Dortch was chosen speaker of the House of Commons. TJpon the passage of the Ordinance of Secession. May 20, 1861, and the ratification of the Constitution of the Confederate States, he was, with Mr. George Davis, chosen 344 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Confederate States Senator. He held this position during the life of the Confederacy, giving to the administration of Mr. Davis his loyal support. At the age of forty-one, at the fall of the Con- federacy, Mr. Dorteh had rendered valuable ser- vice to the state and held high and honorable position. By the passing of the issues and the change in conditions which had engaged his atten- tion he was like others similarly situated, con- fronted with problems in his private and public relations growing out of the results of the war. Like all others who had either favored the course pursued by the majority or "gone with the state" and loyally supported the cause to which he ad- hered, Mr. Dorteh with that sorrow and regret which came to all sincere Southern men, accepted the result in absolute good faith and conformed to the requirements of the National Government to enable himself to resume his civic relations and the practice of his profession. Such property as he had saved from his practice during the years preceding the war was swept away, his law library was partially destroyed by Federal troops when they entered Goldsboro. He had married early in life and found himself confronted with the duty of providing for the support and education of a large and growing family. Like all who had ren- dered service to his state, Mr. Dorteh was politic- ally disfranchised, and until pardoned pursuant to the plan adopted by the National Government, was deprived of the rights of citizenship. For twelve years he devoted his entire time and energy to the practice of his profession, giving to his large clientage his untiring and devoted service. He took a deep interest in and in such manner as he could gave the democratic party his aid in its struggle for supremacy in the state and relief from the evils brought upon the people by the reconstruc- tion policy of the dominant party. At the election of 1878 he responded to the call of his party and people to represent the district composed of Wayne and Duplin counties in tne Senate. He was re- elected to the sessions of 1881 and 1883, being chosen president of the Senate at the session of 1879, and serving as chairman of the Judiciary Committee at the session of 1883. As the session of 1881 the necessity for codifying the statute law of the state was manifest. The Eevised Code of 1851 with Battle 's Revisal of 1875, had become of little practical value by reason of the numerous and radical changes in the statutory law. The Legis- lature directed that the entire statute law be codi- fied, incorporating such amendments and changes as had been made since the last revisal. For this very important work Mr. Dorteh, as chairman, Hon. John Manning and Hon. John S. Henderson, were appointed a commission. No better or wiser selections could have been made. All of the mem- bers were lawyers of large experience, accurate learning and industry. That the work was well done is manifest not only by its acceptance and adoption, without change, by the General As- sembly of 1883, but by the judgment, of the bench and bar of the state. Mr. Dorteh gave to the duties of the position his most careful considera- tion and active service. The Code of 1883, was the authoritative evidence of the statute law of the state for twenty years and until the adoption of the Revisal of 1905. This was the last and crown- ing public service rendered by him to the state. During his service in the Senate Mr. Dorteh was the author of a number of important public stat- utes. As a legislator he was conservative, watchful of the public interest, and attentive to the proceed- ings of the Senate. He was the author of the ' ' Dorteh Bill ' ' providing for enlarged facilities for the common schools. Mr. Dorteh was named by Governor Vance in 1877 on the board of directors of the Western North Carolina Railroad, a work in which the peo- ple of the state, especially the West, were deeply interested, and to the building of which by the state the administration was committed. Its com- pletion was to mark the consummation of the North Carolina system, adopted and begun with the construction of the North Carolina and At- lantic and North Carolina Railroads, and the realization of the vision of the people of the state of a transportation system connecting with the sections, beginning in the mountains and terminating at the ocean. Many difficulties were encountered, the cost was very large, and the peo- ple of the eastern counties were restless under the burden. The wisest and most patriotic men of the state held various views in regard to the best course to pursue. In 1880 a proposition was made by northern capitalists to purchase the property and complete construction of the road. When the matter came up before the Legislature at a special session Mr. Dorteh strongly opposed the sale but was overborne by a majority of the Legislature. The sale was made and the road finally completed. Even then Senator Dorteh endeavored to safeguard the future interests of the people of North Caro- lina by a provision protecting the people from any unjust or inequitable imposition of traffic charges or rates, but this proposed amendment was de- feated. It was the loyalty of Mr. Dorteh to the welfare of the people of the state and his courageous stand in the face of defeat to secure to them the benefits which were expected by those who had labored for the establishment and main- tenance of a North Carolina system of transporta- tion, giving to the people of all sections fair and equal rates of traffic, which is of interest in esti- mating the value of his public service. It is, however, as a man and a lawyer that we find in his character and conduct those qualities which we think upon most pleasantly. Mr. Dorteh was not given to speculation or refinement in the practice of the law; he was not a reformer, in the usual and ordinary sense in which that term is used. He found a larger interest in using, in the administration of justice, the methods and pro- cedure which he found in existence than in devis- ing new ones. Trained in the common-law pro- cedure in force in our courts prior to 1868, he opposed the new Code of Procedure, as did many others of the lawyers of his age. When, however, it was adopted, he familiarized himself with its principles and provisions and came to recognize its, value. To him the definition of the complaint as a ' ' concise statement of the f aets ' ' constituting his clients cause of action and the answer as an equally concise denial, with such matter of defense as he intended to rely upon, was easily adopted. His pleadings were models of conciseness, clear- ness, and freedom from evidential and irrelevant matter. While Mr. Dorteh was a safe and wise counsellor, an accurate and well informed lawyer, giving close attention to all interests committed to his care, it was in the courthouse and before the jury that his pre-eminent ability and finest powers found their fullest expression. From the impaneling of the jury, the reading of the pleadings, until the rendition of the verdict his interest increased, his mind became ever more active and alert — he was HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 345 at his best. With his case thoroughly prepared, the order of introducing his evidence logically ar- ranged, the weak points in the armor of his ad- versary anticipated, and exposed by the adroit and skillful cross-examination of witnesses, when the moment came for going to the jury he was master of the situation and usually the victor when the verdict was rendered. He wasted no time nor weakened his cause in the mind of the jury in fight- ing over irrelevant and immaterial preliminaries. He dealt frankly with the court, fairly with coun- sel, knowing when to make concessions, waive for- malities, and preserve the substantial rights of his clients. He was always in command of the liti- gation, securing and retaining the confidence of his client; he did not hesitate to assume responsibility and managed the cause from start to finish as a skillful commander, granting such favors to op- posing counsel as he deemed just, making such admissions as in his judgment were proper, and taking the responsibility for the result. The work of the legislator is at best but tenta- tive, and for a day; of the judge, ever undergoing examination, criticism, and frequently rejection; of the lawyer, evanescent and soon forgotten. But the man — that which for the want of a more ac- curate description we call the spirit, the soul, the essence — lives forever, and is projected into the current of and affects human life. The questions which we ask of every man, How did he use the opportunities which success brings ' — if failure and defeat overtake him, How did he bear himself, and with what degree maintain his integrity ? — to these questions, applied to the life of Mr. Dortch, a satisfactory answer may be given. As a citizen he was obedient to the laws of his state and country, and taught others to be so. Mr. Dortch was not given to professions of friendship nor seeking the confidence of others; and yet no man was more strongly attached to those whom he admired, and no man ever doubted his absolute loyalty nor hesitated to confide in his integrity. To his chosen friends, and all who enjoyed his con- fidence, he was ready to give assistance to promote their welfare and happiness, preferring to do so in his own quiet unobtrusive manner. Probably for no one, not of his own household, did he have more affectionate regard than for Judge Strong, with whom for many years he held most intimate per- sonal and professional relations ; resident of the same town until the latter moved to Raleigh, prac- ticing at the same courts, differing in temperament and cast of mind, and yet having each for the other a strong, manly affection. Judge Strong wrote of him: "It seems that nature had formed a special place in my heart which he only could fill. * * * jje was indeed one of the bravest, truest, best and greatest men that I have ever known. ' ' The most sacred relationships of life brought to ham the purest pleasures, accompanied by respon- sibilities the discharge of which taxed his splendid mental, moral and physical powers — all of which he wisely conserved that he might devote them to the demands of duty. He placed a proper estimate upon money, seeking to acquire it only as the just reward for honest service, and to use it for the benefit of those to whose welfare and happiness he had devoted his life. He was in the best sense of the word a prudent man ; his personal habits were those of a man who understood his duty to preserve his health ; in nothing did he indulge to excess. He did not seek ease, but found pleasure in labor. He was an unusually industrious man, having but little patience with those who sought to live without work. Sincere and loyal himself, he had no sympathy with and but little toleration for insincerity and disloyalty in others. As with all men of strong character, the currents of his life ran deeply and quietly. His was in all re- spects a striking, unusual personality, impressing itself upon all with whom it came in contact. While not given to humor, his quiet smile gave un- mistakable evidence of appreciation of a good story. His conversation when with friends, in his home, around the fireside, on circuit, or on a walk before or after court, was interesting and en- lightening. He was not a reader of many books, but well informed in regard to current events. He was more interested in what men did than what they wrote. Mr. Dortch was of that temperament which we find in quiet, reserved men upon whom the ex- periences of life make a deep impression. He did not care, nor did he know how, to cast them off. He rather met them bravely, and carried them to the end. Upon such men the wear and tear of life tells strongly. He continued to work to the end, and drew upon his weakened resources until on November 21, 1889, at the age of sixty-five, he quietly and with gentle resignation slept. Mr. Dortch in early manhood married Miss Elizabeth Pittman of Edgcombe. The children born to them were: Harrod Pittman Dortch, Isaac Eoote Dortch, Miss Corinne Dortch, Mrs. Mary D. Scholfield, William T. Dortch, Mrs. Annie D. Hill, Fitzhugh L. Dortch. For his second wife Mr. Dortch married Miss Hattie Williams, of Berry- ville, Virginia. Their children were: Allan W. Dortch, Helen W. Dortch, James Tyson Dortch and Miss Selene W. Dortch. William Theophilus Dortch, son of William T. and Elizabeth (Pittman) Dortch, was born in Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina, April 9, 1862. He was educated in the schools of his county, at the Bingham Military School and at the University of North Carolina. He read law at the University of Virginia and the University of North Carolina, and was licensed to practice in 1884. Immediately thereafter he formed a partner- ship with his father, the late Hon. W. T. Dortch, at Goldsboro, which continued until his father 's death in 1889, and he and Judge William R. Allen then became partners, which relationship continued until Judge Allen was elected one of the judges of the courts of the state, when the partnership of Dortch and Barhani was formed, his associate being John Langhorne Barham. On May 8, 1889, he married Miss Elizabeth Lewis, oldest daughter of General William Gaston Lewis. They are the parents of the following chil- dren: Elsie, wife of R. R. Faison, of Goldsboro, who is a captain in the U. S. Army; William T., Jr., who died while a student at the LTniversity of North Carolina; Gaston Lewis, now a lieutenant in the U. S. Army; Mary, a teacher; Hugh, sergeant in the U. S. Army ; Lewis ; Anna Lewis ; Charles; Redmond Pittman and Helen. The three soldiers named above are now serving their country in France. Mr. Dortch was appointed by President Wilson in December, 1913, U. S. marshal for the Eastern District of North Carolina, and the administration of his office has given entire satisfaction to the Government. The new duties imposed upon the office as the exigency of the war have been oner- 346 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA ous, but they have been performed diligently and with success. In the primary election held on June 1, 1918, Mr. Dorteh was nominated as the demo- cratic candidate for the House of Representatives of the Third Congressional District, and no doubt is entertained of his election. He is intensely loyal to his friends and to the cause he advocates, and his address and affable manners have made him very popular in his home county and in the state. He has appeared in prac- tically all of the important cases in his circuit for the last twenty years and has been eminently suc- cessful, which is due in a large measure to his power of analyzing evidence, and his clear, strong, forceful presentation of his cause. He has taken an active part in the politics of his section and the state since he became of age, and has rendered valuable service to his party. John Langhorne Barham in the dozen years since he began practice at Goldsboro has attained not only front rank as a lawyer, but also some of the noteworthy honors of public life. He repre- sented his district in the State Senate from 1909 to 1913, and while in the Senate was chairman of the educational committee. His service in that capacity was of conspicuous benefit to the state, and some very important and far reaching legis- lation was enacted in behalf of the schools and bearing the impress of his work and study as chairman of the educational committee. He has taken an active interest in politics in the state and his success has been marked. He was manager for the Honorable George E. Hood in the congressional nomination for the Third District and also for the Honorable W. T. Dorteh for the same position in June, 1918, and was successful in both instances. His management of the last named campaign and the contest, that followed has placed him in the forefront of the honorable and success- ful politicians of the state. He is a lawyer of unquestioned ability and is recognized as one of the foremost advocates in Eastern North Carolina. Mr. Barham is a native of Virginia, having been born at Newsons in Southampton County January 19, 1879. His parents were Joseph Lewes and Bettie (Langhorne) Barham. His father is both a farmer and banker and . was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1900 and 1901. John L. Barham had a liberal education, attending Randolph-Macon College and the Uni- versity of Virginia, and in 1903 was licensed to practice law after taking the course from the law department of the University of North Carolina. On April 6, 1903, he located at Goldsboro and soon afterward formed a partnership with William T. Dorteh under the name Dorteh & Barham. This firm has built up a large and successful clientele. For five and a half years Mr. Barham served as city attorney at Goldsboro. He belongs to the Kappa Alpha college frater- nity, is a past exalted ruler of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of Goldsboro, and is a member of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church. On April 26, 1906, he married Miss Hannah Dewey, of Goldsboro. The two children of their marriage are: Charles Dewey and Bessie Langhorne. Mr. Barham married for his present wife Bessie Bron- son, of New Haven, Connecticut. They have one child, Katherine. Andrew Watson Goodwin, M. D. It is more than thirty years since Dr. Goodwin began prac- tice as a physician and surgeon at Raleigh. Those have been years of real service. He has worked constantly and unselfishly not only for the good of the profession but for the welfare of humanity, and consequently it is hardly possible to measure his career accurately by the honors and distinctions he has won, considerable though they are. Born at Raleigh September 15, 1863, Doctor Goodwin apart from his own important attain- ments in the profession has a very interesting an- cestry. He is a member of a family that has been in America more than three centuries. His line- age goes back through numerous generations to Sir John Goodwin, whom the Colonial history of Old Virginia states, was member of one of the expeditions that came to that colony in the year 1607. Between the historic figure and later gen- erations one link is missing in the genealogy, and Doctor Goodwin has so far not found time to make the research required in the colonial records of Virginia to supply the data, though of the fact itself there is no reasonable doubt. Doctor Goodwin also had a Revolutionary an- cestor. This was William Goodwin, who was born in North Carolina in 1739 and died in Wake County of this state in 1837. His 'patriotic service was rendered as a private in the First North Carolina Batfalion, and he afterwards re-enlisted. The North Carolina colonial records, Vol. 16, page 1066, show his enlistment as a private in 1777, while Vol. 15, page 750, show his re-enlistment in 1779. He was a man of remarkable vigor and vitality, as is shown by the fact that he lived to be almost a century old. In 1763, in Chatham County, North Carolina, he married Winifred Thoroughalkile. Their children were named Demsey, Jesse, Henry, Alstey, William, James, Nancy, Elizabeth, John, Martha, Rebecca and Winifred. Among these ttie line is carried to Doctor Good- win through the son William, who married Sallie Straight. She died in 1871. The next generation was represented by Simeon P. Goodwin, who was born in 1820 and died in 1901. He married in 1843 Adelia Yates, who was born in 1820 and died in 1903. They were the parents of Doctor Good- win, who is therefore a great-grandson of the patriot who was with the North Carolina troops in the establishment of independence. Doctor Goodwin's father was a carpenter by trade and also a farmer. Doctor Goodwin re- mained at home during his early years, and in- stead of attending school had the advantages of instruction from his cultured mother. He grew up in a period of North Carolina history when the state was still poor from the devastations caused by the war, and he therefore came into intimate fellowship with toil when a boy. He worked on the farm and after he entered school he paid his own way by work in vacation terms. He entered the public schools in 1878, at the age of fifteen, and later was a student in the Raleigh Male Academy. He remained in school until he was twenty and also had special instruction outside the regular school courses under Professor Fray, a very eminent educator. He borrowed money to pay his expenses through medical school, and thus a stead- fast ambition has brought him to the high posi- tion he now enjoys in medical circles. For fifteen months Doctor Goodwin studied medicine under Dr. W. I. Royster at Raleigh. In September, 1885, he entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York City and was gradu- ated M. D. in 1887. In April of the same year he began his long and fruitful practice at Raleigh. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 347 On June 29, 1887, he married Love C. Haughton, a daughter of Haywood and Adelaide (Hinton) Haughton. They are the parents of one son and one daughter. Six months after beginning practice Doctor Goodwin was given the Chair of Anatomy and demonstrated anatomy in the Leonard Medical College at Raleigh, and was visiting and con- sulting physician to the Leonard Medical School Hospital for twenty-two years. In 1900 he was elected visiting and consulting physician to St. Agnes Hospital. He was also lecturer on anatomy and surgical anatomy to the Training School for Xurses, and for a number of years was physician in chief to St. Agnes Hospital. He also served as consulting and visiting physician to Bex Hospital at Raleigh. For fifteen years Doctor Goodwin did special X-Ray work. In 1902 he was made professor of Dermatology and Genito- urinary Diseases and Physical Diagnosis to the Raleigh Medical University, a branch of the Uni- versity of North Carolina. He has served as presi- dent, secretary and treasurer of the Raleigh Acad- emy of Medicine and is a member of the Wake County and North Carolina Medical societies and the American Medical Association. Doctor Goodwin enjoys the Country Club as one of its charter members. Religiously he has been a member of the Baptist Church, in which he was reared, for years has been a constant and active member of Sunday school, and now belongs to the First Baptist Church of Raleigh. He was instrumental and active in originating the Carolina Trust Bank, which was sold to the Mer- chants National Bank, and was on its board of directors some time. He is a. charter member and director of the Morris Plan Company of Raleigh. Doctor Goodwin was greatly interested in Toung Men 's Christian Association work at Raleigh, is a member of the Order of Modern Pur- itans, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is active in the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce. Judge James Iredell, who was a member of the LTnited States Supreme Court from 1790 until his death ten years later, was born in Sussex County, England, October 5, 1751, oldest child of Francis and Margaret (McCulloh) Iredell. His father was a Bristol merchant, while his mother was a member of the McCulloh family that owned vast estates in North Carolina colony. The father becoming impoverished, James Iredell at the age of sixteen was through the influence of his mother 's relatives appointed in 1768 to the office of comptroller of the customs at Edenton, North Carolina. His age was carefully concealed from the British authorities, though he rendered a most creditable account of himself while in office. Thus the boy of tender years crossed the ocean to a new and wild country and soon became a part of the little village of Edenton. He was accepted into the society of the best families of the town, including that of Samuel Johnston, under whom he subsequently studied law. On July 18, 1773, he married Hannah Johnston, sister of his legal preceptor. Her example and influence more than all else shaped his future career. She was a loving wife, a prudent and faithful adminis- trator of the household, and a wise and able friend and counselor to whom he ever brought the full story of his joys and triumphs, his sorrows and reverses. December 14, 1770, James Iredell received a li- cense to practice law in the Inferior Courts and on November 26, 1771, was licensed to practice in the Superior Court. During the years that immediately followed he found himself in active sympathy with the tide of revolutionary ferment that was growing stronger and stronger in all the colonies and became an active but silent par- ticipator and adviser in the councils of the revolu- tionary leaders in North Carolina. Though not a member, he was present and an adviser at the Second Provincial Congress of April, 1775, and in November, 1776, was appointed by the Con- gress one of the commissioners to revise the laws of the state. In November, 1777, law courts were re-established in North Carolina and in December of the same year he was elected one of the first judges of the free and independent state of North Carolina. He was then barely twenty-six years of age. July 8, 1779, the governor appointed him attorney-general of North Carolina to fill the vacancy. As attorney-general he followed the judges through their laborious rounds through the wilderness over swollen rivers, through every kind of weather, and performed adequately all the duties of his office and at a meager compensation until 1782, when the war being over he resigned to become ' ' a private lawyer. ' ' He soon had a large practice, and at the same time his work as a lawyer and publicist counted heavily in the settlement of some of the most mixed problems of early state affairs. He was a lawyer in some of the most celebrated cases. In November, 1787, he was appointed by the General Assembly a member of the council and sole commissioner to revise and compile the acts of the General Assemblies of the Late Province of North Carolina. This work was always known as Iredell's Revisal. He was one of the most able and energetic advocates of the adoption of the new federal constitution in 1787, and it is said that his labor and eloquence contributed more than anything else to the ratification in November, 1789. In the meantime his fame had spread abroad. President Washington, recognizing his great abilities by his debate in the North Carolina Convention for the adoption of the con- stitution, nominated him for a seat on the Supreme Bench of the United States February 10, 1790. His nomination was indorsed by the Senate the same day and he took his seat in the August term of 1790. Thus his learning and abilities were impressed upon that court in many of its primary decisions in the interpretation of the constitution, and some of his opinions and arguments may be found in the cases of Chisholm vs. Georgia, Calder vs. Bull, Penhallow vs. Doane, Hylton vs. United States, Ware vs. Hylton and Talbot vs. Johnson. "Unquestionably he was the ablest constitutional lawyer on the bench until the advent of Marshall, and in all other respects the equal of Justice Wilson. While his labors upon the Supreme Bench were but light, those of the Circuit were arduous and exhausting — his circuit at one time compelling him to travel eighteen hundred miles " In the summer of 1799 his honorable life was nearly spent. The severe labors of the circuit and the climatic influence of the sickly region in which he lived and traveled had undermined his constitution and his health gave way. He died at Edenton September 20, 1799. "The immature lad of seventeen, torn by stress of fortune from a gentle home and transplanted in a strange and wild land — springing in a day into the maturity of manhood, rising abrubtly into the full radiance 348 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA of public life — called in rapid succession from one high office to another until he had exhausted all, and filling all with equal roundness, until at the last, weary and worn, he sinks into rest followed by the love and respect of all. ' ' Thomas Nixon. When, more than a century and a quarter ago, George Washington said ' ' Agriculture is the most useful as well as the most honorable occupation of man, ' ' he uttered a great and significant truth and one which holds good today. The vocation of farming forms the ■ basis of all business prosperity, and the life of the agriculturist whose operations are con- ducted in an intelligent and energetic manner is the life of independence. However, not all pos- sess the abilities necessary for success in this vocation, and very few have attained the pros- perity that has come to Thomas Nixon, who, with the exception of a short period in his youth, has devoted his entire eareer to the tilling of the soil and is now one of the most substantial men of the agricultural class to be found in Perqui- mans County. Thomas Nixon is himself a product of the farming community in which he now resides, having been born on the family homestead in Perquimans County October 12, 1869. His par- ents were Thomas and Cornelia (Townsend) Nixon, honorable and honored farming people, who passed their entire lives in this community, rounding out successful careers and laboring to such good effect that they accumulated a good property, were able to pass their declining years in retirement and comfort, and won and held the respect and esteem of their fellow-citizens. The country schools furnished Thomas Nixon, the younger, with his early educational training, following which he entered what was then known as the New Gordon High School, but is now Gilliford College. Upon the completion of his studies he began to teach school, and would no doubt have continued and succeeded as an edu- cator, but the death of his father called him home after he had taught only one term, and, taking over the reins of management, he began to carry on the work from the point where his father left off. That he has been successful in his operations is shown in the fact that he is now the owner of 700 acres in Perquimans County and supervises operations on about 800 acres more, and of this land 700 acres are under culti- vation. His farm is equipped with modern buildings, substantial and attractive, and other improvements have been installed, while the work is done with the latest improved machinery and the most approved modern methods. He has made a study of his vocation and treats it more as a profession than merely as a means of gain- ing a livelihood, and for this reason he has suc- ceeded in greater measure than some of his less progressive brethren. Mr. Nixon has other interests and is a director of the Hertford Bank- ing Company. He is public-spirited in his sup- port of movements for the general welfare and has done his share in assuming the responsi- bilities and labors of citizenship, although he has never cared for public office and takes only a voter 's interest in political parties and their conflicts. Mr. Nixon was married December 21, 1897, to Miss Edna Jones Graubery, and to this union there have been born four children: Julian Grau- bery, Marjory Graubery, Dorothy Graubery and Edna Jones. Mr. and Mrs. Nixon and their children belong to the Episcopal Church. The family is highly esteemed in the community, where its members are recognized as desrable acquisitions of society. John Ckoom Eodman, M. D. The distinguished abilities and service of Doctor Rodman of Wash- ington have made him most prominently known in the field of surgery and medicine. He is a man of many prominent associations' in his profession and is, also, well known in social and patriotic organizations. Doctor Eodman was born December 27, 1870, a son of Judge William Blount Eodman and Camilla D. Croom, his wife. He received his education in the best private and public schools of that time. He entered the University of North Carolina in the fall of 1888 and remained there for two years ; and later he entered the medical department of the University of New York, the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and received his degree from that institution in the spring of 1892. He returned im- mediately to his home in Washington, North Caro- lina, where he began the practise of his profession, in which he has had abundant success both as a physician and surgeon. Dr. Eodman 's services have been as follows : Member of the North Carolina State Board of Medical Examiners, 1908 to 1914; chief surgeon Washington and Vandemere Eailroad (N. C), 1905; member A. M. A.,' North Carolina Medical Society (vice president), 1904; Seaboard Medical Association, secretary, 1889, president, 1906; Beau- fort County Medical Society ; Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity; Sons of Confederate Veterans, com- mander, North Carolina Div., 1902-3; in politics democrat; Episcopalian; Mason; member of local club of Elks, member of the Knights of Pythias; also served as president of North Carolina Society of Sons of the American Eevolution. He was ap- pointed acting assistant surgeon of Public Health Service in July, 1895, and is still in the service, and was appointed in December, 1917, by Presi- dent Wilson chairman of the Medical Advisory Board for District No. 17 of North Carolina. June 7, 1904, Doctor Eodman married Olzie Whitehead Clark, of Wilson, North Carolina, and they are the parents of five children: John Croon, Jr., Olzie Clark, Archie Clark, Owen Guion and Clark Eodman. Ealeigh Eutherford Hatnes. ' ' Peace hath her victories no less renowned than war, ' ' and among those whose names deserve to stand high on the roll of honor in North Carolina for their achieve- ments in peace is Ealeigh Eutherford Haynes, a native of Eutherford County, where he was bora on June 30, 1851. His father was Charles H. Haynes, a fanner in that county, a deputy sheriff, and a neighborhood teacher. His mother was Sarah, a daughter of Elijah Walker, a man of considerable means, a slave-holder, whose farm was near Ellenboro in the same county. Mrs. Haynes bore her husband eight children, Ealeigh being the fourth child and the eldest son; and he was only eight years of age when his father died in 1859. Mrs. Haynes was possessed of a good mind, and was eminently practical, but particularly was she even-tempered, and noted for her amiability and gentleness, and for the wisdom and foresight with which she trained her children. From early youth Ealeigh became helpful to his mother on the farm, /U t fO v nLf^t^t^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 349 studying his lessons at night, so that by the time he was twenty he had become a capable man. He then went to Union County, South Carolina, to learn how to cultivate cotton. After two years he returned to his home at Ferry, and added to his farming operations both a store and a saw mill. This beginning was indicative of his enter- prise, his energy and his capacity. He was success- ful from the start. He planned thoughtfully and acted prudently and wisely. His mother had counselled him, "never go security, never act as guardian, nor hold office,'' and observing her in- junctions, he avoided pitfalls and, while interested in public matters, he was not led by them away from his business. He was happily married on January 29, 1874, to Amanda Carpenter, a daughter of Tennessee Car- penter, a well-known citizen of the county. They were both consecrated Christians, and for sixteen years she was a helpmate to him, indeed, their lives being happy and fortunate. She bore him eight children, and on her death in 1890, he became both father and mother to them, exercising such tender care and affection for them that his guid- ance had the happiest influences on their lives. Later he married Litia Kelley, who, however, died childless in about a year. As the years passed and Mr. Haynes prospered, he invested in lands until he was known as one of the largest landowners in that part of the state; and his reputation for wisdom, prudence, and suc- cess constantly grew. Near by was the old High Shoals land on the Second Broad River, embrac- ing many acres, chiefly a wilderness of vines, thorn bushes and bamboo, but with much valuable timber and a fine undeveloped water power. This he purchased in 1885, and for two years he employed himself in getting it in order, cleaning up the farming land, building tenement houses, and clear- ing off the river banks, with the ultimate purpose of developing the water power and erecting a mill of some kind, the nature of which he had not then determined. But in July, 1887, in pursuance of his well de- fined purpose, he, along with others, began the work of building the Henrietta Mills, and he was a liberal subscriber to the capital stock of this corporation, ami did a large part of the work in getting things in shape and in constructing a large number of tenements surrounding the mill. This work covered a period of five or six years. About eight years after the Henrietta Mills was started, Mr. Haynes and his associates began to build Henrietta Mills Number Two, at Caroleen, and in this connection he cliil a great deal of work in obtaining the land needed, having surveys of the power made, and he built the first hundred tenements, besides start- ing up a store at this point and assisting in many other ways. In 1897 he bought the necessary land and built the Florence Mills at Forest City, the same being named for his oldest daughter, but later on he sold out his holdings in this mill with satisfactory advantage to himself, but never dis- posed of his interest in the Henrietta Mills, owning about one-twentieth of the whole at the time of his death. But it was in 1900 that he selected a site for another mill, lower down on Second Broad River, in a wilderness where once, when a lad, he had been lost, and where there was a great volume of water running to waste. He discerned the rare possibilities of the location, and there he determined to lav the foundations of a treat enterprise. In- deed, he was a dreamer of dreams, but withal a man of sound practical judgment. In the depth of his hazel blue eyes there shone a light of a master-builder; and in the energy of his clear and wonderful brain was found the basis of suc- cessful achievement. His conception was not merely to build another mill and to create another industrial center, but to gather about it an orderly community of happy, God-fearing working people, enjoying all the conveniences and comforts of improved social conditions. Such was the vision he saw, and it became the dream of his life. To this consummation he devoted his energies. Still he had other and diversified interests. He was associated in many enterprises. He was concerned in an extensive lumber business in Eastern Caro- lina and in Georgia; in a line of general stores; had large banking interests, being president of the Haynes Bank at Henrietta, president of the Commercial Bank at Rutherfordton, director of the Charlotte National Bank, and of the Southern Loan & Savings Bank, Charlotte, but his chief interest centered around Cliffside, where he alone could see the beginning, and far into the future possibilities of his dream. Here from a once barren waste has sprung the largest gingham mill under one roof in the South, with a prosperous, beautiful town of happy people about it. The Cliffside Mill is built on Second Broad River, and the "Falls" afford most of the power necessary to run the machinery, the balance being generated on the ground. Seven thousand five hun- red bales of cotton are used yearly, and 70,000 yards, or forty miles, of gingham a're turned out daily. The mill does its own coloring and finish- ing and the product is ready for the jobbers when it leaves the mill. Two classes of gingham are manufactured, the Cliffside, a staple gingham, and the Haynes, a standard. Near the mill entrance are seesaws Mr. Haynes had built for the children, and nearby are the offices which harbor the brain power of the mill and in which the clerical work is transacted. Across the street are the company's store and a library built of red brick. Then there are the moving picture hall, Cliffside hotel, postoffice, bank, garage, flower mill, skating rink, ice factory and a steam laundry. The water supply of Cliffside is the boast of the town, and has played an important part in its remarkable health record. Cliffside has three churches, picturesque and substantial where services are largely attended and the children carefully trained. _An ideal graded school, with six teachers, gives 350 children, six or eight months ' Instruction each year. The doetors, also, instruct the children, giving addresses on health, personal cleanliness and the right mode of living. The broad streets of the town are lined with trees and finely cropped hedges. The four hundred prettily built and neatly painted houses flanking the streets are homelike and attractive with flowers growing in profusion, for Mr. Haynes offered prizes every year for the most beautiful yards and neatest kept premises. The houses are lighted with electricity and the sanitary arrangements are the best. The people take pride in the furnishings of their homes, many having pianos as well as auto- mobiles. They have regular clean-up-days for their premises, and a visitor invariably notes the spot- less appearance of the whole town. In these homes live a contented, healthy, indus- trious, law-abiding, God-fearing people. They are 350 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA an independent people, too, for in 1917 the Cliff- side operatives had on deposit with the Mill Com- pany $51,000, at 6 per cent interest. In the past ten years seventy-five or more fam- ilies have moved away to farms they had bought with money saved at the mill. Many have gone from the mill to bigger things. You find them in the schoolroom as instructors; in the pulpit as min- isters of that Gospel the quiet man who founded Cliffside ever tried to practice in his daily life, for Ealeigh Haynes carried his religion into his busi- ness. He felt that this was the way to serve his generation. He sought to make his Cliffside peo- ple ideal by banishing ignorance, poverty and pain, and by teaching them to love God supremely and their neighbors as themselves. He not only be- lieved in justice as a principle but he practiced it. It was the rule of his life. Such characteristics and purposes in life de- served the highest measure of human achievement, and indeed it was graciously vouchsafed him. He attributed his success to such maxims as : Always to be truthful; pay every cent you owe; always keep at something; have plenty of energy; never give up, and then, most of all, he said, "I never engage in anything that I did not go to God and ask Him to prosper that business as He thought best, and my advice to all is not to engage in any- thing in which you are not willing to ask God 's help. ' ' His marked Bible shows from whence he drew his strength. This verse marked "Sept. 23, 1903," lets one see where he caught the vision of the ideal mill town : ' ' Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness and his chambers by wrong; that useth his neighbor's service without wages and giveth him not for his work. ' ' He was at all times the friend, counsellor and helper of his people, and they loved him and helped him realize his vision. Mr. Haynes had been a great sufferer for some thirty years, yet he did not let it interfere with his duties. In the summer of 1916 he became ill, but the autumn found him back at Cliffside much improved, and the weeks went by into Christmas when all his children and grandchildren gathered to his spacious and well appointed home. After the greetings of joy and love he sat apart as usual in the quiet of his own room. After his death, hidden away among his papers, letters were found written that night. That in his heart he had heard the "long dis- tance call ' ' is evident and his house was set in order. He felt that ten years more were needed to perfect things he had planned, and willed that the property be left intact that long under the guidance of his son, Charles, who is a worthy successor of such a father. One last word he had to say that Christinas night : ' ' I just want to say that I know full well that some of these days I shall have to give up this life. All of us will have to, how soon none can tell, and it is no doubt best that we do not know. ' ' I want to say in this connection that I feel that I have done my duty to my family and loved ones and to my country. It is true that I have had many obstacles, but I have discharged my duty as best I could. ' ' I hope that the undeveloped plans I have laid may all some day be complete and the country blessed and benefited by them and that my friends and loved ones be blessed in many ways and that they be better men and women, and that they can and will serve their country as best they can, and serve each other in a way that is right, and we all may meet by and by up yonder where we can live as an unbroken family in heaven * * * j ; February found him at his Florida home in St. Petersburg, accompanied by his youngest son, Grover Cleveland. Eeturning late in the afternoon from an outing in his car February 6, 1917, he talked to a man in the yard about his drive and seemed most cheerful. He then turned to go into the house, and at that instant death claimed him with a smile on his face, a smile his family say that lingered even when he was brought back home again. His life teaches what a man may do. His zeal and high ideals inspire one. The school, the- churches, the mill, the town and country sustained a heavy loss and on his children and on the leaders of the town has fallen a great responsibility. Real- izing this, a memorial service was held at the Bap- tist Church February 11, 1917, and the leaders in all of the works with warm devotion, fervid zeal and untiring efforts, laid themselves on the altar of service. This is in brief the life's activities of Ealeigh Rutherford Haynes, a patriotic and successful North Carolinian, combining in his name the Cap- itol city of his Commonwealth, and his well-beloved native ' county, and embodying in his character those traits and qualities which make men great. It may truthfully be said of him: "While yet in love with life and raptured with the world, he passed to silence and pathetic dust. Tet after all it may be the best, just in the hapiest, sunniest hour of all the voyage, while eager winds are kiss- ing every sail, to dash against the unseen rock and in an instant hear the billows roar above a sunken ship. For whether in mid-sea or 'mong the break- ers of the farther shore, a wreck at last must mark the end of each and all and every life, no matter if its every hour is rich with love, and every mo- ment jewelled with joy, will at its close become a tragedy as sad and deep and dark as can be- woven of the warp and woof of mystery and death." Clyde R Hoet. Joseph Adolphus Williams is an educator by- profession, took up school work when a young man and has steadily increased his opportunities and his abilities by experience and by attendance at the higher institutions of learning. He is now the capable superintendent of the graded schools of Clinton. Mr. Williams was born at Bladenboro in Bladen County, North Carolina, December 30, 1873. His people were substantial farmers of Gladen County, he being the son of Charles Wesley and Abigail (Lennon) Williams. He grew up on a farm, attended the public schools at Bladenboro, includ- ing the high school, the Robinson Institute at Lumbertnn and subseouently finished his collegiate work in Wake Forest College, from which he holds the degree A. B., and by advanced work during vacations he was granted the Master of Arts de- gree by Columbia University at New York in 1916. Mr. Williams began as a teacher in the public schools, and since 1903 much of his work has been in high schools or as superintendent. He was principal and superintendent of Stineeon Institute, of the Spencer graded schools, of the Greensboro High School, and in 1914 was elected to his present post as superintendent of the Clinton HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 351 graded school system. He has done much to im- prove the curriculum and raise the standards of the local schools at Clinton, and these are now among the best in the state. Mr. Williams is a member of the North Caro- lina Teachers Assembly, and fraternally is affiliated with the Masonic Order, the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist church and teacher of the Baraca class at Clinton. Mr. Williams married, June 2, 1915, Miss Florence Nightingale Page, of Morrisville, North Carolina. William Gassaway Gaither, Jr. While it would be transcending the bounds of exact reality to state that this is the young man 's age, cer- tain it is that of recent times, men of the younger generation have come to occupy positions and shoulder responsibilities held and assumed before only by men many years their senior. Elizabeth City has its full quota of progressive young man- hood in business circles, and in this class one of those who stands undoubtedly among the leaders is William Gassaway Gaither, Jr., whose im- portant and varied connections make him one of the best known figures in the business world of the county seat of Pasquotank County. He is a native son of the Old North state, and was born at Hertford, December 2, 1887, his parents being William Gassaway and Elizabeth (Skinner) (Wood) Gaither. The father of Mr. Gaither was for many years an educator well known at Hertford, and in his later life became connected with the steamboat business, but during the son 's boyhood the fam- ily was in modest financial circumstances, and after the youth had received an ordinary edu- cation in the public schools he began contributing to his own support when only twelve years of age. His first employment was as a messenger, in addition to which he did odd jobs around the depot at Hertford, and as he was ambitious and obliging, and always willing to undertake any honorable task that presented itself, he was able to make noticeable and rapid advancement. From messenger he was promoted to freight clerk, and later to ticket agent and telegraph operator, which positions he held when still in his j'outh. He had fixed his goal far ahead, however, and when the opportunity presented itself, in his eighteenth year, he accepted the position of book- keeper with the Hertford Banking Company, for the duties of which he had prepared himself by study while working at his other employment. He rose in this institution to the position of assistant cashier, but June 10, 1909. resigned this office and came to Elizabeth City to become assistant cashier of the First National Bank. On May 1. 1912, he was elected cashier, an office in which he served until June 12, 1918, when he re- signed to enter the Virginia Military Institute Training Camp to fit himself for service in the army. He was at Camp Wadsworth, South Caro- lina, and was recommended for entrance to an Officers' Training School. On September 10th he was transferred to the Central Officers' Training School at Camp Lee, Virginia, from which camp, after the signing of the armistice, he was honor- ably discharged from the service. Upon returning home Mr. Gaither was elected a director and active vice-president of the institution with which he was formerly connected, assuming his new du- ties December 16, 1918. On various occasions Mr. Gaither has con- nected himself with enterprises with names of importance in the business world, and is inter- ested in a number of prominent concerns, in several fields, being president of the Albemarle Motor Company, a partner in the Automobile and Gas Engine Works, treasurer of the Highland Park Besidential Company, and a director in the Elizabeth City Cotton Mills, the Culpepper,. Griffin, Old & Grice Company, fire insurance and bonds, and the D. M. Jones Company, a hard- ware concern. Aside from business life, he has played no inactive part in progressive advance- ment of the city of his adoption, being a director of the Young Men 's Christian Association, and a member of the Pasquotank County Council of National Defense. His religious faith makes Mr. Gaither an Episcopalian, and he was a vestry- man and also served in the capacity of church treasurer. He also served as a member of the board of aldermen of Elizabeth City, and the justly high esteem in which he is held by his business associates and others is shown in tlie fact that on two occasions he has been elected president of the Chamber of Commerce. As a. fraternalist, Mr. Gaither is past exalted ruler of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On November 7, 1917, he was married to Miss Helen Virgilia Robinson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Robinson, of Elizabeth City. Robert R. Ragan probably sustains more active and responsible relations with the larger business affairs in High Point and that section of the state than any other individual. A dozen or more manu- facturing and business enterprises and banks value him as one of their directors, and in several of these concerns he is one of the chief executive officials. Mr. Ragan was born at High Point, son of Amos and Martha (English) Ragan. His paternal grand- parents were Joseph- and Elizabeth (Paine) Ragan, while his maternal grandparents were Thomas and Mildred (Tomlinson) English. His father, a native of Davidson County, moved to Guilford County when a young man and bought a farm. During the war between the states he carried the mail between Bennettsville and Winston-Salem. He was a very alert and pro- gressive business man, carried on a large enter- prise as a farmer and stock raiser and stood high in the esteem of a large community. He lived on his farm until his death. His widow is still living on the old homestead. They had a family of thir- teen children, named Susan, Minnie, Walter, Ed- ward, Joseph, William, Robert R., James L., Hor- ace S., Annie, Homer, Catherine and Martha. Martha died at the age of seven years, Joseph at twenty-five, and Minnie aged twenty-two. Robert R. Ragan grew up on a farm and in a rural environment. From the district schools he entered Trinity High School, and from there car- ried his studies to the medical department of the University of North Carolina. He had been in medical school two years when an opportunity to take an active part in business at High Point ap- pealed to him and he gave up altogether the idea of becoming a physician. This opportunity was presented through the pur- chase by his father and O. E. Kearns of the stock and good will of the Beeson Hardware Company at High Point. Mr. Ragan was given an interest in the business, and that is his oldest active busi- ness relationship with High Point. He finally bought the interests of Mr. Kearns and later those 352 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA of his father, and is now proprietor of this large and well known hardware establishment. He is also president of the Consolidated Veneer and Panel Company, president of the North Caro- lina Wheel Company, and is a director of the fol- lowing industries and business organizations: Highland Cotton Mills, Pickett Cotton Mills, High Point Buggy Company, High Point Hosiery Com- pany, Crown Hosiery Company, Hill Veneer Com- pany, Union Furniture Company, Giant Furniture Company, the Commercial National Bank and the High Point Savings and Trust Company. At the present time Mr. Ragan is building a mill at Thomasville to be operated as the Kagan Knitting Mill. He was reared in the Friends church and still holds to that faith. Fraternally he is affiliated with Guilford Council No. 23, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and High Point Be- nevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Polit- ically he is a republican. Nelson Whitford Taylor. The character of an able business man and man of large affairs has been ably sustained by Nelson W. Taylor at Beau- fort for a number of years. Mr. Taylor practically grew up in the atmosphere of business, since his father was a merchant at Beaufort and in his ma- ture experience has reached out and acquired in- terests that place him readily among the leading men of the state. Mr. Taylor was born in Beaufort, North Caro- lina, September 7, 1856, a son of George Washing- ton and Sidney Ann (Bragg) Taylor. His father was quite a successful man, owned and operated farm lands and was also a hotel proprietor and merchant. The son after attending the public schools at Beaufort entered his father's general merchandise store and his experience there enabled him to start in business for himself. After some years he left the retail grocery busi- ness to become a wholesale merchant, and success in one line has brought him rapidly accumulating interests in others. For a number of years he was in the fish and oyster canning business. At the present time Mr. Taylor owns the Beau- fort Grocery Company; is president of the Beau- fort Banking anil Trust Company; president of the Davis Canning Company; is president of t.ie Armstrong Grocery Company of Newbem, North Carolina; is director in various other commercial organizations and was formerly president of the Scott Register Company. He is vice president of the Morehead City Ice and Transportation Com- pany. He has given much of his time to the duties and burdens of public office. From 1888 to 1900 he served continuously, a period of twelve years, as county treasurer of Carteret County. In 1901-02 he was a member of the Legislature from this county. He has also served as mayor of Beaufort and as a member of the City Council. Mr. Taylor is senior warden of the St. Paul's Episcopal Church and for twenty-five years was superinten- dent of its Sunday school. He also belongs to the Knights of Harmony. In 1880 he married Miss Mary C. Buckman, of Beaufort. They have six children, most of whom are grown and several are acquitting themselves with credit in business lines. Cecil B., the oldest, is now assistant auditor of the United Fruit Com- pany of Boston, Massachusetts; Bayard is a busi- ness associate of his father; Sidney Elizabeth is Mrs. A. D. O 'Bryan, of Beaufort; Nannie Davis is Mrs. W. K. Hinnant, of Beaufort; Nelson Whitford, Jr., and George Edward are both students in the University of North Carolina. Michael Penn Cummings, M. D. While he has been a very busy man professionally since enter- ing upon the active practice of medicine and surgery at Reidsville, Dr. Cummings has not neglected those broader social and community interests that are dependent upon the exercise of individual public spirit, and among other responsi- bilities is now serving his fourth consecutive year as mayor of Reidsville. Doctor Cummings was born on a farm in New Bethel Township of Rockingham County, March 14, 1887. He is a son of Michael P. Cummings, Sr. His early life was spent on a farm and his early education was acquired in rural schools mder private tutors and from Oak Ridge Insti- tute. In 1903 he entered the University of North Carolina, graduated Ph. B. in 1907, and. then con- tinued for two years a student in the Medical Department. His final courses in medicine were carried in the Jefferson Medical College of Phila- delphia, where he was graduated M. D. in 1911. The following year he supplemented his university training by service in the Jefferson Hospital. It was with this training as a ground work that he entered upon his active career at Reidsville. In 1913 Dr. Cummings married Besse Grove. She was born in Center County, Pennsylvania. Doctor and Mrs. Cummings have one son, Michael Penn, Jr. Doctor Cummings is a member in good standing of the Rockingham County and North Carolina State Medical Societies. He is affiliated with Reidsville Lodge No. 384, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Chapter No. 13, Royal Arch Masons, Ivanhoe Commandery No. 8, Knights Templar, Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and is also affiliated with Reidsville Lodge No. 49, Knights of Pythias, Loyal Order of Moose, Reids- ville Council, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and the Dramatic Order of Knights of Khorassan. Herbert Pennel Moselet, M. D. The great war has already called into its ranks some of the brightest young men in the medical profession, and among them was Dr. Herbert Pennel Moseley, who accepted a commission with the rank of first lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps and gave up a very promising general practice as a physician and surgeon after less than three years of residence at Farmville, with which community he had become identified in a way that already made him accounted one of the prominent younger members of the profession in Pitt County. Doctor Moseley was born in Lenoir County, North Carolina, November 12, 1888, a son of William Octavius and Fannie D. (Wooten) Moseley. His father is a farmer and merchant. Doctor Mosely was educated in the public schools of Kinston, attended the Agricultural and Me- chanical College at Raleigh, and from there en- tered the University College of Medicine at Richmond, Virginia, where he received his Doc- tor of' Medicine degree in June, 1912. The next year and a. half he spent in further equipping himself for private practice as house physician and surgeon of St. Vincent 's Hospital at Nor- folk, Virginia. Then, in 1914, he located at Farmville and while engaged in a general prac- tice was specializing in surgery. He served as local surgeon of the Norfolk & Southern Rail- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 353 Doctor Moseley is a member of the County, State, Seaboard and Tri-State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. Fra- ternally he is a York Bite Mason and Shriuer and also a Knight of Pythias. William Eaton Fenner. What corn is to Illinois, tobacco is to North Carolina. The growing of this aromatic plant and its subsequent handling until ready to be offered to the consumer forms one of the great industries of the South and is a source of untold wealth. Nevertheless, it is a ca- pricious weed and conditions must be just right and its curing carried on in a certain careful way, or it neither grows abundantly or repays the leaf tobacco men for their work. The history of to- bacco in the past proves that prior to the great World war the United States produced two-thirds of all the tobacco used in the world, and there is reason to suppose, because of agricultural neglect for several years in Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany, that this country will ultimately pro- duce all, at least for a time. One of the leading tobacco men at Eocky Mount is William Eaton Fenner, who is in the tobacco leaf business and carries on extensive operations. William Eaton Fenner was born at Halifax, North Carolina, November 30, 1878. He is a son of John H. and Clara (Ferebee) Fenner, the form- er of whom is a farmer in Chatham County. Wil- liam E. Fenner attended the public schools, Wake Forest College and the Agricultural and Mechan- ical College at Raleigh. His whole business career has been connected with the tobacco industry. After three years experience as a clerk at Tarboro, Mr. Fenner was a tobacco auctioneer for one year and then spent two years as tobacco buyer at En- field, North Carolina, acting there for the Imperial Tobacco Company (Limited) of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1904 Mr. Fenner came to Rocky Mount and for the following five years was a partner in the firm of E. H. Evens & Company, and then estab- lished the W. E. Fenner Warehouse. Mr. Fenner has developed a great business. His first ware- house has dimensions of 130x230 feet and he se- cured also a house next door and in one year pur- chased the Leas house, this giving him an area of 234x480 feet. He also owns a stemmery with dimensions of 70x100 feet. The entire plant is operated by steam and the most modern methods are made use of. In one year alone Mr. Fenner purchased seven million pounds of leaf tobacco. He is probably one of the best judges of growing leaf in the state. Mr. Fenner was married June 1, 1904, to Miss Anna Howard Baker, who is a daughter of Dr. Julian Baker, and they have one son, Julian Baker Fenner. Mr. Fenner is a public spirited citizen but is not exceedingly active in politics. He is a thirty-sec- ond degree Mason and belongs also to the Mystic Shrine and additionally is identified with the Ben- evolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the United States Tobacco Association. He is a man of pleasant address and of social instincts and finds agreeable companionship in his membership in the Sagamore and Country Clubs and in the Wilson Country Club. James Harvey Carson. As a noteworthy addi- tion to the personal and family memoirs in this work, the editors deem it a privilege to include the following autobiography prepared by the late Vol. T— 23 James Harvey Carson for the benefit and instruc- tion of his boys, and containing much of historical interest for others outside the family. Introduction : I have thought it might not prove altogether uninteresting to my wife and boys to read something I had written about my- self — especially, when I am dead and gone. As these memoirs are only intended for the eyes of those who love me, I know they will bring no charge of egotism against one who has never shown it in his actions. Having some idle time in this year of grace 1875, and believing that some employment, how- ever trivial, is better than doing nothing, I have eoneluded to spend some of these idle moments in giving a short account of myself. I do not propose to make any startling dis- closures, or write a romance, as indeed I could do neither, did I confine myself to the truth, and that it is my purpose to do; and if what I suc- ceed in writing turns out to be dull and monot- onous, it will still have one redeeming trait — making it of sufficient interest, I hope (to my fam- ily at least) to repay a perusal. If in reading these pages my boys should find in them anything to make them better citizens or more zealous Christians, my task will surely not have been iu vain; and with the hope that an unseen hand may constrain them to choose the ways that are ways of pleasantness, and the paths that are paths of peace, I will conclude this preface, asking indulgence for any errors that may appear, as it will be written altogether without notes : Charlotte, N. C, June 10, 1875. I was born in Ashe (now Allegheny) County, North Carolina, on the 28th of April, 1830. My parents were poor but honest and indus- trious, and raised a family of eleven children — nine boys and two girls. Their names include Margaret, John, Robert, William and Thomas (twins), Smith, James Harvey, Edwin, Andrew and Edwin. It will be noticed that out of the eleven only one was honored with a double name (which is my own) and two of the children have the same name — the older having died in infancy. The house in which I was born was primitive in style and unpretentious in appearance. If my memory is right, it did not possess a single pane of glass, and I do not think there was a nail in the roof ; and as it was built of logs, there was not, perhaps, one pound of nails, or one dollar's worth of hardware used in its construction, and yet my recollection of it is that it was comfort- able, and as it was in keeping with the style of the neighborhood there was no complaint about it that ever I heard. My parents were Irish, and immigrated to this country about the year 1818. The two eldest children were born in Ireland — the third child, Robert, was born on the passage to this country. With the exception of the first Edwin, all the children lived to be men and women, and all proved to be sober, moral, and religious. All of them except myself grew up without using tobacco in any form and I learned the ac- complishment away from home. My father was a weaver by trade, and every- thing in the wearing line was woven on his loom, save an occasional ' ' store dress ' ' for the girls after they began to have beaux. He was a very good English scholar, and taught school at times during the winter months when no work could be done on the farm. 354 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA As his family began to grow up around him, lie by degrees accumulated enough to build a much better home than the one in which I was born. The new house was looked upon by the neighbors as something grand, and some of them even went so far as to hint that "Squire Car- son ' ' was getting proud. My mother was a small and rather delicate wo- man in appearance, but possessed with great energy, and had enough to do to kill a half dozen women of the present day; but with all her care and work, I never heard a murmur of complaint from her lips. She was said to have been an Irish beauty when young, and I can readily believe it, if the saying is true that "beauty is as beauty does." My father was one of the prominent men in the Baptist Church, and he had family worship every day, and frequently the preachers would stop with him, and would sometimes have preaching at home. Sunday school was conducted regularly either by my father or some member of the fam- ily. It will be seen from this that religious in- struction was not overlooked in our humble home among the mountains, but was observed more strictly than it is today. Having given a hasty sketch of my family, I will now turn more particularly to giving some account of myself. At the age of about seven years I was first sent to a school in the neighborhood, which was taught by my brother John. I was thought to be quick to learn, and I well remember the ' ' spelling bees" we would have at night, and how I was praised for my proficiency in the art. I do not remember now whether I got out of the speller at that school or not, but it is more than probable that was my only text book, as the school lasted but six months; at all events, that was its dura- tion for me, as very important occurrances to me took place the following year. My brother Eobert had been living with uncle William Carson in Mecklenburg County for some seven or eight years, and when he returned on a visit in the summer of 1838, uncle William had sent a mes- sage to father to let me come down to Mecklenburg along with brother Eobert in the fall. Of course the message produced a commotion in the household, and it was some days before a de- cision was reached. My mother objected to let- ting me leave home when so young, fearing (and very justly) the evil influences that would be en- countered among the negroes of so large a plan- tation, with only my brother and uncle (who spent half of his time in Charlotte) to protect me. Finally, after the matter had been discussed pro and con for days by all the family and a good many neighbors, without result, it was left to me to decide for myself, and I decided to go. My mother went to work at once to get me ready for the journey. Her willing hands left nothing undone to fit me out in a becoming manner for the long journey I was about to take. I shall never forget how she worked and wept at the thought of giving me up, and how I wished I had decided differently, but the die was cast, and I felt that it would be an everlasting disgrace to back down from the decision I had deliberately made. Although some thirty-seven years have passed I still have a very distinct recollection of how I felt when I first put on my new clothes for the journey, and with what pride my mother viewed the workmanship of her hands, and how she em- oraced again and again her darling boy. But the day in time came around when, as it turned out, I was to bid a final farewell to my home. The scene can be better imagined than de- scribed. My father, who did not like to show his weakness to the family, embraced me tenderly and bade me good by early in the morning, and went his way into the fields to conceal his emotion, mother was ever present with me, holding me in her arms until the last moment, giving me kind words of advice and counsel when her sobs would permit, until at last we were ready, and I being lifted up behind brother Eobert, we turned our faces reluctantly from our home of happy mem- ories and took the road to Charlotte, which was to be our future home. Such is a hasty history of myself for the first eight years of my life; and my departure from my parents' roof on that bright October morning may be considered my starting point in life, and my debut into the busy world. The journey for one of my years was a trying one, and not soon to be forgotten. I was mounted behind brother Eobert on a saddle blanket, with himself, saddle and saddle bags (which contained all my worldly possessions, except what I had on), in front. Our first stop was at Mr. Bryan's; the journey was over the mountains, and about twenty- five miles from our home. Mr. Bryan lived on the beautiful Yadkin, about two miles from Jones- ville. I remember how helpless I was when I was lifted from my perch to the ground, and had to be led into the house, as I could not walk for sometime after being lifted from the horse. But a night's rest (and it was a sound one) refreshed me wonderfully, and save a soreness about my lower limbs, I was all right. The next day, how- ever, was one of the trying days of my life. We made a distance of forty miles to Statesville on that day. Is it not a wonder that I stood such a trip, traveling as we were' When I was taken off the horse I could not stand, but fell fiat on the ground in front of Harbin 's Hotel, where we put up. I was so sore and exhausted that I could not rest, and though I slept, it was not refreshing, and the. next morning I felt very much like rebelling and refusing to go any further, and wished, oh how ardently, that I had taken my mother 's ad- vice and stayed at home. But I was again put upon my perch for the third day 's journey, and we traveled about thirty-five miles and put up at Dr. Alexander's, about nine miles from Char- lotte. My experience on this day was much like the previous one — my sufferings being great, but somewhat relieved by the reflection that I was nearing my destination, and that the next day would see the end of this long-to-be-remembered journey. I shall surely never forget it! In looking back, it seems but a short time, so indelibly is it stamped upon my memory. On tlie next day — October 15, 1838, we arrived in Charlotte and took dinner (I think) at Amzi McGinn's, who was clerking for uncle William, and that afternoon we went out to the plantation of my uncle, which was seven miles from Char- lotte, in the Steel Creek neighborhood. Thus ended one of the most remarkable jour- neys of my life, and to this day the best remem- bered. I must have been tough to have stood it, but after some painful suffering of perhaps a fortnight's duration, I was all right bodily. The change of scene and place was very striking and novel to me. My uncle, it may be proper to men- tion here, was a bachelor; and although he re- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 355 eeived me kindly, I cannot say that I was very favorably impressed with his reception, as it was in striking contrast to the separation of a few days before; and I had for sometime one of the biggest spells of the blues, I think, that ever fell to the lot of a boy to experience. The presence of a considerable number of negro children, with bare legs and long shirts — evidently as much sur- prised by my appearance as I was astonished and bewildered by their capers, was not calculated to dissipate, but rather to intensify them, and it really seemed for weeks that the malady was be- coming chronic. It may be mentioned here that my father had no negroes until after my uncle William's death, when he purchased a woman and three children at his sale. Until that time my mother and sisters did all the house work, and seemed to do it well. On my uncle 's plantation everything was done by negroes, and it was sometime before I could reconcile myself to eating the food the black hands of the black cook prepared. At that time my uncle owned about fifty negroes, big and little, and it was many a day before I made the ac- quaintance of all, or could tell them apart. Among the number of little imps that so annoyed me at first I may mention Allen, whom all of you know very well, and who has proved to be a good friend to me and my family. At that time he was some four or five years old, with a very long head, very black, as he is still, but always in a good humor. My uncle had a nice farm and made good crops of cotton and corn, which were the leading pro- ductions then, as they continue to be in this part of the country. The cotton field was a novelty, as cotton was not cultivated in the mountains, • and at that time there was very little cotton grown north of Mecklenburg County, North Caro- lina. The first time I saw my uncle's working force altogether was in a cotton field, and if he had not been with me, I think I should have been very much alarmed, but as they did not molest me, I soon gained courage and lost my fear, and, by degrees, as we become accustomed to things we see every day, so I got accustomed to the new order of things around me. It was not long be- fore I learned their names, and by degrees my fears and my blues, too, wore off, and I began to feel myself at home. I had not been with Uncle long until he started me to school in the neighborhood. The teacher, Alexander Johnston, a little, squatty Scotchman, still lives, or did a few months ago. He was little, it was true, but I had very exalted notions of his ability — in fact I thought that he knew it all, and what he did not know was not worth a cent. Con- trary to the custom now, he made all hands "sing out ' ' at the peril of being switched across the knees or back, and the more fuss that was made in "singing out" the happier he became. He joined the school in all their plays, and I thought then that, taking him for all in all, I should never see his like again. He would go home with the scholars in rotation, but I soon noticed that he always came home with me when Uncle was in town : and I remember well the tussles that he and brother Robert would have. They would pull off their coats and set to, as regularly as they would meet, and the falls they would sometimes get was enough, I thought, to break every bone in their bodies, but the contests always seemed to be drawn battles, as neither would admit that the other was the better man. How long I went to this school I have now forgotten, but I do not think it could have exceeded six months. After leaving this school my recollection is that I re- mained on the farm for some months until an- other school master was found for me. My next teacher was a man who is still living, by the name of George Washington McDonald. He taught in one of the little cabins at the ' ' Arbor, ' ' or Harbor as it was called, which was then a great and noted place for Methodist ' ' Camp Meetings, ' ' which are still kept up, I believe, by that denomination. This was some two to two and a half miles from home, which was a long distance for a nine year old boy to go alone through the woods, but I made the trip successfully, and always ou time. Mr. McDonald was a small man with a feminine voice, and a small head, but I thought that if there could, by any possibility, be anything that Alex- ander Johnston did not know, George Washington McDonald did. How pleasant (and fortunate, too) it is to have such confidence in those to whom we look for advice and instruction! If I could only have seen those men as I see and know them now, I doubt if ever I should have gotten out of the spelling book, but my confidence was never shaken until many years had passed away. How men, and everything, in fact, grow small as we grow older, and objects upon which we were wont to gaze with wonder and delight become in after years insig nifi cant! I can well remember that the first time I saw the brick building on the Spring's Corner, and the old jail, I thought they were perfection itself in size, style, height, depth, thickness. In fact I had no idea that there was anything that could surpass them on the habitable globe. And the Mint! And more especially the eagle over the front entrance! It was my firm be- lief then that nothing could surpass it. Mr. Mc- Donald, like Mr. Johnston, made his scholars ' ' sing out, ' ' and it was done in fine style. At a distance of two or three hundred yards from the sehoolhouse the sound was very much like the seven years locusts in an oak grove. Mrs. Mary Wriston was one of the scholars at this school. If I remember correctly, I went about six months to Mr. McDonald, and not long after, sometime in the year 1840, my uncle brought me to Charlotte. This was another great change, and one that brought back the blues almost as much as when I landed at the plantation, a little more than a year ago. My uncle then lived, when in town, on the lot where the Bank of Mecklenburg building and the two buildings immediately above it now stand. His dwelling set back about fifty feet from the street, was a one-story frame building with three rooms, and is now somewhere in town and belongs, I think, to H. G. Springs, who bought the house when it had to be removed to give place to the bank building, which was erected in 1858 or 59, for the branch of the Bank of North Carolina. The store house of my uncle occupied the space now occupied by the two stores above the present bank building. (It may be necessary to mention here that my uncle was a merchant as well as farmer, and spent half of his time in town.) The store room was a two-story frame building to which was attached two sheds, one on the end and the other in the rear, with a fireplace and a small room cut off one end for the clerks to sleep in. The adjoining lot above had a store room on the street — a one-story frame building — and a dwelling house set back some twenty-five or thirty feet from the street. This is the property on which the First National Bank Building and the store room below it now stand. It was owned and operated by James H. Orr, a worthy and an 356 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA upright man, a good neighbor and a Presbyterian elder. He has but one living child, James H. Orr, Jr. It was with his family that my uncle put me to board, and soon after I started to school to a man by the name of R. G. Allison, who had the reputation of being a good teacher, as well as that of being a finished scholar. The school house was a one-story brick building on College Street, and was located on the lot where the residence of W. J. Black now stands. (John B. Boss' home.) I think I shall remember that school long after many subsequent events are forgotten. It was here that I first came into contact with ' ' town boys" — a stranger to them all, and the butt of ridicule to many. It must not be forgotten that my parents were Irish, and not having much inter- course with the outside world in that sparsely settled mountain eountry, their children had the Irish brogue pretty strongly developed. The pe- culiar idiosyncrasy still stuck to me and, though no doubt it afforded much amusement to my tor- mentors, it caused me many hours of misery. My nicknames were numerous, and many were the jokes that were perpetrated at my expense, and I felt that every boy in the school was my enemy. This, perhaps, was in the end, fortunate for me, as it soon instilled a spirit of self reliance which in after years I have found to be of great service. My tormentors gave me but little rest for a long time after I entered the school, but as every- thing earthly has an end, so, by degrees, they be- came less annoying, not, however, until some of them found out that it was not altogether safe to carry their jokes too far. After I had had a good many fights, in which I generally came off with flying colors, the tide in my favor began to set in. Be it understood that I disclaim any merit for courage when, under similar circumstances, the veriest coward would have fought and sometimes shown himself a hero; and I believe I can say with truth that I never provoked a fight, but when I had been forced into it I generally fought out of it in such style as proved satisfactory to the aggressor. When it was discovered in school that the little ' ' freckle- faced Irishman" would fight it was really sur- prising how soon I began to have friends. When my reputation for defending myself became full}' established my tormentors soon vanished, and I had as many friends as I wanted; and, as it was not in my Irish nature to bear malice, I readily accepted their friendship; but the lesson there learned has never been entirely forgotten, and my sympathies have always leaned towards those who have but few friends and who are unjustly snubbed on account of their poverty, or because they do not happen to have rich relations and friends to give them a lift. After my status became fully established in the school I found it very pleasant, and be- came well pleased with my surroundings. The school was quite large, numbering about sixty scholars — some of them grown young men. Of all that number I can name but two besides my- self who now live in Charlotte — M. L. Wriston and John L. Brown. There are others scattered here and there, but the great majority, together with their teacher, have passed over the river; some of them the best friends I ever had — peace to their dust! How soon a generation disappears and is for- gotten. This was the first school I had attended where the sexes were not mixed, and of a grade high enough to prepare for college. I do not know how long I went to Mr. Allison, but it must have been a year or longer. When I left the school I was again taken to the plantation and put iu a school that was taught by a Mr. Cheek in a small log house not far trom big Steel Creek Church. This was, I think, in the year 1842. I had another long walk to and from the school house, but this time its length was materially shortened by having a very pleasant companion part of the way. Her name was Minerva and her father 's house stood on my way to school, and we generally went together and were very good friends. Her father did not have a very good character in the neighborhood, as he had a still-house, and it was thought he traded his whiskey to the negroes for stolen cotton and other things. I know my uncle thought he was a bad man. I well remember a very ingenious theft that was committed on the plantation about this time. Uncle built what he called a wheat house, for storing his wheat. It was a strong log house, with the floor some two feet from the ground, to admit of free circulation of air underneath. He then put his wheat in hogsheads and covered it with a sprinkling of lime to keep off the weevil and fly. After he had stored his crop away securely, as he thought, he soon found an unusual shrinkage in some of the hogsheads, but could detect no evidence of its having been molested — the lime was spread over the tops of the vessels just as he had left it — the lock had not been tampered with, and there was no scattered grain on the floor; but the wheat continued to get lower, and still lower in the hogsheads. This was a mystery a first class detective would have found hard to solve, and it worried Uncle no little. Finally, however, in examining around the granary, he found the clew to the mystery. The thief had crawled under the floor, and with auger had bored holes through the floor and the bottoms of the hogsheads, and plugged up the holes. By pulling out the plugs he could fill his bag when the opportunity presented itself. Uncle thought that this wheat, together with many other things, found its way to neighbor distillery. Nevertheless, I rather liked his daughter, and I thought she was as pretty as anyone I had ever seen. So we continued good friends and com- panions as long as I went to that school. As I was only about twelve years of age, my love did not last very long. At this time there was an encampment of Catawba Indians on the road to the school, and from what tales I had heard of them from the negroes I did not like to pass near their quarters, but finding that I was not molested, or even noticed, I soon picked up courage, and would frequently stop on my way to see them make crocks, bowls, etc., out of the common clay. I have seen them kill squirrels out of the tops of tall trees with their bows and arrows, and hit a dime in a forked stick twenty-five yards or farther. I thought this marvelous, and, boy-like, I had the bow and arrow fever for some time, but as I found out that I could not learn the art I gave up my bow and arrows. I was about a year at Mr. Cheek's school and had by this time acquired a tolerably fair knowl- edge of the branches of reading, writing and arithmetic. I remember that I had accomplished the feat of doing every sum in Pike 's Arithmetic at this school, and I was considered quite pro- ficient in that line — so much so indeed that I was called upon frequently by the scholars to un- ravel the hidden mysteries of that art, and might HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 357 have been, very justly, considered an assistant to the teacher. Brother Robert and I were permitted to make visits to our mountain home once in two years — going generally about the first of August and returning the first of October. These visits were pleasant to look forward to, and but for the pain of again having to part — especially from mother — they would have been enjoyed far more. Nevertheless they always proved a delightful recreation. I was now soon to bid adieu to plantation life and take up my permanent quarters in Charlotte. Some time in the year 1843, I think it was, I was again sent to school, at the same place, to a Mr. Pomeroy, who had recently come out from the !North. I felt quite at home now, having known quite a number of the boys, who were my playfel- lows of a year or two before at Mr. Allison's school. I was, too, classed among the big boys, and was not annoyed by jokes at my Irish brogue, as I had been the year before. I presume a good deal of it had worn off by this time. ilr. Pomeroy was a thorough Yankee, and be- came very unpopular in Charlotte, so much so that it was not safe for him to be out on the streets at night alone. I do not think anyone would have done him any bodily harm, but the boys soon dis- covered that he was cowardly, and would, in order to have a little fun, chase him occasionally through the streets, but I never knew of his having been hurt. Let me say that he was never molested by me, nor did I approve of it in others. Mr. Pomeroy taught the boys to sing, a part of the curriculum, and every evening he would exer- cise us in singing for an hour. This part of his training was greatly enjoyed by all, and all his efforts to maintain order were altogether unsuc- cessful. He persevered, however, and in time had a passable choir. His stay in Charlotte did not last over one year, at the end of which time he returned to Yankee land, and I never heard of him afterwards. At the close of this school I was put in the store to learn the art of merchandising; for be it known that the country was ' ' cursed ' ' at that early day, as it is now, with ' ' middlemen, ' ' but not blessed, as now, with the antidote — the ' ' Grange. ' ' What a paradise the country will be when middlemen ( all except Grange officers) will have been con- signed to the tomb of the Capulets! Xobody, I fancy, will be cursed with poverty or poor kin then! But this is a digression. At this time Uncle had an associate in business with him, one William Henderson, who was to boss the business and I was to be clerk ( 1844) . As the trade of Charlotte at that time was not large, we two man- aged to do the business of the concern. I may remark that the associate was not calculated to build up a very large business — in fact he was sat- isfied to do very little. Our sales did not exceed one thousand dollars per month — in fact, that was considered a fair business then. At that day there were, all told, some nine or ten stores in the place. Every store kept a general assortment of dry goods, hardware, groceries, hats, shoes, etc., and there was no great rush to do busi- ness, and we had no merchants that wanted to do it all, but each one had his regular customers; and the present system of ' ' drumming ' ' was virtually unknown. Although the business was small, yet they managed generally to make ' ' both ends meet," and lap a little, as the expenses of living here at that time were small in comparison with the present day. As I was saying, the associate was not a man to push business. If the trade was lively, he was satisfied; if dull, he seemed content. I think I may safely make the assertion that he never had the blues because of dull times. He was fond of music and tobacco, and when he got down his singing book (Southern Harmony), after the busi- ness of the day was over, you might safely infer that he was going "through it" before retiring. My uncle, who was a keen observer and a good judge of men, was not very long in finding out that the man was a fraud, and the concern was dissolved in about a year. I have now forgotten what disposition was made of the stock of goods, but I think they fell back on Uncle 's hands, and he shortly sold them to some merchants. This was in 1845, and was the close of Uncle 's mercantile career. A short history of him here will not be out of place. He was an Irishman and landed in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1801, and very soon thereafter established himself in Charlotte. He was a hatter by trade, and carried on a successful business for a number of years. After he had, by great economy, made enough to buy property and put up a storehouse he abandoned the hat busi- ness and turned his attention to general merchan- dising. This he followed until the year 1845, as above stated. He had also accumulated a large amount of land in different parts of the county — the plantation upon which he lived a portion of his time being the largest and most valuable. He had also by this time become possessed of about fifty slaves, some of whom he had bought, but most of them he had raised. As I was quite young he never told me about his early history. I have heard from others that he courted a woman soon after coming here, but his suit proving imsueees- ful, he never tried his hand again. Although austere in his manner seemingly, he was fond of company and relished a joke with his friends. He read a great deal, and few men of his day were better informed on general topics than he. It was a short time before he abandoned merchandising (I think in 1845) that he and brother Robert had some misunderstanding at the plantation, which resulted in brother leaving him. This required more of his time at the farm until he employed another man as his overseer. His health was giv- ing away at this time, and he could not take that interest in business or give it that personal super- vision which was his wont when in health. After disposing of his goods his next thought was to know what to do with me; and he gave me my choice, either to go to school and prepare myself for college, or to get a situation as clerk in some store. I preferred the store. I had two offers, one by R. C. Carson and the other by H. B. Williams. I chose the latter for reasons known only to myself. I was now a lad of fifteen years of age, a pretty fair penman and accountant, and not a bad clerk for one of my years. I received a sal- ary of seventy-five dollars and board, per annum. This would be considered small now, but at that time it was considered quite liberal, and I managed to live upon it, but boys then did not wear, as now, ten dollar boots and fifty dollar suits. I had not been with Mr. Williams long before I had most of the bookkeeping to do, being considered correct in figures and writing a very fair hand. Mr. Williams ' store was on the corner now oc- cupied by the Central Hotel. It was a two-story frame building which fronted on Tryon street and to which was attached a back room, one story, on Trade street. His dwelling was on the lot where Dr. Miller now lives, on Tryon street, corner of 358 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Second (present Young Men's Christian Associa- tion site). His clerks besides myself at that time were L. S. Williams and John Dixon. The busi- ness was not large, but about equal to any other house in the place, the sales amounting to about $15,000.00 per annum. 'Twas about this time that the intimacy between your mother and myself began, and through all the ups and downs of subsequent events — although our course was anything but smooth — I never for a moment ceased to love her wholly and solely from the day of our engagement until the day of our marriage — and from the day of our wedding until now, and (I believe) until death. This is a confession I don 't remember to have made before, even to her; but I am trying to tell the truth in these pages, and it is not expected that the madam will read these pages of history, they being for the benefit of our boys. As I will have occasion to come back to this subject again, I must hasten on with my narrative, fearing if I spin it out too long you will not feel enough interest in it to read it through. My stay with Mr. Williams was some- thing over a year, when "Uncle William's health began to fail rapidly, and on the 23d of November, 1846, he died at his home in Charlotte. Thus passed away the only relative I had in this sec- tion of the country. Uncle had amassed by industry and economy a large fortune for the time in which he lived, and after bequeathing about twenty-five thousand dol- lars to relatives, friends, Davidson College, and the First Presbyterian Church in Charlotte, he bequeathed the balance to me, making Joseph H. Wilson and William Johnston, both now living in Charlotte, his executors. This large estate was to be managed by them for my benefit until I be- came twenty-five years of age. The disposition of his property was no surprise to me, as he had frequently told me that he had made me his heir. Many were surprised he did not leave brother Robert something, but I did not expect it, knowing him as I did; for he thought Brother had left him without just cause, and his confidence in him from that date was lost. My uncle's death, together with a large sum inherited at my age (16) was well calculated to upset me, and produce evil results. It was certainly a dan- gerous position to occupy and I cannot ascribe it to any peculiar merit of my own that I did not become, as many predicted, a drunkard and vaga- bond, but to the interposition of an unseen Hand, which has conducted me through many perils and dangers which have beset my pathway. To God alone, is all the praise due for my deliverance. My uncle had few sincere friends. He was plain and outspoken in his views and never practiced the art of deception or played the demagogue to win favor; if he liked you, you would soon know it; if he did not like you, he would make little effort to conceal it. As an illustration of his views and feelings, I will quote here some lines which he wrote in his Bible, which are copied from Burns, one of his favorite authors: ' ' To catch Dame Fortune 's cheering smile, Assiduous, wait upon her, And gather gear by every wile That's justified by honor, Not for to hide it in a hedge, Not for a train attendant: But for the glorious privilege Of being Independent." Such is a short and imperfect sketch of the man to whom I am indebted for what I possess in this world's goods, and however he may have been looked upon by the world around him, I would be an ingrate indeed not to cherish his memory, and hold in respectful remembrance his many virtues. Although taking a lively interest in the politics of the day, being an ardent Henry Clay Whig, he never sought any office, and, to my knowledge, never held one — believing the post of honor, the private station. He was plain William Carson through life, never having a prefix of "Colonel, Captain, or even Squire" to his name, but pos- sessing more good, sound sense than a score of such titled pigmies of the present day. He never connected himself with any church, but was a Presbyterian in belief, and contributed to that denomination, and at his death bequeathed five thousand dollars, together with his library, to Davidson College, and one thousand dollars to the First Presbyterian church here. A short time after my uncle's death, believing that the legacy which he had bequeathed me would be more than ample for my support, and thinking it would require a better education than I then had to manage it, I determined to give up my position in the store and to commence school again, preparatory to going to college. This was, I believe, in the summer of 1847. I began school again at the old male academy. I found that I was making slow progress in my studies, and I resolved to leave the school and seek an education somewhere else. I had living in Asheville a friend and former schoolmate, who had been writing to me, and giv- ing glowing descriptions of the school there. This boy 's name was Charles Alexander, a son of Col. M. W. Alexander, now living in Charlotte. He (the Colonel) had removed from here to Ashe- ville a year or two before to take charge of the ' ' Eagle Hotel, ' ' which was still standing at last accounts. From Charley's solicitations and de- scriptions I was persuaded that Asheville was the place for me, and I arrived there in the fall of 1847 and entered the school of Lee and Norwood. I found this a much superior school to the one I had left, but I made a serious mistake in board- ing at the hotel, to be near my old friend. It has been a source of regret that I did not board with Colonel Lee, who boarded most of the boys who came from a distance, and who lived about a mile out of town. It wall not do to throw too many temptations in a boy's way, and I am con- vinced that the place for a boy who goes from home to school is with one of the teachers, and never, under any circumstances, at a public house. I hope my boys will benefit by my experience in this matter. Considering the many temptations to which I was exposed, and which took my mind from study, I nevertheless occupied a very cred- itable position in my class. The school was of a higher order than any I had previously attended, and its reputation for preparing boys for college well was well known, especially in South Caro- lina, the state from which most of the boys who were non-residents came. I may mention among the students at the school the names of Governor Vance, Senator Merrimon, and the Rev. Henry Dickson. From some cause, not known to me, Lee and Norwood dissolved copartnership about six months after my arrival, Mr. Norwood continuing to teach in town, and Mr. Lee removing his school to his HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 359 home, about one mile and a half in the country. The boys from Charlotte, John Springs, Joe and .Sam Caldwell and I went to Lee, but my friend, Charley Alexander, continued with Norwood. I, along with the boys from Charlotte, continued to board in Asheville — now with a Mr. Reynolds. This was a great mistake, but we had pretty much our own way and did as we pleased. The consequence was that our studies were neglected and our ad- vancement slow. Colonel Lee is still living at his old home among the mountains. Mr. Norwood is said to have met a tragic death away on the frontier of civilization, some few years after this time. I remained with Mr. Lee until the summer of 1819, when Charley Alexander and I concluded we were ready for college; so we left Asheville in time to begin the fall session at Davidson College. The Davidson faculty then consisted of Kev. Samuel Williamson. D. D., president; Rev. S. B. O. "Wilson, Rev. E. Rockwell and Mortimer D. Johnston. Dr. Williamson still lives at a ripe old age in Arkansas; Mr. Wilson (I believe; somewhere in Tennessee; Mr. Rockwell near States- ville, North Carolina. Mr. Johnston is dead, but his widow and family reside in Charlotte. The number of students then was about seventy. Charley and I entered the freshman class, which numbered some twelve to fifteen boys; we selected different societies — he the Philanthropic and I the Eumanean. Here I met some of my former ac- quaintances and schoolmates from around Char- lotte. Among the number were James M. Hutch- ison, Thomas Grier, Alden Alexander and N. C. Clayland. I soon felt at home among my friends, and my surroundings were very pleasant. During the first year of my course I made good progress in most of my studies, and stood at the head of my elass, but Mr. Wilson — the Greek and Latin professor — and I took a mutual dislike to each other, or I fancied so, and I became indifferent about the lessons I recited to him, until I finally made up my mind to leave Davidson and go to Chapel Hill. This was in my sophomore year, about the close of 1850. As it turned out, how- ever, this was my last school, and the end of my college education. When I left Davidson I re- turned to Charlotte to have a little recreation and spend the Christmas holidays with my friends, preparatory to my departure for Chapel Hill. Soon after this the dreaded smallpox, which was then looked upon as an evil to be dreaded more than civil war, broke out in Charlotte. Those who were living here at that time will not be likely to forget it. All communication with the outer world was cut off, and fears of starvation were seriously apprehended, as we had no railroads to bring in supplies, and the country people were afraid to come to town, and town people were not allowed to go to the country, for fear of spreading the disease. Thus matters stood dur- ing the winter of 1850 and 1851. If a citizen of Charlotte happened to make his appearance in any of the surrounding towns he would be "in- vestigated " by a committee of citizens, and re- quested to leave. I was one of a party that went to Charleston, South Carolina, that winter, to hear Jenny Lind, and we ' ' took in ' ' Chester on our way," to attend a ball, but we had not been there an hour before the committee found us out, and -we had to leave in short order. The consequence was we had to travel over some terrible roads, and far into the night, before we found a place to sleep; by this time we were wise enough not to hail from Charlotte or anywhere in its neigh- borhood. The C. C. & A. Railroad was then com- pleted to Wiunsboio, South Carolina. How things have changed since then! Neither small] iOx nor anything else, in fact, would have such an effect on the country now. A country that has gone through four years of civil war cannot be easily frightened. Thus Charlotte was virtually cut off from the outside world until late in the spring of 1851. This prevented me from entering Chapel Hill at the beginning of the session, and I at last made up my mind to abandon the idea of going through college. This was per- haps a wise step for me, as Chapel Hill was at that time considered not the best place in the world for a young man like myself with plenty of money. I have often heard young men say that they knew more about their text books when they went there than when they came away. I do not say that such would have been my ease, but I fear the chances would have been in favor of it. At this time I became of age, and my own man, though the transition was imperceptible, as I had been acting pretty much as I wished since the period of my uncle 's death. Having abandoned the notion of going through college, and my health being quite feeble, I thought a sea voyage would be beneficial, so I left home about the first of July, by way of Charleston, for New York, where I took passage for Liverpool, July 5, on the steamer Arctic of the Collins Line. This ship was then considered very fine. The Collins Line was then the principal competitor of the Cunard Line, which has had such remarkable success and whose boats are justly considered the best built and best officered ships afloat. As the Collins Line was looked upon as Ameri- can and the Cunard as English, I naturally pre- ferred the former. We had a pleasant voyage, and made the trip in something over ten days, having met with no rough weather of any conse- quence, although it appeared anything else to me but smooth at times. I enjoyed it amazingly after being out two or three days and the scare having worn off. The only acquaintances I had when we went aboard were A. F. Brevard and a young man from Tennessee by the name of Fogg, who fell in with us at Charleston, South Carolina. While on ship I made a number of acquaintances, who proied to be very agreeable, and long before the vessel had sighted the English coast I had begun to feel quite at home, and when we landed at Liverpool and each passenger took his own way, I felt as if I had parted from some dear friends. This was the year of the gTeat London Exposi- tion, and there had never been such a rush of Americans to Europe before. It was difficult to secure passage across and more difficult to secure return passage, and those, like myself, who were going for a short trip, for health or pleasure, would generally secure return passage immediately upon arrival at Liverpool. Our stay in Liver- pool was short. As soon as we could get our bag- gage out of the custom house we were off to Lon- don. After traveling through a country beautiful to look upon ("scarcely ever out of sight of a town"! for two hundred miles, we found ourselves in London, the greatest city on the globe; but even London was overflowing with people from all parts of the world, and it was with some difficulty that we found quarters in the heart of the city. If you will look in the encyclopedia for London you 360 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA will see a picture of Trafalgar Square and St. Paul 's Cathedral. Well, our lodgings were in Oovent Garden, not much over a stone's throw from either place, and very convenient to omnibus lines to Hyde Park, the Exposition, bank, Thames" tunnel, Westminister Abbey and Houses of Par- liament — in fact, to every place you might desire to visit. We had not been in the great city a week, if so long, when my traveling companion found he could get lodgings in a very obscure part of the city for a good deal less money than we were paying at Covent Garden. So he left me alone in my glory, went to his new quarters, and I saw but little of him afterwards; as I found I got along about as well without his company as with it. As I said before, the Exposition was the place of attraction, and during my stay of about one month there were but few days that did not find me there. The building was so large, and there were so many things to be seen, and such a crowd that it was difficult to obtain a satisfactory view of anything, and it required much time to see everything; but as I had come a long way espe- cially to see it, I took my time, and got enough of it at last. The building was of iron and glass, 1,800 feet long and about 600 feet wide, often crowded in every aisle with all sorts of people. During my short stay I visited many of the most noted places; in fact, I was Dusy all the time going from place to place, but it required a much longer time than I had at my command to see it all. During my stay I had improved very much in health. The sea voyage, together with the change in diet and scenery, contributed much toward this improvement. After spending about a month in London, and with only a fortnight of my time left, I con- cluded to make a short trip to Scotland and Ire- land before my time was out; so I bade a final adieu to the great city and took the train for Edinburgh, the famous city of Scotland. After spending about a week here, at Glasgow, the lakes, etc., I took passage on a steamer from Glas- gow for Belfast, Ireland. My stay was too lim- ited to see much of the country where my ances- tors were born. It was in the neighborhood of Belfast that they first saw the light, and from my hasty observations I was agreeably surprised to find it a much better country than I had been led to expect. This is one of the favored sections of Ireland, composed as it is mostly of the Prot- estant element, and on that account greatly in advance of the Catholic districts, which are kept in ignorance by the teachings of this religion. From Belfast I went through the country, partly by stage coach and partly by railroad, to Dublin; and after staying here two or three days I re- crossed the Channel to Liverpool, where I arrived two days before the sailing of the steamer At- lantic, on which vessel I had engaged return passage to the United States. I was in England only six weeks, but in that short time I had seen a good deal and learned much, and shall always look back with pleasure to the agreeable time so profitably spent. I escaped sea-sickness until crossing the Chan- nel between Dublin and Liverpool. The sea was not rough, but we had short, choppy waves, the kind which gives a very disagreeable motion to the boat, and is more liable to produce nausea and sea-sickness than the highest waves of the broad Atlantic. On our return we had head winds most of the way, and very rough weather for several days — so much so that passengers were not allowed on deck. I did not ask the officers of the ship if there was danger, because if there was I did not care to know it, but there was much anxiety among the passengers, and for two or three days there were no amusements aboard, and but few appeared at meals. Through it all I managed to keep from sea-sickness, and did not miss a meal. Many who had crossed the Atlantic a dozen times did not fare so well. On the thirteenth day out we came in sight of land once more — a welcome sight to many on board. That day the Captain furnished the wine at dinner, and many compli- mentary speeches were made and toasts offered in honor of his skill in piloting us safely through the dangers of the deep. On the next morning — September 3d, I think it was, we landed safely in New York, where several of my friends were awaiting my arrival. It was several days before I could get clear of the feeling of being still on board, and it was some time before I could walk straight, but by degrees this feeling wore off, and I felt all right again. I would remark here, in regard to sea voyages, that when the weather is clear and the sea calm there can be nothing more enjoyable, but when it is wet and stormy, I much prefer being on land. In fact, I think there are many who pretend to be in love with ' ' Old Ocean ' ' who would rather love him at a distance. I confess to being one of that class, although, if I thought my health re- quired a sea voyage, I should not hesitate to cross the ocean again. In doing so, however, I should trust myself to the care of the Cunard Line, be- lieving it to be the best officered and safest of any other. After spending a short time in New York, I, with two other of my friends, concluded to take a short pleasure trip before returning home. We visited Saratoga, Niagara Falls, Montreal, Boston, etc., and returned to New York in about two weeks. Soon thereafter we returned to Charlotte, about October 1, 1851, having in the space of four months traveled over ten thousand miles. I was not at home long before I found a life of idleness exceedingly irksome, and calculated to lead to bad habits ; so I concluded to engage in something, not so much to make money as to have something to do; and to this end I formed a co- partnership with John L. Watson in the summer of 1853, our firm being changed to M. H. Peoples & Company. In the death of Jack Watson, as he was gener- ally called, I sustained a heavy loss, for I think he was the best friend, outside my own family, that I ever had. His many noble and disinter- ested acts of kindness to me shall not be forgot- ten while memory lasts. In the spring preceding his death the Be'v. David Baker (this should have been Daniel — my error), a noted Presbyterian preacher and revivalist from Texas, visited this section, and among the many converts who were through his instrumentality added to the church was Jack Watson, and although I was absent dur- ing his sickness and death, I have no doubt but that his conversion was sincere and his death a triumphant vindication of its reality, as he sent me word that ' ' all was well, ' ' and urged me with his dying breath to come to Jesus. A?/i (a/V>y-C/{/L- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 361 It may be proper to remark, for the informa- tion of the boys, that their mother was one of Dr. Baker's converts also, and many others who have proved themselves worthy, we trust, of this high calling. At the death of my dear friend, I lost much of my former interest in our business, and it was not a great while before I sold my part of it. In the fall of 1853 I connected myself with the Presbyterian church. Having been very deeply impressed by the sermons of Dr. Baker in the spring, but not wishing to be hasty in such an important matter, I did not make application for membership until my convictions seemed to me to justify such a course. And even now I often have my doubts and misgivings as to whether I am "His" or not, and I look, as it were, through a glass darkly. Some other matters of much importance occurred about this time. Perhaps the one of greatest im- portance was the agreement of marriage be- tween your mother and me. It occurred on the classic banks of the French Broad river, about two miles west of Asheville, some time about the first of September, 1853. As I have already made some confessions which many would consider as rather humiliating, it is not necessary that I should here add anything to what has already been said, further than to remark that the engagement was not broken, but held securely until we were married. At this time my health was not good. I had been suffering with rheumatism, and had been trying baths at Warm Springs in Madison County during the summer, and not finding the relief I sought I went to Florida the following winter, and derived much benefit from my trip. I spent the great por- tion of my time at Orange Springs. I returned much improved some time in March (I think), 1854. On the 25th May, following, your mother and I were married, in the house now occupied by the Eev. Dr. A. W. Miller, which then belonged to your mother 's father, H. B. Williams. We were married by the Eev. Hall Morrison, who still lives at a ripe old age. We would have been married by our pastor — the Eev. Cyrus Johnston, but he was absent — being a delegate to the General As- sembly of the Presbyterian church that year. We had a large wedding, with six "attendants" each, which number should be materially lessened, should the same ceremony have to be gone through with again, but I hope I shall never be called upon again to undergo the trial. I think my duty to my children would forbid a second marriage, if the memory of my first wife did not. The last event (our marriage) brings this his- tory to a point where I might as well, perhaps, leave it, as my biography is as well known to your mother since our marriage as it is to myself, and if I conclude to continue it farther it will be more for the purpose of relating other events not closely connected with my own history, but giving some account of Charlotte and its citizens, an account which might be of some service as a source of reference hereafter. I will therefore bring this hastily written bio- graphy of myself to a close, being fully aware of its many imperfections, but trusting that some- thing good may result to some of my boys in its perusal. My end will have been fully accom- plished if it should prove the instrument of keep- ing one of our boys out of one temptation, or from committing one sin. Remember your pathway through life will be beset with many things, which of themselves may be harmless enough, but nevertheless should be avoided, if they are calculated to keep the mind from serious thoughts. It is well that the young should have their amusements — it is necessary they should have — but at the same time they should remember that there is a point in the most inno- cent, beyond which it is not prudent to go. Eichaed Clay Caeson, a man of affairs at Whiteville, North Carolina, and formerly very closely identified with mercantile and industrial in- terests in the state, is a native son of North Carolina and took up his business career fully thirty years ago. He was born at Charlotte, December 10, 1866. son of James Harvey and Mary Ann (Williams) Carson. His parents were in well-to-do circum- stances and he grew up in a home of culture and was given the best of school advantages. He had private instruction until 1875, from that year until 1882 attended the Carolina Military Institute at Charlotte, and was a student of Davidson College at Davidson from 1882 to 1886. On leaving college he was in the manufacturing business from 1887 to 1890, and then became con- nected with the Standard Oil Company as a sales- man from 1890 to 1892, and as special agent from 1892 to 1894. In the latter year Mr. Carson estab- lished the Charlotte Hardware Company at Char- lotte, North Carolina, and remained in active charge of this large and prospering institution until fail- ing health compelled him to retire in 1900. Since then he has given his attention largely to various investments. While in college Mr. Carson was a member of the Sigma. Alpha Epsilon fraternity, is a member and deacon of the Presbyterian Church, is a democratic voter, and earlier in his career was for a short time connected with the North Carolina Naval Eeserves. On May 7, 1895, he married Ella Jen- kins Burwell, daughter of Judge and Mrs. Armis- tead Burwell of Charlotte, North Carolina. Judge Armistead Burwell. The ancient and beautiful custom of perpetuating in song and story the deeds and achievements of illustrious men has been so long sanctioned and followed as to be now considered one not founded upon mere sentimenr, but also upon the obligation due by the living to the dead, and to themselves. The sentiment is one of loving remembrance of the good they accom- plished, their kindliness and human charity, which touched deeply our hearts when they were our com- panions in the active scenes of this life, and after they are gone awakens our sense of gratitude. The obligation springs from the duty we owe coming generations to preserve in permanent, form the story of their lives, as an inspiration and an in- centive to higher and nobler endeavor. The ten- dency of all ages has been progressive, from good to better things, and it will continue to be so until we have fully secured the best that is attainable in this world. But we will never reach the farthest goal of our aspirations if the ripened wisdom of our ancestors, gathered by hard experience in the practical affairs of life, that knowledge and under- standing which alone can safely guide us in our present and future course, we in turn do not eventually, by the same medium, transmit to those who may come after us the inestimable benefit to our added wisdom and experience. Nothing has done more to contribute to this sum of human knowledge which has prepared us to take up the 362 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA burden of life where they have laid it down than the records we have made and preserved of our great men, benefactors of their race, who, in their day and generation, were leaders of thought and exponents of the best in law, literature and science. It is this hallowed custom, to which I have referred, that brings me into this presence today, at the request of his friends and loved ones and by the courteous invitation of your committee, to speak a few grateful words to the memory of a cherished and honored friend. I can hardly trust myself to think of him, much less to talk of him, without unrestrained emotion, for I am sure no man es- teemed him more for his constant and never-failing friendship or admired him more for his many noble and excellent qualities. Before recounting his vir- tues and assigning his name to that exalted place it deserves in the annals of our illustrious dead, let me briefly trace his career, as boy and man, soldier, lawyer, statesman, jurist and patriot. Armistead Burwell, the subject of this memorial, was born in the town of Hillsboro, North Carolina, October 22, 1839. He had, therefore, when he died reached and passed far beyond the high plateau of middle life, after a long career filled with honor and usefulness. His father was Robert Burwell, an eminent Presbyterian divine and educator, and his mother was Margaret Anna Robertson, remem- bered by those who knew her as a woman of rare intellectual endowment and beautiful traits of char- acter. She was noted far and wide as the finest type of gentle and noble Southern womanhood, and many are her pupils who would today gladly and lovingly bear witness to the truth of this tribute. This couple, both natives of Dinwiddie county, Vir- ginia, where they were happily married, emigrated from that state and settled in Hillsboro, North Carolina, where, as I have stated, Judge Burwell was born. It was fine stock on both sides, and there was in it a blended inheritance of the noblest virtues, refinement, culture and a strict devotion to principle. There was no pride of ancestry with him, for while it is desirable to be well descended, he knew that the glory belongs to our ancestors and is not ours. We are only what we make of ourselves. Their son, who so distinguished him- self in after life, was educated at what was then known as Caldwell Institute, presided over by that famous teacher, Dr. Alexander Wilson, the pre- ceptor of so many our noted men. After fin- ishing his academic course he was sent to David- son College, where he was a model student and scholar, graduating therefrom with the highest hon- ors of his class in 1860, and delivering the Latin or salutatory address. He then decided to make his home in the West, and settled in Washington, Arkansas. While there teaching school and in the diligent pursuit of his law studies, the tocsin of war sounded and he promptly answered its call to arms, joining a company of cavalry in the Third Arkansas Regiment, which was in the brigade com- manded by General Armstrong, and being his assistant adjutant general. He also served under Generals Bedford Forrest and Joseph Wheeler. Those who know of his military career speak of him as a brave and gallant soldier, intelligent, faithful and fearless in the discharge of every trust, obedient to superior authority, no matter how severe the discipline, and possessing in a marked degree the entire confidence of his associates, who admired him for his great courage and daring, his absolute devotion to duty and his other fine sol- dierly qualities. I knew him well, and thus know- ing him, I am sure that he was among the bravest and best of those who followed the victorious standard of the- heroic Forrest — the great com- mander of the West. His rank was that of cap- tain until just before the close of the Civil war, when he was promoted to the position of major, and held a commission for the higher rank when the war closed. He was severely wounded in the battle before Atlanta, while performing a most dangerous duty in the execution of a command which required the display of courage and dash of the highest order. His condition was so desperate that his young and noble life was almost despaired of, but he feared not, nor did he repine, for, brave man and splendid soldier as he was, his life was at the service of his country, and willingly would he have yielded it up for the cause which he had espoused and firmly believed to be just, and to which it had been dedicated. By the use of heroic and painful remedies, his wound was healed and his life was saved, but he was left with the use of one arm greatly impaired. After his recovery, when the actual strife was over, he returned to Charlotte, to which place his parents had removed, and there taught school with the Rev. Mr. Griffith, and at the same time studied law, receiving his license to practice in the courts of this state soon thereafter. He located in Charlotte, and became, first, the partner of Calvin E. Grier, as gallant a soldier as ever drew sword and as genial and fine a gentleman as you will meet with in more than a day's journey. Of course they prospered, for two such men could not have failed. After the law firm of Vance, Dowd & Johnston had been dis- solved, Captain Burwell, as our people loved to call him, became the partner of Governor Zebulon B. Vance — the great and only and incomparable Vance. This firm continued to do a large, lucra- tive practice until its senior member was elected in 1876, and, for a third time, governor of the state. It was a strong, yes, almost an impreg- nable combination of intellect, learning, and elo-" quence. There was no better lawyer than Captain Burwell as he was at this time, and there was no greater or more brilliant advocate than Vance. I had the honor of being a member of the Mecklen- burg bar while the latter was still a practitioner there, and it disparages no man for me to say, if he had an equal I have never seen him — and so thought Captain Burwell, his intimate friend and professional associate, whose daily companionship with him afforded peculiar opportunity to measure and gauge his professional ability and attainments, and his estimate of him, both as lawyer and advo- cate, was very high. He was devoted to Governor Vance and the latter to him. The governor once said to me, many years ago, just after his first election to the United States Senate, when return- ing to Charlotte from Gaston Cut: "If every man in the state was like Armistead Burwell, what a great commonwealth we would have. It is not too much to say that he is the purest and best man I ever knew, and it reflects on no one to say it. ' ' I almost recall his very words, and at least suffi- ciently so to be entirely accurate. Governor Vance also paid generous tribute to his great mental powers, to his intuitive business preceptions and his almost infallible judgment. Captain Burwell once told me of an incident in his court house experience, and the judge who presided at the time afterward repeated the story to me. There was a long special term of the Su- perior Court of Mecklenburg County, held by one of our ablest judges. The firm of Vance & Bur- well had many appearances on the docket, and at HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 363 the end of the term it was found that they had won nearly all, it not quite all, of their cases. A mem- ber of the bar, himself a great lawyer and suc- cessful advocate, one of the best trial lawyers 1 have ever known, moved for a new trial in one of the cases he had lost to Vance and Burwell, when the judge, who could discover no error in the record, asked him upon what ground the motion was based. He replied that he had but one, which was that no cause, however strong and just, could be won if Vance had the last speech against it for he is simply invincible, and for this reason there has been, in this particular ease, a mis- carriage of justice. The judge, though admitting the correctness of the statement, was compelled in law to deny the motion. After the dissolution of his partnership with Governor Vance, Captain Burwell practiced law alone for several years, and until the fall of 1880, when he formed a partnership with the writer of this sketch, which continued for more than twenty years, broken only by the short period when he was on the beneh. During my association with him I recognized at all times his great ability and learn- ing as a lawyer, and received from him, without a single exception, the most uniform courtesy and kindness. In 1880 he was elected to the General Assembly of this state, as senator from Mecklen- burg County, and served one term, declining a re- election. He served in the Senate with W. T. Dortch, Theo. F. Davidson, James A. Lockhart, William B. Glenn, Hugh R. Scott, and other distin- guished men of this state, who bore willing tribute to his ability and lofty ideals as a public man and to his great efficiency and usefulness as a legis- lator. He was a leader in that body, possessing all the traits of character and habits of thought that go to make the great statesman — courage, fidelity, truth and patriotism and an almost un- erring judgment, but preferring the walks of pro- fessional life and the honors of the private station. he steadily refused all political preferment, though he always actively espoused the cause of the party to which he belonged, and had perfect faith in his political creed. He was not controlled by the ebb and flow of public opinion, being a leader rather than a blind follower of men. He had just con- tempt for the demagogue, appreciating the truth in the philosophy of Bacon, that "nothing doth more hurt in a state than that cunning men some- times pass for wise." In 1879 Judge Burwell was appointed by Gov- ernor Vance a director on the part of the state of the North Carolina Railroad Company, and served in that capacity a number of years, with such able men as Governor Thos. M. Holt, Gen. R. F. Hoke, and others, and was considered by them to be, as I happen to know, one of the most valuable mem- bers of the board, and was especially noted for his clear-sightedness, his fine business capacity and judgment, his saving common sense, and his won- derful knowledge of the practical affairs of life. His great influence in that body was conceded from the beginning, and continued throughout his long service. He resigned this position when he was ap- pointed a justice of the Supreme Court in Novem- ber, 1892, by his warm friend and admirer, Gov- ernor Holt. He served in the latter position for a little more than two years, and would certainly have remained there until his death, had not the fortunes, or in this case, the misfortunes, of politics swept his party to defeat, when all of its nominees, with a single exception, I believe, were obliged to succumb to the' inevitable, if untoward, mischance of a popular election, generally uncertain and some- times apparently perverse. But the misfortune was not his so much as that of the people of the state, for they both lost as true and loyal a public serv- ant and as able, learned and upright a judge as ever sat in that court. His career on the bench was one to be envied. He had every quality of mind and heart, body and temperament, to fit him for a great judge, and so he was. He was indeed a superb judge, simply because he could not help being so, for he was born to that position, and to his natural gifts were added those excellent judicial qualities which only study and experience can bring to any man. He was not of those who believed that genius or exceptional talent or even extraordinary natural endowment can fully take the place of industry and achieve the same results, but he carefully saved all his talents and improved them by labor and diligent study. In all my expe- rience at the bar or on the bench, I have seen none who had a stronger or better regulated mind, a clearer or more incisive judgment, or a more attractive manner. He viewed things from a prac- tical standpoint. He could see through a case from its beginning to its end with admirable foresight and separated the false from the true with almost unerring discrimination. In his personal life, he drew men to him by the very strength of his spot- less character and. by the gentleness and kindness of his nature. He sternly insisted upon the right at all times, but behind it all there was a warm, sympathetic and genial heart, which, with his hand, was always outstretched to the poor and humble, the desolate and the oppressed. His soul was so pure and immaculate that no blemish could ever touch it, and not more spotless was the ermine which he wore so splendidly and so honorably when called to a seat in the council of the judges. I cannot well separate his professional from his judicial life, as they merge into each other so naturally. In his practice, as on the bench, his great judicial qualities were always preeminent. Clients sought his counsel and his leadership be- cause they knew intuitively, as people generally perceive in such cases, that it was always the safest and the best. He would have attracted them no matter where he lived, because he had, in rare measure, that mysterious something which gave him the magnetic power to draw them irresistibly towards him. He would have succeeded anywhere. It was Emerson, I believe, who once said, and he was right when he said so, that, "if a man can write a better book, preach a better sermon, or even make a better mouse-trap than his neighbor, though he build his house in the woods, the world will make a beaten path to his door." And the sentiment, thus so pungently expressed by the great philosopher and writer, may fittingly be applied to the subject of this memorial. Somehow he just knew how to do things better than most other people. In all that he did he had a rare perfection. If I may be permitted to paraphrase, with a slight change, "what has been so well spoken of another, it may be said of him that he was planetary rather than irregular, and this tendency of his nature made the orbit of his life steady and uniform, in- stead of changeable and erratic. "His advocacy of any cause was fearless to the verge of temerity, and he appeared indifferent to applause or censure for their own sake. He accepted intrepidly any conclusions that he reached, without inquiring whether they were politic or expedient." His pre- dominant traits were his rugged honesty and un- spotted integrity. He adjusted his life, every act 364 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA of it, and all his conduct, to the highest moral standards and the loftiest ideals. There was no dissimulation about him, for he had nothing to conceal from the world. His life was as an open book, to be seen and read of all men. He dealt fairly and honestly with everyone, and exacted the same treatment in return for himself. He was al- ways ready to forgive a wrong and sometimes to forget it, but in all his social and business rela- tions he expected and required of every man with whom he dealt that he be a gentleman. With him, this comprehended everything essential to virtuous conduct. He never was a blind follower of any man or set of men, but, by his very nature was so constituted as always to be a molder of public, thought and an acknowledged leader in his community. His people followed him and trusted to his leadership because of their implicit faith in his wisdom and courage, and their unhesitating- confidence in the strict integrity of his purpose. As a lawyer he approached every trial and dis- cussion in which he appeared after full and com- plete preparation and patient investigation of the facts. Believing in precedents of the law, as safe and sure guides and as containing the concentrated wisdom of its sages, applied to the practical affairs of men, he yet would not forsake the eternal prin- ciples of justice for a mere dictum of the judge While he studied his cases thoroughly and ex- haustively, his arguments did not have the odor of the lamp. They were advanced to enforce the right, and not for any insidious purpose of merely winning a bad or unrighteous cause, and he paid little or no attention to the ' ' nice, sharp quillets of the law," for he was too honest and frank to engage in the low arts and tricks of the petti- fogger, which he held in merited contempt. He believed that there were defeats more honorable and triumphant than some victories. Nor did he try to embellish his discourses with the flimsy drapery of a florid rhetoric, but rather clothed his strong and vigorous arguments in the clear and sinewy, though polished, diction of the genuine scholar that he was, having liberal education, po- lite learning and broad culture. When things have taken thorough possession of the mind, apt and expressive words are always plentiful. He always commanded the unlimited respect and deference of his associates at the bar and of all those with whom he came in contact who easily knew him as he really was, for no man could be with him long without being deeply im- pressed with his noble qualities. By the very force of his character and his manly virtues, coupled wath mental faculties of the highest order, he easily took first rank among his peers. Such a man, of course, condemned cant and hypocrisy in any and every form — the charlatan and the dema- gogue. There was no room for hypocrisy in his nature. It could not for a moment survive eon- tact with qualities so pure and free from dis- honesty of any kind. He could deceive no man, and, for this reason, there was none who was more confidingly trusted by his people than he ; nor did he worship any man for his wealth or influence, however great or potential, but he believed that such a man should be praised only in proportion as he used his good fortune, or any power thus acquired for the betterment of "his kind and the advancement of the human race. He thought, with Aiiareharsis, that a man 's felicity consists not in the outward and visible favors and blessings of fortune, but in the inward and unseen perfections and riches of the mind, and as Solon is reputed to have said for himself, he would not have ex- changed his virtue for all the wealth and power of the. world. Judge Burwell, in his public and private life, was animated by a profound sense of justice and thought that its great virtue consists in modera- tion as regulated by wisdom. I have already said that his leading quality was his rugged and un- assailable honesty. Nothing could tempt him to- do wrong, or to swerve by even a hair's breadth from the path of the strictest rectitude. He was- for the right always, and so it naturally was his belief, following the teaching of the ancient prov- erb, that ' ' there is no debt, with so much ease and prejudice put off, as that of justice." While his sympathies were broad and deep, and as gentle and tender as a woman 's love, yet without variable- ness or shadow of turning he steadily and con- sistently pleaded for justice, however much he might weep with the unfortunate, and though always ready to extend pardon or to temper his judgment with mercy. There never was a kindlier man, but one of the dominant ideas of his being was that justice and right should finally prevail. With his natural gifts of mind and body, his habit of study and of thought, his true and abiding sense of right, his superb character and his store of knowledge and learning, which he had gathered by arduous labor and in the hard school of expe- rience, we cannot imagine how any man could have been better equipped or more exactly fitted for the highest judicial station. And so did his people think, for through their governor they chose him among many eminent and worthy men, and raised him to the highest honor within their gift, as a judge over them, to decide issues of life and death. His career on the bench, all too short, unfortunately, was fully up to the high standard fixed by his friends at the beginning, and he fully redeemed every pledge and promise they made in. his behalf. I have been told by his associates on the bench that he was greatly beloved and honored by them as he had before been by his professional brethren and his people at home, and his judicial labors, as we know, were crowned with preeminent success. How could it have been otherwise, with such a brain and such a character to guide and direct it? "For Justice, all place a temple and all seasons summer," can well be said of him, and he dispensed it, as he should have done, with the cold neutrality of the impartial judge. He was true always to the obligations he assumed when he took the official oath that lie would administer the right without respect to persons, and do equal justice to the poor and rich, to the state and to individuals, and in all things faithfully and im- partially perform the duties and functions of his high office. His opinions were always character- ized by clearness, force and vigor, couched in the best and most elegant English, and devoid of all attempt at display or affectation of style. He was one of the best of classical scholars, but his lan- guage was always plain, simple, direct and force- ful. He had no fads, nor did he insist that his views be adopted merely because he entertained them, but always thought only of the right, with- out the slightest regard to any effect upon his own personal fortunes. He had the greatest re- spect for the serious arguments of others, and always gave them proper heed and consideration. This was his habit at the bar and on the bench. As a judge he sought to bring the court into har- mony, rather than to give its opinion color of direc- tion in favor of his personal views. It is a trite HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 365 saving that in union there is strength, and so he believed that agreement and unanimity imparted great force and weight to the decisions of any eourt; not that he would compromise about a mat- ter of principle, but he would sometimes yield his own views rather than weaken its opinion by dis- sent, and especially to when no great right was sacrificed. His best deliverance, perhaps, was in the case of Haynes vs. the Gas and Electric Company, re- ported in 114 X. C.j at page 205, that is, it has been cited more than any other of his opinions, and is a settled precedent in our courts for the great principle in the law of negligence it in- volved, and was the pioneer of all cases upon that subject. It is difficult, though, to select any one opinion as his best among the many of the highest merit which emanated from his pen. As it was, he ranked easily with the ablest and most learned jurists who have sat in that court, and by longer service and greater experience he would, of course, have raised still higher his standard of judicial excellence. He was not a man of any vanity or conceit, and while brave, courageous and reasonably aggressive, he always practiced a becoming humility. Like the noble Duncan, as a judge, "he bore his faculties meek, and was always clear in his great office. ' ' He regulated his judicial conduct, not by the example, but according to the precept of Lord Bacon, who thought that judges ought to interpret law, and not to make law or to give law ; else will it be like the authority claimed by some who do not stick to add and alter, and to pronounce that which they do not find, and by show of antiquity to introduce novelty. Judges, he thought, ought to be more learned than witty, and more advised than confi- dent. And to use more closely some of the words of this great thinker : ' ' Above all things, integ- rity is their portion and proper virtue. Cursed (saith the law) is he that removeth the landman;. The mislayer of a mere stone is to blame; but it is the unjust judge that is the capital remover of landmarks, when he defineth amiss of lands arid property. One foul sentence doth more hurt than any foul example : for these do but corrupt the stream ; the other corrupteth the fountain. ' ' Let me pursue the thread of my narrative just a few moments longer. When Judge Burwell re- tired from the bench he returned to the practice of the law at Charlotte, taking his place at the head of the firm composed of Mr. E. T. Cansler and your speaker, under the name of Burwell, Walker & Cansler, which lasted until 1902, when one of its members withdrew to take a seat on the bench, to which he had been chosen in that year, and the judge and Mr. Cansler continued to practice to- gether during the remainder of the former 's life as Burwell & Cansler. There was no stronger firm in the state, as I believe you will readily admit, and none more entitled to the large and lucrative practice which these two able lawyers enjoyed. I have referred to Judge Burwell 's first part- ners, Governor Vance and Captain Grier, because I am now speaking of the dead. I only wish it were proper and seemly, in this presence and in this hour, to speak of the living that I might pay merited tribute to the last surviving one. I come now to another phase of Judge Burwell 's life. In his religious faith he was a Presbyterian, and his conduct and character, of which I have already spoken, were largely molded and influenced by a strict observance of the tenets and doctrines of his church. 'While he was its loyal adherent always, he accorded to every man the freedom to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience, which he held to be his moral as well as his constitutional right. He, therefore, reso- lutely opposed religious persecution or bigotry in any form. With many others, he agreed that re- ligious freedom was laid as one of the first stones in the corner of our temple, and he would caution any man who attempted to remove it, that he had better beware, lest the great superstructure raised on the foundation of the fathers should totter and fall. Like all true patriots, he knew that religious intolerance and oppression had flourished only in the monarchies of the Old World, and he would not have them engrafted upon our system or take root in the soil of this new and progressive republic. He was, therefore, always true, loyal and devoted to his own church, but liberal towards those of other creeds. In early life Judge Burwell was married to Miss Ella M. Jen kin s, of Salisbury, North Carolina, a woman of rare charm and beauty, of gentle man- ners and elegant culture, and by this union there were five children. Mrs. Prank H. Wood, Charlotte Cowan and James Burkley are dead. The surviv- ing children are Mrs. B. C. Carson of Whiteville, North Carolina, and Armistead Burwell, of Charlotte, North Carolina. Blessed with such a father and mother at the head of the household, there never was a happier home or a more beauti- ful home life. His own life, as nearly all lives are, was often saddened and clouded by sorrow, when ' ' the pallid messenger with the inverted torch ' ' would enter the precincts of his home and beckon some loved one to depart, but he always bore his burden in silence and with a strong man 's fortitude. ' ' Short is life and narrow the corner in which we dwell. ' ' The final summons came to him when he apparently gave every promise of many more years of life and happiness. Suddenly stricken by what was not thought, at first, to be a fatal malady, and though ill but a short while, he yet had a clear premonition that he was near the limit of his journey. With perfect submis- sion, with a Christian 's faith and hope, and more than a hero 's courage, he bravely, calmly and placidly awaited the end. He had lived a perfeet life, and death had no terror for him. So close is the analogy that I am tempted here to borrow the words of a great eulogist, uttered in a pane- gyric of surpassing beauty, one of the best since Bossuet was suddenly summoned by Louis XIV to pronounc* his great oration upon the life and military achievements of Louis de Bourbon, the Prince of Conde : ' ' He was thrust from the full tide of this world's interest, its hopes, aspirations and victories, into the visible presence of death — and he quailed not. * * Let us hope that, in the silence of the receding world, he heard the great waves breaking on a farther shore and felt already upon his wasted brow the breath of the eternal morning. ' ' To speak of some of his personal traits, his mind was tranquil, well-ordered and rigidly up- right, and there was always proper dignity and proportion in all that he said or did. His heart was kind, loyal and true. In form, he possessed manly beauty and graceful bearing; in manner, he was frank but cordial, genial, and sympathetic, and in general appearance he was most impressive. I am here reminded of the words of Marcus Aure- lius, who said : ' ' How few be the things, the which if a man has at his command, his life flows gently on and is divine." This was perfectly true 366 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA to him, though he possessed in abundance all things essential to the simple and noble life. He had a peculiar and almost unique grace and charm or manner. While always dignified and selt'-poised, he was not austere, but amiable, gentle and often merry in his disposition and his intercourse with others, but he was never frivolous. He made no empty promises nor did he affect any excessive interest, which is one form of hypocrisy, but was always absolutely dependable and trustworthy. He was not easily disheartened by temporary reverses, but always set his face steadily toward the rising and not the setting sun. If repulsed, he did not repine, but gathering new hope and fresh courage, he fought still more bravely for the final victory, well knowing that ' ' a single breaker may recede when the tide is evidently coming in." He kept before him, as his inspiration to stronger and nobler effort, the spirit of the ancient motto: ' ' I excel and persevere. ' ' By far too big a man, and made in too large a mold to live in any pent- up Utica, he was a citizen of the world, with broad and deep sympathies for all mankind — ever gracious and courteous to strangers and a good Samaritan to the unfortunate wayfarer. His heart was filled with sweet benevolence, and he con- stantly exemplified in his life and work that uni- versal love and charity which we find so touch- ingly expressed in the pathetic words of the poor little cripple, Tiny Tim : ' ' God bless us, every- one. ' ' He led a most blameless life, and when the twilight gathered thick around him, he could review it without any shame or anguish, but with just and honest pride. We have heard that a good man prolongs his own life, for to be able to enjoy one's past is to live again. ' ' He lives twice, who can at once employ The present well and e'en the past enjoy." He loved to live, but did not fear to die ; be- lieving that, under Providence, whatever is, is right; he submitted with perfect resignation to the Divine will. I would commend this perfect model to the young men of the bar of my state for their imita- tion. The mantle of honor which he wore so gracefully and which has fallen so silently and suddenly from his shoulders may soon rest upon yours, if you will receive it. Will you wear it as he did, without spot or blemish? I hope so; but whether so or not, let me warn you, after an experience of many years the benefit of which I freely give you, that never will you achieve success honorably in your profession if you dis- card the virtues of this noble example so worthy of your emulation. fie would be numbered among the best even if the words of the great satirist, Juvenal, be true, that ' ' rare indeed are good men ; in number they are scarcely as many as the gates of Thebes, or the mouths of the wealthy Nile. ' ' An intimate association with him for many years leads me to say that I never saw a more attractive or well-rounded personality, and if the world had known him as I did the universal ver- dict would be that there never lived a stronger, nobler, manlier or courtlier man, or a more chival- rous and knightlier gentleman. As a boy or man, soldier, lawyer, legislator or judge, plain citizen or patriot, he gained easily and always held the highest mark attainable by human effort, quick- ened by noble aspiration. His life was not free from mistakes, for no man 's is. It has been said that ' ' to conduct great matters and never com- mit a fault is above the force of human nature," but his errors were few and sprang from our in- herent weakness and fallibility. If it be true that the measure of a man's life is not its length, but the well spending of it, his was as perfect as human life can be, and will compare with any, even the longest, for it was full of good works and was conformed to the highest type of just and perfect living. Such is my tribute to the life and character of this great and good man, though I am painfully conscious that the portrayal is much too inade- quate, for he was far better than any mere words of mine can make him appear to you. He died on the 13th day of May, 1913, and his last message to his people was a plea for justice and charity toward all men, and that vengeance should have no place in our hearts. He had gathered a full and rich harvest in this world, and was, himself, ripe for the sickle and ready for the reaper at his coming. He needs no monument, nor would he have desired any save the good name which will perpetuate him in the hearts of his people, and there his memory will forever be safe. Cato once said, ' ' I had rather men should ask why my statue is not set up, than why it is." The marble column adds nothing to the lasting example of a well-ordered and well-spent life which has fully answered life's great end. ' ' Pigmies are pigmies still, though perched on Alps; And pyramids are pyramids in vales. Each man makes his own statue, builds himself ; Virtue alone outbuilds the pyramids; Her monuments shall last when Egypt 's fall." We laid him to rest on a tranquil and beautiful evening in the late springtide, where his friends had gathered to pay their last tribute of love and honor to his memory, and there we made his mound. How aptly do the touching words of the eloquent infidel apply to him: "If everyone for whom he had performed some kind of loving service should this day bring a blossom to his grave, he would sleep tonight beneath a wilder- ness of flowers. ' ' After life 's fitful fever may he rest well, until the promise given unto us in the tempestuous evening of the Calvaxy shall have been fulfilled, when he will rise triumphant to the life eternal. Shall we see him again as he walked among us, with his distinguished mien, his grace- ful dignity and his cordial greeting? Will his noble spirit be again embodied in its earthly tene- ment, or, though disembodied, shall we yet see and know it as we knew him? Let each one of us answer this fateful question for himself, but how- ever it may be, we have the promise, which surely will be kept, that if we are faithful, we shall see him again. "Nothing can cover his high fame but heaven, No pyramids set off his memories, But the eternal substance of his greatness — To which I leave him." Written by P. D. Walker. Oouncil Simmons Wooten. A lawyer by pro- fession, a planter and business man, Council Sim- mons Wooten is doubtless best known to the people of the State of North Carolina by his contribu- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 367 tions to literature. He is a recognized authority on the history of many phases of North Carolina life, and has done a noble and much appreciated work in preserving and interpreting the lives of many men eminent in North Carolina history. He has also done much to improve public opinion by his contributions to the newspapers and general press. Mr. Wooten was born in Lenoir County, North Carolina, November 12, 1840. His parents were Council and Eliza (Isler) Wooten. The Wooten stock came originally from Wales, being colonists in about the year 1650. The Isler family came about the same time from Germany. Mr. Wooten 's great-grandfather, Shadrach Wooten, served as an ensign in the Revolutionary army and took part among other engagements in the battle of Moore 'a Creek, North Carolina. This Revolutionary sol- dier served as a member of the State House of Commons from Lenoir County in 1796 and again in 1801. His oldest son, John Wooten, was a member of the State House of Commons in 1808- 09. Council Wooten, youngest son of .John, was a member of the State House of Commons in 1829-30-31-32-35 and 1848, and was also a con- structive worker in the constitutional convention of 1835. The youngest son of this Council, Shadrach Isler Wooten, was a state representa- tive in 1888, and another son. Council S., saw ser- vice in the Legislature in 1894. Thus members of four successive generations of the family were participants in North Carolina legislative affairs m the House of Commons during the period of almost a century, from 1796 to 1894. Mr. Wooten 's maternal grandfather, Williams Isler, married a Miss Williams, sister of Benjamin Williams, who was governor of North Carolina from 1799 to 1807, .and also a sister of Colonel John P. Williams, who fought with the rank of colonel in the Revolutionary war. Council S. Wooten was one of a family of twelve children. His father provided tutors for their instruction and his early education was therefore acquired at home. In 1858 he entered Wake Forest College, where he was graduated in June, 1861. During the war Mr. Wooten held a position in the civil department of the Con- federate Government. At the same time he studied law under Judge Battle and Judge Pearson, and was given a license to practice in 1862 and was admitted to the Superior Court in 1866. In 1867 Mr. Wooten began the practice of law in Golds- boro and continued active in the profession for three years. In 1870 he moved to his plantation, and since that year has given more or less active supervision to his varied farming interests. How- ever, the chief emphasis of his energy since 1870 has fallen upon literature. In that time he has prepared 175 scholarly articles on matters of interest and has also written the biographies of a hundred leading men in North Carolina affairs and also of other states. These biographies for the most part represent the final judgment upon the subjects concerned, and are characterized by a deep insight into the life and times and also by a very solicious and interesting style of portrait- ure. Since 1901 Mr. Wooten has been a regular correspondent for the Charlotte Observer and many of his articles have been widely copied and quoted. He is a member of the Masonic Order and is a deacon in the Baptist church and teacher of the Bible class. On September 2, 1879, Mr. Wooten married Miss Cora Wooten, of Wayne County. Mrs. Wooten died January 7, 1884. She is survived by one child, Eliza, wife of Robert J. Southerland a merchant at Mount Olive, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Southerland have four children, Anna, Robert J. Jr., Cora and Council Wooten Southerland. Hugh Miller Humphrey began life as a tele- graph operator, was in the railroad service in different capacities but f.om that work tui.»ed to the field of insurance, in which he has made his most noteworthy success. Mr. Humphrey is a resident of Goldsboro and from that point man- ages all the business in the state for the National Life Insurance Company of Montpelier, Vermont, Mr. Humphrey was born in Wayne County, North Carolina, July 15, 1876, a son of Hugh and Sarah Elizabeth (Lane) Humphrey. His people were identified with the very early colonial days in North Carolina. Both the Humphreys and Lanes were English. Mr. Humphrey is a grandson of William K. Lane, a prominent North Carolina citizen elsewLere mentioned. The Lane ancestry goes back to Sft- Ralph Lane. Mr. Humphrey 's father -vas a justice of the peace and a United States Commissioner. After an education in the publie schools Hugh M. Humphrey learned telegraphy, was employed as an operator at different points, also combined with those duties the responsibilities of railroad agent and for a time was employed in general offices. On June 1, 1902, he took up life insurance, and for four months was special agent at Wilming- ton and then became superintendent of agencies for North Carolina, representing the Home Life Insurance Company of New York. On June 1, 1904, Mr. Humphrey became general agent in Eastern North Carolina for the National Life of Montpelier, Vermont. In insurance he found himself in a congenial field of work, and has ap- plied his time and efforts to such advantage that he is now recognized as one of the ablest insur- ance men of the state. In 1910 he was made state manager for the National Life at Mont- pelier. He has given his company a premier position in North Carolina among all the New England companies in the production of busi- ness. He has been a member of the executive com- mittee of the North Carolina Life Underwriters' Association since it was formed, and is also a former vice president of that association. He is a member of the Algonquin Club of Goldsboro and is affiliated with the Masonic Order, the Knights Templar and Shrine, and the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows. On February 5, 1908, Mr. Humphrey married Miss India Bumgardner. Her father, Col. William L. Bumgardner, was a very prominent citizen of Stanton, Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Humphrey are affiliated with St. Stephen 's Episcopal Chureh. Hon. Hector MacLean. The successful man- agement of vast property interests and simultan- eous service in public positions of high trust and responsibility call for more than ordinary ability. Many men achieve business prosperity; others rise to high office within the gift of the people, but all do not prove equally efficient along both lines. When an individual is found, therefore, who has demonstrated his capacity as a sound, reliable and stable business man, and who is willing to give of his judgment and efforts towards a betterment of civic conditions, the offices which he accepts are 368 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA likely to benefit through his services. At any rate, this has been true in the ease of Hon. Hector Mac- Lean, of Laurinburg, an extensive farmer of Scot- land County who has succeeded both as an agri- culturist and as a member of the Legislature and State Senate. He is a native of Robeson County, North Carolina, and was born in 1854, being a son of Dr. Angus D. and Mary Jane (MaeEaehin) MacLean. The MacLeans form one of the most distinguish- ed of the notable Scotch families that settled in the lower part of North Carolina. Dr. Angus D. MacLean was born in Robeson County, and was one of the great physicians of his day, ranking with the highest in his profession. He was a son of John MacLean, who immigrated to America from the Isle of Mull, Scotland, in 1793, and set- tled in what was then the upper end of Robeson, now Hoke County in North Carolina. The mother of Hector MacLean was the daugh- ter of Colonel Archibald MaeEaehin, who was the son of Patrick Mae-Eachin, who was one of the first Scotch settlers fn the Cape Pear section of North Carolina of which there is any record. He came from the Highlands of Scotland and settled in what is now Scotland County, North Carolina, on the west side of Lumber River, near the pres- ent village of Riverton, in 1765. Later he settled on the east side of the same river in Robeson County, on what is known in the old land titles as Patrick Mac-Eachin's Bluff. Colonel Archibald MaeEaehin 'a wife was Sallie MacQueen, daughter of Colonel James MacQueen, who was the founder of the famous MacQueen family in North Caro- lina. Hector MacLean was born and reared on his father's plantation and was educated in some of the best schools of the state. In 1877 he was mar- ried to Miss Eliza Patterson and in that year set- tled in what is now Scotland County, but which at that time was a part of Richmond County, the place of his location being about four miles west of Laurinburg. He engaged in farming on a large scale there and became, as he is now, one of the largest and most successful farmers in North Caro- lina. His farms lie adjacent to Elmore Station on the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, and are from three to five miles west of Laurinburg. He has several fine farms in cultivation, aggregating near- ly 1,000 acres. One of the best of these is what is known as the Stalkins place, comprising over 500 acres. The property on which is situated his home, at Elmore, is a sixteen-horse farm and is also a very fine tract. On these farms are carried on general farming and cotton and corn raising, and of late years Mr. MacLean has gone exten- sively into the growing of canteloupes and water- melons, in which industry he was a pioneer. His activities in this direction may be deduced from the fact that in 1916 he had 400 acres in water- melons and 150 acres in canteloupes, his farms be- ing among the largest shippers of this product. Mr. MacLean 's partner in his farming and other business enterprises at Elmore is Mr. Arch P. Gib- son, a man of the highest business capacity and integrity, who has made a notable success in life. The firm name is MacLean & Gibson, and in addi- tion to the farming industries referred to this concern carries on a mercantile and ginning busi- ness at Elmore, as well as an extensive fertilizer business, being very large buyers and mixers of guano and fertilizer ingredients. Mr. MacLean has enjoyed a most satisfactory career in public and political life. He was elected and served during several sessions as a member of both the Lower House and the Senate, his most notable act, perhaps, being the fathering of the bill under which his home county, Scotland, was created in 1900, it being formed from a part of Richmond County. In 1877 Mr. MacLean was married to Miss Eliza Patterson, daughter of the late Dr. Archibald Pat- terson and his wife, Mary Ann (Pairley) Patter- son. The Patterson country home, where Mrs. MacLean was born, was "Oakland," one of the fine old plantations of the earlier years, situated within three miles of the town of Laurinburg. Doctor Patterson was ' ' the ' ' physician of all the surrounding country for a long number of years, was a notable man in his profession, of the finest talents, and a man of the loftiest character. He was of Scotch parentage. Mrs. MacLean was edu- cated in the Burwell School at Charlotte and at Peace Institute, its successor, now located at Raleigh. She has been of great assistance to her husband in his business career, and is intensely devoted to her church work and to welfare work in the community, having taken in particular a great interest in the labor of providing adequate religious and educational facilities for the mill workers in the vicinity of Elmore and Laurel Hill. Mr. and Mrs. MacLean are the parents of three children: Dr. Peter, a prominent young practicing physician of Laurinburg; and the Misses Katie and Lila MacLean. James Edward Kirkman. It is a notable group of men who have been the responsible factors in giving High Point its position as the second larg- est furniture manufacturing center in America. Almost from the time the hum of machinery in that town began attracting notice all over the state and the South one of the interesting figures in the city 's manufacturing as well as in its civic affairs has been James Edward Kirkman. Mr. Kirkman was born at Pomona, in Guilford County, North Carolina, in 1862. He is a stalwart American and his Americanism is deeply rooted not only in the present but in the past. His an- cestral history is briefly stated as follows: In colonial times four brothers of Scotch-Irish stock came to America. One of these brothers settled in Tennessee, another in Missouri, and a third in Kentucky. The fourth, William Kirkman, located in the vicinity of old Alamance Church, in what is now Guilford County. His son William, Jr., was born near old Alamance Church and for a number of years lived at Ryan's Cross Roads. After his second marriage he moved to Mount Airey and died there. The maiden name of his first wife was Elizabeth Poor. She was born about nine miles south of Greensboro, a daughter of Jerry and Betsy Poor. She died leaving five chil- dren, named Maria, Rhoda, James Larkm, Robert and Elizabeth. Elizabeth is still living, about ninety years of age, the widow of James N. Irwin. She has sixty-two grandchildren, more great-grand- children than she ean count, and six great-great- grandchildren. James Larkin Kirkman, father of James Ed- ward, was born at Ryan's Cross Roads five miles south of Pomona in 1826. Left motherless when a child, he was reared by Nathan Hiatt. Hiatt owned land now included in the Van Lindley Nursery, and was also a saddle maker, a trade he taught James L. Kirkman. At that time there was scarcely a carriage in Guilford County. Men, women and children went to church and made HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 369 other journeys on horseback, and there was con- sequently a demand for saddles that taxed the capacity of all the local shops. From saddle making James L. Kirkman in 1861 entered the service of a railroad with home at Pomona, and in 1879 moved to High Point, living there until !■ ir- death at the age of seventy-sis. He married Timersia Bevill. She was born in the northern part of Guilford County and died at the age of forty-live. They reared eight children, named Eliz- abeth, Julia, William T., Nathan G., Jennie, James Edward, Charles W. and Joseph L. The first school James Edward Kirkman at- tended was kept in a log cabin. There were no glass windows and the openings were covered with wooden shutters. The seats were of slab timbers, set up from the floor with wooden pins, and of course, had no desks in front of them. A broad pine board against the wall served as a desk for the larger scholars to write upon. Later Mr. Kirk- man attended a brick sehoolhouse on the present site of the Guilford County Fair Grounds. After his parents removed to High Point he attended a public school, the teacher being Major Lynch, a former instructor in Horner 's Institute. While still a boy Mr. Kirkman went to work for Capt. William H. Snow, who was then in partnership with Seabury Perry. Later when the plant was burned and the partnership dissolved Mr. Kirkman continued with Captain Snow in a newly erected plant. Eventually he devoted his entire energies to the sash and blind factory of Captain Snow. When this plant was leased by E. A. Snow, son of Captain Snow, Mr. Kirkman continued in the business and eventually became financially interested. Thus step by step he entered into the business and industry which has made High Point notable among the cities of North Carolina. Mr. Kirk- man is now one of the directors and is manager of the Snow Lumber Company, has many other corporation interests and is the principal stock- holder, president and treasurer of the Giant Fur- niture Company, a stockholder in the Tomhnson Chair Company, Southern Chair Company, North Carolina Wheel Company, the Rankin Coffin and Casket Company, the High Point Milling Company. and is a stockholder in the Commercial National Bank, the Alamance Bank at Graham, the Ash- boro Bank at Ashboro, the Madison Bank at Mad- ison, and the High Point Savings and Trust Com- pany. In 1692 he married Miss Bettie Hunt Sapp. She was born at High Point, daughter of Dr. An- drew J. and Mrs. (Hunt) Sapp. They have two daughters, Avery Irma and Maud Marguerite. Mr. Kirkman is affiliated with Numa F. Eeid Lodge No. 344, A. F. and A. M.; with the Royal Arch Chapter and Knight Templar Commandery, with Repeton Lodge No. 6?.. Independent Order of Odd Fellows; Piedmont Camp No. 92, Wood- men of the World; Guilford Council No. 23, Junior Order United American Mechanics, and with Lodge No. 115.3 of the Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of Elks. As the foregoing indicates, Mr. Kirkman is a man of many interests and has shown a great capacity in handling well every responsibility con- ferred "upon him. This article would not be com- plete without reference to his political activities, which have made him one of the leaders of the democratic party in his part of the state. Twice he has served his home town in the capacity of alderman. In 1910 he was elected a member of Vol. V— 24 the General Assembly by a large majority over his opponent. In 1908 he served as a delegate from the Fifth District to the National Demo- cratic Convention at Denver, where William Jen- nings Bryan was renominated. Mr. Kirkman, like man)" other whole-souled and busy Americans, is now giving a large part of his time to the varied activities that are promoting the war and the rebuilding of an intense Americanism and a new unity in American life. Andrew Jackson Sapp, M. D. While the chief business and interest of his life consisted in utmost devotion to and fulfillment of his responsibilities as a physician, Doctor Sapp was also identified in a business way with the City of High Point, and must be reckoned as one of the factors in its early history and development. As a pioneer resi- dent of High Point he helped to lay out the town, and the broad streets of this city are a monument to his keen foresight, as the other members of the board were opposed to them. In surveying the hundred foot Main Street the present generation might well feel proud and thankful to him for his wisdom and foresight in looking into the future when the town might grow to need the broad streets which seemed so useless then. He was born on a farm near Winston-Salem in. 1815, a son of Newell and Sarah Sapp. During his youth he acquired a good education in the schools of the time, and completed his medical training in Illinois. For a long period of years he practiced his profession, and was regarded as one of the most competent physicians and surgeons in his locality. A host of people looked upon his skill and advice as invaluable, and this advice was frequently sought by his professional brethren. As a resident of High Point he helped organize the First National Bank, and was its first vice presi- dent and held that office until his death. Though a. democrat, he never found time amid the range of his professional work to take much part in politics. Doctor Sapp married Mary Ann Hunt, daughter of Ithamar Hunt, of Friendship, North Carolina. To their marriage were born three children. The only son, Avery B. Sapp, is now deceased. The two living daughters are Mrs. J. A. Lindsay and Mrs. J. E. Kirkman. William Thorogood Pate, M. D. In a con- spicuous place on the roll of Scotland county's eminent members of the medical profession is found the name of Dr. William Thorogood Pate, a native of the community in which he has always made his home, and a splendid type of the learned and skilled practioner whose record is an indica- tion that success is ambition 's answer. For thirty-two years he has been engaged in practice at Gibson, where he has not only arisen to a high place in his profession, but is also widely known in financial and business circles, and in the vari- ous affairs which combine to make for progress and good government. He was born at the old Pate home, within a mile of the present Town of Gibson, in what was then Richmond and is now Scotland County, in 1860, and is a son of George Thorogood and Mary (Adams) Pate. Historians and genealogists assert that the name of Pate, when the ancestors of this family lived in Scotland, was Patterson, but that through residence. of a generation or so in Wales the name became changed to Pate on account of the peculi- arities of Welsh vowelization. The given name 370 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Thorogood is an historic one in the family, it having been borne by Doctor Pate 's great-grand- father, his grandfather, his father, himself and by his eldest son. The home place of the Pate family in Scotland County is where the great-grandfather of Doctor Pate, Thorogood Pate, a Scotch-Irish- man from Wales, settled in 1764, and his descend- ants have lived on this property ever since, some- thing quite unusual in American families. When the original ancestor settled here it was Anson County, there being at that time but three coun- ties in the state. By subsequent division of Anson County the Pate home became a part of Richmond County, and still later, by another division, of Scotland County. The town of Gibson, which is of modern growth, adjoins the old Pate home lands. Thorogood Pate had four sons, the youngest of whom was Thorogood Pate (II), who was a prominent figure in the early history of North Carolina, being a delegate to the Constitu- tional Convention and several times a member of the Legislature, as well as a large planter and prosperous merchant. George Thorogood Pate, the father of Doctor Pate, was born on the family homestead in 1836 and has passed his entire life there, having de- voted his energies to farming and planting. Dur- ing the war between the states he served as a captain in the Home Militia, and he has always been one of his community's most highly esteemed and most public-spirited citizens. He is widely known as an authority on local history and his interesting reminiscences of earlier years are always attentively listened to. Mrs. Pate, who also survives, was born in Marlboro County, South Carolina. A younger brother of Doctor Pate, Zeb V. Pate, is one of the leading merchants of the Carolinas and has had a remarkably successful career as a business man. His establishment at Gibson is said to be the largest of any country store under one roof in the South, while his store at Laurel Hill, although not housed in so large and fine a building, does a still larger business. He also has mercantile and commercial interests at other points in North and South Carolina. William Thorogood Pate was educated primarily at old Trinity College in Randolph County, under that greatest of all North Carolina educators, Dr. B. Craven, and was graduated from that fa- mous institution with the class of 1883. Following this he enrolled as a student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Baltimore, where he secured his medical training and was graduated in 1885 with his degree, and then took various post- graduate courses at Baltimore, particularly in the diseases of women, a field in which he has 'won far greater than local reputation. Following his graduation in 1885 he began his professional labors at Gibson, where he has since been in the enjoy- ment of a practice that has grown steadily in size and importance and which has led him to a position where he is ranked among the leading practitioners of this part of the state. Doctor Pate belongs to the Scotland County Medical Society, the North Carolina Medical Society and the South- ern Medical Association. He has had the honor of having been for seven years state bacteriolo- gist for North Carolina, with his laboratory at Gibson, and after being selected for this im- portant post was sent to Washington, District of Columbia, where he received special in- struction and training in preparation for this work under the Government. While the duties of his profession occupy the major part of the in other directions, being a farmer on a large scale with several valuable, properties in this section, president of the Bank of Gibson, and interested generally in the various business life of the section. Like other intelligent and public- spirited men he takes an interest in the civic and public affairs of Gibson and Scotland County and has given of his best talents in the promotion of beneficial movements. Doctor Pate married Miss Mattie Gibson, a mem- ber of a very prominent family of this section of the state, for which the town of Gibson was named, and their sons are Dr. James, Thomas and William T., Jr. Dr. James Pate is a young physician of fine abilities and comprehensive education and a graduate of the medical department of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, class of 1916. He is now associated witli his father in the practice of his profession and gives promise of upholding the elder man 's reputation. Leon Watson, M. D. The Village of Broad- way in Lee County has been the scene of activ- ities of members of the Watsou family for a great many years, where they have figured as farmers, manufacturers, merchants and prjfes- sional men. The Watsons are of stanch Scotch Presbyterian stock, and were among the pioneer Scotch families in that part of Moore County which is now Lee County. The late M. McFarland Watson, father of Doctor Watson, was one of the leading men in that section of country and is properly credited with doing much to make Broadway a town of importance. In his young manhood he served in Company F of the 50th North Carolina Infantry during the war between the states. Following that struggle he sought new fields in the far South- west and lived for about nine years in and around Fort Worth, Texas. On his return to his native county he engaged in the turpentine distilling industry at Broadway, then only a postoffice, and without any business activities of any importance whatever. M. McFarland Watson was iu fact the pioneer business man of what is now the rich and growing Town of Broadway, situated in th3 center of an agricultural section that has be- come famous for its productive wealth. He con- tinued as a turpentine manufacturer until the turpentine resources were worked out in this sec- tion of the state. He had also steadily pursued his primary vocation as a farmer and really fol- lowed farming all the active years of his life until his death in 1908, at the age of seventy-two. He was a quiet and unassuming man, enjoyed the highest esteem of all, was a member of the Presbyterian Church and was well worthy of the character of a solid and substantial citizen. He married Elizabeth Lassiter, and she died in 1915, Dr. Leon Watson was born at the home of his parents at Broadway in 1878, was educated there in the public schools, and studied medicine in the medical department of Davidson College at Davidson. He graduated M. D. with the class of 1900, and for a time practiced at Hope Mills in Cumberland County, then a busy cotton mill center. Returning to his old home at Broad- way, he resumed his practice and such are his character and abilities that his services are now in great demand over a large scope of territory in the eastern part of Lee County and the west- ern part of Harnett County. His profession does not represent his only interest in the community. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 371 He is a retail druggist and has the only drug >tore at Broadway, and spends much of his time supervising his farm within and adjoining the town. With his sister, Miss Alberta, he occupies the old Watson home at Broadway, where the family have lived for many years. Doctor Watson is q member of the County and State Medical societies, belongs to the Presbyte- rian Church, and is an active and public spirited citizen in the rapidly expanding activities and importance of the country of which Broadway is the center. Robert L. Burns. Thoroughly equipped in every way for a successful lawyer, not only by reason of a thorough and comprehensive legal training but also through the possession of natural abilities of a very high order, Robert L. Burns has established an enviable reputation in legal circles of Moore County and at the present time is one of the leading members of the Carthage bar. Mr. Burns has worked out his own success, as he started life with few advantages and was forced to make his own opportunities, and thus his present pros- perity and position are the more creditable and satisfying. He is a true product of this part of North Carolina, for here he was born and reared, here he received his literary training aud his law education, and here, with the exception of two years, his entire life has been passed and his des- tiny worked out. Mr. Burns was born on his father 's farm in Moore County, North Carolina, in 1867, and is a son of J. F. and Ann (Brown) Burns. As his name would indicate, he is of pure Scotch aneestry, but the family has resided in America for a num- ber of generations. His father, J. F. Burns, was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, but several years prior to the outbreak of the war between the states changed his place of residence to Moore County. He was one of the old-time gold miners of North Carolina, a business which he followed off and on from 1853 until 1903, a great deal of this time being spent in the western part of Moore County, chiefly about fifteen miles west of Carthage. He said in later years, in answer to inquiries in regard to the subject, that during his lifetime he had probably taken about three times his own weight in gold out of the soil of his native state. In addition to his gold mining oper- ations Mr. Burns followed the vocation of farm-' ing, and at times owned several different farms in Moore County. He was accounted as being a skilled miner and an able farmer, was a good, quiet citizen and a substantial man who had many friends in the communitv. His death occurred in 1906. Robert L. Burns secured his early educational training in the public schools of the country dis- tricts of Moore County, principally under Profes- sor Street Brewers, one of the ablest teachers the state has produced. Following this he enrolled as a student at Tom Robinson's school at Liberty. T'nder these preceptors Mr. Burns, who was a bright and energetic youth, with ready adaptation and a keen and retentive mind, made rapid prog- ress. He attended Wake Forest College for four years, graduating from this college in 1891, and while there he was prominent in athletics, being a member of the foot ball team for four years. He had decided upon the law as the pro- fession in which to test his abilities, and after spending two years as a teacher in the City Schools of Palestine, Texas, he took up the study of law at the University of North Carolina, and finished the law course under Dr. Maurice and Judge Shep- herd in the fall of 1894, and received license to practice law in September, 1894. Since receiving his license, he has practiced law in Moore County, the county of his birth, and he has resided at Carthage. He opened an office for the practice of his profession, the study of which he had never given up, and after passing through the probation period that must be bridged by all young lawyers, finally got a foothold upon the ladder. From that day he has been steadily climbing toward a higher and better success. During the twenty-four years of his practice he has become one of the successful lawyers of this section of North Carolina, enjoy- ing a large and general practice in the various state and federal courts and representing a num- ber of important interests, private and corporate, in court actions of a complicated and important character. Mr. Burns is the unopposed candidate for the State Senate in the Twenty-first District, being nominated in the democratic primary in June, 1918. He takes an active and prominent part in the varied business and social activities of the beau- tiful little City of Carthage, and, quite naturally, has a particular interest in the betterment of the schools and the elevation and advancement of the cause of education. It was he who drew up the bill which was passed by the North Carolina Legis- lature under which was established the Sand Hills Farm Life School, a most excellent institution, which is located near Carthage in Moore County. Mr. Burns married Miss Emma L. Muse, a mem- ber of an old, prominent and highly respected fam- ily of North Carolina which has lived for several generations in Moore County. They are the parents of five interesting and talented children: Howard F., Robert L., Jr., Edward J., Sarah A. and Paul. Mr. and Mrs. Burns and their children are mem- bers of the Methodist Church. Their home, ' ' Moss- giel, " at Carthage is a beautiful structure of Colonial architecture, a center of warm Southern hospitality, and one of the show places in a beau- tiful little city that is noted for its handsome homes. J. Frazier Glenn. By environment and expe- rience Judge J. Frazier Glenn is well fitted for public service. Born and reared on a farm, and even now an extensive crop producer at his country place, ' ' Glenwood, ' ■' near Asheville, and so incul- cated with the ideals of simple and normal life, trained and experienced as a lawyer for fifteen years, well informed in business affairs through his management of a successful mining and manu- facturing enterprise; brought in touch with public needs through four years' service as an alderman of Asheville and two years as a member of the North Carolina Legislature from Buncombe County, Judge Glenn was equipped to assume the responsible duties of judge of the Asheville Police Court, to which he was elected in May, 1915, when the city changed to the non-partisan form of gov- ernment. Prior to this time Judge Glenn was for two years city corporation counsel, and before that had served as prosecuting attorney of Police Court. As judge of the Police Court Judge Glenn has proved a practical idealist, no less sympathetic than just, but not swerved from the path of duty by any maudlin sentiment which defeats the pur- poses of real reformation sought. As police judge he is also judge of the Asheville Juvenile Court, which has jurisdiction of youthful delinquents, and 372 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA he is unceasingly persistent in his efforts for good, observing no office hours in the public service but taking its problems home with him for consider- ation. In carrying out his ideas of reform, of saving the young delinquents and making them good cit- izens, Judge Glenn organized the Juvenile Pro- tective Association, of which all the public school teachers are members, and the Buncombe County Welfare Association, composed largely of minis- ters and women welfare workers of the city. Through an act passed by the Legislature in 1917, this latter organization was given power to care for fallen women, and became the first organiza- tion of its kind in the South. Judge Glenn makes use of every available re- ' source for helping delinquents. He has utilized the "Big Brother" movement, and has instituted a system of paroles which require report to him at frequent intervals. A Sunday school for delin- quent colored children is held in the Police Court room. Practical results indicate the fact that since Judge Glenn went on the bench records of crime show a reduction of fifty per cent. A record of Judge Glenn's activities in the way of reformation would not be complete without mention of the establishment through his instru- mentality by the county commissioners of a public farm where boys are taught farming and other industrial occupations. J. Frazier Glenn was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, February '6, 1875, the son of Marian S. and Martha Ann (Curtis) Glenn. His father was a farmer and for many years served as county commissioner. Judge Glenn attended the public schools and high school, and later the noted Bingham Military School near Asheville, and in 1902 was graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the University of North Carolina. Before enter- ing on the practice of law in Asheville in May, 1903, he completed a business college course. This business course was not without immediate practical use, since Judge Glenn beeame interested in the mining and manufacturing of talc, being secretary and treasurer and general manager of the Georgia Tale Company, whose offices are in Asheville and whose plants are located at Chats- worth, Georgia, Marshall, North Carolina, and at Candler, North Carolina. Business duties, gen- eral law practice and public service all receive full and careful attention by Judge Glenn because a strong constitution and unremitting energy are at his command, it being a local saying that work is his favorite occupation. Judge Glenn was married on December 19, 1905, to Miss Eunice Woodard Farmer, daughter of Woodard E. and Frances T. (Greenwood) Farmer, of Wilson, North Carolina. Mrs. Glenn's father was officially connected with the Atlantic Coast Line Railway at Wilson, North Carolina, for many years. Mrs. Glenn was educated at the Wilson High School and the State Normal for Women at Greensboro, North Carolina. Judge and Mrs. Glenn have a family of four children : John Frazier, Jr., Eunice Farmer, Marion Woodard and Francis Thornton Glenn. William Preston Rose. Goldsboro has much reason back of its claim to be a modern, beautiful city, with advantages of every kind to attract capital for business investment, as well as for the establishing of permanent homes. It is exceeingly attractive to the eye because of its beautiful style of architecture as well as its appearance of sta- bility of construction and to no one in this con- nection is greater credit due than to William Preston Rose, the leading contractor and builder here. William Preston Rose was born in Wayne County, North Carolina, June 6, 1870, and belongs to one of the old settled families of this section, the first of the name having come here from Vir- ginia three generations ago. His parents were George Pinekney and Nancy (Brunt) Rose. His father, a millwright by trade, was also engaged in agricultural operations. After his public school course Mr. Rose be- came a student for a time in Turlington Institute. He then learned the carpenter trade and in the course of time became a contractor and still later, through diligent study of architecture, became able not only to erect buildings but also design them. This led into general contracting and this has been Mr. Rose 's business for a number of years, each year finding his reputation more widely ex- tended and his contracts of greater and still greater importance and volume. He has done a large part of the modern building at Goldsboro and all through Wayne County and has many fine structures to his credit in other parts of the state. In 1914 Mr. Rose built the handsome Wayne County courthouse and recently has completed the spacious Borden office building, one of the fine modern structures at Goldsboro. He secured the contract and satisfactorily completed the fine Elks' Temple at Newbern, North Carolina. The magnificent courthouse at Whiteville, North Caro- lina, and the Hemingway school at Wilmington are his work, as are also three public school buildings at Fayetteville, North Carolina. He also was the general contractor that built Mercy Hospital at Charlotte, North Carolina, and the stadium at Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Mr. Rose was the contractor and builder of the J. & D. Tire & Rubber Company plant at Charlotte, North Caro- lina. His work is characterized by thoroughness in every detail and integrity in every supply and in his field of endeavor his name is a synonym for reliability. Mr. Rose was married first to Miss Fannie Gran- tham, who was born also in Wayne County, North Carolina, and they had three children: Ruth, Robert Barton and William Preston. Mr. Rose's second marriage was to Miss Jennie Pollok, who was born in Virginia. Mr. Rose is a member of the Goldsboro Cham- ber of Commerce. He is a director of the People 's Bank and Trust Company and is extensively interested in farming. He was one of the organ- izers of the famous Algonquin Club. He is public spirited as a citizen but not active politically. Henry Burwell Marrow, a North Carolina educator, also qualified as a lawyer, is superin- tendent of the public schools of Smithfield. and during the past eight or nine years has enjoyed several of the larger positions and more im- portant responsibilities in connection with the administration of the public schools in the state. Mr. Marrow was born at Williamsboro, North Carolina, May 4, 1887, a son of Thomas T. and Carrie (Burwell) Marrow. His father was a farmer and the son grew up in a rural environ- ment, attended the Henderson High School, and for two years taught the eleventh grade of the Henderson public schools. During this period of his teaching he also attended a business college. In 1008, entering the University of North HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 373 Carolina, he pursued the classical course and graduated A. B. in 1912. The following two years he remained at Chapel Hill as principal of the City High School and at the same time carried work in the law department of tne State University. In 1915 he was admitted to the North Carolina bar, but so far has found the attractions and duties of educational work too strong for him to resist. From 1915 to 1917 he was principal of the Brattleboro High School, and in May, 1917, was elected superintendent of City Schools of Smithfield, where he has one of the better school systems of the state under his ad- ministration and supervision. He is a member of the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly. On December 27, 1917, Mr. Marrow married Miss Pearl Hildebrand, daughter of Miles Pinckney Hildebrand, a merchant at Morgantown, North Carolina, and Delia (Smith) Hildebrand. Hon. Union L. Spence. The career of Hon. Union L. Spence, of Carthage, is an illustration of the rewards attainable in a life of industry and probity, and in its range has invaded a number of fields of endeavor. His earliest vocation was that of school teaching, which he followed in order to further his own education, subsequently he entered the law, in which he has risen to a high place among the professional men of Moore County, later he became interested in finance, in which he still continues as president of the Bank of Moore, and at all times he has been a public-spirited citi- zen and an active factor in the affairs of the beau- tiful and thriving little City of Carthage, of which he has been for two or three terms and now is mayor. Union L. Spence was born August 20, 1867, in Stanley County, North Carolina, a son of Daniel and Margaret Ann (Beeves) Spence. His father was born in Pasquotank County, North Carolina, and when a small boy moved with his parents to Randolph County, where he grew to manhood, af- terward living in Davidson County and finally lo- cating in Stanley County. He died there in 1877. The home of Union L. Spence, where he was born, was about six miles from Albemarle, the county seat, and about two miles form the present Town of Badin, where is being built the great power in- dustry of the Southern Aluminum Company, op- erated by water power from the Yadkin River. He was reared on the farm, his father being an agriculturist, and his boyhood surroundings were rural in character, his task being that of dis- charging the duties that fell to the lot of most farmers' sons of his day and locality. His pre- liminary educational training was secured in the school at Palmersville, which was taught by Oliver C. Hamilton, and later he attended Oak Ridge In- stitute in Guilford County. Desiring further train- ing and having decided upon a professional career, he began teaching school in order to earn the means for his further education, and after several years as a teacher in smaller schools became prin- cipal of Bain Academy in Mecklenburg County, a post which he retained for two years. Later he also taught at other places, and gained such an excellent reputation as an educator that he would no doubt have risen to a high place in that pro- fession, but his intentions and inclinations were toward the law and all his spare time was devoted to its study, even while his duties as instructor were heavy and exacting. Eventually he enrolled as a student in the law department of the Univer- sity of North Carolina, which he attended in 1892 and 1893. Graduating with his degree in the latter year, he commenced the practice of his profession at Troy, the county seat of Montgomery County, but in 1894 located permanently at his present home, Carthage, the county seat of Moore County. Here he has built up a large and successful law- practice in all the courts, being the representative of numerous important interests. He is justly ac- counted one of the thorough and highly skilled legists of Moore County and his connection with numerous prominent cases of complicated litigation has shown the confidence which is placed in his abilities and fidelity. As president of the Bank of Moore he has made this institution one of the most substantial and successful in this part of the state, and in addition he has been a potent factor in business affairs. No enterprise calculated to advance the interests of the community is consid- ered complete unless it has his support, and few men have done more for the community of their residence. It is to the efforts of such men as Sen- ator Spence that the credit for the civic beauty and prosperity of Carthage are due. It is but natural for a man of Senator Spence "s attainments to take a leading part in public life. He early aligned himself with the forces of the democratic party, and after holding several offices of minor importance, in 1903 was elected to the North Carolina State Senate, representing the dis- trict comprising the counties of Moore, Chatham, Richmond and Scotland. In the deliberations and labors of that distinguished body he gave an excel- lent account of himself. After his return to Car- thage he was elected mayor of the city, a position which he still 'retains. In this capacity he has done much to attain civic improvements for the place of his adoption, and the finances of Carthage have been handled in a businesslike manner decidedly gratifying to the taxpayers. In 1916 Senator Spence was a candidate before the primaries for the democratic nomination for Congress, but was defeated in a race in which there were a number of candidates, and in which he received the next to the largest vote. Mr. Spence is chairman of the local Exemption Board. He and the members of his family belong to the Methodist Church. Senator Spence married Miss Mary Worthy, daughter of Alexander Worthy, granddaughter of Sheriff Worthy of Moore County, and a member of one of the oldest families of this part of the state. They are the parents of one son : Union L., Jr. J. Hampton Adams. Without the live and quickening energy of Mr. Adams the prosperous industrial history of High Point would doubtless be very different from what it is. Mr. Adams has been a real constructive factor in the life and affairs of that community for many years. If a list were compiled of twenty of the institutions that have most to do with the growth and devel- opment of the city, Mr. Adams' name would be found as an organizer or executive official in at least a third of them. It is an interesting testi- mony to his personal ability that when he came to High Point he was content to fit himself into the community in the humble sphere of a book- keeper. He is in fact a self-made man, having earned his education and every step of advance- ment to his present prominence. He represents an old colonial family of South Carolina. His birth occurred on a plantation near the Town of Adamsville, in Marlboro County of that state. His first American ancestor was .Jonathan 374 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Adams, who was born in Ireland of Scotch an- cestry. As a young man he came to America and sought a home in the wilds of what is now Marl- boro County, South Carolina. He secured land near the present site of Adamsville, and he and his wife, Mary, were living there when the war broke out with Great Britain. He entered the Colonial Army and fought throughout that entire struggle. He and his wife reared three sons : William, Shbckley and John. It is through the son William that the present line of lineage extends. William was a boy when the Revolution was fought. While his father was away in the army a band of tories raided Marl- boro County. They made a prisoner of the boy, and tried every means in their power to induce him to tell the whereabouts of certain individuals and of certain buried treasure. He refused. When the tories found they could not bribe him they began threatening him with personal violence. He was made of the stuff of real patriots, and though quite young his sense of responsibility was strong and he refused to endanger the life of friends by- divulging any facts. His assailants put a rope around his neck, threw it over a limb and drew him up twice, letting him down in the expectation that he would relent. Before pulling him up the third time they said they would let him hang, and when this threat failed to move him they carried out their promise. Fortunately the mother of the boy happened along before life was extinct, let him down and revived him. He lived many years, and was a successful planter and lifelong resident of Marlboro County. He married Mary Marine. Their son William, better known in the community as Branch Billy, was also a Marlboro County planter, and married Sally Fletcher. These were the three generations of the family preceding the father of J. Hampton Adams. He was Jonathan Adams, who in ante-bellum days operated the plantation in Marlboro County and employed a number of slaves. When the war came on he donned a Confederate uniform and was in the struggle to the end. Later he superintended his plantation with free labor and lived there until his death at the age of seventy-two. Jonathan Adams married Martha Jane Newton, who is now living at MeColl, in Marlboro county. She was the mother of ten children, nine daughters and one son. J. Hampton Adams had a high school education in his native county. His instincts and inclina- tions were all toward a business career, and while he had no capital he was willing to work and con- tent to abide by the decisions of the world as to his ability and usefulness. For a time he served as bookkeeper with W. B. Adams & Company. After a year and a half he gave up this work to improve his educational opportunities by attending Oak Ridge Institute. After that for two and a half years he was bookkeeper for F. P. Tatum at MeColl, South Carolina, and in January, 1899, came to High Point. His first experience at High Point was as book- keeper for the Eagle Furniture Company. But he was too resourceful a man to be kept down and at the end of a year and a half he organized the High Point Overall Company, and was secretary and treasurer of that prosperous concern for five years. In the meantime his interests rapidly ex- panded. He organized and became secretary and treasurer and is now president and manager of the High Point Hosiery Company. He also organ- ized and is president and manager of the Pied- mont Mills, is organizer, president and manager of the Highland Cotton Mills No. 1 and No. 2; is organizer and president of the Kernersville Knit- ting Company at Kernersville, is president of the Ragan Knitting Mills Company of Thomasville, which was established in 1918; is vice president of the Bank of Commerce at High Point, and is president of the Consolidated Mill Company, a firm of commission merchants which was organized in 1906. With all these connections to his credit it is not difficult to understand what his associates say of him that he has done as much as any other one man to make High Point what it is. In 1906 Mr. Adams married Elizabeth Barnes. She was born in Marlboro County, South Carolina, daughter of James and Ellen (Leggett) Barnes. They have two daughters, Nell and Elizabeth. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are active members of the Wesley Memorial Church, and he is serving on its Board of Stewards. Fraternally he is affiliated with Numa F. Reid Lodge No. 344, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; High Point Chapter No. 70, Royal Arch Masons. ; High Point Commandery No. 24 Knights Templar, and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. James M. Vaughn, of Madison, has had a busy career as a farmer, merchant and banker and is member of one of the oldest and most interesting families in that part of Rockingham County. His grandfather was of Scotch ancestry and a native of Virginia. Considering the time of his youth he acquired a very good education. When a. young man he came to Rockingham County and for a number of years earned his living by teach- ing country schools. He married a daughter of Dr. Theophilus and Diana (Mallory) Carter. Her father was a native of Virginia and served as a surgeon in the Revolutionary war. Joseph Mitchell Vaughn, father of James M., was born in his parents' log house near Rocky Springs in Rockingham County in 1834. There were few schools which he could attend, and from an early age he was self supporting. He began his business career working in a tobacco factory, and later traveled over the South as a tobacco sales- man. It was from a number of years of hard work in this line that he accumulated the modest capital with which he embarked in a mercantile business for himself. His success as a merchant was pronounced and he enlisted his profits in farm property. In 1874 he bought the estate long known as Rural Retreat, a part of which is in the village of Madison. Its lands extend across the Dan River and comprise several hundred acres of fertile valley soil. It is a picturesque as well as valuable property. The commodious brick house in colonial style was constructed more than a hundred years ago and has always been kept in the best of repair, and is one of the fine homes of that locality. It is surrounded by ample grounds, covered with various shade trees and fruit and shrubs, and the view from the grounds is an impressive one stretching across the Dan River Valley to the hills beyond. Joseph Mitchell Vaughn lived there in honorable retirement and with all the comforts of life until his death June 21, 1916. He married Cassandra Black, who is still living in Rural Retreat. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, while her husband was a Methodist. She was born in Madison and her father, Pleasant Black, was born in Virginia. Left an orphan at an early age, he had to depend upon his own resources aud was earning his living when 0ht«. -f— HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 375 a boy. "When a young man he came to Rocking- ham County and was one of the first settlers of Madison. That was long before any railroads were built. He kept a hotel and stage station on one of the main traveled roads, and provided large pens and yards in which horses, cattle and hogs could be corraled over night. Such local stock stations were necessary at a time when all stock was driven overland, and large numbers of cattle and other livestock from northern markets were at that time driven south into South Carolina and Georgia. He also had a store and usually hauled his merchandise from Fredericksburg, Virginia, with a four-horse team. Occasionally a load of merchandise was brought up the Dan River by boats manned by a crew of his slaves. Pleasant Black lived in that locality until his death at the age of ninety-four. He was three times married and the mother of Cassandra was Matilda Dalton, a native of Rockingham County who lived to be eighty years of age. Joseph M. Vaughn and wife had four children: Edgar, James M., Robert G. and Luola, wife of Harry J. Penn. James M. Vaughn was reared in Madison, at- tended the local schools there, and later was a student in Oak Ridge Institute and the Bingham School at Mebane. His business career began as clerk in his father's general store at Madison. Later he used his own capital to establish and manage a store and was in the mercantile business for a number of years. In the meantime he had bought some farm lands and has continued the oversight of his fields and crops. In 1917 Mr. Vaughn organized and has since been president of the Farmers Bank at Madison. In his twenty-fourth year he married Florence Payne. She was born six miles south of Madison, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Fay) Payne. Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn have one son, Thomas Payne, who is the soldier of the family in the great war and now at the front in France. He graduated from the Madison High School and is now serving with the American Expeditionary Forces in Company L of the Eleventh Infantry. J. Frank Wilkes. In the large manufac- turing interests of a country are undoubtedly found the stable foundations upon which indus- rial prosperity rests, and the successful devel- opment of enterprises in the manufacturing field determines a country 's importance both at home and in foreign lands. Opportunities may lie on every hand and the time may seem ripe for the launching of concerns in many directions, but without men of power, foresight and business acumen to take advantage of conditions, nothing is done and naught accomplished. It is through the efforts of individuals who seem naturally equipped with the talents making for leadership that enterprises are developed from small begin- nings into vast aggregations of capital and efficiency, and in this latter class is found J. Frank Wilkes, manager of the Mecklenburg Iron Works of Charlotte, and one of the city 's lead- ing public officials. Mr. Wilkes was born at Charlotte, in 1864, a member of a famous family the name of which is inseparably linked with the history of the United States Navy and its splendid achieve- ments. The family is of the same stock as the historic John Wilkes of England, who flourished in the eighteenth century and was a notable political character of his day. On account of his relentless agitation in England on behalf of liberty for the American colonies he became known as ' ' Liberty John, ' ' although he never came to America himself. In every generation of the Wilkes family since its first establishment in America there have been members of it who have been lighters on the sea. When J. Frank Wilkes recently attended the graduation of nis son at Annapolis, there were a total of thirteen members of the Wilkes and closely-related fam- ilies who were in the academy. Captain (afterward Admiral) Charles Wilkes, the paternal grandfather of J. Frank Wilkes, was commander of the United States cruiser that captured, during the war between the states, the English boat Trent and removed therefrom the two Confederate commissioners, Mason and Sli- dell, who were on their way to England, an exploit that at the time threatened serious com- plication between this country and England, but which was settled in a manner that reflected only the highest credit upon Captain Wilkes, who received the thanks of Congress. He was born in New York City, April 3, 1798, entered the navy in 1816, and became a lieutenant in 1826. In 1838 he commanded an exploring ex- pedition sent by the United States Government to the Antarctic regions. He visited South Amer- ica, Samoa, the Fiji, Hawaiian and other islands in the Pacific; and made a voyage around the world, returning in 1842. About tnat time, with his cousin, Edward Renwick, he came to North Carolina, after securing a leave of absence, to investigate certain gold discoveries. They came to Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, and began the work of developing what became known as the Saint Catherine mine, a short distance south of Charlotte (now within the city limits), and another discovery known as the Capps mine, about six miles west of town; later they took up another prospect. The two young men worked these three properties with success, but lost con- siderably through the speculations of one Cheva- lier de Rivefrinola, an Italian, who had been employed by them. However, Captain Wilkes did well with his gold mining operations, both individually and as manager for a large concern that had gold mining interests in this vicinity. In 1843 Captain Wilkes was made commander, and in 1855 was promoted captain, and it was while serving in this capacity on the San Jacinto that he became involved in the Trent affair. In 1862 he was promoted commodore, after which he commanded several fleets during the war, in- cluding that on the James River, and a squadron in the West Indies, and in July, 1866, was made a rear-admiral. Not long thereafter he retired from the navy and for a time lived at High Shoals in Gaston County, North Carolina, where he engaged in iron mining and iron manufactur- ing. Later he again came to Charlotte, but in 1875 went to Washington, D. C, and there passed the remainder of his life, dying February 8, 1877. He wrote a "Narrative" of his expedi- tion (6 vols. 1845), "Western America," etc., (1849), "Theory of the Winds" (1846); etc. John Wilkes, the son of Captain Wilkes, and father of J. Frank Wilkes, was born in New York, was a graduate of the United States Naval Academy, and was in the service of the navy some time before the war. In 1854 he resigned from the navy and came to Charlotte to become connected with his father's gold mining and other interests, and never rejoined the navy, con- tinuing to make his home at Charlotte during 376 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA the remainder of his life and dying in this city in 1908. He was one of the representative and substantial citizens of Charlotte, and one of the first to promote its industrial life. He estab- lished a flour mill, which he operated in connec- tion with his gold mining business, and this mill was later ueveloped into the old Rock Island Woolen Mills. He organized and was the first president of the First National Bank of Char- lotte, and, with his father, established the Meck- lenburg Iron Works shortly after the close of the Civil war, the first location being on East Trade Street, the site of the old "Confederate States Navy." During the past forty years the shops have been located at the present loco- tion, West Trade Street, at the crossing of the Southern Railway. J. Frank Wilkes was reared at Charlotte, where he secured his early education in the public schools, subsequently attending the University of North Carolina and Stevens Institute of Tech- nology at Hoboken, New Jersey, from which latter institution he was graduated in 1885 with the degree of Mechanical Engineer. He has, in addition, other degrees. On returning from col- lege Mr. Wilkes became associated with his father in the Mecklenburg Iron Works and has continued the operation of this important industry since his father's death. This plant manufac- tures mining and mill machinery of various kinds, hydraulic machinery, structural iron, etc. Mr. Wilkes is a highly specialized and expert me- chanical engineer, and has what is known as the business "sense," that combination of qualities which is found in all men who, through their own efforts and individuality, win in any field of com- mercial or industrial endeavor. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of other civic organizations. As a public-spirited citizen he has always been ready to give of his services in be- half of the community's welfare, and was for six years a member of the board of aldermen of Charlotte and chairman of the finance committee of that body. Mr. Wilkes was married in 1898 to Miss Frances Lucas, of Darlington District, South Carolina, and they have two children: John and Miss Carrie Mclver. John Wilkes is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy, class of 1916, and is now a lieutenant. It is rather interesting to note that he is now in service on the battleship Mary- land, on the west coast of Mexico, and that his great-grandfather and grandfather, in 1847, were, in service on the east coast of that country. Louis Cotton Skinnee, M. D. Recognized as one of the ablest physicians and surgeons of Pitt County, Doctor Skinner has well deserved success. He has given years to study and preparation, has worked indefatigably since leaving college, and in addition to industry and conscientious fidelity possesses more than an ordinary degree of those natural talents which make the abler practitioner. Doctor Skinner was born in Bertie County, North Carolina, May 15, 1880, a son of Charles and Har- riet (Cotton) Skinner. His father was a general merchant and also a hotel proprietor. The family moved to Greenville in 1882, and here Doctor Skin- ner attended the graded schools. He also spent some time in the Agricultural and Mechanical College at R-aleigh and studied medicine in the Uni- versity of Maryland, where he finished his course in 1901. The following year he had the experience of one year as an interne in the University Hos- pital at Baltimore. He began practice at Ayden, North Carolina, but after five years sought a larger field and after another post-graduate course in the New York Polyclinic located in 1908 at Green- ville. Doctor Skinner is a member in good standing of the Pitt County and North Carolina State Medi- cal societies, and is a director of the Home Build- ing and Loan Association. He belongs to St. Paul's Episcopal Church and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. December 29, 1909, he married Miss Daisy Minor, of Oxford, North Carolina. They have four children: Elizabeth Minor, Harriet Cot- ton, Louis Cotton, Jr., and Edward Ficklen, the last two being twins. Heney Winfield Feaser. Henry Winfield Fraser, who for upwards of forty years has been identified with different manufacturing concerns in North Carolina, was responsible for the found- ing of the Myrtle Desk Company at High Point, a corporation of which he is president. This is one of the notable manufacturing concerns of this city and has contributed much to the fame by which that town is known throughout the United States and even abroad. Mr. Fraser was born on a farm a mile from Mount Gilead, in Montgomery County, North Caro- lina. He comes of Colonial and Revolutionary stock. His great-grandfather was born in Scot- land and his people were members of the famous Fraser Clan. From Scotland he removed to Eng- land and from there came to America in colonial days. On the outbreak of the Revolutionary war he joined the colonies in their struggle for inde- pendence and was a member of Washington 's army, serving the entire seven years without an injury. He was noted for his bravery under fire. Thomas Fraser, grandfather of Henry W., was probably born in Virginia. He served in the War of 1812, and one of his sons was a soldier in the Mexican war. He was an early settler near Mount Gilead in Montgomery County. By trade he was a silversmith and gunmaker. He lived in Mont- gomery County the rest of his days. William Fraser, father of Henry W., was born in Montgomery County, and inherited the natural mechanical skill of his father. He learned the arts of silversmith, blacksmith, wagon and buggy maker, and was in that line of business at Mount Gilead up to the time of his death. His home was on a farm a mile from town, and there he died in 1851, at the early age of thirty-seven. He married Harriet Williams, also born near Mount Gilead, daughter of Merrett and Mrs. (Smith) Williams. Merrett Williams was a planter in Montgomery County. He was a soldier in the War of 1812 and one of his sons, William Henry Williams, was in the Mexican war. It was he who named the sub- ject of this sketch, giving him the name of Henry Winfield, in honor of General Winfield Scott, under whom he served in the Mexican war. Mrs., Har- riet Fraser died at the age of sixty-five, the mother of two children, a daughter named Mary Frances, who died at the age of eighteen, and Henry Win- field, who now survives. Henry Winfield Fraser was so young when his father died that he does not remember him. He was educated in the schools of Montgomery County and also at Franklinville in Randolph County. At the age of eighteen he began teaching at Frank- linville, but when nineteen years old entered the service of the Randolph Manufacturing Company at Franklinville as clerk and bookkeeper. He held HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 377 that position eight years and in 1876 gave up his employment and visited in Texas. On returning to Franklinviile he became clerk and bookkeeper with Hugh Parks, proprietor of the Franklinviile Manufacturing Company. He was with that in- dustry for nineteen consecutive years. On resigning he came to High Point and organ- ized here the Alma Furniture Company, of which he was secretary and treasurer. Two years later he sold this, and removing to Marion, North Caro- lina, became associated with T. F. Wren in estab- lishing the Catawba Furniture Company. From this he also retired eighteen months later, and resuming his residence at High Point, acquired an interest in the High Point Furniture Company and was its secretary and treasurer for six months. He sold out to M. J. Wren and then established the Myrtle Desk Company, naming the company in honor of his only daughter, Myrtle being her mid- dle name. Manufacturing a high quality of desks of different types and styles, Mr. Fraser built up an extensive trade. In 1907 he took his son-in-law, L. C. Sinclair, and his daughter, Isla Myrtle, in the business as his partners, at which time the business was incorporated. The products of this factory have gone all over the United States and to foreign lands, including Australia, England, Egypt and the various South American Republics. As indicative of the quality of the goods turned out by the Myrtle Desk Company, a news dispatch reported the fact that a deal had been closed whereby the Myrtle Desk Company was given an order for a number of desks to be placed in the White House at Washington. Mr. Fraser is a director of the Commercial Na- tional Bank of High Point and the High Point Savings & Trust Company. He is a member of Numa F. Reid Lodge No. 344, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and with his wife is an active member and is on the Board of Stewards of the Wesley Memorial Church. In June, 1881, he married Pandora Hayworth. She was born at Springfield, in Guilford County, daughter of Dr. M. M. and Mary (McMasters) Hayworth. The only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fraser is Isla Myrtle, now the wife of Major L. C. Sinclair. Mr. and Mrs. Sinclair have three children, Carson Fraser, Henry McLean and Ira Hayworth. Geokge H. Humber. One of the successful mem- bers of the Moore County legal fraternity who by industry and perseverance, united with pro- fessional skill and ability, has obtained a high standing in his vocation and at the same time has gained the respect and esteem of those with whom he has come into contact either in a pro- fessional or social way is George H. Humber, of Carthage. Mr. Humber was born at Carthage and here his entire career as a lawyer has been passed, and the city has in the meanwhile profited by his stable, public-spirited citizenship and by the abilities he has directed toward its betterment in the discharge of the duties of official position. George H. Humber belongs to a family of Ger- man-English origin, is a son of S. W. and Rosanna (Cole) Humber, and was born in 1S77, at Car- thage, Moore County, North Carolina. S. W. Hum- ber was born at Richmond, Virginia, and there gained his education and as a youth learned the trade of carriage trimming. As a journeyman he went to Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina, where he met and became in a way associated with W. T. Jones, a carriage painter who was at that time working in one of the larger shops of that city. In the year 1857 the elder Thomas Bethune Tyson, on one of his regu- lar business trips from Carthage to Fayetteville, became acquainted with Mr. Jones and induced him to locate at Carthage to take charge of the little paint shop connected with the infant con- cern which has since developed into the great manufacturing enterprise of Tyson & Jones Buggy Company. In accepting this position Mr. Jones took with him to Carthage S. W. Humber, and placed him in charge of the trimming work in the paint shop. From that time to the present Mr. Humber has been connected with this enter- prise and has assisted in the work which has developed it into one of the large and important concerns of this kind in the South. His service, covering a period of fifty-nine years, is one that has seldom been equaled for continuity, for faith- fulness and for ability. When the Civil war came on Mr. Humber, with several of his asso- ciates, including Mr. Jones, enlisted for service in the Confederate army, becoming a private in the Thirty-fifth Regiment, North Carolina Volun- teer Infantry, an organization with which he served until peace was declared. With a splendid record as a soldier and the added self-confidence and discipline that army life gives, he returned to the duties of his position and once again started to help the company in its development. In 1876 he was foreman trimmer for the greatly increased enterprise, a position he continued to hold, and when the business was incorporated in 1S89 as the Tyson & Jones Buggy Company, with a capital stock of $30,000, he became one of the original stockholders by purchasing four shares at fifty dollars per share. Also, at that time, he became a member of the first board of directors. Mr. Humber is the oldest man, in point of serviee, now connected with this business and is one of the most highly esteemed men connected with the company, being popular alike with officials and employes. His whole attention has been devoted to the success of the company and he has there- fore had no time to engage in outside affairs, either political or fraternal, except as a good citizen and as a man who has always found pleasure in the companionship of his fellowmen. Mrs. Rosanna (Cole) Humber is a daughter of the late Dr. Wil- liam Cole, who was a well known Moore County physician, and is descended in a direct line from Esther Ball, whose sister was the mother of George Washington. Her great-grandfather was George Glascock, M. D., a grandson of Esther Ball, and who was a surgeon in the Continental Army during the War of the Revolution, in addition to being a. prominent figure in the. life of North Carolina during that day. ■George H. Humber received his early training in the local public schools, following which he en- rolled as a student at Trinity College, being grad- uated therefrom in the class of 1898. His legal studies were pursued in the law department of the University of North Carolina, where he was gradu- ated in 1900 with his degree, and in that same year he opened an office and began the practice of his profession at Carthage. To lead in the profession chosen for his life work is the laudable ambition of every man possessed of the ability to understand what worldly success means, and it is the closeness with which such desires are realized that constitutes eminence and prosperity. Such being the case, Mr. Humber may be justly ae- 378 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA counted one of the leading as he is certainly one of the best known members of the Moore County bar. He has always been a public-spirited, active participant in the varied affairs of the city and county, and for six years served as mayor of Carthage, a position in which he comported him- self with dignity, energy and ability, his adminis- tration doing much to advance the city in a num- ber of ways. Mr. and Mrs. Humber are the parents of two children, namely: Ruth Virginia and Sam W., Jr. Kenneth Alexandria Pittman is a young and rising attorney at Ayden, and has already received one favorable mark of public esteem by his elec- tion as mayor of that town. Mr. Pittman was born in Pranklin County, North Carolina, November 22, 1892, a son of John and Pattie S. (Horton) Pittman. His father was a farmer, and the son grew up in a rural at- mosphere. He attended the district schools, the high school at Delway, North Carolina, and took both the literary and law courses of Wake Forest College, where he graduated in 1916. He at onee came to Ayden and entered upon a general prac- tice, in which he has made very favorable progress. He was elected to the office of mayor in 1917. Mr. Pittman is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association. Alexander McNeill Blue, M. D. After gradu- ating in medicine from Tulane University, New Orleans, in 1915, Doctor Blue located in Ms old home town of Carthage, and has become one of the prominent physicians and surgeons of that town and Moore County. He is assistant in surgery on the staff of the James McConnell Memorial Hos- pital at Eureka, and is one of the high minded and progressive men of his profession in this part of the state. He is a member in good standing of the County and State Medical societies, and the Amer- ican Medical Association. Doctor Blue represents a family of prominence in North Carolina. He was born at Carthage in 1887, son of Dr. J. C. and Evelyn (McNeill) Blue. His mother, who is still living, is a daughter of the late A. H. McNeill of Carthage, the McNeills rep- resenting some of the fine old stock in the Upper Cape Fear section. The father Dr. J. C. Blue, who died in 1892, was born in Moore County in 1846, and though only a boy he served as a courier in the Confederate army. He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, and was for about a quarter of a century in active practice at Carthage and Moore County. Of Scotch origin, the Blue family has lived for several generations in Moore, Richmond and Scot- land counties of this state and also in the adjoin- ing counties of upper South Carolina. The two best known members of the family from the South Carolina branch are Dr. Rupert Blue, for many years sanitarian in the United States Public Health Service, and now chief medical officer in the United States Navy, and Victor Blue, an officer in the United States Navy for thirty years, and for a number of years member of the General Naval Board. Both these men were born in North Caro- lina, but were reared in South Carolina. Archie Nixon Bulla. It is not so much geo- graphical position and natural resources as the quality of individual enterprise which gives dis- tinction to any community. An example of this fact is found in the Town of Randleman, in Ran- dolph County, where much of the industrial activi- ties and business and civic life center around the figure of Archie Nixon Bulla. Mr. Bulla is a manufacturer, has been prominent in public af- fairs many years, and is the present postmaster of the town. He was born in Back Creek Township of Ran- dolph County, a son of Joseph Chapman and Lydia (Henley) Bulla and a grandson of Archie and Millicent (Rush) Bulla. His maternal grandfather was Nixon Henley. The Bulla family was estab- lished in Randolph County by Thomas Bulla, who was born in Pennsylvania. He came to the state in colonial days, acquiring a large tract of land in Back Creek Township, and was one of the first to make a permanent home in that region. Before his death he had cleared and improved quite a tract of land, and some of that property is still owned by his descendants. Archie Bulla, grand- father of Archie Nixon Bulla, was an old-time country physician, spent his life in Back Creek Townsliip, and in the days of horseback riding and saddle bags carried his services to patients over a district many miles in extent. Both he and his wife attained a good old age. They had the fol- lowing children: Joseph C, Flora, Margaret, Al- fred, Jefferson, Sarah, Hattie, Amanda and Cora. Joseph Chapman Bulla grew up on a farm, and made farming his chief pursuit. He still owns and occupies a farm in Back Creek * about two miles from his birthplace. He and his wife reared eight children: Nora, Archie Nixon, Minnie, Sadie, Thomas, Nellie, Minty and Mary. Archie Nixon Bulla acquired a good education as a preparation for the serious duties and respon- sibilities of life. From the district schools he entered the old New Garden Boarding School. He was a student there the last term it was known under that name, and also attended at the opening of Guilford College. When he left school he located at Randleman and soon established the Randleman Hosiery Mills. With this important local institution his name has ever since been iden- tified, and he is secretary, treasurer and general manager of the company. He has also given much of his time to public affairs. Besides his present office he served five years as mayor of Randleman, seventeen years as a member of the Board of Edu- cation, and five years as a member of the Board of County Commissioners. Mr. Bulla is affiliated with Randleman Lodge No. 209, F. and A. M. He was reared a Quaker and his wife with the Meth- odist Protestant Church, and both are now^ affil- iated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Mr. Bulla married in 1892 Miss Dora Julian. She was born in Providence Township of Randolph County, a daughter of Wesley and Mary Julian. They are the parents of five children: Mary Allen, Robert Chapman, Frances Willard, John C. and Eugene A. Robert L. Gash. Not a few of the important successes of the able lawyer have come to Robert L. Gash during his practice at Brevard. Mr. Gash has had a wide experience in the world and was a business man before he took up the law. He represents an old family of this section of North Carolina and was born at Brevard, October 6, 1877, son of Thomas Lenoir and Dovey (Deaver) Gash. His father was both a merchant and farmer and also had an important public record, serving as clerk of courts and master in equity and also as a member of the Legislature. Robert L. Gash was educated in public schools and in the famous ,?l^/2J*Z^r HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 379 Bingham Military School. He graduated from the law department of the University of North Carolina in February, 1906. In the meantime, from 1895 to 1904, he accumulated much business experience and knowledge of the world as a travel- ing salesman and bookkeeper. Since his admission to the bar he has been in general practice at Brevard and during that time gave valuable pub- lic service by his ten years incumbency of the office of county attorney. Mr. Gash is a thirty- second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner and is a past noble grand and past chief patri- arch of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Brevard Club, the Asheville Club and is an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Marvin Lee Bitch. The combination of super- lative skill in athletics and eminent abilities in the law is perhaps an unusual one, and it is still more unusual to find the possessor of these at- tainments actively engaged in the widely diverg- ing fields of endeavor. That an individual can make a success of both these vocations at the same time, however, is being displayed in the ac- tivities of Marvin Lee Bitch, of Charlotte, city attorney, one of the leading and brilliant young legists of the city, and a famous football coach. Mr. Bitch was born March 7, 1889, in Union County, North Carolina, being a son of W. C. and Martha (Lee) Bitch, the former now deceased and the latter still surviving. His father was a farmer, and Marvin L. Bitch was reared amid rural surroundings, but very early in life began to work seriously in the way of obtaining an ad- vanced education, something more than could be obtained in the country districts. Eventually he spent three years in attendance at the Univer- sity of North Carolina, where he did thorough work in the academic department, and then re- ceived an appointment to the position of pri- vate secretary to Congressman Yates Webb, of North Carolina, and went to Washington, D. C. After two years of association with that gentle- man he became private secretary to United States Senator Hollis Bankhead, of Alabama, with whom he remained for one year, and during the en- tire three years studied law at Georgetown University, from which institution he was duly graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1914. He crowded work into every day and es- tablished a most creditable record as a student, but as the duties of his office were so exacting he was compelled to do a great deal of his study- ing at night. Beside the fine facilities for ac- quiring law which Mr. Bitch enjoyed, he also ob- tained a knowledge of and experience in politics and public affairs which Washington affords,, through his association with the two distinguished statesmen mentioned above, and which are rarely possessed by so young a man. Instead of yield- ing to the temptation, as so many young men have done in similar position, to remain in Wash- ington in easy circumstances, after he had com- pleted his law course there he decided to return to North Carolina, get married, and settle down to the earnest business of life. He has been re- markably successful, for, besides his brilliant tal- ents, fortune seems to have smiled upon him. On leaving the law school he came directly to Char- lotte in June, 1914, and in May of the following year was elected city attorney, a position which he has since filled with particular fitness and pro- ficiency. He enjoys, in addition, a fine profes- sional business in the general practice of law in all the courts. Mr. Bitch became famous as a football player on the team of the University of North Carolina, and especially distinguishing himself in the games played between his university and the University of Virginia, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C, and soon after coming to Charlotte inter- ested himself enthusiastically in local foot ball and became the coach of the Charlotte High School Team. On this team he has developed a number of brilliant young players and has placed the team in a high rank with schools of this class. His success and brilliant achievements as a coach are naturally a source of great pride to Mr. Bitch, as they have demonstrated that North Carolina and the other universities and colleges of the state can develop coaches that are equal to if not su- perior to those of the northern universities, and that it is not necessary therefore to send to the North for coaches for North Carolina teams. All the way through he is an enthusiastic and profi- cient athlete. Mr. Bitch married Miss Hazel Morris Bobinson, who was born and reared in Gaston County, North Carolina. They are faithful members of the Meth- odist Church, and Mr. Bitch belongs to the local Young Men's Christian Association, in which he has been an active worker. Gilbert McLeod, M. D. Work as a skillful phy- sician and surgeon for over thirty years at Car- thage in Moore County has brought Dr. Gilbert McLeod a vast esteem and respect as a citizen, while in his profession he is universally regarded as the best type of medical man. Besides his large general practice his career is of public interest be- cause of his position as head of the general medical work connected with the James McConnell Memo- rial Hospital at Eureka in Moore County. The object and work of this institution deserve something more than passing mention. The hos- pital was established in April, 1917, as a result of the benefactions of a number of wealthy citizens of the county who had already become interested in the Farm Life School at Eureka. The hospital is in realty an outgrowth of the latter institution, and is conducted largely as an adjunct to the school. It is therefore in the nature of a gift to all of Moore County. The hospital is carried on under the direction of a number of leading physicians and surgeons of the county and under the general supervision of Doctor McLeod. Doctor McLeod has been enthusiastically devoted to this enterprise from the beginning. It is a unique and in many respects a remarkable institution. Located in the midst of the quiet and healthful section of the famous Sand Hills country, away from railroads and other distractions, surrounded by pine clad hills, there is every inducement for the cure and quick recovery of patients. The hospital, which cost about fifteen thousand dollars, was designed and built in a way to take every advantage of the situation, combining scientific equipment with the co-operation of nature in outdoor life. There are four private rooms and two wards, one for male and one for female patients, with fifteen beds in each. The hospital is equipped with an operating room that in its facilities for successful surgery is said to be equal to anything of its kind in the country. Many visiting surgeons have pronounced this feature of the institution ideal. There is also a complete arrangement of baths, heating, electric 380 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA light, sanitary sewerage and other modern con- veniences. The local staff consists of a resident physician and a corps of graduate nurses. The institution has become a factor in promot- ing the child conservation movement. Members of the staff undertake examination and treatment of the children of the county which follows a survey that is regularly made of this district. The hos- pital is supplied with vegetables and fruit from the Farm Life School, and also has pure milk from a herd of dairy cattle. During the winter season the hospital is patronized by many of the wealthy tourists from the North who spend the winter at the neighboring Pinehurst, and who have made many substantial gifts to the hospital.. Most of the work of the hospital, however, is carried on along the lines for which it was primarily intended. Doctor McLeod represents one of the old High- land Scotch families that have been identified with the Upper Cape Fear region of North Carolina ■for nearly a century and a half. His grandfather, John McLeod, was a small boy when brought from Scotland by his parents, who located a few miles south of Deep River in the northern part of what is now Moore County. They settled there about a year before the Revolution. Doctor McLeod was born near Carbonton in Deep River Township of Moore County in 1857, son of Angus and Catherine (McRae) McLeod. His mother was a daughter of Gilbert McRae, a native of Scotland. Her mother was a Murchison. All these names represent the best blood of the Scotch race in this part of North Carolina. Doctor McLeod grew up on his father's planta- tion, attended country schools, and for three years was a student of Professor John E. Kelly at the famous Union Home School of Moore County. From this preparatory school he entered the University of North Carolina, was a student there three years, the last year being devoted to medical studies. His medical education was finished in the Medical De- partment of the University of Maryland at Balti- more, where he was graduated with the class of 1882. His first work as a practicing physician was done at Morven in the southern part of Anson County, where he remained four years, but in 1887 established his home and office at Carthage, county seat of his home county. Dr. McLeod is a mem- ber of the County and State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. He is a Pres- byterian, as have been his ancestors. In 1886 he married Miss Sarah Catherine Cole, daughter of the late Thomas Cole of Cole's Mills in Moore County. Their four children are: Miss Katie Lee, Miss Bessie, Thomas Cole and William Gilbert McLeod. Alex H. McLeod, M. D. For at least a century the name McLeod has represented some of the fin- est Scotch stock of Moore County, and many of the name have played useful and honorable parts in local activities, as farmers, soldiers, public of- ficials and in the professions. One of the most skillful physicians and surgeons of the county is Dr. Alex H. McLeod, who for nearly twenty years has practiced at Aberdeen. Doctor McLeod was born in the lower part of Moore County, six miles from Aberdeen, in 1871, a son of Alex and Maggie (Warner) McLeod. His grandfather, John McLeod, was born in Scotland, and when four years of age, in the early part of the nineteenth century, was brought to North Caro- lina by his parents. A number of the McLeods and their connections located in the lower part of the county. John McLeod reared a family of seven sons and five daughters, and all of them were un- usually strong and vigorous and exemplified the best characteristics of lineage. One of the sons of John McLeod was the late Evander McLeod, who died in April, 1917, at the age of seventy- seven. He was the historian of the family and of almost the entire group of Scotch people found in Moore, Cumberland and adjoining counties. He possessed great intelligence and a remarkable mem- ory for names, dates and incidents. John McLeod 's wife was a Johnson, and her brother attained dis- tinction by his long service of twenty-five years as sheriff of Cumberland County. Alex McLeod, Sr., father of Doctor McLeod, was born at the ancestral home, about a half mile from the Doctor's birthplace. During the war between the states he served as a special courier on the staff of Gen. D. H. Hill in Virginia. He was selected for this position on account of his skill- ful horsemanship and his unusual talent and apti- tude for scout duty. He was a great lover of horses, always had a number of fine animals, was a keen sportsman, fond of hunting, and in the early days usually killed from fifty to sixty deer in a season, besides great numbers of wild tur- keys and other minor game. By occupation he was a turpentine operator and a farmer. Doctor MeLeod's mother, Maggie (Warner) Mc- Leod, who passed away at the age of eighty-four, was born in Moore County, near Carthage, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Her mother was a Living- stone, a Scotch name. Doctor McLeod spent his early life on his fath- er 's farm. He prepared for college in addition to the advantages of the local schools by one year at Thompson's Military School at Siler City, and 2 years under the special tutelage of Maj. Jesse McLean at Red Springs. From there he entered Baltimore Medical College, and some time before he was graduated with his Doctor of Medicine de- gree in 1896 this institution was amalgamated with the University of Maryland. Doctor McLeod be- gan practice at Hoffman in Richmond County, but twenty-two months later, on March 25, 1898, es- tablished his home at Aberdeen and now for a number of years has enjoyed a large general prac- tice in both medicine and surgery. He is a very active and progressive man, both in professional affairs and civic life, and one of the leading men of Aberdeen, the financial and railroad center of Moore County and of the Sand Hill region. Doc- tor McLeod is a member of the County and State Medical Societies and the American Medical As- sociation. He married Miss Carry Broom, of Union County, North Carolina. William G. Munyan. The unexcelled manufac- turing facilities of High Point and the great hard- wood industry in this section of the state has attracted many experienced and successful men to this center, and one of them is William G. Mun- yan, a native of Ohio, and for many years engaged in lumber manufacture in that and other north- ern states. Mr. Munyan came to High Point in 1910 and became secretary and treasurer of the Southern Veneer and Panel Company. In 1916, with the reorganization and amalgamation of several sim- ilar industries, there was organized the Consoli- dated Veneer and Panel Company, of which Mr. Munyan has since been secretary, treasurer and general manager. This is one of the largest cor- porations manufacturing lumber products in the /#<£ 74£~*p. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 3S1 state. Besides a large plant at High Point they operate another at Thomasville, in Davidson County; one at West End, in Moore County, and one at Taylorsville, in Alexander County. Mr. Munyan is prominent among his business asso- ciates, and is a member of the Southern Furni- ture Manufacturers Association. He is of old American stock and one branch of lineage goes back to the time of the Mayflower. He was born at Ravenna, county seat of Portage County, Ohio, son of Augustus and Marietta (Gib- son) Munyan, and grandson of John and Thirza (Knapp) Munyan. His great-grandfather was John Munyan. John Munyan, Jr., his grandfather, spent his life at Thompson, Connecticut. He was survived by his wife, who followed her children to the wilds of Ohio, where she died. Augustus Munyan, father of the High Point Tjusiness man, who was born in 1799, and in 1817 moved to the new State of Ohio. This journey was accomplished with ox teams and over almost unbroken trails and roads. He bought a tract of timbered land in Charlestown Township of Port- age County, erected a log house there, and was associated with the early pioneers in clearing up and establishing homes. Late in life he moved to Ravenna and died there in 1876, in his seventy- seventh year. His wife was born at Warsaw, New York, and died at the age of seventy-nine. They had four children, Celia, Charles, George and William G. William G. Munyan spent his early life in one of the typical high class communities of old Ohio Western Reserve, was well educated in the public schools, and also at Oberlin College. At the age of eighteen he began teaching and taught in sev- eral localities of Ohio. His first industrial expe- ri?nce was as a cbeesernaker, an art he learned thoroughly, and for a time he operated a cheese factory. Mr. " Munyan 's experience in the veneer business covers a period of thirty-five years. He estab- lished a veneer panel factory in 1882 in Ashtabula County, Ohio, and operated it successfully for sev- eral years. Later he was similarly engaged in different states and also in Canada, and was a man of high standing in lumber circles when he joined forces with the High Point community in 1910. He is a member of the High Point Com- mercial Club and is affiliated with High Point Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In 1880 he married Miss Ida Thankful Wet- more, who was born at Kelloggsville in Ashtabula County. Ohio, a daughter of John and Juliette Wetmore. Mr. and Mrs. Munyan have had two children, John and Marietta. John, who died at the age of thirty-four, married Lucy 0. Downey and is survived by three children, Ida C, William D. and John J. Herset Batlies Parker, Jr., while creating for himself an enviable reputation as a lawyer and enjoying a practice at Goldsboro that ranks him among the leaders of the bar in the state, does not confine all his interests to his profession. He is a leader in the democratic party, has been an indefatigable worker in behalf of church and Sunday school, and has participated in many civic movements to their benefit. He was born at Como, Hertford County, North Carolina. March 14, 1870, a son of Rev. Hersey Baylies Parker. Sr., and Maria Agnes (Majette) Parker. He was educated at Buckhorn Academv at Como in Hertford County, and was for one year in the academic department with the class of 1893 in the University of North Carolina. He also read law at the university, and obtained a license to practice law before the Supreme Court of North Carolina in February, 1892. He was in the prac- tice of his profession at North Wilkesboro until January, 1895, and since then at Goldsboro. As attorney he represents a number of important in- terests, though he has held no office in any corpo- ration except as president of the Eord Garage Company of Goldsboro. He is legal adviser of the Goldsboro Savings & Trust Company, and of the Virginia Lumber and Box Company, which maintains a large manufacturing plant at Peters- burg, Virginia, and Goldsboro, North Carolina. Eor twenty-six years Mr. Parker has been local representative for R. G. Dun & Company. He has not acquired much wealth, only sixty or sev- enty thousand dollars and perhaps has no strong ambition in that direction, but while he has made some money he has spent his years chiefly in laboring for others, and in that has found more pleasure than in mere money making. In 1901 Mr. Parker joined Company D, Second Regiment, North Carolina State Guard, in a few months was elected corporal, then sergeant, then captain in September, 1901, a position he filled until July, 1903, when he resigned on account of personal injuries received in a railroad wreck May 19, 1903. He was appointed assistant in- spector-general of North Carolina with the rank of major under Governor W. W. Kitchin in 1908, and served through his term, when he resigned! He^ took a very vigorous part in the campaign by which Governor Kitchin was elected. Mr. Parker was the first elected mayor of North Wilkesboro in 1893 and served until he moved to Goldsboro in January, 1895. He served as a member of the North Carolina Legislature in 1903. During that session he was author of the clause in the Revenue Law that put the gam- bling musical machines out of business in North Carolina. He is also credited with being author of the first child labor law ever introduced into a North Carolina Legislature, and he pushed the passage of that bill to a successful enactment. He also aided in passing the first State Audubon law, and prohibition measure known as the Watts Act. On account of poor health Mr. Parker de- clined renomination. He has served as secretary of the County Democratic Executive Committee from 1900 to the present time, and was chairman of the County Board of Elections from 1903 until 1916, when he resigned on account of press of business. As to fundamental politics Mr. Parker is a democrat of the old school with respect to eco- nomical administration of government, and at the same time is very progressive in his ideas. He realizes the need of agricultural development of the state, and to quote his own language he ' ' thinks the state which honors overalls the most will lead in the race of development. ' ' Fraternally Mr. Parker is a member, though not active, in the local branch of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Junior Or- der of United American Mechanics and the Benev- olent and Protective Order of Elks. He became a member of Buckhorn Missionary Baptist Church of Como, Hertford Countv, North Carolina when nine years of age. He" is now superintendent of the First Baptist Church Sunday School of Goldsboro, an office he has 382 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA filled fourteen years. He was secretary and later president and chairman of the executive committee of the Wayne County Sunday School Association, and during his official connection sought to make it the best in the state. He served a number of years as member of the executive committee of the State Inter-Denomina- tional Sunday School Association under N. B. Broughten as chairman. He is deacon of the First Baptist Church at Goldsboro. He was sec- retary of the building committee during the erec- tion of the handsome new edifice of the First Bap- tist Church. On February 16, 1905, Mr. Parker married Miss Helen A. Vann, of Como, North Carolina, daugh- er of T. E. Vann, a planter of Hertford County and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Agricultural and Mechanical College. T. E. Vann is a brother of Dr. R. T. Vann, former president of Meredith College and now secretary of the Board of Education of the Baptist State Conven- tion. Mr. and Mrs. Parker have two children: Edward Vann Parker and Mary Frances Parker. Taken with such an individual career of so much solid achievement and attainment, there is every reason why Mr. Parker should feel honor- able pride in his worthy ancestors, many of whom have played an important part in the history of North Carolina since Colonial days. His ancestry in the paternal line leads back to William Parker, who was born about 1697 and died in 1760. He was a brother of Joseph and Jonathan Parker, and came over from England with them in 1717, and was a member of the first Baptist church ever established in North Carolina — Old Bethel, founded in 1727 in Perqui- mans County. It was afterwards in 1729, named and moved to Shilo, a few miles distance, in Cam- den County, North Carolina. William Parker also founded Meherin Baptist Church, the second Baptist church in North Caro- lina, and gave the land on which the site of church building is now situated. This was in 1735. The church is within one mile of the Town of Murfreesboro. The old building was torn down about 1905 and rebuilt of stone. The will of Joseph Parker, a brother of Wil- liam, is recorded in the office of the Secretary of State at Raleigh and was probated in January court, 1749. The legatees were his daughters, Mary Cannon, Ruth and Lenina, and his sons were Jacob, Tobe, Mathew and Joseph. The Coat of Arms of the Parkers was a couchant lion, or a sleeping lion. John or Jonathan Parker, a son of William, was born about 1745, and was one of the com- mittee who laid off the Town of Murfreesboro, North Carolina, in 1787. His fourth and last wife was Elizabeth Banks Parker. Their children were : Br. King Parker, Jacob Parker, who was born April 10, 1822, and died June 10, 1901, having lived and died at Warrenton; and Elizabeth or Betsey, who married Samuel Moore of Maneys Neck Township, Herford County. Jonathan Par- ker and Elizabeth Banks were married in Yonkers, New York, the home of her parents. Dr. King Parker, who was a doctor of dental surgery and a son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Parker, was born in 1815 and died at Marion, Alabama, in 1870. He married at Murfreesboro, North Carolina, in 1834, Frances Sackett Ogden Rea. She was born October 30, 1819. Her father, William Rea, was born September 23, 1792, in Boston, Massachusetts, and died about 1860 in Yonkers, New York. His parents were Daniel Rea and Rachel Johnson. William Rea went from Boston to Yonkers, New York, and then to Murfreesboro, North Carolina.' He was one of the first merchants to introduce oil lamps into North Carolina. Daniel Rea, his father, a native of Boston, died February 13, 1803. He married in 1764 Rachel Johnson. William Rea was married four times. His first wife was Mar- garet Wynn, his second wife was her' sister, Mary Wynn, both of Hertford County, North Carolina,, his third wife was Mary Peck, and his fourth wife, the mother of Frances Sackett Ogden Parker, was Julia A. Blaekwell, both of New York state, the latter of whom he married December 24, 1818. William Rea and wife, Julia A. (Blaekwell) Rea, moved back to New York and lived and died in the Manor House in Yonkers which was used by George Washington as his headquarters while fighting in New York. Julia A. Blaekwell was the daughter of James Blaekwell and Elizabeth Hallett. James Blaekwell at one time owned Blaekwell 's Island in New York Harbor. James Blaekwell and Elizabeth Hallett were married June 23, 1779. The late Rev. Hersey Baylies Parker, Sr., a son of Dr. King Parker and Frances Sackett Og- den Rea Parker, was born at Murfreesboro, North Carolina, February 22, 1838, and died at Aulander, North Carolina, November 12, 1916. He was edu- cated at Buckhorn Academy, now Como, and at. Princeton College in New Jersey. He graduated at Princeton with the class of 1856. Though only eighteen years of age, he stood eighth from the head of a class of ninety-six members. He read law at the University of North Carolina in 1856- 1857. Professing religion at Chapel Hill, under the preaching of Pierson, the Presbyterian Evan- gelist, he abandoned his law course in 1858 and began to preach. He later joined the Buckhorn Missionary Baptist Church at Buekhorn, now Como, and remained with that denomination until about 1890, when he withdrew because he objected to the methods of carrying on missions by the expensive method of boards and to the authority which the Baptist Association and Conventions seemed to be taking over the individual churches. He organized a number of churches in Hertford, Northampton, Bertie and Perquimans counties and served as pastor until a few years prior to his death, when he gave up the work on account of failing strength and health. He joined the Con- federate Army, and served until the surrender, and was a faithful and fearless soldier. He was re- garded as one of the ablest Baptist ministers in the state, and was a most pious and devoted man in his community. Rev. H. B. Parker and Maria Agnes Majette were married at her father 's home in Southamp- ton County, Virginia, December 12, 1858. She was born February 20, 1836, and died at Como, North Carolina, January 9, 1907. Her parents were James and Penelope A. (Darden") Majette. Her parents were married July 29, 1824, in Hert- ford County, North Carolina.', and they lived a few miles distant, in Southampton County, Vir- ginia, all their lives. James Majette was the son of William Maget (the name was later changed by the Legislature to Majette) to conform to the French pronuncia- tion. William Majette married Sallie Knight, a widow. William Maget came over from France with three brothers. James Majette was born October 6, 1803, and died June 19, 1862, from HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 383 heart failure. His sudden death occurred under a large hickory tree on his home farm which marked the line between North Carolina and Vir- ginia, while he was observing his slaves at work. Penelope Ann Majette was the daughter of Jethro Darden, whose wife was a Miss Moore. Penelope was born March 5, 1804, and died No- vember 12, 1881. She was a sister of Dr. Jet Darden of Hertford County. Jethro Darden, her father, lived in Hertford County, North Carolina, in Maneys Neck Township. Dr. Jet Darden rep- resented his county in the State Legislature for sixteen years, resigning on account of blindness. Rev. H. B. Parker and wife had the following children : James Thomas Parker, who was born March 17, 1861, and died November 28, 1915, at Lynchburg, Virginia, leaving a wife, Daisy Cross Parker, and one daughter, Mary Blackwell Parker ; Walter King Parker, born November 27, 1864; John Mitchell Parker, born April 27, 1867; H. B. Parker, Jr., born March 14, 1870; Julius Agnes Parker, bora February 27, 1873, and died October 9, 1906; Frederick Pope Parker, born November 23, 1S75; and Dr. Rea Parker, bom October 27. 1878. Abel Quincy Kale. One of the most impor- tant industrial enterprises of Gaston County, and one that affects the prosperity of a wide section is the great cotton mill operated at High Shoals by the High Shoals Company, the superintendent and manager of which is Abel Quincy Kale, who is also an extensive landowner, farmer and breeder of fine cattle. Mr. Kale was born at Catawba, Catawba County, North Carolina, in 1872. His parents were Lawson Henderson and Catherine Elmira (Odem) Kale. The pioneer settlers of Cawtaba and Lincoln counties, North Carolina, were mainly of German extraction, and many families, as did the Kales, moved from Pennsylvania to this state prior to the Revolutionary war. Lawson Henderson Kale was born in Cawtaba County, August 27, 1816, and died at Mount Hollv in Gaston County,' North Carolina, September 3, 1899. He was' a mill- wright by trade and his main business through- out the active years of his life was the building of cotton mills in the* Catawba Valley. He was twice married, the mother of Abel Quincy being his second wife. She was born June 19, 1844 and died February 2, 1893. Abel Quincy Kale attended school and passed his boyhood and young manhood at Mount Holly, to which place the family had removed in his childhood, and under his father he learned the millwright trade and afterward worked at the same at Mount Holly and Charlotte, North Car- olin, and at Greenville. South Carolina, and ever since has been connected with the building and operation of cotton mills. Owing to his thorough and efficient manner of working and to his uprightness in business transactions, Mr. Kale was fortunate enough to come under the attention and meet with the ap- proval of the late D. A. Tompkins, of Charlotte, North Carolina's great industrial leader and con- structive citizen. At that time Mr. Tompkins was the state's leading builder of cotton mills and other industrial plants and was a widely quoted authority on cotton mill machinery, equipment and construction. Mr. Kale entered his employ and in 1899 Mr. Tompkins sent him to Hi the state and is headed by two registered bulls. Mr. Kale was married to Miss Kate Burgin, who was born in Lincoln County, North Carolina. Her parents were Samuel and Callie (Quiekel) Bur- gin, and her maternal grandfather was a man of note in Lincoln County, Cephas Quiekel. Mr. and Mrs. Kale have two sons, Henderson Burgin and Abel Augustus Kale, and an adopted daughter, Ruby Kale, who is a student in the Western North Carolina State Normal School at Ashe- ville. As manager and superintendent of the High Shoals Cotton Mill, Mr. Kale has carried heavy responsibilities for over a quarter of a century, during which time changes and improvements have been made but the status of the mill has always been the same, one of the leading cotton mills in the entire South, under all circumstances. It is capitalized at $362,000, is equipped with 550 looms, and 16,224 spindles. Sheetings and knit- ting yarns are manufactured, and at no time in its history has business been heavier. Great credit is due Mr. Kale for the harmony that has pre- vailed at High Shoals when many other industrial sections have been variously disturbed. He is fortunate, however, in the possession of certain 384 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA qualities of leadership that enable him to exer- cise executive powers when necessary, and at the same time, through justice tempered by sincere good will, to win confidence, obedience and re- spect from his army of employes. Rev. Martin McQueen came from a noted fam- ily who had settled in Eobeson County, North Carolina, about the close of the Revolutionary war. The history of this family has been well written by Mrs. Bettie McElyea in her book ' ' The MeQueens of Queensdale. ' ' Mrs. McQueen 's paternal grand- father was a native of Scotland and died in Eobe- son County, North Carolina. Kate Robeson Mc- Queen was a descendant of Gen. Thomas Robe- son, of Eevolutionary fame, for whom Robeson County in this state was named. Rev. Martin McQueen was a saintly man whose life was given to the ministry, and from 1864 to 1888 was pastor of old Union Presbyterian Church. The history of this branch of the McQueen family is closely interwoven with that of Union Church, one of the oldest and most historic churches in this section of the state. It was organized in 1797 by Rev. W. D. Paisley, under direction of the Orange Presbytery. This church is still a flourish- ing congregation. The tenth pastor of the church was Rev. Mar- tin McQueen, who was born in Eobeson County, September 26, 1823. He graduated with honors at Davidson College in 1851 and from Columbia Theological Seminary in 1854. He was licensed by the Fayetteville Presbytery in September, 1853, and served churches in the eastern part of the Presbytery for ten years before taking up his work at Union. He entered upon the pastorate at Union and Carthage in September, 1864, and continued the work until his death, March 24, 1888. The historian of Union Church has had much to say of the life work of this mighty man of God, who consecrated his high talents and tireless en- ergy to the service of Him he loved so well. A local citizen once said: "When I came to Car- thage in 1880 there were three things of note and public conversation, the Moore County court house, Union Church and Father McQueen. ' ' Union Church experienced many changes during Mr. McQueen's ministry. Many of its former members withdrew, the negroes early organizing a church to themselves, while in 1879 the Cameron Church was organized, taking most of its members from Union, and in 1881 other members constitut- ed a church at White Hill and in 1886 Union gave still others to the new church at Culdee. Not- withstanding these losses Union continued to grow in membership. It became crowded for room and the congregation erected the present commodious building in 1880, and it was dedicated to the wor- ship of God in 1882. Rev. Mr. McQueen has been characterized as a specially gifted evangelist, and he held a number of successful meetings in his churches. It is said that he received 300 members into churches he served before he came to Union and 400 in the Union Church, besides 500 in the Carthage, Buf- falo, Bethesda, Cameron and Culdee churches. In a sermon which he prepared a short time before his death but never delivered he wrote: "Most of those who were here when I came twenty-four years ago have gone to the grave and soon others must follow them. We baptize now the children of those we baptized in infancy. We have grown into one large family bound together by many ties of friendship and Christian love. With a common Rather and Savior, Jesus Christ, with one common hope of a blessed immortality, surely we share many reasons for fighting together this fight of faith.''' In a memorial adopted by the synod are these words : ' ' Mr. McQueen was a man possessed of many excellent traits of character. He was genial and cordial in his disposition, warm hearted in his friendship and constant in his attachments. As a preacher he was impassioned and eloquent. He preached Christ and his gospel as the power of God into salvation. He might properly be called an evangelist. His preaching was with power and demonstration of the spirit, and multitudes were converted under his ministry who shall be stars in the Redeemer 's crown for ever and ever. ' ' Rev. Mr. McQueen was buried by the side of his devoted wife in the cemetery at Union. His biographer says that though the rain fell in tor- rents during the day of his burial it is doubtful if Union Church will ever again see as large a con- course of people within her walls as gathered there that day to pay their last tribute of affection to their beloved pastor. Amid the tears of a heart- broken people was laid to rest one who had waged a noble and winning fight for righteousness during a pastorate of twenty-four years. Charles I'. Long for a number of years covered a large territory as a traveling salesman for fur- niture, and for the past five years has been permanently identified with the manufacturing in- terests of High Point. He has helped develop the Southern Mirror Company to one of the largest industries of its kind in the South. Mr. Long was born on a plantation in Bushy Pork Township of Person County, North Carolina, a son of Joseph and Nannie Elizabeth (Hurdle) Long. His grandfather, William Long, had an extensive plantation and many slaves in the days before the war. He reared ten sons and two daughters. The sons were named Aleck, George, William, Joseph, Eeuben, Zachariah, Daniel, John, Elijah and David. The six oldest all served as Confederate soldiers. Reuben was severely wounded in one battle and died from the effects. All the others married and reared, families. Joseph Long was in the Confederate Army four years, and when the struggle ended he resumed civil life as a farmer near his birthplace. He is still living on the old farm, and he and his wife have reared seven children: Charles F., Oscar, Lillian, James, John, Herbert and Alwyn. Charles F. Long grew up on his father's farm and was early trained to habits of industry. He attended district school, and at the age of four- teen left the farm to work as clerk in a. general store kept by William H. Long at Bushy Fork. During the next five years, which might be called his apprenticeship, he was paid $100.00. a year and board. Seeking a larger field, he went to Durham and was clerk for W. A.. Slater, and during that year was paid $400.00 and boarded himself. The next year he clerked for his cousin, J. A. Long, at $400.00 a year and board. This gave him a very thorough and systematic training as a merchant, and with that experience he went on the road as a traveling salesman sell- ing notions, and five years later took up a furni- ture line. As a. furniture salesman he covered territory all the way from New York to San An- tonio, Texas, and visited the retail dealers in all the important cities east of the Mississippi River. In 1913, on leaving the road, Mr. Long, with Frank HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 385 Wineaki, organized the Southern Mirror Company, and is now president of the corporation. The company has two factories, one at High Point and the other at Winston-Salem. Mr. Long now gives all his time and attention to the growing business of this company, which is an important auxiliary line of manufacture to the great furniture indus- try of the state. In 1901 Mr. Long married Miss Mina Alexander, a native of High Point and daughter of Harrison and Sarah Alexander. They have two daughters, named Helen and Mary Elizabeth. Mr. Long is a member of the Wesleyan Memorial Church and he is on its board of stewards. Fraternally he is affiliated with Numa F. Eeid Lodge No. 344, An- cient Free and Accepted Masons, at High Point, Chapter No. 70, Boyal Arch Masons, Knight Templar Commandery No. 24, and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to High Point Lodge No. 208, Benevolent arid Protective Order Elks, and High Point Commercial Club. Thomas Joseph Robertson, proprietor and ed- itor of the Madison Messenger, is a veteran printer and newspaper man, and is well known among a number of communities both in North Carolina and Virginia, where he has been connected with the local press. Mr. Rokertson was born at Bachelor 's Hall in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. His grandfather, Joab Robertson, according to the best of infor- mation, was a native of Caswell County, North Carolina. He served as a soldier in the War of 1812, and after that war bought 1,000 acres of land in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. He was an extensive operator and planter with the aid of slaves, and realized his ambitions to give each of his six sons a good farm besides a num- ber of slaves. He lived to be ninety-four years of age. His six sons all fought for the Southern cause in the Confederate Army. John M. Robertson, father of Thomas J., was born in Pittsylvania County and prior to the war had taken possession of the farm given him by his father and was busily operating it with the aid of his slaves. When the war began he entered the artillery forces of the Confederate Army and saw much active service until the close of hostilities. In the meantime his slaves had been freed, his stock had been taken away, and he resumed civil life face to face with the stern necessities of battling for existence. He continued to live in Pittsylvania County until 1876, when he sold his property and removed to North Caro- lina, locating near Kernersville in Forsyth County. He was a farmer there a number of years, but finally moved his home to Kernersville and went on the road as a traveling salesman. He died at the age of sixty-eight. He married Susan Brown, a native of Pittsylvania County, Virginia, daugh- ter of Thomas Brown, a wagon manufacturer. Mrs. Susan Robertson died in September, 1916. She wa3 the mother of two children, the only daughter, Mollie, being the wife of D. A. Boden- hamer. Thomas J. Robertson attended rural schools while his father lived on a farm, and was also educated partly in the Kernersville Academy. He has had experience in practically no other trade or profession than printing or newspaper work. At the age of seventeen he began an apprentice- ship in the Kernersville Printing Office. In 1888 he became foreman of the Burlington News office, remaining there three years, after which he re- Vol. V— 25 turned to Kernersville and bought the News. After publishing that a year he leased the North Wilkes- boro News for three years, and in 1896 established the Hustler, which live and popular journal he published ten years. In 1906, having sold out, he went to Southern Virginia and established the South Hill Enterprise. This also prospered under his management for four years, and on selling the property he returned to North Carolina and es- tablished the Advance at North Wilkesboro. After a year he became proprietor of the Morganton Messenger at Morganton, and was its publisher for four years. His fortunes have been identified with Madison since 1915 and he is founder of the Madison Messenger which is published weekly and is a paper devoted to the best interests of the people of the community. Mr. Robertson married in 1904 Minnie McMil- lan. She was born in Grayson County, Virginia daughter of Frank B. and America (Parks) Mc- Millan. Their only child died in infancy. Mr. Robertson is a member of the Presbyterian faith while his wife is a. Baptist. He is affiliated with Dan River Lodge No. 249, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Masons. Ernest S. Williams. Ever since 1892 Ernest S. Williams, office deputy United States marshal for the Western District of North Carolina, has been the incumbent of an official position at Char- lotte. He has been a resident of the city during a period of forty-five years, and in this time has as- sisted in the growth and development of the com- munity, both officially and as a private citizen, exerting a beneficial influence and displaying a fine public spirit. Mr. Williams was born at Portsmouth, Vir- ginia, in 1853, his parents being James Avery and Adeline (Cornell) Williams. He had the misfor- tune to lose both of his parents in the great yellow fever epidemic of Norfolk in 1855— one of the most terrible scourges ever known in Amer- ica. His grandfather lost in this epidemic by death his wife and seven sons, and altogether in the Williams family there were thirty-eight deaths in nineteen days. The grandfather of Mr. Wil- liams, whose name was also James Avery Williams, was a shipbuilding mechanic and was nota- ble for having been master mechanic of the Con- federate shipyards where the famous Confederate ram Merrimae was built and which, before she was sunk by the Monitor, wrought such havoc among Federal gunboats on the James River, in- eluding the destruction of the Congress, the Cum- berland, the Minnesota and others. Although a very young boy at the time, Mr. Williams still remembers witnessing, from where he stood at Pinner's Point, the last fight and the sinking f the Merrimae. The Williams family is of English origin and one of the very old families of the historic City of Portsmouth, Virginia. Seven generations (in- cluding members of the present generation now living there) have lived in the old Williams home on Court Street, at Portsmouth, in which city the family had located long before the War of the Revolution. Ernest S. Williams learned the trade of ma- chinist and while still a youth went to New York City and worked in the shipvards of John Roach the great shipbuilder, whose yards were later es- tablished at Chester, Pennsylvania, Mr. Williams working at that point until 1872. On April 16 of that year he arrived at Charlotte, and this 386 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA city has been his home continuously since that time, he having witnessed and taken part in the great growth of Charlotte during that period. He came here to take a position in the Meeklenburg Iron Works, under the proprietorship of the late Capt. John Wilkes, and for forty years had charge of the shops of that concern. His long, intimate and most pleasant association with Cap- tain Wilkes and family made him closely at- tached to them, and they to him. Mr. Williams, as before noted, has been con- tinuously an official at Charlotte since 1892. For twenty years he was an alderman, and in 1912 was elected to his present position, member of the board of water commissioners. During his incumbency of this last-named office the board has built a new plant at a cost of $300,000. In January, 1914, Mr. Williams was appointed office deputy United States marshal for the Western District of North Carolina, with headquarters in the old historic United States Mint Building at Charlotte. Fraternally he is a member of the Charlotte Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and, like his ancestors before him, is an Episcopalian. He has occupied various po- sitions of prominence in the democratic party, such as chairman of the district committee, mem- ber of the county committees, and delegate to all conventions, etc. Mr. Williams has a family of which any hus- band and father should well be proud to possess. He has reared eight children to manhood and womanhood, all splendidly educated an trained for the serious business of life. Mrs. Williams was before her marriage Miss Rachel Jarrett, daughter of the late Col. J. M. Jarrett, of Ashe- ville, North Carolina, and their children are as follows: Delia, the wife of Capt. R. G. Chest- nut, of Charlotte; Mark Wilkes, James Avery, Clarendon Baker, Clairmont Cornell, Ernest, Rosa Lee and Brevard. Mr. Williams' mother, who met the untimely death above noted, was a lit- erary woman of acknowledged talents in her day. Using the nom de plume of "Agnes Scott," she was a frequent contributor to various periodicals, including Godey 's Lady's Book, as the files of that famous old magazine will show. James B. Bennett. Successful merchant, well- established banker, hard-working county commis- sioner and prominent and energetic citizen of El- lerbe, James R. Bennett has reached in young manhood a position which many men would be glad to attain after a lifetime of effort. His business career is represented by a period of but eight years of activity, for his initial venture had its inception in 1909, but these years have been ones crowded with activity and characterized by sterling success. He is a native son of the community in which his business prosperity and position have been attained and has passed his entire life in this locality. James R. Bennett was born at the old Bennett home, five miles north of Ellerbe, Richmond County, North Carolina, in 1884. The Bennett place is on Big Mountain Creek in Steele's Township, and is one of the best known old homesteads in this part of the state. Three generations of the Bennett family have made their home on this plantation. R. H. Bennett, the father of James R., is still residing at the family place, but Mrs. Bennett, who before her marriage was Bosanna Chappell, is now deceased. She was the daughter of the late Hon. Joshua Chappell, who in his day was one of Richmond County 's most prominent char- acters in public life, having been a member of the North Carolina Legislature and a political leader of wide influence. James B. Bennett attended the local schools, Wingate College in Union County and the Agri- cultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh. He established a mercantile business at Ellerbe in 1909, about a year before Ellerbe began to take size and form as a commercial center, and as the pioneer merchant of this thriving community has assisted materially in its growth while adding to his own interests. Old Ellerbe Springs had for a long number of years been noted for the benef- icent effect of its mineral waters, but there was no real town started until the completion of the Norfolk & Southern Railroad in 1910. Since that time it has enjoyed a constant and substantial growth, and now, with splendid business blocks and handsome modern residences, has become one of the best country towns in North Carolina, with excellent prospects of growing into a substantial city. Late in 1916 a company was formed to estab- lish a knitting mill at this point, which, with the already established lumber mill and other indus- tries in prospect, together with the large tribu- tary territory of rich agricultural lands to draw upon, indicates for Ellerbe a most promising future. Mr. Bennett 's mercantile business prospered from the start and has grown rapidly. His estab- lishment is a large general store, recognized by traveling men from the large cities to be one of the best country enterprises in the Carolinas, the structure being a handsome and commodious brick store building, equipped with every modern facility for giving efficient and expeditious service to its patrons. It is the popular trading place for the farmers and planters throughout a large surround- ing territory, as well as for the citizens of Ellerbe. The business is carried on under the corporate name of J. R. Bennett Company and cares for both the wholesale and retail trade. Mr. Bennett is also president of the Bank of Ellerbe, a flourishing financial institution which was established in 1912. He was one of the promoters and is at present secretary and treasurer of the knitting mill referred to above. In 1914 he was honored by election to the responsible office of county commissioner of Richmond County, representing his part of the county, and was re- elected to this office in 1916. Mr. Bennett is also an extensive and successful farmer, his agricultural interests lying within two or three miles of Ellerbe. Mr. Bennett possesses talents of a business and financial nature unusual in so young a man. He has identified himself in every way with the growth and development of Ellerbe and" the surrounding country, and is especially interested in encourag- ing substantial farmers to locate upon and culti- vate the rich farming soil in Ellerbe 's territory- Mrs. Bennett before her marriage was Miss Mag- gie O 'Brien, and is a daughter of Elijah Bascom O 'Brien, a prosperous farmer living near Ellerbe. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have a son and a daughter: James Harold and Lee Ernestine. C. J. Cox. The interests and activities that make C. J. Cox one of the leading men of Ash- boro are milling and manufacturing. He is one of the oldest prominent lumber men of the state, and has built up a very extensive business in that line at Ashboro. Mr. Cox was born on a farm in Grant Town- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 387 ship, Randolph County, where several generations of the family have lived usefully and with the honors paid to good citizenship. His great-grand- father was a farmer and planter of that county, His grandfather, Simon Cox, born on a farm in Grant township, succeeded to the ownership of the home estate, and was always identified with agriculture. He married Riith Allen, who was born in Randolph County and died at the age of sixty-two. Her parents were Dr. Joseph and Martha Allen, the former a practicing physician. Simon Cox and wife were members of the Society of Friends. Among their five sons was Nathaniel Cox, who was born on the old farm in Randolph County. During his youth Nathaniel Cox learned the trade of carpenter. From that occupation he turned to lumbering. At that time great quantities of vir- gin timber stood over much of the area of this section of the state, and he was one of the first in Randolph County to convert that resource into building material. He operated a saw mill on Deep River, and also had a portable mill operated by steam power, which he conveyed from place to place according to the local demands. He was active in the lumber business until his death at the age of fifty-five. Nathaniel Cox married Lydia Littler, a native of Davidson County, daughter of Jeremiah and Catherine (Stewart) Littler. Mrs Lydia Cox passed away June 22, 1918. C. G. Cox received his early training in the rural schools and was also a student in the West Town Boarding School in Pennsylvania. As a boy he learned much of the lumber business around his father's mills, and has shaped and trained all his experiences to the utmost proficiency in that business. About 1892 Mr. Cox came to Ashboro as a result of his appointment as receiver for the Ashboro Wood and Iron Works. He wound up the affairs of that concern with proper satisfaction to all, and then organized and built the Ether Lumber Company of Ether, in Montgomery County, where for four years he was actively en- gaged in the lumber business. In Ashboro Mr. Cox bought the Crown Roller Mills, and while operating them for the grinding of flour and feed he also continued lumbering. The flour mills he sold in 1905, and then organized the Cox Lumber Company, of which he has since been secretary and treasurer, his executive associates being J. R. Wall, president, and W. L. Wall, vice president. The company has done a large and satisfactory business for over a dozen years. In 1S86 Mr. Cox married Sophronia Spencer, a native of Randolph County and daughter of Nathan F. Spencer. Mrs. Cox died in 1890, leaving one son, Irvin, with whom Mr. Cox is now connected in the cotton manufacturing business in Worth- ville, North Carolina. Irvin received the most of his education at Westtown, Pennsylvania, and then took the management of the Riverside Mills in 1913. Two years later he was married to Con- nie Belle Auman, a native of the state, and to whom was born a son, Irvin, Jr. For his present wife Mr. Cox married Vida Millikan. Mrs. Cox was born in Back Creek Township of Randolph County, daughter of Daniel and Alniina Ann Mil- likan. Mr. and Mrs. Cox are the parents of eight children, named Isley, Ruth. Annie, Wistar, Rich- ard. Clarence, Leo ami Margaret The parents are members of the Friends Church. John M. Maness, M. D. The advent of Dr. John M. Maness at Ellerbe antedated by some years the beginning of the growth and develop- ment of this thriving community, which had its real birth as a center of commercial importance with the arrival of the Norfolk & Southern Rail- road in 1910. Prior to this Doctor Maness with foresight and faith in the future of the region had identified himself with a number of enter- prises, and with increased values and business .progress has gained a position of independence and importance at Ellerbe. However, his reputa- tion principally rests upon his achievements as a worker in the broad field of medical and surgical science, and few men of his profession in Rich- mond County occupy a stronger place in public- esteem and confidence. Doctor Maness has resided in the south central part of North Carolina all his life. He was born at Elise, a town in the north part of Moore County, in 1878, and is a son of Enoch and Julia Ann (Kennedy) Maness. Mrs. Maness died in 1913, and the father is making his home with his son at Ellerbe. Enoch Maness was born at Elise, being a member of an old-time and well- known family of Moore County, where the old Moore family home was located in the center of what was then a flourishing gold-mining section. During the war between the states he served in the Confederate Army, his services consisting prin- cipally of guard duty in the eastern part of Northern Carolina. He is of Scotch ancestry and belongs to a family that has always been noted for its high character and principles of integrity. John M. Maness received his early education in the local schools of Moore County, this attendance being followed by a course at Shiloh Academy in Randolph County. He next enrolled on the mem- bership list of the University of North Carolina, and after a literary course took up the study of medicine, a profession for which he had shown a preference from youth. His studies were prose- cuted at the university, from which he was gradu- ated with his degree in 1909, but before this had commenced practice, having dropped out of the university a year and returned in 1909 to com- plete his course. He began his professional labors in the northern part of the County of Richmond, where he has continued to make his home, having located at what is now the Town of Ellerbe in 1906. When he first came to this community it was still only a little hamlet, which was severely handicapped because of lack of railroad or other good transportation facilities. Still, it was only awaiting the opportunity to grow and develop and this eame when the Norfolk & Southern Railroad was built through in 1910. Immediately the little village took on new life, its men began to energetically promote its interests, and now this is one of the most thriving among the smaller cities of the state. In this work Doctor Maness has played no insignificant part. He is widely known as a skilled and thoroughly learned and practical physician and surgeon, occupying a high place in his profession as well as in the esteem and con- fidence of a large practice; and is also accounted a good business man, with various interests of an important character. One of the matters which he has given a large amount of his attention is the commendable work of setting more land opened up for cultivation. Not alone at Ellerbe, hut in the northern part of Richmond County, he has large holdings. While he has not sought 388 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA public preferment of a political character, he has been an energetic worker in a number of beneficial movements, and has always performed faithfully the duties of good, citizenship. Doctor Maness was married to Miss Cassie O 'Brien, daughter of Elijah Bascom 'Brien, a large and successful farmer near Ellerbe. Mr. 'Brien is one of the notable self-made men of Richmond County. When he commenced opera- tions here he was absolutely without capital and his struggle to get a foothold on the ladder of success was one which taxed his energies to the full. Once started, he rose rapidly, accumulated a jdantation that is one of the most profitable and successful in this section of the state, and reared a family of eight daughters and four sons, all of whom grew up to be useful and industrious members of society. Doctor Maness and wife are the parents of a very fine little son, John M., Jr., whose birth occurred in August, 1916. John Bryant Lane, of Fremont, is an expert authority on the manufacture of cotton seed oil and the various by-products of the cotton plant, and has been largely responsible for making the Fremont Oil Mill Company one of the leading industries of that section. Mr. Lane was born in Wayne County, North Carolina, January 14, 1875,' a son of George H. and Elizabeth (Carr) Lane. His father was a farmer and the son grew up on a farm and learned all the practical details of agriculture long be- fore he entered a business career in which he comes into more or less close contact with farm- ers and agricultural problems. He was educated in the public schools at Fremont and subsequently attended Trinity College at Durham. In January, 1905, Mr. Lane came from the farm to identify himself with the Fremont Oil Com- pany and has since been its secretary, treasurer and general manager. This company operates with a capital of $72,000. It has a capacity for the manufacture of 5,000 tons of cotton seed products every year, and it turns out 3,000 tons of fertilizers. The company also operates an ex- tensive cotton storage warehouse. Mr. Lane is a member and chairman of the board of education of Fremont, a position he has filled for the past four years, and is an active member with his family of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, South. He was married January 10, 1901, to Miss Louise Person, of Wayne County. They have three living children, Percy Clare, John Bryant, Jr., and Edgar Budolph. Herbert Floyd Seawell. The Eastern District of North Carolina has no lawyer of nobler promise, no stronger example of what enterprise, perse- verance and never-ending application can achieve than Herbert Floyd Seawell of Carthage. Faithful attention to the interests of his clients, every de- tail in each case fully weighed and properly con- sidered, have contributed to the attainment of Mr. Seawell 's success in his profession. His hon- orable conduct in each and every position in which he has found himself and the display of abilities of the very highest order account for the honor which was accorded him in his appointment to the office of United States district attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina, a position in which he served most capably for a period of nearly four years. Herbert F. Seawell was born near Wallace, Du- plin County, North Carolina, in 1869, his parents being Dr. V. N. and Ellen (Croom) Seawell. The Seawell family is of English origin and has pro- duced some notable characters, in the North as well as in the South. In some branches of the family the name is spelled Sewall, as notably Arthur Sewall, the Maine shipbuilder, who was a candidate for vice president. In some sections of the country the name became changed to Sowell, this being particularly the case with those branches of the family that were pioneer settlers in the newer parts of the South and of the far South- west. Judge Henry Seawell, who was one of the prominent lawyers and jurists of his day, was born in Moore County and lived here until he was a young man. He was a member of the court of conference, was twice superior court judge, resided in Raleigh and is buried near Baleigh on the road leading out to Crabtree Creek. The grandfather of Herbert F. Seawell was E. Quimby Seawell, a prosperous farmer of Moore County. He was the son of Rev. Jesse Seawell, a noted Baptist preacher of the early years, a pioneer preacher of the western part of North Carolina. He married Mary Dixon Phillips, a daughter of Rev. Eli Phillips, who was for years moderator of the Sandy Creek Baptist Association. She was descended from O 'Connor Dowd, who came from Ireland to North Carolina and was the progenitor of the famous Dowd family of which the late Maj. Clement Dowd of Charlotte was a noted member. The maternal grandmother of Herbert F. Seawell was a Moore of Moore 's Creek, Pender County, North Carolina. Dr. V. N. Seawell, the father of Herbert F. Seawell, was born in 1839, in Moore County, on the old Seawell place near Carthage. He was well educated, both in a literary and medical way, adopted medicine as his profession, and began practice as a physician and surgeon before the outbreak of the war between the South and the North, continuing in active practice until within the last few years. For several years past, ever since his retirement, his home has been at Faison in Duplin County. In his young manhood he fol- lowed the vocation of teaching before beginning the practice of medicine, and about 1860 left Moore County, and for some time taught school in Bladen and Pender counties. Later he went to Wayne County; and in 1887 returned to Moore County, where he remained in successful practice until his retirement. During his active career he was accounted one of the leading and representa- tive members of his profession in the various com- munities in which his activities were centered, and at all times was known as a dependable, reliable and public-spirited citizen, with a keen interest in the welfare of the locality in which his home was made. He has led an industrious and useful life, and in his declining years is in the enjoy- ment of the comforts that a long life of energetic labor brings. Mrs. Seawell, who also belonged to an old and honored family of North £ arolina, has been dead for many years, having passed away when her son, Herbert F., was still a child. Within recent years Herbert F. Seawell has purchased the land which constituted part of the old Seawell home place in Moore County, situated about seven miles west of Carthage and near Friendship Church. It was here that Rev. Jesse Seawell built a home, mostly with his own hands. He was, in addition to being a brilliant and in- spired minister, an expert stonecutter, a trade which he had learned in his early youth, and the specimens of the almost perfect stone work which HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 389 still exist at the old home place form eloquent evidence of the thoroughness and enduring quality of his handicraft. Herbert F. Seawell had the distinction when a boy of being a student in the seventh grade at Goldsboro under Dr. E. A. Alderman, who is now the president of the University of Virginia. He was also a student at Wake Forest College, in the academic department, and his legal studies were prosecuted in the meantime during his spare hours. Subsequently he studied for his profession in the law department of the University of North Caro- lina, and in 1887 accompanied his father to Moore County. In 1891 and 1892 he taught the graded school at Clarkeville, Virginia, and in the summer of the latter year established himself in the prac- tice of his profession at Carthage. Here he has since resided and has become one of the leading and most successful lawyers of this section of the state. In 189-1 he was elected solicitor of fohe district which at that time embraced the counties of Moore, Anson, Richmond, Scotland, Cumberland, Bladen, Columbus and Brunswick, and served in that capacity for four years. President Roosevelt appointed him United States judge to succeed Judge T. R. Pumell, but this appointment was never acted on by the Senate. In 1910 he was appointed by President Taft to the position of United States district attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina, a position which he rilled with distinction for nearly four years. Mr. Seawell, in addition to being a finished, learned and thorough lawyer, expert alike as counsellor or trial lawyer, is a brilliant orator and of unusual charm and manner of speech. He is a republican in politics and in campaign years his services as a speaker are greatly sought. Before her marriage Mrs. Seawell was Miss Ella MaeNeill, daughter of the late Col. Alexander H. MacNeill, of Moore County, for thirty-two consecu- tive years clerk of the Superior Court of Moore County, and a member of a family whose history is closely intertwined with that of the county. They are the parents of three bright and talented children: Ella Mead, Herbert Floyd, Jr., and Henry. Manleff Jarkell Wrenn. The distinguishing feature of High Point as an industrial center of North Carolina is its great woodworking estab- lishment, involving in the aggregate a production of millions of dollars' worth of furniture and other woodeuware annually. One of the men most prominently identified with this industry over a long period of years has been Mr. Manleff Jarrell Wrenn, whose name is also closely associated with the city 's progress and welfare through his official service as mayor and in other capacities. Mr. Wrenn was born near Liberty in Randolph County, North Carolina. The founder of the fam- ily in this state was his great-grandfather, Kilby Wrenn, who came here in colonial times and se- cured six hundred acres of land, the title to which was granted by the Crown. The Christian name Kilby has been handed down through the differ- ent generations of his descendants. James Wrenn, a native of Randolph County, and grandfather of the High Point manufacturer, succeeded to the ownership of a part of the old homestead and spent his entire life there. He was widely known as ' ' Colonel Jimmie ' ' Wrenn. He married Sally Hardin, sister of the wife of Edwin M. Holt, a pioneer North Carolina cotton manufacturer. They reared six sons and several daughters, the names of the sons being William, Kilby, John, James C, Jr., Merritt C, and Frank. The three youngest sons all wore the uniforms of Confederate sol- diers, and Merritt and Frank lost their lives dur- ing the war. Merritt C. Wrenn, father of Manleff Jarrell, was born in Randolph County, grew up on the farm, and after his marriage settled on part of the ancestry estate. With the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the Confederate army, and as his physical strength and health did not per- mit the arduous service of the field, he was detailed for duty in the dispensary of the medical depart- ment at Raleigh. He died while at the capital city and his remains were buried there. He mar- ried Nancy Elizabeth Jarrell, who was born near the present site of Guilford College, daughter of Absalom and Lydia (Cucle) Jarrell. Lydia (Cude) was a daughter of Timothy Cude, a pioneer set- tler of Guilford County. Absalom Jarrell owned a farm ten miles south of Greensboro. Nancy Elizabeth Jarrell was educated in the New Gar- den Boarding School and was a teacher before her marriage. Manleff Jarrell Wrenn was a small child when his father died, and he grew up to the age of twenty-one in the home of his uncle, Manleff Jar- rell, at High Point. He worked in his uncle 's hotel and attended school, and began his inde- pendent career as clerk in a grocery store. By careful saving of his earnings he. was able two years later to engage in the grocery business for himself, starting with a very small stock in trade. Patronage came to him and by degrees he en- larged his business, and finally his brother Thomas F. became associated with him. This partner- ship was continued for about ten years. In the meantime Mr. Wrenn had also become interested in the furniture business established by his brother Thomas, and out of this has grown the great industry now known as the High Point Furniture Company, of which Mr. Wrenn is sole proprietor. The High Point Furniture Company is the oldest furniture industry in the State of North Caro- lina. He is also interested in the Wrenn-Columhia Furniture Company, and is sole owner of the Union Brokerage Company, taking the output of a number of manufacturers, and is identified with various other enterprises. Mr. Wrenn has long been a figure in local dem- ocratic politics. He served as a member of the Board of Aldermen seven years and his term as mayor was for four years, a period in which much of the substantial municipal progress of High Point was effected. Mr. Wrenn has been delegate to various county, district and state conventions of his party. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. On June 11, 1918, Mr. Wrenn was married to Miss Louise Clinard, a daughter of the late Hiram F. Clinard, a veteran of the Civil war, and Desde- mona Charles Clinard, also a niece of the Capt. Harper Charles, who was a graduate in law and president of an old Virginia college, but resigned and helped to organize the Guilford Grays, fighting bravely until he fell on the last evening of the seven days ' fight at Richmond. The last utter- ance of Captain Charles was, '{ Follow me, boys, and I will follow the enemy." Mrs. Wrenn is a graduate of the State Normal College, and a woman of extraordinary business ability, having been Mr. Wrenn 's private seere- tarv for a number of vears. 390 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Gen. Bryan Grimes was born November 2, 1828, in Pitt County, North Carolina, youngest child of Bryan and Nancy Grimes. He graduated from the University of North Carolina, in 1848 and soon alter graduating his father gave him a valuable plantation in Pitt County, whereon he resided until the time of his death with the exception of his four years of service in the Confederate Army. April 9, 1851, he married Elizabeth Hilliard, daughter of Dr. Thomas Davis of Franklin County. She died in 1857. September 5, 1863, he married Miss Charlotte Emily Bryan, daughter of Hon. John H. Bryan of Raleigh. General Grimes took part in the secession con- vention of May, 1861, but soon resigned to ac- cept field duty in the army. His first service was as major of the Fourth Regiment of State Troops, and on May 1, 1862, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. After con- spicuous bravery and leadership ' in the battle of Seven Pines he was promoted June 19, 1862, to colonel of the regiment and with it took part in the first Maryland campaign, was in the thick of the battle of Chancellorsville, and led the ad- vance into the Town of Gettysburg, and subse- quently assisted most efficiently in protecting the rear guard after that battle. It was conspicuous action on May 19, 186-1, during the battle of the Wilderness, by personally leading his brigade in a gallant charge he was accredited by General Lee himself with having saved the army, and was promoted to brigadier- general. He led his brigade in the early move- ments of the great campaign through the valley of Virginia and after the battle of October 19th, where General Ramseur was mortally wounded, General Grimes was put in command of the divi- sion and the following February was commissioned as' major-general. He was one of the division commanders in many of the terrific struggles which marked the beginning of the end, and without recounting in detail this record which can be found in many published works, there re- mains one event in his military career that de- serves to be especially remembered by North Carolina people. It was General Grimes who planned and led the last charge made by the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox. He was called into a council headed by General Lee. After much dis- cussion and indecision as to what should be done, General Grimes finally became impatient and declared that it was someone 's duty to make an attack and that he personally would under- take it. Receiving consent, he at once made all the necessary arrangements, placed the troops in proper position, and gave the signal to advance, which was done in gallant style. General Grimes then sent a message to his superior, General Gor- don, announcing his success and that the road to Lynchburg was open for the escape of the wagons. To his great surprise he received orders to re- tire, but declined to do so. The orders were re- peated, and General Grimes continued to disre- gard them, thinking that General Gordon was in Ignorance of his position. Finally came an order from General Lee himself, and he reluctantly withdrew his troops from the advanced position they had gained. As the withdrawal began in an orderly manner, the Federal forces made a sudden rush until they were met by a withering volley from one of the Confederate brigades, and that volley, which allowed the troops to retire without further molestation, was the last volley fired at Appomatox and the last one by the old Army of Northern Virginia. Upon reporting to his superior officer General Grimes was informed that General Lee was nego- tiating a surrender. He was so astounded and chagrined that he immediately turned his horse and started toward his command with the inten- tion of informing his men that if they desired they might escape with him. General Gordon quickly overtook him and calmly reasoned with him that such action would be a reflection upon General Lee and a disgrace upon an officer of such high rank as General Grimes. The appeal had an immediate effect, but probably no com- manding officer of the old army ehafed more un- der the restraint imposed by these negotiations than General Grimes. After the war he led the quiet life of a coun- try gentleman on his farm and plantation, and dispensed hospitality with a lavish hand, especially doing what he could to relieve the wants of the needy and repair the wounds made to his beloved state and its people. August 14, 1880, while re- turning home from the Town of Washington in his home county, General Grimes was shot from - ':he roadside by a concealed assassin and almost instantly killed. Charles Dewey is one of the most capable citizens and business men of Goldsboro. His has not been an easy life. When a boy he accepted responsibilities, and these responsibilities have in- creased until he is now a directing factor in half a dozen large business institutions and also in other institutions closely connected with the pub- lic welfare. He was born in Goldsboro December 10, 1851, a' son of Dr. Charles Francis and Harriet Maria (Borden) Dewey. His father, who was a physi- cian, came originally of a Connecticut family. Charles Dewey was educated in private schools in Goldsboro and Raleigh, attending Mrs. Whit- taker and the Ray schools and Doctor Lacy 's pri- vate school, but most of his literary acquire- ments he gained by self study and his own efforts. When a boy thirteen or fourteen years old he sold tobacco to Union soldiers when Sherman's army passed through. He made 20 cents on every dollar 's worth which he sold, and his aunt allowed him to keep this earning. For eight years he was clerk in a hardware store and learned the busi- ness which in its kindred lines he has followed more or less ever since. On December 16, 1874, Mr. Dewey married Mary Alice Steele, of Fayetteville, North Carolina, iii 1875 he entered business for himself in partuer- ship with W. F. Kornegay, selling hardware and agricultural implements. In 1880 another depart- ment was added for the sale of engines and boil- ers, and about that time Mr. Dewey was burned out, and he has since been giving ' his chief at- tention to the machinery business. In 1885 his partner sold out and he then reorganized as Dewey Brothers. In 1904 this firm was incorporated under that name, with Mr. Charles Dewey as pres- ident, and he is now president of Dewey Broth- ers, Incorporated. He is president of the Wayne Agricultural Works, of the Goldsboro Garage and Transport Company, is vice president of the Whiteville Lum- ber Company, vice president of the Goldsboro Ice Company, and a director in the Goldsboro Furni- ture Company, the Enterprise Lumber Company, the Wayne National Bank, the Borden Cotton HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 391 Mills, the A. T. Griffin Manufacturing Company, and the Empire Manufacturing Company. His civic spirit can be best understood by ref- erence to some of the organizations in which he has an official part. He is a director of the Wayne County Fair Association, is chairman of the Wayne County Highway Commission, is resident trustee of the Odd Fellows Orphans Home at Goldsboro, to which he has given liberally both of his means and his time, is a member of the board of trustees of the Knights of Pythias Orphanage, and is a trustee of the Caswell Train- ing Sehool, a state institution at Kinston. Mr. Dewey is a steward of St. Paul's Methodist Epis- copal Church. His first wife died in 1893. There are four living children: George Steele, Thomas Augustus, Ernest Miller and Harriet Maria. One daughter, Hannah, died at the age of twenty-four, as Mrs. J. Langhorne Barham, wife of the well known at- torney of Goldsboro. There were other children who died in infancy. On February 16, 1898, Mr. Dewey married Annie Lawrence Snow, of Ea- leigh, daughter of Theophilus and Mary Elizabeth iMurdock) Snow, the former a farmer, merchant and lumberman. George Steele Dewey, son of Charles Dewey, was born at Goldsboro, August 19, 1881. He was edu- cated in the public schools, Guilford College (X. 0.), Virginia Military Institute, where he graduated in 1903, and then spent two years at Cornell, graduating as mechanical engineer in 1906. Since that date he has filled the position of general manager of Dewey Brothers, Incorpo- rated, machine shops and foundry. Since 1915 he has also been president of the Goldsboro Street Railway system. Thomas Augustus Dewey, a son of Mr. Charles Dewey by his first wife, was born at Goldsboro June 6, 1883, was educated in the public schools, the University of North Carolina, the Virginia Military Institute, where he graduated in 1903, and spent two years as a technical student in Cor- nell University, where he finished his course in 1906. As an electrical engineer he practiced one year in Erie, Pennsylvania, and in December, 1907, became identified with Dewey Brothers, Incorpo- rated, and since the following year has been sec- retary and treasurer of the company. He is also a director of the Utility Manufacturing Company. Socially he has membership in the Algonquin Club, of which he is a member of the board of governors, and belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Or- der of Elks and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Ernest Miller Dewey, another son of Charles Dewey, was born at Goldsboro December 25. 1886. Besides the public schools he took the four years ' course in the Virginia Military Institute, where he was graduated in 1906. He spent some time with the Westinghouse Electric and Manufactur- ing Company at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and then took a position with Dewey Brothers, Incor- porated, at Goldsboro. but since 1910 has been general manager of the Whitesville Lumber Com- pany. He resides at Whitesville, is an alderman of that city, and fraternally is affiliated with the Odd Fellows. On December 28, 1915, he mar- ried Marguerite Louise Croom, of Wilmingtou. They have one daughter, Marguerite Devane. George Hollister Roberts, Jr.. though only a young man in years, has attained an enviable prom- inence in business affairs at Newbern, and has won promotion on merit and the ability to do things himself and get things done by others. A native of Newbern, where he was born May 10, 1890, he is a son of George Hollister and Hannah (Jarvis; Roberts. The senior Mr. Roberts has been for many years a well known figure in business and financial circles at Newbern. The Roberts home was one of comfort and excellent ideals, and the son was well educated and had the best of influences around his youth. He at- tended the public schools and private schools, the Trinity School, took a course in the Georgia Sehool of Technology of Atlanta, and iu 1910 graduated from the University of North Carolina. His first position on leaving college was as man- ager of the Oriental lee and Fuel Company at Newbern. For a time he was a traveling salesman and then in 1915 he went wtih the Newbern Iron Works and Supply Company. On November 7, 1916, Mr. Roberts married Miss Mary Nixon, of Newbern. Chisholm C. Ckaxford. One of the biggest contributors to Ashboro 's distinetiou as a manu- facturing center in Chisholm C. Cranford, who began his business career as a flour miller, and gradually expanded the scope of his operations until they now include holdings and executive con- nections with a number of business institutions, including furniture factories, banks and cotton mills. Mr. Cranford is also a former mayor of Ashboro. His family have been residents of Randolph County for several generations. His great-grand- father, Sawney Cranford, was a planter in New- Hope Township of that county. He reared four sons and three daughters, named Henry, Tempe, Seth, Thomas, Cynthey, Betsy and Sally. Henry Cranford, grandfather of Chisholm C, was born in New Hope Township of Randolph County, and after his marriage bought a farm there and was a resident a number of years, when he sold his possessions and bought a new place in Concord township, on which he lived about thirty years. He then removed to Guilford County, buying a farm a mile from High Point, and this was his home until his death at the age of sixty-five. He married Demaris Cranford, who was born in New Hope Township, daughter of Samuel and Betsey (Davis) Cranford. Her death occurred when about seventy years old. They had twelve children, Zimri A., Diana, Elizabeth, Tucker, Julius, Sam- uel, Minerva, John, Calier, Jefferson, William and Emma. Zimri A. Cranford, father of the Ashboro busi- ness man, was born on a plantation in New Hope Township of Randolph County, August 22, 1842. He grew up on that farm, and was nineteen years old when in November, 1861, he enlisted for serv- ice in the Confederate army. He was a member of Company H of the Thirty-eighth Regiment, and was with that regiment in many of its campaigns and battles until the close of the war. He was not far from Appomattox when Lee 's army sur- rendered. Hostilities ended, he returned home, and two years later bought a farm in Concord Town- ship, where he was busily engaged with agricul- ture until 1908, when he sold his farm and retired to Ashboro, where he is now living. In 1870 he married Rozina Maria Lassiter. She was born in New Hope Township, daughter of Aaron and Car- oline (Bingham) Lassiter. Zimri Cranford and wife had eight children, Crissie, Chisholm C, Charles, Matilda, Herman, Mabel, Mattie and Erv- ing. Mabel and Erving are now deceased. 392 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Bom on his father 's farm in Concord Town- ship, Chishohn C. Cranford had the environment of a rural district during his youth, and was edu- cated in the common schools. He left the paternal roof at the age of twenty and gained a knowledge of the milling business as an employee in the Ash- boro Eoller Mill at Ashboro, with which he was connected for four years. He then bought a finan- cial interest in the mill, and was its manager three years. Selling out, he acquired the property of the Crown Roller Mill, operating that for some years. In the meantime he had become interested in other enterprises, including the Acme Hosiery Company. On selling the Crown Eoller Mill in 1909 he bought the plant of the Randolph Chair Company, of which he is now secretary and treas- urer. In 1917 he organized the Ashboro Hosiery Mill Company, of which he is treasurer. In 1914 he helped organize and is a director of the Pied- mont Chair Company, and in 1917 he was one of the organizers of the Bentwood Chair Company, of which he is president. The Southern Chair Company of High Point also numbers him as a director, and he served as a director in the First National Bank of Ashboro and as president of the Ashboro. Drug Company, and vice president of the Southern Crown Milling Company of Ashboro. Though too busy a man to give much attention to politics, Mr. Cranford has always aimed to do his duty as a good citizen, and has been a member of the Ashboro Town Board and was elected mayor in 1914. He is affiliated with Balfour Lodge No. 188, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and he and his wife are both active in the Methodist Episcopal church. He served a number of years as steward. In November, 1896, Mr. Cranford married Mary Annie Davis, who was born in Randolph County, daughter of Dougan and Lucinda (Hill) Davis. They are the parents of four children: Edward, Vivian, Clarence and Davis. Edward is now a student in the Bailey Military Institute at Green- ville, South Carolina. Hon Walter D. Siler. The popular confi- dence and judgment which elevated Walter D. Siler to his present position as solicitor for the Fourth Judicial District is due not only to his splendid record as a lawyer and public-spirited citizen but also to the fact that for generations the Silers have been a family of irreproachable honor and of distinctive usefulness in Chatham County One of the important towns of that county is Siler City, the home of Mr. Walter D. Siler, where he has practiced law for fifteen years. His great-gTandfather, Josiah D. Siler, was a native of Chatham County and owned and oper- ated a large plantation, which was the scene of his busy and active career. The grandfather of Walter Siler was Josiah Davis Siler, born in the same locality of Chatham County and also a planter and lifelong resident. His descendants now own and occupy the plantation on which he lived and died. He married Delilah King, a native of Orange County, North Carolina, and both lived to good old age. They reared a family of seven sons and three daughters. Alson R, Siler, father of Walter D., was born on a plantation in Chatham County and came to manhood with a very good education and train- ing. He was one of the young men who re- sponded to the needs of the Confederacy for soldiers and enlisted on August 15, 1863, in Com- pany E of the Twenty-Sixth North Carolina Troops. He went to the front with his com- mand and was with it in many battles until the close. His name appears on the official list of those who surrendered and were paroled at Appomattox. Following the war he engaged in merchandising in a country district in Chatham County, and when Siler City was established he moved his store there and kept up business until ill health compelled him to retire. He died in 1913. The maiden name of his wife was Nannie Jones, who was born in Guilford County and is now a resident of Siler City. They reared a fam- ily of six children. Walter D. Siler was born at Siler City and partly through the family position and as a result of his own energies and ambitions he acquired every qualification for a successful career. He prepared for college at Thompson High and Military School and afterwards pur- sued an academic as well as the law course in the University of North Carolina. Mr. Siler was licensed to practice in 1900, and soon afterwards opened his law offices in Siler City. Public honors soon came to him and in 1903 he was elected to represent Chatham County in the State Legisla- ture. He was promoted to his present dignities and responsibilities as solicitor of the Fourth Judicial District in 1913, and has been re-elected for a second term. As a democrat he has accorded the stanchest support and admiration for the party policies of President Wilson. Joseph Foster Sanders. The career of the late Joseph Foster Sanders, who died March 7, 1918, was significant in more ways than one. He was a member of one of the three regiments raised in the eastern counties of the state for service in the Civil war in the Union army. He began life at a mechanical trade and at its end was propri- etor of one of the most important industries of Elizabeth City, the Elizabeth City Iron Works and Supply Company. The late Mr. Sanders belonged to one of the oldest families of Pasquatank County, a family which through intermarriage was related with many others of the leading families of that sec- tion. Joseph Foster Sanders, the son of Joseph and Ann (Meads) Sanders, was born December 10, 1845. The first seventeen years of his life he spent with his father farming and attending the local schools. On September 19, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany D, First North Carolina Volunteer Infan- try, Union Army. He was with the Federal forces until the close of the war and returned home with the rank of corporal. All the three regiments that North Carolina raised for the Union army acquitted themselves well, particu- larly the First, and the records show that no braver, more gallant or loyal soldiers ever faced danger during those four troubled years. Mr. Sanders was wounded at Indiantown and his in- juries kept him in a hospital for ten months, and caused him suffering throughout the remainder of his life. After the war Mr. Sanders went west to Ne- braska and Missouri for a time but returned to Pasquotank County and in 1870 opened a coun- try blacksmith shop, principally entering a line of business that in that section was a necessary adjunct of the neighborhood 's industrial life. In 1874 he enlarged the scope of his business by com- ing to Elizabeth City and erecting a three-story building, in which he installed facilities and ap- paratus for the manufacture of carriages and wagons. A careful worker, a good business man, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 393 he steadily prospered during all the subsequent years. In 1897 he sold out his original shop in order to establish the Elizabeth City Iron Works and Supply Company. That is a big industry, fur- nishing employment to fifty skilled workmen. Mr. Sanders was president and active head of the company until his death and his three oldest sons were also associated with him. Mr. Sanders married Miss Millicent Lowry, a native of Pasquotank County, North Carolina. She died September 7, 1898, December 31, 1903. Mr. Sanders married Miss Agnes M. Hodge, a native of Cornwall, Ontario, Canada. By his first wife he was the father of seven children : Henry W., secretary of the Elizabeth City Iron Works & Supply Company ; Brad, vice president and gen- eral manager of the company ; Andrew, who is treasurer of the company but is now serving as a lieutenant in the United States Navy; Margaret; and three deceased, Robert, John and Ella. By his second marriage Mr. Sanders had two sons, Archibald G. and Ernest J. Joseph F. Sanders was one of the oldest mem- bers of Elizabeth City Lodge of Odd Fellows. William B. Hicks is best known over a wide region of North Carolina as a lumberman. He has been a practical man in the lumber industry in North Carolina for a quarter of a century, and prior to that was a successful railroad builder and contractor. Mr. Hicks ' home is at Biscoe, Montgomery County. The Hicks family is of English origin and his paternal grandfather was a Virginian. Mr. Hicks was born at Raleigh in 1864, son of William J. and Julia (Harrison) Hicks. The family lived at Raleigh for a number of years, and from 1861 to 1865 the father had active charge of the powder mill at the State Capital, manufacturing powder for the Confederate army. During his boyhood at Raleigh William B. Hicks attended the private school of the noted educator Jefferson Lovejoy. When a young man he took up contracting, and was identified with the con- struction of several important links in the North Carolina railroad system. He built the old Louis- burg road, the Oxford and Henderson roads, the Carthage road in Moore County, and several others. Beginning about 1888 Mr. Hicks became a lum- ber manufacturer, and that has been his main business activity ever since. His first lumber mill was on the Seaboard Air Line Railroad between Aberdeen and Keyser. Since then he has oper- ated mills at various points through this section of the state, and for several years has been one of the larger manufacturers. He established his home at Biscoe in Montgomery County in 1893 and has a beautiful residence surrounded with ample and attractive grounds. For several years he con- ducted a mill at Biscoe, but it is not now in operation. His chief manufacturing interest at present is a large planing mill at Pedee in Rich- mond County. He has always stood as a man of influence in his community, and for several years has been a member of the board of trustees of the State High School at Biscoe, and served several terms as mayor of the town. Mr. Hicks married Miss Bertha Baldwin, member of a prominent family of Rich- mond and Montgomery counties. They have six children: Frank, Frances, Bertha, Harrison, Min- nie and Julia. Archibald Sherrod. Some of the important industrial history of High Point may properly be written as the experience and achievement of Arch- ibald Sherrod, who for many years has been one of the leading figures in the furniture industry of the city. Mr. Sherrod represents an old and noted pioneer family of Martin County. He was born near Oak City of Martin County, and the same town- ship was also the birthplace of his father, Robert W. Sherrod. His grandfather, William R. W. Sherrod, owned and operated a plantation there, was a slave owner, and probably spent all his life there. Robert W. Sherrod attended Horner 's Mil- itary Institute, and during early manhood taught one or two terms of school. Having inherited slaves and a part of the old homestead, he engaged in the business of planter, but left his home and duties at the outbreak of the war and put on the Confederate uniform. He was a cavalryman, but during his service was taken ill and died soon after his return home. He married Jane F. Parker. She was a native of Orange County and her father, Jesse Parker, moved from that county to Martin County, where he had a plantation. Jesse Parker married Mary Armstrong, also a native of Orange County. Mrs. Robert W. Sherrod was a cousin of Prof. James Horner, founder of the Horner's Mil- itary Institute. She was largely educated under the direction of that famous educator. She died two or three years after her husband, leaving two children, Archibald and Mollie, who married C. H. Baker. Mr. Archibald Sherrod was a small child when his parents died. He grew up in the home of his uncle, Joseph J. Parker, where he attended local schools, and later was a student in the Vine Hill Academy at Scotland Neck, in Halifax County, and in 1881 took a business course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York. His practical business experience covers a pe- riod of over thirty-five years. After leaving school he clerked in a general store at Hamilton a year. He then formed a partnership with his brother- in-law, Mr. Baker, and bought the stock and good will of his employer, and both of them gave their united enterprise to the handling of the store for twelve years. Mr. Sherrod then sold out to Mr. Baker, and coming to High Point bought the fac- tory of the Best Chair Company. A year later Mr. Baker having sold his business at Hamilton, also joined him at High Point, and they formed a partnership, each with a half interest in the fac- tory. They also established a store, Mr. Baker having the management of the latter while Mr. Sherrod was the executive head of the factory. One year later they sold their interests at High Point and returned to Hamilton, where as joint part- ners they established a factory for the manufac- ture of trousers, and a store continuing the same plan of management of each branch of their enter- prise. In 1904 Mr. Sherrod again sold his inter- ests at Hamilton and returned to High Point, where he bought stock in the Union Furniture Company. Since that date he has been secretary and treasurer of this important corporation, and is also interested in other local enterprises and is quite an extensive owner of city property. At the age of twenty-three Mr. Sherrod married Mollie Sherrod, who was born in Martin county, daughter of Henry L. and Susan (Bass) Sherrod. She died leaving four children : Lillie, Debbie, Archibald, Jr., and Henry. Lillie is the wife of Judge Walter L. Watson. Debbie married W. R. Morrow and has two children, named Arch Sher- rod and Robert. Archibald, Jr., married Clara Stanton and has a son named David Stanton. 394 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Henry is a lieutenant in the American Army and is now in France. For his present wife Mr. Sherrod married a sister of his first wife, Lizzie Sherrod. They have three children, Mary, Lucile and Frank. Mary is now a student in the Goucher College at Baltimore. Mr. and Mrs. Sherrod are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and he has been a member of the Board of Stewards of that church for the past twenty-five years. Fraternally he is affiliated with Numa F. Beid Lodge No. 344, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and High Point Lodge No. 108, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Frank C. Boyles, cashier of the American Bank of Greensboro, has earned a name and an estab- lished reputation in commercial affairs in that city, reflecting honor and credit upon his talents and early training and environment. Mr. Boyles was born on a farm in Lincoln County, North Carolina, son of Bev. Marcus W. Boyles, a native of the same locality and grand- son of Joseph Boyles, who was a planter and slave owner and a local minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lincoln County, where he spent all his days. He married a Miss Yount. Bev. Marcus W. Boyles completed his education at Butherford College, was converted in early life, and after preparing for the ministry entered the North Carolina Conference and held various pastor- ates over the state. His last years were spent in Lexington, where he died at the age of fifty five. He married Susan Wood, a native of Lincoln County, where the father, John H. Wood, was a planter. She survived her husband and died at Greensboro, the mother of six children, named Augustus C, Frank C, J. Henry, Blanche, Marvin and Pitman. Frank C. Boyles having determined upon a business rather than a professional career left Trinity College before graduating and acquired his first practical knowledge of mercantile affairs at Mount Gilead, where he spent two years, and from there came to Greensboro and for four years clerked with the Odell Hardware Company. With this general knowledge of business he entered the Greensboro National Bank as collector, and was with that institution until 1911, when he resigned to become cashier of the American National Bank. Mr. Boyles married Myrtie Ham, who was born at Mount Olive, North Carolina, daughter of Henry T. and Lucy Ham. They have one son, Richard. Mr. and Mrs. Boyles are members of the West Market Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and for fifteen years he has been a mem- ber of its Board of Stewards. Fraternally he is affiliated with Greensboro lodge No. 76, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Bueua Vista Lodge No. 21 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Greensboro Lodge No. 80 of the Knights of Pythias. Paul Cameron Whitlock is a lawyer by pro- fession, is trust officer and attorney for the Amer- ican Trust Company, and president of the cham- ber of Commerce at Charlotte. More than that, Mr. Whitlock is a citizen of very alert and pro- gressive type and is one of the most constuctive men in the modern evolution of Charlotte, as a citizen basing its greatness upon the wholesome welfare of the citizens as well as its material achievement. Mr. Whitlock was born at Bockingham in Richmond County, North Carolina, in 1878, a son of E. D. and Caroline (Cameron) Whitlock. His father was a native of Montgomery County, North Carolina, and went with his father and family to Richmond County in 1867, locating in Wolf Pitt Township. E. U. Whitlock afterwards moved to Rockingham, where for a number of years he has since successfully engaged in busi- ness. Caroline Cameron, mother of Paul C. Whitlock, and now deceased, was a daughter of the late Col. John W. Cameron, distinguished as a law- yer, statesman and citizen. For a number of years he was a law partner of the late Major Shaw of Bockingham. Major Shaw, himself a lawyer of brilliant parts and attainments, paid Colonel Cameron the compliment that he was the best lawyer he ever knew. A year or two after the war Colonel Cameron was a member of the State Legislature and while there was instrumen- tal in having passed a homestead law giving land owners exemption from execution on their home lands up to $1,000 worth. The wisdom and ben- eficence of this act are the better understood when it is remembered that the period was that follow- ing the devastation of war when all farmers in North Carolina were invariably poor. During the '50s Colonel Cameron was editor of the old Fay- etteville Argus. He made a brilliant record as a Confederate officer during the Civil war. Paul Cameron Whitlock graduated from the University of North Carolina with the class of 1898, and also studied law there. On admission to the bar he practiced at Rockingham for about six years in partnership with Cameron Morrison. The firm then moved to Charlotte, and the two partners were associated for about four years, after which Mr. Whitlock engaged in an inde- pendent practice. He was city attorney of Char- lotte during Dr. C. A. Bland 's first administra- tion as mayor, but after several months resigned to* take up his present work as trust officer and attorney for the American Trust Company. On September 6, 1917, Mr. Whitlock was elected president of the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce and immediately entered into the responsibilities of directing a work in which the Chamber of Com- merce proposed to co-operate with all the inter- ests fundamental and vital to the welfare and progress of the City of Charlotte and Mecklen- burg Count}', and in the laying of whieh program Mr. Whitlock had previously had a most influential part. Mr. Whitlock is credited with much of the en- thusiasm that changed the character of the Cham- ber of Commerce from a social body into a de- pendable working organization for the welfare of the community. He took an active part in re- organizing the chamber and served as a director of its highways bureau before his election as president. Mr. Whitlock did some splendid serv- ice with his associates in securing Charlotte the location of the National Army Cantonment of Camp Greene. L T pon his inauguration as president of the Chamber of Commerce Mr. Whitlock delivered an address that called for and allows general en- thusiasm in one of the broadest constructive pro- grams ever embraced by a North Carolina city. While his address cannot be quoted at length, the following excerpt deserves permanent record : "If the Chamber of Commerce existed solely for the promotion of the commercial interests of the city, which it does not, the surest way of attain- ing its object would be to concern itself with the deeper and broader factors of the city 's life. A HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 395 wholesome growth can be brought about only by uniform development. The way to make Char- lotte a big city, if bigness were our sole object, would be to make it a good place in which to live. The city that makes itself a good place in which to live will draw people to it and these people will bring their industries with them. The modern manufacturer, when he goes to select a location for his plant, looks farther than to the purely natural advantages. In this great coun- try there are plenty of places that offer good natural advantages to almost any line of busi- ness or industry. Other things being ecpjal, the city that is the best place in which to live has the advantage. Therefore the Chamber of Commerce, if it would serve the truly commercial interests of the city, would better concern itself with such questions as schools, parks, playgrounds, amuse- ments, health, good water and all those things that touch the lives of its people. ' ' Another quo- tation should be made from an editorial that ap- peared in the Charlotte Observer : ' ' The Cham- ber of Commerce in its former days was great at wearing spike tailed coats and white vests two or three times a year, making speeches and build- ing air castles. But the organization has happily moved from the old ideas arid has come into a correct realization of its substance. For some time past it has been officered by men of progres- sive ideals and there has been progressive promo- tion in the selection of its new leader in the per- son of Mr. Paul Whitlock. The new president has given proof that he holds the proper concep- tion of the duties of the Chamber of Commerce. The Observer believes that the man, the hour and the organization have come into conjunction and that the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce has been at last launched upon a career of unbounded use- fulness not alone to the city, but to the county, for it has wisely enlarged its scope so as to look after the development of community interests in their various ramifications. The general pur- poses of the Chamber of Commerce are pretty well understood by the public, but there is not quite so good an appreciation of the constantly ex- panding opportunities of the organization. Mr. Whitlock appears to have gTasped these in the fullest meaning, and particularly in connection with co-operation in rural endeavor. - He takes the proper view that the Chamber of Commerce could find no better way in the promotion of the good of Charlotte than in lending its influence to the development of the agricultural resources in Mecklenburg County. ' ' Mr. Whitlock is a member of the Trinity Meth- odist Church. He married Miss Maude Crosland, of Richmond County, daughter of William E. Crosland. Their four children are : Virginia Le- Grande, Paul Cameron, Jr., Caroline Elizabeth and Neil. Richard Fenner Yarborough, M. D. A physi- cian of wide and successful experience who has practiced at Louisburg nearly twenty years, Dr. Richard Fenner Yarborough had the best of early training and natural qualifications preliminary to his work in the profession. Born in Louisburg March 21, 1872, son of Col. William Henry and Lula (Davis) Yarborough, his father formerly a merchant and at one time col- lector of internal revenue for the United States Government, Doctor Yarborough 's early education ivas supervised in private schools, followed by a course in the Raleigh Male Academy, the Uni- versity of North Carolina, and from there he went to Washington, District of Columbia, and was a student in the medical department of Columbian University, now the George Washington. He grad- uated M. D. in 1898 and during 1899 did post- graduate work. In the same year he came to Louisburg and has since been busied with a large general practice. He is president of the Franklin County Medical Society, a former member of the Central State Hospital Board, active in the State Medical Society, and is a former superintendent of the County Board of Health. November 29, 1916, Doctor Yarborough mar- ried Miss Martha Harriett Ballard, of Franklinton, daughter of Benjamin W. Ballard, a well known merchant and cotton factor of Franklinton. Johx Oscar Redding has for a number of years been identified with the industrial interests of Ashboro, especially the manufacturing of furniture. He is a man of splendid ability, and he has earned and well deserves the esteem he enjoys in that community. Mr. Redding was born at Hoover Hill Gold Mines, in Randolph County. His great-grand- father, John Redding, is known to have spent his life in Randolph County. The grandfather, John Redding, was born three miles west of Ashboro in old Redding settlement, and he, too, was a farmer and lifelong resident of the county. He married Diza Steed, who was born three miles west of Ashboro, daughter of Charles Steed. Both the Reddings and Steed families were among the pion- eers of what is now Randolph County. John Stanley Redding, father of John O., was born on a farm seven miles southwest of Ashboro in 1840, grew up there, and when the war broke out entered the service of the Confederacy, being detailed for special work at the salt works near Wilmington. He was there uutil after the war, and then bought the farm upon which his son, John O., was born. He still directs the opera- tions of his fields, and is now a resident of Trinity Township, hale and hearty in his seventy-eighth year. He married Eugenia Andrew, who was reared at Wytherville, Virginia, daughter of Na- than and Anna (Stanton) Andrew. She is also still living, now in her seventy-sixth year. They had a family of five children: Thomas H., John Oscar, Charles W., Ocia and Virginia. Oeia is the wife of Robert L. M. Blair. The early environment of John Oscar Redding was his father's farm and Hoover Hill gold mines. He is a man of education, having supplemented his work in the public schools with a class in Guil- ford College, from which he was graduated in 1898. Besides taking up a business career, he taught for one year in Guilford College. At High Point he was employed for two years by J. Elwood Cox, and then came to Ashboro and has been a rising figure in the woodworking industries of this city. After a year in the general lumber business he organized the Ashboro Chair Company in 1903, and has directed the affairs of that enterprise with competence and success and profit as man- ager ever since. In 1905 Mr. Redding married Blanche Wood. Mrs. Redding is a daughter of William Penn and Henrietta (Gunter) Wood. Her father is now one of the prominent state officials, being auditor of North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Redding have two sons, John 0., Jr., and Penn Wood. Mr. and Mrs. Redding are both active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and he has served on the official board of the church and is superintendent of its Sunday school. For fifteen 396 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA years he has been secretary of the Ashboro School Board, and has always maintained a vigorous in- terest in local affairs. He is affiliated with Bal- four Lodge No. 188, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, with the Knights of Pythias and with Ashboro Council, Junior Order United American Mechanics. Walter B. Covington. Perhaps no one factor has had more to do with the remarkable develop- ment within the past few years of many sections of the county than the good roads movement, and Richmond County, North Carolina, is indisputable proof of its operative value. Looking back but thirteen years, citizens can recall neglected high- ways in every township over which travel was dangerous and hauling practically impossible dur- ing some seasons. These are very apt to be enthusiastic over the change that has been brought about through the earnest, well directed efforts of Walter B. Covington, an expert in road making, who filled office of county superintendent of roads for seven years, and who is also one of the large planters and stockraisers of Richmond County. He resigned his office on the 1st of August, 1918. Walter B. Covington was born in 1869, within three miles of Rockingham, Richmond County, North Carolina, His parents were J. E. and Amanda (McKinzey) Covington, and his grand- parents were W. K. Covington and B. B. McKinzie. The Covington family is one of the oldest and most prolific in this section of the state and is of English origin. Its arrival here from near the Great Peedee River Valley, South Carolina, was about the time of the Revolutionary War, and its members settled within three miles of Rocking- ham, up and down the creek, upon sites now occupied by cotton mills. The family has always been largely agricultural. Walter B. Covington was reared on the home farm and has devoted his life in large part to agricultural industries. His fine plantation, com- prising 500 acres, lies five miles north of Rock- ingham, on the Ellerbe road. In addition to ex- tensive farming he has given much attention to the breeding of fine stock, horses, Jersey cows and Duroc-Jersey and Essex hogs. At present he is interested in experimenting in the hope of develop- ing from the Pereheron and a cross with common work horse a new mixed breed which will possess the strong bone and sinew but will be smaller in size and less clumsy than the full-blooded Per- eheron and has reason to hope that his experiments will be successful. As stated above, Mr. Covington was county superintendent of roads of Richmond County, which section he has made famous over the state for its beautiful and durable sand-clay roads. At the instance of the late Capt. W. I. Everett, of Rockingham, Mr. Covington, in 1905 made a beginning on the present Ellerbe road extending between Eockingham and Ellerbe. Under Captain Everett he learned 'the principles of modern road making, and ever since that time has been con- tinuously engaged in the work. Following the completion of the road mentioned above, Mr. Cov- ington under Captain Everett, built the first road in Mark's Creek Township. He was then employed to make good roads in Stewartsville Township, in the adjoining County of Scotland, upon which he was engaged for seven months, working in asso- ciation with the government civil engineer. Then Richmond County really awakened to the value of his work, offered him a fair salary and urged him to become county superintendent of their road system. When Mr. Covington took charge of this work the county had four mules and one road machine and work had been done on 225 miles of road. The present equipment includes two good chain gang outfits, eighteen head of mules, a traction engine outfit, and in six years he has built 500 miles of road, including the widening of many sections to the standard width of twenty feet. Under his management the road building was carried on with a view of benefiting the most people and preparing for further development in the future. Every town in the county, even the smallest, in any direction from Rockingham, the county seat, is on a good road. This has brought about increased travel, increased sociability and consequent prosperity. Mr. Covington was married to Miss Ida P. Em- merson, who was born in Montgomery County, North Carolina, and they havei the* following children: Alma, Mrs. Hutchison; and Ethel, Chloe, Pratt, Catherine, George, Robert, Walter K., Josephine and Alice. The family belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Covington is interested, as becomes a good citizen, in public affairs and shirks no responsibility. He belongs to two well known fraternal organizations, the Royal Arcanum and the Woodmen of the World. William Hopton Smith, M. D. The work of Doctor Smith as a physician and surgeon has largely been done in his native City of Goldsboro. He has been in active practice nearly ten years, and has become recognized as a man of excep- tional attainment, with the skill of the thorough surgeon, and with that broad wisdom and human understanding which gives a true physician his best power and ability to serve. A member of an old and prominent family of Goldsboro, Doctor Smith was born in that city May 29, 1882, a son of Wiley Hopton and Mary Elizabeth (McArthur) Smith. His father was a well known manufacturer and merchant. Doc- tor Smith was educated in the Goldsboro grammar and high schools, took his literary courses in the University of North Carolina, and then entered the medJcal department of the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1906. For three years he practiced at Bailey, North Carolina, and then after 1% years of further preparation in the Polyclinic Hospital at Phil- adelphia he returned to Goldsboro and has since given his best energies to his large and growing general practice. He is a member of the Wayne County, the Fourth District and the North Caro- lina Medical societies and the American Medical Association. In 1916 he became county physician of Wayne County, his term expiring in 1919. Doctor Smith is a member of the Masonic Or- der, the Woodmen of the World and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and be- longs to the Algonquin Club of Goldsboro. He was married January 5, 1903, to Miss Mary Eliza- beth Pool, daughter of David and Lydia (Mc- Comas) Pool, both of whom are natives of Ohio. They have one child, Mary Elizabeth. William C. Mudgett, M. D. As one of the most noted winter resorts of North Carolina Southern Pines in Moore County has a wealth of advantages such as would not ordinarily be expected of a town of its size. Not least among these is the presence of one of the very able surgeons of the state, who is also chief of staff of a recently established hospital which has brought no little fame to the town and the district surrounding it. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 397 Doctor Mudgett came to North Carolina from the atmosphere of the best schools and from a train- ing and experience that already had made him recognized as one of the capable surgeons of New England. He is of New England birth and an- cestry and was born at Hopkinton, New Hampshire, in 1880. His parents, William E. and Salome (Chase) Mudgett, were also natives of New Hamp- shire and of old families of that state. The mother was descended from Thomas Chase of Williamsport, Massachusetts, one of the three brothers who founded the noted Chase family in America, a name that is intimately interwoven with the history of New England and the nation. Doctor Mudgett was reared at Hopkinton, edu- cated in the public schools and also attended the New Hampton School, one of the best preparatory schools of the New England states. He finished his literary education in Dartmouth College and took his medical courses in Baltimore Medical College and graduated with the class of 1903. Following that he had the special advantages of hospital work at Springfield, Massachusetts. While there his time and services were largely employed in operative surgery. With this equipment Doctor Mudgett came to Southern Pines, North Carolina, in the fall of 1907. He has since been busily and successfully engaged m the practice of his profession. He is primarily a surgeon, though his work calls him into a gen- eral and varied practice. Himself a man of varied attainments, he keeps in close touch with every- thing connected with his professional life and is a helpful leader in the public health movement, sanitation and the general public welfare. From the public standpoint perhaps the most in- teresting phase of his work is as surgeon and head of the staff of the James McCounell Memorial Hospital at Eureka in Moore County. This hos- pital was opened in May, 1917, and Doctor Mud- gett was given the distinction of performing the first operation. Though not a large one, the hos- pital is almost ideal in its location and in its entirely modern equipment and facilities for sur- gical and medical cases. It was built under the auspices of the Sand Hills Board of Trade, pri- marily for carrying out the recommendations of the State Board of Health relating especially to the Sand Hills region, which embraces all of Moore County and sections of adjoining counties. The State Board of Health had made a thorough sur- vey of the children of this district, their congenital and acquired ailments, and their recommendations for the hospital were based upon this survey. As an instance of the good results already accom- plished by the hospital, there were treated suc- cessfully up to October 1, 1917, about 35 per cent of a total of 317 cases of enlarged tonsils and adenoids reported by the board. The hospital is constructed with a central ad- ministration building, witli an extension or wing on each side, after plans approved by the best hos- pital practices. The operating room, under the skylight from the top tloor, is 20 by 20 feet. The equipment and instruments in themselves repre- sent a large investment. Other features of the hospital are an exercising room, a recovery room, a laboratory, a diet kitchen, work kitchen, surgeons and nurses lavatories, lavatories, resident physi- cian 's office and nurses ' bed rooms, four private rooms for patients, two with private baths, while two large bath rooms furnish facilities for the wards. The male and female wards are separate. The hospital has proved so popular that already extensions to its capacity are planned, including an X-ray room. Every Friday a general clinic is held, at which the physicians of the staff give their services free. There is a regular staff of four graduate nurses. Besides the individual cases probably the best work accomplished by the hospital is in diagnosis. Patients are given the most thorough and skillful examination and diagnosis, equal to that available in the largest hospitals, and this work affords a basis and a scientific standard which is bound to result in great improvement in general medical practice and methods throughout the entire dis- trict. Doctor Mudgett is a member of the County and State Medical societies, the Southern Medical Asso- ciation, the American Medical Association and the Clinical Congress of Surgeons. He is an unusually active man in his profession and during his resi- dence has contributed not a little to the local service and facilities by which Southern Pines is judged as a home resort by its large number of winter residents. Doctor Mudgett married Miss Edith Heizmann. Her father, A. A. Heizmann, is a resident of Beading, Pennsylvania, and with his family spent several winters at Southern Pines. Doctor and Mrs. Mudgett have two children, Lucile Heizmann and William Chase. William Gatetvood Shipman has the unique distinction of having built up and developed the only organ manufactory in the South. This great industry, turning out thousands of high class organs every year, instruments of wonderful tone and quality, is located at High Point in Guilford County. It is a great addition to the industrial resources of that city, which already ranks as the foremost furniture manufacturing center in the South and is one of the greatest in America. Mr. Shipman is a Southern man, and was born at Salem, Virginia, a son of A. M. and Willie (Smith) Shipman, the father, deceased but the mother is still living. Both the Shipmans and Gatewoods, the latter in the maternal ancestry, were prominent and old families of Virginia. Mr. Shipman was educated in Roanoke College and his primary purpose was to become a physician. He studied two years for that profession, when owing to failing eyesight he gave up his studies and went West. Locating in Colorado, he was for about fifteen years engaged in business in that state. Leaving that city in 1904, he traveled over various sections of the South in search of an eligi- ble place where he might engage in the manufac- ture of organs. He studied the situation care- fully and thoroughly and in 1905 determined upon High Point. This town had already become noted for its extensive furniture manufacturing plants and possessed many other advantages which Mr. Shipman considered as contributory for an ideal location for his own industry. The manufacture of organs is only in a slight degree allied with furniture making. Thus Mr. Shipman could not count upon drawing from the furniture-making trade for his own industry beyond a certain limited degree. He had to overcome many obstacles and handicaps. There was almost total lack of skilled labor in the South, either in the piano or organ working trades. In the old- time piano and organ concerns of the North and East positions of skilled labor are handed down 398 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA from father to son, and those who hold them are considered a permanent part of the organization. Mr. Shipman thoroughly realized and understood the traditions of the organ-making trade. In order to succeed he felt that he must develop similar conditions in his own factory. By hard and per- sistent work he took in and trained young and ambitious men for the skilled positions, and has gradually been building up an organization which will in time rank with the big factory organiza- tions of the North. Some of the men who were with him at the start are still in the plant, and the idea of permanence has been emphasized and has been to a large degree responsible for the remarkable results. From a labor standpoint the Shipman establishment is an ideal one. There is not the slightest indication of any distinction between ' ' capital and labor. ' ' A high and gen- erous wage scale is maintained, only men of good character are employed, and nearly all of them are home owners and good citizens. There is a spirit of good fellowship and comradeship between em- ployer and employe, though in no sense does it result in slackening of discipline or shop effi- ciency. It was a wise and wholesome policy under- taken at the first and carefully worked out in all its details that has given the Shipman concern its great power and prosperity. The men who make the Shipman organs are greatly attached to Mr. Shipman personally and have shown their regard on numerous occasions. Mr. Shipman himself is a man of remarkable initiative, as needs no further proof than the es- tablishment of an industry unheard of in this state, and has the ability and energy to carry out plans and ideas. The industry he has established promises to be a most gratifying life work for himself and a fine heritage for his children. Any- one might justly take pride in such an industry as he has built up unaided and alone. He had to encounter the competition of the older and larger concerns of the East and North, and while his first thought and purpose was to make instruments of a high quality and reliable workmanship, he has not been less successful in building up and broadening his trade. During the first year of its existence the Shipman Organ Company turned out a very few organs as compared with older industries else- where in the United States. Among all manufac- turers in this country the Shipman Company now stands third in point of output. With a contin- uation of the present growth it is only a question of time when this will rank first. In 1917 the rate of manufacture was six thousand organs per year. In 1911 a disastrous fire almost destroyed the entire plant. It did not discourage Mr. Shipman for a minute, and he began rebuilding within a few days. The new plant has fifty thousand feet of floor space and all modern facilities, equipment and machinery. The Shipman organs are shipped to every state in the South. Until the European war put an end to the export trade large numbers of the instru- ments were sent across the ocean. Perhaps the highest proof of Shipman quality and business efficiency is that this is the only organ factory in the country that has not lessened its output since the beginning of the war. In fact, no business in North Carolina has shown so large a growth in so short a time. The company almost doubled its capacity on two different, occasions, and in 1914 its capital stock was doubled. Mr. Shipman has a beautiful and spacious home in the Quaker Woods section of High Point. Both he and his family take the greatest of pleasure in that home. Mrs. Shipman before her marriage was Miss Hazel Fisher, the daughter of George F. Fisher, a native of North Carolina, but who resided in Chicago for many years, where Mrs. Shipman was born. They are the parents of four children: Elizabeth, Hazel, Marian and Gatewood. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. James Benjamin Cummings has for over thirty years been an active factor in Kinston 's commer- cial life, for fully thirty years in the general merchandise business and more recently he has had the general agency over five counties in Eastern North Carolina for the Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company. He has done much to strengthen that company 's business and standing in this section of the state, and has proved a very able and aggressive business getter. As the fruit of his long and active career he has acquired much property in Kinston, and is one of that city 's most substantial men. Mr. Cummings was born at Kinston, December 11, 1861, a son of James Benpamin and Matilda (Singletary) Cummings. His mother was of the Singletary family of Bladen County. His father was a tailor by trade. Mr. Cummings was educated in the public schools of Kinston, and in his early life he served five and a half years as clerk in a general merchandise store. The proprietor, Mr. Chauncey Gray, then gave him a half interest in the profits of the store and after four years he was able to set up in business for himself. Mr. Cummings is a member of the Masonic Order, the Royal Arcanum, the Mystic Circle, the Woodmen of the World and the Knights of Har- mony. His church home is with the Methodist Episcopal denomination. At the age of twenty-four, on January 14, 1884, he married Miss Fleter Eliza Cox. She was a granddaughter of General James W. Cox, a daughter of James Gabriel Cox of Kinston, and was also a granddaughter of General William A. Pollock, one of North Carolina's noted citizens. Mrs. Cummings died May 10, 1896, leaving four children: Charles Gehrmann, who is a salesman at Newbern, North Carolina ; Irma, Mrs. R. C. Tunsdall, of Kinston; Essie B. ; Olive B., Mrs. Frank Provanga, a lumber dealer at Newbern. On January 20, 1897, Mr. Cummings married Mary Bryan, of Institute, North Carolina. There are also four children by the second marriage: James Benjamin, Jr., who is now a member of Company B of the Second North Carolina Infantry; Henry Bryan; Lloyd Frizzell; and John Wilber. Rev. Arthur Raine Freeman. As priest in charee of St. Mary 's Roman Catholic Church at Goldsboro, Rev. Arthur Raine Freeman occupies a position of great responsibility, his spiritual ministrations covering a parish that includes thirty families and 100 communicants. Many of these have known him from boyhood and with lo- cal pride have watched his progress from studi- ous youth to priestly ministrations. Arthur Raine Freeman was born at Goldsboro, North Carolina, April 29, 1886. His parents are Arthur Baker and Georgia (Raine) Freeman, old residents, his father serving in the office of chief of police. After completing the public school course the youth entered Mount St. Mary 's Col- lege at Emtnitsburg. Maryland, from which old in- stitution he was graduated in 1907 with the de- gree of A. B. and in 1909 that of A. M. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 399 During 1907 and 19U8 Mr. Freeman taught in Mount St. Mary's College, ami during 1909 and 1910 he served as principal of the high school at Pikeville, Wayne County, North Carolina, fol- lowing which for two years he was connected in a business way with the Southern Cotton Oil Company. In 1912 he resumed his studies, enter- ing Belmont Seminary, at Belmont, North Caro- lina, where he continued until 1915, in June of which • year he was ordained to the priesthood and was stationed at St. Mary 's, Goldsboro. Dur- ing his pastorate both the material and spiritual progress of the parish has been marked and his Christian zeal and influence are helpful in every direction. Charles E. Boger. All too infrequently there comes into the world a man modest but intensely in earnest who wrests from his everyday and often depressing surroundings the victory of a notable and noble achievement. As a general rule there are few institutions which present a more forbid- ding appearance, or which are more devoid of all inspiration tor anything ideal or elevating than the reformatories to which are sent the youth of our country who have broken the laws of society and state. It is true that philantropists have occasionally brought their hope, kind words and helpful deeds to bear upon the lives of the in- mates; but for the keeper of these charges to burden himself with the care and moral responsi- bility of those who come under his charge and to endeavor to return them to society with softened natures and worthy ambitions, is something so uncommon as to be remarkable. And in this con- nection it is apropos to speak of Charles E. Boger, and of the Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School at Concord, North Carolina, of which he is the superintendent. In him the old ideas of grim, unresponsive, cold- hearted and cold-blooded treatment are revolu- tionized. So well blended are the ideas of home and school, l>oth tempered and softened by the influence of church and Sunday school, the visitor gets the impression of one big home where in- stant obedience is required and cheerfully given. Although he has always been a strict disciplinarian, he has from the first treated his charges as youths never beyond the pale of good influences, and has made the institution of which he is the head an unique and far-reaching influence for good, the purposes of which are destined to be put into operation by similar schools elsewhere. Charles E. Boger was born at the Boger home place, in Township No. 10, about eight miles south- east of Concord, Cabarrus County, North Carolina, his parents being Daniel and Nannie Estelle (X'rowell) Boger, both members of very old fami- lies of Cabarrus County, his father of German descent and his mother of English stock. The Crowell name was originally spelled Cromwell, and Mr. Boger 's mother was directly descended from that famous English family. The Bogers are of the German families who came from Pennsylvania to North Carolina prior to the war of the Revolu- tion and settled in Cabarrus County. Mr. Boger 's mother is deceased, but his father, who has been by occupation a lifelong agriculturist, is still living. He served throughout the war between the states in the Confederate army from Cabarrus County, being lieutenant of his company in the Seventh North Carolina Regiment of Infantry, in Lane 's Brigade. Charles E. Boger was born and reared on the farm. He attended a private school in his home district, and then spent several years as a student in the famous Unionville Academy in Union County, which at the time of his attendance was taught by that distinguished instructor, Prof. O. C. Hamilton, who had been the teacher of some of the most prominent characters of North Carolina and the nation, an unusual teacher and character- builder under whom Mr. Boger made excellent progress and developed numerous inherent traits. Mr. Boger was also a student at the North Caro- lina College at Mount Pleasant, and since taking up teaching as a profession has taken several courses of work at the University of North Caro- lina, being a splendidly educated and thoroughly equipped school man. He was a teacher and prin- cipal of public schools for four or five years in Cabarrus County, and at Mount Holly in Gaston County, and before being appointed to his present position was for thirteen years, by successive elec- tions, county superintendent of schools of Cabarrus County. In 1914 he was made superintendent of the Stonewall Jackson Training and Industrial School, a state institution, located three miles from Concord. This institution is such a truly remarkable one that a short history of its work and a resume of its accomplishments will undoubtedly prove in- teresting. Much of this is secured from the first biennial report of the superintendent, which was issued for the biennium ending November 30, 1915. After a full and thorough discussion of the ques- tion, the needs for such an institution having been presented by the King's Daughters, by ministers of the Gospel and by various educational and charity workers, the North Carolina General As- sembly of 1907 chartered the Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School for way- ward and unfortunate white boys. An appro- priation of $10,000 was made for the beginning of the work, and the responsibility of inaugurating this new educational undertaking was placed in the hands of fifteen people, four named in the charter and eleven by the governor upon nomina- tions and suggestions of the charter members. Through the big heartedness and generosity of the people of Concord the state became the possessor of nearly 300 acres of land, property which was valued at more than $10,000. This is situated on the Southern Railway, two miles south of Con- cord, its elevation being 780 feet above sea level, the building site thus being ideal and overlooking a. territory the radius of which is seventeen miles. Here is located a splendid rock quarry, from which the railroad in the past has secured an immense amount of ballast, and the place has running streams, good pastures and numerous large level fields which under kind treatment and intelligent tilling have proved invaluable in the conduct of the school. The construction of the buildings began January 1. 1908, and during the year that followed the first superintendent, Mr. Walter Thompson, and his associates struggled untiringly in overcoming great obstacles, so that by January 12, 1909. the institu- tion was ready to open and on that date received its first pupil. As is true in the case of any new- institution, there were many impositions practiced upon the institution before order and regularity, such as now exist, could be obtained. But the men and women connected with the school labored unceasingly, and their reward came in the way 400 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA of a well-nigh perfect organization which began to accomplish the work for which it had been intended by its founders. Part of the work came in the shape of informing the judiciary of the state what the real purpose and hope of the in- stitution were, so that the judges might send to the school only those for whom there was hope of reclamation. That this reclamation has been truly marvelous is shown in the gratifying figures that mark the percentage of the youths who have lived manly clean and straightforward lives since leaving the institution 's care. On a beautiful campus, facing the National Highway, are to be found four cottages, an ad- ministration building, a chapel, an industrial build- ing, a barn, a greenhouse and several outbuildings. Each cottage has been built to accommodate thirty boys and an officer. The cottages are of brick, three stories in height, with large, well-lighted at- tics, and the whole covered with slate. The cot- tages are 52 by 52 feet, and the first floors are divided into storage, recreation and toilet rooms, shower baths, personal wardrobes, etc.; the second floors, fronted by an attractive porch, contain kitchen, dining room, officer's room, small hall and stairway for exclusive use of officer and matron, the general stairway, enclosed in brick, being a part of the building. The third floor contains thirty white-enameled beds, and the room has ten large windows and transoms and is open on three sides to the outside world. The administra- tion building is a beautiful two-story red brick building, standing on a rolling eminence that over- looks all the grounds and fields of the institution and from it can be seen all the buildings of the school. In this building are located the administra- tive offices, the director 's room, the student recep- tion room, visitor 's reception room, superintend- ent 's home quarters and a number of other rooms, given over to certain helpers in the institution and for other purposes in carrying out the plans and problems connected with the conservation of youth. The Industrial Building, which was the voluntary and generous gift of Mr. and Mrs. G. T. Both of Elkin, North Carolina, who built it as a loving memorial to their mothers, contains the printing office, where the boys are instructed in the art of the printer's trade; the woodshop, where cabi- net making and practical carpentry are taught by practical experience; and two schoolrooms, in which one-half of the boys receive instruction at a time. The barn is probably the most modernly equipped in that district of North Carolina, its arrangement, and the manner of its construction, making it a most splendid building of its kind. This barn was made possible by the donation of $1,000 by Mr. and Mrs. William N. Reynolds, of Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The chapel was the gift of the North Carolina branch of the United King's Daughters, and is built of beautiful Rowan granite, being located on a knoll of like material just across the National Highway and facing the other buildings of the institution. In its service the institution has become of state- wide importance. It has grown gradually, but its student body now represents counties from every section of the commonwealth. The Stonewall Jack- son Manual Training and Industrial School is not a prison, it is, as its name designates, an industrial school where the students may learn the dignity and value of honest labor, and where the honor system is practiced in the highest degree. It is not within the province of this article to give in full the description of the various departments. Suffice it to say that all are practical, well managed and largely self-supporting. The printing office is one of the big assets, the woodshop annually turns out a large amount of salable product, the farm has increased its productiveness yearly and the garden has proven the source from which have come great amounts of fresh vegetables. The plant is lighted throughout with electricity, an excellent well fur- nishes pure and healthful water, numerous societies furnish pleasure and instruction for the pupils, as do also all kinds of athletics, and the Sunday school is one of the best to be found in Cabarrus County. The Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School does not receive boys who have reached their sixteenth birthday, and no boy can be entered except he be committed by some of- ficer of the law for violation of some criminal law. There is no equipment whatever for the treatment of any save the intellectually normal boys and there is therefore no place for the mental de- fective. The school tries to encourage its pupils to lead clean lives, mentally, morally and physically, to form correct habits, to keep their word, to be obedient and industrious, to train their minds, to learn trades, to obey God and to be men. The success of the institution under Superin- tendent Boger's administration may be adjudged in part by the letters which come from paroled boys and their parents, speaking of their hap- pier, cleaner lives, of their awakening to a true sense of living, and to the affection which they hold for him. The writer has before him a num- ber of these letters, and they are at the same time pathetic and inspiring. Mr. Boger has im- pressed upon his officers, all of whom are first class men, several being graduates of leading colleges and high schools, the necessity of implanting the idea in the minds of their charges that the of- ficers are not their natural enemies, but rather their friends called upon officially to perform cer- tain necessary duties. Many citizens are little more than aware that this institution exists, and yet among the various reformatories and schools whose object is to restrain and soften the evil of human nature before it can expend its violence on society, none have more far-reaching effects when properly administered than the one now under tile superintendence of Mr. Boger. In his responsible position he has fitted into his proper sphere, and the great good which he will yet accomplish is in- calculable. Mr. Boger married Miss Elise Barnhardt, of Pioneer Mills, Cabarrus County, North Carolina, daughter of Hon. John A. Barnhardt, state senator from Cabarrus County, and a prominent farmer and retired merchant of the southern part of the county. He is a son of the late Colonel Barnhardt who founded the large mercantile and other in- terests at Pioneer Mills. Mr. and Mrs. Boger have two children: Sarah Estelle and Charles Edgar, Jr.