1 L H. BARON Unrig ami H ■ .t„ '■I. CHATSW0R1) OAI), LONDON, ««!, INLAND fBrstllch-Starhemberg'scJie * Hien Bibliothek $ vg£ Herding. * i V ^ J&*&(0> <9m/zuA to rae WITH and r ^'//u/Mr//y /m mmum^u <$>. is D Sharp, E has no Sharp, the next ahove Fis F Sharp, ahove G, G Sharp, ahove A, A Sharp, B has no Sharp , the hlack Key to the left or helow D,is D Flat , helow E,is E Flat , F has no Flat helow G,G Flat , helow A, A Flat, B, B Flat, C has no Flat . Hence it appears that the fame Keys are made use of hoth for Flats and Sharps, in the different filiations, those ahove the natural Notes heing Sharps, those helow them Flats . Having fully exercised yourself in the Names of all the Kevs on-the Instrument, we next proceed to learn the Notes on the Paper those that have this mark /fj or Cliff at the he are called the Trehle, and are to he play'd with the right hand . "9 beginning Example . F4- ^J J j '~r^ rfffH C DEFGA B C D E FGA BCDEF Those Notes with this Mark 0" at the heginning are to he play'd with the left, that heing the Mark of the Bafs Cliff . $ 1 1 1 1 i i j j j J J r fe£ FGABCDEFGABCDEFGAB C These Notes must all he learnt hy heart that when they are met with in any piece of Music they may readily he known again and their Names afcertamd . Ohserve that the lowest Note in the first Example is to he found exactly in the middle of the Instrument, is therefore called middle C, being the highest Note in the Bafs, and the lowest in the Trehle, and hy reckoning from this Note you may easily find the rittiati.m of all the rest % Fur the convenience of those -whose memories are weak and cannot easily acquire the Note? I have fubjoin'd the following Table, to he learnt by Heart by the Scholar federating the lint .< from the Spaces that they cannot be well miftaken . Treble Notes g -^b m D 1 L SXi.a — above £ 1L* 3l £ above]"" ahovei~ 1 L tele -3i 1 L i nc - -*tL^ E G ^frr-S- M - *'*'{ /hnvef ^"^ 3.S._£ all o Ve~ m 3i i iace elowS -3^-& f +rS, 8.S.! "Bel Bafs Notes ^i: -&fc ~E IX £ ■4rt, ^ above I I ■ ~ Z. jjj iS Si =£C -f- . Line J G -©- xr helow 3£ %-s-it azfe I az& £-S- &■?>• a ^ ■ J Up nW t -i _• -B- 1 Space^ below ^r 2.S. „ below 3.s. ir below 4.S.1T- below . The Bafs fometimes extends itself upwards into the Treble and the Treble downwards into the Bafs in which case they may he said to horrow from each other, in the following Ex: =ample the Notes of both are fynonymous . The Trehle defcending into the Bafs P C B A G ^Wf W £ ~C B A - T? C p E F The Bafs afcending into the H^ ing ^ ' m + Treble l ^T I J EfE C D E — F- It is on this account that another Cliff called the Tenor Cliff is occasionally used in order to keep within the compafs of the five Lines; it is markd thus — si or thus 3HE& isplac'd fometimes on the first Line fometimesthe third or fourth and where evcritftands that Note is called t-C • Before we proceed further in the Theory it will he necefsary to exercife the Scholar in the practi- cal knowledge of what has "been faid already, for which purpose without looking further He may pick out the Notes hoth Trehle and Bafs of two or three Airs that are moft familiar which will relieve the mind and awaken attention to the more obstruse parts of the Science . NB : This Mark O fignifies the Thumb, 1 the if 1 Finger, 8 the Second, *c . &c . Of Tlats and Sharps &c. A Sharp is mark'd thus $ and if placed at the beginning of a Piece denotes that all the Notes on that Line or Space (with their Corresponding Octaves^ are to he half a Tone higher thro -1 the whole Piece, Ifplacd in the middle of a Tune it is confin'd to that Bar only in whith St ftands . A FL'tb fignifies that the Note on that Line or Space fhould he half a Tone lower fubject to the reftrictions as the foregoing • A Natural S] is merely meant to restore those Notes that were before Sharp or Flat to their Natural State. AfingleBarl ferves to divide the measure and a double Bar || is the conclusion of each part . A Repeat is markd thus X. or thus .^< and means that fuch part of the Tune must go over again, fometiipes it is join d to the douhle Bar j|. -which means the fame thing . A Slur thus '^fignifies that the Notes over -which it is placed fhou'd he join'd together as much as pofsihle which can only he done hy keeping the finger on the Key till the next is ready . If put over two Notes of the fame line orfpacC it ought to he held out the full time of hoth Notes, without heing ftruck again . Staccato Notes thiTrf f or thus f f are oppos'd to the foregoing heing exceeding fhort and pointed hut care must he taken after ftrilcing the Note to ftay out the full time as in these kind of Pafsages the Ear is apt to he deceiv'd and hurry on . A Pause O 1 over a Note generally mea-ns a full Stop , there are different kinds of Pauses (tho'hy an unacountahle defect^ hut one way of marking them fometimes it is meant to he fhort and fudden,fometimes foftly fustain'd and to die away upon the Ear, at other times a gentle Cantahile or extempore flourish is proper, hut these diftinctions cannot he acquired hut hy long practice and experience . A Shake A* is p erf orm'd thus f I £ ~ he careful! to play the Notes equally and never finish a Shakewifhout making a return from the Note helow as no Shake can he complete without it . A Turn or S is played thus he cautious to hegin and end on the Note -e/>- hy heginning on the Note helow i There are two forts of Measure or Time viz, Common Time and Triple Time, Common Time con= sfists of an equal numherof Notes in a Bar, fuch as 2 Minims, 4 Crotchets, 8 Quavers &c . the usual Marks are thus(j consisting of 1 Semibreve &c . in a Bar, which is flow . thus ( j fomewhat quicker 4 or 2 Crotchets in a Bar, which is quick or flow, according to the Italian Terms commonly inserted at the heginning of a Piece, for an explanation of which fee the Dictionary at the end of this Book . Triple Time consists of 3. 6 . 12 . Arc . Notes in a Bar and is mark'd thus | or three Minims in a Bar, to he played flow % or 3 Crotchets fomewhat faster this is likes =wife called Minuet time, | or three Quavers very quick, hut all depend on the Characters mark'd at the heginning . There are two other fprts of Measure which heing a mixture of hoth Times are called Compound Common Time , and Compound Triple Time . Compound Common Time is mark'd thus !® or Twelve Crotchets in a Bar, '| or twelve Quavers f or Six Crotchets , 8 or Six Quavers, Compound Triple Time has these Characters, 4 or Nine Crotchets in a Bar, g or Nine Quavers, The Numhers and Proportions of all different Times may he found hy inspecting the following Example . Common Time Example Triple Time wimimm ii«i^ ij ipit- a line Compound Common Time P m 1 1 ■ n * g • q • i i /g J. J.J r-j^f fi,, !. J.it Sg 1 rrrr rrrrrrrr"^m[£fL£r^i^""r^[i.r Compound Triple Time $ ^ S J.J.J 4 rrrrrr r r r^ ^ LL Tiui r llt - \u Apogiatura or diminutive Note placed, before a large one thus P°'^ fufpends or borrows half of it , So that a Minim with a fmall Crotchet before. it is play'd -4 like two Crotchets - »□ playM thus P- m and fo in the fame proportion of all the other Notes . 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J ■ '? - l -° jg| | 1 j 2 , | 12 3 12312 Q34 Major Chords 4444 %9 C. < ° ° °r ° r.l p o « o or o y- G *tffTf i 1 1 1 1 f e#^ ff||S|jjfo^ ^^ m. i . : p r SE f ^mi-ffinT^r^ g j^ JiJ j l 5 l| Ul il JiJ^||fflhjjj S , "N Elf. . O „ . < AV. CJ flr^r r r j 1 1 11 His 1 r r § 1 1 ■ ■ 11 pi \ J f p j XX Minor Chords ~l'vijj^ii |fflyi^ B 1 ft j J j g 1 , . II l^fU-^' ll H j J r r j I g I F. C. | M=Ujfedbi g^^ a H - i -» P r 33: a ! r r r J -&- 24 To point out the Different Degrees of Movements The Following Terms are made use oF. I Degree Moaerato ------------- Moderate Allegretto - ----------- Rather faft Allegro Maestoso - - - - (S&^ Un ppc6 Vivace .- .1 - : h L .- -------- a little lively Allegro manontanto Presto - - - - lively but not too quick Allegro un poCO. - ._ — \ a little Quick 'II Degree Allegro . ------ :r----_ BTifk Allegro Afsal -• - - _ _ - Quicker than Allegro Vivace, 5 cher zando OTBrillante - - - lively or merrily poCO Presto --------- ------a little Faft Allegro Con Spirito _ - - - - '- .-'--_ with Syirit Allegro con Brio -- ___ - -- ----- with SpHghtiinefs „ III Decree Presto _ -------- t ■ - - - - Fait PrestiFsimo - - - - -_ - - ----- - -■_ very Faft Allegro di Molto ------ ------- verj* brifk ^ - - . r TV Degree Andante ) 3 Andantino C - - ------------ slowly L ar ghetto f ^ -, ... V Degree Cantablle - _-_----_--_-- In a Sinking Style GrazioSO ----------- .: - - - Graceful a r „• , -VI. Degree Adagio ) T . >-_ ----- __ - __..,-_ Slow and Expreffive poco -Lento I T f v VH Degree Largo ) ° Lento J"" very Slow a r ^- * p • a vni Degree Adagio AFsai Adagio di Molto C -- ----- - - - . very Slow and Solemn Largo AFsai V Allegro I t; l 3 l + + 1 g i + 2 *<2 J + i a 4 3 £ ,< 4 fjggjllgii 1 1 i | j ^ff^j-^^. 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