ts et BR na Es : 5 esa: ; ; 3c tte - oes : ‘, . o> Ses - ‘ b ¥ Bs aetet geste ae i : ayes ejay ee oe $y : : : : inter ee Hey $4 gag ‘53; : ae . Woke. shee} se Spates hs or re , este j yey gta ey fhe Librarp of the Ciniversity of Worth Carolina Collection of Morth Caroliniana C236 ayer To This book must not be taken from the Library building. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2021 with funding from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill https://archive.org/details/inroyalservicemi00heck 1. Mrs. Henrietta Shuck 4. Miss Annie J. Maberry 2. Mrs. W.B. Bagby 5. Mrs. Geo. Boardman Taylor 3. Mrs. Matthew T. Yates 6. Mrs. T. P. Crawford 7. Mrs. Mary Caufield Reid lw ROYAL fee KR V IC EK THE MISSION WORK OF SOUTHERN BAPTIST WOMEN BY FANNIE E. S. HECK **v“y GOD SHALL SUPPLY ALL YOUR NEED ACCORDING TO HIS RICHES IN GLORY BY CHRIST JESUS.”’ Published by Educational Department Foreign Mission Board, Southern Baptist Convention Richmond, Va., 1913 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to acknowledge the kindness of the friends who have lent old books and pamphlets, and given facts concerning their missionary relatives and friends. Copyright, 1913 Foreign Mission Board Southern Baptist Convention Composition, Printing and Binding By L. H. Jenkins, Book Manufacturer. Richmond, Va. PSGeed TO THE WOMAN’S MISSIONARY UNION OF THE SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION AND THE WOMAN’S MISSIONARY UNIONS IN FOREIGN LANDS WHICH ARE SPRINGING UP UNDER THE FOSTERING CARE OF THE WOMEN WHO HAVE GONE OUT FROM AMONG US THIS BOOK IS LOVINGLY DEDICATED FOR EO We Or Re 7 Vhough “The Gentle Reader,” “My Studious Companion” and “My Youthful Friend,” once the kindly forms without whom no writer dared the perils of a journey through fact, fancy or printer’s ink, have long since sunk into literary obli- vion, the present Author makes bold to call them forth. For them this pathway, along the Union’s years, has been prepared. The story meanders by this ever-widening stream of Mission endeavor, down whose bank “The Gentle Reader” is invited to walk leisurely, pausing to view some opening vista or gather a flower of mission thought. “My Youthful Friend” is asked, no less cordially, to pursue certain daisy-bordered stretches, while “My Studious Companion,” who, it is hoped, will pass this way in many a study group, numerous guide-posts have been placed in paragraph headings. If “The Gentle Reader” is inclined to think these | Wway-marks mar the journey, or “My Youthful Friend” views doubtfully a road which, at first glance, appears so hard as to need continual sign- posts, let them disregard them and remember the mile-stones passed only as one recalls the hours of a happy day. The purpose of the way will be served if all who follow it, whether with the slow step of age, the student’s steady tread, the leisurely feet of the gen- eral reader, or the tripping run of youth, shall deter- mine still further to pursue, in thought and en- deavor, the pathway of missions. CONTENTS Chapter. Page. I. The Mission Dawn—1800-1845.... 7 II. In the Shadow—1845-1888........ 72 III. The Brightening Day—1888-1898.. 125 IV. Noontide—1898-1913 ............. 172 Mramormers torr Light iy fon vk ie: 226 Weremrtrae ttarvest: Hieldi tlc eal. 298 Appendix A. Women Missionaries of the S. B. C. 362 Prone IID HOOLADAY: 26 .c0 5 uit eels eagere (et eae © 370 Appendix C. Organizations of the S. B. C...... 371 Appendix D. Partial List of Southern Baptist Missionary Societies Organized Betore 1842 ris OP ees ate Appendix E. Cash and Box Contributions for 6) Sle hehe Tele) ale tee © (@ (0) (6) 6) 0.6) 6.) (eee Oy 2,101) 0 26 6 Oe Oe PS , ae ee iM , | re" 4 ae y 7 ub tale y fs (Ab ie EGY MOLARS. Ao yy 8) , yi Jes ni Mats! se Thy he a, i ae ae t POA ae i ; ” ‘ ‘ ai) \y i t j 1 re) i- hel Le ASU?! Tes ace ant 3, ae np ' nO +h ' i h j in if Awe fh) , fi Al rv ' , J aH, Vv, \ Pi ee ih aru fee j : IN ROYAL SERVICE THE MISSION WORK OF SOUTHERN BAPTIST WOMEN CHAPTER I. THE MISSION DAWN. 1800—1845. To understand the plant we must know the soil out of which it sprang. To understand the present mission work of South- ern Baptist women through the Woman’s Mission- ary Union, we must not only trace its roots back into the first days of the last century, but examine the social soil out of which it grew and by which it is still nourished. Come back, therefore, to 1830, and listen to the happy voice of a typical Southern girl of seventeen as she sings in light, sweet cadence, the simple song learned in her childhood— “T thank the goodness and the grace Which on my birth did smile And made me in this Christian land A free and happy child.” 8 IN ROYAL SERVICE Of course she was a Christian child, and, like the air she breathed, all that came in the train of that fact was taken as a matter of course. Of course her parents loved her; of course her brothers would protect her; of course any man would fight and, if need be, die to defend any girl or woman; of course when she grew up and married she would be loved, honored and cherished, and reign as the acknowl- _ edged queen of her husband’s household. To be a girl was to have the best. of everything; to be the pet whose beauty was admired, whose ac- complishments were extolled, whose favor was sought. ‘To be a woman, and thoughtless as was the girl, a flitting shadow came over her fair face— to be a woman was to be the mistress of a large household, rising early; directing every detail of a family of many members and many servants; to be mother to her own large flock; model, guide, physician, provider, teacher, priestess to the slaves on the plantation or around the big city home. Though full of care, she would always be protected and admired; shielded from all rough winds of business, all contact with any but those chosen for her friends, her father, brothers, husband standing between her and the big world of which she must know only the beauty and to whose rude side she must be blind. Such, she had been taught, was the birth-right of Southern women, and she sang gaily, content with all the world. PN ORO VIAL PS HR VICE 9 A Finished Education.— Already though but seventeen she was quite old enough to be thinking of marriage. Indeed her older sister had been mar- ried on her seventeenth birthday and her mother a little earlier still. Her own school days had been over for a year and her last elaborate achievements in cross-stitch embroidery, her delicate water- colored drawings, her music on the open harpsi- chord in the big parlor, with its high ceiling and long white curtains, testified that she had “finished her education.” Besides she knew a little French, a little mathematics, wrote a clear, beautiful “hand,” read Scott’s novels and was a really advanced scholar. What was left for a girl of 1830 to desire? The Outer World.—The world at large played little part in her thinking. England was the mother country, but a mother who, though she was to be emulated in manners and learning, had shown her- self capable of angry injustice and maintained an attitude of contemptuous superiority to a rebellious and unforgiven child. France had disappointed the hopes of the lovers of liberty and was unstable and untrustworthy. Italy was a nest of small contend- ing kingdoms, in which black-browed bandits made it dangerous to travel. Germany was also but an assemblage of small states which gave small prom- ise of world power. ‘The rest of Europe was just map, with little meaning but a name. Asia stood for India and China, of which a fan of sandalwood and a bit of eggshell china, brought home by a 10 IN ROYAL SERVICE sailor ancestor, opened vague thoughts of romantic adventures. Africa was all that was dark and for- bidding. From it the ancestors of the kindly, fa- miliar slaves had come as naked savages. She was glad they had found this kindlier land, where they lived in peace and had been taught of God. The Little World of Home.—Thus she thought carelessly of this outer world. Why should she con- cern herself more deeply about it? The stage roads, which were the only lines linking her to the world beyond her neighborhood, were poor and often well- nigh impassable. It was a month or more from Mo- bile to New York. Each letter, folded and sealed with red wafers, bearing a motto of love or busi- ness, cost twenty-five cents. Who needed the out- side world, anyway? ‘The cotton was raised and woven on the place into the white cloth for her own under garments, into which she put many beautiful stitches. Dyed with serviceable colors, the same cotton clothed the negroes. The plantation shoe- maker shod these black dependents for the short winter. The plantation carpenters built their houses. From the big garden and orchard came the fresh | vegetables and fruits of summer and the “preserves” which were the household pride in winter. Every- thing but money was plentiful. Her father was land and slave poor. An occasional silk dress and the yearly books from England were the principal contribution of the world beyond New Orleans, Charleston, Richmond, and Baltimore. Country IN ROYAL SERVICE 11 life was the life; towns were only for gay winter visits, shopping or political life. Such were the easy thoughts of the planter’s daughter in the early days of the last century. She did not represent the whole south, though the broad acres of her father and the fathers of other girls like herself covered the greater part of sixteen states. There were many other smaller holdings, which held sturdy, inde- pendent, highly respected families whose strength and prosperity went to make up the wealth of the land. Though not so rich or so dominant as the large planters, their ideals of life did not differ. Politics were of absorbing interest. Lawyers were most highly esteemed as the most probable can- didates for future office. Clinging to the fringes of the land were the very poor white people owning a few sterile acres, unlettered, poorly housed and clad, but of English stock and traditions. Planters, lawyers, doctors, politicians, merchants, preachers, teachers, poor white people, and slaves were the concomitant parts of an era which has passed, but from which remains much golden fruitage of high ideals, true chivalry, respect for knowledge, Chris- tian standards, gentleness, honor and truth. What of Baptists in those days? The Lash of Persecution—The Virginia charter of April 10, 1606, made withdrawal from the Estab- lished or Episcopal Church a crime equal to revolt against the government. But a short time elapsed after the settlement of Jamestown, a year later, be- 12 IN ROYAL SERVICE fore it was proved that this was no dead letter. Fierce as were the battles to be fought with savage foes, time was found to drive dissenters from the colony again and again. As the years went on, the lash of persecution fell on none more heavily than the Baptists. “Baptist ministers were fined, pelted, beaten, imprisoned, poisoned and hunted with dogs; their congregations were assaulted and dispersed.” For more than a century and a half these persecu- tions continued, now bursting out with great fury, again confined to fines, disabilities or forced col- lections for the support of the clergyman of the Established Church. A Rusty Key.—In Richmond College museum lies a rusty key which turned complainingly in the lock of Culpeper jail, as its doors closed on John Leland; It ‘could; not ‘Shut in)ithe) spirit) of) the preacher, who addressed the letters from his cell, “From my palace.” He knew the cause from which he suffered must triumph. Grated Pulpits—Leland was one of many. As every school boy knows the suffering of Roger Williams, so should he know those of John Craig, John Waller, and James Childs. These men and many other Baptist preachers were imprisoned again and again. The jails of Orange, Culpeper, Fauquier, Loudoun, Chesterfield, and many other. counties became their resting places. Stamping out “heresy” only scattered the fire. ‘The jails became their pulpits—crowds gathered daily to hear them IN ROYAL SERVICE 13 preach from the grated windows, and their sermons had far greater effect than if preached from an ordi- nary rostrum. It was a scene to remember. The jailed preacher ; the eager audience looking up, peer- ing eagerly into the half-darkness to catch the glimpse of an earnest face. Men fell to the ground groaning, crying, “What shall we do to be saved?” Scores and fifties, reported one who stood frequently to listen to the imprisoned preachers, “were often at the same time similarly effected.” A Transplanted Church.—Though not exempt from fines and disabilities, the Baptists of South Carolina were more fortunate. No church in America has had a more romantic or fascinating his- tory than the First Church of Charleston. On a September day in 1682 a company of mes- sengers from Boston, who had come on invitations from the First Baptist Church of that pious but persecuting town, were in Kittery, Me. Their mis- sion was to organize a group of believers into a Baptist Church. We may well believe that both the messengers from the older church, whose life since its organization eighteen years earlier had been marked by constant persecution, and the mem- bers of the new church realized the fiery trials which awaited the new organization. Nor were they mistaken. The year had not drawn to a close before they were driven from the colony. Their hearts clung to their homes carved from the wilderness. ‘They had only to renounce their 14 IN ROYAL SERVICE doctrines and remain. To be true to them meant a new struggle with winds and waves, forest and savage. They made their decision. Nothing daunted, the whole church, under its pastor, William Screvan, decided to seek a new home. It is easy to picture them, “Driving in pondrous wains their household goods to the seashore, Pausing and looking back to gaze once more at their dwellings Ere they were shut from sight by the winding road and the woodland. Close to their sides their children ran and urged on the oxen, While in their little hands they clasped some frag- ment of playthings.” The New Home.—The good ship sailed south. As she cut the blue waves many a godly song of hope and many a fervent prayer for guidance doubt- less broke the stillness of the vast horizon on which no sail but hers appeared. Down past the mouth of the Hudson, past the Chesapeake Bay, daring the deadly, unlighted Cape Hatteras, they sailed, having as their haven the newly settled colony of South Carolina, which offered liberty of conscience to all but Papists. Here they at length landed late in 1682 or early in 1683, near the present site of Charleston. In this generous and beautiful land, they built their new homes and grew and prospered. Later, as the col- PROV SERV LICK 15 ony grew, drawing from England and other colonies where persecution was rife, many dissenters, the Church was moved to Charleston. Soon it became a part of the city’s life, and for more than 225 years has been an important contributor to its intellectual, commercial, social and spiritual development. The part it played in leading Baptists in missions is a long and honorable story, which will be touched on again as we go down the history of the years. Reaching Out.—As was the case with the early Baptists everywhere, the transplanted church was interested in the other man. Nor were they content to preach only to the colonists. Their pastor, Wil- liam Screvan, leading by precept and example, pressed the claims of the Indians upon them, and they began work for their bronze neighbors. How far-spread were their efforts and how wide the re- sults can be gathered from missionaries sent to Carolina by the English Society for the Propaga- tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, who wrote in 1707, “Wherever we go, the Baptists are before us.” While the Baptists were winning their way and leading other dissenters in the long fight for re- ligious liberty, a new religious force came to their assistance. A Revival a Thousand Miles Long.—On a mem- orable September day in 1740, George Whitfield landed in Rhode Island, made free by the sufferings and wisdom of Roger Williams and John Clark. From this beginning his evangelistic tours extended 16 IN ROYAL SERVICE from New Hampshire to Georgia. ‘The fire he kindled spread up and down through the colonies which lay like a broad, green, cultivated ribbon from the lapping blue waves of the Atlantic to the foot- hills of the mountains. The great mass of con- verts in this thousand miles of revival, which touched all classes, formed themselves into Method- ist Churches under the new “discipline,” or found congenial homes in Baptist Churches. The revival waves ran far back to remote hamlets, carried by the forerunner of the circuit rider or the Baptist evangelist. The colonist pushing the frontier ever far inland had thought he had scant time for re- ligion. Now the church of his own planting and his own choice became the business and the solemn pleasure of his life. Drawing Together.—The isolated churches now began to draw together in associations, first for mu- tual counsel, and later for propagation. The Phila- delphia Association, first a conference of churches in New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, took definite shape in 1707 and grew to immense propor- tions. In quick succession came the Charleston Association in 1751, the Sandy Creek (1758), com- posed of churches in North Carolina and Virginia, and the famous Kehukee Association (1765) also formed of churches in these two States. Others followed, and the organized missionary work of Baptists was definitely begun. Their concern was first to draw together the weak and scattered IN ROYAL SERVICE 17 churches, but soon they began to send out mission- aries who traveled from point to point gathering congregations and planting churches wherever they found opportunity. A Unique Association.—State lines were not re- garded by these associations, and as yet no state convention had been contemplated. One state-wide body, however, rose from such unique beginnings that it must be mentioned. This was the Baptist Gen- eral Association of Virginia. As it became evident that a struggle between England and the colonies was approaching, the Established Church and order sought to check it by renewing their persecutions of the dissenters—their severity, as usual, falling heavi- est on the Baptists. It was then that the prisons most frequently held Baptist ministers, whose — well known opposition to union of church and state made them most formidable. How could the churches best protect themselves and make their weight tell most to bring about the religious free- dom for which they had so long suffered? In May, 1771, they answered this question by forming the General Association of Virginia. ‘To follow its pe- titions to the State Convention, one must read deep and long in the annals of Virginia history. “Their patriotism was of the fighting brand. They assured the Convention in 1775 that their ministers ‘would encourage the young men of their churches to en- ter the army for military resistance’ to Great Britain in her unjust invasions, tyrannical oppression and 18 IN ROYAL SERVICE ‘repeated hostilities.’ Their ministers asked per- mission to serve as chaplains in the army. The Baptists to a man were in favor of revolution.” This, however, was but part of their address. The other was a plea for religious liberty, saying, “That all religious denominations should be free, and that to all alike the protection of the government should extend.” A Last Restriction.—Again and again were peti- tions renewed, Jefferson and Madison standing for the cause of freedom and giving the petitioners coun- sel and help. One by one concessions were made, and in 1780, the darkest hour of the revolution, the fight for liberty of conscience was almost won. As a last concession, dissenting ministers were allowed to celebrate the rites of marriage, all previous mar- riages by them being declared legal and valid. Yet some restrictions were made to their rights, one of which was that for the celebration of a marriage they were allowed a wedding fee of twenty-five pounds of tobacco and no more. The First Amendment.—Liberty won in Virginia, their vigilance did not cease. The constitution of the United States, as it was first adopted, did not seem to them clear enough upon the point of re- ligious freedom. The famous John Leland, who years ago had left his “palace” in Culpeper, was ap- pointed head of a committee to correspond with Baptists in other states and to address a petition to President Washington. The President, in reply, IN ROYAL SERVICE 19 while he said he thought the present statement suf- ficient, assured them of “his readiness to co-operate with them in attaining such further security as might satisfy them.” ‘The amendment was made and is the religious liberty clause of our constitu- tion as it stands today. Thus was brought about the first amendment to the constitution of the United States. Peace and Prosperity.—To the persecuted Bap- tists of Virginia and the other colonies now came peace. Prosperity followed. Their patriotism had won them a high place in the hearts of liberty loving people. Their number rapidly increased. Other great revivals spread over the country, affecting all denominations and bringing great numbers into the Baptist Churches. The once persecuted preachers became the be- loved pastors, and many, like John Leland, saw their flocks grow in wealth and influence. A Famous Cheese.—Leland returned to Massa- chusetts, where his patriotic fervor continued un- abated. In 1801 there were great plans on foot among the housewives and farmers of Cheshire, Mass. Cheese they had made before, but never such a cheese as they now proposed to make. All the milk of all the cows in their fat pastures was hardly enough for this one great masterpiece of the cheese making art, which was to weigh 1,450 pounds. At last it was made and ready for the long journey to Washington, for such was its destina- 20 IN ROYAL SERVICE tion. Proudly did Leland accompany it, adding these miles to the seventy thousand of his life’s long journey, and proudly, on behalf of the people of Cheshire, did he present it to Jefferson, the new President, and the long-time and admiring friend of the Baptists. A Church Day.—It was a fine sight on a Church Day in the spring of 1830 to see the roads filled with the heavy carriages in which rode the older ladies and the children of the family, while at their sides paced the slim, glossy saddle horses bearing the graceful, long-skirted young women or the tall young men in riding dress. With these wealthier ones came those less wealthy but no less influential in the Church counsels; while walking in the rear or early crowding the deep galleries, came the slaves, who were members of the same churches. Times had greatly changed since the old days of disabilities, and the approbrious term “dissenter” had fallen into forgotten disuse. Four denominations divided the allegiance of the rapidly growing population. The Episcopalians and Presbyterians were influential in town and city, their congregations composed largely of people of means and education. ‘They were, however, com- paratively small in number. The Baptists and Meth- odists were stronger in the country than in the town, and embraced all classes, from the richest and most cultivated to the poorest and most ignorant. The last two were the evangelizing force in the growing IN ROYAL SERVICE 21 republic, as they had been in the colonies. ‘To them belonged the great mass of plain people and the vast majority of the negroes, the negro Baptists outnum- bering the negro Methodists. Between the Methodists and Baptists, though they held mighty controversies on doctrinal ques- tions, in those days of thundering oratory, charge and counter-charge, there was much in common. They were yoke fellows in pushing forward to the frontier and supplying the growing religious need of the country people. Stray Curls—In the Methodist congregations Puritan simplicity of dress was the order. The broad-winged, dunstable bonnet must be shorn ofits bows and confined under the rounded chin by the most demure of ties. Long prayers and entreaties urged the would-be convert to lay her rings, ear- rings and chains upon the altar, and save her soul. Stories are still current of pretty young girls brought sharply to task for letting their soft hair twine itself into worldly curls. The Savor of Popery.—While the Baptists had not gone so far into puritanism, anything savoring of “Popery,” “form” or “creed” was regarded with unfeigned horror, which their former sufferings fully justified. Years later many a bitter battle would be fought over the introduction of the “god- Mess: Offer. Very simple was the singing often lined out by the preacher; long were the sermons, and severely plain the services. 29 IN ROYAL SERVICE Baptist Growth.—Yet the hearts were warm and the spiritual fervor attracted souls with spiritual longings. In Virginia there were in 1773, only three thousand Baptists; in 1812 there were thirty-five thousand. This growth is indicative of their growth throughout the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Mis- sissippi, and indeed all the Southern States except Louisiana, where the old French rule had left a Catholic state. Such was the religious soil from which the Mission plant, which we have seen push- ing its way up into Baptist thought through the As- sociations, was drawing its growing strength. It goes without saying that the women had borne a part in all that had concerned the churches. They had strengthened the courage of their husbands and brothers. ‘They had cared for the children when the men went to prison for conscience sake, or to far, untrodden fields of service. If they had means they had contributed liberally. A Glass Chandelier—Such contributors were Lady Blake and Lady Axtell, the wife and mother- in-law of Joseph Blake, who before 1700 was twice Governor of the Colony of South Carolina. For one hundred years the glass chandelier which Lady Axtell ordered from England for the First Church of Charleston, as it trembled and caught the light which fell through the high windows, was an object of admiration to the children who sat in a long, graduated row between their parents in the high- backed pews, over which they could hardly see the IN ROYAL SERVICE 23 nearest neighbors. Perhaps the youngest of the group obtained a better view than the rest, since for his use the pew contained a three-cornered stool, which, mounted on the seat and firmly planted in the corner, at his mother’s elbow, became his point of vantage during the hour-long sermon. The Lonely Heroine.—Far different is the story of Mrs. Matthews, the wife of one of Georgia’s early preachers, which is not unlike that of many other Wives of pioneer ministers. Bidding her farewell, her husband left her, in their little house with only their baby for company. Night came on and the stillness was rudely broken. The cries of wolves grew nearer, and through the long night sleep was banished by their howlings as they gathered round the house. It was too much. Her heart reproached her husband for having left her. She would not be left alone again for any cause. To go with him was better than this. “But,” the narrative goes on, “when she saw scores upon scores hanging on his lips for the word of life, and how the power of God attended the preacher’s word, she said to her husband, ‘Carry me back; I will never murmur again. Let the wolves come; by the help of God I will stay and care for our home while you are caring for souls.’” The Missionary Needle.—It is little wonder that with such calls from the newly settled wilderness, as well as from the Indians, the first societies were for the Home Missions. The earliest Woman’s Society in 24 IN ROYAL SERVICE America seems to have been the Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes. This was estab- lished by Miss Mary Webb, for more than sixty years a member of the Second Baptist Church of Boston. Under Miss Webb’s leadership, fourteen women, eight Baptist and six Congregationalist, organized for the reasons set forth in the preamble of their constitution. “Animated by the success with which the great head. of the Church has crowned the united ex- ertions of his dear people we (the women) have formed ourselves into a society for the express pur- pose of aiding missions. The destitute and afflicting circumstances of thousands of our fellow creatures call aloud for charity, and, while a needle can be instrumental in spreading abroad the knowledge of a Savior’s name, shall a Christian female forbear to exercise it in the best of causes?” Help Through the Helpless.—Organizing is one thing ; making an organization live, another. Though Miss Webb was a helpless cripple, her power be- hind this new society was wonderful. Separate ac- counts were kept of the contributions of Baptists and Congregationalists. By 1819 the society had contributed $3,825.00, of which Baptist members gave $2,220.00. For eleven years its contributions were for Home Missions, then, deeply impressed by the work being done by the English Baptist Missionaries in India, they resolved to give $200.00, the entire subscription of the year 1811, to the IN ROYAL SERVICE 25 “translation of the Scriptures carried on so exten- sively and successfully by the missionaries at Se- rampore, Bengal.” ‘Two years after the organiza- tion of this society, the Massachusetts Baptist Mis- sionary Society, also organized for work in our own country, came into existence. In 1802 or 1803 a Baptist Woman’s Missionary Society was formed, of which Mary Webb was probably the organizer, as to it she seems to have borne the same relation as to the earlier society of Baptist and Congrega- tionalist women. Nor was this all. She organized a Children’s Cent Society, which in 1811 contributed $27.00 to the Baptist Mission Society. Even these societies maintained during her long life, do not rep- resent the whole of Miss Webb’s work—her little hand carriage, pushed by her own hands, reached every section of the city where want was found, and the same frail hand carried on a correspondence at different times with a hundred and twenty socie- ties which sprung up under her influence in differ- ent parts of the country. All honor to Mary Webb! The Church and the Children.—Rivaling the first Boston society in point of age was the Juvenile Misisonary and Education Society of Charleston, S. C. Dr. Richard Furman, who had become the pastor in 1787, was deeply impressed with the neces- sity of missions and the education of young men for the ministry. Under his influence the Charles- ton Association in 1790, recommended their efforts in this direction, the earlier work begun in 1755 hav- 26 IN ROYAL SERVICE ing been discontinued during the Revolutionary War. He was also a great believer in children. Let one of his child friends tell the story she long after- ward told to her grandchildren. “We had no Sabbath school then, but we had the Baptist Catechism, with which we were as familiar as with the Lord’s Prayer. At our quarterly sea- sons, we children of the congregation repeated the Baptist Catechism standing, in a circle round the font. We numbered from sixty to a hundred. The girls standing at the south of the pulpit, the boys meeting them in the center from the north, Dr. Fur- man would, in his majestic, winning manner, walk down the pulpit steps and with book in hand, com- mence asking questions, beginning with the: little ones (very small indeed some were, but well taught and drilled at home). We had to memorize the whole book, for none knew which question would fall to them. I think I hear at this very moment the dear voice of our pastor saying, “A little louder, my child,” and then the trembling, sweet voice would be raised a little too loud. It was a marvel to visitors on these occasions, the wonderful self- possession and accuracy manifested by the whole class. This practice was of incalculable benefit, for when it pleased God to change our hearts, and when offering ourselves to the church for membership, we knew what the church doctrines meant and were quite familiar with answering questions before the whole congregation, and did not quake when pastor IN ROYAL SERVICE a or deacon or anyone else asked what we understood by Baptism, the Lord’s Supper, Justification, Adop- tion, Sanctification. Oh, no; we had been well taught.” And then the narrator adds, as with a deep sigh, “What a pity that such a course of in- struction has been abandoned.” Children Helpers.—It is little wonder, therefore, that Dr. Furman enlisted the children of his church in the work near his heart and organized them into a Juvenile Missionary and Educational Society, probably before 1800. The twofold purpose was doubtless missions to the Catawba Indians, in whom the church was much interested, and the education of young ministers. Doubtless, also, Foreign Mis- sions had a part in their prayers and thoughts, for five years before the close of the century (1795) the Charleston Association, of which the Charleston church was ever the leader, had adopted the month- ly concert of prayer for missions. Greatly was the church, led by its pastor, stirred by these things, and not only did “the younger female members” of his congregation have their society, but “pious people, not Baptists, made donations and _ left legacies.” The Wadmalaw and Edisto Society—Dr. Fur- man did not only talk of Missions, but he loved to visit and preach in the regions round about, where several churches were organized through his ef- forts. One of these points was Edisto Island, fam- ous for its sea island cotton. Here in 1807 he bap- 28 IN ROYAL SERVICE tized some white, and a large number of colored people. Here also was planted the missionary in- terest which so characterized Dr. Furman. The women of Edisto, among whom Mrs. Hepizabeth Townsend was the leading spirit, together with the women of Wadmalaw, formed the Wadmalaw and Edisto Female Mite Society. How earnest and lib- eral they were is shown by the fact that in 1812 they reported to their association one hundred and twenty-two dollars and fifty cents for work among the Catawba Indians, for whom the association had opened a school. From this school in 1810 there was brought to the association one of the earliest “Mis- sionary Exhibits’ in the form of the writing of In- dian children. Probably the Wadmalaw and Edisto Society had been formed several years before 1812, for though this is the first report of its work, it evidently represents a year’s effort and justifies us in placing the date of its organization certainly not later than 1811. The Edisto members at that time held their membership in the Charleston church, their missionary zeal being of special interest be- cause the society is older than the church building. The neat little church, “put up and completely fur- nished with everything desirable for the orderly and decent arrangement of the House of God, by the extraordinary energy” of Mrs. Townsend, was not dedicated until 1818. Thus again was verified the promise that he that watereth shall himself be watered. INTRON ANT SRV TOE 29 Foreign Missions.—Already we had caught echoes of a new phrase which had been born and was slowly making for itself a large place in the English language. It was no mere combination of Latin or Greek syllables standing for some grave metaphysical abstraction, but for a revived and liv- ing duty which was to burn itself into the con- science of the world. The obligation of every Christian to reach unseen human beings with Christianity had been planted anew in Christian thought by Carey. In 1792 his little shoemakers’ hammer tapped out the mission reveille of Christian- ity and called Christ’s sleeping followers to face the long, hard day of world saving. So Foreign Mis- sions came again into being. It is not necessary to repeat here Carey’s struggles, first, with his breth- ren, who were ready to cry down his new thought and his new phrase, next to win the East India Company’s consent that he should disturb the “peace” which lay over the heathen lands under their rule. He went. Carey’s Voice.—He did succeed. He waited sev- en years for the first convert. He studied, he wrote, he translated, he taught, he printed. The predujice of his own country broke down before him. They honored him with high places. They sought his counsel. What he had done became the starting point of all modern mission enterprise. His voice was heard around the world. America’s First Response—America and Ameri- 30 IN ROYAL SERVICE can Baptists, far as they were removed from Eng- land in 1792 by the alienation of one war and the gathering resentment which was to lead to a last trial of strength, caught also the morning call to foreign missions. The first response was the concert fe prayer which ‘was taken up by association after association. In answer to these prayers, in which all denomina- tions joined, came the great revival of 1803. Next followed the Missionary Magazine. The first of these was the Georgia Analytical Repository, which in 1802 contained two letters from Dr. Carey. The next were individual contributions to the Eng- lish Baptist work, in Serampore. ‘To them Amer- ican Baptists sent two thousand dollars in 1806, a hundred and sixty-three of which was sent from Charleston in the name of Dr. Furman, and Dr. Keith, a Presbyterian minister. Fourth and most far-reaching was that the introduction of this thought into the now numerous associations led to the organization of missionary societies composed of individuals or groups of individuals from various churches. The first effort of the Foreign Mission impulse awakened by Carey was to quicken the interest of American Baptists in the heathen population near at hand—the Indians. Early among these societies was the Baptist Philanthropic Missionary Society of North Carolina, organized in 1805, which sprung out of the great revival in North Carolina in the INTROYAT SERVICE 31 opening of the new century. It was unique among Baptist organizations, since its only purpose was the elevation of the Indians, Charleston, Georgia, and Elkhorn, Ky., Associations combining this pur- pose with other interests. The Gift of the Judsons.—Louder than Carey’s call, thundered God’s direct call from India. Ado- niram Judson and his lovely young wife sailed for India from Salem, Mass., February 19, 1812, under the Congregational Board, which had been organ- ized in 1810. When, after a prosperous voyage of four months, they landed in Calcutta, they had be- come Baptists. Luther Rice sailed from Philadelphia, as an ap- pointee of the same Board, one day before the good ship which carried the Judsons put out to sea from Salem. Strange to say, when he reached Calcutta he also became a Baptist. Here were three Ameri- can Baptist missionaries in India, with no organiza- tion pledged for their support. ‘There was but one thing possible—to give themselves to the Baptists of America. Judson and his wife would remain on the field. Rice would return to America to tell his story and urge the Baptists to rally to their sup- port and definitely enter Foreign Mission work. Luther Rice.—The task Luther Rice set for him- self was heroic. How well he accomplished it is shown by the fact that he arrived in New York in September, 1813, and by the following May he had by correspondence and personal appeal gathered to- 32 IN ROYAL SERVICE gether the first national convention of the Baptists. Beginning his journey in Boston, he went to Phila- delphia, to Baltimore, Washington, Richmond and Charleston. Foreign Missionary Societies were rapidly formed in response to his appeal. Every- where he was greeted with enthusiasm. When he returned from his Southern tour to the convention in Philadelphia be brought not only the news of Southern Baptists awakened to the mission call, but a very substantial evidence of their interest in the form of $1,274.6214, which he turned over to the new Board of Missions. This first tour was but the beginning of many others, and since. to Rice, more than to any other man, we owe the gathering of American Baptists into one body for Mission endeavor, let us look at him carefully. A Commanding Figure-——He was good to look upon; above the ordinary height, perfectly erect, and of highly prepossessing appearance. His voice, which was to ring the mission call far and wide, was clear and melodious. Better than this, he was always full of hope and nothing could turn him from a settled purpose. He “always looked for prosperity, and he always expected that tomorrow would not only be a fair day, but a little fairer than today.” His ability to bear fatigue was remarkable. His method of travel was simple. Starting out with a horse and gig, he rode until the horse was ex- hausted. At the house of a friend he would ex- IN; ROYAL SERVICE 33 change his exhausted horse for a fresh one, and so on, leaving a line of weary animals behind him. On his return, after months, he would pick up the rested horses and eventually return each horse to its rightful owner. Stories still survive of the eager welcome given him at many firesides and of the many cups of strong, black coffee he drank. A Birthday Record.—This extract from a letter to his brother shows us what travel meant in those days, and also his point of appeal. “The following Sabbath (August 18, 1816) I was with the County Line Association, in Caswell Coun- Tne Cewnavine shad but an easy week's ride of ‘about 166 miles; and was with the Mountain As- sociation in Burke County, N. C., the next Sabbath, having gone that week 214 miles. The following Saturday, was with the Shiloh Association, in Cul- peper County, Va., having been under the necessity ‘of riding more than four hundred miles in less than six days.” So the account goes on, each week hav- ing its long journey to reach an Association, now in Virginia, now in Kentucky, then in Tennessee, back into North Carolina, and then on to Charles- ton. On his thirty-fourth birthday (March 25, 1817) he wrote “By my Journal, it appears I have traveled since entering my thirty-third year, which closes this day, seven thousand, eight hundred miles. My journeyings have been great, generally lonely, and sometimes very fatiguing; but my life, health, limbs 34 IN ROYAL SERVICE have been preserved, and my strength has been equal to the day...) Praise betomhe Lord.” Wonderfully interesting were his stories of “foreign parts,” and eloquent were his pleadings for the “poor heathen.” Everywhere crowds lis- tened to the new story of missions and everywhere women were his eager hearers. The Triennial Convention.—National conven- tions in 1814 were no light affairs; weeks, and even months, must be passed upon the journey. Great matters, however, were afoot among the Baptists. Wrapped in their great coats from the changeful winds of early spring, some on horseback, some in stage coaches, where the weariness of the nights wore into weary days and days into weeks, a few were making their slow way to Philadelphia. There on the 18th of May, 1814, thirty-three delegates met, and after days of deliberation formed “The General Missionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of America.” But even then, be- fore the world whirred to the clang of street cars and telephones, life was too short to use so long a name, and the Convention, which met once in three years, was soon known as the Triennial Con- vention. Dr. Furman, of Charleston, considered the foremost man among American Baptists, was chosen the president. The gathering was small, but every man was one who carried weight. It represented 200,000 Baptists. The support of the Judsons was secure. Much more. This mission work for the IN ROYAL SERVICE 35 world had linked Baptists together for world-wide conquest in their Master’s name. Springing Societies—Women, ever glad to be the heralds of a resurrection of truth, were among the first to proclaim this new resurrection of Christ’s living word for all men. It is exceedingly gratifying to record that a so- ciety of Southern Baptist Women had a distinct part in the first Baptist Convention. In the account rendered by Mr. Rice to the Triennial Convention of May, 1814, of the amount collected during his Southern tour he states that he received on “January 14, 1814, by donation of ‘The Wadma- law and Edisto Female Mite Society,’ Charleston, South Carolina, $44.00. This is the only society mentioned in his list of donors, though a number of individual gifts from Southern women are re- corded. The only other woman’s society mentioned in the minutes of 1814 is the New York Baptist Female Society, for promoting Foreign Missions, which was organized in April, 1814.” Societies Before 1814.—Dr. Vail, in his interest- ing book, ‘Morning Hour of American Baptist Mis- sions,” which closes with the first session of the Triennial Convention (1814), has with much pains collected the names of nearly fifty women’s socie- ties who were working for local or domestic mis- sions before that date. The earliest of these is the society organized in Boston by Mary Webb in 1800, which, as we have seen, made its first contribution 36 IN ROYAL SERVICE to Foreign Missions in 1811. The only Southern society in this list is the Wadmalaw and Edisto. Old Records.—It could not be expected that such lists would be complete. Old records will from time to time be discovered and give up their secrets. The research carried on in connection with this account of the mission work of Southern Baptist Women has brought together a number of facts hitherto un- collected relative to early woman’s societies. No thought, however, is entertained that all such data has been gathered. What has been done is looked upon as a hopeful and interesting beginning. The Oldest Foreign Missionary Organization. As no state conventions had been organized before 1821, such records must be sought in church and associational minutes, or in the rare minutes of the missionary societies which sprung up immediately in answer to the Judson call and flourished for a few years until the associations declared themselves for foreign missions. A committee, appointed at the first Triennial Convention to inquire into the organ- ization of such societies, “had the satisfaction to learn that not fewer than seventeen societies of this description” were already in operation in the United States. Those in the South were: The Baltimore Baptist Missionary Society, which had in hand a hundred dollars, and were persuaded that they would raise annually not less than a hundred and fifty dollars; The Washington Baptist Society for Foreign Missions, which had remitted $%0 to the IN ROYAL SERVICE 37 fund, and would probably give a hundred dollars annually; the long-named Richmond Baptist Mis- sionary Society for Propagating the Gospel in India and other Heathen Countries, which had already col- lected two hundred dollars, and hoped to give more than two hundred and fifty dollars a year; the North Carolina Baptist Society for Foreign Missions, which had collected two hundred and sixty dollars, and, it was hoped, would be able to furnish annually not less than five hundred dollars; the Beaufort (S. C.) District Baptist Society for Foreign Mis- sions, with fifty-one subscribers, one for fifty, one for twenty, one for fifteen and several for ten an- nually, with a reasonable expectation of at least three hundred; the Savannah Baptist Society for Foreign Missions, which had collected four hundred and fifty-six dollars, and had a yearly prospect of a thousand, “through the distinguished zeal, activity and liberality of its members”; the Kentucky Bap- tist Society for Propagating the Gospel, with a hun- dred collected and a yearly expectation of two hun- dred and fifty; the General Committee of churches united in the Charleston Baptist Association, which “had entered into the misisonary design with laud- able zeal and activity,’ from which four hundred dollars might be expected each year. To this is added, “Besides which may be expected from the Wadmalaw and Edisto Female Mite So- ciety perhaps annually a hundred dollars.” This list of eight of the seventeen societies reported © 38 IN ROYAL? SERVICE formed half the basis of the hope that the new con- vention might receive five thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars for missions in the following year. Beside those societies already fully organized, socie- ties were said to be getting under way at Freder- icksburg, Virginia, High Hills of Santee, head of Black River, Welch Neck, at the Congaree, Amelia Township and Goose Creek, South Carolina. Leavening the Lump.—Rapidly the woman’s con- tributions and societies increased. In the second annual report of the Baptist Board of Missions (June, 1816), Mr. Rice, after mentioning a num- ber of missionary societies which had either been formed for local charity and now added foreign mis- - sions to their list of gifts, or had been formed espe- cially to support that cause, gives an enthusiastic paragraph to woman’s work and possibilities. “In- deed,” he exclaims, “the great numbers and rapid increase of these laudable Female Institutions can- not fail to create emotions the most lively and grati- fying—hopes and anticipations of the most ardent and animating nature.” A list of seventy-two had been received. “News of what the American ladies have done,” wrote a correspondent, “has reached. England, and the leaven will probably commence its operations there.” These societies were usually called Female Mite or Cent Societies, suiting their name to the ability of the women, who did not hold the purse-strings of the day. IN ROYAL SERVICE 39 The leaven was assuredly at work in America. This is evident from the fact that the report of the second session of the Triennial Convention (1817) shows a total of 187 societies contributing to mis- sions, much more than half of which, or 110, were women’s organizations! A Vision.—On some unmarked mile between Richmond and Petersburg over which Mr. Rice passed during his first missionary tour he dreamed a wonderful dream of a missionary future. It was no less than the plan which today exists in our mission work—the Church, the Association, the State Convention, all interested in missions, each appointing delegates to an ever-widening organi- zation until the whole culminates in a great society or convention for missions. Had he foreseen that the Mite Societies, which he encouraged and wher- ever possible helped to form, would in the future become societies of might, and would gather also in their great organizations, the vision would have shortened many a weary mile; his weariness for the time being forgotten, as with new strength he “thanked God and took courage.” Centenary Societies—Many of the early For- eign Missionary Societies of Southern Baptist Wo- men with their records have vanished from the earth, but the work and records of others have been unbroken. ‘These have brought forth increasing fruit for a hundred years. One of the first of these was the Woman’s, or, as it was named at its birth, 40 IN ROYAL SERVICE the Female Missionary Society of Richmond, Virginia. The Society in the First Church, Richmond.—So inseparably is the history of this society linked with the church to which it belongs that to know one we must know something of the other. At the time of the organization of the church in 1780, the city of Richmond contained, for all its fine name, “scarcely eighteen hundred inhabitants, half of whom were slaves. It had been designated as the seat of government only the year before after a lively competition with Hanover Town—the ques- tion being decided by a majority of one.” The young church grew. rapidly and became a member of the Dover Association, constituted three years later (1783), whose “chief business,’ says the old historian, was to receive petitions and appoint preachers to travel into new places where the gos- pel was likely to flourish. Some of these mission- aries reached even to the “distant land of Georgia.” We grow by giving out; so, in 1808, the fourteen who organized the church in 1780 had grown to 560. Nor were home missions alone in the thoughts of the church. Hopes for the speedy conversion of the heathen world brought roseate-hued belief in results. These dark lands were pictured as only waiting, ready at the new word to “cast their idols to the ground.” In 1802, only two years after Carey had baptized his first convert, Daniel Marshall IN ROYAL SERVICE Al wrote: “The Scriptures have been translated into several barbarous languages—missionaries have gone out literally into all the world, and sinners of all descriptions have fallen by thousands beneath the sword ot the spirit which is the word of God.” The Foreign Missionary Society of Virginia. With such high hopes and glowing anticipations of speedy world conquest, the church was ready for the coming of Luther Rice in 1813. Long afterward a venerable member wrote that “The Church was stirred to its depth.” In 1813 the Foreign Mission- ary Society of Virginia was organized in this church, the earliest general Missionary Society formed in response to Luther Rice’s appeals. Organ- ized the year before, the Triennial Convention, it was represented in it by Jacob Griggs and Robert B. Semple, the Baptist historian. The Sewing Circle.—Since the days of Dorcas, Christian women have offered their needles for Christian service. Luther Rice, it seems, formed a sewing society already stitching its way through the life of the Church and city, devoting its earnings then, as it did later, to city missions. Its members in no small measure felt the enthusi- asm which aroused the Church as a whole. The same member quoted a moment ago says: “The proceeds of the sewing circle were devoted to For- eign Missions, and the old ladies were constantly employed in knitting socks for the missionaries in Burmah.” 42 IN ROYAL SERVICE The Female Missionary Society—While the magnet of Foreign Missions turned the needles of the Sewing Society to Asia a new society, whose undivided thoughts and gifts were to be given to the propagation of the gospel in foreign parts, was organized the year of Rice’s first visit and of the organization of the Foreign Missionary So- ciety of Virginia. While unfortunately the first constitution of this society is not in existence, it evidently looked to leadership beyond its own bounds, and in the hearts of its originators was the germ thought of a State Central Committee of Mis- sions similar to those out of which the Woman’s Missionary Union grew seventy-five years later. Better proof of the purpose to unite the women of Virginia for Foreign Mission work, than any wordy preamble and resolution to that effect, is the fact that their words and example brought forth speedy results in another part of the state. A Garret Find.—From the patriotic old town of Fredericksburg, the home of Mary Washington, Mrs. Lucy Cobb moved to the “far country” of Georgia. Though the way was longer than we can realize at this time of swift transit, home ties are elastic enough to stretch around the world. Mrs. Cobb was fortunate in having for a cor- respondent Mrs. Lucy Thornton, who had that love “of the dear particulars” which is necessary for the charm of letter writing. Near the end of the last century this voluminous correspondence was found IN ROYAL SERVICE 43 yellowed with age in a garret in Athens, Georgia. Mrs. Thornton was a member of the Baptist Church of Fredericksburg, and many an interesting item of church life grew and lived again for the distant reader under her facile pen. Folded and sealed into one of these letters was a leaflet, one of the first of that great shower of missionary tracts, which, thick as leaves in autumn have fallen upon the hearts of the women of our land. It was no less than the con- stitution of the Fredericksburg Female Baptist 5o- ciety for Foreign Missions, organized November 23, 1814. Fredericksburg Society, 1814——As this is the earliest constitution of a Southern Baptist Woman’s Missionary Society yet discovered, it is given in full. It is interesting not only for its antiquity, but because of its well thought-out plan of work, the proof of the organic connection between this organi- zation and the “Sister Society” in Richmond, and its purpose to correspond with “sister institutions.” Constitution of the Fredericksburg Female Bap- tist Society for Foreign Missions: 1. This Society shall be called the Fredericksburg Female Society for Foreign Missions. 2. The explicit intention of this Society is to aid the sister Society for Foreign Missions in Rich- mond, to which Society the subscriptions must be forwarded by the correspondent, whenever the man- agers think expedient. 3. The members of this Society shall consist of 44. IN ROYAL SERVICE females who wish to promote the glory of God by becoming subscribers, every subscriber paying at least one dollar on the first Saturday in January, annually. 4, The officers of this Society shall consist of a Directress, a Vice-Directress, a Treasurer, a Cor- respondent, a Recorder and fifteen Managers. 5. The Managers shall be annually elected by vote, by the members. The Managers when elected shall choose the other officers. 6. It shall be the duty of the Directress to pre- side at all the meetings of the Society, to preserve order, to state questions, and to take the sense of the Managers. In case of her absence, this duty shall devolve on the Vice-Directress. At the request of any three of the Managers, the Directress shall call a meeting, or in case of her absence, this duty shall devolve on the Vice- Directress. The Treasurer shall take charge of the funds and pay all orders signed by the Recorder, by order of the Board, and must keep accounts regularly in a book. The Recorder shall minute the proceedings of the meetings and record them fairly in a book. The Correspondent shall correspond with sister institutions, and with individuals concerning the in- terests of the Society, as the Board may direct. %. The annual meeting of the Society shall take IN ROYAL SERVICE AS place on the first Saturday in January, when the Managers shall be elected. The Constitution must then be read by the Directors to the Board. 8. All business shall be decided by the Managers. Five of them shall be necessary to form a quorum for business. 9. Any member shall be allowed to withdraw her name from the Society whenever she may think proper. 10. No alteration shall be made in any article of this Constitution, but by a meeting of the Society, and the concurrence of two-thirds of the members then present. Notable Growth.—In the meanwhile the older sis- ter was making notable growth. Between 1816 and 1817 the Society was so strong that it contributed some five hundred dollars to Foreign Missions. Luther Rice, who called Richmond one of his three homes, often helped and encouraged the members of this Society. The anniversary of these early societies were great events, and none more so than when Mr. Rice preached the anniversary sermon in 1816. Of this occasion Mr. Rice says: “The opportunity occurred of attending the annual meeting of the Richmond Female Baptist Mission- ary Society. Their request conferred on me the honor and satisfaction to deliver their annual Mis- sionary Sermon, the evening of the 11th of April (1816). The contribution on that occasion amount- ed to nearly $70; to which Rev, Mr. Rice, a Pres-. A6 IN ROYAL SERVICE byterian, added $5.00 the next day. ‘This society remits to the general Treasurer this year $130.00. Last year about $80.00 to the Treasurer of the Rich- mond Baptist Foreign and Domestic Missionary Society.” Nor was the Fredericksburg Society far behind in its donations, for the same report quoted above contains the items: By Mrs. Walker, from the Fredericksburg Female Baptist Society for Foreign Missions, Virginia, $107.00. Fredericksburg was also visited in the spring of this year (1816). His comment on the society, is “The activity and zeal of the Female Society in the same place are highly gratifying and praiseworthy.” A Bee-Hive of Activity—The leaven was truly at work. In the spring of 1818 Mr. Rice again at- tended the annual meeting of the Richmond Society and found the church a very bee-hive of missionary activities. The number of societies could hardly be excelled by the church today. This year the Juve- nile Cent Society engaged his services, and they had the honor of having him preach a sermon for them. But we will let him give his own account of the busy days which awakened in him again deep emotions. “While in Richmond, Va., I had the opportunity of attending the annual meeting of the Female Mis- sion Society, the African Mission Society, of preaching a sermon for a collection to aid the funds of the Juvenile Cent Society, of witnessing the zeal IN ROYAL SERVICE AR of the ladies to form an Education Society. * * * The fact, too, that little girls from six or seven to twelve or fourteen years old had formed a society to save from the purchases of little delicacies their mites to assist the glorious object of giving the knowledge of the Gospel to all the world, and that their lively example was producing something simi- lar among the little boys, could not fail to awaken emotions peculiarly delightful and anticipations the most lively and interesting.” An Old Enemy.—Of much interest also is a letter from Ann Hasseltine Judson, writing when on a ' visit to this country in 1823 to the Richmond So- ciety, which she calls the Female Judson Society, its name having probably been changed in honor of Judson and his wife. ‘Times pass, manners change, but arguments long survive. From the long past the old plaint, “We have heathen enough at home,” steps out still strong and unashamed. Mrs. Judson meets this old enemy valiantly. ‘The weapons she forged will fit the hands of all who must meet it nearly a century later, and are commended for their keen edge: Mrs. Judson’s Letter. Washington, April 26, 1823. Dear Sisters in Christ: Your affectionate letter, together with your con- tribution in aid of Female schools in Burmah, was received on my second arrival in this city. On my 48 IN ROYAL SERVICE own account and in behalf of the ignorant females in the East, allow me to express my thanks, and to assure you how much encouragement I derive from circumstances like the present, because I am con- vinced that when American females are induced to contribute of their worldly substance to enlighten their own sex on the other side of the world, their prayers and their influence also are joined. A Popular Objection.—The popular objection to foreign missions at the present day—that we have heathen enough at home, why should we send our money and our missionaries out of the country ?— we may be sure is made from the most parsimoni- ous, the most selfish motives. ‘They hide their want of benevolence and Christian feeling under this cloak, and thus throw all their influence into the scale of the grand adversary. An Appeal to Women for Women.—But did our divine Redeemer in his last communication to his loved apostles say, convert first all the Jewish na- tion and then go into all the world? Had this been his final command, instead of that most extensive and benevolent one which even at the present day is binding on every real disciple, where had we now been? What would have been our knowledge of the word of God, of his commands and of our obli- gations to each other? What indeed now would be the state of our country? Altars and temples would, be visible, human sacrifices would everywhere meet the eyes, and the whole moral state of our country IN ROYAL SERVICE 49 present the appearance now exhibited in the em- pire of Burmah, and in the other heathen nations. Had the commands of our Savior been limited, as many professed Christians seem to desire, what would now be the situation of our own sex? What was our situation, and in what light were we viewed when Augustine, the first Christian missionary, vis- ited the shores of our ancestors? Were we not then as Eastern females now are—the servants, the slaves of the other sex, and viewed by them as al- most destitute of intellect, and little superior to the brute creation? If, my beloved sisters, this change in the situa- tion and circumstances of our sex has been effected through the instrumentality of the gospel, how great should be our efforts to enlighten those who are still degraded? Had our cases been reversed, had Burmah females been raised from their degra- dation, instructed, enlightened and converted, while we were left in our native darkness, should we thank those Burmah Christians who would say “Why should we send our money and our neces- saries to the continent of America, when we have so many heathen in our own country?” Let us obey the commands of Christ, and beware of the suggestion of him who still desires universal sway in those heathen lands, unenlightened by gos- pel rays. The New Testament is nearly completed in the Burmah language, and females must remain ig- 50 IN ROYAL SERVICE norant of its blessed contents while unacquainted with letters. To remove this difficulty and to en- able them to read with their own eyes the truths God has communicated to fallen man, is the object in the formation of these societies. May your Society prosper and increase; may your prayers be constant and effectual; may your hearts ere long be gladdened by the intelligence that your bounty was not bestowed in vain. A Hope of Meeting.—While on the ocean, which will soon divide us, and when arrived in that coun- try so far distant, let my name be mentioned in your prayers, social and private, and when our work on earth is done, may we meet in our Heavenly Father’s house many heathen souls rescued through our united exertions. Most affectionately your sister in Christ, ANN H. JUDSON. To the Female Judson Society of Richmond. Prosperity and Increase.—Changing a few old- fashioned phrases and striking out from the picture of India, human sacrifices, which by the continued efforts of the missionary were prohibited not many years later, Mrs. Judson’s letter might bear the date of our day. It closes as all missionaries have closed their letters since the days of Paul, with a request for the prayers of Christian people. Her prayer that the society which had aided her work might prosper and increase was answered. IN ROYAL SERVICE 51 It had.so won favor that in 1834 it was commended to the Dover Association by the Church as “increas- ing in efforts,’ and two years later it sent a delegate to the General Convention, having raised more than three hundred dollars the year previous. Another Link in the Chain.—There is yet another link in this chain of influences set on foot by the organization of the Richmond Society. The leaflet sent by Mrs. Thornton to Mrs. Cobb was a living seed. Five years later (July 3, 1819) several ladies of Clark County, Georgia, assembled at Trail Creek and organized the Female Mite Society of Athens and Vicinity. Mrs. Cobb and Mrs. Thornton were responsible for its organization, its constitutions, found in the same treasure-trove which held that of the Fredericksburg Society, being in the hand- writing of Mrs. Thornton, who had moved to Geor- gia in that year. Though the constitution modestly names a membership fee of “at least fifty-two cents a year,” so great was the interest and enthusiasm that the next spring it sent to Philadelphia a hun- dred and eight dollars. The receipt reads: $108. Received of Mrs. N. L. Jackson in behalf of the “Female Mite Society of Athens and Vicin- ity.’ One hundred and eight dollars to be handed to the Rev. Mr. Mercer, who will transmit it to the, general Treasury of the Baptist Board of Foreign. Missions at Philadelphia. ADIEL SHERWOOD. Athens, 13 March, 1820. 52 IN ROYAL SERVICE Mention has been made of the Missionary Society composed of members of different churches who were feeling their way to state-wide missionary organizations. One of these was the Philanthropic Baptist Mis- sionary Society of North Carolina, organized in 1805, of which we have already spoken. The same year the Chowan Baptist Missionary Society of this state was organized. Another North Carolina society— it may be the reorganized Philanthropic Society, since its name still holds the thought of home as well as foreign missions—was the North Carolina Baptist Society for Foreign and Domestic Missions. Here the work the women had doubtless been doing in connection with former societies comes out plainly. The minutes, dating from 1816, state that “the letters directed to be prepared for the Female Societies, having been read and approved, it was ordered that Bro. McAllister be the bearer of one . to the Female Baptist Missionary Society, near Fayetteville, and Bro. Campbell convey the other to the Hyco Female Cent Society.” The Society near Fayetteville reported ninety- eight dollars and thirty-eight and one-half cents, showing the desire, which has been a characteristic of the treasurers of Missionaries Societies ever since, to have their reports correct to the last half- cent. The minutes of the third, fourth and fifth annual meeting of the Hyco Female Cent Society are IN ROYAL SERVICE 53 printed separately, carrying the organization and history of this society back to the time of the very earliest Woman’s Missionary Societies. Here again in the itemized treasurer’s reports appear the same care, for she does not forget to enter among the givers “Negro Amey, nine cents.” Raleigh Children and Some Other Societies.— Nor is this all. In the same report of 1818 in which Mr. Rice gave the account of the missionary zeal in Richmond, he adds, after his account of the zeal of the girls having stirred up the boys: “In Raleigh, it is probable a similar little ladies’ Cent or Mite Society may ere this have been instituted.” He goes on to enumerate other Virginia and North Carolina societies, “In Norfolk I am confident a Female So- ciety will soon get into operation; probably has already. In Edenton, North Carolina, the ladies have an educational society, this besides the Mis- sion Societies before existing in and about Norfolk, Virginia, and Edenton. In Alexandria has recently been organized a Female Mission Society and one in Washington City.” A Notable Country Society.—Side-by-side with the venerable objection which Mrs. Judson so wise- ly overthrows, stands another of age equal to the existence of woman’s missionary efforts—‘Societies are all right for the towns, but the women cannot carry them on in the country.” Better than any trenchant blade of argument is the fact that they can live attested by the life and fruitful labors of 54 IN ROYAL SERVICE thousands of country societies. “Give the awility, they will find the ability.” A society now nearing its centennial comes in proof of what such a society may accomplish. Between the Rappahannock and York rivers, in King and Queen County, Virginia, is a section which for a hundred years has been marked by culture, intelligence and high religious standards. In the fertile fields of this section stands the old Brunington Church, whose missionary con- tributions have sometimes reached a thousand dol- lars a year. Permeated from the early days of the last century with missionary zeal and having for its pastors such men as Dr. R. B. Semple, who in 1810 wrote the History of Virginia Baptists, and who was later the first president of the Baptist Con- vention of Virginia, it is little wonder that the wo- men of the church early caught the missionary fire. It is established with almost entire certainty that a misisonary society was organized as early as 1815. The church minutes of 1832 speak of it, and since that time the record is unbroken. Here again we meet the same terms, Directress and Vice-Direct- ress, and we wonder if this society was not another link in the chain of Virginia societies contemplated by the Richmond and Fredericksburg organizations. Here again is the impress of Mrs. Judson, for in 1835 the society is called the Female Hasseltine Missionary Society. The annual meetings were and still remain notable occasions. For many years they were held on Easter Sunday. IN ROYAL SERVICE 55 An Annual Meeting.—One lingers with pleased thought on the picture of the quaintly but beautifully dressed ladies as they alighted from their convey- ances on a beautiful April morning in 1835, lingered awhile in the church yard and then, settling their voluminous skirts and folding their mittened hands, composed themselves to hear the anniversary ser- mon preached by John Lewis Shuck. Four months later Mr. Shuck and his sweet young wife sailed for China, which they reached after a journey of one year. Mr. Shuck was the first Baptist mission- ary to China, while Mrs. Shuck was the first Amer- ican woman who gave her life for the women of that land. From this time the most notable preachers of the country—such men as Jeter, Broaddus and Poin- dexter—were glad to honor these annual occasions, and well were they rewarded by the patient en- thusiasm of their hearers. The following record of the annual session in 1856 is especially commended to those societies who find an hour’s session quite sufficient. The record runs: “After reports, Elder Kingsford delivered an appropriate address on mis- sions; Elder William S. Fountain preached an in- spiring sermon from Luke 19: 13, followed by Elder A. M. Poindexter in a very animated address on behalf of the heathen nations.” All this without intermission ! A present member of this society modestly esti- 56 IN ROYALISERVICE mates the amount given as $15,000, but this is doubtless less than the fact. _ A Woman of Force.—Before turning from this interesting neighborhood, we can but stop to tell of Miss Priscilla Pollard, who inspired the women of a wide section with missionary zeal, in 1832-37 reorganizing the Brunington Society, organizing and acting as first president of the St. Stephens and Mattaponi Societies, and reorganizing the Society of Beulah Church. “Miss Pollard was a resident of King and Queen County, and was a member of Mattaponi Church as early as 1833, as records show, and it is presumed was one of its constituting members in 1828. Little is known of her personality, but she must have been a woman of devout piety, with capacity to lead.” Mattaponi Church possesses, and with much pride exhibits, a chair which was owned by her and oc- cupied on business and official occasions. It is a plain framed, low chair with slatted seat, and bears on the back her initials, P. P., which might be inter- preted Perfect President. “Sometime prior to 1830 she was baptized by Dr. Semple, and doubtless from him received much mis- sionary inspiration.. “At first the plans of the societies were very sim- ple. They were working as well as contributing societies. ‘They had but to see need, to bring their needles into play for its alleviation.” A Church from a Society—Let us look at the IN ROYAL SERVICE 5Y Society of Mattaponi, over which Miss Pollard so long presided. It was organized in 1837 and has had since that date an unbroken and honorable his- tory. It early took the whole world into its views, putting home missions on the same footing as foreign. In 1842 it decided “to retain the right to bestow funds as may be deemed most expedient, whether for foreign missions, missions within the limits of the state, or any part of the American con- tinent.” Following this action, they sent funds to the Domestic Mission Board for Rev. Jesse Witt, of Texas, and later arranged for monthly preaching in needy sections in Gloucester and King William Counties. Out of the later work largely grew West Point Church, in King William County. This Society has touched three great countries, for, while no missionary has gone out from it di- rectly, the church claims W. B. Bagby, of Brazil, as a grandson, and Mrs. A. B. Rudd, of Mexico, and J. W. Hart, of Argentine, as grandchildren, their mothers having been among its members. So the impress of the Woman’s Society passes to the third generation. Fitting Out a Missionary.—The Ladies’ Sewing Society of Beulah, organized in 1832 for Home and Foreign Missions, did not wait until it was itself well housed before it took the world into its thoughts. We will let one of the old members tell the story. “They met at private houses, because the old house of worship at Beulah was not com- 58 IN ROYAL SERVICE fortable in winter, being only a frame house with- out plastering, three windows with small panes of glass, and heated by an indifferent stove. “When the day came for a meeting of the society the large old hair trunk, which held the goods to be cut out, was strapped to the president’s carriage and taken to the home of the lady expecting them. All the members came early that a good day’s work might be done. “The husbands and fathers took pleasure in hav- ing their carriages hitched and sending their wives and daughters to the appointed place in care of their trusty drivers. “Luther Rice shared largely in the gifts of this society, as he was at this time collecting for Jud- son in Burmah and later for Columbia College, Washington. “This society helped J. Lewis Shuck in his educa- tion at the Seminary in Richmond (now Richmond College). After it was decided to send him to China, they gave him an outfit made of ‘Virginia cloth. When Mr. Shuck returned to this country from China it was announced in the ‘Religious Her- ald, that ‘Mr. Shuck, accompanied by a native Chin- ese, would preach on certain days at Beulah, Sharon, St. Stephens, and other churches in this part of Virginia.” What an excitement was created by having a preacher, who had been in that far Eastern country and had brought a live Chinaman home with him! IN ROYAL SERVICE 59 “Crowds came as if to a circus, and when the speech of the Chinese convert was interpreted by Mr. Shuck, the brethren seemed surprised that his faith and his religion were just like their own.” “In its first twerity-four years, or before the war, this society had contributed $4,520.00 to misisons. An African Andrew Broaddus.—‘Nor was the woman’s work all. Though it belongs to a later date, we must tell her how the Beulah Church in 1847 organized a Juvenile Society. It had been stated in the “Mission Journal’ that a native African boy could be educated for $12.00 a year. This so- ciety promised to educate one. ‘They had the privi- lege of naming him, and called him for their old pastor, Andrew Broadus.” Early Boxes.—Doubtless most of us have for- gotten that the time was when the idea prevailed that one of the necessities for spreading American religion was )American clothing. The record of a Kentucky Gia. brings this to mind. The Bethel Female Society, organized in 1822, near Hopkins- ville, Ky., though it consisted of only 24 members, sent a valuable box of clothing of their own manu- facture to the Carey station in India. The box did not arrive in less than twelve months, and nearly eigh- teen months elapsed before they heard of its arrival. Other boxes were sent to the “Valley Towns,” the Indian settlements in North Carolina, but the great distance and slowness of receipt and acknowledg- ment were very discouraging. A plea was presented 60 IN ROYAL SERVICE for some form of organization by which clothing prepared by all the societies might be gathered at a certain time of the year and sent by a trusty per- son. In this way, says the letter, making this prop- osition “the number of Female Societies contribut- ing clothing might be greatly enlarged.” Helping Oncken.—The records of a society com- posed of women in the vicinity of Mt. Moriah Church, South Carolina, have been preserved from 1833 to 1840, and show very interestingly the broad sympathy of its members. While the contributions were not large, the objects among which they were divided make a record of enterprises near the hearts of the Baptist of that day. Burman missions stand side by side with the education of pious young men in the Furman Academy, four dollars to aid the Baptist Tract Society in erecting a building in Philadelphia and translations of the Scriptures by the American and Foreign Bible Society. In 1840 the entire collection was voted to help “Brother Oncken.” ‘This last contribution links this society with the work of the Baptist Apostle to Northern Europe. Contribution With Representation —Contribu- tion without representation, however, formed no part of the plan or thought either of these societies or the conventions of their states. | Baptists are democratic by belief and by practice, and, indeed, the Baptist church may well be called the most democratic organization on earth. If any IN ROYAL SERVICE 61 fears that women through contributing to missions “might overstep their sphere’ were entertained, fears that years later rose like thunder clouds eager to blot out their entire effort, no hint of them come to us. Phe Moriah Society annually sent its delegates to the South Carolina Convention, organ- ized in 1821. In the first annual session of the North Carolina Baptist Convention (1831) the Female Be- nevolent Society of Raleigh, where the women had never lost the missionary spirit found there in the eatly days of Luther Rice’s visits, and the societies of Bethel and Cape Fear, were represented by three of the thirty-seven delegates. First in the list of delegates stands the name of Patrick W. Dowd, the representative of the Raleigh Society and the presi- dent of the convention! Seven Alabama Societies.—Seven Alabama socie- ties played a decisive part in the organization of the Alabama Convention in 1823. It was on this wise. The anti-misisonary spirit was strong. A call was issued for a meeting looking to a Baptist State or- ganization—‘If this meeting meant anything it meant missions.” Every effort was made by a few leading spirits to gather a large body of delegates. When the day appointed arrived there were but twenty. “Confidence became stiffened” when it was ascertained that half of these came from seven Wo- men’s Missionary Societies. ‘Their name should hold a high place in Alabama history. They were Bethel, Jonesboro, Salem (Green County), Clai- 62 IN ROYAL SERVICE borne, Elyton, Roupe’s Valley and Greensboro. The range of gifts reported was from a watch and chain given by one member to “two pairs of socks made by her own hands” from a member of the Ladies’ Society of Monticello. More influential, however, in the state organiza- tion than even the societies of Alabama was the work of a little group of women who probably did not call themselves a society. Prayer and Pains in Arkansas.—“In the spring of 1828 some two or three pious and cross-bearing old sisters living in Lawrence County, Arkansas, on Spring River, got together and talked over the des- titute condition of the county, there being no Bap- tist preacher in all the state known to them. - They had heard of Rev. David Orr, of Missouri. After prayerful deliberation, they wrote him to come to their relief. He took their letter before the church, and asked that they allow him to go to this desti- tute field. They remonstrated, but he said, ‘All the sympathies of my soul appeared to be aroused in favor of the destitute in Arkansas, and all their re- monstrances were ineffectual. In a few days, I started for the territory.’ The success of Bro. Orr was wonderful, and led in a few years to the organi- zation of Spring River Association, and a little later to the formation of Rocky Bayou Association.” A Piano for Missions—Time went on, churches and associations grew as the result of these wo- men’s efforts. Then into the heart of Mrs. George IN ROYAL SERVICE 63. Ann Bledsoe came a great desire that Arkansas Baptists might meet in a state convention to for-' ward missions. ‘The organization which resulted in 1847 was largely due to her interest and efforts. But she was not allowed to be present. She had gone to a better country. Her cherished hope was not forgotten in her last hours. To the convention to be formed she left its first legacy. It was her piano, a rare possession in those days. This was to be sold and the proceeds given to missions. A Commendation.—Time would fail to tell of the Ebenezer Female Missionary Society (1816); the Cheraw Hill Female Mite Society (1817); States- burg (1818); Welch Neck Juvenile Female Society (1820)—all of South Carolina; Flat Rock, North Carolina (1823); the Armstrong Society at Colum- bus, Miss. (1823), and the Brandon Society of Mis- sissippi (1837). By 1840, societies of Southern Bap- tist women had greatly multiplied, and were an im- portant and recognized part of mission work. Their liberality was so notable that it was specially com- mended in the reports of the Triennial Convention. Hunting in Garrets.—To trace the history of each society further would be impossible. A list of the earliest societies which have come to our knowledge will be found in the appendix of this volume. Again in the interest of history and for the inspiration of those who would tread in the steps of worthy fore- mothers, it is urged that old records be hunted up and preserved. Doubtless other garrets and many 64 TNO ROMA TS HRW i another dusty sole leather trunk holds historic rec- cords waiting to reward the seekers. | The Greatest Mission Work.—Before we leave the mission work of women before and during the thirty-one years when Southern Baptists formed a part of the Triennial Convention and while the old regime of Southern life, of which the Southern girl of 1830 sang so happily, prevailed, we must not fail to speak of the greatest mission work ever done by any class of American women—the work of South- ern women among their slaves. How the slaves came to this country at its earliest beginnings, and were found in both North and South, the justice, or commercial advantages or disadvantages of this “institution” form no part of the story we are relating. The deep concern of the master and mis- tress for the religious training of the slaves under their care, and the Christianizing of this race is a history yet to be written. Here it is only slightly sketched, as part of the background which throws the character of the work and workers of a later day into just proportions and relief, while it honors the piety and patience of the Christian men and wo- men of that day. The First Missionaries to the Colored People. Who were the first missionaries to the colored peo- All historie records of Mission Societies entrusted to the Union will be carefully preserved in the historical file at its headquarters, 15 West Franklin Street, Baltimore, Md. INVROY ATA SERV ICH 65 ple, was being discussed in a convention of South- ern white men, when a negro who was seated in the rear of the building rose and said, “With your per- mission, I will tell you who were the first mission- aries to the negroes. They were their white mis- tresses.” He was right. The interest in the conversion of the negroes anti- dates any form of missionary society. Southern Christians could never be justly taunted with send- ing “blankets and top-boots to the Hottentots” while neglecting the religious training of the black race at home. The First Day at Church.—Going to church for the first time is always a great event for the small person who experiences it. Little wonder then that nearly eighty years afterward, its vivid memories were set down by Mrs. E. Y. Tupper, of Charles- ton, S, C., the mother of Dr. H. A. Tupper, for years secretary of the Foreign Mission Board, in a paper written for her children, entitled “The Recol- lections of a Very Long Life,” from which we have quoted before. The picture she gives of the church that memorable day will stand, as far as instruction of the negroes is concerned, for many another. “TI remember the first Sabbath I went to church. I was not four years old; that was in 1804. Never can [ forget my astonishment when I saw in a high pulpit Dr. Furman in a black gown and white bands. I knew him personally and intimately; he 66 IN ROYAL SERVICE was a familiar visitor at our happy home. The next cause of surprise to me was the concourse of negroes who had assembled and filled the north gallery to overflowing. And then, when Dr. Furman lined out the hymns and the choir (seated round the font) commenced some familiar old-fashioned tunes and the gallery burst forth, it appeared to me like thun- der, Colored Sunday-Schools.—Famous as this church has been in its influence among the white people of Charleston, its historian tells us that it was still more successful in gathering in the black people. Not only were they attendants on the church ser- vices, but there was a Sunday-schogl for them, pre- sided over by a white superintendent and teachers. Such Sunday-schools were to be found all over the South, | An Old Church Record.—Closely and carefully written are a few pages of the record of the First Church of Nashville, Tenn., dating back to 1820, which, snatched from the fire by some hand before it was too late, bear the marks of the flame upon them..;Here again and@aeaimuahemreception and needs of the colored members are mentioned. Some ol)ithe entries, are: pecondmierd s,Day ineoepts 1820. Received as members Ceaser and Juno, Ser- vants of Mrs. Beck.” “Saturday before the 4th Lord’s Day, December, 1820. Discussed arrange- ments for the colored members and the subject laid over for consideration at the next meeting.” IN ROYAL SERVICE 67 “Saturday before the 4th Lord’s Day in May, 1821, received by letter Phillis, a blind woman of color.” “The Church Conference on the 2nd Lord’s Day in June, 1821, having heard the report * * * pro- ceeded to the choice of a Pastor.” The names of those at this conference are recorded. Among them, the Colored Brethren, Ceasar, Henry Tait, Cyrus, Buck, Ephraim, and colored sisters, Mary Tait and Olly.” In 1828 the membership was 101 white and 117 colored. A Famous African Church—Out of such churches grew the first colored churches in the larger cities. Famous among these is the First African Baptist Church of Richmond, organized in 1849, “the colored element” of the white church be- ing so large “that only a part could be furnished with sittings.” ‘T'o this church belonged that noted colored man, Lott Carey, who, like the other and more famous Carey, was also the pioneer in a great mission field—being the first Baptist missionary from America to the African continent. He was sent out by the society formed in 1815 among the colored members. ‘This was organized by William and James Crane, the earnest friends of the colored people, one being for many years the president and the other the secretary. Specially did James Crane, the secretary, love to represent this humble society in public anniversaries, associations and conven- 68 IN ROVARISERVICt tions. He was their special delegate to the Tri- | ennial Convention of 1832, held in the city of New York. Black Stars.—In the religious instruction of the negroes the women took a most active part. The mistress was slave to the demands of the plantation. She superintended the manufacturing and making of the clothing. She cared for the sick, she was religious advisor and friend to a family sometimes numbering more than a hundred. Recalling now with joy the Christian teaching given to her black dependants, one writes: “I shall have some black stars in my crown.” Space will not allow mention of other similar testimonies which come to us and which can be heard from the lips of hundreds of old ladies who took part in this work. The picture of these gentle Priscillas instructing their black dependants, pa- tiently and persistently putting before them a liv- ing pattern in word and deed, may well stimulate their daughters and granddaughters to like hand- to-hand endeavors for those who still need to be taught the way of life more perfectly. To thous- ands like these, and the Christian masters whom they aided, we owe it that these millions of black people came to the day of their freedom a Chris- tianized people. Imagination faints before the thought of what would have been, had it been other- wise. Here are some recollections from the life of long EN a ROY its BR VCR 69 ago given by Southern Baptist women who recall this work in their early days. First is a picture of home life in Virginia: Sunday Afternoons.—“My mother had four young colored girls who were learning to be seamstresses at our home, and she gave each of them a Bible, and taught them to read in it. I frequently spent my Sunday afternoons in teaching Bible verses and the Catechism. My brother, Rev. B. Manly, D. D., began preaching to the colored people at the Bap- tist Church in Tuscaloosa, Ala., while he was still a student at the University of Alabama.” The Union Catechism.—A dear old lady, a rela- tive of one of America’s greatest poets, who is now past eighty, looking far back into the past, writes: “Our plantation was situated in Warren County, Mississippi, near Vicksburg. My family owned hundreds of slaves, all of which we housed and clothed ina comfortable manner. It was our delight to see that they were well cared for. Not only this, but we had a spiritual joy in looking after their spirit- ual life. It was my custom to gather the small house negroes around me and teach them the Union Cate- chism. When the minister visited us we always called in the house servants. We had a large arbor on our plantation, in which the negroes worshiped. Among the slaves were negro preachers, who would preach to them. Besides, the white preachers of the community would preach to them. Not only did we have services for our negroes on the plantation, but 70 IN ROYAL SERVICE many of them went with us to our churches and were members, and were served with sacrament.” The Children on the Black Bench.—Another mother in Israel recalls how “About sixty years ago, when I was quite a child, I used to go to the pro- tracted meetings held by the colored people in my native city, Norfolk, Va. They were not allowed as slaves to hold night meetings, but when the kitchen and house work were done, they went, in great crowds, to their meeting houses in the after- noon. When the white pastor had finished his ser- mon the service would be turned over to the colored brethren, and, for an hour or more they would gather around the “mourners,” praying. with them, and giving them instruction. ‘The little white chil- dren would sit decorously, at the back of the house, intensely interested. ‘The colored people who de- sired it were allowed membership in the white churches, and were assigned to special seats dur- ing the service.” Nearing the Half-Century.—Thus the first half of the last century drew near its close. Wonderful changes had come in the world of knowledge and commerce. In religious thought missions included the world, though as yet vast regions had never been pressed by the foot of the messenger of the gospel. Here and there a mountain top caught a faint ray of light, but the far-reaching valleys lay in unbroken darkness. INR ROY AL SERVICE i FOR THE MISSION STUDY CLASS. Aim.—To show that the growth of the Church is insep- arably connected with efforts for others; to follow the mis- sion work of Southern Baptist women during the first half of the nineteenth century. BrstE Reapine.—General Topic—Chrisi’s Mission to Women. Study 1. To Hlevate the Home :—His coming ex- alts a woman—Luke 1: 28. Causes two women to prophesy —Luke 1: 45-48. He is cradled and watched by a woman— Luke 2: 12, 16. Is heralded by a woman—Luke 2: 48-49. Is obedient to a woman—Luke 2: 51. PersonaL THoucHtT.—Like Mary, I need to ponder long and earnestly the meaning of Christ’s coming and my per- sonal responsibility for the fulfilment of His mission. Do I help or hinder? SuGcESTED CHART.—Baptist growth in the United States, 1800, 200,000; 1918, 5,529,578. A parallelogram containing twenty-eight equal squares, each representing 200,000. The center square dark; the others white. Write below—‘God alone giveth the in- crease.” PARALLEL READING.—Southern Baptist Foreign Missions, pages 9-29; Morning Hour of American Baptist Missions, 125-145, 309-410; Western Women in Hastern Lands, 3-19; The Upward Path, Chapters 1, 2 and 7; The Missionary Work of Southern Baptist Convention, Chapter 14; The Home Mission Task, Chapter 7. CHAPTER II. IN THE SHADOW. 1845—1888. In the years since 1830, woman’s thoughts and outlook have changed. The Southern Girl, whom we heard singing so carelessly, has become a wo- man. ‘lime has traced lines of thought which add rather than detract from her fair face. Fierce dis- cussions about the life which seems so beautiful to her have arisen. Since to her this is the land of all others, and the way of life the most desirable, to know that it is called into question raises feelings of resentment. Burdened now with the care of a great planta- tion household, as her mother before her had been, she sees no way to lighten these burdens, no solu- tion to the questions which other parts of the coun- try are beginning to ask. Fastened upon her an- cestors, almost without will of their own, she sees no relief for the situation should it be desired. The world is beginning to change in many ways. Steamboats from experiments have become profit- able means of communication and transportation. Railroads have begun to reach out from the larger cities. Handlooms, of patterns not unlike those of the time of Solomon, are being replaced by ma- Margaret Home, Greenville, S. C. Headquarters W. M. U. Baltimore, Md. W.M. U. Training School, Louisville, Ky. IN ROYAL SERVICE 73 chinery. Those who imagine are asking if there are not yet farther, undreamed reaches before them. Day Dreams.—Changes are coming, too, in the demands for the education of women. Some are beginning to claim that for them also is the wisdom stored in languages long dead, and for them, too, the wonders of science. Her own girls, thinks the woman, should add to all the housewifely lore of their mother and grandmothers these wider realms of knowledge. Tennyson will voice the hope of many another woman when a little later he sings that woman should “Tearn and be All that not harms distinctive womanhood Till at the last she set herself to man Like perfect music unto noble words, Self-reverent each and reverencing each Distinct in individualities.” Upon equal footing she believes they should bless the wider world. Little does she dream of the fiery ordeal of war through which her daughters are to pass, burning up the old way of life and leaving only ashes out of which must slowly grow a new order. The Baptist School Girl—When the day begins to break, be it ever so faintly, many turn to the 74. IN ROYAL SERVICE light, with eyes of hope, though sunrise is yet far away. Who saw the first promise of light is often an unanswerable and fruitless inquiry. So it is with the beginning of higher education for women. It is claimed that Judson College, Marion, Ala., is the oldest Baptist college for girls in the world, and “the oldest college for girls in the South ‘having an unbroken record of work.” Its very name sug- gests the link between education and missions. It was named for Ann Hasseltine Judson, who was called by her husband “that incomparable woman.” Founded in 1838, it began work on January 7, 1839, with nine pupils. But day stood on tip-toe, and the school grew rapidly, meeting with great favor. A missionary society was founded almost as soon as the school, and was called the Ann Hasseltine Missionary Society. From this school and society began at once to flow missionary influences which were felt in churches far and near. In its seventy- five years it has given nine daughters to Foreign Missions and had under its care the daughters of a number of foreign workers. Bessie Tift College, successor to Monroe College, organized in 1847, which followed probably a still older school, Hollins College (1842), Richmond Woman’s College (1854), Greenville College (1854), and a number of later organizations were centers of missionary training. 7 An Endowed Society.—The Missionary Society of Richmond College deserves special mention from IN ROYAL SERVICE 75 the unique fact that it came into existence as an en- dowed organization. A thousand dollars was given it to be in perpetual trust, the interest to be used for the purchase of mission books and magazines. Since the Civil War this fund has been in the hands of the Foreign Mission Board, which pays the in- terest with unfailing regularity. Thus early the wise founder of one society realized, what many have not yet learned, that misisonary fires cannot burn without missionary fuel. This society is ap- propriately named in honor of its founders—the Gwathmey Missionary Society. wThe Lone Star.—While the older states were growing in mission outreach, a lone star was rising in the far Southwest, and forces were gathering which were to culminate in creating the “Empire State” of Texas. Missions in this vast territory link themselves with Marion, Ala., the home of Judson College. “Before 1830 only a few colonies of white people had settled in the country. Texas was under Span- ish rule, and Roman Catholic priests were in posi- tion to forbid Protestant service. Baptist histories record a few Baptist sermons preached during this early period. Only in private homes or secluded places could the people meet for any kind of re- ligious worship. A Woman Who Made History.—‘We hear of prayer meetings held by a few women near Nacog- doches as far back as 1832. Hiding in a thicket, in 76 IN ‘ROYAL SERVICE fear of savage foes, they lifted their hearts to the refuge of the helpless of the earth, and vowed to serve Him in prosperity as well as in adversity. This promise was kept, and cottage prayer meet- ings started in the home of one of the party, Mrs. Massie Millard, and extended to others as the little settlement grew. In 1835 there came to this little town a woman who made history for the Baptist cause, Mrs. Annette Bledsoe, sister of Margaret Lea, who afterward married General Sam Houston. She was very young, just married, with, as she ex- pressed it, a passion for souls. Educated in Marion, Ala., she knew French, and now studied Spanish, as she found she would need it to reach the women and children. The Domestic Board gave her tracts and testaments, and she began, among those ignorant Mexican women, the first women’s mission work in the state. Texas was yet a part of Mexico, so the work had to be done very quietly, and with little outward result for a long time. However, a sunday-school was established, and many Mexi- can women, too timid to brave the storm of oppo- sition that would have followed an open alignment with the Protestant faith, yet turned to the Savior of the world, and whispered the faith of God to their little children. This early society of brave and de- voted women grew to thirty-five, with Mrs. Bledsoe as their leader. After T'exas became a republic, and the Baptist Church at Nacogdoches could meet openly, the work grew faster, and in 1839 we find IN RO NEA Ue SS EEN Ge ive that there were sixty-five women in this society, sewing for the poor, working in the Sunday-school, and holding meetings with the Mexican women. The Door to a Wide Field.—‘‘Soon after this ‘God opened a door to her,’ as she says, and she left Na- cogdoches, and went West and South. Everywhere she found work to do, and did it with her whole heart. At San Filipe she stopped to get literature from the famous first Sunday-school in Texas, and, well supplied by Dr. Pilgrim, went up the Brazos. At Washington the first Baptist church organized in Texas was already more than ten years old, and she joined with the women of that church in ex- tending their work into the outlying districts. There were Catholic churches all round them, and much opposition and persecution; nevertheless, in. 1841, Mrs. Bledsoe was one of the organizers of a second Baptist church in the eastern part of Wash- ington County. This was the church at Independ- ence, and from that time this church became a cen- tral point from which radiated much of the educa- tional and missionary work of the Baptists of the State. The work of the women was always the same—prayer meetings, sewing societies, getting into close touch with new women as they moved into the county, and setting them in turn to work among the Mexicans and Indians. There was a kind of “Book Depository’ at Washington, started by Dr. Z. N. Morrell, and testaments and Baptist literature could be obtained there. ‘There, too, at 78 IN ROYAL SERVICE the old Providence Church, organized in 1829, were many faithful women who were working and pray- ing for the establishment of Baptist schools. In 1841 Mrs. Bledsoe’s sister, Margaret, married Gen- eral Houston, and they with her mother and brother came to Washington County, where they joined with Baylor, Creath, Tryon, Huckins, and the Ger- man Baptists, Wedemeyer, Keifer and Gronds, to- gether with many others, in keeping up a central work at Independence, until the Education Society was formed, the State Convention organized, and Baylor University founded. This was in 1845. The charter granted to Baylor University was granted by the: Republic of Texas. About this time Mrs. Bledsoe lost her husband and returned to her old home in Marion, Ala., for a course of study. A Growing Power.—‘She returned in a year or two, and traveled over a large part of Texas as an independent misisonary worker. She liked to call herself a Sunday-school missionary, and indeed her work remained exclusively among the women and children. She is said to have organized in twenty- five localities during this period. We hear of help provided for young ministers at Baylor University, and of meetings held all over Washington County. She grew in power and influence, and aroused such enthusiasm that it is said the women shouted and the children cried. For years she traveled all over the Union association organizing, encouraging and aiding the work of the women, and in her unselfish IN ROYAL’ SERVICE v9 enthusiasm giving the impetus to that mother asso- ciation that is felt today.” The Southern Baptist Convention.—In the years in which Texas was thus forging its way first to independence and then to statehood in the Union, Baptist hearts were stirred by a sad disagreement. Fighteen-forty-eight, the year which saw ‘Texas come into the Union, saw also the disruption of the Triennial Convention, which for thirty-one years had held the Baptists of the United States together in one missionary body. In these years Southern Baptists had contributed through it $212,000.00 to Foreign Missions. The history of this division has been written else- where, and need not be rehearsed here. Since, how- ever, the Woman’s Missionary Union is a part of the Southern Baptist Convention, and its history is ours, a glance at these days of separation from the old organization and the early growth of the new, cannot be without interest. Clouds had been gathering slowly but surely. In the two previous sessions of the Triennial Conven- tion “slavery and anti-slavery men began to draw off on different sides.” The “noble on both sides endeavored to meet this” by resolutions looking to peace. But it was useless. The breach grew rapidly wider. The result was a desire on the part of both North and South to organize into separate bodies. At the call of the Board of Managers of the Vir- ginia Foreign Missionary Society there assembled 80 : IN; ROYAL SBRVICE, in Augusta, Ga., May 8, 1845, ‘three hundred and twenty-eight delegates from Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Kentucky, and the District of Columbia. New Life from the Old.—Never did the history and purpose of the old Triennial Convention seem dearer. For five days they sat in session. | “Entire unanimity marked all deliberations of the body.” A committee of four prepared an address from the Southern Baptist Convention: “To the Brethren in the United States; to the congregations connected with the _ respective churches; and to all candid men.” A picture of the four chosen for the spokesmen of the Southern point of view has been preserved for us. “Dr. W. B. Johnson was the embodiment of ac- curacy, particularity and courtesy; Dr. T. Curtis was perhaps the most learned and intellectual man of the Convention, being, too, of impartial judg- ment, as an Englishman recently from the shores of his slave-hating country; Dr. Richard Fuller had been an eminent lawyer and was then in the flood- tide of his fame for incomparable eloquence; Dr. C. D. Mallary was pre-eminently the St. John of the Convention, and of the Baptist denomination of the South.” The constitution adopted was in all essential points the same as that under which the old Triennial Convention had worked. ‘The new IN ROYAL SERVICE 81 organization carried on the history and purpose of the old in many ways. A Famous Phrase.—A man and a phrase stand as living links between the organization of 1814 and 1845. The man was William Bullien Johnson, who, as a young man of thirty-two years, bore the long fatigues of the journey from Georgia to be sole representative of that state at the organization of the Triennial Convention in Philadelphia in 1814. He went, however, as president of the Sa- vannah Baptist Foreign Mission Society, for which in 1813 he had written an appeal in which for the first time appears the famous phrase, “a plan by which the energies of the whole Baptist denomi- nation throughout America may be elicited, com- bined, and directed” for the propagation of the gos- pel. This phrase went into the constitution of the Triennial Convention. Year after year Dr. John- son gave himself unreservedly to making it a reality through that Triennial Convention, of which he was the last president from the South, and a worthy successor to Dr. Furman, of South Carolina, its first president. He was the first president of the South- ern Baptist Convention, and he who will may read today his famous phrase, which still stands in the constitution under which we serve. Nor can it die. He who wrote it lived “until eighty winters had spread their silver on his head,” closing in his home in South Carolina in 1862 a life of great service, well done. But the hope expressed in his phrase has 82 IN ROYAL SERVICE not yet been fulfilled. To “elicit, combine, and di- rect” all Southern Baptist men and women for active service for the propagation of the gospel still stands the great, unfinished task of the Convention and the Woman’s Missionary Union. A New Order.—With the withdrawal of Southern Baptists, the old Triennial Convention ceased to exist. The Northern Baptists deemed that their mis- sion work could be carried on more successfully by dividing Home and Foreign Missions. ‘Their work was thereafter conducted under two societies, the American Baptist Home Mission Society, organized in 1832, and the American Baptist Union, organized in 1845. This form of work was continued until 1906, when the societies re-united in the Northern Baptist Convention. While the Northern Baptists thus divided their work for missions in our own and other lands, our Southern Baptist Convention came into being with two boards—a Board of Managers for Foreign Missions, to be located in Richmond, Virginia, and a Board of Domestic Missions, to be located in Marion, Alabama. A Great Harvest.—The seed planted and watered by the Triennial Convention was scattered, not lost. In 1905 a body representing the five million Bap- tists of the United States, together with the Baptists of Canada, was organized, each great body of Bap- tists uniting, working under its own organization, but joined in heart, in purpose, and in prayer for the salvation of the whole world. Farther than IN ROYAL SERVICE 83 this, this great body in the same year united with the Baptists of the world in the Baptist World Alliance. Days of Beginning.—There was no prophet to foresee this day in 1845. With much enthusiasm, however, the Southern Baptist Convention began its work. In this enthusiasm the multiplying wo- man’s missionary societies fully participated. During the thirty-one years of united work, the foreign missions of American Baptists had pros- pered. The report of 1846 showed that they had gathered more than five thousand into their churches on foreign fields, six hundred and four of whom had been baptized the year previous. Re- ceipts were something over a hundred thousand dollars. Since this work had largely centered around the heroic figure of Dr. Judson, it was natural that the greater part of it should be in Burmah. While the Northern Baptists have since added missions in many other lands, Burmah and India have remained their chief mission, in which they have had wonder- ful success. Jehu Lewis Shuck, the beneficiary of the Beulah Society, not only for his education, but for his out- fit, sailed, with his wife, for China, September 22, 1835, to begin Baptist mission work in that great country. They reached Macao just a year later. Mrs. Shuck died in 1844. At the beginning of the Southern Baptist Convention (1845), Mr. Shuck and 84 IN ROYAL SERVICE Mr. Issachar Jacob Roberts, of Tennessee, became our first missionaries, and China our first foreign field. Beginning thus early, this, the greatest mis- sion field of the world, has been the one to which the largest number of our missionaries have been sent, though other countries were soon embraced in our mission endeavor. For these reasons South- ern Baptists, since the dissolution of the Triennial Convention, have not had missions in Burmah or India. A Visit from Judson.—The next year (1846) the new Convention met in Richmond, and Judson was an honored guest. It was his last visit to this country. His wonderful life was nearing its close. He, more than any. other, man, embodied the thought of foreign missions. To think of him was to see behind him the unconverted millions of Bur- mah. ‘The first president of our Foreign Mission Board, the eloquent pulpit orator, Dr. J. B. Jeter, tall and majestic, welcomed him in behalf of the Convention. Higher and higher grew the flights of feeling, more and more tender the expressions of love and esteem until the closing paragraph. “Brother Judson,” he said, “we have marked your labors, have sympathized in your various sufferings, have shed many a tear at the foot of the ‘Hopia- tree, have gone, in fancy, on mournful pilgrimage to the rocky island of St. Helena, have rejoiced in your successes and the successes of your devoted associates, and have long and fervently wished to IN ROYAL SERVICE 85 see your face in the flesh. This privilege we now enjoy. Welcome, twice welcome, are you, my brother, to our city—our churches—our bosoms. I speak as the representative of Southern Bap- tists. We love you for the truth’s sake and for your labors in the cause of Christ. We honor you as the Father of American missions.” Thus passed this great leader whose inspiration lingers. Expansion.—Rapidly our foreign work expanded. We cannot trace it year by year, but in the first eighteen years—1845-1861—twenty-two mission- aries, “most of whom were married,” had gone to China. The Yoruba missions on the west coast of Africa had been opened in 1849 and sixteen mis- sionaries appointed. A mission had been begun in Brazil, but for a number of reasons, given up. Mis- sions in the newly opened country of Japan had been determined upon and four missionaries ap- pointed, two of whom were prevented from going by the Civil War, and two of whom, on their way hither met an unknown death at sea. The Liberian Mission, which had its beginnings in Richmond in 1815, was maintained, having twenty-four stations, 1,200 church members, and seven hundred pupils in school. That the need of maintaining their own missions was calling out larger effort and the work had multiplied by division, is evinced by the fact that in these eighteen years twice as much was 86 IN ROYAL SERVICE; given as in the thirty-one years with the Triennial Convention. Such is the “dry” statement of a period full of tremendous questions at home and full of stories of heroic daring abroad. Some‘glimpses of the lives of the‘heroines of these pioneer times in heathen lands are promised later.: An Experiment.—One daring adventure into a new order of mission endeavor must be mentioned. When Judson was asked if he could use single wo- men in mission work in Burmah he had replied quickly, “Yes, a shipload.” But the shipload had not come. Some single women had asked to be sent, but sternly refused. In effect, they were told, like Carey, “to sit down.” If God wanted them on mission fields He would send them a husband who would take them as helpmates. It was a daring thing for a woman to go alone where all the way was to be made.. But Miss Harriet A. Baker, of Powhatan County, Virginia, dared, and was ap- pointed in 1849. The Board apologetically stated in its next report that “Sister Harriet Baker has gone to this position for the purpose of attempting the establishment of a school for female children. This is an experiment, the beneficial influence of which remains to be tested.” Soon after her arrival Mr. Shuck wrote:- “Our mission passed a resolu- tion authorizing her to commence a female board- ing school on a small scale, but with a view of its gradual enlargement. The general opinion among IN ROYAL SERVICE 87 missionaries seems to be that when a mission has a boarding school for one sex, there should be in the Same mission a similar school for the other sex. This is especially desirable in view of future matri- monial connections.” Before we smile at this frank avowal of matrimonial intentions, we must remem- ber the tragedy, still daily enacted in China, when a Christian girl is compelled to marry into a heathen home, or a Christian man to take a heathen wife. The experiment of sending out a single woman in this particular case did not prove a success. Miss Baker was compelled to return in 1853 on account of ill health, and for some years the Board was op- posed to sending unmarried women. Work at Home.— While the work abroad was ex- panding, the work of the Domestic Mission Board was being carried on among the white people, the negroes and the Indians. Six missionaries were un- der appointment in the second year of the Conven- tion. These six grew into fifty-seven in the next three years. They were doing valiant work in Florida, Texas and Louisiana. One reports himself as the only ordained minister in Florida in an area of four hundred and fifty miles. Five years later (1853) twenty cities, “from Wheeling, W. Va., to Tampa, Fla., and from St. Louis, Mo., to Houston, ‘Texas, were stations of the Home Board. ‘This year the First Church in Washington, which had been helped heretofore, “came off the board.” The missionaries were instructed to constantly, and as 88 IN ROYAL SERVICE far as in their power, to preach to the colored peo- ple, who gave them a most cordial welcome. Among the Indians of Indian Territory, the work was for the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chicasaws and Seminoles, though some of the wild tribes in the western part of the territory heard of “the Jesus road.” Progress and Hope.—Progress and hope were the watchwords both at home and abroad, and hope was uppermost when in 1859 the Convention again met in Richmond to sum up the success of its first fourteen years. The Home Board had its repre- sentatives in every South and Southwestern State, in Indian Territory, and California; the Foreign Board in China and Africa, and was looking to Japan. War? It was impossible. Were we not all brethren? And if it came, it would be a passing cloud. “All the blood could be wiped up with a pocket handkerchief.” Six weeks would more than see the beginning and the end. Then the storm burst. The Baptism of Fire.—The war was to the women of the South a baptism of fire. Left to care for home, children and slaves; to educate, to protect, feed and clothe them; to bear the agonizing sus- pense of delayed news from the front, the long- drawn agony of scant news from the hospital, or the heart-breaking news of death on the battlefield ; to see the supplies grow less; to hear the howling of the hungry wolf drawing nearer and nearer; to IN ROYAL SERVICE 89 look tremblingly into the nameless terror of the future; to stand with her children clinging to her skirts, and see their upturned faces by the light of their blazing home—this was the portion of the women of the Confederacy. How they did their part, how they cheered, comforted and sustained those who went to the front; how their gentle dig- nity held together the social order and protected them when left alone upon the wide plantations; how without murmur they wove and fashioned their rough clothing when all else was gone; how they sent comforts to the front, while they lived on the barest morsel at home; how they never through it all wavered in upholding the standard of truth and honor—is a history which will never be fully written. War and Foreign Missions.—It is no wonder that foreign missions languished as the tide of war rose, and the Southern States were cut off from the world, and shut up to the fiercest struggle of the last century. The contributions, which had been more than $40,000.00 in 1860, dropped to less than nine tnousand in 1863. They rose a little in 1864, Georgia and Virginia, however, giving the greater part. In 1866, a more hopeless year than all that had gone before, the lowest ebb was reached, when less than seven thousand was reported. No new missionaries were sent. ‘Those on the field from whom home support was cut off sustained them- selves and the missions by the most strenuous ex- 90 IN ROYAL SERVICE ertions, working as they could, at any employment that offered itself, in order that the little churches might be held together. Christian Life in Camp.—While foreign missions languished, home missions was doing a wide work among the soldiers. During these years of warfare the Home Board employed one hundred and thirty- seven men as missionaries to the army, while many Baptist ministers were regular chaplains. It has been said that “the world never saw since Apostolic time more general or more powerful re- vivals than those witnessed in the Confederate army.’ “It was estimated that nearly one hundred and fifty thousand men were converted during the progress of the war, and it was believed that fully one-third of the soldiers in the field were praying men and members of some branch of the Christian church.” Inspired by the example of Lee and Jack- son, this Christian work went on unabated through the four years, and in it the missionaries of our Board bore a worthy part. The sign of the Red Cross had not yet risen in mercy over wounded soldiers’ cots. “There was lack of woman’s nursing, there was dearth of woman’s tears.” Many a Southern and many a Northern woman, however, left her home and ministered untiringly IN ROYAL SERVICE a amid the sad sights of the hospitals, and, bending low, caught the last dying message “to mother.” A Mother’s Parting Words.—Deeply touching is the testimony to the piety and Christian appeal of the godly mother, given by the influence of a won- Geamaiieatet, written’) by Dr. . Jeter, called iA Mother’s Parting Words to Her Soldier Boy.” It had wide circulation in the Southern army, and hundreds professed conversion from reading it. Probably never in the history of such literature “has as much been accomplished in so short a period by one tract.” The mother whom this leaflet typi- fied knew how to say to her son “a good word for the, Lord, [esus.’— Training in Service—Burdened with personal griefs and anxieties almost to breaking, the women at home were nevertheless in training for, wider religious services—societies for making ,and’ gath- ering supplies for ‘the soldiers were formed in town and country. Even the school girls took part in the work of mercy. Many others besides the girls of Central Female Society, now Hillman. College, Miss., which did excellent mission work Before the war, now did much to relieve the suffering, 6f the soldiers by making clothing, nursing, scraping lint, writing letters, and reading to the convalescetits. Aided by the women of the town, they' sent ‘boxes of supplies even so far as to the quartermasten at Richmond. | In places which were hospital stations, like Ra- 92 IN ROYAL SERVICE leigh, N. C., the women of the town were organ-' ized into relief associations, and the town dis- tricted into wards from which in turn they visited and carried supplies to the hospitals. ‘There was always a catch at the heart when Sunday morning a messenger would enter the church and, making his way to the pulpit, whisper a moment to the preacher. Then followed the announcement, “A trainload of wounded soldiers has arrived. We will pause while the women withdraw to prepare food and hospital necessities for them.” Quietly every woman left her place, leaving behind only the children and men too old for service. Week by week the women were finding their voices in public prayer, as they met from house to house and poured out their sore hearts in cries for mercy to the God of war. And when it was all over they gathered with tear- dimmed eyes and learned how to work, with one an- other, in their Memorial Associations. Beginning Again.—In 1865 the remnant of men came home. They met desolation and poverty. Closing over them came the years of Reconstruc- tion, as dark as the years that had gone before. Despair might well have been their portion had tney not found the same brave spirited women whom they left behind. Together they faced penury and conquered. ‘There was little to give in those first hard years. In 1867 the foreign mission con- tributions were three times what they were the year IN ROYAL SERVICE 93 before, but only twice in the first fourteen years after the close of the war did they reach the amount they had given in the years preceding it. Home Mission work suffered yet more severely. Lower and lower fell the receipts, less and less grew the number of missionaries until 1876, when fewer mis- sionaries were employed than in many years previous. Reorganizing Societies.—On these dark times be- gan to shimmer the little light which was to grow into the Woman’s Mission Union. The candle lighted in the Lord in the beginning of the cen- tury had never been quenched, only shaded by the dark intervening years. Mission-hearted women gathered again, societies were reorganized, and be- gan work once more. ‘They gave of their pov- erty, the gift that counts. Woman’s Work in Baltimore.—The light flashed up in Baltimore. Woman’s Missionary Societies were no new thing in that city. In 1840 the Female Baptist Missionary Society of Baltimore reported $250.00 to the Maryland Association. In 1855 Dr. Roswell Graves, a young man of only twenty-two, but a graduate physician and one of the first mis- sionaries to combine preaching and healing, went to China, carrying the heart of his mother, Mrs. Ann J. Graves, with him. From that hour she became a living flame for missions. The First Bible Woman.—Cut off by the war from supplies at home, Mr. Graves worked on in 94. IN ROYAL SERVICE Canton. The old paths were not only followed, but another “experiment” was ventured. In 1864 Dr. and Mrs. Graves employed a Bible woman to read and distribute such parts of the word as had been translated into Chinese. : In this they were assisted by an aunt of Dr. Graves, a Methodist lady of Bal- timore. ‘The experiment was a success from the beginning. One woman, it was seen, could be mul- tiplied by others. Womanly, gentle and home- loving to her heart’s core, the misisonary mother foresaw in this departure a way to the heathen home, the citadel of heathenism, and looked for- ward to great things from “the reading of the Bible to women by women.” A Female Missionary Prayer Meeting.—Mrs. Graves, with a few kindred spirits, organized three years later in Baltimore “a female missionary prayer meeting for the support of native Bible- women belonging to the Canton Mission.” Few at- tended and the contributions were small. “Every one in advance of their contemporaries,’ wrote her fellow-worker, Mrs. J. W. N. Williams, “must en- dure some kind of martyrdom,” and Mrs. Graves’ spirit was sorely tried by the coldness and deadness she met. But she was planning better than she knew. An Angelic Face and an Angelic Plea——In May, 1868, the Southern Baptist Convention met in Bal- timore. A woman’s meeting in connection with the Convention was an unheard-of thing. Yet here IN ROYAL SERVICE 95 from all parts of the South were women of influ- ence and deep interest in Christian work. It was an opportunity to touch a wide circle of American women for other women. Mrs. Graves seized it. At her request the ladies in attendance on the Con- vention were asked to meet in the basement of the church. The result was, as far as known, the first geneial meeting of Southern Baptist Women for Missions. Of this meeting one who was present wrote more than forty years later: “A large company came in response to the re- quest of this saintly old lady. I have a very distinct memory of the deep impression produced by the earnest words of Mrs. Graves, dressed in her Quaker-like gray costume, her poke bonnet shad- ing her angelic face. It must have cost her an ef- fort to address the meeting, for women were un- accustomed to such things at that time. She told the ladies that her son said the men could not enter the homes of the women, and begged them to go home to their churches and organize societies to raise money to employ native Bible women. The result was far reaching. Mrs. J. B. Jeter, of Rich- mond, Va., went home and began to write in the Re- ligious Herald and in other papers in the South call- ing on the women everywhere to organize.” Other Women’s Work.—The fire that was being scattered in the South was also kindling hearts in the North. In 1834 an appeal had been made to American women by Dr. David Abell, a mission- 96 IN ROYAL SERVICE ary from China. His appeal, though apparently un- successful, lingered in the heart of Mrs. Doremus, of New York. ‘Twenty-six years later, through her efforts, the Woman’s Union Missionary Society, composed of women of several denominations, was organized. This society, whose work reached out to other cities and states, became the inspiration and model of the great denominational societies which soon commenced their work. It, however, continued the only general society until 1868, when the Congregationalist women organized. They were followed the next year by the Northern Methodists, and in the next by the Northern Presbyterians. In 1871 the Northern Baptist women organized. By the Deacon’s Permission—The wisdom of these organizations was seriously questioned. Dr. Abell’s appeal would have resulted in organization twenty-six years earlier had it not been for the active opposition of the denominational boards. Even when organization was effected opposition re- mained in many quarters. It is related that when the women of a Baptist church in Boston asked the privilege of holding a meeting it was denied. Later when the request was renewed it was granted, with the provision that a deacon be present. But the impulse which was moving the women’s hearts so deeply would not be stilled. The sorrow of heathen womanhood was pressing heavily upon the hearts of American women everywhere. They felt IN ROYAL SERVICE OY within them the power to answer the cry, which God had opened their ears to hear. A Nation-Wide Movement.—After these years it is hard to understand the opposition these organi- zations met from the leader of missions, or to un- derstand the very real fears with which they re- garded the determination of the women to organize societies of their own. This movement, which was one of the most memorable in what has often been called the Woman’s Half Century, was as wide- spread as the nation. It is easy now to say how it should have been encouraged. It is easier, however, to know how everything, from the discovery of America to the setting of an egg on end, should be done, after it is done, than before. As we will see, this opposition was very strong in the South. The impulse moving among Southern women encoun- tered also the depression, sorrow and poverty which followed in the track of devastation left by the war. It is not surprising that this movement advanced slowly in the South. ‘The surprise is that, op- pressed with the hand-to-hand struggle of those early days, it so soon became an active force. The Baltimore Auxiliary, 1869.—The organization of the Woman’s Union Missionary Society of New York was not unnoted in Baltimore. Larger hopes than the missionary prayer meeting could ful- fill were stirring in the heart of Mrs. Graves. Mrs. Williams, who has been already quoted, can best tell the story which, taken in connection with that 98 IN ROYAL SERVICE wide uprising of women for missions, is of no small interest. In 1869 Mrs. Graves invited Miss Britton, of New York, who had recently returned to this country, after six years’ service in the Zenanas, of Calcutta, to Baltimore. She heralded her coming, so that a large audience from the various denominations were present at the first meeting. Miss Britton’s con- versations were thrillingly interesting. Her touch- ing and eloquent appeals to women for the women in India aroused a deep and almost universal in- terestyy, In September, 1870, a number of women, repre- senting the various Christian churches of Balti- more, banded to organize the “Baltimore Auxiliary of the Woman’s Union Missionary Society,” elect- ing Mrs. J. W. N. Williams president and Mrs. Ann J. Graves corresponding secretary, with a number of prominent women as managers. The meetings were well attended. The contributions rose from $600.00 to $1,000.00. Gradually the influence felt in the Union meeting was carried by the women of the different denominations into their own churches. So “this sacred stream flowed on, enrich- ing the churches represented, until nearly all had separate organizations.” Woman’s Mission to Women, October, 1871.— The reflex influence of the Union Society was felt in the Baptist churches, whose members had taken such a prominent part in its organizations. After IN ROYAL SERVICE 99 much consultation a meeting was appointed in the lecture room of the First Baptist Church, and there “came up a great number, almost filling the large room.” ‘This meeting was almost simultaneous with the organization of the Northern Baptist wo- men in April, 1871. From this meeting resulted the Woman’s Mission to Woman, which, however, was not organized until October, 1871. This movement looked not only to enlisting the Baptist women of Baltimore, but to arousing the Baptist women of the South. Of this new society Mrs. Franklin Wil- son was president, the choice naturally falling on Mrs. Graves for corresponding secretary. The First Circular Letter—From its first circu- lar letter, outlining the plan and purpose of the new organization, we give the following paragraph. Here we meet for the first time our long, familiar friends—“two cents a week” and “the mite box’— as well as the “regular meeting for prayer and the dissemination of missionary intelligence.” “We now appeal to the women of our Baptist churches to sustain this mission by their prayers and contributions. It is not intended to interfere with the regular missionary collections, or to solicit aid through public meetings. We have adopted the plan of having mission boxes in our homes, each member being pledged to put in at least two cents every week, if convenient, on a set day, the Sabbath being preferred. Small sums voluntarily and regu- larly contributed are found to be more reliable in 100 IN ROYAL SERVICE providing funds than subscriptions, being of greater benefit to the giver by awakening an interest in the cause and cultivating the ‘grace of giving.’ We suggest the organization of branches in each state, to attend to the business, and misisonary circles in each church or neighboring churches united, to meet regularly for prayer and the dissemination:of mis- sionary intelligence. ‘The co-operation of the dif- ferent branches should be arranged in the simplest form of organization, that each and all may be will- ing to unite with one heart and mind in carrying out the work to the glory of God and the extension of the knowledge of Christ, that through him all the families of the earth may be blessed.” The Flame Spreading in South Carolina.—Simul- taneous with the organization of Woman’s Work for Women in Baltimore was the organization of the Woman’s Missionary Society in Newberry, S. C., October, 1871. Previous to this time Mrs. Graves had corresponded with the pastor, Rev. John Stout, who was ever a warm friend and supporter of woman’s work, and whose enthusiasm led to this organization. As Mrs. Graves, the mother of our missionary in Baltimore, had touched many hearts with missionary fire, so Mrs. C. C. Edwards, the sister of Dr. J. B. Hartwell, was touching many in South Carolina. Mrs. Edwards visited Baltimore in the spring of 1872, and what was more natural than that mother and sister should talk of that near- est their hearts? Returning to Society Hill, Mrs. IN ROYAL SERVICE 101 Edwards carried mite boxes which she distributed among the ladies of Welsh Neck Church, who as an unorganized band used the boxes, forwarding their contents from time to time to Mrs. Graves. A year and a half later Mr. Stout became pastor of Welsh Neck Church, Society Hill, S.C. He went to his new charge with his interest in Woman’s Work unabated. He had hardly been in his new pastorate a month before he called the women to- gether and, in February, 1874, organized a society. “The next month, on being informed by the pastor that there were only four regular organized socie- ties in the state, the ladies present, at the sugges- tion of one of their number, Miss Louisa McIntosh, agreed to write to friends in sister churches throughout the state and induce them to organize.” Mite Boxes in Richmond.—The mite box plan suggested by Mrs. Graves took root in Richmond. In 1872 the Woman’s Missionary Society of Rich- mond was organized to support Miss Edmonia Moon, an older sister of Miss Lottie Moon. The Foreign Mission Board supplied this society, which was composed of members from all the Baptist churches, with four hundred mite boxes, which in the first year returned the goodly sum of $1,200.00. It may be added that in the next ten years the Foreign Mission Board sent out 28,520 mite boxes for the use of women’s societies. _ A Friend at Court.—This year Mrs. Graves attended the Convention in Raleigh, and again 102 IN ROYAL SERVICE spoke to the women. They now had a new friend) at». court. jeln S72 ey AL Lupper succeeded Dr. James B. Taylor, who since the organization of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1845 had been the wise and greatly loved Corre- sponding Secretary of the Foreign Mission Board. In Dr. Tupper’s first report (1872) occurs this refer- ence to woman’s societies: ‘The sisterhood of our Southern Zion,” he writes, “should be aroused to the grand mission of redeeming their sister-woman from the degrading and destroying influence of Paganism.” From this time until 1888 women’s work is never “conspicuous by its absence,” from reports and resolutions, but, on the other hand, more than once had thrust upon it the unenviable emi- nence of being the subject of long and hot debate. Interest in the Bud.—From state to state the in- terest ran. It was evident that leadership was all that was needed to multiply societies rapidly. Should some society or committee in each state take upon itself the work of organizing the women in all the churches, the movement would be won- derfully accelerated. With this belief the Foreign Board in 1874 recommended the appointment of state executive or central committees. The plant has budded. From it will unfold the Woman’s Mis- sionary Union. But slowly. Years stand between bud and flower. | The Organization of South Carolina.—In the be- ginning of the next year South Carolina acted upon IN ROYAL SERVICE 103 _the suggestion. On an eventiul Sabbath morning, January 10, 1875, “a special meeting of the Welsh Neck Society was held after service, to consider a proposition from Dr. Chambliss, chairman of the Executive Committee of the Foreign Mission Board of South Carolina, that they change the object of the collections, the support of Miss Lula Whilden, and thenceforth they be devoted to the building of a house for her, and futhermore, that the society act as a central committee, with Miss M. E. McIntosh as chairman, to arouse an interest in this work among the women of the state and secure contribu- tions. The proposition was assented to unani- mously.” Miss Whilden had gone from South Caro- lina to China in 1872 and, with one exception, was the first unmarried lady missionary sent by our Board to a foreign field. The “experiment,” pro- nounced a failure before, was now to be tried again and prove a wonderful success. In 1876 the ap- pointment of the committee was confirmed by the State Convention. Expansion in Virginia—When Dr. Tupper had placed before the Convention his cherished plan for a central committee in each state, nothing was more natural than that he should turn to the Woman’s Missionary Society of Richmond, which had been doing excellent work for two years, asking them to suggest names for this committee. Mrs. J. B. Jeter, president of Richmond Society, whose pen had already been wielded for woman’s work, was 104. IN ROYAL SERVICE made the chairman of the new committee. Other states, however, were slow to act on the suggestion that committees be appointed. The Centennial Year.—The Centennial year came full of reflections and memorials. . The Centennial Exposition quickened interest in national history; brought to the nation a realization of its powers and revealed to it its place in the world of nations. While the women shared in this larger national out- look, their recognition in the woman’s department and the well-conceived and well-filled Woman's Building were revelations to them, not only of what women were, but what women might do, and marks the beginning of their wider outreach in many de- partments of life. mee The Year in Missions.—In the history we .are tracing, the Centennial year is marked by the fact that the Foreign Mission Board followed its recom-- mendation of 1874 by the appointment of State Ex- ecutive Committees. ‘This step was taken after a report to the Convention, which had a special section on the work of the missionary societies.. A lengthy and favorable report on the same subject was made by a Committee on Woman’s Work. Surely the beginning seemed propitious. That May the socie- ties reported not far from four thousand dollars raised for mission houses, besides, to quote the re- port, having done “nobly for the general work.” » Contrary Winds and Waves.—Of the efforts of some of these early committees no trace remains. IN ROYAL SERVICE 105 Or perhaps in some cases their appointment, as that of many another mission committee since, was never sealed by labor. In other cases they went well for a season until overwhelmed by the contrary winds and waves of adverse opinion. Such was the mis- fortune of the committee in North Carolina, organ- Peaeevoril, 1877. Inthe’ autumn !of!/thel (same year the committee, of which Mrs. J. M. Heck, of Raleigh, was president, proudly reported to the State Convention seventeen societies and more than $300.00 raised. Instead of the approval which they so fondly expected, a very storm of dissention be- tween brethren who favored encouraging women in mission endeavor and those who opposed it, broke out and rose to such height that the little bark, the unwitting cause of the storm, was crip- pled and soon sank from sight. For Our Own Land.—So far only Foreign Mis- sions has been spoken of, but the question rose: What relation shall this new work hold to Home Missions? The first answer was, two committees in each state, one for foreign and one for home mis- sions, to organize separate societies for these two branches of work in the churches. This plan was recommended and tried for several years. In pur- suance of this the Maryland Women’s Home Mis- sion Committee was appointed. ‘“Woman’s Mission to Women” assumed the functions of a committee for foreign missions. ‘These two committees, under changed names, worked in Maryland for many 106 IN ROYAL SERVICE years, even yet maintaining separate officers, though united under a central committee. With this exception, the Home Mission Committees ap- pointed had a short existence and reported little. Theory and Practice—While theory may point out what would be best, practice decides what is most feasible. If without consultation the practice of many be- comes the same, theory is put out of court. Ken- tucky, Georgia, Mississippi and Texas organized in 1878 and 1879. In a few years in all these states, with the exception of Maryland, as well as those previously mentioned, one committee was receiy- ing and encouraging contributions to missions at home as well as abroad. Rough Paths.—It is not to be assumed that any of the young committees were treading smooth paths. Far from it. Everywhere they were hampered by indifference, and “in many cases by the downright opposition of pastors”. Reports of the work sent to the State Convention by Georgia workers was ignored, the Committee on Woman’s Work asking to be discharged without reporting, fearing to tread on ground in such dispute. The pastors in Ken- tucky sat in stony silence when written to, asking for names of women in their churches who would be interested in organizing. Not to be daunted, the postmasters were asked to send names of leading Baptist women. A number of good women were IN ROYAL SERVICE 107 reached through the good offices of these officials. It may be—who knows ?—that they found out those who took a missionary magazine and drew their own conclusions. The Weapon of Ridicule—More than from any other weapon, woman shrinks from ridicule. This keen weapon kills, where hardship and even cruelty strengthens. Its point was now turned on them again and again. Never a society worker escaped a reminder of Mrs. Jelleby in private, while the whole undertaking stood accused of looking to things unwomanly. Well might one in an early report write with deep feeling, “I pray God to enlighten the hearts of our benighted husbands and show them their error.” A Georgia Scene.—Perhaps it was the desire to be enlightened which led to an unusual scene in Georgia. For five years the committee had worked with much opposition and little success, when it de- termined on a courageous stroke. It would call the women to meet at the same time and place as the Convention, which convened that year in Atlanta. “When some of our brethren found it out,” writes the first president, Mrs. Stainback Wilson, “they protested fiercely, but the arrangements were all consummated. With heavy hearts and trembling bodies we entered upon the work of that first gath- ering.” -““The three meetings held during the Con- vention were enjoyed by large audiences of both 108 IN ROVALASERVICE men and women.” Prompted by curiosity, “men uninvited stood all around the walls of the room in wonder and amazement. One prominent deacon of the church declared, “These women are going to break up our churches.’ A minister replied, ‘It would be well if some of them were broken up.’ ” It is hardly necessary to say that this prophecy, which was uttered by many another Jonah of those days, did not come to pass, though from that hour the missionary societies multiplied mightily. Y Carrying the Citadel—Far more fortunate than most was the Missouri committee. For several years opposition to this “new thing” had been growing in the hearts and minds of some of the ministers; con- sequently the contributions of the societies were decreasing instead of advancing... It was then that Mrs. O. P. Moss, the leading spirit, determined to carry the citadel by storm, the better to attack the outlying districts. - A meeting of missionary-hearted women was called to meet at the same time as the Convention of 1886. A memorial was carried to that body, which could not withstand a plea to be allowed to work for the very cause which was their avowed object. Thus the day was won. The woman’s an- nual meeting became a custom never interrupted in all the following years, and the societies tea increased. In the meanwhile, as has been said, every year IN ROYAL SERVICE 109 found Woman’s Work a subject of report and dis- cussion in the Southern Baptist Convention, and soon a committee on this branch of work became a regular feature. There was many a commenda- tory report speaking highly of “our noble sisters,” heard by many with silent disapproval or provoking hot dissention. These reports and discussions show the flowing of the tide, sometimes in directions which are now a matter of surprise. An Old Custom.—Old customs and beliefs are dear to Baptists’ hearts. As representation of socie- ties played an important part in the Triennial Con- vention and in the organization of early State Con- ventions, it occasioned no surprise when in 1875 there were in the Southern Baptist Convention five “brethren” representing Woman’s Work for Wo- men, Baltimore, and the Woman’s Missionary So- gieties of Richmond, Savannah, Atlanta, and Athens, Ga. Indeed it will be seen that for some years this custom was not called into question. But many other rights were debated and many other fears entertained. New Needs and Desires.—The fiery contests reached their climax in 1885. To understand the It is hoped that each State Committee will place in the hands of its societies a sketch of its work from its begin- ning to the present, to supplement the general history of the Union given in this volume. 110 IN ROYAL SERVICE warmth and trend of the discussions which shook this Convention, we must turn to the women them- selves, for we may be sure that neither resolutions nor discussions about them in the last twelve years had gone unheeded. We may be sure, also, that the growing work was creating new needs and desires on the part of the workers. The chief of these was for a conference of all state workers. They justly felt that, working for the same ends in the same way, they were entitled to the sum of wisdom which could be gathered by meeting annually to talk over their work and by an interchange of correspondence throughout the year. The first vague hint of a general woman’s organization came from an early Committee on Woman’s Work, appointed by the Southern Baptist Convention in 1879, which ventured to suggest that the time might have come when it would be well to have a Central Committee of the Central Commit- tees “to combine their efforts, stimulate the work and to give permanent record to their successes.” This was too bold a thought for even the Foreign Board to endorse, so the matter was dropped for several years. ‘The need found a voice four years later (1881), when the Committee on Woman’s Work suggested that the Foreign Mission Board appoint a woman as superintendent of Woman’s Work. Unwilling to take no for an answer, the recommendation was renewed the next year, ex- panded to a superintendent appointed jointly by IN ROYAL SERVICE 111 the Home and Foreign Boards. Again there were no results; still the desire would not down. At the request of some leading women, a resolution was offered in 1884 that the Home Mission Board be authorized to appoint “a competent woman as superintendent of Woman’s Work for Home Mis- sions, whose duty it shall be to visit the various cities in the bounds of the Convention, organize societies where they do not exist, collect and dis- seminate information, and in every way possible stimulate and strengthen the work of women for home missions. A Fiery Debate.—So seemingly an innocent prop- Osition was the signal for a storm. ‘The chief speaker against it said: “I am opposed to the ap- pointment of a woman for this work. The ma- jority of the women of the South are opposed to it. The day is a long way off when our Southern breth- ren will deem it wise. I do believe it is the entering wedge to woman’s rights or platform speaking; therefore I am opposed to it.” A ringing reply came from the other side. “There is a feeling among the women of the South to come up to the help of this work, and the Convention ought to guide and use their rising power.” We want to learn improved methods, and apply these in our churches, and no longer be old fogies. We must not stand here and say our fathers did this way, and we will do so, too. We can organize the ladies without platform speaking, and shall we stand here 112 IN ROYAL SERVICE and not use this force that presents itself to us? I believe it is pre-eminently the wise thing for the Convention to take hold of—but cautiously—this ereat power.” So even the friends of the advance began boldly and ended cautiously. Such inflammable matters must be marked, “Handle with care.” So labeled, it was referred to the Home Board, who took no further action. Commenting on the stir, an editor of the time wrote: “It was claimed that this would lead to the establishment of a separate organization and conduce to woman’s rights. It is far more likely that such an organization will be formed in case this measure is not carried out. They have started in this great work, and no power under heaven can stop them.” Indeed there might soon be reason to fear, as one speaker avowed that if “they did not permit the women to work with them they would work without them.” The Way Out.—lIt is exceedingly interesting to turn from these heated discussions about the women to the women themselves, and see how steadily, though carefully and thoughtfully, they were work- ing out their own problems. Each year found them nearer the solution of the difficult question of work- ing with one another, with the State Conventions and with the Southern Baptist Convention—in har- mony with all and to the advantage of all. The way the wisest brethren could not point out, they IN ROYAL SERVICE 113 found for themselves and learned, as all must, to do by doing. Women at the Convention.—The woman’s meet- ings held by Mrs. Graves during the Convention of 1871 and 1872 had not been continued, but now a new impulse was astir. The Heathen Helper, a monthly, begun in 1882, and published in Louis- ville, Ky., had become the voice of the scattered societies; the workers in the different states were being brought closer together. This was one bond of union; another was the revival of the annual meeting. The women met during the Convention held in Waco, Tex., in 1883. The meeting was pre- sided over by Mrs. Sallie Rochester Ford, of Mis- souri, the accomplished author of “Grace Trueman,” a widely read religious novel, which set forth Baptist doctrines under the pleasing guise of a love-story. Mrs. Martha F. Crawford, who already had thirty- two years of service in China behind her, was pres- ent, and so touched the hearts of her hearers that a collection of $200.00 was quickly raised and given Hers Another Baltimore Gathering.— Next year (1884) the meeting in Baltimore took more definite shape, and is counted the first regular meeting of Southern Baptist Women. It was this spectre which doubtless so aroused the fears and gave point to the prophesies quoted a moment ago. To this meeting the state secretaries had been asked to send formal reports of their work. Some form of organi- 114 IN ROYAL SERVICE zation was in the air. Here, too, were resolves. The woman’s resolution ran: ‘‘Resolved, That the socie- ties here represented make the Union meeting per- manent; to meet annually during the session of the Southern Baptist Convention; the Central Commit- tees of the state in which the Convention is held having charge of the meeting that year.” © Changing the Constitution—The Convention celebrated its fortieth anniversary by returning to Augusta, Ga., the place of its birth. To this Con- vention the State Convention of Arkansas sent two women messengers. It may well be imagined that the presence of these two ladies seemed to the prophets of evil the fulfilling of their word in very truth. To characterize the discussion that followed as “spirited”? leaves a wide margin for further de- scription. It was the mission of these two, little as they anticipated it, to change the Consitution of the Convention. “The word “members” was displaced for the word “brethren,” whereby the membership of women was precluded. Opposing Giants.—The heated state produced by this expulsion of the two Arkansas ladies was not favorable to a calm hearing of the elaborate and laudatory report, and numerous recommendations on Woman’s Work, which the Foreign Board had prepared. In these not only was there no question of the long conceded right of the societies to send men to represent them, but they were to have the right to send a brother of their own state for every hun- IN ROYAL SERVICE 115 dred dollars they contributed to either board. Truly, this would have been the camel’s nose under the tent, little as it was suspected. At the present rate of contributions, the Union would be entitled to nearly 3,000 women-chosen representatives. Even at that time they were giving one-third of all given to foreign missions, and had they exercised their rights would have sent a very respectable minority. Besides this, the Foreign Board still urged two com- mittees in each state, one for home and one fot foreign missions, and that a definite time be set apart in the Convention for hearing the reports of these committees. Yet, though the debate was long and fierce, though the report on Woman’s Work was recom- mitted with “all substitutes and amendments,” the debris of the parliamentary battle fought by oppos- ing giants, it was finally adopted with the closing clause: “Let these moneys be represented in this body by delegates chosen, if they prefer, by the local societies, upon the same basis and conditions speci- fied for all other money reported.” The Georgia Resolution.—In the meanwhile the women, in pursuance of the resolution passed in Baltimore, were holding their annual meeting, over which Mrs. Ford again presided. The Georgia reso- lution formed one of the “exhibits” in the case of the women as presented to the Convention, and is of unusual interest. It, too, indulges in prophecy. “Resolved, second, That as we believe women can- 116 IN ROYAL SERVICE not take exclusive management of a large meeting without becoming public speakers, which we regard as contrary to scriptural teaching; therefore, we request the officers of our committee to invite cer-' tain brethren who are in sympathy with our work: to address the meeting on such topics as shall be selected; that all public speaking be done by. the brethren; that Central Committees and officers rep-: resenting Woman’s Mission to Woman in each state be requested to send one or more delegates of their number with written reports to be read by a lady, if so desired.” It is not surprising that the account of the Au- gusta meeting states that all the ladies read their reports, and that the speaking was entirely confined to men, for who would dare to risk going contrary to Scriptural teaching? The opening sermon had for its very timely text the words, “Let Her Alone.” Soothing Resolutions.—But for all this retiring modesty, more resolutions were passed, for if the women could not even speak among themselves they could hear, and the noise they were creating in the Convention was loud in their ears. They re- solved also that they did not wish a separate and independent organization; that they wished to have representation in the Southern Baptist Convention through their State Conventions, as before. These resolutions were sent to the Convention across the way and should have tended to allay the fears on the two points, which were being so loudly IN ROYAL SERVICE 11” discussed. Even their good friend, Dr. Tupper, had given way to forebodings and gloomily predicted that if the Convention did not take the matter in hand and give these meetings shape they would soon give fixed form to themselves. “And,” he adds darkly, “who shall say that the experience of our Northern brethren may not be our experience at the South. Let us be wise.” ‘The experience of our “Northern brethren,” so direfully forecast for the South, was that the societies would not only raise their own funds, but appoint their own mis- sionaries. Only for Women.—These soothing resolutions, however, were not all. There is something of mild retaliation in one clause of a second set of reso- lutions offered by Mrs. Ford, which resolved that these meetings hereafter “shall be for women only, the committee having the privilege of inviting speakers if so desired.” Very significant of future development is the clause, adding that the arrangement of the annual meeting shall be in the hands of a general com- mittee of one from each state who shall act with the Central Committee of the state in which the Convention meets. An Important Change.—Before we pass from the Convention of 1885 it should be noted that the much amended report on Woman’s Work carried one change which grew out of a real demand and which worked for good in many ways. Central 118 IN ROYAL SERVICE Committees were, as we know, first appointed by the Foreign Mission Board; later a second com- mittee was appointed by the Home Board. These dual committees were still recommended by the Foreign Board. With one exception, the two com- mittees in one state worked confusion. There was now a growing desire that the committees should be appointed, each by its own State Conventions. Though before proposed, it was now passed “that the Central Committees be established and fos- tered by the State Conventions, with the co-opera- tions of the boards of the general convention” —“the funds to be credited to the State Conventions.” This transfer worked for good in every way. It brought all state organizations into closer touch, gave each state full knowledge of all mission con- tributions, while it also recognized the prized doc- trine of religious states’ rights. Under the direc- tions of the State Conventions, naturally, contribu- tions to state missions were sought. Thus it came about that the societies have before them the needs of “Judea, Samaria and the uttermost parts of the earth’—state, home and foreign missions, the first, — in some cases, including a variety of objects. In the general Union, state objects are not, of course, reported. They, however, form an important part of the committees’ endeavors and of their feporte to their respective State Conventions. Testing a Resolution—The much discussed Georgia resolution, that women could not address IN ROYAL SERVICE 119 women ‘without becoming public speakers, a:reso-. lution, in which all the women did not concur, and which had been warmly argued in the gathering and — in the press, was put to trial the next year, when the Convention met in Montgomery. Not only did they lead their own devotional exercises, read poems, reports, papers and stories, but they spoke freely, and apparently fully. Eleven states reported over $20,000. The Convention, unruffled by the woman ques- tion, was so harmonious that special thanks were offered for their unity and brotherly love. The Louisville Meeting.—So, gaining courage, the women gathered in Louisville. In the brief ac- count of this annual meeting, over which Mrs. Ford again presided, appear the names of Miss M. E. Mc- Intosh, of South Carolina (now Mrs. T. P. Bell, of Atlanta), and Miss Annie W. Armstrong, of Balti- more, soon to become familiar to all Southern Bap- tist Women. At this time Miss M. E. McIntosh had been president of the Central Committee of South Carolina for thirteen years, and under her wise management it had become the chief mission contributor among Southern Baptist women. Since 1882 Miss Armstrong had been the able president of the Woman’s Home Mission Society of Mary- land. Representing thus, in a marked way, the interests of both Home and Foreign Missions, knowing the practical needs and possibilities of woman’s societies, wise, conservative, influential 120 IN ROYAL SERVICE ‘and tactful, they brought to the new endeavor a force which could but be felt.. Many had come to the meeting thinking that some permanent form of organization, long hoped for, would be effected. Others, just as conscious of the need, believed that time spent in gaining the consent of all would in the end be doubly saved. All thoughts turned to this outcome through the two sessions, during which reports from twelve states were given. How vital was the interest was shown by the fact that the contributions were $12,- 000.00 larger than the year before, rounding out more than $32,000.00 for foreign, home and state missions. Making Haste Slowly.—At the third session the chief question was put to the test. After special prayer each state was asked for an expression as to organization. Some were for immediate action, some feared so decided a step. Some thought the time had not come. All, says the account, were “more or less favorable.” Miss McIntosh and Miss Armstrong believed that an organization in order to receive the sanc- tion of the Southern Baptist Convention and be in good standing among its constituency ought to be effected by duly accredited delegates from each state. ‘This opinion finally prevailed and the reso- lutions which were to shape the future of woman’s work were “adopted amid much rejoicing.” IN ROYAL SERVICE 121 These famous resolutions, preserved in Miss Mc- Intosh’s’ ‘handwriting, are well worth a careful reading: 1%/Resolved, That a committee be appointed to request Central Committees of the several states, each to appoint three lady delegates, to meet dur- ing the next session of the Southern Baptist Con- vention, to decide upon the advisability of organiz- ing a general committee; and if advisable, to pro- vide for the ‘appointment, location and duties thereof. 2. Resolved, That the above is not to be con- strued as a desire, upon the part of the ladies, to interfere with the management of the existing Boards of the Convention, either in the appoint- ment of missionaries, or the direction of mission work; but as a desire, on their part, to be more effi- cient in collecting money and disseminating in- formation on mission subjects. 3. Resolved, That in order to provide for our next meeting, a committee, composed of the secretaries of the Central Committees of the various states, be appointed to confer with the Central Committee of the state in which the Convention shall be held (Virginia) to select a presiding officer and secre- tary, and to arrange a programme of exercises for said meeting. “Ruth Alleyn” and “Sarah Dobbins.”—Miss Mc- Intosh was appointed to carry out the first reso- lution, and the carefully preserved and now yellow- 122 IN ROYAL’ SERVICE ing correspondence which ensued with the differ- ent state committees give us a clear insight into the ways of thinking twenty-six years ago. Hopes and fears alternated. All were timid. All saw the need. Miss Alice Armstrong, the sister of Miss Annie W. Armstrong, whose accomplished pen was unstintingly put at the service of the new hope and later did not lag in furthering the Union, under the pseudonym of “Ruth Alleyn,” wrote tellingly in the denominational papers. “Mrs. Sarah Dobbins,” also of facile pen, appears, halting between two opinions—“is in favor of organization when she reads one side and opposed when she reads the other,’ and since now the time has come for de- cision, being not for it, counts against it. Not only “contributions” but editorials again ring with the question which has in the past fifteen years covered so many columns. Virginia Troubles—The Central Committee of Virginia, on whom the duty of hostess had been thrust, was in sore trouble. Only that year its own State Convention, after its years of successful work, had advised the societies not to correspond with it on the ground that it would lead them away from allegiance to the individual churches. They were glad to open their homes and hearts, but they could have nothing to do with the organization, should it be effected, until their own troubles are adjusted. Made timid by criticism, they favored the Georgia resolutions, and a programme, in which all the ad- IN ROYAL SERVICE 123 dresses and even the desires of the Central Com- mittees are voiced by gentlemen speakers, the wom- en sitting silent while they are told what they think. The Silent Committees——North Carolina’s new committee, now two years old, cannot send dele- gates, but may send some to look on. The State Mission Board, under which it holds appointment, fears the decision will be for organization, and if the representatives of the Central Committee, though voting against it, are overruled, they will be committed to the will of the majority. Mississippi delegates must also be lookers-on for the same reason. To find a presiding officer becomes a difficult task, and little wonder when many eyes will be turned upon her, many of them eager to spy out faults. Unseen Help.—These things are in the open eyes of all. Hidden away from sight are praying hearts. Some have been praying for years. Many more unite in a day of prayer. They put it in the hands of God, and working as if all depended on them and praying as if all depended on God, they await the coming of the meeting in May. FOR THE MISSION STUDY CLASS. AIM.—To impress the presence and power of God in time of trouble; to show the participation of Southern Baptist women in God’s nation-wide call to women for missions and how the organizations of Societies and State Central Com- mittees led to the organization of the Union. BrstE Reapine.—Christ’s Mission to Women. Study 2. Lo Heal in Sickness and Sin:—Brings joy into a home by 124 IN ROYAL SERVICE healing a woman—Mark 1: 29. Heals a woman the doctors. — cannot cure—Mark 5: 25. Blesses a church-going woman— Luke 13: 10-18. At the touch of faith heals the timid woman —Luke 8: 47-48. Forgiving a sinful woman—Luke 7: 46-47. Tells great truths to a repentant sinner—John 4: 24-26. PERSONAL THOUGHTS.—The revelation of great truths lays on us the responsibility of communicating them. If no Christian in the world made more sacrifices than I do, how much would the kingdom of God advance in the next fifty years? SUGGESTED CHART.—The Widening Circle—1871-1913. tist Missionary party was notable. Beside the sis- ters, it consisted of Dr. R. H. Graves, whose mother, Mrs. Anna Graves, had the year before called the women of the South to “Woman’s Work for Wo- men,” and who was already a veteran, having gone to South China in 1856; Mrs. Jane Norris Graves, and Mr. N. B. Williams, all for South China. For Shantung there were the veteran Dr. J. B. Hartwell, returning after twenty-four years of service; his children, among whom was little Anna, returning to the land of their birth, where their mother lay buried; Mrs. Julia Jewett Hartwell and Miss Ed- monia Moon. At the Foot of the White Cloud Mountains. Mission work had changed in Canton since 1844, when Mr. Shuck and his faithful Henrietta had re- joiced that at last, after nine years of waiting at Singapore, Macao and Hong Kong, they could enter this great Chinese city, one of the five treaty points just opened. In these years the missionary graves had been growing. Many a missionary and mission- 256 IN ROYAI, SERVICE ary’s wife had come to lay down the burden of life by the side of Henrietta Shuck. We can well imagine the loving pilgrimage of the sisters to French Island, where their mother lay, and the tear- dimmed eyes with which they read the epitaph chosen by those who loved her well—“For me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.” The Growing Mission.—These graves of the mis- sionaries were the mile-stones of the church. The First Baptist Church in Canton had grown. Organ- ized by Mr. Shuck in 1845, it had increased through twenty-seven years of arduous work by Dr. Graves, Dr. Simmons and others, to a hundred and twenty members. ‘Trials had not weakened, but strength- ened the Christians, among whom there were some notable characters. Since the beginning of the mis- sion the Opium War, the Tai Ping Rebellion and the Civil War in America had occurred, the first two falling hard upon the Chinese and the mission- aries, the last throwing on the latter the support of themselves and the mission. In the very midst of the Civil War a great typhoon had swept over the city, killing ten thousand Chinese and Mr. Gaillard, a most successful missionary. The church in Can- ton, closely knit together by suffering, did not rep- resent all the work. Though residence in the coun- try was forbidden, the nearby towns had been visited and tracts distributed. Besides this, Dr. Graves, one of the earliest missionaries to combine medicine and missions, had in one year treated more ING ROVYARY SERVICE 257 than five thousand patients. It was little wonder that the influence of the mission was spreading. Ten Years of Service.—Into this growing work the new missionaries threw themselves with en- thusiastic ardor. To the grief of her sister, Mrs. Williams’ health soon failed and shé and her hus- band were forced to return to America. Miss Whil- den drew ever nearer to the Chinese women in sym- pathy and understanding. With Mrs. Graves, she taught the girls and the Chinese women. ‘The more neglected, the greater was her love. Canton is re- markable for the thousands who live in boats, thous- ands knowing no other home than a narrow river boat, hardly larger than a large rowboat, in which they live year aiter year. The lot of the women among these boat dwellers is indeed forlorn. In some way she reached them. Soon it became a say- ing among them that she worked not merely from duty, but for love of them, Love carried her far beyond her strength. She had not much money to give, but physical want appealed to her as well as spiritual poverty. She gave until sometimes it seemed that she hardly left herself the necessities of life. The result was that the women told her their very heart life. She had won the Chinese heart. She was doing a great work among the women and girls of Canton. At Home.—Ten years of interesting, joyful work went by, and the time came for a visit home. Her heart throbbed with yearning to tell others of the 258 IN ROYAL SERVICE China she loved. She hastened to Greenville, where the Convention was in session. After she had told her story to all there who would listen she would rest. But it was not so. Requests came from the missionary societies for talks. She went, “feeling,” as she afterwards said, that “through these talks a deeper interest in China would be awakened and more constant, fervent prayers would be offered for its perishing millions. I held seventy-one mission- ary meetings during the first year, with only two months) of entire’ ‘rest.’ The: south’ }Carolina women had sent her as their missionary, and she as their substitute must report to as many as possi- ble. The result is not hard to guess. Instead of returning in a year and a half, as she had expected, she was an invalid at home for years. ‘The moral writes itself for those societies who must have a “real, live missionary” at their meeting, and some- times get one more dead than alive. Heathen in America—For Miss Whilden there followed weeks, months, and even years of weak- ness, weariness and pain with the ever-present heartache for China. In 1886, after three years, she turned with the little strength she had gained to the heathen in America, for she had discovered that there were three hundred Chinamen in Baltimore. She found men growing old in heathenism in Chris- tian America. She became a well-known figure as she passed from laundry to laundry, telling of Christ. She started a Sunday-school and Monday TING ROVAL) SERVICE 259 afternoon class. No one had taken the message to them, though they had been in this Christian land for years. Work for the Home Workers.—It was hard work, more difficult in some respects than among the heathen women and children of China. It was made more difficult by the fact that they had been so long neglected. “Iam trying faithfully to lead these souls to Jesus,” she wrote, “but who can blame me that ever and anon there comes into my heart a deep and irrepressible longing to be once more among the heathen women and children of China, to leave the home work for home workers and go far hence to the heathen, where the souls of unsaved are many and the messengers of salvation so sadly few?” At last her longing was fulfilled. Leaving to the churches of Baltimore the work she had begun among the Chinese, as a trust, to which they have ever since been faithful, she hastened again to China. The membership was now more than four times as large as when she first reached Canton. But five hundred were very few among so many. Her heart longed for others. The Blind Singing Girls——There were some lower than the boat women. They were the blind singing girls In 1892 a wee blind child of four years was given her. At two years of age Number Six had been sold as Number Four, and Number Five had been sold before her, by their father to obtain more money with which to gamble. In two years Num- 260 IN ROYAL) SERVICE ber Six became blind and was returned by her pur-— chaser as a useless expense. Knowing the fate that awaited her if she was sold by her merciless father to be raised as a blind singing girl, Miss Whilden prayed that she might be given her. The father hesitated. He might sell her for a few dollars. She was only a girl. It mattered little what be- came of her. But prayer prevailed, and the coveted gift was brought to Miss Whilden. In six yeardg she had gathered and was caring for six of these poor girls at her own expense. The Blind Girls’ Fate—‘‘Who are these blind singing girls, so seldom heard of, and so rarely seen except by the missionary and other foreigners pass- ing through the streets of Canton at night,” wrote Miss Whilden, pleading that others might be saved. “Not even the miserable beggar with his uncombed hair, filthy tattered garments, hollow eyes and ema- ciated frame, is deserving of so much pity, though at first glance he awakens more. .They are the miserable outcasts from society, and yet they have become so from no fault or through no wish of their own.” ‘They are taught to sing, their faces are painted and powdered. Handsomely dressed, with guitar in hand, they are taken into the streets at night. In the morning they return “to their owner’s house, and the master receives the money secured at such terrible cost.” Little Dog.—This is the story of Little Dog, whom Miss Whilden rescued. “It wasn’t a dog at IN CROYAM SERVICE 261 all. It was the name the blind, eight-year-old girl Peaveceacrner own.’ Shevhad been) cast) into: the _ streets by her grandmother at one time, and some- how passed into the hands of those who proposed to raise her for a life of shame. She was sold and resold. “She was housed and usually fed. Some- times her rice was withheld as a punishment. Some- times lighted sticks, burned to a redhot coal, were applied to her body.” Miss Whilden bought her for $10. She was called Little Dog no more, but Yan Teen, Grace and Pity. For such girls as Little Dog she pled, and still pleads, with the women at home. Only twenty- five dollars a year will feed and clothe one and pre- pare her for partial, if not full, self-support. Jewels for Her Master.—Year by year she has grown in power with the women in and around Canton. ‘Times came when she must rest, but she never gave up her work. China was written on her heart for life or death. Plagues, riots, floods could not change her devotion. It would be impossible to follow her labors year by year. ‘Today she is the veteran missionary in Canton. In the forty years since she first went out, she has seen the one South China Station grow from one hundred and twenty to five and a half thousand, who, through a wide section are holding high the cause of Christ. She is working in China’s new day. Christianity is known by thousands all over Southern China. Knowledge 262 IN’) ROYAL MSERV ICE in many Chinese minds waits the living touch of personal belief. “Her faith,’ writes one who knows her well, “is of that simple and childlike kind that makes the words ‘the heavenly Father,’ which are frequently on her lips, expressive of a relation as close and as tender, yea, far more so, than that which exists be- tween parents and children in this world. And Heaven has never been so far that she could not talk with ‘the Father’ even as a little child with an earthly parent. “If one were seeking a characterization of Miss Whilden he would not go far astray in saying that she is the embodiment of the love of Christ for human souls. Many a jewel will shine in her crown, which she will think she does not deserve and will cast at the feet of her Master.” Lottie Moon, Forty Years Missionary to North China. 1873—1912. The Star Pupil—Never was the promise of a brilliant youth better fulfilled than by Lottie Moon, the star pupil of Albemarle Institute, Charlottes- ville, Va., who was born at Viewmont, Albemarle County, December 12, 1840. : The demand for higher education for women which spread over the United States from 1835 to IN ROYAL SERVICE 263 1850 resulted in a number of schools with soaring ambitions. Albemarle College came into existence with the avowed purpose of giving to the girls all the opportunities given to young men in the Uni- versity of Virginia. Such men as C. H. Toy and Herburt Harris were among its early professors. Lottie Moon’s home was not far away and, re- sponding to the rich promises of the new school, she came to it from Hollins Institute in 1857. Besides leading in mathematics and science, she was a re- markable linguist. She learned Latin, Greek, French, Italian and Spanish. Later she is said to have acquired Hebrew. Dr. John A. Broadus pro- nounced her the best educated woman in Virginia. Under the Haystack—Her school-mates have preserved for us some record of her school days. One writes: “It was my privilege to associate with Miss Lottie Moon in the Albermarle Female Institute at Charlottesville, Virginia, from 1857 to 1860. We were classmates in Latin and Greek, and often prepared our recitations together. She was not a Christian during a part of that time, and there were no religious talks between us, though she was always courteous and kind. Her country home was not far from Charlottesville, and sometimes the old family carriage would be sent that she and her cousin might spend the week-end with the home folks. On one Monday morning after her return from such a visit, we were busy translating a Greek play, when she said, ‘Julia, I was in better business 264. IN ROYAL SERVICE than this yesterday’ (Sunday). ‘Lottie,’ I said, ‘what were you doing?’ Her reply was, ‘Lying ona hay rick, reading Shakespeare.’ The Sunrise Prayer Meeting.—“Sometime later some of the Institute girls who attended a sunrise prayer meeting reported a strange ‘occurrence. Lottie Moon was there, and had been seen talking with Dr. Broadus. Very soon after this she pre- sented herself for church membership. She at once took a decided stand for Christ. A few days later I attended a prayer meeting conducted by Lottie in a private room. She read and helpfully ex- pounded the twelfth chapter of Romans.” “She was then,” says another, “petite in figure, with a gentle, cheery voice, and with a merry twin- kle in her eye. She was a leader of girls’ prayer meetings and other Christian work. It is hard to believe that she had been worldly and irreligious. She was a favorite with the students and the faculty for her love of learning.” The Change of Plans.—Her education was hardly completed before the war changed the old ways of life. She went to Cartersville, Ga., and there opened a large school for girls in connection with Miss Sanford, a Presbyterian lady. A wide oppor- tunity for usefulness was open to her, but a broader field was yet before her. Missions had touched her life closely. Her uncle, James Barclay, had been for years a missionary in Jerusalem, and her older sister, Orne, who is thought te have been the first INV ROYAL SERVICE 265 Southern woman to graduate in medicine, had gone out to help him in his work. Later she and her husband, Dr. J. S. Andrews, were both surgeons in the Confederate army. Her younger sister, Ed- monia, had offered herself for missions in China. Then the question came to her own life. Her pastor Precenedy irom) the, textiy {Bray ye, therefore,)the Lord of the Harvest that he send forth laborers into the harvest.” The result was that both she and Miss Sanford gave up the school and went to China. They sailed together, Miss Sanford going out under the Presbyterian Board. The lifelong friendship of these two was a bright spot in the life of both. Reaching the Chinese Heart.—In 1872 she joined the North China mission, to which Miss Edmonia had gone the year before. Mrs. Crawford and Mrs. Holmes were ready to instruct the new mission- aries, and\all promised well until the early break- down of Miss Edmonia. Miss Lottie returned with her to America, but as soon as she was sufficiently improved returned to Tengchow. She quickly mas- tered the Chinese, and became wonderfully expert in its use. Her influence continually widened. After some years (1885) she removed to Pingtu, where she met a wonderfully cordial welcome, which gave promise of the large work since accomplished. It was for this field that she made the urgent appeal which resulted in the establishment, by the Union of the Christmas offering. “Here her time 266 IN ROYAL SERVICE was so taken by men coming from the country to talk with her that all aggressive city work was neces- sarily given up.” In 1895, the year of the Chinese- Japanese war, Miss Moon was living in Teng Chow. The missionaries were ordered by the United States consul to leave the city. Miss Moon, returning from a country trip, was met by hundreds of flying refu- gees. She was urged to leave. Fear had no place in her nature, and she refused. The city was bom- barded, a part of her house being carried away. Dr. Hartwell returned after an absence of four months, and the church bell rang a daily invitation to the excited people. They flocked around Miss Moon and Dr. Hartwell for protection. At the close of the war she said she had reached the Chinese heart. They looked upon her as a friend willing to share with them both life and death. Her Influence.—Knowing the work so intimately, the Board prized and relied on her judgment. She was the counsellor and friend of all the younger missionaries. She was reverenced by the Chinese Christians and loved by heathen as well as Chris- tians. The school under her care grew, and younger women came to help her. Her visits to the, country were only limited by time and strength. Women came many miles on their bound feet to have her counsel. Her influence spread over a wide section of country. UN ROY ALI SERVICE 267 On the Battle Field—Revolution came to China. Miss Moon was now nearing seventy. She was as fearless as ever. Dr. Ayers returned to Hwanghein, the scene of fierce rioting, after releasing the consul at Chefoo from all responsibility. for his safety. There he found Miss Moon, who had come fifty miles from her home in Tengchow, going quietly to and fro among the Christians, quieting them: in their time of distress. One of her last letters home told of visiting a battle field to minister to the wounded soldiers. A Happy Picture—We love to linger on a brighter picture given in what was perhaps her last letter. “My work is now largely in girls’ day schools,” she writes. “You can hardly know few Oy wy takeriniat, )j 1t)1s\ only} off recent years that Chinese girls have begun to learn and that their parents have wished them to be educated. My pet schools are on my home place. The girls are gentle, obedient and very lovable. I so enjoy watch- ing them play during recess. They have free access to my front porch and front yard. That they tram- ple down the grass in their play seems a small matter when I see them lively, bright and health- ful. They play with the heartiest delight, and my presence does not hinder this in the least. I think they enjoy my watching and smiling at their ways.” Through Cloud to Glory.—The end, however, was approaching and she entered glory through a cloud. Famine fell upon the land. She gave her- 268 IN ROYAL SERVICE self to ministering to the relief of the sufferers. The heart-rending sufferings of the people preyed upon her over-taxed strength. She would not allow her- self sufficient food, that others might be fed. In her sad thoughts mingled the often heard famine cry from home, not for want of those wishing to go, but for want of money which would allow them to go. The need of the people around her and the indebtedness of the Board weighed unceasingly upon her. At last, a few months before the end, her bright spirit was darkened and she sank into a state of melancholy, refusing to eat lest she would further impoverish her people or her Board. The thought strikes deep at the conscience of the care- less at home. Thinking that a journey to America might lead to improvement, she was carried on board ship in the loving charge of a missionary appointed to minister to her. She died on the steamer Manchuria December 24, 1912, while it was in port at Kobe, Japan. Her remains were brought to America and lie buried beside her much-loved brother, Isaac A. Moon, in the quiet cemetery of Crewe, Va. A truly great woman had passed from earth to Heaven. Not only to the Chinese, but to many a woman in the home land, her life has been an in- spiration and a rich blessing. IN ROYAL SERVICE 269 Mary Caufield Ried. A Life for Africa. 1857—-1858. Orange Blossoms.—It is not without reason that a short service 1s chosen to represent the early days of our mission on the west coast of Africa. The African mission, growing out of the African society begun in Richmond in 1815, and taken over by the Southern Baptist Convention at its organization, had claimed its victims year by year. Notwithstand- ing this, Mary Caufield wanted to go. She had been reared a Catholic, and on joining the Baptist Church, had been disinherited by her parents. But she was not left friendless. Dr. H. A. Tupper, after- wards the secretary of the Foreign Missionary Board, then pastor of the church at Washington, Ga., took her into his home and gave her the love and protection of a father. Single women missionaries were almost unknown and her application to go out as an unmarried wo- man was rejected. When she became engaged to Rev. T. A. Ried, who was going to Africa, the busy fingers of the women of the congregation flew fast as they gathered in the afternoons to prepare her trousseau. At the home of her adopted father the bountiful wedding feast was spread, and a host of friends gathered to say farewell to the sweet young 270 IN ROYAL SERVICE bride, who looked so fair and girlish in her veil and orange blossoms. This was in 1857. A Coffin.—The scene changes. Little more than a year had passed. A grief-stricken man is making a coffin. In a year from their landing Mary Ried had contracted the fatal African fever and was dead. The grave was made in the compound near the mis- sion chapel. Amid the lamentations of the native Christians she was laid away in the coffin made by her husband’s hands. Over the lowly mound seemed to echo her last words, “Though he slay me, yet will I trust him.” Susan Spotswood Taylor, Missionary to Italy. 1873—1884. Where the Tide Comes In.—Again our story brings us within the sound of the ocean, where the tide water ebbs and flows in the broad, deep Matta- poni, Pamunkey and other famous rivers. To this section came the early English settlers, and here the customs and culture of the old world soon planted themselves in the new. Here rose the roomy houses built of bricks brought from England, here was formed the future government of Virginia. In this section, pronounced by John Smith, who had wan- dered far before he reached this land of promise, the most beautiful he had seen, Susan Spotswood IN ROYAL SERVICE e711 Braxton was born. Her great-grandfather had been Carter Braxton, “the Signer.” Her mother had begun life as a loyal Episco- palian. The Baptists were rapidly gaining ground, and controversy held an important place in church life. Her Episcopalian pastor thought it wise to answer the Baptist arguments, and preached a ser- mon on infant baptism. He made a convert, but it was to the Baptist church which Mrs. Braxton joined soon after. The Beautiful Sisters—Her family grew up among the Baptists of Bruington Church, whose early and continued missionary zeal has been re- corded. Here the beautiful sisters, Sallie and Susan Braxton, came in the old family coach. Here, too, their entrance was watched by more than one. Long years afterward one who had seen many beau- tiful women recalled, as one of the joys of his youth, the entrance of these sisters, making a vision of loveliness as they came down the aisle between the | high-backed pews. “It is a family tradition that J. G. Oncken, the pioneer Baptist of Germany in modern days, said that the most beautiful woman he saw in America was Sallie Braxton.” It was not until the family removed to Fredericks- burg that the sisters united with the Baptist church. One can well imagine the scene between the steep banks of Rappahannock; the river running deep and strong; the company on its bank; the songs floating up and over the hills; the beautiful young 202 IN ROYAL SERVICE women entering the water; the blue sky over-arch- ing all as it had over-arched a baptismal scene long ago in Palestine. The Pastor’s Wife.—Susan soon married George Braxton ‘Taylor, ' the) son ot) Dro eeBiLaylor, for many years the Corresponding Secretary of our Foreign Missionary Board, and the accomplished young preacher and author, whose stories of the early Baptists of Virginia have been the delight of many a young Baptist. “During the first fifteen years of her married life, in Staunton and at the University of Virginia, Mrs. Taylor was greatly loved and admired by the people of her husband’s congregations. Her gentleness, her beauty, her vi- vacity, her keen but kindly sense of humor, which made her hearers enjoy all the fun of the occasion without any of the heartaches or inconveniences of the situation, her ready and helpful sympathy won her a host of lifelong friends.” Italy in 1873.—Great hopes for the establishment of Protestantism in Italy were abroad in 1870. The thirty years’ struggle for the freedom and unity of Italy had been won. Rome, the last stronghold of the temporal power of the Pope, had fallen before the victorious arms of Victor Emanuel and Gari- baldi. What more natural than to believe that the handcart full of the before prohibited Bibles, pushed through the gates of the Eternal City in the wake of the conquering army, was the beginning of the speedy downfall of the spiritual kingdom which IN ROYAL. SERVICE 2713 denied them to the people. Southern Baptist mis- sions were begun that year. By 1873 the sober realities of the work had come to take the place of the over-sanguine hopes of the first years in which false steps, which must be carefully retraced, had been taken. As one would seek a loyal ambassador to an earthly court, the Foreign Mission Board sought a missionary to Rome. Its choice fell on Dr. and Mrs. Taylor. With a brave and cheerful spirit she met all the trials and emergencies incident to moving, with four small children, one an infant in arms, from Virginia to Italy. In all the anxieties and burdens that Dr. Taylor had to meet in those early days in Rome, when there was a foreign lan- guage to be learned, when the meagre and pre- carious income from the Board necessitated small and often, irregular remittances, when perplexing problems in the administration of the work pre- sented themselves, he found in his wife a patient, wise, helpful, cheerful helper. “She had,” said her husband long after, “such a brave way of makirg things ‘do.’” She soon became at home with the soft-flowing Italian speech and gathered around her the women of the Roman Church. The Sunday School.—Her Sunday-school class was an important feature of the church. It was a great event in the neighborhood, which brought out many respectful gazers, when the donkey-cart, bringing the grandchildren of Garibaldi, the national a4. IN ROYAL SERVICE hero, to her Sunday-school class, which they at- tended for awhile, turned into the narrow street on which the church stood. Mrs. Taylor’s woman’s meetings recall the wise remark of Jane Addams, the successful Social Set- tlement worker, that foreign missionaries have al- ways been settlement workers. Sympathy with physical needs has opened their way to minister to spiritual ones. To the woman’s meeting, under her direct management, came the women from the poor and cheerless home of the Borgo, a section of the city almost under the shadow of the Vatican’ palace. They were helped and instructed in the work of making garments, the material being fur- nished to them at wholesale prices. As the needles flew, the Bible was read and explained, and after the work was folded away devotional exercises were held. Her Home.—In the midst of Rome, the home over which she presided, was a bright spot not only to her own family, whom she felt to be her first care, but to many American travelers of our own and other denominations who yearly visited her, the pleasant but often arduous duty of hostess and friend making large demands upon her scanty strength. “With wonderful love and loyalty, Mrs. Taylor ministered to her husband’s oft infirmities, so that he was equal to many a public duty that otherwise would have been impossible.” Whatever she did she did well, and one who knew her inti- IN ROYAL SERVICE 275 mately pronounced her “efficient in every good work.” The Place of Rest.—So came the March of 1884. As was her invariable habit, she welcomed her Sun- day-school, with her bright, cheery smile. The same week she was borne to her last resting place in the shadow of the pyramid of Caius Cestus. “Friends of many nations and creeds, and of no creed vied with one another in kindness.” She was the friend of all and all felt her death, tragic in its suddenness. A fellow-missionary said, “It will never be known till the great day what burdens she has borne and what sacrifices she has made.” A little child of Rome wrote, “She was the best friend we had. We can never forget her.” She lies in one of the most beautiful of all ‘“God’s Acres,” surrounded by many worthy men and wo- men of various protestant lands. Here each year many thousands come to visit the graves of Keats and Shelley. Her grave is not forgotten. Years afterwards when bent with age her husband was en- treated to end his days in America; but he returned to Italy so that when he was called from service to glory he might lie by her side. Here come her daughters, Mrs. D. G. Whitting- hill and Miss Mary Argyle Taylor, one the wife of the president of the Baptist Theological Seminary in Rome, and the other a gifted writer, whose sym- pathy and help are freely given to the church which, though still small, is ever throwing a wider circle 276 IN ROYAL SERVICE of light on the superstition around it. Here turn the thoughts of her sons, Dr. Spotswood Taylor and Dr. George Braxton Taylor, who was the organizer of the Sunbeams. Here the spirit of peace rests over the graves of their parents united in life and death. Anita J. Maberry, Missionary to Mexico. Mexican Missionary.—Mexico, “our next-door neighbor,” long kept her door barred against mis- sions. As in Italy, the first Bibles came in with an army. Forty years afterward our missionary found several widely scattered copies of the “Living Word” distributed by the colporters of the Ameri- can Bible Society, who came with the American army in 184%. They had not failed to give life, for in every case one or more persons were baptized as a result of their silent but powerful influence. Other Bibles were sent over the border. In 1864 James Hickey, a Baptist minister, after great persecution, organized the first evangelical church in Mexico. From that day the mission work grew slowly, its forward steps marked by private and public perse- cution. It was only two years after Southern Bap- tists formally opened work in Mexico (1880) that two sisters, Mrs. W. D. Powell and Anita J. Ma- berry, came to Mexico and began life in the beau- tiful city of Saltillo. The first missionary, T. M. IN ROYAL SERVICE QU? Westrup, while visiting the five or six little Bap- tist churches which had sprung up from the scat- tered seed, had been murdered by a band of In- dians and Mexicans in 1880. The prospect was not inviting except for its needs. Dr. Powell, knowing something of the language, began preaching in the city and country, while the sisters tried to make friends with the women and induce them to send their daughters to school. Welcome came slowly, but Miss Maberry smiled her way into their hearts. Doing As Rome Does.—Volumes might be writ- ten on the art of approach. This she understood to a remarkable extent. She liked Mexican food; she frequently wore the graceful Mexican reboso; she entered into the heartiest sympathy with Mexi- can character and life. Where a custom was good she hastened to adopt it, even if it was not “as they did at home.” She was so kindly, so gracious, so optimistic, so ready with a cheery word that she was irresistible. It might have been safe, but it was not prudent, to go alone into the streets, since by so doing she would offend established custom. So, properly chaperoned, according to Mexican ways, she lengthened her calling list. She had many friends among the Catholics. Though her Bible was a part of her calling outfit, she knew how to win a hearing for it by first winning a welcome for herself. It was natural that rich and poor alike should love her and wish their daughters to take her as a model. a8 IN ROYAL SERVICE A Notable Refusal.—More than anything else, the mission desired a school building. Governor Evar- isto Madero, of the state of Coahuila, grand- father of the recently murdered President Madero, a man of liberal views, had been approached. He had listened, but given no answer. Among the guests of the state ball of 1883, which celebrated the National Independence day, September 15th, were a Texas legislator and his beautiful wife, who were traveling through the country. Attracted by her beauty, the elderly, stately governor asked for the privilege of a dance. Courteously but politely she declined. ‘No, senor,” she said; “I am a Baptist, and do not dance.” The next morning the governor sent for Mr. Powell and made him a proposition for a school building which left him breathless. He gave as his reason that he wanted a school in his state con- ducted by people who could teach women sufficient independence to do what they thought right at any cost. Little wonder that the new institute, which his generous offer made possible, was called for him Madero Institute; but a woman was responsible for the offer. | The Loved Lady.—The beautiful building, with its wide plaza and its seventy-two rooms, was opened and the girls flocked in. In the open court, the trickling of the beautiful fountain mingled with the laughter of the girls, among whom Miss Ma- berry moved back and forth, the happiest of the IN ROYAL SERVICE 219 household. They were not to be Americanized girls, but happy, Christian, Mexican daughters, mothers and teachers. She studied their ways, as they copied hers, that when they returned home, they might not be misfits in their surroundings. Governor Madero was more than an interested onlooker, sending thirty girls whom he had chosen and whose board and expenses he paid. Madero Girls.—These were busy days. Not only was she eager for the moral and physical advance of her charges, whose number grew in a few years to some hundred and fifty, a large number of whom were boarders, but she was a woman of affairs, and made the purchases for the boarding department of the large household, knowing how to suit Mexi- can tastes, which she had made her own. ) The results of the school were not far to seek. In an astonishingly short time there were nearly a hundred Madero girls teaching in the schools of the Coahuila and neighboring states. Today the wives of many of our Mexican workers are girls trained Pere. Self - Sacrifice. — Such work means sacrifice. Among the girls came many from the poorer classes. To them in private, unknown ways Miss Maberry gave generously, with the gracious tact which made the recipient at once a friend and equal. Nor was this all. For years, that there might be more to give to other work, she refused to take more than half the salary offered by the Board, saying she 280 IN ROYAL SERVICE would live well on that. She did live well on it, since she was rich in love and happiness. Broken Ribs.—Her self-forgetfulness could on oc- casion lift her above the knowledge of pain. The Mexican stage coach, with fourteen galloping mules, was a fine sight when all went well. Broken bones, however, lurked in sharp turns. Miss Maberry and her little niece were two of the passengers who came to grief near the battle field of Buena Vista. An extra flourish of the whip, a quick turn, and some thirty passengers were upset. Wild confusion pre- vailed. There were screams, groans, curses and broken bones. Miss Maberry took charge, tore up clothing for bandages, bound up wounds, and quieted fears until help came. The next day she found that several of her ribs had been broken—a fact she had been too busy caring for others to dis- cover sooner. From Grace to Glory.—Ten full years went by in which she was not only one of the chief factors in building up Madero Institute and the work in Sal- tillo, but that in Patos also. Finally she was called to Toluca. Here again she visited the homes of her poor Mexican friends. In their poverty-stricken houses contagious disease is a frequent visitor. In her visits she contracted a fatal malady and quickly passed from happy work to glad reward. A Perpetual Benediction—Let her fellow-mis- sionary, Miss M. L. Tupper, who, like herself, gave faithful service to Mexico, and is now teaching Mex- IN) ROYAL’ SERVICE 281 ican children in El Paso, Texas, speak of her after twenty years have passed. She can best picture her unforgotten friend. “We called her ‘Anita’—all of her American and Mexican friends—and to her we turned for counsel or comfort, in joy or distress, for well we knew that the heart of this loving friend would ever ‘glow for others’ joy and melt at others’ woe.’” Her work as a misisonary was quiet and gentle in manner, but powerful and resistless in effect. The Mexicans almost idolized her. Surely no tutelary saint in their calendar was ever more dearly loved and re- vered, or more constantly called upon for aid, than was this sweet spirit, who literally gave herself for her Mexican friends. She was untiring in her de- votion to them, and constant in her efforts to im- press ttpon them the beauty and desirability of the Christian life. In her estimation no sacrifice was too great, no burden too heavy, if she might thereby relieve some suffering soul and point the way to the world’s great burden-bearer. “A privilege and an honor it was to be associated with Miss Maberry. The fragrant memory of a life so pure and potent “doth in me breed perpetual bene- CieLiOLe 989 + «= IN| ROVAT) SERVICE Anne Luther Bagby, For Thirty-two Years Missionary in Brazil. 1881- —— The Preacher’s Daughter.—Anne was the sweet name given the little girl who came into the home of the Rev. John J. Luther on March 20, 1859. Minis- ters’ daughters have a heritage of grace, and Anne made wise use of hers. When she was eleven years old she was baptized in the Mississippi River. The little girl who thus, as she rose from her typical burial in the Father of Waters, pledged herself to “rise to newness of life,’ was to become, it is be- lieved, the first foreign missionary born in Mis- souri. In addition to the training of piety, there was in her home unusual culture. The St. Louis public schools received the school girl, and later Lexington Female College, Missouri, proved a kind Alma Mater. Her first experience as a teacher was gained in Baylor Female College, Texas, of which institution her father became pres- ident. | It was in Texas that the young teacher met and married Dr. W. B. Bagby. The Neglected Continent.—Brazil was and is spiritually the neglected continent. After the Civil War a number of Southerners left their homes and settled in Santa Barbara. Among them was Gen- eral A. F. Hawthorne, who on his return to this INV ROYAL SERVICER 283 country some years later, urged Southern Baptists to open missions in that priest-ridden country. Pioneer missionaries have many hard problems. Nevertheless, Dr. and Mrs. Bagby, moved by the urgent appeals of General Hawthorne, offered them- selves and were accepted as the first Southern Bap- tist missionaries to Brazil. In January, 1881, they boarded a sailing vessel for Rio de Janerio, and forty days later sailed into its beautiful harbor. The babel of Portuguese around them gave back no meaning, and it was delightful to hear again their mother tongue in the American colony at Santa Barbara. Here the “First Baptist Church of Brazil” had been formed with thirty members and only asked to be taken into the fellowship of Southern Baptists and join hands with them in reaching the Roman Catholics around them. In Bahia.—Pleasant as it would have been to linger among these friends, the needs of the work came first. The city of Bahia, the second in the em- pire, called them. With Mr. and Mrs. Z. C. Taylor, who had joined them in 1882, they went to Bahia in the autumn of that year. They had attacked the Very. citadelmom, superstitions wAnarce building, which served for home and church, having a hall which would accommodate two hundred, was rented in the center of the city. The missionaries formed themselves into a Baptist church, and work began. Mrs. Bagby and Mrs. Taylor dreamed of growing 284 IN ROYAL SERVICE Bible classes, of visiting the women, and of all forms of church work. Yet the time seemed far away. “My heart is almost sick with waiting,” wrote Mrs. Bagby, “though I strive to work while I wait.” The vastness of the unoccupied field was appalling. The Presbyterians had been at work in the country twenty years, and had about two thousand mem- bers. The Methodists had four missionaries. The Baptists had as yet done nothing. They had at- tempted a mission in 1861, which, owing to the war and the failure of the health of the missionaries, had come to nothing. No wonder their hearts were sick with longing. Behind the Bars.—Success, however, was dan- gerous. ‘The congregations which began to fill the little hall attracted the attention of the priests, who loudly denounced the missionaries. Some soldiers were imprisoned for daring to attend their services. But this was not enough. “Kill the shepherd and the sheep will flee,” said the persecutors. While Mr. Bagby was preaching he was knocked down. He, however, rose to continue his work. Here was a man of stern fiber, who was not to be frightened. Later as he was about to administer baptism he was arrested and thrust into prison. His wife was to be reckoned with. If they imprisoned him they must also imprison her. The authorities hesitated, but she would take no denial. At last she forced IN ROVATWUSERVIGE |, 285 them to yield and, entering the prison, shared his sufferings with him. The Triumph.—The persecution was successful in a way undreamed of by the persecutors. When the prison doors opened and they were released, prejudice began to melt away, and the church con- stantly grew in numbers. It was now time to grow by division, and leaving Dr. and Mrs. Taylor in Bahia, Dr. and Mrs. Bagby went to Rio de Janerio. Hard Years.—Ten years of hard, slow work fol- lowed. At their close there was little result. Wider and wider grew Mrs. Bagby’s acquaintance. Her heart yearned for the women around her, but they Seemed: to care for none of these things.’ Her servants by her daily life and gentle teachings were won to listen and often to believe. The invisible pupMevcl. Phesemtnteuror,, entered) their home, 4.Ds. Bagby was prostrated by yellow fever. With un- faltering devotion she nursed him back to health. Then the sun broke through the clouds. The church began to increase rapidly; welcome took the place of indifference, and Mrs. Bagby’s heart rejoiced. The School at Sao Paulo.—Surely it was time to rest here and enjoy the fruits of long labor. Not so. ‘There were other cities untouched. After a furlough they settled in Sao Paulo, a city of four hundred thousand inhabitants. The time had come for Mrs. Bagby to enter upon the work of building up a strong girls’ school. Slowly, with many dis- couragements, with cramped, inadequate quarters, 286 IN’ ROYAL SERVICE with insufficient help, it grew year by year. Her own children, of whom there were nine, were to be reared and educated, and they were not neglected. The women of the growing church turned to her also and not in vain. But through all, the demands of the growing school were met and its influence ex- tended. It needed larger quarters. She plead with Southern Baptist women for help, which they have not yet given. Still it grew. Now it has a hundred and seventy-five pupils, many of them from the best families of the city, and nearly all of whom are self- supporting. The Busy Day.—You can see her as she begins a busy day in 1913. Her face has lines of sadness that no smile can quite efface. The mother’s heart has been wrung by a sorrow that can never be for- gotten. Less than a year ago she saw a splendid young son drowned before her eyes, while trying to save a companion. Ever on her heart she car- ries the thought of her children. Three of them are with her in Brazil, one a missionary in Argen- tine, while two sons are now in the United States preparing for work in Brazil. She goes about the missionary duties of her full day, cheerfully and uncomplainingly, though sad thoughts sometime assail her, and the love of her own tug at her heart. She has added a boarding department to the school. The girls in the household must be given motherly counsel. If any teacher is out of place, she must supply. The hundred details of the whole IN ROYAL; SERVICE 287 come to her. Among the pupils there are girls from bigoted Catholic families. They know that if they come for the better education offered, they must join in the Bible lesson. Now and then these les- sons bear fruit and a dark-eyed girl seeks a quiet hour for a heart-talk with her. Then follow special prayers for this one, and often the great joy of hearing the confession of Christ told gladly to her friend and teacher. The Past and Future—Looking back upon her life, with its years of unwearying service, there is cause for tears but cause for joy. Her thirty-two years of service have stretched from the beginning of Southen Baptist missions in Brazil to the pres- ent. She has had an important part in their growth. She has seen them grow from nothing to a mem- bership of more than ten thousand; she has seen strong churches turn to help build others; she has seen them learn to give until their liberality puts to shame the churches at home. Yet Brazil has not lost its name in missionary circles. The neglected continent is still neglected. Missionaries are still fewer in South America than in any other continent, though confessed to be in sore need of their aid. There are less than half as many Pro- testant Christians in Brazil as in China. Southern Baptists have had in this field greater success, in proportion to the years given than in the other land. A fifth of all Protestant Christians in Brazil belong to our churches. 288 IN| ROYAL. SERVICE At the end of thirty-two years of work for Brazil, Mrs. Bagby is still looking to her native land ask- ing for help for the land of her adoption. In the words of a fellow-missionary she asks: “How long shall we be called to wait for even fourth-class equipment for our work?” We proudly claim Mrs. Bagby as our noble representative—but we must, since she is ours, give her tools for service. Molly Vandevier Buckner, Missionary to the Creeks. The Wild Country.—A glance at our rich heritage of mission lives would not be complete without mention of the wealth of good example left us by those who have worked among the Indians. Indian Territory was a far country in 1845. ‘Twelve years before the Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chicasaws and Seminoles were marched from North Carolina, Georgia and other Southern States, making their way with blood and bones. Missionaries, as has been said, were already at work among them. Others came to help them and met with great suc- cess. One of the earliest of these was Dr. H. T. Buckner, for many years missionary, and the trans- lator of the Gospel of John, and a hymn book and grammar into the Creek language. There came with him to this wild country Lucy Ann Dogan Buckner, who had been tenderly and IN ROYAL SERVICE 289 delicately nurtured ina Kentucky home. The hard- ships of the journey were a foretaste of what awaited them. They set sail on the Cumberland River for Fort Gibson. It took almost a month to make the journey. Arrived, there was nothing to greet them but the wild life of the plains. Little wonder that the delicate Kentucky woman, after battling with her unwonted surroundings for ten years, lay down the too heavy burdens of life. The Pioneer Girl.—Mollie Vandevier was a beau- tiful, vivacious girl of nineteen, who knew and loved frontier life. Her father, Rev. A. EF. Vandevier, who was living in Indian Territory, had sent Mollie home to the States, and she had been liberally educated. There seemed little to attract her to the hard life of a missionary, but in 1860 the young girl took upon herself the grave duties of a missionary’s wife among the Indians, whom she knew through no romantic glamor thrown around them by Fenimore Cooper, but as they lived around her day by day Everybody’s Friend.—“I think,” writes A. J. Holt, who knew and worked side by side with her, “I have never known a more cheerful, willing worker than she. She never once failed to measure up to the full standard of requirements. Hardships were nothing to her, and she met the difficulties and changes of her position with cheerfulness. For many years she lived in poorly constructed and in- sufficiently protected houses, and had to suffer heat, cold, rain, snow and indeed every kind of exposure 290 IN ROYAL SERVICE incident to that climate. Yet she was not only un- complaining, but was actually cheerful all the time. She was not at all delicate, and could, not only with- out injury, but with apparent enjoyment, meet ex- posure and hardships. She had the rare faculty of making friends among all classes, especially among the Indians, with whom her whole life was spent. She adapted herself to the work of her husband skil- fully and cheerfully. In camp meetings, when the Indians would come for many miles and camp around the preaching arbor, she was the recognized leader in all religious work. The Indian women fol- lowed her implicitly.” A Royal Dinner.—A woman on the frontier must be not only cheerful but resourceful. Company was rare and not always easy to entertain. A bride must always have the best. Rev. Daniel Rodgers and his young wife, newly appointed missionaries to the Cherokees, had been-met at the station some miles away, by Mr. Holt, misisonary to the Seminoles, with a wagon and ox team. It was not a royal equipage, though it conveyed messengers of a King. At the: Buckner home butter was unobtainable, and a good dinner hard to “scare up.” Hardly had the ox team arrived before the missionary to the Semi- noles was set to churning, while Mrs. Buckner darted in and out to see the bride, until a feast made royal with laughter and good cheer was ready, the hostess, the life of any company, leading the merry talk. IN ROWVAL SERVICE 291 Love and Laughter.—“There was always a baby in the house, too. But that did not daunt her. There were seven, but they were all hearty and good-natured, and she managed them beautifully.” She was the compliment of her grave and sedate husband, whom she survived for twenty years. “She loved the Lord, her husband and, in fact, seemed to love everybody, as everybody seemed to love her.” Mrs. A. J. Holt, Missionary to the Seminoles. The Unconscious Heroine.—If{ you were to tell: Mrs. Holt that she was a missionary heroine, she would look up in surprised denial and say, “I never did anything.” ‘To her, as to her husband, who will soon round out fifty years of service, such praise is “positively painful,” though they acknowledge that those who use such terms do it from the kindness of their hearts, and cherish no unkindness towards them. Alone in the Storm.—Let us see if there has been any heroism in their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Holt had been sent to the Seminole Indians. It was in the winter of 1876-" that Mr. Holt went with Chief Jumper to visit Hitchite Tofofa, Tobacco Town, in the extreme northwestern part of the territory. They had hardly left the two little log houses which served as the missionary’s home, before a terrible blizzard swept down upon the land. The snow fell 292 IN ROYAL SERVICE to the depth of several feet. Suffering great, anxiety for husband in the cold and snow, Mrs; Buckner must nevertheless provide food for herself and the children. They were imprisoned in one little house, ‘while the other, which served’as kitchen, was cut off by the snow which had piled i benmeaniune two. After a day of hunger she managed to push. open the door, and after a hard twelve hours’. work with the fire shovel, succeeded in digging a path to the supplies in the kitchen. The Empty Barrel—On _ another occasion the missionary, who had gone to the mill, sixty miles away, was cut off by the rise of the river, and for a week there was no meal or flour in the house. Still worse was another occasion when the interpre- ter who was sent to the distant railroad for provis- ions was allowed to take the gun with him: The gun meant meat, for the missionary ‘was compelled to be a skilful marksman; ‘since. on him largely de- pended the food of the family. Instead of being gone five or six days, no sign of the returning wagon so eagerly looked for was seen in two weeks. Dur- ing the last week there was nothing in the house to eat but Indian sofka: Harder Days.—Still harder days :awaited them when they were transferred to work among the wild Indians round the Wichita Agency.. They were entirely cut off by two hundred miles from Dr. Buckner, Mr. Holt’s. uncle. The nearest market was Wichita, Kansas. Their ‘only dependence for IN ROYAL, SERVICE 293 food was the missionary’s trusty gun, which brought down many a “fine kill,” and the long’ wagon trains carrying food for the soldiers from Wichita to Fort Sill. The Wichita Indians were kind to them, though ‘one, supposed to have been hired by some mean white men, who did ‘not wish their’ ‘deeds reported; tried to kill Mr. Holt. After this the’ter- rible fear’ that her husband would be assassinated lay ever cold at her heart. At this far-off station two children were born and one died. Among the Indian’, Women.—In good weather Mrs. Holt went with her husband on the long trips from one Indian settlement to another. ‘The Indian camp meetings, before referred to, are one of the most picturesque features of Indian mission work. The missionary’s wife went with her husband to the Seminole camp meetings and moved back and forth among the people, known and loved by all the women. ‘Their tent was pitched with the others, but sleep did not always come with the night. The Seminoles frequently had all night meetings, one taking up the songs and prayers as another dropped to sleep. In the Agency she visited in the grass houses of the wild Indians, and was known and re- spected by all. She cared for the sick, taught the women to sew and cook, and take care of their homes. A Lapful of Beads.—When at length they were transferred to the frontier of Texas a crowd of In- dian women came to bid her farewell. They had 294. IN: ROVAT MS RN LCE but one thing of their very own. ‘This -was their beads, the mark of their social standing and wealth. After the farewell each woman as she rose to steal silently and sorrowfully away took off her beads and laid them, in affectionate token of esteem, in their white friend’s lap. Mary T. Gambrell, The Friend of Mexicans. One of the most brilliant and versatile of the wo- men who have been connected with the Union was Mrs. Mary T’. Gambrell, of Texas. Of her service in this connection we cannot write now. “Her posi- tion among ‘Texas Baptists was unique and import- ant. Her works were manifold. She became asso- ciate Corresponding Secretary of the Texas State Board, which was conducting missions among the large Mexican population of the state. Most of the work for the Mexicans was done through preachers of their own race and tongue. They were poorly taught every way, having been converted from Romanism after they were grown. They could neither speak nor write English. All communica- tion between them and the Board was difficult. To remedy this grave difficulty, Mrs. Gambrell acquired both a writing and speaking knowledge of the Span- ish language. This greatly helped the work. She was able to translate their correspondence for the Board, and to convey to them an intelligent account IN) ROYAL SERVICE 295 of the Board’s views and actions, and it helped her to converse with them and to bring them into closer sympathy with her feelings for them. It was deemed wise to make Mrs. Gambrell superintendent of the Mexican department of the work of the State Board. “She took them to the heart. That they were poor, ignorant and superstitious only made them more a care. She was their warmest and best friend, and they soon knew it. Their troubles were hers. They brought their church and family difficulties to her, and she helped them. She took a Mexican mission- ary and his sick wife into her home. She had the wife treated in a sanitarium at her own charges. She organized institutes for them and freely min- gled with them in their services. She gladly stood with them when they were presented to the con- vocations. A group of preachers at an institute wished her picture taken with theirs in a group, and she stood with them. When severe afflictions came to their homes she secured boxes for them, and often sent money from her own purse. When death came in the home of any Mexican she wrote to console the sorrowing. On occasions she went into their humble houses and read the Scriptures and prayed with them. Everywhere she plead for them, and when they were converted her soul flamed with holy joy. One of her greatest desires was for worthy schools in which leaders might be trained for this poor, misguided race. Living and dying, 296 IN ROYAL SERVICE they were in her heart. From the border land of the Eternal she spoke back, ‘Don’t let the poor Mexicans be neglected.’ The love of the Mexican Baptists for Mrs. Gambrell was beautiful, and her memory lingers with them as a benediction from Heaven. Like her Master, she ‘was among them as one who served.’ ” Here we reluctantly turn from our picture gallery of Missionary Heroines. We would gladly linger longer on their beautiful characters, or turn to other notable women still unscanned. These older hero- ines of the faith beckon us on to great deeds and “Show how noble life may be When it fulfills its destiny.” FOR THE MISSION STUDY CLASS. AimM.—To stimulate a desire to emulate the gentleness, wisdom, perseverance and self-sacrifice of a noble company of women: to raise the question: If their lives were well spent in saving the world, can I find a higher calling? Brsre Reapvine.—Christ’s Mission to Women. Study 5. Fo Teach and Honor by His Friendship :—Women following His footsteps and taught in His school—Luke 8: 1-8. In the inner circle of His friends—John 11: 5. Consulted about woman’s household cares—Luke 10: 38, 42. Blessing the children of the household—Matt. 19: 18, 14. The child exalted—Matt. 18: 3-6. Weeping in sympathy with women —John 11: 33-386. Anointed for His burial by a woman— John 12: 7. A woman’s memorial gift linked with the story of His life—Mark 14: 9. PrersonaL THOUGHTS.—Has any act of mine filled my own ‘home with its fragrance? Are my deeds linking my life ‘with the story of Christ’s life? IN ROYAL SERVICE 297 Svuacrestep Cyuart.—Needed—Women for Women. One hundred and fifty-seven women sent by 1,000,000 women to 500,000,000 women. Underneath: “Look on the fields: for they are white already to harvest.” PARALLEL READING.—Home Mission Task, Chapters 10 and 14; Mission Work of Southern Baptists, Chapters 10 and 11; Southern Baptist Foreign Missions, 9 and 10; Life of Matthew T. Yates. CHAPTER VI. IN THE HARVEST FIELD. As each period of the Union’s history has opened before us we have drawn, in faint outline, the women of the times. How shall we sketch the woman of today? Shall we typify her in cap and gown; with thermometer and scapel; with book and globe; with ledger and adding machine; with cuffs and apron; with note- book and typewriter; before a flying loom; or both mistress and maid at home? Who can paint her with her multitudinous interests; her cry for edu- cation equal to that of men; privileges which in- clude all of his and many that are exclusively her own; her insistent belief in her ability to acquire, her demand for recognition in all walks of life; her outspoken reliance on herself and her readiness to make that reliance good by incursions into any honorable profession, all of which have been forced open at her demand? The Southern girl of 1830, whose careless song we heard so long ago, would find much that would surprise and doubtless something that would grieve her in the thoughts of her granddaughters and great- eranddaughters. Whatever she would think of their Mrs, Zee Mrs. Zee’s Daughter Zung Ta Ta IN ROYAL, SERVICE 299 attitude to many social questions, however great her surprise to find them in the busy haunts of trade, however deeply she might regret the rush of busy nothings which keep many too busy to think the thoughts of God, however clearly she might fore- see that they were entering a period of readjust- ment in which there would be urgent need to “hold fast that which is good,” she could not fail to realize that into their hands had come a mighty power for good, which had brought at once great opportunity and great responsibility. A Challenge—The very word today is a chal- lenge in woman’s ears. ‘Today there is no good thing to which they can aspire which unitedly they cannot hope to achieve. Today they make up two- thirds of the Christian church. It it falls below the level of high Christian life and standards, they will not be guiltless. Today is for action. The Union of the present rests with the granddaughters and great-granddaughters of the Southern Baptist women who first gave themselves to mission ser- vice. Not a few of them have missionary training handed from mother to daughter for nearly a hun- dred years. We turn eagerly to see how they are increasing their goodly heritage of zeal, of sacrifice, and! ‘of developed, organized work at home and abroad. The Missionary Type.—Though the typical Amer- ican woman, be her home where it may, cannot be truly pictured as seeking some dark. spot, in her 300 IN ROYAL SERVICE own or some other land, which she may lighten by a life of self-sacrificing devotion, yet when nearly four thousand are giving themselves to foreign mis- sions and doubtless three or four times that num- ber devoting their lives to organized Christian work at home, the mission worker stands for a large class of the women of today. | Behind these group the women who make this work possible, who are so numerous that their con- tributions, through their own great missionary organizations, are some three million and a half a year to foreign missions; to home missions, outside of their own churches and communities, perhaps a million and three-quarters more. Such a gift represents a type, as truly as the college girl or the trained nurse. We may, therefore, add to our list of the types of American women the missionary at home and abroad and the two million warm; hearted, wide-minded women bending over their mission magazines or winding their way to the monthly missionary meeting. Write them as those who love their fellow-men. The Union’s Part.—The planting of a hope rarely has a date. We do not know when the support of all the woman missionaries on our foreign mission fields became the ambition of the Union. For some years this amrbition has been fulfilled. After this was reached and passed, the support of the schools under their care was added. Then the Young Wo- man’s Auxiliary reached out to aid in hospital work, PO ROVAEE SERVICE 301 the Royal Ambassadors, the Schools for Boys, and the Sunbeams, the Kindergartens. Thus the one hundred and fifty-seven women on our foreign fields and their school and hospital work are the care of the Union. The reinforcements must come from us. From us they expect that sympathy and support which will extend the healing touch they long to give, to thousands of other women. In home mis- sions the work on the frontier and among foreign- ers is our especial charge, together with the moun- tain schools, so fittingly laid on the hearts of the young women, the Indian work in which the boys are asked to aid, and the schools for Mexican chil- dren at El Paso, and for Cuban boys and girls in Havana, ‘which have been assigned to the children, To View .all.the workers and all this widespread work’ is ‘impossible. We must content ourselves with a glimpse of a few of our strong, capable, suc- cessful,iworkers who in the midst of their labors stand as types of the Southern Baptist women in the harvest fields today. Claudia McCann Walne, Missionary to Japan. 1892- ——. Down on the Olive.—Claudia McCann was born in Ghent, Kentucky, down on the Olive River, Jan- uary 26, 1868. ~ When the warblings of her fresh 302 IN. ROYAL ‘SERVICE, young voice, as thoughtless and free as a bird, first attracted the attention of her hearers and convinced them that this was something more than mere child- ish singing, we do not know. Soon, however, she had brought this gift with her into the church life, singing her way through the different activities, in which she gladly engaged. The young girl de- veloped into “a fine example cf American woman- hood, whose cheery, charming personality was irre- sistible.’” She had completed her college course and was teaching music in Boscobel College, Nash- ville, when she married the young pastor, Rev. E. N. Walne. At first there was no thought of work other than that of a busy, active pastor’s wife. Then the call came to Japan and, convinced that it was a call to a large, lifetime service, they gave them- selves to it. The Young Mission.—Japan was then our young- est mission. Soon after the Hermit Kingdom was opened by Commodore Perry, in 1853, the thoughts of Southern Baptists turned to this new field. T'wo misisonaries set sail for Japan in 1860. They met an unknown fate. Their ship, the ill-fated Edwin Forest, was never seen again. ‘The Civil War, the demands of stations already opened, entering Italy, ‘Mexico and Brazil delayed another attempt. Tn 1889 the answer to the call of this land, which was then exciting high hopes of speedy evangeli- zation, could be resisted no longer. The new mis- sion was located in Kiushiu, the most southern of | J EN, ROVADMW SERVICE 303 the four main Japanese islands, whose nine million inhabitants were almost untouched by mission work. Flying Stones.—Mr. and Mrs. Walne joined the mission in 1892, and began work in the city of Ko- kura. It was not a flowery land to them. They could not hold property. No one would rent to them. Japan was in the midst of the strong re- action against foreigners which had followed the first enthusiastic reception of foreign ways and teaching. The cry was Japan for the Japanese. The way was hard indeed. Unfriendly crowds followed them on the streets. Shouts of derision were the rule. Now and then a stone came hurtling through the air. The tide set strong against them. Breaking Down Prejudice.—Cheerfully meeting the constant inconveniences of life in the tiny little house, from which a strong gust of wind might easily have carried off the roof, Mrs. Walne gave her thought to breaking down the prejudice and reserve which, like an impenetrable wall, shut her out from the women around her. ‘They were anxious to learn English, so she opened an Eng- lish class. The strange foreign dishes roused the curiosity of the little Japanese housekeepers, so she offered to teach them foreign cooking. Best of all, she could sing. Her voice was a gift from God which had been carefully cultivated. Now it was used constantly in His work, and its sweet cadences ‘opened the hearts of those who heard. Gradually 304 IN ROYAL SERVICE the very difficult language was mastered; friends were made; smiles succeeded cold indifference. A Change for the Better.—After eight years the work was represented by a church membership of seventy-five. ‘Then came a change. Japan found a new footing among the nations. Instead of being met by bitterness, the foreigner and his ways have again been welcomed. In the growing Sunday- schools Mrs. Walne has been busy. She loves children, and they return her love. Long rides to little country places have resulted in other little schools. A night school has been carried on. Joy has been the motto of them all. A new festival has taken its place in the life of the little people whom she has touched. For the first time they know the delights of a Christian Christmas. The school boys and the young men of the mission never tire of hear- ing her sing. An admiring group, listening to her as she sings one Gospel hymn after another, and begging for yet one more, has long been a charac- teristic mission picture. The Home Life——Nothing has spoken more loudly to her neighbors than her happy Christian home. This is a sermon twenty-four hours long, preached every day in the year. To her four sons and one daughter she has made up for the loss of America and American playmates. By her own cheerful sacrifices she has taught them the joy of living for others. She has been comrade, helper and loving wife to her husband, and teacher, com- TN ROA WHER VILCK 305 panion and mother to her children, who have grown into strong and forceful man and womanhood. Still a young woman she stands, after twenty years of service, a splendid type of the Christian missionary in the prime of her usefulness. Anna B. Hartwell, Evangelistic Worker. 1893- —— The Missionary Fiber.—Missions are woven into the very fiber of the Hartwell family, which unitedly . has given nearly a hundred years to the conversion of the Chinese. In 1835 Luther Rice, on one of his last pilgrimages through the South, was a guest at the home of Jesse Hartwell, pastor of the church at Darlington, South Carolina. The baby’s name was yet an unsettled question. “Name him Burmah,” said Mr. Rice. Burmah suggested Boardman, the successful misisonary to India, and the boy was named Jesse Boardman Hartwell. No one could have more nobly lived up to the misisonary title. He went out to China in 1858, and after a short time in Shanghai removed to Shantung Province, where he died in 1912. The home knew no thought but missions. Dr. Hartwell, from the moment he preached what is thought to have been the first Christian sermon ~ ever heard in the city of Teng Chow, was a tremen- 306 IN ROYAL (SERVICE dous factor in its missionary life. Mrs. Hartwell, with the adaptability which characterized the true missionary, not only taught the women the Scrip- ture, but seeing the ravages of smallpox, introduced vaccination, and did not lack those willing to try the foreign preventative. The Making of a Missionary.—His daughter, Anna Burton Hartwell, and her twin brother, John, were born into the missionary home in Teng Chow, April) 6,)\ 1870.) Lettuimothetless)) (shes wither brothers and sister, were brought to America in 1871. We have already caught a glimpse of her, as she returned to China in 1872, her father having married her mother’s sister. Later she was for several years in the home of the missionary pioneer and veteran, Dr. Graves, of Canton. After the fail- ure of Mrs. Hartwell’s health made it necessary for Dr. Hartwell to leave China, he became a mis- sionary to the Chinese in California. Here as a young girl Anna proved herself a valuable assistant of) her ‘father.’ But) alwaysmuerm neart) tumedmro China, her native land. Reared in an atmosphere surcharged with missions and Christian work, could anyone be more fully prepared? It is significant that Dr. Hartwell, who knew the needs of the field so intimately, felt that this unusual equipment should be incomplete without special Bible train- ing. Miss Hartwell, therefore, spent two years in the Moody Bible School of Chicago, being too wise not to realize that no time would be lost in “sharpen- PINS VENOM Tain Tike VLOr 307 ing her scythe.” ‘To this thorough preparation must be attributed much of her notable success. The Chinese in California, and indeed through- out America, come from Southern China and speak the Cantonese dialect. With this dialect Miss Hart- well had been familiar from childhood. She, there- fore, sailed for Canton in 1893. Her older sister, Miss Nellie Hartwell, had gone to this city four years earlier,’ In 1893. Dr. Hartwell returned, to North China, and in 1896 Miss Hartwell was trans- ferred to the North China mission. In Teng Chow she found a warm welcome awaiting her in the church her father had organized in 1862, this being the first Christian church organized north of Shanghai. Among the Women.—Here, in the city of her birth, the young missionary began her work with day schools and the country women. The exigen- cies of mission work have increased her high school work, but she is at heart an evangelistic worker. To win a Chinese woman to allegiance to Christ is her joy of joys. How she loves Chinese women! How one thrills as she tells of their trials and their faith! Her intimate knowledge of their home lives and the persecution they must endure, brings us heart to heart with them. We meet with them as they come to their place of Heavenly Rest, as they call their very own chapel. We grieve and rejoice with them. We can feel their very heart-beats. Slowly we feel the hot blood stealing into our 308 IN ROYAL SERVICE cheeks as we hear them thank God for those Christ- like sisters of theirs in America, “who in their great love have sacrificed so much for thein.” The Heavenly Joy.—How she loves and under- stands cannot be better told than in this extract from a personal letter, the use for which I am sure both she and her fellow-worker, Miss Thompson, who went out in 1900, and whom she affectionately calls “Tommie,” will forgive us. It takes us into the inmost secret of the joy of a missionary’s life. “My! I must not fail to tell you we had twenty- five baptisms at Shangsway before we left. Fif- teen of them were from our woman’s class. The other ten were men and boys. Shangsway has never known such a thing in its history. I wish I had time to tell you of some of the most interesting cases in the class: The woman who sobbed and sobbed the day we gave the lesson on the cross. ‘Oh!,’ she said, ‘I’ve heard many times that Jesus died on the cross, but oh, I didn’t know it was like that. And he did that for me?’ and then another complete breakdown, her face in her hands, sobbing like her heart would break. How clearly and joy- fully she came out. It seemed she could hardly say anything except, ‘I love Him, I love Him, I love Him.’ Then the three women who walked over 50 li to get there, one of them sixty-eight years old, one fifty-three, and the other twenty-six. Then there was the woman who already bore in her body the marks of the Lord Jesus. A deep scar on her IN ROYAL’ SERVICE 309 forehead and marks on her body in other places showed where she had been beaten by her brothers- in-law because she and her husband had determined to believe and trust in Jesus. She and her daugh- ter and little son were baptized together. Then there was Mrs. U, the wife of one of our best, most earnest evangelists. How he has agonized in prayer for her for years—and had begged others to help him pray for her. She has seemed an impossible case. When I saw her in the baptismal waters I said, “Ihe day of miracles is not passed yet.’ Then the dear little old lady, seventy years of age, whom Miss Thompson has known for a long time. She was asking about ‘Tommie’s’ mother, and when I told her she was dead, said, ‘She is in Heaven. Will she know me when I get there?’ ‘Tommie’ said, “Yes, Mrs. Chary, I think she will know you.’ ‘Well’ said Mrs. Chary, ‘I hope she will. I want to tell her about you. I want to tell her she gave you up to come to China, but that I would not be there if she hadn’t; that I wouldn’t be in Heaven if her daughter hadn’t told me about Jesus.’ Wasn’t that sweet? I was so glad for Miss Thompson. Oh, it was so precious a privilege to have a share in it all. Some of the Christian women at Shangsway worked so hard, and did it cheerfully, getting the three meals a day for all those we were teaching, and the children they had had to bring with them. The hard workers were so enthused they declared they never want to wear pretty clothes and eat good 310 IN ROYAL SERVICE food again; they want to get on with common clothes and common food, and give all they can possibly save toward helping to open such classes as that one. I took the mornings, Miss Thompson the afternoons, and Mr. Kao preached every even- ing. The chapel was full every night.. We had our little organ and I tried to make music come out of it. At any rate, it attracted or helped to attract thetoutsiders iii) A Visit to Miss Hartwell—‘If you should go to call on her in her home you would find Miss Hart- well a short, chubby little lady with light hair and laughing blue eyes. She is gifted to a marked de- gree with that saving sense for a missionary—the sense of the ridiculous. At once you would be at your ease, feeling that you had known her before, for she draws people to her. She would prove to you that missionaries are not bores, for she would entertain you with stories of real life, told vividly with details and plenty of local color. And then she would laugh—such a hearty infectious laugh that you would join her in spite of yourself. “Or, if you should hear her speak from a plat- form, you would lose count of time and forget your surroundings, so full is she of her subject, so earnest in her appeal. Her whole heart is indeed in her work. | “During her twenty years’ work in China, Miss Hartwell has led scores to Jesus. She has opened and superintended many day schools in cities and in IN ROYAL SERVICE 311 country places; she has held Bible training classes for women, and she has had charge of girls’ board- ing schools, besides taking care of her father in his declining years. She excels in personal work. Her knowledge of the Chinese and naturally sympathetic nature make her tactful and convincing. She is a passionate soul-winner.”’ Among the missionary types none is more needed than the woman equipped, not only by love, but by deep and systematic Biblical study and still deeper personal knowledge of the joy of salvation, to lead souls to Christ. No one could stand better for this class of missionaries than Miss Hartwell. Julia K. MacKenzie, The Woman of Affairs. 1894- —_—_— In Business Life-—Miss MacKenzie was in charge of one of the largest and most important manufac- turing plants in Owensboro, Kentucky, as confiden- tial stenographer and bookkeeper, when the an- nouncement that the pastor of the First Baptist | Church, Dr. Fred D. Hale, would preach a sermon on dancing, caught her attention. She was espe- cially fond of this amusement, yet decided she would hear what the minister had to say. This and other sermons led to her conversion. She threw herself 312 IN ROYAL SERVICE into the life of the church with intense earnest- ness. Work at Home.—Near her were the men of the factory whom she saw daily. They were her first mission. Instead of going home at noon, she ate a hasty lunch and spent the rest of the hour in telling them of Christ or visiting their families. Need, which before had passed her unnoticed, now appealed to her on every side. Her large salary was too small to meet all her desires to help. She gave all she had and then induced others to help. A Secret Problem.—aAll this time a secret problem troubled her. She asked her friends to pray that she might solve it aright. “I do not need to tell you what it is,” she said with simple faith; “God knows.” In a short time she came with her face glowing with a holy light. “You need not pray any more for the answer. I am going to Japan and let my little tallow-dip light shine in heathen darkness. Here there are many thousand candle-power electric lights among which my tiny light can add but little.” Great was the indignation of her employers when they heard of her decision. “She was too frail; they would give her a larger salary and half her time for mission work in town; there were heathen at home who needed her more than those abroad.” Their arguments did not shake her determination— but her earnestness changed them. When she [NG ROYAL VSERV ICE 313 finally went, not to Japan, but to China, her em- ployer and his men gave several hundred dollars towards her equipment. Her Pity—When the farewell came she would hear no words of pity, such as many even yet be- stow upon the “poor missionaries.” “Do not be sorry for me whom God has blessed with a message to His children in far-away China,” she exclaimed. “From the depths of my heart I am sorry for you that you cannot be his messenger to some distant land.” It was a noble trio of women who in 1894 set out for the Central China mission. Fach one had known life in its different phases and brought to the work a wide knowledge of affairs, character and business methods. Each was to wield a wile influence in the educational and spiritual life of the women of Central China. For nearly twenty years Miss Mac- Kenzie, Miss Willie Kelly, of Alabama, and Miss Lottie Price, who went from North Carolina, have worked untiringly, and with wonderful success. Work at Yangchow.—Miss MacKenzie’s work is at Yangchow. Her busy, happy life comes into re- view in her report of 1912. “Looking back over it, sweet the service, ineffa- bly sweet the consciousness of the presence of God with me through the whole year. Truly a service of joy, though some of the work was done through tears over my own failures to lead our precious charges up to the pure heights of privilege, conse- 314 IN ROYAL SERVICE cration and communion with Him. . Another ex- pression of His approval is the strength given by Him for eighteen hours of activity out of the twenty-four, with not one hour of extreme fatigue, nor a day of illness through the whole year. Twenty by Twenty-six.— ‘Our school now num- bers 39 boarders and 11 day pupils, crowding far be- yond its proper limits our little schoolhouse, built according to our funds, and intended for not more than fifteen girls. Appeals for admittance have been so eloquent that we now have crowded into our main dormitory, a room 20x26 feet, twenty- two beds and twenty-three girls. We would plead for a building commensurate with our hopes and needs, giving accommodation for at least one hundred girls. It would be for the glory of God. Long mid- night hours are spent in planning, correcting and making salable our industrial school work. Some really beautiful and fine work, such as collars, jabots, collar bows, hand bags, center pieces, doilies, lace by the yard, is done. With the profits on the work some of our girls help pay their school ex- penses, and others buy their own clothes and books. _ The ready sales are our Father’s encouragement in our endeavor to make the dear girls self-supporting. _ Thus through the riches of our Father’s grace all things have worked together for our good.” Thus this splendid business woman is devoting her talents to Royal Service. She, too, stands for a class of strong, well equipped, capable business IN ROYAL SERVICE 315 women who find in missions the highest fulfillment of their powers. Hallie Garrett Neal, The Missionary Physician. 1907- —— Wanted—Physicians.—E,very reader of mission- ary books, and indeed every well-informed person, knows oi the horrors inflicted in the name of medi- cine in every non-Christian land. Early in our own missions we find the name of missionaries who, like Dr. Graves, ministered to the body as well as the soul. The missionary, who made medicine his chief method of approach, and the hospital came later. It is claimed that the first woman physician from America was sent out by the Methodist Woman’s Board of the North in 1869. The supply and the demand are yet so far apart that one is almost hopeless when the two are compared. If a young woman of strong constitution and good education is looking for a life investment which will pay im- mense returns in bringing joy to the world and lead- ing lives to Christ, let her fit herself for a mis- sionary physician. The need of the woman physician is not, how- ever, confined to heathen lands, as is shown by the experience of Dr. Hallie Garrett Neal, who we take as a type of the woman physician now on the mis- 316 IN ROYAL SERVICE sion field. Born in Tennessee, trained as a physi- cian in Chicago, she practiced for two years in Mis- sissippi. Her work as a physician opened new de- sires for a larger field of service. As she practiced medicine she found time to study systematic the- ology under her pastor. In 1907 she married Rev. Charles L. Neal, who had determined to give himself to misison work in Mexico. A Physician’s Life.-—Together they represent the rounded mission life, Mr. Neal giving himself to educational and evangelistic work, Dr. Neal to the practice of medicine and work among the women. At first Dr. Neal was a little perplexed by the hor- ror of the Mexican state and Catholic hospitals, ex- pressed by all the Mexicans with whom she comes in contact. Now she no longer wonders. The care in many of them crude beyond belief, and the death rate is very high. She has been very much hindered by having no hospital. The priests do all in their power to prevent the people from em- ploying her. On one occasion this opposition was so great that she was put in prison on the charge of violating some medical law. Every means has been used to prevent her from gaining a foothold. The governor of the state has refused to let her use her own medicines, either by selling or giving them away. Some of the drug- gists make exorbitant charges for filling her pre- scriptions, others refuse to fill them entirely, saying they are too strong. Others refuse on the ground IN ROYAL SERVICE 317 that she is not a registered physician, though much time, red tape and expense have been expended to this end, and she is duly registered. A Crying Need.—Having no hospital, she has at times opened her house and had it full to overflow- ing with patients to whom she was both physician and nurse. ‘The operations of the Mexican physi- cians being notably unsuccessful and having no hospital of her own, she cannot undertake a large class of cases. She recently sent one urgent case to a Mexican hospital. She was told that he could not be reached under fifteen days. When the fifteen days was out the man was dead. Little won- der she hesitates, even in extreme instances, to send to these hospitals, since she has never sent one, single patient to a Mexican hospital who came out alive. It was hoped that her work would be self- sustaining, outside of her own salary. In the first dark days this hope seemed futile. But her skill is winning its way. Last year (1912) though on account of the revolution she only prac- ticed seven months and a half; the small fees came up to the cost of maintenance, and left a good balance, to be applied on the former deficit. Not only would the hospital she so greatly needs and desires prove a very Godsend to the sick women and children of Toluca, but it would be the means of opening the door of soul health to many, who, hearing the better way only once or twice in the dispensary services, pay little heed. 318 IN ROYAL SERVICE Young, winning, energetic, enthusiastic, skilled and determined, Dr. Neal is a fine type of a mis- sionary plus a physician, which, as another has said, equals a missionary and a half. If she is de- nied patients she is busy in evangelistic work; if this is not sufficient to fill every moment, she acts as secretary of the mission. Truly she eats no idle bread. Her indomitable courage will open the way for an ever larger service, as she follows in the steps of the great physician. Jessie L. Pettigrew, The Missionary Nurse. 1901- —— The Child Christian—Following the physician must come the skilled nurse, whose ministeries now form so important a part in carrying the Gospel into sick, sad hearts. This is the life work of Miss Jessie L. Pettigrew. Before Jessie had smiled upon the world, her deeply pious mother had dedicated her to God. She was the firstborn, but the best was none too good | for God. Soon the little girl became her mother’s helper with the brother and sisters who came into the home in Fincastle, Virginia. At eight she joined the church and at once, in a child’s sweet way, became active in its work. When she was about thirteen she had a remarkable dream. She IN ROYAL SERVICE 319 dreamed that she went to Heaven. When God met her He sent her back to earth, where there was work waiting for her. Deeply impressed, she began to think of life, with its possibilities, and decided that her life work was in China. Long and earnestly she and her mother, who deeply sympathized with her, planned, but the way for a college education did net epen. The old say- ing, however, “Where there is a will, there is a way,’ did not fail. Trained nurses were in demand and she decided to prepare herself for this profes- sion, save the money and thus get the education which was now denied. Leaving home, she went to New Orleans, where she graduated as a trained nurse. The enlarging hospital work of the Foreign Board called for trained nurses. Here was an opportunity. But she was not yet ready. Several years later an old desk gave up a little notebook in which this prayer was written in 1900: A Prayer.—“Dear Father, I do so want to go to ie Training School in Chicago and go to the foreign field, but I do not see any hope for me to go yet. Please, if it is in accordance with thy holy will, open some way for me to go. Dear Father, my only de- sire, if I know my heart, is to serve thee, and I feel now as I have for years that there is a field for me in some of the dark heathen countries. Oh, send me anywhere. Thou knowest the desire of my heart.” 320 IN ROYAL SERVICE In the Hospital—The way was opened. She went to Chicago and was sent by the Foreign Board to assist Dr. Ayers in the Warren Memorial Hos- pital, Hwanghein. In three years from the open- ing of the hospital the cry was for more room. A woman’s hospital was added, but again the capacity is not large enough for the anxious crowd of pa- tients. In 1907, during the absence of Dr. Ayers, Miss Pettigrew had entire charge of the medical work which she conducted with great energy and skill, nearly seven thousand patients being treated in dispensary and hospital. She trains the nurses, cares for the women, and sees that none who enter the waiting room leave without hearing the Gospel message. She is occupied from morning till night with many cares, and sleeps with the half-open eyes of one on whom the welfare of many depends. In Charge.—In these years Miss Pettigrew has attained a surgical skill almost equal to a physician. Her ability to care for the great work, in the absence of the missionary physician, was again demonstrated in 1912. Dr. Ayers was absent and war and revo- lution were abroad. Two of the native medical help- ers went into government service. Miss Pettigrew and the native physician, Dr. Chu, were left to con- duct the work. War was at their doors. A Red Cross Society was organized in connection with the hospital. For three months the work was almost wholly among soldiers, a large number of whom were treated. Coming from a wide range of coun- IN ROYAL SERVICE 321 try, they carried back with them some news of the healing touch of Christianity. The city dispensary was closed by the war. But a rich and interested Chinese gentleman, Mr. Ting, gave them the use of his beautiful home free of charge. The city was looted, but the werk after the first days of disturb- ance, went on. It has so won its way that even this year, as for years past, the contributions of the pa- tients and interested native and foreign friends supply the cost of all drugs. The close of the year, so full of changes and trial, showed that three hun- dred and twe in-patients had been treated and 11,208 dispensary and eut-patients. A Growing Class.—Such is Miss Pettigrew— strong, tender, consecrated, resourceful, skilled. She stands as a representative of the Trained Mis- sionary Nurse, whese ranks are constantly being in- creased by the going out of young women from the Woman’s Missionary Union. The Detained Missionary—Many a young girl with heart on fire with love vows her life to foreign missions. She finds that this vow, made in all sin- cerity, cannot be fulfilled. It may be that her edu- cation is insufficient; that her health is too frail; that she must be the only support of an aged father or mother. Alas, that it should have to be written, but it may be that, though fully equipped in every respect, the Foreign Board is unable to send her to the fields that cry for her labor because of the parsimonious support of the tens of thousands at 322 IN ROYAL SERVICE home. What shall she do? Is her vow then of no avail?. Kar from ity nitvmade Gn \sincerity,)she will find a way to make her life count in the com- ing of the reign of Christ, which cannot be universal until the dark spot near at hand, as well as the re- motest heathen land, is made bright by His pres- ence. How one woman found her work at home, and what she did for mountain girls and boys, is told in the story of Miss Sullinger, who may stand for the women teachers in the mountain schools. Martha Sullinger, Home Missionary Teacher. 1903-—— The Precious Gift——James Sullinger and his wife, Jane Botts Sullinger, were devoted Christians, and their daughter, Martha, came into the precious birthright of a pious home. Deacon Sullinger had been a charter member of the church of Mexico, Missouri, and his little girl was a regular Sunday- school attendant. She entered Hardin College when her diligence and ability enabled her to win her A. B. degree at sixteen, being the youngest person ever awarded that honor by the school. The next year the thoughtful young girl decided that her life could only find peace and fulfillment through belief in Christ and allegiance to Him. IN ROYAL SERVICH 323 Having given herself to him, she immediately threw herself into church life, serving where she found opportunity. Her life as teacher took her to Bards- town, Kentucky; Charlottsville, Virginia, and Lex- ington, Missouri—where she taught in the woman’s colleges. Offering for Foreign Missions.—After long thought she determined to become a foreign mis- sionary. She sent her application to the Foreign Board and waited. The appointment was delayed. As has been the case for many years, the wait- ing list was long. Young men and young women whose work would have blessed the heathen lands were told to stand aside. There were no funds. While Miss Sullinger waited, her health gave way, and the question of leaving her own country was decided. Finding Her Place.—Her health restored, she did not deem herself excused from missionary service, because the way which she had at first desired had been barred. She read an appeal issued by the North Carolina Central Committee, asking for school teachers who would give without cost a month or six weeks of their vacations to teaching in the mountains. She was too far away to make the offer, but the appeal turned her thoughts to the mountain schools. She inquired into the needs and, turning from other lucrative positions, offered and was accepted as a mountain school teacher. B24 IN ROYAL SERVICE At Fruitland—She began work at Fruitland In- stitute, North Carolina. The school was then poorly furnished. There were not enough knives and forks to go round. The dining-room was so cold that the water froze during meals. But a determined spirit of self-help and courage among the pupils kept their bodies and hearts warm, and her heart went out to them. Gradually she made a real home out of the bare walls. Through her appeals the socie- ties helped to furnish some of the needs. The num- ber of pupils grew. She and her fellow-workers kept the religious standards high, lived the simple life with their pupils with such whole-soul good cheer that none could complain. At Burnsville—When, largely through her ex- ertions, life became easier at Fruitland she was sent to Burnsville, North Carolina, to go over it all again and do for that school what she had done for Fruitland. After two arduous years there she re- turned to Fruitland, where she has been for the last five years, and where it is hoped she may be for many years to come. “Miss Sullinger is Lady Principal, and in addi- tion to the work required of her as such, she teaches nearly every period of the day. She superintends the housekeeping, the marketing, the cooking, and mothers the girls, in fact, ministers to their physi- cal, intellectual and spiritual needs. Miss Sullinger works also with the boys, in whom she has always taken a lively interest, She helps them in the after- TN RO VAG ST RIV ICE 325 noon, and they come again in the evenings. She aids them in their studies, helps them prepare their meetings and encourages them in Christian work. Several of the young men graduates who have been under her influence are now studying in the Theo- logical Seminary. The record of Fruitland Insti- tute is that the close of each year finds most, and often all, of the boys and girls in the school con- verted and active members of the church. She has clear conceptions of life and has onened life to the young people in a most remarkable way. She is a woman of indomitable energy. She touches the life of every one of the students, who last year num- bered two hundred and fifty-three.” Of her own life, Miss Sullinger says, with char- acteristic thankfulness: The Things That Count.—“The Lord has led me mostly along smooth, even paths. A Christian home, where from my earliest recollection the Bible was ‘The Book’; a godly father who knew his Bible; an unselfish mother who has lived that we might be useful women; a pastor, who placed me even in my teens at the head of the primary department of our Sunday-school; a godly woman who took me into her Sunbeam work and trained me in my young womanhood in misisonary activities; even the great grief of my life, when the Lord called my father unto Himself, leaving me much of the re- sponsibility in carrying out his plans, that each of the three younger sisters might be equipped with a 326 IN ROYAL SERVICE thorough college training even as I had been, are a few mile-stones on my path. All along the way he has given me the best, the most inspiring friends; men and women who live again when the Lord uses me in my little corner of His vineyard. “T do not feel that my life with our Highland boys and girls has been one of sacrifice, but rather one of the most blessed privileges and opportunity. The Lord has been good to me, and led me not where my early visions and desires pointed, but where He had use wor me.: So Miss Sullinger gives joyous service in the Highlands and stands as a type of the home mis- sion school teachers. Among them are many noble women, such as Mrs. Belle Mitchell, whose bright, cheery presence creates a joyous atmos- phere in the girls’ boarding hall at Doyle Col- lege; Miss Minnie Meyers, whose gentle, winning grace charms the hearts of her pupils in the primary department, and touches all phases of the school and church life at the same school; Mrs. W. A. Woodall, who has influenced not only the girls at Haywood Institute, but has reached the women of a very large section; Mrs. Sandlin, of Oneida, who as a young woman gave up means and large social position to give herself to the girls and boys of the mountains, and Mrs. R. L. Moore, of Mars Hill, who, while not teaching in college, has, as the wife of the president, been one of the strongest factors in the development of the life ideals of the student INO ROY ATA SERV ICE 327 body, and whose impress hundreds of young men and women will carry through life. The Foreigner.—It is doubtless quite natural that we should consider more the effect of immigration on us than on the millions of foreigners coming to America. After all is said, the truth remains that the result to both has been a vast commercial gain. The new-comers have filled the wide waste places of the West, helped to build our cities, created wealth, and, in most cases, shared to a considerable extent, in the wealth created. In the second gen- eration they are absorbed into the life of the country and make a large proportion of the best element of our population. For the most part, however, they have been trained in religious beliefs, whose teachings and ideals are at variance with those of our own coun- try. They are members of a state church, by right of birth, rather than by personal acceptance of Christ, Roman Catholics, holding the Pope as su- preme earthly authority or, driven from all religious teaching by the hard hand of a state religion which has united with a tyrannical government to crush out all freedom of body or soul, make anarchy a creed and confuse license with liberty. Since a man is as he thinks, the introduction of these alien re- ligious ideals has been a serious menace to Christian America. In 1850 we had erected upon the puritan foundation laid by the larger part of the first settlers, a free, Protestant state. 328 IN ROYAL SERVICE The World’s Magna Charter.—While it would be unjust to attribute to the immigrant alone the great swinging away from the religious ideals of sixty years ago, it cannot be denied that they have had a large share in the change. It is, therefore, vastly important, for our own religious preservation as well as for the individual salvation of the new-comers, that we meet them with an open Bible, the world’s Magna Charter of freedom and hope. The mis- sionary to the foreigner has long been a recognized part of our home mission endeavor, and the port misisonary has stood under the outstretched hand of Liberty, welcoming men from all lands in the name of the God of Liberty. It is fortunate if the voice of welcome has still a foreign accent, tell- ing that here in the new land one of their own country had found not only a home but the spiritual happiness commended to them. Marie Buhlmaier, Missionary to the Foreigners. 1893-—— The Girl from Wurtenburg.—lIn the spring of 1868 Carl Buhlmaier came to America from Wur- tenburg, Germany, seeking a home for his wife and the four children who followed him in the fall. ‘The oldest of the children was nine years old, Marie, who had been carefully and religiously trained. IN ROYAL SERVICE 329 Though her entire school life was only three years, she had made good use of the opportunities offered ~in the schools of the famous old city. The Bible was one of the textbooks. She learned hymns and was thoroughly drilled in the Catechism. To leave the old home was a sad wrench. In New York many trials awaited them, and Marie and her mother often mingled their homesick tears. At ten she became a wage-earner. School was an impos- sible luxury. But knowledge is for those who seek it. In hearing the school lessons of the children in her charge she found that she, too, was gaining in- formation, and she eagerly studied with them. The Baptism.—A change in the modest home brought the family into a “nest of Baptists.” The name was unknown to Marie, who inquired, “What are those things, mother?” The Baptist neighbors at first made little impression upon her, except to make her take especial pride in announcing to the children of her acquaintance that she was a Luth- eran and, doubtless, to show them with much superiority, her confirmation dress, when that im- portant day, in the life of a Lutheran child, arrived in 1873. But a visit to the German Baptist Church, soon after, the gospel sermon and the warm invita- tion to come again made a lasting impression. After a hard struggle with pride and self-righteousness she was forced to acknowledge to herself that while she knew much of Christ she had never trusted Him as her personal Savior. In the fall of the year of 330 IN | ROVAR SERVICE her confirmation, she was baptized into the Bap- tist Church, her parents soon following her. Her talents were recognized, and at the age of fifteen she became for a time a visitor and church worker for the First Baptist Church of Harlem, New York. After this came years during which circumstances prevented her from engaging in active Christian service, but in which she was gaining wisdom for a larger work. Coming to Baltimore.—Twenty years ago Miss Buhlmaier was appointed missionary of the Home Board to the Germans in Baltimore. In 1857 the Home Board had realized that the increasing number of foreigners were an important mission field, and missionaries, to the Germans in Louisville, New Orleans, St. Louis and Baltimore were appointed. It was impossible to maintain the missionaries during the war, but the work they had begun was not lost. Immediately after the close of the war, feeling the need of such work, the Maryland Union Association appointed Mrs. Lysa Ringgold and Mrs. Annie Brittian, Bible readers among the Germans, Irish and Americans. As soon as the Home Board could reinstate its work, it reopened its mission among the Germans in Bal- timore, and it was this work which Miss Buhlmaier joined. | A Day at the Pier—Instead of attempting to fol- low Miss Buhlmaier year by year, let us see her at her work today. To spend a day with her at the IN ROYAL ' SERVICE 331 immigrant pier is an experience never to be for- gotten. The long line of new citizens pass one by one through the entrance gates, and the rigid ex- amination. The moment of their release from this trying ordeal she is with them. There is a cheery greeting; the child is lifted from the weary arms of the mother; the telegram is sent to the relatives out in Kansas or Nebraska; the long German loaf for the hungry children is purchased; the fresh milk for the little one bought; help with the trouble- some baggage is given. ‘Then, when the first con- fusion of landing is over, the Testament and the tracts come out. They are in six or eight lan- guages, and are supplied by the Sunday-School Board from the Bible Fund. The immigrants land- ing in Baltimore, which is the third entry port in the United States, are from Northern Europe, and Miss Buhlmaier has learned to understand some- thing of several of the languages which are chiefly heard at this port. When the books are seen there is a rush. Every one is eager for the free gift of a book in his own language. But with each goes a personal word, a question about the Christian life; a promise is received to read the Bible in the new home; even the Jew says he will not condemn Christ unheard. Each is given a map of the United States, on the back of which are the names and addresses of the German Baptist pastors in the large cities, who in- vite them to their churches and promise any help 332 IN ROYAL SERVICE they can render. * * * At last the busy day is over, Miss Buhlmaier and Miss Froelick, her as- sistant, have said the last word of farewell to the mothers who were strangers in the morning, but are now warm friends. The long line of immigrant cars has pulled out, carrying many copies of the gospel tucked away in the foreign-looking baggage, and many a warm, living word in the heart. The seed is widely scattered. Now and again news of a garnered sheaf comes from some far distant city. But whether the message comes or not, the seed is left in faith with God, who alone giveth the increase. The Detention House.—The immigrant work, however, is not over. Its saddest part is in the Detention House. Here those about whose fitness for entrance there is doubt are kept by the govern- ment for further examination. Here she meets the tragedy of the divided family, some of whose mem- bers on account of disease must be deported. Here she consoles the sick; strengthens the hope of those who must wait. Here the seed planted often bears fruit in the long week of weary waiting, and some go back to the old world, and some into the new with the new friend, Christ Jesus. Many Duties—When her care for the immi- grants is over, there is work among the hundred thousand Germans in Baltimore. She is the friend of the German children. Her sewing schools are the missionary’s delight, and it is a pleasant sight to see the eager children crowd around her and hear IN ROYAL SERVICE 333 them talking merrily in their home language, which is not allowed in the public schools. Beside this, there is the demand for talks, for Miss Buhlmaier is a rarely gifted speaker. After twenty years in Baltimore the new-comer, who is more gladly heard, must be indeed gifted. Her quick sense of humor, her deep sympathy, her ability to tell a story, her never-failing supply of fresh items of deep human interest; above all, her great and simple faith that God will give what she asks, and the proof of his answers, make the minutes all too short. She has made many journeys over the Union, telling of the spiritual needs of the foreigners, and there is a widespread feeling of disappointment if she fails to attend an annual meet- ing of the Union. There are few women in it who are so widely known and loved. She never comes among us without drawing us nearer to God. This foreigner has brought blessings not only to her own country women, but to many in the land of adoption. With her stand such workers as Miss Roseman and Miss Reitdorf, of St. Louis, and Miss Froelick, of Baltimore, and Miss Gertrude Joerg, of Tampa, Fla. The work is greatly needed over our wide land, and the workers are too few. Our Foreign Sisters.——Now and again in mission reports and addresses we catch fleeting glimpses of the Bible woman, the native teacher and native trained nurse, ‘To them the missionaries attribute 334 IN ROYAL SERVICE a great part of the increase. They make grateful acknowledgment of their zeal. They tell of the in- Spiration they receive from their joyous, steady faith, When they are called from work to rest, they miss them deeply and lovingly cherish their memory. Yet because of their different ways of life and dress, and particularly because of their names, which come haltingly to our tongues, they are little known to us as individuals. Yet they are a part of the work of Southern Baptist women. One by one, from the days of Jane Maria to the present, they have been led into the light by our misison- aries, and now, grown to be a splendid company, they stand side by side with them. They have charge of the day schools under the supervision of the missionaries; they are their co-workers in the boarding schools; they accompany them on their long, hard missionary journeys; they find the open doors where they may visit; they stand beside them at the operating table; they teach the Sunday-school classes; they meet the women of their own country heart to heart and life to life, and draw them into the new and higher life they have found. Without them the missionaries would be workers with but one hand. In our older missions, both in Europe and South America, and also Asia, we find here and there a family in the third generation of church member- ship, while it is not unusual to find workers who were born into Christian homes. IN ROYAL SERVICE 335 Mrs. Zee, The Bible Teacher. The Mother.—Mrs. Zee’s Christian mother is Zung Ta Ta. When an infant Zung Ta Ta’s father and mother died. She fell into the hands of a wicked woman and was sold into a life of bitter shame. By and by she became the “little wife” of a man who loved her and treated her kindly, though the “big wife’ made her life bitter with jealousy. It was after the death of a child that, with a bitter heart and longing for some relief, she stopped to listen to Deacon Wong. The result was that she found peace in Christ, and led her husband to Liisnieet, In answer to prayer, God gave her two children, a son and a daughter. Never was a daughter more truly dedicated to God’s service or raised in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. After her husband’s death, Zung Ta Ta became a Bible wo- man, and beautifully did her own life exemplify its teachings. Gentle, kind and faithful, she was a living epistle in whose text, illumined by the grace of God, all might read of joy and peace in believing. She later became Miss Kelly’s chief helper. Her light shone out, not only to the heathen, but to the whole mission, her life of tireless devotion and love was a constant inspiration. Brought up in such an atmosphere, we are not surprised to find the child of prayer working side 336 IN ROYAL SERVICE by side with the mother. Mrs. Zee is as gentle and loving as her mother. Having been trained from her childhood in Christian work, she is even better prepared to meet its many demands, and though her quiet life has not taught her the depth of human woe which has given her mother the gen- tle touch on the heart wounded too deep for words, she is greatly loved. She is now a teacher in the Smith Bible School, and Miss Kelly’s yoke-fellow in many departments. Gradually the women of our churches in Shanghai have been coming to feel the privilege of giving. They have little, by our stand- ards, but their hearts of love for the heathen women around them make them give gladly. A year anda half ago, Mrs. Zee led out in making the work among the women and children self-supporting. It was a statesman-like undertaking. She alone felt its possibilities, but the vision had been born in prayer, and she did not doubt it. She prayed and talked until a few others caught her view. At the close of the first year there were sufficient funds in the treasury to meet all obligations. All the Bible women but one were supported by the women in Shanghai. That one is dear Zung Ta Ta, who still blesses the mission, and, though old, is doing some of the best work of her life. Since this self-dependent movement, in which Mrs. Zee had so large a part, began, there has been no lack of volun- tary workers, both in Shanghai and in the country around. INV ROVAT SERVICE 337 Mrs. Zee and the School Girls—In the fall of 1912 the school girls in the Eliza Yates School were asked if they did not wish to have a place set apart for a quiet hour for Bible reading and prayer. They eagerly responded. At seven each morning one could have seen a group of earnest girls, some of whom had not yet openly confessed Christ, bend- ing over their Bibles. One Monday morning in December Mrs. Zee led the morning prayers, and asked all who wanted to be Christians to stand. Fourteen girls rose. This was the beginning of special meetings, led by Dr. Yang, which lasted until the holidays, and which left in the hearts of the girls a new devotion to Christ. In the Bible School.—Mrs. Zee’s very own work is in the Smith Bible School, where there are forty- six women. She pressed the duty and joy of volun- teer work upon them. Gladly they undertook the large service she planned. ‘They wished to have a misisonary of their own. So they chose Mrs. Ony and sent her to work with Miss Price. But giving was not enough. ‘They undertook a new personal service. In October, six of the women in the Bible School and Miss Woo, teacher in the day school, went on an evangelistic trip to several outlying country places. ‘They paid their own expenses, including boat, food and servants, They came back rejoic- _ ing, and it was good to hear them tell how the peo- ple listened eagerly and intelligently. 338 IN ROYAL SERVICE So the work spreads. As the Chinese women take up this volunteer evangelization of Chinese women by Chinese women, we recall that through the gifts of our women missionaries in Shanghai long ago, the first purchase of property held in the interior by any mission was made. ‘These repre- sentatives of ours have passed the torch to the hands of our Christian sisters in China. Their numbers are yet few compared to the great host of heathen women still around them, but many like Mrs. Zee are “thoroughly heart and soul in the work.” Names to Remember.—In spite of their strange sound, the names of some of our Chinese workers in Central China who delight in Christ’s service, should be remembered. There are Mrs. Tong and Mrs. Li, who render valuable assistance in the church for the Cantonese; Mrs. Dzi in the Bible school, and Miss Wang, the converted Buddhist nun, who works at Yang Chow. Others equally as faithful are joining their work with that of the mis- sionaries in Northern and Southern China. The influence of the trained worker is seen in Mrs. Ku, of North China mission, whose mother before her was a Christian, and was able to read her Bible. Mrs. Ku was trained in the Woman’s Training School, and now in the estimation of the mission- aries “exerts for Christianity an influence which ex- ceeds the combined influence of ten untrained wo- men, no matter how devout they may be.” Of such IN ROW AE SERVICE 339 workers as these and the faithful girls who go out from the Eliza Yates School, Miss Kelly writes: “These are my greatest gift and blessing in all my years of labor in this country.” The Missionary Family.—Glance down the mis- sionary list of today, and your eye will catch names familiar in old records, or see the same name re- peated again and again. The missionary family has come to be an acknowledged type in mission work. Sons follow fathers, daughters take up their mother’s work, or sisters and brothers together en- ter the fields toward which their parents’ hearts have long turned by prayer and gifts. Our South- ern Baptist Foreign Mission work is rich in such missionary families. We have seen Miss Whilden and her sister taking up the work their mother hoped to do; Miss Anna Hartwell joining her life with that of her missionary family, and Miss Lottie Moon following her younger sister to China. Today we find the children treading in the steps of the fathers on almost every field; W. C. Newton, of China, whose parents died in Africa; Miss Cath- erine Bryan, who is working with her father in China; Mrs. Anderson, who follows the work of her father, Dr. George Green, of China; Mrs. Whitting- hill, carrying on the work of her father and mother in Rome; the Sallee family, of which a brother and two sisters are in China, and many more. 340 IN ROYAL SERVICE Ermine Bagby Sowell, of Argentina. 1908— A Little Girl in Brazil—For our type of the missionary family we turn to our youngest mission —Argentina. It was in the first, hard years of their mission work in Campinas, Brazil, that little Ermine came into the new home of Mr. and Mrs. Bagby. The little foreign girl early knew the meaning of missions. She knew why she did not go to the big cathedrals, or take part in the numerous pro- cessions in which, to her childish eyes, the little girls of her own age, with their white dresses and wreathed heads, looked very attractive. She, too, attracted attention. She was her mother’s charge, and she was fortunate to be one of the growing group of children to whom, since they could not at- tend the Catholic schools, their mother was teacher. So well was she prepared by her mother and father that when she returned to the United States to com- plete her education, she was able in four years to complete her course at Baylor University. Home Again.—But Brazil was her home, and eagerly her heart turned towards the land of her birth. Not only did home, but the work to which that home was dedicated called her. She was ap- pointed missionary in 1903. With what open arms she was received, how mother and father planned INVROVAT SAR VICH 341 the work she was to do, how they looked forward to years of companionship in service may be easily imagined. For three years these dreams were ful- filled, and they worked happily together in Sao Paulo. The New Field.—Then the call of a new field Come) oue;married Key. 15. Mi Sowell and sailed for Argentina. Three years before he had gone out as our first missionary to this large and promising field. Now his young wife went with him to live over her mother’s life as a missionary pioneer in a new territory. Active persecution has not been felt in this republic which, more than any other South American country, is attracting immigration from Europe, but there is all the misunderstanding and all the long, faith-trying waiting which must ever be the portion of the pioneer worker. In Buenos Ayres.—In the great city of Buenos Ayres, Mr. and Mrs. Sowell are busily at work. The little church of eighty members under Mr. Sowell’s charge has services in Spanish and Italian. The women are the special charge of Mrs. Sowell. Among them she and Mrs. Justice have worked hard to organize both work and study. They are slowly but surely winning their way. Much thought centers round the Theological School, of which Mr. Justice is president. True there are only nine pupils, but the work has been begun with high ideals, and with the determination to make it, un- der God, “the mightiest factor in the evangelization 342 IN ROYAL SERVICE of Argentina and the neighboring republics.” Thus a part of a work full of hope, this missionary’s daughter stands for a group who, taking the ban- ner of the cross from their parents’ hands, will carry it on toward its ultimate victory. The Training School Girls Abroad.—No group in missionary work, either at-home or abroad, is des- tined to grow more rapidly than that of the Train- ing School girls. Led by the same motive, an ever- increasing number gather in the House Beautiful year by year. From its doors they scatter to many lands and fields, but the love of the school, the close friendships formed there, and the Alumnae Asso- ciation make cords of fellowship which bind them together from the ends of the earth. The Principal Duties of a Principal._—Mexico, Japan and China already have Training School girls and Brazil is soon to receive one. By far the largest number have gone to China, our largest and oldest field. We can only glance in on a few of them. We find Miss Sophia Lanneau and Miss Spain- hour happily living together in the girls’ new school compound at Soochow, where the grounds are fast being changed from a wilderness to a fitting setting for the beautiful new buildings. A day school had prepared the way for a boarding school, which Miss Lanneau opened in February, 1911. Of the first year the young principal modestly said ‘The work was hard, for I did not know how to manage either the school proper, the boarding department or the IN ROYAL. SERVICE 343 general work connected with a new and undeveloped compound. The actual teaching is the easiest part of the principal’s work, and the part I enjoy most. The handling of money, overseeing repairs, settling squabbles and battling with dirt and carelessness are the things that call for Christian patience.” But whatever she may have felt to be her inability to meet these various duties, she did meet them all. The school has grown and will continue to grow. In the second year six of the school girls were bap- tized, while others profess to believe in Christ, and seem very earnest, though they are held back often by fear of persecution at home. Missionary A, B, C’s——In Northern China at Tengchowfu we see Miss Jane Lide, who is soon to be joined by her sister, Miss Lide, who as Miss Lanneau, cannot remember a time when she did not know of missions and desire to help them. “When I was a very little tot,’ writes Miss Lide, “my father accepted the pastorate of the First Baptist Church in Charleston. I started to school at five years of age, to Miss Eliza Hyde, whose memory is a sweet savor in South Carolina. Her sister says she thinks Miss Eliza taught the alphabet thus: A for Africa, B for Brazil, C for China, etc. At home the same kind of influence surrounded me. I was reared on stories of Miss Lottie Moon and Miss Lula Whilden. As far back as I can remember I have said I would go to China as a missionary.” 344 IN) ROYAL: SERVICE The First Sunday.—Miss Lide also is the princi- pal of a girls’ boarding school. She and her Chinese girls are close friends. We will open the door of her darkened study and listen to what transpired there on a quiet Sunday night. “On the first Sunday of the new year, just a week before our commencement, we had a very beautiful ‘commencement’ for the new year. During a quiet little evening service, three girls accepted Christ. After the close of the service, when the girls had gone to their rooms, I put out my light and was sitting beside my study fire, when there came a knock at the door. I opened it and found four girls. The older girl, a Christian, spoke for the others, saying that they had wished to confess their faith in Christ, but were timid about speaking out in the service, and then each of the three younger girls spoke for herself, expressing her wish to trust and follow the Savior. After some minutes of talk with them, I sent them to bed, as it was past time. Presently there came another knock, and I found another girl at the door. She said her heart was sad because she hadn’t confessed her Savior, and she wanted to accept Him and follow Him. Seven consciences awakened by the Holy Spirit, seven hearts touched by Divine love! My heart was lifted up to God in praise. Next morning the eighth girl came to me to say that she, too, had decided to trust in Jesus. Wasn’t it a precious ending of a year’s school work and beginning of a new year?” INV ROMA TeV SERVICE 345 It must not be imagined that real literary work is not done in these schools. The Bible comes first, but there is also arithmetic, history, geography, physiology and civics, all arranged to meet the needs of Chinese life, and all, of course, taught from Chinese books. ‘This is no easy task for either teacher or pupils, though the latter are said to com- pare favorably with American girls in industry and ability. In Kimonas and Rebosos.—In Japan we catch a glimpse of Mrs. Maude Burke Dozier, surrounded by an interested group of Japanese women and girls, in their dainty kimonas, to whom she is giving special lessons, and follow Mrs. Margaret Cobb Rowe as she goes out among the women of that land of flowers. In Mexico we would walk with Miss Laura Cox as she went visiting among the women who open their doors with gentle courtesy and stand listening wrapped in their graceful rebosos. Yet we would have many more to see ere we followed them all in their wide work. As their numbers and their years in the field increase we will find them ever doing a wider and more far-reaching work, until their history shall be interwoven with that of every mission field and almost every mis- sion station of our Convention. The Training School Girls at Home.—To follow the steps of the Training School girls at home would take us to the mountain schools, where a 346 IN ROYAL SERVICE number are teaching. Here we will find Miss Mollie Baker, who, coming from the mountains, has re- turned to them with deep desire that the school at Barboursville may do for others what another mountain school did for her, and who, not only in the school, but in the church, is exerting a wide influence. We would find Miss Margaret Tweedy in the Baptist settlement of Norfolk, touching the lives of many around her with the health and heal- ing of the gospel. We would go up and down as we followed the busy daily rounds of a city mission- ary’s life in Asheville, in Savannah, in Indianapolis, in Lynchburg, in Kansas City, in Chicago, in Okla- homa and other cities, or see them busy among the mill people in several industrial centers. If we visited the offices of the State Committees we would find them directing their large cor- respondence or hastily tucking a package of mis- sionary literature in the suitcase which is to go with them on a round of associational visits. Activi- ties of the girls in the home land covers almost every field, in which a woman’s hand may not only glean, but in which she may plant and water a vineyard. The Jubilate Session.—Such was the Union in organization and in widespread representatives when its twenty-fifth anniversary drew near. In the hearts of those who had known anything of its past or who were helping to make its present, there rose deep thankfulness. “What are we,” they said, IN ROYAL SERVICE 347 “that we should be able to offer to the Lord after this sort? We gave Him some of our time and a small part of our money, and we find in our hands this great gift. Truly God has given the increase.” In thankfulness the coming anniversary was named The Jubilate. The first great celebration was to Demin pt. Louis, May 18,)°1913)\ the day) oni which ninety-nine years earlier the first national gathering of the Baptists of America had convened in Phila- delphia. From this, other celebrations were to continue throughout the year, extending to every society from the largest city to the remotest hamlet. With thought and prayer the plans were laid. Poets and musicians were called in; our foreign missionaries from seven countries sent greetings or representa- tives and the flags of their adopted countries; choirs were gathered and invitations were sent to the of- ficers of all the great woman’s organizations in the United States. The Offering.—There was no thought of going up to this great occasion empty-handed. The Southern Baptist Convention was engaged in gath- ering two great offerings, bound up with the very life of the misison work it had created since its organization sixty-eight years ago—the Church Building Loan of $1,000,000 for home missions and the Judson Centennial Equipment Fund of $1,- 250,000 for foreign missions. The blessings of God on home missions efforts had created three thous- 348 IN ROYAL SERVICE and homeless churches. ‘To deny them this help to independent church-hood would be to hold back in a large measure, the blessings He intended to flow from them to the communities in which they had been planted with such pains. In foreign lands the number of our missionaries, of Christians gath- ered and the teeming opportunities had far out- grown our equipment. They must have two hun- dred thousand dollars for publication work, two hundred and fifty thousand for building churches, eight hundred thousand for the equipment of schools. ‘To do less was to dwarf the growth of the work watered with tears and nurtured by prayer and sacrifice; was to continue to urge men and wo- men to give their lives to missions and then send them out crippled. These great funds, amounting to $2,250,000, were to be raised within three and five years, while the general maintenance of the work went on, not only without lessening, but constantly increasing. No one who knew the Baptists of the South in their present numbers and financial abil- ity doubted their ability to do these large things. In 1918 they gave to foreign missions $543,000.00 and three hundred and sixty-nine thousand to home missions. But this was far, far below their ability, and, though a wonderful increase since the impover- ished days of the early seventies, was in no sense in proportion to their increased ability. Of these amounts the Woman’s Missionary Union, as for some years past, reported more than one-fourth. TN RO VATE SH RV LOH 349 As a part of the great whole, the Union determined to throw itself heartily into the completion of these two funds for the work which was theirs also. Hence the thought of the twenty-fifth anniversary in St. Louis carried with it the thought of a worthy gift. The Union in Session.—Not since we saw thirty- three women tucked away in the basement of a church in Richmond, twenty-five years ago, have we glanced at an annual meeting of the Woman’s Missionary Union. It will be interesting to look in on a session of today. First there is a long day of Committee meetings—the Margaret Home Boards; the Training School Boards and the Ex- ecutive Committee meeting. Everybody in the great city knows that the Woman’s Missionary Union is coming, for the newspapers have been talk- ing of it for days. ‘The committee doors are be- seiged by reporters asking for group pictures and personal interviews with the officers. “Now really would you mind,” urges a woman reporter, “telling me, just as a friend to friend, what you think of wo- man’s suffrage, and what you believe girls should be taught in the public schools?” But the officers stick to missions, and the reporters go away thinking them very poor copy. The next morning the church in which they are to meet is the center to which all the women on the streets seem to be converging. It is not neces- sary to ask questions. Just follow the crowd of 350 IN ROYAL SERVICE women. Downstairs there are bureaus of regis- tration and information, the literature sales depart- ment, a free literature display, an exhibit of mis- sion methods gathered from the states, rest rooms, tea rooms, writing rooms and a postoffice. A small army of the women of the city have been working for months to make all this machinery run so smoothly that one pays them the compliment of for- getting that any machinery is at work. On Business Bent.—By nine there is a large com- pany gathered in an upper room for the Quiet Half Hour. By 9:30 the large auditorium is filled. The hour strikes. The delegates from eighteen states gather under their banners, the home and foreign missionaries are given their places of honor, and work begins. ‘The session lasts two days, and the interest never lags. It is too short for all that presses to be heard. On the last day the Southern Baptist Convention is in session just a few blocks away, but it cannot divert the attention of those who are deep in the study of the work entrusted to their care. By present constitutional limitation each state is restricted to one state vice-president and twenty representatives, but the representative and registered visitors ran up over a thousand. After the two days’ business session there is an- other full day of committee meetings, an informal social afternoon, meetings with the missionaries, an all-day council of the officers and a Sunday after- noon session devoted to hearing from the fields. To INVROYAL SERVICE 351 attend one annual session is to ever afterward stand with one’s face in that direction during the second week in May. In St. Louis.—‘‘When I die,” said one of the dele- gates to the Jubilate Session in St. Louis, “you will find this Jubilate pin and program among my precious things.” The younger women promised themselves to be at the Jubilate Session of 1938, and the older women hoped that their daughters would be there wearing their pins and filling their places. It was a time of summaries and compari- sons. The thirty thousand dollars of the first year had grown to $300,000 in the twenty-fifth, or ten times the amount given in 1888-1889. The money contributions to missions were not far from two million and a half. The fifteen hundred societies of the first year had increased to more than eleven thousand. The varied activities had grown to large proportions—the Training School with its forty resident and ten non-resident students, the beauti- ful Margaret Home standing ready to care for the children of the missionaries during their separation from their parents; the Literature Department, unique in carrying one of the largest and most va- ried collections of missionary leaflets “of all Boards on all fields”; Our Mission Fields, with a wide and growing circulation; the busy central office in Baltimore, with its four or five clerks; the eighteen State Central Committees, each one working out its own state problems, but each one working in per- 352 IN ROYAL SERVICE fect harmony with the whole. It was a remarkable summary of organized growth. We viewed with joy the work of the women who represented us in China, Japan, Africa, Italy, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, and knew it was made possible by our gifts. We thought of the wide frontier and the foreigners passing through or settling in our bounds, of the mountain schools and felt that with- out us much of this work could not go on. As we held the world in our sympathy, we rejoiced that we had helped in many fields. Sister Unions.—The best was yet to come. The Union opened her arms and welcomed the sister Unions. The oldest of these is the Woman’s Mis- sionary Union in connection with the Brazilian Bap- tist Convention, now in its fifth year. It began with twenty women and three children’s societies. Year by year it has grown until it now has seventy-five women and twenty children’s societies with a mem- bership of 1,250 women and 600 children. Last year they contributed over four thousand dollars. The constitution of this Union, with a few changes, is the same as that of the Union at home. The Cen- tral China Union is next in point of age, having been organized three years ago. Its greetings were sent in a Chinese letter written by its Chinese sec- retary, who said: “We are trying to plant the same seed that you have sowed beside all waters. We send our greetings to you, with our Rainbow flag—the flag of our infant republic.” INP ROYAL)! SERVICE 353 The Woman’s Missionary Union of North China was organized a year ago with Miss Lottie Moon, who has so recently gone to Heaven, as first Presi- dent. The plans of the Woman’s Missionary Union of South China were already made, and their first ses- sion was to be held in a few months. The Wo- man’s Missionary Union of Cuba, which called itself still an infant in arms, had been organized by Mrs. H. C. Peelman, of Florida, when on a visit to that country in February, 1913. Thus the Union’s name and purpose had been taken round the world. Henceforth, by resolutions offered by the mission- aries who represented them on this occasion, the sister Unions are to be represented in the Union each succeeding year by reports or some missionary at home on furlough, “that all work done by South- ern Baptist women may be more closely linked to- gether for mutual helpfulness.” The Climax.— Here,” said the President, holding a ring in her hand; “here is a diamond which, with- GUtva, tame was put inthe collection basket.’ \: It illustrated the spirit of the offering of $36,000 which was made that Jubilate Day (May 18, 1913). Rich women gave their thousands, little children their pennies. One gave $5,000 as a thank offering to build a school. Another, who did not count her- self rich, had sought for something worthy to give, and having received in answer to prayer an offer of $1,000 for a piece of property, brought the en- 354 IN ROYAL SERVICE tire sum. Some whose hearts were more with the need abroad gave more largely to that; some who felt the call of the home land loudest in their ears, more to that. It was a fitting climax to the swelling choruses; the review of the past and the prophecy of the future; the stately possessions, gay with the flags of different lands; the banners of the states and the costumes of the nations. The Future.—The future was the word sounding in the ears of all as the first twenty-five years of ser- vice closed behind the Union. In the immediate fu- ture they looked out upon a year of joyous celebra- tion, when Jubilate hymns should be carried on the breezes from the seaside to the mountains, when Southern Baptist women would pour out memorial gifts of thanksgiving, which would grow into churches to shelter God’s people in our own land, and hospitals and schools and churches in seven mission countries, and when in their own communi- ties these would be left behind some definite form of Personal Service for their spiritual uplift. The Onward March.—To stir Southern Baptist women to meet in the further future the great op- portunities which are theirs by their splendid organ- ization, by their inheritance of faith, prayer, sacri- fice and works, by the returning and increasing prosperity of the South, by the million Southern Baptist women, by the call of the field at their doors and by the hands that beckon through the open gates of the world—is the purpose of this book. INO ROYAL SERV ICH, 355 As we have together studied the mission work of Southern Baptist women we have seen that with only a tenth of them enlisted in active mission ser- vice, and comparatively few of that number making proportionate contributions to missions, great things have been done. Through the lives of the mission- aries we have caught glimpses of the great unoccu- pied field, or fields in which the harvest, the seeds of which were sown in tears, is now perishing for the want of reapers. The Union has solved its prob- lem of organization, it has won the admiration of all who know its work, it has broadened the lives of those who have given themselves in any true meas- ure to its service, it has sent out from its ranks those who are shaping the religious future of our own and other lands, it is the recognized channel for the missionary gifts of Southern Baptist women, it has taken its place among the great, progressive wo- men’s mission organizations of our country. Its possibilities and responsibilities are almost over- whelming. To meet them it will be necessary to place greater emphasis on certain points which need no elabora- tion. ‘To them all will give ready assent. To carry them into effect, however, calls for active participa- tion. Business Efficiency.—Great business efficiency is a requirement of growth. This will necesitate a suffcient staff of workers, trained in business methods, at the central office and in the state 356 IN ROYAL SHRVICE offices. ‘This need can only be supplied when the societies realize the benefits which will accrue to the work by a more liberal investment in expenses. Better business efficiency will also include on the part of the societies, the study of methods by its off- cers, the training of committees to responsibility for work intrusted to them and a regularity in col- lecting and sending in funds which will equalize the flow of contributions throughout the year. Every Woman.—An every woman campaign must be carried out on broad lines. This must include not only the enlistment of the women now in the churches, but the creation of such a missionary be- lief in the church that every woman who enters it will be expected by the terms of her church mem- bership, to definitely align herself with mission work. It will also necessitate the training of the children of the church so that Christianity, missions and church membership will be a pervasive thought and church membership will be as inseparable in their minds as in the mind of Christ. Missions must be a pervasive thought in the Sunday-school, the mission band and the organizations for older chil- dren being for fuller instruction that can be given in the Sunday morning hour, but the membership of one inseparably connected with the other. In the societies there must be an atmosphere of loving, thoughtful, self-sacrificing Christian Sister- hood which will lead to mutual helpfulness to one another and united exertions for the highest good of PA ROVOAE SERV ICH B57 the women and children of our communities and of all the world. Wider Knowledge—The third necessity for measuring up to our opportunities and responsibili- ties is wider and more sympathetic knowledge of what missions have accomplished and what they contemplate. The Mission Study class commends itself for this end. The mission magazine is a great educator. Our own and interdenominational mission gatherings in which the Union must ever take a larger place as a mission world factor, give magnificent opportunities for broadening the mis- sionary horizon. There must also be a higher stand- ard of mission presentation in the regular monthly meetings. Intellectually it is not too much to ask that the Missionary Society expect the same de- gree of preparation which the same women would give to a literary club. In cities where large num- bers of women gather, arrangements should be made for lectures not only on missions, but on foreign countries and our own. We cannot hold women long even by a cup of tea, in this new day of educational development, if the program offered awakens their intellectual contempt. No guide of- fered by lesson or magazine can meet the require- ment of an advanced society without wise adapta- tion and correlated study. ‘The last can be made possible by the missionary library and by seeing that the public and traveling libraries have books on missions. ‘The mission view is the world view. 358 IN ‘ROYAL SERVICE Workers.—The broader intellectual appeal of mis- sions will go far towards meeting the next neces- sity,—an atmosphere in the home which will make missionaries. This does not only mean foreign mis- sionaries, but home missionaries, and not only paid missionaries, but women who enter voluntary mis- sion service with the same enthusiasm and deter- mination, either under the direction of a board or in their own communities. Something of the hor- ribly heroic still attaches to foreign mission work. Not until the foreign missionary ceases to be “that poor dear child,” and the home missionary “the wo- man who was always a little different from other girls,’ and both stand out as those who are sanely fulfilling a high, noble mission, through which they will find their fullest intellectual and spiritual de- velopment and their highest happiness, will the great numbers of workers necessary offer them- selves. When both are put on this plane, our brightest and best equipped young women will rejoice to put themselves in line for missionary training, and not only go to home and foreign fields, but voluntarily disentangling themselves from home pleasures, will with equal devotion give themselves to work for the spiritual and physical upbuilding of their own communities. } But even this is not enough. The salvation of the world waits the unreserved enlistment for life of the great mass of Christians irrespective of loca- DN RO NEAT oiis RVC H 359 tion, of occupation, or of appointment other than that of Christ, when He said, “I have chosen you and ordained you that ye should go and bring forth Poiith,, Stewardship.—The conception of the stewardship of means must be strengthened. Regularity of gifts must be succeeded by proportionate contribu- tions. The Lord’s tenth must be steadily pressed, and furthermore the setting aside of a definite part of this tenth for missions. Divine Guidance.—Greater emphasis on these five points are necessary if the Union fulfills its pos- sibilities in the coming years. Yet not one of them will be properly carried out unless the sixth is woven in and through all: A determination to see and hold God’s point of view for the salvation of the world, through deep and intelligent study of His Word, and prayer for His enlightenment and guidance. Not the good past, not the opportunity-filled present, not the appeal of any voice but God’s can lead the Union to wholly achieve its mighty mission. Led by God into the field of soul saving, to follow Him implicitly is the only promise of full and com- plete victory in our Royal Service. FOR THE MISSION STUDY CLASS. A1m.—To show that this is the hour for mighty conquest for Christ; to urge the Baptist women of the South, as a great host, to strengthen themselves to publish the glad tidings. 360 IN ROYAL SERVICE BIBLE Reapine.—Christ’s Mission to Women. Study 6. To Make Them Messengers of the Gospel:—His thought for a woman in His death—John 19: 25-27. Watched on the Cross by women—Luke 238: 40. Followed to His grave by women—Luke 23: 55 and 56. First news of His resurrec- tion told to loving women—Mark 16: 5 and 6. First mes- sage of resurrection given to women—Mark 16: 7%. First appearance to a woman—John 20: 11-18. PERSONAL THOoUGHT.—How can I live, pray, go, give, that no one for whom He has intrusted to me the message of His resurrection shall perish without it? SUGGESTED CHARTS.—The King’s orders: “Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.” PARALLEL READING.—Southern Baptist Foreign Missions, Chapters 11 and 12; Brazilian Sketches: Mission Work of Southern Baptist Convention, Chapters 12, 15 and 17; Home Mission Task, Chapters 8, 13; The King’s Business, Chap- ter 5. f fe Sint ee i ¥ 1) : hhoe ron, 7 ae ait Baer ait tink Mat fF Ay i iF 4) Pha th Le eet on i a AG avn {Nw aay PS i APPENDIX 362 8061 £061 S061 006T $061 aqziqg 806T 906T or6r 806T G16T or6t TT61 TT6T YOST £06T 6681 868T “LEY G06T S06T FO6T FO6T VO6T vO6T FO6T vO6T VOGT 6061 006T 006T 006T 6681 868T 968T 968T poss SVX, “BA C68t | PSU ‘ay “ALVLG eeoeeeeces ***TOISUIA ‘H pusig “BIL eeeevene “Aqeyon yy att stuUuB sy “SIP A SORTER ROSE UIE) oo] VIOG SST] SSB SOEs OOU9AOL | [[VFT AV “SIP ee seUIOU LT, UID ouay “si Sen ea aa SSINUG IOSUIQOH *f “SJ "8" COJALT, S}LOGOY SITJON “SIYT * SMOPBI UBUILLITPY SVOIOG “SIT "Tees" "eux Aqeyon FT V1OD “sIPY Ono Gio OC LOSECL AOS uouuey ‘fy sel AntuaO ODay TESS TOYOOID “HM SIN PONTO OW **-gueerd ‘IT BULLY SSP eee ee er ee eee a ees ‘g “a SST AT “HAV N 098T POST OL8T y98t 606T OS8T SPST PS8T TSsT “agIG SSeS T68T T98T 6681 6981 6&8T Pst eest OgsT GSsT S78T “LEY 0981 098T 8S8T 8st SST egsT TS8T OS8T OS8T 678T SP8T LYST LY8T OP8T 9F8T 9F8T 9F8T ‘ay "PRI Se eae eae DUO cae. 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BIBLIOGRAPHY. Foreign Missions of the 8S. B. C., H. A. Tupper, 1880* A Decade of Foreign Missions, H. A. Tupper, 1890.* Memoir, Rev. Luther Rice, James B. Taylor, 1840.* Early Baptists of Va., Robert B. C. Howell, 1857.* Memoir Mrs. Henrietta Shuck, J. B. Jeter, 1846.* Two Centuries of the First Baptist Ch. of 8. C., H. A. Tupper, 1883* The First Century of the First B. Ch., Richmond, Va., H. A. Tupper, 1880.* Morning Hour of American Baptist Missions, A. L. Vail.t Price $1.25. The Missionary Work of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1902, Mary E. Wright, 78 The Story of Yates the Missionary. Charies E. Tay'or, price 50c. Fifty Yearsin China (Life of Dr. P. T. Crawford), L. 8. Foster, Price 75c. Southern B. Foreign Missions, T. B. Ray, Price 50c. The Home Mission Task, V. I. Masters, Price 50c. Italy and the Italians, George Broadman Taylor, price 68c. George Boardman Taylor, George Braxton Taylor, Price $1.50. The Yoruba Country, 8. G. Pinnock, Price 15c. Brazilian Sketches, T. B. Ray, Price 50e. Ona Mexican Ranch, Mrs. Janie P. Duggan, Price 50c. Romanisminits Home, J. H. Eager, Price 50c. Forty Yearsin China, R. H. Graves*. The Home-Maker, Lula P. Wharton, Price 10c. Western Womenin Eastern Lands, Helen Barrett Montgomeryf, Price 50c. China’s New Day,J. T. Headland}, Price 50c. The Upward Path, Mary Helm}, Price 50c. Ann of Ava, Miss Hubbard}, Price 50c. The King’s Business, Maud W. Raymondy},f, Price 50c. -*Out of print. fAll books on this list except those marked ‘‘t’’ bear directly on Southern Baptist Mission work and were written by members or missionaries of that body. tAll Books not out of print can be purchased through Educational Department, Foreign Mission Board, Richmond, Va. APPENDIX Byal APPENDIX C. FOREIGN MISSION BOARD ORGANIZATION OF THE S. B. C. 8S. B Convention Pres. J.B. Hutson, Cor, See., R. J. Willingham, Editorial Sec., Wm. H. Smith, Educational Sec., T. B. Ray Rec. Sec., W. A. Harris, Treas., R. R. Gwathmey, Auditor, J. D. Crump, Organ, Foreign Mission Journal, Headquarters, Richmond, Va HOME BOARD. S. B. Convention. Pres., John F.. Purser, Cor. Sec., B. D. Gray, Asst. Cor. Sec., J. F. Love, Rec. & Office Sec., M. M. Welch, Editorial Sec., V. 1. Masters, Sec. of Enlistment, A. C. Cree, Sec. of Evangelism, Weston Bruner, Auditor, C. A. Davis, Organ, The Home Field, Headquarters, Atlanta, Ga. SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. S. B. Convention. Pres. E. E. Folk, Tenn., Cor. Sec .& Treas., J. M. Frost Rec. Sec., A. B. Hill, Auditor, Roger Eastman, Sunday School Publications, Headquarters, Nashville, Tenn. WOMAN’S MISSIONARY UNION. Auxiliary to S. B. Convention. Pres., Miss Fannie E. 8. Heck, Cor. Sec., Miss Kathleen Mallory, Rec. Sec., Mrs. A. C. Johnson, Treas., Mrs. W. C. Lowndes, Asst. Rec. Sec., Mrs. H. M. Wharton, Auditor, Mrs. J. P. Hoopes, College Correspondent, Miss Susan Bancroft Tyler, Secretary Literature Department, Mrs. W. R. Winner. 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S. Constitution.. 18 American Baptist Home Mission PCAC EV Ne eae te via so. gescyia ets 82 American Baptist Union......... 82 Analytical Repository ........... 30 Argentine Mission ............ 340-42 Arkansas Central Committee, i ’ Armstrong, Mrs. Mary........... 188 Dee TICe etude tas ss <3 T2227, Miss Annie W..... 120,132, 139, 156, 170, 177, 187, 190 APACE vO MM TSNT AS Cures cons vas vals 131 Associations Organized, Pee . 16 Athens, Female Mite Society.... 51 TSS AT SUAS BEV fMRI Gly, a a 22 Bagby, Mrs. Annie Luther, Sheth) oe Oeste ciate cslee b's ss 282-88 atker a PlarrreterAueen,.is «sss ccieen 86 DAlLIIMONE, OOCIEtV Melee sive css cticles 36 WY OINAT'S V SOCTEL II Gs sos os oacaets 93 Woman's tAUuxtiary 16... ses¢ 97 Papers, Hatiy iGrowtl. .....(iseees 22 General Association of Va..... 17 World's tA litatcemumecs. o2ecehas 83 Baptism, First Woman in hang hai teenies fos cesses eoop eds MPATLIGL DO ASKEE Cress ssccaeanenes 127 PALL MASSE PAWN) ccs see e aces 189 EZ SUUN IES Ba St BU) 2) 9 Og 120 Beulah Female’) Society....e. = 134, 197 Slaves, Christian Work for.. 66-69 CMT CHES Sac a suites cette Appendix South Carolina, Convention...... 61 Central Committee..... 100, 113-128 Southern Baptist Convention, OPE AM ITER oes fsa Seaman: , 88 CHER CETSH ORT a at'a sc te Verca sis-9 Appendix 379 PAGE Sowell, Ermine Bagby, Sketch, 340- 42 State Vice-Presidents of Union, rg Av OR MER 5 UO a 131 Stakley Wi Mirsiy Cura tae eon 131, 189 Standard of Excellence....... 219-21 SSEOMTE I GMAT MLN sate an dren Ut 100 IM esi Tokiry isaac ey Me aL e 127 Sanbedme icy Be swe eee Ae 164-169 Churches isi ale ceca wane ae 166 Schoo eae an en CURL Tany CRA Rn MT 167 Sunday School Board........... 197-8 GEE GOE 2 va Misaee coco eee wer 199 Sullinger, Martha, Sketch..... 322-26 Tai’ Ping Rebellion: sc ceacdeee esses 238 FE AVAOT WH) Luts oil sects cee ee wis araatnts g 102 (CHAT Bh ea see pa RIAA A rae i sveistecete 134, 272 George Braxton .......... 164-66 Susan Spotswood, Sketch...270-276 Tennessee Cen. Com...... 128, 146-8 Dexa.) Karly Works. sce caie tae ts 75-8 Central Committee......... 106, 128 Theological Seminary ...... 194, 199 PEO MU GHU MUG iia dle atalea wee save aulate aoe CEHLOTH EON, MUCH Coes ne alae we a Oo chaebol ae 137, es "176 MLCMIOMIAL HUA Nels cilgoudy is dane 192 Townsend, Mrs. Hepizabeth..... 28 rane OChOotie ae he wesc tec 194-202 Settlement eunewo cca cree 203-4 Endowment and Enlargement..198 GHEE HOE: Wales tet estes ealeic sa sla etre tioverale 199 Girls\\in Fields. .)..0506% +0 0642-346 Triennial Convention.......... 34, 83 Southern Societies in Organi- ZAULIOMP weleieie eielalele)stersieie vistainsieisials upper H Anus nes Nate LOD. er 174 rs. BEATA AP UAE EP AAI Hi 5 MESSMO oes ce a ty 560, 281 Twenty-fifth Anniversary, Bee 3 Lyles Susan biesue Sedeee ne eieled's'etOk AS OH A Vas SIONS seal Sa eal aia Virginia Foreign Mis. Sou ie ds Central Com. ....103, 104, 122, Bs Wadmalaw and Edisto MET SOCLELY eva uelee onan us palisbiaeely Oe Watleriiyghniviie yp awcsy camer sere 12 Walne, Mrs. Claudia “McCann, PICCECEETI. ga sytanauaatcgeauioe - 301-5 Washington, George ........ sale Wine Webbit Mary tite Olu Me io Melee ere Week ‘of Self) Denial. woes ere | 158 VV OCSER TID NE ony Isl ile sui elena 277 Whilden, Mr. and Mrs. Ba Win254 Pula; Skhepen we soc cyay 134, 253-63 380 PAGE Whitfield, Mrs. Theo............. 127 George ye eee Rat ante eee ate a2 Wilson, Mrs. Franklin........... 106 Mrciustainbacky ac. deeeeeeee 107, 131 Willingham, Ro Jecc ieee ee 175 Williams, Mrs. J. Wai ee 98 Woman’s Missionary Union So- ClELy, | UNeEWw. ay ork 3/429 eee 96 Woman’s Mission to Woman..98-100 Woman’s Mis. So., Richmond...130 Woman’s Missionary Union, Organization oc. eae 127-133 First General Officers....eeeeee 0132 INDEX PAGE First State Vice-Presidents....131 First Ten Years, Summary..169-70 Officers, Present......... Appendix Contributions for 25 Se ARE Rate ad staan e oooeeess Appendix Weight.) Mary) oe. c. saneccslan es 206 Yates, Matthew T..2....0. aro atatae 133 Eliza Moring, Sketch.. sales 236-243 Muy Mrowe Baptismior sss tosee se 247 Yorubas Missiane ayaa viicecos 134 Zee, Mrs., Sketch...... Mee sdanp Wooo ; Nie Malan , ulti Wty i Fe ids ity! mie) een Fe rato. Ve ae Wr) ait bik Pats tate ae Beye 4 : ee tit ie Baetutenties aa rs : 2%) E49 vit bate State late : hiner eetiecetutenrerst tet t re bo eet at AYE. at zy ee Ey ita) othe sas raiaty j a nae ah wat : i Eras es ; i AL yee toes tary te, hy he . pe ry ete a PLATE: Ars pote ae La ee od te epee eas aint Pavers yi pets mar Stretton eae 2 h x . sft : sapbtncata tbat hers : tote :) oe: hemi aa Ste i ; ri phism bee Sea Sashes Fj a Seeebnedins ‘ ripe ehites ot ; eatin petit > ws . rere Ere ra athe beyond yo: ‘