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 WHY NORTH CAROLINA SHOULD ERECT AND 
 
 PRESERVE MEMORIALS AND MARK 
 
 HISTORIC PLACES. 
 
 ADDRESS BY 
 
 J. BRYAN GRIMES 
 
 BEFORE THE NORTH CAROLINA LITERARY AND HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 RALEIGH. N. C . NOVEMBER A. 1 909 
 
 [Reprinted from the North Carolina, Review, Literary and 
 Historical Section of the News and Observer.'] 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 
 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/whynorthcarolinaOOgrim 
 
WHY NORTH CAROLINA SHOULD ERECT AND 
 
 PRESERVE MEMORIALS AND MARK 
 
 HISTORIC PLACES. 
 
 ADDRESS BY 
 
 J. BRYAN GRIMES 
 
 BEFORE THE NORTH CAROLINA LITERARY AND HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 RALEIGH, N. C . NOVEMBER 4. 1909. 
 
 [Reprinted from the North Carolina Review, Literary and Historical Section of the 
 News and Observer.] 
 
 This afternoon marks the tenth an- 
 nual session of this association. Just 
 a decade ago a company of patriotic 
 North Carolinians gathered together 
 and organized the State Literary and 
 Historical Association. The purposes 
 of the organization are: 
 
 "The collection, preservation, pro- 
 duction and dissemination of State 
 literature and history; the encourage- 
 ment of public and school libraries; 
 the establishment of an historical mu- 
 seum; the inculcation of a literary 
 spirit among our people; the correc- 
 tion of printed misrepresentations con- 
 cerning North Carolina; and the en- 
 gendering of an intelligent, healthy 
 State pride in the rising generation." 
 
 As a result of their efforts: 
 
 (a) Twenty-four hundred libraries 
 have been established in rural public 
 schools, containing two hundred thou- 
 sand well selected books with a read- 
 ing circle of a million people. 
 
 (b) The Hall of History has been 
 established containing the best collec- 
 tion of historical relics to be found 
 in the South. It is annually visited by 
 more than 50,000 sons and daughters 
 of the State to whom the exhibit Is a 
 revelation and an inspiration. The 
 display is an object lesson which in 
 a few minutes demonstrates and 
 teaches more of the State's history 
 than can be learned in months of 
 book study. Under the enthusiastic 
 and devoted care of Col. F. A. Olds 
 this museum has grown to be the pride 
 of the State, and now contains over 
 seven thousand articles, many of them 
 of priceless historical value. It is in 
 its infancy and when domiciled in a 
 fire-proof building it will easily mul- 
 tiply itself to seven times seven thou- 
 sand relics. 
 
 (c) This association has caused the 
 establishment of North Carolina Day 
 in the public schools whereby one day 
 
 in each year is devoted to the celebra- 
 tion of North Carolina history. On 
 that day more than half a million 
 children with their relatives and 
 friends gather together to hear the 
 story of their mother State. 
 
 (d) In an effort to preserve the in- 
 tegrity of our history and defend the 
 State from misrepresentation, it set- 
 tled beyond question our claim of 
 "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettys- 
 burg, Last at Appomattox." These 
 are no longer controverted state- 
 ments in our history and we have 
 chiseled the facts on imperishable 
 granite and placed upon the gory 
 fields of Bethel, Chickamauga and Ap- 
 pomattox stones marking North Caro- 
 lina's positions. 
 
 (e) This association has inculcated 
 a literary spirit and a desire for his- 
 toric research among our people, with 
 the result that more literature is now 
 being written in North Carolina than 
 she has ever before produced. Un- 
 der its influence a gifted Carolinian 
 has offered a jeweled cup to the au- 
 thor of the best work of the preceding 
 year. 
 
 (f) A few years ago the student of 
 North Carolina history had to rely 
 upon almost inaccessible manuscripts 
 and the obscure writings of William- 
 son, Martin, Hawks and a few others. 
 It is true, Murphy, Graham, Jones, 
 HJubbard, Swain, Wiley, Davis and 
 some others at a later period wrote 
 ably and well, but we had nothing 
 from them approaching the dignity of 
 a story of our people. 
 
 In the midst of many difficulties 
 Wheeler and Moore with great labor 
 dug out much of the history of North 
 Carolina. Then came Saunders with 
 his monumental work, the Colonial 
 Records, followed by Judge Clark with 
 his State Records, covering the period 
 from 1776 to 1791. 
 
With the two hundred years of our 
 State's life, our history writers could 
 be counted within a score. Now more 
 than a score are at work in a labor 
 of love telling the story of an heroic 
 past and a teeming present and the 
 task has just begun. Within the decade 
 Battle, Ashe, Graham, Clark, Hill, 
 Peele, Weeks, Connor, Hamilton, 
 Nash, Clewell, Pittman, Boyd, Sims. 
 Allen, Hoyt, Waddell, Sikes, Noble, 
 Schenck, Haywood, Bassett, Grady, 
 Dodd and others have written and are 
 now writing with accuracy and ability. 
 Today a scholar desiring to study the 
 history of North Carolina would go to 
 the University of Wisconsin rather 
 than to our own University; to the 
 capital of Wisconsin or Massachusetts. 
 rather than to our own capital for his 
 material. In a few years all this will 
 be changed. 
 
 Among other credits due the Litera- 
 ry and Historical Association is the 
 creation of the North Carolina Histor- 
 ical Commission. The act establish- 
 ing it declares that, 
 
 "It shall be the duty of the Com- 
 mission to have collected from the 
 files of old newspapers, court records, 
 church records, private collections, 
 and elsewhere, historical data pertain- 
 ing to the history of North Carolina 
 and the territory included therein 
 from the earliest times; to have such 
 material properly edited, published t>y 
 the State Printer as other State print- 
 ing, and distributed under the direc- 
 tion of the Commission; to care for 
 proper marking and preservation of 
 battle-fields, houses and other places 
 celebrated in the history of the State; 
 to diffuse knowledge in reference to 
 the history and resources of North 
 Carolina; to encourage the study of 
 North Carolina history in the schools 
 of the State, and to stimulate and en- 
 courage historical investigation and 
 research among the people of the 
 State." 
 
 This Commission is not only gather- 
 ing records, manuscripts, historic ma- 
 terial and relics, but it is endeavoring 
 to arouse our people to the necessity 
 of preserving our memorials and im- 
 press upon them the importance of 
 telling the story of the Old North 
 State in paintings, marble and bronze. 
 It is making an effort to secure the 
 erection of monuments to the great 
 men and great events in our history 
 and as far as possible to locate and 
 mark historic sites in North Carolina. 
 The State Literary and Historical As- 
 sociation from now on should lend 
 itself and bend itself to co-operate 
 with the Historical Commission to 
 that end. 
 
 Prom the earliest civilizations of 
 antiquity, nations have adorned their 
 
 halls with statues of their rulers and 
 patriots and ornamented their walls 
 with pictorial stories of national traits 
 and heroism. By song and story, pic- 
 torial history and allegory they have 
 kept ever present before their peoples 
 the hero traditions of their races. They 
 have garlanded their triumphs and 
 woven the willow and cypress to make 
 more sacred their lost causes. Not 
 only should we cluster in and around 
 our capital such monuments and me- 
 morials, but we should mark the his- 
 toric places within our State and 
 such places within our neighboring 
 States as have been made sacred by 
 the blood of our hero soldiers and 
 have been the scene of their prowess 
 and valor. 
 
 To the traveler there must be a feel- 
 ing of disappointment when he comes 
 to North Carolina. Accustomed as he 
 is in visiting the capitals of the old 
 world to read their history and study 
 the li-'J of the nations in monuments 
 and marble busts, in portraits, great 
 paintings and magnificent buildings, 
 he cannot but feel and be impressed 
 with our want of pride. In the States 
 to the north of us every hamlet and 
 every city has markers, tablets and 
 monuments commemorating every im- 
 portant event in its history; every 
 man who has served his State is re- 
 membered with granite, marble or 
 bronze. Their story is told to all the 
 world, their greatness proclaimed to 
 all men and their States enriched by 
 their services and their people are 
 ennobled in the eyes of the world and 
 elevated in their own self esteem. 
 
 What avails a great deed after the 
 crisis that called it forth has passed, 
 if it is not recorded? It is lost, its 
 memory is gone, its example is wasted; 
 whereas, if recorded it will live to in- 
 spire others to emulate, and its story 
 will enrich the world. We must study 
 the past to guide and inspire the pres- 
 ent, avoiding its weaknesses, emu- 
 lating its successes and profiting by 
 its experiences. Our life and our 
 being are part of it — built on it. If 
 built on honor and virtue, our future 
 is safe; if characterless and weak, the 
 future is less hopeful. "We must 
 know how we became what we are in 
 order to become better than we are." 
 
 "The roots of the present lie deep in 
 the past, and nothing in the past is 
 dead to the man who would learn how 
 the present came to be what it is." 
 "Men may rise on stepping stones of 
 their dead selves to higher things." 
 Because we are a Democratic people 
 with Democratic tastes is no reason 
 why we should withhold honor from 
 those who have served us faithfully 
 and well. 
 
A gifted author has written, "A 
 democracy, fellow citizens, cannot af- 
 ford to be ungrateful. Built as it is 
 upon loyal service and patriotic sacri- 
 fice, the day of its forgetting will be 
 the day of its undermining." Justice 
 has not been done our dead, we have 
 not been jealous of their fame and 
 zealous in seeing that they have re- 
 ceived their just meed of praise, 
 neither have we been grateful for 
 their services. The people of North 
 Carolina have been doers rather than 
 writers. They have been wanting in 
 State pride and that lack has been 
 largely for want of a State history. 
 They have lacked self assertion and 
 self appreciation because there was 
 no record to which they could appeal. 
 Those who would defend their State 
 were ignorant of the testimony. We 
 have been sensitive because historians 
 neglected or misrepresented us, while 
 it has largely been our own fault, as 
 we have expected others to do for us 
 what we have not done for ourselves. 
 We had to learn that we must keep 
 our own records to receive proper 
 credits. North Carolina has been sub- 
 jected to ridicule, misrepresentation 
 and malignment from the day of Seth 
 Sothel, Urmstone, Byrd and Chalmers 
 on down to the ninth edition of the 
 Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 1, pg. 
 719) where we find, after a discussion 
 of the thinkers in the South, "Nor is it 
 too much to say that mainly by their 
 connection with the North, the Caro- 
 linas have been saved from sinking to 
 the level of Mexico or the Antilles." 
 
 We are unknown to the outside 
 world because we are almost unknown 
 to ourselves. The early royalist 
 
 writers draw unkind pictures of us be- 
 cause "the most inconsiderable com- 
 munity of North Carolina has never 
 relinquished the flattering gratifica- 
 tion of self rule." Many of our own 
 historians fell into the error of accept- 
 ing the royalist views and even some 
 of our more recent painters have 
 clouded rather than illumined the can- 
 vas in making the picture of the early 
 Carolinians. He was the freest of the 
 free. He demanded the rights under 
 his charter and under the Great Deed 
 of Grant. With him the fundamental 
 ideal was self government and he 
 waged a continual fight against usurp- 
 ed authority, resisting and arresting 
 any invasion of his guaranteed rights. 
 Patriotism was his religion, his hearth- 
 stone was his altar and he loved the 
 soil that gave him inspiration, 
 strength and sustenance. 
 
 In our capitol today the only monu- 
 ment or bust is to a South Carolinian. 
 Eight empty niches in the rotunda in- 
 variably provoke comment from the 
 
 historians, scholars and sightseers. 
 These blanks misrepresent our State 
 as it leaves the impression that we 
 have had no sons whom we admired 
 and esteemed sufficiently to commem- 
 orate in marble or bronze. It is the 
 purpose of the Historical Commission, 
 at an early date, to place in one of 
 these niches a bust of one of the great- 
 est men of the Union — William A. 
 Graham. We hope the people of the 
 State, acting through their legislature, 
 will soon fill them all with busts of 
 other great North Carolinians. 
 
 In the Hall of the General Assem- 
 bly there are three great paintings — ■ 
 only one of them to a North Caro- 
 linian — Zebulon B. Vance. In the 
 capitol grounds for generations the 
 only statue was of a Virginian, but in 
 the last decade a heroic statue of the 
 beloved Vance has been erected by 
 the State and the people. There has 
 also been erected a bronze figure to 
 the gallant Worth Bagley. 
 
 In the Statuary Hall at Washington, 
 both the niches assigned to North 
 Carolina are still vacant, though the 
 General Assembly of 1907 authorized 
 the placing of a statue to Vance in one 
 of them after 1911. 
 
 It would be to the credit of North 
 Carolina to erect memorials to the 
 leading characters in the most re- 
 markable incidents in her history. We 
 should preserve the name and fame 
 of such men as John Culpepper, 
 George Durant and Capt. James 
 Blount, leaders in the Culpepper Revo- 
 lution against usurped power. They 
 were the first men in America to set 
 up a government independent of royal 
 authority. An effort is now being 
 made by patriotic ladies in Pasquo- 
 tank County to mark the place where 
 this assembly was held. There should 
 be a memorial to John Porter, the 
 father of democracy in North Caro- 
 lina, the leader of the people in their 
 fight for chartered rights and against 
 the test oaths of an established 
 church. His lieutenant and successor 
 to leadership, Edward Moseley, should 
 also be remembered. Of him the 
 Hon. George Davis wrote: 
 
 "Of all the men who watched and 
 guarded the tottering footsteps of our 
 infant State, there was not one who 
 in intellectual ability, in solid and po- 
 lite learning, in scholarly cultivation 
 and refinement, in courage and en- 
 durance, in high Christian morality, 
 in generous consideration for the wel- 
 fare of others, in all the true merit, 
 in fine, which makes a man among 
 men could equal Edward Moseley." 
 
 Col. Saunders said, "And to him, 
 above all others, should North Caro- 
 lina erect her first statue, for to him, 
 above all others, is she indebted for 
 stimulating that love of liberty regu- 
 
lated by law, and that hatred of ar- 
 bitrary government that has ever 
 characterized her people." 
 
 The day will come in North Carolina 
 when we shall see statues, monuments 
 and memorials to such men as Col. 
 James Moore, who in time of need 
 brought his South Carolina soldiers 
 to our relief and defeated the Indians 
 at Nohoroco. 
 
 To Col. James Innes, Commander- 
 in-Chief of the American forces in 
 the expedition to the Ohio against the 
 French and Indians, who as Governor 
 of Fort Cumberland received and pro- 
 tected the broken and fugitive forces 
 of Braddock on their flight from that 
 ill-fated field; (Col. Innes left his plan- 
 tation, Point Pleasant, and other 
 property to establish a "free school 
 for the benefite of the youth of 
 North Carolina.") 
 
 To General Hugh Waddell. a hero 
 of the Fort Duquesne expedition, the 
 foremost soldier of the colony and 
 the commander of an expedition 
 against the Indians. 
 
 To Samuel Swann, the veteran 
 Speaker of the Assembly; to "The 
 Great Ajax of the Revolution" in 
 North Carolina, the patriotic. and 
 lion-hearted John Harvey; to Corne- 
 lius Harnett, "The Samuel Adams of 
 North Carolina;" to Gen. John Ashe, 
 "The most chivalrous hero of the 
 Revolution;" to Richard Caswell, one 
 of the greatest of Carolinians; to John 
 Paul Jones, who made the stars and 
 stripes known and feared on every 
 sea; to Joseph Hewes, signer of 
 the Declaration of Independence 
 and organizer of the Ameri- 
 can Navy; to John Penn, 
 signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence; to Samuel Johnston, 
 Speaker, Governor and United States 
 Senator; to Col. Alexander Lillington, 
 of Moore's Creek fame; to Col. James 
 Moore, soldier of the Revolution; to 
 Thomas Jones, one of the authors of 
 the Constitution; to James Iredell 
 and Alfred Moore, the great jurists; 
 to General William R. Davie, ora- 
 tor, soldier, statesman and father of 
 the University of North Carolina; to 
 Willie Jones, statesman and leader; 
 to Nathaniel Macon, Congressman, 
 
 United States Senator, "The last of 
 the Romans;" to William Gaston, 
 jurist and statesman; to James C. 
 Dobbin, Speaker of the House of 
 Commons, member of Congress, and 
 Secretary of the Navy; to John 
 Branch, member of Congress, Gov- 
 ernor and Secretary of Navy; to 
 George E. Badger, jurist, United 
 States Senator and Secretary of Navy; 
 to Thomas Ruffin, one of the greatest 
 of American jurists; to Archibald D. 
 Murphey, scholar and jurist; to David 
 L. Swain, jurist, Governor and Pres- 
 ident of the University of North Car- 
 olina; to Weldon N. Edwards, states- 
 man and president of the Secession 
 Convention; to William L. Saunders, 
 soldier, editor, historian, statesman; 
 to General M. W. Ransom, soldier, 
 orator and statesman; to General 
 Thomas L. Clingman, soldier and Uni- 
 ted States Senator; to General D. H. 
 Hill, the hero of a hundred battles; 
 to General W. D. Pender, the superb 
 soldier who, had he commanded at 
 Gettysburg, would have saved the Con- 
 federacy, now lying in an unmarked 
 grave at Tarboro; to General J. John r 
 ston Pettigrew, brilliant soldier and 
 commander of the world -famed 
 charge at Gettysburg; to General Ju- 
 nius Daniel, the gallant soldier killed 
 at Spottsylvania; to Branch, Ander- 
 son, Ramseur, Gordon and others who 
 made glory for North Carolina, and 
 who sealed their devotion to their 
 State with their lives. 
 
 North Carolina has been criticized 
 for a want of spirit in not having 
 delegates attend the *Stamp Act Con- 
 gress at New York, October 2, 1765. 
 This colony's want of representation 
 was due to Governor Tryon's shrewd- 
 ness in preventing all meetings of the 
 North Carolina Assembly during the 
 Stamp Act troubles, which made it 
 impossible for the colony to select 
 delegates; but while the Stamp Act 
 Congress was passing resolves, the 
 Cape Fear planters led by the most 
 distinguished soldier of the Province. 
 General Hugh Waddell, and by Colo- 
 nel John Ashe, Speaker of the As- 
 
 * It is not generally known that Henry M'Culloh was probably the author of the proposal to extend 
 the Stamp duties to the American Colonies. ...,,„,. .j i, a~ +„ „™ 
 
 He proposed stamp duties "as a source of taxation by which the Colonies could be made to con- 
 tribute a quota to the cost of the late war * * * and to put these concerns upon a_Pr°Per 
 footing- it will be absolutely necessary to establish proper Funds in America, by a stamp Duty on Vellum 
 and Paper." Grenville adopted this suggestion and reaped all the fam'e and ill-fame of it. 
 
 See "Miscellaneous Representations relative to Our Concerns In America Submitted to tnefcarl 
 of Bute by Henry M'Culloh." Published by Wm. A. Shaw, Editor of the Calendar of Treasury Books 
 
 George Harding, Dealer in Economics. Historical Works, etc., 64 Great Russell St., London, W. C. 
 
 Henry M'Culloh was Inspector of quit rents in North and South Carolina (1739). Naval Officer at 
 Cape Breton ( 1746). Secretary and Clerk of the Crown for North Carolina. He owned over one million 
 acres of land in North Carolina, at the heads of Pee Dee, Cape Fear and Neuse Rivers. He was the 
 father of Henry Eustace M'Culloh and great uncle of James Iredell. 
 
sembly, were defying- the British Gov- 
 ernment. After having made the 
 Stamp Master sign a paper declaring 
 he would never execute the duties de- 
 volving upon him by this position, 
 they forced the Captain of the British 
 Sloop of War "Diligence" to surren- 
 der to their demands. This was the 
 first armed resistance to British op- 
 pression in America and a painting 
 of that scene should be familiar to 
 every child in this country. 
 
 As subjects for paintings worthy of 
 world fame that should adorn our 
 Capitol walls may be mentioned: 
 
 The landing of the English in 
 America. 
 
 The first English settlement and 
 fort in the New World. 
 
 Virginia Dare. 
 
 The first rite of Christian baptism 
 in America. 
 
 George Durant in 1661 buying land 
 from Kilcocanen, King of the Teopim 
 Indians, twenty years before the Wil- 
 liam Penn treaty at Uplands in 1682. 
 
 The Mecklenburg Declaration of In- 
 dependence, 1775. 
 
 Halifax Convention and Resolution 
 of April 12. 1776. 
 
 General Jethro Sumner's famous 
 bayonet charge at Eutaw Springs, the 
 most celebrated charge of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. 
 
 Eattle of King's Mountain. 
 
 General Robert Howe in command 
 of Virginia and North Carolina troops 
 driving Lord Dunmore, the British 
 Governor, to his ships in Norfolk har- 
 bor. 
 
 Andrew Jackson commanding North 
 Carolinians and Tennesseeans at the 
 battle of New Orleans. 
 
 Johnston Blakeley's battles on the 
 high seas. 
 
 Secession Convention of 1861 when 
 North Carolina left the Union without 
 a dissenting vote. 
 
 Pettigrew's world renowned charge 
 at Gettysburg. 
 
 Ramseur's Brigade saving the army 
 at Spottsylvania. 
 
 The Fourth North Carolina Regi- 
 ment at Seven Pines. 
 
 The Twenty-sixth North Carolina 
 Regiment at Gettysburg. 
 
 The Fifth North Carolina Regiment 
 at Williamsburg. 
 
 Capt. Tuttle's Company at Gettys- 
 burg. 
 
 The undaunted Hill at South Moun- 
 tain, where, with 4,000 men, he held 
 at bay for a whole day 30,000 men, the 
 flower of McClellan's army. 
 
 Hoke's capture of Plymouth. 
 
 The Albemarle fight at the mouth of 
 Roanoke River. 
 
 Fort Fisher, the greatest bombard- 
 ment in history. 
 
 Last at Appomattox. 
 
 James Iredell Waddell, commanding 
 the Shenandoah, carrying the Stars 
 and Bars around the world eight 
 months after Lee's surrender, and 
 other remarkable events. 
 
 At the University of North Carolina 
 is the great Memorial Hall upon 
 whose walls are tablets to her distin- 
 guished alumni, embracing many of 
 the most illustrious sons. On 
 the walls of the Philanthropic and 
 Dialectic Societies is probably the best 
 collection of oil portraits of distin- 
 guished men to be found in the South. 
 
 The sons of this institution have 
 adorned North Carolina life for more 
 than a century and their Alma Mater 
 honors them and herself in perpetu- 
 ating their memory, and the history 
 of the State can be read in the lives 
 of these men. At Chapel Hill was 
 built the first astronomical observa- 
 tory in the United States (1831) by 
 Dr. Joseph Caldwell, a president of 
 this institution. A monument to Dr. 
 Caldwell stands on the campus. Prof. 
 Olmstead, of the University, organ- 
 ized the first geological and mineral- 
 ogic survey in America. 
 
 In the State Library, Supreme Court 
 Library, Governor's Mansion and Ex- 
 ecutive office there are many portraits 
 of North Carolinians who have been 
 foremost in the service of the State. 
 
 At the Governor's Mansion there is 
 also a bust of Governor John W. Ellis. 
 There are also paintings and memori- 
 als to soldiers of the State in the 
 North Carolina Room in the 
 Confederate Museum in Richmond, 
 and at the Lee Camp Hall in Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 North Carolina has honored the 
 memory of some of her sons by 
 naming counti.es for them. 
 
 Alexander was named for the Alex- 
 ander family of Mecklenburg. 
 
 Ashe for Governor Samuel Ashe. 
 
 Buncombe for Colonel Edward Bun- 
 combe. 
 
 Burke for Governor Thomas Burke. 
 
 Cabarrus for Stephen Cabarrus. 
 
 Caldwell for Dr. Joseph Caldwell. 
 
 Caswell for General Richard Cas- 
 well. 
 
 Cleveland for Col. Benjamin Clove- 
 land. 
 
 Dare for Virginia Dare. 
 
 Davidson for General William L. 
 Davidson. 
 
 Davie for General W. R. Davie. 
 
 Durham for Dr. B. L. Durham. 
 
 Forsyth for Col. Benjamin Forsyth. 
 
 Gaston for Judge William Gaston. 
 
 Graham for Hon. W. A. Graham. 
 
 Harnett for Cornelius Harnett. 
 
 Haywood for Hon. John Haywood. 
 
 Henderson for Hon. Leonard Hend- 
 erson. 
 
Iredell for Judge James Iredell. 
 
 Jones for General Willie Jones. 
 
 Lenoir for Gen. William Lenoir. 
 
 McDowell for Col. Joseph McDow- 
 ell. 
 
 Macon for Nathaniel Macon. 
 
 Mitchell for Rev. Dr. Elisha 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Moore for Judge Alfred Moore. 
 
 Nash for Gen. Francis Nash. 
 
 Pender for Gen. W. D. Pender. 
 
 Person for Gen. Thomas Person. 
 
 Polk for Gen. Thomas Polk. 
 
 Rutherford for Gen. Griffith Ruth- 
 erford. 
 
 Sampson for Col. John Sampson. 
 
 Stanly for Hon. John Stanly. 
 
 Stokes for Hon. John Stokes. 
 
 Swain for Governor David L. Swain. 
 
 Vance for Governor Zebulon B. 
 Vance. 
 
 Wilson for Col. Louis D. Wilson. 
 
 Yancey for Hon. Bartlett Yancey. 
 
 The great growth in the past few 
 years of patriotic organizations in 
 North Carolina promises much for the 
 development of historic interest in the 
 State. Now at work are the various 
 Confederate Memorial Associations, 
 the Daughters of the Confederacy, the 
 Society of the Cincinnati, the Sons of 
 the Revolution, North Carolina His- 
 torical Society at the University, 
 Trinity College Historical Society, 
 Wachovia Historical Society, Alamance 
 Battle Ground Association, Guilford 
 Battle Ground Association, Moore's 
 Creek Battle Ground Association, 
 North Carolina Society of the Daugh- 
 ters of the American Revolution, 
 North Carolina Society of the Daugh- 
 ters of the Revolution, King's Moun- 
 tain Battle Ground Association, Daniel 
 Boone Association, John Charles Mc- 
 Neill Memorial Society and others. 
 
 The most pathetic, the most tragic, 
 the most heroic, the grandest figure 
 of all the ages, is the Confederate 
 soldier at Appomattox. Over his vis- 
 ion comes the scene of the smoulder- 
 ing ruins of his boyhood home. His 
 land is drenched in blood. An old 
 widowed mother weeps for his father 
 who gave his life for a lost cause 
 and prays for her son's return. A pal- 
 lid and sickened wife overwrought 
 and overworked struggles in vain for 
 bread, the hunger-cry of his starv- 
 ing children maddens his brain, the 
 shot-torn, lifeless form of his brother 
 lies piled unburied in the trenches 
 behind him; half starved, half naked, 
 foot-sore and emaciated he stands. A 
 far-away look is on his face, tears 
 furrow his powder-sta'ned, dusty 
 cheeks, but there is the light of bat- 
 tle in his eye, the fire of a great un- 
 conquerable principle within his 
 heart. Resolute and undaunted he 
 turns about and with bitter protests 
 at being surrendered, begs his old 
 
 commander to lead him back to battle, 
 back to the field of blood and death; 
 pleading he stands as the life-blood 
 of the Confederacy ebbs away in the 
 smoke of the North Carolina guns at 
 Appomattox. 
 
 To the Confederate soldier North 
 Carolina has erected a great monu- 
 ment in the Capitol Square at Ral- 
 eigh. The State has also placed a 
 monument at Appomattox which bears 
 on the north side this inscription: 
 
 "Last at Appomattox. 
 
 At This Place the North Carolina 
 
 Brigade of Brigadier-General W. 
 
 R. Cox of Grimes' Division 
 Fired the Last Volley 9 April, 1865. 
 M„.ior-General Bryan Grimes of North 
 
 Carolina 
 
 Planned the Last Battle Fought by the 
 
 Army of Northern Virginia and 
 
 Commanded the Infantry 
 
 Engasred Therein, the Greater Part 
 
 of Whom Were North Carolinians. 
 This Stone is Erected by the Author- 
 ity of 
 The General Assembly 
 of 
 North Carolina 
 In Grateful and Perpetual Memory of 
 the Valor, Endurance, and Patri- 
 otism of Her Sons 
 Who Followed with Unshaken Fidel- 
 ity the Fortunes of the Confed- 
 eracy to This Closing Scene, 
 Faithful to the End. 
 Erected 9 April, 1905." 
 
 On the south side is a list of the 
 North Carolina Brigades with number 
 of troops paroled at Appomattox. The 
 east and west ends are devoted to 
 North Carolina's war record. 
 
 At Appomattox markers have also 
 been placed on the spot where a bat- 
 tery was captured the morning of the 
 surrender by the North Carolina 
 Brigade of General W. P. Roberts, 
 and at the place where was fought 
 the last skirmish by Capt. W. T. 
 Jenkins, of the 14th North Carolina 
 Regiment, commanding men of the \ 
 4th and 14th regiments. 
 
 At Bethel, the Bethel Monument As- 
 sociation of Virginia and North Car- 
 olina have erected a monument to 
 Henry Lawson Wyatt, and North Car- 
 olina has placed a marker where 
 Wyatt fell. 
 
 At Chickamauga, the State of North 
 Carolina has erected a monument "To 
 mark the point attained by the Six- 
 tieth N. C. Regiment on September 
 20, 1863;" another "To mark the point 
 attained by the Thirty-ninth North 
 Carolina Regiment on September 19, 
 1863;" another on Snodgrass Hill "To 
 mark the extreme point attained in a 
 charge by the right of the Fifty-eighth 
 North Carolina Regiment about 6 p. 
 
m., September 20, 1863;" and yet an- 
 other on Snodgrass Hill where the 
 Thirty-ninth North Carolina Regiment 
 crossed the Federal line about sunset 
 September 20, 1863. 
 
 Another monument at Chickamauga 
 has been erected by the Asheville 
 Chapter of the Daughters of the Con- 
 federacy and friends of Sixtieth North 
 Carolina Regiment. "Thi.s marks the 
 spot reached by the Sixtieth Regi- 
 ment North Carolina Volunteers about 
 noon September 20, 1863, the farth- 
 est point attained by Confederate 
 troops in that famous charge." 
 
 To the Confederate soldier a grate- 
 ful and responsive people haye erect- 
 ed many monuments, and others are 
 now being raised. Among them may 
 bo mentioned those at: 
 
 Asheville, Bentonville, Charlotte, 
 Columbia, Concord, Edenton, Frank- 
 lin, Fayetteville, Goldsboro, Greens- 
 boro, Henderson, Hendersr nville, Lex- 
 ington, Lumberton, Louisburg, Mor- 
 ganton, New Bern, Newton, Oxford, 
 Fitisboro, Rockingham. Raleigh, 
 
 Staiesville, Shelby, Salisbury, Tarboro, 
 Wilmington, Warrent^n, Wilson. 
 V a'lesboro, "Washington. Windsor, 
 Weldon. 
 
 The Daughters of the Confederacy 
 are now erecting a. monument at Wil- 
 mington to George Davis, attorney 
 General of the Confederacy, the cor- 
 ner-stone of which was laid during 
 the recent Convention of the United 
 Daughters of the Confederal.';/ in that 
 city on October 14, 1909. 
 
 At the old Blandford Church at 
 Petersburg, Virginia, a North Caro- 
 lina memorial window was unveiled 
 on Sunday, June 2nd, 1907. "In mem- 
 ory of North Carolina's soldiers 40.- 
 275 of whom proved their devotion 
 by their death." These lines are fol- 
 lowed by the words "God Bless North 
 Carolina. R. E. Lee." (Fac simile 
 signature). 
 
 At Guilford Court House the Bat- 
 tle Ground Association, under the 
 leadership of that gallant soldier and 
 patriotic citizen, Col. Joseph M. More- 
 head, has erected or secured the erec- 
 tion of the following monuments: 
 
 Col. Arthur Forbes (1888). 
 
 Battle Ground Pyramid (1888). 
 
 Shaft over three Continentals, called 
 "Red, White and Blue." (1888). 
 
 Capt. James Tate (1891). 
 
 General Jethro Sumner (1891). 
 
 Maryland Monument (1892). 
 
 Major John Daves (1903). 
 
 Col. Joseph Winston and Gov. Jesse 
 Franklin, 1S95, reinterred here 1906. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. James Stewart (British) 
 (1895). 
 
 Col. Hal Dixon (1896). 
 
 Hooper-Penn Signers (1896). 
 
 Northern Limit; Southern Limit. 
 
 Old Manor House. 
 
 Gillies Lee's Bugler Boy (1898). 
 
 Nathaniel Macon (1908). 
 
 Capt. James Morehead (1902). 
 
 A Polished Marker (4 sides) "No 
 North, Washington; No South, Greene" 
 (1903). 
 
 Alamance Monument (1901). 
 
 King's Mountain (1904). 
 
 Judge Schenck (1904). 
 
 Gen. Davidson (1906). 
 
 General Nash (1906). 
 
 Clio, Muse of History (1908). 
 
 Caldwell (1909). 
 
 Bretigny and Wm. Washington 
 (1909). 
 
 Monolith "E Pluribus Unum." 
 (On the grounds, yet to be erected). 
 
 Completed base awaiting projected 
 Delaware monument. 
 
 The Wachovia Historical Society has 
 been active in collecting historical 
 records and has erected the following 
 memorials: 
 
 Tablet marking the place and time 
 of arrival of the first Moravian settlers 
 in Wachovia, November, 1753, and site 
 of their first dwelling. 
 
 Tablet erected on the site of the 
 "Old Dutch Fort" which was erected 
 for protection from the Indians dur- 
 ing the French and Indian War, 1756- 
 1759. 
 
 Granite posts marking the corners 
 and outline of the "Old Dutch Fort." 
 
 Granite monument at Bethabara 
 Church to commemorate the beginning 
 of Wachovia and the founding ofj 
 Bethabara in November, 1753. Monu- 
 ment gives the names of the first set- 
 tlers, etc. 
 
 All of the above tablets are at Beth- 
 abara, six miles north of Winston- 
 Salem and were erected in 1903. There 
 is another tablet at Bethabara, erect- 
 ed in 1803, to commemorate the first 
 fifty years of Wachovia. 
 
 Tablet erected at the Old Salem 
 Hotel, in Salem, to commemorate the 
 visit of President Washington in 17 91. 
 Gov. Martin, of North Carolina, visit- 
 ed President Washington while he 
 was a guest there. 
 
 Bronze tablet placed on the door to 
 "Washington's Room" in Old Salem 
 Hotel. 
 
 These two tablets were erected in 
 190S by the Daughters of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution and the Wachovia His- 
 torical Society. 
 
 The Sons of the Revolution annual- 
 ly present to the State of North Caro- 
 lina, an oil portrait of some distin- 
 guished Revolutionary leader. This 
 society has presented to the State 
 portraits of James Iredell, Alfred 
 Moore, Samuel Johnson and Alexander 
 Martin, and will in a few days present 
 a portrait of Governor Abner Nash. 
 
The North Carolina Society of 
 the Daughters of the American Revo- 
 lution has erected a number of me- 
 morials. 
 
 The Elizabeth Maxwell Steele Chap- 
 ter, of Salisbury, has erected one to 
 Elizabeth Maxwell Steele. 
 
 The Dorcas Bell Love Chapter of 
 TVaynesville, has erected a bronze 
 tablet in memory of Col. Robert Love. 
 
 The Edward Buncombe Chapter in 
 .Asheville will establish a memorial to 
 Col. Edward Buncombe. 
 
 The Morganton Chapter will mark 
 the place of the Council Oak at Qua- 
 ker Meadows under which Colonels 
 Sevier, Campbell and the two McDow- 
 ells planned the battle of King's 
 Mountain. 
 
 The Mecklenburg Chapter has mon- 
 uments to the 
 
 Mclntyre Skirmish, Oct. 3, 1780. 
 
 Monument near Pineville to mark 
 birthplace of James K. Polk, and a 
 marker at the Sugar Creek Burying 
 Ground. 
 
 The Joseph Winston Chapter, co- 
 operating with the Wachovia Histori- 
 cal Association has marked with two 
 bronze tablets points in Old Salem 
 town identified with Washington's 
 visit, and this chapter will soon mark 
 Junaluska's grave. 
 
 The North Carolina Society of the 
 Daughters of the Revolution has erect- 
 ed a memorial tablet in the rotunda 
 of the Capitol to commemorate the 
 Edenton Tea Party. 
 
 A patriotic citizen has marked the 
 spot on which the celebrated Tea 
 Party house stood. 
 
 The North Carolina Society of the 
 Colonial Dames of America has erect- 
 ed a monument to Cornelius Harnett; 
 a monument at the ruins of the 
 Church of St. Philip, and under their 
 auspices a memorial has been erected 
 at Brunswick to Col. Maurice Moore 
 and "to the heroes and patriots of the 
 Lower Cape Fear led by Hugh Wad- 
 dell and John Ashe;" and they have 
 also marked the site of Governor Try- 
 on's palace at Russelboro. 
 
 At Moore's Creek, the first great 
 American victory of the Revolution 
 was won, an event that not only in- 
 spirited the whole of America, but as 
 Frothingham says, "Carried North 
 Carolina as a unit in favor of inde- 
 pendence when the colonies from New 
 England to Virginia were in solid ar- 
 ray against it." On the battlefield 
 there has recently been unveiled a 
 monument to the Loyalists who fought 
 and fell there, beautifully illustrating 
 the present homogeneity of our people 
 whose ancestors fought on both sides 
 in that momentous battle. 
 
 At King's Mountain the government 
 has just finished a handsome monu- 
 ment and the King's Mountain Battle 
 
 Ground Association is making an ef- 
 fort to have the government establish 
 a national park there. 
 
 On the Alamance Battlefield chere 
 is a monument erected to "The First 
 Battle of the Revolution," and the 
 Alamance Battle Ground Association 
 also proposes to erect one where the 
 Pyle Hacking Match took place near 
 Burlington. 
 
 Among others worthy of mention 
 are monuments to The Mecklenburg 
 Declaration at Charlotte; Memorial 
 Stone at Fort Raleigh; to Andrew 
 
 Jackson at ; to William Hooper 
 
 at Wilmington; to Richard Caswell at 
 Kinston;'to Dr. Elisha Mitchell at Mt. 
 Mitchell; to Capt. Otway Burns at 
 Burnsville; to Washington Duke at 
 Trinity College; to Zebulon B. Vance 
 at Asheville; to Richmond M. Pearson 
 at Raleigh (by his former law stu- 
 dents) ; and one at Charlotte to the 
 heroic William E. Shipp, whose gal- 
 lant young life was laid down for his 
 country at Santiago. 
 
 Probably the most important event 
 in the history of North Carolina was 
 the Halifax Resolution presented for 
 the committee by Cornelius Harnett 
 to the Provincial Congress, April 12, 
 1776, which reads as follows: 
 
 "Resolved, That the delegates for 
 this colony in the Continental Con- 
 gress be empowered to concur with 
 the delegates of other colonies in de- 
 claring independency, and forming 
 foreign alliances, reserving to this 
 colony the sole and exclusive right of 
 forming a constitution and laws for 
 this colony, and of appointing dele- 
 gates from time to time under the 
 direction of a general representation 
 thereof, to meet delegates of other 
 colonies for such purposes as shall 
 be hereafter pointed out." 
 
 From this time forward all political 
 relations were severed with Great 
 Britain and North Carolina acted as 
 an independent colony. This reso- 
 lution should be lettered in bronze and 
 affixed to the walls of our capitol. 
 
 The General Assembly of North Car- 
 olina of 1909 made April 12th a State 
 holiday in commemoration of that 
 great event. Various Northern States 
 have erected monuments to their dead 
 in Federal cemeteries at different 
 points in North Carolina, notably at 
 Salisbury and New Bern. 
 
 A number of I\orth Carolinians have 
 established memorials in the form of 
 college buildings, endowments, schol- 
 arships and prizes; but the most beau- 
 tiful memorial in this State is the 
 Olivia Raney Library. This li- 
 brary was built by a generous 
 man as a memorial to his wife, a gift- 
 ed Christian woman whose mission in 
 
life was to help and make happier 
 those who came within the radius of 
 her acquaintance. In life her work 
 was a benediction — in death her in- 
 fluence still lives and grows, benefit- 
 ting and giving pleasure to the many 
 hundreds who avail themselves of this 
 beneficence. On this curtain we see 
 a picture of the famous Taj Mahal, 
 built by an Indian Prince, in memory 
 of his queen — a tribute to love and 
 vanity. Surrounding us is the Olivia 
 Raney Library, erected by a noble 
 hearted gentleman in memory of the 
 queen of his home — an expression of 
 love and altruism. 
 
 There are hundreds of historic sites, 
 buildings, colonial forts, battle 
 grounds, churches and schools, 
 colonial houses, burial places, etc., 
 which are still unmarked. The best 
 list of these places obtainable has 
 been arranged and compiled by that 
 devoted Carolinian, Mrs. James 
 Sprunt, in a most interesting and val- 
 uable paper prepared for the National 
 Society of the Colonial Dames of 
 America. As complete a list as the 
 Historical Commission has been able to 
 compile is appended to this paper. The 
 State Historical Commission is now 
 endeavoring, though with slow local 
 co-operation, to make an accurate list 
 of these places, arranged by counties. 
 The work of marking and protecting 
 these places must be done by the 
 home people and local societies. There 
 are public spirited citizens with local 
 pride in every community who should 
 organize for this purpose. The Com- 
 mission hopes to be able to co-operate 
 with local chapters of the Daughters 
 of the Confederacy, Colonial Dames 
 and Daughters of the Revolution, 
 Daughters of the American Revolu- 
 tion and other patriotic societies. 
 This would be one of the most pa- 
 triotic ends to which these associa- 
 tions could lend themselves. The 
 Commission will also make an effort 
 to interest the schools and school or- 
 ganizations in the various counties in 
 this work. In no other way can his- 
 tory be better taught or local pride 
 stimulated or interest aw r akened in 
 the State. Another phase of histori- 
 cal work to which our patriotic so- 
 cieties could direct their efforts is to 
 prevent vandalism and desecration. 
 
 On a beautiful eminence overlook- 
 ing the wide waters of Pasquotank 
 River as it loses itself in Albemarle 
 Sound is the site of Elmwood, or Th'e 
 Elms, the old colonial seat of the 
 Swanns. Here stood a brick house-, 
 one of the first built in the colony. 
 During the war between the States 
 Federal troops tore it down to use 
 the brick for other purposes. In it 
 probably lived more distinguished men 
 
 than ever occupied any one residence 
 in North Carolina. Judge Iredell said 
 it was celebrated for a more lavish 
 hospitality and more generous enter- 
 tainment than any home in the col- 
 ony. Here lived Col. Thomas Swann, 
 Speaker; Col. William Swann, Speak- 
 er; and three members of the family 
 by the name of Samuel Swann; John 
 Swann, member of Congress, and their 
 families. Here lived Frederick Blount, 
 son of Col. John. Blount, a brother-in- 
 law of Bishop Pettigrew and' a man 
 of wealth and culture and an 
 intimate associate of Governor 
 Tryon's. Here lived for a while, 
 William Shepard, a staunch 
 
 Federalist, ship owner, planter, and 
 merchant. Of William Shepard's 
 sons several moved to the far South. 
 The three who remained in North 
 Carolina were Charles B., who was 
 a member of Congress and declined 
 re-election; William B., who was a 
 member of Congress and declined re- 
 election; James B., who was a can- 
 didate for Governor of North Caro- 
 lina. Of his sons-in-law John H. 
 Bryan was Member of Congress and 
 declined re-election; Ebenezer Petti- 
 grew was Member of Congress and 
 declined re-election. 
 
 In later years Rev. Solomon Pool, 
 President of the University of North 
 Carolina, lived there, as did John 
 Pool. United States Senator and can- 
 didate for Governor. 
 
 At Elmwood lived and with it were 
 identified, two Speakers of the As- 
 sembly, five Congressmen, one United 
 States Senator, a candidate for Gov- 
 ernor and a President of the Univer- 
 sity. No other home in North Caro- 
 lina had so many historic associa- 
 tions. 
 
 This old estate has now been sold 
 and divided into smaller farms. In 
 the preparation of a sketch not long 
 since, the writer was anxious to get 
 inscription records from the Swann 
 tombstones, but was informed that 
 the Swann bricked in graves had re- 
 cently been dug up by treasure 
 hunters and such stones as might be 
 there were covered with brick and 
 dirt from the excavations of the gold 
 diggers and grave robbers. Such 
 vandalism is a disgrace to North 
 Carolina and no punishment is too 
 severe for these ghouls. 
 
 My attention has been called to 
 other colonial graves that have 
 been robbed within the year. 
 The State should watch more 
 carefully over these men who 
 after serving her have been laid to 
 rest in her bosom. Let them "rest in 
 peace." Some means should be de- 
 
IO 
 
 vised to protect our sacred places 
 from profanation by those base de- 
 generates who fringe the lowest shores 
 of humanity. We call upon the pa- 
 triotic people in every community to 
 locate, mark and care for their his- 
 toric places. 
 
 The want of cities in North Caro- 
 lina with well known depositories is 
 one of the chief reasons why there 
 has been no large collection of his- 
 torical papers. Individuals have from 
 time to time made valuable collec- 
 tions, but these collections in some 
 cases have been burned or otherwise 
 destroyed or have found their way 
 to other States. The want of a fixed 
 capital also accounts in a large de- 
 gree for the loss of much of the offi- 
 cial history of the State. In 1748 
 Governor Gabriel Johnston writing 
 from Edenton to the Lords of the 
 Eoard of Trade in discussing "An act 
 for Building of Public offices for 
 Public Meetings and Keeping of Rec- 
 ords" says "This Province has been 
 very unhappy for want of such build- 
 ings ever since I knew it. The Pub- 
 lic Records lye in a miserable condi- 
 tion; one part of them at Edenton. 
 near the Virginia line, in a place 
 without Lock or Key; a great part 
 of them in the Secretary's house at 
 Cape Fear, about two hundred miles 
 distance from the other. Some few 
 of them at the Clerk of the Council's 
 house at New Bern, so that in what- 
 ever part of the colony a man happens 
 to be. if he wants to consult any pa- 
 per or record he must send some 
 hundred of miles before he can come 
 at it." 
 
 In 1749 the General Assembly ap- 
 pointed John Starkey. Edward Grif- 
 fith and Jeremiah "Vail, commission- 
 ers, for erecting Public Buildinsrs at 
 New Pern. If these commissioners 
 had erected the Public Buildings at 
 this time, thousands of most valuable 
 records and interesting papers would 
 have been saved. This would have 
 preserved much lost history and would 
 have given the State a rank in the 
 eyes of the world that millions in 
 money could not buy. 
 
 Tn 170 7 was commenced the build- 
 ing of the Palace at New Bern. It 
 was the State House, as well as resi- 
 dence for the Governor and contained 
 an Assembly Hall, Council Chamber 
 and public offices. Writing of this 
 elegant and noble structure Governor 
 Tryon in 1770 says it was "A Palace 
 that is a public ornament and credit 
 to the colony, as well as an honor 
 to British America." The public rec- 
 ords were moved into it in January, 
 
 1771. It probably cost more than the 
 people could afford at the time, but 
 had the seat of government remained 
 at New Bern, the building of that 
 State House would have been a wise 
 investment. There were about 250,- 
 000 people in the Province at that 
 time and there was an in-rush of im- 
 migration then in progress such as 
 no other province in America exper- 
 ienced. So great was the prejudice 
 against this "monument to royalty" 
 and such was the inconvenience to 
 the central and western sections of 
 the State that the Palace was aban- 
 doned and the Capital became peram- 
 bulatory, naturally causing the loss 
 of many priceleci records and manu- 
 scripts. With a migratory capital for 
 nearly twenty years, it is 
 
 impossible to estimate the dis- 
 advantage to the State. The 
 cost of the Palace was an unending 
 source of criticism of Tryon, but as 
 a State House it was necessary, even 
 if built on too grand a scale for North 
 Carolina. It undoubtedly had an ef- 
 fect upon architecture in the province, 
 it preserved our records and we now 
 take pride in having had the finest 
 building of its time on the Western 
 Hemisphere, even though it was aban- 
 doned and finally lost from neglect 
 and carelessness. 
 
 The building of the present capitol 
 at a time when the State was very 
 poor (in the decade between 1830-40 
 when our population increased only 
 2 per cent, and we had about three- 
 fourths of a million people) at a cost 
 of more than half a million dollars 
 provoked much criticism. But every 
 intelligent man admits that it was a 
 most wise expenditure and though 
 the State has long outgrown it, we find 
 satisfaction in its symmetry and un- 
 surpassed architectural beauty and we 
 are loath to enlarge it. All the de- 
 partments of State are too much 
 crowded to render the best service and 
 a more capacious building is now ab- 
 solutely necessary for the transaction 
 of public business. A larger capitol 
 or additional building must come as 
 a business necessity and economy. 
 
 In considering additional buildings, 
 it may be found wise to take under 
 advisement the acquirement by the 
 State of the area bounded by Wil- 
 mington, Jones. Salisbury and Eden- 
 ton streets. This would give a public 
 square 420x516 feet, the same width 
 as Union Square, on which the 
 capitol stands. In the center of 
 that square across Halifax street 
 could be erected a State government 
 building, commodious, fire proof, mod- 
 ern in its equipments and adequate for 
 the transaction of the affairs of the 
 State. It could contain offices for 
 
II 
 
 State offices, State Library, Supreme 
 Court Rooms, and Supreme Court Li- 
 brary, Agricultural Department, etc. 
 The basement could be made into stor- 
 age rooms, arsenal, etc. One floor 
 should be devoted to a Hall of History, 
 in which portraits, paintings, mural 
 tablets, medallions, inscriptions, stat- 
 ues and monuments would show the 
 history and life of our people spread 
 out as a great panorama for the gaze 
 of our own and future generations. 
 
 In our Capitol should be mural tab- 
 lets portraying the war record of our 
 State. Inscriptions should tell the 
 tale of the ill-fated Carthagena ex- 
 pedition in which hundreds died with 
 no record of even their names; of the 
 North Carolina soldiers sent to the 
 French and Indian Wars; of the sol- 
 diers in the Revolution when North 
 Carolina was the great recruiting 
 ground for the American army (this 
 State furnished over 22,000 soldiers 
 to the army of the Revolution and the 
 names of only about 9,000 have been 
 preserved); of North Carolina's record 
 in the War of 1S12; of our part in the 
 Mexican War; of North Carolina's 
 sacrifices in the Great War for South- 
 ern Independence; and of our record 
 in the Spanish-American War. 
 
 Our State is now enjoying a period 
 of marvelous growth, such as she 
 never before experienced. Great man- 
 ufacturing enterprises have sprung up 
 and are being enlarged and enlarged 
 again. Industries are being developed, 
 agriculture is being improved and an 
 era of prosperity and increase in pop- 
 
 ulation is upon us. The State and 
 the people are growing richer and 
 stronger, education is encouraged with 
 a liberality of money and of thought 
 never before known; culture, litera- 
 ture, and the arts will increase with 
 wealth and leisure. But with our 
 agricultural growth and resources un- 
 surpassed, with material wealth enor- 
 mously increasing, with our manu- 
 facturing plants being multiplied with- 
 out end, we realize that our greatest 
 resource and asset are our people — 
 people of intelligence and character, 
 and our greatest manufacturing plants 
 are the schools which convert the un- 
 finished product of a raw boy or girl 
 into the educated, patriotic North 
 Carolinian. Today there are over 
 700,000 children in the schools of the 
 State — the State will live in them and 
 they will make the State. We must 
 plant into the hearts and minds of 
 those who are one day to shape its 
 destinies, make its laws, write its his- 
 tory, sing its songs and paint its glor- 
 ies, a love and veneration for the 
 State. To make a great and glorious 
 future, we must have the knowledge 
 and inspiration of a great past, for hu- 
 manity is most powerful in teaching 
 by example, and history is most gra- 
 phic when our ideals or examples can 
 be shown in imperishable paintings, 
 marbles or bronze. Let us strive not 
 only to offer the written word, but 
 show to the world the visible forms 
 and features of the great actors in the 
 life of our State. 
 

 II 
 
 I 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF N C AT CHAPEL HILL 
 
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 This book may be kept out one month unless a recall 
 notice is sent to you. It must be brought to the North 
 Carolina Collection (in Wilson Library) for renewal. 
 
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