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THE 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SALEM CONGREGATION 
 
 AT 
 
 SALEM, N. C. 
 
 Adopted by Congregation Council, May 9th, 1893. 
 Approved by Prov. Elders' Conference, May nth, 1893. 
 
 AMENDMENTS ! 
 
 Approved by Prov. Elders' Conference, May 5th, 1904. 
 Approved by Congregation Council, July 26th, 1904. 
 
 u& 
 
 WITH APPENDICES. 
 
 J& 
 
 Winston-Salem, N. C. 
 KING'S PRINTING HOUSE. 
 
 1904. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 i. Historical Note 3 
 
 2. Chapter I. Doctrine 6 
 
 3. Chapter II. The Brotherly Agreement... 8 
 
 4. Chapter III. Government 12 
 
 5. Chapter IV. Ministers 19 
 
 6. Chapter V. Rules and Regulations 21 
 
 7. Appendix I. Outline of the History of 
 
 the Moravian Church 25 
 
 8. Appendix II. Moravian Missions 27 
 
 9. Appendix III. The Southern District 28 
 
 10. Appendix IV. The Salem Congregation ... 31 
 
 11. Appendix V. Special Services and Church 
 
 Customs of the Salem Congregation 33 
 
HISTORICAL NOTE. 
 
 The Unitas Fratrum, or Church of the United Brethren, 
 commonly called Moravians, arose in the countries of Bohe- 
 mia and Moravia, which are now provinces of the Austrian 
 Empire. 
 
 This part of Europe was originally Christianized by mission- 
 aries of the Greek Church. Hence, there always existed a 
 freer Christian spirit, and a warmer attachment to the use of 
 the native tongue in God's worship, than was the case in coun- 
 tries where the Gospel was first proclaimed by the Roman 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 Of this freer and more Biblical tendency, the great reform- 
 er, John Hus, was an eminent example. It was his earnest 
 effort to bring back the corrupted Church of his times to the 
 rules of the Holy Bible. His fervent labors were closed by 
 his heroic martyrdom at Constance, July 6th, 141 5. 
 
 About forty years after the death of John Hus, a number of 
 his earnest-minded followers, hopeless of any complete reform 
 in the old national Church, banded themselves together, in 
 north-eastern Bohemia, under the name of u Brethren." In 
 1467 they received the episcopacy from Waldensians, and were 
 then constituted as an independent Church, bearing the name 
 of ' ' The United Brethren. ' ' 
 
 For more than one hundred and fifty years, this earliest of 
 the Protestant Churches flourished greatly, though amid fre- 
 quent and bitter persecutions. They translated the Holy 
 Scriptures, published many hymns and other religious writings, 
 instituted schools, and were known for the purity of their 
 Christian life. They stood on friendly terms with Luther at 
 Wittemberg, and with Calvin and his fellow-laborers at Stras- 
 burg and Genevaa. Hving spread into Poland, as well as 
 Bohemia and Moravia, this Church of the United Brethren bid 
 
fair to become the National Protestant Church of these, at 
 that time, prosperous countries. 
 
 But, in the Thirty Years' War, the Protestant faith was 
 crUvShed under the iron hand of Austria, animated by the coun- 
 sel and assisted by the persevering efforts of the Jesuits. 
 Some of the leading brethren perished by the sword, many 
 were exiled, and the remnant was gradually forced back into 
 the Roman Catholic communion. 
 
 A century later the preaching of a Moravian, Christian 
 David by name, was the means of a powerful awakening in 
 certain Moravian villages among the descendants of the 
 Ancient Brethren. Desirous of serving God in the way in 
 which their fathers had done, they fled from their native land, 
 and found refuge on the estate of a Saxon nobleman, Count 
 Zinzendorf. 
 
 This young and deeply pious Count interested himself 
 strongly in the Moravian exiles, and, at the sacrifice of his 
 worldly honors and estates, became their leader through the 
 following forty years, until his death, in 1760, 
 
 A remarkably deep and blessed outpouring of the Spirit, on 
 August 13th, 1727, confirmed the grace which the exiles had 
 already received. Filled with a fervant love for Christ they 
 desired to testifiy to Him both at home and abroad. This led 
 to the beginning of the missionary work of the Moravians 
 among the heathen in 1732, which is still their chief enterprise, 
 carried on in every great division of the globe. 
 
 The desire of the Moravians to bring the Gospel to the 
 American Indians served as a main motive for their settlement 
 in this country. The central Northern settlement at Bethlehem 
 was formed in 1741. The Moi avians having emigrated to 
 North Carolina in 1753, the settlement of Salem was begun in 
 1766. 
 
 In 1735, the episcopacy of the Bohemian Brethren was 
 transferred to the Renewed Moravian Church, by the two 
 surviving bishops of the ancient line, and gradually the Church 
 was constituted into its present form of government. The 
 supreme control, under Christ, is exercised by its Synods. 
 During the intervals between Synods, Conferences of three or 
 more brethren conduct the affairs of the Church. 
 
The Moravian belief consists of the simple evangelical faith 
 on which the Protestant Churches are substantially agreed. 
 They hold that the Son of God shed His blood on the cross 
 for sinners, that they might be forgiven through faith in Him, 
 and, when forgiven, might exercise their faith in good works, 
 and thus become ready for heaven. 
 
 From the earliest times the Church of the Brethren has laid 
 more stress on the development of Christian life than upon the 
 working out of the minuter varieties of doctrine. 
 
 Several peculiarities, such as I^ove-feasts, after the example 
 of the Apostolic Church, and an Easter morning confession 
 of the risen Saviour in their graveyards, exist and are greatly 
 esteemed in many of the Moravian churches. 
 
 Other peculiarities, such as marriage by lot. a common 
 house-keeping, exclusive settlements of Moravians, and the 
 like, prevailed for a time, but having fulfilled their purpose, 
 especially during the hardships of early colonial settlement, 
 have long since been given up. 
 
 The present form of doctrine, practice and government of 
 the Moravian Church, as represented in the life of its central 
 congregation in the South, that of Salem, N. C, will be 
 found set forth in the following pages. 
 
CHAPTER I; 
 
 DOCTRINE. 
 
 The General Synod of the Church of the United Brethren 
 has laid down the following Doctrinal Principles : 
 
 i. The Foundation of Our Doctrine. 
 
 The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are 
 and shall remain the only rule of our faith and practice. We 
 venerate them as God's Word, which he spake to mankind of 
 old time in the Prophets and, at last, in His Son and by his 
 Apostles, to instruct us unto salvation through faith in Christ 
 Jesus. We are convinced that all truths that declare the will 
 of God for our salvation are fully contained therein. 
 
 2. The Chief Substance of Our Doctrine. 
 
 The Renewed Brethren's Church has, from the beginning, 
 regarded as her chief doctrine this truth : "J esus Christ is the 
 propitiation for our sins ; and not for ours only, but also for 
 the sins of the whole world." — (I John ii, 2.) " For he hath 
 made him to be sin for us who knew no sin ; that we might be 
 made the righteousness of God in him," — (II Cor. v, 21.) or, 
 as we sing in one of our hymns — 
 
 "Whosoever belie veth in Christ's redemption, 
 Will find free grace and a complete exemption 
 From serving sin!" 
 
 With this our leading doctrine, the following facts and 
 truths, clearly attested by Holy Scripture, are linked in essen- 
 tial connection and, with it, form our understanding of the 
 Gospel : 
 
 {a) The doctrine of the total depravity of our human nature; 
 i. e. , that since the Fall there is no health in man, and that he 
 
has no power left by which to save himself. (John iii, 6 ; 
 Rom iii, 23 ; Rom. vii, 18 ; Rom. i, 18 — 32 ; Rom. iii, 9-18 ; 
 Ephes. ii, 9-18.) 
 
 (d) The doctrine of the love of God, the Father, to the falle?i 
 human race, according to which He ''chose us in Christ before 
 the foundation of the world," and "so loved the world that he 
 gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him 
 should not perish but have eternal life." (Kph, i, 3-4; Eph. 
 ii, 4 ; John iii, 16 ; I John iv, 9.) 
 
 if) The doctrine of the real Godhead and the jeal humanity 
 of Jesus Christ ; i. e., that the only begotten Son of God, He 
 by whom all things in heayen and earth were created, forsook 
 the glory he had with the Father before the world was, and 
 took upon himself our flesh and blood, that in all things he 
 might be made like unto his brethren, yet without sin. 
 (I John i, 1-3; John i, 14; John xvii, 5 ; Phil, ii, 6, 7 ; 
 Hebr. ii, 14, 17 ; Hebr. iv, 15 ; Col. i, 17-19 ; I John v, 20.) 
 
 (d) The doctrine of our Reconciliation with God and our 
 Justification before Him through the Sacrifice of Jesus Christ ; 
 i. e., that "Christ was delivered up for our trespasses and was 
 raised for our justification," and that alone by faith in him 
 ''we have through his blood forgiveness of sin," "peace with 
 God" and freedom from the service of sin. (Rom. iii, 24, 25; 
 Rom. v, 1; I Cor. i, 30 ; Hebr. ii, 17 ; Heb. xi, 12 ; I Peter 
 i, 18, 19 ; I John i. 18, 19 ; I John i, 9 ; II Cor. v, 18, 19.) 
 
 (<?) The doctrine of the Holy Ghost and the operations of 
 His Grace; i. e., that without him we are unable to know the 
 truth ; that it is he who leads us to Christ by working in us 
 the knowledge of sin and faith in Jesus, and that he "beareth 
 witness with our spirit that we are the children of God." 
 (John xvi, 8-1 1, 13, 14 ; I Cor. xii, 3 ; Rom. viii, 16.) 
 
 (/) The doctrine of Good Works as the Fruit of the Cpirit; 
 i. e., that in them faith manifests itself as a living, acting 
 power, which induces us, out of love and gratitude to him who 
 died for us, willingly to follow the commandments of God. 
 (John xix, 15 ; Rom. vi, 11-14 ; I Cor. vi, 20 ; Gal. v, 6, 
 22-24 ; I John v, 3-5 ; Ephes. ii, 8-10 ; James ii, 17.) 
 
(g) The doctrine of the Fellowship of Believers with One 
 Another; i. e., that they are all one in Christ Jesus, the Head 
 of his body, and are all members one of another, (John xvii, 
 21 ; Matthew xxiii, 8 ; Ephes. iv, 4.) 
 
 (//) The doctrine of the Second Coming of the Lordin Glory 
 and of the Resurrection of the Dead, unto Life or unto fudgment. 
 (Acts i, 1 1 ; John vi, 40 ; John xi, 25, 26 ; John iii, 36 ; John 
 v, 25-29 ; I Thes. iv, 14-17O 
 
 While we do not draw up and set forth these truths and our 
 acceptance of them in a strictly formal creed, our apprehension 
 of the chief substance of Christian doctrine has found, in a 
 special way, its expression in what has been solemnly declared 
 by our Church, year by year, for more than a hundred years 
 past, in our Litany on Easter morning. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE BROTHERLY AGREEMENT. 
 
 1. The fundamental object of our religious union is to con- 
 stitute a Church of Jesus Christ in which the pure Word of 
 God is preached, the sacraments are duly administered, and 
 Christian discipline is maintained. 
 
 2. As members of the Church of United Brethren, com- 
 monly called Moravians, we acknowledge the Holy Scriptures 
 of the Old and New Testaments to contain everything essential 
 to salvation and to be the only rule of our faith and practice. 
 
 3. We recognize, as a true member of Christ's body, the 
 Church, every one who, through the Holy Ghost, has experi- 
 enced the new birth. Hence, we regard all children of God 
 as our brethren in Christ, loving them sincerely and heartily. 
 
We decidedly disclaim all sectarian animosities, arising from 
 diversity of views on points of doctrine, discipline, or church- 
 government. We desire to live in cordial fellowship with the 
 members of all evangelical Churches. 
 
 4. Esteeming it a great privilege to meet together for the 
 worship of God and for mutual edification, we will be faithful 
 in attending our Church services, "not forgetting the assem- 
 bling of ourselves together." (Hebr. x, 25.) 
 
 5. We consider ourselves bound faithfully to provide a 
 sufficient and suitable support for our ministers and their 
 families ; and we will also bear a part in defraying all other 
 expenses connected with the services of the congregation. 
 
 6. As members of the Moravian Church we consider our- 
 selves in duty bound to contribute to Causes of the District to 
 which we belong, and of the Brethren's Unity at large. 
 
 7. We recognize our children to be the property of our 
 IyOrd Jesus Christ, purchased with his precious blood in order 
 that they might be brought up in his nurture and admonition, 
 (Ephes. v, 4.) Hence, it is expected of parents to pray for 
 their children, train them in the commandments and love of 
 our Saviour, guard them against what might prove hurtful to 
 their souls, gather them in family devotions, and set them a 
 consistent Christian example. We further regard it the duty 
 or parents that they cause their children punctually to attend 
 school, religious instruction and church services ; that they 
 provide them with suitable employment at home and accustom 
 them to habits of order, decorum and diligence in the business 
 of life. 
 
 8. We will endeavor, in true, brotherly love, to serve and 
 aid one another ; to bear with and forgive one another, mutu- 
 ally to exercise meekness, humility and becoming respect, and 
 carefully to avoid back-biting, slandering or other uncharita- 
 ble practices. 
 
 9. As we are called, through the grace of God, to be 
 children of peace, we will follow after peace with all men, 
 carefully endeavoring to obey the precepts of our Saviour : 
 " Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even 
 so to them ;" and bearing in mind the important charge : ' ' Love 
 
IO 
 
 your enemies, bless them that curse you, and pray for them 
 that despitefully use you and persecute you. ' ' 
 
 10, We recognize the duty of relieving the necessities of 
 all such members as may, through age, sickness or other 
 afflictions, have become destitute and unable to maintain them- 
 selves. We likewise assume the obligation of so providing for 
 the education of destitute orphans in the congregation, that 
 they may become useful members of society and capable of 
 procuring for themselves an honest livelihood. 
 
 ii. With regard to dress and domestic arrangements, we 
 will live within our means, and will abstain from anything 
 which might rightly be regarded as unworthy of a child of 
 God. 
 
 12. We consider ourselves in duty bound to provide things 
 honest in the sight of men as well as in the sight of God. 
 We will, therefore, endeavor to be ''not slothful in business, 
 fervent in spirit, serving the Lord," (Rom. xii, n.), and we 
 will steadily discountenance the sin of habitual idleness. 
 
 13. We will not forget to hallow the Lord's day. We will 
 make a faithful use of it as a day of Christian edification and 
 Christian usefulness. The carrying on of worldly business or 
 labor, other than works of charitj' or necessity ; the frequent- 
 ing of places of worldly resort, or anything which interferes 
 with edification and attendance on divine worship is wholly 
 inadmissible. 
 
 14. Regarding intemperance in the use of strong drink as 
 a most pernicious and sinful practice, rendering men in an 
 especial degree the servants of sin, we will endeavor to remove 
 from among us everything that can furnish occasion for this 
 evil, and give timely admonition and warning to those who 
 may be exposing themselves to temptation. 
 
 15. We will carefully beware of all books and publications 
 which are opposed to the Bible, or treat it irreverently, or of 
 such as have an immoral tendency. We will abstain from par- 
 ticipating in such amusements as have an injurious, or at least, 
 a questionable tendency with respect to Christian morals. 
 
 16. In case misunderstandings or differences arise among 
 any of the members they shall first, according to the command 
 
II 
 
 of Christ (Matt, xviii, 15-17.) endeavor to come to an amicable 
 agreement and equitable settlement among themselves. Should 
 they tail in so doing, the persons at variance shall select some 
 other members of the congregation to act as mediators ; and, 
 if the difficulty cannot be so arranged to mutual satisfaction, 
 the case shall be referred to the Board of Elders f Dr brotherly 
 investigation and decision. In case, however, the point in 
 dispute shall render a resort to the courts of justice indispen- 
 sible, everything at variance with our character as brethren is 
 to be avoided. 
 
 17. Should any one be overtaken in a fault (Gal. vi, 1.) 
 we will endeavor to restore such an one in the spirit of meek- 
 ness ; and when, on committing an error, we are admonished 
 and reproved, we will by, the grace of God, receive reproof 
 thankfully, and strive to amend, considering all such admon- 
 ition as great benefits conferred upon us. 
 
 18. Inasmuch as it behooves every member of the Church 
 in all things to walk worthy of the Gospel, so, also, shall those 
 who give offence by their conduct, and refuse correction, be, 
 after repeated admonitions and reproof, excluded from church 
 fellowship according to the rule: "Put away from among 
 yourselves that wicked person." 
 
 19. If, therefore, any member, in word or deed, act 
 contrary to the rules and regulations of the Church, and, by 
 his example, tempt others to do the same « transgressing the 
 laws of the country ; overreaching his neighbor in trade ; 
 taking part in gambling or lotteries ; being guilty of lying, 
 backbiting, and calumny ; giving himself up to drunkenness ; 
 neglecting to satisfy his creditors ; committing the sins of curs- 
 ing and swearing, fornication and adultery, or other manifest 
 works of the flesh, as enumerated in Gal. v, 19-21. — such an 
 one can no longer be considered a member of the Church. 
 
12 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 I. THE BRETHREN'S UNITY. 
 
 The Evangeiical Brethren's Unity consists of the following 
 parts : 
 
 A. THE INDEPENDENT PROVINCES. 
 
 (i) The Evangelical Brethren's Unity in Germany. 
 
 (2) The Evangelical Brethren's Unity in Great Britain. 
 
 (3) The Evangelical Brethren's Unity in America, North- 
 ern Province. 
 
 (4) The Evangelical Brethren's Unity in America, South- 
 ern Province. 
 
 Each of these Four Provinces independently administers its 
 own affairs, and controls its own property, in accordance with 
 the general principles of the Unity, in Government, Doctrine, 
 Ritual, and Christian Life, as these are set forth, in the 
 Proceedings of the General Synod. 
 
 B. THE MISSION PROVINCES. 
 
 These are fourteen in number, viz : 1, Labrador; 
 2, Alaska ; 3, Indian Missions in North America ; 4, Moskito 
 Coast in Central America; 5, Demerara ; 6, Surinam, in 
 South America ; 7, Jamaica ; 8, West Indies, East ; 9, South 
 Africa, East; 10, South Africa, West; 11, Nyassa ; 12, 
 Urambo, in Central Africa ; 13, Australia ; 14, West Hima- 
 laya, is Asia. 
 
 These Mission Provinces are more or less independent in 
 the administration of their own affairs, according to the degree 
 of self support to which they may have attained. 
 
 The L,eper Hospital, in Jerusalem, is a charge upon the 
 entire Unity. 
 
C. THE EVANGKUCAL UNITY IN AUSTRIA (BOHEMIA 
 AND MORAVIA). 
 
 Owing to the poverty, and the smallness of the congrega- 
 tions, in this original home of the Unity, where the Church 
 has suffered through centuries of persecution, the administra- 
 tion of affairs is vested in a committee chosen by General 
 Synod and acting in connection with the Unity's Directing 
 Board. 
 
 2. THE GENERAL SYNOD. 
 
 The General Synod, which usually meets once in ten years, 
 represents the entire Unity and lays down the General 
 Principles of Government, Doctrine, Ritual, and Christion 
 L,ife, by which the several parts of the Unity are to be guided. 
 
 3. THE UNITY'S DIRECTING BOARD. 
 
 The Unity's Directing Board consists of the Mission Board 
 and of the Provincial Elders' Conferences of the four inde- 
 pendent Provinces. It has its seat at Berthelsdorf, near 
 Herrnhut, in Saxony. Its President is chosen by the 
 General Synod. It superintends those general affairs of the 
 Unity with which in has been specially charged^by the General 
 Synod. 
 
 4. PROVINCIAL SYNODS. 
 
 The chief direction of all Provincial concerns and the power 
 of legislating upon them belongs to Provincial Synods. These 
 Synods are especially charged with the duty of examining 
 thoroughly into the spiritual as well as temporal condition of 
 the congregations within the Province. 
 
 5. THE PROVINCIAL ELDERS' CONFERENCE. 
 
 The chief Board of administration in all provincial affairs is 
 the Provincial Elders' Conference. The Board is elected by 
 the Provincial Synod, and is responsible to that body for its 
 administration. 
 
14 
 
 6. THK CONGRKGATION COUNCIL OF SAI<EM CONGREGATION. 
 
 i. The Congregation Council is composed of all brethren, 
 communicant members of the congregation, who have attained 
 to the age of twenty-one years, and have subscribed to the 
 rules and regulations of the congregation, and have paid their 
 church dues. (See Section 7 of the Charter). The act of 
 subscribing to the rules can only take place in the presence of 
 the Chairman of the Board of Elders, who shall add the date 
 of the signature. 
 
 2. The sisters of the congregation may be present at the 
 meeting of the Council, and shall participate in its proceedings 
 as far as the terms of the Charter permit. 
 
 3. The pastor, or in case there be more than one, the senior 
 pastor, shall preside at all meetings of the Council. In case 
 of his absence, the Congregation Council shall appoint a 
 Chairman pro tern, All meetings shall be announced on two 
 occasions of public worship. It shall be the duty of the Con- 
 gregation Council to elect the delegates to the Provincial 
 Synod and the District Conference ; the Trustees, the elective 
 members of the Board of Elders and of the School Board, and 
 all other officers and boards of the congregation not otherwise 
 provided for. 
 
 4. The Board of Elders shall have authority at any time to 
 convene a special meeting of the Congregation Council. Upon 
 application of the Board of Trustees or ten members of the 
 Council, they shall likewise call a special meeting. 
 
 5. All standing officers elected by the Congregation Council 
 shall continue in office until their successors are elected. All 
 elections shall be by ballot, and a majority of the votes cast 
 shall be necessary to a choice. 
 
 6. All matters that relate to the temporal or spiritual 
 welfare of the congregation may be discussed in the Council 
 at the motion of any member, or by the request of the Board 
 of Elders or the Board of Trustees. 
 
 7. The annual report of the Board of Elders shall be sub- 
 mitted to the Council, and the annual accounts of the congre- 
 gation shall all be presented to the Council within three months 
 after the close of the fiscal year, 
 
15 
 
 8. In addition to the Council, each branch of the congre- 
 gation has its own annual meeting and its own advisory 
 committee. 
 
 7, THE BOARDS OF THK SALKM CONGREGATION. 
 
 i. The Board of Elders. 
 
 a. The Board of Elders is composed of the Pastor, or 
 Pastors, of the congregation, the Principal of the Salem 
 Female Academy, and three other brethren. The number of 
 elected brethren shall be increased to six as soon as the Charter 
 has been amended to that effect. They shall not be less than 
 thirty years of age and must have been members of the con- 
 gregation not less than five years. They shall serve for three 
 years, and shall be elected in such a manner that the term of 
 one will expire with each year. The election shall take place 
 on the first Tuesday in May of each year, and shall be the first 
 of the elections at that Council meeting. No one shall be a 
 member of the Board of Elders and of the Board of Trustees 
 at the same time. 
 
 b. At the meetings of the Board of Elders the Pastor shall 
 preside, or if there be several, the Senior Pastor. In case of 
 the absence of the presiding officer, the members of the Board 
 shall appoint a presiding officer. 
 
 c. It shall be the duty of the Board of Elders : 
 
 1 . To watch over the spiritual and moral well-being of the 
 congregation as a whole. 
 
 2. To regulate the various meetings for worship. 
 
 3. To determine for what purposes the churches and 
 chapels may be used, 
 
 4. To maintain the proper exercise of Church discipline. 
 
 5. To decide upon applications to Church membership and 
 dismissals from the same, and also upon names of persons to 
 be dropped or to be excluded from the congregation. 
 
 6. To appoint the Superintendents of the Sunday Schools 
 in connection with the congregation 
 
 7. To appoint the organist and the two chief chapel 
 servants, one of them being a brother and the other a sister, 
 who, with the concurrence of the Board, shall appoint their 
 assistants. 
 
i6 
 
 8. To assist the Pastor in the administration of the church 
 music. 
 
 9. In general, to carry out in this congregation the princi- 
 ples and rules enacted by the proper authorities of the Church 
 of the United Brethren. 
 
 d. All vacancies among the elective officers of the Board 
 shall be filled by the remainder of the Board until the next 
 annual election. 
 
 2. The Board of Trustees. 
 
 a. The Board of Trustees is composed of six brethren, to 
 be elected by the Congregation Council. They shall not be 
 less than twenty-five years of age, and shall have been com- 
 municant members of the congregation for not less than three 
 years. Their election shall take place on the first Tuesday in 
 May, and shall be so arranged that the terms of two of them 
 shall expire each year. At the first meeting after each annual 
 election the Board shall organize by electing a President, and 
 a Secretary and Treasurer. In case of the absence of the 
 presiding officer, the members shall appoint a chairmau pro 
 tern. 
 
 b. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees : 
 
 1. To manage and direct all secular and financial affairs .of 
 the congregation and the various funds entrusted to its care. 
 
 2. To determine the salaries of the pastor, the assistants, 
 and other officers and servants of the congregation. 
 
 3. To fix upon the amount of Church contributions, and 
 adopt measures for the punctual payment of the same. In so 
 doing it shall require not less than twenty-five cents per month 
 from each female member over twenty-one years of age, and 
 not less than fifty cents per month from each male member 
 over twenty-one years of age, this sum to in^luda lovefeast 
 and communion dues. But it shall have the authority to ex- 
 onerate members, in part or altogether, on account of their 
 inability. Members not residing in the community of Salem 
 shall pay not less than one dollar per annum, to retain their 
 full membership. 
 
Non-communicant birthright members over twenty-one years 
 of age, who desire to maintain their connection with the 
 Church, shall pay not less than one dollar per annum. 
 
 While the above classes of members are the only ones from 
 whom an annual contribution can be required, still, to incul- 
 cate the habit of giving, and to increase an interest in the 
 Church, all communicants, however young, should be asked 
 to give something each year. 
 
 At the beginning of each fiscal year the Board of Trustees 
 shall ask such adult members, as in its opinion, are able and 
 willing to comply with the request, whether he or she will, 
 that year, give 1 somewhat more than the fixed annual dues, 
 and if so, how much, which sum shall be collected with dues. 
 
 Each branch of the congregation shall collect, annually, 
 towards Church expenses, at least as much as would result 
 from a full collection of required dues from every adult 
 member. 
 
 4. To pay or cause to be paid the expenses necessarily 
 incurred by the Board of Elders and of the School Board in 
 the discharge of their legitimate sphere of duties. 
 
 5. To have charge of the Sisters' House and the Widows' 
 House of the congregation. 
 
 6. To take care of the churches and chapels of the congre- 
 gation, in connection with the Advisory Committee appointed 
 by the Home church and of the several chapels. 
 
 7 . To have the charge and superintendence of the grave- 
 yard, and the appointment of persons to dig graves and to 
 keep the graveyard in proper order. 
 
 8. To fix the price of tuition of congregation pupils in 
 Salem Female Academy, and collect the same. In doing so, it 
 shall require not less than $10,00 per school year from each 
 pupil, provided that any pupil whose tuition for previous years 
 has not been paid, shall be debarred from the privilege of 
 attending this school. 
 
 c. Any vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled by 
 the remaining members until the next annual election. 
 
j. The Joint Action of the Board of Elders and of the Board 
 Trustees. 
 
 The Board of Elders and the Board of Trustees have each 
 their separate sphere of activity and are not to interfere with 
 one another in the performance of their peculiar duties ; one 
 having charge of the spiritual and the other of the temporal 
 concerns of the congregation ; yet it is desirable that they 
 should be on terms of friendly intercourse, and even confer 
 together in such cases as may arise where each Board is inter- 
 ested, or where such mutual conference may result for the 
 manifest good of the congregation. In cases of disagreement 
 between these two Boards a joint meeting of both may be had 
 and the subject disposed of by a majority of votes. 
 
 /. The School Board. 
 
 a. The School Board is composed of the Pastor, or Pastors, 
 of the congregation, the Chairman and also the Treasurer and 
 Secretary of the Board of Trustees and three other brethren 
 to be elected biennially at the Congregation Council convened 
 on the first Tuesday in May. 
 
 b. The Board shall have the direction and management of 
 the congregation-school for boys. The Pastor, or if there be 
 more than one, the Senior Pastor of the congregation, shall be 
 the president of the Board. In case of the absence of the 
 presiding officer, the members of the Board shall appoint a 
 president pro tern. 
 
 c. It shall be the duty of the Board : 
 
 i . To appoint or elect a Principal of the School who may, 
 but need not be one of its members, who shall have charge of 
 the School, subject to the direction of the School Board. 
 
 2. To appoint a Head Teacher, or teachers, and assistant 
 teachers. 
 
 3. To fix the salaries of the Principal and teachers, and 
 provide for the proper maintenance of the school, and to reg- 
 ulate the price of tuition, and to collect the same. In doing so, 
 it shall require not less than $1.50 per month from each con- 
 gregation pupil in the lower classes, and not less than $2.00 
 per month for each congregation pupil in the Junior and 
 Senior Classes, provided that any pupil whose tuition for pre- 
 
19 
 
 vions years has not been paid, shall be debarred from the 
 privilege of attending this school. 
 
 4. It shall not, however, incur any extraordinary ex- 
 penses without previous consultation with the Board of 
 Trustees. 
 
 5. To make and enforce rules and regulations for the 
 proper government of the School. 
 
 d. All boys eight years of age, or upwards, shall be admit- 
 ted to this School, whose parents, or one of them, are members 
 of this congregation, and who shall be willing to submit to the 
 rules and regulations of the School. The sons of others, not 
 members, may be admitted on such terms and under such 
 rules and regulations as the School Board may find expedient. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 MINISTERS. 
 
 1. The Ministers of the Church of the United Brethren 
 are Bishops, Presbyters and Deacons. 
 
 1. BISHOPS. 
 
 The Bishops have been derived from the Ancient Church of 
 the United Brethren, and have continued in an uninterrupted 
 line of succession within the Church for more than four 
 hundred years. It is their exclusive function to ordain the 
 ministers of the Church, and they are entitled as voting mem- 
 bers, to attend the General Synod of the Brethren's Unity and 
 the Provincial Synods of the Province in which they reside. 
 They have no diocesan or conferential authority. Their 
 office is a spiritual one, as being in a peculiar sense, interces- 
 sors in the Church of God, and charged to bear the interests of 
 the Unity upon their hearts before the Lord, 
 
20 
 
 2. PRESBYTERS. 
 
 The Presbyters are the ministers who have been serving in 
 the sacred office for some length of time, and who either have 
 charge of a congregation in the ministry of the Word, or are 
 entrusted with the direction of any particular branch of 
 Church work. 
 
 3. DEACONS. 
 
 The consecration of Deacons is the first degree of consecra- 
 tion in the Church. It entitles to the exercise of the ministry 
 of the Word and sacraments. 
 
 2. Pastoral Service. 
 
 The Pastor, or Pastors, and other ordained servants of the 
 congregation, whether bishops, presbyters or deacons, conduct 
 their office according to the rules laid down by the Synods of 
 the Church, and by the congregations in which they serve, as 
 far as these rules are conformed to the Principles and Regula- 
 tions of the Brethren's Unity. 
 
 3. Appointment. 
 
 The exclusive right of appointment of minist ers is vested 
 in the Provincial Elders' Conference. In case of vacancy, by 
 death or otherwise, in the Pastorate, or other ordained service 
 of the congregation, when a brother is appointed b}^ the Pro- 
 vincial Elders' Conference, the name of the brother so appoint- 
 ed shall be laid before the Board of Elders and then before the 
 Board of Trustees. These Boards shall decide whether the 
 brother whose name is laid before them shall be accepted or 
 not ; and they may, in behalf of the congregation, propose 
 the name of another person, and may also request from the 
 Provincial Elders' Conference the removal of a brother in 
 whom confidence has been lost. 
 
21 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS. 
 
 i. All resolutions of the Congregation Council, the Board 
 of Elders and the Board of Trustees, not referring merely to 
 their current business, but containing permanent regulations, 
 shall be submitted for approbation to the Provincial Elders' 
 Conference, who shall, however, be at liberty to wihhold its 
 sanction only in case such resolutions, in the opinion of said 
 Conference, are at variance with the principles and constitu- 
 tion of the Church. 
 
 2. Persons desiring to become communicmt members of 
 the congregation will receive such catechetical instruction as 
 their circumstances may require. When they have been thus 
 prepared for Church membership their names shall be submit- 
 ed to the Board of Elders, who shall have full power to grant 
 or refuse their application to be baptised or confirmed. All 
 adults seeking admission into our communion shall, before 
 being received, be furnished by the Board of Elders w th full 
 information as to the requirements of Council with regard to 
 church contributions. 
 
 3-a. Persons who have previously been full members of 
 another denomination, shall have their certificate of dismissal 
 from their former Church, or, in case they cannot obtain them, 
 the proper evidence of their previous membership, laid before 
 the Board of Elders, If their request to become members of 
 this congregation has been granted by the Board of Elders, 
 they shall be received at a communion service, with the right 
 hand of fellowship. Their children, under twenty -one years 
 of age, if not objectionable in character, or not communicants of 
 some other Church, shall be received into the privileges of 
 noa-communicants in the congregation. 
 
 b. In all cases where one parent of a family, only, is 
 received into our communion, the question as to whether the 
 
22 
 
 children, if there be any, are to be enrolled as non-communi- 
 cant members of the congregation, or whether they adhere to 
 the other parent, shall be definitely understood at the time. 
 
 4. Until the chapel.- become separate Moravian churches 
 their membership shares in the privileges and duties of the 
 Salem congregation, and they are counted as members of this 
 congregation. 
 
 5. Members of other Moravian congregations having been 
 regularly dismissed from their churches, shall, after having 
 been accepted by the Board of Elders, have their names 
 announced at a communion service as being henceforth mem- 
 bers of this congregation. 
 
 6. Members are expected to bring their infant children to 
 be baptized as soon after their birth as convenient. Such 
 children become incorporated, by the sacrament of Baptism, 
 into the visible Church of Christ, and are to be regarded as 
 non-communicant members of the Church until they have been 
 confirmed, unless they should, by their misconduct in 
 riper years, forfeit these privileges. 
 
 7. The Lovefeast regulations are as follows : 
 
 a. Lovefeasts are private meetings, intended only for those 
 whose names are found on our Church catalogue, or are 
 members of other Moravian churches. 
 
 b. Communicants of sister denominations, and such only, 
 may be invited to these cccasions. 
 
 c. In the case of a married couple, of which only one is a 
 member of the Church, the other shall likewise have the 
 privilege of attending the lovefeasts. 
 
 d. Invitations to the lovefeast must be issued through the 
 pastor, and according to his best judgment. 
 
 e. A lovefeast shall annually be held for all those brethren 
 and sisters who are regularly engaged in the service of the 
 congregation. 
 
 f. In the case of children in the Home Sunday School and 
 pupils in the Salem Female Academy, existing customs of 
 admission to lovefeasts shall be observed, as far as the Board 
 of Elders shall find them practicable and desirable. 
 
23 
 
 8. The regulations for Funerals are as follows : 
 
 a. The chief sexton will make a list of male members up 
 to sixty-five years from which he will select those who 
 shall assist, in their due order, in carrying the mortal remains 
 of their brethren and sisters to the church and graveyard. 
 
 b Interments in the graveyard are restricted to the follow- 
 ing classes : Members of this congregation whose annual 
 dues have been paid, and their children under twenty-one 
 years of age, whose names are on the Church books, and who 
 have not connected themselves with some other church ; non- 
 communicant, husbands or wives of active members, who are 
 of good moral character ; members of other Moravian con- 
 gregations, who may die while visiting heie, or who were 
 formerly connected with this congregation ; teachers and 
 boarders who may die during their term of residence in Salem 
 Academy and College ; non-commun ; cant birth-right members, 
 who have paid one dollar annually after arriving at twenty- 
 one years of age. Exceptional cases may be decided by the 
 Boards of Elders and Trustees. 
 
 In all cases, interments in the graveyard must be refused 
 where member^ have left the Church, or have been excluded, 
 or where arrears in current Church account have not been 
 provided for, and where no suitable guarantee is given that a 
 tombstone will be laid, and other requirements met. 
 
 c. Fifteen dollars shall be paid for the privilege of burial 
 in the graveyard, in cases where the peison was husband or 
 wife of a communicant member. This sum shall be for grave 
 space only, and additional to the other expenses which are 
 customary in the case of members. An additional deposit of 
 ten dollars shall be made at the same time, with the Board of 
 Trustees, as a guarantee that a tombstone will be furnished, 
 which sum shall be refunded when the tombstone is laid. 
 
 d. It is expected that a suitable tombstone shall be placed 
 upon every grave within six months after interment. All 
 tombstones shall be recumbent, and their size shall not exceed 
 20 x 24 x 4 inches. 
 
 9. Members who for a considerable time, have entirely neg- 
 lected the ordinances and interests of the congregation, and 
 without being excused by the Board of Trustees, have neglect- 
 
24 
 
 ed or refused to contribute to the support of the congregation, 
 shall be regarded by the Board of Elders as having withdrawn 
 from the congregation, and their names shall be omitted from 
 the list of members, and, where it is practicable, they shall be 
 notified of the fact through the Board of Elders. 
 
 10. Members who have been excluded shall be duly noti- 
 fied, and shall, in all cases, have the right of appeal to the 
 Provincial Elders' Conference. 
 
 ii. Whenever the interests of the congregation, at any 
 future time, shall render it expedient to alter or amend, or add 
 to any of these present rules and regulations, such alterations, 
 amendments, or additions, if adopted by a majority of two- 
 thirds of all the votes cast in the Congregation Council, 
 shall be of equal weight and obligation as though they had 
 been literally embodied in these present rules and regulations : 
 provided, the vote on such alterations or amendments is not 
 taken in the same meeting in which they were introduced, but 
 at some subsequent meeting of the Congregation Council 
 expressly convened for that purpose; and, provided further, 
 that all such proposed alterations and amendments have ob- 
 tained the sanction of the Provincial Elder's Conference. 
 
25 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 BRIEF OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE MORAVIAN CHURCH. 
 
 Moravia and Bohemia, once an independent kingdom, now 
 provinces of the Austrian Empire, were Christianized in the 
 9 h century by the two Greek missionaries, Cyril and Meth- 
 odius. Gradually, however, the Church in this country came 
 under the control or the Roman hierarchy. 
 
 The reformer, John Hus, who, like a number of his earnest 
 predecessors, sought to bring the National Church to the 
 Scriptural standard, was burned to death at Constance on 
 July 6th, 1415. 
 
 After years of bloody war between Bohemia and Germany, 
 the more spiritual minded of the followers of John Hus, in 
 1457, banded themselves together, in the retired barony of 
 Lititz, in Northeast Bohemia, to lead a united Christian life. 
 
 In 1467, their separation from the National Church was 
 consummated by the decree of the Synod of I^hota and by the 
 consecration of three bishops at the hands of Stephen and his 
 Waldensian colleague, the last of an Austrian Waldensian line 
 created at the Council of Basle, in 1434. The Church of the 
 "United Brethren" now spread widely in Bohemia and 
 Moravia. 
 
 In 1505, the first Moravian Hymn Book and Catechism were 
 printed. In 15 12, the Brethren entered into relations with 
 Luther, and later, into correspondence with the Swiss reform- 
 ers. In 1549, the first churches were founded in Poland, and 
 the Unitas Fratrum henceforth consisted of three flourishing 
 divisions in Bohemia, Moravia and Poland. From 1579 to 
 1593, the whole Bible was translated from the original into the 
 Bohemian. It is called the " Kraliz Bible " In 1616, the 
 General Synod of the Unitas Fratnmi at Zerawitz adopted the 
 Ratio Disciplina, which gives an account of the life and ar- 
 rangements of the Ancient Brethren's Unity, of highest value 
 to their descendents. 
 
 After many persecutions, successfully borne, the Church of 
 the United Brethren was utterly rooted out by Ferdinand of 
 
26 
 
 Austria, during the Thirty Years' War. The leaders perished 
 on the scaffold, and more than 30,000 families were exiled 
 from Bohemia and Moravia. In Poland the Brethren were 
 gradually amalagated with the Reformed Church. 
 
 Bishop John Ames Comenius, the famous educator, by his 
 personal influence, his writings, and his care to maintain the 
 episcopacy, preserved the Unitas Fratrum from utter extinction. 
 
 A revival among the descendents of the Brethren in several 
 Moravian villages, under the preaching of Christian David, 
 from 1722 to 1727, led to the flight of a number of them into 
 Saxony. They were kindly received by the Count Nicholas 
 Louis Von Zinzendorf on his estates, and there founded the 
 town of Herrnhut. On August 13th, 1727, they were so pow- 
 erfully blessed by an outpouring of the Holy Ghost that in a 
 few years their testimony for Christ was spread into distant 
 parts of the world. 
 
 Their missions among the heathen commenced in 1732, when 
 Leonard Dober and David Nitschman started on foot, each 
 with six dollars in his pocket, and resolved, if necessary, to be 
 sold as slaves in order to bring the Gospel to the heathen 
 negroes on the Island of St. Thomas. 
 
 It having been agreed, contrary to the original wishes of 
 Count Zinzendorf, that the Moravians should not become 
 Lutherans, but continue their separate Church organization, 
 the episcopate was transferred from the Ancient to the Modern 
 Moravian Church by Bishop Daniel Ernst Jablonsk}' and Chris- 
 tian Sitkovius at Berlin on March 13th, 1735. The first Bishop 
 in the new line was David Nitschman, one of the Moravian 
 exiles. On May 12th, 1749, the Moravia 1 episcopate was 
 recognized by Act of British Parliament. 
 
 The Moravian Church in America commenced with the 
 arrival of ten M01 avian exiles in Savannah, Ga., April 17th, 
 1734, u der the leadership of Spangenberg. The several 
 voyages to Savannah led to the acquaintance of the Wesleys 
 with the Moravians In 1741, the chief Northern settlement 
 of Moravians was commenced at Bethlehem, Pa., and in 1766, 
 the chief Southern settlement at Salem, North Carolina. 
 
 The Moravian Church throughout the world is governed by 
 a General Synod, which meets once in ten years in Herrnhut, 
 Saxony. In the intervals between General Synods, the Cen- 
 tral Board, called the Unity's Department, residing at Berthels 
 dorf, near Herrnhut, c nducts the general affairs of the 
 Church The separate Provinces, with their Synods, are en- 
 tirely independent in the administration of their own affairs. 
 
 In the United Statts there are two Provinces, one in the 
 North and one in the South, each with its own Provincial 
 Synod and its own Provincial Elders' Conference. 
 
2 7 
 
 At the end of 1903 there were 7,895 Moravians o;i the Con- 
 tinent of Europe, 6,230 in Great Britain, and 25,067 in the 
 United States : a total of 39,192. 
 
 The following brethren have served as Bishops of the Unity 
 in the Southern District. 
 
 1. JOHN MARTIN GRAFF-Consecrated 1773, died 1782. 
 
 2. JOHN DANIEL KOEHLER, " 1790, " 1800. 
 
 3. CHARLES F. REICHEL, "' 1801, transferred to Penna.. 1811. 
 
 4. JOHN HERBST. " 1811, died 1812. 
 
 5. JACOB VAN VLECK, 1815, retired 1822. 
 
 6. ANDREW BENADE. " 1822, transferred to Penna., 1829. 
 
 7. JOHN C. BECHLER, " 1835 " " Europe, 1836. 
 
 8. WILLIAM H. VAN VLECK, " 1836, " " Penna., 1849. 
 
 9. JOHN G. HERMAN, " 1846, died 1854. 
 
 10. GEORGE F. BAHNSON, " 1860. " 1869. 
 
 11. EMIL A. de SCHWEINITZ. " 1874, " 1879. 
 
 12. EDWARD RONDTHALER, " 1891. 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 MORAVIAN MISSIONS. 
 
 The Moravian Church is divided into the German, the Brit- 
 ish, and the American Province, (Northern and Southern 
 Districts), but it conducts its mission- work among the heathen 
 as a Unity, under the direction of the Mission Board at Berth- 
 elsdorf, Saxony. 
 
 The Moravians were not the first to send out missionaries, 
 but they were the first Protestants who did this as a Church, 
 and are still the only Church with whom the evangelization of 
 the heathen is the chief concern. 
 
 The first Moravian missionaries, Leonard Dober and David 
 Nitschman, were sent to the negroes of the Danish Island of 
 St. Thomas in 1732. Gradually the work was extended to 
 many of the West India Islands. The Mission in Greenland 
 was commenced in 1733. The first missionary to the North 
 American Indians began his work among the Mohicans in 
 1740. The Labrador Mission dates from 1770. The first 
 negro converts of the Surinam Mission were baptised in 1776. 
 In 1792 the South African Mission, from which Bro. George 
 Schmidt had been driven away by the Colonial Government, 
 was renewed, and has been extending to this day. 
 
28 
 
 In the year 1849, both the Central American (Mosquito 
 Coast) and the Australian Missions were commenced. 
 
 The Himalayan Mission, on the borders of Thibet, which is 
 its ultimate aim, was undertaken in 1853. 
 
 In 1867 the Church took charge of a I^eper Hospital at 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 In 1878 the Moravians were invited to undertake a work in 
 Demerara. 
 
 In 1885 the Alaskan Mission was commenced. 
 
 In 1 89 1 the first three brethren proceeded to East Central 
 Africa to found a mission station north of Lake Nyassa. This 
 Central African Mission has been widely extended, and now 
 consists of two Provinces, Urambo and Nyassa. 
 
 The Moravian Missions have mostly been undertaken among 
 the lowest of the heathen. The Greenlander, the Hottentot, 
 the degraded Australian, the loathsome leper, have received the 
 Gospel from the lips of the Moravian missionary. The success 
 of the Gospel among these lowliest and most neglected of the 
 children of earth has often been very wonderful. The Mora- 
 vian story of Missions is filled with the triumphs of Christ's 
 grace. 
 
 In 1903, there were 15 Moravian Mission Provinces; 139 
 Stations; 470 Missionaries ; 2,189 Native Helpers of various 
 grades ; 32,850 Communicants, and a total of 94,995. 
 
 L,ast year's expense of the Moravian Missions was $475,000. 
 It is a very great outlay for a small Church, and the assistance 
 of all friends of the Kingdom of God is very welcome. Con- 
 tributions can be sent to Rev. Paul deSchweinitz, Mission 
 Agent at Bethlehem, Penna., or to Mr. James T. Lineback, 
 Mission Agent at Salem, N. C. 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT. 
 
 In 1753, Count Zinzendorf purchased a tract of nearly one 
 hundred thousand acres, in Western North Carolina, as the 
 home of a Moravian colony. This tract was called ' ' Wachovia ," 
 
2 9 
 
 from the name of an estate in Austria belonging to the Zin- 
 zendorf family. 
 
 The first settlers were a band of twelve young men from 
 Bethlehem, Penna. After a toilsome journey of nearly six 
 weeks, they found, on reaching the surveyed tract, a deserted 
 cabin. Here they rested, on November 17th, 1753, and, call- 
 ing the place Bethabara, commenced the Lord's work in the 
 wilderness. Gradually other Moravian emigrants came, and 
 neighboring settlers were also gathered under the preaching of 
 the Word. 
 
 On June 12th, 1759, the site of Bethania was selected by 
 Bishop Spangenberg, and in 1760 Bro. David Bishop became 
 the first minister of this congregation. 
 
 In 1766 the town of Salem was commenced, and in 1772 it 
 was made the centre of the Moravian colony in Wachovia. 
 
 • On November 26th, 1758, the first sermon in what is known 
 as Friedberg, was held by Bro. L,- G. Backhoff , at the house 
 of Adam Spach. On March nth, 1759, a church building was 
 conserated, and in 1772 the congregation of Friedberg was 
 formally constituted. The churches at Enterprise and Advent 
 were consecrated, the former in 1896 and the latter in 1897. 
 
 Friedland was commenced, in 1770, with German settlers 
 from the State of Maine. In 1775 the church was consecrated, 
 and Bro. Tycho Nissen became the pastor of the congregation. 
 
 Meetings commenced in the neighborhood of Hope as early 
 as 1758. On March 28th, 1780, the church, which is still 
 standing, was consecrated, and Bro. John C. Fritz became the 
 pastor. It was, at the time, the only English congregation in 
 in the District. (The old ; church became untenable, has 
 been removed, and a new church built in 1895). 
 
 In 1 80 1 a Mission was commenced among the Cherokees in 
 the Northern part of Georgia. After the removal of the tribe 
 to the Indian Territory the work was continued. It now con- 
 sists of the two stations, Woodmount and Spring Place, with 
 their out-stations, which, in 1892, were transferred to the 
 Northern Moravian Church on account of greater convenience 
 of administration. 
 
 On May 24th, 1822, the Colored Moravian Church was 
 instituted, which is still in a flourishing condition. 
 
 In the year 1839, a devoted layman, Bro. Zevely, began to 
 visit the destitute Blue Ridge country, in Virginia. As a 
 result of his work the Mount Bethel station was constituted 
 into a congregation on November 25th, 1852. In 1895 the 
 station at Willow Hill was begun and a congregation organized 
 soon after. 
 
3Q 
 
 In 1830 the town of Hope was laid out in Indiana, and in 
 1846 the town of West Salem in Illinois, both of which were 
 afterwards, for convenience, transferred to the Northern Board. 
 
 In 1846 the congregation of New Philadelphia was organ- 
 ized. The church at this place was dedicated on Oct. 31st, 
 and Nov. 1st, 1851. Bethesda Church was consecrated in 1898. 
 
 In 1868 the church at Kernersville was built by members of 
 the Friedland congregation residing there, and in 1870 Bro. 
 Isaac Prince became the first minister of the congregation. 
 
 In 1880 the congregation at Providence was organized. The 
 church was dedicated on July 16th, 1881. 
 
 In 1887 the congregation at Oak Grove was commenced, and 
 the church at that place was dedicated on May 14th, 1888. 
 
 Fulp congregation was organized, in 1894, and the corner- 
 stone of the church laid in October of that year. The church 
 was consecrated in 1895. 
 
 Mayodan was begun in 1896, and Avalon in 1900. 
 
 The congregation at Moravia was begun in 1896, and the 
 church dedicated in 1898. 
 
 Wachovia Arbor was begun in 1896, and Carmel in 1898. 
 
 The first service at Clemmonsville was held in the fall of 
 1899. The congregation was organized in 1900, and that same 
 year Clemmons School was opened. 
 
 Originally the affairs of the Southern. District was directed 
 from Bethlemem, Penn'a, but, in 1768, Bro. Frederick William 
 Marshall moved to Wachovia in order to act as the agent of the 
 Unity in this District. In 1785, during the visit of Bishop 
 John Watteville, the son-in-law of Count Zinzendorf, the 
 District was formally organized into a province and a Provin- 
 cial Elders' Conference was instituted for the South. A 
 monthly meeting of the ministers had already begun on Sep- 
 tember 15th, 1770. 
 
 In 1857, by the re-arrangement of the government of the 
 Unity at the General Synod of that year, the supreme control 
 of the local affairs of the Southern Church was vested in the 
 Provincial Synod. 
 
 In 1877 the Provincial Elders' Conference was incorporated 
 under the laws of the State of North Carolina, and the re- 
 maining property of the Unity in the District was purchased 
 in behalf of the Southern District, in order to form the chief 
 asset in its new Sustentation Fund. 
 
 After a union with the Northern District had been carefully 
 considered for a number of years, the project was finally 
 abandoned by mutual consent. From January 226. to 25th, 
 1884, the Provincial Synod met for the revision of the Consti- 
 tution of the Southern Moravian Church, under which revised 
 Constitution it is being admisistered. 
 
3i 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 THE SALEM CONGREGATION. 
 
 The name "SaeEm" was given to the projected central 
 settlement in Wachovia by Count Zinzendorf, shortly before 
 his death in 1760. The site of the town was selected on Feb- 
 ruary 14th, 1765. The watchword of the Moravian Church 
 for that day was very encouraging : ' ' Let thine eyes be opened 
 toward this house night and day, even toward the place of 
 which thou hast said, My name shall be there." — I Kings 
 viii, 29. 
 
 The first log hut was begun on January 6th, 1766, and was 
 occupied by eight brethren from Bethabara on February 19th 
 of the same year. This house, on Salt Street, afterwards a 
 potter's shop, is still standing. The first church of Salem, 
 called "Gemeinhaus," was dedicated on November 13th, 1771. 
 Its site is now occupied by the Main Hall of Salem Female 
 Academy. In 1772 the congregation was separated from that 
 of Bethabara, and became the seat of superintendence for the 
 District. 
 
 On May 31st, 1791, Salem was visited by President George 
 Washington. He was very favorably impressed with the 
 arrangements of the town, and was especially interested in the 
 water-works. In this respect and in others the settlers of 
 Salem were very enterprising. In 1773 the first Fire Regula- 
 tions were made. The water- works were built in 1778. In 
 1772 the arrival of the bell, weighing 2758 pounds, enabled the 
 town clock to strike the hours. In 1785 fire engines were 
 brought from Europe. Lightning-rods were introduced in 
 1787 ; the paper mill near Salem was finished in 1791. Eight 
 persons were vaccinated in 1802, only three years after the 
 Jenner discovery had been accepted in London. The first 
 wool-carding machinery in the State was introduced into Salem 
 in 18 1 5, and, in 1840, after a brief experiment in cotton man- 
 ufacturing, the Fries' Mills commenced their successful oper- 
 ation. 
 
 In 1794 the Boys' School was erected, during the principal- 
 ship of Bro. Christian Thomas Pfohl. 
 
 In 1896 the New Boys' School building was erected, and the 
 old building appropriated to Archive and Historical uses. 
 
 On June 1st, 1798, the corner-stone of the present church 
 building was laid. The organ was built in 1799, while the 
 church was being erected. The edifice was dedicated on No- 
 vember 9th, 1800. 
 
 In 1802 the Salem Female Academy was opened as a Board- 
 ing School. 
 
32 
 
 In 1 84 1 the Home Chapel was erected. It was enlarged to 
 its present size in 1881. 
 
 In 1849 51 acres were sold to the county of Forsyth, for the 
 new county-town of Winston. The court-house was finished 
 in 1850. In 1856 the lease system, by which only Moravians 
 could be holders of real estate in Salem, was given up. and the 
 town, under its mayor and council, entered fully into the 
 rank of all other incorporated towns and cities of the State. 
 It is now supplied with extens ve new water-works, and seven 
 miles of street mains; with electric light and street railway; 
 with steam fire-engine; with a mile of Main street paved" with 
 Belgian block-, (in accordance with a vote for a bonded debt 
 of $50,000, held on the 4th day of May, 1891 ) and an excel- 
 lent street system throughout the rapidly growing city. 
 
 On December 15th, 186 r, the new Colored Moravian church 
 was dedicated. The other Chapels of the congregation were 
 dedi ated at the following dates : East Salem Chapel, Decem- 
 ber 1 6th, 1877; Elm Street Chapel, October 29th, 1882 ; the 
 Centreville Chapel, November 29th, 1885 ; Calvary Chapel, in 
 Winston, December 15th, 1889; Christ Chapel, in West 
 Salem, April 9th, 1893, and Fairview, 1902. 
 
 In conned ion wi'h the Salem congregation, the following 
 Houses are maintained, under the rules of the Church: A 
 Sisters' House for unmarried women, and a Widows' House. 
 A committee of ladies maintains a Home for women, especially 
 the aged, and children. 
 
 At the end of 1903 there were 1408 communicants, 46 non- 
 communicants and 645 children connected with the Salem 
 Home congregation and its Chapels. There were 1587 teach- 
 ers and scholars enrolled in the nine Sunday Schools of the 
 congregation. 
 
 The following is a list of the Pastors of Salem congregation: 
 
 1. PAUL TIERSCH.. 1772-1774 
 
 2. JOHN MARTIN GRAFF ., 1774—1782 
 
 3. JOHN F. PETER 1782-1783 
 
 4. JOHN DANIEL KOEHLER 1784-1800 
 
 5. CHRISTIAN BENZIEN 1800—1802 
 
 6. CHARLES G. REICHEL 1802-1811 
 
 7. JOHN HERBST 1811-1812 
 
 8. SIMON PETER 1812—1812 
 
 9. JACOB VAN : VLECK 1812—1822 
 
 10. ANDREW BENADE 1822-1829 
 
 11. G. BENJAMIN REICHEL. 1829-1833 
 
 12. JOHN C. BECHLER : 1833-1836 
 
 13. WILLIAM HENRY VAN VLECK 1839-1849 
 
 14. GEORGE F. BAHNSON 1849-1858 
 
 15. FRANCIS R. HOLLAND 1858—1864 
 
 16. GEORGE F. BAHNSON 1864—1869 
 
 17. ALBERT L. OERTER 1869—1877 
 
 18. EDWARD RONDTHALER _ 1877— 
 
 Assistants— EDWARD S. CROSLAND 1901— 
 
 J. KENNETH PFOHL 1903— 
 
33 
 APPENDIX V. 
 
 SPECIAL SERVICES AND CHURCH CUSTOMS OF SALEM 
 CONGREGATION. 
 
 The general principles of Moravian worship are laid down 
 by General Synod. Under these general rules a large degree 
 of liberty is allowed to the separate congregations in their 
 respective forms and arrangements. 
 
 In addition to the usual order of Sunday and week-day 
 worship, the Salem church has the following special services: — 
 
 I?ifant Baptisms are administered before the Sunday morn- 
 ing sermon, or in the children's homes. 
 
 Confirmations and Adult Baptisms take place at any Com- 
 munion, and especially on Palm Sunday. 
 
 Holy Communion is celebrated on the the first Sunday of the 
 year; on the first Sunday in Lent; on Maundy Thursday in the 
 Holy Week; on Whit-Sunday; on the first Sunday in July; on 
 the Sunday nearest the 13th of August, on the first Sunday of 
 October; on the Sunday nearest the 13th of November; and on 
 the annual covenant days of the several Classes of the congre- 
 gation. The Communion is preceded by a Preparatory meet- 
 ing on the previous Friday evening. 
 
 The "Christian Year," commencing with the first Sunday 
 in Advent, is carefully observed. 
 
 The Christmas Services begin on Christmas Eve with a meet- 
 ing at 4:30 P. M. for little children, and at 7:30 P. M. for the 
 older congregation. The Christmas Liturgy is sung and the 
 sermon preached on Christmas morning. 
 
 On New Year' s Eve a service for" children is held at 4:30 
 P. M., the History of the Year, called the Memorabilia, is read 
 at 8 P. M., and the year is solmnly closed with a watch-ser- 
 vice, beginning at 11:30 P, M. 
 
 During the Lenten Season special services are held in order 
 to impress upon the minds of all the preciousness of the suffer- 
 ings and death of our blessed Lord. On Palm Sunday the 
 congregation gathers to hear the Acts and Words of our Sav- 
 iour on that day. They are read in a service interspersed 
 with hymns. The same order is followed on the successive 
 days of the week until Good Friday evening. On Saturday 
 (Easter Eve) at 2:30 P. M. the congregation commemorates 
 the blessed rest which Christ has secured for all his people by 
 his own rest in the grave. On Easter morning, shortly before 
 sunrise, the congregation meets at the church door to celebrate 
 
34 
 
 the resurrection of Her Lord by a united confession of faith, 
 which is afterwards concluded on the graveyard among the 
 graves of Christ's departed people. 
 
 The festivals of Ascension, Whitsuntide and Trinity are also 
 observed 
 
 Special memorial days are celebrated as follows : The Sun- 
 day nearest August 13th, in view of the gracious outpouring 
 of the Holy Spirit, whereby the Moravian Church was renewed 
 on August 13th, 1727; the Sunday nearest November 13th, 
 which is the congregation anniversary. 
 
 The congregation is divided into Classes. The underlying 
 idea of the Classes is that each Class, by its social situation in 
 life, needs to have a special view of its duties and encourage- 
 ments in the light of the Saviour's merits and example, and 
 that all the members of the Class are thus to be bound more 
 closely and kindly together. The Class Day of the Widows 
 falls on the Sunday nearest April 30th ; that of the Unmarried 
 Women en the Sunday nearest May 4th : shat of the Children 
 on the Sunday nearest August 17th ; and that of the Unmarried 
 Men on the Sunday nearest August 29th, and that of Married 
 People and Widowers on the Sunday nearest September 7th. 
 The special services connected with these Class Days consist 
 of a Preparatory meeting on the previous Saturday evening ; a 
 Festal service on the morning and a lovefeast and communion 
 in the afternoon of the covenant anniversary Sunday. 
 
 After the practice of the Apostles the Moravian Church 
 observes lovef easts, in which a simple meal is partaken of all 
 together, in token of the unity of Christ's family. The ser- 
 vice consists of anthems, hymns, prayer and discourse. It is 
 a private service, but is open to communicants of other 
 Churches who have b en invited by the Pastor. The ordinary 
 love feasts of the year are the Christmas Eve Lovefeast, the 
 Easter Eve Lovefeast, the Lovefeast on the Sunday nearest 
 August 13th, the Anniversary Lovefeast on the Sunday near- 
 est November 13th, and the lovefeasts on the several Class 
 Days. 
 
 Funerals are carefully solemnized. The death of the mem- 
 ber is announced by three chorals, played by the church band 
 from the church spire. The first and third tunes are always 
 the same : i. e. Tune 151 A, 
 
 " A pilgrim us preceding. 
 Departs unto his home," 
 
 and 
 
 " Lord, when I am departing, 
 Depart thou not from me." 
 
 The second tune indicates the class to which the departed 
 one has belonged, i. e., for married brethren, T. 83 D : 
 
 "Jesus ne'er forsake me." 
 
35 
 For married sisters, T. 79 A : 
 
 " His plea amid deep sighing. 
 Mid bitter tears and crying, 
 My soul with peace hath blest." 
 
 For widowers, T. 132 A 
 
 " His goodness and bis mercies all 
 Will follow me forever. 
 
 For widows, T. 149 A : 
 
 " Lift thy heart, O weary soul, 
 To the heavenly mansion. 
 
 For unmarried brethren, T. 185 A : 
 
 " Faithful Lord, my only joy and pleasure. 
 
 For unmarried sisters, T. 37 A : 
 
 " My happy lot is here, 
 The Lamb to follow." 
 
 For older boys T. 23 : 
 
 " Jesus' grace me here possessing. 
 Early with his peace me blessing." 
 
 For older girls, T. 14 A : 
 
 " Lord Jesus, let thy grace abound, 
 Me onward still direct." 
 
 For little boys, T. 39 A : 
 
 "The Lord to his fold little children inviteth," 
 
 For little girls, T. 82 D : 
 
 " Should not I for gladness leap, 
 Led by Jesus as his sheep." 
 
 At the funeral a memoir of the departed is communicated, 
 and at the grave the soft music of the church band among the 
 deep-green firs tells of a soldier gone home to be with Christ. 
 
 The beautiful " God's Acre," in which the dead lie under 
 recumbent stones of simple form and limited size, was conse- 
 crated on June 6th, 177 1, when a young brother, John Birk- 
 head was laid to rest beside one of the central firs. 
 
 As the expenses of the congregation are, in part, defrayed 
 by a Church Fund, the congregation takes the opportunity of 
 contributing the more liberally to the monthly collections, 
 
36 
 
 which are gathered on the first Sunday morning and evening 
 of the month, as follows : 
 
 January, 
 
 Missions among the Heathen. 
 
 February, 
 
 Provincial Collection. 
 
 March, 
 
 Bohemian and Moravian Missions. 
 
 April, 
 
 Home Missions. 
 
 May, 
 
 Bible Collection. 
 
 June, 
 
 Special. 
 
 July, 
 
 Bohemian and Moravian Missions. 
 
 August, 
 
 Missions among the Heathen. 
 
 September, 
 
 Special. 
 
 October, 
 
 Home Missions. 
 
 November, 
 
 Theological Seminary. 
 
 December, 
 
 For the Poor of the Congregation. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 li And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them 
 and mercy, and upon the Israel of God" — Gal. vi, 16.