jIVix- 5 *z i Wty^ / /; . ^W~^ WmP% jS?>^ ^ •■•SHf^feS Sent Free of Postage on Receipt of Price. Dick's One Hundred Amusements for Evening Parties, Picnics and Social Gatherings. This book is fall of Original Novelties. It contains : New and Attractive Games, clearly illus- trated by means of Witty Examples, showing how each may be most success- fully played. Surprising Tricks, easy of performance. Musical and other innocent sells. A variety of new and ingenious puzzles. Comical Illusions, fully described. Tliese surprising and grotesque illusions are very startling in their effects, and present little or no difficulty in their preparation. Also an Entirely Xetv Version of the "Mrs. Jarley's Wax "Works." Celebrated THE FLEXIBLE GIANT. A COMIC ILLUSION. Illustrated and explained by sixty fine wood engravings. Ulnminated paper covers 30 CtS. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 Cts. Sent Free of Postage on Receipt of Priee. The Art and Etiquette of Making Love, a Manual of Love, Courtship and Matrimony. It tells How to Cure Bashfulness ; How to Commence a Courtship,- How to Please a Sweetheart or Lover; How to Write a Love-Letter; How to " Pop the Question"; Hov: to Act Before and After a Pro- posal; How' to Accept or Reject a Proposal; How to Break off an Engagement; How to Act After an Engagement; Hoxo to Act as Bridesmaid or Grooms- man; How the Etiquette of a Wedding and the After-Reception Should be Observed; .aid, in fact, how to fulfill every duty and meet every contin- gency connected with courtship and matrimony. It includes also a choice collection of sensible Letters suitable for all the contingencies of Love and Courtship. 176 pages, paper covers 30 cts. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 cts. Dick's Quadrille Call-Book and Ball-Room Prompter. Containing clear directions how to call out the figures of every dance, with the quantity of music necessary for each figure, and simple explanations of all the figures and steps which occur in Plain and Fancy Quadrilles. Also, a plain analy- sis and description of all the steps employed in the favorite round dances, fully describing : The Opening March or Polonaise, Various Plain and Fancy Quadrilles, Waltz and Glide Quadrilles. Plain Lancers and Caledonians, Glide Lancers and Caledonians. Saratoga Lancers The Parisian Varieties. The Prince Imperial Set, Social and Basket Quadrilles, Nine-Pin and Star Quadrille*, Gavotte and Minuet Quadrilles, March and Cheat Quadrilles, Favorite Jigs and Confra-Dances, Polka and Polka Redoua, Redotva and Redoica Waltz, Polka Mazourka and Old Style Waltz, Modern Plain Waltz end Glide, Boston I>ip and Hop Waltz, Five-Step Waltz and Schottische, Varsovienne. and Zulma L'Orientale, Galop and Deux Temps. Esmeralda, Siciliemie, Danish Dance, AND OVER OXE HUNDRED FIGURES FOR THE '"GERMAN , To which is added a Sensible Guide to Etiquette and Proper De- portment in the Ball and Assembly Eooni, besides seventy pages of dance music for the piano. Paper covers 50 Cts, T*«rm/1 i-n "hoards 75 CtS<. Sent Free of Postage on Receipt of* Price. Uncle Josh's Trunkful of Fun. A portfolio oi first-class Wit and Humor, and never-ending source of Jollity. CONTAINING A RICH COLLECTION OF Comical Stones, Cruel Sells, Side- Splitting Jokes, Humorous Poetry, Quaint Parodies, Burlesque Sermons, New Conundrums. Mirth-Provoking Speeches, Curious Puzzles. Amusing Card Tricks, and Astonishing Feats of Parlor- Magic, This book is illustrated with nearly 200 Funny Engravings, and contains 64 large octavo double-column pages 15 cts, Barber's American Book of Ready-Made Speeches. Containing 159 original examples of Humorous and Serious Speeches, suitable for every possible occasion where a speech may be called for, with appropriate replies to each. INCLTTDIXG- Prese n tatio n Sp eeckes. Convivial Speeches. Festival Speeches, addresses of Congratulation. Addresses of Welcome. Addresses of Compliment. Political Speeches. Dinner and Supper Speeches fot Clubs, etc. Off-Hand Speeches on a Variety aj Subjects. Miscellaneous Speeches. Toasts and Sentiments for Public an.i Private Entertainments. Preambles and. Resolutions of Con gratulation, Compliment and. Con, dolence. \Tith this book any person may prepare himself to make a neat little speech, or reply to one* when called upon to do so. They are all short, appropriate and witty, and even ready speakers may profit by them. Paper -50 cts Bound in boards, cloth back , f f , f 75 nts! Sent Free of Postage en Receipt of Price* The Amateur Trapper and Trap-Maker's Guide. A complete and carefully prepared treatise on the art of Trapping, Snaring and aSTetting ; containing plain directions for constructing the most approved Traps, Snares, Xets and Dead-Falls ; the best methods of applying them to their various purposes ; and the most successful Baits for attracting all kinds of Animals, Birds, etc., with their special uses in each case ; in- """oducing receipts for preparing Skins and Furs for Market. Fne entire work is based on the experience of the most successful Trappers, and on information derived from other authentic pro- fessional sources. By Stanley Harding. This comprehensive work is embellished with fifty "well drawn and engraved illustra- tions ; and these, together with the clear explanations which ac- company them, will enable anybody of moderate comprehension to make and set any of the traps described. IT TELLS How to make all kinds of Traps; How to make all kinds of Snares; How to Set and Secure traps: How to Attract Animals from a Dis- tance; How to Prepare Baits; Hovj to Bait a Trap; Ho a to Trap or Snare all kinds of Animate; Hovj to Trap or Snare Birds of every description; Hov) to Cure and Tan Skins; How to Skin and fStvff Birds or Animals. It also gives the baits usually employed by the most successful Hunters and Trappers, and exposes their secret methods of at- tracting and catching Animals, Birds, etc., with scarcely a pos- sibility of failure. Large 16mo, paper covers 50 Cts : Bound in boards, cloth back. 75 cts^ How to Write a Composition . The use of this hand- book will save the student the many hours of labor too often -wasted in trying to write a plain composition. It affords a perfect skeleton of one hundred and seventeen different subjects, with their headings or divi- sions clearly defined, and each heading filled in with the ideas which the subject suggests; so that all the writer has to do, in order to produce a good composition, is to enlarge on them to suit his taste and inclination. /i78 pages, paper covers. 30 Cts. Bound in boards, cloth back - 50 Cts. Sent Free of Postage on Receipt of M*ri<:*„ The Magician's Own Book. One of the most ex- traordinary and interesting volumes ever printed — containing the Whole Art of Conjuring, and all the Discoveries^ Magic evei made, either by ancient or modem philosophers. IT EXPLAINS All Sleight of Sand Tricks; Tricks and Deceptions with Cards; The Magic of Chemistry; Mysterious Experiments in Electricity and Galvanism; The Magic of Pneumatics, Aerostatics, Optics, etc.; ttie. Magic of Numbers; Curious Tricks in Geometry; Mysterious and Amusing Puzzles, am answers thereto; The Magic of Art; Miscellaneous Tricks and Expvr, merits'; Curious Fancies, etc., etc The tricks are all illustrated by Engravings and Tables, so as make them easily understood and practiced. As a volume for the amusement of an evening party, this book cannot be sur- Gilt binding. 362 pages $1,50 East Lynne; or, The Earl's Daughter. Li brary edition, complete and unabridged. This novel is Mrs.v Henry Wood's masterpiece, and stands in the very front ank oi all the works of fiction ever written ; it has scarcely a riv ' as a brilliant creation of literary genius, and is prominent among the very few works of its class that have stood the test of time, and achieved a lasting reputation. In originality of design, and masterly and dramatic development of the subject, East Lynne stands unrivaled ; it will be read and re-read long after the ma- jority of the ephemeral romances of to-day have passed out of existence and been forgotten. A handsome 12mo volume of 598 pages, from new electrotype plates, printed on fine toned paper, and elegantly bound in cloth, in black and gold. . .$1.50 FROST'S Original Letter-Writer. A COMPLETE COLLECTION OP ORIGINAL LETTERS AND NOTES UPON EVERY IMAGINABLE SUBJECT OF EVERY-DAY LIFE, WITH PLAIN DIRECTIONS ABOUT EVERYTHING CONNECTED WITH WRITING A LETTER, CONTAINING LETTERS OP INTRODUCTION, LETTERS ON BUSINESS, LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS, LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION, APPLICATIONS POR EMPLOYMENT, LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION, OF CON- DOLENCE, OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP, LOVE LETTERS, NOTES OF INVITATION, NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS, LETTERS OF FAVOR, OP ADVICE, AND LETTERS OF EXCUSE, TOGETHER "WITH APPROPRIATE ANSWERS TO EACH. THE WHOLE EMBRACING THEEE HUNDEED LETTEES AND NOTES. TO WHICH IS ADDED A COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF SYNONYMS. By S. A. FROST, Author op "The Parlor Stage," "Dialogues pob Young Folks," etc., etc. S/ NEW YORK: DICK & FITZGERALD, PUBLISHERS. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1867. By DICK & FITZGERALD, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. I TABLE OF CONTENTS. Pagb. Ittoodttction 14 Chirography 16 Orthography 18 Grammatical Accuracy 20 Punctuation 22 Capital Letters 23 Style 24 Abbreviations 27 Figures 27 Quotations 27 Slang "Words and Phrases 28 Subject . 28 Date 29 Postscript 30 Porms of Address , 30 The Superscription 31 Answers 32 General Hints . . , , 32 SUBJECTS. Letters of Introduction.... 35 Letters on Business 46 Letters Answering Advertisements 63 Letters of Recommendation 73 Letters of Congratulation 81 Letters of Condolence 90 Letters of Friendship and Relationship 99 Letters of Love 119 Notes of Invitation and Answers 13r 3 4 CONTENTS. PAGE. Notes Accompanying Gifts and Answers 145 Letters of Favor 151 Letters of Advice 157 Letters of Excuse . 162 Dictionary of Synonyms 167 LETTERS OF INTRODUCTION. Letter Introducing one Lady to another , 36 Letter Introducing a Young Musician to a Lady Frien d 37 Letter Introducing Prof. Payne to Prof. Myers 37 Letter Introducing a Young Lady Seeking Employment 37 Letter Introducing a Gentleman Seeking a Clerkship 3J/' Letter Introducing a "Wounded Officer to a Gentleman Friend 38 Letter Introducing a Soldier to a Lady Friend 39 Letter Introducing a Lady, about to change her Residence, to a Friend. . . 39 Letter Introducing a Sister to a Schoolmate 39 Letter Introducing a Schoolmate to a Married Brother 40 Letter Introducing a Young Married Couple, travelling, to a Friend 40 Letter Introducing a Clerk to an old fellow Clerk 40 Letter Introducing a Lady in search of a Governess to a Lady Friend 41 Letter Introducing an Officer to a brother Officer : 41 Letter Introducing a Soldier to the writer's Mother 42 Letter Introducing a brother Officer to the writer's "Wile 42 Letter Introducing a Young Farmer Seeking City Employment 42 Letter Introducing an Officer Seeking a position, to a Member of Congress 43 Letter Introducing the same Officer to the Secretary of "War 43 Letter Introducing a Young Married Lady to a Friend in her new Home. 43 Letter Introducing a Daughter Invited to make a Yisit 44 Letter Introducing a Governess 44 Letter Introducing a Husband to an old Schoolmate 45 Letter Introducing a Gentleman to a Lady Friend 45 Letter Litroducing a Literary Lady to a Publisher 45 LETTERS ON BUSINESS. Letter Ordering a Supply of Goods for a Country Store 46 Answer to the Foregoing 47 Letter Ordering Dry Goods from a Firm just Starting in Business 47 Answer to the Foregoing 48 Letter of Complaint for Imperfect Goods 48 Answer to the Foregoing 49 Letter Offering a Book to a Publisher 49 Answer Declining the Same 49 Answer taking the Book for Examination 50 CONTENTS. 5 Page. Letter Requesting Information with Regard to a Proposed Site for a Store 50 Answer to the Foregoing 50 Letter Proposing to Sell Goods on Commission 51 Answer to the Poregoing 51 Letter Proposing to Open a Business Account 52 Answer to the Foregoing 52 Letter Apologizing lor Delay in the Payment of an Account 52 Answer to the Foregoing 53 Letter Requesting the Terms for Buying a Country Seat 53 Answer to the Foregoing 53 Letter complaining of an Error in a Bill 54 Answer to the Foregoing 54 Letter Introducing a Successor in Business 54 Letter Requesting the Settlement of an Account 55 Letter Requesting Delay in the Payment of Rent 55 Letter Urging the Payment of Rent 56 Letter Requesting Circular of a School 56 Letter Offering to Dispose of Furniture 57 Letter from a Lady in the Country Ordering Goods 57 Letter from a Farmer to an Intelligence Office, applying for Hands 58 Letter to the President of a Railroad, Inquiring for Baggage 58 Letter Offering a Manuscript to an Editor 58 Letter from a Man Proposing to Emigrate, to a Recent Settler 59 Answer to the Foregoing 59 Form of Order to a Music Dealer 60 Form of Order to a Publisher 61 Form of Order to a Dry Goods Merchant 61 Form of Order to a Grocer. . , 62 LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Bookkeeper 65 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Clerk 64 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Salesman 64 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Printer 65 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Coachman 65 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Gardener 66 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Cook 66 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Chambermaid 67 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Child's Nurse 67 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Governess 67 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Music Teacher 68 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Milliner 68 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Seamstress . . . 69 Letter Answering an Advertisement for a Saleswoman 69 Letter Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Printer. ..... 69 qg CONTENTS. Page. Lettei Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Book-binder. 70 Lettei Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Carpenter. ... 70 Letter Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Machinist. ... 71 Letter Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Milliner 71 Letter Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Dressmaker. . 72 LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. Letter Recommending a Bookkeeper 73 Letter Recommending a Housekeeper 73 Letter Recommending a "Washerwoman 74 Letter Recommending a Waiter 74 Letter Recommending a Porter 74 Letter Recommending a Cook 75 Letter Recommending a Salesman 75 Letter Recommending a Governess 76 Letter Recommending a Man Servant 76 Letter Recommending a Child's Nurse 76 Letter Recommending a Music Teacher 77 Letter Recommending a Schoolmistress 77 Letter Recommending a Driver 77 Letter Recommending a Cabinet Maker 77 Letter Recommending a Farm Laborer 78 LETTERS DECLINING TO RECOMMEND. Letter Declining to Recommend a Cook 78 Letter Declining to Recommend a Clerk 79 Letter Declining to Recommend an Errand Boy 79 LETTERS ANSWERING APPLICATION FOR CHARACTER, UNFAVORABLY. Letter giving Unfavorable Character of a Housemaid 79 Letter giving Unfavorable Character of a Governess . 79 Letter giving Unfavorable Character of a Salesman 80 Letter giving Unfavorable Character of a Seamstress 80 LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. Letter Congratulating a Gentleman upon his Marriage 81 Letter Congratulating a Lady upon her Marriage. ...•••• 82 Letter Congratulating a Friend upon Receiving a Legacy 82 CONTENTS. 7 Page. Letter Congratulating a Friend upon Restoration to Health 82 Letter Congratulating a, Friend on. the birth of a Bon 83 Letter Congratulating a Friend on the birth of a Daughter 83 Letter Congratulating a Friend on the safe Return of a Soldier Husband. 83 Letter Congratulating a Friend on obtaining a Government Appointment 84 Letter Congratulating a Friend on the Recovery of a Sick Child 84 Letter Congratulating a Friend on safe arrival from a Long Voyage 84 Letter Congratulating a Friend on the unexpected Return of a Son sup- posed to be Dead 85 Letter Congratulating a Friend on escape from Injury in a Railway Acci- dent 85 Letter Congratulating a Friend on Recovery of a Lost Child 85 Letter Congratulating a Friend on the Anniversary of the Twenty-fifth Wedding Day 86 Letter Congratulating a Friend on arriving at Maturity 86 Letter Congratulating a Friend on the successful issue of a Lawsuit 87 Letter Congratulating a Friend on being taken into Business Partnership 87 Letter Congratulating a Friend on passing a successf ill School Examina- tion '. . 87 Letter Congratulating an Author on the S access of a Book 88 Letter Congratulating a Friend on obtaining a Physician's Diploma 88 Letter Congratulating a Friend on obtaining an Army Commission 88 Letter Congratulating a Friend on obtaining a Business Situation 89 LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. To a Friend on the loss of a Husband 90 To a Friend on the loss of a Wife 91 To a Friend on the loss of a Son 91 To a Friend on the loss of a Daughter 92 To a Friend on the loss of a Mother 92 To a Friend on the loss of a Father 93 To a Friend on the loss of a Brother 93 To a Friend on the loss of a Sister 94 To a Friend on the loss of an Infant 94 To a Friend on a sudden reverse of Fortune 94 To a Friend on the loss of a Limb by accident 95 To a Friend suffering from a severe Attack of Hiness - 95 To a Friend on the loss of a valuable Ship at sea 96 To a Friend on the loss of a Lawsuit 96 To a Friend on failure in Business 96 To a Friend on the loss of Property by Fire 97 To a Friend on the loss of Property by Robbery 97 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. Letter from a Sister to a Brother upon hearing of his Engagement 99 Letter from a Mother to a Daughter consenting to her Engagement 100 8 CONTENTS. Page. Letter from a Daughter to a Father requesting a holiday from School 101 Letter from a Grandmother to a Grandson on hearing of his Marriage. . . . 101 Letter from a Brother to a Sister warning her of an unsafe Friendship. . . 102 Letter from a Sister to a Brother who has gone astray 102 Letter from a Sister to a Brother's Wife 103 Letter from a Brother to a Sister's Husband 104 Letter from an elderly Aunt to a favorite Nephew 104 Letter from a Father to his Son at School 105 Letter from a Mother remonstrating with her Son 105 Letter from a poor "Widow to her Daughter about to marry 10S Letter from a Lady Friend complaining of long silence 106 Answer to the Foregoing 107 Letter from an absent Wife to her Husband 107 Answer to the Foregoing 108 Letter from a Wife who has been summoned from home by her Mother's Illness 108 Answer to the Foregoing 109 Letter from a Gentleman to a Friend announcing his Engagement 109 Letter from a Husband absent on Business, to his Wife 110 Letter from a Repentant Son to a Father Ill Answer to the Foregoing Ill Letter from a married Man, to a Friend about to marry Ill Letter from a married Lady to a Sister about to marry 112 Letter from a Country Girl to a City Friend 113 Letter from a young Lady to a Schoolmate just married 114 Letter from a young Lady to a Friend who has slandered her 114 Answer to the Foregoing 115 Letter from a Lad in the country to a Friend at home 116 Letter from a Lad in the city to his Sister at home 116 Letter from a Lad to a Sea Captain asking to go to Sea 117 Answer to the Foregoing. , 118 LETTERS OF LOVE. Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady offering his hand 119 Favorable Reply to the Foregoing 120 Unfa-v oiable Reply to the Foregoing 120 Letter from a Gentleman to the Father of the Lady he loves, requesting permission to pay his addresses 121 Favorable Reply to the Foregoing 121 Unfavorable Reply to the Foregoing 122 Conditional Reply to the Foregoing 122 Letter of Farewell to a Lady, before starting on a Journey, requesting an interview ,. , 123 Favorable Reply to the Foregoing 123 Unfavorable Reply to the Foregoing 123 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady , requesting an explanation of unfavor- able comments upon him ,. VH CONTENTS. 9 Page. Reply to the Foregoing 124 From a Gentleman to a Lady remonstaiting -with her for flirting 124 From a Lady to a Gentleman accusing him of coldness 125 From a Gentleman to a Lady confessing change of Sentiment 12G From a Lady to a Gentleman desiring release from an Engagement 12G From a Gentleman to a Lady requesting a lock of Hair 127 From a Gentleman to a Lady requesting a Photograph 123 From a Gentleman to a Lady requesting permission to cail 128 Favorable Reply to Foregoing.. 128 Unfavorable Reply to Foregoing 129 Letter from an ardent Lover to a Lady 129 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady, seeking to renew a ruptured Engage- ment 129 Favorable Reply to the Foregoing 130 Unfavorable Reply to the Foregoing 130 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady, making a declaration of Love 130 Reply stating the Lady's engagement to another 131 Letter from an absent Lover, complaining of a scarcity of letters 131 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady apologizing for absence 132 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady upon hearing of her illness .. . ? 132 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady after heavy business losses, offensag to release her from an Engagement 133 Reply accepting the Offer, and returning engagement Ring 124 Reply declining the Offer 134 From a Lady to a Gentleman accusing him of inconstancy, and demanding the return of her Letters — : 135 Letter from a Lady to a Gentleman on bearing of his Illness 135 Letter from a Lady to a Gentleman demanding the return of a Photograph taken from her Album 135 Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady asking tor an interview upon her re- covery from a severe Illness, and declaring his Love 136 NOTES OF INVITATION AND ANSWERS. Invitation to Ride 137 Answer Declining 137 Answer Accepting 138 Invitation to an Evening Party ...... 138 Answer Accepting 138 Answer Declining 138 Invitation to a Dinner Party 138 Answer Accepting 138 Answer Declining 139 Invitation to a Pic-nic 139 Answer Accepting > 139 Answer Declining « 139 Lavitatiou to a Wedding: 140 10 CONTENTS. Page. Familiar Invitation to a "Wedding 140 Answer Accepting 141 Answer Declining 141 Invitation to make a Summer Visit 141 Answer Accepting 142 Answer Declining 142 Invitation to Walk 142 Answer Accepting 143 Answer Declining 143 Invitation to a Fancy Ball 144 Answer Accepting. 144 Aoswer Declining - 144 NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS, AND THEIR ANSWERS. Note Accompanying a "Wedding Gift of a Bracelet...... , 145 Answer to the Foregoing 145 Note Accompanying a Christening Gift of a Silver Cup 145 Answer to the Foregoing 145 Note Accompanying a Bouquet of Flowers to a Lady 146 Answer to the Foregoing 146 Note Accompanying a Betrothal Gift of a Bing 146 Answer to the Foregoing 146 Note Accompanying a Book sent by the Author 146 Answer to the Foregoing 146 Note Accompanying the Photograph of an Infant 147 Answer to the Foregoing 147 Note Accompanying a piece of Embroidery for a Child 147 Answer to the Foregoing 147 Note Accompanying a Gift on the Eightieth Birthday ...-,.. 143 Answer to the Foregoing 148 Note Accompanying a Basket of Fruit raised by Donor 148 Answer to the Foregoing ] 48 Note Accompanying a Donation to a "Widow *-9tfir* ^ Answer to the Foregoing 149 Note Accompanying a Dog, requested by the Becipient 149 Answer to the Foregoing 150 Note Accompanying a Present of Music, to a Lady 159 Answer to the Foregoing 150 LETTERS OF FAVOR. OFFERING FAVOBS. Offering the Use of a House after a Fire 151 Answer Accepting the Favor 152 Offering a Loan of Money for Business 152 Answer Declining the Favor 152 CONTENTS. 11 Page. Offering the use of Mourning for a Funeral 153 Offer Accepting the Favor 153 Offering to Assist in Nursing in Illness 153 Offer Declining the Favor 154 KEQUESTING FAVOES. Requesting the Loan of a Book 154 Answer Granting the Request 154 Requesting a Loan of Money 155 Answer Refusing the Request 155 Requesting a Letter of Introduction 155 Answer Granting the Request 155 Requesting the Loan of a Horse 156 Answei Refusing the Request 156 Requesting an Autograph 156 Answer Granting the Request 156 LETTERS OF ADVICE. Letter Advising a young Man to Study a Profession 157 Letter Advising a Lad not to leave a half -learned Trade 1 58 Letter Advising a young Man to drop an Acquaintance 159 Letter Advising a young Lady to discourage the Visits of Suitor 168 Letter Advising a young Man against a hurried Marriage 160 Letter Advising a young Lady to refuse Gifts from Gentlemen 161 LETTERS OF EXCUSE. Apologizing for a Broken Engagement . , 162 Apologizing for Injury to a Borrowed Book. 162 Apologizing for the Misconduct of a Child at School 163 Apologizing for delay in Filling a Commission for a Friend , 163 Apologizing for the Rudeness of a Servant , ,, 163 Excusing a long delay in answering a Letter , 164 Apology for delay in acknowledging the receipt of a Present trom a Friend..,. 165 % p PREFACE The little volume now presented to the public, is carefully prepared to meet the wants of the large class of individuals who are anxious to acquire a good style of letter writing, but who, through neglect or lack of practice, feel that they are deficient in the art. Letter writing in an enlightened and educated country like the United States, should be an accomplishment universally understood and practised. It is a rare exception in our nation when families remain together after the children have arrived at years of maturity. One marries and goes hundreds of miles from her parents, another finds a busi- ness opening in a distant city ; one child is placed at a far away boarding school ; one goes to college ; in fact, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, the family is scattered. Where then is the link to bind these hearts closely together, though faces and loving eyes are far asunder 1 Does it not lie in the snowy sheet, the jetty ink, and the tiny fairy pen-point that will trace out loving thoughts, home details and every-day interests, to keep alive the warm home love 1 Who will not tear open with eager interest the envelope where a beloved hand has traced the address in familiar characters 1 \ Yet in spite of the universal need and craving for such intercourse, there are vast numbers of people who seldom write or read a letter, and who, when the want is felt, are deeply sensible of their own deficiency. Many who handle the saw or hammer daily, will shrink from attempting to wield a pen, and fear that their own want of practice will cause them to make blunders that will excite th» ridicule of their correspondent. It is to these more especially that this little book is dedicated, hoping that it will fill a long-felt void. INTRODUCTION. In the whole range of accomplishments there is no one that is so desirable, in every position in life, as the art of letter writing. There is no greater proof of this assertion, than the fact that from the earliest ages, in every country, man has sought and found some means of intercourse with those absent from him. From the savage who plucked one leaf for a challenge, one for a declaration of love, one for a warning of danger, and had the vast forest to select from, the wide prairies to traverse before the messenger reached his destination, to the merchant of to-day who sends a communication flying over the electric telegraph, this need has been provided for. In no one branch has the progress of civilization been so marked as in the improved means of writing letters, and the enlarged opportunities for sending them. Every year the facilities for the interchange of ideas become more perfect. Where the heavy emigrant wagons once lumbered over the rough "Western wilds, bearing to waiting hearts the first tidings of home, after months of absence, the swiftly- gliding railroad train now carries the weekly or daily mail ; where the broad ocean once rolled lik'j an almost impassable barrier between loving hearts, and the sea voyage was the under- taking of a life time, now the panting steamers carry over the snowy missives in less time than it once occupied to cross from one State to another. And the need, the craving for this interchange of thought, is not confined to those who can write out their ideas and form phrases as easily upon paper as with the lips. We find the Eastern lover selecting the choice bouquet by which to convey to his beloved his ardent passion, and the maiden return- ing the dainty messenger. The Highland chieftain sent the burning brand from clan to clan by the fleet-footed son of the mountain, to INTRODUCTION. 15 rouse every heart to the war cry. The knight of olden time attached to his arrow the white-winged burden and let it fly from his skilled fingers through the lattice of his lady love, or wrote a fierce defiance to speed by the same means over the walls of the besieged castle. The fair maiden in days of chivalry trained the gentle dove to bear her heart's secret through the air to gladden the lover's eyes, and watched from her turret chamber the return of the trusted pet. And in the present day, no heart so dead and lonely but that a letter written or received is an era in the day. Though years of separation may blot out the face of relative or friend from our memory, letters will form a chain to keep alive all the holier and sweeter ties of love and friendship. The wide ocean, the vast prairie, the lofty mountain, the stronger bar of years of time, may stretch between loving hearts, yet a letter will speed from one to the other, keeping alive the tenderest emotions. Without this link to bind the absent, mankind would grow morose and intensely selfish when separated from personal intercourse with those dear to him. The heart untouched by any word of remem- brance or affection would grow hard and cold, and each member of the great human family stand isolated and dreary whenever called upon to part from friends. Since then this art of conveying thought through the medium of written language is so valuable and so necessary, a thorough know- ledge of the practice must be desirable to every one. For merely to write a good letter, requires the exercise of much of the educa- tion and talent of any writer. A good letter must be correct in every mechanical detail, finished in style, interesting in substance, and intelligible in construction. Few there are who do not need to write them, yet a letter perfect in every detail is rarer than any other specimen of composition. Not that there are not millions of letters sent far and wide every hour of the day, but out of the vast collection very few, compara- tively, will bear criticism in every respect. Every situation, every character, every connection of family, business, love, friendship require the exercise of the talent, and every man, woman and even child is anxious to write a good letter ; yet there is a strange diffi- dence in the exercise of the art, and a wonderful deficiency in its practice. To some, writing, as an accomplishment, appears so simple and •asy a task, that they fall into a diffuse, careless style, a faulty 16 . IN TROD UCT10N. orthography, and almost illegible hand, merely from the mistaken idea that letters are so simple to write, that it is useless to take any pains with them. Great fluency may of course he attained without running into carelessness, but even the simplest letters require some thought and attention, to make them acceptable. To others again, a letter assumes the most gigantic proportions, and is regarded as a formidable undertaking, second only to writing a book. These, awed by the stupendous difficulties before them, will send to a near relative or friend a stiff, labored epistle, where all ease is swallowed up in over care, and cordiality lost in ceremo- nious phrases. The great art is to be able to write gracefully and with ease, to suit your style to your correspondence, and while carefully avoid- ing all error, to also avoid the appearance of having studied your letter. This facility once acquired will be found the most valuable of all mental acquisitions to every class and in every connection. In business it at once stamps a man's capacity ; in society it marks the standing of lady or gentleman far more decid- edly than their purse or wardrobe ; in friendship it bridges over the painful chasm of separation, and takes the sting from^arting ; in love, in joy, in sorrow, it takes the place of those trying and mo- mentous moments when the voice is choked with emotion, or the tears interrupt the flow of words. In short, from the President in his cabinet to the laborer in the streets ; from the lady in her parlor to the servant in her kitchen ; from the millionaire to the beggar ; from the emigrant to the settler ; from every country and under every combination of circumstances, letter writing in all its forms and varieties is most important to the advancement, welfare and happiness of the human family. Granting, therefore, that to write a good letter is necessary as well as desirable, it is important to consider what is requisite to attain this end, and through what form of study the writer must graduate before he can command perfection in the art. As his letter must be legible before it can accomplish its ends, Chirography must be studied, then Orthography demands his atten- tion, Punctuation will put in its claims for consideration, Style must occupy some thought, correct Grammar is essential, and each variety of subject will demand some variation in phrase and form. First then to consider Chirography. To write your letter in a clear, legible hand is the first object to INTRODUCTION. 17 be desired. You may strew your sheet with diamonds of thought, Bparkling wit, valuable information or ideas that make it a literary prize, but if your handwriting is so bad that no one can read it, of what avail are your mental gems 1 It is folly to suppose that the faculty for writing a good hand is confined to any particular persons. There is no one who can write at all, but what can write well, if only the necessary pains are practised. That you have fallen into a habit of writing badly is only an additional reason for immediately breaking yourself of the habit, and learning to guide your pen to form handsome, clear char- acters instead of villainous scrawls. Practice will make perfect in this as in any other mechanical pursuit, where there is no actual deformity, injury or weakness of the hand. There are those, sensible in other respects, who have the folly to suppose that it is rather a mark of distinction to write a bad hand, and while boasting of their own illegible scrawls, will quote distin- guished characters whose writing was a sealed book to most readers. No affectation can be more absurd. If you write what cannot be read, why write at all 1 It is surely a sad waste of time, pen, ink and paper to make marks that are absolutely useless to a reader, or that are to consume perhaps valuable time to decipher what ought to be perfectly plain at sight. Every word of even the most trifling document, should be written in such clear characters, that it would be impossible to mistake it for another word, or the writer may find himself in the position of the Eastern merchant who, writing to the Indies for five thousand mangoes, received by the next vessel five hundred monkeys, with a promise of more in the next cargo. Let every word be sufficiently separated from the preceding and following word so as to stand out distinctly. Even if each letter is well formed, it will still be difficult to read a hand where the char- acters are huddled up closely, or the words tread upon each other's heels. A crowded handwriting is always faulty. Remember that this, like every other art, can be acquired by patience and perseverance. Every man who has the use of his eyes and fingers can learn to write any hand that suits him. A very stiff, formal hand is not desirable, neither is it necessary to learn all the flourishes of a professional writing master. An easy, graceful formation of the letters is an art that will be found easy to master, and by writing slowly and carefully at first, and until the I 18 INTRODUCTION. becomes perfectly familiar with the motion required, the student will acquire a facility that will enable him to write with great rapiduy without interfering with the beauty of the penmanship. Hurry is no excuse for bad writing, because any one of sense knows that everything hurried is liable to be ruined. Dispatch may be acquired, but hurry will ruin everything. You may gain the art of thinking rapidly and transmitting your ideas to paper with fluency and correctness combined, but this will still require some attention, and you gain nothing by hurry. By practising a clear, good hand, you will find that the most rapid flow of ideas will not spoil your sheet, while if you pay but little attention to penmanship, you will find that the least haste will make your writing illegible. Take time therefore at first, and you will gain time at last. If, however, you must write slowly to write well, then be careful not to hurry at all, for the few moments you will gain by rapid writing will never compensate for you the disgrace of sending an ill-written letter. Neatness is also of great importance. A fair white sheet with handsomely written words, will be more welcome to any reader than a blotted, bedaubed page covered with erasures and dirt, even if the matter in each be of equal value and interest. Erasures spoil the beauty of any manuscript. Try to be sure you have the word you want before committing any to paper, but if you must alter, it is better to strike out the condemned word, and write the substitute above it, than to scratch it out and write over it, as the second word in the latter case is rarely legible. Important passages are often entirely misunderstood by the faulty erasure of one word, and no letter is perfect that is defaced by a bad clu- rography. ORTHOGRAPHY. After having learned to form your letters, the next important consideration is to place them upon paper in their proper combina- tions ; after the alphabet comes the spelling book, and in letter writing orthography stands only second to chirography. Many spell badly from sheer ignorance ; to these the spelling book is earnestly recommended, and no other study should be undertaken till the speller is throughly mastered. When those who from faulty education, or forgetfulness, are doubtful about the cot rect spelling of any word, it is best to keep a dictionary at hand, INTRODUCTION. 19 and refer to it upon such occasions. It is far better to spend a few moments in seeking for a doubtful word, than to dispatch an ill- spelled letter, and the search will probably impress the orthography upon the mind for a future occasion. Many, on the other hand, who are perfectly familiar with the rules for correct spelling, and who would deeply resent any doubt of their ■ability, will, through carelessness and inattention, make errors that would disgrace a schoolboy. These, writing hastily, will often leave out the double consonant, run two words into one, omit mute letters, and send epistles whose errors they would blush to own, were the manuscript handed to them in cooler moments for careful perusal. There are also words that are not in common use, that will puzzle even the experienced writer, who perhaps has heard them spoken but never seen them written or printed. The dictionary is the safest guide for such words. Some of them are indeed doubtful to any writer, as authorities differ as to the spelling, as steadfast or stedfast, each of which form of writing is ably supported. In such cases, either way that is given by good authority is correct. But where, as in most cases, there is but one right way to spell a word, then it is unpardonable to miss it. Strange as it may seem, it is much more frequent to find mispelled the short common words in every-day use, than the longer ones that are only desirable on special occasions, and this is probably because an unusual combination of letters forces the writer to pause and consider the word. Letters are often written where every word of three or four syllables is correct, while the shorter ones are written with a reckless disregard of the first principles of the primer, showing an anxious consideration of the former, and a cool uncon- cern about the latter, as absurd as it is blamable. Incorrect spelling will expose the most important or interesting letter to the severest sarcasm and ridicule. However perfect in all other respects, no epistle that is badly spelled will be regarded as the work of an educated gentleman or lady. Carelessness will never be considered, and to be ignorant of orthography is to expose an imperfect education at once. One of the best guides to correct spelling, is to read carefully the works of the best authors, and observe the formation of the words as well as retain the idea. It is safest to avoid all unusual or obso- lete words, and while you are simple in language you will probably 20 INTRODUCTION. be more correct in spelling. It is imperatively necessary that a good letter be correctly spelled. Another imperative and too often neglected branch of orthography is the division of words into syllables, and the consequent use of the hyphen. It is necessary to divide words only when they are written so near the end of one line that a part of the letters must be carried over to the next line. The rules for such division are so imperfectly understood, that words of one syllable are inhumanly torn apart, and a syllable itself will be split into two pieces. Where the word is composed of but one syllable, and comes at the end of a line, if it must be carried over, take the whole of it to the next line. When words of two or more syllables come at the end of a line, separate them in syllables according to rule, and not according to the space on the line. Carrying them round the end of the line, as if they were spilling Over, is a common but slovenly habit, and should be avoided. Compound words must be divided into the simple words composing them. We have seen mankind divided ma-nkind, and cattle-show cattlesho-w. The rules for the correct division of words are too long to be contained in these hints, but they will be found in every spelling book and dictionary, and an observance of them is necessary to every correct letter. GRAMMATICAL ACCURACY. The next essential requisite in the composition of a letter is a knowledge and correct use of the rules of grammar. Next to bad spelling, bad grammar is censurable. It is impossible to persuade your correspondents that you are well educated or a finished writer, if you so confound your grammar that your sentences expose your ignorance at once. No beauty of simile, no interest of subject, no elegance in the selection of words, will ever compensate for an awkwardly con- structed sentence, or a grammatical error in the formation of a phrase. The contrast between the gentleman and the clown, the lady and the rustic, is never more marked than in the correctly expressed ideas of the one, and the blundering phrases of the other. Nowhere is a defective education so glaringly apparent as in an ungrammatical letter, and nowhere is a carefully worded sentence more acceptable to the reader, or creditable to the writer. Misplaced verbs, the use of the adverb for the adjective, or tht INTRODUCTION. 2i adjective for the adverb, the improper use of the relative pronoun, the mingling in dire confusion of the tenses and moods, the careless substitution of any one part of speech for one more correct, are all faults that expose the ignorant man as soon as he puts his clumsy ideas upon paper. It is simply impossible ever to command elegance of style, with- out conforming strictly to the acknowledged rules of grammar. Flights of fancy conveyed in language that is an outrage upon all established principles of grammar, are so very absurd, that the more lofty or beautiful the idea, the more ludicrous the faulty con- struction renders them. And yet strict simplicity demands correct- ness, as well as the more ornate styles. Be careful, therefore, always to put your handsomely written, correctly spelled words into grammatical sentences and phrases. PUNCTUATION. The correct or improper use of the points of punctuation will very often so entirely alter the sense of a paragraph, that the most reasonable suggestions become arrant nonsense, or what appeared absurd become plain, while a straightforward direction will be so twisted by the alteration of a comma or two as to become utterly incomprehensible. In order that the meaning of words may be readily understood, it is necessary to divide them into paragraphs, sentences, and clauses, and this is accomplished only by the correct use of punc- tuation points. As a branch of education, the proper use of these little finger-posts of understanding, is too much neglected ; but as no man wishes to be ignorant of the art of letter writing, so no one wishes his letter to be perfectly unintelligible when it is written. Yet if all his sentences run together for want of a period or two ; all his clauses are connected, lacking a few commas and semicolons, he cannot complain if his correspondent fails to make the correct divisions of the subjects of his letter. If you inform a friend that " You will be surprised to hear that yesterday Mr. Smith married ; his sister Jane was present," and you write it without punctua- tion, you must not be astonished if he inquires in his next how Mr„ Smith came to marry his sister Jane. In the art of punctuation there is, it is true, a wide scope for the exercise of taste or discretion in the writer. The alteration of a 22 INTRODUCT10IT. comma will often emphasize a word or clause in a sentence, or its omission give a new significance to a phrase ; yet, at the same time, there are broad general rules that mark ignorance if disregarded. Clearness, accuracy and strength in composition all require that these common rules meet their due share of the writer's attention, and without them confusion will be the result of the clearest think- ing.' Thus, each subject in a letter must be considered by itself, and divided from the other subjects ; this will divide the composition into paragraphs. Then each subject must be sub-divided into sentences and clauses that will make the writer's ideas perfectly plain, and carry the full weight of meaning. Sometimes one word in a sentence must be set apart from other words to give it the proper emphasis, or a clause is introduced in parenthesis, which if not clearly defined would make arrant nonsense of a whole sentence. All these little niceties are accomplished by the proper use of the points of punctuation. Some letter writers consider it quite sufficient if they dot off each paragraph with a period, leaving all the little details, so clearly defined by the use of comma, semicolon, or colon, to the imagina- tion of the reader. This is a great oversight, and may cause the most annoying blunders. Others, again, use all the points of punc- tuation, and scatter them over the page so indiscriminately that they are worse than none at all ; only serving to confuse the corre- spondent. To be valuable at all they must be used carefully and correctly. Put a comma wherever you would make a trifling pause, were you speaking ; as, " He came, he saw, he conquered." A semicolon makes a longer pause, and an incomplete sentence ; as, " Mankind is mortal ; angels are immortal." The semicolon separates the sentence more distinctly than the comma. The colon marks a sentence which is complete in itself, but is followed by some additional remark ; in short, the colon takes the place of a conjunction ; as, " Shun vice : it will lead to ruin." The colon is also used to precede a quotation, and point it off from the rest of the sentence ; as, Shakespeare says : " Assume a virtue, if vcu have it not." The period is used to denote that a sentence is complete ; as, 1 Idleness is the mother of all vice." The dash is used to denote a sudden pause, or abrupt change of INTRODUCTION. 23 sense ; as, " I have suffered cold, hunger, every privation — but why speak of this 1 " The interrogation point is used only after a question ; as, " Was your pleasure all gone V The interjection point is used only to denote an exclamation ; as, " Alas ! all joy has left me ! " The parenthesis is used to enclose a portion of a sentence which if left out would not destroy the sense ; as, " I value this trinket (a keepsake) very highly." The apostrophe is used to mark the possessive case, and also the omission of a letter or letters in a word ; as, " William's horse is gray,"or " Gen'l Sherman commanded our division." The caret is used to mark an omitted word, which word must be present, written immediately above it ; as, " We were all except mother." A The hyphen is used to connect compound words, and at the end of a line shows that more syllables are carried over to the next line. Quotation marks are used before and after every quotation, to separate and define it ; as, " Many are called, but few are chosen." CAPITAL LETTERS. Next in importance to the punctuation points are the capital letters. These not only set apart the sentences and paragraphs, but while their proper use adds greatly to the beauty of an epistle, their omission or improper use will make the pages present a per- fectly absurd appearance. While some writers scatter the capitals profusely over every page, others again omit them altogether. Their proper use is defined in the following general rules, though sometimes emphasis will demand a violation of any strict principle a Begin every paragraph with a capital letter. Begin every sentence following a period with a capital letter. Begin ail proper names with a capital letter. Begin all titles, as General, Doctor or Captain, with a capital let- ter. Begin all names of places, as Boston, Newport, Niagara, with a eapital letter. 24 nrmovucTioN. Begin the words, North, South, East, West, and their compounds and abbreviations, as North-east, S. W., with a capital letter. Begin the names of the Deity and Heaven, or the pronoun used for the former, as, in His mercy — Thou, Father, with a capital letter. Begin all adjectives formed from the names of places or points of the compass, as English, Northern, with a capital letter. Begin every line of poetry with a capital letter. ' Begin all quotations with a capital letter. Begin all titles of books, and usually each important word of the title, as Hume's History of England, with a capital letter. Begin the name of any historical event, as the French Revolution, with a capital letter. The pronoun I and the interjection must invariably be written with a capital letter. Begin all names of the month, as June, April, with a capital letter. Begin all addresses, as Dear Sir — Dear Madam, with a capital letter. Capital letters must never be placed in the middle of a word ; never, except in accordance with the foregoing rules, in the middle of a sentence. Handsomely written capital letters, in their proper positions, add greatly to the beauty of a letter, but out of their places they are altogether absurd. STYLE. The most infinite variety comes under the head of style in letter writing. Every mind, every subject, every occasion, will suggest a variation in this wide art, but while beauties attach to each and every one of the different styles, the most charming in most cases is the most simple. Letters generally are the expressions of thought from one mind to another, intended for the perusal of one person only, and therefore are in bad taste if any effect in style is attempt- ed ; if quotations are used they should flow easily into the general tone of the letter, and flowery language, similes or redundancy should be very carefully and sparingly used. Of course every letter must carry its own style with its subject. Thus, the style of a lady addressing a servant would be utterly different from that used by the sertant in reply; the style in ad- INTRODUCTION. 25 dressing a stranger must vary from that used toward a familiar friend ; near relatives would omit the formalities of letters of com^ pliment, and so through the whole list. Each subject will carry its own style. Yet the plain general rules may be found of use. The formal style rejects every phrase or word that is merely complimentary or ornamental. It is terse, clear, and easily understood, conveying the writer's ideas in the briefest form. The matter-of-fact style is one degree above this. While there are still no idle or useless words, there is not the extreme of brevity. Words that will make the meaning clear and correct are selected, but none that are intended merely to embellish. The easy style admits of some ornament, but only such as flows easily and readily into the train of ideas. It is the style most suited to letter writing, comprising the common-place and graceful, and adapted to many varieties of familiar subjects. The elegant style aims a little higher, and should only be attempt- ed by the finished scholar. It is rich in the beauties of ornamental language, while it carefully avoids too great use of choice expres- sions. Blair defines an elegant writer as " one who pleases the fancy and the ear, while he informs the understanding ; and who gives us his ideas clothed with all the beauty of expression, but not overcharged with any of its misplaced finery." The florid style is full of ornament, and is as much out of place usually in a letter, as a lecture or sermon would be in a morning call. It is style that beautifies or mars a letter, careful elegance mak- ing the most humble matter pleasing, while a laborious or over- ornate style disfigures the most exalted and beautiful ideas. Lord Chesterfield, the old yet ever new guide in so many matters connected with polite society, says : " It is of the greatest importance to write letters well ; as this is a talent which unavoidably occurs every day of one's life, as well in business as in pleasure ; and inaccuracies in orthography or style are never pardoned. Much depends upon the manner in which they are written, which ought to be easy and natural, not strained and florid. For instance, when you are about to send a billet doux, or love letter to a fair friend, you must only think of what you would say to her if you were both together, and then write it ; that renders the style easy and natural; though some people imagine 26 WTRODUCTIOIT. the wording of a letter to be a great undertaking, and think thej must write abundantly better than they talk, which is not at aU necessary. Style is the dress of thoughts, and let them be ever so just, if your style is homely, coarse, and vulgar, they will appear to as much disadvantage and be as ill received as your person, though ever so well proportioned, would, if dressed in rags, dirt, and tatters. It is not every understanding that can judge of mat- ter ; but every one can and does judge, more or less, o£j3tyle ; and were I either to speak or write to the public, I should prefer mod- erate matter, adorned with all the beauties and elegancies of style, to the strongest matter in the world, ill-worded and ill-delivered." It is of course impossible to follow any imperative rules for style in letter writing. With every variety of subject, every class of people, what is just and proper in one case, becomes downright absurdity in another. Letter writing being but written conversation, the best style for writing is the style that you would use in speak- ing, were you face to face with the person to whom you are address- ing your letter. The great faults to be avoided are too much attempt at the florid style, too long sentences, tautology, repetition and underlining. As a rule, the simpler the language that will fully convey the writer's ideas, the better the style. Quotations should be used very spar- ingly, and a profusion of adjectives carefully avoided. Very long sentences should also be used but seldom, if at all. They are almost invariably confusing, and make the writer's meaning obscure, where a short sentence would make it perfectly clear. The paren- thesis, if used, should be carefully punctuated, or separated by a dash from the main sentence, as, " Sarah — who is, you know, a con- firmed invalid — is as well as usual." Tautology, or the too frequent repetition of the same words, is a very common fault, and one that may be avoided by the study of synonyms, and a command of the vocabulary. The same idea in our language may be conveyed in so many and varied forms that there is no necessity for tautology. Repetition of the same fact or idea is another very common fault. An idea that the writer desires to impress forcibly upon the reader, written once in strong, clear language, will interest him more than the same idea conveyed over and over again until it becomes tedious and is thrown aside in dis- gust. Underlining is generally a waste of time. It is sometimes neces* INTRODUCTION. 27 sary to enforce a sentence by the marked emphasis of a word, or a whole sentence may need the underline to convey the writer's idea ; but this is an exception, the rule being that clear, strong language is more forcible than any underlining. Be careful to avoid plagiarism. Your own ideas, conveyed in your own words, must be given in your letter if you would not ex- pose yourself to the keenest ridicule. ABBREVIATIONS. Abbreviations are seldom in good taste except in official or business tetters, where they are not only allowed, but often absolutely neces- sary. In friendly correspondence good breeding will omit them entirely. Yet when they are used they should be written in accord- ance with rule. Always place a period after any abbreviated word, and an apostrophe where letters are omitted in the middle of the word. Thus : Capt., Lieut., and Gen : l, Pres't. The contraction & is only permitted when connecting the names of a firm, as Messrs. White & Caldwell. All the little abbreviations of words in every-day use, as can't for cannot, won't for will not, are vulgar in a letter, and should be avoided. Such contractions give your page an appearance of haste and carelessness. They do not save time enough in their use to make up for their awkward appearance, and, besides, it is more of a compliment to your correspondents to allow them to suppose you gave them at least as much time and care as were required to put your thoughts into words. As a rule all abbreviations should be avoided. Figures should be very sparingly used in letters. The date must be given in figures, and any date mentioned in th« body of the letter must also be written in figures. Sums of money written in words are usually repeated in figures enclosed in a parenthesis, as, five thousand dollars ($5,000). QUOTATIONS. Quotations should be used as a very rare luxury, as they are apt to give an appearance of pedantry and studied effect. When they 28 INTRODUCTION. are given, they should have a separate line, commence with a capital letter, and be carefully placed within inverted commas or quotation marks, or you may be accused of endeavoring to pass off the ideas of another, for your own. Thus, in writing the quotation, " A thing of beauty is a joy forever," as above, no one can suspect you of plagiarism. Carefully avoid the use of words in a foreign tongue, or phrases in any but your own language. If your corespondent is familiar with the language, you will probably waken a derisive smil* for your attempted display of knowledge, and if you address one igno- rant of your meaning, you may unintentionally wound by touching such ignorance. If, however, in an easy correspondence with one who can reply to an apt quotation, or word in another tongue, you use such quo- tations, be very careful that they are strictly correct, or you may get well laughed at for your attempt at display. SLANG WORDS AND PHRASES. The use of slang words and phrases, which disfigure so much of modern correspondence, is in bad taste, and even when commenced in playful familiarity is apt to run into vulgarity. The great error in using such expressions is obvious to any writer of refined taste, and yet, so great is their use in the present day, that almost uncon- sciously they slip into polite conversation and letter writing. There is a fashion, too, about them, and the word or phrase that to-day comes from the lips of a refined gentleman, will to-morrow be cast out of good society entirely. It is a mistaken idea to suppose that the use of slang will ever supply the place of wit. True wit will find its expression in correct English quite as quickly as in the vulgar expressions called slang, and where there is no true wit in the mind, rest assured that the whole vocabulary of slang will never supply the deficiency. Having discussed the manner of letter writing, we come next to the matter or subject. This will vary with probably each one of the millions of letters written daily, in some particular. Every letter must have some INTRODUCTION. 29 "' foundation. It will, of course, vary with the writer's position and interests and those of the recipient of the letter. Often the lettex* seems a formidable task from the simple fact that there is no especial subject or occasion for writing it, but it is absurd to suppose that letters from relatives and friends must wait for special commu- nications. Remember that letters are written conversations. Write as you would speak, were your corespondent beside you, and try to select such ideas as will interest and please. But where your letter is written for a special purpose, and you have one or more subjects to consider, endeavor so to arrange the branches that you will make each idea perfectly distinct and clearly defined. Do not let one subject run into another, but give to each one a place and paragraph, carefully noting all that you wish to say upon one point, before you begin to write upon another. It will require some practice and tact to divide such letters, with- out stiffness or formality, but it is better to appear a little precise than to jumble up the various points under consideration into a confused mass. It is generally best in all but business letters to begin with some little introduction, as perhaps an apology for delay, an impatience for a letter from your correspondent, or perhaps a little leading to the important matter that may follow your preface. Then let the most important portion of your communication follow, and dwell upon what you wish most to impress, other subjects following in proper order, and the whole letter ending with expressions of regard or sympathy. The consideration of each form of letter in the body of this work will lead to further remark as the different subjects come under consideration. Every letter or note should be carefully dated. It will prevent confusion, stamp events upon the memory, and mark care in the writer. The date of a letter comprises the city or town, state and county in some instances, day of the month, month and year. If you are writing from a hotel, put the name of the hotel, if from a small place, mention the county and state. Write the date in the right-hand corner of the first line of your 30 INTRODUCTION. sheet ; if it is a long one, put the name of the month and the ye&f on the next line, as : Vienna, Fairfax Co., Va., April 1st, 1867. But where the county and state are not mentioned, one line will usually suffice for the entire date, as : New York, March 28th, 1867. In dating a note, the day of the week is often given instead of the name of the city, as : Thursday, March 28th, 1867. POSTSCRIPTS. Always endeavor so to arrange your letter, that you may have no occasion for a postscript. Like all other after-thoughts they are awkward additions to the leading purport of a letter, and are best avoided. If, after you have completed and signed your letter, an event occurs that will interest your correspondent, or you learn some item of importance or interest, you may add a postscript, stating why your communication is not in the body of your letter. Never send a message of compliment in a postscript. It is a glaring breach of etiquette, and often a gross disregard of feeling to send such a postscript. To write a long letter upon various matters, and in the postscript request to be remembered to your correspondent's family is an outrage. What would be a compliment in the letter, becomes a positive insult in the postscript. FORMS OF ADDRESS. The various forms of address must of course alter with the dif- ferent subjects and occasions for letters. " Dear Sir " and " Dear Madam " are usual even where the parties are entire strangers to each other, and every position will call for the title belonging to it, in the address of a letter. " Honored Sir " is used in addressing a superior, " Reverend Sir " for a clergyman, and " Sir " where great formality is requisite. If addressing a maiden lady, the full name looks better than " Dear Miss." !ybe signature is preceded also by some form of compliment, bjtf INTRODUCTION. 31 as the following pages will give specimens of each form of address, it is unnecessary to enlarge upon them here. THE SUPERSCRIPTION. The present fashion of envelopes have made any hints with regard to folding letters superfluous, hut the direction is of primary im- portance. It is customary to write this as near the right hand corner of the envelope as practicable, but if preferred, the first line looks equally well in the centre of the blank. The name must occupy the first line, then, if directed to the care of a firm or individual, this must take the next line, then the city, county, and finally state. Thus : N Mrs. Almira Cregan, Care of Col. S. G. Cregan, Washington, 0. C. For the use of those who are not familiar with the abbreviations of the names of the various states, we add the following table : Maine, Me. ; New Hampshire, N. H. ; Vermont, Vt. ; Massachu- setts, Mass. ; Rhode Island, R. I. ; Connecticut, Conn. ; New York, N. Y. ; New Jersey, N. J. ; Pennsylvania, Penna. or Pa. ; Delaware, Del. ; Maryland, Md. ; Virginia, Va. ; North Carolina, N. C. ; South Carolina, S. C. ; Georgia, Ga. or Geo. ; Alabama, Ala. ; Mississippi, Miss. ; Missouri, Mo. ; Louisiana, La. ; Tennessee, Tenn. ; Ken- tucky, Ky. ; Indiana, Ind. ; Ohio, 0.; Michigan, Mich.; Illinois, Iil,; Wisconsin, Wis.; Arkansas, Ark.; Texas, Tex. ; Iowa, Io.$ ft INTRODUCTION. Florida, JFla. ; Oregon, On. ; California, Cal. ; Minnesota, Minn. \ District of Columbia, D. C. It is rather fashionable at present to write the name of the state in full. This is, however, a matter of taste. ANSWERS. AU letters require some answer, and often the importance of a communication depends entirely upon the reply. Certain forms of courtesy are always to be complied with, and among these the prompt answering of letters is prominent. It is a great breach of politeness to omit to answer a letter, or to leave it so long that the inquiry may well be forgotten, or the compliance with a request useless. Never answer a letter by proxy when you are able to write yourself. It is a mark of respect, of affection, of kindness, to write yourself an answer to any communication that may be addressed to you. If you write to grant a favor, the words Till come with an added graciousness from your own pen. If you must refuse, your own words, delicately expressed, and your reasons given with the marks of regret, will lighten the pain of your non-compliance with the wishes of your correspondent. Nothing will stamp you as a lady or gentleman more decidedly than to give a prompt, courteous, and intelligent n»ply to all letters addressed to you. The first requisite is promptness. If you receive a letter making inquiries that will require time to answer, write and acknowledge the receipt of the letter, and state the reason of delay in sending the desired information. GENERAL HINTS. If you seal with wax, it is best to fasten the envelope down fir-cl? bofore dropping the wax for the impression of the seal. Notes of compliment must always be written in the third person. An impertinent letter is best treated with silent contempt. Never write carelessly. You can never be sure that your lettet will meet only the eyes for which it is intended. Never write in pencil. It is always careless, often rude INTRODUCTION. 33 Never write on a half sheet of paper. Avoid pedantry ; it is the sign of empty-headed conceit. Never write a congratulatory letter upon mourning paper, even if you are using it habitually. If you make an ill-formed letter, let it alone. You will not im- prove it by patching, but the endeavor to do so will be distinctly visible in most cases. In adding your own address to a letter, put it under your signa- ture, thus : Very Eespectfully, Paul G. Cheston, No. 237 L St., New Haven, Conn. "When sending a letter requiring an answer upon your own busi- ness, always enclose a stamp for the reply. Never write an anonymous letter, or, even if you are certain you know the author of one received, never answer it. Nothing but silent contempt should meet such cowardly, underhand epistles. Avoid gossip. Friendly intelligence, if you are certain it is true, may be communicated, but " they say," and " it is whispered," are detestable preludes to usually most arrant gossip. Always enclose a stamp in a letter requesting an autograph, or a reply on your own business. Date every letter clearly and carefully. It is often of the utmost importance to know when a letter was written. Be careful not to repeat the words " but " and " and " too often ; a frequent mistake with inexperienced writers. Tautology is another error of frequent occurrence, and consists of using the same word very often, in close proximity ; as, " I went to buy a bonnet, I saw a great many pretty bonnets, and bought a pink bonnet." This sentence should read : " I went to buy a bon- net, of which I saw a great variety, and purchased a pink one." Sit erect while writing, as, if you write constantly, a stoop will surely injure your figure and your health. Use simple, correct language, and avoid all efforts at fine sentences or forced similes. Pure, sound English is more elegant than quota- tions in a foreign tongue. There are six parts to every letter : The date ; the complimentary 3 34 INTRODUCTION. address; the body 01 the letter; the complimentary closing; the signature ; the address or superscription ; thus : (Date), Boston, May 3d, 1865. {Complimentary address), John Ellmoee, Esq., Deab Sie : (Body of the letter), You will see by the date that I have arrived at my destination safely. To-morrow I shall en- deavor to see the gentlemen who have invited me here, and hope soon to write you that our business was satisfactorily arranged. (Complimentary closing), I am, my dear sir, Yours, very truly, (Signature), W. T. Hopkins. (Address or superscription), John Ellmoke, Esq., No. 316 Madison Square, Philadelphia, Feu. LETTERS OF INTRODUCTION. LETTERS OF INTRODUCTION. The first requisite in letters of introduction is brevity, as they are usually read in the presence of the person presenting them, and, at best, make an awkward pause during their perusal. You may speak in such a letter in the warmest and most cordial terms of your friend, but praises are as much out of place as they would be spoken at a personal introduction. This rule does not apply to such as introduce those who come for a favor or a position, which partake more of the character of letters of recommendation. Letters of introduction must be invariably left unsealed, for it is a great error in etiquette to prevent the bearer from reading what you may have written. If your letter introduces a friend in a business or professional capacity, mention what is his business or profession, and if your own knowledge of him is slight, you may mention by whom he was introduced to you. If an artist, you may always speak of the pleasure his skill may have given you. Letters of introduction to those seeking favors should be spar- ingly given, and never unless you are thoroughly acquainted with the applicant's claims for such favors. In the left hand corner of the envelope containing a letter of introduction, write the name of the party introduced, that the persen addressed may see at a glance the nature of the letter. Thus, a letter introducing Mr. James Price, of Chicago, to Mr. John Lewis, of Philadelphia, should be directed, John Lewis, Esq.. I Pniladelphia, Penna. Introducing James Peice, Esq., of Chicago. The most agreeable and elegant way of presenting a letter of introduction at a private house, is to send it by the servant to the person addressed, with your visiting card. If presented at a counting house, when you send your card into the counting house, send your letter with it. LETTERS OF INTRODUCTION. Introducing one Lady to another., ^few- fod, g/lfiul fth, 4$ — - Weal SBaWva : $4 aiveb me aiea4 hlemwie 4o home 4hii> ohhol- 4unidy cj iwdioducina 4o ucu mu cleat Juend, @Mte. qffendall, oj whom uou have oUen hea/id me j&kealc. $ jeei /Ucte 4ha4 4wo jiiendb jbo dea/o 4o me will jind aA much hleaMtie in 4hm acqtiain4ance, at> 4heu home each aUo'vded me. 100 $20 00 Margaret Hoski^b, LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. 63 LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. Letters in answer to an advertisement should always name the newspaper in which the advertisement was inserted, the date of its insertion, and the substance of the advertisement. Some corres- pondents cut the notice from the paper and paste it neatly at the head of their sheet. This is a safe way to prevent mistake. Let such letters he as brief as is consistent with perfect clearness, and carefully mention your references. Remember that " self- praise goes but little ways," and let those who have employed or know you, speak of your good qualities for you. Nothing will dis- gust an employer sooner than a self-laudatory letter. At the same time, there is no objection to your expressing your desire and intention of honestly endeavoring to fill the required position to the very best of your ability. Such letters must be written as soon as possible after reading the advertisement, as if you delay, others will certainly apply before you. Always answer an advertisement yourself, as it will give the ax t- vertiser an opportunity of judging of your handwriting and manner of expressing yourself, both of which are often of great importance. If you have written testimonials by you, it is best to enclose a copy, marking it as such. Answering an Advertisement for a Bookkeeper- No. 274 st., Philadelphia, March 30th, 18— Messrs. Walker, Truitt & Co. : Gentlemen, — In reply to your advertisement in to-day's Ledger for a clerk competent to take charge of a set of books, and conver- sant with the forms of mercantile correspondence, I beg to offer my ■ervices to your firm. I have been in the employ of Mr. L. G. Simons for the past five g*. LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. years, but about two months ago he informed me of his desire to take his son into his counting-house, and dispense with the services of one clerk. He permits me to refer to him for any testimonial of character or ability which you may require. Should you find my application meet your views, believe me, that it will be my constant endeavor to fulfill faithfully and punc- tually the duties required. I have, gentlemen, the honor to be, Your's very respectfully, Barton Hodges. Answering an Advertisement for a Clerk. No. 36 st., Pittsburg, May 2d, 18—. Dear Sir, — As I see by to-day's Gazette that you desire to obtain a competent clerk, one accustomed to the duties of book- keeping and correspondence, I hasten to apply for the situation. The death of my former employer, Mr. Cumings, has deprived me of a situation, but my having been for six years in his counting- house, will, I trust, be sufficient guarantee for my capacity. Mr. John Gordon, No. 263 st., lawyer of the late Mr. Cumings, and wi) om I assisted in winding up the affairs of the house, permits me to refer to him for a testimonial of character. Should my application prove successful, I will make it my earn- est endeavor to discharge competently and carefully the duties you entrust to me. I am, sir, Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, George Moorb. Moses Delano, Esq. Answering Advertisement for a Salesman. No. 26 W. st., Baltimore, July 16th, 18—. Dear Sir, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Transcript, I would beg to apply for the offered position of salesman in your •tore. I am perfectly familiar with the duties of salesman in a LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. 65 wholesale arv goods store, having been with Messrs. Wood & Choate. Cincinnati, in that capacity for eleven years. I enclose a copy of the testimonial given me by the above-named firm when I left Cincinnati, and am permitted to refer you to them, should you wish for any further information with regard to my habits or business capacity. I am twenty-seven years of age, unmarried, and never touched a card, drop of liquor or tobacco in any form in my life. Hoping, sir, to hear from you in answer to my application, I remain, Very respectfully your's, Aaron Burns. William E. Parker, Esq. Answering an Advertisement for a Printer. [Advertisement pasted in.] No. 496 st., Philadelphia, Aug. 29th, 18—. Charles L. Sthphens. E<5a. ; Dear Sir, — Noticing the aH^e in to-day's Enquirer, I write to apply for the situation, I have been in the employ of Mr. William Childs, of this city, for f^ur years, and served my apprenticeship in his office. I feel q^te confident that he will favorably recommend me. Hoping that T . may hear from you in answer to this application, I am, sir, Very respectfully, Ezeksei Founder. Answering an Advertisement for a Coaciunan. No. 9 Race Court, back of 911 Arch St., Philadelph:a. May Isfe, 18 — . •Top*! T , ilARMON, Esq. : Respected Sir, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Ledger, for a competent coachman, I offer my services for the situation. I have been in the employ of Mrs. Rebecca Smith, No. 237 — st., for two years, and left only because she gave up her carriage. She has given me permission to refer to her for recommendations. Shmild you me willing to try me, sir, I will endeavor to satisfy 66 LETTERS ANSWERING ADYESTTSFM^NrS. you in all respects. As I am a married ni?,n av/jl own the little house in which 1 live, I can hoard away from yoir house if desired but have no objection to remaining altc^ctnor it more convenient tor you. I am, si*, v«ry i-espectfully, Peter Kane, Answering an Advertisen\ perfect health, unmarried, fci' not afraid of work. Very respectfully, Jerry TurnsoIx.- Answering an Afi vt»rtisement for a Cook. No. 77 L. St., Washington, Feb. 3d, 18—. Mrs. B. N. Perkins: Respected Madam, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Chronicle for a good plain and fancy cook, I beg to apply for the situation. I have been with my present mistress, Mrs. Martin, for two years, and am only leaving because she is going to remove to Pittsburg, I shall remain here until Tuesday nest, unless suited to a place before then ; and Mrs. Martin will give you any information you may wish with regard to my capacity. I am, madam, very respectfully, Jane E. Jones. LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. 67 Answer to an Advertisement for a Chambermaid. [Advertisement pasted in.] No. — Arch St., Philadelphia Sept. 2d, 18—. Mrs. L. T. Gallager : Respected Madam, — In answer to the above, I beg to state thai I am obliged to leave my present situation, as Mrs. Herman, mv present mistress, is about to break up housekeeping, and I shouid like to apply for the situation you offer. I have been with Mrs. Herman for thirteen years, and she will answer any question with 'egard to my industry and trustworthiness. Very respectfully, madam, Mary Ann Jenks. Answer to an Advertisement for a Child's Nurse. No. 7 St., Chicago, May 6th, 18—. Respected Madam, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Ga. zette for a child's nurse, I beg to offer my services for the situation. I hare been in my present place, at Mrs. Oliver Coyle's, No. 24 — St., for three years, and am leaving on account of the death of my little charge. Mrs. Coyle permits me to refer to her for recommendation. As I am very fond of children, and have had the care of them for seventeen years, I think, should you engage me, that I can suit you. Tour's very respectfully, Anna S. Smith. Answering an Advertisement for a Governess. [Advertisement pasted in.] No. 362 St., Portland, June 3d, 18—. Mrs. James Packhard : Dear Madam, — In answer to the above I would state that I am anxious to obtain such a situation as you offer. I have been teach- ing for seven years in the Westhaven Seminary, and the closing of that institution in July will oblige me to seek another position. Mr. Roberts, the principal of the seminary, permits me to re*er g$ LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. to him, and I may state here that I have been teaching the highe? branches of English studies, German, Latin and drawing. Hoping that I may hear from you soon, I am, madam, Very respectfully, Emily J. Powell. Answer to an Advertisement for a Music Teacher. Maple Grove Seminary, Worcester, Mass., May 10th, 18—. Judge R. T. Hope : Dear Sir — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Transcript, 1 write to offer my services for the situation of music teacher in your family. I am a graduate of this seminary, and have devoted my time especially to the study of the piano, guitar, and vocal music. Prof. Reeves, the teacher of music in the seminary, permits me to refer to him for any testimonial of ability. I wish to add that for two years I have had charge of a music class of seventeen in the seminary, and have testimonials of the satisfaction of the parents of those under my instruction. I am, sir, Very respectfully, Almira Brown. . Answer to an Advertisement for a Milliner. [Advertisement pasted in.] No. 20 st., Chambersburg, Pa. Miss Kate Simpkins, — In answer to the above, I would respect- fully apply for the situation. I am fully competent to undertake both straw and fancy millinery, having been in business with Mrs. Hodges, No. 3 st., for nine years. Mrs. Hodges will retire from business in about a week, but will give me any testimonials or Answer any questions with regard to my ability. Hoping that my application may meet your wishes, I am, most respectfully, Marion Hopkiks. LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. 6'J Answering an Advertisement for a Seamstress. No. 47 Strawberry Court, June 9th, 18—. Mrs. W. Curtis : Dear Madam, — Noticing your advertisement in to-day's Courier, I would respectfully apply for the situation of seamstress in your family. I have ten years experience in cutting and making chil, dren's clothes, shirts, and underclothes, and can, if desired, bring specimens of my needlework. My former employer, Mrs. Hoskins, No. 11 — st., will answer any questions with regard to my character or ability. Should my application meet with your wishes, please address Mrs. Margaret Popkins, No. 47 Strawberry Court, rear of 27 — st., Augusta, Me. Answering an Advertisement for a Saleswoman. No. 246 St., Belfast, Nov. 2d, 18—. Messrs. Pearce & Hall : Gentlemen, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Gazette, I would respectfully apply for the situation of saleswoman in your store. I stood in the store of Mr. James Holdfast, retail dry goods dealer, about five years ago, but left to take in plain sewing. Find- ing my health injured by constant needlework, I would be glad to resume my former employment. Mr. Holdfast, No. — Main st., permits me to refer to him for any information with regard to my character and capabilities. Should my application meet with your favorable consideration, I will endeavor to discharge my duties faithfully in all respects. I am, gentlemen, Your's very respectfully, Sarah Ann Bell. Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Printer. No. 264 st., Troy, June 5th, 18—. Walter S. Monroe, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Herald, I would respectfully apply for the position for my son Jeremiah, who 70 LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. is anxious to learn printing. He is now fifteen years of age, and has just left school. I should be glad to have you to take him for a few weeks upon trial, and if he pleases you, he can then be bound to you according to your usual forms I am, sir, Very respectfully, Lavinia Minks. Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Bookbinder. No. 8 st., Dover, Me., Sept. 1st, 18—. John L. Trevor. Esq. : Esteemed Sir. — My son Thomas, being very desirous of learn- ing bookbinding, I would be pleased to send him to you, as your advertisement in to-day's Ledger shows me that you have a vacancy in your establishment. My son is nearly thirteen, and has attended school for seven years. Should you be willing to test his capacity, he can come to you at once, for a month, when, if he pleases you, we can arrange to bind him to you to learn his trade. I am, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, Henry Davis. Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Carpenter. No. 14 "Wills Court, Lincoln, N. H., Oct. 4th, 18—. Daniel E. Strothers, Esq. : Respected Sir, — Seeing your advertisement in to-day's Courier, I beg leave to apply for the situation. I am very anxious to learn a good trade, and think I could with patience and an earnest endea- vor to please you, be able to make myself useful. I am an orphan, fourteen years old, and have learned to read and write at night school. I have been working on the farm of Mr. Lewis, about six miles from here, and he allows me to refer to bim for recommendation. LETTERS A NS WERIJVG A D YER TISEMENTS. 7 1 Should you be willing to take me on trial, I will try faithfully to fulfill all your requirements. I am, sir, very respectfully, Arnold Morris. Answer to an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Machinist. [Advertisement pasted in.] Highgate, Vt., May 7th, 18 — . Rufus Patterson, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Seeing the above in to-day's Banner, I hasten to ap- ply for the situation. I was for three months in the foundry of Bates Bros., where I was bound apprentice, but the destruction of their establishment by fire forces me to endeavor to get work else- where, as I cannot wait until the foundry is rebu.lt. Messrs. Bates Bros, permit me to say that they will cancel m^ indentures and give me a recommendation. Hoping that you will be willing to take me on trial, I am, very respectfully, Arthur Foster, No. 68 st., Highgate, Vt. Answering an Advertisement for an Apprentice to a Milliner. No. 86 st., Dexter, Me., Jan. 4th, 18 — . Miss WlLHELMINA ScRAGGS : Seeing in your advertisement in to-day's Herald, that you have a vacancy for an apprentice, I would respectfully apply for the situa- tion for my daughter, Marianne. She has been employed as errand girl by Mrs. Willetts, No. 3 st., who will give her a good recom- mendation. I am desirous of having her taught a good trade, and should be pleased to have you take her on trial for as long a time as you think necessary, before binding her to you, to learn the business. Hoping to hear from you, if the situation is not already filled, I am, Very respectfully, Caroline Tibbetts. 72 LETTERS ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. Answering an Advertisement for an Appentice to a Dressmaker. [Advertisement pasted in.] No. 5 St., Salem. Mass., Dec. 3d, 18—. Mrs. Rachel Evans: Dear Madam, — In answer to the above I would respectfully ar> p 1 }- for the situation. I have been lately left a widow, dependent upon my own exertiona for support, and am anxious to learn dress-making. I have been in the habit of doing all my family sewing, and can do all kinds of plain seamstress work neatly and rapidly. Mrs. Monroe, one of your customers, knows me quite well, should you wish for reference. Hoping that you will be willing to accept my services, I am, very respectfully, 0>bjielia Rows. LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. 73 LETTEES OF KECOMMENDATIOtf. Letters of Recommendation, should be given judiciously anfc •nly when necessary. A lavish and indiscriminate use of them will make them totally valueless, and will seriously injure your own character as a business man. These letters, as they make you to a certain extent responsible for the character and conduct of another person, should only be given when your own convictions of such a person's worthiness are firm, and founded upon a thorough knowledge of the habits and capacity of the party concerned. Be severely truthful in such letters. It is a mistaken kindness to gloss over faults in such a letter, as you injure your own character for veracity, and do a great injustice to the person to whom the letter is presented. Recommending a Bookkeeper- Elmira, N. Y., Aug. 30th, 18—. Mr. Robert Payne being about to leave our employ, it gives me great pleasure to testify to his ability as a book-keeper. He has been in our counting-house for three years, during which time he has always maintained the character of a conscientious, upright and faithful clerk. He is a handsome penman, correct accountant, and of steady moral habits. It will afford us pleasure at any time to reply to any application with regard to Mr. Payne, and he leaves us with our best wishes for his future success. Coventry & Hopedalb. No. 673 — st., Elmira, N. Y. Recommending a Housekeeper. Litchfield, Conn., July 1st, 18 — . Mrs. Sarah Jane Allen : Dear Madam, — In reply to your favor of the 30tli i_ist., inquir- 74 LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. ing the character of my former housekeeper, Mrs. Deborah Dubbins, I take pleasure in testifying to her worth. She resided in my family for twelve years after the death of my wife, and only left i&e when my oldest daughter was able to take her place. She proved herself while in my employ to be trustworthy in every respect, economical, cleanly and industrious, gentle with thp children and servants under her, and a valuable woman in every respect. Hoping that she may find a pleasant home, I am, madam, Very respectfully, B. C. Danvers. Recommending a Washerwoman. Providence, R. I., Sept. 7th, 18 — . This is to certify that Jane Smith, who has been in my employ as laundry maid for two years, is a first-rate washer and ironer, under- stands the finer kinds of clear starching, crimping and goffering. She is honest, good-natured and trustworthy. Ann C. Coles, Housekeeper, — Hotel, Providence. Recommending a Waiter. Clairemont House, Harrisburg, June 26th, 18 — . John Banks, the bearer, who is now leaving my employ, has been in this hotel as waiter for seventeen months, and given entire satis- faction, both to myself and the guests of the house. He is thoroughly acquainted with the duties of a dining room waiter, is honest, oblig- ing and neat. It gives me pleasure to recommend him to any one wishing a first-class waiter, as thoroughly competent. Ulysses T. Holmes, Steward, Clairemont House. Recommending a Porter. Utica, N. Y., Oct. 6th, 18—. The bearer, David Macarthy, has been in my employ as portel LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. 75 *->r three years, and has faithfully discharged all the duties of the position. He is strong and industrious, thoroughly reliable, can read and w#*" a good plain hand. I believe him to be upright and conscientious, and have never found that the slight lameness from which he suffers, interferes in the least with the discharge of his duties. Samuel G. Haynes, No. 71 Utica, N. Y. Recommending a Cook. Springfield, May 4th, 18 — . Mrs. Ellen Baxter : Dear Madam, — In reply to your favor of the 17th, I would state that Bridget Mahoney was in my kitchen for nine months, and gave perfect satisfaction in every respect. She was only required to do plain cooking, so that I could not judge of her capacity for fancy cooking. She is willing, honest and capable. Mary C. Porter. Recommending a Salesman. Buffalo, Nov. 10th, 18 — . Messrs. Colcraft & Fitzhugh, Ithaca, N. Y. : Gentlemen, — Your favor of the 16th duly received. In reply to your inquiries with regard to Mr. Solomon Pearson, it gives us great pleasure to testify to his high character as a gentleman and man of business. He was employed by us in the capacity of sales- man for six years, during which time we found him invariably discharging his duties with skill and ability. His courteous man- ners and perfectly reliable statements made him a universal favorite with our customers, while his accuracy in accounts, rapid penman- ship and ease in correspondence, made him a valuable addition in a counting-house. Wishing him every success in his future career, We are, gentlemen, Very respectfully, Baldwin & Nasb. 76 LETTERS OF TtS^TS^S^^ATlOm Recommending a Governess. Freehold, April 9th, 18 — . Dr. Thomas Barnes : Dear Sir, — Miss Helen Lawrence having applied to me for a testimonial of character and ability, it gives me great pleasure to recommend her as a competent teacher, and a most welcome addi- tion to a home circle. My two little girls were under her entire charge for seven years, when they were sent to a boarding school to finish their studies in some of the higher branches. Miss Lawrence is a thorough English, Latin and French scholar, a fine musician and graceful dancer, and possesses in an extraor- dinary degree the power of imparting information. With warm assurances that you need have no hesitation in plac- ing your children in her care. I am, sir, Your's very truly, Julia C. Mallard. Recommending a Man Servant- Norwich, Dec. 17th, 18 — . Paul Greyson, Esq. : Dear Sir, — The bearer of this, Michael Maguire, has been in my employ for six months, during which time I have found him faithful in the discharge of his duties, honest, reliable and indus- trious. Mr. Willis, his former employer, recommended him very warmly to me. Respectfully, Oliver Turnkey. Recommending a Child's Nurse. Meadowville, Pa., March 3d, 18 — . Mrs 0. C. Folwell: Dear Madam, — The bearer, Susan Denny, has been in my employ as child's nurse for five years, during which time I have found her capable, honest and useful ; she is very gentle with children, mine being much attached to her. Your's truly, Frances Osmond. LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION "77 Recommending a Music Teacher. Seafobd, Del., Jan. loth, 18 — . It gives me much pleasure to testify to the ability of Miss Bella C. Morrison, who has been for the past eight years instructing my daughter in piano and vocal music. Miss Morrison teaches upon an admirable system, and my daughter's progress has given me the most perfect satisfaction. Alfred G. Stillman. Recommending a Schoolmistress- Elm Hill Seminary, Ashford, Conn. Feb. 25th, 18—. R. Clarence Rogers, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Your favor of the 23d received. It gives me pleas- ure to be able to most cordially recommend Miss Pattie Wilson for the position of schoolmistress in your village. As a pupil first, and afterwards as a teacher in this seminary, she has faithfully discharged her duties, and proved herself thoroughly competent to conduct a school alone. You will find her amiable, and thoroughly conversant with the branches of a good English education. Very truly your's, Tobias Turnleaf, Principal Elm Hill Seminary. Recommending a Driver. Williams-ton, N. C, July 10th, 18—. The bearer, David 0' Sullivan, has been in my employ as driver for five years. He is a competent ostler, gentle with horses, a safe, re- liable driver. He has given perfect satisfaction in every respect, being honest, industrious, neat and perfectly trustworthy. Bernard T. Reilly. Recommending a Cabinet Maker. Bridgeavater, June 18th, 18 — . The bearer, Stephen Williams, having just completed his three years' apprenticeship, I take pleasure in certifying to my perfect sat* 78 LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. isfaction with his conduct and ability. He is a good workman, skil- ful and rapid, having practised thoroughly all the higher branches of his trade. I have found him reliable, honest and trustworthy, and he bears with him my warmest good wishes for future success in business. Mark Maberley. Recommending' a Farm Laborer. Mr. Eli H. Pratt ; Dear Sir, — In answer to your inquiries, I would state that the bearer, Perry Campbell, is thoroughly competent to discharge such duties as you require. He has been for ten years on my farm, and has a thorough knowledge of farm work of every description, is accus, tomed to the care of horses, cows and other animals, and I should have no hesitation in placing him in entire charge of a farm. Very truly your's, Marcus Walters. Declining to Recommend a Cook- Media, Dec. 8th, 18—. Mrs. Watkins is surprised that Mary Malone should have had the assurance to refer to her, as she left her service for drunkenness and insolence. Declining to Recommend a Clerk- Chambersburg, Feb. 14th, 18 — . Simon P. Alden Esq. : Sir, — I regret that I cannot conscientiously write the testimonial you request of me. You are fully aware of the misconduct that caused your discharge from my service, and it would be doing a gross injustice for me to speak favorably to another employer. X think an honest confession with a desire to reform, would be your best recommendation. Regretting that it is entirely out of my power to grant your request, I am, in spite of your error, Your sincere well wisher, Cyrus Kiir». LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. 79 Declining to Recommend an Errand Boy Smyrna, Del., April 14th, 18—. Charles G. Hepburn, — I am surprised that you should ask me to recommend you to a new place, when, as you are well aware, 1 was obliged to discharge you from my own employ for dishonesty. It is impossible for me to truthfully advise any one to employ you, but if you are sincerely anxious to do better, ycur own confes- sion and promise of amendment may act favorably. I hope that you will not again oblige me to refuse to recommend you. Joseph Conrad. Giving an Unfavorable Character of a Housemaid. -Edgefield, Sept. 3d, 18 — . Mrs. M. Colfax : Dear Madam, — In answer to your inquiries with regard to Jane Stokes, I would state that she was in my service for two weeks. I think she is honest, obliging and industrious, but so slovenly and careless that I was obliged to discharge her. Mart Robinson. Giving an Unfavorable Character of a Governess. Mit.ford, July 5th, 18—. Mrs. Martha Young : Dear Madam, — I regret that Miss Halstead should have referred you to me, as I cannot give her the recommendation that I should like to offer a lady. Miss Halstead is an accomplished teacher, thoroughly conversant with English branches, music and drawing, but her temper is se ungovernable, that the childish offences that require a steady, firm correction, were made the excuse for displays of passion that were totally uncalled for. "Wishing that it were in my power to speak in more favorable trsrrns of Miss Halstead, I am, madam, Very respectfully, Frederick Stanton. 80 LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION. Giving an Unfavorable Character of a Salesman- Baton Rouge, Feb. 13th, 18 — . Messrs. Wilcox & Wilson : Gentlemen, — Your favor of the 12th is before me. I regret that I cannot conscientiously speak in very high terms of Mr. J. J. Swayne, of whose character you desire my opinion. Mr. Swayne was in my employ as salesman for three months. He is a rapid penman, a correct accountant and a clever correspon- dent, but his manner was so insolent and rude that some of our best customers were deeply offended at their reception and treatment In a counting-house Mr. Swayne might be found a valuable assist- ant, but I cannot conscientiously recommend him as a salesman. Very respectfully, gentlemen, Walter Cuningham. Giving an Unfavorable Character of a Seamstress. Carrolton, May 27th, IS—. Mrs. Margaret Wyatt : Dear Madam, — In reply to your inquiries regarding Hannah Brown, I am sorry to say that I found her wholly incompetent as a seamstress. I believe her to be an honest, careful woman, who would make a first-class housemaid or nurse, but she does not sew well. Her work is uneven, and badly put together. • Regretting to be obliged to speak unfavorably of one whom I believe to be an honest, good woman, I am, very truly your's, Jessie Carletok. LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. 81 LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. Lttters of Congratulation should be written with hearty expres- tions of pleasure and good will. Let your friend see that you are sincerely rejoiced at his good fortune, and willing to sympathize to the fullest extent. These letters will admit of a happy quotation, a jest or perhaps a little good-natured raillery. Be careful that no word of envy or discontent creeps into such a letter, to lead your friend to suppose that you grudge him his happi- ness. Better leave your letter unwritten than so to mar it. Advice, too, is out of place in such a letter. Never hint at a change in prospect, or throw a cloud over the hap- piness that calls for your congratulation. While you are desirous of making your expressions of pleasure and good will hearty and cheerful, be careful that you do not bur- lesque them by exaggeration. Overstraining your words will only make them absurd, and lead your friend to doubt your sincerity. Never introduce a painful subject into a letter of congratulation. If you must send bad news, even by the same mail, send it in a separate letter. Let your congratulations be offered as soon as possible after the occasions that call them forth. If they are delayed they are totally vaueless. Congratulating a Gentleman upon his Marriage. Danville, May 13th, 18 — . Dear Marcus, — I have just received the white- winged messen- gers that inform me of your new happiness. I hasten to offer you my most sincere congratulations, and hearty good wishes. May every year of your married life find you happier than the last. From my inmost heart, dear Mark, I say, God bless you and your bride with His choicest blessings. Ever your warm friend, Charles Carolto*. Maecus "Whitney, Esq. 82 LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION-. Congratulating a Lady upon her Marriage. Carthage, Miss., Aug. 3d, 18 — . Dear Nellie, — Your snowy cards have just reached me, and I write at once to try to express my heart- felt pleasure in your happy prospects. It is a great pleasure to your loving friends to be able to feel so much esteem and affection for the noble man to whom you have confided your life's happiness, and to hope, as I do, that every year will unite your hearts more closely. May Heaven bless you both, dear Nellie, is the earnest prayer of Your loving friend, Sallie Chambers. Mrs. Bupeet Darling. Congratulating a Friend upon Beceiving a Legacy. Darlington, Sept. 5th, 18 — . Septimus Kelly, Esq. : Dear Friend, — I have just seen our mutual friend, Harry Hope, who informs me of your good fortune yesterday. It gives me great pleasure to congratulate you upon so valuable an addition to your worldly possessions, for I know of no one in whose hands they will probably be so usefully and worthily expended. Your old place in my affections can never be affected by poverty or riches, but I take a friend's delight in wishing you a long enjoyment of your good for- tune. Your's, as ever, Orion Harper. Congratulating a Friend upon Restoration to Health. Sparta, Dec. 18th, 18—. Dear Lola, — Your mother's little note, received a few moments ago, informs me that you are so far recovered from your late illnesg as to be down stairs again. It gives me much pleasure to hear such good tidings, and I hope you will accept my hearty congratulations upon your improvement. As soon as this violent storm, during which I dare not venture out, is over, I will call and see you. With kindest regards to your family, I am, dear Lola, as ever. Your loving friend, Mart. Miss Lola "Wither. LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. 8S [Congratulating a Friend upon the Birth of a Son. Potsdam, March 28th, 18—. Dear Harry, — Let me offer to you my most sincere congratu- lations upon the arrival of your son. I remember well my own proud delight when my first-born was placed in my arms, and can heartily sympathize in your pleasure. May he prove to you a blessing in all years to come. Pray present my kindest regards to Mrs. Moore, and believe thai I am, Ever your's truly, Paul Gordon. Harrt Moobe, Esq. Congratulating a Friend upon the Birth of a Daughter. Hastings, Feb. 27th, 18—. Dear Anna, — Your sister has just written me a wee note, inform- ing me that you are the mother of a little girl, to whom I can wish no greater blessing than that she may be a second edition of her mother. Do you remember Toots' declaration of Susan's daughters, that " That admirable women cannot be two often repeated." I echo his sentiments in the present case. As soon as allowed, I will come to present my congratulations in person, but in the meantime, believe that i most heartily pray for Heaven's choicest blessings upon your little one. Lovingly ever, dear Anna, Jennie. Mrs. Abthttk Bailey. Congratulating a Friend on the Safe Return of a Soldier Husband. Greeneville, April 7th, 18 — . Dear Hattie, — I have just heard of the joyful event for which you have waited and prayed so long, and hasten to assure you of my deep pleasure in your happiness. I know so well how your loving heart has been tortured by the long and dangerous separa- tion from which you have had to suffer, that I can fully appreciate /our gratitude at its cessation. Will you give to Mr. Ward my most sincere congratulations upon his safe return, and accept for yourself my most heart-felt sympathy. Ever, dear Hattie, Your loving friend, Maggie. Mrs. T. E. Ward. 84 LBTTERS OF CONGRATULATION. Congratulating a Friend npon Obtaining a Government Appointment Lima, Ind., July 3d, 18 — . Dear Godfrey, — I have just seen Will, who informs me that you have accepted the position of consul to . I know of no appointment that can give me more pleasure, and I feel assured that no one could be selected who could more faithfully and honor- ably fill such a position than yourself. Will you accept my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for a safe voyage and pleasant residence abroad 1 Ever your's truly, Oscar Burns. GODFBEY I/EMAN, Esq. Congratulating a Friend upon the Recovery of a Sick Child. Morrisville, Oct. 22d, 18 — . Dear Calanthe, — I am so glad to hear of dear Willie's recovery that I cannot delay offering to you my most heart-felt congratula- tions. Your faithful nursing was making you look so feeble that my pleasure is as great at your relief from such a trying duty, as over my little friend's return to health. Knowing how deep your love for your only child has ever been, I can fully appreciate your gratitude for his recovery from such acute pain as he has suffered during his tedious illness. Trusting that he may soon be as strong as ever, I am, dear friend, Ever faithfully your's, Edith May. Sirs. "Wilfbed Hastings. Congratulating a Friend upon Safe Arrival from a Long Voyage. Jackson, June 26th, 18 — . Dear Gctstayus, — I will not call upon you for a day or two, as I know you must need rest, and feel that your family have the first claim upon your time, but I cannot delay offering you a hearty wel- come, and my sincere gratulations upon your safe return. If you could know how much I have missed your genial smile and hearty voice, you would appreciate my great pleasure in your return. Hoping to see you soon, I am, Ever your friend, Bertbahd. Gustavus Ives, Esq. LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. 85 Congratulating a Friend upon the Unexpected Eeturn of a Son sun* posed to be Dead. Ottawa, Feb. 17th, 18—. Dear Maria, — In what words can I express my deep, heart-felt sympathy in your great joy 7 It is so sudden and unlooked-for a happiness that I feel that any words of mine will seem cold in the moments of such holy joy as you are feeling. Truly your son who was dead is alive again, and God has been most merciful to you. I who know your mourning, can appreciate your gladness. My most sincere congratulations, my dear friend, are your's, Lovingly, as ever, Eliza. Mrs. M. C. Meigs. Congratulating a Friend upon Escape from Injury in a Railroad Accident. Galena, June 27th, 18 — . Dear Bob, — The newspaper of to-day has relieved the great anxiety I have been feeling on your account, by announcing that "our esteemed fellow townsman, Robert Townley, escaped unin- jured." I am afraid I was selfish enough for the moment to forget all who had suffered, in my great thankfulness at your escape. You may present my most sincere thanks to the reporter of tha Herald for his good news. Accept, my dear boy, my most hearty congratulations upon your Providential escape, believing me, as ever, Your sincere friend, Dick. Kobebt Townley, Esq. Congratulating a Friend upon the Recovery of a Lost Child- Wolcott, Jan 7th, 18 — . Dear Marion, — I have been sitting by my window ever since I heard of your sorrow, listening for my husband's return from his search, and only lamenting that my invalid chair bound me too fast to hasten to you. At last the welcome news has come that dear little Nettie is in your arms again, safe and unhurt, though terribly frightened. I know your love will soon cure that, and feel very 86 LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. thankful that she had not strayed any further this cold night. Pool babe, I can well believe she was terrified. I cannot sleep without sending you my warmest congratulations, dear Marion. Ever lovingly your's, Bella. Mrs. M. C. Mudge. Congratulating a Friend upon the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Wedding Day. Wellborn, March 5th, 18 — . My Dear Mrs. Starr, — If my memory is faithful, it is just twenty-five years to-day, since I had the pleasure of congratulating your good husband upon his wedding, and tendering to you my sincere good wishes. Will you allow me to congratulate you upon having completed the silver circle, and offer my best wishes that you may long live to- gether, and know as much happiness in the future as your faces prove you have enjoyed in the past. I shall give myself the pleasure of personally tendering my good wishes this evening, when I understand you will be at home to re- ceive your friends. With best regards to Mr. Starr, I am, madam, Very respectfully, Lewis Stuabt. Mrs. T. L. Stakb. Congratulating a Friend upon Arriving at Maturity. New Berne, Oct. 26th, 18—. Dear Max, — Will you accept my congratulations and most sin- cere good wishes upon this, your twenty-first birth day 1 " There's a man in the house," as Mary screamed, when she saw the shadow upon the wall last winter, and I feel sure that the boy I have loved and respected so much, will prove an honorable and useful man. May Heaven bless your coming years, dear Max, is the sincere prayer of Your friend and well wisher, Sarah Fultok. Maximilian Hurst, Esq. LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. 87 Congratulatng a Friend upon the Successful Issue of a Lawsuit Pomfret, Dec. 7th, 18 — . My Dear Mr. Hunter, — It is with great pleasure that I take my pen to congratulate you upon the successful issue of the vexa- tious lawsuit which has annoyed you for so long. Although no right-minded person could for an instant doubt the justice of your cause, it is a great relief to your friends to feel that the Court has decided the ease in your favor. Trusting that everything may now be arranged to your entire sat- isfaction, I am, my dear sir, Your's very truly, Obadiah Osborne. Nathan Hunteb, Esq. Congratulating a Friend upon being taken into a Business Partnership. Wilmington, June 23d, 18 — . Dear Alfred, — I rubbed my eyes, looked, stared and gaped at the new sign over your ex-employer's door this morning, and finally rushed across the street for an explanation. " Smith & Johnson," I found, stood for Smith and my friend Alfred Johnson, who was most vexatiously " out upon business," and could not take the warm grasp of the hand I was longing to give him. I must leave town in about an hour to be gone a week, and I can- not postpone my congratulations until my return. Accept them then, my dear boy, in this form until I can offer them personally. Wishing you every success in your business career, I am, as ever, Your's in good fellowship, Walter Hale. Albert Johnson, Esq. Congratulating a Friend upon Passing a Successful School Examination. Hanover, July 3d, 18 — . Dear Lizzie, — I was very much pleased to learn from your friend, Mary Bartow, that your faithful application to your books during the last school term, had resulted in such a brilliant success at your school examination. Knowing how deeply interested your parents have been in your studies, it is very pleasant to see you re- 88 LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. warding their pains and care by such conduct as has earned yoix tha warm praises of your teachers. With hearty congratulations upon your success, I am, dear Lizzie, Your sincere friend, Mabel Kbys. Kiss Lizzie Mobbison. Congratulating a Friend upon obtaining a Physician's Diploma. Philadelphia, Nov. 17th, 18—. Dear, Carl, — 1 am delighted to hear that you have at length reached the goal of your wishes, and grasped the diploma for which you have studied so zealously. Will you accept my heartiest con- gratulations, and most sincere good wishes for your future career \ Ever your friend, Jebome Watkins. Dr. Carl Sheldon. Congratulating an Author upon the Success of a Book. Hagerstown, August 8th, 18 — . Dear Howard, — I have just finished reading the last chapter of your most interesting work, and I am not surprised that it is so pop- ular. I know how carefully you have searched for the valuable in- formation which it contains, and how deeply you have been inter- ested in writing it. It gives me, therefore, the greater pleasure to offer my congratulations upon its marked success. Thanking you for the pleasure I have enjoyed in its perusal, I am, as ever, Your's truly, David Floyd. Howakd Gleesabd, Esq. Congratulating a Friend upon obtaining an Army Commission. Denton, July 31st, 18 — . Dear Lieutenant, — I was much pleased to hear that your gallani services had earned for your broad shoulders the straps which I doubt not you will carry with honor and patriotism. It is always a LETTERS OF CONGRATULATION. 89 grateful duty to congratulate a friend, and I am most happy in offer- ing to you my best wishes. Your's very sincerely, Edward Harding. Lieut. Christopheb Wllkins. Congratulating a Friend upon obtaining a Business Situation. Salisbury, Jan. 15th, 18 — . Dear Jack, — I am heartily glad to learn that, notwithstanding the general business depression, you have succeeded in obtaining a clerkship. I don't know but my congratulations should be offered to the firm upon obtaining so valuable an assistant as I know you will prove, but you must accept your share too. Wishing you every success, I am, my dear boy, Your's very truly, Earnest Leipeb. Johh Sttkphabd, E*q, 90 LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. LETTEES OF CONDOLENCE. Letters of Condolence are the most trying of all letters to write or receive. They tear open the wounds of those who read them, and the deeper the feeling with which they are written, the more painful they are to express. At the same time they are of vast importance in friendship. At no time is an omission or slight more deeply felt or hard to for- give than when affliction is calling for sympathy. It is best to make your letter short, but earnest and sincere. The most deeply-felt words may fall coldly at first upon the mourner's heart, but after the first shock of grief is over, you may comfort by your expressions of sympathy. Do not try to make light of your friend's misfortune. If it is loss of worldly goods, speak cheerfully and hopefully of the future, but admit that there is cause for sorrow. Above all, never hint that the sorrow is partly or wholly caused by any neglect or error on your friend's part. It is insulting ar»d wounding in the greatest degree. Letters of condolence on death may with perfect propriety be written upon mourning paper, even if you are not using it habit- ually. To a Friend on the Death of her Husband. Warren, May 18th, 18—. My Dear Mrs. Morton, — I feel most deeply that any word of mine will prove but poor comfort to one in such heavy affliction as you are, but yet I cannot refrain from offering to yon my most sin- cere and heart-felt sympathy. My own grief at the loss of a beloved and highly valued friend teaches me how great must be your sor- row, but knowing your Christian fortitude under other circumstances, I trust that Heavenly balm and consolation will be poured upon your heart. May God bless and sustain you, my dear friend. LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. 91 If I can in any way be useful to you, or relieve you of any care, I trust that you will call upon my services. With deepest friendship, Your's sincerely, Rudolph Hall. Mrs. Henby Morton. To a Friend on the Death of a Wife. Bristol, July 16th, 18—. Dear Louis, — I cannot express to you how deeply shocked and grieved I was to hear to-day of the sad accident that has deprived you of so beloved and loving a wife. In your first bereavement it will be hard to see any comfort in 8dch a dispensation, but you may later be thankful that the lost one was spared all suffering, and that her pure spirit went home without the painful passage of a long illness. I will not now intrude upon your privacy, but trust that if I can be of any service you will accord me the privilege of an old friend, and command me freely. May God comfort you, dear Louis, and lighten your weight of sor- row Ever your sincere friend, F. V. Coulteb. Louis Maybebby, Esq. To a Friend on the Death of a Son. Amherst, Oct. 29th, 18 — . Dear Laura, — My heart is full of sorrow for you, in your great affliction. Too well do I know the unspeakable agony of such a loss as your's, and realize fully how cold all words of comfort sound to the bereaved heart. Yet if the tenderest and most loving sym- pathy can soothe your sorrow, believe me, dear friend, they are your's from my inmost heart. God grant that you may soon feel the holy joy of knowing that you have an angel in Heaven who calls you mother, and feeling grateful that your sinless little one is removed from the trials and temptations of this world. 92 LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. I will see you very soon, but in the meantime I trust you will not hesitate to call upon me if I can in any way serve you. Trusting that God will sooth your sorrow, as only His mercy can, I am, as ever, Your's most lovingly, Emily Francis. Mrs Geo. Hollis. To a Friend on the Death of a Daughter. Compton. Nov. 23d, 18—. My Dear Friend, — It is with heavy sorrow that I have learned of the fatal termination of dear Mary's illness. I have lost a friend whose affection and sympathy have been most precious to me, and can deeply appreciate what her loss must be to a father whose com- fort and pride she has been for so many years. I cannot write words of comfort, my heart is too heavy. I weep with you, my friend, over your desolate home, and can only pray that God will comfort you. Will you allow the accompanying wreath to be placed beside my dear friend 1 It was agreed between us long ago that the bridal wreath of each was to be the gift of the other, and the pure white blossoms are offered now with tears of sorrow resting upon their With deep sympathy I am, Your's respectfully, Ellen Hawley. D. C. Bates, Esq. To a Friend on the Death of a Mother. Rutland, June 11th, 18 — . Dear Eleanor, — I do not write to attempt to comfort you under your heavy bereavement. You will naturally grieve for the loss of so affectionate a parent as you have lost, and time will alone soothe your sorrow. Yet you must, even in your first sorrow, remember how much of her place you must fill to your dear father and little Harold, and endeavoring to comfort them, God will permit you to find much of your own comfort. If there is any way in which I can assist you, I trust you will LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. 93 call upon me, but unless I can aid you, I will not intrude upon you now. Trusting the Divine Love will soothe your sorrow, I am, dear Eleanor, Ever your friend, Harriet Bateman. Miss Eleanob Shaw. To a Friend on the Death of a Father. Bath, Jan 17th, 18 — . Dear Reynold, — Deeply as I sympathize with you in your heavy loss, I cannot but be grateful that your dear father is relieved from the frightful agony of the past three months, and is in the happy home of the redeemed, enjoying the reward of his pure Christian life. I have lost a dear friend, and you a father, whose bright, unspotted );fe will, I trust, be a holy example for all your future career. I know, dear Reynold, how deep and sincere must be your grief at such a heavy bereavement, and trust that Divine Providence will sustain you, and grant you that solemn and sacred comfort that no earthly p)wer can ever take from you. With deepest sympathy, I am, dear friend, Your's most sincerely, Antoine Arndrey. Betnold Bkown, Esq. To a Friend on the Death of a Brother. Taunton, Dec. 20th 18—. Dear Harry, — With profound regret and deep sympathy I have heard of your irreparable loss. The mutual friend of yourself and dear Charlie, I know how strong was the love between you, exceed- ing even that of most brothers, and I can readily feel how deep must be your sorrow and great your loss. I feel that I am powerless to send words that can assuage your affliction, and can therefore only commend you most earnestly to Him who is the friend of the sorrowful, trusting that His love will dry your tears. If I can in any way serve or relieve you, call upon me unhesitat- ingly. With deep sympathy and affection, I am, Ever your friend, Dennis DuNtr. Henby Vogle, Esq. JH LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. To a Friend on the Death of a Sister. No. 647 St., April 28th, 18—. My Dear Mrs. Kendall, — I trust that you have not attributed my silenca to a want of sympathy for you in your great sorrow. I have been absent from the city for two weeks, and did not hear of your loss until my return. I have too long enjoyed the friendship of your departed sister not to feel that words of mine are totally inadequate to soothe the grief you must naturally experience at the loss of one so gentle an LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. 97 pathize with you. I know that to a man of your keen sense of honor the word failure has a terrible sound, yet you must keep uj a brave heart, and live down this stroke of Fortune's scourge. Your friends, one and all, rejoice that you have been able to prove the causes that led to your misfortune, and claim their respect and confidence even while acknowledging your embarrassments. Knowing your business ability and great perseverance, I see no cause for mourning too deeply over your misfortune, but hope soon to congratulate you upon brighter prospects. In weal or woe, dear friend, Believe that I am ever, Your's very truly, Thomas Clark. T. L. Willis, Esq.- To a Friend on the Loss of Property by Fire. Holmesburg, March 8th, 18 — . Dear Lilt, — I little thought when I heard the alarm bells last night, that you were passing through such a terrible ordeal, and was much shocked this morning to hear of your loss. William tells me that your house was insured, but I know that money will never re- place the household gods that we all love to collect around us, and can appreciate your feeling of desolation to-day. Believe me, you have my most earnest sympathy, and hope that you will be able to recover much of your property. Hoping that the excitement and terror, will not affect your health, I am, dear Lily, Ever your friend, Myra. Mrs. L. Gk Gbubb. To a Friend on the Loss of Property by Robbery. Waterford, Nov. 20th, 18—. My Dear Mr. Ripley, — Your little note telling me of your loss last night has just reached me, and I hasten to offer you my sincere regrets for your heavy loss. I hope, however, that the prompt in- 98 LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. formation you were able to give to the police, will lead to the deteo. tion of the robbers and the recovery of your property. Hoping to hear that you have been able to secure the offenders, I am, as ever, Your's very truly, eab Walter, — I reached here late last night and find all ray LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. 109 worst fears confirmed. Mother is very dangerously ill, and I have never left her room since I came here ; I am writing now in pencil, and seated close to her bedside, hoping with a sick, faint hope that she will revive sufficiently to know me. She has been in a heavy stupor since yesterday at noon, and the physician gives us but a faint ray of hope that she will ever rouse up again. I trust, my darling, that you do not miss me too much ; I gave Hannah what directions I could for your comfort, but I hurried away so that I am afraid you will find many deficiencies in my arrange* ments. Trusting to your love to forgive them all, I am, ever Your loving wife, Pauline. W&x,teb Jones, Esq. Answer to the Foregoing- Boston, Dec. 21st, 18 — . Dear Pauline, — Your sad news has just reached me, and my heart is with you, darling, in your painful and anxious watching. While there is life you know there is hope, and I trust that your dear mother will rally from this, as she has done from so many dan- erous attacks of illness. Do not exhaust your own strength, dearest. Remember that if you are ill you cannot be of any use, and force yourself to take the necessary food and rest. Do not worry about my comfort. Hannah is a perfect treasure, and your thoughtful love made every necessary arrangement. If it is possible I will come to you in a few days, but write when- ever you can, and I will do the same. Give my love to the family, and assure them of my deep sympathy in their painful anxiety. Lovingly ever, my own one, Walter. Mrs. "Waltex Jones. From a Gentleman to a Friend Announcing his Engagement Dover, May 13th, 18—. Dear Roger, — Your playful raillery has hit upon a happy truth. I am indeed about to become the proud husband of your fair cousin 110 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP! Katie, and you need not be told how precious a treasure I hav» drawn in the matrimonial lottery. It was all in vain that I endea- vored to steel my heart with my old resolutions of perpetual celibacy, and tried to argue myself into the belief that marriage wreaths were galling chains, and freedom happiness. The bright eyes of my Katie chased away all my resolves, and as I grew to know her pure warm heart, admire her many fascinations, and love her frank guileless nature, I took hold of the better creed that " man was not made to dwell alone," and told her that my happiness rested in her hands. Her reply you may judge when I tell you that the wedding day is set for the 17th of next month, when we hope to see you among the guests. Hoping that you may soon demand my congraulations for a simi- lar happiness. I am, my dear fellow, Ever your friend, Job. Roger Raymond, Esq. From a Husband Absent on Business to his Wife. St. Louis, May 1st, 18 — . My Dear Callista, — You see by the date of this that I am creeping slowing homeward, and I trust that another week will end my business engagements here, and leave me free to hasten to you again. Nothing could have made this long absence endurable but the fact that I was accomplishing so much in a pecuniary point of view, and thereby increasing the comfort of my dear little wife and the babies. Tou know, my dearest, what a hard strugle it has been for the last two years to provide even the necessaries of life, and I know you will feel more reconciled to my long absence when you are as- sured that it will result in engagements that, while they largely increase my income, will dimimish my labors. I am longing uDutterably to clasp you in my arms, and hear your sweet voice again. Hoping that in my next I shall be able to name a definite time for my return, I am, as ever, Your loving husband. C. G. Hollo way. Mra. C. G. Hollow at. LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. Ill From a Repentant Son to his Father. Memphis, June 2d, 18 — . Dear Sir, — I dare not call you father until you tell me that my deep and sincere repentance has removed the just anger that you expressed in our last interview. You told me then that I would live to see the sinful folly of my course, and deeply repent the sorrow I was causing "both to yourself and my mother. Oh, I have felt the bitter truth of your words in my inmost heart, and I can never again know peace until you will assure me of your forgiveness for the pain that I have caused you. If I may come and throw myself at your feet, send me one line by the bearer, and I will hasten to you. If I have sinned too deeply for forgiveness I will leave Memphis at once, and you will be forever relieved of my presence. Trusting that the love you for so many years manifested for me will now plead in your heart for my forgiveness, I am, Your erring but repentant son, Samuel Leigh. 8. R. Leigh, Esq. Answer to the Foregoing. Memphis, June 2d, 18 — . My Dear Son, — Not as a suppliant at my feet, but as a loving son to my arms, I bid you welcome. All my sorrow is gone in the joy of your return, and I wait impatiently for you. My anger was ever against the sin, and the sinner who truly repents excites only my pitying love. Your mother is weeping tears of joy over your letter ; come at once and let these be the last tears you ever cause to fall from her eyes. Your loving father, S. R. Leigh. Samuel Leigh, Esq. From a Married Man to a Friend about to Marry. Tioga, April 3d, 18—. Dear Percy, — I rubbed my eyes over your letter, and read it three times before I could convince myself that it was true. You, the railler against women, the cynic, the declared unchangeable 112 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. bachelor, about to enter into the list of Benedicts. What can hata effected the change 1 Is Cupid's battery so powerful 1 Seriously, my dear boy, your letter gave ine the greatest pleas- ure. You know I have often told you that I never knew the true enjoyment of life until after I was married, and in a year or two I expect to hear you make the same declaration. The choicest earthly blessings are those that come from the loving hands of a true and tender wife, and no life can be so peacefully happy as that of a man and wife truly united. I have had but a slight acquaintance with Miss English, but I believe her to be in every way calculated to make you happy, Trusting that every felicity may attend you, I am, Ever your friend, T. C. Perry. Pebcy Habpeb, Esq. From a Married Lady to a Sister about to Marry. Kingston, Feb. 19th, 18—. Dear Earnestine, — You will in a few days assume to yourself duties which are at once the holiest, happiest and most important that can fall to a woman. You are about to unite yourself to a man whose future welfare and happiness will, under Providence, rest to a great extent in your hands, and who will be responsible for much of your earthly good. I trust that you are not entering into this holy covenant lightly, nor without duly weighing the importance of the step you are taking. I am so much older than you are, dear sister, and have seen you so seldom since I left home, that I feel the deepest anxiety about your future. My own married life, though clouded by some sorrows, has been ever one of perfect confidence with my dear husband, and upon that one fact, I am convinced, rests much of our mutual happiness. He knows every thought of my heart, and I believe that I know his. I regret extremely that it is not in my power to come to your wedding, but I cannot leave home. Trusting, dear sister, that you will be very happy, 1 am, as ever, Your loving sister, Grace. Miss Ebnesttne Huntley. LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. 113 From a Country Girl to a City Friend- Apple Grove, May 2d, 18 — . Dear Martha, — Your most welcome and loving letter found me, where do you suppose % In the barn hunting for eggs. Down I sat Upon a pile of fragrant hay, put my basket of white treasures beside me, and tore open your epistle. You cannot think how comical it seems to me to compare the scene in which your letter was written to the one in which it was perused. My eyes resting upon the sheet before me, pictured a luxuriously furnished room, with my dear friend in a tasty silk wrapper, satin slippers, embroidered skirt, and hair with chignon and crimps, seated at a dainty desk, with a gold-handled pen tracing loving words upon the creamy paper. Looking beyond the letter, I saw a pair of stout leather boots peeping from the skirt of a calico dress, and hanging over my eyes were the troublesome short curls that will fall there when least wanted. But looking up from the wide open barn doors I saw what made me cease to envy all city refinements. Far away, denning the horizon in a blue outline, stretch a line of high hills, the Ridge, as they are called here, and resting above them, the clear cloudless sky made a vast roofing of superb blue (you can't buy a silk to match it, Mattie). Sweeping down from the hills into the valley are forests of the deepest and lightest green, a sea of leaves, and at their feet lay the fields of young grain, waving to and fro in the gentle wind. To my right an orchard spread a sheet of snowy and rosy blossoms, while to my left a brook ran babbling along, forming a dancing cascade nearly opposite the barn. A whole brood of wee peeping chicks, with their proud mamma, were close at my feet ; in a stall near by stood my own pet horse, Coquette, who nodded and neighed whenever I spoke to him ; a little white rabbit sat near me, looking up into my face for the choice morsel she generally has from my apron pocket. I could hear my father calling to his horses, as he drove his harrow over a field, my brother whistling as he gathered the first greens, my baby sister cooing as the chickens gathered round mother for their breakfast, and I con- cluded that my life was the freest and happiest, though I imagine you would be horrified to be reduced to one silk dress, and no lace shawls " at all, at all." Your plans for the summer seem to me very charming, and I doubt not you will enjoy your proposed trip very much. Look at 3 114 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. Niagara for me too, Mattie, and let me have my share in a long letter. There is very little for me to write in return for so much informa- tion about the girls. I have heard once from Dora, but there was no news in the letter, it merely announcing her safe arrival at home. I miss my school duties and companions very much, yourself most of all. Mother hopes that before you start for another prolonged summer trip, you will remember that we are anxious to introduce you to some of our country pleasures. With much love to Mary, and respects to your parents, I am, dear Mattie, Ever your loving friend, Sophia. Miss Mabtha Osgood. From a Young Lady to a Schoolmate just Married. Warren, Feb. 23d, 18—. Dear Estelle, — I have just heard from your cousin Anah, th'it you are the first of our school-girl circle who has taken upon her- self the cares and duties of a wife. Anah writes so affectionately of her " new cousin," that I feel you have every prospect of happi- ness with one so noble and kind. I saw your brother about a month ago, and he gave me some half-laughing information that prepared me for Anah's news, but 1 had no idea you would change your name so soon. Accept my most sincere good wishes for your future happiness, dear Estelle, and tell your husband that he must be prepared to feel a friend's interest in all your old friends, especially Your's lovingly, Berta. Mrs. T. R. Bittleb. From a Young Lady to a Friend who has Slandered her. Bristol, April 15th, 18 — . Miss Rosa Pomeroy, — I have heard through a mutual friend, upon whose veracity I place the most implicit reliance, of the utterly false and injurious charges which you made against me at Mrs. Scott's table, on Wednesday last. I was so shocked and surprised LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. 115 at such an outrage upon your pretended friendship, that I have called upon others who were present, and who confirmed my friend's statement. I therefore cannot but believe the truth of the story. I feel myself so perfectly innocent of the conduct and motives of which you accused me, that I demand of you to retract your words before those to whom you have traduced me, or else to tell me from whom you obtained such false stories, that I may call upon those who are guilty of originating the slander, and force the truth to come to light. If you have had such strange libels from others, it would have shown a more friendly spirit to come directly to me and inform me of their existence, than to repeat them before a large party, amongst whom I number many friends. Expecting to hear from you at once, I am, grieved and surprised, Your former friend, Sabina Atkins. Answer to the Foregoing. Bristol, April loth, 18 — . Miss Sabina Atkins, — Your note reached me early this morning, and I have been out all day tracing out the originators of the stories I heard to your discredit. I freely own that it would have been kinder for me to go to you at once, on hearing them, but I believed that the person who could act as you were represented to have done, would do any injury to her friends, if they were not warned of her character. Your note first caused me to think I might have been deceived in my estimate of your conduct, and I called at once upon my inform- ant, and showed your note ; she referred me to another, and there, after a most painful interview, I succeeded in forcing out the truth that the stories were pure invention and slander. The originator has promised to call upon you and apologize to-morrow, and I will gladly retract what I have said, and acknowledge my own fault in spreading Ill-natured gossip. If you can forgive me, I will gladly make you any apology to be allowed to sign myself, As ever, your friend, Rosa. Mua Sabina Atkins. 116 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. From a Lad in the Country to a Friend at Home. Bikch Farm, June 17th, 18 — . Dear Phil, — I promised to write you as soon as I arrived here, and must apologize for the delay, but I have hardly had a quiet mo- ment since I came. You know my cousin Bob came here with me, and we found two friends of my uncle's had sent their boys down* for the summer. You may imagine how we enjoy ourselves. Tbjsre are cows, pigs, horses, chickens, ducks, and all sorts of domestic an- imals in and around the barn, and although I get many a joke made upon my ignorance of country life, it is all in good part, and I find Borne chances to return the compliment Before you have opened your sleepy eyes in the morning, we are out with a hearty breakfast inside of us. Uncle has allowed us to assist the men, and auntie depends now upon us to gather the wild blackberries and raspberries that grow in profusion about a quarter of a mile from the house. We find fish in plenty in the little streams around, and have had numbers of famous walks and rides. There are plenty of boys on the neighboring farms, and we make pic-nic parties, walking with auntie's biggest butter kettle stuffed full of cakes, pies, hard eggs, sandwiches, and other good things on each arm in turn, till we find a shady spot, where we can fish or have a good game of ball, tag, or whatever strikes our fancy ; there we camp for the day, coming home at dusk all ready for the good sup- per and comfortable beds we know are waiting for us. I found a young squirrel lately who was lame, and hopping about inder a big tree. I have cured his foot, and am taming him. He already knows me, and is as pretty and affectionate as a pet can be. I shall bring him home with me, so you can see him. Bob is calling to me that the others are all waiting for me to go over to Mr. Hudson's farm to spend the day. John Hudson, a real nice boy, was here last week, and his mother sent for us all to-day. They are all calling me now, so I must close. Do write soon, and remember me to all the boys at home. I wish rou were all here to enjoy as much pleasure as Your affectionate friend, Nelson Duncan. Mast. Philip Maples, From a Lad in the City to his Sister at Home. Washington, March 16th, 18 — . Dear Fanny, — I have written to mother twice since I came here, LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. 117 but as I promised to write to you, also, I will keep my word now. I waited until I should have something to write about, and now, if I were to scribble for a week, I could not tell you all that I hava seen. Father has to be at the Capitol so much that I soon found if I depended upon him to take me about, I should see very little, so 1 have learned the way about by myself, and am having a splendid time. Yesterday I went to the Patent Office. Oh, Fan ! it makes ona fairly dizzy to see the articles that have been invented in this country. I was proud to be an American, when I looked at the proof of the brains and genius of my compatriots. I cannot begin to tell you what I saw. Tell mother there is a patent machine there that winds up like a clock, and will churn the butter and rock the cradle at the same time. How would she like that 1 There is a rotary harrow that even father got excited about. There is a machine for knitting stockings that would make grandma open her eyes ; and, Fan, you would like one of the hatching beds, that would hatch out chickens enough to satisfy even you. I saw all Gen'l Washington's household and camp property ; all the presents from foreign monarchs to our Presidents, and my heart swelled up as if it would choke me over a plain black hat which Mr. Lincoln had on when , but there, I will not put sad things into your letter. I have been all over the Capitol, and heard lovg debates, both 4* the Senate and House of Representatives. Between you and me, Fan, they were rather tedious and bewildering to me, but father looked so astonished when I said I was tired, that I was ashamed ever to repeat the assertion. This evening I am going to the theatre, and as I must be ill ready at tea time, I cannot write any more now. Answer this, dear Fan, when you shall have another long letter from Your loving brother, Barney. Miss Fanny Dickson. From a Lad to a Sea Captain asking to go to Sea. Belfast, Me., June 15th, 18 — . Dear Captain Hull, — I have at last obtained mother's permis- sion to write to you, and ask you to take me with you on your ne*t voyage. You know that I have always wanted to go to sea, bv» 118 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND RELATIONSHIP. mother was so opposed to it, that I abandoned the idea. I tried to do so cheerfully, and have not spoken of it for months, but I think mother knew how great the disappointment was, for as soon as she heard your vessel was at Thomas ton she said, "If Capt. Hull will take you, Billy, you may go to sea." You have not seen me for three years, so perhaps you do not know what a tall, stout fellow I have grown. I can swim and manage a boat, and can fish with any of the Belfast boys, and I love the wa- ter so that I am sure I was born to be a sailor. The sea captains here have been very kind about showing me the different parts of a ship, so I am not an entirely green hand. If you will take me I will try to be useful to you in every way, and you may depend upon me for perfect obedience and a sincere desire to do what is right. Mother will write to you if you desire it, and she will consider it a great favor, in case you accept my services, if you will let her know what she must get ready for me to take. Hoping to hear from you soon, I am very respectfully your's, Billy Newton. Captain G. G. Hull. Answer to the Foregoing. On Board the Sea Gull, off Thomaston, June 17th, 18—. Dear Billy, — Your letter reached me this morning, and although letter writing ain't much in my way, I write at once in answer. If your mother is willing and you are so anxious to go, I shall be very happy to take you with me when I sail for Hong Kong in two weeks from now. I think you have been on the coast and among seamen too long to suppose that a sailor's life is one of ease or comfort. You will have to submit to great exposure and priva- tion, oftentimes to danger, and you will be away from your mother's love and care for many months. "Weigh all well, and if you still wish to come to me, I will receive you very gladly. Be here on the last day of the month. I enclose a note for your mother, with a list of articles for youl outfit. » Ever your friend, G. G. Hull, Mast. Wis. Newton. LETTERS OF LOVE. 119 LETTERS OF LOYE. Love Letters written in sincerity and faith need but little guid- ance except from the heart of the writer. The true lover will find the words he seeks flow easily from his pen, and probably the eyes resting next upon them will not criticize very severely. It is best to entirely avoid flattery in such letters. The fact that you love the person to whom they are addressed is a sufficient proof of your appreciation of any merit or beauty he or she may possess, and the praises of lovers are apt to become too warm to appear per- fectly sincere. A lady's letter should be always dignified. Although there may be an engagement existing at the time of writing, it maybe severed, or others may chance to see the epistles intended for one person's perusal only. Be sure that your betrothed will respect you more for a quiet, affectionate dignity in writing, than if you put too much of the most sacred of all feelings upon paper. Letter from a Gentlemen to a Lady Offering her his Hand. No. 71 S St., "Warwick, April 28th, 18—. My Dear Miss Haven, — It is now nearly a year since I first had the great and highly appreciated pleasure of being received at your house on the footing of a friend. During all that time, I will frankly confess that one attraction, and later, one strong hope have been drawing me ever to your residence, and I need scarcely add that your own dear self was the attraction, the desire of winning your favorable regard my hope. Have I been successful 1 Has the deep, faithful love that I feel for you any response in your heart 1 All my hope of happiness in the future hangs upon your answer, for mine is not the fleeting fancy of an hour, but the true, abiding love that is founded upon respeci and esteem; and has been for months my life dream. 120 LETTERS OF LOVE. Your own maidenly dignity has kept your heart so securely Vitd* den from me that I scarcely venture to hope I have a place there, but I feel that I cannot endure suspense any longer, and so write to win or lose all. If you will be my wife, it will be the pride of my life to try to shield you from all sorrow, and to give you all the happiness that a tender, loving husband can bestow upon his first and only love. Hoping to hear from you soon, I am, with respect and devotion, Your's faithfully, Octavius Riley. Miss Tn.i.iF. Haven. Favorable Reply to the Foregoing. No. 86 St., Warwick, April 28th, 18—. My Dear Mr. Riley, — Your kind and manly letter opens my eyes to the fact that what I believed to be only a warm friendship is a stronger feeling. I see that it would be a pain to me to lose your visits and presence, and that such love as you promise your wife would make me very happy. You see that I answer you frankly, deeming it wrong to trifle with such affection as you offer to me. I have shown your letter to my parents, and they desire me to say that they will be pleased to have you call this evening to see them. With kindest regards, I am Ever your's truly, Tillie Haven. Octavius Riley, Esq. Unfavorable Reply. No. 86 St., Warwick, April 28th, 18—. Octavius Riley, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Your letter has occasioned me the deepest pain, fof I feel that I have, unconsciously, led you to a hope what I can never make a reality. I trust that you will believe that it was in no spirit of coquetry that I encouraged your frequent visits, but because 1 valued your friendship very highly, and believed that I was to you LETTERS OF LOVE. 12} only a friend. Tour kind and manly letter, which I shall ever regard as a sacred confidence, has shown me my error ; but while I cannot return the sentiments which it contains, 1 deeply appreciate the honor which you do me. I trust that your love is not so deep that your real happiness is injured by my rejection, but that you will find some other heart that will beat responsive to your own, and give to a loving wife the ten- der love that might make any woman proud. Hoping that I may still retain your valued friendship, I am, my dear sir, Ever your friend, Tillie Haven. Octavius Riley, Esq. Letter from a Gentleman to the Father of the Lady he loves, Request- ing Permission to Pay his Addresses. No. 16 G St., June 21st, 18—. My Dear Mr. Baldavin, — I think you will not be surprised when I tell you that your kind hospitality to me, and my frequent visits at your house have resulted in the loss of my heart, which your daughter Miriam has entirely in her possession. Believing that a parent so affectionate and tender as yourself has first claim upon a child's obedience, I have not spoken to your the daughter, and shall not do so until you give me your kind permis- sion. My affections are unalterably her's, my worldly prospects are good, as my business is flourishing, and I have an independant income apart from business capital. If you will trust her to me, it will be the constant endeavor of my life to make her happy, and if a deep, devoted love be any guarantee of this, believe that it is not wanting. Hoping that you will favor me with a speedy answer, I am, my dear sir, Very truly your's, Roland Garrett. T. G. Baldttin, Esq. Favorable Reply to the Foregoing. No. 27 R St., June 21st, 18—. Roland Garrett, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Your honorable and manly letter has just reached me, 122 LETTERS OF LOVE. and I reply at once, judging it wrong to keep you in suspense upon such a subject. I know of no man who would be more acceptable to me as a son, and if you can win Miriam's love, I will give you a father's blessing. It will be very hard for me to give up my only daughter, but I will console myself by the addition of another son to my family of boys, and cordially welcome you to the circle. I have not spoken to Miriam of your letter, as I believe lovers like the first word upon such an occasion, but you may assure her that you have my hearty God-speed in your wooing. Mrs. Baldwin unites with me in cordial greeting. Ever your friend, T. G. Baldwin. Roland Gabbett, Esq. Unfavorable Eeply. No. 27 R St., June 21st. 18—. Mr. Baldwin is surprised that Mr. Garrett should presume to write to him asking permission to pay his addresses to Miss Baldwin, as he must be aware that they are both fully acquainted with the dis- honorable manner in which his former engagement with Miss Pea- chune was terminated. Miss Baldwin unites with her father in a decided rejection of Mr. Garrett's proposals. Roland Gabbett, Esq. Conditional Reply. No. 27 R St., June 21st, 18—. Roland Garrett, Esq. : Dear Sir. — Your straightforward and manly tetter lies before me, and I reply to it at once. I have known you, personally, so short a time, that your proposal has startled and disturbed me very much. You are aware that Miriam is my only daughter, and my love for her is very deep. Her happiness is the most anxious study of my life, and you have asked me to confide it to one whose character, disposition and pursuits are almost unknown to me. You cannot be surprised, therefore, that I ask of you time for consideration, and an opportunity to know something of your past life. 1 will give you a six months' probation to test your own heart, LETTERS OF LOVE. 123 ■which I fear has judged too hastily in a matter of such vast import- ance. If, at the end of that time, you still love my daughter, and I find you are calculated to make her happy, you will not find me a stern parent. Let me have a personal interview with you soon. Your's very truly, T. G. Baldwin. Roland Gaebett, Esq. Letter of Farewell to a Lady before Starting on a Journey, Request- ing an Interview. No. 202 L St., May 3d, 18—. My Dear Miss Parks, — I have received this morning a letter from the South that will oblige me to start for Georgia this evening, and probably remain there for several weeks. Before leaving the city, I am very anxious to have an interview with you, and assure you that much of my future happiness will depend upon your granting me this favor. If I call at your house at two o'clock, may I hope to find you at home'? Trusting that you will grant my request, I am, with deep respect, Your's truly, St. Claire Eat. Miss Sadie Parks. Favorable Reply to the Foregoing. No. 16 T St., May 3d, 18—. St. Claire Ray, Esq. : Dear Sir, — I shall be at home at the hour you propose, and pleased to see you. Your's very truly, Sadie Parks. Unfavorable Reply. No. 16 T St., May 3d, 18—. Miss Parks regrets that a prior engagement will prevent her receiving Mr. Ray this afternoon, but assures him of her most cordial good wishes for his having a pleasant journey and safe speedy return. Sx. Claibe Ray, Esq. 124 LETTERS OF LOVE. From a Gentleman to a Lady Requesting an Explanation of TJnfavo*i able Comments upon him. Water St., Feb. 22d, 18—. Miss Octavia Know, — I hare just bad a long interview with a mutual friend of your's and mine, who has surprised me by repeat- ing your unfounded assertions with regard to me. Of course, what is merely your opinion, I have no right to resent, though I regret that it should be so unfavorable, but I have a right to demand your grounds for asserting that I am an arrant flirt, a hypocrite, and concerned in more than one dishonorable transaction. Will you have the kindness to inform me with whom I have flirted, how played the hypocrite, and in what dishonorable transac- tions I have been concerned. Owen Folevell. Reply to the Foregoing. La Roche St., Feb. 22d, 18—. Owen Folevell, Esq., — The high tone of your letter might impose upon one who was not so well acquainted with your history previous to your arrival at this place as I happen to be. My opinion was founded upon a knowledge of your life while you resided in St. Louis. When I inform you that Mrs. Carrie Ryder is one of my most intimate friends and constant correspondent, you will not again request a list of your misdoings. If you consider your course of conduct in deceiving your uncle, endeavoring to ruin your young cousin Charles, and attempting to elope with an heiress of fifteen, honorable, I can only say that I differ in opinion. Octavia Know. From a Gentleman to a Lady Remonstrating with her for Flirting. No. 60 M St., July 19th, 18—. Dear Winnie, — You have promised one day to be my wife, and while accepting the entire devotion of my heart, have led me to suppose that you gave me the undivided love of your's. It has long pained me to doubt the sincerity of your declarations, but I feel it due to myself to remonstrate with you. You are aware that it is only my anxiety to hasten the day of our union that keeps me away from your side so much, as my uncle will not take me into LETTERS OF LOVE. 125 partnership until I have wound up several complicated business arrangements that require much attention. Yet when I am absent from you, I am working for you in the future, and thinking of you ever. I only ask of you a little patience, but I cannot submit to such great disregard of my rights and feelings as you have shown in the past fortnight. Four times you have taken long rides with Mr. Arthur, you receive him evening after evening at your own house, When I am obliged to be absent, you accept his gifts and court his attentions. If you prefer him to me, I will not stand in his light, but if this te only thoughtless flirting, I must ask you to consider that you are wronging both of us. I shall not call again until you reply to this, and inform me whether you will dispense with Mr. Arthur's attentions or mine. Your's faithfully, Raphael Henderson. Miss "WrNNIFRED BOWMAN. From a Lady to a Gentleman Accusing him of Coldness. No. 13 St., May 12th, 18—. Dear Stacy, — It is now eight days since you have been to see me, and I write to ask you what the cloud is that seems to have risen between us. When we were first engaged, you came to my side every evening, and lingering till late, seemed even then unwill- ing to leave me. You were loving and cordial, and your only desire seemed to be to impress me with the idea of your devotion. Now you come but seldom, and your manner is cold and con- strained, you leave me early and no words of affection fall from your lips. I do not wish to force you to your old position. You know that my love for you was never betrayed until you most earnestly sought it, and led me to suppose that your whole heart was mine. But, Stacy, I do ask for your confidence. Is there any trouble in your business or home affairs that makes you cold, or have you ceased to love me 1 Tell me frankly what estranges you. If my love can comfort you in trouble, believe me 126 LETTERS OF LOVE. it will not be wanting, but if it is valueless, tell me so without reserve. I neither seek nor desire a forced affection. Hoping to hear from you at once, I am, Ever your friend, Esther. Stacy Abbott, Esq, From a Gentleman to a Lady, Confessing Change of Sentiment No. 31 St., May 13th, 18—. Miss Esther Davenport, — Your note has opened my eyes to the folly and wrong of the course I have pursued of late. All night I have been pacing my floor trying to decide what course it was my duty to pursue, and I have decided to answer you frankly as you desire. I will not attempt to excuse myself, for I deserve your anger, but I will only say that I was myself deceived in my own feelings. When I asked you to marry me, I believed that we were congenial, and that I could make you happy. I was not rich, but had suffi- cient, as I thought, for comfort, and thinking you would be content with a moderate competency, I invited you to share mine. Closer intimacy has proved to me my error. Your extravagant wishes are utterly beyond my means, and your bitter and sarcastic remarks upon those of your friends who are not wealthy prove that you covet a life of luxury. Again, for you ask for frankness, you have so often pained me by your uneven and sullen temper, that I foresee a life of misery for both after marriage. I know that honor binds me to you, and therefore will not ask for my release if you do not desire it, but will, if we marry, endeavor faithfully to make you happy by every means in my power, yet, as you demand the reasons for my coldness, 1 have given them. Leaving our engagement entirely in your hands, I am, Ever your friend, Stacy Abbott. From a Lady to a Gentleman Desiring Release from an Engagement, No. 67 Pearl St., June 7th, 18 — . Dear Edwin, — For in spite of the painful nature of tkis letter LETTERS OF LOVE. 127 you are as dear to me as ever, I write to ask you to release me from my engagement to you. I know that you will be startled and angry perhaps at my request, but read my reasons, and then, dearest, for- give me if I have caused you pain. You know that for several months my health has been gradually failing, though I have tried to keep a smile for your loving eyes. Yesterday there was a consultation between our family physician and two of our most eminent doctors, and the result was that I was pronounced an incurable invalid, from a deeply settled spine dis- ease. My darling, I love you too dearly now to marry you. I cannot burden your young vigorous life with a wife whose sufferings must increase, lasting perhaps for years, and which can never end till the grave ends all human pain. I have wept and prayed over my decis- ion, and write with a breaking heart, but it is unalterable. May God bless you, my own, and grant that another love may comfort you for the loss of one who will be Your's till death, Stella Creming. Edwin Bubbill, Esq. From a Gentleman to a Lady Requesting a Lock of Hair- No. 15 Ellis St., March 14th, 18—. Dear Nellie, — I come before you this morning in the character of a beggar. Do you know, darling, that although we have been engaged for nearly three months, you have never given me the weest trifle of a keepsake. I have waited patiently for your own generosity to prompt the offering, but since you are such a stingy little pet that you will not do so, I venture to beg a gift. It must be of gold, darling, the golden threads that cluster so lovingly round your fingers when you twist them into the shining curls thai fall so profusely round your throat. Out of your wealth you can surely spare me one little curl, to keep in remembrance of you when 1 am far away, for even the next street seems a hundred miles off after leaving you. Hoping to find my love-token ready for me this evening, I am, Nellie dear, Ever faithfully your's, Aarox. l£its Helen Egbert. 128 LETTERS OF LOVE. From a Gentleman to a Lady Requesting her Photograph. No. 287 St., Dec. 1st, IS—. Dear Josephine, — Do you remember about a month ago prom- ising me that if I would give it the first place in my album, you would give me your photograph 1 I promised and have faithfully kept the page blank, but my picture does not come. Have you repented of your generosity, or have other friends appropriated all that pile of cards you showed me 1 You cannot escape on the ground of poverty, for I know that your last sitting was a complete success, and have a great desire to own one of those exquisite pro- files that you tantalize me by withholding. Do, my dear Josey, send me at once the promised picture, that it may comfort me for absence from your presence. Your's most affectionately, Karl. Miss Josephine Duke. From a Gentleman to a Lady Requesting Permission to call. No. 1822 C St., Jan. 11th 18—. Miss Victoria Davidson, — Having had the pleasure of meeting you once at the house of our mutual friend, Mrs. Bowen, I venture to write to request permission to call upon you at your own resi- dence. I have been but a short time a resident in this city, but your father will, I think, remember Mr. Martin Krider, of Chicago, who is my uncle. Trusting that you will pardon the liberty I am taking, and grant me a position among your gentlemen acquaintances, I am, Very respectfully, H. T. Krider. Favorable Reply to the Foregoing. No. 29 St., Jan 12th, 18—. H. T. Krider, Esq. : Dear Sir, — It will give me much pleasure to see you at our resi- dence, and my father desires me to state that his recollection of your Uncle makes him very desirous of shaking hands with the nephew. Your's truly, V. Davidsok. LETTERS OF LOVE. 129 Unfavorable Eeply. No. 29 St., Jan. 12th, 18—. Miss Victoria Davidson, making it a rule to receive only such gentlemen as are introduced to her by her parents, must decline the honor of Mr. Krider's visits. H. T. Kjiideb Esq. From an Ardent Lover to a Lady. No. 648 St., May 16th, 18—. My Dear Miss Lockman, — I write to you because the burning love which consumes my heart must find some expression. In your presence I am dumb, not daring to pour out to you the ardent devotion which consumes me. I fear that oftentimes you have thought me stupid and dull, while I was only intoxicated with your loveliness, and listening with eager delight to the music of your matchless voice. That I love you with all the ardor and devotion of a first true love, I think you must have seen, but I pine for a smile to bid me hope, a word of encouragement to save me from despair. Will you grant thatlmile 1 Will you speak that word % I anx- iously await your answer. Devotedly your's, Edmund Hazletoh* Miss Augusta Lockman. From a Gentleman to a Lady Seeking to Renew a Ruptured Engage- ment No. 2,000 R St., July 13th, 18—. My Dear Miss Jordan, — Although for nine long months I have not ventured to write to you, or ask you to reconsider the hard decision that drove me from your presence, I feel that every day increases the love that I have ever felt for you. I was too deeply conscious of the justice of your sentence to seek to alter your resolution, but since losing you, I have endeavored faithfully to amend the errors which displeased you. I feel that having so long successfully resisted the temptations to return to my old course of conduct, I may venture to promise you complete reformation, and to entreat you to restore me to my old place in your favor. 130 LETTERS OF LOYE. You loved me once, my Alice ; your own sweet voice carried the musical confession to my inmost heart. Did my folly kill your love, or will it come again to your heart 1 Trust me again, and you will never have cause to repent it. My whole life will^e one desire to deserve your forgiveness and affec- tion, i Hoping to hear from you soon, I am, Unchangeably your's, Percival Shoremak. MiS8 AlJCE JOBDAN. Favorable Keply to the Foregoing. No. 38 B St., July 13th, 18—. Dear Percival, — Your letter has proved to me how vain hava been all my efforts to tear your image from my heart. Gladly do I believe that you are again the honorable, noble man to whom I gave my affections, and, so believing, welcome you back again. I shall be at home this evening, and hope to see you. As of old, dear Percy, I am, Your's faithfully, Alice. Pebcital Shobeman, Esq. Unfavorable Reply. No. 38 B St., Jan 13th, 18—. Miss Jordan regrets to assure Mr. Shoreman that his conduct previous to the rupture of their engagement was such as to totally destroy all her affection and respect for him. Miss Jordan cannot again trust her happiness to one who so flagrantly violated his first promises to her. Pebcival Shobeman, Esq. . " <~j . ^< — »■■"* From a Gentleman to a Lady making' a Declaration of Love. No. 23 Price ST.^lay 26th, 18—. My Dear Miss Mitllins, — Will you permit me to express to you the deep respect and esteem which I feel for you, and let me ven- ture to hope that you will allow me to call my feeling by even a warmer name 1 From the day when I first had the pleasure of Mieeting you 3 your image has been ever present with me, and from LETTERS OF LOVE. 131 friendship I have grown to feel the most ardent love for you. Have you suspected the depth of my attachment 1 Let me hope that you have seen, and do not resent it. You must have read something of my heart during my numerous visits, and this leads me to hope that you will not utterly discard my petition. I love you sincerely and fervently ; may I hope for a return of my affection. Your's in anxious suspense, Everett Garretson. Miss COBDELIA MUULINS. Reply Stating the Lady's Engagement to another. No. 16 Reed St., May 26th, 18—. Everett Garretson, Esq., — It has been, my dear friend, with no desire to coquet with you or in any way deceive you, that I have encouraged your visits, but because I supposed you were fully aware of my engagement to Lieut. Stanhope, now absent on duty in the Navy. My vanity was not so great as to lead me to suppose your visits were endangering your peace of mind ; and enjoying your friendship, I was happy to receive you. Your letter has grieved me, because I know that the love of an honorable man is too precious an offering to be trifled with, but my answer must lie in the words, that my whole heart belongs to my betrothed. Deeply regretting that I have caused you pain, I am ever your friend, C. Mullins. Evebett Gakketson, Esq. From an Absent Lover Complaining of a Scarcity of Letters. Atlanta, Feb. 9th, 18 — . Dear Bessie,— Mail after mail finds me waiting at the post-office to hear the same weary answer to my demand, " No letters ft* Oliver Williamson," or if I receive one, it is not the dainty envelope and clear pretty address for which I am ever watching so earnestly. I have had but two letters from you since I came here in December, although you cannot complain that I do not send you enough to aoswer. V&Y is tttis, Bessie 1 Your statement that you write stupid letters 132 LETTERS OF LOVE. seems to me childish. Your letters are never stupid to me, and 1 long for some token of your affection, some knowledge of your life, some glimpses of the heart you assure me is mine. Write to me then, my darling, often and freely. Your letters will make my long absence endurable, and take away something from the bitterness of separation. Hoping to hear from you by return of mail, I am ever, dear Bessie, Your loving Outer. Miss Bessie Kingman. From a Gentleman to a Lady Apologizing for Absence- No. 22 St., Dec. 25th, 18—. Dear Thomasine, — My disappointment is very great at being absent from your Christmas gathering to-day. I was all ready to start, and indeed had one glove on, when my father was taken so alarmingly ill that we were all afraid of his sudden death. I ran for the doctor, who pronounced him in a fit of apoplexy, and for hours we hung over him, using every means to restore conscious- ness, but not until late this evening, after eleven o'clock, did he seem out of danger. He is now in a natural sleep, and I snatch this moment to write- you, before returning to my place at his bedside. You know how nervous and timid my sister is, and I cannot leave her alone with father without positive cruelty. As soon as I can leave with safety, I will see you. Pray present my regrets to your parents, that I was not able to honor their kind invitation. And believe me, dearest, Your's ever, Dio Nottingham. Hiss Thomasine Levis. From a Gentleman to a Lady upon hearing of her Illness. No. 16 M St., Jan. 5th, 18—. Dear Nita, — I was deeply grieved last evening upon calling at your house, to hear of your sudden illness, and to see by your LETTERS OF LOVE. 138 mother's face that it was of so serious a nature. I have been unable to close my eyes all night, thinking of your suffering, and trying to devise some means for your relief. I wish I was a physi- cian, love, for then you would have the most devoted professional attendance. Are you better to-day 1 I trust you are, and that you will soon be well again. Every hour is a year while we are separated, and I know you are ill. I am sure that you have every care and attention, yet I long to be of some use. Cannot I get something for you, darling 1 Will they let you have fruit, flowers, books, anything 1 Command me and let me feel that I am of some use to you. Longing to see you again, I am, Most lovingly ever, Carrol. Hiss NlTA FoWIiEB. From a Gentleman to a Lady, after Heavy Business Losses, Offering to Belease her from an Engagement No. 215 L St., July 16th, 18—. Mr Dear Josepha, — I do not know whether the news of my misfortune has yet reached you, or whether it must be my task to inform you of my troubles. The failure of a New York house has so involved our firm, that where yesterday I thought myself wealthy, to-day I find I am ruined. It is a bitter blow to me, but its heaviest pang consists in the fact that I must in honor release you from your engagement. I had hoped to give you a home adorned by every luxury wealth, directed by a loving hand, could place within the walls, but I must now find a clerkship and commence again the race for fortune. I will not urge you to share this struggle. You have been delicately reared and accustomed to the refinements of life, and 1 cannot ask you to submit to the privations my wife must endure. I have loved you with entire devotion, but fearing that I cannot make you happy with my changed fortunes, I give you your fre*» dom. Your's very truly, Elliot Deanb. Hiss Josepha Atwood. 134 LETTERS OF LOVE. Reply Accepting the Offer, and Returning Engagement Ring. No. 64 T St., July 16th, 18—. Elliot Deane, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Your generous letter has just reached me, and with a sad heart I accept your release from our engagement. Believe me, that it is not the mere loss of fortune that influences me, but the fact that I feel I could not be the help-mate you would now require. As you say, I have been delicately reared, and my total ignorance of the details of housework, sewing or any useful accomplishment would make me a helpless burden upon your hands, unable to as- sist you in any way. I return to you the diamond ring with which you bound me to you, and subscribe myself, Ever your faithful friend, Josepha Atwood. Reply Declining the Offer. No. 64 T St., July 16th, 18—. Dear, Dear Elliot, — Why did you not come to me at once, sir, instead of writing me such a dignified letter. Do you suppose for one moment that it was your fortune that made you dear to me, or that the loss of that could detract from my love 1 You wrong me by writing such lines. It is true that we must be very prudent and wait somewhat longer than we at first intended, before our wedding day, for while you are clerking (is that it 7) I mean to study housework and the mysteries of needlework. It is true that I have been educated for a useless fine lady, but I flatter myself that the same fingers that can thread the intricacies of Chopin and Herz, can learn to manufacture bread and pies ; I am convinced that a broom is not more difficult to manage than & horse, and if I must learn to economize in dress, I mean to be inde- pendent of milliners and dressmakers. Come to me, Elliot, and let me try to comfort you somewhat for your loss. Do not think I make light of your misfortunes, but trust that, ki prosperity or adversity, I am, as ever, Your's faithfully, Josepha, Eixiot Deane, Esq. LETTERS OF LOVE. 135 From a Lady to a Gentleman accusing him of Inconstancy and de- manding the return of her Letters- No. 432 L St., May 6th, 18—. Roland Sweetzer, Esq. : Sir, — I was both shocked and surprised yesterday at seeing a letter from you to Miss Carey, written within the past week, and making the most ardent protestations of undying love. Since it is utterly impossible that you can desire to fulfill your engagement to me with such sentiments in your heart for another, 1 return to you your gifts and letters, and release you from your bondage. I shall require of you to return my ring, and the letters written in the belief that you were constant. Stephena Atkins. From a Lady to a Gentleman upon hearing of his Illness No. 26 G St., Jan. 21st, 18—. Dear Authur, — I have been very anxious for the past three days at your strange absence, and to-day your mother writes me the cause. I cannot tell you how sorry I am that it has been illness that has kept you from me, but hope from the tenor of your mother's note that you are now on the road to recovery. You send word that you will come to me as soon as you are able to stand. I positively forbid you to be guilty of any such impru- dence. Pneumonia is not to be trifled with, and my desire to see you is entirely subordinate to my desire for your perfect restoration to health. Be prudent, dear Authur, for my sake, and do not venture into this cold January air until you are entirely well. I shall then hope to see you. In the meantime I will write to you, and when you are able wiE be glad to see your handwriting. Lovingly ever, Lottie Burgess. Authttb T. Holmes, Esq. From a Lady to a Gentleman demanding the return of a Photograph taken from her Album. No. 18 K St., July 6th, 18—. T. G. Watmough, Esq. : Sir, — Upon looking over my photograph album this morning, I 136 LETTERS OF LOVE. find that my picture is gone. I am positive it was there when you had the book last evening, and no one has since had it but myself; as I took it to my room after you left. I am surprised that a gentlemen should be guilty of so great a rudeness, to use no harsher word, as to appropriate, without permis- Bion, what he is quite sure would have been refused to him, and demand from you the return of my property. Ella Rogers. Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady asking for an Interview upon net Recovery from a Severe Illness and Declaring his Love. No. 476 R St., Oct 3d, 18—. Miss Violet Lincoln, — Having heard the happy tidings of your recovery from your late severe illness, I write to beg that you will grant me an interview. The agony which I suffered whilst you were in danger, has opened my eyes to the depth of my affection for you, and ray fear that I should never see you again, proved what a weary blank life would be to me, deprived of your presence. Will you let me see you and plead for your love, the greatest boon that I can receive on earth. I love you sincerely and devotedly, and if you can retun my affection, your happiness shall be the study of my life. Anxiously awaiting your reply, I am, my dear friend, Tour's devotedly, Stephen R. Pabkj p. 2T0TBS OP INY1TATJON. 137 NOTES OF INVITATION Notes of Invitation to a large company are invariably written and answered in the third person, and admit of but one form. Among friends, however, an easier style may be adopted. Invitations must be written upon a whole sheet of small note paper, but good taste forbids any decoration except the initial or monogram initials at the head of the sheet, and on the envelope. They should be sent for large gatherings at least a week before the time appointed for the party, that, if necessary, a suitable dress may be obtained. For a costume ball or masquerade, two weeks is the usual time allowed for preparation. Send invitations, when to parties in your own city or neighbor- hood, by your own messenger, as it is a gross violation of etiquette to send them by mail. Wedding etiquette varies so frequently with regard to invitations and cards that it is useless to attempt to state a rule. The usual form at the present day is however given. Invitation to Bide. Mr. Waterbury presents his compliments to Miss Dawson, and would be much pleased if she will accompany him in a drive to Pine Hills, this afternoon at 4 o'clock. No. 37 E. 23d St., June 26th, 18—. Answer Declining the Invitation. Miss Dawson regrets that an important engagement will prevent her accepting Mr. Waterbury's kind invitation for this afternoon. No. 23 L St., June 26th, 18—. 138 NOTES OF INVITATION* '' Answer Accepting the Invitation. Miss Dawson's compliments to Mr. Waterbury ; she accepts with pleasure his kind invitation for this afternoon. No. 23 L St., June 26th, 18—. Invitation to an Evening Party. Mrs. Harmon's kind regards to Misses Lucy and Emily Gillet, and requests the pleasure of their company on Thursday evening (Jan. 22d) at 8 o'clock. 247 T St., Jan. 15th, 18—. Answer Accepting the Invitation. Misses Lucy and Emily Gillet's compliments to Mrs. Harmon ; they accept with pleasure her kind invitation for Thursday evening. No. 46 E St., Jan. 17th, 18—. Answer Declining the Livitation. Misses Lucy and Emily Gillet present their kind regards to Mrs. Harmon. They regret that the illness of their little brother with scarlet fever will prevent their accepting any invitations until all danger from contagion is over. No. 46 E St., Jan 17th, 18—. Invitation to a Dinner Party.: Mr. Austin presents his warm regards to Mr. Hewler, and requests the pleasure of his company to dinner on Tuesday next (19th), at 5 o'clock. Mr. Austin expects th^ pleasure of also receiving Mr. Colburn, of Chicago. The favor of an answer is requested. No. 937 P St., Jan. 15th, 18—. Answer Accepting the Invitation. Mr. Hewler presents his kind regards to Mr. Austin, and accepts with pleasure his polite invitation for Tuesday next. No. 14 Q St., Jan. 16th, 18—. NOTES OF INVITATION. 139 Answer Declining the Invitation. Mr. Hewler regrets that a severely-sprained ankle will prevent his accepting Mr. Austin's polite invitation for to-morrow. Mr. Hewler delayed answering until to-day, hoping to be sufficiently recovered to accept, but his physician forbids him. to move. No. 14 Q, St., Jan. 18th, 18-. Invitation to a Pic-nic. No. 68 V St., June 21st, 18—. My Dear Mrs. Sacrider, — Dr. Westgate and myself are endea- voring to make up a party to pass the day at Silver Spring on Wednesday next (26th). We should be very glad if you and your family would join the company at our house on that morning, at 7 o'clock, where the omnibuses will call for us. As the "refreshments" are to be provided by general contribu- tion, we will tax you for half a dozen of your splendid pies. An early answer will oblige us. Your's very sincerely, T. A. Westgate. Answer Accepting the Invitation. No. 23 M St., June 22d, 18—. My Dear Mrs. Westgate, — Was it upon the principle of the "more the merrier," that you invited my family to your pic-nic on Wednesday 1 I accept with pleasure for Louisa, Harry and myself, and Mr. Sacrider will try to ride out in the afternoon to join us. Permit me to add two loaves of cake to the pies, and our cherries being nearly ripe, I think I can promise a half bushel of them. Your's very truly, C. Sacrider. Answer Declining the Invitation. No. 23 M St., June 22d, 18—. My Dear Mrs. Westgate, — Mr. Sacrider, Mary, Harry and my- self start (D. V.*) for Niagara on Monday morning, so cannot accept your polite invitation for Wednesday. If you will accept a basket * Deo Volente— God Willing. 140 VOTES OF INVITATIOX. of cherries as a slight addition to your refreshments, I will direct John to leave them at your house on Tuesday evening. Hoping that you will spend a very pleasant day, I am your's very truly, C. Sacrideb. Invitation to a Wedding. Casds. for. mtir lira, W. % fflrfmwr. Miss Ada Landon. Invitation. Prs. ifc gfi gnrtnm, -4* JTome, Thursday Eve'ng, Dec. 3d, from 7 till 9 o'clock. 87 S. 18th Stbeet. Familiar Invitation to a Wedding. No. 37 S. 18th St., Dec. 1st, 18—. Dear Mabia, — I have issued but very few invitations for dear NOTES OF INVITATION. 141 Ada's wedding, as we desire it to be almost entirely private ; but the presence of a few dear friends will give ns all pleasure. May we count you among those few 1 The ceremony will be at seven o'clock on Wednesday evening next (Dec. 3d), and at eight we will receive our friends generally. Hoping to see you early, I am, Your's affectionately, A. C. Landon. Mrs. M. R. Buckley. Answer Accepting the Invitation. No. 468 S. 14th St., Dec. 1st, 18—. My Dear Arabella, — I accept with great pleasure your kind invitation to Ada's wedding, and will be punctual. Give her my kindest love and best wishes. I need not assure you, dear friend, that from my heart I pray that she may be very happy in her new life, and that God will bless her and her noble husband. With warmest affection, I am ever your friend, Maria Buckley. Mrs. G. R. Landon. Answer Declining the Invitation. No. 468 S. 14th St., Dec. 1st, 18—. My Dear Arabella, — My recent bereavement must plead my excuse for declining your kind invitation to Ada's wedding. I would not cloud her joy for one second by the sight of my heavy mourn- ing, and I cannot lay it aside for even an hour with my heart so sad. But I trust that you will believe that my most sincere good wishes are with your daughter, and that from my heart I desire God's bless- ing upon herself and her husband. With kindest love to yourself and Ada, I am, as ever, dear friend, Your's lovingly, Maria Buckley. Mrs. G. R. Landon. Invitation to make a Summer Visit Cedar Grove, May 22d, 18 — . Dbar Susie, — Summer will soon be here, and already everything 142 NOTES OF INVITATION. here is in its prettiest robe of green ; crimson and white, blue, pink and purple forming the decorations. Our strawberries are tinging with sanguinary hue, our cherries begin to show signs of coming to perfection ; the horses are all ready for any number of rides and drives, the neighbors open hospitable doors, and but one thing, .dear Sue, is wanting to make our summer delightful. You only can grant this, for it is your presence we desire. Can you come soon and stay all summer 1 "We will do every- thing in our power to make you comfortable, and you know you will meet a warm welcome. Write me by what train we may expect you, and I will drive over to the depot to meet you. I will not write you the news, but save it all for our first long chat, Lovmgly ever, dear Susie, Nettie. Miss Susan T. Wobsley. Answer Accepting the Invitation- Bo ston, May, 27th, 18—. Dear Nettie, — I delayed answering your kind letter until to-day, that I might set a time for my journey. You know that I have looked forward all winter to our summer together, and how gladly I accept your invitation. I shall leave here in the 5 A. m. train on Wednesday the 7th of June CD. V.), and if you will be at the depot at about 3 p. m. you will probably see the face of Your loving friend, Spsie. Miss Antoinette Hitohens. Answer Declining the Invitation. Boston, May 25th, 18 — . Dear Nettie, — Your kind invitation reached me in due season, and I waited until to-day to answer it, hoping that I could arrange to see you, if only for a few days. I find, however, that this will be impossible. Uncle Walter has invited me to go with Cousin Alicia and himself upon a trip that will take six weeks, and I had accepted previous to receiving your kind letter. After I return I must assume house- keeping duties to release mother for a visit to Framinghana, and NOTES OF INVITATION. 143 school will claim me again in September, so you see I cannot visit Cedar Grove this vacation. If you are not afraid of city heat I should be very glad to have you pay me a visit when I return home in July. I think we can find means to pass the time pleasantly, and I shall be very, very glad to see you. Hoping to hear from you soon, I am, as ever, Your loving friend, Susie. Miss Antoinette Hitchens. Invitation to Walk- No. 34 G St., June 5th, 18—. My Dear Miss ' Etta, — I find I shall have leisure this afternoon to accept your challenge for a walk to Carey's Crag. Can I have the pleasure of your society for so long a journey 1 If you are at liberty, I will call for you at three o'clock. Your's very truly, Evan Norton. Miss Etta Cablton. Answer Accepting the Invitation, No. 16 B St., June 5th, 18—. Mt Dear Mb. Norton, — When you call at three o'clock you wul find me booted and capped for our long walk. You remember you are to be tired first. Your's truly, Etta Carlton. Evan Noeton, Esq. Answer Declining the Invitation. No. 16 B St., June 5th, 18 — . Mt Dear Mr. Norton, — I am very sorrow that a promised visit from my friend Miss Morrison will keep me at home this afternoon. Had I known of your leisure time I should have invited her for to* morrow, but hope now that you will abandon your proposed walk, and join us at tea. Your's truly, Etta Carlton. E>^J NORTON, Esq. 144 NOTES OF INVITATION-. Invitation to a Fancy Ball. Mrs. Stuyvesant's compliments to Mr. and Miss Morley, and re- quests the pleasure of their company on Thursday evening, the 31st inst. at 8 o'clock. All guests are requested to attend in costume. Dancing. No. 54 K St., Jan. 17th, 18—. Answer Accepting the Invitation. Mr. and Miss Morley accept with pleasure Mrs. Stuyvesant's po- lite invitation for Thursday, the 31st inst. No. 16 P St., Jan. 18th, 18—. Answer Declining the Invitation. Mr. and Miss Morley regret that the recent death of a near relative will prevent their accepting any invitations for the presenS season. N«. 16 P St, Jan. 18th, 18th, 18-. NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS. 145 NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS. Notes accompanying gifts and their answers are usually written in the third person, and very short. Exceptions are made, however, where the parties are relatives or friends of long standing, when a more familiar note may be written. Never return a gift too soon ; it will appear as if you were anxious to be rid of an obligation. Accompanying a "Wedding Gift of a Bracelet No. 34 A St., Jan. 4th, 18—. Miss Mary Linden sends her kindest love and best wishes to Miss Annie Clarke, and begs that she will accept the accompanying trifle as a token of her affection and sincere desire for her future happi- ness. Answer to the Foregoing. No. 706 Z St., Jan. 5th, 18—. Miss Annie Clarke presents her sincere thanks to Miss Mary Ianden for the exquisite token of her affection, and her kind wishes. Accompanying a Christening Gift of a Silver Cup. No. 48 B St., March 6th, 18—. Will dear little Harry accept the accompanying trifle from his affectionate god-father 1 Henkt Dicidus. Answer to the Foregoing. No. 609 Y St., March 6th, 18—. Harry's mamma appoints herself the committee to thank Mr. Decidus for his beautiful gift to his little god-child. 10 146 NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS, Accompanying a Bouquet of Flowers to a Lady. No. 56 D St., Feb. 7th, 18—. Will Miss Montfort honor Mr. Mills by carrying the accompany- ing flowers to the opera this evening 7 Answer to the Foregoing. No. 302 W St., Feb. 7th, 18—. Miss Montfort's compliments and thanks to Mr. Mills. His taste- ful offering will be a welcome addition to her toilet for this evening. Accompanying a Betrothal Gift of a Ring. No. 64 E St., July 20th, 18—. My Dear Adela, — Will you accept and wear the accompanying ring as a pledge of the undying love of Tour's faithfully, Frit*. Mj ss Adela Lambebt. Answer to the Foregoing. No. 2 F St., July 20th, 1&— . Dear Fritz, — Your valuable gift will be doubly precious to me as a token of your love. It shall remain upon my finger as a sweet memorial of you. Your's truly, Adela. _Tbitz Bites, Esq. Accompanying a Book sent by the Author. Maple Grove, May 7th, 18 — . Will Miss Miller accept the accompanying volume, as a token of the high esteem and regard of the author 1 J. C. Hazelhitrst. Miss E. Mtt.t/fb. Answer to the Foregoing. No. 16 W St., May 8th, 18—. Miss Miller presents her regards to Mr. Hazelhurst, and accepts his flattering gift with the greatest gratification. J. C. Hazelhubst, Esq. NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS. 147 Accompanying the Photograph of an Infant Rockport, June 16th, 18 — . Dear Ida, — Will you accept the accompanying photograph in answer to your question, "Can you describe baby for me V 1 We think it an excellent likeness, and trust to your kindness to forgive the parental vanity of sending it. Hoping " our boy " will find favor in your eyes, We are, Your's truly, Frank and Edna. Miss Ida Hovey. Answer to the Foregoing. Kilburn, June 19th, 18 — . Mt Dear Friends, — Many thanks for your kindness in sending me a photograph of the dear baby. I have framed it, and it hangs between papa and mamma upon my sitting-room wall, where we can all admire it. Kiss " the boy " for me, and believe me, Ever your friend, Ida. Mr. and Mrs. F. V. Moobehead. Accompanying a Piece of Embroidery for a Child. Cambridgeport, Dec. 3d, 18 — . Dear Sarah, — Will you allow Maude to accept and wear the accompanying little dress which it has given me much pleasure to embroider for her. Believe me that into every fold I have stitched a loving thought for your little one. Ever your friend, Mart Allen. Mrs. S. T. Vogdes. Answer to the Foregoing. Chelsea, Dec. 5th, 18 — . Dear Mart, — Thank you most earnestly for your beautiful gift to my little girl. It fits her perfectly, and her big blue eyes hunt out all the pretty flowers with shouts of delight. You must come over soon and judge for yourself how charmingly becoming it is. Your sincere friend, Sarah Vogdes. Un M. G. Allen. 148 NOTES ACCOMPAlfTWQ GIFTS. Accompanying a Gift on the Eightieth Birthday. Dorchester, Feb. 16th, 18 — . My Dear Madam, — It is now many long years since you and I first changed birth-day greetings, but if I mistake not, to-day is the anniversary of your natal day. Will you accept the accompanying crifle as a proof that no time can dim the unchanging friendship of Your's sincerely, Abel Fletcher. Mrs. G. T. Buoklin. Answer to the Foregoing. Chablestown, Feb. 17th, 18 — . My Dear Friend, — Your valuable and welcome gift reminded me that I was passing another milestone in the journey of life. In my lonely old age, looking forward to a re-union with those gone before, it is very sweet to me to feel that I retain such thoughtful friendship as dictated your gift. For both gift and kind remembrance, accept the sincere thanks of Your grateful friend, Georgiana Bucklin. Abel Fletcheb, Esq. Accompanying a Basket of Fruit Raised by Donor. Roxbury, July 30th, 18—. Dear Theodore, — Will you accept the accompanying basket of fruit from the tree in my orchard which you admired so much. I am anxious to prove the truth of my words, that the beauty of the tree was only a small part of its merit. I am, my dear fellow, Ever your's truly, C. Reeves. Theodore Debbobough, Esq. Answer to the Foregoing. Boston, July 31st, 18 — . Dear Constant, — Your delicious fruit was very welcome as I sat scorching in my library yesterday, and I am ready to sign any document in favor of the merit of the noble tree. With many thanks for your kind remembrance, I am, dear Constant, Ever your friend, Theodore. Constant Reeves, Esq. NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS. 149 Accompanying a Donation to a Widow. Milledgeville, Jan. 4th, 18 — . Respected Madam, — Will you confer upon me a great pleasure by appropriating to your own use the accompanying check. As an old friend of your husband, and one who was under obligation to him for many favors, I feel that I may claim this privilege. Trusting that you will forgive the liberty I am taking, I am, ever, my dear madam, Your's respectfully, S. T. Vick. Mrs. H. E. Randolph. Answer to the Foregoing. Milledgeville, Jan. 4th, 18 — . S. T. Vick, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Your generous gift and kind letter have reached me, and from my heart I thank you for both. My sorrow is so recent that I have scarcely made any arrangement for the future, and you were, I know, acquainted with my husband's pecuniary losses. It would be a false pride for me to conceal my embarrassments, and I feel the deepest gratitude for the relief from present pressure afforded by your gift. With an earnest hope that God will reward your kindness, I am, my dear friend, Your's truly, Hannah Randolph. Note Accompanying a Dog, Requested by the Recipient Covington, May 25th, 18 — . Dear Charles, — Do you remember our old compact about Bruno, that if I ever parted with him you would accept him from mel I am obliged to go to Canada, and may remain there for two or three years. If you will care for my pet, and give him a place in your house, I shall feel it a great obligation. Your's very truly, S. C. Hope. OHA PI . Kfl &4LL0BT, E*q v " 150 NOTES ACCOMPANYING GIFTS. Answer to the Foregoing. Covington, May 26th, 18 — . Dear Silas, — Bruno will be a most welcome addition to my household, and you may feel assured that your intelligent pet will receive the kindest care. While I shall gladly greet your gift, I re- gret very much your absence from Covington, and trust your stay in Canada will not be so long as you anticipate. Ever your friend, C. Mallort. S. C. Hope, Esq. Accompanying a Present of Music to a Lady. Vienna, June 2d, 18 — . Will Miss Emmeline accept the accompanying extracts from her favorite operas, with many thanks for the great pleasure the donor has often derived from her exquisite voice and skilful fingers. J. C. Miller. Miss Emmeline Cheesbobo. Answer to the Foregoing. Vienna, June 3d, 18 — . Miss Cheesboro presents her compliments and thanks to Mr. Miller, and accepts with much pleasure his choice and beautiful selections of rangic. LETTERS OF FAVOR. 151 LETTEES OF FAVOR. Letters that request favors are not easy to write. They place you in the position of a suppliant, and many times are dictated by most trying circumstances. Be careful that you do not urge your claims so strongly as to make your request savor of begging, but you may let the reader see that you fully appreciate that the compliance will be a favor. Letters conferring favors should be worded to lessen as much as possible the sense of obligation, implying that to accept is as great a favor as to grant the petition. Letters offering favors should carefully avoid implying that there is any obligation conferred. A genial, pleasant style should be adopted. Letters refusing favors should be kindly worded, and soften as much as posssible in manner, their disagreeable matter. State, whenever i£ is possible, your reasons for refusing, and express your regret at being unable to give a more favorable reply. Letters acknowledging favors must be cordial and frank. Never let your correspondent suspect that you feel any weight of obliga- tion, or hint at future service on your own side. When you can return the kindness, hasten to do so, but never bint that it is a retur n. Offering the use of a House after a Fire. Alton, Feb. 13th, 18—. My Dear Mr. Quigsley,— Having heard of your terrible misfor- tune in the loss of your house last night, I venture to hope that you will accept the use of one of mine, now vacant, upon Ellery-street, until you have time to rebuild your own. Mrs. Paradyer has fur- nished a bedroom and kitchen from our own spare goods, hoping that you will overlook all deficiencies and call freely upon her for whatever you may require further. 152 LETTERS OF FAVOR. Trusting that you will allow me thus far to assume the privilege of a friend, I am, with deep sympathy, Ever your's truly, A. A. Paradyer. J. T. QUIGSIiET. Answer Accepting the Favor- Alton, Feb. 13th, 18—. My Dear Fbiend, — Returning from a long and vain search for a boarding place, for you know the hotel shared the fate of my house, your kind note was handed to me. I most gratefully accept your thoughtful offer, and Mrs. Quigsley is actually crying at the prospect of a house to sleep in to-night. Thanking you and Mrs. Paradyer most earnestly for your great kindness, I am, my dear friend, Your's very truly, J. T. Quigsley. A. A. Pabadykb. Offering a Loan of Money for Business. Harmony, Dec. 30th, 18—. Dear Cyrus, — Knowing that you are desirous of " starting in business for yourself, I write to say that an unexpected legacy places it in my power to offer you a loan of five thousand dollars ($5,000) without interfering in any way with my own business or expenditures. I trust that you will let me have a friend's privilege, and accept the money on any terms that will best suit you. With best wishes for your success in business, I am, ever your friend, Ivan Rose. Cyrus Ridgkway, Esq. Answer Declining the Favor. Harmony, Jan. 1st, 18 — . Dear Ivan, — Deeply as I appreciate the great kindness of your offer, I feel that I must decline it. I have seen so much of the mis- ery of debt that I have made it an iron rule to owe nothing, and I could not start in business risking another person's money. The facl LETTERS OF FAVOR. 153 that it belonged to a very dear friend certainly would not alleviate the pain should I fail to replace it. I hope in a few years to save sufficient from my salary to start in business in a modest way, and think it is better to wait. But from my heart I feel your generosity, and thank you most sincerely for the proof of trust and friendship. Ever your friend, Cybus Ridgeway.. Ivan Rose, Esq. Offering fhe Use of Mourning for a Funeral Lafayette, Aug. 29th, 18 — . Dear Matiloa, — I know so well the trial of thinking of dress when under the first sorrow of a heavy bereavement, that I will offer no apology for writing to request that you will allow us to send the clothing necessary for the sad ride on Thursday. Our own deep mourning gives us an ample supply for your own use and your mother's, and believe me, it will be a favor to us if you will allow us to relieve you of the trying hurry of preparation. With deepest sympathy in your grief, I am ever your friend, Beatrice Keys. Miss Matiloa Bbougham. Answer Accepting the Favor. % Lafayette, Aug. 29th, 18 — . Dear Beatrice, — It will indeed be a great relief to us to leave our mourning dresses for the present, and I thank you sincerely for the thoughtful kindness of your offer, and accept it gladly. With thanks from both mother and myself for your loving sym- pathy, I am, dear Beatrice, Ever your friend, Matilda. Miss Beatrice Keys. Offering to Assist in Nursing in Illness. Bolivar, July 18th, IB—. Dsab FsLiciAr- 1 have just returned from a visit to my sister, 164 LETTERS OF FAVOR. 1 and learn with deep regret of Maria's long illness. I am sure yon must be worn out with your weary duties, and write to offer any assistance in my power. Can I watch for you to-night, or can I in any way aid you 1 Command me in any capacity in which I can be of use — nurse, cook, errand girl, anything. Tour's ever lovingly, Stephena Hadlet. Mrs. Gbaham. Answer Declining the Favor. Bolivar, July 13th, 18—. Dear Stephena, — Many thanks for your kind offer. I am thank- ful to say that Maria is so far recovered that she does not need care at night, and I can easily attend to her wants through the day. She joins me, however, in earnest appreciation of your loving offers, and hopes soon to be able to sit up and enjoy a visit from you. Your's ever affectionately, Felicia Graham. Miss Stephena Rudge. Requesting the Loan of a Book Moulton, Jan. 3d, 18 — . Dear Lilian, — If you have entirely finished reading "Joseph the Second and his Court," will you lend it to me for a few days 1 I am tied fast to my chair with a lame foot, and find time passes very heavily. When may I hope to see you 1 Your's lovingly, Clara. Miss Lilian Bbigham. Answer Granting the Favor. Moulton, Jan. 3d, 18 — . Dear Clara, — I send the book with pleasure, and hope that you may enjoy it as much as I did. I am very sorry to learn that you are suffering, and will call and see you this afternoon. Your's affectionately, Lilian. Miss Clara Wiles. LETTERS OF FAVOR. 155 Requesting a Loan of Money. Frankfort, July 14th, 18 — . My Dear Mr. Hunt, — Can you accommodate me by a loan oi fifty dollars ($50) until next Wednesday I I expect the payment of some large bills next week, and will then return it, with many thanks for the favor. Your's very truly, G. F. Horner. L. C. Hunt, Esq. Answer Refusing the Request. Frankfort, July 14th, 18 — . My Dear Mr. Horner, — I regret that I have not the sum you desire by me, or would willingly enclose it to you. Your's very truly, L. C. Hunt. Requesting a Letter of Introduction. Springfield, May 26th, 18 — . My Dear Mr. Beresford, — I start for Chicago to-morrow morn- ing, and would consider it a great favor if you will give me a letter of introduction to Mr. English ; I hope that he will give his influ- ence to our scheme, and think an interview may do more than a letter. With kind regards to your family, I am, as ever, Your's truly, Sam'l Birch. B,. Bebesfobd, Esq. ' Answer Granting the Request Springfield, May 26th, 18 — . My Dear Sir, — I enclose with pleasure the letter to Mr. English, and wish you every success in your interview with him. Hoping you will have a pleasant trip, I am, your's very truly, B. Beresford. 6. Biboh , E*q. 156 LETTERS OF FAVOR, Requesting the Loan of a Horse. Covington, June 7th, 18 — . Dear Harry, — My "bounding steed," departed this life yester- day afternoon, being so much injured by the fire last week that I was obliged to shoot him. I have an unexpected call to town thi» afternoon, and take a friend's liberty in asking you to lend me Sans Souci for the ride. I will take every care of him, and return him before dark. Your's truly, Benj. Packard. Ejenby Oliveb, Esq. Answer Refusing the Request Covington, June 7th, 18 — . Dear Ben, — Father took Sans Souci to the farm this morning two hours before your note reached me, and will not return till this evening. Regretting that I cannot oblige you, I am, my dear boy, Your's ever, Harry. Benjamin Paokabd, Esq. Requesting an Autograph. [Stamp Enclosed.] Macon, Dec. 5th, 18 — . Rev. T. C. Dalton : Respected Sir, — I should feel deeply gratified if you will allow me to add your autograph to a collection I am making of the names of distinguished men of our time. The widely-spread reputation of your noble works of benevolence and piety must be my apology for what I feel is a great favor to request. Your's respectfully, Abel Ritter. Answer Granting the Request. Macon, Dec. 6th, 1&— . Abel Ritter, Esq. : Dear Sir, — Feeling the high compliment which you pay me by your request for my autograph, it gives me much pleasure to sign mywlf Truly your friend, T. C. Dalton. LETTERS OF ADVICE. 157 LETTEES OF ADVICE. Letters of Advice should never be written except by request* Even when they are most earnestly solicited they are very apt to prove disagreeable, and in many instances will give offence, even when written with the best motives. Perfect frankness is an important requisite, as sincerity and sin- gleness of purpose will often carry their own conviction. Never offer advice after a folly or crime has been committed. It is worse than useless. You may give sympathy or reproof if it will benefit, but to point out the preventives after it is too late to use them is only wasting time, unless they are to prevent a repeti- tion of the error. In giving an opinion, be careful that you do not endeavor to make it a law, and do not be easily offended if your advice is disregarded. Your friend may have many counsellors beside yourself, or circum- stances unknown to you may guide his course. Above all, let no selfishness ever creep into a letter of advice. Put your friend's welfare and interest alone in the balance, or if it is a great scheme, the good of others, and let your advice be purely disinterested. Use such letters judiciously and sparingly. Advising a Young Man to Study a Profession. Columbia, May 23d, 18 — . Dear Archie, — Your letter announcing your sudden change of fortune, and asking my advice in regard to finishing your law studies, has just reached me. You say that your unexpected legacy will place you above the necessity of earning a support, and seem to con- sider it time wasted to still study for admission to the bar. My dear boy, my advice to you would be to continue your studiei 158 LETTERS 03 ADVICE. by all means. You are well aware of the uncertainty of riches in this country. The millionaire of to-day may be the bankrupt of to-morrow, but the man who has a profession or a trade is indepen- dent of these reverses of fortune. He has ever the means of re- gaining the fleeting wealth, and can hold position in right of the honorable pursuit of his calling. Even supposing your wealth to be so safely invested as to be throughly secure, believe me, that a life of idleness will not prove one of happiness. You will be a far nobler member of society as an honest, hard-working lawyer, than a mere butterfly of fashion, spending your wealth in self-indulgence that may lead you to dissi- pation. You have asked my counsel and I give it freely. Let me most earnestly and sincerely assure you that it is best for you in every way to continue the study of your profession. With hearty congratulations upon your improved prospects, I am, dear Archie, Your affectionate uncle, E. 0. McIntosh. Akchibaij) McIntosh, Esq. Advising a Lad not to Leave a half-learned Trade. Cambridge, Dec. 28th, 18 — . Dear Andrew, — Your letter of the 24th reached me yesterday, but, not wishing to answer it hastily, I have delayed writing until to-day. You write that Mr. Mills offers to take you into his store, at higher wages than you are now receiving, and to arrange with your present employers to cancel your indentures, but that you like your trade and feel an interest in becoming master of it. My advice, which you say you sincerely desire to have, would be by all means to continue in your present employment. You will acquire a good trade that will always afford you the means of gain- ing a livelihood, and you will at the same time attain steadiness and perseverance. I think it is the worst of all things in business, for a young man to fly from one pursuit to another, half-learning a great variety of professions and trades, and mastering none throughly. He thus acquires restless, discontented ideas, habits of irregularity, arjd generally ends by being good for nothing at all. You will at Mr. Mills occupy a very pleasant position, but you LETTERS OF ADVICE. 158 will learn nothing, and in a few months may be out of a situation, and forced to begin anew, with perhaps a loss of much that you have already learned. I think it better for you, in every way, to steadily pursue your chosen profession until you have mastered it. Hoping to hear from you again very soon, I am, as ever, Your affectionate cousin, E. It. RlPLET. AsfDitEW Ripley, Esq. Advisinga Young Man to Drop an Acquaintance. Mansfield, Jan. 28th, 18 — . My Dear Uleic, — Your's of the 24th has given me much uneasi- ness. I see by its tone that you are becoming very intimate with Victor Hamlin, and it grieves me to note it. My dear boy, I am an old man, and in a long life of observation. I have never seen a young person made happier or better by association with men whose character would not bear investigation. Victor Hamlin is such a man. He came to your city from, nobody knows where ; he refuses to give any account of his previous life ; with no profession or trade, he spends money with lavish profusion ; he rides fast horses, wears flashy jewelry and showy clothing ; and his language betrays low origin and an imperfect education. You are young and must look to your profession for a support, while you have to hold the position in society to which you are entitled by birth. But in order to do this, in order to win for your- self a good name, you must be careful that you do not associate with those who will throw discredit upon you. There is a sound warning in the old proverb, " A man is known by the eompany he keeps," and I would not have you judged for being the companion of Victor Hamlin. I have written strongly, for I believe this to be a matter of vital importance to you, and I beg you will give my letter consideration, believing it to be kindly meant. Ever your sincere friend, Ernst Bomgartner. Ulbio GossrrwiTCH. 160 LETTERS OF ADVTCB. Advising a Young lady to Discourage the Visits of a Suitor. Dorset, Feb. 26th, 18-—. Pear Bianca, — You have asked my advice upon a subject so delicate that I am not very willing to give it, but your letter is go frank that I cannot find it in my heart to refuse your request. You say that Mi . Milburn leads you to suppose by his manner and conversation that he is feeling more than a friendly interest in you, but that he gives you no opportunity to express your own feelings, which are not as warm as his own. You value his friendship and do not wish to offend him, but can never return his love. My dear girl, I honor the delicacy of your scruples, but I think you may act with your usual frankness in this matter without giving offence, or if you do so, it is kinder and better to offend now, than to lead your friend on to deeper feeling and then inflict what may be a life-long wound. I would therefore advise you to be often engaged when Mr. Mil- bum calls, to decline going out with him, never to see him alone, and to let your manner be reserved when in his presence. Few loves of so recent a date will survive such blighting conduct, and he will probably cease his visits. You may be accused of vanity and imputing to him warmer sentiments than he feels, but even this charge is easier to bear than that of coquetry. Trusting that my advice will not wound you, I am, Ever your friend, Helena Webster. Miss BlAK«A Ellebton'. Advising a Young Man against a hurried Marriage. Salem, June 19th, 18 — . Dear Lucien, — I have scarcely recovered breath after reading your astounding epistle. You ask me if I don't think you had better propose to Miss Blanche Norton, settle down, and become a respectable member of society. Why, Lucien, it is only two weeks since I myself introduced you to Miss Norton. You know nothing of her save that she is a pretty, chatty, well-dressed girl. I do not say that she is no more than this, but I do say that it needs more than two weeks to ascertaia LETTERS OF AD VICE. 161 whether the woman you propose to marry is calculated to make you happy. Think what you are doing. You are not proposing to select a partner for a dance or a ride, but to take a companion for life, one who must be to you the sharer of all your joy and sorrow, your prosperity and reverses, must bear all your faults, and show you all her own, in short, a wife, in whose hands will rest much of your future happiness or misery. My dear friend, do not take so important a step hastily. It is too much a matter of life interest to be rushed into in this way. Nobody will rejoice more than I will to see you happily married, and settled in a pleasant home, but I should tremble for your future if you acted so hurriedly as you propose. Take time to think of the importance of the step, and write me that you are prepared to give a little more study to the character of your lady love. Ever, dear Lucien, Your sincere friend, J. Clarksoit. Lucien Tarbell, Esq. Advising a Young Lady to Refuse Gifts from Gentlemen. Clarksville, July 17th, 18 — . My Dear Calanthe, — Your letter of the 14th has just reached me. By all means, my dear girl, return Mr. Potter's gift of jewelry. I think there is nothing that so soon earns for a young lady the contempt of her friends, as a readiness to accept valuable presents from gentlemen friends. It is a privilege I hope you will grant to none until you are married, when your husband's gifts come to you sanctified by mutual affection. You say you fear to give offence, but if you make it an invariable rule to refuse all gifts, no one can take affront. I am writing in haste to catch the return mail. Your's most affectionately, Qt. R. RODNBY. Miss Calanthe Wilkes. 162 LETTERS OF EXCUSE. LETTEES OF EXCUSE. Letters of Excuse are not very pleasant, as they are called forth by some neglect or impropriety of the writer, but if frankly and gracefully expressed, will rarely fail to carry their object. To be of any value, they must be written promptly. Tardiness will imply that they are sent unwillingly, or betray a second neglect as bad as the first. If you are apologizing for a loss or injury that has been caused by neglect or carelessness on your part, offer to atone or repair it. If for a broken engagement or unintentional slight, state the reasons for your conduct, and express your regret sincerely. Do not make a letter of excuse too stiff, or it will appear a forced reparation, while a heartily-expressed note will make your sincere desire to atone apparent. Still, exaggeration in language is just as bad, as that will appear often insulting. A happy medium of grace- ful sincerity is best Apologizing for a Broken Engagement Montgomery, March 13th, 18 — . My Dear Miss Pordyee, — I feel that you will be hurt at my failure to keep my engagement last evening, but you will forgive me I am sure when I explain the cause. I had donned my white kids and was fairly started, when I slipped on the ice and sprained my arm so badly that I was obliged to return to the house, and have suffered the greatest pain all night. Trusting to your kind heart to forgive me, I am, Ever your friend, E. S. Bawgs. Apologizing for Injury to a Borrowed Book. No. 13 L St., May 10th, 18—. Dear Alice, — I meant to go out this morning to obtain a copy LETTERS OF EXCUSE. 163 of " Villette," to replace the one you lent me, and for which you sent this morning. I will send it to-morrow, and hope you will excuse the delay. Our sitting-room book-case fell yesterday after- noon, and your book was so crushed and broken by falling open, under several heavy volumes, that I am ashamed to return it. Your's truly, Ketta. Miss Alice Trttefitt. Apologizing for the Misconduct of a Child at School. No. 65 P St., June 23d, 18—. My Dear Miss Conscious, — I felt very much mortified this morning when Frankie came home crying, and saying that he had been so naughty in school that teacher had sent him home ; but this afternoon he is so sick that I have sent for the doctor, who says that he is threatened with inflammation on the brain. I think now that his pettishness in school was probably caused by illness, and trust your kindness will overlook the trouble he occasioned you. Very truly your's, Frances Stafford. Apologizing for Delay in Filling a Commission for a Friend. New York, Oct. 4th, 18—. Dear Lena, — Did you think I had forgotten to attend to your commission, received last week % I assure you that I did not neglect your request but was unable to match the dress trimmings. After a faithful search, I write to ask if a black and white cord will suit, as the shade of silk is so peculiar that I cannot get a good match, and think a contrast will be prettier than a poor one. I delay the express package until I hear from you, and regret that there is any delay in sending it on. Ever your's affectionately, DOLLT. Hiss Leva Rivebtok. Apologizing for the Rudeness of a Servant. No. 4 T St., Jan. 29th, 18—. My Dear Mrs. Curtis, — I was very much annoyed to-day, upon returning home from a walk, to hear from my daughter of the rudeness with which you were treatedjby our servant. I knew 164 LETTERS OF EXCUSE. that she was sullen often, but did not think she would carry ha* insolence so far as to be uncivil to my friends. I have discharged her, and hope you will never again meet the reception at my house which greeted you to-day. Trusting that you will not let the affair prevent your frequent visits, I am, with sincere regret, Your's truly, R. Rutledge. Mrs. L. Cubtis. Excusing a Long Delay in Answering a Letter. Belfast, Maine, April 3d, 18 — . Dear Almira, — I felt heartily ashamed this morning when I opened your last letter, and found how long ago it was written. The winter has passed away in the interval, and to-day, the anniver- sary of our parting, recalls to me most vividly the pleasant evening we spent together, and the many changes this winter has brought to me. Perhaps when I tell you of some of them, you will forgive my long silence, and not punish me, as I humbly acknowledge I deserve, by keeping me waiting six months for a letter. In the first place, we left Thomaston in October, and came here to live, Frank finding his business prospects were better here. All through November we were getting ready for housekeeping, and you would open your eyes wider than ever, could you see the piles of sewing I accomplished. We had our house all ready in Decem- ber, and on Christmas day had a family party from Thomaston, keeping mother and Lettie here until after New Year's. February brought me a tiny claimant upon my time, my first child, whom we have named for dear Aunt Phoebe. I want you to see her, Mira, and tell me if her great blue eyes are not as bright as the spring violets. We think she is a treasure as beautiful and precious as we can ever possess. The days are not long enough for the wee darling's many demands of time, but she is now so cunning and bright, that I hope before long she will take some care of her- self. I had a long call from our friend, Mrs. Wells, on Thursday last, and she inquired particularly for you, desiring me to send her kind regards when I wrote. Her daughter is in New Berne, teaching LETTERS OF EXCUSE. 165 tke colored children, so if your migrations take you a little farther south, you can call upon her. We have such a quiet, uneventful life, that there is very little of interest to send you. Frank's business is flourishing, baby and 1 are well, and I think all the family news is included in those two sentences. Do write to me soon, and tell me of your Southern travels. I did not know you had left home title a few weeks ago, when Alfred wrote to Frank. Love to Mattie and Helena, when you write home. Frank sends his kind regards, to which add the warm affection of Your sincere friend, Emily Jones. Miss Axmxba Bbown. Apology for Delay in Acknowledging the Eeceipt of a Present from a Friend. Philadelphia, May 17th, 18 — Dear Friend George, — You must really think me guilty of great negligence in delaying so long to express my gratitude for your present, which was as welcome to me as it was kind of you. I was absent from home when your messenger brought the parcel, and I was left in total ignorance of its arrival until this morning. This, I am sure, will acquit me of any apparent neglect or want of appreciation of a kind and generous act, and, believe me, my thanks are none the less hearty for being tardy. Should an opportunity of reciprocating ever lay in my power, 1 shall consider it most unfriendly if you hesitate to avail yourself of it. Again assuring you of my gratitude, Believe me Your sincere friend, Tom Woodruffs. Geobge Beown, Esq., No. 2 N. Sixth-st. CONCLUDING REMARKS. The foregoing models for correspondence will, it is believed, be amply suf- ficient to meet all ordinary requirements ; but, in conclusion, a word of ad- vice regarding the proper and practical use of a Letter- Writer, will not be out of place. It is scarcely to be expected that in any collection of written letters we should always find one embracing exactly the various subjects we wish to write about ; but a careful search through this volume, a task rendered easy by the very full and complete Table of Contents, will hardly fail to find in some one or other of the models, a sentence expressing well and clearly each subject desired ; and, by a judicious combination of the extracts thus ob- tained, we can produce a connected and well-written letter. The Table of Synonyms at the end of the book, comprises an unusually copious selection of words, especially adapted to the requirements of Letter "Writing. Synonym is a term applied to different words, whose meaning is so nearly the Same, that the one may be. substituted for the other, without altering the sense of the sentence, in order to avoid the inelegant repetition of the same word ; thus, in relating that ** Janie bought some toys, but Hattie showed her better sense and bought a Letter- Writer," it would be more elegant to use some other word synonymous with bought, and say that " Janie bought some toys, but Hattie, &c, purchased a Letter- Writer." Referring to the Table of Syno- nyms for a substitute for bougM, we find Buy — purchase, &c. 166 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Abandon, to— desert, forsake, relin- quish, renounce. Abandoned — corrupt, depraved, for- saken, profligate, reprobate, wick- ed. Abase, to -degrade, depress, disgrace, humble. Abate, to — decrease, diminish, lower, reduce, subside. Abbreviate, to — abridge, curtail, con- dense, compress, epitomize, reduce, shorten. Abet, to— connive, encourage, help. Abhok, to — abominate, detest, hate, loathe. Ability — capacity, power, skill, strength, talent. Abjuke, to — abnegate, recant, re- nounce, revoke. Able — capable, clever, efficient, pow- erful, skilful, strong. Abode — dwelling, habitation, resi- dence. Abolish, to— abrogate, annul, destroy. Abominate, to — abhor, detest, hate. Abridge, to — contract, diminish, shor- ten. Absent — abstracted, inattentive. Absolute — arbitrary, positive, des- potic, peremptory, unlimited. Absolve, to — acquit, clear, forgive, pardon, remit, set free. Absorb, to— engross, engulph, con- sume, imbibe, swallow up. Abstain, to — forbear, refrain. Abstruse — hidden, obscure. Absurd — foolish, irrational, ridicu- lous, preposterous. Abundant — ample, copious, plentiful, exuberant, plenteous. Abusive — insolent, insulting, offen- sive, opprobrious, reproachful, scur- rilous. Accede, to— acquiesce, agree, consent, assent, comply, yield. Accept, to— admit, receive, take. Acceptable — agreeable, grateful, welcome. Accession— addition, coining to, in* crease, augmentation. Accessory— abettor, accomplice, ally, assistant, associate. Accidental — casual, contingent, for- tuitous, incidental. Accommodate, to — adapt, adjust, fit, suit, serve. Accomplice— abettor, accessory, ally, assistant, associate. Accomplish, to— achieve, complete, effect, execute, fulfill, realize. Account — description, detail, expla- nation, narrative, narration, recital, relation. Accumulate, to — amass, gather, col- lect, heap up. Accurate — correct, exact, precise, nice. Accuse, to — arraign, censure, im- peach ; asperse, calumniate, defame, detract, vilify. Achieve, to — accomplish, effect, exe- cute, complete, fulfill, realize. Acerbity — severity of temper, sour taste. Acknowledgment — gratitude, con- cession. Acknowledge, to — avow, confess, grant, own, recognize. Acquaint, to — apprise, communicate, disclose, inform, make known. Acquiesce, to — accede, agree, assent, comply, consent, yield. Acquire, to — attain, earn, gain, ob- tain, procure, win. Acquirement — acquisition, qualifica- tion. Acquit, to — absolve, clear, forgive, pardon, set free. Acquittance — deliverance, release. Acrimony — harshness, smartness, as- perity, tartness. Active — agile, assiduous, industrious, alert, brisk, busy, Lively, nimble, prompt, quick, vigorous. Actual — certain, genuine, positive, real. 67 168 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Actuate, to — impel, induce, instigate, move. Acute— keen, penetrating, shrewd, piercing, pointed, sharp. Adapt, to— accommodate, adjust, fit, suit. Adequate — commensurate, equal, proportionate. Add — increase, join, number up. Address, to — apply, direct, speak. Address — ability, courtship, direc- tion, dexterity, demeanor, skill, ut- terance. Addicted — attached, devoted. Addition — augmentation, increase, accession. Adduce, to — advance, allege, assign, bring forward, cite, quote. Adhere, to — attach, cleave, hold, fix, stick. Adept — expert, versed in, skilful, quick. Adherent— disciple, follower, parti- san. Adhesion— adherence, attachment. Adjacent — adjoining, approximat- ing, contiguous, near to. Adjourn, to — defer, delay, postpone. Adjust, to — accommodate, adapt, fit, set right, suit. Administer, to — contribute, supply, execute, minis ter, manage, serve. Admiration — amazement, esteem, surprise, wonder. Admission— admittance, access, ap- proach. Admit, to — allow, concede, grant, per- mit, suffer, tolerate. Admonition — advice, counsel, re- proof, warning. Adorn, to— beautify, decorate, embel- lish. Adroit — clever, dexterous, expert, skilful. Adulterate, to — corrupt, contami- nate, defile, sophisticate, vitiate. Advance, to— adduce, allege, assign, bring forward, go forward, pro- ceed. Advancement — improvement, pro- gress, progression, proficiency. Advantage— benefit, good, profit. Adventure— accident, casualty, con- tingency, event, incident, occur- rence. Adversary — antagonist, opponent, enemy, foe. Adverse — calamitous, contrary, hos- tile, inimical, opposite, opposed to, repugnant. Advert, to — attend to, notice, regard. Advise (with), to— consult, deliberate, seek counsel. Advocate— argue, contend, defend, plead, reason with, support. Affability — complaisance, courte- ousness, urbanity, courtesy. Affable — courteous, conciliating, easy, gentle, mild, pleasing, urbane. Affair — business, concern, matter, transaction. Affect, to — act upon, assume, arrcn gate, concern, influence, move, pre- tend to. Affecting — moving, touching, pa- thetic. Infection — attachment, kindness, / fondness, tenderness, love. Affiliate, to — adopt, admit, initiate, receive. Affinity — alliance, kindred, relation- ship. Affirm, to — assert, asseverate, as- sure, aver, declare, pronounce, pro- test. Affliction — distress, grief, melan- choly, pain, trouble, regret, sadness, sorrow, tribulation. Affluence — abundance, afflux, exu- berance, opulence, riches, wealth. Afford, to— give, grant, impart, pro- duce, spare, sell without loss, yield. Affright, to — alarm, appal, shock, dismay, terrify. Affront — insult, outrage. Afraid — fearful, terrified, timorous. Age— century, date, era, generation, epoch, period. Aged — elderly, old, senile. Agent — deputy, factor, representa- tive, substitute. Aggregate, to — accumulate, collect, take together. Agile — active, alert, assiduous, in- dustrious, brisk, laborious, lively, nimble, prompt, quick, sprightly. Agitate, to— discuss, disturb, move, shake, toss. Agitation — disturbance, emotion, trepidation, tremor. Agony — anguish, distress, suffering, pain, pang, torture. Agree, to — accede, acquiesce, assent, comply, concur, consent. Agreeable — acceptable, conformable, grateful, pleasant, pleasing, suitable. Agreement — accordance, bargain, concurrence, compact, contract, cov- enant, [support. Aid, to— assist, help, relieve, succor, Aim — aspire, endeavor, level, point. Air — appearance, aspect, manner, look, mien. Alarm — affright, consternation, ap< prehension, dread, fear, fright, tei* ror. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 169 Alebt — active, agile, assiduous, brisk, lively, nimble, prompt, quick. Alienate, to — estrange, transfer, withdraw. Ally, to — appease, assuage, calm, compose, soothe, tranquillize. Allege, to — adduce, advance, assign. Alleviate, to — abate, mitigate, re- lieve, diminish. Alliance — coalition, combination, confederacy, league, union. Allot, to — appoint, apportion, assign, distribute. Allowance— concession, permission, grant, pay, salary, stipend, wages. Allude, to— glance at, hint, refer, in- timate, suggest. Allure, to— attract, decoy, entice, se- duce, tempt. Almo st —nearly. Alter, to — change, vary. Always — constantly, continually, ever, incessantly, perpetually. Amass, to — accumulate, gather, col- lect, heap up, pile up. Amazement — admiration, astonish- ment, surprise, wonder. Ambiguous — doubtful, equivocal, in- distinct, obscure, uncertain. Amenable — accountable, answera- ble, responsible. Amend, to — better, correct, emend, improve, mend, rectify, reform. Amends— reparation, restitution, re- storation. Amiable — charming, friendly, de- lightful, kind, lovely, obliging. Ample — abundant, capacious, copi- ous, plenteous, spacious. Amusement — diversion, entertain- ment, pastime, recreation, sport. Analogy — proportion, resembling, similar. Anger, to— aggravate, enrage, exas- perate, incite, increase, inflame, pro- voke, stimulate. Angry— hasty, hot, irascible, passion- ate. Anguish —agony, distress, pain, suf- fering. Animate, to — cheer, enliven, exhilar- ate, impel, incite, inspire, instigate, urge. Animation— buoyancy, gayety, life, liveliness, spirits, vivacity. Animosity— enmity, malignity, hos- tility. Annex, to — affix, attach, subjoin. Annotation — comment, elucidation, note, observation, remark. Announce, to — advertise, declare, proclaim, publish. [tease. Airaox, to— incommode, molest, vex, Annul, to — abolish, abrogate, annihi- late, cancel, destroy, repeal, revoke. Answer — rejoinder, reply, replica- tion, response. Answerable— accountable, amena- ble, correspondent, responsible, suit- able. Antagonist — adversary, opponent, enemy, foe. Antecedent — anterior, preceding, fanner, foregoing, previous, prior. Anticipate, to — foretaste, foresee, pre- cede, prejudge, prepossess, prevent. Antipathy — "abhorrence, aversion, contrariety, detestation, dislike, hatred, opposition, repugnance. Anxiety— care, caution, perplexity, solicitude. Apathy — indifference, insensibility, unfeelingness. Aperture— cavity, opening. Apology — defence, excuse, plea. Apparent — clear, distinct, evident, manifest, obvious, plain, visible. Appeal, to— call upon, invoke, refer. Appearance— air, aspect, look, man- ner, mien, semblance. Appease, to — allay, assuage, calm, compose, pacify, propitiate, tran- quillize, soothe. Applaud, to — approve, commend, ex- tol, praise. Applause — acclamation, exultation, plaudit, shouting. Appoint, to — allot, constitute, depute, fix, ordain, order, prescribe, provide. Appreciate, to — esteem, estimate, note, prize, value. Apprehension — alarm, dread, fear, fright, seizure, suspicion, terror. Apprise, to — acquaint, communicate, disclose, make known, inform. Approach— access, admittance, ad- mission. Approbation — approval, concurrence, consent. Appropriate, to — allot, arrogate, as- sign, assume, usurp. Appropriate — exclusive, particular, peculiar. Approve — applaud, allow, commend, esteem, like. Approximate, to — approach, come near. Arbitrary— absolute, despotic, pre- emptory, tyrannical. Arbitrator— arbiter, judge, umpire. Archives— annals, chronicles, records, registers. Ardent — eager, fervent, fiery, ht»t, passionate, vehement. Arduous — difficult, hard. Argument— dispute, proof, reason. 170 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Arise, to — ascend, mount, scale, rise. Arraign, to — accuse, censure, im- peach, charge. Arrange, to— class, dispose, place, range. Array— apparel, attire, show, exhibi- tion. Arrogance — assumption, self-conceit, pride, haughtiness, presumption, usurpation, vanity. Artful — artificial, cunning, crafty, deceitful, dexterous. Articulate, to — pronounce, speak, utter. Artifice — cheat, deception, deceit, finesse, imposition, stratagem. Artless — candid, fair, frank, honest, ingenuous, open, plain. Ascendency — authority, influence, domination, sway. Ascendant — elevation, height, pre- dominance. Ascribe, to — attribute, impute. Ask, to — beg, beseech, demand, en- treat, inquire, request, solicit. Aspect — air, appearance, mien, look. Asperity — acrimony, harshness, roughness, smartness, tartness. Asperse, to— accuse falsely, calumni- ate, defame, detract, scandalize, slander, vilify. Aspire, to — aim, desire. Assault, to — assail, attack, encoun- ter. Assemble, to — collect, convene, con- voke, gather, muster. Assent — agreement, acquiescence, approbation, concurrence, consent. Assessment — impost, rate, tax. Asseverate, to — affirm, assert, as- sure, aver, declare, pronounce, pro- test, vouch. Assign, to— adduce, advance, allot, allege, apportion, make over. Assimilate, to — convert, feign, resem- ble, cause. Assist, to — aid, help, relieve, succor. Assistant — an auxiliary, helper. Associate— ally, coadjutor, compan- ion, confederate, partner. Assume, to — affect, appropriate, arro- gate, suppose, usurp. Assurance— confidence, expectation, conviction, impudence, persuasion. Assure, to — affirm, assert, asseverate, aver, promise, protest, secure, vouch. Astonishment — admiration, wonder, amazement, surprise. Astute— arch, artful, cunning, pene- trating, wily, crafty. Asylum— refuge, retreat, sanctuary, shelter. Atrocious — criminal, flagrant, flagk tious, heinous, wicked. Attach, to — adhere, affix, annex, cleave, connect, hold, subjoin. Attachment — adherence, affection, fondness, inclination, liking, love. Attain, to — acquire, arrive at, come to, gain, get, obtain, reach, procure. Attack, to — assail, assault, impugn, encounter. Attempt — effort, endeavor, enter- prise, essay, trial, undertaking. Attentive — careful, thoughtful, heedful, mindful, regardful, studi- ous. Attitude — action, gesticulation, ges- ture, posture. Attract, to — allure, captivate, win, charm, draw, entice. Attractions — allurements, charms. Attribute, to— ascribe, impute. Attribute— property, quality. Audacity — boldness, effrontery, im- pudence, hardihood. Augmentation — accession, addition, increase. Auspicious — favorable, propitious, prosperous. Authentic — authorized, genuine. Authority — ascendency, dominion, force, influence, power, sway. Avarice — covetousness, cupidity. Averse — adverse, backward, loth, re- luctant, repugnant, unwilling. Aversion — antipathy, abhorrence, detestation, dislike, repugnance. Avidity — eagerness, greediness. Avocation — business, calling, em- ployment, occupation, office, pro- fession, trade. Avoid, to — elude, eschew, shun. Avow, to — acknowledge, confess, own, recognize. Awake, to — arouse, excite, provoke. Awe — dread, fear, reverence. [dy. Awkward — clumsy, uncouth, unhan- Babbling — foolish talk, garrulity, loquacity, talkativeness. Backward — averse, loth, reluctant, unwilling. Bad — evil, unsound, wicked. Badge — mark, sign, stigma, token. Baffle, to— confuse, confound, defeat, disconcert, elude. B.llance, to — adjust, counterpoise, equalize, equipoise, poise, regulate, settle, weigh. Banter, to — deride, mock, rally, ridi- cule, taunt. Bare— destitute, mere, naked, uncov- ered, scanty, stripped, unadorned. Bargain, to — buy, cheapen, contract, purchase. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. m Base — dishonorable, low, mean, vile. Bashful — diffident, modest, timid, shy. Basis— foundation, ground, pedestal. Bastard— not genuine, illegitimate, spurious. Battle — engagement, fight, combat. Beam— gleam, ray. Bear, to — bring forth, carry, endure, produce, suffer, support, sustain, undergo. Bearing— endurance, tolerance, man- ner, mien, patience, suffering, sup- porting, sufferance, toleration. Beat, ta— defeat, hit, overpower, over- throw, strike. Beau— gallant, spark, sweetheart. Beautiful — fine, handsome, pretty. Beautify, to — adorn, decorate, embel- lish, deck, ornament. Becoming —befitting, comely, meet, decent, fit, graceful, suitable. Beg, to— ask, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, request, solicit, supplicate. Begin, to — commence, enter upon, originate. Beguile, to — amuse, deceive, delude, impose upon, mislead. Behavior — address, carriage, de- meanor, conduct, deportment, man- ner, mien. Behold, to — eye, look, observe, see, view. Beholder— looker on, observer, spec- tator. Belief — assent, certainty, conviction, confidence, credit, faith, reliance, opinion, trust. Below — beneath, under. Bend, to— distort, incline, lean, sub- due. Beneath— below, under. Beneficent — benevolent, bounteous, bountiful, charitable, generous, lib- eral, munificent, philanthropic. Bequeath, to— devise, give. Bereave, to — deprive, strip,take from. Beseech, to — beg, crave, entreat, im- plore, request, solicit, supplicate. Bestow, to — confer, give, grant. Better, to — amend, ameliorate, emend, improve, reform. Bewail, to— bemoan, lament. Blame, to — censure, condemn, repre- hend, reproach, reprove, upbraid. Blameless— faultless, guiltless, inno- cent, irreproachable, spotless, un- blemished. Bland— gentle, mild, soft. Blast, to — annihilate, destroy, deso- late, strike, wither up. Blemish— defect, fault, flaw, speck, sput* Blunder — error, mistake. Boaster — braggadocio, braggard, braggart, bravado. Boasting — ostentation, parade, rhod- omontade, vain-glory, vaunting. Boisterous — furious, impetuous, ve- hement, violent. Bold — audacious, intrepid, daring, fearless, impudent, insolent, un- daunted. Bondage — confinement, imprison- ment, servitude, slavery. Border— brim, brink, edge, margin, rim, verge. Bore, to — penetrate, pierce, perforate. Bound, to — circumscribe, confine, lim- it, restrict, terminate. Boundless — illimitable, infinite, un- bounded, unlimited. Bounty — beneficence, benevolent, be- nignity, generosity, liberality. Brave — bold, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, magnani- mous. Brave, to — challenge, dare, defy. Breach — break, chasm, gap, opening. Break, to— batter, demolish, destroy, dissolve, rend, tame. Breaker — billow, surge, wave. Brief — compendious, concise, laconic, short, succinct, summary. Bright— brilliant, clear, glistening, glittering, limpid, lucid, resplen- dent, shining, sparkling, transpar- ent. Brilliancy — brightness, radiance, luster, splendor. [rim, verge. Brim — border, brink, edge, margin, Broad — ample, extensive, large, wide. Broil— affray, altercation, feud, fray, quarrel. Bruise, to — break, crush, pound, squeeze. Bud, to — germinate, shoot forth, sprout. Build, to — construct, erect, found. Bulk — extent, greatness, magnitude. Burden — cargo, freight, weight, load c Burning — ardent, fiery, hot. Burst, to— break, crack, rend, split. Business — avocation, calling, duty, employment, engagement, occupa- tion, profession, trade. Bustle— hurry, tumult. But — except, excepting, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, save, still, yet. Butchery — carnage, slaughter, mas- Buy, to — bargain, cheapen, purchase. Cabal— combination, conspiracy, in- trigue, plot. 172 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Cajole, to— coax, fawn, flatter, whee- dle. Calamity — disaster, mischance, mis- fortune, mishap. Calculate, to — compute, count, esti- mate, number, reckon. Call, to — bid, cry, exclaim, invite, name, summon. Calling — avocation, business, em- ployment, engagement, occupation, office, trade, profession. Callous — hard, insensible, obdurate, unfeeling, unsusceptible. Calm, to — allay, appease, assuage, compose, pacify, soothe^ tranquillize. Cancel, to — abolish, annul, abrogate, destroy, repeal, revoke. Candid— artless, frank, open, honest, ingenuous. Capable— able, competent, effective, fitted, qualified, skilful. Capacious— ample, spacious. Capacity — ability, capability, effi- ciency, faculty, genius, talent. Caprice— fancy, freak, humor. Capbicious —changeable, fantastical, fickle, variable, whimsical. Captious — cross, fretful, peevish, pet- ulant. Captivate, to — attract, charm, en- chant, enrapture, enslave, fascinate, take prisoner. Captivity — bondage, confinement, imprisonment. Capture — prize, seizure. Cake— anxiety, attention, concern, management, regard, solicitude. Careful — attentive, cautious, heed- ful, provident, solicitous. Careless — heedless, inattentive, in- cautious, remiss, thoughtless. Caress, to — endear, fondle. Carnage — butchery, slaughter, mas- sacre. Carousal— banquet, feast, treat, en- tertainment. Carriage— behavior, demeanor, de- portment, gait, manner, mien, walk. Carry, to — bear, convey, transport. Case— condition, contingence, situa- tion, plight, predicament, state. Cast, to— hurl, throw. Casual — accidental, contingent, for- tuitous, incidental. Catch, to — capture, grasp, gripe, lay hold of, seize, snatch. Catching — contagious, pestilential, infectious. Category — class, order, predicament, rank. Cause — incitement, inducement, mo- tive, origin, reason, source. Caution— admonition, advice, notiee^ care, circumspection, solicitude, warning. Cautious — careful, circumspect, pru* dent, wary, watchful. Cease, to — desist, discontinue, leave off. Celebrated— famous, illustrious, re« nowned. Celebrate, to — commend, extol, laud, perpetuate, praise. Celerity — fleetness, quickness, ra« pidity, speed, swiftness, velocity. Censure— blame, condemnation, re- buke, reproach, remonstrance, re* primand, stricture. Censure, to — accuse, blame, carp, cavil, condemn, reproach, upbraid. Ceremony— form, observance, rite. Certain — actual, doubtless, positive, real, sure. Chagrin— fretfulness, mortification, vexation. Challenge, to — accuse, call, claim, defy, demand, except, object, sum- mons. Chance (happen by), to— accidental, casual, contingent, fortuitous, inci- dental. Change— alteration^ conversion, mu- tation, variety, variation, vicissi- tude. Changeable — fickle, inconstant, mu- table, uncertain, unstable, unsteady, variable. Characteb — description, letter,mark, representation, reputation. Charge, to — accuse, arraign, attack, commission, command, entrust, im- peach, inculpate, load. Charity — alms, benevolence, good* will, kindness, liberality, love. Charm, to— attract, bewitch, capti- vate, delight, fascinate, enrapture. Chasten, to— afflict, chastise, correct, punish. Chasteness — chastity, continence, purity, simplicity. Chastise, to— afflict, chasten, correct, punish. [movables. Chattels — effects, furniture, goods, Cheat — artifice, deception, deceit, fraud, finesse, imposition, strata- gem. Check, to — control, curb, inhibit, re- buke, repress, reprove, stop. Cheer, to — comfort, encourage, en- liven, gladden, exhilarate, incite. Cheerfulness — gladness, blithe- someness, gayety, jollity, liveliness, vivacity, mirth, sprightliness. Cherish, to — foster, indulge, help, nourish, nurture, shelter, warsa. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 173 Chide, to —check, rebuke, reprove, re- primand, scold. Chew, to— masticate. Chiefly — especially, mainly, particu- larly, principally. Childish— infantine, puerile. CniDDHOOD—infancy, minority. Children — issue, offspring, progeny. Choke, to — smother, stifle, suffocate. Choice — election, option, selection. Choose, to — elect, pick, prefer, select. Circulate, to — diffuse, disseminate, propagate, spread. Circumscribe, to— hound, confine, en- close, restrict, limit. Circumstance — incident, condition, event, fact, position, situation, state. Circumspect — cautious, particular, prudent, vigilant, wary, watchful. Circumstantial— accidental, inciden- tal, minute, particular. Civil — affable, complaisant, courte- ous, obliging, polished, polite, well- bred. Civilization — culture, cultivation, refinement. Claim— pretension, right. Clandestine — hidden, private, secret. Class— degree, division, grade, order, rank. Class, to— arrange, classify, distrib- ute, range, rank. Cleansing — abstergent, abstersive, purifying, purging, purgative. Clear, to — absolve, acquit, clarify, cleanse, discharge, forgive, pardon, remit, satisfy, vindicate. Clear — apparent, bright, distinct, evident, free, guiltless, lucid, mani- fest, obvious, perspicuous, plain, pure. Clearly — distinctly, explicitly, lu- cidly, manifestly, obviously, plainly, visibly. Clemency— lenity, mercy, mildness, Clever— adroit, dexterous, expert, in- genious, skilful, talented, wise. Climb, to— ascend, get up, mount, scale. Cling, to — adhere, clasp, cleave, hang, hold, stick. Close — compact, concise, confined, dense, firm, narrow, near, nigh, shut last, solid, sly, trusting. Clothes — apparel, array, attire, dress, garments, raiment, vesture. Clouded — dark, gloomy, obscured, overcast, spotted, sullen, variegated. Clumsy — awkward, uncouth, un- handy, untoward. Coadjutor— ally assistant, colleague, partner. Coalition — alliance, combination, confederacy, connection, conspiracy, league, union. Coarse — gross, inelegant, mean, rough, rude, vulgar. Coax, to — cajole, fawn, flatter, whee« die. Coerce, to — check, compel, restrain. Cognomen — appellation, denomina- tion, name, title. Coherent — connected, united, con*, sistent. Cohesive— adhesive, sticking, tena- cious. Coincide— agree^ concur. Cold — chaste, chill, coy, frigid, re- served, unaffecting. Colleague — ally, assistant, associate, coadjutor, partner. Collected — assembled, calm,compos- ed, gathered, drawn together, placid. Collection — assemblage, contribu- tion, group. Colloquy — conference, conversation, dialogue, talk. Color — hue, tinge, tint. Combination — alliance, cabal, coali- tion, confederacy, league, conspir- acy, union. Comely — agreeable, becoming, de- cent, graceful, seemly. Comfort, to — console, encourage, en- liven, solace, strengthen, support. Comfortless— desolate, forlorn, dis- consolate, wretched. Comic — droll, laughable, ludicrous, mirthful, ridiculous. Command— behest, injunction, man- date, order, precept. Commanding — authoritative, direct- ing, imperative, imperious. Commence to — begin, originate. Commend, to— applause, extol, laud, praise, recommend. Commensurate — adequate, equal, proportionate. Cobiment — annotation, elucidation, explanation, exposition, note, ob- servation, remark. Commiseration — compassion, condo- lence, pity, sympathy. Commission, to — authorize, empower. Commodious — convenient, suitable, useful. Commodity — goods, merchandise, wares. Common — equal, frequent, general, low, mean, ordinaiy, usual, vulgar. Commotion— disturbance, perturba- tion, tumult. Communicate, to — disclose, make known, impart, partake of, partici- pate, reveal. 174 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS, Communication — commerce, confer- ence, imparting, intercourse. Communion— converse, fellowship, in- tercourse, union. Commute, to — bargain, barter, ex- change, truck. Compact — agreement, contract, cove- nant, firm, solid, close. Companion— accomplice, ally, asso- ciate, coadjutor, comrade, confeder- ate, partner. Company— assembly, assemblage, as- sociation, congregation, corporation. Comparison— simile, similitude. Compass, to— attain, besiege, consum- mate, enclose, encircle, environ, in- vest, procure. Compassion — commiseration, pity, sympathy. Compatible — consistent, suitable, Compel, to— force, necessitate, oblige. Compendious — brief, concise, laconic, shout, succinct, summary. Compensation — amends, recompense, remuneration, requital, reward. Competent — able, capable, effective, efficient, fitted, qualified, skilful, suitable. Competition — contest, emulation. Complaining — bewailing, lamenting, murmuring, querulous, regretting, repining. Complaisant— affable, civil, courte- ous, obliging. Complete, to — accomplish, achieve, consummate, effect, execute, finish, fulfill, perfect, terminate. Complete — accomplished, entire, fin- ished, full, perfect, total, whole. Complex — complicate, compound, composite, intricate. Compliment, to — adulate, congratu- late, flatter, praise. Comply, to — accede, accord with, ac- quiesce, assent, consent, yield. Compose, to — calm, compound, con- stitute, form, put together, settle, soothe. Compound — complex, complicate, in- tricate, Comprehend, to — comprise, conceive, embrace, include, understand. Comprehension — capacity, knowl- edge, [press. Compress, to — condense, squeeze, Compulsion — coercion, constraint, force, restraint. Compunction — contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance. Compute, to — calculate, count, esti- mate, number, rate, reckon. Concede, to — admit, allow, deliver, grant, surrender, yield. Conceal, to— cover, disguise, dissenv ble, hide, secrete. Conceit— fancy, imagination, pride, vanity, Conceited— egotistical, opinionated, proud, vain. Conception — apprehension, fancy, imagination, idea, knowledge, no- tion, perception. Concern— affair, business, care, in- terest, matter, regard. Concert, to — adjust, consult with, contrive, manage. Conciliate, to— propitiate, reconcile, win. Concise— brief, compendious, laconic, short, succinct, summary. Conclude, to— close, finish,terminate. Conclusion — deduction, end, infer- ence, termination. Conclusive — convincing, decisive. Concomitant— accompaniment, com- panion. Concord — agreement, amity, har- mony, peace, unity. Concur, to— acquiesce, agree, approve, coincide. Condemn, to — blame, censure, doom, reproach, reprove, reprobate, sen- tence, upbraid. Condense, to — compress, contract, thicken. Condescension— complaisance, defer- ence, humility. Condition — article, bond, case, com- pact, plight, predicament, rank, sit- uation, state, stipulation. Condolence — commiseration, lamen- tation, compassion, sympathy. Conduce, to —conduct, contribute, lead, tend. Conduct — behavior, demeanor, de- portment, guidance, management. Confederate— accomplice, ally. Confer, to — bestow, compare, con- duce, discourse, give. Confess, to — acknowledge, avow, dis- close, grant, own, recognize. Confide, to — depend, rely, repose, ) trust. Confident — absolute, bold, dogmati- cal, impudent, positive. Confined — circumscribed, contracted, imprisoned, limited, narrow, re» strained, shut up. Confirm, to — coroborate, establish, strengthen. Conflict — agony, combat,contention, contest, fight, pang, struggle. Conform, to — comply, submit, yield. Confuse, to— abash, confound, disor- der, disconcert, embarrass, hurry, perplex, stupefy. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 175 Confused — deranged, disordered, in- discriminate, indistinct, intricate, mixed, perplexed. Confute, to — convince, convict, dis- prove, oppugn, refute. Congratulate, to— felicitate, compli- ment. Congeuity — agreement, correspond- ence. Conjecture— belief, supposition, sur- mise, guess, think. Connected — joined, related, united. Connection — association, commerce, communication, family intercourse, society, union. Conquer, to — overcome, subdue, sub- jugate, surmount, vanquish Conscious — apprised, aware, sensi- ble. Consent, to — acquiesce, accede, agree, assent, comply. Consequence— effect, issue, result. Consequently — accordingly, hence, then, thence, therefore, wherefore. Consider, to — deliberate, ponder, re- flect, regard. • Consign, to — commit, entrust, make over, transfer. Consistent — accordant, consonant, firm. Console, to — comfort, solace, soothe. Conspicuous— distinguished.eminent, illustrious, noted, prominent. Constancy— firmness, stability, stead- Constantly — continually, ever, in- cessantly, perpetually, unchange- ably. Constitute, to — appoint, compose, depute, form. Constraint — coercion, compulsion, confinement. Construct, to — build, compile, consti- tute, erect. Consult, to — advise with, debate, de- liberate. Consume, to — absorb, destroy, engulf, imbibe, swallow up, waste, Consummation — completion, finish, perfection. Contact — juncture, touch. Contagious — infectious, pestilential. Contain, to — comprehend, comprise, embrace, hold, include. Contaminate, to — corrupt, defile, pol- lute, taint. Contemn, to— despise, disdain, scorn. Contemplate — meditate, muse. Contemptible — contemptuous, des- picable, disdainful, mean, paltry, pitiful, vile. Contend, to — argue, debate, dispute, •*utest, strive, vie. Contention — combat, conflict, con- test, discord, dispute, strife, dissen- sion. Contentment — acquiescence, gratifi- cation, satisfaction. Contiguous— adjacent, adjoining, ap- proximating to. Contingency — accident, adventure, casualty, event, incident,occurrence. Continual— constant, continuous, in- cessant, perpetual, unceasing. Continuation — continuance, continu- ity, duration. Contract — agreement, bargain, com- pact, covenant. Contract, to — abbreviate, abridge, condense, reduce, shorten. Contradict, to — deny, oppose. Contrary — adverse, inimical, oppo- site, repugnant. Contribute, to — administer, conduce, minister. Contrition — compunction, penitence, remorse, repentance. Contrivance — device, plan, inven- tion, scheme. Control, to — check, curb, govern, re- strain. Controversy— contest, debate, dispu- tation. Convene, to — assemble, bring to- gether, convoke. Convenient— adapted, commodious, suitable. Conversation — colloquy, conference, dialogue. Converse — communion, conversation, discourse. Converse, to — commune, discourse, speak, talk. Convey, to — bear, carry, transport. Conviction — confutation, detection, persuasion, satisfaction. Convivial — festal, social, sociable. Convoke, to— assemble, call together, convene. Copious — abundant, ample, exuber- ant, full, plenteous, plentiful. Cordial — hearty, reviving, sincere, warm. Correct, to — amend, better, emend, improve, mend, rectify, reform. Correctness — accuracy, exactness, exactitude, faultlessness, justness, precision, propriety. Corroborate, to — confirm, establish, strengthen. Corruption — adulteration, contamin- ation, defilement, depravity, infec- tion, pollution, putridity. Costly — precious, valuable. Counsel— advice, consultation, intel* ligence, instruction, notice. 176 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Counteract — defeat, frustrate, hin- der, oppose, prevent. Countenance — encourage, sanction, favor, support. Counterfeit — feigned, false, forced, imitation, imposture, spurious. Couple— brace, pair, two. Courage — bravery, fearlessness, firm- ness, gallantry, heroism, intrepidity, valor. Course — career, line, method, mode, passage, progress, road, route, series, succession, track, way. Courteous — affable, complaisant, conciliating, civil, kind, respectful, polished, polite, well-bred. Covenant — agreement, bargain, con- tract, pledge, stipulation. Covering— concealing, hiding, over- spreading, screening, sheltering, tegument. Covert — close, concealed, defence, hiding-place, sudden, secret, shel- ter, thicket, Covetousness — avarice, cupidity, in- ordinate desire. Coward — dastard, poltroon, Cowardice — cowardliness, fear, pu- sillinamity, timidity. Crafty — artful, cunning, deceitful, sly, subtle, wily. Crave, to — beg, beseech, entreat, im- plore, request, solicit, supplicate. Create, to— cause, constitute, form, invest, make, occasion, originate, produce, shape. Crime— guilt, sin, vice, wickedness. Cringe, to— bow, crouch, fawn, flatter, stoop. Crisis — conjuncture, juncture. Criticism — animadversion, censure, judgment, remark, review, stric- ture. Crooked — awry, bent, bowed, curved, deformed, disfigured, incurvated, oblique. Cross — fretful, ill-tempered, peevish, petulant, splenetic. Cross, to — contravene, defer, embar- rass, hinder, impede, oppose, ob- struct, retard, perplex, thwart, vex. Cruel — barbarous, brutal ferocious, inhuman, inexorable, merciless, pit- iless, unmerciful. Culpable — blamable, censurable, faulty. Cultivation — civilization, improve- ment, tillage, refinement. Cunning — artifice, crafty, designing, deceitful, duplicity, skilful, sly,*ub- tle, wily. , Cupidity— avarice, covetousness, in- ordinate desire, Cure, to — heal, remedy, restore. Curious — inquisitive, prying. Curse — anathema, execration, impre* cation, malediction. Cursory — careless, desultory, hasty, slight, superficial. Curtail, to — abbreviate, abridge, con- tract, shorten. Custom — fashion, habit, manner, practice, prescription, usage. Damage — detriment, hurt, injury, loss. Dampness — humidity, moisture. Danger — hazard, peril, risk, venture. Daring — bold, brave, courageous, fearless, intrepid, valorous. Dark — dim, dismal, gloomy, mysteri- ous, obscure, opaque. Darken, to — cloud, dim, mystify, ob- scure, perplex, grow dark. Date— age, era, epoch, period, time. Dead — deceased, inanimate, lifeless, still, tasteless, vapid. Deadly — destructive, fatal, implaca- ble, mortal. Dealing — action, commerce, distrib- uting, practice, trade, traffic. Dearth — famine, need, scarcity, want. Debar, to — deprive, exclude, hinder, preclude, prevent. Debase, to — abase, degrade, disgrace, humble. Debate, to — argue, contest, contro* vert, dispute. Debilitate, to — enervate, enfeeble, impair, relax, weaken. Debility — imbecility, weakness, in- firmity. Decay — consumption, decline. Decease — death, demise, departure. Deceit — art, deception, double-deal- ing, cunning, duplicity, fraud, guile, trickery, wiliness. Decent— becoming, comely, fit, grave, seemly. Decide, to— determine, fix, resolve. Decision— determination, judgment, resolution, sentence. Decisive — conclusive, convincing, de- cided. Declare, to — affirm, announce, assert* assure, asseverate, aver, proclaim, pronounce, testify. Decline, to— decay, droop, refuse, re- ject, repel, shun, sink. Decorate, to— adorn, beautify, embel- lish, ornament. Decoy, to — abduct, allure, entice, en- trap, inveigle, seduce, tempt. Decrease, to— abate, diminish, lessen, liquidate, lower, subside. [low. Dedicate, to— consecrate, devote, hal* DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 177 Deduction — conclusion, inference. Deed— achievement, accomplishment, exploit, feat. Deface, to— deform, destroy, disfigure. Defame, to— accuse falsely, asperse, caluminate, scandalize, slander, vilify. Defeat, to — baffle, beat, conquer, disconcert, frustrate, overcome, overpower, overthrow, vanquish. Defect — blemish, fault, flaw, imper- fection. Defective — deficient, imperfect. Defender— advocate, pleader, vindi- cator. Defence — apology, excuse, justifica- tion, protection, vindication. Defer, to — delay, postpone, procras- tinate, prolong, protract, retard. Deference — complaisance, conde- scension, regard, respect, submis- sion, veneration. Defile, to - contaminate, corrupt, pollute, taint, vitiate. Deficient — defective, imperfect. Definite — bounded, certain, exact, limited, positive, precise. Deform, to — deface, destroy, disfigure. Defraud, to — cheat, deceive, rob, trick. Degrade— decry, depreciate, dispar- age, disgrace, lessen, lower, reduce, traduce. Degree — class, descent, order, qual- ity, rank, station. Dejection — depression, melancholy. Delay, to — defer, detain, postpone, prolong, protract, procrastinate, stop. Deliberate — cautious, circumspect, considerate, gradual, hesitating, slow, thoughtful, wary. Delicate — beautiful, choice, effem- inate, elegant, fine, nice, tender, weak. Delighted— glad, grateful, joyful, pleased. Delightful — beautiful, charming, delicious, gladsome, lovely. Delineate, to — depict, describe, de- sign, draw, paint, sketch. Delinquent— criminal, offender. Deliver, to — cede, concede, free, give up, pronounce, relate, rescue, save, surrender, transmit, utter, yield. Delude, to — beguile, cheat, deceive, impose upon, lead away, mislead. Delusion— cheat, fallacy, guile, illu- sion. Demand, to— ask for, claim, require. Demolish, to — destroy,dismantle,raze. Demonstrate, to — evince, manifest, prove. Denominate — designate, name, style, entitle. Denote, to — betoken, imply, mark, signify. Deny, to — contradict, disavow, dis- claim, disown, oppose, refuse. Departure— abandoning, death, de- cease, exit, forsaking, going away. Dependence — confidence, connection, hanging on, reliance, trust. Deplore, to — bewail, lament, mourn. Deportment — behavior, carriage, conduct, demeanor, mien. Depraved — abandoned, corrupt, prof- ligate, vicious, vitiated, wicked. Depreciate, to— decry, degrade, de- tract, disparage, lower, traduce, un- dervalue. Depression — dejection, melancholy. Deprive, to— abridge, debar, depose, divest, hinder, strip. Depute, to — appoint, constitute, com- mission. Deputy — delegate, envoy, represent- ative, substitute. Derange, to — confuse, discompose, disconcert, disorder. Deride, to — banter, laugh at, mock, rally, ridicule, sneer at. Derive, to —deduce, infer,trace. Descent— birth, inclination, invasion, offspring, succession. Describe, to — delineate, narrate, re- count, relate, represent. Description — account, detail, expla- nation, narration, recital, relation. Design, to — intend, mean, plan, pro- ject, propose, sketch, scheme, pur- pose. Designate, to— appoint, choose, dis- tinguish, indicate, name, point out, style. Desist, to — cease, discontinue, leave off. [hopelessness. Despair — desperation, despondency, Desperate — careless, desponding, fu- rious, hopeless, mad. Despicable — contemptible, mean, pitiful, vile, worthless. Despise, to — comtemn, disdain, scorn. Despite — anger, defiance, malice. Despotic— absolute, arbitrary, self- willed. Destination— appointment, design, destiny, fate, lot, purpose. Destitute— bare, forlorn, forsaken, scanty. Destroy, to — annihilate, consume, de- molish, dismantle, ruin, waste. Desultory — cursory, hasty, loose, roving, slight, wavering. Detach, to— disengage, disjoin, sepa* rate, sever. 178 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Detail— account, description, expla- nation, narration, recital. Detain, to— hold, keep, retain, re- strain. Detect, to — convict, discover, find out. Deter, to — discourage, dishearten. Determine, to — adjust, bound, decide, define, fix, limit, resolve, settle. Determined — concluded, decided, ended, firm, fixed, immovable, res- olute. Detest, to — abhor, abominate, hate, loathe. Detestable — abominable, execrable, hateful, loathsome. Detract, to — asperse, calumniate, defame, derogate, scandalize, slan- der, vilify. Detriment— damage, disadvantage, hurt, injury, loss, prejudice. Develop, to— clear, disclose, exhibit, unfold, unravel. Deviate — digress, err, stay, -wander, swerve. Device— contrivance, design, show, invention, scheme, stratagem. Devote, to — apply, consecrate, set apart, dedicate. Devout — holy, pious, religious. Dexterity— ability, aptness, adroit- ness, expertness, skilfulness. Dialect — idiom, language, speech, tongue. Dictate, to — direct, instruct, order, prescribe, suggest. Die, to— depart, expire, languish, per- ish, wither. Differ, to — contend, disagree, vary, dissent. Different— distinct, diverse, unlike, various. [some. Difficult— arduous, hard, trouble- Difficulty — embarrassment, imped- iment, obstruction, obstacle, per- plexity, trial, trouble. Diffident — bashful, distrustful,mod- est, suspicious. Digest, to — arrange, concoct, dispose, distribute, soften. Dignified — exalted, honored, stately. Diligent — active, assiduous, labori- ous, persevering. Diminish, to — abate, decrease, lessen, liquidate, subside. Direct, to — conduct, guide, dispose, manage, regulate, sway. Direction — address, order, command, superscription. Directly — immediately, instantly, instantaneously, promptly. Disability— inability, weakness, in- competency. Disadvantage — detriment, injury, hurt, loss, prejudice. Disagree, to — differ, dissent, vary, quarrel. Disappoint, to — balk, defeat, foil. Disaster— calamity, mischance, mis- fortune, mishap. Disavow — deny, disclaim, disown. Discard, to — discharge, dismiss. Discern, to — behold, discover, dis- criminate, distinguish, penetrate. Discernible — apparent, manifest, evident, perceptible. Disclaim, to — deny, disown, disavow, renounce. Disclose, to— discover, divulge, made known, reveal. Disconcert, to — confuse, derange, defeat, discompose, displace, disor- der, disturb, fret, interrupt, ruffle, unsettle, vex. Discord — contention, dissension. Discover, to — communicate, make known, detect, disclose, find out, impart, reveal, uncover. Discredit— disgrace, dishonor, disre- pute, ignominy, reproach, scandal. Discredit, to — disbelieve, disgrace, dishonor. Discretion — judgment, prudence. Disdain— contempt, haughtiness, ar- rogance, scorn. Disease — disorder, distemper, mala- dy- Disgrace, to— abase, debase, dishon- or, degrade. Disguise, to — conceal, dissemble, dis- figure. Disgust— aversion, dislike, distaste, loathing, nausea. [brium. Dishonor — disgrace, shame, oppro- Dislike — abhorrence, antipathy, aversion, detestation, hatred, re' pugnance. Dismember, to — disjoint, dislocate. Dismiss, to — discard, discharge, di- vest. Disorder — bustle, confusion, de- rangement, discomposure, disease, malady, sickness, tumult, distem< per, irregularity. Disparage, to — decry, depreciate, degrade, derogate, detract, under- value. Disparity — difference, inequality, un- likeness. Disperse, to — deal out, dissipate, dis' tribute, scatter, spread. Display — ostentation, parade, show. Display, to — exhibit, parade, show. Displease, to — anger, offend, vex. Dispose, to — arrange, order, place, regulate, DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 179 Dispute— altercation, contest, contro- versy, debate, difference, quarrel. Dissemble, to — conceal, cloak, de- ceive, disguise, hide. Disseminate, to — circulate, diffuse, propagate, scatter, spread. Dissertation — disquisition, essay, discourse, tract, treatise. 3Dissipate, to — consume, disperse, dis- pel, expend, scatter, spend, squan- der, waste. Distant — tar, remote. Distaste— aversion, disgust, dislike, dissatisfaction, loathing. Distinct — clear, different, obvious, dissimilar, separate, unlike, Distinguish — discern, discriminate, perceive. Distinguished — conspicuous, emi- nent, illustrious, noted. Distracted — confused, disturbed, confounded, discomposed,perplexed. Distress — affliction, anguish, agony, misery, grief, sadness, sorrow, suf- fering. Distribute, to— allot, apportion, as- sign, deal out. District — county, circuit, division, portion, province, quarter, region, territory, tract. Disturb, to — agitate, annoy, disquiet, interrupt, molest, perplex, trouble. Diversion — amusement, deviation, entertainment, pastime, recreation, sport. [share. Divide, to — distribute, part, separate, Divine, to — foretell, guess, presage, conjecture. Divulge, to — communicate, impart, disclose, discover, make known, re- veal, publish. Do, to— achieve, accomplish, effect, dis- charge, execute, perform. Docile — ductile, gentle, teachable, pliant, tractable, yielding, Doctrine— dogma, maxim, principle, precept, tenet. Dogmatical — authoritative, confi- dent, magisterial, positive. Doleful — dismal, piteous, rueful, sorrowful, woeful. Doubt — hesitation, perplexity, sus- pense, scruple, uncertainty. Doubtful — ambiguous, equivocal, dubious, precarious, questionable, uncertain. Drag, to — draw, haul, pull, tug. Dread, to — apprehend, fear, stand in awe. Dreadful— awful, fearful, frightful, horrible, terrible. Dress— apparel, array, attire, gar- meats, vestments. Drink— beverage, potion. Droop, to— fade, languish, pine, sink. Dumb— mute, silent, speechless. Durable — constant, continuing, last- ing, permanent. Dutiful — obedient, respectful, sub- missive. Dwelling — abode, domicile, habita- tion, residence, Eager— ardent, earnest, impetuous, quick, vehement. Earn, to — acquire, gain, obtain, win. Earth— globe, world. Ease — facility, lightness, quiet, rest, repose. Eccentric — anomalous, particular, odd, singular, strange. Economical— careful, frugal, parsi- monious, saving, sparing, thrifty. Ecstasy — delight, elevation, enthusi- asm, joy, rapture, transport. Edifice— building, fabric, structure. Education — breeding, cultivation, in- struction, nurture, tuition. Efface, to — blot out, destroy, cancel, eradicate, erase, obliterate, raze, ex- punge. Effect, to — accomplish, achieve, com- plete, execute, fulfill, realize. Effect — consequence, event, issue, meaning, purpose, reality, result. Effects — chattels, furniture, goods, movables, property. Efficient — able, capable, competent, effective, effectual, fitted. Effort — attempt, endeavor, essay, exertion, trial* Elegant — beautiful, graceful. Elevate, to — exalt, dignify, raise, lift. Eligible— fit, preferable, worthy. Embarrass, to — distress, entangle, perplex, puzzle, trouble. Embellish, to— adorn, beautify, deck, decorate, illustrate. Emblem — figure, symbol, type. Embrace, to— clasp, comprehend, com- prise, contain, hug, include. Emergency — casualty exigency, ne- cessity. Eminent— conspicuous, dignified, dis- tinguished, elevated, exalted, illus- trious, prominent. Emolument— gain, lucre, profit, ad« vantage. Emotion — agitation, disturbance, tre-' mor, trepidation. Employ, to — make use of. Employment — avocation, business, occupation, profession, trade. Empower, to — authorize, enable, com- mission. Empty — evacuated, unfilled, unfiirn* ished, vacant, vacuous, void. 180 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Emulation — competition, jealousy, envy, rivalry. Enchant, to — bewitch, captivate, en- rapture, charm, fascinate. Encomium — eulogy, panegyric, praise. Encounter — attack, assault, combat, engagement, meeting. Encourage, to— animate, cheer, coun- tenance, foster, incite, instigate, sanction, stimulate, support. Encroach, to — infringe, intrude, tres- pass. End— close, cessation, consequence, death, extremity, finish, object, pur- pose, sequel, termination. Endeavor —aim, attempt, effort, ex- ertion. Endless— eternal, everlasting, inces- sant, infinite, interminable, perpet- ual. Endurance — resignation, fortitude, patience, sufferance. Enemy — antagonist, adversary, foe, opponent. Energy — efficacy, force, potency, power, strength, vigor. Enervate, to — debilitate, enfeeble, unnerve, weaken. Engage, to— attract, employ, encoun- ter, enlist, fight, induce, win, pledge, promise. Engross, to — absorb, monopolize, imbibe. Enjoyment — fruition, gratification, pleasure. Enlarge, to — extend, lengthen, in- crease. Enmity— animosity, hatred, hostility, malignity. Enough — abundance, plenty, suffi- ciency. Enrage, to — aggravate, exasperate, incense, irritate, inflame. Enrapture, to — attract, bewitch, captivate, charm, enchant, fasci- nate. Entangle, to — embarrass, enfold, en- snare, entrap, implicate, involve, inveigle. Enterprise — adventure, attempt, undertaking. Entertainment— amusement, ban- quet, carousal, diversion, feast, pas- time, performance, sport, recrea- tion. Entice, to — allure, attract, decoy, seduce, tempt. Entire — complete, integral, perfect, total, whole. Entirely— completely, wholly, per- fectly. Entitle, to— characterize, denominate, name, style. Entreat, to- ask, beg, beseech, crave, implore, petition, solicit, supplicate. Envy — grudging, jealousy, suspicion. Epitomize, to — abridge, condense, re- duce. Equal — adequate, commensurate, equivalent. Equitable — fair, honest, impartial, just, reasonable. Eradicate, to — extirpate^ extermi- nate, root out. Erase, to — cancel, efface, expunge, obliterate. Erect, to — construct, elevate, estab- lish, found, institute, set up, raise. Error — blunder, fault, mistake. Escape, to — avoid, elude, evade, fly, pass. Especially — chiefly, particularly, principally, specially. Essential — indispensable, necessary, requisite. Esteem, to — appreciate, prize, regard, respect, revere, value. Estimate, to — appraise, appreciate, calculate, compute, value, esteem, rate, reckon. Eternal — boundless, endless, ever- lasting, immortal, infinite, inter- minable, perpetual. Evade, to — avoid, elude, equivocate, escape, prevaricate, shun. Evasion — equivocation, prevarication, excuse, shift, subterfuge. Even — equal, level, plain, smooth, uniform. Event— adventure, consequence, inci- dent, occurrence, issue, result. Ever — always, continually, constant- ly, incessantly, perpetually, unceas- ingly. Evidence — deposition, proof, testimo- ny, witness. Evil— bad. Exact, to— demand, draw from,enjoin, extort. Exact — accurate, careful, correct, nice, precise, punctual, strict. Exalted — dignified, elevated, extoll- ed, magnified, raised, refined, sub= lime. Examination— inquiry, investigation, research, search, scrutiny. Example — pattern, precedent. Exasperate, to — aggravate, excite, enrage, irritate, provoke, vex. Exceed, to — excel, outdo, surpass, transcend. Excellence — eminence, goodness, perfection, superiority, purity. Except — besides, excepting, but. Exception — cavil, difficulty, objeo* tion. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 181 Exchange — barter, reciprocity, trade, traffic. Excite, to— arouse, awaken, incite, iritate, provoke, stimulate. Excolpate, to — absolve, exonerate, acquit, justify. Excuse — apology, evasion, plea, pre- tence, subterfuge, pretext. Excuse, to — absolve, acquit, excul- _ pSM, justify. Exec a able— abomin able, detestable, hateful. Execration — curse, imprecation, malediction. Execute, to — accomplish, achieve, complete, comsummate, effect, fin- ish, fulfill, realize. Exemption — freedom, immunity, privilege. [tice. Exep.cise, to — carry on, exert, prae- Exhaust, to — dr&in, empty, spend. Exigency — emergency, necessity. Exonerate, to — absolve, acquit, clear, discharge, exculpate, justify, re- lieve. Expand, to — diffuse, dilate, spread. Expectation — anticipation, confi- dence, hope, trust. Expedient — essential, fit, necessary, requisite. Expedite, to — accelerate, hasten, quicken. Expeditious — diligent, quick, speedy, prompt. Expel, to — banish, cast out, exile. Expend, to — consume, spend, waste, dissipate. Expensive — costly, dear, valuable, sumptuous. Experience — experiment, proof, test, trial. Expert — adroit, clever, dexterous, ready, skilful. Explain, to — elucidate, interpret. Explanation — account, description, detail, explication, relation, recital. Explicit — definite, express, plain. Exploit — achievement, accomplish- ment, deed, feat. [into. Explore, to — examine, search, pry Exposed — liable, obnoxious, subject. Express — definite, explicit, plain. Expressive— significant. Extend, to — enlarge, stretch out, in- crease, spread out. Extensive — comprehensive, large, wide. Extenuate, to — diminish, palliate, Exterior— external, outward. Exterminate — destroy, eradicate.ex- tirpate, root out. External— exterior, outward. Extol, to — admire, applaud, com- mend, eulogize, laud, praise. Extricate, to — disembarrass, disen-' gage, disentangle. Facetious— jocose, jocular. Facility — ease, lightness. Fact — circumstance, incident. Faculty — ability, endowment, talen^ gift. Failing — failure, foible, frailty, inv perfection, miscarriage, misfortuney weakness. Fair — clear, equitable, honest, impar' tial, reasonable. Faith — belief, credit, fidelity, trust. Fallacious— deceitful, delusive, illu- sive, fraudulent, sophistical. Falsehood — fabrication, falsity, fks tion, lie, untruth. Familiar— intimate, free, unceremo- nious. Famous — celebrated, distinguished, eminent, illustrious, renowned. Fanatic — enthusiast, visionary. Fanciful — capricious, fantastical, ideal, imaginative, whimsical. Fancy — caprice, conceit, conception, frolic, humor, ideality, image, im- agination, inclination, liking, taste, notion, whim. Fascinate, to— attract, bewitch, cap- tivate, charm, enchant, enrapture. Fashion — custom, form, mode, man- ner, practice, sort, way. Fasten, to— affix, attach, annex, fix. hold, make fast, stick. Fastidious — disdainful, squeamish. Fatal — deadly, inevitable, mortal. Fate — chance, destiny, doom, fortune, lot. Fatigue — lassitude, weariness. Favor— benefit, civility, grace, sup- port. Favorable — auspicious, palliative, propitious. Fault — blemish, defect, error, fail- ing, imperfection, offence. Faultless— blameless, spotless, inno- cent. Fear— apprehension, alarm, anxiety, dread, fright, terror, timidity, trep- idation. Fearful — awful, dreadful, frightful, horrible, terrible, afraid, timid, tim- orous. Fearless— brave, courageous, daring, heroic, intrepid, uudaunted. Feasible — practicable, plausible, spe- cious. Follower— adherent, disciple, parti- partisan, pursuer, successor. Fondness — affection, attachment, love, tenderness. 182 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Forsake, to— abandon, abdicate, de- sert, relinquish, quit. Foolish— absurd, irrational, prepos- terous, ridiculous, simple, silly, stu- pid. Forbear, to — abstain, refrain, pause, spare. Forbid, to — interdict, oppose, pro- Mbit. Force, to— compel, constrain, oblige, restrain. Forcible — irresistible, mighty, co- gent, potent, powerful, strong. Forebode, to — augur, betoken, por- tend, foretell, presage, prognosti- cate. Foregoing — antecedent, anterior, former, preceding, previous, prior. Torego, to — give up, quit, resign. Foreign — alien, exotic, extraneous, extrinsic, strange. Foretell, to — augur, betoken, fore- bode, protend, predict, presage, prognosticate, prophesy. Forethought — anticipation, fore- sight, premeditation. Forfeiture — amercement, penalty, fine, mulct. Forge, to— counterfeit, feign, fabri- cate, frame, invent. Forgive, to— absolve, acquit, excuse, pardon, remit. Forlorn — deserted, destitute, lost, forsaken, lonely. Form — ceremony, observance, rite. Formal — ceremonious, exact, stiff, methodical, precise. Former — antecedent, anterior, pre- ceding, foregoing, previous, prior. Fortunate— lucky, prosperous, suc- cessful. Fortune— chance, estate, fate, por- tion, success. Forward — ardent, bold, confident, eager, immodest, onward, preco- cious, presumptuous, progressive, ready. Foster, to— cherish, feed, harbor, in- dulge, nurse, support. Feat — achievement, act, deed, ex- ploit, trick. Feeble —infirm, weak. Feeling — generosity, kindness, sen- sation, sensibility. Feelings — sentiments. Felicitate, to— congratulate, delight, make joyful. Felicity— blessedness, bliss, happi- ness, prosperity. Fertile— abundant, fruitful, produc- tive, prolific. Fertility — abundance, fecundity, fruitfulness, productiveness. Fervor — ardor, heat, vehemence* warmth, zeal. Festivity— festival, gayety, joyful- ness. Fickle — changeable, capricious, in- constant, variable, versatile. Fiction— fabrication, falsehood, in- vention. Fidelity— faith, honesty, integrity. Fiery — ardent, fervent, impetuous, hot, passionate, vehement. Figure— form, semblance, represen- tation, shape, stature. Figure — allegory, emblem, metaphor, type. Fine — beautiful, delicate, elegant, lovely, nice, pretty, showy. Finish, to— close, complete, perfect, conclude, terminate. Firm — partnership, resolute, solid, steady, strong, sturdy. First — earliest, highest, original, pri- mary, primitive, pristine. Fitted — adapted, competent, quali- fied, suited. Fix, to — appoint, attach, determine, fasten, settle, stick. Flag, to — decline, droop, languish, pine. Flagitious — atrocious,h\agrant, hein- ous, wicked. Flattery — adulation, false compli- ment, sycophancy. Flavor— odor, fragrance, savor, taste. Flaw— blemish, crack, defect, spot, speck. Fleeting — temporary, transient, transitory. Fleetness— celerity, quickness, ra- pidity, swiftness, velocity. Flexible — complying, supple, not stiff. Fluctuate, to — change, hesitate, vac- illate, waver. Fragile — brittle, frail, frangible, weak. Frailty — failing, foible, imperfection, instability, weakness. Frame, to — adjust, contrive, compose, fabricate, fit, form, invent, plan. Fraternity— brotherhood, society. Fraud — cheat, deception, deceit, guile, imposition. Freak — caprice, fancy, humor, whim. Free — bountiful, candid, exempt, fa- miliar, frank, generous, liberal, mu- nificent, open, unconfined, uncon- strained, unreserved. Free, to— affranchise, clear, deliver, liberate, rescue. Freedom — exemption, familiarity, in- dependence, liberty, privilege, unrf strained. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 188 Fbeely— cheerfully, frankly, liber- ally, spontaneously, unreservedly, unhesitatingly. Frequently — commonly, usually, generally, often, repeatedly. Fresh— modern, novel, new, recent. Fret, to— agitate, anger, chafe, cor- rode, gall, rub, vex, wear away. Fretful— angry, captious, peevish, petulant, splenetic. FiusNDLY^amicable, kind, social, so- ciable. Fright — alarm, panic, terror, conster- nation. Frighten, to — alarm, affright, ter- rify, daunt, intimidate. Frightful— dreadful, fearful, horrid, horrible, terrible, terrific. Frugal. — economical, parsimonious, saving. Fruitful— abundant, fertile, plenti- ful, pregnant, productive, prolific. Fruition — enjoyment, gratification, possession. Frustrate, to— balk, defeat, disap- point, foil, hinder, make void, nul- lify. Fully — abundantly, completely, co- piously, largely. Function— charge, office, place. Futile — frivolous, trilling, useless. Gain, to — acquire, attain, get, obtain, procure, profit, win. Gait — bearing, carriage, mien, walk. Gale — gust, tempest, storm, hurri- cane. Gather, to — assemble, collect, com- press, contract, deduce, muster, sup- purate, thicken. Gay — cheerful, debonair, sprightly, fine, merry, showy. Gayety— p.nimation, finery, liveliness, merriment, vivacity. Generally — commonly, frequently, usually; Generous — beneficent, bounteous, liberal, munificent, noble. Genius- • ibility, capacity, ingenuity, intellect, talent, parts, taste, wis- dom. Gentef/. — polished, polite, refined. Gentle —meek, mild, peaceable, pa- cific, tarue. Gekuiie — authentic, natural, real, true, unalloyed, unadulterated. Germinate, to — bud, grow, shoot, sprDut. Gesture — action, attitude, posture. Get, to— acquire, attain, gain, obtain, procure, realize. Giddiness — flightiness, lightness, in- constancy, levity, unsteadiness, thoughtlessness, volatility. Gift — benefaction, endowment, dona- tion, gratuity, present, talent. Give, to — bestow, confer, consign, im- part, grant, yield. Glad— cheerful, delighted, gratified, joyful, pleased, gay. Glance — glimpse, look. Glitter, to- glare, radiate, shine, sparkle. Glittering— bright, brilliant, shin- ing, sparkling. Gloom — dulness, spleen, moroseness, sadness, sullenness. Gloomy — cloudy, dark, dim, dull, dis- mal, melancholy, morose, sad, sul- len. Glory— fame, honor, praise, renown. Government — administration, con- stitution, regulation, rule. Graceful — becoming, comely, ele- gant. Gracious— benignant, merciful, kind. Grand — dignified, elevated, exalted, great, illustrious, lofty, magnifi- cent, majestic, splendid, sublime, superb. Grant, to— bestow, concede, cede, con- fer, give, yield. Grant — allowance, boon, concession, gift, stipend. [seize. Grasp, to— catch, gripe, lay hold on, Grateful — agreeable,, pleasing, de- licious, thankful. Gratification — fruition, pleasure, enjoyment. Grave — important, sedate, serious, sober, solemn, thoughtful, weighty. Greatness — bulk, dignity, power, grandeur, magnitude, size. Greediness — eagerness, ravenous, rapacious, voracity. Grief — affliction, distress, sadness, melancholy, regret, sorrow. Grieve, to — afflict, bewail, lament, hurt, mourn, sorrow. Group — assemblage, assembly, clus- ter, collection. Grow, to — increase, proceed, vegetate. Guarantee, to— answer for, secure, warrant, Guard, to — defend, protect, shield. Guess, to— conjecture, divine, suppose, surmise. Guest — visitant, visitor. Guide, to— conduct, direct, instruct, lead, regulate, sway. Guilty — criminal, depraved, sinful, wicked. Handsome — beautiful, elegant, fine, graceful, lovely, noble, pretty. Happiness — beatitude, bliss, felicity, Harrass, to — distress, disturb, jade. molest, perplex, tire, weary. 184 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Harbinger — forerunner, precursor, messenger. Hard — arduous, close, insensible, dif- ficult, firm, hardy, near, solid, un- feeling. Hardened — callous, impenetrable, insensible, obdurate, unfeeling. Hardihood — audacity, effrontery, boldness, bravery, daring. Hardly — scarcely," with difficulty. Hardship— grievance, injury, oppres- sion. Harm —damage, evil, burt, injury, ill, misfortune, misbap. Harmless— innocent, inoffensive, un- offending. Harmony — accordance, agreement, concord, melody, unison. Harsh — austere, morose, rigorous, rough, severe. Hasten, to — accelerate, quicken, expe- dite. Hastiness— hurry, precipitancy, rash- ness, speed. Hasty — angry, cursory, irascible, pas- sionate, quick, rash. Hate, to — abhor, abominate, detest, loathe. Hateful — abominable, detestable, execrable, loathsome, odious. Haughtiness — arrogance, disdain, loftiness, pride, self-conceit, vanity. Hazard —chance, danger, peril, risk, venture. Headstrong — forward, obstinate, stubborn, venturesome, violent. Heal, to — cure, reconcile, remedy. Healthy — salubrious, sound, salu- tary, wholesome. Hear, to — attend, hearken, listen, overhear. Hearty — ardent, cordial, healthy, sincere, strong, warm. Heaviness — dejection, gloom, gravi- ty, weight. Heavy — cloudy, dark, drowsy, pon- derous, sorrowful, thick, weighty. Heedless— careless, inattentive, neg- ligent, remiss, thoughtless. Heighten, to — aggravate, improve, raise. Heinous — atrocious, flagitious, fla- grant, wicked. Help, to — aid, assist, relieve, support, serve, succor. Hence — accordingly, consequently, so, thence, therefore, wherefore. Heresy — false doctrine, heterodoxy, schism. Heroic— brave, courageous, fearless, intrepid, noble, valiant. Heroism— bravery, courage,fortitude, gallantry, valor. Hesitate, to — delay, demur, doubt, falter, pause, scruple, stammer. Hidden — concealed, covert, intent, mysterious, occult, secret. Hideous — frightful, ghastly, grim, grisly, horrible. Hilarity — cheerfulness, joviality, gayety, jollity, merriment, mirth. Hinder, to — embarrass, impede, ob« struct, oppose, prevent, retard, stop, thwart. Hold, to — detain, grasp, keep, main- tain, occupy, possess, retain. Honesty — frankness, honor, integri- ty, justice, probity, purity, upright- ness, rectitude, sincerity. Honor, to— adorn, dignif'y, respect, exalt, revere, reverence, venerate. Hope — anticipation, confidence, ex- pectation, trust. Hopeless — despairing, desponding, desperate. Horrible— dreadful, fearful, fright- ful, horrid, terrible, terrific. Hostile — adverse, contrary, opposite, inimical, repugnant. Hostility — animosity, opposition, enmity. House— domicile, dwelling, family, habitation, lineage, race. However — but, nevertheless, not- withstanding, still, yet. Humble — lowiy, modest, submissive, unassuming, unpretending. Humor — caprice, disposition, frame, jocularity, merriment, petulan«e, temper, whim, will. Hurry, to — expedite, hasten, precipi- tate. Hurt — damage, detriment, disadvan- tage, mischief, harm, injury, sorry, grieved. Hurtful — detrimental, injurious, mischievous, pernicious, prejudicial. Hypocrisy — deceit, dissimulation, pretence. Idea — conception, imagination, no- tion, perception, thought. Idle — inactive, indolent, lazy, sloth- ful, unemployed, useless. Ignorant — illiterate, uninformed, unlearned, unlettered, untaught. Ill — evil, misfortune, sick. Illness — disease, disorder, distemper, indisposition, malady, sickness. Illusion— chimera, deception, illu- sion, mockery, phantasm. Imagine, to — apprehend, conceive, contrive, deem, suppose, think. Imbecility— debility, feebleness, in- firmity, weakness. Imbibe, to— absorb, swallow up, take in. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 185 jtMTTATE, to — copy, follow, mimic, mock. Immaterial — spiritual, uncorporeal, unsubstantial, inconsiderable, in- significant, unimportant. Immediately — directly, instantly. Immense — enormous, huge, mon- strous, prodigious. Imminent — impending, threatening. Immoderate — excessive,internperate. Immodest — bold, indecent, indelicate, impudent, shameless. Immunity — exemption, prerogative, privilege. Impair, to — decrease, weaken, injure. Impart, to — communicate, disclose, discover, divulge, grant, reveal. Impatient— eager, furious, hasty. Impeach, to — accuse, arraign, cen- sure. Impede, to — hinder, obstruct, retard. Impediment — hindrance, obstacle. Impel, to — animate, encourage, incite, induce, instigate, move. Impending— threatening, imminent. Imperative — authoritative, imperi- ous, commanding, despotic. Imperfection — detect, fault, failing, foible, frailty, weakness, vice. Imperious— haughty, commanding, domineering, imperative, lordly, over-bearing, tyrannical. Impertinent — insolent, intrusive, irrelevant, meddling, troublesome, officious. Impervious— impenetrable, inaccessi- ble. Impetuous — boisterous, fierce, forci- ble, vehement, violent. Implicate, to— embarrass, entangle, involve. Implore, to — ask, beg, beseech, en- treat, request, solicit, supplicate. Imply, to — denote, involve, signify. Importance — consequence, moment, signification, weight. Imposture — artifice, cheat, deception, delusion, fraud, imposition. Imprecation— anathema, curse, exe- ' cration, malediction. Improve, to— advance, amend, better, correct, emend, mend, rectify, re- form. Impuden* —bold, immodest, imperti- nent, insolent, rude, shameless, saucy. Impute, to — attribute, ascribe. Inability — disability, impotence, im- puissance. Inactive— idle, inert, lazy, slothful, sluggish. Inadequate— incapable, insufficient, incompetent. In attentive— careless, heedless, in- advertent, negligent, thoughtless, remiss. Incessantly — continually, unceas- ingly, unremittingly. Incident— circumstance, event, con- tingency, fact, fortuitous occur- rence. Incite, to — aggravate, animate, en- courage, excite, provoke, stimulate. Include, to — comprehend, contain, comprise, embrace. Incommode, to— annoy, disturb, in- convenience, molest. Incompetent — inadequate, insuffi- cient, incapable, unsuitable. Incongruous — unfit, unsuitable. Inconsistent— absurd, contrary. Inconstant — changeable, fickle, vari- able, versatile. Inconvenience — annoyance, molest- ation. Increase— accession, addition, aug- mentation, growth. Indecent— immodest, indelicate. Indicate, to— mark, show, point out. Indifferent — neutral, regardless, unconcerned. Indigence — need, penury, poverty, want. Indigenous — natal, native. Indignation — anger, resentment, contempt, displeasure, wrath. Indignity — affront, contumely, in- sult, outrage. [fail . Indirect — ambiguous, dishonest, un- Indiscretion — imprudence, rashnes&. Indiscriminate — promiscuous, un- distinguishing. Indispensable — essential, necessary. Indisputable — incontrovertible, in- dubitable, irrefragable, undeniable, unquestionable. Indistinct — ambiguous, confused, dizzy, doubtful, not plain. Individual — identical, particular, single. Induce, to — actuate, influence, insti- gate, persuade, urge. Industrious — active, assiduous, dil- igent, laborious. Inevitable— certain, unavoidable. Inexorable — implacable, relentless, unrelenting. Inexpedient — improper, inconveni- ent, unfit, unsuitable. Infatuation — derangement, folly, madness, stupefaction. Infect, to — contaminate, corrupt, de- file, pollute, taint, vitiate. Inference — conclusion, deduction. Inferior — lower, secondary, subor* dinate, subservient. 186 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Infested — annoyed, plagued, dis- turbed. Infinite — boundless, unbounded, im- mense, illimitable, unlimited. Infirm — debilitated, feeble, ■weak, imbecile. Influence — authority, credit, favor, sway. Information— advice, counsel, intel- ligence, instruction, notice. Infringe, to — encroach, infract, in- trude, invade, violate. Ingenious— inventive, talented, wit- ty. Ingenuity —capacity, wit, cleverness, genius, invention, talents. Ingenuous — artless, candid, frank, fair, honest, open, plain. Inhabit, to — dwell, occupy, reside, so- journ. Inherent— inbred, inborn, innate. Inhuman — barbarous, brutal, savage, cruel. Inimical — adverse, contrary, hostile, opposite, repugnant. Iniquitous — nefarious, wicked, un- just. Injunction— command, mandate, or- der, precept. Injure, to — damage, impair, deterior- ate, hurt. iNNAte — inborn, inbred, inherent, natural. Innocent — blameless, inoffensive, faultless, guiltless, ^harmless, spot- less. Inordinate — disorderly, excessive, intemperate, irregular. Inquisitive — curious, prying. Insanity — derangement, lunacy,mad- ness, mania. Insensibility— apathy, indifference, stupidity, torpor. Insidious— crafty, sly, cunning, sub- tle, treacberous. Insight — inspection, introspection, knowledge, view. Insignificant — immaterial, inconsid- erable, trivial, unimportant. Insinuate, to — hint, ingratiate, inti- mate, suggest, wheedle. Insolent — abusive, impertinent, of- fensive, opprobrious, rude, saucy, scurrilous. Inspire, to — animate, cheer, exhilar- ate, enliven. Instigate, to — animate, encourage, impel, incite, move, stimulate, urge. Instil, to — infuse, insinuate. Instruction — advice, counsel, educa- tion, precept, teaching. Insufficient —inadequate, incompe- tent, incapable, unfit, unsuitable. Insult — affront, contempt, indignity, insolence, outrage. Integral — complete, entire, total, whole. Integrity — honesty, purity, probity. uprightness. Intellect — genius, talent, under- standing. Intelligence — information, intel- lect, knowledge, notice, understand- ing. ^Intemperate — excessive, immoder- ate, inordinate, passionate.. S^ Intend, to — design, mean, purpose. Intense— ardent, strained, vehement. Intercede — interfere, interpose, me- diate. Interline— addition, alteration, cor- rection, insertion. Intermission — cessation, interrup- tion, rest, stop. Intermit, to — abate, cease, forbear, subside, suspend. Internal — inner, intrinsic, inward, real. Interpose, to — intercede, interfere, intermeddle, mediate. Interpret, to — decipher, elucidate, explain, expound. Interrogate, to — ask, examine, in- quire of, question. Interrupt, to — disturb, hinder, inter- pose, obtrude, stop. Interval — interstice, space, time, vacuity. Intervening — coming between, in- termediate, interposing. [gest. Intimate, to — hint, insinuate, sug^ Intimidate, to — alarm, dastardize, daunt, frighten. Intoxication— drunkenness, inebri- ety, infatuation. Intractable — obstinate, ungoverna- ble, stubborn, unmanageable, un- toward. Intrepid — bold, courageous, daring, fearless, undaunted, valiant. Intricacy — complication, complexity, involution, perplexity. Intrinsic— genuine, inward, internal, native, real, true. Introduce, to — preface, present, bring into notice, or practice. Introductory — prefatory, prelimina.- ry, previous. Intrude, to — encroach, force in, in- fringe, entrench, invade, obtrude. Intrust, to— commit, confide. Invade, to — attack, encroach, enter by force, infringe, intrude. Invalid— feeble, infirm, sick, weak. Invalidate, to — destroy, enfeeble, weaken. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 187 Invective— abuse, censure, satire, re- proach. Invent, to— contrive, devise, discov- er, fabricate, frame. Invest, to— overturn, overthrow, re- verse, subvert. Invest, to — adorn, array, confer, en- due, endow, enclose, surround. Investigation — examination, inqui- ry, research, scrutiny, search. Inveterate — coniirmed, obstinate, established, fixed. Invidious— envious, malignant. Invigorate, to— fortify, strengthen. Invincible— insuperable, unconquer- able. Involve, to — entangle, enwrap, im- plicate, mingle. Ikascible— angry, fiery, hasty, hot. jLbe — anger, indignation, passion, re- sentment, wrath. Irony — burlesque, ridicule, satire, sarcasm. Irrational— silly, unreasonable, fool- ish. Irrefragable— incontrovertible, in- disputable, indubitable, undenia- ble, unquestionable. Irregular — disorderly, eccentric, irnmethodical, inordinate, intem- pei'ate. Irritate, to — aggravate, exasperate, excite, fret, provoke, tease. Irruption — bursting forth, inroad, incursion, invasion. Issue — consequence, effect, egress, evacuation, event, olfspring, pas- sage, progeny, result, sequel. Issue, to— break out, emanate, flow, send forth, spring. Jade, to— dispirit, harass, weary, tire. Jealousy — envy, emulation, suspi- cion. Jest, to— joke, make game, sport. Jocose — facetious, jocular, merry, pleasant, waggish, witty. Jocund — gay, light-hearted, lively, merry, mirthful, sprightly, sportive, vivacious. Join, to — add, adhere, coalesce, close, confederate, league, unite, combine. Joke, to— jest, rally, sport. Jollity — festivity, gayety, hilarity, joviality, merriment, mirth. Journey — tour, travel, voyage, trip. Jcy — charm, ecstasy, delight, exulta- tion, felicity, gladness, happiness, pleasure, rapture, transport. Judgment — decision, discernment, discrimination, doom, intelligence, opinion, penetration, sagacity, sen- tence. Just— accurate, barely, exact, honest, equitable, incorrupt, righteous, up- right. Justify, to— absolve, clear, defend, excuse, exculpate, maintain. Justness — accuracy, equity, correct- ness, exactness, propriety. Keen — acute, cutting, penetrating, piercing, sharp, shrewd. Keep, to — detain, guard, hold, main- tain, reserve, suppcrt, retain, sus- tain. Kind — affable, benignant, bland, com- passionate, courteous, gentle, leni- ent, indulgent, tender. Kind — class, genus, manner, race, sort, species, way. Knowledge— acquaintance, learning, erudition, perception, skill. Labor, to— -drudge, exert, strive, toil, work. Laconic — brief, concise, succinct, j short. j Lament, to — bewail, complain, grieve, I deplore, mourn, regret. I Language — dialect, idiom, speech, j tongue. i Languid— drooping, dull, exhausted, J faint, weak. I Large — big, capacious, comprehen- sive, extensive, great, huge. Lassitude — enervation, weariness, fatigue, languor. Last — final, hindmost, latest, ulti- mate. Lasting — continual, continuous, dur- able, permanent, perpetual. Latent— hidden, occult, secret. Laudable — commendable, praise- worthy. Laughable — comical, droll, mirthful, ludicrous, ridiculous. Lavish — extravagant, prodigal, pro- fuse, wasteful. Lazy — idle, inactive, indolent, sloth- ful. Lean, to — bend, incline, waver. Learning — erudition, knowledge, lit- erature, science. Leave, to — abandon, bequeath, de- sert, relinquish, reject, resign. Legitimate — genuine, legal, lawful. Leisure — convenient, free, slowly, idle, vacant. [tract. Lengthen, to — draw out, extend, pro- Lenity — clemency, mercy. Lessen, to — abate, decrease, shrink, degrade, diminish, reduce, subside. Let, to — allow, hire, leave, permit, suf- fer. Lethargic — drowsy, heavy, sleepy. Level— even, flat, plain, smooth. Levity— fickleness, gayety, giddiness, lightness, volatility. 188 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Liable — exposed, obnoxious, subject. Liberal — charitable, generous, mu- nificent. Liberate, to — deliver, free, set free. Liberty —exemption, freedom, per- mission, leave, license, privilege. Lie — fabrication, falsehood, fiction. Life — animation, vivacity, brisk- ness. Lifeless — dead, inanimate, inactive. Liet, to — elevate, exalt, hoist, raise. Light, to — enlighten, illuminate, lighten. Like— resembling, uniform, similar. Likeness — effigy, picture, portrait. Liking — affection, attachment, fond- ness, Linger, to — delay, hesitate, loiter, lag, saunter, tarry. Liquid— fluid, juice, liquor. Liquidate — abate, decrease, lessen, diminish, lower ,pay. Listen, to— attend to, hearken. Little — diminutive, small. Live, to — dwell, exist, reside, subsist. Lively— active, agile, brisk, jocund, nimble, sprightly, vigorous. Lodge, to — entertain, harbor, shelter. Loftiness— dignity, height, pride, el- evation, haughtiness. Loiter, to — lag, finger, saunter. Lonely— dismal, lonesome, solitary. Look, to — behold, eye, inspect, view. Loose — dissolute, licentious, slack, unrestrained, unconnected, untied. Loquacious — garrulous, talkative. Loss— damage, detriment. Lot — destiny, fate, fortune, portion. Loud — clamorous, noisy, turbulent, vehement, vociferous. Love — affection, attachment, fond- ness, kindness, liking. \ Lovely — amiable, beautiful, charm- ing, delightful, fine, handsome. Lover— suiter, wooer. Loving — affectionate, amorous, kind. Low — abject, base, dejected, despica- ble, humble, lowly, mean, not loud. Lower, to — debase, degrade, humili- ate. Lucky — fortunate, prosperous, suc- cessful. Ludicrous — comical, droll, laughable. Lunacy— derangement, insanity mad- ness, mania. Luxuriant — abundant, exuberant. Luxury — delicious, luxurious, pro- fuseness, sumptuousness. Madness — derangement, insanity, fren2y, fury, lunacy, mania, rage. Magnificent- -splendid, grand, sub- lime, superb. Magnitude— bulk, greatness, size. Maintain, m— assert, continue, de« fend, support, sustain, vindicate. Make, to— compel, compose, constrain, create, form, force, produce. Malady — disease, disorder, distem- per. Malice — grudge, rancor, spite. Malicious— malevolent, malignant. Malignant — envious, malicious. Manage, to — concert, contrive, direct. Mandate — charge, command, order, injunction. Mangle, to — lacerate, maim, tear, mutilate, smooth linen. Mania — derangement, insanity, lu- nacy, madness. Manifest — apparent, clear, obvious, open, plain. Manner — behavior, habits, morals. Margin — border, brim, brink, con- fine, edge, rim, verge. Mark, to— brand, impress, imprint, observe, remark, show, stamp. Mark — badge, impression, indication, stamp, symptom, token, vestige, trace, track. Marriage — matrimony, nuptials, wedding, wedlock. Martial — brave, military, warlike. Marvel — miracle, wonder, prodigy. Massive— bulky, heavy, ponderous. Master — chief, director, head, owner, possessor, teacher, proprietor. Master, to — conquer, overcome. Matter — affair, body,cause, material, subject, substance. Mature — complete, perfect, ripe. Maxim — adage, apothegm, saying, aphorism, proverb. Mean — abject, despicable, low, nig- gardly, penurious, sordid. Meaning — import, intention, purpose, sense, signification. Meanwhile — interim, intervening, meantime. [tive. Mechanic — artificer, artisan, opera- Meddle, to — interfere, interpose, mix. Mediate, to — intercede, interpose. Meek — gentle, humble, mild soft. Meet, to — assemble, encounter, join. Meeting — assembly, auditory, com. pany, congregation, encountering. Melancholy— -dejection, depression, distress, gloomy, sadness. Melody — concord, harmony, unison. Melt, to — dissolve, liquefy, soften. Memory— recollection, reminiscence,, remembrance. Mend, to — correct, improve, rectify. MebcifuIj — benignant, compassion- ate, gracious, mild, tender. Merciless — cruel', hard-hearted, piti- less, unmerciful. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 189 Mercy— clemency, lenity, pity. Merry — cheerful, gay, joyous, lively, mirthful, sportive, sprightly, viva- cious. Messenger —carrier, forerunner, har- binger, precursor. Metaphor — allegory, emblem, figure, symbol. Method— manner, mode, order, regu- larity, rule, system. Middle — interim, measure, mode- rate, mediocrity, medium. Mighty— potent, powerful. Mild — easy, gentle, kind, mellow, meek, sweet, soft, tender. Mindful— attentive, heedful, obser- vant, regardful. Minister, to — administer, attend on, contribute, supply. Mirth — cheerfulness, hilarity, joy, jollity, merriment, vivacity. Mischief — damage, evil or ill, hurt, harm, injury, misfortune. Miserly— avaricious, parsimonious, niggardly, penurious. Misfortune — calamity, disaster, ill- luck, harm, mishap. Mistake — blunder, error, misconcep- tion, [cion, Mistrust — diffidence, doubt, suspi- Misuse— abuse, misapply, pervert. Mitigate, to — abate, alleviate, ap- pease, assuage, mollify, soothe. Model — archetype, copy, pattern, specimen. Moderation — frugality, forbearance, modesty, sobriety, temperance. Modern — new, novel, recent. Modest— bashful, diffident, reserved, unassuming. Modify, to— alter, change, extenuate, moderate. Molest, to — annoy, disturb, incom- mode, tease, vex, trouble. Mollify, to — appease, assuage, miti- gate, moderate, soften. Morose — gloomy, splenetic, sullen. Motive — cause, principle, reason. Mourn, to— bewail, grieve, lament, fret. Move, to — actuate, instigate, incite, induce, influence, persuade. Munificent — beneficent, bountiful, bounteous, generous, liberal. Muse, to— contemplate, ponder, med- itate, reflect, study, wonder, think. Mutable — alterable, fickle, changea- ble, inconstant, irresolute, unstable, unsteady, variable, wavering. Mutilate, to — deprive, destroy, de- face, injure, maim, mangle. Mutinous — seditious, tumultuous, turbulent. Mutual — reciprocal. Mysterious — dark, dim, hidden, la* tent, mystic, obscure, occult. 1 Naked — exposed, plain, rude, simple^ uncovered, unclothed. Name — appellation, cognomen, credit, denomination, reputation, title. Narrow — confined, contracted, lim- ited. Native— genuine, indigenous, intrin- sic. Near, to — adjacent, close, contiguous. Necessary — essential, expedient, in- dispensable, needful, requisite. Necessity — emergency, exigency, need, occasion, want. Need — indigence, penury, poverty, want. Nefarious — unjust, wicked, iniqui- tous. Negligent— careless, heedless, inat- tentive, neglectful, remiss. New — fresh, modern, novel, recent. Nigh — adjacent, close, contiguous, near. Noele — elevated, exalted, grand, great, illustrious. Noisy — clamorous, high, sounding, loud. Noted — celebrated, conspicuous, dis- tinguished, eminent, illustrious, no- torious, renowned. Notice — advice, intelligence,warning. Notion — conception, idea, opinion, perception, sentiment, thought. Notorious— conspicuous, noted, dis- tinguished, public, renowned. Notwithstanding — however, in spite of, nevertheless, yet. Nourish, to— cherish, maintain, nur- ture, support. Obdurate — callous, hardened, impen- itent, inflexible, insensible, obsti- nate, unfeeling. Obedient — compliant, dutiful, obse- quious, respectful, submissive. Object — aim, end, subject. Object, to — against, except to, oppose, urge. Objection — demur, doubt, exception, difficulty, hesitation, opposition. Oblige, to — bind, compel, coerce, en- gage, favor, force, gratify, please. Obnoxious — exposed, offensive, sub- ject. Obscure — abstruse, concealed, dark, indistinct, hidden, occult. Observance — attention, ceremony, form, respect, right. Observant — attentive, Tegardful, mindful, watchful. Observe, to— follow, fulfill, look on, keep, remark, watch. 190 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Obsolete — ancient, antique, anti- quated, disused, old-fashioned, old. Obstacle — difficulty, hindrance, im- pediment, obstruction. Obstinate — headstrong, inflexible, opinionated, pertinacious, resolute, stubborn. Obstruct, to — bar, block up, hinder, impede, prevent. Obtain, to — acquire, attain, earn, gain, procure, win. Obvious — apparent, clear, evident, manifest, open, plain, visible. Occasion— occurrence, opportunity, necessity. Occasional— casual, incidental, ir- regular. Occupation — avocation, business, calling, employment, profession, trade. Occupy, to — hold, possess, use. Occurrence — adventure, incident, contingency. Odor— fragrance, perfume, scent. Offend, to — despise, displease vex. Offence — crime, indignity, injury, in- sult, misdeed, outrage, transgres- sion, trespass. Offensive — abusive, impertinent, in- jurious, insulting, insolent, obnox- ious, opprobrious, rude, scurrilous. Offering — oblation, presentation. Officious — active, busy, forward, in- trusive, obtrusive. Only— alone, barely, merely, simply, singly, solely. Open — candid, clear, evident, frank, free, ingenuous, plain, sincere. Open, to — disclose, reveal, unclose, un- lock. Opening — aperture, cavity. Operation— action, agency, surgical act. Opinion — notion, sentiment. Opinionated — conceited, egotistical, obstinate, opinionative. Opponent— adversary, antagonist, en- emy, foe. Opposite — adverse, contrary, inimi- cal, repugnant. Opprobrious — abusive, insulting, in- solent, offensive, scurrilous. Opprobrium — disgrace, ignominy, in- famy, Option — choice, election. Oration— address, harangue, speech, discourse. Ordain, to — appoint, order, prescribe, invest. Order — class, degree, fraternity, method, rank, series, succession. Order— command, injunction, man- date, precept. Orderly — methodical, systematic, regular. Ordinary— common, mean, usual. Origin — beginning, cause, descent, fountain, original, reason, source, rise. Original— first, primary, primitive, pristine. Ornament, to — adorn, embellish, beautify, deck, decorate. Ornate — adorned, bedecked, decorat- ed, embellished, garnished. Ostensible — colorable, feasible, pro- fessed, plausible, specious. Ostentation — boasting, display, pa- rade, show, vaunting. Outrage — affront, insult, violence. Outlive, to— survive. Outward— extraneous, exterior, ex- ternal, extrinsic, outer. Overbearing — domineering, imperi- ous, lordly. Overcome — conquer, subdue, sur- mount, vanquish. Overflow, to — abound, deluge, fill, inundate. Overreach, to — circumvent, deceive. Oversight — error, inattention, in- spection, mistake, superintendence. Overwhelm, to— bear down, crush, overbear, overpower, subdue. Owner — master, possessor, proprie- tor. Pacify, to — appease, calm, quiet, still. Pain — agony, anguish, distress, suffer- ing, torment. Paint, to— color, delineate, depict, de- scribe, portray, sketch, represent. Pair — brace, couple. Pale— fair, pallid, wan, white. Palliate, to— cover, extenuate, gloss, varnish. Palpable — coarse, perceptible by the touch, discernible, gross, plain. Palpitate, to— flutter, beat, gasp, pant. Panegyric — encomium, praise, eu- logy. Pang — agony, anguish, distress, pain, torment. Parasite — flatterer, sycophant. Pardon, to — absolve, acquit, clear, discbarge, forgive, remit, set free. Parsimonious — avaricious, miserly* niggardly, penurious. Part— action, concern, division, piece, portion, share. Particular — appropriate, circum- stantial, distinct, exact, exclusive, nice, peculiar, punctual, specific. Particularly — chiefly, distinctly, es» pecially, specifically, principally. DICTIONARY OF STNONTMS. 191 Partisan .— adherent, follower, dis- ciple. Partner — associate, coadjutor, col- league. Passion— anger, excitement, love. Passionate — angry, excitable, hot, hasty, irascible. Passive — calm, patient, quiescent, re- signed, submissive, unresisting. Pathetic— affecting, touching, mov- ing. Patience — endurance, fortitude, pas- sivity, resignation. Patient — an invalid, composed, calm, enduring, passive. Peaceable — calm, gentle, pacific, mild, quiet, serene, tranquil, undis- turbed. Peculiar — appropriate, exclusive, particular. Peevish — captious, cross, fretful, ir- ritable, petulant. Penalty — chastisement, fine, for- feiture, mulct, punishment. Penetrate, to — bore, periorate,pierce. Penetrating — acuteness, discerning, discriminating, sagacious. Penitence — compunction, remorse, contrition, repentance. Penurious — beggarly, miserly, nig- gardly, parsimonious, sparing. Penury — indigence, need, poverty, want. [observe. Perceive, to — discern, distinguish, Perception — conception, sensation, idea, notion, sentiment. Peremtory— absolute, arbitrary, des- potic, dogmatical, positive. Perfect — complete, finished. Perfidious — faithless, treacherous. Perforate, to — bore, pierce, pene- trate. Perform, to — accomplish, achieve, ef- fect, execute, fulfill, produce. Perfume — fragrance, odor, smell, scent. Period — age, date, era, epoch, time. Perjure, to — forswear, suborn. Permit, to — admit, allow, consent, suffer, tolerate, yield. Pernicious — destructive, hurtful, mischievous, noisome, noxious. Perpetual — continuous, constant, incessant, unceasing, uninterrupt- edly. Perplex, to— confuse, embarrass, en- tangle, harass, molest, puzzle. Persevere, to— continue, insist, per- sist, prosecute, pursue. Pespicuity — transparency, clearness, translucency. Persuade, to — entice, exhort, influ- ence, prevail upon, urge. Pertinent— apposite, appropriate. Perverse — cross, crooked, froward, stubborn, untractable. Pestilential— contagious, epidemi- cal, infectious, mischievous. Petition— entreaty, prayer, 6uit, re- quest, supplication. Picture — effigy, image, likeness, rep- resentation. Pious — devout, godly, holy, spiritual, religious. Pique — grudge, malice, offence, ran- cor, spite. Pity — compassion, commiseration, condolence, mercy, sympathy. Place — ground, post, "position, seat, site, situation, space. Place, to — dispose, lay, order, put, set. Placid — calm, quiet, serene, tranquil. Plague, to — annoy, harass, impor- tune, molest, tantalize, tease, tor- ment, trouble, vex. Plain — apparent, clear, distinct, evi- dent, manifest, obvious, visible. Plan — contrivance, design, device, project, scheme, stratagem. Plausible— colorable, feasible, osten- sible, specious. Pleasant — agreeable, cheerful, face- tious, gay, jocular, witty. Please, to — delight, gratify, humor, satisfy. Pleasure — delight, enjoyment, hap- piness, joy. Pledge — deposit, earnest, hostage, security. Plentiful — abundant, ample, copi- ous, exuberant, plenteous. Pliant — bending, flexible, pliable, lithe, limber, supple, yielding. Plight— case, condition, predicament, situation, state. Plot — cabal, combination, scheme, conspiracy, intrigue, plan. Polite — civil, courteous, polished, genteel, refined, well-bred. Politeness— affability, civility, cour- teousness, courtesy, good manners. Politic — artful, civil, cunning, pru- dent. Pollute, to — contaminate, corrupt, defile, infect, taint, vitiate. I Pompous— dignified, lofty, magiste- rial, magnificent, stately. Ponder, to — consider, muse, reflect, think. Portion — division, dower, fortune, part, quantity, share. Position — place, post, situation, sta- tion. Positive — certain, confident, dogmat* ical, real. 192 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. J Possess, to — have, hold, occupy. Postpone, to— defer, delay, retard, procrastinate, prolong, protract. Posture — action, attitude, gesture, position. Potent — forcible, mighty, powerful, strong, vigorous. Poverty — indigence, need, penury, want. Powerful — mighty, influential, po- tent, strong, vigorous. Practicable — feasible, possible, prac- tical. ractice — custom, habit, manner, use. Pbaise, to — admire, applaud, com- mend, eulogize, laud, panegyrize. Prayer — entreaty, petition, suit, re- quest, supplication. Precarious— doubtful, equivocal, du- bious, uncertain. Precedence — pre-eminence, prefer- ence, priority. Precedent— example. Preceding — antecedent, anterior, foregoing, former, previous, prior. Precept— doctrine, law, injunction, mandate, maxim, principle, rule. Precious — costly, uncommon, valua- ble, [nice. Precise — accurate, correct, exact, Preclude, to — hinder, obviate, pre- vent. Precursor — forerunner, harbinger, messenger. Predicament— condition, plight, sit- uation. Predict, to — foretell, prognosticate, prophesy. Predominate — overruling, prevalent, prevailing, supreme. Preface— introduction, proem, pre- lude. Prefer, to — advance, choose, for- ward, encourage, promote. Prefer KKqjs — choice, precedence, priority. fence. Preferment — advancement, prefer- Pregnant — big, enciente, large. Prejudice — bias, detriment, disad- vantage, hurt, injury, preposses- sion. Preliminary — antecedent, introduc- tory, preparatory, previous. Prepare, to— equip, make ready, fit, qualify. Preposterous — absurd, irrational, foolish. Prerogative — immunity, privilege. Prescribe, to— appoint, dictate, or- dain. Preserve, to— keep, protect, save, spare. Pressing — crowding, emergent, fore. ing, importunate, squeezing, ur- gent. Presume — believe, conjecture, sup- pose, surmise, think. Presuming — arrogant, presumptive, forward, presumptuous. Pretend, to — affect, feign, stimulate. Pretext — excuse, pretence, preten- sion. Pretty— agreeable, beautiful, fine. Prevailing — dominant, overcoming, prevalent, ruling, succeeding. Prevent, to — anticipate, hinder, im- pede, obstruct, obviate, preclude. Previous — anterior, introductory, preliminary, prior. Price— charge, cost, expense, value, worth. Pride — arrogance, conceit, haughti- ness, loftiness, self-esteem, ostenta- tion, vanity. Primary — first, original, primitive, pristine. Principal — capital, chief, essential, head, important, main. Principle — constituent part, element, doctrine, motive, tenet, fundamen- tal truth. Print —impression, mark, stamp. Prior — antecedent, anterior, preced- ing, former, previous. Priority — precedence, preference, pre-eminence. Pristine— first, original, primitive. Privacy— loneliness, retirement, se- clusion, secrecy, solitude. Privilege — advantage, exemption, immunity, perogative, right. Pbobability— chance, likelihood. Probity— honesty, integrity, upright- ness, veracity. Proceed, to— advance, arise, emanate, issue, progress. Proceeding to— course, progression, transaction. Proclaim, to— advertise, announce, declare, promulgate, publish, tell. Proclivity — inclination, tendency, proneness. Procure, to — acquire, gain, obtain. Prodigal — extravagant, wasteful, lavish, profuse. Prodigious — amazing, enormous, monstrous, vast. Profane — impious, irreligious, irrev- erent, secular. Profession — avocation, business, calling, employment, vocation. Proficiency —"advancement, im- provement, progress. Profit— advantage, benefit, e»(Ao< ment, gain. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 198 Profligate— abandoned, corrupt, de- praved, vicious, wicked. Profuse — extravagant, lavish, prodi- ^ gaL - d • Progeny — issue, offspring, race. Progress — advancement, gradation, motion, proficiency. Project — design, plan, scheme. Prolific — fertile, fruitful. Prolix— diffuse, long, tedious. Prolong, to — delay, extend, postpone, procrastinate, protract, retard. Prominent — conspicuous, protube- rant. Promiscuous — mingled, indiscrimi- nate. Promise — assurance, declaration, en- gagement, word. Promote, to — advance, encourage, forward, prefer. Prompt — active, assiduous, ready. Pronounce, to — affirm, articulate, de- *" clare, speak, utter. /•roof — argument, demonstration, evidence, testimony. Propagate, to — circulate, diffuse, dis- seminate, increase, multiply. Propensity — inclination, proneness, bias, tendency. Proper— fit, just, right, suitable. Propitious -auspicious, favorable. Propitiate, to — appease, reconcile, atone, conciliate. Proportion— form, rate, relation, ra- tio, size, symmetry. Proportionate — adequate, equal, commensurate. Propose, to— bid, intend, offer, pur- pose, tender. Prospect — landscape, survey, view. Prospective ■ foreseeing, forward, future. Prosperous — flourishing, fortunate, lucky, successful. Protect, to — cherish, defend, foster, guard, patronize, shelter, shield. Protract, to — defer, delay, postpone, prolong, retard. Proud— arrogant, assuming, conceit- ed, haughty, lofty, vain. Proverb— adage, aphorism, maxim, apothegm, by-word, saw, saying. Provide, to— furnish, prepare, pro- cure, supply. Provident — careful, economical, cau- tious, foresight, prudent. Proviso— condition, stipulation. Provoke, to — aggravate, exasperate, enrage, excite, irritate, tantalize. Prudence — carefulness, discretion, forethought, judgment, wisdom. Publish, to — advertise, announce, de- clare, proclaim, promulgate. Puerile— boyish, childish, juvenile. Pull, to— drag, draw, gather, hale, haul, pluck, lug. Punctual— exact, nice, particular. Punish, to — chastise, correct, disci- pline. Pursue, to— chase, continue, follow, persevere, persist, prosecute. Puzzle, to — bewilder, embarrass, confound, entangle, perplex. Quack — charlatan, empiric, preten- der. Qualified — adapted, competent,^ fitted. Sg? L Qualify, to — adapt, equip, furnish, fit, modify, prepare, temper. Quality— accomplishment, attribute, distinction, property, rank. Quarrel — affray, altercation, con- test, contention, dispute, tumult. Query — inquiry, interrogatory, ques- tion. Question, to— ask, dispute, doubt, examine, inquire, interrogate. Questionable — doubtful, suspicious. Quick — active, expeditious, brisk, pregnant, prompt, swift. Quiet — calm, ease, peaceable, placid, rest, repose, still, tranquillity. Quit, to— abandon, forsake, leave, re- sign, relinquish. Quota— proportion, rate, share. Quote— adduce, cite. Pace — breed, course, family, genera- tion, lineage, progress. Radiance— brightness, brilliancy. Page — anger, choler, fury. Raise to — advance, collect, elevate, heighten, erect, exalt, propagate. Rally, to — banter, collect, deride, mock, ridicule. Rank— class, degree, fruitful. Ransom, to — free, redeem, manumit. Rapacious — greedy, ravenous, vora- cious. Rapidity— agility, celerity, fleetnesa, speed, swiftness, velocity. Rapture— ecstacy, transport. Rare — excellent, incomparable, raw, scarce, singular, uncommon. Rash— hasty, headstrong, precipitate, thoughtless, violent. Rate — assessment, degree, propor- tion, price, quota, ratio, scold, value. [cious. Ravenous — greedy, rapacious, vora- Ray — beam, gleam, glimmer. Ready— apt,dexterous,facile, prompt. Real — actual, genuine, positive, true. Realize, to — achieve, accomplish, complete, consummate, effect. Reason— argument, motive, origin, proof, purpose, understanding. 194 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Reason able — equitable, fair, just, honest, moderate, rational. Rebuke — censure, expostulation, re- proach., reprimand, reproof. / Recant, to— abjure, recall, retract, renounce, revoke. Recede, to— fall back, retrogade, re- tire, retreat. Recipkocal— alternate, mutual. Recite, to— recapitulate, rehearse, re- peat. Reckon, to — calculate, count, com- pute, estimate, number. Reclaim, to — correct, recover, reform. Recollection — memory, reminis- cence, remembrance. Recompense— compensation, equiva- lent, remuneration, reward, satis- faction. Reconcile — conciliate, propitiate. Recruit, to — recover, replace, repair, retrieve. Rectify, to— amend, emend, correct, improve, mend, reform. Rectitude — straightness, upright- ness. Redeem, to — recover, rescue, ransom. Redress — amendment, remedy, re- lief. Refer, to — allude, appeal, hint, inti- mate, suggest. Refined — elegant, genteel, polite, polished. Relect, to— consider, censure, muse, ponder, reproach, think. Reform, to— amend, better, correct, improve, rectify. Refractory — contumacious,perverse, ungovernable, unruly. Refrain, to — abstain, forbear, spare. Refresh, to — cool, renew, refrigerate, revive. Refute, to — confute, disprove, op- pugn. Regale, to — entertain, feast, gratify, refresh. Regard, to — esteem, heed, mind, ob- serve, respect, reverence, value. Regardless — heedless, indifferent, negligent, unconcerned, unobserv- ant. Region — country, district, quarter. Regret, to— complain, grieve, lament, repent. Regulate, to — adjust, direct, rule, dispose, govern. Rehearse — recapitulate, recite, re- peat. Reject, to — decline, repel, refuse. Rejoinder — answer, reply, replica- tion, response. Eelev ant -^ apposite, fit, pertinent, proper, to the purpose. Reliance — confidence, dependence, repose, trust. y ''Relieve — aid, alleviate, assist, help, mitigate, succor. Religious — devout, holy, pious. Remain, to — abide, await, continue, sojourn, stay, tarry. Remainder — remnant, residue, rest. Remains — leavings, relics. Remark — annotation, observation, comment, note. [lection. Reminiscence— remembrance, recol- Remiss — careless, heedless, inatten- tive, negligent, thoughtless. Remit, to — abate, absolve, forgive, lib- erate, pardon, relax, transmit. Remorse — contrition, penitence. Renew, to — refresh, renovate, revive. Renounce, to — abandon, abdicate, forego, quit, relinquish, resign. Renown— celebrity, fame, reputation. Repair, to — recover, restore, retrieve. Reparation — amends, restoration, restitution. Repartee — reply, retort. Repeal, to — abolish, abrogate, annul, concel, destroy, revoke. E,epeat, to — do again, recapitulate, recite, rehearse. Repetition — recital, tautology. Replenish, to — fill, refill, supply. Repose — ease, quiet, rest, sleep. Reprehensible — blamable, censura- ble, culpable, reprovable. Reproach, to — blame, condemn, cen- sure, reprove, upbraid. [sion. Reproof — blame, censure, reprehen- Reprove, to — chide, rebuke, repri- mand. Repugnace- antipathy, aversion, dis* like, hatred. Repugnant — adverse, contrary, hos* tile, inimical, opposite. Reputation — character, renown, credit, fame, honor, repute. Request, to— ask, beg, beseech, de- mand, entreat, implore, solicit. Requisite — essential, expedient, nec- essary. Research — examination, inquiry, in« vestigation. Resemblance — likeness, similarity, similitude. Reservation — reserve, retention. Residence — abode, domicile, dwell- ing. Residue — remainder, remnant, rest. Resign, to— abdicate, forego, give up, relinquish, renounce. Resignation — acquiescence, endur* ance, patience, submission. Resist, to — oppose, thwart, witlr stand. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 195 Resolute — courage, decision, deter- mined, fixed, steady. Resolution — courage, decision, de- termination, firmness, fortitude. Resort, to — frequent, haunt. Resource — expedient, means, resort. Respect — attention, consideration, deference, esteem, estimation re- gard. Respectful — civil, dutiful, obedient. Respite — interval, reprieve, suspen- sion. Response— answer, rejoinder, reply, replication. Responsible — accountable,amenable, answerable. Rest — cessation, ease, intermission, quiet, repose, stop, otters, remain- der. Restore, to — cure, give up, repay, re- turn, render. Restoration — amends, reparation, restitution. Restrain, to — coerce, constrain, limit, repress, restrict. Restrict, to — bind, circumscribe, con- fine, limit. Result — consequence, effect, event, issue. Retain, to — detain, hold, reserve, keep. Retaliation — repayment, reprisal. Retard, to — defer, delay, hinder, postpone, procrastinate, prolong, protract. Retire, to — recede, retreat, secede, withdraw. Retract, to — abjure, recall, recant, revoke. Retrieve, to — recover, regain. Reveal, to — communicate, disclose, divulge, impart. Revenge, to — avenge, vindicate. Revere, to — adore, reverence, vene- rate. Reverse, to — change, subvert, over- turn. Review — notice, revision, survey. Revtvb, to — refresh, renew, renovate, reanimate. Revoke, to— abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, repeal, retract. Reward — compensation, recompense, remuneration, requital, satisfaction. Riches — opulence, wealth, affluence. Ridicule, to — banter, deride, laugh at, lampoon, mock, rally, satirize. Ridiculous — absurd, preposterous, droll, ludicrous. Right— claim, direct, just, proper, im- munity, privilege, straight. Righteous— equitable, godly, honest, incorrupt, just, upright, vutuousi Ripeness— maturity, perfection. Rite— ceremony, form, observance. Rivalry — competition, emulation. Road — course, path, route, way. Roam, to — ramble, range, wander, rove, stroll. Room — apartment, chamber, space. Rough — harsh, rude, rugged, severe, stormy, uncivil, unpolished. Round— circuit, globe, orb, sphere, step, tour. Route — course, road, way. Rude — coarse, impertinent, impu- dent, rough, saucy, unpolished. Rule— government, guide, maxim, method, law, regulation, precept. Ruse — artifice, fraud, trick, wile. Sacrament — communion, eucharist, Lord's Supper. Sacred— divine, devoted, holy. Sad— dejected, gloomy, melancholy, mournful, sorrowful. Sagacity — acuteness, discernment, penetration. Sailor— mariner, seaman. Salary — hire, pay, stipend, wages. Sanction, to — countenance, ratify, support. Sapient — sagacious, sage, wise. Sarcasm — irony, ridicule, satire. Satiate, to — cloy, glut, satisfy. Satisfaction — atonement, content- ment, remuneration^ reward. Satisfy, to — cloy, gratify, please, glut, satiate. Saving — economical, frugal, penuri- ous, sparing, stingy, thrifty. Saying — adage, aphorism, maxim, apothegm, by-word, proverb, relat- ing, speaking. Scandal — discredit, disgrace, infamy, reproach. Scarcity — dearth, penury. Scarce — singular, rare. Scatter, to— disperse, spread, dissi- pate. Scent — fragrance, odor, perfume, smell. Scoff, to — jeer, jibe, sneer. Scope — aim, drift, tendency. Scruple, to — doubt, fluctuate, hesi- tate. Scrupulous — cautious, careful, con- scientious. Scrutinize — examine, investigate, pry, search. Scurrilous — abusive, insolent, in- sulting, offensive, opprobrious. Search — examination, investigation, inquiry, pursuit, scrutiny. Secede, to— recede, retire, withdraw. Seclusion — loneliness, retireaoeB\ privacy, solitude, 19« DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Secondary — inferior, subordinate, second. Secret — clandestine, covert, hidden, concealed, latent, mysterious. Secular — temporal, worldly. Secure, to — be certain, guarantee, guard, make sure. Secure — certain, confident, safe, sure. Security — defence, deposit, guard, pledge, protection, safety. Sedate— calm, composed, quiet, still, serene, unruffled. Seduce, to— allure, attract, decoy. See, to — behold, eye, look, observe, perceive, view. Seek, to— examine, explore, search. Senile— aged, old, infirm. Sensation— perception, sentiment. Sense — feeling, judgment, import, meaning, reason. [eeptibility. Sensibility — delicacy, feeling, sus- Sensitive— sensible, susceptible. Sentence— decision, judgment, pe- riud, phrase, proposition. Sentiment — feeling, notion, opinion, sensation. Sentimental — romantic. Separate— disjoined, distinct, part- ed, unconnected. Separate, to — detach, disengage, dis- join, divide, disunite, sunder, part. Servile — fawning, mean, slavish. Settle, to — adjust, arrange, deter- mine, establish, regulate, fix. Settled— conclusive, confirmed, de- cisive, definitive, established. Sever, to — detach, disjoin, divide, separate. Several — different, distinct, diverse, sundry, various. Severe— austere, cruel, harsh, rigid, rigorous, rough, sharp, strict, un- yielding, stem. Shake, to — agitate, quake, quiver, shiver, shudder, totter, tremble. Shame— disgrace, dishonor, ignominy. Shameless — immodest, impudent, indecent, indelicate. Shape, to — fashion, form, mould. Share, to — apportion, distribute, di- vide, partake, participate. Sharpness — acrimony, acuteness, penetration, shrewdness, sagacity. Shelter— asylum, refuge, retreat. Shelter, to — cover, defend, harbor, lodge, protect, screen. Shine, to — coruscate, gleam, glare, glisten, glitter, sparkle. Shining— brilliant, bright, glistening, glittering, radiant, splendid, re- splendent, sparkling. Shook, to -affright, appall, disgust, dismay, disturb, offend, terrify. Shocking — dreadful, disgusting, te*i rible. Short — brittle, brief, compendious, concise, defective, laconic, scanty, succinct, summary, wanting. Shorten, to — abridge, contract, cur- tail, reduce. Show— display, exhibition, parade, pomp, representation, sight, specta- cle. Showy — fine, gay, gaudy, grand, magnificent, ostentatious, sumptu- ous. Shrewd — acute, keen, penetrating. Shun, to — avoid, elude, eschew, evade. Sickly — diseased, ill, indisposed, moT- bid, sick, unwell. Sign— mark, note, omen, prognostic, presage, signal, symbol, symptom, token. Signify, to — denote, imply. Signify, to — betoken, declare, express, intimate, testify, utter. Significant — expressive, important. Silence — stillness, taciturnity. Silent — dumb, mute, speechless. Silly — absurd, dull, foolish, simple, stupid, weak. Similarity — likeness, resemblance, similitude. Simile — comparison, similitude. Simple — artless, foolish, plain, single, silly, stupid, weak. Simply — merely, only, solely. Simplicity — artlessness, plainness. Since— as, because, for, inasmuch, as. Sincere — frank, honest, plain, true, incorrupt, upright. [sole. Single — only, particular, singular, Singular — eccentric, odd, particu- lar, rare, scarce, strange. Situation— case, condition, locality, place, plight, predicament, position, site. Skilful— accomplished, adroit, ex- pert, clever, dexterous. Slander, to— asperse, calumniate, de- fame, detract, vilify. Slavery— bondage, "captivity, servi- tude. Slender— fragile, slight, slim, thin. Slight — cursory, desultory, neglect, scorn, slim, superficial, weak. Slow— dilatory, dull, tardy, tedious. Small — diminutive, little, infinitesi- mal, minute. Smell — fragrance, odor, perfume, scent. Smooth — bland, easy, even, level, mild. Smother, to— stifle, suffocate, sup- press. [isR. Snarling— cynical, snappish, -wasp- DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 197 Sober — abstemious, abstinent, tem- perate, grave, moderate. Social — companionable, convivial, conversable, familiar, sociable. Society — association, community, company, fellowship. Soft — compliant, docile, ductile, flexible, mild, pliant, tractable, yielding. Solicit, to — ask, beg, beseech, en- treat, implore, request, supplicate. Solicitation — importunity, invita- ' tion. Solicitude— anxiety, care. Solid— firm, hard, stable, substan- tial. Solitary — alone, desolate, desert, lonely, only, retired, remote, sole. Soothe, to — appease, calm, assuage, compose, tranquillize, pacify. Sobbow — affliction, grief. Sobt — kind, species. Sound— hearty, healthy, sane, tone. Sous — acid, acrimonious, acetose, acetous, sharp, tart. Soubce— cause, fountain, origin, rea- son, spring. Spacious— ample, capacious. Spabkle, to — coruscate, glare, glitter, radiate, shine. Speak, to — articulate, converse, dis- course, pronounce, say, talk, tell, utter. Species — class, kind, sort. Specific— particular, special. Specimen — model, patern, sample. Specious — colorable, fair, feasible, os- tensible, plausible. Spectatob— beholder, looker on, ob- server. Speculation — conjecture, scheme, theory. Speech —address, harangue, oration. Speechless— dumb, mute, silent. Spend, to — dissipate, exhaust, lay out, expend, squander. Sphebe— circle, globe, orb. Spill, to— pour, shed, waste. Spirit— ardor, breath, courage, ghost, soul, temper. Spirited — active, animated, ardent, lively, vivacious. Spirits— animation, courage, life, vi- vacity. Splbitual — ecclesiastical, immaterial, incorporeal, unearthly. Spite — grudge, malice, malignity, malevolence, pique, rancor. Splendid — grand, magnificent, su- perb, sublime. Bplendob — brightness, brilliancy, luster, magnificence, pageantry, pomp. Splenetic— fretful, gloomy, morose, sullen, peevish. Sport— amusement, diversion, game, pastime, play, recreation. Spotless — blameless, faultless, inno- cent, stainless, unblemished, un- spotted. Spread, to — circulate, disseminate, diffuse, disperse, distribute, dis- pense, expand, propagate, scatter. Spring, to — arise, emanate, proceed, flow, leap, issue, start. Sprinkle, to — bedew, besprinkle, scatter. [forth. Sprout, to — bud, germinate, shoot Stability — firmness, steadiness, fix- edness. Stain — blemish, blot, flaw, speck,spot. Stain, to— blot, foul, soil, spot, sully, tarnish. Stain, to— color, discolor, dye, tinge. Stamper, to— falter, hesitate, stutter. Stamp— impression, mark, print. Standard — criterion, rule, test. State — condition, position, plight, predicament, situation. [ation. Station — post, place, position, situ- St ay— prop, staff, support. Stay, to— abide, continue, delay, hin- der, remain, stop, support. Sterility — aridity, unfruitfulnesSj barrenness. Stebn— austere, rigid, rigorous, se- vere, strict. Sticking- (to)— adherent, adhesive, te- nacious. Still, to — allay, appease, assuage, calm, lull, pacify, quiet, silence. Stimulate, to — animate, encourage, excite, impel, incite, instigate, urge. Stock— accumulation, cattle, fund, board, provision, store, supply. Stoop, to— bend, condescend, submit. Stop — cessation, intermission, rest. Stop, to — check, hinder, impede. Stoby— anecdote, incident, memoir, tale. Straight — direct. Strange — curious, eccentric, odd, singular, surprising. Stratagem — artifice, deception, delu- sion, imposture, finesse, fraud, trick. Strength— authority, force, might, power, potency. Strict — accurate, exact, nice, partic- ular, precise, rigorous, severe, stern. Stricture — animadversion, censure, contraction, criticism. Strife— contention, contest, dissen. sion, discord. Strong — cogent, firm, hardy, muscu- lar, powerful, robust, stout, vigc* ous. 198 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Style— manner, mode, phraseology, diction. Style, to — characterize, designate, denominate, entitle, name. Subdue, to— conquer, overcome, sub- jugate, subject, surmount, van- quish. Subject — exposed, liable, matter, ma- terials, object, obnoxious, subservi- ent. Subject, to — subdue, subjugate. Subjoin, to — add to, affix, attach, connect. Sublime— elevated, exalted, grand, great, lofty. Submissive — compliant, obedient, humble, yielding. Subordinate— interior, subservient, subject. Subobn, to — forswear, perjure. Subsequent— consequent, posterior, following. Subservient— inferior, subject, sub- ordinate. Subside, to— abate, intermit, sink. Subsistence — living, maintenance, livelihood, support, sustenance. Substantial — responsible, strong, stout, solid. Substitute, to— change, exchange. Subterfuge — evasion, quirk, shift, trick. Subtle — artful, cunning, crafty, de- ceitful, insidious, perfidious, sly, wily. Subtract, to— deduct, withdraw. Subvert, to — invert, overturn, re- verse, overthrow. Successful— fortunate, lucky, pros- perous. Succession — order, series. Succinct — brief, compendious, con- cise, laconic, short, summary. Succor, to— aid, assist, relieve, help. Sudden — hasty, unanticipated, unex- pected, unlooked for. Suffer, to— allow, bear, endure, per- mit, tolerate. Suffocate, to— choke, smother, stifle. Sufficient — adequate, competent, enough. Suffrage— aid, voice, vote. Suggest, to — allude, hint, intimate, insinuate. Suitable— agreeable, apt, becoming, expedient, fit. Suitor— lover, petitioner, wooer. Summary— brief, compendious, lacon- ic, short, succinct. Summon, to —bid, call, cite, invite. Sundry— different, diverse, several, various. Superficial— flimsy, slight, shallow. Supersede, to— displace, overrule, Supplicate, to — ask, beg, beseech, en- treat, implore, solicit. Support, to — assist, cherish, defend, endure, encourage, favor, forward, maintain, nurture, patronize, pro- tect, prop, sustain, stay, second, up- hold. Sure— certain, confident, infallible. Surface— outside, superficies. Surmise, to— believe, conjecture, pre- sume, suppose, suspect, think. Surmount, to — conquer, overcome, rise above, subdue, vanquish. Surpass, to — excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip. Surprise— admiration, amazement, astonishment, wonder. Surrender, to— cede, deliver, give up, resign, yield. Surround, to— beset, encircle, encom- pass, environ, enclose, invest. Survey — prospect, retrospect, re- view. Suspense — doubt, ^determination, hesitation. Suspicion— distrust, jealousy. Sustain, to — bear up, maintain, up- hold, support. Sustenance — living, maintenance, livelihood, subsistence, support. Swiftness — celerity, rapidity, fleet- ness, quickness, speed, velocity. Symbol— emblem, figure, metaphor, type. Symmetry— harmony, proportion. Sympathy — agreement, compassion, commiseration, condolence, fellow- feeling, pity. Symptom — indication, mark, note, sign, token. System — method, order, scheme. Talent— ability, capability, faculty, endowment, gift. Talk— chat, communication, confer- ence, colloquy, conversation, dia- logue, discourse. Talk, to — chat, converse, discourse, mention, speak, state, tell. Talkativeness— loquacity, garrulity. Tantalize, to — aggravate, irritate, provoke, taunt, tease, torment. Taste — discernment, flavor, judg- ment, perception, relish, savor. Tax— assessment, contribution, cus- tom, duty, rate, tribute, toll. Tedious — dilatory, slow, tiresome, tardy, wearisome. Tell, to — acquaint, communicate, disclose, impart, inform, mention, make known, report, reveal, talk, state. [cy, rashness. Temjebitx— heedlessness, precipitan- DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. in Temper— disposition, frame, humor, mood, temperament. Temperate — abstinent, abstemious, moderate, sober. Temporal — secular, worldly, sub- lunary. Temporary — fleeting, transitory, transient. Tempt, to— allure, attract, decoy, en- tice, seduce. Tendency — aim, drift, inclination, propensity, proneness, scope. Tender, to— bid, offer, propose. Tenderness — affection, benignity, fondness, humanity. Tenet — doctrine, dogma, opinion, po- sition, principle. Term — boundary, condition, limit, expression, stipulation, word. Terms — expressions, words, lan- guage. Terminate, to — complete, finish, end, close. Terrible — dreadful, fearful, terrific, frightful, horrible, shocking. Territory — country, domain, land. Terror — alarm, apprehension, con- sternation, dread, fear, fright. Terse— smooth, neat. Test — criterion, experiment, trial, ex- perience, proof, standard. Testify, to—declare, prove, signify, witness. Testimony— evidence, proof. Thankful— grateful. That — which. Theory — speculation. Therefore — accordingly, hence, so, consequently, then, thence, where- fore. Think, to — cogitate, conceive, con- sider, contemplate, deliberate, im- agine, meditate, opine, ponder, sur- mise. Though— although, while. Thought — cogitation, conception, conceit, contemplation, deliberation, fancy ,idea, imagination, meditation, notion, reflection, supposition. Thoughtful — anxious, attentive, careful, circumspoct, considerate, contemplative, deliberate, discreet, reflective, solicitous, wary. Thoughtelss — careless, gay, incon- siderate, foolish, hasty, indiscreet, unreflective. Through— by, with. Throw, to — cast, fling, hurl, toss. Time— age, date, duration, epoch, era, period, season. Timely — opportune, seasonably. Tired — fatigued, harassed, jaded, wwiried. Tiresome —tedious, wearisome. Title — appellation, claim, denomina- tion, name. Token— indication, mark, note, sign, symptom. [permit. Tolerate, to— admit, allow, suffer, Too— also, besides, likewise. Tortuous — tormenting, twisted, winding. Total — complete, entire, whole, gross. Touch — contact, proof, test. Touching — affecting, moving, pa- thetic. Tour — circuit, excursion, ramble, jaunt, round, trip. Trace — mark, track, vestige. Trace, to — deduce, derive. Trade— avocation, business, calling, dealing, employment, occupation, traffic. Traduce, to — calumniate, censure, condemn, decry, degrade, depreci- ate, detract, disparage. Tranquillity — calm, peace, quiet. Transact, to — conduct, negotiate, manage. Transcend, to — excel, exceed, sur- pass, outdo. Transparent— clear, pellucid, pervi- ous, translucent, transpicuous. Transient— fleeting, short. Transport — ecstasy, rapture. Treacherous — faithless, perfidious, insidious. Treasonable — traitorous, treacher- ous. Treat, to — entertain, negotiate. Trepidation — agitation, emotion, tremor, trembling. Trespass — offence, misdemeanor, transgression. Trial— attempt, effort, endeavor, ex- periment, proof, temptation, test. Trick — artifice, cheat, deceptioa, fraud, finesse, imposture, sleight, stratagem. Trifling — futile, frivolous, inconsid- erable, light, petty, unimportant. Trip— excursion, jaunt, tour, ramble. Trouble — adversity, affliction, anx- iety, distress, sorrow, vexation. Troublesome— annoying, disturbing, harassing, importunate, irksome, perplexing, teasing. True — honest, plain, upright, sincere. Trust — belief, credit, confidence, faith, hope. Truth— faithfulness, fidelity, hone* ty, veracity. Try, to— attempt, endeavor, essay. Tug, to — hale, haul, pluck, pull. Tumble, to— drop, rail, rumple, sink, turn over. 200 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Tttbbulent— mutinous, riotous, sedi- tious, tumultuous. Turmoil — commotion, trouble. Turn — bent, cast, gyration, meander. Turn, to — bend, circulate, contort, distort, gyrate, revolve, twist, wind, wheel, whirl. Type— emblem, figure, mark, symbol. Ultimate — final, last, latest. Umpire — arbiter, arbitrator, judge. Unbelief — disbelief, incredulity, in- fidelity, skepticism. Unblemished— blameless, faultless, irreproaohable, spotless. Unbounded— boundless, illimitable, infinite, interminable, unlimited. Unceasingly — always, constantly, continually, ever, perpetually. Uncertain— doubtful, precarious, du- bious, equivocal. Unchangeable — immutable, unal- terable. Uncommon— choice, unfrequent, rare, scarce, singular, unique. Unconcerned— indifferent, uninter- ested, regardless. Uncover, to— denude, discover, ex- pose, reveal, strip. Undaunted— bold, intrepid, fearless. Undeniable — incontrovertible, in- disputable, irrefragable, unques- tionable. Under — below, beneath, inferior, lower, subjacent, subject. Understanding — comprehension, ap- prehension, conception, sense, fac- ulty, intellect, intelligence, reason, preception. Undetermined— doubtful, fluctuat- ing, hesitating, irresolute, unsteady, vacillating, wavering. Unfaithful — dishonest, disloyal, faithless, perfidious, treacherous. Unfold, to — develop, display, open, divulge, expand, reveal, unravel. Unhandy — awkward, clumsy, un- couth. Unhappy — afflicted, calamitous, dis- tressed, miserable, unfortunate, wretched. Uniform — alike, equal, equable, even. Unimportant — inconsiderable, im- material, insignificant, trifling, pet- ty, trivial. Unison— accordance, agreement, con- cord, harmony, melody. Unlearned— ignorant, illiterate, un- informed, unlettered. [tinct. Unlike — different, dissimilar, dis- Unlimited— boundless, illimitable, infinite, unbounded. Unmerciful — callous, cruel, hard- hearted, merciless, severe. Unqustionable^ irrefragable, incon- trovertible, indubitable, indisputa- ble, undeniable. Unravel, to — develop, disentangle, extricate, unfold. Unrelenting — cruel, hard-hearted, implacable, inexorable, relentless. Unruly— refractory, ungovernable. Unseasonable— ill-timed, late, unfit, untimely. Unsettled— undetermined, vacilla- tory, unsteady, wavering. Unspeakable — ineffable, inexpressi- ble, unutterable. Unstable— changeable, inconstant, mutable, wavering. Untimely— inopportune, premature, unseasonable. Unwilling— averse, backward, dis- inclined, loth, reluctant. Upbraid, to — blame, censure, con- demn, reproach. Uproar — bustle, confusion, disturb- ance, tumult. Urbanity — affability, civility, com- plaisance, courtesy, suavity. Urge, to — animate, encourage, impel, importune, incite, instigate, stimu- late. Urgent— earnest, pressing, importu- nate. Usage — custom, fashion, prescrip-. tion, treatment. Use— advantage, custom, habit, prac- tice, service, utility, usage. Use, to — employ. Usually — commonly, customarily, generally. Useless— fruitless, ineffectual, vain. Utility — advantages, benefit, con- venience, service, use, usefulness. Utterly — completely, fully, per- fectly. Vacant — empty, devoid, idle, void. Vague — indefinite, unsettled, loose. Vain — conceited, fruitless, ineffec- tual, idle, useless. Valediction — taking leave, fare- well. Valuable — costly, precious, worthy, estimable. Value — account, appreciation, esti- mation, price, rate, worth, Value, to — appraise, assess, calcu- late, appreciate, compute, esteem, estimate, regard, respect. Vanity — arrogance, conceit, pride, haughtiness. Vanquish, to — conquer, confute, de- feat, overcome, subdue, subjugate. Variable — changeable, capricious, fickle, unsteady, versatile, wavering. Vabiance— discord, strife, discussion. DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. 201 Variation— change, deviation, muta- tion, variety, vicissitude. Variety —change, difference, diver- sity, medley. V Anions— different, diverse, several, sundry. Vaunting— boasting, ostentation, pa- rade, vainglory. Vehement— ardent, eager, firm, hot, impetuous, passionate, violent. Velocity— celerity, fleetness, quick- ness, rapidity, speed, swiftness. Venerate, to — adore, reverence, re- spect. Veracity— integrity, truth. Verbal — oral, vocal. Vesti&e— mark, trace, track. Vexation — chagrin, mortification, sorrow, trouble, uneasiness. Vicinity — nearness, neighborhood, vincinage. Vicissitude — change, variation. View— landscape, prospect. View, to— behold, eye, look, see, sur- vey. Vigorous — active, agile, energetic, forcible, potent, powerful, strong. Vindicate, to— clear, defend, protect. Violent— boisterous, furious, impet- uous, turbulent, vehement. Virtue— chastity, efficacy, goodness. Visible — apparent, clear, distinct, discernible, evident, manifest, plain, obvious. Visionary — enthusiast, fantastical, fanatic, imaginary. Vitiate, to — contaminate, pollute, de- file, infect, sophisticate, taint. Vivid — active, bright, clear, lively, lucid, quick, sprightly, striking. Volatility — flightiness, giddiness, levity, Lightness, liveliness. Voluptuary — epicure, sensualist. Vouch, to— affirm, attest, asseverate, assure, aver, protest, warrant. Vulgar — common, low, mean, ordin- ary, popular. Wages— allowance, hire, salary, pay. Wakeful — observant, watchful, vig- ilant. Walk — carriage, gait. Walk, to— perambulate. Wander, to— ramble, range, roam, rove, stroll. Want — indigence, lack, penury, pov- erty, need, necessity. Ware— commodity, goods, merchan- dise. Wariness — care, caution, circumspec- tion, forethought, prudence. Warlike— martial, military, soldier- like. Warmth— ardor, cordiality, fervor, fervency, glow, heat, vehAnence, zeal. Warning— admonition, caution, no« tice. Wary"— cautious, guarded, circum* spect, watchful. Waste, to— consume, dissipate, de« stroy, expend, lavish, spend, squan- der. Wasteful — extravagant, lavish, prodigal, profuse. Watchful — attentive, observant, cautious, circumspect, wakeful, vig- ilant. Waver, to— fluctuate, hesitate, scru- ple, vacillate. Way — course, fashion, means, man- ner, method, mode, road, route, system. Weak— debilitated, feeble, enfeebled, enervated, infirm. Wealth --affluence, riches, opulence. Weakness— debility, failing, foible, feebleness, folly, frailty, imbecility, impotence, infirmity, languor, silli- ness, stupidity. Weariness— fatigue, tediousness, las- situde. Weary, to — annoy, fatigue, harass, jade, subdue, tire, vex. Wedding— marriage, nuptials. Wedlock — marriage, state, matri- mony. Weight— burden, heaviness, gravity, importance, load, signification. Welcome — acceptable, agreeable, grateful. Wherefore — accordingly, conse- quently, hence, so, then, thence, therefore. Whimsical — capricious, fantastical, fanciful. Whiten, to— blanch, bleach. Whole — all, complete, entire, per- fect, total, undivided, uninjured. Wicked — atrocious, criminal, de- praved, flagrant, flagitious, guilty, heinous, impious, nefarious, sinful, unjust, villainous. Willingly — spontaneously, volun- tarily, [sly. Wily— artful, crafty, cunning, subtle, Wisdom — knowledge, prudence, sa- pience, understanding, Wit — burlesque, contrivance, humor, irony, ingenuity, stratagem. With— by, through. Withdraw, to— go back, recede, re- tire, retreat, retrograde, take back. Withhold, to— forbear, hinder, let, keep back, refrain, restrain, refuse. Withstand, to— oppose, thwart, re* eist. 202 DICTIONARY OF SYNONYMS. Witness— deponent, evidence, testi- mony. Wonder — admiration, amazement, astonishment, marvel, miracle, pro- digy, surprise. Wonderful, — adnurable,astonishing, curious, marvellous, strange, sur- prising. Word — expression, promise, term. Worship, to— adore, honor, revere. Worth — desert, excellence, merit, tiriee, rate, value. [timable. Woethy— deserving, meritorious, es- tfjtoXCHED— miserable, unhappy. Writer — author, penman, scribe. Yearly — annually. Yet— but, however, nevertheless, noU withstanding, still. Yield, to— allow, cede, communicate, comply, conform, concede, give, pro- duce, permit, resign, surrender. Youth— adolescence, juvenility, pu« erility. [fervor. Zeal — ardor, enthusiasm, warmth, Zealous — ardent, anxious, earnest, enthusiastic, fervent, solicitous, warm. Zest— appetite, gusto, relish. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. DICK & FITZGERALD, Publishers. P. O. Box 2975. New Yoke. *** The Publishers, upon receipt of the price, will send any of the follow- ing books by mail, Postage Free, to any part of the United States. In ordering books, the full name, post-office, county and State should be plainly written. Inquire Within for Anything Yon Want to Know; or, Over 3,500 Facts for the People. "Inquire Within" is one of the most valuable and extraordinary volumes ever presented to the American public, and embodies nearly 4,000 facts, in most of which any person living will find instruction, aid, and entertainment. As a book to be kept in the family for reference it is unequaled, comprising, as it does, all kinds of books of information in a single volume. Bound in extra cloth, with gilt side and back $1-50. What Shall We Do To-Night? or, Social Amusements for Evening Parties. This elegant book affords an almost inexhaustible fund of amusement for evening parties, social gatherings and all festive occa- sions ingeniously grouped together so as to furnish complete and ever vary- ing entertainment for Twenty-six evenings. Its repertoire embraces aU the best round and forfeit games, clearly described and rendered perfectly plain by original and amusing examples, interspersed with a great variety of ingenious puzzles, entertaining tricks and innocent sells; new and original Musical and Poetical pastimes, startling illusions and mirth- provoking exhibitions; including complete directions and text for per- forming Charades, Tableaux, Parlor Pantomimes, the world-renowned. Punch and Judy, Gallanty Shows and original Shadow-pantomines : also full information for the successful performance of Dramatic Dialogues and Parlor Theatricals, with a selection of Original Plays, etc., written expressly for this work. It is embellished with over one hundred des- criptive and explanatory engravings, and contains 366 pages, printed on fine toned paper. Extra cloth $2>00* The Secret Out ; or, 1,000 Tricks with Cards, and Other Recreations, niustrated with over 300 engravings. A book which explains all the Tricks and Deceptions with Playing Cards ever known, and gives, besides, a great many new ones. The whole being described so carefully, with engravings to illustrate them, that anybody can easily learn how to perform them. This work also contains 240 of the best Tricks of Leg- erdemain, in addition to the Card Tricks, Such is the unerring process of instruction adopted in this volume, that no reader can fail to succeed in executing every Trick, Experiment, Game, etc., set down, if he wiil at all devote his attention, in his leisure hours, to the subject ; and, as almost every trick with cards known will be found in this collection, it may be considered the only complete work on the subject ever published. 12mo, 400 page3, bound in cloth, gilt side and back ... , $l-50« *** COMPLETE DESCEIPTTVE CATALOGUE MAILED EEEE. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Le Marchand's Fortnne-Teller and Dreamer's Dictionary. Containing a complete Dictionary of Dreams, alphabetically arranged, with a clear interpretation of each Dream. Also showing how to tell fortunes by the Lady's Love Oracle. How to foretell the Sex of Children. How to tell any Person's Age. To fcnow who your future Husband will be, and how soon you will be Married. How to tell Future events with Cards, Dice Tea and Coffee Grounds, Eggs, Apple Parings and the Lines of the Hand. Illustrated with wood engravings. 144 pages. Bound in boards. . . .40 cts. Fontaine's Golden Wheel Dream-Book and Fortune-Teller. Be'ug the most complete book on Fortune Telling and Interpreting | Dr«dms ever printed, This book informs you how to Tell Foetuses with the Golden Wheel, Cards, I>iee and Dominoes; how to find where to dig for water, with the celebrated Diventng Rod ; together with Twenty ~Wavs of Telling Fortunes on Is ew Year's Eve. It is illustrated with engravings', and contains a large Colored Lithographic Engraving of the Golden Wheels which folds up. 144 pages, bound in boards 40 cts. PettengilTs Perfect Fortnne-Teller and Dream-Book; or, The Art of Discerning Future Events. This is a most complete Fortune-Teller and Dream-Book. It is compiled with great care from au< thorities on Astrology, Geology, Chiromancy, Xecromancy. Spiritual Phi losophy, etc., etc. Among the subjects treated of, are— Casting ^Nativities by the Stars, Telling Fortunes by Lines on the Hand, by Moles on the Body, by Turning Cards, by Questions of Destiny, by Physical Appearances, by the Day of Birth, etc. A book of 144 pages. Bound 'in boards. ..40 cts. Motker Shipton's Fortnne-Teller; or, Fntnre Fate Fore- told by the Planets. Being the 900 Answers of Pythagoras to the Ques- tions of Life's Destiny. Derived from the Mystic Xumbers and Letters of tbe Planets. Containing the Emblematical and Mystical "WTieelof Fortune andFate, colored. 115 pages, paper covers 30 cts. Mother Shipton's Oriental Dream-Book. Being a reliable interpretation of Dreams. Visions, Apparitions, etc. Together with a His torv of Eemarkable Dreams, proven true as interpreted. Collected and ar- ranged from the most celebrated masters. 1 6mo, paper covers 30 Cts. The Everlasting Fortnne-Teller and Magnetic Dream- Book. Containing the Science of Foretelling Events by the Signs of the Zodiac ; Lists of Luckv and Unlucky Days ; List of Fortunate Hours ; the Science of Foretelling Events bv Cards. Dice, Dominoes, etc.; the Science of Foretelling anvthing in the Future by Dreams; and also containing JrA. poleox's Oeacelem : or, The Book of Fate 30 cts. Mother Carey s Dream-Book and Fortnne-Teller. Contain- ing the method of Fortune-Telling with Cards j a complete Dreamer s Dio- tionarv: the Science of Palmistrv. or telling Fortunes by the Lines of the Hand- how to tell a Person's Character by a list of Lucky and Lnlucky davs and hours: how to tell with Cards which of Three Ladies has the best Husband. Mathematical Tables for telling any Person s Age. .15 ctSt Aristotle's Book of Fate and Dictionary of Dreams. Con- taining Dreams and their Interpretations ; the Signification of Moles on Men and Women ; one hundred and eighty-seven Weather Omenta Hy- men's Lottery and Aristotle's ©raculum, or Book of Fate lo Cts. The Egyptian Dream-Book and Fortnne-Teller. Contain- rug an Alphabetical list of Dreams, with their sigiufioation and their lucky numbers. Illustrated with explanatory diagrams. JBosa-ds, cloth baok.40 eta. Popular Boo&s sent Iree of Postage at the Prices annexed. Walker's Rhyming, Spelling and Pronouncing Dictiona / of the English Language. Containing I, The whole Language arranged ac- TV Many of the most difficult Wc rdt cording to its terminations. rendered easy to be pronounced, by H. Every Word explained and di- being classed according to their end* vided into Syllables, exactly as pro- ings. nounced. V. Numerous classes of Words atcer 111. Multitudes of Words, liable to a tained in their pronunciation, btf double pronunciation, fixed in their distinguishing them into perfect, true sound by a Mhynte. nearly perfect and alloioable Rhymes. j To which is added critfeal and practical Observations on Orthographj Syllabication, Pronunciation, an Index of Allowable Rhymes, with Author ities for their usage, etc. Royal 12mo, 700 pages §3.00 Book of Household Pets. Containing valuable instructions about the Diseases, Breeding, Training aud Management of the Canary, Mocking Bird, Brown Thrash or T'jrasher, Blue Bird, Yellow Bird, Scarlet Tanager, Bobolink, Baltimore Oriole, European Black Bird, Blue Jay, Blue and Yellow Macaw, Carolina Parrakeet, Cockatoo, Green and Gray Parrot, and the rearing and management of all kinds of Pigeons and .Fancy Poultry, Rabbits, Squirrels, Guinea Pigs, White Mice aid Dogs ; together with * Comprehensive Treatise on the Principle and Management of the Salt and Fresh Water Aquarium, with instructions how to make, lay the foundation. - and stock the Tank. Illustrated with 123 fine wood-cuts. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 cts. Chesterfield's Art of Letter-Writing Simplified. A Guide to Friendly, Affectionate, Polite and Business Correspondence. Containing a collection of valuable information relative to the Art of Letter- Writing, with clear instructions how to begin and end Correspondence, Rules foi Punctuation and Spelling, etc., with numerous examples of Letters and Notes, with several important hints on Love-letters 15 cts. The Life, Crime and Capture of John Wilkes Booth. With a full Sketch of the Conspiracy of whi.h he was the Leader, and the Pur- suit, Trial and Execution of his Accomplices, together with an original Poem on Abraham U-^-^iln. By George Alfred Townsend, a Special Cor* respondent. Illustrated on the cover with a fine portrait of the Assassin, and also containing Plans, Maps, etc. Octavo. 25 eta The Hindoo Fortune-Teller and Oracle of Destiny. Con, tabling Ten Methods of Telling Fortunes with Cards, a complete system of Fortune Telling with Dice, together with Sixty-seven Good and Bad Omens, with their interpretation 15 cts* The Combination Fortune-Teller and Dictionary oi , Dreams. A Comprehensive Encyclopedia explaining all the different methods extant by which good and evil events, are foretold, containing 4-30 pages, and illustrated with numerous engravings and two large colored,'; ,' lithographs. 16mo, cloth „•., SLS&i The Play-Ground ; or, Out-Door Games for Boys. A Booh of Healthy Recreations for Youth, containing over a hundred Amusements, including Games of Activity and Speed, Games with Toys, Marbles, Tops, Hoops, Kites, Archery, Balls; with Cricket, Croquet and Base-BalL Splendidly illustrated with 124 fine wood-cuts. Bound in boards .... 50 eta, 10,000 Wonderful Things. Comprising the Marvelous and Rare, Eccentric and Extraordinary, in all Ages and Nations. Enriched With hundreds of illustrations 12mo, cloth, gilt side ....„,,.,«•••.. SL5(£ Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Dick's Recitations and Readings. Carefully compiled Series of Volumes, uniform in size and style, which -will include everything that is fresh and popular, introducing, also, the older Gems of the English Language that are always in demand; embracing CHABACTEK SKETCHES, DIALECT PIECES, HUMOROUS, SENTIMENTAL, PATHETIC, PATRIOTIC, ELOQUENT, AND SERIOUS Recitations and Readings in Poetry and Prose, excluding every thing that is not eminently appropriate, either for Declamation or Public Reading. Sixteen Numbers of the above Series are now ready. Each Number is complete in itself (nothing is repeated) and contains about 180 Pages of Reading Matter, printed on fine paper, from clear type, and handsomely bound in Hluminated Paper Cover 30 cts. Eull Cloth ,...50 Cts. Graham's School Dialogues for Young People. A new and original collection of Dialogues intended for Anniversaries and Exhibi- tions. By George C. Graham. These dialogues have been written ex- pressly to give advanced scholars an opportunity for displaying their dramatic powers and ingenuity ; they are exceedingly amusing, and full of ludicrous and telling stage-situations. Contents. Contents. The Empty House Tu ruing the Tables A Doctor by Proxy , Strategy The Picnic Party An Aspirant for Fame. . . The New Boy Which was the Hero ?.. . . Astonishing the Natives The Critics The Expected Visitor A Nightmare of India. . . . An Indian Raid Going! Going! Gone!... The Book -Peddler The Burglar- Alarm Missed His Chance The Girl of the Period. . . The Photograph Gallery. The Elocution Class Love and Stratagem Extremes Meet 16mo, 176 pages, illuminated paper covers. «« " " " board " Price 30 cts " 50cts. Burbank's Recitations and Readings. A collection of Hu- morous, Dramatic and Dialect Selections, edited and arranged for public reading or recitation, by Alfred P. Burbank. Containing many choice selections never before in print, as well as some old favorites. i 16mo, 150 pp, Price 25 cts. 0g$en's Model Speeches for all School Occasions. Contain- ing Original Addresses and Orations on everything appertaining to School Life; comprising Set Speeches on opening and dedicating new Schools and Academies, all kinds of School Ceremonials, Salutatory and Valedic- tory Orations, Presentations, and conferring Honors; Burlesque Speeches, Prologues and Epilogues for School Exhibitions, etc., including practical hints on Extempore Speaking. By Chkistol Ogden. Paper covers 50 Cts, Bound in Boards 75 cts, Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. The French Wine and Liquor Manufacturer. A Practical Guide and Receipt Book for the Liquor Merchant. Being a clear and comprehensive Treatise on the Manufacture and Imitation of Brandy, Rum, Gin and Whiskey, with Practical Observations and Rules for the Manufacture and Management of all kinds of Wine, by Mixing, Boiling and Fermentation, as practiced in Europe; including complete instruc- tions for manufacturing Champagne Wine, and the most approved methods for making a variety of Cordials, Liquors, Punch, Essences, Bitters and Syrups, together with a number of Recipes ior Fining, Flavoring, Filtering and Coloring Wines and Liquors, and instructions for Restoring and Keeping Ale and Cider. Also containing the latest im- provements for Manufacturing Vinegar by the Qtiick Method. To which is added a collection of Descriptive Articles on Alcohol, Distillation, Mac- eration and the use of the Hydrometer ; with Tables, Comparative Scale, and 14 important Rules for Purchasing, Reducing andRaising the Strength of Alcohol, Etc. Illustrated with descriptive diagrams and engravings. Adapted for the Use and Information of the trade in the United States and Canada. By John Rack, Practical Wine and Liquor Manufacturer. Bound in Cloth §>3. 0. Fleischman's Art of Blending and Compounding Liquors and Wines. Showing how all the leading and favorite Brands of Whis- keys, Brandies and other Liquors and Wines are prepared for the Trade by Rectifiers, etc., at the present time ; with complete and correct receipts for making all the ingredients, flavoring, &c, employed in their manu- facture, and the actual cost of each product as offered for sale. By Joseph Fleischman. By the aid of this entirely new work, Liquor Dealers and Saloon keepers, can easily prepare as good liquors as they can buy, or better, at a large saving in outlay. This thoroughly prac- tical work also affords all the necessary information relating to Whiskeys in Bond ; it gives the distillery values when first bonded, the loss in bulk and increase in proof at the end of each sis months, the method by which the duty is calculated, and the values when finally withdrawn from bond, duty paid. It also contains valuable and recent receipts for preparing the finest qualities of Liquors, Cordials, Bitters, &c, and every thin g in it is NEW, BELIABLE AND THOROUGH. 12mO, Cloth, price S2-00. The Independent Liquorist ; or, The Art of Manufacturing all kinds of Syrnps, Bitters, Cordials, Champagne, Wines, Lager Beer, Ale, Porter, Beer, Punches, Tinctures, Extracts, Brandy, Gin, Essences, Flavorings, Colorings, Sauces, Catsups, Pickles, Pre- serves, etc. By L. Monzert, Practical Liquorist and Chemist. Every Druggist, Grocer, Restaurant, Hotel Keeper, Farmer, Fruit Dealer. Wine Dealer, should have a copy of this work. 12mo, cloth $3- 00. Lacour on the Manufacture of Liquors, Wines and Cor- dialp without the aid of Distillation. Also, the manufacture of Efferves- cing Beverages and Syrups, Vinegar and Bitters, Prepared expressly for the Trade. 12mo, cloth 82-50. Jerry Thomas' Bar-Tender's Guide; or, How to Mix all kinds of Fancy Drinks. An entirely new edition ; new plates ; new drinks. Containing clear and reliable directions for mixing aU the beverages used in the United States. Embracing Punches, Juleps, Cobblers, Cocktails, etc., etc., in endless variety. By Jerry Thomas. This work also contains the best receipts for preparing bottled Punch, bottled Cocktails, Punch Essences, etc. , after the most approved methods ; also, all the newest Egg Noggs, Fizzes, Slings, Sours, and other Fancy Drinks in endless variety. 16mo, illuminated paper cover 50 CtS. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices Annexed. ■ ~ * «• ■ ■ ' — ~~- - Dick's Comic and Dialect Recitations. A capital collection of Comic Recitations, Ludicrous Dialogues, Funny Stories, and Inimitable Dialect Pieces, containing : An M-ithetic Housekeeper At the Rug Auction Annt Sophronia Tabor at the Opera— Yankee Dialect Awfully Lovely Philosophy Bad Boy and tlie Limburger Cheese, The Barbara Frietehie— Dutch Boy in .he Dime Museum Bric-a-Brac Brudder Johnson on 'Lectri- city— Negro Dialect Butterwick's Weakness By Soecial Request Can this be True? Champion Liar, The Conversion of Colonel Quagg Cut. Cut Rehind— Dutch Debit and Credit in the Next World Der Oak und der Vine Per 'Sperience of Reb'rend Quacko strong— Negro Der Vater Mill Doctor's Story, Dutch Advertisement, Dutchman and the Raven Dutch Security— Dutch Earlv Bird, The Gentle Mule, The Granny Whar You Gwine? Girl of Culture, Goin' Somewhere— Yankee Go -Morrow, or Lot's Wife Hard Witness, A Horse that Wins the Race How a Woman Does It How Buck was Brought to Time— Yankee Dialect How Uncle Fin had the Laugh on the Boys Humming Top, The In der Shweed Long Ago Inquisitive Boy, The Irishman's Perplexity, An Jim Onderdonk's Sunday- School Oration John Chinaman's Protest Juvenile Inquisitor, A Malony's Will-Irish Dialect Mark Twain on the 19th Century Mickey Feeny and the Priest Mine Moder-in-Law Mother's Doughnuts Mr. and Mrs Potterman Mr. Schmidt's Mistake Mr. Spoopendyke Hears Burglars O'Branigan's Drill Old Bill Stevens Old Erasmus' Temperance Pledge— Negro Dialect Ole Settlers' Meetun Parson Jinglejaw's Surprise Pat's Correspondence Pleasures of the Telephone Positively the Last Perfor- mance—Cockney Dialect Raven, The— Dutch Dialecfi Sad Fate of a Policeman Scripture Questions Sermon for the Sisters. A Solemn Book-Agent, The That Fire at Nolan's That Freckle-Faced Girl The Latest Barbara Friet- ehie— Dutch Dialect The Paper Don't Say Thikiiead's New Year's Call Tickled all Oafer 'Twas at Manhattan Beach Uncle Billy's Disaster Uncle Mel'lick Dines with his Master— Negro Dialect Uncle Remus' Tar Baby Uncle Reuben's Baptism United Order of Half-Shells Waiter's Trials, A Warning to Woman. A Ways of Girls at the Play Western Artist's Accom- plishments, A Wily Bee, The Woman's Description of a Play, A Yaller Dog, The Original Love Story, An Our Debating Club Bound in Boards * . ....". 30 CtS. Pa per Covers 50 cts . Barton's Comic Recitations and Humorons Dialogues. Containing a variety of Comic Recitations in Prose and Poetry, Amusing Dialogues, Burlesque Scenes, Eccentric Orations, Humorous Interludes and Laughable Farces. How thev Pop the Question The Clever Idiot The Knights How the Lawyer got a Patron Saint Josh Billings on Laughing Night after Christmas A Change of System— for 2 males and 1 female Citizen an d the Thieves Bogg's Dogs The Smack in School The Tinker and the Miller's Daughter An Original Parody The Parsons and the Cork- screw The Old Gentleman who Married a Young Wife — Stage-StruckDarkey — Inter- lude for males A Prologue to Open an En tertainment The St age-Struck Hero Here She Goes— and There She Goes Pastor M'Knock's Address Old Sugar's Courtship The Bachelor's Reasons for Taking a Wife The Spanish Valet and the Maid— Dl alogue for 1 male and 1 Female. The Jackdaw of Rhelms Jonathan and the English- man Artemus Ward's Trip Auctioneer and the Lawyer Mr and Mrs. Skinner The Bachelor and the Bride Drunkard and his Wife A Western Lawyer's Plea against the Fact Reading a Tragedy Cast-off Garments How to Cure a Cough The Soldier's Return Countrymen and the Ass Come and Go Goody Grim versus Lapstone — dialogue for 4 males The Woman of Mind Wanted, a Confederate- Farce for 4 males Lodgings for Single Gentle- men Paper Covers. Price 30 CtS« Bound in Boards, cloth back 50 CtS« Nursery Reminiscences The Farmer and the Coun cellor The Pugilists How Pat Saved his Bacon The Irish Drummer Mike Hooter's Bear Story The Critic Mr. Caudle Wants a Latch Key Humbugging a Tourist The Widow's Victim— for 2 males and 1 female Josh Rillings on the Mule Tinker and' the Glazier Wonderful Dream— Negro Dialogue for 2 males An Occasional Address— For a Lady's First Appearance An Occasional Prologue — For Opening a Perfor- mance Address on Closing a Per- formance A Prologue for a Perfor- mance by Boys An Epilogue for a School Performance Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Tambo's End-Men's Minstrel Gags. Containing some of tha best jokes and repartees of the most celebrated " burnt cork " performers of our day. Tambo and Boues in all sorts and manner of scrapes. Also containing a rich collection of Ballads, humorous and pathetic; Darkey- Dialogues, Sketches, Plantation Scenes, Eccentric Doings, Humorous Lectures, Laughable Interludes, Huge Africanisms, Burlesque Stump Speeches, Mirth-provoking Witticisms, Conundrums, Yarns, Plantation Songs and Dances, etc., etc. In short a complete Hand-Book of Burnt Cork Drollery, which will be found alike useful to the professional and amateur. Everything new and rich. Paper covers 30 cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back.. 50 CtS. Tony Denier's Parlor Tableaux, or Living Pictures. Con- taining about eighty popular subjects, with plain and explicit directions for arranging the stage, dressing-room, lights, full description of cos- tumes, duties of stage manager, properties and scenery required, and all the necessary directions for getting them up. Among the contents there are nine tableaux for male and an equal number for female characters only. A great number of them introduce groups of boys, and many more groups of girls only ; others again introducing both ; and still more in which entire classes can take part. Everything is stated in a plain, simple manner, so that it will be easily understood ; everything like style or un- necessary show has been avoided. For public or private entertainment, there is nothing which is so interesting as the tableau. Price 25 Cts- Tony Denier's Secret of Performing Shadow Pantomimes. Showing how to get them up and how to act in them; with full and con- cise instructions and numerous illustrations. Also full and complete descriptions of properties and costumes. Price 25 Cts- Dick's One Hundred Amusements for Evening Parties, Picnics and Social Gatherings. This book is full of Original Novelties. It contains : New and A (tractive Games, clearly iU I A variety of new and ingenious puzzles. lustrated by means of Witty Ex- amples^ showing how each may be most successfully played. Surpassing Tricks,easy of performance. Musical and other innocent sells. Comical illusions, fully described. These surprising and grotesque illu- sions are very startling in their effects, and present little or no diffi- culty in their preparation. ALSO AN ENTIRELY NEW VERSION OF THE CELEBRATED " MRS. JARLEX's WAX WORKS." The whole being illustrated by sixty fine wood engravings. Illuminated paper cover 30 cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 cts. Dick's Progressive Poker. This Game presents decided ad- vantages over Euchre for "Progressive" purposes. It is far more inter- esting; distinctly the American game, and is played for prizes in the same manner as Progressive Euchre. Paper covers 25 CtS* Burton's Amateur Actor. A complete guide to Private Theat- ricals; giving plain directions for arranging, decorating and lighting the Stags; with rules and suggestions for mounting rehearsing and per- forming all kinds of Plays, Parlor Pantomimes and Shadow Pantomimes. Illustrated with numerous engravings, and including a selection of original Plays, with Prologues, Epilogues, etc. 16 mo, illuminated paper cover 30 c tg. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 cts. RECITATIONS AND DIALOGUES. Dick's Series of Recitations and Readings. Nos. 1 to 16 Dick's Dutch, French and Yankee Recitations. Dick's Irish Recitations. Dick's Comic and Dialect Recitations. Dick's Diverting Dialogues. Dick's Dialogues and Monologues. Dick's Comic Dialogues. McBride's Funny Dialogues- McBride's Comic Dialogues. McBride's All Kinds of Dialogues. McBride's New Dialogues. McBride's Humorous Dialogues. McBride's Temperance Dialogues. McBride's Comic Speeches and Recitations. Frost's Dialogues for Young Folks. Frost's Humorous and Exhibition Dialogues. Frost's New Dialogues. Kavanaugh's Comic Pieces for Very Little Children. Kavanaugh's Humorous Dramas. Kavanaugh's Juvenile Speaker, for Very Little Children. Kavanaugh's Exhibition Reciter, for Very Little Children, Kavanaugh's New Speeches and Dialogues. Holmes' Very Little Dialogues for Very Little Folks. Graham's School Dialogues for Young People. Steele's Exhibition Dialogues. Martine's Droll Dialogues and Laughable Recitations. Beecher's Recitations and Readings. Howard's Recitations ; Comic, Serious ard Pathetic. Wilson's Recitations for School Declamation. Spencer's Comic Speeches and Recitations. Barton's Comic Recitations and Dialogues. The price of each of the above books in paper covers is 36 cents ; or bound in boards, with cloth back, 50 cents ; sent by mail, postage paid, to any address on receipt of the price. Send for catalogue, mailed free, giving full contents of each book, and the number and sex of the characters required fo* the dialogues. THEATRICALS, TABLEAUX, ETC. Amateur Theatricals and Fairy-Tale Dramas. Containing Original Plays for the Drawing-Room. Alice in Wonderland and other Fairy Plays. Four Ju- enile Dramas, with Songs and Music, complete. Barmby's Plays for Young People. Original Plays with Songs, Choruses and Music for Parlor Performance. Howard's Drawing-Room Theatricals. Containing short Plays in One Act and One Scene, for the Parlor. Hudson's Private Theatricals for Home Performance. Short Plays Expressly for Amateur Performance. Parlor Theatricals; or Winter Evenings' Entertainment. Dramatic Amusements and Comic Plays, Illustrated. Kavanaugh's Humorous Dramas. Comedies and Farces appropriate for Parlor Performance. Burton'.S Amateur Actor. A Complete Guide to Private Theatricals, with Full Directions for Rehearsing. Frost's Tableaux and Shadow Pantomimes. A Collection of Tableaux, and Instructions for Shadow Pantomimes. Frost's Dramatic Proverbs and Charades. Expressly for Dramatic Performance, and Illustrated by Tableaux. Frost's Parlor Acting Charades. Arranged as Short Come- dies and Farces adapted for Parlor Performance. HVgent's Burlesque and Musical Acting Charades. Ar- ranged as Comedies and Parlor Operas with Music. Bru&der Bones' Stump Speeches and Burlesque Orations. Darkey Dialogues, Lectures and Plantation Scenes. Dick's Ethiopian Scenes, Variety Sketches and Speeches. Negro Farces, Jokes, Lectures, Sermons and Gags. Tambo's End-Men's Minstrel Gags. Darkey Oddities, Ethi opian Dialogues, Plantation Acts, and Minstrel Jokes. Tick's Parlor Exhibitions. Containing Living Statuary, Trick-Pantomimes, and many other Amusing Parlor Performances. Price of each, 30 cts. 5n paper covers, or 50 cts. in boards, mailed on receipt u? prieo. Send for descriptive Catalogue free. DICK & VITZG-ERALD, Publishers, P, O, Box 291& IS ANTV ST„ I«EW YOBK, Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Dick's Letter Writer for Ladies. Consisting of over Five Hundred entirely original Letters and Notes, with various replies, on every subject and occasion that a Lady in good society could possibly re* quire. They are all new and written expressly for this work. These letters, &c, are excellent models ©f ease and elegant style, facility in method of expression, and correct form ; they furnish, therefore, valuable aid to Ladies who, however otherwise accomplished, are de^cient in the necessary acquirement of the graceful and properly-worded correspond- ence which their social position demands. 268 pages, large 16 mo. .bound in Boards 50 cts. Andersen's Checkers. Complete Instructions and Rales for playing Checkers or Draughts. Illustrated with Diagrams, including all the Standard Games and their Variations, and numerous Problems with their Solutions. By Andrew Anderson. Eevised Edition. Cloth . . . .1.50 Pitman's Mannal of Phonography. A Complete System of Phonetic Shorthand. This is a New Edition of the original work by Isaac Pitman, the founder ®f the system now in general use. Boards. . .35 Cts. Pole On Whist. The Theory of the Modern Scientific Game of Whist. By William Pole, F. R. S. This complete and exhaustive Treatise on the Game is in handy form for the pocket, and affords lucid instructions at all stages of the game for partners to play in com- bination for their best interests. 14th Edition 20 Cts. Dick's Comic Dialogues. A collection of Easy and Effective Dramatic Dialogues specially adapted for performance by Young Peo|4*, Eight of the Dialogues are for males only, requiring from two to six char, acters ; the remaining pieces are for both sexes. They are all bright, witty, very entertaining, and full of droll and effective "situations" and have been selected to fulfill the special conditions of the best dramatic effect and the least possible difficulties of costumes and scenery. 184 pages, 16 mo., paper covers 30 cts. Bound in boards 50 c tg", Ogden's Model Speeches for all School Occasions. Con- taining Original Addresses and Orations on everything appertaining to School Life ; comprising Set Speeches on all occasions connected with Schools, Academies and Colleges, for School Officers as well as for Teachers and Students of both sexes, with appropriate replies. By Christol Ogden . This original work contains over eae-hundred telling speeches and replies for Speeches on Opening and Dedicating New Schools and Academies. All Kinds of School Ceremonials . Salutatory and Valedictory Addresses. Burlesque Speeches. Addresses to Teachers. Prologues and Epilogues for School Exhibitions. Presentations and Conferring Honors. \ Anniversary Congratulations. Including practical hints on Extempore speaking, with a dissertation on the selection of appropriate topics, suitable style, and effective delivery, and also valuable advice to those who lack confidence when addressing the Public. Paper covers 50 cts. Bound in boards...., ,, 75 cts' Popular Books sent Iree of Postage at the Prices annexed. Dick's Original Album Verses and Acrostics. Containing Original Yerses For Autograph Albums; To Accompany Bouquets; For Birthday Anniversaries; For Wooden, Tin, Crystal, Silver and Golden Weddings; For Album Dedications; To Accompany Philepena Forfeits; For Congratulation; For Valentines in General, and dH Trades and Professions. Xt contains also Two Hundred and Eighteen Original Acrostic Verses, the t initial letters of each verse forming a different Lady's Christian name, ! the meaning and derivation of the name being appended to each. The primary object of this book is to furnish entirely fresh and unhaokneyed matter for all who may be called upon to fill and adorn a page in a Lady'a Album ; but it contains also new and appropriate verses to suit Birthday, Wedding, and all other Anniversaries and Occasions to which verses of Com' pliment or Congratulation are applicable. Paper covers. Price. .50 cts. Bound in full cloth " . .75 cts. The Debater, Chairman's Assistant, and Rules of Order. A manual for Instruction and Keference in all matters pertaining to the Management of Public Meetings according to Parliamentary usages. It comprises : How to Form and Conduct all ki'rcds of Associations and Clubs; How to Organize and Arrange Public Meetings, Celebrations, Dinners, Pic- nics and Conventions; Forms for Constitutions of Lyceums or Institutes, Literary and other Societies; Tlie Powers and Duties of Officers, with Forms for Treasurers' , Secretaries' , and other Official Reports; The Formation and Duties of Commit- tees; Rules of Order, and Order of Business, with Mode of Procedure in all Cases. How to draft Resolutions and other Written Business; A Model Debate, introducing the greatest possible variety of points of order , with correct Decisions by the Chairman; The Rules of Order, in Tabular Form, for instant reference in all Cases 0) Doubt that may arise enabling a Chaii ■ man to decide on all points at 4 glance. The Work is divided into different Sections, for the purpose of Consecutive Instruction as well as Ready Reference, and includes all Decisions and Rulings up to the present day. Paper covers . 30 Cts. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 cts. Dick's Ethiopian Scenes, Variety Sketches J and Stump Speeches. Containing End-Men's Jokes, ■Negro Interludes and Farces; Dialect Sketches and Eccentricities; Fresh Dialogues for Interlocutor and Dialogues and Repartee for Interlocutor Banjo; and Bones; New Stump Speeches; Quaint Burlesque Sermons; Humorous Lectures; Jokes, Quips and Gags. It includes a number of Amusing Scenes and Negro Acts, and is full of the side-splitting vagaries of the best Minstrel Troupes in existence, besides a number of Original Eecitations and Sketches in the Negro Dialect. 178 pages, paper covers. . 30 cts- Bound in boards, cloth back 50 eta Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Dick's Dutch, French and Yankee Dialect Recitations. An unsurpassed Collection of Droll Dutch Blunders, Frenchmen's Funny Mistakes, and Ludicrous and Extravagant Yankee Yarns, each Recitation being in its own peculiar dialect. To those who make Dialect Recitations a speciality, this Collection will be of particular service, as it contains all the best pieces that are incidently scattered through a large number of vol- umes of "Recitations and Readings," besides several new and excellent eketches never before published. 170 pages, paper cover 30 ctS. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 ctS. Dick's Irish Dialect Recitations. A carefully compiled Collection of Rare Irish Stories, Comic, Poetical and Prose Recitations, Humorous Letters and Funny Recitals, all told with the irresistible Humor of the Irish Dialect. This Collection contains, in addition to new and orig- inal pieces, all the very best Recitations in the Irish Dialect that can be gathered from a whole library of "Recitation" books. It is full of the sparkling witticisms and queer conceits of the wittiest nation on earth, and apart from its special object, it furnishes a fund ©f the most entertaining matter for perusal in leisure moments. 170 pages, paijer cover 30 CtS. Bound in boards, cloth back , 50 CtS. Worcester's Letter-Writer and Book of Business Forms for Ladies and Gentlemen. Containing Accurate Directions for Conducting Epistolary Correspondence, with 270 Specimen Letters, adapted to every Age and Situation in Life, and to Business Pursuits in General ; with an Appendix comprising Forms for Wills, Petitions, Bills, Receipts, Drafts, Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Executors' and Administrators' Accounts, etc., etc. The Orthography of the entire work is based on Worcester's method, which is coming more and more into general use. This work is divided into two parts, the portion applicable to Ladies being kept distinct from the rest of the book, in order to provide better facilities for ready reference. 216 pages. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 CtS. Dick's Hand-Book Of Cribbage. Containing full directions for playing all the Varieties of the Game, and the Laws which govern them. This work is entikely new, and gives the eorrect method of play- ing the Six-Card, Five-Card, Two-Handed, Three-Handed, and Four-Handed Varieties of the Game, with instructive examples, showing clearly all the combinations of Hand, Crib, and Play, with a thorough investigation of long sequences m play, and the value of Hands. The Laws of the game have been carefully revised in accordance with the recognized usages of the present time, and constitute a reliable authority on all points of the Game. 18 mo. Cloth, Flexible ...50 CtS. Pick's Art of Gymnastics. Containing practical and pro- gressive exercises applicable to all the principal apparatus of a well-ap- pointed Gymnasium. Profusely illustrated. This work conveys plain and thorough instruction in the exercises and evolutions taught by the leading Professors of Gymnastics; eo that proficiency may be attained, even without the aid of a Teacher. It also offers to Teachers a ready-arranged systematic course for their guidaace. Artistically bound in cloth, 4to $100 Dick's Dialogues and Monologues. Containing entirely or- iginal Dialogues, Monologues, Faeces, etc., etc., expressly designed for parlor performance, full of humor and telling "situations," and requiring the least possible preparation •£ C©stJfcie& and Scenery t« make them thoroughly affective. 180 pages. 16 mo , paper cover 30 Cta Bound in boardu. cloth back. 50 CtS. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Dr. Valentine's Comic Lectures; or, Morsels of Mirth for the Melancholy. A certain cure for the "blues " and all other serious complaints. Containing Comic Lectures on Heads, Faces, Noses and Mouths ; Comic Lectures on Animal Magnetism ; Humorous Specimens of Stump Eloquence ; Burlesque Specimens of Eloquence ; Transactions of Learned Societies ; Comical Delineation of Eccentric Characters -, Amusing Colloquies and Monologues ; Laughable Duologues and Charac- teristic Drolleries. Illustrated with twelve portraits of Dr. Valentine in his most celebrated characters. 192 pages. Paper cover. Price . . 30 cts. Mrs. Partington's Carpet-Bag of Fun. Containing the Queer Sayings of Mrs. Partington, and the Funny Doings of her remarkable Son Isaac. Also the most amusing collection estant of Playful Puns, Phunny Poems, Pleasing Prose, Popular Parodies, and Political Pasquinades ; Rhymes Without Reason and Reason Without Rhymes, Anecdotes, Conun- drums, Anagrams, and, in fact, all other kinds of Grams. Illustrated with 100 most amusing engravings, prepared expressly for this work from iiesigna by the most eminent Comic Artists. Ornamented paper cover 30 cts. McLaren's Training in Theory and Practice. Giving the best modern methods of Training for all the popular Athletic Sports arid Exercises. Paper covers 50 Cts. Chips from Uncle Sam's Jack-Knife. Illustrated with over 100 Comical Engravings, and comprising a collection of over 500 Laugha- ble Stories, Funny Adventures, Comic Poetry, Queer Conundrums, Ter- rific Puns and Sentimental Sentences. Large octavo 25 Cts. Fox's Ethiopian Comicalities. Containing Strange Sayings, Eccentric Doings, Burlesque Speeches, Laughable Drolleries and Funny Stories, as recited by the celebrated Ethiopian Comedian 10 cts. Ned Turner's Circus Joke Book. A collection of the best Jokes, Bon Mots, Repartees, Gems of Wit and Funny Sayings and Doings of the celebrated Equestrian Clown and Ethiopian Comedian, Ned Turner . 10 cts. Ned Turner's Black Jokes. A collection of Funny Stories, Jokes and Conundrums, interspersed with Witty Sayings and Humorous Dialogues, as given by Ned Turner, the celebrated Ethiopian Delin- eator 10 cts. Ned Turner's Clown Joke Book- Containing the best Jokes and Gems of Wit, composed and delivered by the favorite Equestrian Clown, Ned Turner. Selected and arranged by G. E. G 10 Cts. Charley White's Joke Book. Containing a full expose" of all the most Laughable Jokes, Witticisms, etc., as told by the celebrated Ethiopian Comedian, Charles White 10 cts. Black Wit and Darky Conversations. By Charles White. Containing a large collection of laughable Anecdotes, Jokes, Stories, Wit- ticisms and Darky Conversations 10 Cts. Yale College Scrapes ; or, How the Boys Go it at New Haven. This is a book of 114 pages, containing accounts of aU the fa- mous "grapes " and " Sprees " of which Students of Old Yale have been «uttty for the last Quarter of a century, ,,....., , 25 eta. Popular Books sew tfree of Postage at the Prices annexed. r ■ . .. i i r -. ^ flow to Conduct a Debate. A Series of Complete Debates, Outlines of Debates and Questions for Discussion. Di the complete de- bates, the questions for discussion are defined, tke debate formally opened, an array of brilliant arguments adduced on either side, and the debate closed according to parliamentary usages. The second part consists ol questions for debate, with heads of arguments, for and against, given in a condensed form, for the speakers to enlarge upon to suit their own . fancy. In addition to these are a large collection of debatable questions. 'The authorities to be referred to for information being given at the close ©f every debate throughout the work. By F. Rowton. 232 pages. . Paper covers , 50 Cts /Bound in boards, cloth back 75 Ct9 The Amateur Trapper and Trap-Maker's Guide. A com- plete and carefully prepared treatise on the art of Trapping, Snaring and Netting. This comprehensive work is embellished with fifty engraved il- lustrations ; and these, together with the clear explanations which accom- pany them, will enable anybody of moderate comprehension to make and set any of the traps described. It also gives the baits usually employed by the most successful Hunters and Trappers, and exposes their secret methods of attracting and catching animals, birds, etc., with scarcely a possibility of failure. Large 16mo, paper covers 50 Cts Bound in boards, cloth back 75 Ctfl How to Write a Composition. The use of this excellent hand- book will save the student the many hours of labor too often wasted in trying to write a plain composition. It affords a perfect skeleton of one hundred and seventeen different subjects, with their headings or divi- sions clearly defined, and each heading filled in with the ideas which the subject suggests ; so that all the writer has to do, in order to produce ft good composition, is to enlarge on them to suit his taste and inclination 178 pages, paper covers 30 Ct| Bound in boards, cloth back 50 Cta Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor; or, Guide to the Three Symbolic Degrees of the Ancient York Rite, Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason. And to the Degrees of Mark Master, Past Master Most Excellent Master, and the Royal Arch. By Malcom C. Duncan. E* plained and Interpreted by copious Notes and numerous Engravings, This is a valuable book for the Fraternity, containing, as it does, the Modern " Work" of the order. No Mason should be without it. Bound in cloth. $2 50 Leather tucks (pocket-book style), with gilt edges 3 00 The Laws Of Athletics. How to Preserve and Improve Health, Strength, and Beauty -and to Correct Personal Defects caused by Want of Physical Bxercise. How to Train for Walking, Running, Row- ing, etc. with the Systems of the Champion Athletes of the World. In* eluding the Latest Laws of all Athletic Games and How to Play Them, By William Wood P. ofessor of Gymnastics. Paper cover 25 eta, Jerry Thomas' Bar-Tender's Guide ; or, How to Mix all kinds Of Fancy Drinks. An entirely new edition; new plat a; new drinks. Containing clear and reliable directions for mixing all the beverages used in the United States. Embracing Punches, Juleps, Cobblers, Cocktails, etc., etc., in endless variety. By Jerry Thomas. This work also contains the best receipts for preparing bottled Punch, bottled Cocktails, Punch Essences, etc., after the most approved methods ; also, all the newest Egg NoggB, Fizzes, Slings. Sours, and other Fancy Drinks in endless variety. 16mo, illuminated paper cover 50 cts. lfiiao, cloth. .75 cts. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. McBride's New Dialogues. Especially designed for School and Literary Amateur Entertainments ; containing entirely New and Origi- nal Dialogues, introducing Irish, Yankee, and other eccentric characters. By H. Elljott McBbide. Contents. A Happy Woman. The Somnambulist. Those Thompsons. Playing School. Tom and Sally. Assisting Hezekinh. A Visit to the Oil Regions. Breaking vp (he Exhibition. Turning Around. A Little Boy's Debate. The Silver Lining. Restraining Jotham. A Shoemaker's Troubles. I6mo, 178 pages, illuminate! paper Bound in boards A n Uncomfmrtable Predicament. The Opening Spt(ch. The Cucumber Hill Debating Club. Married by the New Justice. Bread on the Waters. An Unsuccessful Advance. When Women Have Their RiglUs. Only Another Footprint. Rosabella's Love) s. A Smart Boy. A Heavy Shower. Master of the Situation. cover.. . .' 30 CtS» 50ctS Dick's Art Of Wrestling". A Hand-Book of thorough in- struction in Wrestling, with the accepted Rules to be observed in the different methods of wrestling generally adopted at the present time. Fully illustrated by well-designed engravings, exhibiting all the ag- gressive and defensive positions necessary for success 25 cts. Dick's Book of Toasts, Speeches and Responses. Contain- ing Toasts and Sentiments for Public and Social Occasions, and specimen Speeches with appropriate replies suitable for the following occasions : Public Dinners, Sod j I Dinners, Convivial Gatherings, Art and Professional Banquets, Manufacturers' Meetings, Agricultural and Commercial Festivals, Special Toasts for Ladies, Christmas, Thanksgiving and other Fes- tivals. Friendly Meetings, Weddings ar,d their Anniversaries, Army and Navy Banquets, Patriotic and Political Occasions, Trades' Unions and Dinners, Benedicts' and Bachelors' Banquets. Masonic Celebrations, Sporting Coteries, All Kinds of Occasions. This work includes an instructive dissertation on the Art of making amusing After-dinner Speeches, giving hints and directions by the aid of which persons with only ordinary intelligence can make an entertaining and telling speech. Also, Correct Rules and Advice for Presiding at Table. The use of this work will render a poor and diffident speaker fluent and witty — and a good speaker better and wittier, besides affording an im- mense fund of anecdotes, wit and wisdom, and other serviceable matter to draw upon at will. Paper covers. Price 30 CtS. Dinner Napkins, and How to Fold Them. Containing plain and systematic directions for arranging and folding Napkins or Serviettes for the Dinner Table, from the simplest forms to the most elaborate and artistic designs. By Geor^iar.a C. Clark. This little work embraces all the* favorite designs in general use for trans- forming a plain Napkin Into one of the -most attractive and ornamental appendages to an elegantly arranged Dinner-Table. Some of the patterns "being expressly intended for combining artistic display with floral decora- tion, appropriately symbolic of Bridal and other special occasions. <£rofusely illustrated 25 Cts. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices aiiaexed. of the Dick's Games of Patience; or Solitaire with Cards. New and Revised Edition. Containing Sixty -four Games. Illustrated -with Fifty ex- planatory full-page Tableaux. This" treatise en Solitaire, a pastime which is steadily gaining in popularity, embraces a number of new and original Games, and aH the Games of Patience at present in favor with the most experienced players. This comprehei sive work contains the following Games : — The Be ie- t Wood. The House-on the Hill. The Grand Duchess. The Constitution. The Fourteen*. Napoleon's t avrite. J he Fifteen Pu:zle. The Contri-Dance. The Betrothal. The J\'einforcem.ent&. The Reserve. The Frcg. The Pt/ramid. Tfn Quadrille. The Chatelaine. The Order of Precedence. The Cong/ ess. Thirteen Down. The Octngen. Light and Shade. St. Louis. Rouge el Noir. The Blondes and Bru- nettes. , The Royal Coiil ion. Nestor. §1 CO Dick's Parlor Exhibitions, and How to Make them Suc- cessful. Containing complete and detailed directions for preparing and arranging Parlor Exhibitions and Amateur Performances. It includes : Tableaux Vivanls. Living Portraits. Living Statuary. Dome History's Peep Show. Shi 'dow Pantomimes. ' opular Ba lads illustrattd by appr^ rria'e action. ^harades (fa I 1c nds. P'rl r Pantomimes Punch and Judy. AND FIFTV OTHEK DIVERTING PARLOR PASTIMES AND AMUSEMENTS. It contains also a full Catalogue of the celebrated ' Art Exhibition," and a practical treatise on the wonderful Science of Second-Sight, by the aid of w.'iich all the startling effects and achievements of second-sight may be performed by any one possessing a tolerable retentive memory. This work is thoroughly practical and gives the fullest instructions for pre- paring and lighting the stage, the construction of the Frames for Living Porti 41ts, and shows how each performance can be presented with com- plete success. It is illustrated with numerous engravings explaining the text. 150 pages, paper cover 3(f c ^g Bound in boards, cloth back 50 C fo Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Dick's Commercial Letter Writer, and Book of Business Forms. Containing entirely original Models of Letters on all business subjects, with appropriate replies ; also, several specimens of Continuous Correspondence, exhibiting by a series of Letters, the commencement, pro- gress, a:ul completion of Mercantile Transactions. By William B. Lick. This work includes correct forms for Business Notices and Cards, and Part nership Announcements; for Applications for Employment and neatly- worded Answers to Inquiries and Advertisements; for occasional Circu- lars, properly displayed, and for drawing up Business Documents, Notes, Checks, Receipts, Mortgages, Assignments, Wills, Power of Attorney, Let- ters of Credit, Account-Sales, Accounts Current, Invoices, Bills of Lading. &c, and the correct method of adjusting General and Particular Averages. It contains, in addition, a Glossary of Technical Terms used in Commerce; a rapid and simple method of computing Interest; a Table showing the value of .Foreign Coins in United States' Currency; and other useful, practical and interesting information. 200 pages, 16mo., Bound in Boards 50 CtS, Lester's " Look to the East." (Webb Work.) AKitualof the FirstTbree Degrees of Masonry. Containing the complete work of the Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason's Degrees, and their Ceremonies, Lectures, etc. Edited by Ralph P. Lester. This complete • and beautiful Pocket Manual of the First Three Degrees of Masonry, is printed in clear, legible type, and not obscured by any attempts at cypher or other perplexing contractions. It gives the correct routine of The Entire Ceremonies of Initiating, Passing and Raising Candidates. The Lfctures all R dually and Mon- Oprning and Closing the Lodge in each Degree. Galbng Off and Calling On. Cutiing tke Lodge Up and Down* itorially Complete. Bound in cloth $2 00 Leather tucks (pocket-book style) gilt edgesjr* 2.50 Dick's Mysteries of the Hand; or, Palmistry made Easy. Translated, Abridged and Arranged from the French Works of Desbarrolles, D'Arpentigny and De Para d'Hermes. This book is a concise summary ol the elaborate works of the above-naraea authorities on Palmistry. The various lines and mounts on the palm of the hand, and the typieal formation of the hand and fingers are all clearly explained and illustrated by diagrams. The meaning to be deduced from the greater or less develop- ment of these mounts and lines (each of which has its own signification), also from the length, thickness and shape of the thumb and fingers, and from the mutual bearing theyexereise on each other, is all distinctly explained. Complete facility for instant reference is insured by means of marginal notes by which any point of detail may be found and consulted at a glance. By means of thi i book the hitherto occult mystery of Palmistry is made simple and easy, and the whole Art may be acquired without difficulty or delay. It is emphatically Palmistry in a nutshell, and by its use, char- acter an 1 disposition can be discerned and probable future destiny fore- told with surprising accuracy, niuminated paper cover 50 CtS. p'ck's Hand-Hook Of Whist. Containing Tole's and Clay's Rules for ^laying the mwdern scientific game; the Club Rules of Whist,' and two interesting Double Dummy Problems. This isa thorough treatise on the game of Whist, taken from " Thft American Hoyle " which is the standard authority. It covers all the points and intricacies which arise in the game; including the acknowledged code of etiquette observed by the players, with Drayson's remarks on Trumps, their use and abuse, and all the modern methods of signalling between partners. Price 25 Cta. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Pollard's Artistic Tableaux. With Pict'u-e^ue Diagrams and Descriptions of Costumes. Text by Josephine Pollard ; arrangement of Diagrams by Walter Satterlee. This excellent work gives all the necessary information in relation to the preparation of the stage, the dressing and grouping of the characters, and the method of arranging everything so as to produce the proper effects. Simple and easy of con- struction as tableaux appear to be to tho*=e who sit before the curtain, any one who has assisted in their preparation knows that they must be well studied and carefully arranged in order to produce really good and artistic effects. This manual is prepared with diagrams furnished by a distinguished artist who has had large experience in the arrange- ment of tableaux. Oblong, paper covers. Price 30 CtS. Talk of Uncle George to his Nephew About Draw Poker. Containing valuable suggestions in connection with this Great American Game ; also instructions and directions to Clubs and Social Card Parties, whose members play only for recreation and pastime, with timely warn- ings to young players. Illustrated. Quarto, Paper. Price 25 CtS. Holberton's Art of Angling"; or, How and Where to Catch Fish. A practical Hand-Book for learners in everything that pertains to the art of Fishing with Rod and Reel. By Wakeman Holberton. Jb'ully illustrated. It describes the special methods and appliances requisite to catch each variety o^ the finny tribe, and the most favorable localities to find them ; with practical hints on camping out, necessary outfit, and the best choice of apparatus and baits, etc. Cloth, flexible 50 cts. Proctor on Draw-Poker. A Critical Dissertation on " Pokei Principles and Chance Laws." By Prof. Richard A. Proctor. An in- teresting Treatise on the Laws and Usages which govern ihe Game of Draw-Poker, with Practical Remarks upon the Chances and Probabilities of the Game, and a Critical Analysis ol the Theories and Statistics ad- vanced by Blackbridge and other writers on the subject, and especially in regard to their doctrines relating to cumulative recurrences. Small quarto 15 CtS. Lander's Revised Work of Odd-Fellowship. Containing all the Lectures, complete, with Regulations for Opening, Conducting, and Closing a Lodge ; together with Forms of Initiation, Charges of the Various Officers, etc., with the Complete work in the following Decrees: Initiation ; First, or Pink Degree ; Second, or Royal Blue Degree ; Third, or Scarlet Degree. By Edwin F. Lander. This hand-book of the Revised Work of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellowship has been prepared in conformity with the amendments and alterations adopted by the Sover- eign Grand Lodge of Canada in September, 1880. 16mo, paper cover, 25 Ct3. The Jolly Joker ; or, a Laugh all Round. An Immense CoL lection of the Funniest Jokes, Drollest Anecdotes and most Side-Splitting Oddities in existence, profusely illustrated from beginning to end, in the most mirth-provoking style. The illustrations alone are sufficient for a constant and long-sustained series of good, square laughs for all lime. 12mo, 144 pages, illustrated cover 25 Ct°. Some Comicalities. A Whole Volume of Jolly Jokes, Quaint Anecdotes, Funny Stories, Brilliant Witticisms, and Crushing Conun- drums^ wtfch as many droU illustrations to the page — and every page at that— as* can be crowded into it. 144 pages, ninstrated cover 25 Cte. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Pr.ces annexed, Dick's Common Sense Letter Writer. Containing Three Hundred and Sixty Sensible Social and Business Letters with appropriate Answers on the following subjects : LetUrs of Apology. Letters of Remonstrance and Com- plaint. Letters of Love and Courtship. Letters of Invitation and Acceptance. Forms of Cards of Invitation. Notes of Postponement. Notes Offer inj Escort. Letters to Landlords and about Board and Apartments. Family Letters on Various Subjects. Business Correspondence. Litters on Miscellaneous Subjects. Letters of Introduction. Soliciting and Granting Favors. Accompanying Gifts. Arknow edging Gijts and Favors. Letters of Congratulation. Letters of Sympathy aid Condolence. Answers to Advertisements for Hep Wanted. Inquiries about Character and Ability. Recommendations of Character and Ability. Letters between Employers and Em- ployed. Accepting and Resigning Positions. Including Instructions for the arrangement of the different parts of a Letter, the Address, &c. By William B. Dick. The Letters are all original, and serve as eminent models of matter, expression and style, in plain but well-chosea language and clearness of diction; the great variety of letters on each subject offers a wide field for choice, and with, perh ips, a Utile u-oditication could be made available for every possible contingency. Bound in Boards, Cloth Back 50 Cts. pitman's Manual of Phonography. Containing a complete exposition of the system of Phonetic Short-hand, with numerous short- hand examples interspersed with the text, and exercises in reading. By Isaac Pitman, New Edition 35 CtS> Key to the Exercises in Pitman's Manual, a great help for students 15 Cts« Dick's Stump Speeches and Minstrel Jokes. Containing short and side-splitting Negro Acts and Farces, Eccentric Sketches, Stump Speeches, Darkey Lectures, End-Men's Jokes and Gags, Burlesque Ser- mons, Funuy Dialogues, and everything necessary foraseriesof first-class Minstrel Entertainments ; including the latest excruciations of modern Negro-Minstrelsy, and a number of startling originalities, risible rib- ticklers and hysterical button-starters. Dlluminated paper covers. Price 30 Cts. Bound in Boards 50 cts- Alexander's Calisthenics and Musical Drill for Infants. Containing Fifty-nine Exercises, with numerous Variations, introducing simple Oil isthenics and Swimming Motions, Bin g, Skipping and March- ing Exercises, profusely illustrated, with Piano'Music for every move- ment. A complete work on Recreitive Calisthenics for young children an 1 Primary School Classes. By A. Alexander, Professor of Calisthenics and Gymnastics. Paper covers 25 cts- Cruden's Calisthenic Training and Musical Drill. A Sys- tem of Physical Exercises as an aid to Teachers in Class Training. By George Cruden, A. M. This work contains complete instructions in Military Marching. Dumb-Bell, and Indian Club Exercises : including Musical Drill in Free Gymnastics, Dumb-Ben and Bar-Bell Exercises and Hoop Drill, with explanatory iUustrationB and Piano Music for every movement. Boards 50 Cts. Popular Books sent Free of Postaga at the Prices annexed. Monzert s Practical Distiller. A complete unci thorough Treatise ou the Art of Distilling and Rectifying Alcohol. Liquors, Essences, Liqueurs, etc., by the latest and most improved inethoua. By Leonard' Mouzert. This work includes practical directions for Malting, Mushing, and Ferment- ing ; Distilliug. Rectifying and Purifying; it gives detailed instructions for constructing .Stills, with all the connected appurtenances requisite for producing pure spirits, illustrated and explained by numerous dia- grams. Also, all the necessary appliances for distilling Essences, Per- fumes and Liqueurs, and for the best and most rapid method for the manufacture oi Vinegar, including also the French Apparatus for con- tinuous Distillation and Rectification combined in one process. Ifc explains 1 he principles of Alcoholmetry, with all the matter requhed 'or ihe guidiuce of the practical distiller, and for testing the quality and strength of resaHing distillates, with correct Tables of comparative Per- centug s by weight md by volume, Degrees of Proof, and corresponding Specific Gravity. Bound in cloth, 12 mo $3.00. Frost's Twen y-Five Cent Let er- Writer. Containing Three Hundred Letters and appropriate Replies upon every imaginable subject of every-day life, including plain Directions on all the details which constitute a well-written Letter. By S. A. Frost. It would be difficult to find any want or occasion in life which requires corres- pondence that is not fairly supplied by some letter or letters in this com- prehensive collection, affording just what is needed or an excellent model which can be easily modified to fcuit the most peculiar circumsta~r_3s. P>-v-> .. ;..". ._. . . 5 cts- Robertson s Guide to the Game 01 Draught,.. jLmbracing all of the twenty-two well-known Openings, with 3 340 Variations, including and correcting all that are given in the leading treatises already published, with about 1 200 new and original Variations which appear for the first time in this work, forming a thorough and complete dige-itnnd analysis of th^ dime with corrections and additions up to the present time. The number of m«>ves a^giegate nearly 100,(00 Match play by Y /fossip's Chess-Players' Ttx'. Book. It introduces a p; ■- liminary Game, elucidated step by step for the instruction of beginners. It gives a full and extended analysis of all the Openings and Gambits in general use, with illustrative Games analyticaUy explained, and a number of interesting Eud-Games and Strategic positions, calculated to Afford advanced players a more thorough insight into the intricacies oi'tne Game. Bound in Cloth. 156 pages 75 cts. "Trump's" Modern Pocket Hoyle. Containing ail the Games of Skill and Chance played in this Country at the present time, being au "authority on all disputed points." Paper covers 50 CtS» Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. The American Boy's Book of Sports and Games. A Re- positery of In and Ont-Door Amusements for Boys ;md Youths. Containing 600 large 12mo pages, lllu.-ir ac«l with nearly 7* o engravings, designed by "White, Hcrrick. Weir nnd Harvey, and engraved by JN". On-. This, is un- questionably the most attractive and valuable book ol iis kind ever issued in this or any other country, it was three jeai a in preparation, and cm- braces all the sports and gauie3 that tend to de\ clop tae physical constitu- tion, improve the mind and heart, and relieve the tedium of 1< is>:re lionrs. * both in the parlor and the Held. The engravings are in the first stvle of the ' art, and embrace eight fall-page ornamental titles, ami lVnr large colored : chromos, idustratii g the s"veral departments of the work, Leantir'ully printed ' on tinted paper.. Ihe book is issued in tin best style, being printed" on fine , sized paper, and handsomely bound. Extra cloth, gilt side and back, extra gold, beveled boards 32.00 •Mrs. Crowen's American Lady's Cookery Book. Giving every variety of information for ordinary and hobday occasions, and con- taining over l,2o0 Original Receipts for Preparing and Cooking Soups and Broths, Fish and Oysters, Clams, Mussels, Crabs and Terrapins, Meats of all kinds. Poultry and Game, Eggs and Cheese, Vegetables and Salads, Sauces of all kinds, fancy Desserts, Tuddings and Custards. Pies and Tarts, Bread and Biscuit, Bulls and 'Jakes, Preserves and Jellies, Pickles and Catsups, Potted Meats, etc., etc. ; with valuable hints on choosing and pur chasing all kinds of provisions, an preparing ripe fruits for the table. Bills of Fare for the guidance of young housekeepers, the arrangement of the table for Dinner Parties, tb's Etienette of the Dinner-table, Cookery for invalids, Carving made easy, ^to., the whole berng a complete system of American Cookery. By Mr&. T. J. Crowen. 48 ) pages, 12mo, cloth. . • $1,50 The Reason Why x>f Gsnsral Science. A careful collection of some thousards of Iteasons for things , which, though generally known, ^ are imperfectly anderstood. It is a complete Encyclopedia of Science ; and persons who ha»*e never had the advantage of a liberal education may. by the aid of this vo}un?e, acquire knowledge which the study ol years only would impart in the ordinary course.- It explains everything in Sciemo that can be \hought of, and the whole is arranged with a full index. 346 pages, bound in cloth, giit., and illustrated with numerous wood-cuts. .$1.50 Biblical Eeason WIlJ. A Handsome Book for Biblical Stu- dents, and a Guide to Family Seripture Headings. This work gives 1,484 Reasons, founded upon the Bible, ir*-thy of 11 place in the library of any home, work-shop, factory or laboratory ' Promi- nent among the immense mass of subjects treated of in the boo* %r« the following : The Art of Dyeing,- Hard, Soft and Toilet Soaps,- Tanning; • Distillation,- Imitation Liquors; Wines, Cardials and Sitters; Cider; Brewing-, Perfumery; Cologne Water and Perfumed Spirits Flavoring Essences, etc.; Cosmetics; Hair Dyes and Washes,- Pomades and Perfumed Oils; Tooth Powders, etc.,- Syrups; Alcohol and Alcoholmetry; Petroleum and Kerosene; Pleaching and Cleaning; Scouring and Cleansing; Vinegar; Siuces, Catsups and Pickles ,- Receipts for the Garden,- T<> Remove Stains, Spots, etc.; The Extermination of Vermin; Pyrotechny and Explosives; Cements, etc.; Soluble Glass; Waterproofing; Artificial Gems; Inks and Writing Fluids; Aniline Colors,- Liquid Colors; Paints and Pigments/ Drying Oils and Dryers; Painting and Paper-hanging/ Kalsomine and Whitewash; Oil and Spirit VarnisJies; Varnishing and Polishing; Lubricators; Japanning and Lacquering; Hoot and Harness Blacking; Photography ; Metals and Alloys; Soldering and Welding; Amalgams; Gilding, Silvering, etc.; Electrotyping, Electroplvtitig etc./ Medicinal Preparations; Patent Medicines; Medical Receipts,- Weights and Measures. .„* pages, royal octavo, cloth , . $5 qq Sheep "..; 6 ; Q q DICK & FITZG-ERALD, Publishers, Box 3975. « JffEW YORK. VgenU 'Wanted to Canvass for this Work . Subjects. Miscellaneous Speeches. Toasts and Sentiments for Public and Private Entertainments. Preambles and Resolutions of Con- gratulation, Compliment and Con- dolence. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the trices annexed. Barber's American Book of Ready-Made Speeches. Con- taining 159 original examples of Humorous and Serious speeches, suitable for every possible occasion where a speech may be called for, together with appropriate replies to each. Including: Presentation Speeches. Off-Hand Speeches pn a Variety oj Convivial Speeches. Festival Speeches. Addresses of Congratulation. Addresses of Welcome. Addresses of Compliment. Political Speeches. Dinner and Supper Speeches for Clubs, etc. With this book any person may prepare himself to make a neat little speech, or reply to one when called upon to do so. They are all short, appropriate and witty, and even ready speakers may profit by them. Paper 50 Cts. Bound ia boards, cloth back 75 Cts. Day's American Ready-Reckoner. By B. H. Day. This Heady-Reckoner is composed of Original Tables, which are positively cor- rect, having been revised in the must careful manner. It is a book of 192 pages, and embraces more matter than 500 pa?es of any other Reckoner. It contains: Tables for Rapid Calculations of Aggregate' Values. Wages, Sal- aries, Board, Interest Money, etc.; Tables of Timber and Plank Measure- ment ; Tables of Board and Log Measurement, and a great variety of Tables and useful calculations which it would be impossible to'enumerate in an adver- tisement of this limited space. All the information in this valuable book is given in a simple manner, and is made so plain, that any person can use it at once without any previous study or loss of time. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 cts. Bound in cloth, gilt back 75 cts. The Art and Etiquette of Making Love. A Manual of Love, Courtship and Matrimony. It tells Bow to cure bashfulness, How to break off an engagement, How to commence a courtship, How to act after an engagement, How to please a sweetheart or lover, How to act as bridesmaid or grooms How to write a love-letter, man, How to "pop the question," How the etiquette of a wedding and tM How to act before and after aproposal, after reception should be obserted, How to accept or reject a proposal, And, in fact, how to fulfill every duty and meet every contingency con nected with courtship and matrimony. 176 pages. Paper covers 30 cts. Bound in boards, cloth back [ 50 cts- £ rank Converse's Complete Banjo Instructor Withont a 1 Master. Containing a choice collection of Banjo Solos and Hornpipes, Wa*k Arounds, Keels and Jigs, Songs and Banjo Stories, progressively arranged and plainly explained, enabling the learner to become a proficient banjoist without the aid of a teacher. The necessary explanations accompanv each tune, and are placed under the notes on each page, plainly showing; tl* string required, the finger to be used for stopping it, the manner of strikt jg and the number of times it must be sounded. The Instructor is illust^-ited with diagrams and explanatory symbols. 100 pages. Bound in Y,ourds, cloth back 50 r^ Spayth's Draughts or Checkers for Beginners. This treat- ise was written by Henry Spayth, the ceiebrated player, and is by far the most complete and instructive elementary work on Draughts evertrab- iished. Cloth, gilt side -. . .7. 75 cii>. x txpular Books sent free of Postage at the Prices anaexel Rarey & Knowlson's Complete Horse Tamer and Farrier, A Sew and Improved Edition, containing : Mr. Rarey's Whole Secret ol Subduing and Breaking Vicions Horses ; His Improved Plan of Manajdne Young Colts, and Breaking them to the Saad'e, to Harness and the Sulky! Rules for Selecting a Good Horse, and for Feeding Horses. Also the Com- plete Farrier or Horse Doctor; being the result of fifty years' extensive practice of the author, John C. Knowlson, during his life an English Farrier of high popularity ; containing the latest discoveries in the cum of Spavin H- lustrated with descriptive engravings. Bound in boards, cloth back. 50 cts. How to Amuse an Evening Party. A Complete collection d Home Recreations. Profusely Illustrated with over Two Hundred fine tvood-cuts, containing Bound Games and Forfeit Games, Parlor Magic and Curious Puzzles, Comic Diversions and Parlor Tricks, Scientific Recreations and Evening Amusements. A young man with this volume may render him- self the beau ideal of a debghtful companion at every party and win the hearts of all the ladies, by his powers of entertainment. Bound in orna- mental paper covers SO cts Bound in boards, with cloth back .50 ct& Frost's Laws and By-Laws of American Society. A Com- plete Treatise on Etiquette. Containing plain and Reliable Directions for Deportment in every Situation in Life, by S. A. Frost, author of "Frosts Letter- Writer," etc. This is a book of ready reference on the usages of So- ciety at all times and on all occasions, and also a reliable guide in the details of deportment and polite behavior. Paper covers 30 cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back. 50 cts". Frost's Original Letter- Writer. A complete collection of Orig- inal Letters and Xotes, upon every imaginable subjeet of Every-Day Life, with plain directions about everything connected with writing a letter. By S. A. Frost. To which is added a comprehensive Table of Synonyms, alone worth double the price asked for the book. "We assure our readers that it is the best collection of letters ever published in this country; they are written in plain and natural language, and elegant in style without being high-flown. Bound in boards, cloth back, with ill umin ated sides 50 cts. North's Book of Love-Letters. With directions how to write •and when to use them, and 120 Specimen Letters, suitable for Lovers of any age and condition, and under all circumstances. Interspersed with the au- thor's comments thereon. The whole forming a convenient Hand-book of valuable information and counsel for the use of those who need friendly guidance and advice in matters of Love, Courtship and Marriage. By In- goldsby Korth. Bound in boards 50 cts. Bound* in cloth 75 Cts. How to Shine in Society; or, The Science of Conversation. Contain i ng the principles, laws and general usages of polite society, includ- ing easily applied hints and directions for commencing and sustaining an agreeable conversation, and for choosing topics appropriate to the time* place and company, thus affording immense assistance to the bashful and diffident. 16mo. Paper covers 25 cts. The Poet's Companion. A Dictionary of all Allowable Rhymes in the English Language. This gives the Perfect, the Imperfect and Allow- able Rhymes, and will enable you to ascertain to a certainty whether any word can be mated. It is invaluable to any one who desires to court the Muses, and is used by some of the best writers in the country 25 cts. Mind Yonr Stops. Pnnctnation made plain, and Composition simplified for Readers, Writers and Talkers 12 cts. Five Hundred French Phrases. A book giving all the French words and masms in general use in writing the English language. , .12 ct8> Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Biblical Things Not Generally Known. A collection of Facts, Notes, and Information concerning much, that is rare, quaint, curious, obscure, and little known in relation to Biblical subjects. This work is complete in two volumes, the second volume containing the entire index to both. The entire work is indispensable to Bible Students and Sunday School Teachers. The two volumes may be had separately or in sets, boxed. 12 mo, cloth. Each volume $1.50. Dick's Log And Lumber Measurer. A complete set of Tables, with full instructions for their use, showing at a glance the cubi- cal contents of logs and the feet of inch-boards they contain, the measure- ment of timber of all kinds and dimensions, and all other necessary infor- mation for measuring and estimating the value of lumber according to present usages. It includes also useful and practical Tables of Wages by the day, week, and month, and valuable statistical matter of interest to carpenters, builders, and the lumber trade. All the tables are new, re- liable, and proved correct. Bound in boards 25 Cts, The Art of Attack and Defence. A practical Manual of Fencing, Sword Exercise, Bayonet Practice and Boxing, affording thorough instructions in the modern method of Fencing, the mode of attack with sword against sword or bayonet, and with bayonet against sword or bay- onet, with the latest developments in the pugilistic art. By Major W. J. Elliott. This work is not only an excellent book of Instruction for be- ginners, but affords also advanced lessons for those who desire to become eminently proficient in any branch of the Art. Profusely illustrated 25 CtS. Dick's Diverting Dialogues, A collection of effective Drama- tic Dialogues, written expressly for this work by various authors, and adapted for Parlor Performances. They are short, full of telling "situa- tions," introducing easy dialect characters, and present the least possible difficulties in scenery and costume to render them exceedingly attractive. Including a complete Programme of "Living Pictures." Paper covers 30 Cts. Bound in Boards -. 50 cts. Dick's Comic and Dialect Recitations. A capital collection of comic Recitations, ludicrous Dialogues, funny Stories, laughable De- scriptive Pieces, and inimitable Parodies, in Yankee, Dutch, Irish, and Chi- nese Dialects, suitable for Evening Entertainments and Exhibitions. Edited by Wm. B. Dick. Paper covers 30 cts. Bound in boards 50 Cts. Pitman's Phonographic Teacher. A practical Guide to Phonography or Phonetic Short-hand. By Isaac Pitman. New and re- vised edition. This is the original work by the inventor of the system, with all the improvements to the present day, and acknowledged to be the best method fur Short-hand writers 15 cts. Key to the Phonographic Teacher. An efficient aid to the learner in practicing and applying Pitman's Method of Short-hand, with exercises and explanations 15 Cts. Stimulants. An essay on their uses, with suggestions for re- forming the laws which control them in accordance with personal liberty and public welfare. By J. M. Emerson. "A masterly dissertation on this prominent and difficult topic." Small ito, cloth 50 Cts, Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Madame Le Normand's Fortune Teller. An entertaining book, said to have been written by Madame Le N ormand, the celebrated French Fortune Teller, who was frequently consulted by the Emp6ror Napoleon. A party of ladies arid gentlemen may amuse themselves for hours with this curious book. It tells fortunes by ,l The Chart of Fate " (a large Lithographic chart), and gives 624 answers to questions on every imag- inable subject that may happen in the future. It explaius a variety of ways for telling fortunes by Cards and Dice ; gives a list of 79 curious old su< perstitions and omens, and 187 weather omens, and winds up with the cele* brated Oraculum of Napoleon. We will not endorse this book as infallible; but we assure «ur readers that it is the source of much mirth whenever in troduced at a gathering of ladies and gentlemen. Bound in boards. 40 Cts. The Fireside Magician; or, The Art of Natural Magi« Made Easy. Being a scientific explanation of Legerdemain, Physical Amusement, Recreative Chemistry, Diversion with Cards, and of all the mysteries of Mechanical Magic, with feats as performed by Herr Alexander, Bobert Heller, Robert Houdin, " The Wizard of the North," and distin- guished conjurors— comprising two hundred and fifty interesting mental and physical recreations, with explanatory engravings. 132 pages, paper. 30 Cts. Bound in boards, cloth back. . 50 Cts. Howard's Book of Conundrums and Riddles. Containing over 1,200 of the best Conundrums, Biddies, Enigmas, Ingenious Catches and Amusing Sells ever invented. This splendid collection of curious para- doxes will afford the materialfor a never-ending feast of fun and amusement. Any person, with the assistance of this book, may take the lead in enter- taining a company, and keep them in roars of laughter for hours together. Paper covers 30 Cts. Bound in boards, cloth back , 50 cts. The Parlor Magician; or, Ore Hundred Tricks for the Drawing-Room. Containing an extensive and miscellaneous collection of Conjuring and Legerdemain, embracing: Tricks with Bice, Dominoes and Cards ; Tricks with Bibbons, Bings and Fruit ; Tricks with Coin, Hand- kerchiefs and Balls, etc. The whole illustrated and dearly explained with 121 engravings. -Paper covers 30 Cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 Cts. Book of Riddles and 500 Home Amusements. Containing a curious collection of Biddies, Charades and Enigmas ; Bebuses, Anagrams and Transpositions; Conundrums and Amusing Puzzles; Becreatious in Arithmetic, and Queer Sleights, and numerous other Entertaining Amuse- ments. Illustrated with 60 engravings. Paper covers 30 Cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 Cts, The Book of Fireside Games. Containing an explanation of a variety of Witty, Sollicking, Entertaining and Innocent Games and Amns- - ing Forfeits, suited to the Family Circle as a Becreation. This book is just the thing for social gatherings, parties and pic-nics. Paper covers. .30 Cts. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 Cts. The Book of 500 Curious Puzzles. Containing a large collec- tion of Curious Puzzles, Entertaining Paradoxes, Perplexing Deceptions in Numbers, Amusing Tricks in Geometry; illustrated with a great variety of Engravings. Paper covers 30 Cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 Cts. Parlor Tricks With Cards. Containing explanations of all the Tricks and Deceptions with Playing Cards ever invented. The whole illu* trated and made plain and easy with 70 engravings. Paper covers.. 30 cts. Bound in boards, with cloth back <- -....50 cts Popular Boom sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Day's Book-Keeping Without a Master. Containing the Ru- diments of Book-keeping in Single and Double Entry, together with ths proper Forms and Kules for opening and keeping condensed and general Book Accounts. This work is printed in a beautri'ulscript type, and hence com- bines the advantages of a handsome style of writing with its very simple and easily understood lessons in Book-keeping. The several pages have ex- planations at the bottom to assist the learner, in small type. As a pattern for opening book accounts it is especially valuable— particularly for those who are not well posted in the art. Day s Book-Keeping is the aize of a regular 4uaito Account Book, and is made to be flat open for convenience ia ase 50 cts» Che Young Reporter; or, how to Write Shorthand. A Complete Phonographic Teacher, intended as a School-book, to afford thorough instructions to those who have not the assistance of an Oral Teacher. By the aid ot this work, and the explanatory examples which are given as practical exercises, any person of the most ordinary in- telligence may learn to write Shorthand, and report Speeches andSarmons ia a short tinia. Bounce in boards, with cloth back 50 Cts. How to Learn the Sense of 3,000 French Words in one Hoar. This ingenious little bixsk actually accomplishes all that its title claims. It is a fact that there are at least three thousand words in the Trench language, forming a large proportion of those used in ordinary con- versation, which are spelled exactly the same a3 in English, or become ths same by very slight and easily understood changes in their termination. 16- mo, illuminated paper covers 25 Ct3. How to Speak in Public; or, The Art of Extempore Oratory. A valuable manual for those who desire to becorce ready off-hand speakers ; containing clear directions how to arrange ideas logically and quickly, in. eluding illustrations, by the analysis of speeches delivered by some of the greatest orators, exemplifying the importance of correct emphasis, clearness of articulation, and appropriate gesture. Paper covers _ , 25 Cts. Live and Learn. A guide for all those who wish to speak and write correctly; particularly intended as a Book of Reference for the solu- tion of difficulties connected with Grammar, Composition, Punctuation, &c, Cts. The Strange and Wonderful Adventures of Bachelor Butter ay. "Showing how his passion for Natural History completely eradicated the' tender passion implanted in his breast— also detailing his Extraordinary Travels, both by sea and land— hi? Hair-breadth Escapes from fire and cold — his being eome over by a Widow with nine small children— his wonderful Adventures with the Doctor and tho Fiddler and other Perils of a most extraordinary nature. The whole illustrated by about 200 engravings « 30 CtS, The Laughable Adventures of Messrs Brown, Jones and Robinson? Showing where they went, and how they went, what they did. and how they did it. Here is a book which will-make you split your sides laughing. It shows the comical adventures of three jolly young greenhorns, who went traveling, and got into all manner of scrapes and funny adven- tures. Illustrated with nearly 200 thrillingly-comic engravings ..... 30 Cts. The Mishaps and Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuek. This humorous and curious book sets forth, with 188 comic drawiners, the mis- Jortunes which befell Mr. Oldbuck ; and also his five unsuccessful attempts to commit suicide — his hair-breadth escapes from fire, water and famine — his affection for his poor dog, etc. To look over this book will make you laugh, and you can't help it 30 cts. Jack Johnson's Jokes for the Jolly. A collection of Funny Stories. Droll Incidents, Queer Conceits and Apt Repartees. Illustrating the Drolleries of Border Life in the West, Yankee Peculiarities, Dutch Blunders. French Sarcasms, Irish Wit and Humor, etc.. with shGrt Ludic- rous Narratives ; making altogether a Medley of Mirthful Morsels for the Melancholy that will drive away the blues, and cause the most misanthropic mortal to faugh. Illustrated paper covers 25 ct3. Snipsnaps and Snickering^ of Simon Snod^rass. A collec- tion of Droll and Laughable Stories, illustrative of Irish Drolleries and Blarney, Ludicrous Dutch Blunders, Queer Yankee Tricks and Dodsres, Backwoods Boasting, Humors of Horse-trading, Negro Comicalities. Per- ilous Pranks of Fighting Men, Frenchmen's Queer Mistakes, Scotch Shrewd- ness, and other phases of eccentric character, that go to make up a perfect and complete Medley of Wit and Humor. It is also full of funny engrav- ing. ... 25 ct* PojWilar Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Day's Cards of Courtship. Arranged with such apt converse tions, that you will be enabled to ask the momentous question categorically in such a delicate manner that the young lady will not suspect what you are at. These cards may be used either by t'.vo persons, or they will make lots of fun for an evening party of young people. When used iu a party the question is read aloud by the lady receiving it— she shuffles and hands out an answer— and that also must be read aloud by the gentleman receiving it The fun thus caused is intense. Put up in handsome card cases on whieli are printed directions SO eta. Day's Love-Letter Cards; or, Love-Making Made Easy. TV e have just printed anovel Set of Cards which will delight the hearts o* ' young people susceptible of the tender passion. Both letters and answers are either humorous or humorously sentimental— thus creatine lots of fua when used at a party of young people— and special pains has "been taken •with them to avoid that silly, sentimental formality so common in printed letters of this kind. Put up in handsome cases, on which are printed directions bOets. Day's Conversation Cards. A ITew and Original Set, com- prising Eighteen Questions and Twenty-four Answers, so arranged that the whole of the answers are apt replies to each one of the eighteen ques- tions. The plan of these Cards is very simple, and easily understood. "Used by a party ot young people, they will make a good deal of fun. The set comprises forty-two Cards iu the aggregate, which are put up in a handsome case, with printed directions for use 3Q c ^ > Day's Fortune-Tellin.?r Cards. Vo Lave just printed an original set of Cards for telling fortunes, which are an improvement on any hitherto made. They aro so arranged that each auswer will respond to cvory one of the questions which may be put. These cards will also afford a fund of amusement in a parry of vonng people. Each pack is enclosed in a card case, on which are printed directious 00 cts. Day's Cards for Popping the Question, An Original Game for lovers and Sweethearts, or for Merry-Making in a Party of Young People. As soon as these cards become known, wo feel sure that they will have an endless sale. Put up in oases, with directions for playing. . .30 ets. Day's Leap- Year Cards. To enable any lady to pop the que* tion to the chosen one of her heart TMs set of Cards is intended more to make fun among young people than for any practical utility. Put up in handsome eases, with printed directions 20 Cfcj. Chesterfield's Letter- Writer and Complete Book of Eti- quette. Containing the Art of Letter- Writing simplified, a guide te friendly, affectionate, polite and business correspondence, and rules for puno< feation and spelling, with complete rales of Etiquette and the usages of So- ciety. An excellent hand-book for reference, lbmo, bound in boards.4.0 cts. tlow to Behave ; or, The Spirit of Etiquette. A Guide to Po- lite Society, for Ladies and Gentlemen ; containing rules for good behavior at the dinner table, in the parlor, and in the street ; with important hints on introduction, conversation, etc 12 eta. How to Win and How to Woo. Containing "Rules for the Eti- iuette of Courtship, with directions showing how to win the favor of the .adieg, how to begin and end a Courtship, aud how Love-Letters should b* written 15 cte. Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. o ' 1 ■ Allyn's Ritual of Freemasonry. Containing a complete Key to the following Degrees : Degree of Entered Apprentice; Degree of Fei- low Craft; Degree of Master Mason; Degree of Mark Master; Degree oi Past Master; Degree of Excellent Master; Decree of Eoyal Arch; Royal Arch Chapter ; Degree of Eoyal Master ; Degree of Select Master; Degree of Super-Excellent Master; Degree of Ark and Dove; Degree of Knights of Constantinople ; Degree of Secret Monitor; Degree of Heroine of Jeri- cho; Degree of Knights of Three Kings: Mod;terranean Pass; Older ot - Knights^of the Eed Cross; Order of Knights Templar and Knights ot Malta; Knights of the Christian Mark, and Guards of the Conclave-, Knights of the Holy Sepulchre; The Holy and Thrice Illustrious Order of the Cross; Secret Master; Perfect Master; Intimate Secretary ; Provost and Judge; Intendant of the Buildings, or Master in Israel: Elected Knights of Kine; Elected Grand Master.- Sublime Knights Elected; Grand Master Architect ; Knights of the Ninth Arch; Grand Elect, Per- fect and Sublime Mason. Illustrated with 3£ copper-plate engra-\ings; tc which is added, a Kev to the Phi Beta Kappa. Orange and Odd Fellows So eieties. By Avery AJlyn, K.Pt. C. K. T. K. M., etc. 12mo, cloth. . . .§5.00 Lester's "Look to the East." (Webb Work.) A Eitnal ot the First Three Degrees of Masonry. Containing the complete work of the Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Muster Mason's Degrees, and their Ceremonies. Lectures, etc. Edited \j Ealph P. Lester. This complete and beautiful Pocket Manual of tue First Three Degrees of Ma somy, is printed in clear, legible type, and not obscured by any attempts at cypher or other perplexing contractions. It differs entirely from all other Manuals, from the fact that it contains neither the passwords grips, nor any other purely esoteric matter, with which Masons, and Masons only, are necessarily entirely familiar. It affords, therefore, a thorough and valuable guide te the regular " work" in the above degrees, divested of everything that any member of the Fraternity would object to see in print, or hesitate to 00117 in his pocket. It gives the correct routine of Opening and Closing the Lodge in each Degree. Calling Off and calling On Calling the Lodge Up and Doicn. The Entire Ceremonies of Initiating, Passing and Raising Candidates. Tlie Lectures all JRitiially and Mon- itorially Complete. Bound iu cloth S2.00 Leather tucks (pocket-book style), gilt edges 2.50 Duncan's Masonic Eitual and Monitor; or, Guide to thi Three Symbolic Degrees of the Ancient York Bite. Enter, d A prentice. Eel- low Craft and Master Mason. And to the Degrees of Mark Master. Past Master. Most Excellent Master, and the lioyal Arch. By Malcom C. Dun- can. Explained and Interpreted by copious Xotes and numerous Fmrrav- ings. It is nat so much the design of the author to gratify the curiosity ui the uninitiated, as to furnish a Guide to the Younger Members of the Order, by means of which their progress from grade to grade may be facilitated With tlie aid of this invaluable Masonic Companion, any mason can. ii. a sh')rt time, become qualified to take the Chair as Master of a Lodge. Kothing is omitted in it that may tend to impart a full understanding oi the principles <>f Masonry. This is a valuable book for the Fraternity, eon taiuimr, as it does, the Modern " "Work " of the order. Xo Mason should be without it Bound in cloth §i.50 Leather tucks (pocket-book style), with gilt edges 3.00 Dnncan's Bituale der Freimaurerei. A Guide, in the German language, to the Three Symbolic Degrees of the Ancient York Rite. Dieses Werk ist geschrieben, urn den jungern Mitgiieder des ordens einen Leitfaden an die Hand zu geben, und gibt cine genaue Beschreibnng aller in der Arbeit gebrauchlichen Ceremonien, Zeichen, Worte, Griffe, u.s w. Leather tucks (Pocket-book style), gilt edges §2-0Q- Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. The Magicians Own Book; or, The Whole Art of Con- jurlng. A complete hand-book of Parlor Magic, containing over a thou- sand Optical, Chemical, Mechanical, Magnetic and Magical Experiments, Aniusiug Transmutation, Astonishing Sleights and Subtleties, Celebrated Card Deceptions, Ingenious Tricks with Numbers, curious and entertain- ing Puzzles, the Art of Secret Writing, together with all the most noted tricks of modern performers, DHustrated with over 500 wood cuts. 12mo, cloth gilt $1-50. The Sociable; or. One Thousand and "One Home Amuse- ments. Containing Acting Proverbs, Dramatic Charades, Acting Charades or Drawing-room Pantomimes, Musical Burlesques, Tableaux Vivants, Parlor Games, Games of Action, Forfeits and Science in Sport and Parlor Magic, and a choice collection of curious Mental and Mechanical Puzzles, etc. Illustrated with numerous engravings and diagrams. The whole beinga fund of never-ending entertainment. 376 pages, cloth, gilt $1-50. Confectioner's Hand Book. Giving plain and practical directions for making Confectionery. Containing upwards of three hun- dred liecipes, consisting of directions for making all sorts of Candies, Jellies, Comfits, Preserves, Sugar Boiling, Iced Liquors, Waters, Gum, Paste and Candy Ornaments, Syrups, Marmalades, Essences, Fruit Pastes, Ice Creams, Icings, Meringues, Chocolates, etc., etc.. A complete Hand-Book of the Confectioner's Art 25 CtS. Howard's Book of Love Poetry. A curious and Beautiful Collection of Tenderly Delicate, Sweetly Pathetic and Amusingly Quizzi- cal Poetical Love-Addresses, containing a large number of the most ad- mired selections from the leading Poets suitable for quotations in Love Letters, and applicable to all phases and contingencies incident to the tender passion. 14=1 pages 25 CtS. Courtship Hade Easy; or, The Art of Making Love Fully Explained- Containing full directions for Conducting a Courtship with Ladies of every age and position in society, and valuable information for persons who desire to enter the marriage state. Also, forms of Love- letters to be used on certain occasions. 64 pages 15 cts. How Gamblers Win ; or, the Secrets of Advantage Play- ing Exrsosed. Being a complete and scientfic expose of the manner of playing all the numerous advantages in the various Card Games, as prac- tised by professional gamblers. This work is designed as a warning to self-confident card-players. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 cts- Bow's Complete Fractional Ready Reckoner. For buying and selling any kind of merchandise, giving the fractional parts of a pound, 3'ard, etc., from one-quarter to one thousand at any price from one-quarter of a cent to five dollars. 36mo, 232 pages. Boards 50 CtS- How to Talk and Debate ; or, Fluency of Speech Attained without the Sacrifice of Elegance and Sense. A useful hand-book on Conversation and Debate , ..12 CtS. Boxing Made Hasy; or, The Complete Manual of Self- Befense- Clearly explained and Illustrated in a Series of Easy Lessons, with some important Hints to Wrestlers 15 cts- Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexed. Brisbane's Golden Ready-Reckoner. Calculated in Dollars and Cents. Showing at once the amount or value of any number of ar- ticles or quantity of goods, or any merchandise, either by gallon, quart, pint, ounce, pound, quarter, hundred, yard, foot, inch, bushel, etc., in an easy and plain manner. To which are added Interest Tables, calculated in dollars and cents, for days and for months, at six per cent, and at seven per cent, per annum, alternately; and a great number of other Tables' and Rules for calculation never before in print. Bound in boards 35 CIS. How to Cook Potatoes, Apples, Eggs and Fish, Fcm Hundred Different Ways. Our lady friends will be surprised when they examine this book, and find the great variety of ways that the same article may be prepared and cooked. The work especially recommends itself to those who are often embarrassed foi want of variety in dishes suitable for the breakfast-table, or on occasions where the necessity arises for preparing a meal at short notice. Paper covers SO ClS. Bound in boards, with cloth back '. 50 CtS. The Science Of Self-Defense. Illustrated with explanatory engravings. This book was written by Ned Price, the celebrated boxer, and is the best work that was ever written upon the subject of Sparring and Wrestling. It contains all the tricks and stratagems resorted to by professional boxers, and the descriptions of the passes, blows and parries are all clearly explained by the aid of numerous diagrams and engravings. That portion of the work which treats on wrestling is particularly thor- ough, and is well illustrated with engravings. Bound in boards. .75 CtS. Richardson's Monitor of Freemasonry. A complete Guide to the various Ceremonies and Routine in Freemasons' Lodges, Chapters, Encampments, Hierarchies, etc., in all the Degrees, whether Modern, An- cient, Ineffable, Pnilosophical or Historical. Containing, also, the Lec- tures, Addresses, Charges, Signs, Tokens, Grips, Passwords. Regalias and Jewels in each Degree. Profusely illustrated with Explanatory Engrav ings, Plans of the interior of Lodges, etc. 185 pages, paper covers. .75 eta Bound in gilt 81.25 Bound in leather tucks (pocket-book style) S2.00 HOW to Cook and HOW to Carve. Giving plain and easily understood directions for preparing and cooking, with the greatest econ- omy, every kind of dish, with complete instructions for serving the Fame. This book is just the thing for a young Housekeeper. It is worth a dozen of expensive French books. Paper covers 30 CtS. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50ct& The American Home Cook Book. Containing several hun. dred excellent recipes. The whole based on many years' experience of an American Housewife, Illustrated with engravings. All the recipes in this book are written from actual experience in Cooking. Paper. .80 CtS. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 CtS. The Yankee Cook Book, A new system of Cookery. Con- taining hundreds of excellent recipes from actual experience in Cooking; also, full explanations in the art of Carving. 126 pages, paper covers.30 CtS. Bound in boards, with cloth back 50 Ct& KLrgan's Freemasonry Exposed and Explained. Showing the Origin, History and Nature of Masonry, and containing a Key to all the Degrees of Freemasonry. Giving a clear and correct view of the man» *er of conferring the different degrees, as practised in all Lodges. .25 ct» 'Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Prices annexe*. DICK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Practical Receipts and Processes, PRINTED ON FINE TONED PAPER, CONTAINING 6,422 PRACTICAL RECEIPTS, Written in a plain, and popular manner, and illustrated with explanatory wood-cuts. Being a comprehensire Book of Reference for the Merchant, Manufacturer, Artisan. Amateur and Housekeeper, embracing valuable la- formation in the Arts. Professions, Trades, Manufactures, including Medi cine. Pharmacy and Domestic Economy. It is certainly the most useftt- boo& of reference for practical information pertaining to the wants of every* day life ever printed. The Scientific American says: " It is worthy of a place in the library of any home, work-shop, factory or laboratory." Promi- nent among the immense mass of subjects treated of in the book, are the following : The Art of Dyeing; Hard, Soft and Toilet Soaps; Tanning; Distillation; Imitation Liquors,- Wiws^ Cordials and Bitters; Cider; Brewing; Perfumery ; Cologne Water and Perfumed Spirits Flavoring Essences, etc.; Cosmetics; Hair Dyes and Washes: Pomades and Perfumed OUSi Tooth Powders, etc.; Syrups ; Alcohol and Alcoholmetry ; Petroleum and Kerosene; Jileaehing and Cleaning; fr'ijuring and Cleansing; Vinegar; Sauces. Catsups and Pickles; Receipts for the Garden; To Remove Stains, Spots, etc.; Tne Extermination of Vermin; Pyrotechny and Explosives; Cements, eta.; Soluble Glass; Water p roojing; A rtificial Gems; Inks and Writing Fluids; Aniline Colors; Liquid Colors; Paints and Pigments; Prying Oils and Dryers; Painting and Paper-hanging; Ealsomiue and Whitewash; Oil and Spirit Varnishes; Varnishing and Polishing; Lubricators,- Japanning and Lacquering; Boot and Harness Blacking; Photography ; Metals and Alloys; Soldering and Welding; Amalgams ; Gilding, Silvering, etc.; Electrotyping, Electroplating, etc., Medicinal Preparations; Patent Medicines; Medical lieceipts; Weights and Measures. 607 pages, royal octavo, oloth. $5-00 Sheep... 6.Q9 DICK & FITZG-ERALD, Publishers, Box 3975. NEW YORK* Agents Wanted to Canvass for this Work, Sent Free of Postage on Receipt of Price. The Biblical Reason Why. A Hand-Book for Biblical Students, and a guide to family Scripture reading. This work gives reasons founded upon the Bible, and assigned by the most eminent Divines and Christian Philosophers, for the great and all-absorbing events recorded in the History of the • Bible, the Life of our Saviour and the Acts of His Apostles. EXAMPLE. Why is the book of the Prophecies o) Isaiah a strong proof of tfie autheru Why did the first patriarchs attain such extreme longevity ? Why teas the term of life afterwards shortened ? Wtty are there several manifest varki- lions in names, facts and dates, be- tween the books of Kings and Chron- icles? ticity of the whole Bit Why did our Saviour receive the name of Jesus? Why did John the Baptist hesitate to administer the rite of Baptism to Jesus / This volume answers 1,493 similar questions. Beautifully illus- trated. Large 12mo, cloth, gilt side and back $1.50 The Reason Why: General Science. A care- ful collection of reasons for some thousands of things which, though generally known, are imperfectly understood. A book for the million. This work assigns reasons for the thousands of things that daily fall under the eye of the intelligent observer, and of which he seeks a simple and clear explanation. EXAMPLE. Why does silver tarnish when exposed to light? Why do some colors fade, and others darken, when exposed to the sun ? Why is ttie sky blue ? This volume answers 1,325 similar questions. 356 pages, bound in cloth, gilt, and embellished with a large number of wood- cuts, illustrating the various subjects treated of. , . $1.50 The Reason Why: Natural History. Giving; reasons for hundreds of interesting facts in connection with Zoology, and throwing a light upon the peculiar habits and in- r tmets of the various orders of the Animal Kingdom. EXAMPLE. What develops electricity in the- clouds ? Why does dew form round dropsupon the leaves of plants ? StTiy has the lion such a large mane I Why does the otter, when hunting for £z,h, swim against the stream ? Why do dogs turn around two or three times before they lie doum ? Why have flat fishes their upper sides dark, and their under sides white? Why do sporting dogs make what is termed " a point"/ Why do birds often roost upon one leg 1 Why do frogs keep their mouths closed jivhile breathing ? Why does ine wren build several nests, but occupy only one ? This volume answers about 1,500 similar questions. Illustrated, cloth, gilt side and back $1^50 Popular Books sent Free of Postage at the Price3 annexed. Frost's American Etiquette ; or, Laws of Good Society. A condensed but thorough treatise on Etiquette and its Usages in Amer- ica. Containing plain and reliable directions for correct deportment in every situation and under all circumstances in life, including special directions and instructions on the following subjects : Letters of Introduction. Salutes and Salutations. Calls. Conversation. Invitations. Dinner Company. Balls. Morning and Evening Parties. Visiting. Street Etiquette. Riding and Driving Traveling. Etiquette in Church. Etiquette for Places of Amusement Servants. Hotel Etiquette. Etiquette at Weddings. Baptisms and Funerals. Etiquette roith Children and at tht Card Table. Visiting Cards. Letter Writing. The Lady's ToiUt. The Gentleman's Toilet. BESIDES ONE HUNDKED UNCLASSIFIED LAWS APPLICABLE TO ALL OCCASIONS. Paper covers 30 Cts. Bound in boards, cloth back , 50 Cts, Live and Learn; or, One Thousand Mistakes of Daily Occurrence in Speaking, Writing and Pronunciation, Corrected and Explained. There are hundreds of persons who are sensible of their deficiencies on many points connected with the Grammar of their own tongue, and who, by self tuition, may correct such deficiencies. For such persons this book has been written. It shows all the current improprieties of expression and gives rules for their correction. It gives clear rules for the use of Cap- itals and Italics. It gives plain, general rules for spel- ling. It gives detailed instructions for writ- ing for the Press in the various de- partments of newsjiaper and general literature . It Corrects and Explains 1,000 Mis- < takes of Daily Occurrence in Speak- , ing. Writing and Pronunciation. It Explains the many~ Perplexing : points that occasion difficulty to the student, It Explains most of the Latin and ' French words and phrases of fre- \ quent occurrence in newspapers, i magazines and Books. It shows how to punctuate and para- \ graph correctly. 213 pages, paper cover 30 otS. Bound in boards, cloth back 50 CtS= Confectioner's Hand-Book. Giving plain and practical direc- tions for making Confectionery. Containing upwards of three "hundred itecipes, consisting of directions for making all sorts of Candies, Jellies, Oomfits, Preserves, Sugar Boiling, Iced Liquors, Waters, Gum, Paste and •landy Ornaments, Syrups, Marmalades, Essences, Fruit Pastes, Ice breams, Icings, MeriDgues, Chocolates, etc., etc. A complete Hand-Book of the Confectioner's Art. Price 25 Cts. Howard's Book of Love-Poetry. A Curious and Beautiful Collection of Tenderly Delicate, Sweetly Pathetic, and Amusingly Quiz- zical Poetical Love- Addresses ; containing a large number of the most admired selections from the leading Poets suitable for quotations in Love- Letters, and applicable to all phases and contingencies incident to the tender passion. 141 pages 25 ct»- Bent Free of Postage on Receipt of Price. 'Trump's" American Hoyle ; or, Gentleman's Hand-Book of Games. This -work contains an exhaustive treatise on Whist, by William Pole, F.R.S.. and the rales foi playing that game as laid down by the Hon. James Clay. It also contains clear descriptions of all the games played in the United States, with the Amarican rales for playing them ; including tfuchre, Beziqxte, Cribbage, Baccara, [ California Jack, Cassino, Chest Checkers, Backgammon, BUUard^ Dominoes, ana a hundred other games. nque. All Fours. Loo, Poker, Brag, Piquet, Pedro Sawho, Penuchle, Railroad Euchre. Jack Pots, Ecarte, Boston, * *1 ♦** This work as designed as an .American authority in all ^ames of skill and chance, and will settle any disputed point." It has been prepared with great care, and is not a re-hash of English games, but a live American book, expressly prepared for Amer- ican players. The American HotcLE contains 525 pages, ia printed on fine white paper, bound in cloth, with extra gilt side and beveled boards, and is profusely illustrated $2.00 Spayth's American Draught Player ; or, The Theory and Practice of the Scientific Game oi Checkers. Simplified and Illustrated with Practical Diagrams. Containing upwards of 1,700 Games and Positions. By Henry Spayth. Fifth edition, with over two hundred Corrections and. law o Ho Hi o Ho movements. Containing: The Standard La*-s of the Gome — Full Instructions — Draught Board Numbered — Names of the Games, and how formed — The " Theory of the Move and its Changes" practically explained and illustrated with Diagrams- Playing Tables for Draught Clubs— New Systems vt Numbering the Board — Prefixing Signs to the Variations — List cf Draught Treatises and Publications chronologically arranged. Bound in cloth, giit side and back,,., ,»„,...,.••••/. .S&QQ Sent Free of Postage on Receipt of Price. Sut LovingOdd. Tarns spun by "ANat'ral Born Inzm'd Fool." Warped and Wov^ tor Public Wear by -George IT. Etais. Illustrated wifcb eight fine full page engravings, V from designs by Howard. It would be difficult, we think, to cram a larger amount of pungent humor into 300 pages than will be found in this really funny book. The Preface and Dedication are models of sly simplicity, and the 24 Sketches which follow are among the best specimens of broad burlesque to which the genius of the ludicrous, for which the Southwest is so distin- guished, has yet given birth. Cloth, gilt edges $1.50 How to Conduct a Debate. A Series,** Complete Debates, Outlines of Debates, and Q nest ions for D iscussion. In the complete debates, the questions for discussion are defined the debate formally opened, an array of brilliant argument* adduced on either side, and the debate closed according to par liamentary usages. The second part consists ■ of questions for debate, with heads of arguments, for and against, given in a condensed form for the speakers to enlarge upon to suit titer own fancy. In addition to these are A Large Collection of Debatable Questions. •^ authorities to be referred to for information are given at the , xo*se of every debate. By Frederic Rowton. 232 pages, paper 50 cts- Bomid in fcaar-ds, cloth hack* .„,„. .,„»..«...-. -75 efe- Sent Free of Postage on Reeeipt of Price. The Secret Out; or, 1,000 Tricks with Cards, and Other Recreations. Illustrated with over 300 engravings. A book which explains all the Tricks and Deceptions with Play ing Cards ever known, and gives, besides, a great many new ones. The whole being described so carefully, with engraving? to illustrate them, that anybody can easily learn how to perform them. This work also contains 240 of the best Tricks «f Leger- demain, in addition to the Card Tricks. SYNOPSIS OF COXTE^TS. ART I. — Tricks vnth Cards performed by skillful Manipulation and Sleight of Hand. Part II. — Tricks performed by the aid tf Memory, Mental Calculation and the- Peculiar Arrangement of the Cards. Part III.— Tricks with Cards per- formed by the aid of Confederacy and sheer Audacity. Part IV. — Tricks performed by the aid of Ingenious Apparatus and Prepared Cards. Part V.— Tricks of Legerdemain, Con- Part VI.— Tricks in White Magic, performed by the aid of Ingeniout Contrivance and, Simple Apparatus. Part VII. — Natural Magic, or Recre- ations in Science, embracing Curious Amusements in Magnetism, Mechan ics. Acoustics, Chemistry, Hydraitr lies and Optics. Part VIII.— A Curious Collection o* Entertaining Experiments, Amus- ing Puzzles, Queer Sleights,' In dud ing the Celebrated Science of Second Sight, Recreations in Arithmetic, and Fireside Games for Family Pas time, and other Astonishing Scien tifie Paradoxes and Attractive Amusements. juring, Sleight of Hand and other Fancies, commonly called White Magic. Xwe Secret Out is, by all odds, the most curious book thai has been published in many years, and lays bare the whole machinery of magic, and with a simplicity so perfect that nobody can fail to become a domestic magician in a week, with very little study and practice. Such is the unerring process of instruction adopted in this volume, that no reader can fail to succeed in executing every Trick, Experiment, Game, etc., set down, if he will at all aevote his attention, in his leisure hours, to the subject ; and, as every trick with cards known will be found in this collection, it may be considered the only complete work on the subject evei published. 400 pages, bound in cloth, gilt. $1-50 GOOD BOOKS. Sent Postage-Paid, at the Prices Marked. COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE MAILED EREE 1 . DICK & FITZGERALD, Publishers, 'ox 2975. ?ew York. Dick's Encyclopedia of Receipts and Processes $5.00 Dick's Art of Gymnastics ~~ 1.00 Spaeth's American Draught Player 3.00 American Hoyle, the Standard Book of Games 2.00 Dick's Games of Patience; or Solitaire with Cards 1.00 Marache's Manual /tfJHwjss .... .50 Dick's Hand-Book otlabbage .50 Dick- Hand-Book of Whist .50 The Modern Pocket Eoyle , .50 Dick's Original Albnm Verses and Acrostics .'.... .50 Diw'-'ij ibook of Toasts, Speeches and Responses 50 Barber's American Book of Beady-Made Speeches .50 Ho^to Condnct a Debate .7. .50 The t* abater, Chairman's Assistant, and Rules of Order 50 North's Book of Lc e-Ietters 50 Dick 8 Commercial Letter-Writer 50 Kartine's Sensible Letter-Writer 5G American Etiquette 50 ^citations a nd Readings— Seres— ea' h Vol 30 s Recitations ; Humr-rcus, Serious d Dramatic 30 Dutch, French and Yankee D: alect Recitations 30 ingh's Juvenile Speaker, for little children 3C 's Irish Dialect Rectations 30 ranangh's New Speeches for little children 30 .dder Bones' Stump-Speeches and Burlesque Orations 30 dele's Comic Dialogues 3( 1 K laies' Very Little Dialogues 3( McBririe's Connie Dialogues 3C [ j Pvr*.— ** Amateur Actor .30 I »*.-.. .^s Private Theatricals .30 .*.,.&« Dramatic Proverbs and Charades 30 j Frw?3 Tableaux and Shadow Pantomimes 30 ! Dkb.>- Parlor Exhibitions ••• ■• .30 The iari or Magician.... •' 30 Dicks Palmistry MadeEasy 5C I j Dry's American Ready-Reckoner 50 'Hie American Housewife, ar d Kitchen Directory 50 Tho Amateur Trapper and Trap-Maker's Guide 50 i Dick's Quadrille Call-Book and Ball-Re jm Prompter ... 50 The Banjo and How to Play It • 50 ; The Art and Etiquette of Making Love 30 ] The Young Reporter : How to Write She rt-Hand 50 Thimiu's Fr ench Self-Taught 25 I thim. : -'s German Self-Taught • .25 ! ThiK.1'5 Spanish Self-Taught 25 t xhe i- &&ps and Adve atures of Obadiah Oldbuck <• 30